________________ Classical Theory of Meditation xxvii centration occurs in a person who persistently indulges himself in deadly sins. His aggressive urge and possessive instinct are very deep and difficult to inhibit. This dhyana has four varieties according as the person indulges in (i) himsa (injurious acts), (ii) mrsa (lying), (iii) stena (stealing) or (iv) samraksana (protection of possessions). The characteristic signs of the person inclined towards raudradhyana are four, viz. (i) osanna-dosa, the habit of indulging repeatedly in any one of the four sins mentioned above; (ii) bahu-dosa, the habit of indulging in all those four sins; (iii) ajnana-dosa, the habit of indulging in sins due to wrong views; (iv) amarananta-dosa, the habit of indulging in sins without halt till death without the least sense of repentence. 5. The Dharma Dhyana Another expression for this dhyana is dharmya which means 'what is not antagonistic to the scriptural knowledge and the moral conduct.'1 It is considered under four heads, viz. (i) svarupa (self-nature), (ii) laksana (the signs of the soul inclined towards this dhyana), (iii) alambana (the factors that support this dhyana), and (iv) anupreksa (contemplations that accompany it). Under self-nature, the objects to be concentrated and contemplated upon (vicaya) in the dharma-dhyana are mentioned. The infallible and immaculate nature of the revelation (ajna), the fact of universal suffering (apaya) and its conditions, the nature of the fruition (vipaka) of various karmans, and the structure (samsthana) of the universe are the four objects of this dhyana. This vicaya or contemplation can be compared with the Buddhist concept of dharma-pravicaya for the eradication of klesas. The signs of the person inclined towards this type of meditation are four, viz. (i) predilection for the revelation (ajna-ruci) through learning, (ii) natural predilection for truth (nisarga-ruci), (iii) predilection for the scripture (sutra-ruci) and (iv) predilection for the deep study of the scripture (avagadha-ruci). The four factors that support dharma-dhyana are : (i) exposition of the scripture to others (vacana), (ii) critical enquiry about the contents of the scripture (pratipracchana), (iii) repeated study 1 Infra, p. 2: srutacaranadharmad anapetam dharmyam. 2 Abhidharmakosa, I. 3.
