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92
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
[MARCH, 1910.
in order to destroy the enemy's rainy crops and automnal bandfals (mushi). He should inarch during the month of Chaitra (March), if he means to destroy the enemy's autumnal crops and vernal handfuls. He should march during the month of Jyesh/ha (May-Jone) against one whose storage of fodder, firewood and water has diminished and who has not repaired his fortifications, if he means to destroy the enemy's vernal crops and handfuls of the rainy season. Or he may march during the dewy season against a country wbich is of hot climate and in which fodder and water are obtained in little quantities. Or he may march during the summer against a country in which the sun is enshrouded by mist and which is full of deep valleys and thickets of trees and grass, or he may march during the rains against a country which is suitable for the maneuvre of his own army and which is of the reverse nature for his enemy's army. He has to undertake a long march between the months of Margalirahu (December) and T'aisha (January), a march of mean length between March and April, and a short march between May and June; and one, afflicted with troubles, should keep quiet.57
Marching against an enemy under troubles bas been explained in connection with March after declaring war."
My teacher says that one should almost invariably march against an enemy in troubles.
But Kautilya says: that when one's resources are sufficient, one should mareh, since the troubles of an enemy cannot be properly recognised; or whenever one finds it possible to reduce or destroy an enemy by marching against him, then one may undertake a march,
When the weather is free from heat, one should march with an army mostly composed of elephants. Elephants with profuse sweat in hot weather are attacked by leprosy; and when they have no water for bathing and drinking, they lose their qnickness and become obstinate. Hence against a country containing plenty of water and during the rainy season, one should march with an army mostly composed of elephants. Against a country of the reverse description, i.e., which has little rain and maddy water, one should march with an army mostly composed of asses, camels, and horses.
Against a desert, one should march during the rainy season with all the four constituents of the army elephants, horses, chariots, and men ). One should prepare a programme of short and long distances to be marched in accordance with the nature of the ground to be traversed, vis., even ground, uneven ground, valleys, and plains.
When the work to be nccomplished is small, march against all kinds of enemies should be of á short duration ; and when it is great, it should also be of long duration ; during the rains, encampment should be made abroaduo.
Chapter II. The time of recruiting the army; the form of equipment; and the work of arraying a rival foroe. (Balopadanakalah, Sannahagunan,
ratibalakarma cha). The time of recruiting troops, such as hereditary troope (maula), hired troops, corporation of soldiers (áreni), troops belonging to a friend or to an enemy, and wild tribes.
When he (a king) thinks that his bereditary army is more than he requires for the defence of his own possessions ; or when he thinks that as bis hereditary army consists of more men than he requires, some of them may be disaffected; or when he thinks that his enemy has a strong hereditary army famous for its attachment, and is, therefore, to be fought out with much skill on his part; or when he thinks that though the roads are good and the weather favourable, it is still the hereditary army that can endure wear and tear; or when he thinks that though they are famous for their attachment, hired soldiers and other kinds of troops cannot be relied upon lest they might lend their ears to the intrigues of the enemy to be invaded; or when he thinks that other kinds of force are wanting in strength, then is the time for taking the hereditary army. 87 The text here is fisulty. " See Chapter 4, Book VII.
59 In sloka metre.
