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Classification of Poetry
795 Vāmana deals with the topic of types of literature in brief. At Kā. Sū. vị (= K.S.V.) I. iii. 21 he classifies literature into two i.e. gadya or prose and padya or verse. He observes in the vrtti that 'gadya' or prose is mentioned first as it is both difficult to grasp and also difficult to create : "gadyasya pūrva-nirdeso durlaksyavišesatvena durbandhatvāt." He quotes a saying that verily, prose is the touch-stone
.". "gadvam kavīnām nikasam vadanti.” Prose, Vāmana suggests is threefold such as "gadyam vrtta-gandhi, cūrnam, utkalikā prāyam ca." (K.S.V. I. iii. 22). The Kāmadhenu commentary on Vāmana explains this as : "vrtta-gandhi kvacid bhāge vștta-cchāyánukāri. cūrņa-padena upacārād vyasta-pada-samāhāro laksyate. tena vyasta-pada-bahulam cūrņam. utkalikāprāyam iti - utkalikā utkanthā. "utkanthotkalike same” ity amaraḥ, utkalikāyāḥ prayogabāhulyam yasmin tad utkalikāprāyam gadyam. yasmin śrūyamāne śrotrņām utkanthā bahulā bhavatī-ty arthaḥ. kalikāśabdótra laksanayā ruharuhikāyām vartate. ullasantī kalikām ruharuhikām praiti prāpnoti iti utkalikāprāyam. yatra pada-samdarbha-paripāti kāndopakānda-samroha-śālinī kalikeva ullasati tad-utkalikāprāyam.” (pp. 38, Edn. Chowkhamba SKT. St. Varanasi, 1971, Bechan Jhal.
This means that 'yrtta-gandhi' prose is that which, in portions, carries passages that could be identified as this or that metre used in verse-formation. This could be said to be lyrical prose with sonorous effect or musical effect. Next is 'cūrna' or one. which is plain writing not abounding in compounds. 'utkalikāprāya' is explained by Kamadhenu in a quiver way. It suggests that 'utkalika' is the same as utkanthā or longing. Such prose writing which abounds in delineation of human longing, such by which the listener's utkanthā or longing is aroused or promoted is said to be ‘utkalikāprāġa'. This amounts perhaps to sentimental writing or such writing as arouses feelings and emotions ending in rasa-experience. Kāmadhenu suggests that by laksanā or indication utkalikā stands for 'ruharuhika' i.e. horripilation. We may say that this is also an 'anubhāva' - consequent, caused due to rasa-camatkāra. When a style of writing - "pada-sandarbha-paripāļi” - shines forth like a branch flowering in all its part, it is said to be utkalikāprāya. But, we may say that this explanation of Kamadhenu is not convincing for we except something other than 'cūrņa' in this third type. It should mean such writing which abounds in long and longer compounds, or one having rising billows and billows of long compounds as is seen in some parts of Kādambarī and such other works. Actually the Prabhā ţikā (pp. 25, ibid) refers to the Sāhityadarpana VI. 330, 331 which gives a four-fold division of prose writing such as · muktaka, vsttagandhi, utkalikāprāya and
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