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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY.
(Juns, 1910.
Explanation in detached words is the mentioning of fact in detail: for example, " Abeence of discrepancy in the perception of sound, touch, colour, flavour, and ecent by means of the ear, the skin, the eyes, the tongue, and the nose, is what is meant by restraint of the organs of sense." 11
Such statement as . Thus one should live,' is guidance: for example, "Not violating the laws of righteousness and economy, be should live."
Such statement, as He says thus, ' is quotation : for example, “The school of Manu say that king should make his assembly of ministers consist of twelve ministers; the school of Bţibaspati say that it should consist of sixteen ministers; the school of Uśanas say it should contain twenty members; but Kautilya holds that it should contain as many ministers as the need of the kingdom requires." 23
When a rule dwelt upon in connection with question is said to apply to another question also, it is termed application : for example, "What is said of a debt not repaid holds good with failure to make good a promised gift."
Establishing a fact by what is to be treated of later on is place of reference': for example, "By making use of such a strategic means As conciliation, bribery, dissension, and coercion, as we shall explain in connection with calamitiou." 35
Proving an unseen thing or courso of circumstances by what has been seen in simile: for example, "Like a father his son, he should protect those of his subjects who have passed the period of the remission of taxes." 26
What naturally follows from a statement of facts, though not spoken of in plain terms, is implication: for example, "Whoever has fall experience of the affairs of this world should, through the medium of the courtiers and other friends, win the favour of a king who is of good character and worthy sovereign. It follows from this that no one should seek the favour of a king through the medium of the king's enemies." 27
When the statement of a reason is equally applicable to two cases of circumstances, it is tormed doubt : for example, " Which of the two should a conqueror march against: ono whose subjects are impoverished and greedy, or one whose subjects are oppressed?"
When the natnre of procedure to be specified in connection with a thing is said to be equal to what has already been specified in connection with another, it is termed reference to similar procedure : for example, “ On the lands allotted to him for the purpose of carrying on agricultural operations, he should do as before." **
The inference of a reverse statement from a positive satement is termed oontrariety : for example, "The reverse will be the appearance of a king who is not pleased with the messenger.” 30
That portion of sentence which is omitted, though necessary to convey complete sense, is ellipsis : for example, "With his feathers placked off, he will lose his power to move." Here like a bird,' is omitted.
. When the opinion of another person is stated, but not refated, it is acceptance of that opinion : for example, " Wings, front, and reserve, is the form of array of the army according to the school of Uganas.” 13
Description in detail is explanation : for example, "Especially amongst Assemblies and confederacies of kings possessing the characteristics of assemblies, quatrel is due to gambling ; and destruction of persons due to the quarrel. Hence among evil propensities, gambling is the worst evil, since it renders the king powerless for activity." $
Chapter 6, Book L. # Chapter 14, Book VII. # Chapter 11, Book 1. # Chapter 3, Book VIII.
Chapter 7, Book I. Chapter 1, Book II. hapter 16, Book I.
Chapter 15, Book 1 Chapter 6, Book V. 1 Chapter 1, Book VIII.
Chapter 16, Book III. Chapter 5, Book VII. Chapter 6, Book. X.
