Ukti Vyakti Prakarana

Author(s): Damodar Pandit
Publisher: Singhi Jain Shastra Shiksha Pith Mumbai

Page 90

UKTI-VYAKTI-PRAKARANA
• 59 karu would represent ttie root,, kar, ( or the basek ára)+the vowel r, as if Imperative .forms like Skt. kuf-2,. Vedic krnú, srnu.etc.; but it is more likely, that the aflix for the 2 sg. Imperative, Atmanepada, of MIA., -ssu (from 01A. -sva). supplied this -25 to NIA.: kuruşya>karassus *karaha : karu. .
. (ii) Future Imperative There are two examples of a Future Imperative in the 2nd person : niñantesu (Adiag) = nimantrisyasi, and podhesu= pathisyasi (16/23, 24). The affix is -esu, and exactly similar forms for the 2nd person are found in Tulasī-dāsa : e. g. mārosu, bădhesu in the sg. (and with -ehu. Cu affix in the plural kamehu). The
The exact origin of this affix is not clear. Is it a case of nimantrayasi>MIA. nimmontesi+MIA. -S8U from OIA. -sva of the Atmanepada, Imp. 2 sg. ? § 75. [II] The Participial Tenses.
(e) The Past Tense. The paradigms for Transitive and Intransitive verbs differ. The base of this tense is the OIA. Passive or Past Participle adj:, with the affix -ta (or -ita) (and -na in a few cases), which, when the -tq was not assimilated with the preceding consonant of the root, became -a (oria) (sometimes otta, through reasons of accent, or dialect, and nna, in MIA.). This was later strengthened in NIA. by a definitive affix -ā, from -āka. So gata gave gaa, then gaa+-ārgā; vrddha = vardhita>vaddhia, *vaddha>badha+-a>bādhă, etc. As mentioned before, intransitive roots with this affix formed adjectives referring to the subject, and therefore these adjectival verb forms followed the gender and number of the subject; and transitive verbs with this affix had their subject in the instrumental, and they had concord with the object in the matter of number and gender. Thus, with the Intransitive verbs, the past construction was active (kattari prayoga); and with the Transitive verbs, it was passive (karmani prayoga). But quite early a disturbance was created in the case of the Passive construction of the Transitive verb-it came to be regarded as an active form. Yet up to the time of Tulasi-dāsa, i..e. up to second half of the 16th century, when certain personal ternsinations referring to the subject came to be established for the past base for both Intransitive and Transitive verbs, the Transitive Past retained sufficiently its original passive character.
Unfortunately the forms for the Past are gery scanty in the Ukti-vyakti. Still, the following forms can be set forth to illustrate the situation. •