________________ Xxxvi Jaina Meditation karmans and immediately attains final emancipation. This stage of concentration, says Yasovijaya, corresponds to the dharmamegha of Patanjali's system, to amstatman of yet another system, to bhavasatru of a third system, to siyodaya of yet another, to sattvananda of yet others, and to para of a still another school. The foregoing study was mainly based on the Yogavinsika. Now we come to the Sodasakas. There are some primary defects of the mind which are to be removed before practising the yogic processes. The minds of the common people (prthagjanacitta) are vitiated by these defects. Haribhadra enumerates them as eight, viz. inertia (kheda), anxiety (udvega), unsteadiness (ksepa), distraction (utthana), lapse of memory (bhranti), attraction for something else (anyamud), mental disturbance (ruk), and attachment (asanga). The mind of a yogin should always be free from these defects. It should be calm and quiet santa), noble and great (udatta). It should be free from all impurities and intent on the well-being of others (pararthaniyata) 3 Such minds are capable of concentration of the highest order and are known as pravsttacakra* (engaged in yogic practices day and night). Gradually by practising the concentration of mind the soul realizes itself. This self-realization is known as 'supreme bliss' (paramananda) and freedom from nescience (in the Vedanta); it is known as freedom from the specific qualities (in the Nyaya-Vaisesika system); it is the extinguished lamp (vidhmatadipa) of the Buddhists; it is extinction of animality (pasutvavigama), end of suffering (duhkhanta), and detachment from the elements (bhutavigama).5 Haribhadra thus tries to show the unanimity in the conceptions of final self-realization of all the systems of thought. He then asks the enquirers to keep their minds open and investigate the truth with perfect detachment and freedom from prejudices. For this purpose he enumerates eight virtues which are necessary for the pursuit of truth. They are: freedom from prejudice (advesa), inquisitiveness (jijnasa), love for listening (susrusa), attentive hearing (srayana), comprehension (bodha), critical evaluation (mimamsa), clear conviction (pariSuddha pratipatti), and earnest practice (pravstti) for self-realization, 1 ayam ca dharmamegha iti Patanjalair giyate, amstatmety anyair bhavasatrur ity aparaih sivodaya ity anyaih, sattvananda ity ekaih, paras ce'ty aparaih--Ibid. See YBi, 422. 2 SP, XIV. 2-3. 3 SP, XIV. 12. 4 For the technical meaning of the term se: YDS, 210. 5 SP. XVI. 1-4. 6 SP, XVI. 14.
