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MAY, 1910.) A COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES.
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Ia Malayalam tho dative case-saffis is klu as in Tamil; but this besomo nou if k be preceded by a nasal; e. g., magalkku to the daughter, but magannu, to the son. In this connection it may be statel that Dr. Gundert holds the view tbat innu is derived from the possessive case inadu. But he is himself doubtful of the correstuess of this theory and thinks that ku might have been dropped and a doublel, Dr. Caldwell thinks that any is a softened form of inku.
In Canarese it is ge or ke. The rule is: The dative singolar of masculinos onding in am (or an) is ge; that of neuters ending in an is k3 or kke. The dativo of all other themes, singular or plural, masculine or feminine, is ge. (Smd. 113).
The ge of the Sanskrit and Canarese masealine and feminino plorals may also be optionally doublei. (Sid. 115). For example: arasınje to the king, marake or mirakke to the tree, maraga!ke to the trees, Davarge to gods. The doubling is always optional.
In Badaga, the dativo suffix is ga: e. g., dechaga to the country (L. 8., 403). In Kurumba too it is ga or kä: e. g., manse-ga to man, adikā to that (L. S., 399). In Holiya, it is k, ka: 6.g., mānsāk to men, gavaka to village (L. S., 389). But Holiya is largely influenced by the neighbouring languages. Henco se (Aryan genitive sing.), e (Aryan dative) are also usel.
In Tula it is k or g; ku or gu (Brigel, page 11) ammaju; to a mistress ; maroku, to a tree.
In Oll Telaga the dative s'gns were kun and kin, in these suffixes is the accusative sign. Compare Kolāmi and Naiki. But this n was soon dropped. Native grammarians call this n an euphonic n which explanation may te accepted. In Mid. and New Telugu tho suffix is lu or ki. The role is :- The dative case is formed by adding ki to a genitive ending in i, i, ai and by adding ku to a genitive ending in any other vowel : e. g., puliki, to a tiger; bidluku, to a child. In the spokea Northern dialects of Telugn, we find that under thcs circumstances when Telaga uses ki they use ki or ke and under other circuinstances, ku or ka.
In the Gondi dialects and in Naiki the dative sign is, through the influenca of the neighbouring Munda Innguages, either droppel and replaced by the accusative sign n or un or blended with it to forin one combination as unl. Iu some few cases we have the original primitive k: vis, tammun to a brother, tamnurkeun to the brothers, mirsāns to the man, chhaurangk to the children (L, S., p. 480). Ia Chanda and Bostur, there are separate forms for the dative and the accusative though thoy are often confounded. The siga is ku or ke: babonku and bäböneko mean to the father (L. S., 536).
In Kui, it is ge or ki: nange to me, tināki, to him ; ge is mostly used in the case of personal pronouns. In Kurukh as in Gonļi, the datire and the accusative are sometimes confounded, especially in the South. The dative suffix is ge : e.g., älge to a man (L. S., 418). In Malto, the suffis is k, ko, ge : e. g., malko to a man (L. S., 448), also malel to a man (L. S., 452), enge to me (L. S.. 452). In Kolāmi as in Gondi, the dative has the same form as the accusative 4 or ng: 6. g., vegadung to the field (L. S. 564). Probably the g in ng represents the dative k.
19. Tho Genitive or Sixth Case : (a and in).
In Primitivo Dravidian there was only one genitive suffis, namely, a. Bat at a late period, in, which was originally a locative post-position came to be used also as genitive suffix. Thus, in Early Dravidian, there were two genitive suffixes, namely a and in. .
Of these two, a was used by some dialects: Tamil, Canarese and Gondi, in by Kurukh, Malto, Kai, Madras Gondi and Vadari (a dialect of Telugu). The rest of the dialects of the Dravidian family used both a and in. These were Tuļu, Telugu, Kolámi, Naiki, and Brahui.
The dialects that used in as genitive suffix modified it in many ways. In some, the nasal was dropped and the possessive sign was reduced to i,
