________________ Scholastic Orientation xxxix towards universal well-being and are destined to be tirtharkaras (founders of religion). Such souls are bodhisattvas in the true sense of the term. In this connection Haribhadra distinguishes three categories of souls destined to be emancipated. The first category comprises such souls who, as soon as they experience the first dawn of enlightenment, make determination to redeem the world from its suffering by means of the enlightenment and work strenuously in accordance with the determination. These souls are destined to become tirtharkaras. The second category comprises those souls who are intent upon the wellbeing of only a limited circle of relatives by means of the enlightenment. These souls become ganadharas (literally the possessors of the gana 'group of virtues of transcendent intuition, knowledge, and the like), that is, the chief disciples of the tirtharkara. The third category comprises those souls who strive for the well-being of themselves with little care for others. These souls are destined to become ordinary (munda) kevalins. 3 Let us revert to the topic of preliminary preparation for yoga. After this preparation the soul becomes fit for the first stage of yoga, called adhyatma. The soul now observes the five vows and meditates upon the truth. It now cultivates universal friendship, appreciates merits of others, develops sympathy for the suffering, and remains indifferent to the wicked. By these practices the soul overcomes the karmans, reveals its spiritual energy, improves its power of self-concentration, and becomes wise. It then becomes fit for the second stage called bhavana. This stage is the perfection of the first. The soul now maintains steady progress. Its power of concentration increases. It now desists from bad habits and develops good ones. The third stage is dhyana. Then we come to the fourth stage of equanimity (samata). Here the soul makes a correct estimate of the nature and value of things, and consequently loses attachment to them The soul is now disillusioned and does not attach any importance to the supernormal powers that it might have acquired by means of the yoga. Then it reaches the fifth stage called annihilation of the residual karmans (vrttisamksaya). It now gradually destroys the accumulated karmans once for ever. On the annihilation of the obscuring (ghatin) karman, the soul attains omniscience. Then in due time it attains final emanci1 Ibid., 284-8. 2 Ibid., 289. 3 Ibid., 290. 4 Ibid., 358-59. 5 Ibid., 360-I. 6 Ibid., 364-5.
