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OCTOBER, 1910.)
THE KALPA-SUTRA.
261
sleep or nap, partake of meat, drink, sweetmeats and spices, secrete excrement, urine, mucus, phlegm. study, meditate (practice vigils), dedicate themselves to ascetic practices and attitudes.
20. The monks or nuns may not live in a house with wall paintings ; 21. only a house without these. 22. The nuns may not live without the householder's consent; 29. only with it ; 24. the monks with or without it, 25. The monks or runs may not live in a family house 17; 26. only in such as have few inhabitants ; 27. the monks not live in such as have female inhabitants; 28. only male inhabitants ; 29. the nuns only when there are no male inhabitants ; 30. only females. 81. The monks may not occupy a resting place distant from the road18; 32. only the nuns. 83. The monks may not live where they have to go through the abode of the householder sheltering them ; 34. only the nuns.
35. If monk has committed an offence and withont having atoned for it, is refusing stonement-then the other may if be pleases, show him honour, greet him, speak to him respectfully, eat or sleep with him, keep calm, or not do all this ; at any rate he who is calm, his is the perfection; he who does not keep calm, lacks perfection. Therefore one should be calm spontaneously. Why has the Master said this? The essence of monasticism is to be calm.
36. The monks or nung may not journey during the rainy season ; 37. only during summer and winter. 38. They may not wander to and fro in a kingdom just when it is in anarchy or rebellion. The monk or the nun, who does this, or approves anyone who does it, committing a fault in both cases, inours four months unshortened penance10.
39-42. If to a monk (& nun) who has entered a householder's dwelling for an alms, or who has gone to a place of rest or relief, is offered by anyone a dress, an alms-vessel, a cloth, a broom, he (she) may only receive it as his (her) own; after he (she) has, regarding the gift as prepared by the layman, laid it at the feet of the master (mistress) and from him (her) has asked the possession of it a second time.
43. At night-time or twilight the monks or nons may not receive food, eto. (as in 19); 44. only one bed of straw previously examined 20 ; 45, receive no dress, no alms-vessel, cloth or broom; 46. only one single article, brought home as though stolen21, and this must have been used, or washed, or dyed, or rubbed, or smoothed, or perfumed. 47. At night or twilight the monks or nuns may not go on the street; 48. or to a feast for the sake of the feast. 49-50. A monk (nun) may not go alone to, or enter, & place of rest or relief, only in twos or threes (or fours); 51, The monks or nung may journey eastward inclusively to Anga-Magadha, southward to Kaaśambi, westward to the district of Sthūņas, northward to the district of Kuņāla. So far it is allowed, so far extends the land of the pious. Still they may wan ler beyond that, where Jaina knowledge, belief, and custom flourishes-So say I.
IT Suohāgāriya wanaya is sa-itthiya sa-paru-bhatta-pāna, Conf. Achārdiga II, 2, 1, 8. 18 Pacibaddha, Achär. II. 2,3,6, more fully pantha-padibaddha. Compare the same passage also for sutra 387.
19 Parihāra-tthāna, or simply parihāra, 'isolation. In the Kalpa. And Nikitha-ritra, it is inflicted either for 1 or for 4 months; in the Vyavahāra-sutra, it does not exceed 6 months. Between its ordering and its carrying out, period may be inserted; benoo it is onlled ugghäiya or anugghāya. In the commentaries its performance
lighter type (lahu) and stricter (guru) One. This kind of punishment, however frequently it oocurred, is not namod in the well-known gathā, ooof. Jitakaipa, p. 2, whioh enumerates the tonfold penitence: aloyana padikamane misa vivege tahā vlussaggo tara cheya müla aparatthayā ya pārafichie ch'eva. Probably it is specialized by the fifth and sixth type : punitive fasts and asоetio practices. The first to the third form denote by the 'emall' or great' confession (100 Aupapātika-ritra, sub voce) the reprimand received in one of them or in their combination. The fourth (to spoll rightly vivengga) is merely the giving up of the objoot by which an offence against had been committed. For the rest, see notes to II, 47 and IV, 1.2.
20 The sūtras 43 and 4 do not correspond to each other. When the tikä once afterwards cites thom. we rond sea-samthārayam in the place of asanam vā4.
1 Hariyahadiyā. Tradition explains this word as a dress stolen (hrita) and restored again or M dress brought from the groon tart (harita). But apparently an object ordinarily forbidden and only allowed as makeshift for one night is meant.
* Conf, the westerly situated Brāhmana-yāma Thuna, Mahāvagga, V, 13.12.
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