Book Title: Ukti Vyakti Prakarana
Author(s): Damodar Pandit
Publisher: Singhi Jain Shastra Shiksha Pith Mumbai

Previous | Next

Page 62
________________ UKTI-VYAKTI-PRAKARANA • 31 three genders--puruşå, strī and kulam or napumsaka, the language appears to have presented only two genders, formally, aš in Western Hindi--a masculine or neuter, and a feminine. Grammatical distinction of gender was made only in having an affix -i (<-7) for the feminine, e.g. nāga = nagnaḥ, nägin= nagna (<någnikā) (38/4), mãkadi ( 46/9); and this is fognd in the genitive affix (referring to a feminine noun as the name of the thing prossessed) and in the 'verbal adjectives of past and future participial origin. Thus, bada-kart dala (= pațasya dalāyām : 35/21), dui bețī dhai (15/29), andhūrī rātī (35/13); nai bidhi (39/21 ), tehu-karī sabhīt=tadīyāsu sabhāsu (10/15); · Veți kähi. dedi = iyam kanya kasmai dēyu (22/29), beda padhaba but smrti abhyasabi ( 12/16); gudē kharadi (=lptā) hatholi cata (40/28 ); apaņē jātī mila (52/16); etc. The situation is faithfully represented in the Middle Kosali of Malik Muhammad Jāyasī and Tulasi-dāsa. Otherwise there is no special way to distinguish the feminine gender in tbh, or Prakritic words. . The feminine form suggests in the case of inanimate nouns a smaller and nicer aspect of the thing : this is how the feminine form became, for names of inanimate objects, a diminutive only (e. g. potala-potali, jewadi “rope' = yugvarti (42/17), poli*( 43/19 ), pothi (52/18), badarohi (35/21 ), bawahare-karī kūtī (23/17). ::$ 54, Number. There are two numbers as inherited from MIA., singular and plural. The OIA.>MIA. inflexions for plural were all lost, so that the same form had to indicate both numbers : thus, pūtu, pūta son', bahutu pūta bhae (15/28); bahutu guņiā (text=puniā) (10/15); bahutu rājā (10/14); e kahāra (21/29) = 'these two (or many) servants”; saba byawahāra (5/25); saba loga ( 47/17); sabahí bhūtã= sarvesu bhūteşu in text, but really = sarve bhūte (9/30); häthể, sg., but also dừ häthế (7/13); ketau eka (10/17 ) = kiyanta-hu ekka-; tila= acc. pl. ( 40/31 ); bahutu brnda = bahūni vrndāni (15/21 ); dui leti bhai (15/29) -here probably the nasalisation in beti vaguely indicates the plural. $ 55. Context, and specially numerals, or adjectives of plurality like bahuthi or bahuta, sabu or saba, indicated the plural-not the form of the simple nominative. Old Kosali did not restrict the form în -2, the affix proper for the nom. sg., fifr the sg. only-we have bahutu gadiāņe (15/29, 16/1)=bahūni, and, bahutu pūta (15/28) = babavah puttrūḥ (really<*bahuvantah putrāḥ)." . : $ 56. In a vague way, the affix - 7, -hi is used for both the sg. and pl. oblique (dative-locative), to indicate the accusative or dåtive Jain Education International For Private & Personal Use Only www.jainelibrary.org

Loading...

Page Navigation
1 ... 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192