Jain Dharm me Aachar Shastriya Siddhant Part 02

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Jain Vidya Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004207/1

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jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (Ethical Doctrines in Jainism) (khaNDa-2) lekhaka va saMpAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI anuvAdaka zrImatI zakuntalA jaina uma gAcI jIvI jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta ( khaNDa - 2 ) Hindi Translation of the English book 'Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' by Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani (General Editors: Dr. A. N. Upadhye and Dr. H. L. Jain) lekhaka va saMpAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI pUrva prophesara darzana zAstra, ema. ela. sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura nidezaka jainavidyA saMsthAna - apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI anuvAdaka zrImatI zakuntalA jaina sahAyaka nidezaka jainavidyA saMsthAna saMkhyA zrI mahAvIrajI prakAzaka jaina vidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzaka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI zrI mahAvIrajI - 322220 ( rAjasthAna ) dUrabhASa 7469-224323 - prApti-sthAna 1. jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI 2. sAhitya vikraya kendra digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura - 302004 dUrabhASa - 0141-2385247 prathama saMskaraNa 2011 sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna mUlya 350/ ISBN No. 81-88677-07-8 (khaNDa-2 ) pRSTha saMyojana zrI zyAma agravAla e - 336, mAlavIya nagara, jayapura - 302017 dUrabhASa - 0141-2524138, mo. 9887223674 mudraka jayapura priNTarsa prA. li. ema.AI. roDa, jayapura - 302 001 For Personal & Private Use Only

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samarpaNa sva. mAsTara motIlAla saMghI (saMsthApaka zrI sanmati pustakAlaya, jayapura 1920) sva. paM.cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha (prAcArya, digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura) sva. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye . sva. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina sva. zrImatI kamalA devI TholiyA/sogANI (dharmapatnI-DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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viSaya-sUcI prAkkathana adhyAya viSaya pRSTha saMkhyA samarpaNa prakAzakIya XI __ pro. (DaoN.) vIrasAgara jaina XIV adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI sampAdakIya DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI sAmAnya sampAdakIya DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina prastAvanA - DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI XXIX XVII XXIII 5. khaNDa-2 muni kA AcAra 1-59 pUrva adhyAya (prathama khaNDa kA caturtha adhyAya) kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (1), munidharma kriyAoM se nahIM balki hiMsA se pIche haTanA hai (1-3), AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie preraka For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke rUpa meM anuprekSAe~ aura unakA mahattva (3-5), pratyeka preraka (anuprekSA) kA vivaraNa (5), (i) satata parivartanazIlatA yA vastuoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA (anitya- anuprekSA) (5-6), (ii) . maraNa kI anivAryatA kA preraka (azaraNa- anuprekSA) (6-7), (iii) punarjanma kA preraka (saMsAra-anuprekSA) (7-8), (iv) ekAkIpana kA preraka (ekatva-anuprekSA) (8), (v) AtmA aura anAtmA ke bIca tAttvika bheda kA preraka (anyatva-anuprekSA) (8-9), (vi) zarIra kI azucitA kA preraka (azuci-anuprekSA) (vi) (9), vizva kI vyavasthA kA preraka (loka-anuprekSA) (9-10), (vii) samyakmArga ko kaThinatA se prApta karane kA preraka (bodhidurlabha-anuprekSA)(1011), (ix) karmoM ke ihaloka aura paraloka ke du:khoM kA preraka (Asrava-anuprekSA) (11), (x-xi) karmoM ko rokane kI vidhi kA preraka (saMvara-anuprekSA)- karmoM ko haTAne kI vidhi kA preraka (nirjarAanuprekSA)- jinadeva dvArA dharma kA upadeza dene kA preraka (dharma- : anuprekSA)(11-12), muni-jIvana kA aupacArika grahaNa (1213), aMtaraMga aura bAhya sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM (13-14), aMtaraMga aura bAhya svarUpa kA aMgIkAra (15), gRhastha kI apekSA muni jIvana kI zreSThatA (15-16), pA~ca mahAvrata (16), (i) ahiMsA mahAvrata (16), (ii) satya mahAvrata (16-17), (ii) asteya mahAvrata (17-18), (iv) brahmacarya mahAvrata (18), (v) aparigraha mahAvrata (18-20), tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti (2123), (i) IyAsamiti (23-25), (ii) bhASAsamiti (25), (iii) eSaNAsamiti (25-27), (iv) AdAnanikSepaNasamiti (27), (v) pratiSThApanasamiti (27), pA~ca indriyoM kA niyaMtraNa (2728), kezaloMca (28-29), SaT Avazyaka (29-31), (i) sAmAyika (31), (ii) stuti (31-32), (iii) vaMdanA (32 (VI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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33), (iv) pratikramaNa (33-34), (v) pratyAkhyAna (34), (vi) kAyotsarga (34-35), nagnatA (35), anya mUlaguNa (3536), parISaha-unakI gaNanA aura vyAkhyA (36-39), parISaha aura tapa meM bheda (39-40), tapa kA svarUpa aura prakAra (40-41), bAhya tapa (41-45), aMtaraMga tapa (4546), dhyAna kA sAmAnya svarUpa aura usake prakAra (4648), Arta-dhyAna (48-50), raudra-dhyAna (50-51), prazasta dhyAna kI pUrva AvazyakatAe~ (51-52), dharma-dhyAna (52-54), zukla-dhyAna (54-56), muni ke AdhyAtmika maraNa ke prakAra (56-57), (i) bhaktapratijJA-maraNa (57-58), (ii) iMginI-maraNa (58-59), (iii) prAyopagamana-maraNa (59) / jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva 60-112 pUrva adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (60), tattvamImAMsA, AcAra aura rahasyavAda (60-61), rahasyavAda kA svarUpa (61-64), tIna prakAra kI AtmA kA nirUpaNa (ka) bahirAtmA (64), (kha) antarAtmA (65), tIna prakAra kI antarAtmA (65-66), (ga) paramAtmA (66), rahasyavAdI mArga (67), rahasyavAdI aura tattvamImAMsaka (67-70), (1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla yA mithyAtva guNasthAna (70-72), mithyAtva ke prakAra (72-73), naitika, bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa (74-76), (2) samyagdarzana kI utpatti yA AtmajAgrati yA aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna (76-77), sarvocca guru ke rUpa meM arihaMta (77-78), arihaMta kI doharI bhUmikA (VII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(78-79), guru ke rUpa meM AcArya (79-80), upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI vizeSatAe~ (80), AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa yA AtmajAgrati (samyagdarzana) (80-81), samyaktva (AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa) ke prakAra aura nimna guNasthAnoM meM girane kI saMbhAvanA udAharaNArtha -(ka) sAsAdana guNasthAna aura (kha) mizra guNasthAna (81-83), AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa yA AtmajAgrati (samyagdarzana ) ke pazcAt rahasyavAdI yAtrA ke lie AvazyakatAe~ (83-85), (3) zuddhIkaraNa yA (ka) viratAvirata guNasthAna (kha) pramattavirata guNasthAna (85-86), muni kI vizeSatAe~ (87-88), svAdhyAya ke prakAra (88), Agama cAra anuyogoM ke rUpa meM (88-89), svAdhyAya kA mahattva (89-91), bhakti kA svarUpa (92-94), bhakti ke prakAra (94-96), bhakti kA mahattva (96), jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga ke rUpa meM solaha prakAra kI bhAvanAe~ (97-99), uccArohaNa se pUrva kI prakriyA (99), (4) jyotipUrNa avasthA yA (ka) sAtizaya apramatta (kha) apUrvakaraNa (ga) anivRttikaraNa (gha) sUkSmasAmparAya (Ga) upazAntakaSAya aura (ca) kSINakaSAya guNasthAna (100-101), (5) jyotipUrNa avasthA ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kAla (101-103), (6) lokAtIta jIvana yA (ka) sayogakevalI guNasthAna aura (kha) ayogakevalI guNasthAna (103-105), paramAtmA kI dhAraNA (105-106), arihaMta kI vizeSatAe~ (106109), 'pAvana' zreNI ke rUpa meM arihaMta (109-110), (VIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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siddhAvasthA yA utkRSTa lokAtIta jIvana (110-111), siddha kI vizeSatAe~ (111-112) / sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 113-115 8. khaNDa-3 jaina aura jainetara bhAratIya AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta jaina aura pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM ke prakAra jaina AcAra aura vartamAna samasyAe~ sArAMza khaNDa-1 (prakAzita) jaina AcAra kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi jaina AcAra kA tAttvika AdhAra samyagdarzana aura sAta tattva gRhastha kA AcAra (IX) For Personal & Private Use Only

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prakAzakIya jainadharma evaM darzana ke adhyetAoM ke lie DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI dvArA likhita pustaka 'Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' ke hindI-anuvAda 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' kA prakAzana karate hue atyanta harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| - digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI kI prabandhakAriNI kameTI dvArA san 1982 meM 'jainavidyA saMsthAna' kI sthApanA kI gyii| . yaha saMsthAna san 1947 meM sthApita 'sAhitya zodha saMsthAna' kA vikasita rUpa hai| usa samaya isakI sthApanA meM sva. paNDita cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha, jayapura kI preraNA va tatkAlIna maMtrI zrI rAmacandrajI khindUkA kA prayAsa rahA hai| jainavidyA saMsthAna jainadharma-darzana evaM saMskRti kI bahuAyAmI dRSTi ko sAmAnyajana evaM vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta karane ke lie satata prayatnazIla hai| isa uddezya kI pUrti ke upakrama meM saMsthAna dvArA aneka mahattvapUrNa pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA gyaa| udAharaNArtha- jaina purANakoza', 'AdipurANa' (sacitra), bhaktAmara' (sacitra), 'parama puruSArtha ahiMsA', 'pravacana prakAza', 'solahakAraNa bhAvanA-viveka', 'arhata pravacana', 'jaina bhajana saurabha', 'dyAnata bhajana saurabha', 'daulata bhajana For Personal & Private Use Only

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saurabha', 'budhaz2ana bhajana saurabha', 'bhUdhara bhajana saurabha', 'bhAgacanda bhajana saurabha', 'jaina nyAya kI bhUmikA', 'nyAya dIpikA', 'nyAya-mandira', 'dravyasaMgraha', 'AcArya kundakunda : dravyavicAra', 'samayasAra', syAdvAda : eka anuzIlana' Adi kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai jinameM jainadharmadarzana ke siddhAntoM, usake sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko sarala sahaja rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usI krama meM 'jainavidyA saMsthAna dvArA 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| . . saMsthAna se zodha-patrikA ke rUpa meM 'jainavidyA' kA prakAzana kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM saMsthAna ke mAdhyama se jainadharma-darzana evaM saMskRti kA adhyApana patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA rahA hai jisakA . lAbha deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM rahanevAle loga uThA rahe haiN| 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' meM dasa adhyAya haiM jinameM jaina AcAra ke vibhinna AyAmoM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| hamArA vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka sAmAnyajana evaM vidvAnoM ke lie AdhArabhUta pustaka ke rUpa meM upayogI hogI aura jainadharma-darzana ke adhyayanArthiyoM ke lie vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM pAThyakrama ke rUpa meM calAyI jA skegii| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI jo deza-videza ke khyAtilabdha vidvAna haiM aura digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI kI prabandhakAriNI kameTI ke sadasya haiM, unhoMne apane dvArA likhita aMgrejI pustaka ke hindI anuvAda kA svayaM hI sampAdana karake anuvAda ko prAmANika banA diyA hai| isake lie hama apanI gauravapUrNa prasannatA vyakta karate haiN| DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina, adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI ne jainadharma-darzana ke (XII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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vibhinna AyAmoM ko ujAgara karane vAlI isa cirapratIkSita pustaka kA prAkkathana likhakara jo garimA pradAna kI hai usake lie hama unake AbhArI haiN| jainavidyA saMsthAna-apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI meM kAryarata zrImatI zakuntalA jaina ne hindI-anuvAda karake hindI-jagata ke svAdhyAyiyoM aura jaina AcAra ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie yaha pustaka upalabdha karavAyI, isake lie ve dhanyavAda kI pAtra haiN| prastuta pustaka ke dasa adhyAyoM meM se cAra adhyAya khaNDa-1 ke rUpa meM prakAzita kie jA cuke haiN| aba pA~cavA~ aura chaThA adhyAya khaNDa-2 ke rUpa meM prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| pustaka prakAzana meM saMsthAna ke sahayogI kAryakartA evaM mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, jayapura dhanyavAdAha haiN| .. prakAzacandra jaina narezakumAra seThI . maMtrI adhyakSa 14.01.2011 . prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (XIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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prAkkathana eka hI AcAra ko jainAcAryoM ne do bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake : samajhAyA hai- gRhasthAcAra aura muni-aacaar| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI kI prastuta kRti-'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' ke prathama khaNDa meM hamane gRhasthAcAra ke sambandha meM jAnakArI prApta kii| aba dvitIya khaNDa meM muni-AcAra kA vivecana kiyA jA rahA hai| lekhaka kA prastutIkaraNa yahA~ bhI vaisA hI atyanta vyApaka evaM niSpakSa hone se hRdayagrAhya banA huA hai| muni-AcAra kA vivecana karate hue lekhaka ne usakI preraka dvAdazAnuprekSAoM se prAraMbha karake aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM aura caudaha guNasthAnoM taka kA vistRta svarUpa prastuta kiyA hai, kintu sarvAdhika bala jisa bAta para diyA hai vaha hai- rhsyvaad| tathA maiM samajhatA hU~ ki yahI eka isa kRti kI sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa vizeSatA hai| .. bahuta se loga (kucha vidvAna taka bhI) rahasyavAda ko samajha nahIM pAte, khAsa taura se jaina-AcAra ke sAtha to bilkula hI nahIM samajha pAte, apitu virodha-sA vyakta karane lagate haiM; jabaki yaha jainaAcArazAstra kA eka bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa pakSa/viSaya hai, jise samajhanA atyanta Avazyaka hai| Avazyaka hI nahIM, anivArya hai| ise samajhe binA jaina-AcArazAstra ko pUrNata:/samIcInata: nahIM samajhA jA sktaa| For Personal & Private Use Only

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prazna hai ki rahasyavAda kahate kise haiM? to isa sambandha meM lekhaka kA spaSTa kahanA hai ki- "jainadharma meM rahasyavAda kA samAnArthaka zabda 'zuddhopayoga' hai| kundakunda ke anusAra bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai|" isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki rahasyavAda AtmAnubhUti, Atmadarzana, AtmasAkSAtkAra yA AtmalInatA kI vacana-agocara sthiti kA hI apara nAma hai jise AcAryoM ne samAdhi, yoga, tattvopalabdhi, vItarAgasvasaMvedana, dhyAna, nirvikalpa AtmadhyAna, zuddhopayoga Adi aneka anya zabdoM se bhI kahA hai| DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye ne 'paramAtmaprakAza kI prastAvanA meM ise hI 'gUDhavAda' zabda se bhI sUcita kiyA hai| - jainadarzana meM sarvatra hI isa sthiti kA bar3A mahattva mAnA gayA hai| nizcayadharma kA prArambha vastutaH isI dazA se mAnA gayA hai| prArambha hI nahIM, vikAsa evaM pUrNatA bhI paramArthataH isI avasthA se mAnI gayI hai| AcAryoM ne spaSTa zabdoM meM kahA hai-'dharmaH zuddhopayogaH syaat'| arthAt dharma to vastutaH zuddhopayoga hai, zeSa usakI pUraka samasta kriyAoM ko kAraNa meM kArya kA upacAra karake 'dharma' kahA jAtA hai| 1. jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta, khaNDa-2, pRSTha 62 * 2. "sAmyaM svAsthyaM samAdhizca yogshcetonirodhnm| zuddhopayoga ityete bhvntyekaarthvaackaaH||" -padmanandipaJcaviMzatikA, ekatvasaptati adhikAra, 64 3. "yaha nizcita hai ki jaina gUr3havAda sabhI ko vizeSa rocaka mAlUma hogaa|" -paramAtmaprakAza, aMgrejI prastAvanA kA hindI sAra, pRSTha 106 (The Jain mysticism is sure to be all the more interesting -Page 2) (XV) For Personal & Private Use Only

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isa prakAra zuddhopayoga arthAt rahasyavAda kA jainAcAra ke sAtha bar3A hI gaharA sambandha siddha hotA hai, kyoMki samasta jainAcAra kI antima pariNati anivArya rUpa se rahasyavAda/zuddhopayoga meM honA Avazyaka hai| usake binA vaha apUrNa hI rahA mAnA jaaegaa| ise hama isaprakAra bhI kaha sakate haiM ki sampUrNa AcAra kA . pAlana vastuta: rahasyAtmaka jIvana (zuddhopayoga) kI prApti ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai, usakA anya koI prayojana nahIM hotaa| AcAra sAdhana hai aura rahasyavAda sAdhyA sAdhana tabhI sAdhana hai jaba vaha sAdhya kI prApti karAe aura sAdhya bhI isIlie sAdhya hai kyoMki vaha sAdhanoM dvArA prApta kiyA jAtA hai| niSkarSa yaha huA ki jainAcAra aura rahasyavAda kA pArasparika ghaniSTha sambandha hai, inako eka dUsare se alaga nahIM kiyA jA sakatAna to samajhane ke stara para hI aura na pAlane ke stara para hii| ___ DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI kI prastuta kRti isIlie stutya hai kyoMki isameM jainAcAra ke isa mahattvapUrNa pakSa ko pada-pada para bar3I hI sAvadhAnI ke sAtha spaSTa karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| jainAcArazAstra ke adhyetAoM se yaha pakSa prAyaH chUTa jAtA hai| DaoN. sogANI jI kI isa kRti se hama sabhI ko AcArazAstra evaM rahasyavAda ke pArasparika sambandha ko samajhane kI preraNA lenI caahie| - vIrasAgara jaina (XVI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sampAdakIya rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA san 1961 meM pIeca. DI. kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha prabandha Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' pustaka rUpa meM san 1967 meM DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye aura DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina kI dekha-rekha meM jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, solApura se prakAzita huaa| isakA dUsarA saMskaraNa san 2001 meM prakAzita hai| yaha pustaka videzoM meM, pUrvI va dakSiNI bhArata meM adhyayanArtha atyadhika rUpa se prayoga meM aaii| lagabhaga 43 varSa taka aMgrejI jagata ke adhyayanArthiyoM ne isakA bharapUra upayoga kiyaa| DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye likhate haiM- "The Dharmamrta of Asadhara (1240A.D.) is perhaps a fine attempt to propound the twofold discipline in one unit. The Jaina literature abounds in treatises dealing with the life of a monk, and for a handy survey of which one can consult the History of Jaina Monachism by S. B. Deo (Deccan College, Poona 1956). A Critica! and historical study of the discipline prescribed for a householder is found in that excellent monograph, the Jaina Yoga by R. Williams (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1963). In the present volume (1967) Dr. K. C. Sogani has attempted an admirable survey of the entire range of the ethical doctrines in jainism . He has given us an exhaustive For Personal & Private Use Only

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study of the ethical doctrines in jainism, presenting his details is an authentic manner." arthAt "AzAdhara kA dharmAmRta (1240 IsvI) do prakAra ke AcAra-dharma ko eka ikAI meM prastuta karane kA saMbhavataH sundara prayAsa hai| jaina sAhitya meM sAdhu ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita zodha-prabandha pracura mAtrA meM haiN| saMkSipta sarvekSaNa ke lie koI bhI vyakti S. B. Deo dvArA likhita 'History of Jaina Monachism' (Deccan College, Poona 1956) kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| gRhasthoM ke lie pratipAdita AcAra-dharma kA AlocanAtmaka aura .. aitihAsika adhyayana Ara. viliyamsa dvArA likhita jaina yoga (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1963) nAmaka uttama nibandha meM prApta hotA hai| prastuta kRti (1967) meM DaoN. ke. sI. sogANI ne jainadharma ke AcAra-sambandhI siddhAntoM ke sampUrNa AyAmoM kA utkRSTa sarvekSaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne jainadharma ke AcAra-sambandhI siddhAntoM ko prAmANika rIti se pradarzita karate hue unakA sarvAGgapUrNa adhyayana hameM pradAna kiyaa|" 12 aprela san 1971 ko pro. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne likhAApake dvArA bhejI gayI "Ethical Doctrines in Jainism" milii| kheda hai itanI acchI pustaka maiM aba taka nahIM dekha skaa| ApakI yaha pustaka jaina AcAra viSaya ko lekara antara aura bAhya sabhI pahaluoM kI carcA se saMpanna hai| Apane muni aura gRhastha ke AcAroM kA nirUpaNa to kiyA hI hai, kintu jaina tattvajJAna ke sAtha usakA kyA saMbaMdha haiusakA bhI sundara vivecana kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu bhUmikA rUpa meM vaidika paramparA ke AcAra ke prakAza meM jaina AcAra ko dekhane kA jo prayatna hai, vaha ApakI painI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| sAtha hI misTIsijhma aura bhaktivAda kA jaina AcAra ke sAtha kisa prakAra mela hai tathA (XVIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pAzcAtya dezoM meM jo AcAra-saMbaMdhI vicAraNA huI hai usake sandarbha meM bhI Apane jaina AcAra ko dekhA hai vaha ApakI apanI sUjha hai aura vaha Apa tattvajJAna ke vidyArthI hone se acchI taraha kara sake haiM- isameM sandeha nahIM hai| . isa pustaka ke hindI-anuvAda kI carcA kAphI samaya se cala rahI thii| jainavidyA saMsthAna-apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI kI kAryakartA zrImatI zakuntalA jaina ne isake hindI-anuvAda karane kI icchA prakaTa kii| pichale 19 varSoM se ve saMsthAna-akAdamI meM kAryarata haiN| prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI unakI yogyatA sarAhanIya hai| unakI utkaTa icchA ko dekhakara maiMne unako isa pustaka kA hindI anuvAda karane kI anumati pradAna kara dI aura usakA sampAdana karanA maiMne svIkAra kiyaa| hamAre sAgraha nivedana para pro. (DaoN.) vIrasAgara jaina, adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI ne isake prAkkathana likhane kI svIkRti pradAna karane kI kRpA kii| isake lie hama unake atyanta AbhArI haiN| - isa pustaka ko tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| prathama cAra adhyAya (1) jaina AcAra kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi (2) jaina AcAra kA tAttvika AdhAra (3) samyagdarzana aura sAta tattva (4) gRhastha kA AcAra - ye eka khaNDa meM rakhe gaye haiN| anya do adhyAya (5) muni kA AcAra (6) jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva - ye dvitIya khaNDa meM rakhe gaye haiN| (7) jaina aura jainetara bhAratIya AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (8) jaina aura pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM ke prakAra (9) jaina AcAra aura vartamAna samasyAe~ (10) sArAMza - ye tRtIya khaNDa meM rakhe gaye haiN| (XIX) For Personal & Private Use Only

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prathama khaNDa kI kucha mahattvapUrNa bAteM isa prakAra haiM prathama, jainadharma apane udgama ke lie RSabhadeva kA RNI hai jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama haiM / IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM aise vyakti the jo prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA karate the| niHsandeha jainadharma mahAvIra yA pArzvanAtha ke pahale bhI pracalita thaa| jaina AcAra apane udbhava meM mAgadhIya hai| dvitIya, sampUrNa jaina AcAra vyavahAra meM ahiMsA kI ora unmukha hai| gRhastha ke AcAra kA varNana karane ke lie vyApaka paddhati haigRhasthAcAra ko pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana meM vibhAjita karanA / sallekhanA kI prakriyA kA AtmaghAta se bheda kiyA jAnA caahie| sallekhanA samaya grahaNa kI jAtI hai jaba ki zarIra vyakti kI AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa karane meM asaphala ho jAtA hai aura jaba mRtyu kA Agamana nirvivAda rUpa se nizcita ho jAtA hai, kintu AtmaghAta bhAvAtmaka azAnti ke kAraNa jIvana meM kisI bhI samaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| tRtIya, jaina tattvamImAMsA jaina AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta ke pratipAdana kA AdhAra hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta tAttvika dRSTi anekAntavAda yA anirapekSavAda ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| jainadarzana kI dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki darzana meM nirapekSavAda naitika cintana kA vinAzaka hai, kyoMki nirapekSavAda sadaiva cintana kI prAganubhavika pravRtti para AdhArita hotA hai jo anubhava se bahuta dUra hai| ahiMsA kI dhAraNA jo jaina AcAra ke kSetra se saMbaMdhita hai, padArthoM ke tAttvika svabhAva kA tArkika pariNAma hai| (XX) For Personal & Private Use Only

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caturtha, jainadharma kevala AcAra aura tattvamImAMsA hI nahIM hai balki adhyAtmavAda bhI hai| yaha isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki jaina AcAryoM dvArA nirantara samyagdarzana (AdhyAtmika jAgrati) kI vAstavika upalabdhi para jora diyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kI pRSThabhUmi ke binA sampUrNa jaina AcAra cAhe gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA, pUrNatayA nirjIva hai| dvitIya khaNDa kI mahattvapUrNa bAteM isa prakAra haiM munidharma kriyA jagata se nahIM balki hiMsA jagata se pIche haTanA hai| vAstava meM kriyA tyAgI nahIM jAtI hai lekina kriyA kA lokAtIta svarUpa sAMsArika svarUpa kA sthAna le letA hai| munidharma kA AcaraNa jo samyagdarzana sahita zubha bhAvoM se sambandhita hotA hai manda kaSAya ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika bAdhAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ahiMsA kI pUrNa anubhUti ko roka detA hai| niHsandeha muni jIvana isa anubhUti ke lie pUrNa bhUmikA pradAna karatA hai lekina isakA sampUrNa anubhava kevala rahasyAtmaka anubhUti kI paripUrNatA meM hI saMbhava hotA hai| jainadharma meM 'rahasyavAda' kA samAnArthaka zabda 'zuddhopayoga' hai| kundakunda ke anusAra bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai arthAt bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA paramAtmA kI parA-naitika avasthA ko prApta karanA rahasyavAda hai| yadi rahasyavAdI kI paddhati anubhava aura antarjJAna hai to tattvamImAsaMka kI paddhati kevala vicAraNA hai| rahasyavAdI mArga ko nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata rakhA gayA hai, udAharaNArtha.. (1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla (2) AtmajAgrati aura usase patana (3) zuddhIkaraNa (4) jyotipUrNa avasthA (5) jyoti ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kAla aura (6) lokAtIta jiivn| (XXI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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mujhe likhate hue harSa hai ki DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina ke preraNAprada protsAhana va mArgadarzana ne tathA zrImatI zakuntalA jaina kI kAryaniSThA ne mere sampAdana-kArya ko sugama banA diyA, phalasvarUpa isakA khaNDa-1.. evaM khaNDa-2 prakAzana ke lie taiyAra ho sakA; ataH maiM inakA atyanta . AbhArI huuN| maiM vizeSatayA DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hU~ jinhoMne isa pustaka ko AdyopAnta akSarazaH par3hA, bahumUlya sujhAva die aura isakA prAkkathana likhane kI svIkRti pradAna kara anugRhIta kiyaa| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI nidezaka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (XXII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAmAnya sampAdakIya AcAra jainadharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai| isake do prayojana haiM- prathama, yaha AdhyAtmika zuddhi utpanna karatA hai aura dvitIya, yaha vyakti ko yogya sAmAjika prANI banAtA hai; jisase vaha uttaradAyitvapUrNa evaM sadvyavahAravAlA par3ausI bana ske| (1) pahalA prayojana karma ke jaina siddhAnta se utpanna hotA hai; jo svacAlitarUpa se kriyAzIla niyama hai; jisase karma-vidhAna ke antargata pratyeka vyakti ko usake svayaM ke vicAroM, zabdoM aura kriyAoM kA zubha yA azubha phala avazya milatA hai| karma ke isa niyama meM IzvarIya hastakSepa ko koI sthAna nahIM hai, yahA~ Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaha na to sAMsArika prANiyoM ko prasAda pradAna kara sakatA hai aura na hI daNDa de sakatA hai| ni:sandeha yaha eka sAhasika dRSTikoNa hai jo jainadharma meM buniyAdI taura para pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai jisake kAraNa vyakti nizcaya hI apane bhAgya kA svayaM nirmAtA hotA hai| karma eka sUkSma 'pudgala' yA 'UrjA' kA eka prakAra mAnA gayA hai jo vicAroM, zabdoM aura kriyAoM ke phalasvarUpa AtmA ko prabhAvita karatA hai| vAstava meM pratyeka AtmA anAdikAla se karmoM ke prabhAva meM hai| pratyeka vyakti atIta ke karmoM ke phaloM kA anubhava karatA hai aura naye karma bA~dhatA hai| isa taraha se kriyA aura usake phala kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| kevala anuzAsanAtmaka jIvana jIne se vyakti karmoM se chuTakArA pA sakatA hai| isa taraha se jaba AtmA pUrNatayA karmoM se mukta ho jAtA hai to yahI AdhyAtmika mukti kahI jAtI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

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(2) dUsarA prayojana sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samAnatA kA dRSTikoNa vikasita karane ke lie prerita karatA hai aura yaha eka vyakti aura usakI saMpatti ke prati bhI pavitra dRSTikoNa utpanna karatA hai| yaha AcAra jainadharma meM zreNIbaddha rUpa se varNita hai| yaha vyakti ke lie prastAvita karatA hai ki vaha AcAra kA niSkapaTa rUpa se pAlana kre| isa AcAra kA AdhAra ahiMsA kA siddhAnta hai| yaha vyakti ke svAbhAvika adhikAra kI svIkRti hai, jisako yaha kahakara sArvajanika rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vyakti jInA cAhatA hai, koI bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| isalie dUsare prANiyoM ko naSTa karane yA nukasAna pahu~cAne kA kisI ko bhI adhikAra nahIM hai; usa rUpa meM vicAra karane para ahiMsA susaMskRta aura vivekapUrNa jIvana kA mUlabhUta niyama hai aura isa taraha yaha jainadharma ke samasta naitika zikSaNa kA AdhAra bana jAtA hai| "na kisI ko mAranA aura na hI kisI ko nukasAna pahu~cAnA aise Adeza kA nirdhAraNa mAnava ke AdhyAtmika itihAsa meM mahAna ghaTanA hai|" yaha bAta 'alabarTa svAiTajara' ke dvArA (Indian Thoughts and its Development London 1951, pp. 82-3) ucitarUpa se kahI gayI hai| "jahA~ taka hamako jJAta hai yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se prathama bAra jainadharma meM abhivyakta kI gayI hai|" jaina nItizAstrI pUrNarUpa se isa bAta se paricita haiM ki ImAnadAra aura sudRr3ha ahiMsAvAdI vyakti ko vyAvahArika kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| ve samajha cuke haiM ki jainadharma ne sacetana prANiyoM ko jaivika vijJAna ke anurUpa zreNIbaddha rUpa se vyavasthita kiyA hai| isakA uddezya vyakti ko kisI bhI uccazreNIvAle jIva ko mArane aura nukasAna pahu~cAne se paraheja karane ke yogya banAnA hai aura (XXIV) For Personal & Private Use Only

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aMtima rUpa se yaha batAnA hai ki vyakti nimna zreNIvAle jIva ko bhI nukasAna pahu~cAne se paraheja kre| yaha bAta hI paryApta nahIM hai ki hama kevala vyakti ke jIvana ke prati sammAna prakaTa kareM, kintu hameM usake vyaktitva aura usakI saMpatti kI pavitratA ko bhI anivArya rUpa se Adara denA caahie| yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vratoM ke sAra ko vyakta karatA hai jo isa prakAra varNita haiM - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| ye aNuvrata kahalAte haiM jaba gRhasthoM ke lie batAe jAte haiM aura jaba yathArtharUpa se sAdhuoM dvArA pAlana kiye jAte haiM to mahAvrata kahalAte haiN| inakA adhyayana yaha batAtA hai ki "ve eka dUsare para Azrita aura eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN|" yaha bAta benIprasAda dvArA vicArottejaka nibandha (World Problems and Jaina Ethics, Lahore 1945, pp. 17-18) meM acchI prakAra se kahI gayI hai| "jaba kisI eka vrata kA mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM ke lie upayoga kiyA jAtA hai to tArkikarUpa se dUsare vrata bhI isameM A jAte haiN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA hai to vAstava meM dUsare vratoM ke binA koI bhI vrata apane Apa meM nirarthaka siddha hogaa| una vratoM meM se prathama arthAt ahiMsA mukhya mAnI gayI hai| yaha (ahiMsA) samasta ucca jIvana kA AdhAra hai, jaina aura bauddha naitika niyamoM meM yaha . (ahiMsA) mAnavatAvAda se adhika vyApaka hai, kyoMki isake antargata sampUrNa sacetana sRSTi samAviSTa hai| ahiMsA kI taraha asteya aura aparigraha dikhane meM niSedhAtmaka haiM, kintu vAstava meM prayoga meM vidheyAtmaka haiN| pA~coM aNuvrata milakara jIvana kI naitika aura AdhyAtmika dhAraNA kA nirmANa karate haiN| ye sva-utkarSa ke mahAna siddhAnta ke prati niSThA vyakta karate haiN| inheM mUlyoM kA utkarSIkaraNa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai|" (XXV) For Personal & Private Use Only

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jainadharma meM jIvana-caryA do prakAra se prastAvita kI gaI hai| eka jIvana-caryA to sAdhu ke lie hai jisane sAMsArika baMdhanoM ko tor3a diyA hai aura dUsarI gRhastha ke lie hai jisake Upara kaI sAmAjika uttaradAyitva haiN| sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM ke karttavyoM ke pratipAdana ke lie jainadharma meM atyadhika mAtrA meM sAhitya vikasita huA hai| AdhArabhUta nirdezana aura daNDAtmaka niyaMtraNa ne sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM ko samyakcAritra para calane ke lie sahAyatA kI hai| AzAdhara kA dharmAmRta (1240 IsvI ke bAda), do prakAra ke AcAra ko eka ikAI meM prastuta karane kA saMbhavataH sundara prayAsa hai| jaina sAhitya meM sAdhu ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita zodhaprabandha pracura mAtrA meM haiN| saMkSipta sarvekSaNa ke lie koI bhI vyakti S. B. Deo dvArA likhita (History of Jaina Monachism, Deccan College, Poona 1956) kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| gRhasthoM ke lie pratipAdita AcAra kA AlocanAtmaka aura aitihAsika adhyayana Ara. viliyamsa dvArA likhita jaina yoga (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1963) nAmaka uttama nibandha meM prApta hotA hai| isake lie koI bhI vyakti dUsare srota jaise-vasunandi zrAvakAcAra (saMpAdaka hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa 1952), upAsakAdhyayana (saMpAdaka kailAzacandra zAstrI, banArasa 1964), aura ema. mehatA dvArA likhita jaina AcAra (vArANasI 1966) kA bhI adhyayana kara sakatA hai| prastuta kRti meM DaoN. ke. sI. sogANI ne jainadharma ke AcArasambandhI siddhAntoM ke sampUrNa AyAmoM kA utkRSTa sarvekSaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina AcAra kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi para kucha TippaNiyA~ prastuta karane ke pazcAt (I) ve tAttvika AdhAra ko vistAra se prastuta karate haiM jisa para jaina AcAra kA bhavana vistRtarUpa se nirmita hai (II-III) (XXVI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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usake pazcAt gRhasthoM aura muniyoM kA AcAra vistArapUrvaka varNita hai (IV-V) jaina AcAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mArga dikhAtA hai, isalie usakA rahasyAtmaka mahattva hai (VI) yadyapi jainadharma kI apanI svayaM kI vizeSatAe~ haiM phira bhI jaina aura ajaina ke naitika siddhAntoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se nizcaya hI lAbhakArI pariNAma utpanna hote haiM (VII) jaina AcAra siddhAntoM kA dUragAmI sAmAjika tAtparya hai aura unakA Adhunika samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM adhyayana kiyA jAnA upayukta hai| jainadharma ke tIna siddhAnta- ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta yadi ucita rUpa se samajhe jAe~ aura unako vyavahAra meM kriyAnvita kiyA jAya to ve kisI bhI vyakti ko aise sammAnanIya nAgarika banA sakate haiM, jo apanI jIvana dRSTi meM mAnavIya hote haiM aura parigraha vRtti se anAsakta hote hai aura apanI mAnasika sthiti meM uccakoTi ke buddhisampanna aura sahanazIla hote haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki DaoN. sogANI ne hameM jainadharma ke AcAra-sambandhI siddhAntoM ko prAmANika rIti se pradarzita karate hue unakA sarvAGpUrNa adhyayana pradAna kiyA hai| __ DaoN. sogANI kI prastuta kRti mUla rUpa se vahI zodhaprabandha hai jo rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca. DI kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta kI gayI thii| yaha unakA atyadhika sneha thA ki unhoMne jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA meM prakAzana ke lie usako hamArI vyavasthA meM sauNpaa| - sAmAnya sampAdaka hone ke nAte hama TrasTa kameTI ke sadasyoM aura prabandha samiti ko aise prakAzanoM ke vAste vitta-prabandha ke lie mana se dhanyavAda arpita karate haiN| isa bAta kI AzA kI jAtI hai ki isa prakAra 'jaina AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM kA sarvApUrNa pratipAdana bhAratIya dhArmika ciMtana (XXVII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie jainadharma ko samIcIna rUpa se samajhane ke yogya banA degaa| hameM yahA~ likhate hue atyadhika duHkha hai ki zrI gulAbacanda hIrAcandajI kA 22. 1. 67 ko nidhana ho gyaa| ve TrasTa kameTI ke adhyakSa the aura unhoMne graMthamAlA kI pragati meM tIvra ruci darzAyI / sAmAnya sampAdakoM ne unameM nihita upakAritA kI nidhi ko tathA uccakoTi ke udAratAvAda ko kho diyaa| unake kAraNa adhikatara hamAre prakAzanoM kI nIti kI rUparekhA taiyAra huii| yaha hamAre lie saMtoSa kI bAta hai ki unake pazcAt unake bhAI zrI lAlacaMda hIrAcaMdajI hamAre adhyakSa bne| seTha zrI lAlacaMdajI gatizIla preraNA ke lie prasiddha haiM, unakI yaha preraNA, hama AzA karate haiM ki, saMgha kI gatividhiyoM meM navIna utsAha bhara degii| hama mana se dhanyavAda karate haiM zrI vAlacanda devIcandrajI aura zrI mANakacanda vIracandajI kA jo ina prakAzanoM meM sakriya ruci le rahe haiN| unake sahayoga aura sahAyatA ke binA sAmAnya saMpAdakoM ke lie vividha prakAra ke prakAzanoM ko saMpAdita karanA kaThina hotA / kolhApura e. ena. upAdhye (XXVIII) jabalapura eca. ela. jaina For Personal & Private Use Only

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prastAvanA prastuta kRti mUlataH vahI zodhaprabandha hai jo rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca. DI kI upAdhi ke lie san 1961 meM svIkRta kI gayI thI / isa kRti meM sarvaprathama yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki sampUrNa jaina AcAra vyavahAra meM ahiMsA kI ora unmukha hai| jainAcAryoM ke dvArA ahiMsA kI paripUrNa anubhUti ko mAnava jIvana kA uccatama Adarza samajhA gayA hai| ahiMsA jainadharma meM itanI pramukha hai ki ise jainadharma kA prAraMbha aura aMta kahA jA sakatA hai| samantabhadrAcArya kA kathana hai ki "sabhI prANiyoM kI ahiMsA paramabrahma kI anubhUti ke samAna hai|" yaha kathana ahiMsA ke uccatama svabhAva ko prakAzita karatA hai| ahiMsA kA Adarza kramikarUpa se anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| jo vyakti ahiMsA kA AMzikarUpa (Partially) se pAlana karane ke yogya hotA hai vaha gRhastha kahalAtA hai aura jo ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpa (Completely) se pAlana karatA hai, yadyapi paripUrNarUpa ( Perfectly) se nahIM kara pAtA vaha saMnyAsI yA muni kahA gayA hai| niHsandeha muniyoM kA jIvana ahiMsA ke anubhava 'ke lie pUrA AdhAra pradAna karatA hai, kintu isakA paripUrNarUpa se anubhava kevala AdhyAtmika (rahasyAtmaka) anubhava kI pUrNatA meM hI saMbhava hai jo ki arhat avasthA kahI jAtI hai| isa prakAra gRhastha aura muni do pahiye haiM jisa para jaina AcArarUpI gAr3I bilakula AsAnI se calatI hai| jaina AcAryoM ko yaha zreya prApta . hai ki unhoMne ina do AcAroM ko apanI dRSTi meM sadaiva rkhaa| unhoMne kabhI bhI eka-dUsare ke karttavyoM kA ghAlamela karane yA unako gaDDamaDDa karane For Personal & Private Use Only

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kA samarthana nahIM kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne jainadharma meM gRhasthaAcAra ko utanI hI spaSTatA se vikasita kiyA jitanI spaSTatA se muni-AcAra vikasita kiyA gyaa| munipravRtti se abhibhUta hokara jainadharma ne gRhastha-AcAra kI upekSA nahIM kii| aNuvratoM ke siddhAnta ko vikasita karane ke kAraNa jainadharma ne aisA mArga dikhA diyA hai jisa para gRhastha apanI jIvana-yAtrA saphalatApUrvaka calA sakatA hai| aNuvratoM kA siddhAnta bhAratIya cintana ko jainadharma kA advitIya yogadAna dvitIya, yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jaina tattvamImAMsA jaina nItiparaka siddhAnta ke pratipAdana kA AdhAra hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta tAttvika dRSTi anekAntavAda yA anirapekSavAda ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| dravya ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie jaina dArzanika nirapekSa dRSTikoNa kA anumodana nahIM karate haiN| jainadarzana kI dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki darzana meM nirapekSavAda naitika cintana kA vinAzaka hai, kyoMki nirapekSavAda sadaiva cintana kI prAganubhavika pravRtti para AdhArita hotA hai jo anubhava se bahuta dUra hai| isa dRSTi se samantabhadra kA kathana mahattvapUrNa hai| unake anusAra baMdhana aura mokSa, puNya aura pApa kI jo dhAraNA hai vaha apanI prAsaMgikatA kho detI hai yadi hama dravya ke svabhAva ke nirmANa meM kevala nityatA yA anityatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| thor3e se cintana se yaha spaSTa ho jAyegA ki ahiMsA kI dhAraNA jo jaina AcAra ke kSetra se saMbaMdhita hai padArthoM ke tAttvika svabhAva kA tArkika pariNAma hai| tRtIya, yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki adhyAtmavAda meM jaina AcAra kI parAkASThA hai| isa prakAra yadi AcAra kA mUla srota tattvamImAMsA hai to adhyAtmavAda isakI parisamApti hai| AcArazAstra (XXX) For Personal & Private Use Only

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tAttvika cintana aura AdhyAtmika anubhava ko jor3anevAlI kar3I hai| yaha kahanA galata na hogA ki jainadharma kevala AcAra aura tattvamImAMsA hI nahIM hai balki adhyAtmavAda bhI hai| yaha isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki jaina AcAryoM dvArA nirantara samyagdarzana (AdhyAtmika jAgrati) kI vAstavika upalabdhi para jora diyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kI pRSThabhUmi ke binA sampUrNa jaina AcAra cAhe gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA pUrNatayA nirjIva hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa jaina AcAra meM adhyAtmavAda vyApta hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana-patha ke prati gahana niSThA ke kAraNa jainadharma ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha sopAna vikasita kiye haiM jinheM guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| maiMne ina sopAnoM ko nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata sammilita kiyA hai, udAharaNArtha- (1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArapUrNa kAla (AtmA kI aMdhakArapUrNa rAtri), (2) AtmajAgrati (AtmA kA jAgaraNa), (3) AcAra-sambandhI zuddhIkaraNa, (4) prakAza-jyoti, (5) prakAza-jyoti ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kA kAla aura (6) sAmAnya anubhava se pare lokottara jiivn| ina sopAnoM se pare eka avasthA aura hai jise siddha-avasthA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| caturtha, yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jainadharma meM bhakti kI saiddhAntika saMbhAvanA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jainadharma aura bhakti Apasa meM eka dUsare ke virodhI zabda haiM, kyoMki bhakti meM eka aise divya/IzvarIya hastI ke astitva kI pUrva mAnyatA hai jo bhakta kI AkAMkSAoM kA sakriyatA se uttara de sake aura jainadharma meM aisI hastI kI dhAraNA amAnya hai| yaha kahanA satya hai ki jainadharma aisI IzvarIya hastI ke vicAra kA samarthana nahIM karatA hai, lekina jainadharma meM niHsandeha arhat aura siddha, jo ki divya anubhava prApta AtmAe~ haiM, (XXXI) For Personal & Private Use Only

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bhakti ke viSaya ho sakate haiM, kintu ve mAnavIya prArthanAoM ke viSaya hote hue bhI mAnavIya sukha-duHkha se bilakula taTastha rahate haiN| lekina jainadharma ke anusAra arhat yA siddha ke prati bhakti kI preraNA isa bAta se utpanna hotI hai ki unameM se kisI kI bhI bhakti AtmA meM uccatama prakAra ke puNya kA saMcaya karatI hai, jo phalasvarUpa bhautika aura AdhyAtmika lAbha utpanna karatI hai| arhat yA siddha ke prati bhakti ke dvArA hamAre vicAra aura saMvega zuddha hote haiM jisake pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA meM puNya kA saMcaya hotA hai| isa prakAra kA puNya kevala patthara kI pUjA karane se utpanna nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie jainadharma meM arhat aura siddha kI pUjA kA mahattva hai| isa tathya ke kAraNa samantabhadra yaha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki arhat kI ArAdhanA AtmA meM atyadhika puNya kA saMcaya karatI hai| jo usakI bhakti karatA hai vaha samRddhi ko pAtA hai aura jo usakI nindA karatA hai vaha duHkha meM giratA hai| aisA samajhane para sAdhaka ko Izvara (arhat aura siddha) ke alagAva pUrNa vyavahAra ke lie nirAzA kI zvAsa nahIM lenI caahiye| saca to yaha hai ki jo unakI bhakti karate haiM, ve svata: hI unnata ho jAte haiN| aMta meM isa tathya kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA gayA hai ki vAstava meM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha se prApta tAttvika niSkarSoM meM bheda hote hue bhI unake pratipAdakoM ne vastuoM kI asAratA se pare jAne ke lie samAna paddhatiyoM aura yuktiyoM kA sahArA liyA hai| isa prakAra ve manovaijJAnika, AcArazAstrIya aura dhArmika bhAva ke stara para asAdhAraNa rUpa se sahamata haiN| isake sAtha hI maiMne kucha mahattvapUrNa pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM kI bhI AlocanAtmaka dRSTi se parIkSA kI hai| isa kArya ke Ayojana meM jina srotoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai (XXXII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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unake prati pAdaTippaNa meM RNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zabdaza: anuvAda kI apekSA mUla srotoM kA anuvAda karane ke lie bhAva kA adhika dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| prArambha meM hI maiM gaharI kRtajJatA ke bhAva ko abhivyakta karatA hU~ sva. mAsTara motIlAlajI saMghI, jayapura (rAjasthAna) ke prati, jinhoMne na kevala zabdoM se kintu apane jIvana aura cintana ke tarIke se mujhe darzana kI ora modd'aa| AdhyAtmika vyaktiyoM meM maiM unheM ucca zreNI kA mAnatA huuN| vyaktiyoM ko jAti aura mata ke pakSapAta ke binA badalane ke tarIke ke kAraNa aura AdhyAtmika sAhitya ke adhyayana ke prati ruci utpanna karane ke kAraNa ve mujhe sukarAta kI yAda dilAte haiN| paM. cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha, prAcArya, jaina saMskRta kaoNleja, jayapura (rAjasthAna) mere lie sadaiva prakAza aura preraNA ke srota bane rhe| unakA agAdha pANDitya, gaMbhIra ciMtana aura saMta jaisA jIvana mere lie mArgadarzaka bnaa| unake kAraNa hI maiM mUla srotoM ke adhyayana meM lagA rahA aura unako vartamAna rUpa meM prastuta kara skaa| mere lie ve dRr3hatA, dhairya, sAhasa aura akSuNNa utsAha ke pratIka haiN| maiM unakA kitanA RNI hU~- yaha merI abhivyakti se pare hai| maiM pUrNarUpa se kRtajJatA svIkAra karatA hU~ mere suparavAijara DaoN. vI. eca. dAte ke prati, jinake nirdezana aura snehI vyavahAra se vartamAna kArya kara skaa| yahA~ mujhe yaha ullekha karate hue hicakicAhaTa nahIM hai ki unake kAraNa hI maiM merA snAtakottara adhyayana pUrA kara sakA aura darzana meM kaI nayI bAteM sIkha sakA jinako kevala lambe vyaktigata samparka ke kAraNa hI sIkhA jA sakatA hai| maiM unake vAtsalya ko kabhI nahIM bhulA sktaa| DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye jo graMthamAlA ke sAmAnya saMpAdaka hai unake prati merI (XXXIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kRtajJatA kI abhivyakti ke lie zabda aparyApta hai| vividha bauddhika kAryoM ke hote hue bhI unhoMne isa kArya ke prakAzana meM vyaktigata ruci lI aura unhoMne eka se adhika bAra prUphoM kA saMzodhana kiyaa| maiM mana se dhanyavAda arpita karatA hU~ jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA ke TrasTiyoM kA jinhoMne isa kArya ke prakAzana kI vyavasthA kii| maiM atyanta RNI hU~ zrI ... pI. sinhA, prAcArya, Ara. Ara. kaoNleja, alavara (rAjasthAna) kA jinhoMne mujhe aise kAryoM ko karane ke lie sabhI prakAra kI Avazyaka suvidhAe~ pradAna kii| maiM mere mitra zrI bI. Ara. bhaNDArI ko dhanyavAda detA . . . hU~ jinhoMne apanA atyadhika samaya anukramaNikA taiyAra karane meM lgaayaa| isa avasara para mujhe dhanyavAda denA nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye apanI patnI : zrImatI kamalA devI sogANI ko jinhoMne apane bahuta se svArthoM ke tyAga dvArA aura mUla srotoM se sAmagrI nikAlane meM madada dvArA mujhe vyAvahArika protsAhana diyaa| udayapura ke. sI. sogANI 1. 3. 67 (XXXIV) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pA~cavA~ adhyAya muni kA AcAra pUrva adhyAya (prathama khaNDa kA caturtha adhyAya) kA saMkSipta vivaraNa prathama khaNDa ke caturtha adhyAya meM hamane gRhastha ke AcAra kA varNana kiyA hai| prathama, hamane yaha batAyA hai ki gRhastha azubha manobhAvoM ko pUrNatayA haTAne meM asamartha hotA hai| dvitIya, hamane hiMsA, asatya, steya, abrahmacarya aura parigraha ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai aura isase gRhastha ke AMzika vratoM (aNuvratoM) ke kSetra ko jAnane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| tRtIya, mUlaguNoM kI vibhinna dhAraNAoM kA sarvekSaNa karane ke sAtha hI rAtri-bhojana kI samasyA para bhI vicAra prastuta kiyA gayA hai| caturtha, sAta zIlavratoM ke svarUpa aura unakI vibhinna prakAra se kI gaI vyAkhyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| pA~cavA~, uparyukta vratoM se pratimAoM kA sAmaJjasya sthApita karane ke pazcAt gyAraha pratimAoM kI dhAraNA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| chaThA, pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana ke AdhAra se gRhastha ke AcAra kA pratipAdana karate hue mUlaguNoM kI dhAraNAoM, bAraha vratoM, gyAraha pratimAoM aura sallekhanA ko ina tInoM meM suvyavasthita rUpa se sammilita kiyA gayA hai| aMta meM, sallekhanA (mRtyu kA AdhyAtmika svAgata) kA AtmaghAta se bheda karane ke pazcAt usake svarUpa aura usakI prakriyA ko batAyA gayA hai| munidharma kriyAoM se nahIM balki hiMsA se pIche haTanA hai .. gRhastha ke AcAra kA uddezya AMzika rUpa se hiMsA ko kama karanA hai lekina muni ke AcAra kA uddezya aMtima avasthA taka hiMsA Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta . (1) For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke niSedha kA pAlana karanA hai| pUrNa tyAgamaya jIvana (muni-jIvana) azubha bhAvoM ke unmUlana ko saMbhava banAtA hai jo gRhastha ke AMzika tyAga kI sthiti meM saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| munidharma kriyA-jagata se pIche haTanA nahIM balki hiMsA-jagata se pIche haTanA hai| vAstava meM kriyA tyAgI nahIM jAtI hai lekina kriyA kA lokAtIta svarUpa sAMsArika svarUpa kA sthAna le letA hai| munidharma kA AcaraNa jo samyagdarzana sahita zubha bhAvoM se sambandhita hotA hai, manda kaSAya ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika bAdhAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ahiMsA kI pUrNa anubhUti ko roka detA hai| niHsandeha muni-jIvana isa anubhUti ke lie pUrNa bhUmikA pradAna karatA hai lekina isakA sampUrNa anubhava kevala rahasyAtmaka anubhUti kI paripUrNatA meM hI saMbhava hotA hai| sAdhaka jisameM azubha kI samajha isa sImA taka gaharI ho gaI hai ki vaha svayaM kI nimnakoTi kI sthiti ke prati vidroha utpanna karatA hai, phalasvarUpa vaha zanaiH-zanaiH bhoga aura upabhoga kI vastuoM ko aMtima sImA taka tyAga detA hai aura isake kAraNa vairAgya (anAsakti ) kI bhAvanA kA poSaNa karatA hai aura ucca avasthA meM apane mana ko lagAne kA prayAsa karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, ucca jIvana ke prati utsAha ke kAraNa gyAraha pratimAoM meM prastAvita AcaraNa kA pAlana karane ke pazcAt sAdhaka jyoM hI gyArahavIM pratimA pAra karatA hai, vaha pUrNa tyAgamaya jIvana meM praveza karatA hai| niHsandeha yaha satya hai ki pratyeka pratimA para ArohaNa, bAhya aura Antarika, uccAnuzAsana kI tarapha hotA hai, lekina tyAga apane ko usI samaya pUrA vyakta karatA hai jaba sAdhaka AkhirI pratimA meM prastAvita anuzAsana ko pAra kara letA hai| bhoga aura upabhoga kI vastuoM kA zanaiH-zanaiH tyAga karanA yA ucca mArga para calanA AdhyAtmika prerakoM se prApta preraNA ke kAraNa hotA hai| paramparA ke anusAra ye preraka bAraha anuprekSAe~ kahI jAtI (2) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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haiN| ve anivArya rUpa se gRhastha ko muni-jIvana kI ora le jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa, saMsAra meM saMgharSarata manuSya naye jIvana meM praveza karatA hai| agale pRSThoM meM hama lokAtIta jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie prerakoM aura usa jIvana se saMbaMdhita AdhyAtmika aura naitika AcaraNa kA varNana kareMge, jinakA nirantara pAlana AtmAnubhava ke lie mArga prazasta kara skegaa| AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie preraka ke rUpa meM anuprekSAe~ aura unakA mahattva muniyoM ke AdhyAtmika aura naitika AcaraNa kA varNana prAraMbha karane se pahale hama AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa ke lie prerakoM (anuprekSAoM) ke svarUpa aura unake mahattva para vicAra kreNge| ye samAna rUpa se gRhastha aura sAdhu ko tAttvika, AdhyAtmika aura naitika ajJAna ko naSTa karane ke lie aura una saba bAdhAoM ko jItane ke lie taiyAra karate haiM jo naitika aura AdhyAtmika pragati ko rokatI haiN| yadi ve (preraka) gRhastha ko pUrNa tyAgamaya jIvana meM jhA~kane kI zakti pradAna karate haiM, to ve sAdhuoM ke lie pathapradarzaka hote haiN| ve preraka haiN|-(1) satata parivartanazIlatA yA vastuoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA preraka (anityaanuprekSA), (2) mRtyu kI anivAryatA kA preraka (azaraNa-anuprekSA), (3) punarjanma kA preraka (saMsAra-anuprekSA), (4) ekAkIpana kA preraka (ekatva-anuprekSA), (5) AtmA aura anAtmA ke bIca tAttvika bheda kA preraka (anyatva-anuprekSA), (6) zarIra kI azucitA kA preraka (azuci-anuprekSA), (7) vizva kI vyavasthA kA preraka (lokaanuprekSA), (8) samyakmArga ko kaThinatA se prApta karane kA preraka 1. tattvArthasUtra, 9/7 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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(bodhidurlabha-anuprekSA), (9) karmoM ke ihaloka aura paraloka ke duHkhoM kA preraka (Asrava - anuprekSA ), ( 10 ) karmoM ko rokane kI vidhi kA preraka ( saMvara- anuprekSA ), ( 11 ) karmoM ko haTAne kI vidhi kA preraka (nirjarA - anuprekSA) aura (12) jinadeva dvArA dharma kA upadeza dene kA preraka (dharma - anuprekSA ) - ye saba vipattigrasta sAMsArika jIvana se baca nikalane ke lie preraka haiN| inameM se aMtima tIna hamAre lie ucca jIvana ko prApta karAne ke lie UrjA ko sahI dizA meM pravAhita karate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, prathama nau anuprekSAe~ niSedhAtmaka preraka haiM aura aMtima tIna sakArAtmaka preraka haiN| pUrvavartI sAMsArika manuSya ke jIvana ko prastuta karatI haiM jaba ki paravartI sAdhaka ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie vyAvahArika mArga prastuta karatI haiM / anuprekSA kA artha hai anuciMtana' arthAt punarAvRttyAtmaka ciMtana | pUjyapAda ke dvArA racita tattvArthasUtra kI TIkA meM anuprekSA kA artha hai, zarIra Adi ke svarUpa kA AdyopAnta cintana / ' kArtikeyAnuprekSA vikAsa kI ora le jAnevAle udAtta siddhAntoM para cintana ke rUpa meM anuprekSA ko pratipAdita karatI hai / ' donoM meM bheda kA kAraNa hai ki pUrvavartI vivaraNa niSedhAtmaka prerakoM para jora detA hai jaba ki paravartI sAMsArika azAnti se bacane kA upAya batAtA hai arthAt sakArAtmaka prerakoM para jora detA hai| anuprekSAe~ AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM sahAyaka hotI haiN| ye sAdhaka ko kaSAyoM ke kSetra se vairAgya kI ora le jAtI haiN| ye anuprekSAe~ bhAvoM kI zuddhi prApta karane ke lie, mokSa kI icchA utpanna karane ke 2. tattvArthasUtra, 9/7 3. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/2 4. 5. (4) kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 97 jJAnArNava, 2/6 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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lie, AtmasaMyama aura vairAgya ke vikAsa ke lie, aMta meM, kaSAyoM ke unmUlana ke phalasvarUpa zAMti kI anubhUti ke lie pratipAdita kI gayI haiN| mUlAcAra ke anusAra ye anuprekSAe~ vairAgya utpanna karatI haiM aura jo unase tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai vaha karma-baMdhana ke viccheda ke phalasvarUpa mokSa prApti kara letA hai|' sAmAnyatayA ye anuprekSAe~ sAdhaka ko sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM aura laukika vicAroM se Upara uThA detI haiM, phalasvarUpa dhyAna aura mokSa ke lie sAdhaka taiyAra ho jAtA hai| pratyeka preraka (anuprekSA) kA vivaraNa aba hama pratyeka preraka (anuprekSA) ke svarUpa kA varNana kareMge (i) satata parivartanazIlatA yA vastuoM kI kSaNabhaMguratA kA preraka (anitya-anuprekSA)- pratyeka vastu parivartana ke adhIna hai| janma maraNa ke sAtha rahatA hai, yauvana bur3hApe ke sAtha sambaddha hotA hai, dhana aura vaibhava kisI bhI samaya lupta ho sakate haiM aura zarIra vibhinna prakAra ke rogoM kA zikAra ho sakatA hai| isa prakAra vastuoM kI anitya avasthA hamAre sammukha khar3I rahatI hai arthAt jo kucha bhI utpanna hotA hai vaha anivArya rUpa se naSTa hotA hai| nirantara parivartanazIla paryAyoM meM Asakti kumArga para le jAtI hai aura jIvana ke AdhyAtmika pakSa ko AcchAdita kara detI hai| zarIra, pratiSThA, aindrika sukha aura bhogopabhoga kI vastue~ jala meM bulabule ke samAna yA barpha ke Dhera ke samAna yA 6. jJAnArNava, 2/5, 60 7. mUlAcAra, 763, 764 8. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 5 jJAnArNava, 2/10 .. 9. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 4 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta . (5) For Personal & Private Use Only

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indradhanuSa ke samAna yA bAdaloM meM bijalI kI camaka kI taraha asthira hotI haiN| sAMsArika sukhoM aura vastuoM ko kSaNabhaMgura jAnakara sAdhaka ko unakA saMga chor3a denA cAhie aura usa jJAna kA upayoga AdhyAtmika unnati ke lie karanA cAhie jisase parama sukha utpanna ho ske| kundakunda hamako batAte haiM ki zarIra, dhana-sampatti, sukha aura duHkha, mitra aura zatru AtmA ke zAzvata sAthI nahIM haiN| cAhe gRhastha ho yA muni jo isase preraNA prApta karatA hai vaha AtmA para dhyAna se moharUpI gA~Tha ko naSTa kara detA hai| kSaNabhaMguratA ke isa preraka ko isa prakAra ucca prApti ke lie upayoga meM lAyA jA sakatA hai| (ii) maraNa kI anivAryatA kA preraka (azaraNa-anuprekSA)maraNa kI anivAryatA AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie prabhAvazAlI preraka ke rUpa meM kAma karatI hai| maraNa ke Agamana para vyakti nirAzritatA kA anubhava karatA hai| maraNa pakSapAta-rahita hotA hai| maraNa kA vyavahAra yuvA aura vRddha, amIra aura garIba, bahAdura aura kAyara sabake sAtha eka-sA hotA hai| koI bhI sAMsArika vastu maraNa kI cunautI ko rokane meM samartha nahIM hotI hai| na to sAMsArika zaktiyA~ aura na hI daivI zaktiyA~ hameM maraNa ke caMgula se bacA sakatI haiN| isake atirikta yahA~ koI sthAna 10. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1727 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 7, 9 11. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 22 12. pravacanasAra, 2/101, 102 13. jJAnArNava, 2/11 14. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 24 15. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 25, 26 mUlAcAra, 697 jJAnArNava, 2/16 (6) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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nahIM hai jahA~ maraNa-pakSI apane paMkha nahIM phailA sakatA ho|" marate hue prANiyoM ko bacAne ke lie koI bhI cAla aura yukti saphala nahIM hotI hai| isa prakAra jo vyakti maraNa kI anivAryatA ke jarie AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie preraka vikasita karanA cAhate haiM, ve Avazyaka rUpa se aisA jIvana khojate haiM jo isakI pakar3a se sadaiva pare ho| (iii) punarjanma kA preraka (saMsAra-anuprekSA)- pratyeka prANI kaSAyoM ke kuprabhAvoM se janma aura maraNa kA zikAra ho jAtA hai| AvAgamanAtmaka saMsArI AtmA eka zarIra ko chor3atI hai aura lagAtAra dUsare zarIra meM praveza karatI jAtI hai| karma baMdhana ke dabAva meM sAMsArika AtmA nirantara janma-maraNa kA zikAra rahatI hai| saMkSepa meM cAra gatiyA~ kahI jAtI haiM- manuSyagati, devagati, narakagati aura tiryNcgti| jahA~ AvAgamanAtmaka saMsArI AtmA utpanna hotI hai aura duHkhoM meM pha~sa jAtI hai|' durjeya duHkha naraka aura tiryaMcagati se saMbaMdhita rahate haiN| devagati ke jIva unakI tulanA meM adhika sukhI soce jA sakate haiN| lekina unameM indriya sukhoM kI atyadhika lAlasA hotI hai jisase mAnasika duHkha utpanna hote haiN| ataH unako kevala UparI rUpa se sukhI kahA jA sakatA 16. jJAnArNava, 2/18 17. jJAnArNava, 2/18 * 18. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 33 . 19. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 32 20. . jJAnArNava, 2/2 21. mUlAcAra, 707 jJAnArNava, 2/1, 17 22. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 34-44 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (7) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai| manuSya ke duHkhoM kA astitva bahuta spaSTa hai| garbha kA duHkha, mAtA-pitA-rahita bacapana, rogI zarIra, garIbI, jhagar3Alu pati yA patnI, uttaradAyitva-rahita putra aura putrI Adi ke kAraNa manuSya anaginata duHkhoM ko bhogatA hai| isa prakAra cAroM gatiyoM ke duHkha sAdhaka ke lie preraka bane rahate haiM jisase vaha zAzvata rUpa se duHkhoM ke pAra jA ske| (iv) ekAkIpana kA preraka (ekatva-anuprekSA)- jIva binA kisI saMga ke zubha aura azubha kriyAoM ke pariNAmoM ko bhogane ke lie akelA hotA hai| mitra aura saMbaMdhI kitane hI najadIka aura priya hoM phira bhI hamAre pUrva karmoM ke duHkhoM ko bhogane meM samartha nahIM hote haiM yadyapi ve hamAre dhana ko bhogane meM samartha ho sakate haiN| koI bhI vyakti apane AzritoM ko anaitika kamAI se bhojana karA sakatA hai lekina phala bhogane ke samaya use akelA hI duHkha bhoganA pdd'egaa| jo vyakti isa prakAra nirantara cintana karatA hai vaha rAga aura dveSa ke baMdhana se svayaM ko mukta kara letA hai| (v) AtmA aura anAtmA ke bIca tAttvika bheda kA preraka (anyatva-anuprekSA)- AtmA sthAyI rUpa se zarIra se bhinna hai| 23. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 58-61 24. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 45, 46, 51, 52, 53 25. mUlAcAra, 698, 699 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 74-76 26. jJAnArNava, 2/2, 6 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1748 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 77 27. jJAnArNava, 2/5 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1747 (8) __Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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yadyapi sAMsArika rUpa se vaha zarIra se eka kahI jAtI hai to bhI lokAtIta rUpa se pUrNatayA isase bhinna hotI hai| zarIra indriyagrAhya, acetana, anitya, Adi aura aMta-sahita hotA hai jaba ki AtmA atIndriya , cetana, nitya, anAdi aura anaMta hotA hai| jaba zarIra AtmA ke itanA najadIka hote hue bhI parAyA hai to AtmA kA saMsAra kI dUsarI vastuoM se bhinna hone kI bAta asaMgata nahIM hai| aise AdhArabhUta bheda kA anubhava hamako jagata kI bAharI vastuoM se dUra haTA degA aura hamako AtmA kI gaharAI meM jAne ke lie dRr3ha kregaa|30 (vi) zarIra kI azucitA kA preraka (azuci-anuprekSA)zarIra vRddhAvasthA meM jarjarita ho jAtA hai aura usameM aneka roga saMbhava haiN| aise zarIra ke prati Asakti AtmavikAsa meM bAdhA DAlatI hai| zarIra kI azucitA vyakti ke AtmotthAna kI preraka hai| yaha viraktatA utpanna karatI hai aura phalasvarUpa vyakti ko AtmakalyANa kI ora unmukha karatI hai| .. (vii) vizva kI vyavasthA kA preraka (loka-anuprekSA) AkAza kA vaha bhAga jisameM jIva-ajIva sthita haiM, loka kahA jAtA hai aura zeSa alokAkAza kahA jAtA hai| yaha vizva anAdi hai, 28. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 29. mUlAcAra, 702 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 30. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 82 ___31. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 -- 32. jJAnArNava, 2/1 mUlAcAra, 713 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta . (9) For Personal & Private Use Only

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svayaMsiddha hai, avinAzI hai aura isakA koI karttA nahIM hai| isameM sabhI dravya apane-apane svabhAva ko lie hue haiM, kevala jIva dravyaM apane mUla svabhAva se anAdikAla se cyuta hai| usake svarUpa ko yathArtha jAnaka vyakti ke lie AtmakalyANa kI ora agrasara honA apekSita hai| isa anuprekSA ke cintana se sAdhaka loka meM apanI sthiti ke mahattva ko pahacAnakara AtmAnubhava prApta karane ke lie prayatnazIla ho jAtA hai| ataH loka para ciMtana AtmakalyANa ke lie preraNAdAyI hotA hai| (viii) samyak mArga ko kaThinatA se prApta karane kA preraka ( bodhidurlabha - anuprekSA ) - tIna ratnoM kI prApti jo divya anta:zaktiyoM ko prakaTa karane meM samartha hai, unakI upalabdhi yatheSTa yogyatA kI kamI ke kAraNa kaThina haiN| manuSya kA mokSa prApti ke lie vizeSAdhikAra to hotA hai kintu manuSya yoni meM paidA honA eka saMyoga hai / phira tapa aura dhyAna ke lie avasara milanA bhI eka saMyoga hai / 34 kahA gayA hai ki anavarata rUpa se AvAgamana karate hue eka sacetana prANI saMyoga se manuSya rUpa meM paidA hotA hai to bhI pratiSThita parivAra meM janma lenA aura acche logo kI saMgati milanA utanA hI virala hai jitanA aMdhe ke hAtha baTera lgnaa| saubhAgya se vyakti sabhI suvidhAoM sahita manuSya rUpa meM paidA ho sakatA hai kintu usake lie samyak mArgadarzana kA abhAva ho sakatA hai| yadi vaha bhI prApta ho jAe to indriya sukha usake samaya ko naSTa kara 33. mUlAcAra, 712 jJAnArNava, 2/3, 4 34. mUlAcAra, 755, 756 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1867, 1869 35. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 (10) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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sakate haiN| phira yadi vaha indriya sukhoM se bhI mukta ho jAe to tapa aura dhyAna ke pAlane meM bhI kaI kaThinAIyA~ A sakatI haiN| ina saba bAtoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue vyakti ko pramAda va Alasya tyAga kara AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke mArga para calane ke lie saMkalpa karanA caahie| (ix) karmoM ke ihaloka aura paraloka ke duHkhoM kA preraka (Asrava-anuprekSA)- zubha aura azubha karmoM ke Asrava kA honA sAMsArika jIvana kA AdhAra hai| Asrava ke pariNAma ke bAre meM vicArane se sAdhaka zubha aura azubha se pare uThane ke lie utsAhita hogaa| (x-xii) aba taka hamane una prerakoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai jo hameM AdhyAtmika jIvana kI prApti ke lie preraNA de skeN| aba hama una prerakoM kA varNana kareMge jo hameM sAMsArika AvAgamana ke duHkhoM se chur3Ane meM samartha ho skeN| (x) karmoM ko rokane kI vidhi kA preraka (saMvaraanuprekSA), (xi) karmoM ko haTAne kI vidhi kA preraka (nirjarAanuprekSA) aura (xii) jinadeva dvArA dharma kA upadeza dene kA preraka (dharma-anuprekSA)- ina para cintana karane se hama saMsAra rUpI jAla se nikala skeNge| gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, parISahajaya aura cAritra saMvara ke kAraNa haiM 37 jaba ki tapa nirjarA kA kAraNa hai| hama anuprekSA kA varNana kara cuke haiN| gupti, samiti, parISahajaya aura tapa kA varNana agale pRSThoM meM kreNge| dharma ke dasa prakAroM kA varNana agale adhyAya meM 36. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 .. 37. tattvArthasUtra, 9/2, 3 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 96, 102 38. tattvArthasUtra, 9/2, 3 - kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 96, 102 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta * (11) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kreNge| AtmA kA dhyAna karanA samyakcAritra hai aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie isakA pAlana anivArya hai|" dharma jo samyakrUpa se kahA gayA hai ahiMsA usakA vAstavika lakSaNa hai; satya usakA AdhAra hai; vinayazIlatA usakA mUlakAraNa hai; kSamAzIlatA usakI zakti hai; saMyama usakA kavaca hai; Atma-niyaMtraNa usakI AvazyakatA hai aura aparigraha usakA sahArA hai| muni-jIvana kA aupacArika grahaNa uparyukta varNita prerakoM ke kAraNa sAdhaka sAMsArika kriyAoM ke prati niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhatA hai kintu AtmA ke prati svIkArAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAtA hai| vaha sabhI prakAra ke sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM se vidAI le letA hai aura samyak anuzAsana kA pAlana karake vaha aise sAdhuoM ke prati sASTAMga praNAma karatA hai jo rahasyAtmaka guNoM se susajjita haiM, jo sadguNoM se bharapUra haiM, jo zArIrika rUpa se AkarSaka haiM, jo paripakva AyuvAle haiM, jo mAnasika asaMyama se rahita haiM aura jo anya muniyoM dvArA prazaMsita aura sammAnita haiN| vaha unake dvArA dIkSA grahaNa karatA hai| aura pariNAmasvarUpa sabhI sAMsArika vastuoM kI Asakti se dUra hokara indriyoM aura mana ko apane vaza meM karake vaha vastra-rahita ho jAtA hai aura isa taraha usakA bAhya svarUpa janmAnusAra bana jAtA hai, vaha hiMsA 39. tattvArthasUtra, 9/6 40. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 99 41. rAjavArtika, 9/2, 7 42. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/7 43. pravacanasAra, 3/2, 3 amRtacandra kI TIkA sahita 44. pravacanasAra, 3/2, 3 amRtacandra kI TIkA sahita 45. pravacanasAra, 3/4 (12) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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Adi se svataMtra ho jAtA hai aura zarIra ke prati Asakti nahIM rakhatA hai / 46 isake atirikta usakA Antarika svarUpa aisA nirmita hotA hai ki vaha AvAgamana ko niSedha karane kA kAraNa banatA hai| vaha moha se dUra ho jAtA hai aura apane bhAvoM aura kriyAoM ko zuddha karatA jAtA hai| 47 aMtaraMga aura bAhya sAtha-sAtha rahate haiM yaha yAda rakhanA cAhie ki aMtaraMga aura bAhya svarUpa eka dUsare ke sAtha-sAtha calate haiN| samantabhadra kA mata hai ki jisa prakAra sAMsArika kriyAoM meM aMtaraMga aura bAhya kAraNoM ke sAtha-sAtha hone se kArya sampanna hotA hai usI prakAra mokSa kI prakriyA meM bhI yaha zAzvata niyama kAma karatA hai|" ve eka hI sikke ke agrabhAga aura pRSThabhAga haiN| ataH na to kevala bAhya pakSa para aura na kevala aMtaraMga para jora denA cAhie / ye donoM eka dUsare ke pUraka haiM, paraspara virodhI nahIM haiN| ve loga jo jainadharma dvArA prastAvita bAhya tyAga kI niMdA karate haiM ve isa bAta ko bhUla jAte haiM ki jaina AcAryoM ne aMtaraMga pakSa ke mahattva para bhI jora diyA hai| jainadharma yaha bAta svIkAra nahIM karatA ki manuSya kI Antarika AdhyAtmikatA bAhya jIvana meM prakaTa hue binA raha sakatI hai| vaha aMtaraMga AdhyAtmikatA ke binA kevala bAharI tyAga kI pUrNarUpa se niMdA karatA hai| aMtaraMga avasthA binA bAhya abhivyakti ke aura bAhya abhivyakti binA aMtaraMga avasthA ke ( donoM hI ) ekAnta haiN| kevala bAhya bojhila ho jAtA hai aura kevala aMtaraMga bodhagamya nahIM hotA hai| yaha vizvAsa karate hue ki aMtaraMga zuddhatA bAhya tapoM meM apanI sthiratA ke lie prakaTa hogI jaise tela bIja ke bAhya AvaraNa se vikRta hone se baca 46. pravacanasAra, 3/5 47. pravacanasAra, 3/6 (e. ena. upAdhye kA anuvAda) 48. svayaMbhUstotra, 33, 60 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (13)

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jAtA hai yA girI bAhya chilake se surakSita ho jAtI hai, jainAcAryoM ne mAnasika zuddhatA ke mahattva para tathA tIvra kaSAyoM ke saMyama para jora diyA AdhyAtmika jJAna se rahita vyakti ke lie bAhya tapa karate hue bhI karmoM ko naSTa karane ke lie karor3oM jIvana bhI kama pratIta hote haiM, ve karma AdhyAtmika jJAna se sampanna vyakti ke dvArA kSaNa bhara meM naSTa kiye jA sakate haiN| AdhyAtmika bhUmikA ke binA jo bAhya taMpoM meM lIna hai usa ajJAnI jIva ko samajhAne ke lie yaha uparyukta bAta paryApta hai| vAstava meM ye donoM pakSa guMthe hue haiM ata: donoM mUlyavAna aura nyAyasaMgata haiN| bAhya parigraha ko chor3ane kA uddezya hai- aMtaraMga tIvra kaSAya aura icchA ko tyAganA, jisake binA bAhya tyAga (tapa) vivekahIna aura nirarthaka hai| jarA-sI bhI aMtaraMga malinatA AtmA ko uccatama avasthA meM jAne se rokatI hai jaise mahAna tapasvI bAhubali ke jIvana meM ghaTita huaa| zivabhUti jinake bhAva zuddha the unhoMne tuSa-mAsa bhinna kahakara hI kevalajJAna prApta kara liyA yadyapi ve Agama-jJAna se rahita the| isa prakAra dhArmika anuzAsana aura tapa, zAstrasvAdhyAya aura jJAna apane ucita pariNAmoM ko bhAvoM kI anupasthiti meM utpanna nahIM karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI ve ucca sammAna prApta karate haiM to bhI bhAvoM kI zuddhatA vicAroM meM antarnihita hotI hai yadyapi spaSTarUpa se bhASA meM abhivyakti na kI gaI ho| 49. pravacanasAra, 3/38 50. bhAvapAhuDa, 3 51. bhAvapAhuDa, 53 (14) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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aMtaraMga aura bAhya svarUpa kA aMgIkAra aMtaraMga aura bAhya svarUpa ko utkRSTa guru ke saMrakSaNa meM grahaNa karane ke pazcAt prastAvita anuzAsana kI prakriyA ko prApta karake sAdhaka zramaNa bana jAne kA sammAna prApta kara letA hai| 2 cUMki vaha AdhyAtmika yAtrA ke prAraMbha meM anavarata rUpa se Atmika anubhava meM nahIM Thahara sakatA isalie vaha aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai| pA~ca mahAvrata, pA~ca samiti, pA~ca indriyoM kA nirodha, loca (kezaloMca), SaT Avazyaka, acelakatva (vastrarahitapanA ), asnAna ( snAna nahIM karanA), bhUmizayana (jamIna para sonA ), adaMtadhAvana ( dAtuna na karanA), khar3e hokara bhojana karanA ( sthitibhojana) aura eka bAra AhAra lenA (ekbhkt)| 53 gRhastha kI apekSA muni - jIvana kI zreSThatA gRhastha ke aNuvratoM kI AMzikatA muni ke jIvana meM samApta ho jAtI hai, ataH muni mahAvratoM kA pAlana karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, gRhastha ke jIvana meM aNuvratoM ke kAraNa azubha bhAva hote haiM mahAvratoM ke pAlana karane se ve vilIna ho jAte haiM aura kevala zubha bhAva zeSa rahate haiM jo bhI rUpAntarita ho jAte haiM jaise hI AtmA ke kSetra meM ur3Ana bharI jAtI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM azubha Asrava jo ki tIvra kaSAyoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa hote haiM ve ruka jAte haiM aura AtmA prathama bAra hI azubha karmoM ke Asrava ke avarodha kA anubhava karatA hai| isake atirikta gRhastha ke 52. pravacanasAra, 3/7 53. pravacanasAra, 3/8, 9 mUlAcAra, 2, 3 AcArasAra, 16 anagAra dharmAmRta, 9/84, 85 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (15)

Page #51
anuzAsana se adhika muni kA anuzAsana hotA hai| muni kA jIvana zubha dhyAna, zubha yoga aura zubha lezyA kA udAharaNa hai| ye gRhastha ke jIvana meM azubha bhAva ke mizraNa ke binA nahIM pAye jAteM haiN| pA~ca mahAvrata - (i) ahiMsA mahAvrata - isa mahAvrata meM saba jIvoM ( trasa aura sthAvara, sthUla aura sUkSma) ke prati mana-vacana-kAya tathA kRtakArita anumodanA se ahiMsA kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai / 4 muni apane bhAvoM ko zuddha kara sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrIbhAva rakhatA hai aura apanI kaSAyoM ko vaza meM karake ahiMsA mahAvrata kA pAlana karatA hai|" isa mahAvrata kA ucita prakAra se pAlana karane ke lie muni gamana, bhASA, vicAra, vastuoM ko saMbhAlane, bhojana aura pAna ke prati sAvadhAna rahatA hai | 56 55 - (ii) satya mahAvrata - isa mahAvrata meM muni sabhI prakAra ke asatyoM ko tyAga detA hai kyoMki kisI prakAra ke asatya kA jIvana meM 54. jJAnArNava, 8/8 niyamasAra, 56 mUlAcAra, 5/289 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 776 AcArAMga, pRSTha 202 55. jJAnArNava, 8 / 10, 11 56. mUlAcAra, 337 (16) anagAra dharmAmRta, 6/34 tattvArthasUtra, 7/4 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1206 AcArAMga, pRSTha 203, 204 cAritrapAhuDa, 32 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
honA tIvra kaSAya kA dyotaka hai jo ki muni jIvana ke lie asaMgata hai| asatya aura pIr3AdAyaka vacana jo rAga, dveSa, hAsya, bhaya, krodha aura lAlaca ke dabAva meM bole jA sakate haiM unako satya mahAvratI tyAga detA hai aura sAtha meM Agama ke artha kA anucita vyAkhyAna bhI tyAga diyA jAtA hai|" pA~ca prakAra kI bhAvanAe~ jo satya mahAvrata ko sazakta karatI haiM, ve haiM- vacana meM viveka rakhanA, krodha, lobha, bhaya aura ha~sI-majAka se apane Apako roknaa|58 ___(iii) asteya mahAvrata- asteya mahAvrata meM sabhI prakAra kI corI kA tyAga kara diyA jAtA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sabhI paradravya jo gA~va, zahara yA jaMgala meM par3e hote haiM unakA tyAga karanA asteya mahAvrata ke antargata samAviSTa hai| isa mahAvrata meM sammilita haiM- apane se bar3oM se pUchakara pustakAdi lenA, svAmI se Avazyaka vastuoM kI anumati prApta karanA, grahaNa kI huI vastu ke prati anAsakta honA, nirdoSa vastuoM ko prApta karanA, sAdharmiyoM kI vastuoM ko prastAvita niyamAnusAra sNbhaalnaa| 57. mUlAcAra, 6, 290 AcArAMga, pRSTha 204 58. tattvArthasUtra, 7/5 anagAra dharmAmRta, 4/45 AcArAMga, pRSTha 204, 205 cAritrapAhuDa, 33 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1207 59. mUlAcAra, 7, 291 AcArAMga, pRSTha 205 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 951 60. mUlAcAra, 339 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta / (17) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #53
tattvArthasUtra ke anusAra chor3e hue AvAsa aura ekAnta sthAna jaise guphA Adi meM ThaharanA, aura dUsare vyakti jo Thaharane kA irAdA rakhate haiM unako manA na karanA aura bhojana kI pavitratA ko banAe rakhanA aura jhagar3Alu Adata na rakhanA asteya mahAvrata meM sammilita kiye gaye haiN|61 . (iv) brahmacarya mahAvrata- brahmacarya mahAvrata kA dhAraka muni mahilAoM se kAmasaMbaMdha ko tyAga detA hai aura sAtha meM kAma-saMtuSTi ke lie aprAkRtika tarIkoM ko bhI pUrNatayA nakAra detA hai| brahmacarya mahAvrata kA pAlana karanevAlA muni indriyaAsakti , kaSAyottejaka evaM AvazyakatA se adhika bhojana karanA, nAca-gAna meM rasa lenA evaM uttejanAjanaka AvAsa Adi ko bhI tyAga detA hai|63 (v) aparigraha mahAvrata- aparigraha mahAvrata meM muni aMtaraMga azuddhatA se aura bAhya cetana evaM acetana parigraha se apane Apako dUra 61. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/6 cAritrapAhuDa, 34 mUlAcAra, 292 AcArAMga, pRSTha 2/15/4 jJAnArNava, 11/7, 8, 9 anagAra dharmAmRta, 4/61 mUlAcAra, 996, 997, 998 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 879, 880 uttarAdhyayana, 16/1-10 63. Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #54
pA rakhatA hai|4 parigraha kI vidyamAnatA hone para karmoM kA baMdhana aparihArya hai| isalie muni saba prakAra ke parigraha ko tyAga dete haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM yaha bAta acintya hai ki parigraha kA saMsarga hote hue vyakti moha kA, asaMyama kA, sAMsArika vyastatA kA zikAra na ho| jo vyakti sAMsArika vastuoM meM tallIna hogA vaha zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti karane meM asamartha rhegaa| parigraha ke antargata zarIra ke prati thor3A-sA bhI rAga sammilita hai| ve vyakti jo mokSa-prApti ke icchuka haiM unako zarIra ke prati bhI anAsakti kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki dUsare prakAra kA to koI bhI parigraha prazaMsita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha to Adarza sthiti hai| jo sAdhu itanI U~cAI para nahIM jA sakatA vaha usa parigraha ko svIkAra kara sakatA hai jo dUsare ke dvArA na cAhA gayA ho aura mAnasika azuddhatA utpanna na karatA ho| ___ jaba AdhyAtmika anubhUti ke zikhara para car3hA jAtA hai to kisI bhI prakAra kA parigraha nirarthaka hotA hai| usase nIce vaha muni aisA parigraha rakha sakatA hai jo zubhopayoga ke anurUpa ho yA zubhabhAvoM ko bar3hAnevAlA ho| isa prakAra kA parigraha muni-jIvana ke pAlane ke lie anivArya hai| aise parigraha ke antargata janmadatta zarIra, guru ke AdhyAtmika . 64. niyamasAra, 56 mUlAcAra, 293 AcArAMga, 2/15/5 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1117 65. pravacanasAra, 3/19 66. pravacanasAra, 3/21 -67. pravacanasAra, 3/23 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta ' (19) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #55
vacana, AtmasvarUpa ko samajhAnevAle pavitra graMtha aura AdhyAtmikarUpa se unnata AtmAoM ke prati bhakti aura vinamratA sammilita hai| mUlAcAra ke anusAra aparigraha mahAvrata ke svarUpa meM cetana aura acetana parigraha kA tyAga upadiSTa hai aura svIkRta parigraha ke prati anAsakti kA bhAva bhii| isa prakAra eka muni zAstra (jJAnopadhi) mayUrapicchi (saMyamopadhi) aura pAnI kA bartana (kamaMDalu-zaucopadhi) rakha sakatA hai| jisa prakAra zuddhabhAva ke abhAva meM bhI muni suzobhita hotA hai usI prakAra uparyukta parigraha bhI muni ko suzobhita karatA hai| pAnI kA baratana zaucazuddhi ke lie kAma meM liyA jAtA hai aura mayUrapicchi jIvoM kI hiMsA se bacane ke lie| isa prakAra kI picchi meM pA~ca guNa hote haiN| yaha miTTI aura pasIne se malina nahIM hotI hai, ahiMsaka rahatI hai, mulAyama hotI hai aura halkI hotI hai| isa mahAvrata kA ucita pAlana usa samaya : hotA hai jaba muni pA~coM indriyoM ke sukhoM ke prati udAsIna ho jAtA hai| 68. pravacanasAra, 3/25 69. mUlAcAra, 9 70. mUlAcAra, 14 71. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 98 mUlAcAra, 910 72. AcArAMga, pRSTha 209, 210 mUlAcAra, 341 tattvArthasUtra, 7/8 cAritrapAhuDa, 36 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1211 (20) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #56
tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti aba hama gupti aura samiti kA varNana kreNge| muni ke lie Adarza vastu yaha hai ki vaha pUrNarUpa se mana-vacana aura kAya kI kriyAoM ko saMyamita kare aura apane Apa ko AtmA ke anubhava meM dRr3ha kre| aise udAtta aura pavitra prayAsa ko 'gupti' kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM vaha kAraNa jisake jarie AtmA sAMsArika avasthA se sthAyI surakSA prApta karatA hai aura janma-maraNa se pare jAne kI zakti ko abhivyakta karatA hai vaha 'gupti' kahalAtI hai| jo sAdhaka aisA ArohaNa karatA hai vaha sukharUpa aura duHkharUpa vastuoM se apane Apa ko roka letA hai aura vaha zAnta aura zAzvata AtmA meM rahatA hai| jaba muni apane Apako isa U~cAI para ArohaNa karane meM asamartha pAtA hai to vaha pA~ca samitiyoM kA pAlana karatA hai- arthAt (1) IryAsamiti, (2) bhASAsamiti, (3) eSaNAsamiti, (4) AdAnanikSepaNasamiti aura (5) utsarga yA prtisstthaapnaasmiti| 'gupti' kA artha saMdarbha ke parivartana se badala jAtA hai| uccatama ArohaNa ke dRSTikoNa se isakA artha hai- mana-vacana aura kAya ko guNa aura doSoM se tathA zubha aura azubha kriyAoM se haTAnA, kintu zubhopayogI muni ke dRSTikoNa se isakA artha hai- kevala azubha kriyAoM se mana-vacana aura kAya ko httaanaa| nizcayanaya ke anusAra .73. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/2 74. tattvArthasAra, 6/6 tattvArthasUtra, 9/5 mUlAcAra, 10, 301 mUlAcAra, 334, 331 - bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1189 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAntaM (21) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #57
Asakti Adi se mur3anA mana kA niyaMtraNa hai, asatya se mu~ha mor3anA yA mauna rakhanA vacana para niyaMtraNa hai| zarIra ke prati anAsakti tathA hiMsA se dUra rahanA zarIra kA niyaMtraNa hai| vyavahAranaya ke anusAra azubha bhAvoM ko tyAganA manogupti hai, jhUTha bolane ko tyAganA vacanagupti hai aura baMdhana, chedana, mAraNa Adi zArIrika kriyAoM se dUra rahanA kAyagupti hai|" azubha pravRttiyoM ko tyAgane ke lie dhyAna aura svAdhyAya prastAvita kiye gaye haiN| yahA~ yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki gupti niSedha para jora detI hai jaba ki samiti sakArAtmaka bhAva ko protsAhita karatI hai| pUrvavartI pApapUrNa kriyAoM kA niSedha karatI hai jaba ki paravartI puNyarUpa kriyAoM kA pAlana karanA svIkAra karatI hai| prANiyoM ke sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM ko TAlanA samiti kA uddezya hai jaba ki muni gamana kara rahA ho (IryAsamiti), bola rahA ho (bhASAsamiti), bhojana kara rahA ho (eSaNAsamiti), vastuoM ko uThA aura rakha rahA ho (AdAnanikSepaNasamiti) tathA zaucakriyA kara rahA ho (utsarga yA prtisstthaapnaasmiti)|80 ye samitiyA~ muni ko pApoM se dUra rakhatI haiM jaise pAnI meM kamala kA pattA 76. niyamasAra, 69, 70 padmaprabhamaladhArI deva kI TIkA sahita __ mUlAcAra, 332, 333 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1187, 1188 77. niyamasAra, 66, 67, 68 78. mUlAcAra, 335 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1190 79. uttarAdhyayana, 24/26 80. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/2 cAritrapAhuDa, 37 (22) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
hotA hai yA kavacasahita vyakti yuddha meM hotA hai| tIna gupti aura pA~ca samiti pravacanamAtA kahalAtI hai kyoMki ve muni ke darzana, jJAna aura cAritra kI usI prakAra rakSA karatI haiM jaise mAtA apane bacce kI rakSA karatI hai| pA~ca samiti (i) IryAsamiti- jo muni IryAsamiti ke anuzAsana ke anurUpa gamana karatA hai usako dhyAna denA cAhie- (ka) mArga kI pavitratA kA, (kha) prakAza kI upayuktatA kA, (ga) ekAgratA kA, (gha) uddezya kA aura (Ga) gamana kI prakriyA kaa|83 (ka) vaha mArga ucita hotA hai jo aise prANiyoM se rahita hotA hai jo sAdhAraNa rUpa se gamana karate samaya pIr3ita hote haiM jaise kIr3e-makor3e, cIMTI Adi, usI prakAra bIja, ghAsa, harI pattiyA~, kIcar3a Adi bhii| 4 vaha mArga upayukta hai jisa para bAra-bAra gAr3iyA~ aura dUsare vAhana cala cuke haiM, gAya, baila, ghor3e, strI aura puruSa cala cuke haiM, jisa para hala 81. mUlAcAra, 326, 327, 328 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1201, 1202 82. mUlAcAra, 336 uttarAdhyayana, 24/1, 2 83. mUlAcAra, 302 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1191 uttarAdhyayana, 24/4 tattvArthasAra, 6/7 . 84. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1191 vijayodayA aura mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa kI TIkA sahita Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (23) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
86 88 cala cukA hai aura jo sUrya ke dvArA tapta kiyA jA cukA hai|'' (kha) gamana ke lie sUrya kA prakAza yA dina kA samaya Avazyaka hai / " candramA, tAre aura kRtrima prakAza sUrya ke prakAza ke sthAna para kAma meM nahIM liye jA skte| 7 ( ga ) muni ko jamIna para calane meM ekAgratA rakhanI cAhie tathA calate samaya usako svAdhyAya aura pA~ca indriyoM ke viSayoM meM lInatA se alaga rahanA cAhie jisase vahA~ upasthita prANiyoM kI hiMsA TAlI jA ske|" (gha) muni ko aise uddezya ke lie jo apane AdhyAtmika stara aura pratiSThA ke anurUpa hoM usakI prApti hetu gamana karanA cAhie, udAharaNArtha aise uddezya haiM- tIrthayAtrA, guru se milanA, anya pratiSThita muniyoM se milanA, dhArmika vicAra-vimarza kI cunautI kA sAmanA karanA aura dharma kA upadeza denA Adi / " (Ga) gamana kI prakriyA ke rUpa meM muni ko dhIre aura karuNApUrvaka gamana karanA cAhie, sAvadhAnIpUrvaka cAra hAtha jamIna dekhakara calanA caahie| daur3anA, kUdanA, pRthvI ko 90 85. mUlAcAra, 304, 305, 306 86. mUlAcAra, 11 niyamasAra, 61 uttarAdhyayana, 24/5 87. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1191 vijayodayA aura mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa kI TIkA sahita 88. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1191 vijayodayA aura mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa kI TIkA sahita uttarAdhyayana, 24/8 89. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1191 vijayodayA aura mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa kI TIkA sahita 90. niyamasAra, 61 (24) mUlAcAra, 11, 103 AcArAMga, pRSTha 137 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
khodanA, anya dizAoM kI ora dekhakara calanA Adi anupayukta kriyAe~ haiN| " (ii) bhASAsamiti - vaha muni bhASAsamiti ko pAlanevAlA hotA hai jo cugalI khAne meM, dUsaroM kI ha~sI ur3Ane meM, Atma-prazaMsA meM aura kaThora zabda bolane meM ruci nahIM letA lekina jo apane yA dUsaroM ke lie lAbhadAyaka hai vahI bolatA hai|" muni ko nirdoSa aura saMkSipta vacana kA prayoga karanA cAhie aura krodha, ahaMkAra, chala-kapaTa, lobha, hAsya, bhaya, vAcAlatA aura gapazapa ko chor3a denA cAhie | " muni ko pApapUrNa, nindanIya, rUkSa, kaThora bhASA nahIM bolanI caahie| isake atirikta usako manamuTAva aura guTabandI karanevAlI, duHkhI aura apamAna karanevAlI tathA prANiyoM kA vinAza karanevAlI bhASA nahIM bolanI caahie| 94 (iii) eSaNAsamiti - jo muni eSaNAsamiti kA pAlana karanevAlA hotA hai vaha bhojana kI svIkRti ke lie nirdhArita kie gaye niyamoM kA pAlana karatA hai|" dUsare zabdoM meM, eSaNAsamiti kA pAlana karanevAlA 91. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1191 vijayodayA aura mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa kI TIkA sahita liMgapAhuDa, 15, 16 92. niyamasAra, 61 mUlAcAra, 12 93. uttarAdhyayana, 24/9, 10 94. AcArAMga, pRSTha 150, 151 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1192 mUlAcAra, 307 95. mUlAcAra, 13 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (25)

Page #61
aisA bhojana karatA hai - jo bhojana hitakArI ho, bhaktipUrvaka diyA gayA ho, zuddha ho, apane lie taiyAra na kiyA gayA ho aura na apane dvArA anumodana kiyA gayA ho|" jo muni doSamukta bhojana karatA hai, pAparahita parigraha ko ucita rUpa se sa~bhAlatA hai, baiThane aura sone ke sthAna ko sApha karatA hai vaha eSaNAsamiti kA pAlana karanevAlA hotA hai| inameM asAvadhAnI rakhane se munipada kA apamAna hotA hai|" muni bAhya rUpa se bhojana lete hue bhI anAsakta rahatA hai| muni zakti bar3hAne ke lie, Ayu bar3hAne ke lie, svAda ko saMtuSTa karane ke lie, svastha va AkarSaka vyaktitva prApta karane ke lie bhojana nahIM karatA kintu bhojana karane kA pavitra uddezya hotA hai- nirantara svAdhyAya, Atma-niyaMtraNa aura bAdhA - rahita nirantara dhyAna / " vaha bhojana karatA hai- bhUkha miTAne ke lie, anya muniyoM kI sevA karane ke lie, prANa aura AtmasaMyama kI rakSA ke lie aura SaT Avazyaka kA pAlana karane ke lie | 9 vaha AhAra-vihAra meM niyamaniSTha hotA hai kyoMki vaha 99 100 anAsakta hotA hai aura isaloka aura paraloka ke prati anAsaktatA kA dRSTikoNa apanAtA hai| muni zuddhAtmA kI anubhUti ke prayAsa ke lie bhojana karatA hai jaise eka dIpaka meM tela vastuoM ko spaSTarUpa se dekhane 96. niyamasAra, 63 97. mUlAcAra, 318, 916 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1197 (26) uttarAdhyayana, 24/11 tattvArthasAra, 6/9 98. mUlAcAra, 481 99. mUlAcAra, 479 100. pravacanasAra, 3/26 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #62
ke lie bharA jAtA hai| isa prakAra muni nirdoSa bhojana prApta karake bhI nahIM kiye hue kI taraha hI hotA hai| isa taraha vaha karmoM kI dAsatA kA zikAra nahIM hotA hai| (iv) AdAnanikSepaNasamiti- AdAnanikSepaNasamiti kA artha hai- dhArmika jIvana ke lie Avazyaka vastuoM ko uThAne aura rakhane meM sAvadhAnI kI mAnasika sthiti ko banAe rkhnaa|101 isakA artha hai vastuoM ko uThAne va rakhane se pahale vastu aura sthAna ko A~khoM se dekha lenaa|102 (v) pratiSThApanAsamiti- pratiSThApanAsamiti prastAvita karatI hai ki muni ko aise sthAna para mala-mUtrAdi kA tyAga karanA cAhie jo manuSyoM dvArA svIkRta ho, Apattijanaka na ho,103 prANiyoM se rahita ho, ekAnta ho, chidra rahita ho aura jIva-jantu va bIjarahita ho| pA~ca indriyoM kA niyaMtraNa - yaha spaSTa tathya hai ki indriya-viSayoM ke prati Asakti AdhyAtmika mArga meM kaThinAiyA~ utpanna karatI hai ataH isakA unmUlana karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha saca hai ki muni ke dvArA kiyA gayA indriyoM kA niyaMtraNa nayA kArya nahIM hai, kyoMki vaha gRhastha-avasthA meM aNuvratoM kA pAlana kara hI rahA thA kintu uccajIvana meM apUrva praveza naye . . kaThora uttaradAyitva utpanna karatA hai| isa taraha muni pA~coM indriyoM ko 101. niyamasAra, 64 mUlAcAra, 14 102. mUlAcAra, 319 uttarAdhyayana, 24/14 103. niyamasAra, 65 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (27) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
pUrNatayA niyaMtrita karatA hai arthAt cakSuindriya, karNendriya, ghrANendriya, rasanAindriya aura sparzaindriya ko vaha varNa, dhvani, gaMdha, svAda aura sparza kI Asakti se kramazaH niyantrita karatA hai| muni indriyaviSayoM se prApta sukha va duHkha se patha-bhraSTa nahIM hotA hai| vaha indriyaviSayoM ko tAttvika dRSTikoNa se dekhatA hai aura unako pudgala ke vibhinna rUpa mAnatA hai, jo AtmA ke svabhAva se tAttvika rUpa se para hai| isa prakAra usane yaha vizvAsa prApta kara liyA hai ki koI bhI indriya-viSaya AtmalAbha ke lie nahIM hai|104 indriyoM ko niyaMtrita karane ke lie muni ko ucita anuzAsana kA pAlana karanA caahie| cakSuindriya na to sundaratA se AkarSita honI cAhie aura na hI vastuoM kI kurUpatA se vikarSita honI caahie| isake atirikta zravaNendriya ko saMgIta ke rAga se, ghANendriya ko sugandha se, rasanAindriya ko vibhinna prakAra ke rasoM se aura sparzaindriya ko vibhinna prakAra ke sparzoM se prabhAvita nahIM honA caahie|105 kezaloMca yaha spaSTa hai ki bAloM kA svAbhAvika bar3hanA rokA nahIM jA sakatA hai| yadi unako bar3hane diyA jAya to jUM Adi utpanna ho jaayegii| pariNAmasvarUpa hiMsA nahIM TAlI jA skegii| yadi bAla kATane ke upakaraNa kAma meM liye jAte haiM to sAMsArika vyavasthA meM lauTanA hogaa| ata: kezaloMca hI vikalpa hai| yaha do, tIna yA cAra mahIne ke bAda kI 104. samAdhizataka, 55 105. mUlAcAra, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #64
jAnI caahie|106 kezaloMca upavAsa kA pAlana karake dina meM karanI caahie|107 aisA karane se saMsAra se anAsakti utpanna hotI hai, AtmasaMyama bar3hatA hai aura muni vyAkulatA se mukta ho jAtA hai|108 SaT Avazyaka SaT AvazyakoM kA AdhyAtmika jIvana se sIdhA saMbaMdha hotA hai| niHsandeha anya mUlaguNa bhI muni ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita hote haiM kintu ve parokSa rUpa se usake jIvana para prabhAva DAlate haiN| SaT AvazyakoM ko saphalatApUrvaka pAlane ke lie unako bhI anivArya samajhA jAnA caahie| eka artha meM sabhI mUlaguNa samAna hai kintu mUlaguNoM ke una ghaTakoM para jora diyA jAnA nyAyasaMgata hai jinameM Antarika yAtrA nihita hotI hai kyoMki AdhyAtmika jIvana meM Antarika parivartana atyanta mahattva kA hotA hai| isa prakAra 'Avazyaka' muni ke jIvana ko rUpAntarita karane ke lie samartha hote haiM aura ve usake jIvana ke uddezya kA usako smaraNa karAte - jo muni apanI AtmAnubhUti ke dvArA zubha aura azubha vicAroM kI parAzritatA ko asvIkAra karatA hai vaha nizcayanaya se 'Avazyaka' 106. mUlAcAra, 29 . anagAra dharmAmRta, 9/86, 97 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 88, 89 AcArAMga, pRSTha 189 AcArasAra, 1/43 107. mUlAcAra, 29 108. mUlAcAra, 29 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 91 AcArasAra, 1/4 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (29) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #65
ko pAlanevAlA kahA jAtA hai|109 aisI udAtta kriyA AtmA kI svataMtratA ko darzAtI hai| 'Avazyaka' pada kA yaha artha nizcaya yA lokAtIta dRSTikoNa se hai kintu jaba AtmA utkRSTa U~cAI para car3hane meM apane Apako asamartha pAtI hai to yaha zubha karmoM meM utara jAtI hai aura usa dRSTikoNa se paramparAnusAra 'Avazyaka' chaha prakAra ke mAne gaye haiM, arthAt (1) sAmAyika, (2) stuti, (3) vaMdanA, (4) pratikramaNa, (5) pratyAkhyAna aura (6) kaayotsrg|110 kundakunda ke anusAra AvazyakoM kI gaNanA isa prakAra kI gayI hai - pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna, AlocanA, kAyotsarga, sAmAyika aura prmbhkti| isakA pAramparika gaNanA se thor3A hI bheda hai| AlocanA pratikramaNa ke antargata rakhI jA sakatI hai aura paramabhakti stuti aura vaMdanA meM sammilita kI jA sakatI hai| kundakunda paramabhakti ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta karate haiM- nirvRttibhakti aura yogabhakti jisameM stuti aura vaMdanA kA svarUpa dekhA jA sakatA hai| kundakunda yA to pAramparika gaNanA ko svIkAra karanA nahIM cAhate haiM kyoMki ve nizcayanaya ke dRSTikoNa se vicAra kara rahe haiM yA unhoMne donoM prakAra kI gaNanA meM koI bheda nahIM pAyA yA ve kisI pUrva paramparA kA ullekha kara rahe haiN|11 hama kaha sakate haiM ki paravartI vicArakoM ne SaT Avazyaka kI pAramparika gaNanA 109. niyamasAra, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147 mUlAcAra, 515 110. mUlAcAra, 516 uttarAdhyayana, 29/8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 111. pravacanasAra, bhUmikA, pRSTha 52 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #66
ko hI svIkAra kiyA hai| 12 aba hama SaT AvazyakoM ke bAre meM vicAra kreNge| (i) sAmAyika sAmAyika kA artha hai- jIvana aura maraNa meM, hAni aura lAbha meM, priya aura apriya ghaTanA meM, mitra aura zatru meM, sukha aura duHkha meM muni dvArA zAnta aura nirAkula citta kA banAye rkhnaa||13 gRhastha ke jIvana meM aisA citta asthAyI hotA hai kintu muni ke jIvana meM aisA citta sthAyI rUpa se vidyamAna hotA hai| isa prakAra muni ke jIvana meM sAmAyika meM samaya kI sImA samApta ho jAtI hai| jo muni samatA bhAva se rahita hai usake lie vana meM rahanA, zarIra kA damana karanA, vibhinna prakAra ke upavAsa karanA, svAdhyAya karanA aura mauna rakhanA upayogI nahIM hai|14 vaha muni jo sabhI pApoM se rahita hai, jo tIna gupti kA pAlana karatA hai, jo indriyoM meM saMyama rakhatA hai, jo sabhI prANiyoM meM samabhAva rakhatA hai, jo Arta aura rauMdradhyAna nahIM karatA hai, jo dharma aura zukladhyAna kA abhyAsa karatA hai, jo hamezA apane ko Asakti , duHkha, ghRNA, bhaya aura kAmAsakti se dUra rakhatA hai, vaha dRr3ha samatA bhAva (sAmAyika) ko pAlanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| (ii) stuti stuti kA artha hai- caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke divya guNoM para apane 112. AcArasAra, 1/35 - anagAra dharmAmRta, 8/17, 9/3 113. mUlAcAra, 23 114. niyamasAra, 124 115. niyamasAra, 125, 126, 129, 131, 132, 133 ... . mUlAcAra, 524, 525, 526, 529 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta . (31) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #67
cintana ko lagAnA aura unake nAma kA dhyAna karanA / 116 bhakti ke vazIbhUta hokara muni prAyaH 'jinadeva' dvArA AdhyAtmika jJAna aura mukti prApta karane kI icchA karatA hai kintu yaha kevala bhaktimaya bhASA hI hai| cU~ki jinadeva rAga va dveSa se pare haiM, ataH unase kisI vastu ko prApta karane kI AzA nahIM kI jAnI caahie| 17 divya AtmAoM ne hameM pavitra uddezya se upakRta kiyA hai, jisase hamAre karma baMdhana kI kaTutA naSTa kI...: jA sakatI hai| yadyapi una AtmAoM ne mAnasika dvaita ko pAra kara liyA hai phira bhI unakI bhakti hamAre uddezyoM ko pUrA kara sakatI hai aura hamAre ekatrita karmoM ke mala ko naSTa karane meM sakSama hai| 18 yaha udAtta rAga hai; aura sAMsArika vastuoM kI cAha ke lie nahIM hai / 119 (iii) vaMdanA vaMdanA aMtaraMga vinaya kI sUcaka hai / usakA artha hotA hai -- arahaMta aura siddha ko praNAma karanA aura unako bhI, praNAma karanA jo guNAtmaka jIvana meM Age bar3ha gaye haiM, udAharaNArtha - tapa - guru, zruta-guru, guNa-guru aura dIkSA- guru| 120 dUsare zabdoM meM, una muniyoM ko bhI praNAma karanA cAhie jo svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM lage hue haiM, jo pA~ca mahAvratoM kA pAlana karate haiM aura caritrahInatA kI nindA karate haiM aura guNI vyakti ke guNoM kA prasAra karate haiM, jo AtmasaMyamI aura dhairyavAna hote haiM / ' 121 116. mUlAcAra, 24 anagAra dharmAmRta, 8/37 117. mUlAcAra, 567 118. mUlAcAra, 569, 570, 571, 572 119. mUlAcAra, 572 120. mUlAcAra, 25 121. mUlAcAra, 595, 596 (32) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #68
anuzAsita muni ko asaMyamita muniyoM kA Adara nahIM karanA cAhie aura gRhastha ko va rAjA ko praNAma nahIM karanA caahie|122 pAramparika stuti aura vaMdanA ke sthAna para kundakunda paramabhakti kA ullekha karate haiM jo vyAvahArika dRSTikoNa se muktAtmAoM ke guNoM kI bhakti hai|123 do prakAra kI paramabhakti batAyI gayI hai arthAt nirvRttibhakti aura yogbhkti| pUrvavartI kA artha hai samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kI bhkti| paravartI kA artha hai tattvoM kA cintana jo rAga Adi ko tyAga kara AtmalInatA ko utpanna karatA hai|124 (iv) pratikramaNa yaha saMbhava hai ki muni sUkSma kaSAyoM ke dabAva meM samyakcAritra kI gaharAiyoM se dUra ho jAe; ata: muni ko pratidina Atma-AlocanA (nindA) se unako zuddha karanA cAhie, guru ke samakSa apane doSoM kI nindA (garhA) aura anta meM guru ke samakSa apane doSoM ko prakaTa kara denA cAhie (aalocnaa)|125 yaha bhAva pratikramaNa hai aura pratikramaNa sUtra ko par3hanA dravya pratikramaNa hai|126 jo muni bhAva pratikramaNa ke sAtha dravya pratikramaNa karatA hai vaha bahutAyata se karmoM ko samApta kara detA hai| yaha 122. mUlAcAra, 592 123. niyamasAra, 135 124. niyamasAra, 134,137, 139 125. anagAra dharmAmRta, 8/62 mUlAcAra, 620, 622, 26 126. mUlAcAra, 623 anagAra dharmAmRta, 8/62 niyamasAra, 94 127. mUlAcAra, 625 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (33) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #69
pratikramaNa vyavahAra dRSTikoNa se kahA gayA hai| kundakunda pAramArthika dRSTikoNa ko apanAne kI preraNA dete hue kahate haiM- uccatama dhyAna ke dvArA sabhI doSoM ko tyAga denA pratikramaNa hai|128 jo muni AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai sabhI vicAroM, doSoM, Arta aura raudradhyAna, mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra ko chor3atA hai vaha vAstavika pratikramaNa karanevAlA kahA jAtA hai|129 jaba taka yaha saMbhava na ho taba taka vyavahAra pratikramaNa jo nizcaya pratikramaNa kA sahAyaka kAraNa hai (usako) kiyA jAnA caahie| (v) pratyAkhyAna pratyAkhyAna kA artha hai- muni ke pavitra uddezya se jo kucha bhI asaMgata hai usako tyaagnaa| 30 pratikramaNa pazcadRSTi hai jabaki pratyAkhyAna agradRSTi hai| pratyAkhyAna usake dvArA kiyA jAtA hai jo maMdakaSAyI hai, AtmasaMyamI hai, sAhasI hai, AvAgamana se bhayabhIta hai aura jo AtmA aura anAtmA meM bheda karane kA abhyasta hai| 31 nizcaya dRSTi se kahA jA sakatA hai ki jo muni zubha-azubha bhAvoM se pare rahatA huA apanI AtmA kA dhyAna karatA hai usane pratyAkhyAna kA pAlana kiyA hai|132 (vi) kAyotsarga kAyotsarga kA abhiprAya haihra nirdhArita samaya ke lie zarIra ke 128. niyamasAra, 93 129. niyamasAra, 83-86, 89-92 130. mUlAcAra, 27 AcArasAra, 1/40 131. niyamasAra, 105, 106 132. niyamasAra, 95 (34) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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prati aupacArika anaaskti| 33 kAyotsarga ke samaya zarIra ke aMgoM meM halana-calana nahIM honI caahie|134 jo muni mokSa kA icchuka hai, jisane nidrA ko jIta liyA hai, jo Agama kA jJAtA hai, jisake vicAra pavitra haiM, jisameM zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika zakti hai vaha kAyotsarga ke yogya hotA hai|135 yaha kAyotsarga AdhyAtmika mArga para calane ke lie hitakara hai aura karmoM kA vinAzaka hai|136 nagnatA digambara muni pUrNatayA nagna hotA hai|137 vaha naye janme hue bAlaka kI taraha hotA hai| 38 nagnatA ke pAlana se muni meM asAdhAraNa guNa utpanna ho jAte haiM, udAharaNArtha aparigraha kA bhAva, nizcintatA, nirbhayatA aura parISahoM ko jItane kI shkti| isake atirikta nagna muni dUsaroM meM vizvAsa utpanna karate haiM, indriyaviSayoM ke lie anAdara kA bhAva darzAte haiM aura svatantratA ke prati sammAna vyakta karate haiN| 40 anya mUlaguNa - asnAna, jamIna para yA zilA paTTI para yA lakar3I ke takhte para 133. mUlAcAra, 28 134. mUlAcAra, 650 135. mUlAcAra, 651 136. mUlAcAra, 652 137: mUlAcAra, 30 138. sUtrapAhuDa, 18 bodhapAhuDa, 51 139. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 83 vijayodayA kI TIkA sahita 140. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 84 vijayodayA kI TIkA sahita Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta - (35) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #71
yA sUkhI ghAsa para sonA, 141 adantadhAvana, khar3e hokara dina meM eka bAra hathelI meM AhAra grahaNa karanA - ye anya mUlaguNa haiN| 14 isa prakAra muni apanI sampUrNa UrjA karmoM ko rokane ( saMvara) aura vinAza karane (nirjarA) meM samarpita karatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vaha parISahoM ko jItanA aura tapoM ko karanA apanI anivAryatAoM ke kSetra meM svIkAra karatA hai| muni una cIjoM se koI samajhautA nahIM karatA jo usako saMsAra rUpI kIcar3a meM pha~sA detI haiN| usakA jIvana saMsAra se pUrNa virAga kA hotA hai| koI bhI vastu jo dhArmika jIvana se asaMgata hai aura adharmI jIvana meM sA~sa lene ke lie bAdhya karatI hai usako samApta kiyA jAnA anivArya hai| yadi parISaha kA sAmanA ucita dRSTi se nahIM kiyA jAyegA to muni jIvana vikRta ho jAyegA aura yadi unakA sAmanA dhairya, dhyAna aura bhaktipUrvaka kiyA jAyegA, to jIta kA Ananda prApta hogA / aura yadi tapoM ko utsAhapUrvaka kiyA jAtA hai to icchA kA nirodha ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka Ananda prApta kara sakatA hai| parISahoM ko jItane se karmoM kA Agamana rukatA hai 143 aura tapa ke pAlana se karmoM kA Agamana rukane ke sAtha saMcita karma bhI naSTa hote haiN| 144 hama sarvaprathama parISaha - jaya para vicAra kreNge| parISaha - unakI gaNanA aura vyAkhyA muni ke jIvana meM AnevAle kaSToM ko parISaha kahA jAtA hai, inako jItanA aura inase vicalita na honA parISaha - jaya kahA jAtA 141. anagAra dharmAmRta, 9/91 TIkA sahita bodhapAhuDa, 56 142. mUlAcAra, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 811 143. tattvArthasUtra, 9/2 144. tattvArthasUtra, 9/3 (36) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai|45 kSudhA-pipAsA Adi bAIsa prakAra ke parISahoM ko sahate hue jo muni samyak mArga se cyuta nahIM hotA vaha parISahoM ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai|146 bAIsa parISaha isa prakAra haiM-147 (1) kSudhA, (2) tRSA, (3) zIta, (4) uSNa, (5) daMzamazaka, (6) nagnatA, (7) arati, (8) strI (9) caryA, (10) niSadyA, (11) zayyA, (12) Akroza, (13) vadha, (14) yAcanA, (15) alAbha, (16) roga, (17) tRNa-sparza, (18) mala, (19) satkAra-puraskAra, (20) prajJA, (21) ajJAna aura (22) adrshn| aba hama pratyeka kI vyAkhyA kreNge| 48 kSudhA aura tRSA- yaha saMbhava hai ki muni nirdoSa bhojana aura pAnI na prApta kara sake to bhI yadi vaha kSudhA aura tRSA ke duHkha se vyAkula nahIM hotA aura apanA svAdhyAya aura dhyAna barAbara karatA rahatA hai to vaha kSudhA aura tRSA parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| zIta aura uSNa- muni kA jIvana pakSI ke AvAsa ke samAna anizcita hotA hai; vaha jaMgala meM ThaharatA hai yA parvata ke zikhara para ThaharatA hai, vaha zIta vAyu aura uSNa vAyu se vicalita nahIM hotA aura apane AdhyAtmika uddezya meM lagA rahatA hai to vaha zIta aura uSNa parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| daMzamazaka- jo muni makkhI, macchara, sA~pa, bicchu Adi ke kAraNa parezAna nahIM hotA aura unako dUra haTAne kA prayAsa nahIM karatA kintu AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke saMkalpa meM lagA rahatA hai vaha daMzamazaka 145. tattvArthasUtra, 9/8 146. uttarAdhyayana, 2 147. tattvArthasUtra, 9/9 uttarAdhyayana, 2 148. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/9 uttarAdhyayana, 2 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (37) For Personal & Private Use Only

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parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| nagnatA- jo muni janmajAta bacce kI taraha nagna rahatA hai aura jisakA hRdaya kAmAtura bhAvoM se grasita nahIM hotA aura jo brahmacarya kA pAlana karatA hai vaha nagnatA parISaha ko jItatA hai| 49 arati- jo muni indriyoM ke damana se, rogoM se, duSTa vyaktiyoM ke vyavahAra se parezAna nahIM hotA vaha arati parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| strI- jo muni kAmAtura striyoM ke hAva-bhAva se bhramita nahIM hotA vaha strI parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahalAtA hai| caryA- jo muni prastAvita niyamoM ke anusAra eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para gamana karate hue kA~ToM Adi ke duHkha se vicalita nahIM hotA hai vaha caryA parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| niSadyA- jo muni zamazAna meM yA sUnasAna gharoM meM yA guphA meM baiThatA hai aura vahA~ zera kI garjanA se bhI bhayabhIta nahIM hotA hai, jo kaThina AsanoM kA abhyasta hotA hai usane niSadyA parISaha ko jIta liyA hai| zayyA- jo muni anavarata svAdhyAya aura dhyAna karake sone ke lie ubar3a-khAbar3a sthAna prApta karatA haiM to bhI jisakA citta vyAkula nahIM hotA hai vaha zayyA parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahA jAtA hai| Akroza- jo muni manuSyoM ke durvyavahAra ke prati udAsIna rahatA hai aura mAnasika rUpa se azAnta nahIM hotA hai usane Akroza parISaha ko jIta liyA hai| vadha- jo muni apanI zAMta avasthA ko zarIra ke kATe jAne para bhI nahIM khotA hai usake vadha parISaha-jaya hotA hai| yAcanA- jo muni bhojana, davA, AvAsa Adi nahIM mA~gatA cAhe usake prANa naSTa ho jAe~ to usane yAcanA parISaha ko jIta liyA hai| alAbha- alAbha parISaha ko jItanA usa samaya kahA jAtA hai jaba muni gRhastha se bhojana na milane para mAnasika zAMti ko banAe rakhatA hai| 149. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/9 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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roga- aneka rogoM se grasita hone para bhI jo muni dhairya se unako sahatA hai aura apane Avazyaka anuzAsana ko nahIM TAlatA hai usane roga parISaha jIta liyA hai| tRNa-sparza- jo muni kA~ToM Adi se parezAna nahIM hotA hai, jo nirAkula rahatA hai, jo sadaiva calane meM, sone meM, baiThane meM prANiyoM kI ahiMsA meM lagA rahatA hai vaha tRNa-sparza parISaha ko jItanevAlA kahalAtA hai| mala- vaha muni jisake zarIra para miTTI Adi maila jamA ho gayA hai aura yadi vaha usake dvArA jarA sA bhI mAnasika rUpa se azAnta nahIM hotA kintu sadaiva AtmA ke karma rUpI kIcar3a ko samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpI zuddha pAnI se dhone meM lagA rahatA hai usane mala parISaha jIta liyA hai| satkAra-puraskAra- jo muni manuSyoM ke dvArA diye gaye Adara se AkarSita nahIM hotA aura anAdara se vyAkula nahIM hotA hai usane satkAra-puraskAra parISaha jIta liyA hai| prajJA- jo muni jJAna ke ahaMkAra se prabhAvita nahIM hotA hai vaha prajJA parISaha ko jItanevAlA hotA hai| ajJAna- jo muni jJAna prApta karane ke lie athaka parizrama karake bhI saphala nahIM hotA yadi vaha nirAzA meM nahIM DUbatA hai to usane ajJAna parISaha ko jIta liyA hai| adarzana- jisa muni ko varSoM taka tapa karane ke pazcAt bhI koI lAbha nahIM hotA to bhI usakI zraddhA nahIM DigatI, vaha adarzana parISaha ko jItanevAlA hotA hai| parISaha aura tapa meM bheda . . ' (1) parISaha muni kI icchA ke viruddha utpanna hote haiM jo unako sahana karate haiM yA AdhyAtmika vijaya ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM unakA upayoga karate haiM, jaba ki tapa muni kI icchA ke anurUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie kiye jAte haiN| (2) sAdhAraNa dRSTi se vicAreM to adhikAMza parISaha duSTa manuSyoM, kaThora prakRti aura IrSyAlu devatAoM Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (39) For Personal & Private Use Only

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dvArA utpanna kiye jA sakate haiM kintu tapa sAdhaka ke dRr3ha nizcaya ko darzAte haiN| phira, yadi parISahoM kA mUlya dhairyapUrvaka sahane meM hai to tapoM kA mUlya unakA pAlana karane meM hai| (3) jo parISaha AdhyAtmika jIvana meM bAdhA ke rUpa meM hote haiM, ve sAdhaka ke jIvana ke asthAyI pakSa haiM jaba ki tapa duHkhI jIvana se mukti ke lie prastAvita anuzAsana ke rUpa meM anivArya hote haiN| (4) tapoM kA karanA parISahoM ko samatApUrvaka sahane ke lie zakti pradAna karanA hai| tapa kA svarUpa aura prakAra tapa kA artha hai- icchAoM kA nirodh| SaTkhaNDAgama kA kathana hai- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rUpI tIna ratnoM kI prApti ke lie icchAoM kA unmUlana tapa kahA jAtA hai|150 isa prakAra jaina dRSTikoNa se AtmA kI svatantratA, zAnti aura sAmya kI prApti ke lie sabhI icchAe~ jo duHkhoM kA mUla haiM unakA niSkAsana na kevala mukhya hai balki sarvopari hai| yaha jaina upadezoM kA AdhAra va zikhara donoM hai| aMtaraMga yAtrA kI sarvoccatA ke hote hue bhI jainadharma bAhya zArIrika tapoM kI upekSA nahIM krtaa| jainadharma meM do prakAra ke tapa ullikhita haiMarthAt bAhya tapa aura aMtaraMga tp|'51 pUrvavartI zArIrika aura indriyagocara tyAga kI mukhyatA para jora detA hai jaba ki paravartI mana ke aMtaraMga niyaMtraNa 150. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 55 anagAra dharmAmRta, 8/2 151. uttarAdhyayana, 30/7 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/18 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 54 anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/6 (40) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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152 para jora detA hai| isake atirikta bAhya tapa isalie bhI bAhya tapa kahe jAte haiM ki ve unake dvArA bhI pAlana kie jAte haiM jo samyagdRSTi nahIM haiN| 153 hama sarvaprathama bAhya tapoM ke bAre meM vicAra kreNge| bAhya tapa bAhya tapa chaha prakAra ke hote haiM- (1) anazana, (2) avamaudarya, (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna, (4) rasaparityAga, (5) viviktazayyAsana aura (6) kAyakleza | 154 (1) anazana - upavAsa yA sImita samaya ke lie yA zarIra se AtmA ke pRthakkaraNa hone taka bhojana kA saMyama anazana kahalAtA hai|'' isakA pAlana AtmaniyaMtraNa ke lie, Asakti ko naSTa karane ke lie, karmoM ke vinAza ke lie, dhyAna kA pAlana karane ke lie aura AdhyAtmika jJAna kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA hai| 156 yahA~ yaha dhyAna denA cAhie ki anazana meM bhojana aura usake prati Asakti kA tyAga eka sAtha kiyA jAnA apekSita hai| kevala zarIra ko kSINa karanA upavAsa kA uddezya nahIM hotA hai| 157 (2) avamaudarya pUrA bhojana nahIM 152. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 153. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 59 anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/6 154. tattvArthasUtra, 9/19 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 208 mUlAcAra, 346 155. mUlAcAra, 347 uttarAdhyayana, 30/9 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 209 156. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 157. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-8, pRSTha 55 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta - For Personal & Private Use Only (41)

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karanA avamaudarya tapa hai| bhojana meM battIsa grAsa kI mAtrA 158 puruSa ke lie aura aTThAIsa grAsa kI mAtrA mahilA ke lie ullikhita hai, isameM eka grAsa kI kamI bhI karanA isa tapa ke antargata sammilita hai| 159 isa tapa kA pAlana indriya aura nIMda ke saMyama ke lie, SaT AvazyakoM aura svAdhyAya Adi ko saphalatApUrvaka karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai / 160 (3) vRttiparisaMkhyAna - jaba muni AhAra prApta karane ke lie vicA hai, to gharoM meM jAne kI saMkhyA ke viSaya meM, bhojana grahaNa karane kI viziSTa rIti ke bAre meM, vizeSa prakAra ke bhojana ke viSaya meM, denevAle kI yogyatA ke bAre meM muni kA saMkalpa honA vRttiparisaMkhyAna kahalAtA hai / 11 dUsare zabdoM meM, uparyukta viSayoM meM muni pUrva nirNaya karate haiM; yadi cIjeM unake pUrva nirNaya ke anusAra ghaTita hotI hai to bhojana grahaNa kara 158. anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/22 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 56 159. mUlAcAra, 350 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 211, 212 anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/22 uttarAdhyayana, 30 / 15 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 56 160. mUlAcAra, 351 anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/22 161. mUlAcAra, 355 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 443 anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/26 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 218, 219, 220 221 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 57 (42) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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lete haiM anyathA ve usa dina binA bhojana grahaNa kiye rahate haiN|162 (4) rasaparityAga- bhojana kI chaha vastuoM jaise- dUdha, dahI, ghI, tela, gur3a aura namaka meM se eka kA yA adhika kA tyAga karanA rasaparityAga hai aura svAdoM jaise khaTTA (amla), mIThA (madhura), kar3avA (kaTu), kasailA (kaSAya), aura tIkhA (tikta) meM se eka yA adhika kA tyAga karanA bhI rasaparityAga hai|163 yaha donoM prakAra kA tyAga indriyoM ke saMyama ke lie, nidrA ko jItane ke lie aura abAdhita rUpa se svAdhyAya karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai|164 (5) viviktazayyAsana- aise ekAnta sthAna kA cayana jo anaitika logoM ke Ane-jAne se rahita ho aura jo dhyAna, svAdhyAya aura brahmacarya ke lie upayukta ho aura jo rAga-dveSa kA kAraNa na bana ske|165 (6) kAyakleza- kaThora AsanoM dvArA 162. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 163. mUlAcAra, 352 uttarAdhyayana, 30/26 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 215 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 57 164. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 165. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 ____ kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 445, 447 AcArasAra, 6/15, 16 mUlAcAra, 357 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 228 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 58 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (43) For Personal & Private Use Only

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zarIra ko kaSTa kI Adata meM rakhanA kAyakleza hai|166 isakA uddezya hai zArIrika kaSToM ko sahana karane kA abhyAsa rakhanA aura sukhoM ke prati Asakti ko kama krnaa|167 hamane bAhya tapoM ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA kI hai aura hamane yaha dekhA hai ki ina tapoM ko karane kA uddezya zArIrika tyAga hI nahIM hai kintu indriyoM aura zarIra ke prati Asakti ko naSTa karanA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM bAhya tapasyA usI samaya nyAyasaMgata kahI jA sakatI hai jaba yaha muni ko Antarika vikAsa kI ora le jAye, varanA usake abhAva meM sArA prayAsa vyartha hI calA jaayegaa| mUlAcAra kA kathana hai ki bAhya tapa se mAnasika azAnti utpanna nahIM honI cAhie aura naitika aura AdhyAtmika anuzAsana pAlana ke utsAha ko kama nahIM hone denA cAhie lekina AdhyAtmika dhAraNAoM ko bar3hAvA milanA caahie|168 yaha vyAkhyA bAhya tyAga kI Antarika pravRtti ko prakAzita karatI hai aura kevala zArIrika kaSTa dene kI nindA karatI hai| samantabhadra kA kathana hai ki bAhya tapa AdhyAtmika tapasyA ko utpanna karatA hai aura isa taraha jainadharma tapoM 166.mUlAcAra, 356 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 uttarAdhyayana, 30/27 AcArasAra, 6/19 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 448 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 58 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 222-227 167. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 168. mUlAcAra, 358 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 236 (44) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke aMtaraMga pakSa para bhI jora detA hai|169 bAhya tapoM ko nyAyasaMgata batAne ke pazcAt aba hama Antarika tapoM ke svarUpa para vicAra kreNge| aMtaraMga tapa aMtaraMga tapa bhI chaha prakAra ke hote haiM- arthAt (1) prAyazcitta, (2) vinaya, (3) vaiyAvRttya, (4) svAdhyAya, (5) vyutsarga aura (6) dhyaan|170 (1) prAyazcitta- vaha prakriyA jisake dvArA muni apane kiye hue doSoM se mukta hotA hai vaha prAyazcitta kahalAtI hai|11 kArtikeya ke anusAra vAstavika prAyazcitta vaha hai jisameM kiye gae doSoM kI punarAvRtti nahIM hotI hai cAhe zarIra ko kitanA hI kaSTa diyA jaae|172 (2) vinaya- indriyoM kA saMyama yA kaSAyoM kA unmUlana yA tIna ratnoM ko prApta vyaktiyoM ke prati namratA kA bhAva honA vinaya hai|173 vinaya ke abhAva meM Agama kA adhyayana vyartha jAtA hai| vinaya kA bAhya pariNAma 169. svayaMbhUstotra, 83 170. tattvArthasUtra, 9/20 mUlAcAra, 360 uttarAdhyayana, 30/30 AcArasAra, 6/21 ___171. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/20 mUlAcAra, 361 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 59 172. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 452 173. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-13, pRSTha 63 AcArasAra, 6/69 anagAra dharmAmRta, 7/60 uttarAdhyayana, 30/32 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (45) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai- sammAna, maitrI, Adara, guru kA prasAda, jinadeva kI AjJA kA pAlana aura duSTa vicAroM kA vinaash| jaba ki vinaya kA aMtaraMga pariNAma haiAtmasaMyama, jJAna kI prApti, AtmA kI zuddhatA, kRtajJatA kA bhAva, saralatA, dUsare manuSyoM ke guNoM kI prazaMsA, ahaMkAra kA nAza aura aMta meM mokSa kI praapti|174 (3) vaiyAvRttya- jaba muni roga, parISaha aura mithyAtva se grasita ho jAte haiM usa samaya muniyoM kI sevA davA yA upadeza se kI jAtI hai vaha vaiyAvRttya kahalAtI hai|175 isa tapasyA kA uddezya AdhyAtmika mArga ke prati anurAga kA bhAva prakaTa karanA hai| 76 (4) svAdhyAya- svAdhyAya kA varNana 'jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva' nAmaka agale adhyAya meM kiyA jaayegaa| (5) vyutsarga- bAhya aura aMtaraMga parigraha kA tyAga vyutsarga hai|17 pUrvavartI ke antargata cetana aura acetana parigraha kA tyAga hai aura paravartI ke antargata kaSAyoM kA tyAga hai|78 (6) dhyAna- pA~ca prakAra ke aMtaraMga tapoM kA varNana karane ke pazcAt aba hama dhyAna ke svarUpa aura usake prakAroM ke bAre meM vicAra kreNge| dhyAna kA sAmAnya svarUpa aura usake prakAra yaha kahanA anucita nahIM hogA ki sabhI anuzAsanAtmaka 174. mUlAcAra, 386-388 bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 129-131 175. mUlAcAra, 391, 392 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/24 176. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/24 177. mUlAcAra, 406 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/26 178. mUlAcAra, 407 (46) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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kriyAe~ dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa karatI haiN| jaise pAnI kA saMgrahaNa jo anAja ke kheta ko sIMcane ke lie kAma AtA hai, usako pIne aura dUsare uddezyoM ke lie bhI kAma meM liyA jA sakatA hai, usI taraha anuzAsanAtmaka gupti, samiti Adi kriyAe~ jo naye karmoM ke Asrava kI samApti ke lie kI jAtI haiM, ve dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa karane ke lie bhI kahI jA sakatI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM sabhI anuzAsanAtmaka kriyAoM kA pAlana dhyAna kI parAkASThA meM samApta hotA hai| isa prakAra dhyAna samyakcAritra kA anivArya saMghaTaka hai| pariNAmasvarUpa yaha divya antaHzaktiyoM ke prakaTIkaraNa ke lie sIdhe rUpa se saMbaMdhita hai aura yaha hI akelA mArga hai jisa para calakara sAdhaka uccatama Adarza kI ora sIdhA jA sakatA hai| dhyAna eka vizeSa vastu para mana kI ekAgratA ko batAtA hai jo ekAgratA adhika se adhika eka antarmuhUrta (48 minaTa se kama samaya) ke lie saMbhava hai aura vaha bhI una vyaktiyoM ke lie jinakA zarIra sarvottama hotA hai|180 dUsare zabdoM meM kisI eka vastu para vicAroM kI sthiratA dhyAna kahA jAtA hai| ekAgratA kI vastu apavitra ho sakatI hai yA pavitra bhii| mana yA to nimnakoTi kI vastu para ekAgra ho sakatA hai yA unnata vastu para ekAgra ho sakatA hai| pUrvavartI jo azubha karmoM ke Asrava kA kAraNa hai azubha dhyAna (aprazasta dhyAna) ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai| jaba ki paravartI jo karmoM ke nirAkaraNa se saMbaMdhita hotA hai zubha dhyAna (prazasta dhyAna) kahA jAtA hai|181 saMkSepa meM, dhyAna yA to 179. rAjavArtika, 9/27/26 180. rAjavArtika, 9/27/10-15 181. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/28 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (47) For Personal & Private Use Only

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daidIpyamAna ratnoM ko hameM pradAna karane meM samartha hotA hai yA kA~ca ke Tukar3oM ko dene meN| jaba donoM vastue~ saMbhava hotI haiM to vivekapUrNa vyakti ina donoM meM se kisako cunegA ? 182 isa taraha se dhyAna do prakAra kA hotA hai- prazasta aura aprazasta / pUrvavartI ke antargata do prakAra kA dhyAna hai - dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna / paravartI meM bhI do prakAra kA dhyAna hai- ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna | 183 prazasta dhyAna sAdhaka ko mokSa kI ora le jAne meM samartha hai / 184 isake viparIta aprazasta dhyAna sAMsArika duHkhoM kI ora le jAtA hai|'' isa prakAra jo mokSa ke lie icchuka haiM unako ArtadhyAna aura raudradhyAna tyAga denA cAhie | 186 tapa ke rUpa meM dhyAna kA saMbaMdha prazasta prakAra ke dhyAna se hai kyoMki vaha hI akelA hai jo zuddha jIvana se saMbaMdha jor3atA hai| aba hama sarvaprathama aprazasta dhyAna ke svarUpa para vicAra kreNge| prazasta dhyAna tapa kA svIkArAtmaka pakSa hai aura aprazasta dhyAna niSedhAtmaka pakSa hai| 185 ArtadhyAna Arta kA artha hai- duHkha aura vedanA aura usase utpanna vicAroM kA cintana krnaa| 187 isa duHkhapUrNa saMsAra meM ananta vastue~ haiM jo 182. iSTopadeza, 20 183. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 469 tattvArthasUtra, 9/28 184. tattvArthasUtra, 9/29 185. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/29 186. tattvAnuzAsana, 34, 220 187. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/28 (48) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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sAMsArika jIvoM meM duHkha utpanna kara sakatI haiM phira bhI hamArI sImita buddhi se unako abhivyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| ata: cAra prakAra ke ArtadhyAna svIkAra kiye jAte haiM-188 aniSTasaMyogaja, iSTaviyogaja, vedanAjanita aura nidAnajanita (1) aniSTasaMyogaja- aniSTakArI vastuoM kA saMyoga ho jAne para usa aniSTa ko dUra karane ke lie nirantara cintA karanA aniSTasaMyogaja ArtadhyAna hai|189 (2) iSTaviyogajaiSTa vastuoM kA viyoga ho jAne para unakI prApti ke lie anavarata cintAgrasta honA iSTaviyogaja ArtadhyAna hai| 90 (3) vedanAjanitazarIra meM roga ho jAne para usako dUra karane ke lie nirantara cintita rahanA vedanAjanita ArtadhyAna hai|91 (4) nidAnajanita- iSTa sukhoM ko prApta karane kI icchA karanA, duzmana ko harAne kI yojanA banAnA aura indriyajanya bhogoM ko prApta karane ke lie cintana karate rahanA nidAnajanita ArtadhyAna hai|192 ArtadhyAna saMsArI jIvoM meM anAdikAla se sthita 188. jJAnArNava, 25/37 tattvArthasUtra, 9/30, 31, 32, 33 189. tattvArthasUtra, 9/30 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 471 jJAnArNava, 25/28 . 190. tattvArthasUtra, 9/31 .. jJAnArNava, 25/31 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 472 - 191. tattvArthasUtra, 9/32 jJAnArNava, 25/32 192. jJAnArNava, 25/36 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/33 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (49) For Personal & Private Use Only

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dUSita pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa svAbhAvika rUpa se vidyamAna hotA hai|193 yaha dhyAna mithyAdRSTi meM, samyagdRSTi meM aura aNuvratadhArI vyaktiyoM meM upasthita rahatA hai| jaise gRhastha ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA se baca nahIM sakatA usI prakAra vaha ArtadhyAna ko bhI nahIM haTA sktaa| niHsandeha vaha isako kama se kama kara sakatA hai kintu pUrNatayA dUra nahIM kara sakatA raudradhyAna raudradhyAna bhI cAra prakAra kA hotA hai- hiMsAnanda, mRSAnanda, cauryAnanda aura vissyaannd| (1) hiMsAnanda- prANiyoM ko mArane meM harSa manAnA, dUsaroM kI burAI socanA, dUsaroM ke guNoM va saMpatti ke prati jalana anubhava karanA, hiMsA ke upakaraNa ekatrita karanA, nirdayI manuSyoM ke prati dayA dikhAnA, badale kI bhAvanA rakhanA, yuddha meM hAra va jIta ke viSaya meM socanA - ye saba hiMsAnanda raudradhyAna ke antargata Ate haiN|194 (2) mRSAnanda- vyakti jisakA mana asatya se bharA huA hai, jo jagata ko duSTa siddhAntoM ke pracAra ke dvArA duHkhoM meM pha~sAnA cAhatA hai aura apane sukha ke lie vikRta sAhitya likhatA hai aura jo chala-kapaTa se dhana ikaTThA karatA hai, jo nirdoSa logoM meM doSa dikhAne kI yojanA banAtA hai jisase rAjA use daNDa de sake, jo sarala va ajJAnI logoM ko kapaTapUrvaka bhASA se dhokhA dene meM sukha manAtA hai vaha mRSAnanda raudradhyAna se grasita hotA hai|195 (3) cauryAnanda- jo corI meM dakSatA aura utsAha 193. jJAnArNava, 25/41 194. jJAnArNava, 26/4, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 473 195. jJAnArNava, 26/16, 17, 18, 20, 22 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 473 (50) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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dikhAtA hai, corI kA zikSaNa detA hai vaha cauryAnanda raudradhyAna kahA jAtA hai|196 (4) viSayAnanda- apane parigraha aura indriya sukhoM ko bacAne kA prayatna karanA viSayAnanda raudradhyAna hai|'97 yaha dhyAna aNuvratadhAriyoM meM kucha hada taka hotA hai|198 muni ke jIvana meM yaha dhyAna bilakula bhI nahIM hotA hai|199 yaha dhyAna binA zikSaNa ke hI utpanna hotA hai aura yaha tIvra kaSAya kA pariNAma hai|200 prazastadhyAna kI pUrva AvazyakatAe~ prazastadhyAna mokSa ke lie sahAyaka hai| sAmAnyarUpa se sAdhaka ke lie dhyAna kI pUrva AvazyakatAe~ nimnalikhita haiM- mokSa kI utkaTa icchA, sAMsArika vastuoM meM anAsakti, zAnta aura nirAkula citta, AtmasaMyama, sthiratA, indriyasaMyama, dhairya aura shnshiiltaa| isake atirikta sAdhaka ko samaya, sthAna, aura mAnasika saMtulana kI prApti kA dhyAna rakhanA caahie| isake sAtha hI maitrI (sabhI prANiyoM ke prati mitratA), pramoda (dUsaroM ke guNoM kI prazaMsA), karuNA (anukampA aura sahAnubhUti) aura mAdhyastha (ucchRkhala ke prati udAsInatA) bhAvoM kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| sAdhaka ko una sthAnoM ko chor3anA cAhie jahA~ . 196. jJAnArNava, 26/24 . kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 474 197. jJAnArNava, 21/29 ___ . . kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 474 . 198. tattvArthasUtra, 9/35 199. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/35 200. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 469 jJAnArNava, 26/43 rAjavArtika, 9/35/4 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (51) For Personal & Private Use Only

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duSTa, juArI, madyAsakta Adi kA AnA-jAnA ho aura ve sthAna bhI jo dUsare prakAra se bAdhA utpanna karanevAle hoN| usako una sthAnoM kA cayana karanA cAhie jinakA saMbaMdha tIrthaMkaroM aura muniyoM ke nAma se saMbaMdhita ho| sAdhaka ko nadI kA kinArA, parvata kA zikhara, guphA aura ekAnta meM dUsare sthAna dhyAna ke lie cunane caahie| Asana ke dRSTikoNa se vizeSakara padmAsana aura khar3agAsana upayukta mAne gae haiN| usake lie pratyeka Asana, pratyeka sthAna aura pratyeka samaya dhyAna ke lie upayukta hotA hai jisane mana ko saMyamita kara liyA hai, jo anAsakta hai aura dhIra hai,201 jo cetana aura acetana, sukhadAyI aura duHkhadAyI viSayoM se vicalita nahIM hotA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hai usakI icchAe~ samApta ho jAtI hai, ajJAna lupta ho jAtA hai aura citta zAnta ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra mAnasika saMtulana dhyAna kI pUrva AvazyakatA hai| prazasta dhyAna do prakAra kA hotA hai- dharmadhyAna aura shukldhyaan| sarvaprathama hama dharmadhyAna para vicAra kreNge| dharmadhyAna dharmadhyAna kA artha hai- zubha vicAraNA yA ciNtn|202 isake cAra bheda haiM- AjJAvicaya, apAyavicaya, vipAkavicaya aura sNsthaanvicy|203 (1) AjJAvicaya (AgamAnusAra tattva kA ciMtana yA samarthana)"upadeza denevAle kA abhAva hone se, svayaM ke mandabuddhi hone se, padArthoM ke sUkSma hone se tathA tattva ke samarthana meM hetu aura dRSTAnta kA abhAva hone se sarvajJa-praNIta Agama ko pramANa karake 'yahI isI prakAra hai' 201. jJAnArNava, 6/6, 27/3 202. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 476 203. tattvArthasUtra, 9/36 (52) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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kyoMki jinadeva anyathAvAdI nahIM hote| isa prakAra gahana padArthoM ke zraddhAna dvArA artha kA avadhAraNa karanA AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna hai|"204 isake atirikta jo svayaM padArthoM ke rahasya ko jAnatA hai aura dUsaroM ke prati usakA pratipAdana karanA cAhatA hai isalie sva siddhAnta ke samarthana karane ke lie jo tarka, naya aura pramANa kA sahArA liyA jAtA hai vaha sarvajJa kI AjJA ko prakAzita karanevAlA hone se AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna kahA jAtA hai|205 isa dharmadhyAna kA uddezya hai vastuoM ke tAttvika svabhAva ke saMbaMdha meM bauddhika spaSTatA kA honaa| (2) apAyavicaya (vikAroM ke vinAza kA ciMtana)- mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra206 se utpanna duHkhoM se saMsArI jIvoM ko chur3Ane ke lie upayukta sAdhanoM kA ciMtana karanA207 apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai| "mithyAdRSTi jIva janmAMdha puruSa ke samAna sarvajJa-praNIta mArga se vimukha hote haiM, unheM sanmArga kA jJAna na hone se ve mokSArthI puruSoM ko dUra se hI tyAga dete haiMisa prakAra sanmArga ke upAya kA ciMtana karanA apAyavicaya dharmadhyAna hai|" isake atirikta jJAnArNava ke anusAra sAdhaka ko yaha socanA cAhiye ki "maiM kauna hU~? karmoM kA Asrava aura baMdha kyoM hotA hai? karma kaise naSTa kiye jA sakate haiM? mokSa kyA hai? mokSaprApti para AtmA kA svabhAva kyA hotA hai?"208 yadi AjJAvicaya satya meM sthApita karatA hai to apAyavicaya satya kI anubhUti ke lie vikAroM ke vinAza para ciMtana karatA hai| (3) vipAkavicaya (karmoM ke svarUpa kI vicAraNA)204. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36 205. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36 206. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36 207. mUlAcAra, 400 208. jJAnArNava, 34/11 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (53) For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIvoM ke karmoM ke phala para ciMtana karanA vipAkavicaya dharmadhyAna hai|209 (4) saMsthAnavicaya (loka ke svabhAva kA ciMtana)- loka ke svabhAva, vistAra aura usake ghaTakoM kI vibhinnatA para cintana karanA saMsthAnavicaya dharmadhyAna hai|210 isa dharmadhyAna se sAdhaka loka meM apanI sthiti anubhava kara letA hai| kArtikeya ke dvArA dharmadhyAna kI pAramparika vyAkhyA meM navIna dRSTi jor3I gayI jisake anusAra saba prakAra ke vicAroM ko chor3akara AtmA para dhyAna karanA dharmadhyAna hai|211 zukladhyAna zukladhyAna kA phala hai- mana kA moharahita honA aura kevalajJAna prApta karake AtmapradezoM ko parispandana-rahita krnaa| isake cAra bheda haiM-212 pRthaktvavitarka, ekatvavitarka, sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura vyuprtkriyaanivrti| prathama do zukladhyAna kevalajJAna hone taka hote haiM arthAt jIvanamukta hone taka hote haiM aura aMtima do kevalI (sayogakevalI aura ayogakevalI) ke hote haiN|213 ina dhyAnoM kA saMbaMdha yogoM se hai, prathama kA saMbaMdha tIna yoga se, dvitIya kA saMbaMdha eka yoga se, tRtIya kA saMbaMdha kAya yoga se aura caturtha kA saMbaMdha ayoga se hotA hai| tIna yogavAle ke pRthaktvavitarka dhyAna hotA hai, tIna yogoM meM se eka yogavAle ke ekatvavitarka dhyAna hotA hai, kAya yogavAle ke sUkSmakriyApratipAti dhyAna hotA hai aura ayogI ke vyuparatakriyAnivarti dhyAna hotA hai| 214 209. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36 mUlAcAra, 401 210. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/36 211. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 480 212. tattvArthasUtra, 9/39 213. jJAnArNava, 52/7, 8 214. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/40 (54) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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(1) pRthaktvavitarka- isakA saMbaMdha pRthaktva, vitarka aura vIcAra se hotA hai, arthAt anekatA (pRthaktva), zrutavacana (vitarka) aura tIna yoga aura inameM parivartana (viicaar)| isakA abhiprAya yaha hai ki eka dravya se paryAya para yA paryAya se dravya para , eka vacana se dUsare vacana para aura eka yoga se dUsare yoga para parivartana kA honA vIcAra hai|15 dravya ko chor3akara paryAya meM aura paryAya ko chor3akara dravya meM parivartana honA dravya paryAya parivartana hai| sAdhaka eka zrutavacana kA AlaMbana lekara dUsare vacana kA AlaMbana letA hai aura use bhI tyAgakara anya vacana kA AlaMbana letA hai- yaha vacanaparivartana hai| vaha kAyayoga ko chor3akara dUsare yoga ko svIkAra karatA hai aura dUsare yoga ko chor3akara vaha kAyayoga ko svIkAra karatA hai- yaha yogaparivartana hai| isa prakAra ke parivartana ko vIcAra kahate haiN| isa kAraNa pRthaktvavitarka zukladhyAna ko pRthaktvavitarkavIcAra zukladhyAna bhI kahate haiN| (2) ekatvavitarka- isameM eka yoga se dUsare yoga meM parivartana nahIM hotA hai| anekatA ekatA meM badala jAtI hai arthAt sAdhaka eka dravya, eka paryAya, vacana para kisI eka yoga kI sahAyatA se dhyAna karatA hai, koI parivartana nahIM hotA hai|216 isa kAraNa ekatvavitarka zukladhyAna ko ekatvavitarkaavIcAra zukladhyAna bhI kahate haiN| isa taraha se pahalA zukladhyAna savitarka (vacana-sahita) aura savIcAra (parivartana-sahita) hotA hai aura dUsarA zukladhyAna savitarka (vacanasahita) aura avIcAra (parivartana-rahita) hotA hai| isa prakAra ekatvavitarka zukladhyAna ke dvArA jisane karmarUpI IMdhana ko jalA diyA hai usake 215. tattvArthasUtra, 9/44 216. jJAnArNava, 52/29 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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kevalajJAna prakAzita ho jAtA hai|17 (3) sUkSmakriyApratipAti- jaba Ayu meM artamuhUrta kAla zeSa rahatA hai taba saba prakAra ke vacanayoga aura manoyoga tyAgakara sUkSma kAyayoga kA avalambana lekara dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha sUkSmakriyApratipAti zukladhyAna kahalAtA hai|218 dUsare zabdoM meM, mana-vacana ke yoga avaruddha ho jAte haiM aura kevala sUkSma kAyayoga rahatA hai|219 (4) vyuparatakriyAnivarti- jaba saba prakAra kI kriyAe~ ruka jAtI haiM aura niSkriya avasthA utpanna hotI hai, to isa dhyAna ko vyuparatakriyAnivarti zukladhyAna kahate haiN| pUjyapAda220 isako samucchinnakriyAnivarti dhyAna kahate hai| isameM kriyA kA uccheda ho jAtA hai, phalasvarUpa Atmapradeza kA parispandana bhI samApta ho jAtA hai| isameM sUkSma kAyayoga bhI samApta ho jAtA hai aura AtmA mana-vacana aura kAya kI kriyAoM se mukta ho jAtA hai aura vaha ucita samaya meM videhamukti prApta kara letA hai| yahA~ saba prakAra kA AtmaparispaMdana samApta ho jAtA hai aura AtmA sarvathA niSprakaMpa ho jAtA hai|221 (vyuparata kA artha hai- jo ruka gayA ho aura nivarti kA artha hai- niSkriya avsthaa)| muni ke AdhyAtmika maraNa ke prakAra pA~ca prakAra ke maraNa meM se muni paMDita-maraNa ke yogya hotA hai| jisake tIna bheda haiM- bhaktapratijJA-maraNa, iMginI-maraNa aura praayopgmnmrnn|222 kevala vaha muni jisake asAdhya roga hai, asahanIya vRddhAvasthA 217. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/44 218. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/44 219. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/44 220. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/44 221. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/44 222. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 29 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai, sthAnIya akAla hai, sunane aura dekhane meM kamajorI hai, pairoM meM azaktatA hai aura kaI aparihArya kaSTa Adi haiM usa muni ko uparyukta maraNoM meM se koI bhI maraNa grahaNa karane kI svIkRti hai|23 jo muni cAritra kA pAlana karane meM samartha hai usako isa prakAra ke maraNa grahaNa nahIM karane caahie|224 aba hama bhaktapratijJA-maraNa kA varNana kreNge| (i) bhaktapratijJA-maraNa uparyukta abhivyakta kI gayI paristhitiyoM meM tathA prAkRtika mRtyu kI nizcitatA (adhika se adhika 12 varSa meM25 yA kama se kama 6 mahIne meM) jAna lI gayI hai to muni bhaktapratijJA-maraNa apanAtA hai| pahale to muni kisI yogya AcArya ke nirdezana meM aMtaraMga va bAhya tyAga kI prakriyA apanAtA hai|26 aMtaraMga tyAga kA saMbaMdha hai- krodha Adi kaSAyoM ke naSTa karane se aura bAhya tyAga kA saMbaMdha hai- zarIra ko durbala karane se|227 muni sabhI prakAra ke parigraha kA tyAga kara detA hai sivAya pIchI kamaMDalu ke| bAhya aura aMtaraMga zuddhatA prApta karatA hai aura tapa, jJAna, nirbhayatA, ekAnta aura dhairya para cintana karatA hai|228 vaha zakti bar3hAnevAle rasoM ko chor3akara kevala sAdA bhojana letA hai aura chaha prakAra ke bAhya tapoM kA pAlana karatA hai| muni apane zarIra ko zanaiH-zanaiH 223. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 71-74 224. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 75 225. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 252 uttarAdhyayana, 36/250 226. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 159, 205 227. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 206 228. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 162-167, 187 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (57)

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kamajora karatA hai / yadyapi vaha sAvadhAnI rakhatA hai ki usakI aMtaraMga zAnti meM bAdhA na Aye | 229 zarIra ko kamajora karane kI sabhI prakAra kI vidhiyoM meM se do dina kA upavAsa, tIna dina kA yA pA~ca dina kA upavAsa aura phira halakA bhojana karanA prazaMsanIya mAnA gayA hai | 230 isake sAtha hI muni ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha kSamA se krodha ko, vinaya se mAna ko, niSkapaTatA se mAyAcAra ko aura saMtoSa se lobha ko dUra kare | 23" usI prakAra hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, kAmuka pravRttiyA~ aura AhAra, bhaya, kAmavAsanA aura parigraha, tIna azubha lezyAe~ arthAt kRSNa, nIla aura kApota tathA alaukika zaktiyoM ke prati Asakti - una sabako haTA denA cAhie | 232 yaha sampUrNa prakriyA satata jArI rahatI hai jaba taka zarIra se AtmA pRthak nahIM ho jAtA hai| AcAryoM ke dvArA muni AdhyAtmika vAtAvaraNa meM rakhA jAtA hai jisase mRtyu ke samaya bhAva na bigar3a jAye / (ii) iMginI -maraNa iMginI -maraNa kA pAlana karanA bhaktapratijJA - maraNa se jyAdA kaThina hai| yaha una muniyoM ke lie hai jinake pAsa uttama zarIra hai| vaha aise sthAna para jAtA hai jo prANiyoM se rahita ho, sUrya kI rozanI se prakAzita ho aura vahA~ chidra Adi na ho / vahA~ vaha prANiyoM se rahita ghAsa ke bichaune para leTa jAtA hai yA baiTha jAtA hai yA khar3A rahatA hai| 233 jaba vaha apane mana meM se dveSa vicAra nikAla detA hai aura darzana, jJAna aura 229. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 207, 208, 246-248 230. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 250, 251 231. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 260 232. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 268 233. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2035 2036, 2041 (58) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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cAritra meM apane Apako sthApita karatA hai aura kaI prakAra ke bhojana aura parigraha ko tyAga detA hai| 234 vaha saba parISaha sahatA hai aura sAre pralobhanoM ko niDaratApUrvaka rokatA hai aura jaMgalI jAnavaroM dvArA yadi usakA zarIra azobhanIya sthAnoM para pheMka diyA gayA hai to bhI vaha vicalita nahIM hotA hai|235 vaha apane Apako dhyAna meM lagAtA hai, nidrA ko TAlatA hai aura Avazyaka niyamoM kI avahelanA nahIM karatA hai|236 saMkSepa meM usakA sArA samaya dhyAna meM, svAdhyAya meM aura zubha ciMtana meM jAtA hai| usako dUsare muniyoM aura AcArya kI sevA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai| bhaktapratijJA-maraNa meM muni apanI sevA karatA hai aura dUsaroM se karavAtA hai kintu iMginI-maraNa meM vaha dUsaroM kI sevA asvIkAra kara detA hai lekina prAyopagamana-maraNa meM na to vaha apanI sevA karatA hai aura na dUsaroM kI sevA svIkAra karatA hai| 237 (iii) prAyopagamana-maraNa prAyopagamana-maraNa meM muni ko mala-visarjana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI hai|238 vaha apane zarIra ko eka hI sthiti meM sadaiva rakhatA hai|39 vaha ghAsa kA bichaunA kAma meM nahIM letA hai| 234. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2038, 2039 235. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2047-2049 236. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2053-2055 237. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2064 gommaTasAra karmakANDa, 61 238. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2065 239. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 2068 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (59) For Personal & Private Use Only

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pUrva adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa pUrva adhyAya meM muni ke AcAra ke vibhinna pakSoM kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| yaha kahanA nyAyasaMgata hai ki muni kA AcAra hiMsA ko pUrNatayA nakArane ke mApadaNDa ke anurUpa hai| prathama, hamane yaha samajhAne kA prayAsa kiyA hai ki muni kA anuzAsanAtmaka jIvana una sabhI kA unmUlana kara detA hai jo usakI AdhyAtmika jyoti ke vikAsa meM bAdhaka hote haiN| vaha una sabhI hAnikAraka tattvoM ko miTA detA hai jo AtmA kI bahumUlya UrjA ko naSTa karate haiM aura divya garimA aura saundarya ke prakaTIkaraNa ko avaruddha karate haiM / dvitIya, hamane AdhyAtmika jIvana prerakoM ke mahattva aura unake svarUpa kI vyAkhyA kI hai| hamane aMtaraMga aura bAhya anuzAsana kI AvazyakatA para jora diyA hai aura aTThAIsa mUlaguNoM ke kaThora pAlana ke mahattva ko samajhAyA hai| tRtIya, hamane parISahoM aura tapoM ke svabhAva kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai aura sAtha meM parISahajaya aura tapoM ke pAlana ke mahattva ko samajhAyA hai| aMta meM muni kI sallekhanA (mRtyu kA AdhyAtmika svAgata ) kI prakriyA ko prastuta kiyA hai| chaThA adhyAya jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva tattvamImAMsA, AcAra aura rahasyavAda hamane spaSTa kiyA hai ki jainAcAra ke siddhAnta tattvamImAMsA para Azrita haiN| ahiMsA kI dhAraNA vastuoM ke tAttvika svarUpa kA tArkika Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (60) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
pariNAma hai| sampUrNa AcArazAstra jo gRhastha aura muni ke lie nirdhArita hai vaha vyavahAra meM ahiMsA ke rUpAntaraNa ke lie pratipAdita hai, jisakI pUrNatA rahasyAtmaka anubhUti meM udghATita hotI hai| isa taraha se AcArazAstra ke srota kA saMbaMdha yadi tattvamImAMsA se ghaniSTha hai to usakA rahasyavAda se bhI saMbaMdha kama nahIM hai| yaha batAnA anupayukta nahIM hogA ki AcArazAstra tAttvika ciMtana aura rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke bIca kI kar3I hai| yaha tattvajJAna (Metaphysics) se rahasyavAda (Mysticism) kI ora mArga prazasta karatA hai| buddhi (Intellect) se antardRSTi (Intuition) kI ora yAtrA AcAra ke mAdhyama se sampanna kI jAtI hai| pro. rAnADe kA kathana isa dRSTi se bahuta mahattva kA hai- "jisa prakAra buddhi (Intellect), saMkalpa (Will) aura bhAva (Emotion) uccatama manovaijJAnika vikAsa meM eka dUsare se alaga nahIM kiye jA sakate usI prakAra tattvamImAMsA (Metaphysics), AcAra (Ethics) aura rahasyavAda (Mysticism) uccatama AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM eka dUsare se alaga nahIM kiye jA sakate haiN|" aba hama rahasyAtmaka jIvana ke lie jaina AcAra ke mahattva ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kareMge aura usakI AdhyAtmika kSetra meM antaHzakti ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha guNasthAnoM para vicAra kareMge, jaisA ki jainAcAryoM dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| rahasyavAda kA svarUpa guNasthAnoM ke svarUpa ke bAre meM vicAra karane se pahale hama rahasyavAda ke svarUpa para vicAra kreNge| aisA karane se hama jaina AcAra kI dhAraNA kA ucita mUlyAMkana karane meM samartha ho skeNge| 'rahasyavAda' zabda 1. Constructive Survey of Upanisadic philosophy, P.288 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (61) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kA koI eka artha nahIM hai yadyapi isakA itihAsa bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai| isakA vibhinna prakAra se prayoga huA hai aura isakI vyAkhyA vibhinna prakAra se kI gayI hai| 'rahasyavAda' kI vibhinna abhivyaktiyoM aura vyAkhyAoM para vicAra karanA hamArA uddezya nahIM hai / vibhinna prakAra ke artha hote hue bhI unameM bhinnatA se adhika sAmaMjasya hai| pro. rAnADe kA kathana ucita pratIta hotA hai - "vibhinna yugoM aura dezoM ke rahasyavAdI eka divya samAja kA nirmANa karate haiN| " 2 " vahA~ koI jAtigata, sAmpradAyika aura rASTrIya pUrvAgraha nahIM hai| rahasyavAdI anubhava jo zAzvata aura ananta hotA hai usakA deza va kAla se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai / " " " rahasyavAda kA tAnA-bAnA kisI bhI tattvajJAnarUpI dhAgoM se bunA jA sakatA hai lekina rahasyavAdI hamezA zabdoM se pare jAte haiM aura ekatA kA anubhava karate haiM / ' "4 jainadharma meM 'rahasyavAda' kA samAnArthaka zabda 'zuddhopayoga' hai| kundakunda ke anusAra bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai arthAt bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt' antarAtmA ke dvArA paramAtmA kI parA-naitika avasthA ko prApta karanA rahasyavAda hai / antarAtmA bahirAtmA ko Avazyaka rUpa se tyAga detA hai jisake phalasvarUpa dhyAna aura dUsare naitika sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se paramAtmA meM rUpAntaraNa ho jAtA hai| / kundakunda kA anusaraNa 2. Mysticism in Maharastra, Preface, P. 1 3. Pathway to God in Hindi Literature, P.2 4. paramAtmaprakAza, bhUmikA, pRSTha 26 5. mokSapAhuDa, 4, 7 (62) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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karate hue yogIndu, pUjyapAda,' zubhacandra aura kArtikeya' Adi ne isa kathana kA samarthana kiyA hai| yaha batAnA asaMgata nahIM hogA ki lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti se kevalajJAna kI sahaja utpatti ke kAraNa pUrNa astitva jAna liyA jAtA hai| AtmAnubhUti aura dUsare dravyoM kA jJAna eka sAtha hotA hai| pro. rAnADe ke anusAra "rahasyavAda Izvara kA pratyakSa, tAtkAlika, maulika aura antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna hai|" pro. rAnADe ke dvArA dI gayI paribhASA rahasyavAda kI jaina dhAraNA ke anurUpa ho jAtI hai yadi 'Izvara' zabda lokAtIta AtmA ke artha meM samajhA jAtA hai| isa prakAra rahasyavAda korA ciMtana nahIM hai kintu maulika, svabhAvagata anubhava hai| yaha indriyagata jIvana se AtmA ke jIvana kI ora gamana hai, jisakA artha hai apane zAzvata svabhAva ko prApta krnaa| yaha lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti hai| vyaktigata AtmA kA sImita guNadharma tirohita ho jAtA hai aura zAzvata AtmA udita hotI hai jisako vyakti apanA mUla svabhAva mAnatA hai| hama saMkSepa meM kaha sakate haiM ki rahasyavAda kI anubhUti pUrNa jIvana kI parAkASThA hai jo nizcaya samyagdarzana, jJAna aura cAritra se prApta kI jAtI hai| - rahasyavAda kI jo paribhASA dI gayI hai usameM rahasyavAda kA uddezya aura prApti kI prakriyA donoM sammilita hai| isa taraha rahasyavAda ke svarUpa kI abhivyakti sAdhaka ke AdhyAtmika khoja kA saMkSiptIkaraNa 6.. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/12 7. samAdhizataka, 4, 27 8. jJAnArNava, 32/10 9. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 192 10. Mysticism in Maharastra, Preface, P.1 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (63) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai| jisa prakAra kundakunda ne AtmA ke lokAtIta aura sAMsArika svarUpa kI nizcaya aura vyavahAra se spaSTa vyAkhyA kI hai usI prakAra unhoMne AtmA ke tIna prakAra batAye haiM jisake dvArA AtmA aura anAtmA meM bheda saMbhava ho sakegA aura rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke dvAra khula hI nahIM sakeMge balki usake sAtha tAdAtmya sthApita kiyA jA skegaa| tIna prakAra kI AtmA kA nirUpaNa (ka) bahirAtmA - bahirAtmA ke artha ko cArvAka darzana sArarUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| bahirAtmA kA lakSaNa hai- prathama, vaha apane ApakA bhautika zarIra se, saMbaMdhoM se aura vibhinna vastuoM se tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai|1 . . jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha zarIra ke naSTa hone para apane Apako naSTa mAnatA hai| dvitIya, indriyoM ke kSaNabhaMgura sukhoM meM vaha apane Apako vyasta rakhatA hai,13 saMsAra kI icchita vastuoM kI prApti se apane Apako ullasita anubhava karatA hai aura jaba ve naSTa ho jAtI haiM to nirutsAhita ho jAtA hai| tRtIya, vaha tapoM ke dvArA bhautika sukhoM ko prApta karane kA icchuka hotA hai aura mRtyu ke vicAra se hI bhayabhIta ho jAtA hai| 11. mokSapAhuDa, 8 samAdhizataka, 7, 13, 69 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 193 12. jJAnArNava, 32/18 13. samAdhizataka, 7, 55, paramAtmaprakAza, 1/84 14. samAdhizataka, 76 (64) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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(kha) antarAtmA prathama, vaha AdhyAtmika rUpa se jAgrata AtmA hai| jisane ATha prakAra ke madoM ko tyAga diyA hai aura vaha apane AtmA ko hI apanA upayukta AvAsa mAnatA hai aura bAhya bhautika AvAsoM ko aprAkRtika aura kRtrima samajhatA hai|" dvitIya, usane sabhI saMbaMdhoM se aura dhana Adi vaibhava se tAdAtmya samApta kara diyA hai| tRtIya, AtmA ke jAgrata hone se usane apane aura saMsAra ke prati advitIya dRSTikoNa vikasita kiyA hai| usakA AtmA hI aisA hai jisako mokSa kA adhikAra prApta ho gayA hai|'' vaha aisI antardRSTi ko prApta kara letA hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha bahirAtmA kI avasthA meM upasthita rAga aura dveSa rUpI zatruoM para prahAra karake vijaya prApta kara letA hai| tIna prakAra kI antarAtmA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke sopAnoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue kArtikeyAnuprekSA antarAtmA ke tIna prakAra svIkAra karatI hai:- (i) jisane samyagdarzana prApta kara liyA hai, jo jinendra bhakta hai, jo AtmanindA karatA hai, jo guNoM ko grahaNa karane meM tatpara hotA hai, jo guNIjanoM 15. mokSapAhuDa, 5. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 194 16. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 194, ATha prakAra ke mada-(1) jJAna, (2) pratiSThA, (3) kula, (4) jAti, (5) bala, (6) Rddhi yA vidyA, (7) tapa aura . (8) zarIra 17. samAdhizataka, 73 18. mokSapAhuDa, 17 19. mokSapAhuDa, 14, 87 20. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 194 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (65) For Personal & Private Use Only

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ke prati anurAga rakhatA hai, jo jIvana meM vrata-rahita hotA hai vaha jaghanya antarAtmA kahalAtA hai| (ii) aNuvratoM kA pAlana karatA huA gRhastha aura pramAda rahita muni jisakI kaSAya maMda hai aura jo AdhyAtmika mArga meM dRr3ha nizcayI hai vaha madhyama antarAtmA kahalAtA hai|22 (iii) vaha muni jisane pramAda ko jIta liyA hai tathA dharmadhyAna aura zukladhyAna meM sthita ho gayA hai vaha utkRSTa antarAtmA kahalAtA hai| (ga) paramAtmA paramAtmA sarvocca AtmA hai| yaha sAdhaka ke jIvana kI paripUrNatA hai, usake AdhyAtmika prayatnoM kI samApti hai| sadeha paramAtmA arhat kahalAtA hai jaba ki videha paramAtmA siddha hotA hai|24 mokSapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki AtmA karmarUpImala se rahita hai, doSamukta hai, zarIra aura indriyarahita hai, kevalajJAna va zuddhatA se yukta hai| vaha janma, vRddhAvasthA va maraNa se mukta hai; sarvocca, zuddha, ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta sukha aura ananta vIryasahita hai; avibhAjya aura avinAzI hai| isake atirikta vaha atIndriya hai, pApa-puNya aura punarjanma se rahita tathA zAzvata, sthira aura svatantra hai| 21. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 197 22. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 196 23. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 195 24. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 198 25. mokSapAhuDa, 5, 6 niyamasAra, 7 26. niyamasAra, 176 27. niyamasAra, 177 (66) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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rahasyavAdI mArga isa prakAra bahirAtmA jo mithyAdRSTi hotA hai, vaha tyAgane yogya hai| antarAtmA jo samyagdRSTi hai arthAt jo AtmA jAgrata hotA hai vaha zarIra, bAhya jagata aura zubha-azubha manobhAvoM se pUrNatayA bhinna hotA hai| paramAtmA rahasyavAdI khoja kA vAstavika lakSya hai| antarAtmA se paramAtmA taka kI yAtrA naitika aura bauddhika sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI hai jisase antardivyatA kI utpatti meM jo bAdhaka hotA hai vaha miTA diyA jAtA hai| pUrNatA prApta hone se pahale eka jyotipUrNa avasthA se giranA saMbhava ho sakatA hai| pUrNa rahasyavAdI mArga isa prakAra batAyA jA sakatA hai- (1) AtmajAgrati, (2) zuddhIkaraNa, (3) jyotipUrNa avasthA, (4) AtmA kI aMdhakAramaya rAtri aura (5) lokAtIta (arhat) avsthaa| aMDarahila ke anusAra "uparyukta sabhI vikAsa kI prakriyA ke vibhinna pakSa haiM, jo cetanA ko nimna stara se ucca stara para le jAte haiM aura jIvana ko svatantra AdhyAtmika jagata' ke anusAra nirmita karane kI preraNA dete haiN|"28 jainadarzana kI zabdAvalI meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra rahasyavAdI prayatnoM ke lie anullaMghanIya haiN| isa taraha buddhi, saMkalpa aura bhAva- ye tInoM hI ghaTaka rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke lie kie gae prayatna TAle nahIM jA sakate haiN| rahasyavAdI (Mystic) aura tattvamImAMsaka (Metaphysician) ...tAttvika zabdAvalI meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki rahasyavAda AtmA kI svAbhAvika utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI anubhUti hai| yaha AtmA ke svAbhAvika guNa aura paryAya kI abhivyakti hai arthAt yaha AtmA 28. Mysticism, P.169 29. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 20 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (67) For Personal & Private Use Only

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kI svarUpasattA kI anubhUti hai| rahasyavAda aura tattvamImAMsA dravya kI samasyA ke prati bheda darzAte haiN| (1) rahasyavAdI kA mUlabhUta uddezya karmoM ke AvaraNa ko bhedakara lokAtIta jIvana kI ora agrasara honA hai jisameM kevalajJAna ke utpanna hone ke kAraNa pUrNa astitva anubhava kara liyA jAtA hai| isa artha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki tattvamImAMsaka aura rahasyavAdI eka hI uddezya kI ora bar3hate haiM jaba ki tattvamImAMsaka bauddhika cintana se uddezya ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| rahasyavAdI jo anubhava karatA hai tattvamImAsaMka usako buddhi ke dvArA vicAratA hai| yadi rahasyavAdI kI paddhati anubhava aura antarjJAna hai to. tattvamImAsaMka kI paddhati kevala vicAraNA hai| rahasyavAda mukhya rUpa se vyAvahArika. (Practical) hai jaba ki tattvamImAsaMka vizeSatayA saiddhAntika (Theoritical) hai| (2) rahasyavAdI dRSTikoNa vyavahAranaya kI tarapha niSedhAtmaka hotA hai, yaha rahasyavAdI ke lie asatya, nirarthaka hotA hai| isake viparIta tattvamImAsaMka dravya kA svarUpa pramANa aura naya se jAnatA hai aura dravya ke pratyeka pakSa ko saptabhaMgoM se jAnane ke pazcAt syAdvAda ke mAdhyama se abhivyakta karatA hai| (3) rahasyavAdI lokAtIta AtmA kA anubhava karane ke pazcAt lokottara zAzvata saMtuSTi prApta karatA hai| isake viparIta tattvamImAMsaka pUre astitva ko parokSa rUpa se jAnane ke pazcAt kevala bauddhika azAzvata saMtuSTi prApta karatA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, rahasyavAdI pratyakSa anubhava rakhatA hai jaba ki tattvamImAMsaka kevala parokSa anubhava rakhatA hai| (4) rahasyavAdI bauddhika anubhava kA virodhI nahIM hai jaba ki tattvamImAMsaka isakA virodhI ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra buddhi antarjJAna kI virodhI nahIM hai kevala antarjJAna vizleSaNAtmaka buddhi se Upara uTha jAtA hai| dravya ko pUrNatayA jAnane meM buddhi kI azaktatA jIta lI jAtI hai| jainadarzana isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai ki dravya (68) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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(Reality) bauddhika aura antardRSTyAtmaka stara para eka-dUsare ke pUrNa virodhI hai| hama sarasarI taura para kaha sakate haiM ki buddhi AdhyAtmika yAtrA ke lie Avazyaka hai jaise antarjJAna paramotkarSa va upasaMhAra ke lie| jaise hI rahasyavAdI AdhyAtmika mArga para Age bar3hatA hai usakI buddhi kuzAgra ho jAtI hai| yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki mahAn rahasyavAdI mahAn tattvamImAMsaka ho sakate haiM jaise- kundakunda, pUjyapAda, samantabhadra, yogIndu, amRtacandra, haribhadra aura hemacandra ne vismayakArI mahattva ke sAhitya kI racanA kI hai| rahasyavAdI kI jaina dhAraNA aura usakA tattvamImAMsA se saMbaMdha kA vicAra karane ke pazcAt aura yaha jAnane ke pazcAt ki rahasyavAdI aura tAttvika dRSTi eka dUsare se bahuta dUra haiM, aba hama rahasyavAdI mArga kA caudaha guNasthAnoM ke antargata vicAra kareMge, jaisA jainAcAryoM ke dvArA pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| hama guNasthAnoM ko nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata rakhane kA prayAsa kreNge| udAharaNArtha- (1) jAgrati se pUrva 30. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 9-10, guNasthAna haiM- (1) mithyAtva (2) sAsAdana (3) mizra (4) - aviratasamyagdRSTi (5) dezavirata yA viratAvirata (6) pramattavirata (7) apramattavirata (8) apUrvakaraNa (9) anivRttikaraNa (10) sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna (11) upazAntakaSAya (12) kSINakaSAya (13) sayogakevalI guNasthAna (14) ayogakevalI gunnsthaan|| 31. (1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla- mithyAtva guNasthAna (2) AtmajAgrati aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna aura usase patana- (ka) sAsAdana guNasthAna (kha) mizra guNasthAna (3) zuddhIkaraNa- (ka) viratAvirata guNasthAna (kha) pramattavirata guNasthAna (4) jyotipUrNa avasthA- (ka) apramattavirata guNasthAna (kha) apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna (ga) anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna (gha) sUkSmasAmparAya guNasthAna (Ga) upazAntakaSAya guNasthAna (ca) kSINakaSAya guNasthAna (5) jyotipUrNa avasthA ke pazcAta aMdhakAra kAla- pahale guNasthAna meM yA caturtha guNasthAna meM giranA (6) lokAtIta jIvana- (ka) sayogakevalI guNasthAna (kha) ayogakevalI gunnsthaan| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (69)

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AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla yA mithyAtva guNasthAna (2) AtmajAgrati aura usase patana (3) zuddhIkaraNa (4) jyotipUrNa avasthA (5) jyoti ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kAla aura (6) lokAtIta jiivn| (1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla yA mithyAtva guNasthAna duHkha ke kAraNa saMsArI AtmA anavarata asaMtoSa aura azAnti kI sthiti meM rahatA hai usakA kAraNa anAdikAla se calA A rahA mohanIya karma hai jo mAnasika avasthA meM 'moha' utpanna karatA hai| 'moha' kI yaha avasthA, jo AtmA ke dRSTikoNa ko vikRta kara detI hai aura usake pariNAmasvarUpa cAritra ko rahasyavAdI anubhava kI prApti meM ahitakara banA detI hai (vaha) mithyAtva aura kaSAya kI avasthA hai| prAraMbha meM hama mithyAtva ke svarUpa aura kArya kI vyAkhyA kareMge aura isake vibhinna bhedoM ko smjhaayeNge| kaSAya ke svarUpa para Age vicAra kreNge| mithyAtva hamArI dRSTi ko anucita dizA meM isa taraha se mor3a detA hai ki carama mUlyoM meM vikRta zraddhA yA azraddhA utpanna ho jAtI hai|32 mithyAtva kA yaha prabhAva itanA dRr3ha hotA hai ki AtmA kA ucita mArga kI ora jhukAva nahIM hotA hai jisa prakAra pitta jvara se grasita vyakti ko madhura rasa acchA nahIM lgtaa| dUsare zabdoM meM, mithyAdRSTi AtmAe~ anucita mArga kI ora jhukI huI hotI haiN| tAttvika dRSTikoNa se socane para hama kaha sakate haiM ki AtmA jisane yathArtha dRSTi ko nahIM 32. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 163, gAthA 107 33. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 17 34. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 162 (70) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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apanAyA hai balki azuddha paryAyoM meM lIna hai (vaha) parasamaya yA mithyAdRSTi kahalAtA hai| hamane yaha batAyA hai ki mithyAtva jJAna aura cAritra ko vikRta kara detA hai| isakI upasthiti meM jJAna aura cAritra kitane hI vistRta hoM aura naitikatA se vyApta hoM to bhI hamako rahasyavAda kI bhavya U~cAiyoM para le jAne ke lie azakta hote haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA ke itihAsa meM ghora aMdhakAra kA kAla vaha hai jaba AtmA mithyAtva se grasita hotA hai| yaha hamAre sabhI rahasyavAdI prayatnoM ko avaruddha kara detA hai| ekendriya jIvoM se asaMjJI (manarahita) paMcendriya taba taka mithyAtvarUpI jahara kA zikAra hotA hai jaba taka vaha saMjJI (manasahita) paMcendriya rUpa meM utpanna nahIM hotA hai| yaha Azcaryajanaka hai ki ina saMjJI (manasahita) paMcendriya jIvoM meM kucha aise hote haiM jo kabhI bhI isa ghora aMdhakAramaya kAla ko jIta nahIM skeNge| ata: ve kabhI bhI mokSa prApta nahIM kara skeNge| jaina zabdAvalI meM ve 'abhavya' kahalAte haiN| isa prakAra ve sadaiva vividha prakAra ke janma-maraNa ke adhIna hote haiM aura antahIna duHkhoM ke zikAra rahate haiN| mithyAtva kA bhautika pratirUpa darzanamohanIya karma hai| mithyAdRSTi kI pravRtti paryAyoM meM lIna hone kI banI rahatI hai| mithyAtva se bhramita hone ke kAraNa AtmA apane ApakA raMga, zarIra, liMga, jAti, mata aura dhana se tAdAtmya sthApita kara letA hai| "isake prabhAva meM mithyAdRSTi dharma ko adharma mAnatA hai, mArga ko amArga mAnatA hai, jIva ko ajIva 35. pravacanasAra, 1/1,2 36. samayasAra, 275 amRtacandra kI TIkA sahita 37. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/77 38. paramAtmaprakAza, 80-83 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (71) For Personal & Private Use Only

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mAnatA hai, sAdhu ko asAdhu mAnatA hai, mukta ko amukta mAnatA hai aura isake viparIta bhii|"39 isake atirikta yadi AtmA apane vikRta (mithyAtva) dRSTikoNa ko lie hue naitika mArga para bhI calatA hai to vaha vratoM ke pAlana ko, tapa karane ko tathA Agama par3hane ko apane Apa meM lakSya mAna letA hai aura unako apane andara sthita divyatva ko udghATita karane meM sahAyaka nahIM maantaa| isa prakAra vyavahAranaya hI Adarza ho jAtA hai| hama sArarUpa meM kaha sakate haiM ki mithyAtva kI avasthA bahirAtmA kI avasthA hotI hai| mithyAtva ke prakAra mithyAtva ke prakAroM para naya ke dRSTikoNa se vicAra karane para hama kaha sakate haiM ki eka vastu meM ananta guNa hote haiM, isalie jitane guNa haiM utane naya hote haiN| jaba hama dUsare nayoM ko chor3akara kisI eka naya ko hI pakar3a leM to utanI saMkhyA hI mithyAtva (vikRta pariNAma) kI hogii|1 ataH mithyAtva kI saMkhyA ko sImita karanA AMzika rUpa se hI sahI hogaa| pUjyapAda ke anusAra mithyAtva pA~ca prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai- udAharaNArtha (1) ekAnta, (2) viparIta, (3) saMzaya, (4) vainayika aura (5) ajnyaan| (1) ekAnta- dUsare pakSa ko chor3akara eka pakSa para hI jora denA ekAnta mithyAtva hai|4 (2) viparIta- vastu para 39. sthAnAMga sUtra, 10/1-734 (vide Tatia: Studies in Jaina Philosophy, P. 145) 40. samayasAra, 272-274 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 162, gAthA 105 42. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 162 43. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 44. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 (72) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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vizvAsa karanA jaisI vaha nahIM hai, viparIta mithyAtva kahalAtA hai| (3) saMzaya- jIvana ke carama mUlyoM kI ora saMdehAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhanA saMzaya mithyAtva hai|6 (4) vainayika- ucita aura anucita donoM kA Adara karanA vainayika mithyAtva hai|" (5) ajJAna- una vastuoM ke prati jo UrdhvagAmI dizA kI ora le jAtI haiM aura ve vastue~ jo adhogAmI dizA kI ora le jAtI haiM unameM viveka na karanA ajJAna mithyAtva hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra mithyAtva do prakAra kA bhI hotA haijanmajAta (naisargika) aura arjita (propdeshpuurvk)| pUrvavartI padArthoM yA tattvoM meM janmajAta azraddhA se utpanna hotA hai| paravartI dUsare ke upadeza ke vikRta dRSTikoNa ke prabhAva se (a-tattvoM meM vizvAsa se) utpanna hotA hai| ina donoM meM bheda yaha hai ki prathama prakAra kA mithyAtva asaMjJI (manarahita-atArkika) stara para bhI saMbhava hai, jaba ki dUsare prakAra kA mithyAtva saMjJI (manasahita-tArkika) paMcendriya manuSyoM meM hI hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vikasita buddhivAle prANI (saMjJI) bAharI vikRta dRSTi ko grahaNa kara lete haiM, jaba ki avikasita buddhivAle prANI " (asaMjJI) tattvoM meM janmajAta azraddhA meM hI jIte haiN| 45. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 46. . sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 47. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 48. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 49. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 50. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 51. sarvArthasiddhi, 8/1 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (73) For Personal & Private Use Only

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naitika, bauddhika aura AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa hamane yaha batAyA hai ki mithyAtva guNasthAna meM AtmA kI dazA pUrNa rUpa se candragrahaNa ke samAna hotI hai athavA bAdaloM se ghire hue AkAza kI taraha hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, yaha AdhyAtmika nidrA kI sthiti hai jisakI vizeSatA hai ki AtmA svayaM hI isa nidrA se avagata nahIM hai| niHsandeha yaha aMdhakAra kA kAla hai aura AtmA isa vismayakArI aMdhakAra se anabhijJa rahatA hai / aMdhakAramaya AtmA ke vyApaka lakSaNa isa prakAra haiM- aindrika jIvana aura apavitra vastuoM meM gahana Asakti, AtmA kA zarIra, kaSAya aura bAhyatA ke sAtha tAdAtmya, lokAtIta jIvana jo puNya-pApa se pare hotA hai usase anabhijJatA, sAta prakAra ke bhaya aura ATha prakAra ke mada se grasita aura mana kI azAnti / mithyAdRSTi ke dvArA bauddhika aura naitika yogyatA prApta hone para bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki usane AdhyAtmika aMdhakAra ko haTA diyA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, vaha gahana rUpa se bauddhika aura dRr3ha rUpa se naitika ho sakatA hai kintu usameM rahasyavAda kI yogyatA kA abhAva rahegA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha eka rahasyavAdI satya kA khojI aura paramAtmA kI ora gati karanevAlA nahIM kahA jA skegaa| uparyukta varNana Azcaryacakita kara sakatA hai kintu jainAcAryoM ke dvArA dravyaliMgI 2 muni aura abhavyoM kA varNana jo bauddhika jJAna aura naitika vikAsa meM unnata the, AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa-rahita jIvana ke udAharaNa haiM / niHsandeha bauddhika jJAna aura naitika rUpAntaraNa, Agama kA adhyayana aura naitika siddhAntoM ke prati dRr3ha lagana se kucha AtmAoM meM rahasyavAdI rUpAntaraNa 52. AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa ke binA muni / 53. ve AtmAe~ jo mokSa prApta karane meM asamartha haiN| (74) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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sugama ho sakatA hai kintu ve niyamAnusAra isako utpanna nahIM kara skte| bauddhika aura naitika upalabdhiyA~ niHsandeha sAmAjika dRSTikoNa se upayogI haiM kintu AvazyakarUpa se AdhyAtmika jAgrati utpanna karane meM asamartha rheNgii| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa kA naitika rUpAntaraNa aura bauddhika upalabdhiyoM se bheda kiyA jAnA caahie| bAhya zubha cAritra aura prabhAvazAlI bauddhikatA- ye AdhyAtmika parivartana kI sUcaka nahIM ho sakatI haiN| isake viparIta eka manuSya naitika mArga para gamana karate hue aura pariSkRta dRSTikoNa na rakhate hue bhI AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa kA svAmI ho sakatA hai| kintu isa kAraNa se naitika AcaraNa aura pariSkRta jJAna kI nindA nahIM kI jAnI cAhie, yadyapi AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa ko unake sAtha gaDDamaDDa nahIM karanA caahie| hama jaise sAmAnya logoM ke dvArA akele naitika jIvana para yA jJAna ke sAtha naitika jIvana para jahA~ kahIM bhI vaha dikhAyI de usa para zraddhA kI jAnI cAhie, kintu naitika rUpAntaraNa aura AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa ko milAnA nahIM caahie| pro. dAte ke anusAra "naitika jIvana dviguNita rUpa se mUlyavAna hai- samAja ke utthAna ke lie aura AdhyAtmika jIvana ke AdhAra ke rUpa meN|"54 rahasyavAda kA phUla kevala naitikatA rUpI pAnI se nahIM khilatA hai kintu isake sAtha hI AdhyAtmika khAda kI bhI AvazyakatA hotI hai| naitikatA AdhyAtmikatA ke sAtha rahasyAtmaka anubhava ko lokAtIta divya U~cAiyoM para le jA sakatI hai| aba hama AtmA aura anAtmA meM bheda karake AtmajAgrati kI carcA kareMge jo hamAre cauthe guNasthAna kA 54. Yoga of the Saints, P.76 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (75) For Personal & Private Use Only

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viSaya hai| hamane pUrva meM AtmajAgrati ke svarUpa para vicAra kara liyA hai|* aba hama usakI utpatti kI prakriyA ke bAre meM vicAra kreNge| (2) samyagdarzana kI utpatti yA AtmajAgrati yA aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna ___samyagdarzana kI prApti yA AtmajAgrati kabhI-kabhI una logoM ke upadeza se hotI hai jinhoMne apane jIvana meM divyatva anubhava kara liyA hai yA paramAtmAnubhava ke mArga para haiM aura kabhI-kabhI AtmA ko binA kisI bAhya upadeza ke apanI AdhyAtmika saMpadA kI smRti ho jAtI hai| donoM sthiti meM AtmajAgrati upadeza se utpanna hotI hai| yaha upadeza yA to pratyakSa ho sakatA hai yA prokss| ata: upadeza kA mahattva sarvopari hai, cUMki jisa AtmA meM AtmajAgrati utpanna huI hai usane vartamAna janma meM yA kisI pUrva janma meM upadeza sunA hogaa| vaha vyakti jisane anAdikAla se upadeza nahIM sunA hai vaha AtmajAgrati ke lie samartha nahIM hotA aura jisane pUrva janma meM upadeza prApta kara liyA hai vaha vartamAna meM binA kisI upadeza ke jAgrata ho jAtA hai| isakA artha yaha huA ki upadeza nahIM TAlA jA sktaa| upadeza ke sAtha-sAtha AtmA kI mukti ke lie ucita 'samaya' honA Avazyaka hai| yogIndu batAte haiM ki AtmA ke dvArA antardRSTi prApta kI jAtI hai jaba upayukta avasara para mithyAtva naSTa ho jAtA hai| ___ yogasAra meM kahA hai ki AtmA usa samaya taka apavitra sthAnoM ko jAtA hai aura duSkarma karatA hai jaba taka vaha guru ke prasAda se paramAtmA * (khaNDa-1, adhyAya-tIna) 55. tattvArthasUtra, 1/3 56. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/85 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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58 ko pahacAna nahIM letA hai|" kundakunda hamako guru ke mAdhyama se AtmA ko jAnakara usakA dhyAna karane kA upadeza dete haiN| " nAgakumAra muni kahate haiM ki guru kA upadeza prApta karane ke pazcAt mokSa AtmA para dhyAna karane se prApta kiyA jAtA hai|" yaha kahanA AtmavirodhI nahIM hai ki 59 " paramAtmA ko anubhava karane kA rahasya hama cAheM yA na cAheM vaha rahasyavAdiyoM ke hI hAtha meM hotA hai"60 "kevala una guruoM ke mAdhyama se hI hama AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa kara sakate haiN|"" pUjyapAda kA kathana hai ki AtmA akelA apanA guru hotA hai kyoMki vaha svayaM hI AvAgamana aura mokSa ke lie uttaradAyI hai, 2 ye bAta nizcaya dRSTi se kahI gayI hai| isa kAraNa se guru kA mahattva adhyAtmavAdI rUpAntaraNa ke lie kama nahIM A~kA jAnA cAhiye kyoMki vyavahAranaya U~cAiyoM para le jAne ke lie mahattvapUrNa hai / aba hama jainadarzana meM sadguru kI dhAraNA ke bAre meM vicAra kareMge | sarvocca guru ke rUpa meM arihaMta jainadarzana ke anusAra bhakti ke sarvocca viSaya kevala pA~ca haiM arthAt- arahaMta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu / isa bAta ko yaha kahakara bhI vyakta kiyA jA sakatA hai ki deva, zAstra aura guru uccatama bhakti ke yogya haiN| phira yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki arihaMta, siddha, sAdhu aura arihaMtoM ke dvArA upadiSTa dharma loka meM sarvottama hai| abhivyakti 57. MyogasAra, 41 58. mokSapAhuDa, 63, 64 59. tattvAnuzAsana, 196 60. Yoga of the Saints, P.57 61. Yoga of the Saints, P.58 62. samAdhizataka, 75 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (77)

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ke ye bhinna-bhinna rUpa eka se haiM aura eka kahane para zeSa usameM sammilita ho jAte haiN| yadi hama spaSTa kareM to arihaMta aura siddha devoM kI zreNI meM sammilita haiM, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu guru kahalAte haiM aura arihaMta ke dvArA pradatta upadeza dharma yA zAstra kahalAtA hai| rahasyAtmaka anubhUti ke dRSTikoNa se arihaMta aura siddha eka stara para hote haiM kintu arihaMta sadeha rUpa se mukta haiM aura siddha videha rUpa se, isa taraha siddha ucca stara para hote haiN| cUMki arihaMta ko sarvaprathama namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai aura siddhoM ko usake pazcAt- isase aisA lagatA hai ki siddhoM ke prati Adara nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai kintu jainadarzana kI dhAraNA hai ki arihaMtoM ke mAdhyama se hama siddhoM ko pahacAnate haiM aura unake mAdhyama se hI Apta, Agama aura padArtha kA jJAna hamako huA hai| ataH ye sarvaprathama namaskAra ke yogya haiN| isa prakAra arihaMta loka-kalyANa ke lie upadeza dene ke kAraNa pUrNa guru haiM, ye pUrNa deva bhI haiN| apane andara kI divyatA kA pUrNatayA anubhava karane ke kAraNa hI jagata meM rahasyAtmaka jIvana saMbhava huA hai| ata: unake prati hamArI kRtajJatA aura paramAdara atyAvazyaka hai| arihaMta kI doharI bhUmikA jainadarzana meM arihaMta kI dhAraNA kI doharI bhUmikA hai- pUrNa deva aura pUrNa guru kI bhuumikaa| AdhyAtmika anubhava ke dRSTikoNa se aura mAnava jAti ke kalyANa ke upadeza ke dRSTikoNa se donoM bhUmikA hI saMgata haiN| gurutva kA saMbaMdha antardRSTyAtmaka anubhava kI bAharI abhivyakti se hai jaba ki devatva kevala AtmA ke aMtaraMga AtmAnubhava ko darzAtA hai| isa prakAra arhat kI dhAraNA devatva aura gurutva ke tAdAtmyakaraNa kI 63. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 53 Ethical Doctrines in Jainis For Personal & Private Use Only

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dhAraNA hai arthAt AtmAnubhava aura bAharI abhivyakti ke tAdAtmyakaraNa se hai| siddha avasthA meM rahasyAtmaka anubhava kI bAharI abhivyakti nahIM hotI hai jo arihaMta ke jIvana se ghaniSTha rUpa se saMbaMdhita hotI hai| arihaMta kI isa doharI bhUmikA ke kAraNa arihaMta siddhoM se pahale namaskAra kiye jAte haiM, siddha dharma kA upadeza dene meM asamartha hone ke kAraNa kevala deva hI haiN| pro. e. ena. upAdhye kA kathana hai ki "jaina tIrthaMkara jo uccatama AdhyAtmika anubhava ke zikhara para haiM ve Adarza guru haiM aura unakI vANI uccatama rUpa se prAmANika hotI hai / " yaha siddhoM ke mahattva ko ghaTAnA nahIM hai kintu arihaMta kA uccatama guru ke rUpa meM mahimA gAna hai kyoMki gurutva unakA atirikta lakSaNa hai| guru ke rUpa meM AcArya arihaMta jo divya AtmAe~ haiM unase bhinnatA lie hue AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu hote haiM jo AtmAnubhava ke mArga para haiN| ve abhI taka divya mArga ke yAtrI haiM yadyapi rahasyAtmaka guNa jo guru hone ke lie Avazyaka haiM unameM upasthita haiN| kevala AcArya ko hI vyaktiyoM ko rahasyAtmaka jIvana meM dIkSA dene kA adhikAra hai isalie ve guru kahalAte haiN| unake jIvana kA utkRSTa guNa hai una AtmAoM ko muni dIkSA denA jo rahasyAtmaka jIvana kI ora pravRtta haiN| aura ve unako naitika aura AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana pradAna karate haiM, unakI bhUloM ko ThIka karate haiN| aura unako AdhyAtmika mArga meM punarsthApita karate haiN|" vaha muni - saMgha ke zAsana aura niyamana ke lie uttaradAyI haiM / " AcArya kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha zAstra - jJAna meM aura samakAlIna dharma meM pAraMgata honA - 65 64. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 49 65. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 49 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (79)

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caahiye| isake atirikta ve meruparvata kI taraha aTala hote haiM, pRthvI kI taraha sahanazIla hote haiM, sAta prakAra ke bhaya se rahita hote haiM aura samudra kI taraha zuddha hote haiN| upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI vizeSatAe~ upAdhyAya meM AcArya kI sabhI vizeSatAe~ hotI haiM sivAya dIkSA dene ke aura ziSyoM ke doSoM ko ThIka karane ke upAdhyAya kI viziSTa vizeSatA gaMbhIra adhyayana karake AdhyAtmika viSayoM para pravacana karanA . hai| ve kevala pravacana de sakate haiM, AcArya kI taraha Adeza nahIM de sakate haiN| sAdhu ve hote haiM jo naitika aura AdhyAtmika niyamoM kA pAlana karate haiM kintu AcArya aura upAdhyAya kI taraha koI viziSTa kArya nahIM karate haiN| isa taraha se yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya ke jIvana meM upAdhyAya aura sAdhu ke AcaraNa sammilita haiN| isa dRSTikoNa se yaha kahanA anucita nahIM hogA ki AcArya kA sthAna arihaMtoM ke pazcAt hai jo AdhyAtmika jIvana kI rakSA aura usakI anavaratatA kA kArya karate haiN| AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa yA AtmajAgrati (samyagdarzana) samyagdarzana kI utpatti una mahAna AtmAoM ke upadeza se hotI hai jinhoMne divyatA kA anubhava kara liyA hai yA jo AtmAnubhava ke mArga para haiN| yaha samyagdarzana upadeza ke kAraNa darzanamohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna hotA hai, yaha aisA hI hai jaise akasmAt janmAndha ko A~kheM mila 66. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 49 67. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 49 68. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 50 69. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 50 (80) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism $787EUR A 3 Termite Glas For Personal & Private Use Only

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jaaye| yaha saca hai ki Atma-dRSTi milane para satya kA anubhava ho jAtA hai aura usase AdhyAtmika Ananda kA anubhava hotA hai| yaha AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa upazama samyaktva ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha darzanamohanIya karma ke upazama se utpanna hotA hai aura zuddha jala kI taraha zuddha hotA hai| samyaktva (AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa) ke prakAra aura nimna guNasthAnoM meM girane kI saMbhAvanA, udAharaNArtha (ka) sAsAdana guNasthAna aura (kha) mizra guNasthAna ___ yaha upazama- samyaktva kevala eka antarmuhUrta (adhikatama 48 miniTa) ke lie hotA hai lekina usake pazcAt darzanamohanIya karma tIna vibhinna khaNDoM meM ba~Ta jAte haiM- (1) mithyAtva, (2) samyakmithyAtva aura (3) smyk-prkRti| isa prakAra cauthe guNasthAna meM cAra anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya aura tIna darzanamohanIya karma ke khaMDoM kA AtmA upazama karatA hai| eka antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt AtmA yA to nimna guNasthAnoM meM gira jAtA hai yA cauthe guNasthAna meM hI kucha vikAra lie hue Thahara jAtA hai| (1) jaba 'mithyAtva' khaMDa kA udaya hotA hai to AtmA pahale (mithyAtva) guNasthAna meM gira jAtA hai jahA~ aMdhakAra usako ghera 70. darzanamohanIya karma aura anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya eka-dUsare se antargumphita haiN| 71. . gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 649 72. labdhisAra, 2 73. bhAvanAviveka, 100 74. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, 26 75. bhAvanAviveka, 93 - labdhisAra, 102 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (81) For Personal & Private Use Only

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letA hai|6 (2) yadi 'samyak-mithyAtva' khaMDa kA udaya hotA hai to AtmA tIsare (mizra) guNasthAna meM gira jAtA hai yA cauthe (aviratasamyagdRSTi) guNasthAna meM uTha jAtA hai|" yadi anaMtAnubaMdhI kaSAya kA udaya hotA hai to AtmA dUsare (sAsAdana) guNasthAna meM gira jAtA hai| yahA~ se vaha nizcita rUpa se mithyAtva guNasthAna meM gira jAtA hai jo pUrNa aMdhakAra kA prathama guNasthAna hai| (3) jaba 'samyak-prakRti' khaNDa kA udaya hotA hai to AtmA cauthe (aviratasamyagdRSTi) guNasthAna meM Thahara jAtA hai, kintu isameM upazama samyaktva kI zuddhatA kho jAtI hai phira bhI yaha AtmA ko AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM le jAne meM sakSama hai| . yaha kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahalAtA hai 80 isameM bhI patana ke kITANu . upasthita rahate haiN| jaba AtmA kevalI ke samparka meM AtA hai to darzanamohanIya karma kA pUrNatayA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura taba AtmA nimna guNasthAnoM meM nahIM giratA hai| yaha kSAyika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| 4. usakI zuddhatA upazama samyaktva jaisI hotI hai kintu kSAyika samyaktva 76. labdhisAra, 108 77. labdhisAra, 107 78. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 20 79. labdhisAra, 105 80. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 309 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 25, 648 kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 308 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 647 82. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 308 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 648 83. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 646 84. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 645 (82) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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sthAyI hotA hai aura upazama samyaktva asthAyI hotA hai| isa taraha se cauthe guNasthAna meM darzanamohanIya karma ke upazama se AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa hotA hai jo upazama samyaktva kahalAtA hai yA samyak prakRti ke udaya se bhI jo kSAyopazamika samyaktva kahalAtA hai| kSAyika samyaktva darzanamohanIya karma ke kSaya se utpanna hotA hai| AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa yA AtmajAgrati (samyagdarzana) ke pazcAt rahasyavAdI yAtrA ke lie AvazyakatAe~ darzanamohanIya karma ke kAraNa utpanna ghora aMdhakAra ko naSTa karane ke sAtha-sAtha rahasyAtmaka yAtrA kA eka bhAga pAra kara liyA gayA hai arthAt AtmA antarAtmA meM rUpAntarita ho cukA hai aura usake kAraNa vaha parivIkSA para eka naye jagata kA nAgarika ho gayA hai| pUjyapAda kA kathana hai ki AtmA jo AdhyAtmika cetanA ke abhAva meM gaharI nidrA meM supta thA vaha aba AtmA kA svAda vikasita karane ke kAraNa jAgrata AtmA bana cukA hai| ve srota jo supta AtmA ko asthAyI saMtuSTi pradAna karate the aba parAjita ho gaye haiM aura unake sthAna para zAzvata saMtuSTi ke aMtaraMga srota khula gaye haiN| eka pUrNa parivartana utpanna ho gayA hai| itanA hote hue bhI abhI bhI eka lambI yAtrA AtmA ke dvArA kI jAnI hai jisase AtmA paramAtmA meM parivartita ho sake aura eka sthAyI aura sammAnanIya sthiti 'naye jIvana' ke sadasyoM meM prApta ho ske| 85. labdhisAra, 164 86. Yoga of the Saints, P.60 87. samAdhizataka, 24 88. samAdhizataka, 60 89. Yoga of the Saints, P.60 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (83)

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cAritramohanIya karma ke kAraNa sAdhaka atIndriya prayAsa meM asamartha rahatA hai| aba jAgrata AtmA kI utkaTa icchA una saba cIjoM ko samApta karane kI hai jo AtmA aura lokAtIta AtmA ke bIca avarodha karatI haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM, rahasyavAdI sAhasa lokAtIta zraddhA aura lokAtIta jIvana meM aura prathama jyoti aura aMtima jyoti ke madhya jo viSamatA hai usako naSTa karane meM hai| rahasyavAdI kI zeSa yAtrA samyak saMkalpa aura samyagjJAna rUpI prakAza se una saba kaThinAiyoM ko jo usake naitika aura AdhyAtmika mArga meM avarodhaka haiM, haTAne meM hai| AcArya amRtacandra kA kathana hai ki jinhoMne mithyAtva naSTa kara diyA hai aura jinhoMne 'mArga' ko samajha liyA hai aura jo saMkalpa zakti rakhate haiM ve mArga para calane meM samartha hote haiN| 90 1 vaha AcAra jo bauddhika ajJAna se utpanna hotA hai, upayukta mArga nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai kyoMki AcAra kA pAlana 'mArga' kI samajha se hI upayukta kahA gayA hai|" hameM yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhiye ki bauddhika spaSTatA aura cAritrika jIvana yadyapi saiddhAntika rUpa se bhinna-bhinna haiM ve vyavahAra meM bhI bhinna hI hoNge| saca to yaha hai ki ve vyAvahArika jIvana meM eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiM aura unako eka dUsare se alaga karanA saMbhava nahIM hai| jainAgama meM kahA hai ki samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka dUsare se kArya-kAraNa rUpa se saMbaMdhita hote haiM jaise prakAza aura dIpaka / 2 samyagdarzana bauddhika jJAna ko sahI dizA meM mor3ane ke lie sazakta hotA hai, isakA artha yaha nahIM samajhanA cAhie ki bauddhika prayatna Avazyaka 90. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 37 91. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 38 92. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 34 (84) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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nahIM hai| samyagjJAna kI prApti ke lie samucita prayatna karanA Avazyaka hai| yadyapi samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna eka sAtha utpanna hote haiM to bhI inake lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna hote haiM, eka kA artha zraddhA aura dUsare kA artha jnyaan| ataH sAdhaka ne samyagdarzana prApta kara liyA to bhI bauddhika upAsanA aura naitika ArAdhanA TAlI nahIM jA sakatI hai| (3) zuddhIkaraNa yA (ka) viratAvirata guNasthAna (kha) pramattavirata guNasthAna sAdhaka cauthe guNasthAna meM arthAt aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna meM anicchApUrvaka hiMsA meM rata hotA hai aura bhautika sukhoM meM lIna rahatA hai, vaha pA~caveM guNasthAna arthAt viratAvirataguNasthAna meM pahu~cane para AtmasaMyama ke pAlana kI ora jhukatA hai| cUMki vaha cauthe guNasthAna meM arthAt aviratasamyagdRSTi guNasthAna meM apane ko saba pApoM se mukta nahIM kara pAtA hai vaha pA~caveM guNasthAna meM apanI cAritrika becainI para vijaya prApta karate hue zIlavratoM sahita aNuvratoM ko grahaNa karatA hai| hama unakA varNana gRhastha ke AcAra meM kara cuke haiN| AtmA kI isa yAtrA ke par3Ava ko viratAvirata yA dezavirata guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki yahA~ sAdhaka do indriyoM se paMcendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA kA tyAga karatA hai kintu ekendriya jIvoM kI hiMsA use karanI par3atI hai| _AtmAnuzAsana meM guNabhadra ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie gRhastha kI asamarthatA ko batAyA hai| unake anusAra gRhastha kI kriyAe~ 93. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 32 94. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 29 95. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 30 96. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 31 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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eka behoza AdamI kI taraha hotI haiM yA hAthI ke snAna kI taraha hotI haiM yA aMdhe AdamI ke dvArA rassI gUMthane kI taraha hotI haiM kyoMki catura se catura vyakti bhI gRhastha stara para kabhI prazaMsanIya kArya karatA hai aura kabhI caritrahIna kriyAe~ karatA hai aura kabhI milI-julI kriyAe~ karatA hai|" ataH paravartI do prakAra kI kriyAe~ zuddhIkaraNa ke mArga ko jo rahasyavAdI ke dvArA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai usako avaruddha karatI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa gRhastha jIvana kA tyAga rahasyavAdI ke vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka kahA gayA hai| hama pahale hI batA cuke haiM ki gRhastha apane Apako munirUpa meM parivartita karane ke lie sUkSma pApoM ko zanaiH-zanaiH tyAgatA hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha pApa pravRttiyoM ko chor3atA hai aura AtmasaMyama dhAraNa karatA hai| yadyapi pramAda abhI bhI muni ke jIvana meM upasthita hai to bhI yaha pramAda usake AtmasaMyama ko naSTa nahIM karatA hai, vaha kevala muni ke jIvana meM thor3I-sI vikRti utpanna karatA hai, ataH yaha pramattavirata guNasthAna kahalAtA hai kyoMki yahA~ pramAda AtmasaMyama ke sAtha vidyamAna hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, isa guNasthAna meM AtmA AtmasaMyama kA pAlana karate hue bhI thor3A pramAda darzAtA hai|100 isa guNasthAna meM AtmA muni jIvana ke lie Avazyaka sAre anuzAsana kA pAlana karatA hai 101 phira bhI yaha guNasthAna zuddhIkaraNa ke mArga kI samApti samajhA jA sakatA hai|102 97. AtmAnuzAsana, 41 98. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 176 99. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1, pRSTha 175 100. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 32 101. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 33 102. Mysticism, P.381 (86) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #122
muni kI vizeSatAe~ pUrva adhyAya arthAt 'muni kA AcAra' nAmaka adhyAya meM muni kI vizeSatAe~ batAyI jA cukI haiN| mUlAcAra muni ke dRSTikoNa ko ati uttama tarIke se sAra rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| usake anusAra muni bhikSA se bhojana prApta kareM, vana meM raheM, alpa bhojana kareM, atyadhika bolane ko tyAgeM, nidrA ko jIteM, parISahoM ko saheM, sAmAjika jIvana se dUra raheM, sabhI prANiyoM se maitrI kareM, anAsakta raheM, dhyAna meM apane Apako lagAyeM, AdhyAtmika vikAsa meM rata raheM aura aMta meM kaSAyoM se, parigraha se, saMbaMdhiyoM se - ina sabase dUra rheN| 103 isake atirikta muni dasa dharmoM kA pAlana kareM 104 arthAt ( 1 ) kSamA- manuSyoM, devatAoM aura tiryaMcoM ke prati kSamA bhAva rakheM yadyapi unhoMne usako bahuta kaSTa diyA hai to bhI muni sabako kSamA kareM aura krodha nahIM kreN| (2) mArdava - jJAna aura tapa ke kSetra meM atyadhika upalabdhiyA~ hone para namra rheN| ( 3 ) Arjava - manavacana aura kAya meM asaMgata na raheM, apane doSoM ko na chipAyeM aura dUsare ko dhokhA na deN| (4) zauca- saMtulana va saMtoSa rUpI jala se lobha ke maila ko dhoyeM aura bhojana ke prati Asakti na rkheN| ( 5 ) satya - Agama ke anurUpa upadeza deM cAhe muni svayaM itane U~ce AcaraNa kA pAlana na kara ske| (6) saMyama - choTe se choTe jIvoM ko bacAne ke prati sAvadhAna rheN| (7) tapa - tapoM kA pAlana isa jIvana meM aura dUsare jIvana meM * upalabdhiyoM ke lie na kreN| ( 8 ) tyAga - svAdiSTa bhojana kA tyAga kareM tathA aise nivAsa kA bhI tyAga kareM jahA~ Asakti paidA ho sakatI hai| ( 9 ) AkiMcana - sabhI prakAra ke parigraha ko tyAgeM / ( 10 ) brahmacarya - kAmuka saMbaMdhoM se dUra rheN| 103. mUlAcAra, 895, 896 104. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 394 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta - 403 For Personal & Private Use Only (87)

Page #123
rahasyavAdI ke vikAsa ke agale guNasthAnoM ko varNana karane se pahale hama svAdhyAya aura jainadharma meM bhakti kI dhAraNA para vicAra kareMge, kyoMki ye donoM rahasyavAdI ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana ke mahattvapUrNa ghaTaka haiN| svAdhyAya ke mahattva ko samajhe binA sAdhaka ullekhanIya saphalatA prApta nahIM kara sakegA aura bhakti ke mUlyAMkana ke binA vaha apane naitika aura AdhyAtmika upalabdhiyoM ko sthAyI banAne meM saphala nahIM hogaa| svAdhyAya ke prakAra svAdhyAya ke pA~ca prakAra haiM-105 (1) vAcanA- jo vyakti sIkhane kI jijJAsA rakhatA hai usake lie zabdoM aura arthoM ko smjhaanaa| (2) pRcchanA- apane saMdeha ko dUra karane ke lie tathA zabdoM ke arthoM ko puSTa karane ke lie prazna puuchnaa| (3) anuprekSA- sIkhe hue artha para bAra-bAra vicAra krnaa| (4) AmnAya- AgamoM ko kaMThastha karanA aura unakI punarAvRtti karate rhnaa| (5) dharmopadeza- kumArga ko naSTa karane kI icchA se naitika siddhAntoM para pravacana denA jisase saMdeha dUra ho jAe~ aura jIvana ke Avazyaka pahalU prakAzita hoN| Agama cAra anuyogoM ke rUpa meM Agama cAra anuyogoM ke rUpa meM vibhakta hai- (1) prathamAnuyoga, (2) karaNAnuyoga, (3) caraNAnuyoga, aura (4) drvyaanuyog| (1) prathamAnuyoga- prathamAnuyoga prastuta karatA hai- eka vyakti ke 105. uttarAdhyayana, 30/34 sarvArthasiddhi, 9/25 rAjavArtika, 9/25 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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jIvana kA citraNa yA taresaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA varNana athavA donoM kA | 106 isameM manuSya jIvana ke cAra uddezyoM (dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa), tIna ratnoM kI prApti (samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyak cAritra ) aura dharmadhyAna va zukladhyAna ke bAre meM nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 107 isa anuyoga ke antargata mahApurANa, harivaMzapurANa, pANDavapurANa, padmapurANa Adi sammilita haiN| (2) karaNAnuyoga - karaNAnuyoga meM loka aura aloka, samaya kA parivartana aura cAra gatiyoM ke viSaya kA varNana hotA hai| 198 isa anuyoga ke antargata trilokasAra aura tiloyapaNNattI Adi samAyojita haiN| (3) caraNAnuyoga - caraNAnuyoga meM gRhastha va muni ke AcAra ke vividha pakSoM ke bAre meM vicAra kiyA jAtA hai| 109 mUlAcAra, bhagavatIArAdhanA, puruSArthasiddhayupAya, ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra Adi grantha caraNAnuyoga ke udAharaNa haiN| (4) dravyAnuyoga - jIva-ajIva, puNyapApa, baMdha-mokSa ke svarUpa kI vyAkhyA karatA hai / 10 pravacanasAra, paJcAstikAya, samayasAra Adi isa anuyoga ke antargata haiM / tattvArthasUtra paravartI tInoM anuyogoM (karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga ) ko sArarUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| svAdhyAya kA mahattva jainadharma ke anusAra samyagjJAna vaha hai jo jIvana ke sAra ko prakAzita karatA hai; AtmasaMyama kA poSaNa karatA hai; " jo viSayAsakti 106. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, TIkA 2/2 107. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 43 108. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 44 109. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 45 110. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 46 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (89)

Page #125
ke garta se mana ko AtmA ke stara para le jAtA hai;"111 jo anAsakti kA zikSaNa detA hai; udAtta mArga para calane ke lie protsAhita karatA hai aura sabhI prANiyoM ke prati maitrI bhAva vikasita karane meM sahayoga karatA hai|112 svAdhyAya ko isa prakAra ke jJAna ko utpanna karanevAlA mAnA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta svAdhyAya sAdhaka meM indriyasaMyama kI bhAvanA ko jagAtA hai tathA usake kAraNa hI tIna gupti kA pAlana kiyA jAtA hai, mAnasika ekAgratA prApta kI jAtI hai aura namratA utpanna kI jAtI hai|113 svAdhyAya se utpanna jJAna mArgacyuta hone se bacAtA hai jaise dhAgA suI ko khone se bacAtA hai|114 kundakunda svAdhyAya ke mahattva ko batAte hue kahate haiM ki yaha moha ko naSTa karane meM kAma AtA hai|115 pUjyapAda ke anusAra svAdhyAya kA uddezya buddhi ko samRddha karanA; naitika aura AdhyAtmika prayatna ko pariSkRta karanA; anAsakti kI bhAvanA ko utpanna karanA; sAMsArika duHkhoM se bhayabhIta karanA; tapoM ke pAlana meM vikAsa karanA aura una doSoM ko zuddha karanA jo divya mArga para calane meM bAdhaka hote haiN||16 akalaMka ke anusAra svAdhyAya se tIrthaMkaroM ke upadezoM kA pracAra hotA hai, apane va sAdharmiyoM ke saMdeha samApta hote haiM aura apane siddhAntoM para AkramaNa se bacAva hotA hai|17 svAdhyAya se mana kI caMcalatA aura buddhi kI 111. Yoga of the Saints, P.66 112. mUlAcAra, 267, 268 113. mUlAcAra, 410, 969 114. mUlAcAra, 971 115. pravacanasAra, 1/86 116. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/25 117. rAjavArtika, 9/25 (90) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #126
asthiratA usI prakAra naSTa ho jAtI hai jisa prakAra sUrya ke prakAza se aMdhakAra naSTa ho jAtA hai|18 svAdhyAya se mAnasika ekIkaraNa aura ekAgratA utpanna hotI hai kyoMki sAdhaka bAdhAoM ko jItakara vastuoM ke svarUpa ko jAna letA hai|19 svAdhyAya ke binA vyakti kA guNAtmaka mArga se bhaTakane kA khatarA banA rahatA hai, jaise ki eka vRkSa jo phUloM aura pattiyoM se bharA huA hotA hai vaha jar3a ke binA apane ko nAza hone se nahIM bacA sktaa|120 bAraha prakAra ke tapoM meM svAdhyAya kA mahattva sarvopari hotA hai||21 yadi svAdhyAya gRhastha ko dhyAna aura bhakti ke mAdhyama se muni banane ke lie prerita karatA hai to yaha muni ke lie dhyAna kI thakAna se vizrAma karane ke kAma AtA hai| svAdhyAya se dhyAna kI preraNA milatI hai aura yaha saMtoSa aura bauddhika nidhi pradAna karatA hai| "yaha mastiSka ke lie puSTikAraka davA hai aura hRdaya ke lie rasAnanda hai|'' 122 isase rahasyavAdI satyoM ke bAre meM dArzanika saMtoSa prApta hotA hai aura eka aisI utkaTa bhAvanA paidA hotI hai ki hama una satyoM kA jIvana meM anubhava kreN| "svAdhyAya se rahasyavAdI mana ko apanI sImAoM kA bhAna hotA hai, yaha sAdhaka ko prayatna karane ke lie jagAtA hai, usake dhyAna va bhakti ko bar3hAtA hai tathA usako naitika guNoM ke vikAsa ke lie preraNA detA hai|"123 118. amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 13/83 119. pravacanasAra, 3/32 120. amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 13/88 121. mUlAcAra, 409, 970 122. Yoga of the Saints, P.64 123. Yoga of the Saints, P.65 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (91) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #127
bhakti kA svarUpa aba hama jainadharma ke anusAra bhakti ke svarUpa ko samajheMge / divyatva prApta AtmAoM ke prati yA jo divya anubhUti ke mArga para kAphI Age bar3ha cuke haiM unake prati udAtta anurAga bhakti hai / 1 24 bhakta bhakti ke viSaya arhat aura siddha se paricita hai| bhakta arhat aura siddha ke sAmane jaba hotA hai to vaha apane Apako nirlajja, 125 ajJAnI, 126. bAlaka ke samAna'27 aura ullU kI taraha durAgrahI 128 Adi anubhava karatA hai| yaha eka prakAra kI dhArmika namratA hai, AtmahInatA hai aura AtmAvamUlyana hai aura 'tuccha jIvatva' 129 kI cetanA hai| yaha unake sAmane jo lokAtIta haiM apane Apako tuccha mAnane kI gaMbhIra mAnasika pratikriyA hai, koI bauddhika vyAkhyA nahIM hai kintu apane bhAvoM ko ucita prakAra se vyakta karane kA prayAsa hai| bhakta-cetanA kA viSaya anupama 1 30 hone ke artha meM pUrNatayA 'lokabhinna' (Wholly other) hai| yaha pUrNatayA una saba cIjoM se mUlabhUta rUpa se anya hai jo vicArI jA sakatI haiN| bhakti kA viSaya 'tejasvI' 131 124. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/24 125. bhaktAmara stotra, 3 126. svayaMbhU stotra, 15 127. svayaMbhU stotra, 30 128. kalyANamaMdira stotra, 3 129. Idea of the Holy P.21 130. yuktyanuzAsana, 4 SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga - 1, 1 131. Idea of the Holy, P.19, 20 (92) " Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #128
(Majestic) isa artha meM hotA hai ki usake ananta guNa hamAre dvArA nirUpita nahIM kiye jA sakate haiN|132 tucchatA kI bhAvanA se grasita hote hue aura bhakti ke viSaya ko pUrNatayA lokabhinna mAnate hue bhI bhakta bhakti ke vazIbhUta arhat aura siddha kI stuti ke lie pravRtta hotA hai hiraNI kI taraha, jo prema ke vazIbhUta apane bacce ko zera ke mukha se bacAne kI ora pravRtta hai yA usa koyala kI taraha jo basanta Rtu meM Amra-maMjarI upasthita hone ke kAraNa gAtI hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhakti ke viSaya (Object) meM eka 'cittAkarSaNa kA tattva'134 (Element of fascination) hotA hai| bhakti kA viSaya anantatA ke kAraNa bhayabhIta karatA hai phira bhI yaha 'cittAkarSaka' hotA hai aura bhakta ko Ananda meM nimagna kara detA hai|135 isakA pariNAma yaha hai ki usakI vANI paramAtmA ke guNagAna meM laga jAtI hai|136 bhakta yaha anubhava karatA hai ki cUMki jagata kI sArI vastue~ usako AdhyAtmika zAMti dene meM asamartha haiM isalie vaha arhat aura siddha ko apane Apako samarpita kara detA hai jisase duHkhapUrNa AvAgamanAtmaka astitva samApta ho jaay| bhakta divya cetanA se itanA AkarSita ho jAtA hai ki vaha usako apane hRdaya meM sthApita karane kI icchA prakaTa karatA hai|137 132. yuktyanuzAsana, 2 . . bhaktAmara stotra, 5 kalyANamaMdira stotra, 6 133. bhaktAmara stotra, 5, 6 134. Idea of the Holy , P.31 135. svayaMbhU stotra, 80 136. sAmAyikapATha, 4 137. kalyANamaMdira stotra, 10 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (93) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #129
bhakta kI samarpaNa bhAvanA usa samaya dekhI jA sakatI hai jaba samantabhadra yaha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki vahI buddhi hotI hai jo paramAtmA ko smaraNa rakhatI hai; vahI sira hotA hai jo usake caraNoM meM jhuka jAtA hai; vahI saphala jIvana hotA hai jo usake pavitra saMrakSaNa meM jItA hai; vahI vANI hai jo usakI prazaMsA ke gIta gAtI hai; vahI pavitra manuSya hotA hai jo paramAtmA kI bhakti meM tallIna rahatA hai aura vahI vidvAna hotA hai jo paramAtmA ke caraNoM meM jhukatA hai|138 pariNAmasvarUpa paramAtmA hI akelA usake zraddhA kA kendra hotA hai| vaha usako yAda karatA hai aura usakI pUjA karatA hai; usake donoM hAtha usakA satkAra karane ke lie hI haiM; usake kAna usakI vizeSatAoM ko sunane ke lie hote haiM; usakI A~kheM usake saundarya ko dekhane ke lie hotI haiM; usakI mUlabhUta Adata usakI prazaMsA meM kucha likhane kI hotI hai aura usakA sira sadaiva usake prati jhukA rahatA hai|139 bhakti ke prakAra aba hama bhakti ke prakAroM para vicAra kreNge| yaha arhat bhakti, AcArya bhakti, upAdhyAya bhakti aura pravacana bhakti ke rUpa meM abhivyakta kI jA sakatI hai|140 dUsare prakAra se bhI isakA vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA haisiddha bhakti, zruta bhakti, cAritra bhakti, yogI bhakti, AcArya bhakti, nirvANa bhakti, paMcaguru bhakti, tIrthaMkara bhakti, nandIzvara bhakti, zAnti bhakti, samAdhi bhakti aura caitya bhkti| 41 kundakunda niyamasAra meM bhakti 138. jinazataka, 113 139. jinazataka, 114 140. tattvArthasUtra, 6/24 141. dazabhakti saMgraha, pRSTha 96 - 226 (94) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #130
ke do varga batAte haiM- nivRtti bhakti aura yoga bhkti||42 pUrvavartI meM samAviSTa haiM- samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura muktaatmaa| paravartI ke antargata haiM- Asakti aura sabhI dUsare vicAroM ko tyAgane ke pazcAt AtmadhyAna meM tlliintaa|143 hama hamAre vicAra se bhakti ke vibhinna prakAra isa taraha vyakta kara sakate haiM- stuti, vandanA, mUrtipUjA, nAmasmaraNa, bhajana, kIrtana, vinaya, vaiyAvRtya aura abhiikssnnjnyaanopyog| hama pUrva meM stuti, vandanA, vinaya aura vaiyAvRtya kA varNana kara cuke haiN| mUrtipUjA ke vistAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jaina maMdira isa prakAra kI pUjA ke udAharaNa haiN| nAmasmaraNa meM om tathA parameSThI ke nAma kI punarAvRtti kI jAtI hai| dravyasaMgraha144 ke anusAra NamokAra maMtra aura guru ke dvArA diye gaye anya maMtroM kI punarAvRtti aura una para dhyAna bhakti hai| somadeva NamokAra maMtra ko atyadhika mahattva dete haiN|145 punarAvRtti vANI se aura mana se ho sakatI hai| mana se punarAvRtti atyadhika prabhAvotpAdaka hai||46 bhajana bhI naitika aura AdhyAtmika jIvana ke vikAsa meM sahAyaka hote haiN| ve AdhyAtmika jIvana meM preraka ke rUpa meM kAma karate haiM; ve guNAtmaka jIvana kI AvazyakatA ko batAte haiM, deva, zAstra va guru ke mahattva ko prakaTa karate haiM; paramAtmAnubhava ke prabhAva ko batAte haiN| vibhinna prakAra ke bhajana banArasIdAsa, bhAgacanda, dyAnatarAya, bhUdharadAsa Adi meM pAye jAte haiN| abhIkSNajJAnopayoga meM sammilita hai- anavarata AdhyAtmika 142. niyamasAra, 134, 137 143. niyamasAra, 134, 135, 137 144. dravyasaMgraha, 49 145. Yasastilaka and Indian Culture, P.272 146. Yasastilaka and Indian Culture, P.272 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism sterf # 3477|m ita foGlo (95) For Personal & Private Use Only

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jJAna kI saadhnaa| yadyapi yaha mukhya rUpa se bauddhika hotI hai phira bhI yaha paramAtmA (arihaMta aura siddha) ke prati hamArI bhakti jagAne meM samartha hai| bhakti kA mahattva kundakunda ke anusAra vaha jo jinacaraNoM meM bhaktipUrvaka jhukatA hai vaha saMsAra kI jar3a ko naSTa karatA hai|147 pUjyapAda ghoSaNA karate haiM ki vyakti arhat aura siddha ke prati bhakti se apane Apako paramAtma avasthA meM rUpAntarita kara sakatA hai|148 vAdirAja muni nirUpaNa karate haiM ki agAdha bauddhikatA aura niSkalaMka naitikatA hote hue bhI mokSarUpI mahala kA daravAjA jisa para moha kA tAlA hai usako bhaktirUpI cAbI ke binA sAdhaka kholane meM asamartha hotA hai|149 yadyapi paramAtmA ne prazaMsA aura niMdA ke dvaita ko pAra kara liyA hai phira bhI usakI prazaMsA ke gIta bhakta ke pApoM ko naSTa kara dete haiN|150 paramAtmA kA guNarUpI samudra zabdoM ke jahAja dvArA pAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai phira bhI nizcita hai ki kSaNabhara kI bhakti bhI AtmA ko zuddha kara sakatI hai| 51 samantabhadra kA kahanA hai ki lohA pArasa patthara ke sparza se sonA bana jAtA hai usI prakAra bhakta eka prabhAvazAlI vyaktitva meM badala jAtA hai|152 147. bhAvapAhuDa, 153 148. samAdhizataka, 97 149. ekIbhAva stotra, 13 150. svayaMbhU stotra, 57 ekIbhAva stotra, 2 bhaktAmara stotra, 7 151. jinazataka, 59 svayaMbhU stotra, 86, 87 152. jinazataka, 60 (96) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga ke rUpa meM solaha prakAra kI bhAvanAe~ rahasyavAdI ke dvArA alaukika jagata kI nAgarikatA prApta kI jA sake- isake lie usako jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga kA triraMgI jhaNDA jo samyagdarzana rUpI DaNDe ke sahAre hai, usake prati pUrNa niSThA rakhanI caahie| tIna raMgoM meM se prathama, svAdhyAya ke dvArA prApta AdhyAtmika jJAna ko iMgita karatA hai, dvitIya, cAritra jisake antargata vibhinna prakAra ke vratoM aura tapoM ko pAlanA sammilita hai, tRtIya, dhArmika vinamratA jo arihaMta aura siddha kI bhakti se utpanna hotI hai aura samyagdarzana (AtmajAgrati) rUpI DaNDA sahAre ke rUpa meM hotA hai| solaha prakAra kI bhaavnaaeN|53 jo jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga ke rUpa meM hotI haiM vaha buddhi, saMkalpa aura hRdaya ko eka sAtha santuSTa karatI haiM unase AtmA meM puNya kI prApti isa hada taka hotI hai ki sAdhaka tIrthaMkara bana sakatA haiM usI jIvana meM yA AgAmI jIvana meN| abhIkSNajJAnopayoga154 jJAnayoga ko batAtA hai| zIlavrateSvanatIcAra,155 saMvega,156 zaktitastapa'57 aura AvazyakAparihAra'58 karmayoga ke vyaktigata pakSa ke antargata sammilita haiN| zaktitastyAga,159 pravacana153. tattvArthasUtra, 6/24 154. abhIkSNajJAnopayoga kA artha hai anavarata rUpa se apane Apako AdhyAtmika jJAna kI prApti meM lgaanaa| 155. vratoM kA pAlana aura unake pAlana ke lie kaSAyoM kA tyAga zIlavrateSvanatIcAra 156. sAMsArika daHkhoM se bhayabhIta honA saMvega hai| 157. apanI zakti ko chupAye binA zArIrika tapa karanA zaktitastapa hai| 158. chaha AvazyakoM ko karanA AvazyakAparihAra hai| . 159. AhAra, surakSA aura jJAna meM udAra honA zaktitastyAga hai| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (97) For Personal & Private Use Only

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vAtsalya,160 mArgaprabhAvanA'61 karmayoga ke sAmAjika pakSa meM sammilita haiN| vinayasampannatA,162 sAdhu-samAdhi,163 vaiyAvRttya,164 arhatbhakti,165 AcAryabhakti,166 bahuzrutabhakti aura pravacanabhakti'68 bhaktiyoga meM sammilita mAnI jAnI caahie| darzanavizuddhiA69 jo sabake zIrSa para hai vaha jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga meM vyApta pravRtti hai| AtmajAgrati (samyagdarzana) ke binA buddhi, saMkalpa aura hRdaya kI kriyAe~ U~cAI para ArohaNa ke lie niSphala hoNgii| uparyukta vargIkaraNa vibhinna bhAvanAoM meM bauddhika, bhAvAtmaka aura saMkalpAtmaka tattvoM ko darzAtA hai, jaise mAnasika jIvana ke tInoM pahalU eka sAmaMjasya kI sthiti meM guMthe hue haiM usI prakAra ina bhAvanAoM meM pratyeka eka dUsare meM antarvyApta hai, unameM se koI bhI jJAnayoga, karmayoga aura bhaktiyoga kA svataMtra rUpa se kAma de sakatA hai| saMbhavataH isake kAraNa AcArya pUjyapAda ne spaSTa ghoSaNA kI ki ye bhAvanAe~ alaga-alaga aura ekasAtha tIrthaMkaratva kA kAraNa ho sakatI haiN| 70 ye bhAvanAe~ gRhastha aura 160. AdhyAtmika baMdhuoM kI tarapha premapUrNa dRSTikoNa rakhanA jaise gAya bachar3e ke prati rakhatI hai vaha pravacanavAtsalya hai| 161. samAja ko jJAna, tapa, dAna, bhakti aura pUjA se prabhAvita karanA mArgaprabhAvanA 162. guru aura AdhyAtmika mArga ke prati samAdara bhAva rakhanA vinayasampannatA hai| 163. muni ke mArga se bAdhAoM ko haTAnA sAdhu-samAdhi hai| 164. guNIjanoM kI sevA-zuzrUSA vaiyAvRttya hai| 165-168. arhanta, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura pravacana meM zuddha bhakti rakhanA kramaza: arhantabhakti, AcAryabhakti, bahuzrutabhakti aura pravacanabhakti kahalAtI hai| 169. AtmajAgrati (samyagdarzana) darzanavizuddhi hai| 170. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/24 (98) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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muni donoM ke lie upayogI haiN| hama sarasarI taura para kaha sakate haiM ki jJAnayoga kI pUrNatA kevalajJAna hai, karmayoga kI pUrNatA AtmA meM sthiratA hai aura bhaktiyoga kI pUrNatA AnandAnubhava kI dyotaka hai| uccArohaNa se pUrva kI prakriyA zuddhIkaraNa kI prakriyA kA varNana karane ke pazcAt aba hama vikAsa ke agale guNasthAna kA varNana kreNge| kaSAya ke ati manda ho jAne ke kAraNa AtmA meM pramAda utpanna nahIM hotA hai aura AtmA sAtaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai jo apramattasaMyata guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai|11 yaha guNasthAna do prakAra kA hotA hai arthAt svasthAna apramatta aura sAtizaya aprmtt| AtmA jisane pUrNatayA pramAda naSTa kara diyA hai aura jo bauddhika jJAna aura dharmadhyAna meM lIna hai kintu ucca guNasthAnoM kI ora upazama zreNI yA kSapaka zreNI ke mAdhyama se nahIM mur3atA taba taka vaha svasthAna apramatta yA niratizaya apramatta kahalAtA hai|172 jaba vaha ucca guNasthAnoM kI ora mur3atA hai to vaha sAtizaya apramatta kahalAtA hai| vaha chaThe aura sAtaveM guNasthAna meM hajAroM bAra AtA-jAtA hai aura jaba vaha sthiratA prApta kara letA hai to prayatnapUrvaka apane Apako cAritramohanIya - karma kA upazama yA kSaya karane ke lie taiyAra karatA hai| kSAyika samyagdRSTi donoM prakAra kI zreNiyoM kA upayoga karane ke lie samartha hotA hai jaba ki upazama samyagdRSTi kevala upazama zreNI ke mAdhyama se hI Age car3hatA hai| 171. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, candrikA TIkA 45 172. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, candrikA TIkA 46 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (99) For Personal & Private Use Only

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(4) jyotipUrNa avasthA yA (ka) sAtizaya apramatta (kha) apUrvakaraNa (ga) anivRttikaraNa (gha) sUkSma sAmparAya (Ga) upazAnta kaSAya (ca) kSINakaSAya guNasthAna ___ sAtaveM guNasthAna kA dUsarA bhAga aura zeSa guNasthAna bArahaveM taka dhyAna kI yA jyotipUrNa aura harSollAsa pUrNa avasthA hai| zreNiyA~ gahare . dhyAna ke mAdhyama se car3hI jAtI haiN| rahasyavAdI dhyAna ke dvArA ucca mArga para bar3hatA hai aura aba usane AdhyAtmika manoyoga kI tathA AtmA meM apane ko nimajjana karane kI zakti prApta kara lI hai| vaha gahana rUpa se antarmukhI ho jAtA hai| sAtizaya apramatta guNasthAnavAlA rahasyavAdI zuddha AtmA kI avasthAoM kA anubhava karatA hai aura vaha eka antarmuhUrta ke bAda AThaveM guNasthAna arthAt apUrvakaraNa guNasthAna meM A jAtA hai aura aise anubhava prApta karatA hai jo kabhI pUrva meM prApta nahIM kiye gaye; jo AtmA ke itihAsa meM apUrva haiN| vaha eka antarmuhUrta taka isa guNasthAna meM ThaharatA hai|74 aura yahA~ vaha cAritramohanIya karma kA upazama karatA hai yA kSaya karatA hai 175 aura naveM anivRttikaraNa guNasthAna meM pahu~ca jAtA hai jo gahana pavitratA kI avasthA hai| dasavA~ guNasthAna jo sUkSmasAmparAya kahalAtA hai vahA~ kevala sUkSma lobha bacatA hai|176 jisa AtmA ne upazama zreNI kA cunAva kiyA hai vaha lobha kA bhI upazama gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM kara detA hai| vaha upazAntakaSAya guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| yaha guNasthAna prathama prakAra ke zukla dhyAna se prApta kiyA jAtA 173. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 49, 50, 51 174. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 53 175. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 54 176. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 59, 60 (100) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai|177 pUjyapAda kA kathana hai ki dhyAna se rahasyavAdI meM harSollAsa utpanna hotA hai aura vaha AtmA meM sthApita ho jAtA hai aura usane sabhI sAMsArika saMbaMdhoM se apane Apako haTA liyA hai| isa prakAra kI harSollAsa pUrvaka cetanA karmarUpI IMdhana ko jalAne ke lie samartha hai| uparyukta sabhI guNasthAna jyotipUrNa zreNI ko darzAte haiN| aMtima guNasthAna arthAt dasavA~ guNasthAna 'prathama rahasyavAdI jIvana' kI samApti kA dyotaka hai| yadi kSapaka zreNI se car3hA jAtA hai to AtmA dasaveM se gyArahaveM guNasthAna kI bajAya bArahaveM guNasthAna meM jo kSINakaSAya guNasthAna kahalAtA hai usameM car3ha jAtA hai| yahA~ cAritramohanIya karma kA damana nahIM hotA hai balki nAza hotA hai| AtmA eka artamuhUrta taka isa guNasthAna meM rahatA hai aura dvitIya zukladhyAna kI sahAyatA se AtmA zeSa ghAtiyA karmoM ko naSTa karatA hai aura rahasyavAdI lokAtIta jIvana kA anubhava karatA hai| 180 (5) jyotipUrNa avasthA ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kAla rahasyavAdI aMdhakAra meM lauTa sakatA hai| prathama rahasyavAdI jIvana' yA jyotipUrNa avasthA se 'dvitIya rahasyavAdI jIvana' yA lokAtIta jIvana bhinna hotA hai| AtmA ucca zikhara se nIce kI ora gira jAtA hai| jaba upazama samyagdRSTi jo gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM jyotipUrNa avasthA prApta karatA hai vaha mithyAtva guNasthAna meM lauTa jAtA 177. jJAnArNava, 52/20 178. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 62 179. jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa aura antarAya 180. labdhisAra, candrikA TIkA sahita, 600, 609 181. Mysticism, P.381 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (101) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai|182 isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki eka antarmuhUrta ke pazcAt damita kaSAya zakti prApta kara letI hai aura rahasyavAdI ko duHkhada pariNAma bhogane hote haiN| AtmA duHkhapUrNa avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai aura vaha aMdhakAra - kAla kahA jAtA hai|'83 kSAyika samyagdRSTi ke dvArA anubhUta aMdhakAra kAla itanA gaMbhIra nahIM hotA jitanA upazama samyagdRSTi ke dvArA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai kyoMki paravartI pahale guNasthAna meM gira jAtA hai aura pUrvavartI cauthe guNasthAna se nIce nahIM jAtA hai| yahA~ yaha jAnanA Avazyaka hai ki sabhI rahasyavAdI isa aMdhakArakAla kA anubhava nahIM karate haiN| jo kSapaka zreNI car3hate haiM ve aMdhakAra kAla se baca jAte haiM aura turanta lokAtIta jIvana ko anubhava karane meM samartha ho jAte haiM, kintu jo upazama zreNI car3hate haiM ve isa jIvana se vaMcita ho jAte haiN| yadyapi ve rahasyavAdI bhI AvazyakarUpa se utanI hI U~cAI para pahu~ca jAyeMge kintu unheM isa jIvana meM yA AgAmI jIvana meM kSapaka zreNI car3hanA hogA / vAstava meM usa AtmA ne jisane ekabAra AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa prApta kara liyA hai vaha anivAryarUpa se pavitra jIvana kA adhikArI ho gayA hai| prazna kevala samaya kA hai, nizcitatA kA nhiiN| saMkSepa meM kucha AtmAe~ tIna prakAra kA aMdhakAra anubhava karatI haiN| prathama - jAgrati se pUrva, dvitIya- jAgrati ke pazcAt, tRtIya upazama zreNI car3hane ke kaarnn| prathama meM, AtmA ko apane aMdhakAra kA bhAna nahIM hotA hai| dvitIya meM, AdhyAtmika jAgaraNa se giranA sacetana rUpa se nahIM pahacAnA jAtA hai| tRtIya meM, ucca avasthA prApta karane ke pazcAt 182. labdhisAra, 344, 345 183. Mysticism, P.382 (102) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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AtmA nIce gira jAtA hai, ataH aMdhakAra kA AkramaNa atyanta duHkhadAyI hotA hai| (6) lokAtIta jIvana yA ( ka) sayogakevalI guNasthAna ( kha ) ayogakevalI guNasthAna supta AtmA jAgrata hone ke pazcAt dhyAna kI sIr3hiyoM se car3hatA huA udAtta lakSya kI ora pahu~catA hai| prasupta AtmA jo bAharI vastuoM ke tyAga kI ora pravRtta hai aura jo jAgrata hone para aMtaraMga azubha icchAoM ko asvIkAra karane tathA zubha bhAvoM ko svIkAra karane meM vyasta hai, lokAtIta avasthA meM rUpAntaraNa ke kAraNa na to kisI vastu ko tyAgatA hai na grahaNa karatA hai kintu zAzvata zAnti meM Thahara jAtA hai| 184 AtmA (supta ) jo mithyAtva aura asaMyama ke dvArA prabhAvita thA jAgrata hone para unake dvArA vicalita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| vaha vItarAga vANI aura kAyika kriyAoM se sampanna ho jAtA hai| ye AtmA ko rahasyavAdI anubhava se vaMcita nahIM kara sakatI haiN| kriyA lokAtIta anubhava se asaMgata nahIM hotI hai| yaha jIvanamukta avasthA kahalAtI hai aura loka meM divya jIvana kA udAharaNa hai| zubha bhAva jo asthAyI zaraNa haiM ve aba parAjita ho gaye haiM aura zuddha bhAva jo sthAyI nivAsa haiM, utpanna ho gaye haiM / antarAtmA paramAtmA meM rUpAntarita ho gaI hai| antaHzakti vAstavikatA meM badala gaI hai| zraddhA aura jIvana meM jo bheda thA vaha samApta ho gayA hai| yaha lokAtIta jIvana hai. aura atimAnasika avasthA hai| yaha AtmA kI vijaya hai, rahasyavAda kA phUla hai, pUrNatA hai jisakI prApti ke lie rahasyavAdI ne AdhyAtmika tIrthayAtrA ke prAraMbha se hI apane Apako lagAyA hai| yaha sayogakevalI 184. samAdhizataka, 47 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (103)

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guNasthAna kahalAtA hai kyoMki yahA~ kevalajJAna ke sAtha yoga (kriyA) bhI rahatA hai|185 gommaTasAra kA kathana hai ki isa guNasthAna meM AtmA paramAtmA kahalAtA hai|186 ___ agalA guNasthAna ayogakevalI guNasthAna kahalAtA hai kyoMki vahA~ AtmA ne yoga (kriyAoM) ko naSTa kara diyA hai kintu kevalajJAna surakSita rahA hai| tatpazcAt vaha videhamukti prApta kara letA hai| isake viparIta pUrva donoM guNasthAnoM meM vaha sadehamukta kahalAtA hai| mukti kI ina . donoM avasthAoM meM AdhyAtmika anubhava meM koI bheda nahIM hotaa| AtmA sayogakevalI guNasthAna meM cAra ghAtiyA karma udAharaNArtha - jJAnAvaraNIya, darzanAvaraNIya, mohanIya aura antarAya ko naSTa karatA hai| yoga ke kAraNa karmoM kA Agamana AtmA meM hotA hai kintu kaSAya ke abhAva ke kAraNa usako vikRta nahIM kara sktaa| AtmA sayogakevalI aura ayogakevalI guNasthAna meM arihaMta kahA jAtA hai| 187 arihaMtoM ke prakAroM ko do zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jA sakatA hai- (1) tIrthaMkara (2) atIrthaMkara yA saamaanykevlii| ina donoM meM bheda yaha hai ki pUrvavartI saMsArI AtmAoM ko upadeza dene meM samartha hai aura unake upadeza gaNadharoM dvArA Agama rUpa meM gUMthe jAte haiN| jabaki paravartI dhArmika siddhAntoM ko sthApita karanevAle nahIM hote haiM kintu rahasyAtmaka anubhava kI udAttatA ko hI jIte haiN| isa taraha arihaMtoM ke ye do rUpa haiM- 188(1) kriyAzIla arihaMta (kriyAzIla rahasyavAdI) 185. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1/191 186. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 63, 64 187. bhAvanAviveka, 234 188. Mysticism in Maharastra, Preface, P.28 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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(2) akriyAzIla arihaMta (akriyAzIla rhsyvaadii)| isa prakAra jahA~ kahIM bhI hamane arihaMta zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai aura jahA~ kahIM bhI kareMge vahA~ mukhyarUpa se hama usakA artha tIrthaMkara hI mAneMge aura gauNarUpa se sAmAnya kevaliyoM ko jaaneNge|189 tIrthaMkara banane meM solaha prakAra kI bhAvanAoM ke prati samarpaNa hotA hai|19 siddha avasthA tIrthaMkara hue binA bhI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| paramAtmA kI dhAraNA ___ jo divyatA kA anubhava kI huI AtmAe~ haiM, unheM hama paramAtmA kaha sakate haiN| siddha bhI paramAtmA kahe gaye haiM kintu na to arhat aura na siddha para saMsAra kI racanA, pAlana aura nAza kA uttaradAyitva hai| sAdhaka ko unase AzIrvAda aura zApa prApta nahIM hotA hai| "sAdhaka unakI pUjA karate haiM, prArthanA karate haiM aura una para dhyAna lagAte haiN| 191 kintu yahA~ yaha nahIM bhUlanA cAhie ki arihaMtoM yA siddhoM kI bhakti se AtmA meM ucca prakAra kA puNya saMcita hotA hai jisase kaI AdhyAtmika aura bhautika lAbha prApta hote haiN| - vaha jo unakA bhakta hotA hai usako samRddhi prApta hotI hai, vaha jo unakI nindA karatA hai vaha naraka meM giratA hai| ina donoM avasthAoM meM arihaMta udAsIna hote haiN|192 sAdhaka ko arihaMta aura siddha kI isa udAsInatA se nirAza nahIM honA caahie| jo bhI unake bhakta hote haiM ve apane Apa unnata ho jAte haiN| mukti prApta karane kA uttaradAyitva apane 189. mokSamArgaprakAzaka, 6 190. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/24 191. paramAtmaprakAza, Introduction, P.36 192. svayaMbhUstotra, 69 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (105) For Personal & Private Use Only

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svayaM ke prayatnoM para nirbhara karatA hai aura vaha apanI sArI zakti ko divya jIvana prApta karane meM samarpita kara detA hai| isa prakAra pratyeka AtmA ko paramAtmA banane kA adhikAra hai jisameM divya antaHzakti kI pUrNa anubhUti hotI hai| arihaMta kI vizeSatAe~ AcArAMga ke anusAra arihaMta sabhI dizAoM meM satya meM sthApita hote haiN| ve AtmasamAhita hote haiN| unhoMne apane Apako krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, Asakti, ghRNA, moha, janma, maraNa, naraka va pAzavika astitva ke duHkha se mukta kara liyA hai| arihaMta ati naitika jIvana jIte haiM, a-naitika jIvana nahIM jIte haiN| arihaMta ne pUrNa ahiMsA prApta kara lI hai| ve guNa-doSoM se, puNyapApa se aura zubha-azubha se pare hote haiM, phira bhI ve atyadhika rUpa se guNavAna kahe jA sakate haiM, yadyapi guNavAna jIvana unako janma-maraNa ke baMdhana meM nahIM DAlatA hai|| ___ samantabhadra ke anusAra arihaMta kI mana-vacana aura kAya kI kriyAe~ acintya hotI haiM kyoMki ve icchA aura ajJAna se utpanna nahIM hotI haiN|194 jo kucha bhI unase pravAhita hotA hai vaha mAnava jIvana ke duHkhoM ko miTAne ke lie sazakta hotA hai| saikar3oM AtmAe~ unako dekhane mAtra se AtmajAgrata ho jAtI haiM, apane mithyAtva ko tyAga detI haiN| unakI upasthiti sarvocca rUpa se prakAzadAyI hotI hai| hajAra netra hote hue bhI indra ke lie unakA zarIra 193. jJAnArNava, 42/33 194. svayaMbhUstotra, 74 (106) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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Azcaryajanaka hotA hai| ve mAnava svabhAva se pare haiM aura devatAoM dvArA pUjya haiM, isalie ve paramAtmA kahe jAte haiN|19 ve rahasyavAdI guNoM ke mUrta rUpa hote haiM aura samAja ke AdhyAtmika netA hote haiN|197 ve rAga, dveSa aura moha se pare hote haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa pUrNatayA vItarAgI hote haiN|198 dravya ke svarUpa ko antardRSTi se jAnane ke kAraNa unake sabhI saMdeha samApta ho gaye haiN|199 AtmAnubhava utpanna hone ke kAraNa indriyoM, mana aura kaSAyoM para vijaya prApta karanA unake lie svAbhAvika ho gayA hai arthAt AtmAnubhava ke kAraNa ve mitra aura zatru, sukha aura duHkha, prazaMsA aura nindA, jIvana aura maraNa, miTTI aura sone ke dvandva se pare ho gaye haiN|200 ve apane meM kucha sAmaMjasyapUrNa antarvirodhoM ko svIkAra karate haiM; ve Atmasthita hote haiM phira bhI sarvavyApaka haiM, ve sabhI vastuoM ko jAnate haiM phira bhI anAsakta haiM, ve dIrghAyu hote haiM phira bhI bur3hApe se rahita hote haiN|201 __ arihaMta zuddha cetanA ko abhivyakta karate haiM, ghAtiyA karmoM kA nAza karate haiM aura atIndriya jJAna prApta karate haiM,202 ananta zakti aura advitIya dIpti prApta kara cuke haiN|203 195. svayaMbhUstotra, 89 196. svayaMbhUstotra, 75 197. svayaMbhUstotra, 35 198. pravacanasAra, 1/14 amRtacandra kI TIkA sahita 199. pravacanasAra, 1/14, 2/105 200. pravacanasAra, 1/14, 3/41,42 201. viSApahArastotra, 1 202. pravacanasAra, 1/41 203. pravacanasAra, 1/15, 19 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (107) For Personal & Private Use Only

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arihaMtoM ke jIvana meM kevalajJAna utpanna ho cukA hai jisake kAraNa ve binA kisI sahAyatA ke pUrNarUpa se, ekasAtha sabhI dravyoM ko jAna lete haiN| isakA virodha sImita indriya jJAna se hai jo vastuoM ko apUrNarUpa se, krama se aura buddhi ke sahayoga se jAnatA hai| yaha kahanA AtmavirodhI nahIM hogA ki kevalajJAnI sarvavyApaka hotA hai aura sArI vastue~ unake andara hotI haiM kyoMki arihaMta jJAna ke mUrta rUpa haiM aura sAre viSaya jJAna ke viSaya haiN|204 kevalajJAnI bAharI vastuoM205 ko badalatA nahIM hai kintu unako dRSTAbhAva se dekhatA hai jaise A~kheM vastuoM ko dekhatI haiN|206 yogIndu isI taraha kahate haiM ki vizva paramAtmA meM sthita hai aura paramAtmA vizva meM kintu vaha vizva nahIM hai|207 kevalajJAna svataMtra hai, pUrNa hai, pavitra hai, antardRSTyAtmaka hai aura . vizva kI ananta vastuoM taka phailA huA hai, usakA Ananda se tAdAtmya kiyA jA sakatA hai, vahA~ azAnti nahIM hai kyoMki vaha azAnti aise jJAna se utpanna hotI hai jo parAdhIna hai, apUrNa hai, apavitra hai, parokSa hai 208 aura sImita vastuoM taka phailI huI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM, arihaMta kI cetanA sarvazaktimAna aura antardRSTyAtmaka hI nahIM hai kintu AnandapUrNa bhI hai| arihaMta apUrva Ananda anubhava karate haiM jo AtmA ke aMtaraMga se utpanna hotA hai jo atIndriya hai, apUrva hai, ananta hai aura avinAzI hai|209 204. pravacanasAra, 1/26 205. pravacanasAra, 1/32 206. pravacanasAra, 1/29 207. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/41 208. pravacanasAra, 1/59 amRtacandra kI TIkA sahita 209. pravacanasAra, 1/13 (108) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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eka prazna pUchA jA sakatA hai ki arihaMtoM ne jaba saba ghAtiyA karma naSTa kara diye haiM aura saMdehoM se rahita ho gaye haiM to ve kisa kA dhyAna karate haiM? 210 isakA uttara yaha kahakara diyA jA sakatA hai ki arihaMta jo pUrNa ho cuke haiM aura atIndriya haiM, Ananda kA dhyAna karate haiN| kundakunda ke anusAra arihaMta jinhoMne rAga, dveSa naSTa kara diyA hai aura anAsakti prApta kara lI hai, ve AtmA meM sthita hote haiM, ve asIma Ananda prApta karate haiM / 21 unakI cetanA antardRSTyAtmaka, AnandapUrNa aura sarvazaktimAna hotI hai| hama yaha niSkarSa nikAla sakate haiM ki arihaMta kA rahasyAtmaka anubhava avarNanIya aura anupama hotA hai / 212 'pAvana' zreNI ke rUpa meM arihaMta 214 arihaMta meM jo avarNanIya tattva hai vaha isa bAta kA dyotaka hai ki arihaMta kA sAra-svarUpa bauddhika dhAraNAoM meM samApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| yaha arhat kA prakAzamAna 213 pahalU hai jo tArkika yA naitika samajha se pare hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki arhat pUrNatayA 'lokabhinna' (Wholly other) haiN| yaha isa bAta ko batAtA hai ki "deva kA pahalU bahuta rahasyAtmaka hai aura use mAnavIya mApa se vyakta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / " 215 isI kAraNa se buddhi niSedhAtmaka abhivyaktiyoM kA sahArA letI hai| yadyapi abhivyaktiyA~ niSedhAtmaka hotI haiM kintu jisa ora ve saMketa karatI haiM ve svIkArAtmaka hotI haiM, ve jIvanta 210. pravacanasAra, 2 /105 211. pravacanasAra, 2 / 103, 104 212. jJAnArNava, 42/76, 77, 78 213. Idea of the Holy, P.5, 6, 7 214. Idea of the Holy, P.25 215. Idea of the Holy, Preface, P.18 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (109)

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anubhava kI pahu~ca meM hotI haiN| isa prakAra rahasyAtmaka jIvana kI garimA buddhigamya nahIM hotI hai aura zAstroM aura indriyoM kI pahu~ca se bAhara hotI hai kintu dhyAna ke dvArA anubhava kI jA sakatI hai| 246 yaha kahanA asaMgata nahIM hogA ki arhat kI zreNI 'pAvana' hotI hai arthAt vyAkhyA aura mUlyoM kI zreNI ke antargata kahI jAtI hai / rahasyavAdI kI dhArmika cetanA meM atArkika aura tArkika tattva antarvyApta hote haiN| avarNanIya tattva atArkika hotA hai aura kevalajJAna kA prakAza, ananta zakti, bhaya kA nAza va saMdeha kI samApti- ye sabhI tArkika tattva haiN| siddhAvasthA yA utkRSTa lokAtIta jIvana vaha avasthA jise hama videha mukti kahate haiM, vaha AtmA kI aMtima paripUrNatA hai aura siddhAvasthA kI prApti utkRSTa lokAtIta jIvana hai| AtmA kI yaha avasthA guNasthAnoM se pare hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI aMtima avasthA ke pazcAt AtmA eka kSaNa meM loka ke aMta meM calA jAtA hai kyoMki usake pazcAt dharma dravya aloka meM nahIM hai| 217 AtmA kA Urdhvagamana cAra kAraNoM se hotA hai - 218 prathama, AtmA meM dAsatA se mukta hone ke lie pUrva ghora prayatna kA prabhAva vidyamAna hone ke kAraNa, jisa prakAra kumhAra kA cAka hAtha haTA lene ke pazcAt bhI ghUmatA rahatA hai| dvitIya, karmoM ke bhAra se svataMtra hone ke kAraNa, jisa prakAra pAnI meM tumar3I kI Urdhvagati miTTI kA bhAra samApta hone ke kAraNa hotI hai| tRtIya, sabhI karmoM ke nAza hone ke phalasvarUpa, jaise eraNDa bIja kA Dhakkana haTAne ke kAraNa Urdhvagati hotI hai| caturtha, usakI apane 216. paramAtmaprakAza, 23 217. niyamasAra, 175, 183 218. sarvArthasiddhi, 10/6, 7 (110) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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aMtaraMga svabhAva ke kAraNa Urdhvagati hotI hai kyoMki karmoM kI zakti kI anupasthiti hai, jisa prakAra laimpa kI lau kI dizA havA kI anupasthiti ke kAraNa UrdhvagAmI hotI hai| AtmA kA vAstavika nivAsasthAna loka kA zIrSa hai, karmoM ke bhAra ke kAraNa AtmA saMsAra meM A jAtA hai aura jaba vaha apane svabhAva ko prApta kara letA hai to vaha apane vAstavika nivAsa para calA jAtA hai| siddha kI vizeSatAe~ siddha kArya-kAraNa ke saMbaMdha se pare hote haiM kyoMki dravya karma, bhAva karma aura pariNAmasvarUpa cAra gatiyA~ samApta ho gayI haiN| kAraNatA kI koTi sAMsArika jIvoM para lAgU hotI hai, siddhoM para nhiiN| kundakunda kahate haiM ki siddha na to utpAda hai aura na utpAdaka hai ata: na kAraNa hai aura na kaary|219 SaTkhaNDAgama ke anusAra vaha jisane samasta karmoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai, bAhya vastuoM se svataMtra hai aura usane ananta apUrva evaM amizritaM Ananda prApta kara liyA hai| ve kisI cIja meM Asakta nahIM haiM jinhoMne sthiratA prApta kara lI hai, jo sadguNoM ke nidhAna haiM aura jinhoMne loka ke zIrSa para apanA nivAsa banA liyA hai ve siddha hote haiN|220 siddhatva kI prApti kA nirvANa se bheda nahIM hai221 jahA~ niSedhAtmaka rUpa se kahA jAtA hai ki vahA~ na duHkha, na sukha, na koI karma, na zubhaazubha dhyAna, na mRtyu, na janma, na indriyA~, na vipatti, na moha, na Azcarya, na nidrA, na icchA, na bhUkha hai aura jahA~ svIkArAtmaka rUpa se kahane para vahA~ pUrNa jJAna hai, dhyAna hai, Ananda hai, zakti hai, abhautikatA 219. paJcAstikAya, 36 220. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga-1/200 221. niyamasAra, 183 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (111) For Personal & Private Use Only

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hai aura astitva hai|22 AcArAMga kA kathana hai- "vahA~ se saba svara lauTa Ate haiM jahA~ cintana ko koI sthAna nahIM hai aura na hI buddhi vahA~ praveza kara sakatI hai|" "siddha binA zarIra ke haiM, na unake punarjIvana haiM, na pudgala se koI saMbaMdha hai, ve strI nahIM haiM, puruSa nahIM haiM, napuMsaka nahIM haiM, ve jJAtA-dRSTA haiM kintu unakA koI sAdRzya nahIM haiN|"223 AtmA kI yaha avasthA rahasyAtmaka yAtrA kI samApti hai| yaha aMtima lakSya hai jisake lie AtmA prAraMbha se hI saMgharSa kara rahA thaa| dUsare zabdoM meM siddhoM kA itihAsa bandhana se svataMtratA kI ora gamana kA itihAsa hai| yaha naitika aura AdhyAtmika prayatnoM meM vijaya kA itihAsa hai| 222. niyamasAra, 178, 179, 180, 181 223. Acaranga - Sutra, 1-5-6-3-4, P.52 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

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sandarbha-grantha-sUcI i o 1. amitagati zrAvakAcAra, anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 2. anagAra dharmAmRta, AzAdhara, khuzAlacanda pAnAcanda gAMdhI, zolApura 3. AcArasAra, vIranandi, zAntisAgara digambara jaina granthamAlA 4. iSTopadeza, pUjyapAda, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 5. ekIbhAva stotra, vAdirAja, mUlacanda kizanadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata, 'paJcastotra saMgraha' ke antargata kalyANamaMdira stotra, vAdirAja, mUlacanda kizanadAsa kApaDiyA, sUrata, 'paJcastotra-saMgraha' ke antargata 7. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 8. gommaTasAra karmakANDa, nemicandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 9. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, nemicandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 10. cAritrapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, 'aSTapAhuDa' ke antargata 11. jinazataka, samantabhadra, syAdvAda ratnAkara kAryAlaya, kAzI . .12. jJAnArNava, zubhacandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI - 13. tattvArthasUtra, umAsvAmI, sarvArthasiddhi ke antargata, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 14. tattvAnuzAsana, nAgakumAra muni, vIrasevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI . 15. dazabhaktyAdi saMgraha, pUjyapAda, akhila vizva jaina mizana, sAbarakAMThA, gujarAta 16. dravyasaMgraha, sarala jaina grantha bhaNDAra, jabalapura 17. niyamasAra, kundakunda, padmaprabhamaladhArIdeva kI TIkA sahita, grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI 18. paJcAstikAya, kundakunda, amRtacandra aura jayasena kI TIkA sahita, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (113) For Personal & Private Use Only

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19. - paramAtmaprakAza, yogIndu, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 20. puruSArthasiddhayupAya, amRtacandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 21. pravacanasAra, kundakunda, amRtacandra aura jayasena kI TIkA sahita, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 22. bodhapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 'aSTapAhuDa' ke antargata . 23. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, vijayodaya aura mUlAdhAradarpaNa TIkA sahita, sakhArAma nemacanda digambara jaina granthamAlA, zolApura ... 24. bhaktAmara stotra, jaina grantharatnAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI . 25. bhAvanAviveka, cainasukhadAsa, sadbodha granthamAlA, jayapura 26. bhAvapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 'aSTapAhuDa' ke antargata 27. mUlAcAra, vaTTakera, anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA, bambaI 28. mokSapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 'aSTapAhuDa' ke antargata 29. mokSamArgaprakAzaka, paMDita ToDaramala, digambara jaina saMgha, caurAsI, mathurA 30. yuktyanuzAsana, samantabhadra, vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 31. yogazAstra, hemacandra , RSabhacandra toharI, dillI 32. yogasAra, yogIndu, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 33. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, samantabhadra, vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 34. rAjavArtika, akalaMka, bhAga-1, 2, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 35. labdhisAra, nemicandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 36. labdhisAra, ToDaramalajI kI candrikA TIkA sahita, gAMdhI-hIrAbhAI devakaraNa jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA 37. liMgapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 'aSTapAhuDa' ke antargata 38. vRhatkathAkoza, DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye kI bhUmikA 39. SaTkhaNDAgama, bhAga- 1, 2, 13, vIrasena, puSpadanta aura bhUtabali kI dhavalA TIkA sahita, jaina sAhitya uddhAraka phaNDa kAryAlaya, amarAvatI (114) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

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40. samayasAra, kundakunda, amRtacandra aura jayasena kI TIkA sahita, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 41. samAdhizataka, pUjyapAda, vIrasevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 42. sarvArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 43. sAmAyika pATha, amitagati, jinabhAratI-saMgraha, zrIvarNI digambara jaina gurukula, jabalapura 44. sUtrapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha 'aSTapAhUDa' ke antargata 45. svayaMbhUstotra, samantabhadra, vIra sevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dehalI 46. Acaranga-Sutra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XXII 47. Atmanusasana, Gunabhadra, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. Viii 48. Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy by R. D. Ranade; Oriental book Agency, Poona-2 49. Dravya-Samgraha, Sacred Books of the Jains, Vol.I 50. Evolution of Religion, referred by R. D. Ranade, Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy 51. Idea of the Holy, Rudolf Otto, Oxford University Press, London 52. Mahavira and his Philosophy of life, Dr. A. N. Upadhye, The Indian Institute of Culture, Bangalore-4 53. Mysticism in Maharashtra, R.D.Ranade, University of Bombay, Bombay 54. Niyamsara, Kundakunda, Sacred Books of the Jains, Vol.IX 55. . Pathway to God-realization in Hindi Literature, H.D.Ranade, Adhyatma Vidya Mandira, Sangli 56. Uttaradhyayana, Sacred Books of the East, Vol. XLV 57. Yasastilaka and Indian Culture, Handiqui, Jivaraja Granthamala, Sholapur 58. Yoga of the Saints, Dr. V. H. Date, Populer Book Depot, Bombay-7 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (115) For Personal & Private Use Only

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