Ukti Vyakti Prakarana

Author(s): Damodar Pandit
Publisher: Singhi Jain Shastra Shiksha Pith Mumbai

Page 86

UKTI-VYAKTI-PRAKARANA
. 55 the resultant forån becathie indistinguishable from the active, although the passive sonse continued. The Passive (in -;-) is found only in the present tense,
The construction of the phrase in the case of the transative verb: in the past tense is really in the passive, the verb being an adjective qualifying the object : e. g. kei e ihã bāmhana thāpe, really = kena ete atro brāhmanās sthāpitāḥ (21/17). The passive construction is also present in phrases with the future passive participle in -aba : e. g. ko mai bhojana māgaba=ko mayā bhojanam yācitavyaḥ (22/6). An impersonal or neuter voice (bhāva-vācya) is found, with reference to intransitive verbs : e. g. käha karata āchia (20/9) = kim kurvata sthiyate; käha karanihārē āchia ( 20/16 )= kim karisyamārena āsyaie; chátrē gāūvu jāžā (16/14)= chātrena grāmo gamyate.
[3] Mood.
There are practically two moods, Indicative and Imperative. With the conjunction jaï = yadi, the Indicative can be turned into the Subjunctive : but there are no special affixes for this mood. The Imperative occurs in the present tense for the second and third persons, and for the future tense in the second person only. It is convenient to take this Imperative as a tense-form under the Indicative Mood.
There is no case of the Optative, which was such a common mood in MIA. But the Optative sense is expressed in the negative by the particle jani used with the Indicative present : e. g. pāpū joni karasi ( 10/11); satta mārggu jaņi chățasi = chādasi (10/12).
[4] TENSE. * The tenses occurring in the Ukti-vyakti can be arranged genetically as follows:
[A] The Simple Tenses [17 Tenses derived from the OIA>MIA. : The “Radical Tenses":* (a) The Present Tense, or Simple or Indefinitė Present
(Active). (b) The Present Tense, Passive.
c), The Future Tense, or -h- future.
(d) The “Imperative Tense” (including the Future Imperative):
[II] Tenses derived from the Participles of OIA.: The “Participial Tenses":.
(eg The Past Tense, derived from the Past or Passive
Participle in -ta, -ita, -na. .