Hindu Dharm Kosh

Author(s): Rajbali Pandey
Publisher: Utter Pradesh Hindi Samsthan Lakhnou
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/016098/1

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- DaoN0balI pANDeya hindU dharmakoza

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- uttara pradeza hindI saMsthAna : hindI samiti prabhAga ke dharma, darzana tathA saMskRti viSayaka prakAzana 21-00 15-00 20-00 18-00 18-00 2-50 5-00 6-50 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 1 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 2 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 3 dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, bhAga 4 * dharmazAsra kA itihAsa, bhAga 5 dharmazAsra kA itihAsa (zabdAnukramaNikA) vedatrayI paricaya pramukha smRtiyoM kA adhyayana tAMtrika sAhitya vedoM meM bhAratIya saMskRti bhAratIya nItizAstra kA itihAsa yoga darzana vizva mAnavatA kI ora cArvAka darzana bhAratIya sthApatya bauddha dharma ke vikAsa kA itihAsa * bhAratIya itihAsa koza * halAyudha koza 30-00 10-00 20-00 7-00 7-00 12-00 16-00 12-00 18-00 25-00 COVER PRINTED BY GW. LAWRIE & CO LUCKNOW. Jal Education International

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hindU dharmakoza

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hindI samiti prabhAga graMthamAlA-248 hindU dharmakoza DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya ema0 e0, DI0 liT0, vidyAratna bhUtapUrva kulapati, jabalapura vizvavidyAlaya, jabalapura uttara pradeza hindI saMsthAna ( hindI samiti prabhAga) rAjarSi puruSottamadAsa TaMDana hindI bhavana mahAtmA gAMdhI mArga, lakhanaU

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hindU dharmakoza prathama saMskaraNa 1978 mUlya paiMtAlIsa rupaye mudraka bAbUlAla jaina phAgulla mahAvIra presa, bhelUpura, vArANasI-1

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prakAzakIya nIti, sadAcAra, zIla tathA adhyAtma sambandhI mAnyatAoM ke samudAya ko dharma kI saMjJA pradAna kI gayI hai| hindU dharma kA kSetra bahata hI vistata hai| isameM vyakti athavA vyaktiyoM ke samUha ke sAmAjika, rAjanItika, Arthika, pArivArika, sabhI jIvana-vyavahAroM ko keMdrita kiyA gayA hai / vicAra athavA ciMtana kI vyApakatA aura svataMtratA kA samagrarUpeNa samAveza hindU dharma meM pAyA jAtA hai| vibhinna darzanoM tathA unake aneka bhedoM-vibhedoM, zAkhAoM, upazAkhAoM tathA inase anuprANita svatantra mata-matAntaroM kI vyApakatA bhI isa dharma meM parilakSita hotI hai| bauddhika udAratA hindU dharma kI apanI alaga viziSTatA hai| jIvana ke AcAra kI sudIrgha AsthAoM aura mAnyatAoM se deza athavA jAti kI saMskRti aura jJAnacetanA ke vividha AyAmoM kA mApana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi se bhArata kI dharmaparamparA kA AbhAsa prAgaitihAsika kAla se hI hone lagatA hai| phira kramazaH veda, vedottara grantha, vedAMga, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata, smRti, purANa, tantra, Agama, tripiTaka syAdvAda kRtiyA~, santavANI, Adigrantha, vacanAmRta, sAkhI, doharA Adi ke mAdhyama se bhI dhArmika vargIkaraNa kI spaSTa jhalaka milatI hai| isa prakAra pUrvokta vAGamaya kI athAha racanA aura vipula anuSThAnapaddhati kA samudAya isameM dRSTigata hotA hai / ina sabameM pAraMgata honA to dUra, kisI eka paddhati ko samajhanA bhI Aja ke vyasta jIvana meM azakya pratIta hotA hai / sammAnya AcArya tathA bhAratIya saMskRti, itihAsa evaM kalA ke saphala prAdhyApaka DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya ne prastuta hindU dharmakoza ke mAdhyama se dharma kI isI vizAlatA se paricita karAne kA uttama prayAsa kiyA hai / unhoMne hindU dharma ke sabhI aMgoM, sampradAyoM, zAkhAoM, mata-matAntaroM kA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa to isameM diyA ho hai, isakI puSTi aura prAmANikatA ke lie sabhI pravartaka AcAryoM, granthakAroM, vyAkhyAtAoM, siddhAMtanirUpakoM, anuSThAtAoM, anuyAyI ziSyoM aura bhaktoM kA samIkSAtmaka paricaya bhI sannihita kiyA hai| sAtha hI samasta AdhArabhUta grantharacanAoM, puNyasthaloM, tIrthoM, pUjAvidhiyoM, bhajana-dhyAna, japa, tapa, vrata, dAna, upAsanA Adi ke sAMgopAMga vivecanAtmaka saMdarbha bhI prastuta kiye haiN| saMsthAna ke hindI samiti prabhAga dvArA isa ananyatama grantha ko prakAzita kara hindI jagat ke samakSa prastuta karane meM hameM atyadhika prasannatA aura gaurava kA anubhava ho rahA hai| DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya Aja hamAre bIca nahIM rahe, anyathA isa koza kA svarUpa unake sAnnidhya meM aura adhika pariSkRta evaM saMskRta hotA, aisA hamArA vizvAsa hai| koza ke sampAdana aura madraNa meM kAzI vizvavidyAlaya ke itihAsa vibhAga ke adhyApaka DaoN. vizuddhAnanda pAThaka aura hindI samiti ke bhUtapUrva sahAyaka sampAdaka zrI ciraMjIvalAla zarmA ne pUrNa niSThA ke sAtha athaka zrama kiyA hai| unake isa yogadAna kA hI pratiphala hai ki isa kRti ke mAdhyama se, jisameM hindU dharma kI suvistRta jAnakArI sannihita hai, svargIya DaoN0 rAjabalI pANDeya kI pavitra smRti ko ujAgara karane meM hama saphala ho sake haiM / vizvAsa hai, prastuta grantha kA sarvatra svAgata aura samAdara hogA tathA hindU dharma ke adhyetA, jijJAsU evaM anya sammAnya jana isake mAdhyama meM apekSita rUpa se lAbhAnvita ho skeNge| . . . hajArIprasAda dvivedI kAryakArI upAdhyakSa

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prastAvanA zAstrIya vAGmaya kA vistAra jitanI mAtrA meM hotA hai utanI hI mAtrA meM jJAna kI paridhi bar3hatI jAtI hai / viSayoM ke vargIkaraNa tathA vizeSa vargoM meM punaH Antarika adhyayana se jJAna aura agAdha hotA jAtA hai / kucha bahuzruta vizeSajJa to isa jJAnasAgara kA AMzika avagAhana kara pAte haiM, parantu adhikAMza zikSita samudAya ke lie usameM utaranA saMbhava nahIM ho pAtA / usake lie kisI aura prakAra kA sopAna cAhie jisase vaha jJAnasamudra meM utara sake / ataH sAmAnya zikSita logoM kI sahAyatA ke lie sandarbha aura koza graMthoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / inake dvArA sAmAnya zikSita vyakti apane saMkIrNa adhyayanakSetra ke bAhara se bhI saMkSipta jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| isI uddezya kI pUrti ke lie prAyaH sabhI vikasita bhASAoM meM koza aura vizvakoza nirmita karane ke prayAsa hote rahe haiM / sampUrNa vAGmaya ke koza aura zabdakoza banate Aye hai| aMgrejI tathA anya samRddha bhASAoM meM isa prakAra kA pracura sAhitya nirmita ho cukA hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM bhI zabdakoza tathA vizvakoza banAne kI paramparA rahI hai| saMskRta meM aneka prakAra tathA AkAra ke zabdakoza evaM paryAyakoza pAye jAte haiM / saMgraha, nibaMdha, sAra Adi viSayagata koza bhI saMskRta meM milate haiM / mahAbhArata, purANAdi vizvakoza zailI ke Akara grantha haiM / inameM vividha viSayoM para pracura sAmagrI kA saMkalana pAyA jAtA haiN| amarakoza vargIkRta paryAyakoza hai| lakSmIdhara kA kRtyakalpataru, mitramitra kA vIramitrodaya, hemAdri panta kA caturvagaM cintAmaNi Adi nibandha graMtha vizvakoza zailI ke hI haiM, yadyapi ye akSarakrama meM na hokara viSayakrama se likhe gaye haiM / mAdhavAcArya ke sarvadarzanasaMgraha Adi milate-julate prayatna haiM / ina sabhI kA uddezya yahI thA ki kisI yA kinhIM viSayoM ke vistRta jJAna kI sAmagrI ekatra upalabdha ho ske| 1 hindI bhASA meM bhI koza aura vizvakoza banAne ke prayatna pahale se prArambha ho cuke haiM / kucha chiTapuTa zabdakozoM ke pazcAt kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA se prakAzita 'hindI zabdasAgara' tathA 'saMkSipta hindI zabdasAgara' prasiddha koza haiM / kalakatte se DaoN0 nagendranAtha vasu dvArA chabbIsa bhAgoM meM racita evaM prakAzita 'hindI vizvakoza' eka virAT kRti hai / mukhyataH eka vyakti kA yaha prayAsa vAstava meM Azcaryajanaka aura sarAhanIya hai| isa grantha kA praNayana 1916 I0 meM prArambha huA thaa| DaoN0 basu ne isa grantha kI bhUmikA meM kahA hai ki yaha kisI anya granthakA anuvAda na hokara svataMtra racanA hai aura hindI meM isakA praNayana isalie kiyA gayA ki hindI Age calakara rASTrabhASA banegI / vAstava meM vizvakoza kisI bhI rASTrabhASA ke gauravagrantha haiM / inase hI rASTra kI jJAnagarimA kA paricaya ekatra milatA hai| kAzI nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA se prakAzita 'hindI vizvakoza' isI dizA meM eka dUsarA prazaMsanIya prayAsa hai| lakhanaU se prakAzita 'vizva bhAratI' aura jAmiyA milliyA dillI se prakAzita 'jJAnagaMgA' ullekhanIya kRtiyAM haiM jJAnamaNDala, vArANasI se prakAzita 'hindI sAhitya koza' viSayagata koza kI dizA meM pahalA mUlyavAn prayAsa hai phira bhI hindI meM viSayagata kozoM kA prAyaH abhAva hI hai| hindI meM dharmasAhitya kA bhI koI koza athavA vizvakoza nahIM bana pAyA hai / jJAnamaNDala, vArANasI se prakAzita 'hindutva' hindU dhArmika sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivaraNAtmaka paricaya hai, koza nahIM usakI saMgrathana zailI bhI akSarakramika na hokara aitihAsika tithikramika hai / ataH hindI meM 'hindU dharmakoza' kI vAMchanIyatA banI rahI aura isake abhAva kA anubhava ho rahA thA / prastuta prayAsa isI dizA meM prathama caraNa hai| hesTigj dvArA sampAdita 'dharma- nIti vizvakoza' (insAiklopIDiyA oNpha relijana eNDa Ithiksa) ke sammukha to yaha bAla prathama caraNa hai / yadi rASTra kA sAmUhika sAhasa jagA to isa prakAra kA mahAprayAsa bhI saMbhava ho skegaa| Aja se dasa varSa pUrva maiMne hindI sAhitya sammelana, prayAga ke lie 'dharma- nIti vizvakoza' kI yojanA prastuta kI thI / parantu yaha kArya kaI kAraNoM se Age nahIM bar3hA / abhI bhaviSya usakI pratIkSA meM hai /

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hindU dharma ke antargata bhArata meM udita sabhI dharmadhArAoM kI gaNanA hai| parantu suvidhA ke lie prastuta grantha meM mukhyatayA vaidika paramparA se vikasita dhArmika sampradAyoM kA hI samAveza kiyA gayA hai| yadi saMbhava huA to bauddha tathA jaina dharmadhArAoM para bhI isa grantha ke krama meM dUsarA grantha prastuta kiyA jaaygaa| isa grantha meM saMskRta varNamAlA ke akSarakrama se pramukha zabdoM ke antargata hindU dharma ke vividha viSayoM kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai / dUsare zabdoM meM, saMgrathana zailI kozAtmaka rakhI gayI hai / isameM hindU dharma ke nimnAMkita viSaya saMgrahIta haiM : 1. dhArmika vAGmaya ke pramukha grantha, 2. dharmapravartaka, AcArya, santa, lekhaka Adi, 3. pUjApaddhati : karmakANDa, upAsanA evaM yoga, vrata, utsava Adi, 4. devamaNDala tathA arddha devayoni, 5. dharmavijJAna, 6. dharmazAstra, 7. dhArmika tathA naitika AcAra, 8. tIrtha, pavitra nadI, parvatAdi, 9. dhArmika sampradAya, 10. lokavizvAsa Adi / hindU dharma kA vAGmaya kAla aura deza kI vizAla paridhi meM bikharA par3A hai| Rgveda se lekara Adhunika santoM ke vacanoM taka hindU dharma kA mahAsAgara bar3hatA jA rahA hai / ataH viSayoM aura zabdoM ke cunAva kA prazna bar3A vikaTa hai| vAstava meM isa prakAra ke koza kA nirmANa zabdoM ke saMkalana meM hI nahIM, zabdoM ke chor3ane ke vyAyAma meM bhI hai| phira bhI sAhasa baTorakara zabdoM kA saMgraha aura tyAga karanA par3atA hai / jina srotoM se zabdoM kA cunAva aura saMkalana kiyA gayA hai, ve nimnAMkita haiM: 1. vaidika saMhitAe~ 2. brAhmaNa grantha 3. AraNyaka 4. upaniSad 5. vedAGga 6. sUtra grantha-zrauta, dharma aura gRhya 7. rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata 8. purANa tathA upapurANa 9. smRti grantha 10. dArzanika (dharmavaijJAnika) sAhitya 11. bhASya tathA nibandha grantha 12. tantra aura Agama 13. pramukha prAdezika bhASAoM kA dhArmika sAhitya 14. sAmpradAyika dhArmika sAhitya 15. dhArmika sudhAraNAoM tathA AndolanoM ke itihAsa grantha 16. lokadharma kA alikhita athavA maukhika sAhitya Adi /

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isa prayAsa meM svabhAvataH truTiyA~ raha gayI haiM / koza aura vizvakoza kA kramazaH vikAsa aura pariSkAra hotA hai / unakA itihAsa uttarottara nirmita hotA rahatA hai| samaya-samaya para vijJa pAThakoM ke sujhAva aura parAmarza se grantha meM saMzodhana, parivartana tathA parivardhana ke lie preraNA milatI hai| AzA hai, bhaviSya meM yaha grantha bar3e AkAra tathA prakAra meM nikala skegaa| samprati jisa rUpa meM yaha prastuta ho sakA hai, janadevatA ko samarpita hai| sacamuca koza eka sAmayika ghar3I hai / sabase acchI ghar3I bhI bilkula ThIka samaya nahIM batAtI / phira bhI 'nahIM ghar3I se koI bhI ghar3I acchI hotI hai / kaNakaNa jor3akara yaha koza nirmita huA hai| jina atIta tathA vartamAna ke kozakAroM tathA lekhakoM se isameM sahAyatA milI hai, unake prati atyanta anugRhIta huuN| jina mitroM ne pANDulipi taiyAra karane meM sahayoga kiyA hai, unakA bhI hArdika AbhAra mAnatA huuN| vijayA dazamI, 2027 vi0 rAjabalI pANDeya

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a0 kA0 ghe0 a0 smR0 a0 ve0 a0 a0 pari0 antya0 pa0 A0 0 0 A0 dha0 sU0 A0 zrI0 sU0 A0 gu0 mU0 A0 dhI0 sU0 R0 ve0 e0 I0 ai0 A0 ai0 upa0 ai0 brA0 ka0 va0 ni0 kA0 dhI0 sU0 kA0 smR0 kR0 ka0 ta0 kR0 ra0 kau0 0 a0 kau0 prA0 u0 kau0 sU0 khA0 gu0 sU0 ga0 pu0 ga0 pa0 gR0 sU0 go0 brA0 go0 gR0 sU0 gau0 50 sU0 catu0 tri0 chA0 upa0 jImUta0 ahalyAkAmadhenu (patrAtmaka ) atrismRti atharvaveda adhyAya atharvaveda pariziSTa antyeSTipaddhati ApastambagRhyasUtra Apastamba dharmasUtra ApastambazrautasUtra AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra AzvalAyana zrautasUtra Rgveda epigrAphiyA iMDikA aitareya AraNyaka aitareya upaniSad aitareya brAhmaNa kalivarjyanirNaya kAtyAyana zrautasUtra kAtyAyanasmRti kRtyakalpataru kRtyaratnAkara kauTilya arthazAstra kauzItaki brAhmaNa upaniSad kauzikasUtra khAdira gRhyasUtra garuDapurANa gadAparapaddhati saMketa-sAraNI jai0 gRhyasUtra gopatha brAhmaNa gobhila gRhmasU gautama dharmasUtra caturvargacitAmaNi chAndogya upaniSad jImUtavAhana 0 upa0 jai0 gR0 ja0 pU0 mI0 tA0 brA0 tai0 A0 tai0 brA0 0 saM0 tri0 se0 da0 smR0 de0 smR0 de0 pa0mi0 50 50 nA0 pu0 nA0 smR0 ni0 si0 mI0 pu0 pa0 pu0 pa0 mA0 pa0 smR0 pA0 0 0 pu0vi0 pU0 pra0 pR0 mI0 mu0 prA0 ta0 prA0 pra0 prA0 ma0 prA0 vi0 bR0 upa0 0 saM0 bR0 smR0 bI0 0 gR0 sU0 0 0 0 bau0 dhI0 mu0 jaiminIya upaniSad jaiminIya gRhyasUtra jaiminIya pUrvamImAMsA tANDya brAhmaNa taittirIya AraNyaka taittirIya brAhmaNa taittirIya saMhitA tristhalI setu dakSasmRti devalasmRti dekhie dharmasindhu dharmasUtra nAradapurANa nAradasmRti nirNayasindhu nIlamatapurANa padmapurANa parAzaramAdhavIya parAzarasmRti pAraskaragRhyasUtra puruSArthacintAmaNi pUjAprakAza pUrvamImAMsAsUtra prAyazcittatattva prAyazcittaprakAza prAyazcittamayUkha prAyazcittaviveka bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad bRhatsaMhitA bRhaspatismRti baudhAyana gRhyasUtra dIpAyana dharmasUtra baudhAyana zrautasUtra

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( 12 ) brahma0 pu0 brahmA0 pu. bha0 gItA bha0 pu0 bhA0 pu0 bhA0 gR0 sU0 ma0 pu0 ma0 pAri0 ma0 smR0 ma0 bhA0 mA0 gR0 sU0 mA0 pu0 mitA0 vi0 dharma vI0 mi0 vai0 sU0 za0 brAhmaNa zA0 gR0 sU0 zA0 zrI0 sU0 zA0pa0 zu0 ka0 zu0 kau0 mI0 kau0 medhA mai0 saM0 ya0 ve0 ya0 dha0 saM0 yA0 smR0 rA0 dha0 ko0 va0 kR0 dI0 va0 pu0 va0 dha0 sU0 va0 smR0 vAma0 pu0 vA0 pu0 vA0 ga0 sU0 vA0 saM0 vi0 pu. vi0 dha0 sU0 brahmapurANa brahmANDapurANa bhagavadgItA bhaviSyapurANa zrImadbhAgavatapurANa bhAradvAja gRhyasUtra matsyapurANa madanapArijAta manusmRti mahAbhArata mAnavagRhyasUtra mArkaNDeyapurANa mitAkSarA (vijJAnezvara kI yAjJavalkyasmRti para TIkA) mImAMsAkaustubha medhAtithi (manusmRti para) maMtrAyaNI saMhitA yajurveda yatidharmasaMgraha yAjJavalkya smRti rAjadharmakaustubha varSakRtyadIpikA varAhapurANa vasiSThadharmasUtra vasiSThasmRti vAmanapurANa vAyupurANa vArAhagRhyasUtra vAjasaneyI saMhitA viSNupurANa viSNudharmasUtra zu0pra0 zu0 kri0 zU0 ka0 zve0 upa0 zrA0 ka0 thA0 kri0 sa0 pra0 saM0 kau0 saM0 ca0 saM0 pra0 saM0 ma0 sA0 vi0 brA0 sa0 ratna sA0va0 ska0 pu. smR0 ca. smR0 mu0 hA0 dha0 ma0 hA0 smR0 hi0 gR0 sU0 hi0 dha0 sU0 hemAdri0 viSNudharmottarapurANa vIramitrodaya vedAntasUtra zatapatha brAhmaNa zAGkhAyana gRhyasUtra zAGkhAyana zrautasUtra zAntiparva (mahA0) zuddhikalpataru zuddhikaumudI zuddhiprakAza zuddhikriyAkaumudI zUdrakamalAkara zvetAzvatajJa upaniSad zrAddhakalpataru zrAddhakriyAkaumudI samayapradIpa saMskArakaustubha saMskAracandrikA saMskAraprakAza saMskAramayUkha sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa saMskAraratnamAlA sAmaveda skandapurANa smRticandrikA smRtimuktAphala hArItadharmasUtra hArItasmRti hiraNyakezigRhyasUtra hiraNyakezidharmasUtra hemAdri, caturvargacintAmaNi

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hindU dharmakoza a-svaravarNa kA prathama akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isake aMkAraM bindusaMyuktaM pItavidyutsamaprabham / dhArmika pratIkatva kA nimnAMkita varNana pAyA jAtA hai : paJcaprANAtmakaM varNaM brahmAdidevatAmayam // zRNu tattvamakArasya atigopyaM varAnane / sarvajJAnamayaM varNa bindutrayasamanvitam / zaraccandrapratIkAzaM paJcakoNamayaM sadA / / tantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma hai : paJcadevamayaM varNa zaktitrayasamanvitam / aMkArazcakSuSo danto ghaTikA samaguhyakaH / nirguNaM triguNopetaM svayaM kaivalyamUrtimat / / pradyumnaH zrImukhI prIti/jayonivRSadhvajaH / / bindutattvamayaM varNa svayaM prakRtirUpiNI // paraM zazI pramANIzaH somabinduH kalAnidhiH / [ziva pArvatI se kahate haiM, he sumukhI ! akAra ke ati akrUrazcetanA nAdapUrNA duHkhaharaH zivaH / gopanIya tattva ko suno| yaha zaraccandra ke samAna prakAza zivaH zambhunarezazca sukhaduHkhapravartakaH / mAna aura sadA paJcakoNamaya hai / yaha varNa paJcadevamaya tathA pUrNimA revatI zuddhaH kanyAkSaraviyad haviH / / tInoM zaktiyoM se samanvita hai| nirguNa hote hue bhI tInoM amRtAkarSiNI zUnyaM vicitrA vyomarUpiNI / guNoM se saMyukta tathA svayaM mUrtimAn kaivalya hai / yaha varNa kedAro rAtrinAzazca kubjikA caiva bubudaH / / bindutattvamaya aura svayaM prakRtirUpiNI zakti hai / ] (2) ekAkSara koza meM isakA artha parabrahma kiyA gayA varNAbhidhAnatantra meM isake nimnalikhita abhidhAna diye| hai| mahAbhArata (12.17.126) meM mahezvara ke artha meM isakA prayoga hai : aH zrIkaNThaH surezazca lalATazcaikamAtrikaH / 'binduvisargaH sumukhaH zaraH sarvAyudhaH sahaH / ' pUrNodarI sRSTimedhau sArasvataM priyaMvadA / / [bindu, visarga, sumukha, zara, sarvAyudha aura saha ye mahAbrAhmI vAsudevo dhanezaH kezavo'mRtam / mahezvara ke nAma haiN| ] kIrtinivRttirvAgIzo narakAriharo marut // aMza-(1) dvAdaza AdityoM meM se eka / mahAbhArata meM inakI brahmA vAmAdyajo hrasvaH karasuH praNavAdyakaH / / gaNanA isa prakAra hai: dhAtA mitro'ryamA zakro varuNastvaMza eva ca / brahmANI kAmarUpazca kAmezI vAsinI viyat / bhago vivasvAn pUSA ca savitA dazamastathA / / vizvezaH zrIviSNukaNThau pratipattithiraMzinI / / ekAdazastathA tvaSTA dvAdazo viSNureva ca / arkamaNDalavarNAdyo brAhmaNa, kAmakarSiNI / / jaghanyastveSa sarveSAmAdityAnAM gaNAdhikaH / / isa akSara ke AkAra-saMyojana meM 'varNoddhAratantra' ke (2) purANoM ke anusAra yaduvaMza ke eka rAjA kA nAma anusAra kaI devatAoM kA nivAsa batalAyA gayA hai : hai : 'tataH kuruvatsaH / tatazca anurathaH / tataH puruhotro dakSataH kuNDalIbhUtvA kuJcitA vAmato gtaa| jajJe / tatazca aMza iti / ' (zrImadbhAgavata) tato'rddhasaMgatA rekhA dakSordhA tAsu zaGkaraH // (3) dharmazAstra ke anusAra paitRka riktha kA vibhAgAGka: vidhirnArAyaNazcaiva santiSThet kramazaH sadA / 'dvAvaMzau pratipadyata vibhajannAtmanaH pitaa|' arddhamAtrA zaktirUpA dhyAnamasya ca kathyate / / (4) bhagavadgItA meM jIvAtmA ko Izvara kA aMza kahA aM-(1) svaravarNa kA paJcadaza akSara (kinhIM ke mata meM yaha gayA hai : anusvAra mAtra hai / mahezvara ke caturdaza satroM meM isakA 'mamaivAMzo jIvaloke jIvabhUtaH sanAtanaH / ' pATha nahIM hai)| kAmadhenatantra meM usakA mAhAtmya aMzaka ( aMzabhAk )-dharmazAstra ke anusAra paitRka sampatti isa prakAra hai: meM aMza ( bhAga ) pAne vAlA dAyAda :

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aMzI-akAlI sravantISvaniruddhAsu trayo varNA dvijAtayaH / dvibindurasanA somo'niruddho duHkhasUcakaH / prAtarutthAya kartavyaM devarSipitRtarpaNam / / dvijihvaH kuNDalaM vakraM sargaH shktinishaakrH|| niruddhAsu na kurvI rannaMzabhAk tatra setukRt / / sundarI suyazAnantA gaNanAtho mahezvaraH // (prAyazcittatattva) ekAkSara kozameM isakA artha mahezvara kiyA gayA hai| pArivArika, daiva tathA pitRkArya karane kA usI ko mahAbhArata (13.17.126) meM kathana hai : adhikAra hotA hai jise paitRka sampatti meM aMza milatA hai| 'bindurvisargaH sumukhaH zaraH sarvAyudhaH sahaH / ' aMzI-pataka sampatti meM aMza (bhAga) pAne vAlA dAyAda : akala-akhaNDa, eka mAtra parabrahma, jisakI kalA (aMza) vibhAgaJcet pitA kuryAt svecchayA vibhajet sutAn / yA kalanA ( gaNanA, mApa ) nahIM hai| jyeSThaM vA zreSThabhAgena sarve vA syuH samAMzinaH // akAlI-sikkhoM meM 'sahijadhArI' aura 'siMha' do vibhAga (yAjJavalkya smRti) haiN| sahijadhArI ve haiM jo vizeSa rUpa yA bAnA nahIM dhAraNa [ pitA apanI sampatti kA vibhAga karate hue svecchA krte| inakI nAnakapaMthI, udAsI, handAlI, mIna, se putroM meM vibhAjana kara de| jyeSTha putra ko zreSTha bhAga de rAmaraMja aura sevApanthI cha: zAkhAe~ haiN| siMha logoM ke athavA sabhI putra samAnAMzI hoM / ] tIna paMtha hai-(1) khAlasA, jise guru govindasiMha ne azumAn-sUrya kA eka paryAya (aMzavo vidyante asya iti)| calAyA, (2) nirmala, jise vIrasiMha ne calAyA aura vaMzAvalI ke anusAra sUryavaMza ke rAjA asamaJja ke putra (3) akAlI, jise mAnasiMha ne claayaa| akAlI kA kA nAma: artha hai 'amaraNazIla' jo 'akAla puruSa' zabda se liyA sagarasyAsamaJjastu asamaJjAdathAMzumAn / gayA hai| akAlI sainika sAdhuoM kA paMtha hai, jisakI dilIpoM'zumataH putro dilIpasya bhagIrathaH / / sthApanA san 1690 meM huI / uparyukta navoM sikkha sampra(rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa) dAya nAnakazAhI 'pAnagraMthI' se prArthanA Adi karate haiM / [sagara kA putra asamaJja, asamaJja kA aMzumAn, aMzu 'japajI', 'raharAsa', 'sohilA', 'sukhamanI' evaM 'AsA-dImAn kA dilIpa aura dilIpa kA putra bhagIratha huaa|] vAra' kA saMgraha hI 'paMjagraMthI' hai| brahmavaivarta purANa (prakRti khaNDa, aSTama adhyAya) meM gaGgA __ akAlI sampradAya dUsare sikkha sampradAyoM se bhinna hai, vataraNa ke sandarbha meM aMzumAn kI kathA milatI hai| kyoMki nAgA tathA gosA~iyoM kI taraha inakA yaha sainika aMzumAlI-sUrya kA paryAya ( aMzUnAM mAlA asti yasya saMgaThana hai| isake saMsthApaka mUlataH svayaM guru govindasiMha the| iti ) / viSNupurANa meM Aditya aura aMzumAlI kI akAlI nIlI dhArIdAra pozAka pahanate haiM, kalAI para lohe abhinnatA batAyI gayI hai : 'Aditya ivAMzumAlI cacAra / ' kA kar3A, U~cI tikonI nIlI pagar3I meM teja dhAravAlA a:-svara varNa kA SoDaza akSara (kinhIM ke mata meM yaha lohacakra, kaTAra, churI tathA lohe kI jaMjIra dhAraNa 'ayogavAha' hai| mAhezvara sUtroM meM isakA yoga (pATha) nahIM karate haiN| hai ) / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA mAhAtmya nimnAMkita hai : sainika kI haisiyata se akAlI 'nihaMga' kahe jAte akAraM paramezAni visargasahitaM sadA / haiM jisakA artha hai 'aniyaMtrita' / sikkhoM ke itihAsa meM aHkAraM paramezAni raktavidyutprabhAmayam / / inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| san 1818 meM muTThIbhara paJcadevamayo varNaH paJcaprANamayaH sadA / akAliyoM ne mulatAna para gherA DAlA tathA usa para vijaya sarvajJAnamayo varNa AtmAdi tattvasaMyutaH // prApta kI / phUlasiMha kA caritra akAliyoM ke parAkrama para bindutrayamayo varNaH zaktitrayamayaH sadA / prakAza DAlatA hai| phUlasiMha ne pahale pahala akAliyoM ke kizoravayasaH sarve gItavAdyAditatparAH / / netA ke rUpa meM prasiddhi prApta kI jaba usane lArDa meTakaoNpha zivasya yuvatI eSA svayaM kuNDalinI matA // ke| aMgarakSakoM para hamalA bola diyA thaa| phira vaha raNajItatantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma haiM : siMha kI sevA meM A gayA / phalasiMha ke netRtva meM akAliyoM aH kaNThako mahAsenaH kAlApUrNAmRtA hariH / ne san 1823 meM yUsuphajaiyoM (paThAnoM) para raNajItasiMha icchA bhadrA gaNezazca ratividyAmukhI sukham / / ko vijaya dilavAyI / isa yuddha meM phUlasiMha ko vIragati

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akrUraghATa akSara prApta huii| usakA smAraka nauzerA meM banA huA hai, jo hindU evaM musalamAna tIrthayAtriyoM ke lie samAna zraddhA kA sthAna hai / akAliyoM kA mukhya kAryAlaya amRtasara meM 'akAla buMgA' hai jo sikkhoM ke kaI pUjya siMhAsanoM meM se eka hai / akAlI loga dhArmika kRtyoM kA nirdeza vahIM se grahaNa karate hai| ye apane ko khAlasoM kA netA samajhate haiN| raNajItasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM inakA mukhya kAryAlaya Anandapura ho gayA thA, kintu aba inakA prabhAva bahuta kama par3a gayA hai / akAlI saMgha ke sadasya brahmacarya kA pAlana karate haiM / unakA koI niyamita mukhiyA yA viSya nahIM hotA, kintu phira bhI ve apane guru kI AjJA kA pAlana karate haiN| guru kI jUThana bele (ziva) prasAda rUpa meM khAte haiN| ve dUsare sikkhoM kI taraha mAMsa evaM madirA kA sevana nahIM karate, kintu bhA~ga kA sevana adhika mAtrA meM karate haiM / de0 sikkha / akrUraghATa - vRndAvana se mathurA jAte samaya zrI kRSNa ne akrUra ko yamunAjala meM divya darzana karAyA thaa| isIlie isakA mahattva hai / isako 'brahmada' bhI kahate haiM / yaha mathurA-vRndAvana ke bIca kachAra meM sthita hai / samIpa meM gopInAthajI kA mandira hai| vaizAkha zukla navamI ko yahA~ melA hotA hai| akSamAlA (1) a (rudrAkSa Adi) kI mAlA, sumiranI yA japamAlA / isako akSasUtra bhI kahate haiM / ( 2 ) vasiSTha kI patnI kA eka nAma bhI akSamAlA hai / manu ne kahA hai -- 'akSamAlA vasiSThena saMyuktAdhamayonijA / ' [ nIca yoni meM utpanna akSamAlA kA vasiSTha ke sAtha vivAha ho gayA / ] akSayacaturthI maMgala ke dina par3ane vAlI caturthI, jo vizeSa puNyadAyinI hotI hai| isa dina upavAsa karane se akSaya puNya kI prApti hotI hai / akSayaphalAvAsi (akSayatRtIyA ) - vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ko viSNupUjA akSaya phala prApti ke lie kI jAtI hai / yadi kRttikA nakSatra isa tithi ko ho taba yaha pUjA vizeSa puNyapradAyinI hotI hai / de0 nirNayasindhu, pR0 92-94 / viSNumandiroM meM isa parva para vizeSa samAroha hotA hai, jisameM sarvAMga candana kI arcanA aura sattU kA bhoga lagAyA jAtA hai / akSayanavamIkArtika zukla navamI isa dina bhagavAn viSNu ne kUSmANDa nAmaka daitya kA vadha kiyA thaa| de0 vratarAja, 34 / akSayavaTa - prayAga meM gaGgA-yamunA saMgama ke pAsa kile ke bhItara akSayavaTa hai / yaha sanAtana vizvavRkSa mAnA jAtA hai / asaMkhya yAtrI isakI pUjA karane jAte haiM / kAzI aura gayA meM bhI akSayavaTa haiM jinakI pUjA-parikramA kI jAtI hai| akSayavaTa ko jaina bhI pavitra mAnate haiN| unakI paramparA ke anusAra isake nIce RSabhadevajI ne tapa kiyA thA / akSara - (1) jo sarvatra vyApta ho| yaha ziva tathA viSNu kA paryAya hai 'avyayaH puruSaH sAkSI kSetrazo'kSara evaM ca' (mahAbhArata) aja ( janmarahita ) jIva ko bhI akSara kahate haiM / (2) jo kSINa nahIM ho 'yenAkSaraM puruSaM puruSaM veda satyam provAca taM tattvato brahmavidyAm / ' ( vedAntasAra meM uddhRta upaniSad) [ jisase satya aura avinAzI puruSa kA jJAna hotA hai usa brahmavidyA ko usane yathArtha rUpa se kahA / ] aura bhI kahA hai : dvAvimau puruSau loke kSaraH sarvANi bhUtAni kSarazcAkSara eva ca / kUTastho'kSara ucyate // (zrImadbhagavadgItA) [ saMsAra meM kSara aura akSara nAma ke do puruSa haiN| sabhI bhUtoM ko kSara kahate haiM / kUTastha ko akSara kahate haiM / ] brahmA se lekara sthAvara taka ke zarIra ko kSara kahA gayA hai / avivekI loga zarIra ko hI puruSa mAnate haiM / bhoktA ko cetana kahate haiM / use hI akSara puruSa kahate haiM / vaha sanAtana aura avikArI hai| (3) 'na kSarati iti akSara:' isa vyutpatti se vinAzarahita, vizeSarahita, praNava nAmaka brahma ko bhI akSara kahate haiM / kUTastha, nitya AtmA ko bhI akSara kahate haiM : arAdviruddhadharmatvAdakSaraM brahma bhaNyate / kAryakAraNarUpaM tu nazvaraM kSaramucyate // yatkiJcidvastu lokesmin vAco gocaratAM gatam / pramANasya ca tatsarvamakSare pratiSidhyate // yadapravodhAt kArpaNyaM brAhmaNyaM yatprabodhataH // tadakSara pravoddhavyaM yathoktezvaravartmanA //

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akSasUtra-agamyA [kSara ke virodhI dharma se yukta hone ke kAraNa akSara ko akhaNDa dvAdazI-(1) Azvina zukla ekAdazI ko yaha vrata brahma kahA gayA hai / kArya-kAraNa rUpa nazvara ko kSara kahate prArambha hotA hai| usa dina upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai aura haiM / isa vizva meM jo kucha bhI vastu vANI se vyavahRta dvAdazI ko viSNu-pUjA kI jAtI hai / eka varSa ke lie hotI hai aura jo prameya hai vaha saba kSara kahalAtI hai| tithivrata hotA hai| jisake ajJAna se kRpaNatA aura jisake jJAna se brAhmaNya hai, (2) mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI ko bhI akhaNDa dvAdazI use akSara jAnanA caahie|] kahate haiM / yaha yajJoM, upavAsoM aura vratoM meM vaikalya dUra (4) akAra se lekara kSakAra paryanta 51 varNa hote haiM, karatI hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakANDa, pR0 1117-1124 / aisA medinIkoza meM kahA gayA hai| ukta varNa nimnAMkita haiM : agamyA-samAgama ke ayogya strI / gamyA aura agamyA kA svara vivaraNa yama ne isa prakAra kiyA hai : a A i I u U R R la e ai o yA agamyA nRNAmeva nibodha kathayAmi te / au aM aH / (15) svastrI gamyA ca sarveSAmiti vede nirUpitA / / vyaJjana agamyA ca tadanyA yA iti vedavido viduH / ka varga se lekara pa varga paryanta / (25) sAmAnyaM kathitaM sarvaM vizeSaM zRNu sundari / / antaHstha, USma tathA saMyukta--- agamyAzcaiva yA yAzca nibodha kathayAmi tAH / ya ra la va za Sa sa ha kSa tra jJa / (11) zUdrANAM viprapatnI ca viprANAM zadrakAminI / / SANmAsike tu samprApte bhrAntiH saMjAyate yataH / astyagamyA ca nindyA ca loke vede ptivrte| dhAtrAkSarANi sRSTAni patrArUDhAnyataH purA // zUdrazca brAhmaNI gacched brahmahatyAzataM labhet / / (bRhaspati) tatsamaM brAhmaNI cApi kumbhIpAkaM vrajed dhruvam / [kisI ghaTanA ke chaH mAsa bIta jAne para bhrama utpanna yadi zUdrAM vrajed vipro vRSalIpatireva saH / / ho jAtA hai, isIlie brahmA ne akSaroM ko banAkara patroM meM sa bhraSTo viprajAtezca cANDAlAta so'dhamaH smRtaH / nibaddha kara diyA hai| ] viSThAsamazca tatpiNDo mUtraM tasya ca tarpaNam / / lipi pA~ca prakAra kI hai : tat pitRNAM surANAJca pUjane tatsamaM sati / mudrAlipiH zilpalipilipirlekhanIsambhavA / koTijanmAjitaM puNyaM sandhyayA tapasAjitam / / guNDikA ghUrNasambhUtA lipayaH paJcadhA smRtAH / / dvijasya vRSalIbhogAnnazyatyeva na saMzayaH / [ mudrAlipi, zilpaliMpi, lekhanIsambhava lipi, guNDi brAhmaNazca surApIto viDbhojI vRSalIpatiH / / kAlipi, ghUrNasambhUta lipi, ye pA~ca prakAra kI lipiyA~ harivAsarabhojI ca kumbhIpAka vajed dhruvam / kahI gayI haiN| ] (vArAhItantra) de0 'varNa' / gurupatnI rAjapatnI sapatnImAtaraM prasum / / akSasUtra-tAntrika bhASA meM 'a' se lekara 'kSa' paryanta varNa sutAM putravadhUM zvadhU sagarbhA bhaginIM sati / mAlA ko akSasUtra kahA gayA hai / yathA gautamIya tantra meM : sodarabhrAtRjAyAzca bhaginIM bhrAtRkanyakAm / / paJcAzallipibhirmAlA vihitA japakarmasu / ziSyAJca ziSyapatnIJca bhAgineyasya kAminIm / akArAdikSakArAntA akSamAlA prakIrtitA / / bhrAtRputrapriyAzcaivAtyagamyAmAha padmajaH / / kSaNa merumukhaM tatra kalpayenmunisattama / etAsvakAmanekAM vA yo vrajenmAnavAdhamaH / anayA sarvamantrANAM japaH sarvasamRddhidaH / / sa mAtRgAmI vedeSu brahmahatyAzataM labhet // [ munizreSTha ! japa karma meM pacAsa lipiyoM (akSaroM) dvArA akarmA)'pi so'spRzyo loke vede'tininditaH / mAlA banAyI jAtI hai / akAra se lekara kSakAra taka ko sa yAti kumbhIpAkaM ca mahApApI suduSkaram / / akSamAlA kahA gayA hai / akSamAlA meM 'kSa' ko merumukha (brahma pu0, prakRtikhaNDa, a0 27) banAnA caahie| isa mAlA se saba prakAra kI samaddhiyA~ [ puruSoM ke lie agamyA strI ke sambandha meM maiM kahatA prApta hotI hai / de0 'mAlA' aura 'vrnnmaalaa'| hU~, suno| sabake lie apanI strI gamyA hai, aisA veda

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agamyA-agasti meM kahA hai| dUsare kI bhAryA agamyA hai aisA vedajJoM ne kahA hai / he sundarI ! sAmAnya niyama kaha diyA hai, aba vizeSa niyama suno| jo jo striyA~ samAgama ke yogya nahIM haiM unake viSaya meM kahatA hU~ / suno-pativrate ! zUdroM kA brAhmaNapatnI ke sAtha aura brAhmaNa kA zUdra strI ke sAtha saMgama vajita hai| aisA karane vAlA loka aura veda meM nindya kahA gayA hai| brAhmaNI ke sAtha samAgama karanevAlA zUdra sau brahmahatyAoM kA phala pAtA hai| zUdra ke sAtha samAgama karane vAlI brAhmaNI zIghra kumbhIpAka naraka ko / jAtI hai| zUdrA ke sAtha saMbhoga karane vAlA brAhmaNa zUdrApati kahalAtA hai| vaha jAtibhraSTa ho jAtA hai| use cANDAla se bhI adhama kahate haiN| usake dvArA kiyA gayA piNDadAna viSThA ke samAna aura tarpaNa matra ke sadaza hotA hai| pitaroM aura devatAoM ke pUjana meM bhI yahI hotA hai| sandhyA, pUjA aura tapa dvArA karor3oM janmoM meM saJcita brAhmaNa kA puNya zUdrA strI ke sAtha sambhoga karane se naSTa ho jAtA hai isameM saMzaya nahIM hai| madirA pIne vAlA, vezyAgAmI ke gRha meM bhojana karane vAlA, zUdrA kA pati tathA ekAdazI ke dina bhojana karane vAlA brAhmaNa nizcita hI kumbhIpAka naraka prApta karatA hai| guru-strI, rAjA kI strI, sautelI mAtA tathA usakI kanyA, putrI, putra kI strI, garbhavatI strI, sAsa, bahina, bhAI kI patnI, ziSyA, bhatIjI, ziSya kI patnI, bhAMjI, bhatIje kI strI, inheM brahmA ne sarvathA samAgama ke ayogya kahA hai / jo adhama puruSa inameM se kisI eka athavA aneka ke sAtha samAgama karatA hai vaha mAtRgAmI kahA gayA hai aura use sau brahmahatyAoM kA pApa hotA hai / vaha kisI prakAra dharmakArya nahIM kara sakatA / vaha aspRzya hai aura loka-veda meM nindita mAnA gayA hai / vaha kumbhIpAka naraka ko jAtA hai aura mahApApI hai|] agasti (agastya)-kucha vaidika RcAoM ke draSTA RSi (Rgveda 1.165. 191) / Rgveda meM kahIM-kahIM inakA ullekha hai, vizeSa kara inake Azcaryajanaka prAdurbhAva evaM patnI lopAmudrA ke sambandha ke bAre meM carcA hai| ye dakSiNa bhArata ke saMrakSaka RSi the, jahA~ Aja bhI inase sambandhita aneka pavitra sthAna haiM / prayAga ke samIpa yamunA-taTa para inakI kuTI kA smRti-avazeSa hai / inakI utpatti mitra evaM varuNa ke dvArA kumbha (kalaza) se mAnI jAtI hai| do pitAoM ke kAraNa inheM 'maitrAvaruNi' kahate haiM evaM kalaza se utpanna hone ke kAraNa ye 'kumbhasambhava' tathA 'ghaTayoni' kahalAte haiM / agastya kA eka vaidika nAma 'mAnya' bhI hai kyoMki kumbha se janma lene ke bAda ve 'mAna' se 'mita' (mApe gaye) hue the| saMnyAsI ke rUpa meM vRddhAvasthA meM apanI aura pitaroM kI naraka se rakSA karane ke lie agastya ko eka putra utpanna karane kI kAmanA huI / ataeva unhoMne tapobala se eka strI lopAmudrA kI sRSTi sabhI jIvoM ke sarvottama bhAgoM se kI tathA use vidarbha ke rAjA ko kanyA ke rUpa meM sauMpa diyaa| alaukika saundarya hote hae bhI rAjA ke bhaya se kisI kA sAhasa usakA pANigrahaNa karane kA nahIM haA / anta meM agastya ne usa kanyA ke sAtha vivAha karane kA prastAva rAjA se kiyA, muni ke krodha ke bhaya se rAjA ne use mAna liyA / lopAmudrA agastya muni kI patnI bnii| gaGgAdvAra meM tapasyA karane ke uparAnta jaba agastya ne apanI patnI kA AliMgana karanA cAhA to usane taba taka asvIkAra kiyA jaba taka use usake pitA ke ghara ke samAna ratnAbhUSaNoM se na vibhUSita kiyA jAya / lopAmudrA kI isa icchApUrti ke lie agastya kaI rAjAoM ke pAsa dhana ke lie gaye, kintu unake koSoM meM Aya-vyaya samAna thA aura ve sahAyatA na de ske| taba ve maNimatI ke dAnava rAjA ilvala ke yahA~ gaye, jo apane dhana ke lie prasiddha thaa| ilvala brAhmaNoM kA zatru thaa| usakA vAtApI nAmaka bhAI thaa| kisI brAhmaNa ke Agamana para ilvala apane bhAI vAtApI ko mArakara usakA mAMsa brAhmaNa ko khilAtA thaa| jaba brAhmaNa bhojana kara cukatA to vaha jAdU kI zakti se vAtApI ko pukAratA jo brAhmaNa kA peTa phAr3akara nikala AtA / isa prakAra apane zatru brAhmaNoM kA vaha nAza kiyA karatA thA / dAnava ne apanA prayoga agastya para bhI kiyA kintu usakI jAdUzakti vAtApI ko jIvita na kara sakI / agastya usako pahale hI pacA cuke the| ilvala ne krodhita hone ke kAraNa agastya ko dhana dene se inakAra kiyaa| RSi ne apane netroM se agni utpanna kara usako bhasma kara diyaa| antatogatvA RSi ko lopAmadrA se eka putraratna utpanna huA jisakA nAma 'dRdhasyu idhmavAha' par3A / de0 'ilvl'| agastya kA dUsarA prasiddha kArya nahaSa ko abhizapta kara

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agastyadarzana-pUjana-agni sarpa banAnA thA / nahuSa indra kA pada prApta karake zacI ko grahaNa karanA cAhatA thaa| zacI kI zarta pUrI karane ke lie vaha sAta RSiyoM dvArA DhoyI jAne vAlI pAlakI para baiTha zacI ke pAsa jA rahA thA / usane rAste meM agastya ke sira para paira rakha diyA aura zIghratA se calane ke lie 'sarpa-sarpa' kahA / isa para RSiyoM ne use 'sarpa' ho jAne kA usa samaya taka ke lie zApa diyA, jaba taka yudhiSThira usakA uddhAra na kreN| mahAbhArata kA nahuSopA- khyAna isI purAkathA ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai| saMskRta granthoM meM agastya kA nAma vindhya parvata-mAlA kI asAmAnya vRddhi ko rokane evaM mahAsAgara ko pI jAne ke sambandha meM liyA jAtA hai| ye dakSiNAvarta meM Arya saMskRti ke prathama pracAraka the / zarIra-tyAga ke bAda agastya ko AkAza ke dakSiNI bhAga meM eka atyanta prakAzamAna tAre ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA gayA / isa nakSatra kA udaya sUrya ke hasta nakSatra meM Ane para hotA hai, jaba varSA Rtu samApti para hotI hai / isa prakAra agastya prakRti ke usa rUpa kA pratinidhitva karate hai jo mAnasUna kA anta karatA hai evaM vizvAsa kI bhASA meM mahAsAgara kA jala pItA hai (jo phira se usa camakIle sUrya ko lAtA hai, jo varSA kAla meM bAdaloM se chipa jAtA hai aura paurANika bhASA meM vindhya ko asAmAnya vRddhi ko rokakara sUrya ko mArga pradAna karatA hai)| dakSiNa bhArata meM agastya kA sammAna vijJAna evaM sAhitya ke sarvaprathama upadezaka ke rUpa meM hotA hai| ve / aneka prasiddha tamila granthoM ke racayitA kahe jAte haiN| prathama tamila vyAkaraNa kI racanA agastya ne hI kI thii| vahA~ unheM aba bhI jIvita mAnA jAtA hai jo sAdhAraNa A~khoM se nahIM dIkhate tathA trAvanakora kI sundara agastya pahAr3I para vAsa karate mAne jAte hai, jahA~ se tinnevelI kI pavitra poruneI athavA tAmraparNI nadI kA udbhava hotA hai| hemacandra ke anusAra unake paryAya hai (1) kumbhasambhava, (2) mitrAvaruNi, (3) agasti, (4) pItAbdhi, (5) vAtApidvi T, (6) Agneya, (7) aurvazeya, (8) AgnimArute, (9) ghttodbhv| agastyadarzana-pUjana-sUrya jaba rAzi-cakra ke madhya meM avasthita hotA hai usa samaya agastya. tAre ko dekhane ke pazcAt rAtri meM usakA pUjana hotA hai| (nIlamata pu0, zloka 934 se 939 / ) agastyAyadAna-isa vrata meM agastya ko arghya pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| de0 matsya pu0, a0 61; agastyotpatti ke lie de0 ga0 pu0, bhAga 1; 119, 1-6 / bhinna-bhinna pradezoM meM agastya tArA bhinna-bhinna kAloM meM udaya hotA hai| sUrya ke kanyA rAzi meM praveza karane se tIna dina aura bIsa ghaTI pUrva ardhya pradAna kiyA jAnA cAhie / de0 bhoja kA rAjamArtaNDa / agnAyI-agni kI patnI kA eka nAma, parantu yaha prasiddha nahIM hai| agni--(1) hinda devamaNDala kA prAcInatama sadasya, vaidika saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNa granthoM meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / agni ke tIna sthAna aura tIna mukhya rUpa hai(1) vyoma meM sUrya, (2) antarikSa (madhyAkAza) meM vidyut aura (3) pRthvI para sAdhAraNa agni / Rgveda meM sabase adhika sUkta agni kI stuti meM hI arpita kiye gaye haiM / agni ke Adima rUpa saMsAra ke prAyaH sabhI dharmoM meM pAye jAte haiM / vaha 'gRhapati' hai aura parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM se usakA snehapUrNa dhaniSTha sambandha hai (R0, 2. 1. 9; 7. 15. 12; 1. 1. 9; 4. 1. 9; 3. 1. 7) / vaha andhakAra, nizAcara, jAdU-TonA, rAkSasa aura rogoM ko dUra karane vAlA hai (R0, 3. 5.1; 1. 94. 5, 8. 43. 32; 10. 88.2) / agni kA yajJIya svarUpa mAnava sabhyatA ke vikAsa kA lambA caraNa hai| pAcana aura zakti-nirmANa kI kalpanA isameM nihita hai| yajJIya agni vedikA meM nivAsa karatA hai (R0 1.140. 1) / vaha samidhA, ghRta aura soma se zaktimAna hotA hai (R0 3. 5.10; 1. 94. 14); vaha mAnavoM aura devoM ke bIca madhyastha aura sandezavAhaka hai (R0 01. 26.9; 1.94. 3; 1. 59.3; 1. 59.1; 7. 2. 1; 1. 58. 1; 7. 2. 5; 1. 27. 4; 3. 1. 17; 10.2.1; 1. 12. 4 Adi) / agni kI divya utpatti kA varNana bhI vedoM meM vistAra se pAyA jAtA hai (R0 3. 9.5, 6. 8. 4) / agni divya purohita hai (R0 2. 1. 2; 1. 1. 1; 1. 94. 6) / vaha devatAoM kA paurohitya karatA hai| vaha yajJoM kA rAjA hai (rAjA tvamadhvarANAm; R0 ve0 3.1. 18; 7. 11.4, 2.8. 3; 8. 43. 24 aadi)| naitika tattvoM se bhI agni kA abhinna sambandha hai|

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agni agni sarvadarzI hai / usakI 100 athavA 1000 A~kheM haiM prAyazcitte vidhuzcaiva pAkayajJe tu sAhasaH / jinase vaha manuSya ke sabhI karmoM ko dekhatA hai (R0 lakSahome tu vahniH syAt koTihome hutAzanaH / / 10. 79. 5) / usake guptacara haiN| vaha manuSya ke gupta pUrNAhutyAM mRDo nAma zAntike vrdstthaa| jIvana ko bhI jAnatA hai| vaha Rta kA saMrakSaka hai (R0 pauSTike baladazcaiva krodhAgnizcAbhicArike / / 10. 8. 5) / agni pApoM ko dekhatA aura pApiyoM vazyarthe zamano nAma varadAne'bhidUSakaH / ko daNDa detA hai (R0 4. 3. 5-8; 4. 5. 4-5) / koSThe tu jaTharo nAma kravyAdo mRtabhakSaNe / / vaha pApa ko kSamA bhI karatA hai (R0 7. 93.7) / (gobhilaputrakRta saMgraha) agni kI tulanA bRhaspati aura brahmaNaspati se bhI kI garbhAdhAna meM agni ko 'mAruta' kahate haiN| puMsavana meM gayI hai / vaha mantra, dhI (buddhi) aura brahma kA utpAdaka hai| 'candramA', zaGgAkarma meM 'zobhana', sImanta meM 'maGgala', jAtaisa prakAra kA abheda sUkSmatama tattva se darzAyA gayA hai| karma meM 'pragalbha', nAmakaraNa meM 'pArthiva', annaprAzana meM vaidika sAhitya meM agni ke jisa rUpa kA varNana hai usase 'zaci', caDAkarma meM 'satya', vratabandha (upanayana) meM vizva ke vaijJAnika aura dArzanika tattvoM para kAphI prakAza 'samaddhava', godAna meM 'sUrya', kezAnta (samAvartana) meM par3atA hai| 'agni', visarga (arthAt agnihotrAdikriyAkalApa) meM jaimini ne mImAMsAsUtra ke 'haviHprakSepaNAdhikaraNa' meM 'vaizvAnara', vivAha meM 'yojaka', caturthI meM 'zikhI', dhRti meM agni ke chaH prakAra batAye haiM : (1) gArhapatya, (2) Aha- 'agni', prAyazcitta (arthAt prAyazcittAtmaka mahAvyAhRtivanIya, (3) dakSiNAgni, (4) sabhya, (5) Avasathya aura homa) meM 'vidhu', pAkayajJa (arthAt pAkAGga homa, vRSotsarga, aupAsana / gRhapratiSThA Adi meM) 'sAhasa', lakSahoma meM 'vahni', koTi'agni' zabda kA vyutpattyartha isa prakAra hai : jo 'Upara homa meM 'hutAzana', pUrNAhuti meM 'mRDa', zAnti meM 'varada', kI ora jAtA hai' (agi gatau, aMgernalopazca, aMg + ni pauSTika meM 'balada', AbhicArika meM 'krodhAgni', vazIkaraNa aura nakAra kA lop)| meM 'zamana', varadAna meM 'abhidUSaka', koSTha meM 'jaThara' aura ___ agni kI utpatti ke sambandha meM paurANika gAthA isa mRta-bhakSaNa meM 'kravyAda' kahA gayA hai|] prakAra hai-sarvaprathama dharma kI vasu nAmaka patnI se agni agni ke rUpa kA varNana isa prakAra hai : utpanna huaa| usakI patnI svAhA se usake tIna putra piGgabhrUzmazrukezAkSaH pInAGgajaTharo'ruNaH / hue-(1) pAvaka, (2) pavamAna aura (3) zuci / chaThe chAgasthaH sAkSasUtro'gniH saptAciH zaktidhArakaH / / manvantara meM agni kI vasudhArA nAmaka patnI se draviNaka (AdityapurANa) Adi putra hue, jinameM 45 agni-saMtAna utpanna hue| isa [bhauMha, dAr3hI, keza aura A~kheM pIlI hai, aGga sthUla hai prakAra saba milakara 49 agni haiM / vibhinna karmoM meM agni aura udara lAla hai| bakare para ArUDha hai, akSamAlA ke bhinna-bhinna nAma haiM / laukika karma meM agni kA prathama liye hai| isakI sAta jvAlAe~ hai aura zakti ko dhAraNa nAma 'pAvaka' hai| gRhapraveza Adi meM nimnAMkita anya nAma ___karatA hai / ] prasiddha hai : homa yogya agni ke zubha lakSaNa nimnAMkita haiM : agnestu mAruto nAma garbhAdhAne vidhIyate / aciSmAn piNDitazikhaH sapiHkAJcanasannibhaH / puMsavane candranAmA zaGgAkarmaNi zobhanaH // snigdhaH pradakSiNazcaiva vahniH syAt kAryasiddhaye // sImante maGgalo nAma pragalbho jAtakarmaNi / (vAyupurANa) nAmni syAtpArthivo hyagniH prAzane ca zucistathA / / [jvAlAyukta, piNDitazikha, ghI evaM suvarNa ke samAna, satyanAmAtha cuDAyAM vratAdeze samudbhavaH / cikanA aura dAhinI ora gatizIla agni siddhidAyaka godAne sUryanAmA ca kezAnte hyagnirucyate / / hotA hai / ] vaizvAnaro visarge tu vivAha yojakaH smRtaH / dehajanya agni meM zabda-utpAdana kI zakti hotI hai, caturthyAntu zikhI nAma dhatiragnistathA pare / / jaisA ki 'saGgItadarpaNa' meM kahA hai :

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agnitIrtha-agnipurANa AtmanA preritaM cittaM vahnimAhanti dehajam / pakSiyoM ke bhojyArtha pheMka diyA jAtA thA tathA dUsare ke lie brahmagranthisthitaM prANaM sa prerayati pAvakaH // usakA kathana hai ki vRddha vyakti asahAya hone para vaise hI pAvakapreritaH so'tha kramAdUrdhvapathe caran / chor3a diye jAte the| kintu dUsare ke lie hviTane kA mata atisUkSmadhvani nAbhau hRdi sUkSmaM gale punaH // hai ki mRtaka ko kisI prakAra ke cabUtare para chor3a diyA puSTaM zIrSe tvapuSTaJca kRtrimaM badane tathA / jAtA thaa| AvirbhAvayatItyevaM paJcadhA kIrtyate budhaH / / __ Rgveda-kAla meM zava ko bhUgarbha meM gAr3ane kI bhI prathA nakAraM prANanAmAnaM dakAramanalaM viduH / thI / eka pUre mantra meM isakI vidhi kA varNana hai| agni jAtaH prANAgnisaMyogAttena nAdo'bhidhIyate / / dAha kA bhI samAna rUpa se pracAra thaa| yaha praNAlI dinoM[AtmA ke dvArA prerita citta deha meM utpanna agni ko dina bar3hatI hI gyii| chAndogya upaniSad meM mRtaka ke Ahata karatA hai / brahmagranthi meM sthita prANavAyu ko vaha zarIra kI sajAvaTa ke upAdAna AmikSA (dahI), vastra evaM agni prerita karatA hai| agni ke dvArA prerita vaha prANa AbhUSaNa ko, jo pUrvavartI kAla meM svarga prApti ke sAdhana krama se Upara calatA huA nAbhi meM atyanta sUkSma dhvani samajhe jAte the, vyartha batalAyA gayA hai / vAjasaneyI saMhitA karatA hai tathA gale aura hRdaya meM bhI sUkSma dhvani karatA meM dAha kriyA ke mantroM meM kevala agnidAha ko pradhAnatA dI hai| sira meM puSTa aura apuSTa tathA mukha meM kRtrima gayI hai evaM zava kI rAkha ko zmazAna bhUmi meM gAr3ane ko prakAza karatA hai / vidvAnoM ne pA~ca prakAra kA agni kahA gayA hai / Rgveda meM mRtaka zarIra para ghI lepane evaM batAyA hai / nakAra prANa kA nAma hai, dakAra agni kA nAma mRtaka ke sAtha eka chAga (bakare) ko jalAne kA varNana hai, hai / prANa aura agni ke saMyoga se nAda kI utpatti jo dUsare loka kA pathapradarzaka samajhA jAtA thA / atharvahotI hai|] veda meM eka bojha Dhone vAle baila ke jalAne kA varNana hai, jo saba devatAoM meM isakA prathama ArAdhyatva Rgveda ke / dUsare loka meM savArI ke kAma A ske| yaha AzA kI sarvaprathama mantra "agnimIle purohitam" se prakaTa jAtI thI ki mRtaka apane sampUrNa zarIra, sabhI aGgoM se hotA hai| yukta (sarvatanusaGga) punarjanma grahaNa karegA, yadyapi yaha bhI (2) yogAgni athavA jJAnAgni ke rUpa meM bhI 'agni' kahA gayA hai ki A~kha sUrya meM, zvAsa pavana meM cale jAte kA prayoga hotA hai / gItA meM kathana hai : haiM / gAr3ane yA jalAne ke pUrva zava ko nahalAyA jAtA thA 'jJAnAgniH sarvakarmANi bhasmasAtkurute tathA / ' tathA paira meM kUDI bA~dha dI jAtI thI tAki mRtaka phira 'jJAnAgnidagdhakarmANaM tamAhuH paNDitaM budhAH // ' lauTakara pRthvI para na A jAya / agnitIrtha-zrI badarInAtha mandira ke siMhadvAra se 4-5 agnipurANa--viSNupurANa meM purANoM kI jo sUcI pAyI sIr3hI utarakara zaGkarAcArya mandira hai| isameM liGgamati jAtI hai usameM agnipurANa AThavA~ hai / agni kI mahimA hai| usase 3-4 sIr3hI nIce Adi kedAra kA mandira hai| kA isameM vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai, aura agni hI isake kedAranAtha se nIce taptakuNDa hai| use 'agnitIrtha' kahA vaktA haiM / ataH isakA nAma agnipurANa pdd'aa| isameM saba jAtA hai| milAkara 383 adhyAya haiN| aThAraha vidyAoM kA isameM agnidagdha-agni se jalA huaa| yaha saMjJA unakI hai jo saMkSepa rUpa se varNana hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, harivaMza mRtaka citA para jalAye jAte haiN| sAdhAraNataH zava kI Adi granthoM kA sAra isameM saMgRhIta hai| isameM vedAGga visarjana kriyA meM mRtakoM ke do prakAra the, pahalA agnidagdha, (zikSA, kalpa, nirukta, vyAkaraNa, chanda aura jyotiSa) dUsarA anagnidagdha (jo agni meM na jalAyA gayA ho)| tathA upavedoM (arthazAstra, dhanurveda, gAndharvaveda tathA Ayuatharvaveda do aura prakAra prastuta karatA hai, yathA (1) paropta rveda) kA varNana bhI pAyA jAtA hai| darzanoM ke viSaya bhI (pheMkA huA) tathA (2) uddhRta (laTakAyA huaa)| inakA isameM vivecita hue haiN| kAvyazAstra kA bhI samAveza hai| ThIka artha bodhagamya nahIM hai| jimara prathama kA artha usa kaumAra-vyAkaraNa, ekAkSara koza tathA nAmaliGgAnuzAsana IrAnI praNAlI ke sadRza batalAtA hai, jisameM zava ko pazu- bhI isameM samAviSTa hai / purANa ke paJcalakSaNoM (sarga, prati

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agnivezyAyana-agniSToma sarga. vaMza. manvantara tathA vaMzAnucarita) ke atirikta aura (4) hotaa| udgAtagaNa meM (1) udgAtA, (2) isameM vividha sAMskRtika viSayoM kA bhI varNana hai / ataH prastotA, (3) pratihartA aura (4) subrahmaNya / yaha yajJa pA~ca yaha purANa eka prakAra kA vizvakoza bana gayA hai| anya dinoM meM samApta hotA thA / purANoM meM isakI zlokasaMkhyA pandraha sahasra batAyI gayI prathama dina dIkSA, usake dIkSaNIya Adi aGgoM kA hai aura vAstava meM hai bhI pandraha sahasra se kucha adhika / anuSThAna; dUsare dina prAyaNIya yAga aura somalatA kA kraya isa purANa kA dAvA hai : 'Agneye hi purANe'smin sarvA tIsare evaM cauthe dinoM meM prAtaH kAla aura sAyaM kAla meM vidyAH pradarzitAH' arthAt ima agnipurANa meM samasta pravartha upasanna nAmaka yajJa kA anuSThAna aura cauthe dina vidyAe~ pradarzita haiN| meM pravargya udvAsana ke anantara agniSomIya pazuyajJa kA agnipurANa kA eka dUsarA nAma 'vahnipurANa' bhI hai| anuSThAna kiyA jAtA thaa| jisa yajamAna ke ghara meM pitA, DaoN0 hAjarA ko isakI eka prati milI thii| nibandha / pitAmaha aura prapitAmaha se kisI ne veda kA adhyayana granthoM meM agnipurANa ke nAma se jo vacana uddhRta kiye nahIM kiyA athavA agniSToma yAga bhI nahIM kiyA ho use gaye haiM ve prAyaH saba isameM pAye jAte haiM, jabaki 'agni- isa yajJa meM durbrAhmaNa kahA jAtA thaa| jisa yajamAna ke purANa' ke nAma se mudrita saMskaraNoM meM ve nahIM milte| pitA, pitAmaha athavA prapitAmaha meM se kisI ne somapAna isalie katipaya vidvAn 'vahnipurANa' ko hI mUla agni- nahIM kiyA ho to isa doSa ke parihArArtha aindrAgnya pazuyajJa purANa mAnate haiM / vahnipurANa nAmaka saMskaraNa meM ziva kI karanA cAhie / tInoM pazuoM ko eka sAtha mArane ke lie jitanI mahimA gAyI gayI hai utanI agnipurANa nAmaka eka hI stambha meM tInoM ko bA~dhanA caahie| saMskaraNa meM nhiiN| isa kAraNa bhI vahnipurANa prAcIna cauthe dina athavA tIsarI rAtri ke bhora meM tIsare pahara mAnA jAtA hai| uThakara prayoga kA Arambha karanA cAhie / vahA~ para pAtroM agnivazyAyana-eka AcArya, jinakA ullekha yajarveda kI ko phailAnA caahie| yajJa meM grahapAtra vitastimAtra ulakhala taittiroya zAkhA ke taittirIya prAtizAkhya meM milatA hai| ke AkAra kA honA caahie| UrdhvapAtra, camasa pAtra agnivrata-isa vrata meM phAlguna kRSNa caturthI ko upavAsa parimita mAtrA meM evaM tirache AkAra ke hone cAhie / ye karanA cAhie / isameM eka varSa taka vAsudeva-pUjA niyamita cAra koNayukta evaM pakar3ane ke lie daNDa yukta hone caahiye| rUpa se karane kA vidhAna hai / de0 viSNudharmottara, jilda 3, thAlI miTTI kI banI huI honI caahie| Arambha meM pR0 143 / somalatA ke DaMThaloM se rasa nikAla kara graha aura camasoM agnizAlA-yajJamaNDapa kA eka bhAga, jisakA artha atharva- ke dvArA homa karanA cAhie / sUryodaya ke pazcAt Agneya veda meM sAdhAraNa gRha kA eka bhAga, vizeSa kara madhya kA pazuyAga karanA caahie| isa prakAra sAmagAna karane ke bar3A kakSa kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ agnikuNDa hotA thaa| anantara prAtaHsavana kI samApti hotI hai| isake pazcAt agniSToma-eka viziSTa yajJa / svarga ke icchuka vyakti ko madhyAhna kA savana hotA hai, taba dakSiNA dI jAtI hai| agniSToma yajJa karanA cAhie / jyotiSToma yajJa kA dakSiNA meM eka sau bAraha gAyeM hotI haiN| phira tIsarA vistAra agniSToma hai| isakA samaya vasanta Rtu hai| savana hotA hai / isa prakAra prAtaH savana, madhyandina savana, nitya agnihotrakartA isa yajJa ke adhikArI haiN| isameM tRtIya (sAyaM) savana rUpa savanatrayAtmaka agniSToma nAmaka soma mukhya dravya aura indra, vAyu Adi devatA haiN| 16 pradhAna yAga karanA caahie| RtvijoM ke cAra gaNa hote haiM-(1) hotagaNa, (2) adhvaryu- dUsare yajJa isake aGga hai| tRtIya savana kI samApti gaNa, (3) brahmagaNa aura (4) udgAtRgaNa / pratyeka gaNa ke pazcAt avabhRtha nAmaka yAga hotA hai| jala meM varuNa meM cAra-cAra vyakti hote haiM : hotagaNa meM (1) hotA, (2) devatA ke lie puroDAza kA homa kiyA jAtA hai| isake prazAstA, (3) acchAvAk (4) grAvastotA / adhvaryugaNa meM pazcAt anubandhya nAmaka pazuyajJa kiyA jAtA hai| vahA~ (1) adhvaryu, (2) pratiprasthAtA, (3) neSTA, (4) unnetaa| gAya ko hI pazu mAnA jAtA hai| kintu kaliyuga meM gobrahmagaNa meM (1) brahmA, (2) brAhmaNAcchazI, (3) AgnIdhra bali kA niSedha hone ke kAraNa yajJa ke nAma se gAya ko

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10 chor3a diyA jAtA hai / isake anantara udayanIya aura udavasanIya (41) kArya kiye jAte haiM / inheM pA~caveM dina pUrI rAtri taka karanA caahie| inake samApta hone para agniSToma yAga kI bhI samApti ho jAtI hai| agnisvAmI ( bhASyakAra ) -- manu-racita 'mAnava zrautasUtra' para bhASya ke lekhaka mAnava zrautasUtra ke dUsare bhAgyakAra haiN| bAlakRSNa mizra evaM kumArila bhaTTa / agnihotra - eka dainika yajJa / yaha do prakAra kA hotA haieka mahIne kI avadhi taka karane yogya aura dUsarA jIvana paryanta sAdhya dUsare kI yaha vizeSatA hai ki agni meM jIvana paryanta pratidina prAtaH sAyaM havana karanA cAhie / yajJa karane vAle kA isI agni se dAha saMskAra bhI hotA hai / isakA krama smRti meM isa prakAra hai : vivAhita brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya, jo kAne, bahare, andhe evaM paGgu nahIM haiM, unheM varNakrama se vasanta, grISma aura zarada Rtu meM agni ko AdhAna karanA caahie| agni saMkhyA meM tIna haiM - (1) gArhapatya, (2) dakSiNAgni aura (3) AhavanIya, inakI sthApanA nizcita vedI para vibhinna mantroM dvArA ho jAne para sAyaM tathA prAtaH agnihotra karanA cAhie / agnihotra homa kA hI nAma hai / isameM dasa dravya hote haiM(1) dUdha, (2) dahI, (3) lapsI, (4) ghI, (5) bhAta, (6) cAvala, (7) somarasa, (8) mAMsa, (9) tela aura (10) urada kaliyuga meM dUdha, cAvala, lapsI ke dvArA eka Rtvija athavA yajamAna ke mAdhyama se pratidina homa kA vidhAna hai / amAvasa kI rAtri meM lapsI dvArA yajamAna ko homa karanA cAhie jisa dina agni kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai usI dina prathama homa prAtaH sAyaM Arambha karanA caahie| usa dina prAtaH so AhutiyoM ke homa kA devatA sUrya evaM sAyaM kAla agni hotA hai| agnyAdhAna ke pazcAt prathama amAvasyA ko darza aura pUrNamAsI ko paurNamAsa yAga kA Arambha karanA cAhie / isameM chaH prakAra ke yAga hote haiM pUrNamAsI ke dina tIna aura amAvasa ke dina tIna / pUrNamAsI ke (1) Agneya, (2) agniSomIya aura (3) upAMzu yAga haiN| amAvasa ke (1) Agneya, ( 2 ) aindra aura ( 3 ) dadhipaya yAga hote haiM / darza - pUrNamAsa yajJa bhI jIvanaparyanta karanA cAhie / isameM bhI yajJa ke pratibandhaka doSoM se rahita tIna varNoM ko sapatnIka hokara yajJa karane kA adhikAra hai / sAmAnyataH parva kI pratipadA ko yajJa kA Arambha karanA cAhie / agnisvAmI amvAdhAna jisa yajamAna ne somayAga nahIM kiyA ho use pUrNamAsI ke dina agnikoNa meM puroDAza yAga aura aindra yAga karanA cAhie jo yajamAna somayAga kara cukA hai use pUrNamAsI ke dina agnikoNa meM ghRtaupAMzu yAga aura agniSomIya puroDAza yAga karanA caahie| amAvasyA ke dina Agneya puroDAza yAga, aindra-payo-yAga, aindra-dadhi-yAga ye tIna yAga karane caahie| isameM cAra Rtvija hote haiM : (1) adhvaryu, (2) brahmA (3) hotA aura (4) AnI / yajurveda-karma karane vAlA 'adhvaryu', Rk, yaju sAma ina tInoM kA karma karanevAlA 'brahmA' aura Rgveda ke karma karanevAlA 'hotA' hai / AgnIdhra prAyaH adhvaryu kA hI anuyAyI hotA hai, usI kI preraNA se kArya karatA hai / puroDAza cAvala apanA yaya kA banAnA caahie| agnihotra ke samAna yahA~ bhI jisa dravya se yajJa kA Arambha kare usI dravya se jIvanaparyanta karate rahanA cAhie / agnihotrI - - ( 1 ) niyamita rUpa se agnihotra karanevAlA | brAhmaNoM kI eka zAkhA kI upAdhi bhI agnihotrI hai| (2) kAtyAyana sUtra ke eka bhASyakAra, jinakA pUrA nAma agnihotrI mizra hai| agnyAdhAna - ( agni ke lie AdhAna ) / vedavihita agnisaMskAra, agnirakSaNa, agnihotra Adi isake paryAya haiM / prAcIna bhArata meM jaba devatAoM kI pUjA pratyeka gRhastha agnisthAna meM karatA thA taba yaha usakA pavitra karttavya hotA thA ki vedI para pavitra agni kI sthApanA kreN| yaha karma 'agnyAdhAna' arthAt pavitra agnisthApanA ke dina se prArambha hotA thA / agnyAdhAna karane vAlA gRhastha cAra purohita cunatA thA tathA gArhapatya evaM AhavanIya agni ke lie vaidikAe banavAtA thA / gArhapatya agni ke lie vRtta evaM AhavanIya ke lie varga cihnita kiyA jAtA thA / dakSiNAgni ke lie arddhavRtta khIMcA jAtA thA, yadi usakI AvazyakatA huI taba adhvaryu gharSaNa dvArA yA gA~va se tAtkAlika agni prApta karatA thaa| phira paJca bhUsaMskAroM se pavitra sthAna para gArhapatya agni rakhatA thA tathA sAyaMkAla 'araNI' nAmaka lakar3I ke do Tukar3e yaza karanevAle gRhastha evaM usakI strI ko detA thA, jisake gharSaNa se AgAmI prAtaH vaM AhvanIya agni utpanna karate the|

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agocarI-aghoraghaNTa agocarI--haThayoga kI eka madrA / 'gorakhabAnI' kI aSTa dakSahaste ca tanmantrI pAparUpaM vicintya ca / mudrAoM meM isakI gaNanA hai : parato bajrapASANe niHkSiped astramuccaran / / karaNa madhye agocarI mudrA sabada kumabada le utapanI / (tantrasAra) sabada kusabada mamA kRtavA mudrA tau bhaI agocarI / / | chaH aGganyAma karake bAyeM hAtha meM jala lekara dakSiNa isa mudrA kA adhiSThAna kAna mAnA jAtA hai / isake hAtha se sampaTa kare / ziva, vAyu, jala, pRthvI aura agnidvArA bAharI zabdoM se kAna ko haTAkara antaHkaraNa ke bIjoM ke dvArA tIna bAra phira se abhimantrita karake aura zabdoM kI ora lagAne kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| vAstava sAta vAra tattva mudrA se mUlamantra dvArA abhimantrita karake meM gocara (indriya-viSaya) se pratyAhAra karake AtmaniSTa usa jala ko sira para chor3e aura zeSa jala ko dakSiNa hAtha hone kA nAma hI agocarI mudrA hai| meM rakhakara iDA nAr3I ke dvArA saMcita pApa ko zarIra ke agradAsa svAmI-rAmopAsaka vaiSNava santa kavi / nAbhAjI bhItara dhokara kAle varNa vAle usa jala ko dakSiNa nAr3I (nArAyaNadAsa), jo rAmAnandI vaiSNava the, agradAsa ke hI se virecana kare / dakSiNa hAtha meM usa pAparUpa jala ko ziSya the evaM inhIM ke kahane se nAbhAjI ne 'bhaktamAla' sAdhaka vicAra kara mantrarUpa astra kA uccAraNa karate hae kI racanA kii| sAmane ke patthara para girA de|| galatA (jayapura, rAjasthAna) kI prasiddha gaddI ke ye / __ aghamarSaNatIrtha-madhya pradeza, satanA kI raghurAjanagara tahasIla adhiSThAtA the| inakA jIvana-kAla saM0 1632 vi0 ke ke amuvA grAma meM dhAra, kuNDI tathA bedhaka ye tIna sthAna lagabhaga hai / svAmI rAmAnanda ke ziSya svAmI anantAnanda pAsa-pAsa haiM / tInoM milAkara 'abharakhana' (aghamarSaNa) kahe aura svAmI anantAnanda ke ziSya kRSNadAsa payahArI the| jAte haiM / dhAra meM siddhezvara mahAdeva kA mandira, kuNDI meM ye vallabhAcArya ke ziSya aura aSTachApa ke kavi kRSNadAsa tIrthakuNDa aura bedhaka meM prajApati kI yajJavedI hai| ina adhikArI se bhinna aura unake pUrvavattI the| inake tIna sthAnoM kI yAtrA pApanAzaka mAnI jAtI hai / ziSya svAmI agradAsa the| ye dhArmika kavi the, inakI aghora---ziva kA eka paryAya / isakA zAbdika artha hai nimnAMkita racanAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM : na+ ghora (bhayAnaka nahIM sundr)| zvetAzvatara upaniSad (1) hitopadeza upakhANAM bAdhanI, (2) dhyAnamaJjarI, meM ziva kA 'aghora' vizeSaNa milatA hai : (3) rAmadhyAnamaJjarI aura (4) kuNddliyaa| yA te rudra zivA tanUraghorA pApakAzinI / ' / aghamarSaNa-sandhyopAsana ke madhya eka vizeSa prakAra kI parantu kAlAntara meM ziva ke isa rUpa kI upAsanA ke kriyaa| isakA artha hai 'saba pApoM kA nAza karanevAlA jApa / ' antargata bIbhatsa evaM dhRNAtmaka AcaraNa pracalita ho gayA / utpanna pApa ko nAza karane ke lie, jaise yajJoM ke aGgabhUta isa rUpa ke upAsakoM kA eka svatantra sampradAya aghora paMtha avabhRtha-snAnamantra 'drupadAdiva' Adi hai vaise hI vaidika kahalAtA hai| sandhyA ke antargata mantra ke dvArA zAgha gaya jala kA phakanA aghoraghaNTa-eka kApAlika saMnyAsI / AThavIM zatAbdI ke pApanAzaka kriyA aghamarSaNa hai| tAntrika mandhyA meM bhI prathama caraNa meM bhavabhUti dvArA racita 'mAlatImAdhava' isakA vidhAna hai : nATaka kA aghoraghaNTa eka mukhya pAtra hai aura rAjadhAnI meM SaDaGganyAsamAcarya vAmahaste jalaM tataH / devI cAmuNDA ke pujArI kA kAma karatA hai| vaha Andhra gRhItvA dakSiNenaiva saMpuTaM kArayed budhaH / / pradeza ke eka bar3e zaiva kSetra zrIzaila se sambandhita hai| ziva-vAyu-jala-pRthvI-vahni-vIjaistridhA punaH / kapAlakuNDalA saMnyAsinI devI cAmuNDA kI upAsikA abhimantrya ca mUlena saptadhA tattvamudra yA / / evaM aghoraghaNTa kI ziSyA hai| donoM yoga ke abhyAsa niHkSipet tajjalaM mUni zeSa dakSe nidhAya ca / dvArA Azcaryajanaka zakti ajita karate haiM / unake vizvAsa iDayAkRSya dehAntaHkSAlitaM pApasaJcayam / zAkta vicAroM se bhare haiN| naramedha yajJa unakI kriyAoM meM kRSNavarNa tadudakaM dakSanADyA virecayet / / se eka hai| aghoraghaNTa nATaka ko nAyikA mAlatI ko

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12 bali devI cAmuNDA ko dene kI yojanA karatA hai, kintu anta meM nAyaka ke dvArA mArA jAtA hai / aghora paMtha-aghora paMtha ko kApAlika mata bhI kahate haiN| isa paMtha ko mAnanevAle tantrika sAdhu hote haiM, jo manuSya kI khopar3I liye rahate haiM aura madya, mAMsAdi kA sevana karate haiM / ye loga bhairava yA zakti ko bali car3hAte haiM / pahale ye nara bali bhI kiyA karate the / gRhasthoM meM isa mata kA pracAra prAyaH nahIM dekhA jAtA / ye spaSTa hI vAmamArgI zaiva hote haiM aura zmazAna meM rahakara bIbhatsa rIti se upAsanA karate haiN| inameM jAti-pAMti kA koI vivecana nahIM hotaa| inheM aupar3a bhI kahate haiN| ye devatAoM kI mUrtipUjA nahIM krte| apane zavoM ko samAdhi meM gAr3ate haiM / isa paMtha ko 'avadhUta' athavA 'sarabhaMga' mata bhI kahate haiM / Ajakala isakA sambandha nAtha paMtha ke haThayoga tathA tAntrika vAmamArga se hai| isakA mUlasthAna AbU parvata mAnA jAtA hai / kisI samaya meM bar3odA meM aghorezvaramaTha isakA bahuta bar3A kendra thA kAzI meM kRmikuMDa bhI isakA bahuta bar3A saMsthAna hai / isa paMtha kA siddhAnta nirguNa advaitavAda se milatA-julatA hai| sAdhanA meM yaha yoga tathA layayoga ko vizeSa mahattva detA hai / AcAra meM, jaisA ki likhA jA cukA hai, yaha vAmamArgI hai / samatva sAdhanA ke lie vihita-avihita, ucita-anucita Adi ke vicAra kA tyAga yaha Avazyaka mAnatA hai / aghoriyoM kI veza-bhUSA meM vividhatA hai| kinhIM kA veza zveta aura kinhI kA raMgIna hotA hai| inake do varga hai - ( 1 ) nirvANI (avadhUta) tathA (2) gRhastha parantu gRhastha prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara haiN| aghora paMtha ke sAhitya kA abhI pUrA saMkalana nahIM huA hai| kinArAma kA 'vivekasAra', 'bhinaka - darzanamAlA' tathA TekamanarAma kRta 'ratnamAlA' Adi grantha isa sampradAya meM pracalita hai| aghora zivAcArya zrIkaNTha mata ke anuyAyI / anuyAyI / unhoMne 'mRgrendrasaMhitA' kI vyAkhyA likhI hai| vimata meM inakA grantha prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai| vidyAraNya svAmI ne sarvadarzanasaMgraha meM zaiva darzana ke prasaMga meM aghora zivAcArya ke mata ko uddhRta kiyA hai| zrIkaNTha ne pAMcavIM zatAbdI meM / jisa zaiva mata ko nava jIvana pradAna kiyA thA, usI ko puSTa karane kI ceSTA aghora zivAcArya ne gyArahavIM-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM kI / 1 - aghora paMca-aGgArakacaturthI aghorA - jisakI mUrti bhavAnaka nahIM hai| ('ati bhayAnaka' aisA isa vyutpatti kA vyaMgyArtha hai / ) bhAdrapada kRSNA caturdazI aghorA hai bhAdre mAsyasite pakSe aghorAkhyA caturdazI / tasyAmArAdhitaH sthANurnayecchivapuraM dhruvam // [ bhAdrapada ke kuSNapakSa kI aghorA nAmaka caturdazI ke dina zaMkara kI ArAdhanA karane para upAsaka avazya hI zivapurI ko prApta karatA hai / ] / aghorI - aghorapaMtha kA anuyAyI prAcIna pAzupata saMpradAya kA samprati lopa sA ho gayA hai / kintu kucha aghorI milate haiM, jo purAne kApAlika hai| aporI hI kabIra ke prabhAva se aughar3a sAdhu hue| (vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'aghora paMtha' / ) P aGgada - (1) sikkha saMpradAya meM guru nAnaka ke pazcAt nau guru hue, unameM prathama guru aGgada the / inhoMne gurumukhI lipi calAyI jo aba paMjAbI bhASA kI lipi samajhI jAtI hai| inake likhe kucha pada bhI pAye jAte haiM / inake bAda guru amaradAsa va guru rAmadAsa hue / (2) rAmAyaNa kA eka pAtra jo kiSkindhA ke rAjA bAlI kA putra thA / rAma kA yaha parama bhakta thA / rAma kI ora se rAvaNa kI sabhA meM isakA dautya karma prasiddha hai| aGgamantra - narasiMha sampradAya kI do upaniSadoM meM se prathama / 'nRsiMha pUrvatApanIya' ke prathama bhAga meM nRsiMha ke mantrarAja kA paricaya diyA gayA hai tathA usakI ArAdhanA vidhi dI gayI hai| sAtha hI cAra 'aGgamantroM' kA bhI vivecana evaM paricaya diyA gayA hai / , aGgAraka caturthI - (1) kisI bhI mAsa ke maGgalavAra ko AnevAlI caturthI matsyapurANa ke anusAra 'aGgAraka caturthI' hai / ise jIvana meM ATha bAra cAra bAra athavA jIvana paryanta karanA caahie| isameM maGgala kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| 'agni' (R0 0 8 44. 16) isakA mantra hai| zUdroM ko kevala maGgala kA smaraNa karanA cAhie / kucha purANoM meM isako sukhavrata bhI kahA gayA hai| isakA dhyAnamantra hai : 'avantIsamuttvaM sumeSAsanasthaM dharAnandanaM raktavastraM samI de0 kR0 ka0 vratakANDa, 77-79 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, jilda 1, 508-509 /

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13 aGgiras-acintya bhedAbheda (2) yadi maMgalavAra ko caturthoM yA caturdazI par3e to vaha mandira hai / mandira taka jAne ke lie pula banA hai| uttara ekazata sUryagrahaNoM kI apekSA adhika puNya tathA phalapradA- bhArata meM yaha kArtikeya kA eka hI mandira hai| kahA yinI hotI hai| de0 gadAdhara pa0, kAlasAra bhAga, 610 / jAtA hai ki eka bAra paraspara zreSThatA ke bAre meM gaNezajI aGgiras-AGgirasoM kA udbhava Rgveda meM arddha paurANika tathA kArtikeya meM vivAda ho gyaa| bhagavAn zaGkara ne kula ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hotA hai| una paricchedoM ko, pRthvI-pradakSiNA karake nirNaya kara lene ko khaa| gaNezajI jo aGgiras ko eka kula kA pUrvaja batalAte haiM, aitihAsika ne mAtA-pitA kI parikramA kara lI aura ve vijayI mAna mUlya nahIM diyA jA sakatA / paravartI kAla meM AGgirasoM ke liye gaye / pRthvI-parikramA ko nikale kArtikeya ko mArga meM nizcita hI parivAra the, jinakA yAjJika kriyAvidhiyoM hI yaha samAcAra milaa| yAtrA sthagita karake ve vahIM (ayana, dvirAtra Adi) meM uddharaNa prApta hotA hai / acala rUpa se sthita ho gaye / yahA~ vasuoM tathA siddha gaNoM aGgirA-atharvaveda ke racayitA atharvA RSi aGgirA evaM bhRgu ne yajJa kiyA thaa| guru nAnakadeva ne bhI yahA~ kucha kAla taka ke vaMzaja mAne jAte haiM / aGgirA ke vaMzavAloM ko jo mantra sAdhanA kI thii| kArtika zuklA navamI-dazamI ko yahA~ melA mile unake saMgraha kA nAma 'atharvAGgirasa' pdd'aa| bhRgu ke vaMzavAloM ko jo mantra mile unake saMgraha kA nAma 'bhagvA- acintya bhedAbheda-aThArahavIM zatI ke Arambha meM baladeva Ggirasa' evaM donoM saMgrahoM kI saMhitA kA saMyukta nAma vidyAbhUSaNa ne caitanya sampradAya ke lie brahmasUtroM para 'govindaatharvaveda huaa| purANoM ke anusAra yaha munivizeSa kA bhASya' likhA, jisameM 'acintya bhedAbheda' mata (darzana) kA nAma hai jo brahmA ke mukha se utpanna hue haiN| inakI patnI dRSTikoNa rakhA gayA hai| isameM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai ki kardama muni kI kanyA zraddhA aura putra (1) utathya tathA / brahma evaM AtmA kA sambandha antima vizleSaNa meM acintya (2) bRhaspati; kanyAe~ (1) sinIvAlI, (2) kuhU, hai| donoM ko bhinna aura abhinna donoM kahA jA sakatA hai| (3) rAkA aura (4) anumati huii| isake anusAra Izvara zaktimAn tathA jIva-jagat usakI zakti aGgirAvata-kRSNa pakSa kI dazamI ko eka varSaparyanta dasa haiN| donoM meM bheda athavA abheda mAnanA tarka kI dRSTi se devoM kA pUjana 'aGgirAvrata' kahalAtA hai| de0 viSNudharma0 asaMgata athavA vyAghAtaka hai| zaktimAna aura zakti donoM pu0, 3. 117.1-3 / hI acintya haiM / ataH unakA sambandha bhI acintya hai| acala-Izvara kA eka vizeSaNa / ___ isa siddhAnta kA dUsarA paryAya caitanyamata hai / ise gauDIya na svarUpAn na sAmarthyAn naca jJAnAdikAd guNAt / vaiSNava darzana bhI kahate haiN| caitanya mahAprabhu isa sampradAya calanaM vidyate yasyetyacala: kIrtitA'cyutaH / / ke pravartaka hone ke sAtha sampradAya ke upAsya deva bhI [ jisakA svarUpa, sAmarthya aura jJAnAdi gaNa se calana haiM / isa sampradAya kA vizvAsa hai ki caitanya bhagavAn nahIM hotA use acala arthAt acyuta (viSNu) khaa| zrI kRSNa ke premAvatAra haiM / caitanya vallabhAcArya ke samasAmagayA hai / ] yika the aura unase mile bhI the| inakA janma navadvIpa . acalA saptamI--mAgha zuklA saptamI / isa dina sUryapUjana hotA (vaMgadeza) meM saM0 1542 vikrama meM aura zarIratyAga saM0 hai / isakI vidhi isa prakAra hai : vrata karanevAlA SaSThI ko 1590 vikrama meM prAyaH 48 varSa kI avasthA meM huA thaa| eka samaya bhojana karatA hai, saptamI ko upavAsa karatA caitanya ne jisa mata kA pracAra kiyA usa para koI grantha hai aura rAtri ke uparAnta khar3e hokara sira para dIpaka rakhe svayaM nahIM likhA aura na unake sahakArI advaita evaM nityAhue sUrya ko arghya detA hai| de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, nanda ne hI koI grantha likhaa| unake ziSya rUpa evaM 643-648 / sanAtana gosvAmI ke kucha grantha milate haiN| unake bAda acalezvara-amRtasara-paThAnakoTa relamArga meM baTAlA sTezana jIva gosvAmI dArzanika kSetra meM utre| inhIM tIna se cAra mIla para yaha sthAna hai / mandira ke samIpa suvistRta AcAryoM ne acinya bhedAbheda mata kA varNana kiyA hai / sarovara hai| yahA~ mukhya mandira meM ziva tathA svAmI kArtikeya parantu inhoMne bhI na to vedAntasUtra kA koI bhASya likhA evaM pArvatIdevI kI mUrtiyA~ haiM / sarovara ke madhya meM bhI ziva- aura na vedAnta ke kisI prakaraNa grantha kI racanA kii|

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14 accAna dIkSita-acyutazataka aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ne pahale-pahala accAna dIkSita-prasiddha AlaMkArika, vaiyAkaraNa evaM dArzanika acintya bhedAbheda vAda ke anusAra brahmasUtra para govinda- appayya dIkSita ke laghu bhrAtA / inake pitAmaha AcArya bhAgya jayapura (rAjasthAna) meM likhA / rUpa, sanAtana Adi dIkSita evaM pitA raGgarAjAbvarI the| AcAryoM ke granthoM meM bhaktivAda kI vyAkhyA aura vaiSNava acyuta-(1) vibhiNDukiyoM dvArA paricAlita satra meM inhoMne sAdhanA kI paryAlocanA kI gayI hai| phira bhI jIva gosvAmI pratihartA kA kAma kiyA thA, jisakA varNana 'jaiminIya brAhmaNa' meM hai / (2) vissnnu| ke grantha meM acintya bhedAbhedavAda kI sthApanA kI ceSTA acyuta kRSNAnanda tIrtha-appayya dIkSita kRta 'siddhAntaleza' haI hai| baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ke grantha meM hI caitanya kA ke ttiikaakaar| inhoMne chAyAbala nivAsI svayaMprakAzAnanda dArzanika mata spaSTa rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| marasvatI se vidyA prApta kI thii| ye kAberI tIravartI isa mata ke anusAra hari athavA bhagavAn parama tatva athavA antima sat hai / ve hI Izvara haiN| hari kI aGga nIlakaNThezvara nAmaka sthAna meM rahate the aura bhagavAn kRSNa ke bhakta the| inake granthoM meM kRSNabhakti kI ora inakI kAnti hI brahma hai| usakA eka aMza mAtra paramAtmA hai yatheSTa abhiruci milatI hai / "siddhAntaleza' kI TIkA kA jo vizva meM antaryAmI rUpa se vyApta hai| hari meM SaT nAma 'kRSNAlaGkAra' hai, jisameM inheM adbhata saphalatA prApta aizvaryoM kA aikya hai, ve haiM-(1) pUrNa zrI, (2) pUrNa aizvarya, huI hai| vidvAn hone ke sAtha hI ye atyanta vinayazIla (3) pUrNa vIrya, (4) pUrNa yaza, (5) pUrNa jJAna aura (6) pUrNa bhI the| kRSNAlaGkAra ke Arambha meM inhoMne likhA hai : vairAgya / inameM pUrNa zrI kI pradhAnatA hai; zeSa gauNa haiN| AcAryacaraNadvandva-smRtilekhakarUpiNam / rAdhA-kRSNa kI yugala mUrti meM hari kA pUrNa prAkaTaya hai| mAM kRtvA kurute vyAkhyAM nAhamatra prabhuryataH / / rAdhA-kRSNa meM prema aura bhakti kA anivArya bandhana hai| | gurudeva ke caraNoM kI smRti hI mujhe lekhaka banAkara yaha hari kI acintya zaktiyoM meM tIna pramukha haiM-(1) vyAkhyA karA rahI hai, kyoMki mujhameM yaha kArya karane kI svarUpa zakti, (2) taTastha zakti tathA (3) mAyA zakti / sAmarthya nahIM hai| svarUpa zakti ko cit zakti athavA antaraGgA zakti bhI isase inakI gurubhakti aura nirabhimAnitA suspaSTa hai| kahate haiN| yaha trividha rUpoM meM vyakta hotI hai-(1) kRSNAlaMkAra ke sivA inhoMne zAGkarabhASya ke Upara saMdhinI, (1) saMvita tathA (3) hAdinI / saMdhinI zakti 'vanamAlA' nAmaka TIkA bhI likhI hai| isase bhI inakI ke AdhAra para hari svayaM sattA grahaNa karate haiM tathA dUsaroM kRSNabhakti kA paricaya milatA hai| ko sattA pradAna kara unameM vyApta rahate haiN| saMvit zakti acyutapakSAcArya-ye advaitamata ke saMnyAsI evaM madhvAcArya se hari apane ko jAnate tathA anya ko jJAna pradAna karate ke dIkSAguru the| madhvAcArya ne gyAraha varSa kI avasthA meM haiM / hlAdinI zakti se ve svayaM Anandita hokara dUsaroM ko hI sanakakulodbhava acyutapakSAcArya (nAmAntara zuddhAnanda) Anandita karate haiN| taTastha zakti ko jIvazakti bhI se dIkSA lI thii| saMnyAsa lekara inhoMne guru ke pAsa kahate haiN| isake dvArA paricchinna svabhAva vAle aNurUpa vedAnta par3hanA Arambha kiyA, kintu guru kI vyAkhyA se jIvoM kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai| hari kI mAyA zakti se inheM saMtoSa na hotA thA aura unake sAtha ye prativAda karane dRzya jagat aura prakRti kA udbhava hotA hai| ina tIna lagate the / kahate haiM ki madhvAcArya ke prabhAva se inake guru zaktiyoM ke samavAya ko parA zakti kahate haiN| acyatapakSAcArya bhI bAda meM dvaitavAdI vaiSNava ho gye| jIvoM ke ajJAna aura avidyA kA kAraNa mAyA zakti acyatavrata-pauSa kRSNA pratipadA ko yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| isI ke dvArA jIva Izvara se apanA sambandha bhUlakara hai| tila tathA dhRta ke homa dvArA acyutapUjA hotI hai| saMsAra ke bandhana meM par3a jAtA hai / hari se jIva kA punaH isa dina 'oM namo bhagavate vAsudevAya' maMtra dvArA tIsa sambandha sthApana hI mukti hai| mukti kA sAdhana haribhakti sapatnIka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA caahie| de0 ahlyaahai| bhakti hari kI saMvit tathA hlAdinI zakti ke mizraNa kA0 dhe0 (patrAtmaka), pR0 230 / se utpanna hotI hai| ye donoM zaktiyA~ bhagavadpA hai| acyutazataka-eka stotragrantha / isake racayitA vedAntAcArya ataH bhakti bhI bhagavatsvarUpiNI hI hai / veGkaTanAtha the| racanAkAla lagabhaga saM0 1350 vikramIya hai|

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acyutAvAsa-ajapA abhyutAvAsa 'acyuta (viSNu) kA AvAsa (sthAna), ' azvattha (pIpala) vRkSa | aja - (1) Izvara kA eka vizeSaNa isakA artha hai ajanmA / nahi jAto na jAye'haM na janiSye kadAcana / kSetrajJaH sarvabhUtAnAM tasmAdahamajaH smRtaH / mahAbhArata [ maiM na utpanna huA, na hotA hU~ aura na hoU~gA / sarva prANiyoM kA kSetrajJa hU~ / isIlie mujhe loga aja kahate haiM / ] brahmA, viSNu, ziva aura kAmadeva ko bhI aja kahate haiM / aja - (2) Rgveda evaM paravartI sAhitya meM yaha sAdhAraNataH bakare kA paryAya hai| isake dUsare nAma haiM-basta, chAga, chagala Adi / bakare evaM bher3a ( ajAvayaH ) kA varNana prAyaH sAtha- sAtha huA hai| zava kriyA meM aja kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thA, kyoMki vaha pUSA kA pratinidhi aura preta kA mArgadarzaka mAnA jAtA thA / de0 atharvaveda kA antyeSTi sUkta / ajagara - yaha nAma atharvaveda meM uddhRta azvamedha yajJa ke pazuoM ko tAlikA meM AtA hai| paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM varNita sarpayajJa meM isase eka vyakti kA bodha hotA hai / ajapA- jisakA uccAraNa nahIM kiyA jAtA apitu jo zvAsa-prazvAsa ke gamana aura Agamana se sampAdita kiyA (haMsaH) jAtA hai, vaha japa 'ajapA' kahalAtA hai| isake devatA ardhanArIzvara hai udyadbhAnusphuritataDidAkAramarddhAmbikezam pAzAbhIti trinetram | varadaparaNaM saMdadhAnaM karAH / divyAkalpairnava maNimayaiH zobhitaM vizvamUlam saumyAgneyaM vapuravatu nazcandracUDaM [ udita hote hue sUrya ke samAna tathA camakatI huI bijalI ke tulya jinakI aMgazobhA hai, jo cAra bhujAoM meM abhaya mudrA, pAza, varadAna mudrA tathA parazu ko dhAraNa kiye hue haiM, jo nUtana maNimaya divya vastuoM se suzobhita aura vizva ke mUla kAraNa haiM, aise ambikA ke ardha bhAga se saMyukta candracUr3a, trinetra zaMkarajI kA saubhya aura Agneya zarIra hamArI rakSA kre| ] . svAbhAvika niHzvAsaprazvAsa rUpa se jIva ke japane ke lie haMsa-mantra nimnAMkita hai : atha vakSye mahezAni pratyahaM prajapennaraH / mohavanyaM na jAnAti mokSastasya na vidyate // zrIguroH kRpayA devi jJAyate japyate yadA / ucchvAsaniHzvAsatayA tadA bandhakSayo bhavet // ucchvAsareva niHzvAsairhasa ityakSaradvayam / tasmAt prANazca haMsArUpa AtmAkAreNa saMsthitaH // nAbherucchvAsaniHzvAsAd hRdayA vyavasthitaH / SaSTizvAsairbhavet prANaH SaT prANA nADikA matA // paSTinAyA ahorAtra japasaMkhyAkramo mataH / ekaviMzati sAhasraM SaTzatAdhikamIzvari // japate pratyahaM prANI sAndrAnandamayIM parAm / utpattirjapamArambho mRtyustatra nivedanam // vinA japena devezi japo bhavati mantriNaH / ajapeyaM tataH proktA bhavapAzanikRntanI // 15 (dakSiNAmUrtisaMhitA) mantra kahatA hU~, [ he pArvatI ! aba eka uttama jisakA manuSya nitya japa kare isakA japa karane se moha / kA bandhana nahIM lagatA aura mokSa kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI hai / he devI, zrI guru kI kRpA se jaba jJAna ho jAtA hai tathA jaba zvAsa-prazvAsa se manuSya japa karatA hai| usa samaya bandhana kA nAza ho jAtA hai| zvAsa lene aura chor3ane meM hI "haM sa:" ina do akSaroM kA uccAraNa hotA hai / isIlie prANa ko haMsa kahate haiM aura vaha AtmA ke rUpa meM nAbhi sthAna se ucchvAsa nizvAsa ke rUpa me uThatA huA hRdaya ke agrabhAga meM sthita rahatA hai| sATha zvAsoM kA eka prANa hotA hai, chaH prANoM kI eka nAr3I hotI hai, sATha nAr3iyoM kA eka ahorAtra hotA hai| yaha japasaMkhyA kA krama hai / he IzvarI, isa prakAra ikkIsa hajAra chaH sau zvAsoM ke rUpa meM Ananda dene vAlI parAzakti kA prANI pratidina japa karatA hai| janma se lekara mRtyuparyanta yaha japa mAnA jAtA hai / he devI, mantrajJa ke binA japa karane se bhI zvAsa ke dvArA japa ho jAtA hai / isIlie ise ajapA kahate haiM aura yaha bhava (saMsAra) ke pAsa ko dUra karane vAlA hai / ] aura bhI kahA hai : SaTzatAni divA rAtrau sahasApyekaviMzatiH / etatsaMkhyAnvitaM mantra jIvo japati sarvadA || (mahAbhArata) [ rAta-dina ikkIsa hajAra chaH sau saMkhyA taka mantra ko prANI sadA japa karatA hai / ] siddha sAhitya meM 'ajapA' ko paryApta carcA hai| gorasapaMtha meM bhI eka dina-rAta meM Ane-jAne vAle 21600 zvAsa-prazvAsoM ko 'ajapA japa' kahA gayA hai :

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16 ikabIsa sahasa SaTasA AdU pavana puriSa japa mAlI / ilA pyaGgulA suSamana nArI ahanisi basai pranAlI // gorakhapaMtha kA anusaraNa karate hue kabIra ne zvAsa ko 'ohaM' tathA 'prazvAsa' ko 'sohaM' batalAyA hai / inhIM kA nirantara pravAha ajapAjapa hai / isI ko 'niHakSara' dhyAna bhI kahA hai niha akSara jApa taha~ jAe~ / uThata dhuna sunna se Aye || (gorakhabAnI) ajA-ajA kA artha hai 'jisakA janma na ho prakRti athavA Adi zakti ke artha meM isakA prayoga hotA hai / 'sAMkhyatatvakaumudI' meM kahA gayA hai 'rakta, zukla aura kRSNa varNa kI eka ajA (prakRti) ko namaskAra karatA huuN|' purANoM meM mAyA ke lie isa zabda prayoga huA hai / upanipadoM meM ajA kA nimnAMkita varNana hai ajAmekAM lohitakRSNazula bahvIH prajAH sRjamAnAM sarUpAm / ajo hyeko juSamANo'nuzete jahAtyenAM bhukta bhogAmajo'nyaH // ( zvetAzvatara 4.5 ) [ rana zukla kRSNa varNa vAlI bahuta prajAoM kA sarjana karanevAlI sundara svarUpa yukta ajA kA eka puruSa sevana karatA hai tathA dUsarA aja puruSa isakA upabhoga karake ise chor3a detA hai / ] rAjA, eka prAcIna ajAtazatru - kAzI kA jisakA bRhadAraNyaka evaM kauSItaki upaniSad meM ullekha hai / usane AtmA ke sacce svarUpa kI zikSA abhimAnI brAhmaNa bAlAki ko dI thI / yaha agnividyA meM bhI parama pravINa thA / ajA zakti eka hI aja puruSa kI ajA nAmaka mahAzakti tIna rUpoM meM pariNata hokara sRSTi, pAlana aura pralaya kI adhiSThAtrI banatI haiN| zvetAzvataropaniSad kI (4.5) paMktiyoM meM usI ajA zakti ke tIna rUpoM kI carcA hai| prakArAntara se RSiyoM ne isa sRSTividyA ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai / ve mahAzaktiyA~ mahAsarasvatI, mahAlakSmI evaM mahAkAlI hai inase hI kramazaH sRSTi, pAlana evaM pralaya kI kriyAe~ hotI haiM / ajira - paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM varNita sarvotsava meM ajira subrahmaNya purohita kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| ajaikapAt -- ekAdaza rudroM ke antargata eka nAma / isakA ajA-ajJAtavAda zAbdika artha hai 'aja ke samAna jisakA eka pA~va hai / ' ajJAta (pApa) - pApa do prakAra ke hote haiM, pahalA ajJAta. dUsarA jJAta ajJAta pApa kA prAyazcitta yajJAdi se kiyA jA sakatA hai| prAyazcittakArya yadi niSkAma bhAva se kiye gaye haiM to ye Izvara taka pahu~cate hai tathA akSaya phala pradAna karate haiN| jJAta pApa ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai| ki jaba koI bhakta niSkAma bhakti meM lagA ho to vaha aisA pApa karatA hI nahIM, aura yadi devAt usase pApakarma ho bhI jAya to Izvara use bure karmoM ke pApa se kSamA pradAna karatA hai / ajJAtavAda - jagat aura sRSTi ke sambandha meM vezantiyoM ne naiyAyikoM ke 'ArambhavAda' (arthAt Izvara sRSTi utpanna karatA hai) aura sAMsyoM ke 'pariNAmavAda' (arthAt sRSTi kA vikAsa uttarottara vikAra yA pariNAma dvArA avyakta prakRti se Apa hI Apa hotA hai) ke sthAna para 'vivarta vAda' kI sthApanA kI haiM, jisake anusAra jagat brahma kA vivarta yA kalpita rUpa hai / rassI ko yadi hama sarpa samajheM to rassI satya vastu hai aura sarpa usakA vivarta yA bhrAntijanya pratIti hai / isI prakAra brahma to nitya aura vAsta vika sattA hai aura nAmarUpAtmaka jagat usakA vivarta hai| yaha vivarta adhyAsa ke dvArA hotA hai jo nAma-rUpAtmaka dRzya hama dekhate haiM vaha na to brahma kA vAstavika svarUpa hai, na kArya yA pariNAma hI hai, kyoMki brahma nirvikAra aura apariNAmI hai| adhyAsa ke sambandha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki sarpa koI alaga padArtha avazya hai, tabhI to usakA Aropa hotA hai| ataH isa viSaya ko aura spaSTa karane ke lie 'dRSTisRSTivAda' upasthita kiyA jAtA hai, jisake anusAra mAyA athavA nAma-rUpa mana kI vRtti haiN| inakI sRSTi mana hI karatA hai aura mana hI dekhatA hai| ye nAma rUpa usI prakAra mana yA vRttiyoM ke bAhara nahIM haiM, jisa prakAra jar3a-cit ke bAhara kI koI vastu nahIM hai / ina vRttiyoM kA zamana hI mokSa hai / ina donoM vAdoM meM truTi dekhakara kucha vedAntI 'avacchedavAda' kA Azraya lete haiN| ve kahate haiM ki brahma ke atirikta jagat kI jo pratIti hotI hai, vaha ekarasa athavA anavacchinna sattA ke bhItara mAyA dvArA avaccheda

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majJAna-aNu 17 yA parimiti ke Aropa ke kAraNa hotI hai| kucha anya aNu-(1) sabase prAcIna dArzanika grantha upaniSadoM meM vedAntI ina tInoM vAdoM ke sthAna para 'bimba-pratibimbavAda' aNuvAda athavA aNu kA ullekha aprApya hai| isI kAraNa upasthita karate haiM aura kahate haiM ki brahma prakRti athavA aNuvAda kA ullekha vedAntasUtroM meM bhI nahIM huA hai, kyoMki mAyA ke bIca aneka prakAra se pratibimbita hotA hai jisase unakI dArzanika udgama-bhUmi upaniSad hI haiM / aNuvAda nAma-rUpAtmaka dRzyoM kI pratIti hotI hai| antima vAda kA ullekha sAMkhya evaM yoga meM bhI nahIM milatA / aNuvAda 'ajJAtavAda' hai, jise 'prauDhivAda' bhI kahate haiM / yaha saba vaizeSika darzana kA eka pramukha aGga hai evaM nyAya ne bhI prakAra kI utpatti ko, cAhe vaha vivarta ke rUpa meM khii| ise mAnyatA pradAna kI hai| jainoM ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA jAya cAhe dRSTi-sRSTi, avaccheda athavA pratibimba hai evaM abhidharmakoza-vyAkhyA ke anusAra AjIvakoM ne ke rUpa meM: asvIkAra karatA hai aura kahatA hai ki jo bhii| prArambhika bauddhadharma isase paricita nahIM hai| pAli jaisA hai vaha vaisA hI hai aura saba brahma hai / brahma anirvaca- bauddha granthoM meM isakA ullekha nahIM huA hai, kintu vaibhASika nIya hai, usakA varNana zabdoM dvArA ho hI nahIM sakatA, evaM sautrAntika isako pUrNa rUpeNa mAnane vAle the| kyoMki hamAre pAsa jo bhASA hai vaha dvaita kI hI hai| nyAya-vaizeSika zAstra ke anusAra prathama cAra dravya arthAt jo kucha bhI hama kahate haiM, vaha bheda ke AdhAra para vastuoM kA sabase choTA antima kaNa, jisakA Age vibhAjana hI / ataH mUla tattva ajJAta hI rahatA hai| nahIM ho sakatA, aNu (paramANu) kahalAtA hai / isameM gandha, ajJAna-jJAna kA abhAva athavA jJAna ke viruddha / ajJAna ke sparza, parimANa, saMyoga, gurutva, dravatva, vega Adi vibhinna paryAya hai avidyA, ahaMmati Adi / zrImadbhAgavata ke anu- guNa samAye rahate haiM / atyanta sUkSma hone se isakA indriyasAra jagata ke utpattikAla meM brahmA ne pA~ca prakAra ke janya pratyakSa nahIM hotA / isakI sUkSmatA kA AbhAsa karAne ajJAna ko banAyA : (1) tama, (2) moha, (3) mahAmoha, (4) ke lie kucha sthUla dRSTAnta diye jAte haiM, yathAtAmisra aura (5) andhatAmisra / vedAnta ke mata se ajJAna jAlAntaragate bhAnau yatsUkSmaM dRzyate rajaH / sat aura asat se anirvacanIya aura triguNAtmaka bhAvarUpa tasya SaSTitamo bhAgaH paramANaH sa ucyate / / hai / jo kucha bhI jJAna kA virodhI hai use ajJAna kahate haiN| manu ne kahA hai : bAlAnazatabhAgasya zatadhA kalpitasya ca / ajJAnAd vAruNI pItvA saMskAreNava zuddhayati / | ghara ke bhItara chidroM se Ate hae sUryaprakAza ke bIca [ jo ajJAna se madirA pI letA hai vaha saMskAra karane / meM ur3ane vAle kaNa kA sAThavA~ bhAga; athavA royeM ke antima para hI zuddha hotA hai|] sire kA hajAravA~ bhAga paramANu kahA jAtA hai| vyavahArataH ajJAnAd bAlabhAvAcca sAkSyaM vitathamucyate / vaizeSikoM kI zabdAvalI meM 'aNa' sabase choTA AkAra [ajJAna athavA bAlabhAva ke kAraNa jo bhI sAkSI dI kahalAtA hai| aNusaMyoga se dvayaNuka, trasareNu Adi bar3e jAtI hai vaha saba jhUTha hotI hai| hote cale jAte haiN| aNimA-aSTa siddhiyoM meM se eka / aSTa siddhiyoM ke nAma jaina matAnusAra AtmA evaM deza ko chor3akara sabhI vastue~ ye hai : aNimA, mahimA, laghimA, prApti , prAkAmya, Izitva, pudgala se utpanna hotI haiN| sabhI pudgaloM ke paramANu vazitva aura kaamaavsaayitaa| aNimA kA artha hai aNu athavA aNu hote haiM / pratyeka aNu eka pradeza athavA sthAna (sUkSma) kA bhAva, jisake prabhAva se devatA, siddha Adi gheratA hai / pudgala sthUla yA sUkSma rUpa meM raha sakatA hai| jaba sUkSma rUpa dhAraNa karake sarvatra vicaraNa karate haiM aura jinheM yaha sUkSma rUpa meM rahatA hai to agaNita aNu eka sthUla koI bhI nahIM dekha sakatA / AgamoM meM siddhiyoM kI gaNanA aNu ko ghere rahate haiN| aNu zAzvata haiN| pratyeka aNu meM isa prakAra hai : eka prakAra kA rasa, gandha, rUpa aura do prakAra kA sparza aNimA laghimA prAptiH prAkAmyaM mahimA tathA / hotA hai| ye vizeSatAe~ sthira nahIM haiM aura na bahuta se IzitvaJca vazitvaJca tathA kAmAvasAyitA // aNuoM ke lie nizcita hai| do athavA adhika aNu jo de0 'siddhi' / cikanAhaTa yA khuradarApana ke guNa meM bhinna hote haiM Apasa

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atithi-ativijayaikAdazI meM milakara 'skandha' banAte haiM / pratyeka vastu eka hI prakAra ke aNusamUha se nirmita hotI hai| aNu apane andara gati kA vikAsa kara sakatA hai evaM yaha gati itanI tIvra ho sakatI hai ki eka kSaNa meM vaha vizva ke eka chora se dUsare chora taka pahu~ca ske| aNu-(2) kAzmIra zaiva sampradAya ke zaiva AgamoM aura zivasUtroM kA dArzanika dRSTikoNa advaitavAdI hai| 'pratyabhijJA' (manuSya ko ziva se abhinnatA kA anavarata jJAna) mukti kA sAdhana batAyI gayI hai| saMsAra ko kevala mAyA nahIM samajhA gayA hai| yaha ziva kA hI zakti ke dvArA prastuta svarUpa hai| sRSTi ke vikAsa kI praNAlI sAMkhyamata ke sadRza hai, kintu isakI kucha apanI vizeSatAe~ haiM / isa praNAlI ko 'trika' kahate haiM, kyoMki yaha tIna siddhAntoM ko vyakta karatI hai| ve siddhAnta hai-ziva, zakti evaM aNu, athavA pati, pAza evaM pazu / aNu kA hI nAma pazu hai| atithi-hindU dharma meM atithi pUjanIya vyakti hotA hai| atharvaveda kA eka mantra Atithya ke guNoM kA varNana karatA hai : 'Atitheya ko atithi ke khA cukane ke bAda bhojana karanA caahie| atithi ko jala denA cAhie' ityAdi / taittirIya upaniSad bhI Atithya para jora detI huI 'atithi deva' (atithi devatA) hai kI ghoSaNA karatI hai| aitareya AraNyaka meM kahA gayA hai ki kevala sajjana hI Atithya ke pAtra hai| atithiyajJa dainika gRhasthajIvana kA niyamita aGga thaa| isakI gaNanA paJca mahAyajJoM meM kI jAtI hai| purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM atithi ke sambandha meM vistRta varNana pAye jAte haiM : jo nirantara calatA hai, ThaharatA nahIM use atithi kahate haiM (at + ithin)| ghara para AyA huA, pahale se ajJAta vyakti bhI atithi kahalAtA hai / isake paryAya hai Agantuka, Avezika, gRhAgata Adi / isakA lakSaNa nimnAMkita hai : yasya na jJAyate nAma naca gotraM naca sthitiH / akasmAd gRhamAyAti so'tithiHprocyate budhaiH / / [ jisakA nAma, gotra, sthiti nahIM jJAta hai aura jo akasmAt ghara meM AtA hai, use atithi kahA jAtA hai| usake vimukha lauTa jAne para gRhastha ko doSa lagatA hai : atithiryasya bhagnAzo gRhAt pratinivartate / sa tasmai duSkRtaM dattvA paNyamAdAya gacchati / / [jisake ghara se atithi nirAza hokara calA jAtA hai vaha usa gRhastha ko pApa dekara aura usake puNya lekara calA jAtA hai| ] gau ke duhane meM jitanA samaya lagatA hai utane samaya taka ghara ke A~gana meM atithi kI pratIkSA karanI cAhie / apanI icchA se vaha kaI dina bhI ruka sakatA hai (viSNu puraann)| muhUrta kA aSTama bhAga godohana kAla kahalAtA hai, usa samaya meM dekhA gayA vyakti atithi kahalAtA hai (mArkaNDeya purANa) / atithi mUrkha hai athavA vidvAn yaha vicAra nahIM karanA cAhie : priyo vA yadi vA dveSyo murkhaH patita eva vA / samprApte vaizvadevAnte so'tithiH svargasaMkramaH / / [cAhe priya, virodhI, mUrkha, patita koI bhI ho vaizvadeva ke anta meM jo AtA hai vaha atithi hai aura svarga ko le jAtA hai / ] atithi se vedAdi nahIM pUchanA cAhie : svAdhyAyagotracaraNamapRSTvApi tathA kulam / hiraNyagarbhabuddhyA taM manyetAbhyAgataM gRhI / [svAdhyAya, gotra, caraNa, kula binA pUche hI gRhastha atithi ko viSNu rUpa mAne / ] (vissnnupuraann)| usase deza Adi pUchane para doSa lagatA hai : dezaM nAma kulaM vidyAM pRSTvA yo'nnaM prayacchati / na sa tatphalamApnoti dattvA svarga na gacchati / / [ deza, nAma, vidyA, kula pUchakara jo anna detA hai use puNyaphala nahIM milatA aura phira vaha svarga ko bhI nahIM prApta krtaa|] atithi ko zakti ke anusAra denA cAhie : bhaM janaM hantakAraM vA agra bhikSAmathApi vaa| adattvA naiva bhoktavyaM yathA vibhavamAtmanaH / / [bhojana, hantakAra, agra grAsa athavA bhikSA vinA diye bhojana nahIM karanA caahie| yathAzakti pahale dekara khAnA cAhie / ] bhikSA Adi kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : grAsapramANA bhikSA syAdanaM grAsacatuSTayam / agrAccaturgaNaM prArhantakAraM dvijottamAH / / (mArkaNDeya purANa) [grAsa bhara ko bhikSA, grAsa se caugune ko agra, agra se caugune ko hantakAra kahate haiN|] ativijaya kAdazI-punarvasu nakSatra se yukta zukla pakSIya ekaadshii| isa tithi ko eka varSaparyanta tiloM ke prastha kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa dina viSNu kA vrata kiyA jAtA hai / de0 hemAdri; vrata khaNDa, 1147 /

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atIndriya-atharvaveda atIndriya-naiyAyikoM ke mata se paramANa atIndriya haiM: aindriya nhiiN| unheM jJAnendriyoM se nahIM dekhA athavA jAnA jA sakatA hai| ve kevala anumeya haiN| AtmA, paramAtmA athavA parama tattva bhI atIndriya haiN| atyAdhamI--prathama tInoM AzramoM se zreSTha Azrama meM rahane vaalaa-sNnyaasii|vh AtmA ko pUrNataH jAnatA hai tathA apane vyaktigata jIvana se mukta hai| parivAra, sampadA evaM saMsAra se sambandha viccheda kara cukA hai evaM vaha use prApta kara cukA hai jisakI kevala parivrAjaka yogI hI icchA rakhate haiN| atri--Rgveda kA paJcama maNDala atri-kula dvArA saMgRhIta hai| kadAcit atri-parivAra kA priyamedha, kaNva, gotama evaM kAkSIvata kUloM se nikaTa sambandha thaa| Rgveda ke paJcama maNDala ke eka mantra meM paruSNI evaM yamunA ke ullekha se anumAna lagAyA jA sakatA hai ki yaha parivAra vistRta kSetra meM phailA haA thaa| atri gotrapravartaka RSi bhI the| mukhya smRtikAroM kI tAlikA meM bhI atri kA nAma AtA hai| atrismati-yaha grantha prAcIna smRtiyoM meM hai| isakA ullekha manusmRti (3.13) meM haA hai| 'Atreya dharmazAstra', 'atrisaMhitA' tathA avismati nAma ke grantha bhI pAye jAte haiN| atharvA-vedakAlIna vibhinna purohitakuloM kI taraha hI yaha eka kula thaa| ekavacana meM atharvA nAma parivAra ke adhyakSa kA sUcaka hai, kintu bahuvacana meM 'atharvANaH' zabda se sampUrNa parivAra kA bodha hotA hai| kucha sthAnoM meM eka nizcita parivAra kA uddharaNa prApta hotA hai| dAnastuti meM inheM azvattha kI dayA kA dAna grahaNa karane vAlA kahA gayA hai evaM yajJa meM inake dvArA madhumizrita paya kA prayoga karane kA vivaraNa hai| atharva-prAtizAkhya-bhinna-bhinna vedoM ke aneka prakAra ke svaroM ke uccAraNa, padoM ke krama aura viccheda Adi kA nirNaya zAkhA ke jina granthoM dvArA hotA hai, unheM 'prAti- zAkhya' kahate haiN| atyanta prAcIna kAla meM RSiyoM ne vedAdhyayana ke svarAdi kA vizeSatA se nizcaya karake apanI apanI gAkhA kI paramparA calAyI thii| jisa vyakti ne jisa zAkhA se vedapATha sIkhA vaha usI zAkhA kI vaMzaparamparA kA sadasya khlaayaa| bAhmaNoM kI gotra-pravarazAkhA Adi kI paramparA isI taraha cala pdd'ii| bahuta kAla bItane para isa bheda ko smaraNa rakhane ke lie aura apanIapanI rIti kI rakSA ke lie prAtizAkhya grantha banAye gaye / inhIM prAtizAkhyoM meM zikSA aura vyAkaraNa donoM pAye jAte haiM / 'atharva-prAtizAkhya' do milate haiM, inameM eka 'zaunakIya caturadhyAyikA' hai jisameM (1) grantha kA uddezya, paricaya aura vRtti, (2) svara aura vyaJjana-saMyoga, udAttAdi lakSaNa, pragRhya, akSara vinyAsa, yukta varNa, yama, abhinidhAna, nAsikya, svarabhakti, sphoTana, karSaNa aura varNakrama, (3) saMhitAprakaraNa, (4) krama-nirNaya, (5) padanirNaya aura (6) svAdhyAya kI AvazyakatA ke sambandha meM upadeza, ye chaH viSaya batAye jAte haiM / atharvaveda-cAroM vedoM ke krama meM atharvaveda kA nAma sabase anta meM AtA hai| yaha pradhAnataH nau saMskaraNoM meM pAyA jAtA hai-pappalAda, zaunakIya, dAmoda, totrAyana, jAmala, brahmapAlAza, kunakhA, devadarzI aura crnnvidyaa| anya mata se una saMskaraNoM ke nAma ye haiM-pappalAda, Andhra, pradAtta, snAta, znauta, brahmadAvana, zaunaka, devadarzatI aura crnnvidyaa| inake atirikta taittirIyaka nAma ke do prakAra ke bheda dekha par3ate haiM, yathA auravya aura kANDikeya / kANDikeya bhI pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM-Apastamba, vaudhAyana, satyAvAcI, hiraNyakezI aura audheya / ___atharvaveda kI saMhitA arthAt mantrabhAga meM bIsa kANDa haiM / kANDoM ko ar3atIsa prapAThakoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| isameM 760 sUkta aura 6000 mantra haiN| kisI-kisI zAkhA ke grantha meM anuvAka vibhAga bhI pAye jAte haiN| anuvAkoM kI saMkhyA 80 hai / yadyapi atharvaveda kA nAma saba vedoM ke bAda AtA hai tathApi yaha samajhanA bhUla hogI ki yaha veda sabase pIche banA / vaidika sAhitya meM anyatra bhI 'AtharvaNa' zabda AyA hai aura puruSasUkta meM chanda zabda se atharvaveda hI abhipreta jAna par3atA hai / kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki Rk, yaju aura sAma ye hI trayI kahalAte haiM aura atharvaveda trayI se bAhara hai| pAzcAtya vidvAn kahate haiM ki atharvaveda anya vedoM se pIche bnaa| parantu Rk, yaju aura sAma tInoM alaga grantha nahIM mantra-racanA kI praNAlI mAtra haiN| inase veda ke tIna saMhitA vibhAgoM kI sUcanA nahIM hotii| yajJakArya ko acche prakAra se calAne ke lie hI cAra saMhitAoM kA vibhAga kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda hotA ke lie hai,

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20 yajurveda adhyayuM ke lie, sAmaveda udgAtA ke lie aura atharvaveda brahma ke lie hai| isa veda kA sAkSAtkAra atharvA nAmaka RSi ne kiyA / isIlie isakA nAma atharvaveda pdd'aa| brahmA purohita ke lie yaha veda kAma meM AtA hai isalie jaise yajurveda ko Adhvaryava kahate haiM, vaise hI ise brahmaveda bhI kahate haiM / kahate haiM ki isa veda meM saba vedoM kA sAra tattva nihita hai, isIlie yaha saba meM zreSTha hai gopatha brAhmaNa meM likhA hai : zreSTho hi vedastapaso'dhijAto brahmajJAnaM hRdaye saMbabhUva / ( 119 ) etadvai bhUyiSThaM brahma yad bhRgvaMgirasaH / yesGgirasaH sarasaH / ye'tharvANastad bheSajam / yad bheSajam tadamRtam / yadamRtaM tadbrahma griphina ne apane aMgrejI padyAnuvAda kI likhA hai ki atharvA atyanta purAne RSi kA jisake sambandha meM Rgveda meM likhA hai ki isI saGgharSaNa dvArA agni ko utpanna kiyA aura yajJoM ke dvArA vaha mArga taiyAra kiyA jisase manuSyoM aura devatAoM meM sambandha sthApita ho gyaa| isI RSi ne pAralaukika tathA alaukika zaktiyoM ke dvArA virodhI asuroM ko vaza meM kara liyaa| isI acaryA RSi se aGgirA aura bhRgu ke vaMza vAloM ko jo mantra mile unhIM kI saMhitA kA nAma 'atharvaveda', 'bhRgvaGgirasa veda' athavA 'atharvAGgirasa veda' par3A isakA nAma, jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, brahmaveda bhI hai| griphitha ne isa nAmakaraNa ke tIna kAraNa batAye haiM, jinameM se eka kA ullekha Upara ho cukA hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa veda meM mantra haiM, ToTake haiM AzIrvAda haiM, aura prArthanAeM haiM, jinase devatAoM ko prasanna kiyA jA sakatA hai, unakA saMrakSaNa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, manuSya, bhUta-preta, pizAca Adi AsurI zatruoM ko zApa diyA jA sakatA hai aura naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / ina prArthanAtmaka stutiyoM ko 'brahmANi' kahA gayA hai| inakA jJAna samuccaya hone se isakA nAma brahmaveda hai / brahmaveda hone kI tIsarI yukti yaha hai ki jahA~ tInoM veda isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhaprApti ke upAya batAte haiM aura dharmapAlana kI zikSA dete haiM, vahA~ yaha veda brahmajJAna bhI sikhAtA hai aura mokSa ke upAya batAtA hai| (34) bhUmikA meM nAma hai, RSi ne pahale-pahala atharvaveda atharvaveda ke kama prAcIna hone kI yuktiyAM dete hue griphitha yaha mata prakaTa karate haiM ki jahA~ Rgveda meM jIvana ke svAbhAvika bhAva haiM aura prakRti ke lie pragAr3ha prema hai, vahA~ atharvaveda meM prakRti ke pizAcoM aura unakI alaukika zaktiyoM kA bhaya dikhAI par3atA hai| jahA~ Rk meM svatantra karmaNyatA aura svatantratA kI dazA hai vahA~ atharvaveda meM andhavizvAsa dikhAI detA hai| kintu unakI yaha yukti pAzcAtya dRSTi se ulaTI ja~catI hai, kyoMki andhavizvAsa kA yuga pahale AtA hai, buddhi-viveka kA piiche| ataH atharvaveda tIna geMdoM se apekSAkRta adhika purAnA honA cAhie / atharvaveda meM lagabhaga sAta sau sATha sUkta haiM jinameM chaH hajAra mantra haiM / pahale kANDa se lekara sAtaveM taka kisI viSaya ke krama se mantra nahIM diye gaye haiN| kevala mantroM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra suktoM kA krama bA~dhA gayA hai| pahale kANDa meM cAra-cAra mantroM kA krama hai, dUsare meM pAMca-pAMca kA tIsare meM chaH-chaH kA, bIce meM sAta-sAta kA, parantu pAMcaveM meM ATha se aThAraha mantroM kA krama hai| chaThe meM tInatIna kA krama hai| sAtaveM meM bahuta se akele mantra hai aura gyAraha gyAraha mantroM taka kA bhI samAveza hai| AThaveM kANDa se lekara bIsaveM taka lambe-lambe sUkta haiM jo saMkhyA meM pacAsa sATha sattara aura assI manvoM taka cale gaye hai| terahaveM kANDa taka viSayoM kA koI krama nahIM rakhA gayA hai, vividha viSaya mile-jule haiM / unameM vizeSa rUpa se prArthanA hai, mantra hai aura prayoga tathA vidhiyA~ haiM, jinase saba taraha ke bhUta-preta, pizAca, asura, rAkSasa, DAkinI, zAkinI, vetAla Adi se rakSA kI jA ske| jAdU-TonA karane vAloM, sarpoM, nAgoM aura hiMsaka jantuoM se tathA rogoM se bacAva hotA rahe, aisI vidhiyA~ haiM / santAna, sarvasAdhAraNa kI rakSA, vizeSa prakAra kI oSadhiyoM meM vizeSa guNoM ke AvAhana, mAraNa, mohana, uccATana, vazIkaraNa Adi prayogoM, saukhya, sampati, vyApAra aura jue Adi kI saphalatA ke lie prArthanAe~ bhI haiM aura mantra bhI haiM / caudahaveM se aThArahaveM taka pA~ca kANDoM meM viSayoM kA krama nizcita hai / caudahaveM kANDa meM vivAha kI rItiyoM kA varNana hai / pandrahaveM, solahaveM aura satrahaveM kANDa meM kucha vizeSa mantra haiM / aThArahaveM meM antyeSTi kriyA kI vidhiyA~ aura pitaroM ke zrAddha kI rItiyA~ haiM / unnIsaveM meM vividha

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atharvasiras-upaniSad-atharvAGgirasaH mantroM kA saMgraha hai| bIsaveM meM indra sambandhI sUkta hai jo isa veda kA nAma atharvaveda par3A / atharvA-RSi ke sambandha Rgveda meM bhI prAyaH Ate haiM / atharvaveda ke bahuta se sUkta, meM eka kiMvadantI bhI hai ki pUrva kAla meM svayaMbhU brahmA lagabhaga saptamAMza, Rgveda meM bhI milate haiN| kahIM-kahIM ne sRSTi ke lie dAruNa tapasyA kI / anta meM unake romato jyoM-ke-tyoM milate haiM aura kahIM-kahIM mahattva ke kupoM se pasIne kI dhArA baha clii| isameM unakA retas pAThAMtara bhI / sRSTi aura brahmavidyA ke bhI aneka rahasya bhI thaa| yaha jala do dhArAoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| usakI isa veda meM jahA~-tahA~ Aye haiM jinakA vistAra aura vikAsa eka dhArA se bhRgu maharSi utpanna hue / apane utpanna karane brAhmaNoM tathA upaniSadoM meM Age calakara haA hai| vAle RSipravara ko dekhane ke lie jaba bhRgu utsuka hue, isa saMhitA meM aneka sthala durUha haiN| aise zabda samUha ___ taba eka devavANI huI jo gopathabrAhmaNa (114) meM dI haiM jinake artha kA patA nahIM lgtaa| bIsaveM kANDa meM, huI hai : 'atharvavAg' evaM 'etaga svedAya svanni ccha' / isa eka sau sattAIsaveM se lekara eka sau chattIsaveM sUkta taka taraha unakA nAma atharvA pdd'aa| dUsarI dhArA se aGgirA 'kUntApa' nAmaka vibhAga meM, vicitra taraha ke sUkta aura nAmaka maharSi kA janma huaa| unhIM se atharvAGgirasoM kI mantra haiM jo brAhmaNAcchaMsI ke dvArA gAye jAte haiN| isameM utpatti huii| kaurama, ruzama, rAji, rohiNa, aitaza, prAtisUtva, maNDarikA atharvajyotiSa-saMskAroM aura yajJoM kI kriyAeM nizcita Adi aise nAma Aye haiM jisakA ThIka-ThIka artha nahIM lgtaa| muhUrtoM para nizcita samayoM meM aura nizcita avadhiyoM ke atharvazirasa-upaniSad (a)-eka pAzupata upnissd| isakA bhItara honI cAhie / muhUrta, samaya aura avadhi kA nirNaya racanAkAla prAyaH mahAbhArata meM ullikhita pAzupata karane ke lie jyotiSa zAstra kA hI eka avalamba hai / mata sambandhI paricchedoM ke racanAkAla ke lagabhaga hai|| isalie pratyeka veda ke sambandha kA jyotiSAGga adhyaisameM pazupati rudra ko sabhI tattvoM meM prathama tattva mAnA yana kA viSaya hotA hai| jyotirvedAGga para tIna pustakeM gayA hai tathA inheM hI antima gantavya athavA lakSya bhI bahata prAcIna kAla kI milatI haiN| pahalI Rk-jyotiSa, batAyA gayA hai| isameM pati, pazu aura pAza kA bho dUsarI yajuH-jyautiSa aura tIsarI atharva-jyotiSa / atharvaullekha hai| 'om' ke pavitra uccAraNa ke sAtha dhyAna jyautiSa ke lekhaka pitAmaha haiN| varAhamihira kI likhI karane kI yogapraNAlI ko isameM mAnyatA dI gayI hai| paJcasiddhAntikA, jise paM0 sudhAkara dvivedI aura DA0 zarIra para bhasma lagAnA pAzapata mata kA Adeza batAyA thobo ne milakara sampAdita karake prakAzita karAyA thA, gayA hai| 'paitAmaha-siddhAnta' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| 'hindustAna athavaMziras-upaniSad (A)-yaha eka smArta upaniSad hai, rivyU' ke 1906 I0, navambara ke aMka meM pRSTha 418 para jo paJcAyatanapUjA ke devoM (viSNu, ziva, durgA, sUrya, kisI ajJAtanAmA lekhaka ne 'pitAmaha-jyautiSa' ke 162 gaNeza) para likhe gaye pA~ca prakaraNoM kA saMgraha hai| paJcA- zloka batalAye haiN| yatanapUjA kaba prArambha huI, isakI tithi nizcita nahIM atharvazIrSa-zAkta mata kA eka grantha, jisameM zakti ke hI kI jA sktii| kintu isa pUjA meM brahmA ke sthAna na pAne stavana haiN| se jJAta hotA hai ki usa samaya taka brahmA kA prabhAva atharvANa:-atharvaveda ke artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga 'aGgisamApta ho cukA thA tathA unakA sthAna gaNeza ne le liyA rasaH' ke samAsa ke sAtha hotA hai| isa prakAra donoM kA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki paJcAyatana pUjA kA yaugika rUpa 'atharvAGgirasaH' bhI atharvaveda ke hI artha meM prArambha zaGkarAcArya ne kiyA, kucha loga kumArila bhaTTa vyavahRta hai| se isakA prArambha batAte haiM, jabaki anya vicArakoM ke atharvAGgirasaH-paravartI brAhmaNoM ke aneka paricchedoM meM anusAra yaha bahuta prAcIna hai| kucha bhI ho, athavaMziras atharvaveda ke isa sAmUhika nAma kA ullekha hai / eka sthAna upaniSad kI racanA avazya paJcAyatana pUjA ke pracAra ke para svayaM atharvaveda meM bhI isakA ullekha hai, jabaki sUtra pazcAt huii| kAla ke pahale 'atharvaveda' zabda nahIM pAyA jaataa| blUmaatharvARSi-atharvaveda ke draSTA RSi / inhIM ke nAma para phIlDa ke mata se yaha samAsa do tattvoM kA nirUpaNa karatA

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22 atharvopaniSad-adeza (Adeza) hai, jo atharvaveda kI viSayavastu ke nirmANakartA hai / isakA vara haiM, jinameM eka to sUkhA rahatA hai parantu dUsare meM jala prathama bhAga prANiyoM ke zubha kAyauM (bheSajAni) kA nirU- bharA rahatA hai| inameM pahalA aditikuNDa aura dUsarA paNa karatA hai, isake viparIta dUsarA jAdU-TonA (yAtu vA sUryakuNDa kahalAtA hai| yahIM para maharSi kazyapa tathA unakI abhicAra) kA / isa mata kI puSTi do paurANika vyaktiyoM patnI aditi kA Azrama thA aura mAtA aditi ne vAmana 'ghora-AGgirasa' evaM 'bhiSak-AGgirasa' ke nAma se evaM bhagavAn ko putra rUpa meM pAyA thaa| paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM uddhata 'atharvANaH' tathA 'AtharvaNAni' aduHkhanavamI-sabake lie, vizeSataH striyoM ke lie, bhAdra ke bheSaja ke sAtha sambandha nirdeza se hotI hai / atharvaveda meM zuklA navamo ko isa vrata kA vidhAna hai| isameM pArvatI bheSaja kA tAtparya atharvaveda ke artha meM evaM zatapathabrAhmaNa kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| de0 vratarAja, 332, 337; meM yAtu kA tAtparya atharvaveda lagAyA gayA hai| ska0 pu0 / baMgAlI mahilAeM avaidhavya ke lie isa vrata atharvopaniSad-isakA bahubhASita nAma 'yAjJikI' tathA kA anuSThAna karatI haiN| 'nArAyaNIyopaniSad' hai / 'atharvopaniSad' nAma draviDa deza, adRSTa-Izvara kI icchA, jo pratyeka AtmA meM gupta rUpa se Andhra pradeza, karNATaka Adi meM pracalita hai| taittirIya- virAjamAna hai, adRSTa kahalAtI hai| bhAgya ko bhI adaSTa AraNyaka kA sAtavA~, AThavA~, nadA~ evaM dasavA~ prapAThaka kahate haiM / mImAMsA darzana ko chor3a anya sabhI hindU darzana brahmavidyA sambandhI hone se 'upaniSad' kahalAtA hai / yaha pralaya meM AsthA rakhate haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika matAnusAra Izvara upaniSad dasavA~ prapAThaka hai| sAyaNAcArya ne isa para / prANiyoM ko vizrAma dene ke lie pralaya upasthita karatA bhASya likhA hai evaM vijJAnAtmA ne eka svatantra vRtti aura hai / AtmA meM, zarIra, jJAna evaM sabhI tattvoM meM virAja'veda-zirobhUSaNa' nAma kI eka alaga vyAkhyA likhI hai| mAna adRSTa zakti usa kAla meM kAma karanA banda kara yAjJikI 'nArAyaNIya-upaniSad' meM brahmatattva kA vivaraNa detI hai (shkti-prtibndh)| phalataH koI nayA zarIra, jJAna hai| zaGkarAcArya ne bhI isakA bhASya likhA hai| athavA anya sRSTi nahIM hotii| phira pralaya karane ke lie adAridraya SaSThI-skanda purANa ke anusAra eka varSa taka adRSTa sabhI paramANuoM meM pArthakya utpanna karatA hai tathA pratyeka SaSThI ko yaha vrata karanA caahie| isameM bhAskara sabhI sthUla padArtha isa kriyA se paramANuoM ke rUpa meM A (sUrya) kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| vratI ko tela evaM lavaNa jAte haiM / isa prakAra alaga hue paramANu tathA AtmA apane tyAganA cAhie tathA brAhmaNa ko khIra (dUdha aura cInI kiye hue dharma, adharma tathA saMskAra ke sAtha niSprANa laTake meM pakA cAvala) khilAnA caahie| isa vrata se parivAra meM na koI daridra utpanna hotA hai aura na daridra banatA hai| punaH sRSTi ke samaya Izvara kI icchA se phira adaSTa aditi-varuNa, mitra evaM aryamA kI mAtA athavA devmaataa| laTake hae paramANuoM evaM AtmAoM meM Andolana utpanna isako svAdhInatA tathA niraparAdhitA kA svarUpa kahA gayA karatA hai| va phira saMgaThita hokara apane kiye hue dharma, hai / bAraha Aditya aditi ke putra mAne jAte haiM / aditi adharma evaM saMskArAnusAra nayA zarIra tathA rUpa dhAraNa kA bhautika AdhAra asImita kSitija hai jisake aura karate haiN| AkAza ke bIca meM bArahoM Aditya bhramaNa karate haiN| adeza (Adeza)-isa zabda kA sambandha kezavacandra sena purANoM meM isa kalpanA kA vistAra se varNana hai| kazyapa tathA brahmasamAja se hai| kezavacandra brahmasamAja ke pramukha kI do patniyA~ thIM---aditi aura diti / aditi se deva netA the, kintu tIna kAraNoM se samAja ne unakA virodha aura diti se daitya utpanna hue| Rgveda (1.89.10) ke / kiyA-unakI ahammanyatA, Adeza kA siddhAnta evaM anusAra aditi nissIma hai / vahI AkAza, vahI vAya, vahI striyoM ko pUrNa svAdhInatA dene kI nIti / unake Adeza mAtA, vahI pitA, vahI sarvadevatA, vahI sarva mAnava, vahI kA artha thA Izvara kA sIdhA Adeza, jo unheM jIvana kI bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSya hai| vibhinna ghar3iyoM meM Izvara se vizeSa rUpa meM prApta hotA . avitikuNDa tathA sUryakuNDa-kurukSetra se pA~ca mIla dUra dillI- thaa| apane anuyAyiyoM dvArA ina AdezoM kA pAlana ve ambAlA relave lAina para amInagrAma ke pUrva meM do saro- Avazyaka samajhate the|

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adbhuta-advaitavAda mr adbhuta-zubhAzubha zakuna kA eka prakAra / vaidika vicAra- isake racayitA nRsiMhAzrama sarasvatI advaita sampradAya ke praNAlI meM chaH zubhAzubha zakuna athavA lakSaNa ullikhita pramukha AcAryoM meM gine jAte haiN| isakA racanAkAla hai-(1) azubha rUpa tathA pazuoM ke kRtya, (2) adbhuta, solahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha honA caahie| arthAt prakRti ke sAmAnya rUpa ke sAtha vibhinna dUsare ugra advaitabrahmasiddhi-advaita mata kA eka prAmANika grantha / rUpa, (3) bhautika cihna (lakSaNa), (4) jyotiSika prakRti isake racayitA kAzmIraka sadAnanda yati kazmIradezIya sambandhI, (5) yajJa kI ghaTanAoM se sambandha rakhane vAle / the| racanAkAla 17vIM zatAbdI hai| isameM pratibimbavAda tathA (6) svapna / evaM avacchinnavAda sambandhI matabhedoM kI vizeSa vivecanA adbhuta gItA-eka saMskRta grantha kA nAma, jo sikkha guru meM na par3akara 'ekabrahmavAda' ko hI vedAnta kA mukhya nAnakadeva (1469-1538) dvArA racita mAnA jAtA hai| siddhAnta batalAyA gayA hai| jaba taka prabala sAdhanA ke adbhuta brAhmaNa-adbhata brAhmaNa kA sambandha sAmaveda se hai|| dvArA jijJAsu aikAtmya kA anubhava nahIM kara letA taba taka isameM apazakuna tathA unake nivAraNa kA varNana hai| vaha isa vAgjAla meM phaMsA rahatA hai, anyathA 'jAte dvaitaM na adbhuta rAmAyaNa-rAmabhakti zAkhA kA eka grantha / iskii| vidyate / racanA adhyAtmarAmAyaNa ke pUrva kI mAnI jAtI hai, advaitaratna-mallanArAdhya kRta solahavIM zatAbdI kA eka kyoMki adhyAtmarAmAyaNa kA racayitA adbhuta rAmAyaNa, prakaraNa grantha / isake Upara 'tattvadIpana' nAmaka TIkA svayaM bhusuNDirAmAyaNa, yogavAsiSTha Adi rAmabhakti viSayaka granthakAra ne likhI hai| mallanArAdhya ne dvaitavAdiyoM ke granthoM se paricita thaa| adbhata rAmAyaNa meM akhila vizva mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie isa grantha kI racanA kI jananI sItAjI ke parAtparA zakti vAle rUpa kI bahata parA zakti vAla rUpa kI bahuta kI thii| sundara stuti kI gayI hai| advaitaratnalakSaNa-madhusUdana sarasvatI racita yaha grantha dvaitaadvayavAdI-bhAratIya dArzanikoM ko moTe taura para tIna bAda kA khaNDana karate hue advaitavAda kI sthApanA karatA zreNiyoM meM rakhA gayA hai : (1) Astika, (2) nAstika aura hai / yaha 17vIM zatAbdI meM racA gayA thaa| (3) advyvaadii| advayavAdI ve dArzanika haiM jo advaita advaitarasamaJjarI-sadAzivendra sarasvatI dvArA aThArahavIM vAda meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM / de0 'advaitavAda' / zatAbdI meM likhI gayI, yaha sarala evaM bhAvapUrNa racanA advaita-yaha zabda a+dvaita se vyutpanna hai, jisakA artha hai hai| yaha prakAzita ho cukI hai| sadAzivendra mahAn dvaita (do ke bhAva) kA abhAva / darzana meM isakA prayoga yogI aura advaitaniSTha mahAtmA the| unake utkRSTa jIvana 'mUla sattA' ke nirdeza ke lie huA hai| isake anusAra kI chApa isa grantha meM parilakSita hotI hai| vastutaH eka hI sattA 'brahma' hai| AtmA aura jagat advaitavAda-vizva ke mUla meM rahanevAlI sattA kI khoja athavA AtmA aura prakRti meM jo dvaita dikhAI par3atA hai darzana kA pramukha viSaya hai| yaha sattA hai athavA nahIM vaha vAstavika nahIM hai; vaha mAyA athavA avidyA kA pari- arthAt yaha sat hai yA asat, bhAvAtmaka hai yA abhAvAtmaka, NAma hai| sampUrNa vizvaprapaJca apane badalate hue dRzyoM ke eka hai athavA do yA aneka ? ye saba prazna darzana meM uThAye sAtha mithyA hai, kevala brahma satya hai| aMtima vizleSaNa meM gaye haiN| ina samasyAoM ke anveSaNa tathA uttara ke aneka AtmA aura brahma bhI eka hI haiM / isa siddhAnta kA poSaNa mArga aura mata haiM, jinase aneka dArzanika vAdoM kA udaya jo darzana karatA hai vaha advaita hai| de0 'vedAnta' aura huA hai / jo sampradAya mUla sattA ko eka mAnate haiM unako 'zaGkarAcArya' / ekatvavAdI kahate haiM / jo mUla sattA ko aneka mAnate haiM advaitacintAkaustubha-advaitavAdI siddhAnta para mahAdeva sara- ve anekatvavAdI, bahutvavAdI, vaipulyavAdI Adi nAmoM se svatI dvArA likhita 'tattvAnusandhAna' ke Upara unhIM ke abhihita haiN| darzana kA inase bhinna eka sampradAya hai dvArA likhI gayI TIkA / isa grantha kA racanAkAla aThAra- jisako 'advaitavAda' kahA jAtA hai| isake anusAra 'sat' havIM zatAbdI hai| na eka hai aura na aneka / vaha agama, agocara, nirguNa, advaitadIpikA-advaita vedAnta kA eka yuktipradhAna grantha / acintya tathA anirvacanIya hai| isakA nAma advaitavAda

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24 advaitavidyAmakura-adhArmika isalie hai ki yaha ekatvavAda aura dvaitavAda donoM kA bhASya' advaitavAda kA sarvaprasiddha prAmANika grantha hai| advaitapratyAkhyAna karatA hai| isakA siddhAnta hai ki sat kA vAda kA jo nikharA haA rUpa hai vAstava meM usake pravartaka nirvacana saMkhyA-eka, do, aneka-se nahIM ho sktaa| zaGkarAcArya hI haiN| de0 'shngkraacaary'| isalie upaniSadoM meM use 'neti neti' ('aimA nahIM', 'aisA advaitavidyAmakura-raGgarAjAdhvarI likhita 'advaitavidyAnahIM) kahA gayA hai| mukura' nyAya-vaizeSika evaM sAMkhyAdi matoM kA khaNDana karake vaha advaita sattA kyA hai ? isake bhI vibhinna uttara advaitamata kI sthApanA karatA hai| isakA racanAkAla haiN| mAdhyamika bauddha ise 'zUnya'; vijJAnavAdI bauddha solahavoM zatI hai| 'vijJAna'; zabdAdvaitavAdI vaiyAkaraNa 'sphoTa' athavA 'zabda'; advaitavidyAvijaya-dodayAcArya dvArA, jinakA pUrA nAma zaiva 'ziva'; zAkta 'zakti' aura advaitavAdI vedAntI 'advaita' doyamahAcArya rAmAnujadAsa hai, yaha grantha solahavIM zatAbdI (Atmatattva) kahate haiN| ina sabhI sampradAyoM meM sabase prasiddha AcArya zaGkara kA AtmAdvaita athavA brahmAdvaita vAda advaitavidyAvilAsa-sadAziva brahmendra racita eka grantha / hai / isake anusAra 'brahma' athavA 'AtmA' ekamAtra sattA advaitasiddhi-madhusUdana sarasvatI-viracita satrahavIM zatAbdI hai| isake atirikta kucha nahIM (sarva khalvidaM brahma neha kA eka atyanta ucca koTi kA dArzanika grantha / isameM dasa nAnAsti kiJcana / ) avidyA ke kAraNa dRzya jagat brahma meM pariccheda haiN| brahmAnanda sarasvatI ne isake Upara 'laghuAropita hai / mAyA dvArA vaha brahma se vivartita hotA hai, candrikA' nAma kI vyAkhyA likhI hai| DaoN0 gaGgAnAtha jhA usI meM sthita rahatA hai aura punaH usI meM lIna ho jAtA dvArA isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI ho cukA hai / yaha grantha hai| zAGkara advaitavAda rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita aura advaita sampradAya kA amUlya ratna hai| vallabhAcArya ke zuddhAdvaita se bhinna hai| advaitAcArya-zrI caitanya deva ke sahayogI eka vaiSNava vidvAn / advaitavAda kA udgama vedoM meM hI prApta hotA hai| inakA koI grantha nahIM milatA kintu Adara ke sAtha inakA Rgveda ke nAsadIya sUkta meM sat aura asat se vilakSaNa katipaya racanAoM meM ullekha haA hai| isase lagatA hai ki sattA kA spaSTa nirdeza pAyA jAtA hai| upaniSadoM meM to ye advaita tattva ke pramukha pravaktA the| vistAra se advaitavAda kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| advaitAnanda-'brahmavidyAbharaNa'-kAra svAmI advaitAnanda kA chAndogya upaniSad meM kevala AtmA aura brahma ko hI ullekha sadAziva brahmendra racita 'gururatnamAlikA' nAmaka vAstavika mAnA gayA hai aura jagat ke samasta prapaJca ko grantha meM haA hai| svAmI advaitAnanda kAJcIpITha ke zaMkarAvAcArambhaNa (nirarthaka zabda mAtra) vikAra kahA gayA hai| cAryapadAsIna adhIzvara the| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM nAnAtva kA khaNDana karake (neti adharma-dharma kA abhAva' athavA dharmavirodhI tattva / bhAganeti) kevala ekamAtra AtmA ko hI satya siddha kiyA gayA vata purANa ke anusAra yaha brahmA ke pRSTha se utpanna huA hai| mANDUkya upaniSad meM bhI Atma-brahmadvaita pratipAdita hai| veda aura purANa ke viruddha AcAra ko adharma kahate haiN| kiyA gayA hai / upaniSadoM ke pazcAt bAdarAyaNa ke 'brahma- isase kucha samaya taka unnati hotI hai, parantu anta meM sUtra' meM prathama vAra advaitavAda kA kramabaddha evaM zAstrIya adharmI naSTa ho jAtA hai : pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM bhagavAn adharmeNaidhate rAjana tato bhadrANi pazyati / kRSNa ne AtmAnubhUti ke AdhAra para advaita kA sAragarbhita tataH sapatnAn jayati samUlastu vinazyati / / vivecana kiyA hai / upaniSad, brahmasUtra aura gItA ye hI he rAjan ! manuSya adharma se bar3hatA hai taba sampatti ko tIna advaitavAda ke prasthAna haiM / isake atirikta AcArya pAtA hai / pazcAt zatruoM ko jItatA hai / anta meM samUla zaGkara ke dAdAguru gauDapAdAcArya ne apane mANDUkyopa- naSTa ho jAtA hai| ] niSad ke bhASya meM advaitamata kA samarthana kiyA hai| svayaM adhArmika-adharmI, adharmAtmA athavA pApI : zaGkarAcArya ne tInoM prasthAnoM-upaniSad, brahmasUtra aura yastu paJcamahAyajJavihInaH sa nirAkRtaH / gItA para bhASya likhA / brahmasUtra para zaGkara kA 'zArIraka adhArmikaH syAd vRSalaH avakIrNI kSatavratI / /

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adhimAsa-anyAropa [jo paJca mahAyajJa nahIM karatA vaha patita ho jAtA anAtmavAda-AtmA kI sattA ko svIkAra na karanA, athavA hai; adhArmika, vRSala, nindita aura vrata se kSINa ho jAtA zarIrAnta ke sAtha AtmA kA bhI nAza mAna lenA / jisa hai| ] smRtiyoM ke anusAra adhArmika grAma meM nahIM rahanA darzana meM 'AtmA' ke astitva kA niSedha kiyA gayA ho caahie| usako anAtmavAdI darzana kahate haiM / cArvAka darzana AtmA adhimAsa-do ravisaMkrAntiyoM ke madhya meM hone vAlA candra- ke astitva kA sarvathA virodha karatA hai / ataH vaha pUrA mAsa / ravisaMkAnti se zUnya, zukla pratipadA se lekara mahIne ucchedavAdI hai| parantu gautama buddha kA anAtmavAda isase kI pUrNimA taka isakI avadhi hai / isake paryAya haiM adhika- bhinna hai / vaha vedAnta ke zAzvata AtmavAda aura cArvAkoM mAsa, asaMkrAntimAsa, malamAsa, malimluca aura vinAmaka ke ucchedavAda donoM ko nahIM mAnatA hai / zAzvata AtmavAda (malamAsatattva) / isako puruSottamamAsa bhI kahA jAtA kA artha hai ki AtmA nitya, kUTastha, cirantana tathA eka hai| isameM kathA, vArtA, dhArmika kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiN| rUpa hai| ucchedavAda ke anusAra AtmA kA astitva hI adhivAsa-anyatra jAkara rahanA / dhUpadAnAdi saMskAra dvArA nahIM hai| yaha eka prakAra kA bhautika AtmavAda hai / buddha ne bhAvita karanA bhI adhivAsa kahalAtA hai| usake dravya haiM : ina donoM ke bIca eka madhyama mArga calAyA / unakA anA(1)miTTI, (2) candana, (3) zilA, (4) dhAnya, (5) dUrvA, tmavAda abhautika anAtmavAda hai| upaniSadoM kA 'neti (6) puSpa, (7) phala, (8) dahI, (9) ghI, (10) svastika, neti' sUtra pakar3a kara unhoMne kahA, "rUpa AtmA nahIM hai| (11) sindura, (12) zaGka, (13) kajjala, (14) rocanA, vedanA AtmA nahIM hai / saMjJA AtmA nahIM hai| saMskAra (15) zveta sarSapa, (16) svarNa, (17) cA~dI, (18) tA~bA, AtmA nahIM hai / vijJAna AtmA nahIM hai / ye pA~ca skandha (19) camara, (20) darpaNa, (21) dIpa aura (22) prazasta haiM, AtmA nhiiN|" bhagavAn buddha ne AtmA kA Atyantika pAdapa / kinhI granthoM meM zveta sarSapa ke sthAna para tathA niSedha nahIM kiyA, kintu use avyAkRta prazna mAnA / kahIM camara ke sthAna para pakA huA anna kahA gayA hai| adhyAtmarAmAyaNa-vAlmIkirAmAyaNa ke atirikta eka adhyagni-vivAha ke avasara para agni ke samIpa patnI ke 'adhyAtma rAmAyaNa' bhI prasiddha hai, jo zivajI kI racanA lie diyA gayA dhana : kahI jAtI hai / kucha vidvAn ise vedavyAsa kI racanA batavivAhakAle yat strIbhyo dIyate hyagnisannidhau / lAte haiM / aThArahoM purANoM meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA AyI hai / tadadhyagnikRtaM sadbhiH strIdhanantu prakIrtitam / / kahA jAtA hai ki brahmANDa purANa meM jo rAmAyaNI kathA (dAyabhAga meM kAtyAyana) hai vahI alaga karake 'avyAtmarAmAyaNa' ke nAma se prakA[vivAha ke samaya agni ke samIpa strI ke lie jo dhana zita kI gayI hai| diyA jAtA hai use adhyagnikRta strIdhana kahate haiN| adhyAtmopaniSad-hemacandraracita 'yogazAstra' athavA 'adhyAadhyayana-guru ke mukha se yathAkrama zAstravacana sunnaa| tmopaniSad' gyArahavIM zatAbdI kA dArzanika grantha hai| brAhmaNoM ke chaH karmoM ke antargata adhyayana AtA hai / anya adhyApana-pAThana (vidyAdAna yA pddh'aanaa)| yaha brAhmaNoM ke vargoM ke lie bhI adhyayana kartavya hai| chaH karmoM ke antargata eka hai : avyAtmakalpadruma-munisundarakRta 'adhyAtmakalpadruma' 13 adhyApanamadhyayanaM yajanaM yAjanaM tathA / 80-1447 I0 ke madhya kI racanA hai / isameM dArzanika dAnaM pratigrahazcaiva SaTakarmANyagrajanmanaH / / praznoM kA sundara vivecana kiyA gayA hai / (manusmRti) adhyAtma-yaha zabda adhi + Atman do zabdoM ke yoga se banA [adhyApana, adhyayana, yajJa karanA, yajJa karAnA, dAna denA, hai| bhagavadgItA meM isakA prayoga ekAntika sattA ke lie dAna lenA ye chaH brAhmaNoM ke karma haiN| yaha brAhmaNa kA huA hai (a0 8 zloka 3) / amerikI vedAntI imarsana ne viziSTa karma hai / anya voM ko isakA adhikAra nahIM hai, isakA artha adhIzvara AtmA (ovara sola) kiyA hai| yadyapi brAhmaNetara santa-mahAtmAoM ko upadeza kA vAstava meM jo padArtha kSara athavA nazvara jagat se Upara arthAt pare hai usako adhyAtma kahate haiM / adhyAropa-vastu meM avastu kA Aropa / saccidAnanda,

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26 adhyAsavAda-anaGga ananta, akhaNDa brahma meM ajJAna aura usake kArya samasta ho| zrauta aura smArta karmahIna puruSa ko anagni kahate haiM / jar3a samUha kA Aropa karanA adhyAropa kahalAtA hai| sarpa saMnyAsI ko bhI anagni kahA gayA hai, jo gRhastha ke lie na hote hue bhI rassI meM sarpa kA Aropa karane ke samAna / vihita karma ko chor3a detA hai aura kevala Atmacintana meM yaha prakriyA hai (vedaantsaar)| rata rahatA hai: adhyAsavAda-AcArya zaGkara ne brahmasUtra kA bhASya likhate agnInAtmani vaitAnAn samAropya yathAvidhi / samaya sabase pahale AtmA aura anAtmA kA vivecana kiyA anagniraniketaH syAnmanirmalaphalAzanaH / / hai / yadi sUkSma dRSTi se dekhA jAya to sampUrNa prapaJca ko (manusmRti) do pradhAna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-draSTA [vaitAnAdi agniyoM ko AtmA meM vidhipUrvaka sthApita aura dRzya / eka vaha tattva jo sampUrNa pratItiyoM kA anubhava karake agnirahita tathA ghararahita hokara muni mUla-phala kA karanevAlA hai aura dUsarA vaha jo anubhava kA viSaya hai| sevana kre| ] inameM samasta pratItiyoM ke carama sAkSI kA nAma 'AtmA' anaghASTamIvrata-mArgazIrSa kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA hai aura jo kucha usakA viSaya hai vaha saba 'anAtmA' hai| anu ThAna hotA hai / darbhI ke bane hae anagha tathA anaghI Atmatattva nitya, nizcala, nirvikAra, asaGga, kUTastha, eka kA pUjana, jo vAsudeva tathA lakSmI ke pratIka haiM, 'ato aura nivizeSa hai| buddhi se lekara sthalabhUta paryanta jitanA devA" .. '(Rk 22-16) mantra ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| bhI prapaJca hai usakA AtmA se kucha bhI sambandha nahIM hai| zUdroM ke dvArA namaskAra mAtra kiyA jAtA hai / de0 bhaviSyoajJAna ke kAraNa hI deha aura indriyAdi se apanA tAdA- tara purANa, 58, 1; hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1. 813-14 / tmya svIkAra kara jIva apane ko andhA, kAnA, mUrkha, anaGga-aGgarahita, kAmadeva kA paryAya hai| kAma kA vidvAn, sukhI-duHkhI tathA kartA-bhoktA mAnatA hai| isa janma citta yA mana meM mAnA jAtA hai| use AtmabhU evaM prakAra buddhi Adi ke sAtha jo AtmA kA tAdAtmya ho cittajanmA bhI kahate haiM / sAhitya meM kAma ko prema kA rahA hai use AcArya ne 'adhyAsa' zabda se nirUpita kiyA devatA kahA gayA hai / isake manmatha, madana, kandarpa, smara, hai| AcArya ke siddhAntAnusAra sampUrNa prapaJca kI satyatva anaGga Adi paryAya haiN| prArambha meM kAma kA artha 'icchA' pratIti adhyAsa athavA mAyA ke kAraNa hotI hai / isI se liyA jAtA thA, vaha bhI na kevala zArIrika apitu avaitavAda ko adhyAsavAda athavA mAyAvAda bhI kahate haiN| sAdhAraNatayA sabhI acchI vastuoM kI icchaa| atharvaveda isakA tAtparya yahI hai ki jitanA bhI dRzyavarga hai vaha saba (9.2) meM kAma ko icchA ke mAnuSIkaraNa rUpa meM mAnamAyA ke kAraNa hI satya-sA pratIta hotA hai, vastutaH eka, kara jagAyA gayA hai / kintu usI veda ke dUsare mantra meM akhaNDa, zuddha, cinmAtra brahma hI satya hai| (3.25) use zArIrika prema kA devatA mAnA gayA hai aura adhvara-adhva - sanmArga, ra = denevAlA, arthAt yajJakarma / isI kriyA ke artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga purANAdi granthoM athavA jahA~ hiMsA, krodha Adi kuTila karma na hoM (na+ meM huA hai / usake mAtA-pitA kA vividhatA se varNana hai, dhvara = (adhvara) sarala, svaccha, zubha karma : kintu prAyaH use dharma evaM lakSmI kI santAna kahA gayA 'tamadhvare vizvajiti kSitIzam' (rghu0)| hai| usakI patnI kA nAma 'rati' hai jo zArIrika bhoga 'imaM yajJamavatAdadhvaraM naH' (yajuH) / kA pratIka hai / usakA mitra 'madhu' hai jo vasanta kA prathama adhvaryu-yajJoM meM devatAoM ke stutimantroM ko jo purohita mAsa hai / kAma ke do putroM kA bhI ullekha AtA hai, ve haiM gAtA thA use 'udgAtA' kahate the| jo purohita yajJa kA harSa evaM yaza / pradhAna hotA thA vaha hotA' kahalAtA thaa| usake sahAya- kAma sambandhI sAmagrI kI puSTi usake astra-zastroM se tArtha eka tIsarA purohita hotA thA jo hAtha se yajJoM kI bhalI-bhA~ti ho jAtI hai / vaha puSpanirmita dhanuSa dhAraNa kriyAeM hotA ke nirdezAnusAra kiyA karatA thaa| yahI karatA hai (puSpadhanvA) / isa dhanuSa kI DorI bhramaroM kI sadasya 'adhvaryu' kahalAtA thaa| banI hotI hai aura bANa bhI puSpoM ke hI hote haiM (kusumaanagni-jo zrauta aura smArta agniyoM meM homa na karatA shr)| ye bANa prema ke devatA ke 'zoSaNa' evaM 'mohana'

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anaGgatrayodazI-anantanAga Adi karmoM ke pratIka hai| usake dhvaja para matsya (makara 'sarvatobhadra maNDala' kA nirmANa, usa para kalaza kI athavA matsyaketu) hai, jo 'prajanana' kA pratIka hai| sthApanA, jisa para eka nAga jisake sAta phaNa hoM aura anaGga kI eka dusarI paurANika vyAkhyA kAlidAsa ke jo darbha kA banA ho, rakhA jAtA hai / isake samakSa 14 'kumArasaMbhava' kAvya meM pAyI jAtI hai| kAmadeva pahale gA~ThoM se yukta Doraka rakhA jAtA hai| kalaza ke Upara aGgavAn (sazarIra) thA / ziva ko jItane ke lie pArvatI Doraka kI paurANika mantroM evaM puruSasUkta ke pATha ke sAtha ke samakSa jaba vaha apanA bANa una para chor3anA cAhatA thA, 16 upacAroM se pUjA kI jAtI hai| Doraka ke caturdaza taba ziva ke tIsare netra kI krodhAgni se vaha jalakara bhasma devatA, viSNu se lekara vasu taka, jagAye jAte haiN| phira ho gayA : aGgoM kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, jo pAda se Arambha hokara krodhaM prabho saMhara saMhareti yAvad giraH khe marutAM crnti| Upara taka pahu~catI hai / mantra yaha hai : 'anantAya namaH pAdau tAvahi vahnirbhavanetrajanmA bhasmAvazeSa madanaM cakAra / / pUjayAmi' / phira eka aJjali puSpa viSNu ke mantra ke sAtha isake pazcAt madana (kAmadeva) anaGga (zarIrarahita) ho / car3hAye jAte haiN| phira ananta kI prArthanA sahita 'Doraka' gayA / parantu usakI zakti pahale se adhika ho gyii| vaha ko bAhu para bA~dhanA, purAne 'Doraka' ko tyAganA Adi aba sampUrNa vizva meM vyApta ho gayA / kriyAeM kI jAtI haiN| anaGgatrayodazI-(1) mArgazIrSa zukla trayodazI se prArambha isa vrata meM namaka kA parityAga karanA par3atA hai| kara eka varSaparyanta yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| isameM zambhu vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isa vrata ko 14 varSa karane se kI pUjA hotI hai, unako paJcAmRta se snAna karAyA jAtA 'viSNuloka' kI prApti hotI hai| hai / anaGga ko zivajI kA svarUpa mAnA jAtA hai aura anantajJAna-gautamalikhita 'pitamedhasUtra' para anantajJAna bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se, bhinna-bhinna puSpoM tathA naivedya se ne TIkA likhI hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra ye gautama usakA bhI pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / / nyAyasUtra ke racane vAle maharSi gautama hI haiN| (2) kisI AcArya ke anusAra caitra aura bhAdra zukla ananta tRtIyA-bhAdrapada, vaizAkha athavA mArgazIrSa zukla trayodazI ko yaha vrata hotA hai| eka bAra athavA varSa bhara ko tRtIyA se prArambha kara eka varSa paryanta isakA vrata pratyeka mAsa bAraha bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se citraphalaka pr| kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka mAsa meM vibhinna puSpoM se gaurIpUjA hotI hai| de0 hemAdri kA vratakhaNDa, 2. 8-9; pUjana hotA hai| de0 hemAdri kA vratakhaNDa, 422-426; puruSArthacintAmaNi, 223; nirNaya sindhu, 88 / padmapurANa; kRtyaratnAkara, 265-270 / anaGgadAnavrata-vezyA ke lie hasta, puSya athavA punarvasu ananta dvAdazI-isake vrata meM bhAdra zukla dvAdazI se prArambha nakSatra yukta ravivAsarIya vrata / isameM viSNu tathA kAmadeva kara eka varSa paryanta haripUjA kI jAtI hai| de0 viSNukA pUjana hotA hai| de0 kAmadeva kI stuti ke lie dharmottara purANa, 3-214-1-5; hemAdri, vratakhaNDa 1, ApastambasmRti, zloka 13; matsyapurANa, adhyAya 70 1200-1201 (vissnnurhsy)| padmapurANa, 23, 74. 146 / / anantadeva-jIvanakAla 17vIM zatAbdI / inake pitA ananta-jisakA vinAza aura anta nahIM hotaa| isakA 'Apadeva' the jinhoMne 'mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza' (dUsarA nAma paryAya zeSa bhI hai / baladeva ko bhI ananta kahA gayA hai| ApodevI) kI racanA kI thii| anantadeva racita 'smRtiavyakta prakRti kA nAma bhI ananta hai, jisa para viSNu kaustubha' prakaraNa grantha hai, jo mImAMsA ke siddhAntoM kA bhagavAna zayana karate haiM / isIlie unako 'anantazAyI' prayoga batalAtA hai| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM isa grantha bhI kahate haiN| kA pracAra hai| anantacaturdazI-bhAdrapada zukla caturdazI / bhaviSya purANa ke anantadeva (bhASyakAra)-'vAjasaneyI saMhitA' ke bhASyakAroM anusAra isakA vrata 14 varSa taka karanA cAhie / agni- meM anantadeva bhI eka haiN| purANa, bhaviSyottara purANa evaM tithitattva Adi meM ananta- anantanAga-kazmIra kA eka tIrtha, jo pahalagA~va se sAta pUjA kA vivaraNa hai| pUjA meM sarvaprathama saMkalpa, phira mIla para sthita hai| yahA~ DAkabaMgalA hai kintu mele ke

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28 janantaphalA saptamI-anazana dinoM meM bhIr3a adhika hotI hai| usa samaya tambU lagAkara de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 2, pRSTha 667-671; viSNudharmAttara ThaharanA par3atA hai| tambU pahalagAMva se kirAye para le purANa 173, 1-30 / jAnA hotA hai| Age candanavAr3I se zeSanAga kI tIna anantAcArya-ye yAdavagiri ke samIpa melakoTa meM rahate the mIla kar3I car3hAI hai / zeSanAga jhIla kA saundarya adbhuta hai| tathA 'zrutaprakAzikA' ke racayitA sudarzanasUri ke pazcAt anantaphalA saptamI-isa vrata meM bhAdra zukla saptamI se lagabhaga solahavIM zatAbdI meM hue the| inhoMne apane grantha prArambha kara eka varSaparyanta sUrya kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| 'brahmalakSaNa nirUpaNa' meM 'zrutaprakAzikA' kA ullekha kiyA de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa 1, 741; bhaviSyapurANa; kRtya hai| inhoMne rAmAnuja mata kA samarthana karane ke lie bahata kalpataru; vratakANDa 148-149 / se granthoM kI racanA kara akSaya kIrti kA arjana kiyaa| inake granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra haiM-jJAnayathArthavAda, ananta mizra-ur3iyA bhASA meM mahAbhArata kA bhASAntara karane vAle lokapriya vidvAn / Aja se eka hajAra varSa pratijJAvAdArtha, brahmapadazaktivAda, brahmalakSaNanirUpaNa, viSayatAvAda, mokSakAraNatAvAda, zarIravAda, zAstrArambhapahale logoM ko yaha AvazyakatA pratIta ho cukI thI ki samarthana, zAstrakyavAda, saMvidekatvAnumAnanirAsavAdArtha, saddharma evaM sadAcAra tathA jJAna-vijJAna kI jo vidhi saMskRta samAsavAda, samAnAdhikaraNavAda aura siddhAntasiddhAJjana / meM nihita hai use usa kAla kI prAkRta bhASAoM meM janatA ina saba granthoM se AcArya kI dArzanikatA evaM pANDitya ke lie sulabha banAyA jAya / yaha kAma bhArata meM sarvatra ___ kA pUrA paricaya milatA hai| hone lgaa| isa Andolana ke phalasvarUpa tamila, telugu, anandAnavamI vrata-isa vrata meM phAlguna zukla navamI se kannar3a, malayAlama, ba~galA, marAThI Adi bhASAoM meM prArambha kara eka varSaparyanta devI-pUjA kI jAtI hai / de0 saMskRtagranthoM kA anuvAda huaa| ur3iyA prAkRta meM mahA kRtyakalpataru; vratakANDa, 299-301; hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, bhArata kA rUpAntara kaI lekhakoM ne kiyaa| inameM ananta 1, 948-950 / mizra eka prasiddha bhASAntarakAra the| ananya-(1) paramAtmA athavA vizvajanIna cetanA se vyaktiananta vrata- ananta devatA kA vrata / bhAdrapada kI zukla gata AtmA ke abheda ke siddhAnta ko ananyatA kahate haiM / caturdazI ko anantadeva kA vrata karanA cAhie / mAhAtmya (2) yaha bhakti kA bhI eka prakAra hai, jisake anusAra nimnAGkita hai : bhakta eka bhagavAn ke atirikta anya kisI para avalambita anantavratametaddhi sarvapApaharaM zubham / nahIM hotA hai| sarvakAmapradaM nRNAM strINAJcaiva yudhiSThira / / ananyAnubhava-eka siddha saMnyAsI mhaatmaa| inakA jIvanatathA zuklacaturdazyAM mAsi bhAdrapade bhaveta / kAla dasavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt tathA teraTa vIM zatAbdI ke tasyAnuSThAnamAtreNa sarvapApaM praNazyati / pahale mAnA jA sakatA hai| inako brahma sAkSAtkAra huA [ yaha ananta vrata saba pApoM kA vinAza karane vAlA thA-aisA inake ziSya prakAzAtmayati ke advaitavAdI grantha tathA zubha hai / he yudhiSThira ! yaha puruSoM tathA striyoM ko 'paJcapAdikA-vivaraNa' se jJAta hotA hai| prakAzAtmayati saba kAmoM kI siddhi detA hai| bhAdrapada ke zukla pakSa kI ne likhA hai ki guru se brahmavidyA prApta karake granthacaturdazI ko vrata karane mAtra se saba pApa naSTa ho racanA kI hai| jAte haiM / anakaM vrata-mArgazIrSa zukla pratipadA ko yaha Rtuvrata eka anya matAnusAra yaha mArgazIrSa mAsa meM taba prArambha kiyA jAtA hai| isakA anuSThAna do RtuoM (hemanta tathA kiyA jAtA hai , jisa dina mRgazirA nakSatra ho| eka varSa zizira) meM hotA hai| isameM kezavapUjA kI jAtI hai / 'oM paryanta isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| pratyeka mAsa meM bhinna namaH kezavAya' mantra kA 108 bAra japa kiyA jAtA hai| bhinna nakSatrAnusAra pUjana hotA hai| yathA, pauSa meM puSya de0 hemAdri, vatakhaNDa, 2, 839-42; viSNurahasya / nakSatra meM tathA mAgha meM maghA nakSatra meM / isI taraha anya anazana-(1) bhojana kA abhAva, ise upavAsa bhI kahate mAsoM meM bhI samajhanA caahie| yaha vrata putradAyaka hai| haiN| yaha eka dhArmika kriyA hai jo zarIra aura mana kI

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anasUyA-aniruddha 29 zuddhi ke lie kI jAtI hai| vrata athavA anuSThAna meM anazana kiyA jAtA hai| bahuta-se loga marane ke kucha dina pUrva se anazana karate haiN| maraNAnta anazana ko 'prAyopavezana' bhI kahate haiM / yaha jaina sampradAya meM adhika pracalita hai| (2) puruSasUkta ke cauthe mantra meM (tato vizvaG vyakrAmat, arthAt yaha nAnA prakAra kA jagat usI puruSa ke sAmarthya utpanna haA hai) isa zabda kA ullekha hai evaM isa jagata ke do vibhAga kiye gaye haiM : 'sAzana' (cetana) jo bhojanAdi ke lie ceSTA karatA hai aura jIva se yukta hai aura dUsarA 'anazana' (jar3a) jo apane bhojana ke lie ceSTA nahIM sonA karatA aura svayaM dUsare kA azana (bhojana) hai| (3) Ajakala rAjanItika athavA sAmAjika sAdhana ke rUpa meM bhI isakA upayoga hotA hai / apanI bAta athavA Agraha manavAne ke jaba anya sAdhana asaphala ho jAte haiM taba isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| anasUyA-(1) eka dhArmika guNa, asUyA kA abhAva / isakA lakSaNa bRhaspati ne diyA hai : na guNAn guNino hanti stauti mandaguNAnapi / nAnyadoSeSu ramate sAnasUyA prakIrtitA // (ekAdazI tattva) [ guNiyoM ke guNoM kA virodha na karanA, alpa guNa vAloM kI bhI prazaMsA karanA, dUsaroM ke doSoM ko na dekhanA anasUyA hai|] (2) atri muni kI patnI kA nAma bhI anasUyA hai| bhAgavata ke anusAra ye kardama muni kI kanyA thiiN| vAlmIkirAmAyaNa meM sItA aura anasUyA kA atri-Azrama meM saMvAda pAyA jAtA hai| annakUTotsava-kArtika zukla pratipadA yA dvitIyA ko yaha utsava manAyA jAtA hai| yaha govardhana pUjana kA hI eka aGga hai / isa dina miSThAnna athavA vividha pakavAnoM kA kUTa (parvata) prastuta kara usakA bhagavAn ko samarpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| anAdi-Adirahita (an + Adi) / prakRti aura puruSa donoM ko anAdi kahA gayA hai : prakRti puruSaJcaiva viddhayanAdI ubhAvapi / (gItA) anAmA (anAmikA)-brahmA kA sira chedana kara dene para bhI jisakA nAma nindita nahIM hai use anAmA kahate haiN| purANoM ke anusAra isa aMgali se ziva ne brahmA kA zirazcheda kiyA thaa| yaha pavitra mAnI jAtI hai, dhArmika kRtya karate samaya isI aMguli meM pavitrI dhAraNa kI jAtI hai| anAhata-(1) jisa vastra kA khaNDa, dhulanA aura bhoga nahIM huA hai, korA / dhArmika kRtyoM meM aise hI vastra ko dhAraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| (2) tantrokta chaH cakroM ke antargata caturtha cakra, jo hRdaya meM sthita, ka se lekara Tha taka ke varSoM se yukta, udita hote hue sUrya ke samAna prakAzamAna, bAraha paMkhur3iyoM vAle kamala ke AkAra vAlA, madhya meM hajAroM sUryoM ke tulya prakAzamAna aura brahmadhvani se zabdAyamAna hai : zabdo brahmamayaH zabdo'nAhato yatra dRzyate / anAhatAkhyaM tatpadmaM munibhiH parikIrtitam / / [ jahA~ para zabda brahmamaya hai aura anAhata dikhAI detA hai, usa padma ko muniyoM ne anAhata kahA hai| ] haThayoga meM jaba sAdhaka kuNDalinI ko jAgRta kara use UrdhvamukhI kara letA hai, usake udgamana ke samaya jo visphoTa hotA hai vaha nAda kahalAtA hai / yaha nAda anAhata rUpa se samasta vizva meM vyApta hai| yaha piNDa meM bhI vartamAna rahatA hai, kintu mUDha ajJAnI puruSa usako suna nahIM sakatA / jaba haThayoga kI kriyA se suSumnA nAr3I kA mArga khula jAtA hai taba yaha nAda sunAI par3ane lagatA hai jo kaI prakAra se sunAI detA hai, jaise samudragarjana, meghagarjana, zaGkhadhvani, ghaNTAdhvani, kiGkiNI, vaMzI, bhramaraguJjana Adi / upAdhi yukta hone ke kAraNa yaha nAda sAta svaroM meM vibhakta ho jAtA hai, jinake dvArA jagat ke vividha zabda sunAI par3ate haiM / yaha nirupAdhi hokara 'praNava' athavA 'oMkAra' kA rUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / isI ko zabdabrahma bhI kahate haiM / santoM ne isako 'sohaM' kahA hai| aniruddha-(1) pradyumna (kAmadeva) kA putra / isakA paryAya hai uSApati / yaha bhagavAn ke cAra vyUhoM ke antargata eka vyUha hai / isase sRSTi hotI hai : tamaso brahmasambhUtaM tamomUlAmRtAtmakam / tad vizvabhAvasaMjJAntaM pauruSoM tanumAzritam / / so'niruddha iti proktastat pradhAnaM pracakSate / tadavyaktamiti jJeyaM triguNaM nRpasattama / / vidyAsahAyavAn devo viSvakseno hariH prabhuH / apsveva zayanaJcakre nidrAyogamupAgataH / /

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aniruddhavRtti-anIzvaravAda (sAMkhya kA) jagatazcintayan sRSTi mahAnAtmaguNaH smRtaH / / ke zUnyatAsiddhAnta se yaha milatA-julatA hai / isIlie (mahAbhArata, mokSadharma0) AcArya zaGkara ko pracchanna bauddha kahA jAne lgaa| [ tamoguNa ke dvArA brahma se utpanna, tamoguNa mUlaka, anirvacanIyatAsarvasva-naiSadhacarita mahAkAvya ke racayitA amRta se yukta, vizva nAmaka vaha puruSa ke zarIra meM sthita zrIharSa dvArA racita 'khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya' kA hI anya hai| use aniruddha kahate haiN| usase triguNAtmaka avyakta ___ nAma 'anirvacanIyatAsarvasva' hai / isameM advaita vedAntamata ke kI utpatti huI / vidyAoM ke bala se yukta deva viSvaksena sivA nyAya, sAMkhya Adi sabhI darzanoM kA khaNDana huA hai, prabhu hari ne saMsAra ke sarjana kI cintA karate hae jala meM vizeSa kara udayanAcArya ke nyAyamata kA / svAmI zaGkarAzayana kiyA aura ve yoganidrA ko prApta he| yaha cArya kA mAyAvAda anirvacanIya khyAti ke Upara hI mahattattva (buddhitattva) AtmA kA guNa hai|] avalambita hai| unake siddhAntAnusAra kArya aura kAraNa (2) mahAbhArata, mokSadharma parva ke nArAyaNIya khaNDa meM vyUha bhinna, abhinna tathA bhinnAbhinna bhI nahIM hai, apitu anirva(prasAra) siddhAnta kA varNana hai| isa siddhAnta ke anusAra canIya haiN| zrIharSa ne khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya meM isa mata ke vAsudeva (viSNu) se saMkarSaNa, saMkarSaNa se pradyumna, pradyumna sabhI vipakSoM kA bar3I saphalatA ke sAtha khaNDana kiyA hai| se aniruddha tathA aniruddha se brahmA kA udbhava huA hai| sAtha hI jina pramANoM dvArA ve loga apanA pakSa siddha saMkarSaNa tathA anya tIna kA sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra karate haiM una pratyakSAdi pramANoM kA bhI khaNDana karate hue saSTitattva ke rUpa meM nirUpaNa hotA hai| vAsUdeva ko aprameya, advitIya evaM akhaNDa vastu kI sthApanA unhoMne parama satya (paramAtmA), saMkarSaNa ko prakRti, pradyumna ko kI hai| manasa, aniruddha ko ahaMkAra evaM brahmA ko paMcabhatoM ke anIzvaravAda (sAMkhya kA)-yogadarzanakAra pataJjali ne rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| AtmA aura jagat ke sambandha meM sAMkhyadarzana ke siddhAntoM yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki isa siddhAnta ke pIche kyA kA hI pratipAdana evaM samarthana kiyA hai| unhoMne bhI ve artha chipA hai| vAsudeva kRSNa haiM, balarAma yA sakarSaNa hI pacIsa tattva mAne haiM jo sAMkhyakAra ne mAne haiM / isalie yoga evaM sAMkhya donoM darzana moTe taura para eka hI samajhe unake bhAI haiM, pradyumna unake putra tathA aniruddha unake pautra jAte haiM, kintu yogadarzanakAra ne kapila kI apekSA eka haiM / ho sakatA hai ki ye tInoM devoM ke rUpa meM pUje jAte rahe hoM aura pIche inakA sambandha kRSNa se sthApita kara aura chabbIsavA~ tattva 'puruSa vizeSa' athavA Izvara bhI mAnA hai / isa prakAra ye sAMkhya ke anIzvaravAda se baca vyUha-siddhAnta kA nirmANa kara liyA gayA ho / aitihAsika gaye hai| sAMkhyadarzana satkAryavAda siddhAnta ko mAnatA hai| puruSoM ke daivIkaraNa kA yaha eka udAharaNa hai| tadanusAra aisI koI bhI vastu utpanna nahIM ho sakatI, jo aniruddhavRtti-aniruddha racita 'sAMkhyasUtravRtti' kA hI pahale se astitva meM na ho / kAraNa kA artha kevala phala anya nAma 'aniruddhavRtti' hai| isakA racanAkAla 1500 ko spaSTa rUpa denA hai athavA apane meM sthita kucha guNoM ke I0 ke lagabhaga hai| rUpa ko vyakta karanA hai| pariNAma kI utpatti kevala anirvacanIya-nirvacana ke ayogya, anirvAcya athavA kAraNa ke bhItarI parivartana se, usake paramANuoM kI nayI vAkyAgamya / vedAntasAra meM kathana hai : vyavasthA ke kAraNa hotI hai| kevala kAraNa evaM pariNAma 'sadasadbhyAmanirvacanIyaM triguNAtmaka bhAvarUpaM jJAna ke madhya kI eka sAdhAraNa bAdhA dUra karane mAtra se manovirodhi yat kiJciditi vadanti / ' vAMchita phala prApta hotA hai / kArya sat hai, vaha kAraNa meM [sat-asat ke dvArA akathanIya, triguNAtmaka bhAvarUpa, pahale se upasthita hai, pariNAma lAne kI ceSTA ke pUrva bhI jJAna kA virodhI jo kucha hai use anirvacanIya kahate haiN|] pariNAma kAraNa meM upasthita rahatA hai, yathA alasI meM vedAnta darzana meM paramatattva brahma ko bhI anirvacanIya tela, patthara meM mUrti, dUdha meM dahI evaM dahI meM makkhana / kahA gayA hai, jisakA nirUpaNa nahIM ho sktaa| isa 'kAraka vyApAra' kevala phala ko Avirbhata karatA hai, jo siddhAnta ko anirvacanIyatAvAda kahate haiN| mAdhyamika bauddhI pahale tirohita thaa|

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anukramaNikA-anupadasUtra sAMkhyamatAnusAra sabhI pravRttiyA~ svArtha (apane vAste) kA ullekha saMhitA meM nahIM hai, parantu brAhmaNagranthoM meM hai| hotI haiM, yA parArtha (dUsare ke vAste) / prakRti to jar3a hai| anukramaNI-vaidika sAhitya ke antargata eka taraha kA grantha / isako apane prayojana aura dUsare ke prayojana kA kucha jJAna isase chanda, devatA aura mantra-draSTA RSi kA paryAyakrama nahIM hai / taba isakI pravRtti kisa taraha hogii| yadi kaheM se patA lagatA hai| RksaMhitA kI anukramaNiyA~ aneka ki cetana jIvAtmA adhiSThAtA hokara pravRtti karA degA hai jinameM zaunaka kI racI anuvAkAnukramaNI aura kAtyAto yaha bhI nahIM banatA, kyoMki jIvAtmA prakRti ke sampUrNa yana kI racI sarvAnukramaNI adhika prasiddha haiN| inhIM do rUpa ko jAnatA nahIM, phira usakA adhiSThAtA kaise ho para bahuta vistRta evaM sulikhita TIkAe haiN| eka TIkA sakatA hai ? isalie prakRti kI pravRtti ke lie sarvajJa kAra kA nAma SaDguruziSya hai| yaha para adhiSThAtA Izvara mAnanA caahie| kintu isa tarka se vAstavika nAma kyA thA aura inhoMne kaba yaha grantha likhaa| Izvara kI siddhi nahIM hotI, kyoMki pUrNakAma Izvara kA anugItA-mahAbhArata meM zrImadbhagavadgItA ke atirikta apanA kucha prayojana nahIM hai, phira vaha apane vAste, yA anugItA bhI pAyI jAtI hai| yaha gItA kA sIdhA anudUsare ke lie jagat ko kyoM racegA ? buddhimAn puruSa kI karaNa hai| isake paricchedoM meM adhyAtma sambandhI vijJAna pravRtti nija prayojanArtha, apane hI lie saMbhava hai, anya ke kI koI vizeSatA parilakSita nahIM hotI, kintu zeSa, lie nahIM / yadi kaheM ki dayA se niSprayojana pravRtti bhI viSNu, brahmA Adi ke paurANika citroM ke darzana yahA~ hote ho jAtI hai, to yaha bhI sambhava nahIM hai, kyoMki sRSTi se haiN| viSNu ke chaH avatAroM-varAha, nasiMha, vAmana, pahale koI prANI nahI thA, phira kisake duHkha ko dekhakara matsya, rAma evaM kRSNa kA bhI varNana pAyA jAtA hai| karuNA huI hogI? yadi Izvara ne karuNA ke vaza hokara anagraha-ziva kI kRpA kA nAma / pAzupata siddhAntAnusAra sRSTi kI hotI to vaha sabako sukhI hI banAtA, duHkhI pazu (jIva) pAza (bandhana) meM ba~dhA huA hai| yaha pAza nahIM / para aisA dekhane meM nahIM AtA, apitu jagat kI tIna prakAra kA hai-ANava (ajJAna), karma (kArya ke parisRSTi vicitra dekhI jAtI hai| yadi kaheM ki jIvoM ke __NAma) aura mAyA (jo isa sRSTi ke svarUpa kA kAraNa karmAdhIna hokara Izvara vicitra sRSTi karatA hai, to karma hai) / zAGkara mata meM jo mAyA vaNita hai usase yaha mAyA kI pradhAnatA haI, phira bakarI ke gale ke niSprayojana stana bhinna hai| yahA~ dazya jagata ke yathArtha prabhAva ko darzAne. kI taraha Izvara mAnane kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / isa satya ko DhaMkane evaM dhokhA dene ke artha meM yaha prayukta huI hai / prakAra sAMkhya kA siddhAnta hai ki Izvara kI sattA meM koI ina bandhanoM meM jakar3A huA pazu sImita hai, apane zarIra pramANa upalabdha nahIM hai, ataH usakI siddhi nahIM ho (AvaraNa) se ghirA huA hai / 'zakti' ina sabhI bandhanoM meM sakatI (iishvraasiddheH)| vyApta hai aura isI ke mAdhyama se pati kA AtmA ko anukramaNikA (kAtyAyana kI)-vedoM ke viSayagata vibhAjana andhakAra meM rakhane kA vyApAra calatA hai| zakti kA ko anukramaNikA kahA jAtA hai / Rgveda kA dasa maNDaloM vyApakatva pati kI dayA athavA anugraha meM bhI hai| isa meM vibhAjana aitareya AraNyaka aura AzvalAyana tathA anugraha se hI kramazaH bandhana kaTate haiM tathA AtmA kI mukti zAMkhAyana ke gRhyasUtroM meM sabase pahale dekhane meM AtA hai| hotI hai| kAtyAyana ko anukramaNikA meM maNDala vibhAjana kA ullekha anupadasUtra (caturtha sAma)-isa grantha meM dasa prapAThaka haiN| nahIM hai / kAtyAyana ne dUsare prakAra ke vibhAjana kA anu- ina sUtroM kA saMgrahakAra jJAta nahIM hai| paJcaviMza brAhmaNa saraNa karake aSTakoM aura adhyAyoM meM Rgveda ko vibhakta ke bahuta-se durbodha vAkyoM kI isame vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| mAnA hai| isameM SaDviMza brAhmaNa kI bhI carcA hai| isa grantha se anukramaNikA aura saMhitA-anukramaNikA meM saMhitA bahuta-sI aitihAsika sAmagrI aura prAcIna granthoM ke nAma aura brAhmaNagranthoM meM koI bheda nahIM kiyA gayA hai / kisI- bhI jJAta hote haiN| jAna par3atA hai ki isake atirikta kisI zAkhA meM jina bAtoM kA ullekha saMhitA meM nahIM hai, svatantra rUpa se sAmaveda ke zrautasUtroM ke kaI grantha sagRhIta brAhmaNagranthoM meM unakA ullekha huA hai| jaise, naramedha yajJa hue the|

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32 anupAtaka-a(nu)NubhASya anupAtaka-jo kRtya nimna mArga kI aura prerita karatA hai (22) putra kI asavarNa jAti vAlI strI ke sAtha gamana / vaha pApa hai / usake samAna karma anupAtaka haiM / vedanindA [ye chaH vimAtR-gamana ke samAna haiN|] Adi se utpanna pApa ko bhI anupAtaka kahate haiM / una (23) mAtA kI bahina ke sAtha gamana / pApoM kI gaNanA viSNusmRti meM kI gayI hai| yajJa meM (24) pitA kI bahina ke sAtha gamana / dIkSita kSatriya athavA vaizya, rajasvalA, garbhavatI, avi- (25) sAsa ke sAtha gamana / jJAtagarbha evaM zaraNAgata kA vadha karanA brahmahatyA ke anu- (26) mAmI ke sAtha gamana / pAtaka mAne gaye haiN| inake atirikta 35 prakAra ke anu- (27) ziSya kI strI ke sAtha gamana / pAtaka hote haiM, yathA (28) bahina ke sAtha gamana / (1) utkarSa meM mithyAvacana kahanA / yaha do prakAra kA (29) AcArya kI bhAryA ke sAtha gamana / hai, AtmagAmI aura nindA (asUyA) pUrvaka prgaamii|| (30) zaraNAgata strI ke sAtha gamana / (2) rAjagAmI paizunya (zAsaka se kisI kI cugalI (31) rAnI ke sAtha gamana / krnaa)| (32) saMnyAsinI ke sAtha gamana / (3) pitA ke mithyA doSa khnaa| (33) dhAtrI ke sAtha gamana / [ye tInoM brahmahatyA ke samAna haiN|] (34) sAdhvI ke sAtha gamana / (4) veda kA tyAga (par3he hae veda ko bhUla jAnA tathA (35) utkRSTa varNa kI strI ke sAtha gamana / vednindaa)| [ye teraha guru-patnI-gamana ke samAna anupAtaka haiN|] (5) jhUThA sAkSya denaa| yaha do prakAra kA hai, jJAta vastu anubrAhmaNagranya-aitareya brAhmaNa ke pUrva bhAga meM zrIta ko na kahanA aura asatya kahanA / vidhiyA~ haiM / uttara bhAga meM anya vidhiyA~ haiN| taittirIya (6) mitra kA vadha / brAhmaNa meM bhI aisI hI vyavasthA dekhI jAtI hai| usa ke (7) brAhmaNa ke atirikta anya jAti ke mitra kA vadha / / pahale bhAga meM zrauta vidhiyA~ haiN| dUsare meM gRhamantra evaM (8) jJAnapUrvaka bAra-bAra nindya anna bhakSaNa krnaa| upaniSad bhAga hai| isa zreNIvibhAga kI kalpanA karane (9) jJAnapUrvaka bAra-bAra nindita chatrAka Adi kA vAloM ke mata meM sAma-vidhi kA 'anubrAhmaNa' nAma hai / ve bhakSaNa krnaa| loga kahate haiM ki pANinisUtra meM anubrAhmaNa kA ullekha [ye chaH madirA pIne se utpanna pAtaka ke samAna haiM / / hai (4 / 2 / 62) / kintu sAyaNa kI vibhAga-kalpanA meM anu(10) kisI kI dharohara kA haraNa / brAhmaNa kA ullekha nahIM hai| sAtha hI anubrAhmaNa nAma ke (11) manuSya kA haraNa / aura kisI grantha kI kahIM carcA bhI nahIM hai / 'vidhAna' (12) ghor3e kA haraNa / granthoM ko 'anubrAhmaNa grantha' kahanA saGgata jAna par3atA hai| (13) cA~dI kA haraNa / anubhavAnanda-advaitamata ke pratipAdaka vedAntakalpataru, zAstra(14) bhUmi kA haraNa / darpaNa, paJcapAdikAdarpaNa Adi ke racayitA AcArya (15) hIre kA haraNa / amalAnanda ke ye guru the| inakA jIvanakAla terahavIM (16) maNi kA haraNa / zatAbdI hai| ye sAta sone kI corI ke samAna haiN| a(na)NubhASya-brahmasUtroM para vallabhAcArya kA racA huA (17) parivAra kI strI ke sAtha gamana / bhASya / vallabhAcArya kA mata zaGkarAcArya evaM rAmAnuja se (18) kumArI-gamana / vahata aMzoM meM bhinna tathA madhvAcArya ke mata se milatA-julatA (19) nIca kula kI strI ke sAtha gamana / hai / AcArya vallabha ke mata meM jIva aNu aura paramAtmA (20) mitra kI strI ke sAtha gamana / kA sevaka hai / prapaJcabheda (jagat) satya hai| brahma hI jagat (21) anya varNa kI strI se utpanna putra kI strI ke kA nimitta aura upAdAna kAraNa hai / golokAdhipati sAtha gamana / zrI kRSNa hI parabrahma haiM, vahI jIva ke sevya haiN| jIvAtmA

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anubhUtiprakAza-anumAna 33 aura paramAtmA donoM zuddha haiN| isI se isa mata kA nAma mukhya viSaya pramANa hai| pramA yathArtha jJAna ko kahate haiM / zuddhAdvaita par3A hai / vallabha ke matAnusAra sevA dvividha hai- yathArtha jJAna kA jo karaNa ho arthAt jisake dvArA yathArtha phalarUpA evaM saadhnruupaa| sarvadA zrI kRSNa kI zravaNa-cintana jJAna prApta ho use pramANa kahate haiM / gautama ne cAra pramANa rUpa mAnasI sevA phalarUpA evaM dravyArpaNa tathA zArIrika mAne hai-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda / vastu sevA sAdhanarUpA hai / golokastha paramAnandasandoha zrI kRSNa ke sAtha indriya-saMyoga hone se jo usakA jJAna hotA hai ko gopIbhAva se prApta karake unakI sevA karanA hI mokSa vaha pratyakSa hai| liGga-liGgI ke pratyakSa jJAna se utpanna hai / ('anubhASya' nAma ke lie draSTavya 'anuvyAkhyAna' / ) jJAna ko anumiti tathA usake karaNa ko anumAna kahate haiM / anubhUtiprakAza-mAdhavAcArya athavA svAmI vidyAraNya racita jaise, hamane barAbara dekhA ki jahA~ dhuA~ rahatA hai vahA~ 'anubhatiprakAza' meM upaniSadoM kI AkhyAyikAeM zloka- Aga rahatI hai| isI ko vyApti-jJAna kahate haiM lo anubaddha kara saMgraha kI gayI haiN| yaha caudahavIM zatAbdI kA mAna kI pahalI sIr3hI hai| kahIM dhuA~ dekhA gayA, jo Aga grantha hai| kA liGga (cihna) hai aura mana meM dhyAna A gayA ki 'jisa anubhUtisvarUpAcArya-eka lokapriya vyAkaraNa grnthkaar| dhueM ke sAtha sadA Aga rahatI hai vaha yahA~ hai-isI ko sarasvatIprakriyA nAmaka inakA likhA 'sArasvata' upa- parAmarza jJAna yA 'vyAptiviziSTa pakSadharmatA' kahate haiN| nAmaka grantha purAne pAThakoM meM adhika pracalita rahA hai| isake anantara yaha jJAna yA anumAna utpanna haA ki 'yahA~ siddhAntacandrikA isakI TIkA hai / isameM sAta sau sUtra hai| Aga hai' / apane samajhane ke lie to uparyukta tIna khaNDa kahate haiM ki sarasvatI ke prasAda se yaha grantha ina AcArya paryApta haiM, parantu naiyAyikoM kA kArya hai dUsare ke mana meM ko prApta huA thaa| . jJAna karAnA / isase ve anumAna ke pA~ca khaNDa karate haiM jo anumaraNa-pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt patnI kA maraNa / pati 'avayava' kahalAte haiM : ke mara jAne para usakI khar3AU~ Adi lekara jalatI huI (1) pratijJA-sAdhya kA nirdeza karane vAlA, arthAta citA meM baiTha patnI dvArA prANa tyAga karanA anumaraNa kaha anumAna se jo bAta siddha karanI hai usakA varNana karane lAtA hai: vAlA vAkya-jaise, 'yahA~ para Aga hai'| (2) hetudezAntaramate patyau sAdhvI tatpAdukAdvayam / jisa lakSaNa yA cihna se bAta pramANita kI jAtI hai-jaise, nidhAyorasi saMzuddhA pravizet jAtavedasam / / 'kyoMki yahA~ dhuA~ hai / ' (3) udAharaNa-siddha kI jAne (brahmapurANa) vAlI vastu apane cihna ke sAtha jahA~ dekhI gayI hai use [dezAntara meM pati ke mRta ho jAne para strI usakI batalAne vAlA vAkya-jaise, 'jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ rahatA hai donoM khar3AU~ hRdaya para rakhakara pavitra ho agni meM praveza vahA~-vahA~ Aga rahatI hai', jaise, 'rasoIghara meN|' kre|] (4) upanaya-jo vAkya batalAye hue cihna yA liGga kA brAhmaNI ke lie anumaraNa vajita hai : honA prakaTa kare-jaise, 'yahA~ para dhuA~ hai / ' (5) nigamana'pRthaciti samAruhya na viprA gantumarhati / ' siddha kI jAnevAlI bAta siddha ho gayI, yaha kathana / ataH [brAhmaNI ko alaga citA banAkara nahIM maranA caahie|] anumAna kA pUrA rUpa yoM huAusake lie sahamaraNa (mRta pati ke sAtha jalatI huI citA 1. yahA~ para agni hai (prtijnyaa)| meM baiThakara maraNa) vihita hai 2. kyoMki yahA~ dhuA~ hai (hetu)| bhartInusaraNaM kAle yAH kurvanti tathAvidhAH / 3. jahA~-jahA~ dhuA~ rahatA hai vahA~-vahA~ agni rahatI kAmAtkrodhAd bhayAnmohAt sarvAH pUtA bhavanti tAH / / hai-jaise rasoI ghara meM (udAharaNa) / [ jo samaya para vidhipUrvaka kAma, krodha, bhaya athavA 4. yahA~ para dhuA~ hai (upny)| lobha se pati ke sAtha satI hotI hai ve saba pavitra ho5. isalie yahA~ para agni hai (nigmn)| jAtI haiM / ] de0 'stii'| sAdhAraNataH ina pA~ca avayavoM se yukta vAkya ko 'nyAya' .. anumAna-jJAna-sAdhana pramANoM meM se eka / nyAya (taka) kA kahate haiN| navIna naiyAyika ina pAMcoM avayavoM kA mAnanA

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34 anurAdhA-anRta Avazyaka nahIM smjhte| ve anumAna pramANa ke lie pratijJA, anuzikha--paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM ullikhita nAgayajJa ke eka hetu aura dRSTAnta inhIM tInoM ko paryApta samajhate haiN| potA (purohita) kA nAma / anurAdhA-azvinI se satrahavA~ nakSatra, jo vizAkhA ke anustaraNI-prAcIna hindU zavayAtrA kI vividha sAmagriyoM bAda AtA hai| usakA rUpa sarpAkAra sAta tArAoM se yukta ke antargata eka gau / anustaraNI go bUr3hI, binA sIMga kI aura adhidevatA mitra hai| isa nakSatra meM utpanna zizu ke tathA burI AdatoM vAlI honI caahie| jaba yaha gAya lakSaNa nimnokta haiM mRtaka ke pAsa lAyI jAya to mRtaka ke anucaroM ko tIna satkIrtikAntizca sadotsavaH syAt muTTho dhUla apane kandhoM para DAlanI caahie| zavayAtrA meM jetA ripUNAJca kalApravINaH / sarvaprathama gRhya agni kA pAtra, phira yajJa-agni, phira jalAne syAtsambhave yasya kilAnurAdhA kI sAmagrI tathA usake pIche anustaraNI gau rahanI cAhie sampatpramodau vividhau bhavetAm / / aura ThIka usake pIche mRta vyakti vimAna para ho| phira [jisake janmakAla meM anurAdhA nakSatra ho vaha yazasvI, sambandhiyoM kA dala Ayu ke krama se ho / citA taiyAra kAntimAn, sadA utsava se yukta, zatruoM kA vijetA, ho jAne para isa gau ko zava ke Age lAte tathA usako kalAoM meM pravINa, sampattizAlI aura aneka prakAra se mRtaka ke sambandhI isa prakAra ghera lete the ki sabase choTA pramoda karane vAlA hotA hai|] pIche aura vaya ke krama se dUsare Age hoN| phira isa gAya kA anuloma vivAha-ucca varNa ke vara tathA nimna varNa kI vadha kiyA jAtA yA chor3a diyA jAtA thaa| mRtaka ne jIvana meM pazu yajJa nahIM kiyA hai to use chor3anA hI ucita kanyA kA vivAha / Ajakala kI apekSA prAcIna samAja adhika udAra thaa| jAtibandhana itanA jaTila nahIM thaa| hotA thaa| kramazaH chor3ane ke pUrva gau ko agni, citA evaM vivAha anuloma aura pratiloma donoM prakAra ke hote the| zava kI parikramA karAte the tathA kucha manoM ke pATha ke anuloma ke viparIta nimna varNa ke puruSa kA ucca varNa kii| sAtha use mukta kara dete the| kanyA se vivAha karanA pratiloma vivAha kahalAtA thaa| anustotra sUtra-Rgveda ke mantra ko sAmagAna meM pariNata karane kI vidhi ke sambandha meM sAmaveda ke bahuta se sUtra grantha Age calakara uttarottara samAja meM isa prakAra ke vivAha banda hote gye| isa prakAra ke sambandha se utpanna santAna haiM / anustotra sUtra unameM se eka hai / kI gaNanA varNasaMkara (mizra vaNa) meM hotI thI aura samAja anUcAna-jisane veda kA anuvacana kiyA ho / vinayasampanna ke artha meM isakA prayoga hotA hai| aGgoM sahita vedoM ke meM vaha nIcI dRSTi se dekhA jAtA thaa| jJAtA ko bhI anUcAna kahate haiM : anuvAkAnukramaNI--RksaMhitA kI aneka anukramaNiyoM meM 'anUcAno vinItaH syAda sAGgavedavicakSaNaH / ' se eka / yaha zaunaka kI racI huI hai tathA isa para SaDguruziSya dvArA vistRta TIkA likhI gayI hai| idamUcuranUcAnAH prItikaNTakitatvacaH / anuvyAkhyAna-vedAntasUtra para likhI gayI AcArya madhva (kumArasambhava) kI do pramukha racanAoM meM se ek| yaha terahavIM zatAbdI [prema se pulakita zarIra vAle anUcAna RSiyoM ne aisA meM racI gayI chandobaddha racanA hai| kahA / ] manu ne ne bhI kahA hai : anuvajana--ziSTa abhyAgatoM ke vApasa jAne ke samaya kucha RSayazcakrire dharma yo'nUcAnaH sa no mahAn / dUra taka unake pIche pIche jAne kA ziSTAcAra : [RSiyoM ne yaha dharma banAyA ki vedajJa vyakti hamase 'AyAntamagrato gacched gacchantaM tamanuvrajet / ' zreSTha hai|] (nigamakalpadruma) anRta-isakA zAbdika artha hai 'mithyA' athavA 'jhuutth'| koI ziSTa ghara meM AtA ho to usakI agavAnI ke jisa karma meM asatya athavA hiMsA ho use bhI anUta kahate lie Age calanA caahie| vaha jaba vApasa jA rahA ho| haiN| vivAha Adi pA~ca kAryoM meM jhuTha bolanA pApa nahIM to vidAI ke lie usake pIche jAnA caahie| ] mAnA jAtA hai : *

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antaHkaraNaprabodha-antyaja vivAhakAle ratisaMprayoge prANAtyaye srvdhnaaphaare| viprasya cArthe hyanRtaM vadeta paJcAnRtAnyAhurapAtakAni / / ( mahAbhArata, karNaparva) [ yadi vivAha, rati, prANa saMkaTa, sampUrNa dhanApaharaNa ke samaya aura brAhANa ke artha ke lie asatya bolo to ye pA~ca anRta pApa meM nahIM gine jAte / ] anta:kathAsaMgraha-bhaktiviSayaka kathAoM kA saMgraha grantha / isake racayitA 'pravandhakoSa' ke lekhaka rAjazekhara haiN| racanAkAla hai caudahavIM zatAbdI kA madhya / antaHkaraNa-bhItara kI jJAnendriya / isakA paryAya mana / hai| kAryabheda se isake cAra nAma haiM : manobuddhirahaGkArazcittaM karaNamAntaram / saMzayo nizcayo garvaH smaraNaM viSayA amI / / (vedAntasAra) [mana, buddhi, ahaMkAra aura citta ye cAra antaHkaraNa haiN| saMzaya, nizcaya, garva aura smaraNa ye cAra kramazaH inake viSaya haiN| ina sabako milAkara eka antaHkaraNa kahalAtA hai| pA~ca mahAbhUtoM meM sthita sUkSma tanmAtrAoM ke aMzoM se antaHkaraNa banatA hai| antaHkaraNaprabodha-vallabhAcArya dvArA racita solahavIM zatAbdI kA eka puSTimArgIya dArzanika grantha / antaka-yama kA paryAya, anta (vinAza) karane vAlA / antarAtmA--sarvaprathama upaniSadoM meM Abhyantarika cetana (AtmA) ke lie isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isakA samAnArthI zabda hai 'antryaamii'| yaha atirekI sattA kA dUsarA chora hai jo ghaTa-baTa meM vyApta hai| antaryAmI--(1) 'zrIsampradAya' bhAgavata sampradAya kA eka mahattvapUrNa varga hai| zaGkarAcArya ke vedAntasiddhAnta kA tiraskAra karatA huA yaha mata upaniSadoM ke prAcIna brahmavAda para vizvAsa rakhatA hai / isake anusAra saguNa bhagavAn ko vaiSNava loga upaniSadoM ke brahmatulya batalAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki pratyeka vastu kA astitva usI meM hai tathA vaha sabhI acche guNoM se yukta hai| sabhI padArtha tathA AtmA usI se utpanna hae haiM tathA vaha antaryAmI rUpa meM sabhI vastuoM meM vyApta hai| (2) yaha Izvara kA eka vizeSaNa hai| hRdaya meM sthita hokara jo indriyoM ko unake kArya meM lagAtA hai vaha antakamI hai| 'vedAntasAra' ke anusAra vizuddha sattvapradhAna jJAna se upahita caitanya antaryAmI kahalAtA hai : antarAvizya bhUtAni yo bibhAtmaketubhiH / antaryAmIzvaraH sAkSAt pAtu no yadvaze sphuTam // [prANiyoM ke antaHkaraNa meM praviSTa hokara jo apane jJAnarUpI ketu ke dvArA unakI rakSA karatA hai, vaha sAkSAt Izvara antaryAmI hai / vaha hama logoM kI rakSA kare, jisake vaza meM pUrA saMsAra hai|] antevAsI-vedAdhyayanArtha guru ke samIpa rahane vAlA chAtra / antevAsI brahmacArI gurugRha meM rahakara vidyAbhyAsa karatA thA aura usake yoga-kSema kI pUrI vyavasthA guru athavA AcArya ko karanI par3atI thii| chAndogya upaniSad (2.23.1) ke anusAra brahmacArI ko antevAsI kI taraha gurugRha meM rahanA par3atA thaa| rucisAmya evaM buddhivaicitrya meM AcArya ke tulya ho jAne para bahuta se brahmacArI gurugRha meM AjIvana raha jAte the| unheM gurusevA, guru-AjJAoM kA pAlana, samidhA juTAnA, gauoM ko carAnA Adi kAma karane par3ate the / antyaja-antya meM utpanna / saMskRta (sabhya) upanivezoM ke bAhara jaMgalI aura parvatIya pradezoM ko antya kahate the aura vahA~ basane vAloM ko antyaja / dhIre-dhIre samAja ko nimnatama jAtiyoM meM ye loga milate jAte the| inameM se kucha kI gaNanA isa prakAra hai : rajakazcarmakArazca naTo varuDa eva ca / kaivartamedabhillAzca saptaite antyajAH smRtAH / / [ dhobI, carmakAra, naTa, varuDa, kaivarta, meda, bhilla ye sAta antyaja kahe gaye haiN| AcAra-vicAra kI pavitratA ke kAraNa antyaja aspazya bhI mAne jAte the / inake samAjIkaraNa kA eka krama thA, jisake anusAra inakA utthAna hotA thA / samparka dvArA pahale ye samAja meM zUdravarNa meM praveza pAte the| zUdra se sacchadra, sacchadra se vaizya, vaizya se kSatriya aura kSatriya se brAhmaNa-isa prakAra aneka pIr3hiyoM meM brAhmaNa hone kI prakriyA varNotkarSa ke siddhAnta ke anusAra prAcIna kAla meM mAnya thii| madhyayuga meM saMkIrNatA tathA varjanazIlatA ke kAraNa isa prakriyA meM jar3atA A gyii| aba naye DhaMga se samatAvAdI siddhAntoM ke AdhAra para antyajoM kA samAjIkaraNa ho rahA hai|

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antyeSTi-saMskAra antyeSTisaMskAra-hindU jIvana ke prasiddha solaha saMskAroM meM se yaha aMtima saMskAra hai, jisake dvArA mRta vyakti kI dAhakriyA Adi kI jAtI hai| antyeSTi kA artha hai 'aMtima yajJa' / dUsare zabdoM meM jIvana-yajJa kI yaha antima prakriyA hai| prathama pandraha saMskAra aihika jIvana ko pavitra aura sukhI banAne ke lie haiN| baudhAyanapitRmedhasUtra (3.1.4) meM kahA gayA hai : 'jAtasaMskAreNemaM lokamabhijayati mata- saMskAreNA lokam / ' [jAtakarma Adi saMskAroM se manuSya isa loka ko jItatA hai; mRtakasaMskAra (antyeSTi) se paraloka ko|] yaha anivArya saMskAra hai| rogI ko mRtyu se bacAne ke lie athaka prayAsa karane para bhI samaya athavA asamaya meM usakI mRtyu hotI hI hai / isa sthiti ko svIkAra karate hue baudhAyana (pitRmedha sUtra, 33) ne punaH kahA hai : jAtasya vai manuSyasya dhruvaM maraNamiti vijAnIyAt / tasmAjjAte na prahRSyenmRte ca na viSIdet / akasmAdAgataM bhUtamakasmAdeva gacchati / tasmAjjAtaM mRtaJcaiva sampazyanti sucetasaH / [utpanna hue manuSya kA maraNa dhruva hai, aisA jAnanA cAhie / isalie kisI ke janma lene para na to prasannatA se phUla jAnA cAhie aura na kisI ke marane para atyanta viSAda karanA caahiye| yaha jIvadhArI akasmAt kahIM se AtA hai aura akasmAt kahIM calA jAtA hai| isalie buddhimAna ko janma aura maraNa ko samAna rUpa se dekhanA caahie|] tasmAnmAtaraM pitaramAcArya patnI putaM ziyamantevAsinaM pitRvyaM mAtulaM sagotramasagotraM vA dAyamupayaccheddahanaM saMskAreNa saMskurvanti // [ isalie yadi mRtyu ho hI jAya to mAtA, pitA, AcArya, patnI, putra, ziSya (antevAsI), pitRvya (cAcA), mAtula (mAmA), sagotra, asagotra kA dAya (dAyitva) grahaNa karanA cAhie aura saMskArapUrvaka usakA dAha karanA caahie|] atyeSTikriyA kI vidhiyA~ kAlakrama se badalatI rahI haiN| pahale zava ko vaisA hI chor3a diyA jAtA thA yA jala meM pravAhita kara diyA jAtA thaa| bAda meM use kisI vRkSa kI DAla se laTakA dete the| Age calakara samAdhi (gAr3ane) kI prathA calI / vaidika kAla meM jaba yajJa kI pradhAnatA huI to mRta zarIra bhI yajJAgni dvArA hI dagdha hone lagA aura dAhasaMskAra kI pradhAnatA ho gayI ('ye nikhAtA ye paroptA ye dagdhA ye coddhitAH'-atharvaveda, 18.2.34) / hinduoM meM zava kA dAha saMskAra hI bahupracalita hai, yadyapi kinhIMkinhIM avasthAoM meM apavAda rUpa se jala-pravAha aura samAdhi kI prathA bhI abhI jIvita hai| sampUrNa antyeSTisaMskAra ko nimnAMkita khaNDoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai : 1. mRtyu ke Agamana ke pUrva kI kriyA ka. sambandhiyoM se aMtima vidAI kha. dAna-puNya ga. vaitaraNI (gAya kA dAna) gha. mRtyu kI taiyArI 2. prAga-dAha ke vidhi-vidhAna 3. arthI 4. zavotthAna 5. zavayAtrA 6. anustaraNI (rAjagavI : zmazAna kI gAya) 7. dAha kI taiyArI 8. vidhavA kA citArohaNa (kali meM vajita) 9. dAhayajJa 10. pratyAvartana (zmazAna se lauTanA) 11. udakakarma 12. zokAoM ko sAntvanA 13. azauca (sAmayika chUta : aspRzyatA) 14. asthisaJcayana 15. zAntikarma 16. zmazAna (avazeSa para smaadhinirmaann)| Ajakala avazeSa kA jalapravAha aura usake kucha aMza kA gaGgA athavA anya kisI pavitra nadI meM pravAha hotA hai| 17. piNDadAna ( mRta ke preta jIvana meM usake lie bhojana-dAna) 18. sapiNDIkaraNa (pitRloka meM pitaroM ke sAtha preta ko milaanaa)| yaha kriyA bArahaveM dina, tIna pakSa ke anta meM athavA eka varSa ke anta meM hotI hai / aisA vizvAsa hai ki preta ko pitRloka meM pahu~cane meM eka varSa lagatA hai| asAmayika athavA asAdhAraNa sthiti meM mRta vyaktiyoM

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andhaka-annambhaTTa ke antyeSTisaMskAra meM kaI apavAda athavA vizeSa kriyAe~ kAzI meM annapUrNA kA prasiddha maMdira hai| aisA vizvAsa hotI hai| AhitAgni, anAhitAgni, zizu, gabhiNI, hai ki annapUrNA ke AvAsa ke kAraNa kAzI meM koI navaprasUtA, rajasvalA, parivrAjaka-saMnyAsI-vAnaprastha,pravAsI vyakti bhUkhA nahIM rhtaa|| aura patita ke saMskAra vibhinna vidhiyoM se hote haiN| annaprAzana-eka saMskAra, jisameM zizu ko prathama bAra anna hinduoM meM jIvacchrAddha kI prathA bhI pracalita hai| caTAyA jAtA hai / chaThe athavA AThaveM mahIne meM bAlaka kA, dhArmika hindU kA vizvAsa hai ki sadgati (svarga athavA pA~caveM athavA sAtaveM mahIne meM bAlikA kA annaprAzana mokSa) kI prApti ke lie vidhipUrvaka antyeSTisaMskAra hotA hai / prAyaH isI samaya zizu ko dA~ta nikalate haiM, jo Avazyaka hai| yadi kisI kA putra na ho, athavA yadi isa bAta ke dyotaka haiM ki aba vaha Thosa anna khAkara pacA usako isa bAta kA AzvAsana na ho ki marane ke pazcAt sakatA hai / suzruta (zArIra sthAna, 10.64) ke anusAra chaThe usakI savidhi antyeSTi kriyA hogI, to vaha apane jIte- mahIne meM zizu ko laghu (halakA) tathA hita (poSaNakArI) jI apanA zrAddhakarma svayaM kara sakatA hai| usakA putalA anna khilAnA caahie| mArkaNDeya purANa (vIramitrodaya, banAkara usakA dAha hotA hai / zeSa kriyAe~ sAmAnya rUpa saMskAra kANDa meM uddhRta) ke anusAra prathama bAra zizu ko se hotI hai| bahuta se loga saMnyAsa Azrama meM praveza ke pUrva madhu-ghI se yukta khIra sone ke pAtra meM khilAnA cAhie apanA jIvacchrAddha kara lete haiM / (madhvAjyakanakopetaM prAzayet pAyasantu tam / ) / saMbhavataH andhaka-(1) eka yaduvaMzI vyakti kA nAma / yAdavoM ke eka zrImantoM ke lie yaha vidhAna hai| rAjanItika gaNa kA bhI nAma andhaka thA / vRSNieka gaNa annaprAzana saMskAra ke dina sabase pahale yajJIya padArtha saMgha thA : vaidika mantroM ke sAtha pakAye jAte haiM / unake taiyAra hone para agni meM eka Ahuti nimnAMkita mantra se DAlI sudaMSTra' ca sucAruJca kRSNamityandhakAstrayaH / (harivaMza) jAtI hai : [sudaMSTra, sucAru aura kRSNa ye tIna andhaka gaNa ke "devatAoM ne vAgdevI ko utpanna kiyA hai| usase sadasya kahe gaye haiM / ] bahusaMkhyaka pazu bolate haiN| yaha madhura dhvani vAlI ati (2) eka asura kA nAma, jisakA vadha ziva ne kiyA prazaMsita vANI hamAre pAsa Aye / svAhA thaa| (pAraskara gRhyasUtra, 1.19.2) andhakaripu-andhaka daitya ke zatru arthAt ziva / zleSa dvitIya Ahati UrjA (zakti) ko dI jAtI hai : Adi alaMkAroM meM andhakAra kA nAza karane vAle sUrya, "Aja hama UrjA prApta kreN|" agni, candramA ko bhI andhakaripu kahA gayA hai| ina AhutiyoM ke pazcAt zizu kA pitA cAra AhutiyA~ annakUTa-kArtika zukla pratipadA ko annakUTa aura govardhana nimnalikhita mantra se agni meM chor3atA hai : pUjA hotI hai / gharoM aura devAlayoM meM chappana prakAra (anekoM "maiM utprANa dvArA bhojana kA upabhoga kara saka~, bhA~ti) ke vyaJjana banate haiM aura unakA kUTa (zikhara yA svAhA ! apAna dvArA bhojana kA upabhoga kara sakU~, svAhA ! Dhera) bhagavAn ko bhoga lagatA hai / yaha tyauhAra bhAratavyApI netroM dvArA dRzya padArthoM kA upabhoga kara sakU, svAhA ! hai / dUsare dina yamadvitIyA hotI hai / yamadvitIyA ko sabere zravaNoM dvArA yaza kA upabhoga kara sakU~, svAhA !" citraguptAdi caudaha yamoM kI pUjA hotI hai| isake bAda hI (pAraskara gRhyasUtra, 1.19.3) bahinoM ke ghara bhAiyoM ke bhojana karane kI prathA bhI hai jo isake pazcAt 'hanta' zabda ke sAtha zizu ko bhojana karAyA bahuta prAcIna kAla se calI AtI hai| jAtA hai| annapUrNA-ziva kI eka patnI athavA zakti, jo apane annam bhaTTa-nyAya-vaizeSika kA mizrita bAlabodha grantha upAsakoM ko anna dekara poSita karatI hai| isakA racanevAloM meM annam bhaTTa kA nAma sAdara liyA jAtA hai| zAbdika artha hai 'anna athavA khAdyasAmagrI se pUrNa / ' inake dvArA racita grantha 'tarkasaMgraha' bahuta prasiddha hai|

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38 annamayakoNa-aparNA annamaya koSa-upaniSadoM ke anusAra zarIra meM Atmatattva aparAjitAsaptamI.-bhAdra zukla saptamI ko isakA vrata prArambha pA~ca AvaraNoM se AcchAdita hai, jinheM 'paJcakoSa' kahate kiyA jAtA hai| isameM eka varSa taka sUrya-pUjana hotA hai| haiM / ye hai annamaya koSa, prANamaya koSa, manomaya koSa, bhAdra zukla kI saptamI ko aparAjitA kahA jAtA hai / caturthI vijJAnamaya koSa aura Anandamaya koSa / yahA~ 'maya' kA ko eka samaya bhojana paJcamI ko rAtri meM bhojana tathA prayoga vikAra artha meM kiyA gayA hai / anna (bhukta padArtha) SaSThI ko upavAsa karake saptamI ko pAraNa hotA hai| de0 ke vikAra athavA saMyoga se banA huA koSa 'annamaya' kRtyakalpataru, vratakANDa, 132-135, hemAdri kA vratakahalAtA hai / yaha AtmA kA sabase bAharI AvaraNa hai| khaNDa, 667-668 / / pazu aura avikasita mAnava bhI, jo zarIra ko hI AtmA aparAjitA--yuddha meM aparAjitA arthAt durgA / dazamI (vizeSa mAnatA hai, isI dharAtala para jItA hai| de0 'koSa' tathA kara Azvina zukla pakSa kI dazamI) ko aparAjitA kI 'pnyckoss'| pUjA kA vidhAna hai: annAdya-atharvaveda tathA aitareya brAhmaNa meM uddhRta 'vAjapeya dazamyAM ca naraiH samyak pUjanIyAparAjitA / yajJa' eka prakAra ke rAjyArohaNa kA hI aGga batAyA gayA mokSArtha vijayArthaJca pUrvokta vidhinA naraiH / / hai| kintu isake uddezya ke bAre meM vividha mata hai| isake navamI zeSa yuktAyAM dazamyAmaparAjitA / vividha uddezyoM meM se eka 'annAdya' hai, jaisA ki zAGkhAyana dadAti vijayaM devI pUjitA jayavaddhinI / / ke mata se prakaTa hai| adhika bhojana (anna) kI icchA vAlA mokSa athavA vijaya ke lie manuSya pUrvokta vidhi se isa yajJa ko karatA hai / 'vAjapeya' kA artha unhoMne bhojana dazamI ke dina aparAjitA devI kI acche prakAra se pUjA kare / vaha dazamI navamI se yukta honI caahie| isa pAna mAnA hai| prakAra karane para jaya ko bar3hAne vAlI devI vijaya pradAna anyapUrvA-jisake pUrva meM anya hai vaha knyaa| vacana Adi ke karatI hai / ] dvArA eka ko vivAhArtha nizcita kiye jAne ke bAda kisI aparAjitA dazamI--Azvina zukla dazamI ko yaha vrata hotA anya ke sAtha vivAhita strI ko anyapUrvA kahate haiN| ye hai / vizeSataH rAjA ke lie isakA vidhAna hai / hemAdri tathA sAta prakAra kI hotI haiM : smRtikaustubha ke anusAra zrI rAma ne usI dina laMkA para saptapaunarbhavAH kanyA varjanIyAH kulAdhamAH / AkramaNa kiyA thaa| usa dina zravaNa nakSatra thaa| isameM vAcA dattA manodattA kRtakautukamaGgalA // devIpUjA hotI hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, pRSTha 968 se udakasparzitA yA ca yA ca pANigrahItikA / 973 / agni parigatA yA tu punabhU prasavA ca yA / / aparAdhazata vrata-mArgazIrSa dvAdazI se isakA prArambha hotA ityetAH kAzyapenoktA dahanti kulamagnivat / / hai| isameM viSNu kI pUjA hotI hai| sau aparAdhoM kI (udvAhatattva) gaNanA bhaviSyottara purANa (146.6-21) meM pAyI jAtI sAta punarbhavA kanyAe~ kula meM adhama mAnI gayI haiN| hai| uparyukta aparAdha isa vrata se naSTa ho jAte haiN| inake sAtha vivAha nahIM karanA cAhie / vacana se, mana se, aparokSAnabhati--(1) binA kisI bauddhika mAdhyama ke vivAha maGgala racAkara, jalasparza pUrvaka, hAtha pakar3a kara, sAkSAt brahmajJAna ho jAne ko hI aparokSAnubhUti kahate haiN| agni kI pradakSiNA karake pahale kisI ko dI gayI tathA (2) 'aparokSAnubhUti' zaGkarAcArya ke likhe phuTakara eka pati ko chor3akara dubArA vivAha karane vAlI strI se granthoM meM se eka hai| isa para mAdhavAcArya ne bahuta sundara utpanna kanyA-ye agni ke samAna kUla ko jalA detI TIkA likhI hai jisakA nAma aparokSAnubhUtiprakAza hai| haiM / aisA kAzyapa ne kahA hai| aparNA-jisane tapasyA ke samaya meM patte bhI nahIM khAye, anvayArthaprakAzikA-yaha 'saMkSepa zArIraka' ke Upara svAmI ___vaha pArvatI aparNA kahI gayI hai / yaha durgA kA hI paryAya hai : rAmatIrtha likhita TIkA hai| isakA racanAkAla satrahavIM svayaM vizIrNadrumaparNavRttitA zatAbdI hai| parA hi kASThA tapasastayA punaH /

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antaH-kathAsaMgraha - antyaja tadapyapAkIrNamitaH priyaMvadAm / vayasthaparNeti ca tAM purAvidaH // ( kumArasambhava ) [svayaM gire hue pattoM kA bhakSaNa karanA, yaha tapasviyoM ke lie tapasyA kI antima sImA hai| kintu pArvatI ne una gire hue pattoM kA bhI bhakSaNa nahIM kiyaa| ataH use vidvAn loga aparNA kahate haiM / ] apavarga - ( 1 ) saMsAra se mukti mAnavajIvana ke cAra puruSArthI dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa meM se antima gokSa apavarga kahalAtA hai / (2) isakA eka artha phalaprApti vA samApti bhI hai: kriyApavargeSvanujIvisAtkRtAH kRtajJatAmasya vadanti sampadaH / (kirAtArjunIya) [kriyA kI saphala samApti ho jAne para puraskAra rUpa meM sevakoM ko dI gayI sampatti duryodhana kI kRtajJatA ko prakaTa karatI hai / ] apaviddhadharmazAstra meM varNita vAraha prakAra ke putroM meM eka smRtiyoM ne isakI sthiti evaM adhikAra ke bAre meM prakAza DAlA hai / manu ( 9.171) kahate haiM ki avipaddha apane mAtA-pitA dvArA tyAgA huA putra hai| manu ke purAne bhASyakAra medhAtithi kA kathana hai ki isa putratyAga kA kAraNa parivAra kI adhika girI dazA athavA putra ke dvArA kiyA huA koI jaghanya aparAdha hotA thaa| aise tyAge hue bAlaka para dravita ho yadi koI use pAlatA thA to usakA sthAna dUsarI zreNI ke putroM jaisA ghaTakara hotA thaa| Ajakala kA pAlita putra unhIM prAcIna prayogoM kI smRti dilAtA hai| apAtra -- dAna dene ke lie ayogya vyakti / isako kupAtra athavA asatpAtra bhI kahate haiM : 'apAtre pAtayeddattaM suvarNaM narakArNave' ( malamAsa tattva ) [ apAtra ko diyA gayA suvarNadAna dAtA ko narakarUpI samudra meM girA detA hai / ] apApasaGkrAnti vrata -- yaha vrata saMkrAnti ke dina prArambha hokara eka varSaparyanta calatA hai / isake devatA sUrya haiM / isameM zveta tila kA samarpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 2.728-740 / 39 apunarbhava- punarjanma na hone kI sthiti isako mukti, kaivalya athavA punarjanma kA abhAva bhI kahate haiM / mAnava ke cAra puruSArthI - dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa meM yaha antima aura sarvazreSTha mAnA jAtA hai / apUrva jo yajJAdika kriyAeM kI jAtI hai, zAstroM meM unake bahuta se phala bhI batalAye gaye haiN| kintu ye phala kriyA ke anta ke sAtha hI dRSTigocara nahIM hote kRta karma AtmA meM usa adRzya zakti ko utpanna karate haiM jo samaya Ane para vedavihita phala detI hai / isa vicAra kI vyAkhyA karate pUrvamImAMsA meM kahA gayA hai ki dharma AtmA meM apUrva nAmaka guNa utpanna karatA hai jo svargIya sukha evaM mokSa kA kAraNa hai| karma aura usake phala ke bIca meM apUrva eka adRzya kar3I hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'mImAMsAdarzana' | apavAna veda (yamapnavAno bhagavo virurucuH // 4.7.1) meM apnavAna kA ullekha bhRguoM ke sAtha huA hai| luDaviga apnavAna ke bhRgukula meM utpanna hone kA anumAna lagAte haiN| -- appaNNAcArya - eka prasiddha vedAntI ttiikaakaar| taittirIyo paniSad ke bahuta se bhASya evaM vRttiyAM haiN| inameM zarA cArya kA bhASya to prasiddha hai hI; AnandatIrtha, raGgarAmAnuja, sAyaNAcArya ne bhI isa upaniSad ke bhASya likhe haiM / appaNNAcArya, vyAsatIrtha aura zrInivAsAcArya ne AnandatIrthakRta bhASya kI TIkA kI hai| appaya dIkSita - svAmI zaGkarAcArya dvArA pratiSThApita advaita sampradAya kI paramparA meM jo ucca koTi ke vidvAn hue haiM unameM appaya dIkSita bhI bahuta prasiddha hai| vidvattA kI dRSTi se inheM vAcaspati mizra, zrIharSa evaM madhusUdana sarasvatI ke samakakSa rakhA jA sakatA hai / ye eka sAtha hI AlaGkArika, vaiyAkaraNa evaM dArzanika the / inheM 'sarvatantra svatantra' kahA jAya to atyukti na hogI / inakA jIvana kAla saM0 1608-1680 vi0 hai / inake pitAmaha AcArya dIkSita evaM pitA raGgarAjAdhvari the / aise paNDitoM kA vaMzadhara hone ke kAraNa inameM ajUta adbhuta pratibhA kA vikAsa honA svAbhAvika hI thA / pitA aura pitAmaha ke saMskArAnusAra inheM advaitamata kI zikSA milI thii| tavApi ye parama zivabhakta the| ataH siddhAnta ke lie grantha racanA karane meM bhI inakI ruci thI / tadanusAra

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40 atharvaveda inhoMne 'zivatattvaviveka' Adi pANDityapUrNa granthoM kI mata) 18. niyamayUthamAlikA (zrIkaNThamata) 19. zivArkaracanA kii| isI samaya namardA tIranivAsI nRsiMhAzrama maNidIpikA 20. ratnatrayaparIkSA (zaivamata) 21. maNisvAmIne inheM apane pitA ke siddhAnta kA anusaraNa karane mAlikA 22. zikhariNImAlA 23. zivatattvaviveka ke lie protsAhita kiyaa| unhIM kI preraNA se inhoMne zivatarkastava 25. brahmatarkastava 26. zivArcanacandrikA parimala, nyAyarakSAmaNi evaM siddhAntaleza nAmaka granthoM 27. zivadhyAnapaddhati 28. Adityastavaratna 29. kI racanA kii| madhvatantramukhamardana 30. yAdavAbhyudaya vyaakhyaa| isake appaya dIkSita apane pitAmaha ke samAna hI vijayanagara atirikta zivakarNAmRta, rAmAyaNatAtparyasaMgraha, zivAdvaitake rAjAoM ke sabhApaNDita the| kucha kAla taka bhaTToji vinirNaya, paJcaratnastava aura usakI vyAkhyA, zivAnandadIkSita ke sAtha inhoMne kAzI meM nivAsa kiyA thA / appaya laharI, durgAcandrakalAstuti aura usakI vyAkhyA, kRSNadIkSita zivabhakta the evaM bhaTroji vaiNNava, to bhI donoM kA dhyAnapaddhati aura usakI vyAkhyA tathA AtmArpaNa Adi sambandha atimadhura thA / donoM hI zAstrajJa the / ataH unakI nibandha bhI inakI utkRSTa kRtiyA~ haiN| dRSTi meM vastutaH ziva aura viSNu meM koI bheda nahIM thaa| appara-sAtavIM, AThavIM tathA navIM zatAbdiyoM meM tamila zivabhakta hote hue bhI inakI racanAoM meM viSNubhakti kA pradeza meM zaiva kaviyoM kA acchA pracAra thaa| sabase pahale pramANa milatA hai| kaI sthAnoM para inhoMne bhaktibhAva se tIna ke nAma Ate haiM, jo pratyeka dRSTi se vaiSNava AlaviSNu kI vandanA kI hai| vAroM ke samAnAntara hI samajhe jA sakate haiN| inheM inake granthoM se sarvatomukhI pratibhA kA paricaya milatA dUsare dhArmika netAoM kI taraha 'nayanAra' kahate haiM, kintu hai| mImAMsA ke to ye dhurandhara paNDita the| inakI alaga se unheM 'tIna' kI saMjJA se jAnA jAtA hai| unake 'zivArkamaNidIpikA' nAma kI pustaka meM inakA mImAMsA, nAma hai-nAna sambandhara, appara evaM sundaramUrti / pahale nyAya, vyAkaraNa evaM alaGkAra zAstra sambandhI pragAr3ha do kA udbhava saptama zatAbdI meM tathA antima kA AThavIM pANDitya pAyA jAtA hai| inhoMne advaitavAdI hokara bhI yA navIM zatAbdI meM huA / AlavAroM ke samAna ye bhI zrIkaNThasampradAyAnusAra 'zivArkamaNidIpikA' meM viziSTA gAyaka kavi the jo ziva kI bhakti meM page hue the / ye dvaita ke pakSa kA pUrNatayA samarthana kiyA hai| isI prakAra eka mandira se dUsare meM ghUmA karate the, apanI racI zAMkara sampradAya ke samarthana meM viracita 'siddhAntaleza' meM stutiyoM ko gAte the tathA naTarAja va unakI priyA umA kI mUrti ke cAroM ora Atmavibhora ho nAcate the / inake advaita siddhAnta kI pUrNatayA rakSA kI hai tathA advaitavAdI, AcAryoM ke matabhedoM kA digdarzana karAyA hai| AcAryoM pIche-pIche logoM kA dala bhI calA karatA thaa| inhoMne purANoM ke paramparAgata zaiva sampradAya kI bhakti kA anuke ekajIvavAda, nAnA jIvavAda, vimba pratibimbavAda, avacchedavAda evaM sAkSitva Adi viSayoM meM bahuta matabheda saraNa kiyA hai| haiN| una sabakA spaSTatayA anubhava kara dIkSitajI ne apratiratha-vipakSa ke mahArathiyoM ko harAnevAlA parAkramI apanA vicAra prakaTa kiyA hai| inake likhe hae granthoM ke vIra, jisake ratha ke sAmane dUsare kA ratha na Thahara sake nAma yahA~ diye jAte haiM arthAt yuddha meM jisakA koI jor3a na ho| yaha eka RSi 1. kuvalayAnanda 2. citramImAMsA 3. vRttivArtika kA bhI nAma hai| aitareya (8.10) tathA zatapathabrAhmaNa 4. nAmasaMgrahamAlA (vyAkaraNa) 5. nakSatravAdAvalI (9.2.3.15) meM inheM Rgveda ke eka sUkta (10.103) vA pANinitantravAdanakSatramAlA 6. prAkRtacandrikA kA draSTA batalAyA gayA hai, jisameM indra kI stuti ajeya ( mImAMsA) 7. citrapuTa 8. vidhirasAyana 9. sukhopa- yoddhA ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| jIvanI 10. upakramaparAkrama 11. vAdanakSatramAlA apsarA-apsaras zabda kA sambandha jala se hai (apjl)| ( vedAnta) 12. parimala 13. nyAyarakSAmaNi 14. kintu gandhavoM kI striyoM ko apsarA kahate haiM, jo apane siddhAntaleza 15. matasArArthasaMgraha (zAGkara siddhAnta) 16. alaukika saundarya ke kAraNa svarga kI nRtyAMganA kahalAtI nyAyamaJjarI (mAdhvamata) 17. nyAyamuktAvalI (rAmAnuja- haiM / ve indra kI sabhA se bhI sambandhita thiiN| jo RSi

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apAna- abhaGga apanI ghora tapasyA ke kAraNa indra ke siMhAsana ke adhikAra kI ceSTA karate the, unheM indra inhIM apsarAoM ke dvArA pathabhraSTa kiyA karatA thA / svarga kI pradhAna apsa - rAoM ke kucha nAma haiM tilottamA, rambhA, urvazI, vRtAcI, menakA Adi / apAna - zvAsa se sambandha rakhane vAle sabhI zabda 'an' dhAtu se banate haiM jinakA artha hai zvAsa lenA athavA prANavAyu kA nAsikArandhoM se grahaNa - visarjana karanA / isakA laiTina samAnArthaka 'animasa' tathA gAya samAnArthaka 'usa nana hai| vAsa-kriyA kA pradhAna zabda jo uparyukta dhAtu se banA hai, vaha hai 'prANa' (prapUrvaka an)| isake antargata pA~ca zabda Ate haiM - prANa, apAna, vyAna, udAna evaM samAna 'prANa' do praNAliyoM kA dyotaka hai, vAyU kA grahaNa karanA tathA nikAlanA / kintu pradhAnatayA isakA artha grahaNa karanA hI hai, tathA 'apAna' kA artha vAyu kA chor3anA 'nizvAsa' hai prANa tathA apAna dvandvasamAsa ke rUpa meM adhikatara vyavahRta hote haiM / kahIM-kahIM apAna kA artha zvAsa lenA evaM prANa kA artha nizvAsa hai| vizva kI kisI bhI jAti ne zvAsapraNAlI kI bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika upAdeyatA para utanA dhyAna nahIM diyA jitanA prAcIna bhAratavAsiyoM ne diyaa| unhoMne ise eka vijJAna mAnA tathA isakA prayoga yaugika evaM yAjJika kamoM meM kiyaa| Aja bhI yaha kalA bhAratabhU para prANavAn hai / de0 'prANa' apAntaratamA - mahAbhArata se yaha bAta spaSTa ho jAtI hai ki tattvajJAna ke pahale AcArya apAntaratamA the / yathA - 'apAntaratamAzcaiva vedAcAryaH sa ucyate / ' yahA~ veda kA artha vedAnta hai / apAntaratamA kI kathA isa prakAra hai : nArAyaNa ke AhvAna karane para sarasvatI se utpanna huA apAntaratamA nAma kA putra sAmane A khar3A huA / nArAyaNa ne use veda kI vyAkhyA karane kI AjJA dI / usane AjJAnusAra svAyambhuva manvantara meM vedoM kA vibhAga kiyaa| taba bhagavAn ne use vara diyA ki 'vaivasvata manvasara meM bhI veda ke pravartaka tuma hI hoge tumhAre vaMza meM kaurava utpanna hoMge / unakI Apasa meM kalaha hogI aura ve saMhAra ke lie taiyAra hoNge| taba tuma apane tapobala se vedoM kA vibhAga karanA / vasiSTha ke kula meM parAzara RSi 41 se tumhArA janma hogaa|' isa kathA se spaSTa hai ki isa RSi ne vedoM kA vibhAga kiyaa| vedAntazAstra ke Adi pravataka bhI yahI RSi haiM / vedAntazAstra para inakA pahale koI grantha rahA ho, aisA bhI sambhava hai / bhagavadgItA meM kahA huA 'brahmasUtra' inhIM kA ho sakatA hai, kyoMki bAdarAyaNa ke brahmasUtra gItA ke bahuta bAda ke haiN| unakI carcA to gItA meM ho hI nahIM sakatI / apAMnapAt veda ke yUphoM ( 7.47, 4.97 evaM 10.9, 30 ) meM ApaH athavA AkAza ke jala ko stuti hai | kintu kadAcit pRthvI ke jala ko bhI isameM sammi lita samajhA gayA hai | Apa kA sthAna sUrya ke pArzva meM hai / varuNa usake bIca ghUmate haiM / indra ne apane vajra se khodakara unakI nahara taiyAra kI hai| 'apAMnapAt' jala kA putra hai, jo agni kA vidyut rUpa hai, kyoMki vaha dinA IMdhana ke camakatA hai| apUrNa havana sAmagrI kI eka vastu jisakA brAhmaNoM aura zrautasUtroM meM prAyaH ullekha huA hai / prAcIna kAla meM roTa, miThAiyoM, bhune va tale annoM kA yajJoM meM havana kiyA jAtA thaa| vedoM meM devoM ko yajJa meM apUpa (pUpa) dene kA nirdeza hai| Aja bhI choTe-choTe grAmadevAlayoM meM roTa, dUdha va phula devatA para car3hAye jAte haiN| ziva ko roTa va piNDa diyA jAtA hai| prAcIna hinduoM ke pAkSika yajJoM meM cAvala ko pakAkara usakA golA banAyA jAtA thA, phira use kaI Tukar3oM meM kATakara usa para ghI chir3aka kara agni meM havana kiyA jAtA thA / ye piNDa ke Tukar3e bhinna-bhinna devoM ke nAma para agni meM diye jAte the jinameM agni bhI eka devatA hotA thaa| yaha sArI kriyA parivAra kA svAmI karatA thA / avazeSa Tukar3oM ko parivAra ke sadasya yApUrvaka (prasAda ke rUpa meM) grahaNa karate the| abhaGga - mahArASTra ke pradhAna tIrtha paNDharapura meM viSNu kI pUjA viThThala athavA viThobA ke nAma se kI jAtI hai| vahA~ mandira meM jAne vAle yAtrI eka prakAra ke pada gAte haiM jinheM abhaGga kahate haiM / ye abhaGga lokabhASA meM race gaye haiM, saMskRta meM nahIM / muktAbAI (1300 I0), tukArAma tathA nAmadeva (1425 I0) ke abhaGga prasiddha haiM / abhaya --- bhaya kA abhAva, athavA jise bhaya nahIM hai / rAjA ke lie abhayadAna sabase bar3A dharma kahA gayA hai :

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42 nAtaH parataro dharmoM nRpANAM yad raNAjitam / viprebhyo dIyate dravyaM prajAbhyazcAbhayaM sadA // (yAjJavalkya) [ rAjAoM ke lie isase bar3hakara koI dharma nahIM hai ki ve meM prApta dhana brAhmaNoM ko deM tathA prajA ko sadA ke yuddha lie abhaya dAna de deM / ] abhayatilaka-- nyAyadarzana ke eka aacaary| inhoMne 'nyAyavRtti' kI racanA kI hai / abhikrozaka-puruSamedha kA eka vali puruSa kadAcit isakA artha 'dUta' hai / bhASyakAra mahIdhara ne isakA artha 'nindaka' batAyA hai / abhicAra - zatru ko mArane ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA prayoga / atharvaveda meM kahe gaye mantra yantra Adi dvArA kiyA gayA mAraNa, uccATana Adi hiMsAtmaka kArya abhicAra kahalAtA hai| vaha chaH prakAra kA hai (1) mAraNa, (2) mohana, (3) stambhana (4) vidveSaNa, (5) uccATana aura (6) vazIkaraNa / yaha eka upapAtaka hai| zyena Adi yajJoM se anaparAdhI ko mAranA pApa hai| abhinavanArAyaNa zaGkarAcArya dvArA aitareya evaM kauSItaki upaniSadoM para likhe gaye bhASyoM para aneka paNDitoM ne TokAeM likhI haiM, jinameM se eka abhinavanArAyaNa bhI hai| abhiniveza-mana kA saMyoga-vizeSa / isake kaI artha haiM-manoniveza, Aveza, zAstra Adi meM praveza Adi / maraNa kI AzaMkA se utpanna bhaya ke artha meM bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| isakI gaNanA paJca klezoM meM hai avidyAsmitA-rAga-dveSa-abhinivezAH paJca klezAH / ( yogadarzana) / Asakti, anurAga aura abhilASa ke lie bhI yaha zabda prayukta hotA hai| 'balIyAn sala me abhinivezaH / ' ( abhijJAnazAkuntala) [merA anurAga bahuta balavAn hai ] de0 'paJcakleza' / abhinItaittirIya brAhmaNa evaM vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM varNita puruSamedha yajJa kI balisUcI meM 'abhipraznI' kA ullekha huA hai| yaha zabda 'praznI' ke bAda evaM 'prAznaviveka' ke pahale uddhRta hai / bhASyakAra sAyaNa evaM mahIdhara ne ise kevala jijJAsu ke artha meM liyA hai / kintu yahA~ isa zabda se 'kucha vaidhAnikatA kA bodha hotA hai| nyAyAlaya meM vAda abhayatilaka- abhiSeka upasthita karane vAle ko praznI ( praznin) prativAdI ko abhipraznI ( abhipraznan ) aura nyAyAdhIza ko prAznaviveka kahA jAtA thA / abhizApa - kisI aparAdha ke lie kroma rUSTa vyakti dvArA aniSTa kathana karanA evaM siddhoM ke aniSTakAraka vacanoM ko zApa kahA jAtA hai: yasyAbhizApAd duHkhArto duHkhaM vindati nepadhaH / ( nalopAkhyAna ) utpanna hone para brAhmaNa, guru, vRddha [ jisake zApa se duHkhapIDita nala kaSTa pA rahA hai| ] abhizrI - yaha zabda usa dUdha kA bodha karAtA hai jo yajJa meM somarasa ke sAtha AhUti dene ke pUrva milAyA jAtA thaa| abhiSeka mantrapATha ke sAtha pavitra jala siMcana yA snAna / yajurveda, aneka brAhmaNoM evaM cAroM vedoM kI zrauta kriyAoM meM hama abhiSecanIya kRtya ko rAjasUya ke eka aMga ke rUpa meM pAte haiM / aitareya brAhmaNa meM to abhiSeka hI mukhya viSaya hai| dhArmika abhiSeka vyakti athavA vastuoM kI zuddhi ke rUpa meM vizva kI ati prAcIna paddhati hai| anya dezoM meM anumAna lagAyA jAtA hai ki abhiSeka rudhira se hotA thA jo vIratA kA sUcaka samajhA jAtA thA / zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 5.4.2.2 ) ke anusAra isa kriyA dvArA tejasvitA evaM zakti vyakti vizeSa meM jAgRta kI jAtI hai| aitareya brAhmaNa kA mata hai ki yaha dhArmika kRtya sAmrAjya zakti kI prApti ke lie kiyA jAtA thA / mahAbhArata meM yudhiSThira kA abhiSeka do bAra huA thA pahalA sabhAparva kI (33.45) digvijayoM ke pazcAt adhikRta rAjAoM kI upasthiti meM rAjasUya ke eka aMza ke rUpa meM tathA dUsarA bhArata yuddha ke pazcAt / mahArAja azoka kA abhiSeka rAjyArohaNa ke cAra varSa bAda evaM harSa zIlAditya kA abhiSeka bhI aise hI vilamba se huA thA / prAyaH samrAToM kA hI abhiSeka hotA thaa| isake ullekha bRhatkathA, kSemendra (17), somadeva ( 15.110) tathA abhilekhoM meM (epigrAphiyA iMDikA, 1.4.5.6) pAye jAte haiM / sAdhAraNa rAjAoM ke abhiSeka ke udAharaNa kama hI prApta haiM, kintu svatantra hone kI sthiti meM ye bhI apanA abhiSeka karAte the / mahAbhArata ( zA0 pa0 ) rAjA ke abhiSeka ko kisI bhI deza ke lie Avazyaka batalAtA hai| yuvarAjoM ke abhi paMka ke udAharaNa bhI paryApta prApta hote haiM, yathA rAma ke 'yauvarAjyabhiSeka' kA rAmAmaNa meM vizada varNana hai, yadyapi

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abhiSecanIya-a(bhya)vyaGga yaha rAma ke antima rAjyArohaNa ke samaya hI pUrNa huA hai| thA evaM purohita tathA brAhmaNa dakSiNA pAte the / agnipurANa yaha puSyAbhiSeka kA udAharaNa hai / atharvaveda pariziSTa (4), evaM mAnasAra ke anusAra rAjA nagara kI pradakSiNA dvArA varAhamihira kI bRhatsaMhitA (48) evaM kAlikApurAga isa kriyA ko samApta karatA thaa| agnipurANa isa avasara (89) meM batAyA gayA hai ki yaha saMskAra candramA tathA para bandiyoM kI mukti kA bhI varNana karatA hai, jaisA ki puSya nakSatra ke saMyoga kAla (pauSamAsa) meM honA caahie| dUsare zubha avasaroM para bhI hotA thaa| abhiSeka mantriyoM kA bhI hotA thaa| harSacarita meM abhiSecanIya-de0 'abhiSeka' / rAjaparivAra ke sabhAsadoM ke abhiSeka ( mardhAbhiSiktA abhISTa tRtIyA-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA ko prAraMbha amAtyA rAjAnaH) evaM purohitoM ke lie 'bRhaspatisava' kA hotA hai / isameM gaurIpUjana kiyA jAtA hai| de0 skanda ullekha hai| mUttiyoM kA abhiSeka unakI pratiSThA ke samaya purANa, kAzIkhaNDa, 83. 1-18 / / hotA thaa| isake lie dUdha, jala (vividha prakAra kA). abhISTa saptamI-kisI bhI mAsa kI saptamI ko yaha vrata gAya kA gobara Adi padArthoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM pAtAla, pRthvI, dvIpoM tathA bauddhoM ne apanI dasa bhamiyoM meM se antima kA nAma sAgaroM kA pUjana hotA hai / de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 'abhiSekabhami' athavA pUrNatA kI avasthA kahA hai| abhedaratna-vedAnta kA eka prakaraNa-grantha jisakI racanA abhiSeka kA artha kisI bhI dhArmika snAna ke rUpa meM agni solahavIM zatAbdI meM dAkSiNAtya vidvAna zrI mallanArAdhya purANa meM kiyA gayA hai| - abhiSeka kI sAmagriyoM kA varNana rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, ne kI thii| agnipurANa evaM mAnasAra meM prApta hai| rAmAyaNa evaM mahA- abhya vyaGgasaptamI-zrAvaNa zukla saptamI / isakA kRtya pratyeka bhArata se patA calatA hai ki vaidika abhiSeka saMskAra meM varSa manAyA jAtA hai, jisameM sUrya ko 'avyaGga' samarpita taba yatheSTa parivartana ho cukA thA / agnipurANa kA to kiyA jAtA hai / kRtyakalpataru ke pratakANDa (pR0 150) meM vaidika kriyA se ekadama mela nahIM hai / taba taka bahuta se avyaGga kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gayI hai : "sapheda sUta naye vizvAsa isameM bhara gaye the, jinakA zatapathabrAhmaNa meM ke dhAge se sA~pa kI keMculo ke samAna polA avyaGga banAyA nAma bhI nahIM hai| abhiSeka ke eka dina pUrva rAjA kI jaay| isakI lambAI adhika se adhika 122 aMgula, zuddhi kI jAtI thI, jisameM snAna pradhAna thaa| yaha nizcaya madhyama rUpa se 120 athavA kama se kama 108 aMgula honI hI vaidikI dIkSA ke samAna thA, yathA (1) mantriyoM kI caahie|" isakI tulanA Adhunika pArasiyoM dvArA pahanI niyukti, jo pahale athavA abhiSeka ke avasara para kI jAtI jAne vAlI 'kustI' se kI jA sakatI hai| de0 bhaviSyathI; (2) rAjya ke ratnoM kA cunAva, isameM eka rAnI, eka purANa (brAhmaparva), 111.1-8 (kRtyakalpataru ke vratakANDa hAthI, eka zveta azva, eka zveta vRSabha, eka athavA do; meM uddhRta); hemAdri, vrata-khaNDa, jilda prathama, 741-743; zveta chatra, eka zveta camara (3) eka Asana (bhadrAsana, vrataprakAza (patrAtmaka 116) / bhaviSyapurANa' (brAhma0) siMhAsana, bhadrapITha, paramAsana) jo sone kA banA hotA thA 142. 1-29 meM hameM avyaGgotpatti kI kathA dRSTigocara tathA vyAghracarma se AcchAdita rahatA thA; (4) eka yA hotI hai / isake aThArahaveM padya meM 'sArasanaH' zabda AtA aneka svarNapAtra jo vibhinna jaloM, madhu, dugdha, ghRta, uda hai jo hameM 'sAracena' (eka bAharI jAti) kI smRti dilAtA mbaramala tathA vibhinna prakAra kI vastuoM se paripUrNa hote hai| 'avyaGgAkhya vrata' ke lie de0 nAradapurANa 1. 116, the / mukhya snAna ke samaya rAjA rAnI ke sAtha Asana para baiThatA thA aura kevala rAjapurohita hI nahIM apitu anya lagatA hai ki saMskRta kA avyaGga zabda pArasI 'avestA' mantrI, sambandhI evaM nAgarika Adi bhI usako abhiSikta ke 'aivyaGghana' kA parivartita rUpa hai / avestA ke zabda kA karate the / saMskAra indra kI prArthanA ke sAtha pUrA hotA thA artha hai 'kaTisUtra', mekhalA yA krdhnii| bhaviSya purANa jisase rAjA ko devoM ke rAjA indra ke tulya samajhA jAtA ke 163 zloka meM jo 'jadi rAnA' ke prasaMga meM avyaGga thA / gajyArohaNa ke pazcAta rAjA upahAra vitaraNa karatA zabda AyA hai, vaha lagatA hai, una pArasI logoM kA kaTi

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44 sUtra hI hai jo sthAnAntarita hokara bhArata Aye the aura apanI kamara para UnI 'kuztI' sadra nAma ke vastra para dadhite the| pArasiyoM kI 'kuztI ke donoM chora sarpa kI mukhAkRti ke hote haiM jisameM barAbara kI dUrI rakhate hue gA~TheM lagAyI jAtI hai de0 ema0 ema0 murajabAna kI 'pArasIja ina iNDiyA' prathama jitya pRSTha 93 / pratIta hotA hai ki sUrya kI yaha pUjA yahA~ para IrAna se AyI athavA pArasiyoM kI dainika caryA se gRhIta huI / varAhamihira kI bRhatsaMhitA (59 19) meM likhA hai ki sUrya ke pujArI yA to maga loga hoM athavA zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNa de0 iNDiyana eNTiviTI, jilda AThavIM 0328 tathA kRSNadAsa mizra kA 'maga vyakti' / abhyutthAna- kisI atithi ke Agamana para saMmAnArtha uThane kI kriyA alamalamabhyutthAnena, nanu sarvasyAbhyAgato gururiti bhavAnevAsmAkaM pUjyaH / ( nAgAnanda ) [Apa na uThie / abhyAgata nizcaya hI sabakA guru hotA hai, Apa hI hama logoM ke pUjya haiM / ] amaGgala -- jisase zubha nahIM hotA / bahuta se azubhasUcaka padArtha mAGgalika mAne jAte haiN| vivAha Adi utsava, yAtrA tathA kisI bhI kAryArambha ke samaya amaGgala ko bacAyA jAtA hai / amarakaNTaka- - madhya pradeza kA eka pavitra aura prasiddha tIrtha sthAna isakA zAbdika artha hai (amara + kaNTaka) 'devatAoM kA zikhara' / yaha vilAsapura jile meM mekala kI zrRMkhalA para sthita hai| yahA~ para narmadA kA udgama hai, jisake kAraNa narmadA 'mekalasutA' kahalAtI hai / prativarSa sahasroM tIrthayAtrI amarakaNTaka se calakara narmadA ke kinAre-kinAre saMbhAta kI khAr3I taka parikramA karane jAte haiM jahA~ narmadA samudra meM milatI hai| amarakaNTaka madhyabhArata kA jalavibhAjaka hai / yahA~ se sona uttarapUrva kI ora, mahAnadI pUrva kI ora aura narmadA pazcima kI ora bahatI hai| Aja bhI amarakaNTaka janAkIrNa pradezoM se alaga ekAnta meM sthita hai| ataH isakI pavitratA adhika surakSita hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra meghadUta (1. 17) kA AmrakUTa yahI hai| mArkaNDeya purANa (a0 17) meM isako soma parvata athavA surathAdri amaMgala amaraloka khaNDadhAma kahA gayA hai| matsyapurANa (22-28) kurukSetra se bhI adhika pavitratA amarakaNTaka ko pradAna karatA hai / de0 'narmadA' | amaravAsa -- sikkhoM ke dasa guruoM meM inakA tIsarA krama hai| ye guru aGgada ke pazcAt gaddI para baiThe inhoMne bahuta se / bhajana likhe haiM jo 'gurugrantha sAhaba' meM saMgRhIta hai| amaranAtha-kazmIra kA prasiddha zaiva tIrtha, jo himAlaya kI bhairava ghATI zrRMkhalA meM sthita hai| samudrastara se 16000 phuTa kI UMcAI para parvata meM yahAM lagabhaga 16 phuTa lambI, 25 se 30 phuTa caur3I aura 15 phuTa U~cI prAkRtika guphA hai / usameM hima ke prAkRtika pITha para himanirmita prAkRtika zivaliGga hai| yaha dhAraNA saca nahIM hai ki yaha zivaliGga amAvasyA ko nahIM rahatA aura zukla pakSa kI pratipadA se vanatA huA pUrNimA ko pUrNa ho jAtA hai tathA kRSNa pakSa kI pratipadA se kramazaH ghaTatA hai| pUrNimA se bhinna tithiyoM meM yAtrA karake ise dekha liyA gayA hai ki aisI koI bAta nahIM hai / himanirmita zivaliGga jAr3oM meM svataH banatA hai aura bahuta mandagati se ghaTatA hai parantu kabhI pUrNa lupta nahIM hotA / amaranAtha guphA meM eka gaNezapITha tathA eka pArvatIpITha hima se banatA hai / avazya hI amaranAtha kI eka adbhuta vizeSatA hai ki yaha himaliGga tathA pITha Thosa pakkI barapha kA hotA hai, jabaki guphA ke bAhara mIloM taka sarva kaccI barapha milatI hai| amaranAtha guphA se nIce sindhu kI eka sahAyaka nadI amaragaMgA kA pravAha hai| yAtrI isameM snAna karake guphA meM jAte haiN| savArI ke ghor3e adhikatara eka yA Adha mIla dUra hI ruka jAte haiM / amaragaGgA se lagabhaga do pharlAMga Upara guphA meM jAnA par3atA hai| guphA meM jahA~-tahA~ bUMdabUMda karake jala TapakatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki guphA ke Upara parvata para rAmakuNDa haiM aura usI kA jala guphA meM TapakatA hai| guphA ke pAsa eka sthAna se sapheda bhasma-jaisI miTTI nikalatI hai, jise yAtrI prasAda svarUpa lAte haiN| guphA meM vanya kabUtara bhI dikhAI dete haiN| yadi varSAna hotI ho, bAdala na hoM, dhUpa nikalI ho to guphA meM zIta kA koI bhI anubhava nahIM hotA / pratyeka dazA meM isa guphA meM yAtrI anirvacanIya adbhuta sAtvikatA tathA zAnti kA anubhava karatA hai| amaraloka khaNDadhAma - svAmI caraNadAsa kRta 'amaraloka

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amalAnanda-amRta 45 khaNDadhAma' aThArahavIM zatAbdI kA eka vaiSNava yogamata rAjAoM dvArA nirmita huA thaa| de0 jarnala oNpha rAyala kA grantha hai| eziyATika sosAyaTI, jilda 3, pR0, 132 / amalAnanda AcArya amalAnanda kA prAdurbhAva dakSiNa bhArata amA-candramaNDala kI solahavIM kalA : meM huaa| ve yAdava rAjA mahAdeva aura rAmacandra ke sama- amA SoDazabhAgena devi proktA mhaaklaa| sAmayika the |devgiri ke rAjA mahAdeva ne vi0 saM0 1317- saMsthitA paramA mAyA dehinAM dehadhAriNI / / 1328 taka zAsana kiyaa| vi0 saM0 1354 meM rAmacandra (skanda purANa, prabhAsa khaNDa) para alAuddIna ne AkramaNa kiyA thaa| amalAnanda ne apane [he devI, candramA kI solaha kalAoM se yukta AdhAragrantha 'vedAntakalpataru' meM grantha racanA ke kAla ke viSaya zakti rUpa, kSaya evaM udaya se rahita, nitya phUloM kI meM jo kucha likhA hai, usase mAlUma hotA hai ki donoM mAlA ke samAna sabameM guthI haI amA nAma kI mahAkalA rAjAoM ke samaya meM grantha likhA gayA thaa| jAna par3atA hai kahI gayI hai| ] ki amalAnanda terahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM hae aura unakA amAvasyA-kRSNa pakSa kI antima tithi / isa tithi meM grantha vi0 saM0 1354 ke pUrva likhA gayA thA, kyoMki usameM candramA tathA sUrya eka sAtha rahate haiM / yaha candramaNDala kI alAuddIna ke AkramaNa kA ullekha nahI milatA / ve deva- pandrahavIM kalA rUpa hai athavA usa kriyA se upalakSita kAla giri rAjya ke antargata kisI sthAna meM rahate the| unake hai| sUrya aura candramA kA jo paraspara milana hotA hai use janmasthAna Adi ke viSaya meM kucha nahIM mAlUma hotaa|- amAvasyA kahate haiM (gobhil)| usake payayi haiM : amAunake guru kA nAma anubhavAnanda thaa|| vAsyA, darza, sUryacandra-saMgama, paJcadazI, amAvasI, amAvAsI, amalAnanda advaitamata ke samarthaka the| unake likhe tona amAmasI, amAmAsI / jisa amAvasyA kI candrakalA dikhAI grantha milate haiM : pahalA 'vedAntakalpataru' hai jisameM vAcaspati de vaha 'sinIvAlI' aura jisakI candrakalA na dikhAI de mizra kI 'bhAmatI' TIkA kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| yaha vaha 'kuhU' kahalAtI hai / bhI advaita mata kA prAmANika graMtha mAnA jAtA hai aura bAda amAvasyApayovrata-yaha vrata pratyeka amAvasyA ko kevala ke AcAryoM ne isase bhI pramANa grahaNa kiyA hai| dUsarA hai dugdha pAna ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai aura eka varSa taka 'zAstradarpaNa' / isameM brahmasUtra ke adhikaraNoM kI vyAkhyA calatA hai / isameM viSNu-pUjana hotA hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakI gayI hai / tIsarA grantha hai 'paJcapAdikA drpnn'| yaha khaNDa, 2, 254 / / padmapAdAcArya kI 'paJcapAdikA' kI vyAkhyA hai / ina tInoM - amAvasyAvata-kUrmapurANa ke anusAra yaha zivajI kA vrata granthoM kI bhASA prAJjala aura bhAva gambhIra haiN| hai / purANoM ke anusAra amAvasyA yadi soma, maGgala yA amarAvatI--(1) jisa nagarI meM devatA loga rahate haiM / ise guru ko par3e, sAtha hI anurAdhA, vizAkhA evaM svAti indrapurI bhI kahate haiM / isake paryAya hai-(1) pUSabhAsA, nakSatroM ke sAtha ho, to vizeSa pavitra samajhI jAtI hai| (2) devapUH, (3) mahendranagarI, (4) amarA aura (5) amAvasyA evaM pratipadA ke yoga se amAvasyA tathA caturdazI surpurii| kA yoga acchA samajhA jAtA hai| (2) sImAnta pradeza (pAkistAna ) meM jalAlA- amRta-jisase maraNa nahIM hotaa| isake pIne vAloM kI bAda se do mIla pazcima nagarahAra / phAhiyAna isako 'ne- mRtyu nahIM hotI, isIlie ise amRta kahate haiN| yaha samudra kiye-loho' kahatA / pAli sAhitya kI amarAvatI yahI / se nikalA haA, devatAoM ke pIne yogya tathA amaratva hai| koNDaNNa buddha ke samaya meM yaha nagara aThAraha 'lI' pradAna karane vAlA dravya vizeSa hai| mahAbhArata meM amRta vistRta thA / yahIM para unakA prathama upadeza huA thaa| kI utpatti kI kathA isa prakAra hai : "jisa samaya rAjA (3) amarAvatI nAmaka stUpa, jo dakSiNa bhArata ke kRSNA pRthu ke bhaya se pRthvI go bana gayI usa samaya devatAoM ne 'jale meM bejavAr3A se pazcima aura dharaNIkoTa ke dakSiNa indra ko bachar3A banAkara sone ke pAtra meM amRta rUpa dUdha kRSNA ke dakSiNa taTa para sthita hai| huyenasAMga kA pUrva zaila duhA / vaha durvAsA ke zApa se samudra meM calA gyaa| isake saMghArAma yahI hai / yaha stupa 370-380I0 meM AndhrabhRtya anantara sasudra ke manthana dvArA a ta se pUrNa kalaza ko

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48 amRtabindUpa niNSad-ambikA lekara dhanvantari bAhara aaye|" usake paryAya hai pIyUSa, isa maMdira ko 'daravAra sAhaba' (guru kA darabAra) bhI kahate sudhA, nirjara, samudranavanItaka / jala, ghRta, yajJazeSa dravya, haiN| dazama guru goviMdasiMha ne guru kA pada samApta kara ayAcita vastu, mukti aura AtmA ko bhI amRta kahate haiN| usake sthAna para 'grantha sAhaba' kI pratiSThA kii| 'grantha madhyayugIna tAntrika sAdhanAoM meM amRta kI paryApta khoja sAhaba' hI isameM padharAye jAte haiM / pratidina akAlabuMgA se huii| vaha rasarUpa mAnA gayA / pIche usake haThayoga- 'grantha sAhaba' yahA~ vidhivat lAye jAte aura rAtri ko paraka artha kiye gye| siddhoM ne use mahAsukha athavA vApasa kiye jAte haiM / isa tIrtha meM hari kI pauDI, ar3asaTha sahajarasa mAnA / tAntrika kriyAoM meM vAruNI ( madirA) tIrtha, dukhabhaMjana verI Adi anya pavitra sthAna haiN| isakA pratIka hai / candramA se jo amata jharatA hai use jaliyAna vAlA bAga meM janarala oDAyara dvArA kiye gaye haThayoga meM saccA amRta kahA gayA hai / santoM ne tAntrikoM naramedha ke kAraNa amRtasara rASTrIya tIrtha bhI bana gayA hai / kI vAruNI kA niSedha kara haThayogiyoM ke somarasa ko guru nAnaka vizvavidyAlaya kI sthApanA ke pazcAt yaha svIkAra kiyaa| vaiSNava bhaktoM ne bhakti ko hI rasAyana prasiddha zikSAkendra ke rUpa meM bhI vikasita ho rahA hai| athavA amRta maanaa| amRtAnubhava-mahArASTra ke prasiddha santa aura nAtha sampradAya amRtabindu upaniSada-paravartI choTI upaniSadeM, jo prAyaH ke AcArya zrI jJAnezvara kRta trayodaza zatAbdI kA dainandina jIvana kI AcAra niyamAvalI sadRza haiM, do marAThI padya meM racita, yaha ata zaiva darzana kA anUThA samUhoM meM bA~TI jA sakatI haiM-eka saMnyAsaparaka aura grantha hai| dUsarA yogaparaka / amatabiMdu upaniSad dUsarI zreNI meM amRtAharaNa-garuDa / ve apanI mAtA vinatA ko sapatnI kI meM AtI hai tathA cUlikA kA anusaraNa karatI hai| dAsatA se mukta karane ke lie saba devatAoM ko jItakara aura amRtasara-bhArata ke prasiddha tIrthoM meM isakI gaNanA hai| amRta kI rakSA karane vAle yantroM ko bhI lA~dhakara svarga sikkha saMpradAya kA to yaha pramukha tIrtha aura nagara hai / yaha se amRta le Aye the| purANoM meM yaha kathA vistAra se vartamAna paMjAba ke pazcimottara meM lAhaura se battIsa mIla vaNita hai| pUrva sthita hai| amRtasara kA artha hai 'amRta kA srovr|' yaha ambaranAtha-kokaNa pradeza sthita zaiva tIrtha / yahA~ zilAhAra prAcIna pavitra sthala thA, parantu sikkha guruoM ke saMparka nareza mAmbANi kA banavAyA, koNa pradeza kA sabase se isakA mahattva bahuta bddh'aa| yahA~ sarovara ke bIca meM prAcIna, maMdira hai| isa mandira kI kalA utkRSTa hai| sikkha dharma kA svarNamaMdira hai| sikkha paramparA ke anusAra ambaranAtha ziva kA darzana karane dUra-dUra se vahata loga sarvaprathama guru nAnaka (1469-1538 I0) ne yahA~ yAtrA Ate haiN| kii| tRtIya guru amaradAsa bhI yahA~ pdhaare| sarovara kA ambuvAcI-varSA ke sUcaka lakSaNoM se yukta bhUmi / pRthvI ke vistAra caturtha guru rAmadAsa ke samaya meM huaa| paMcama guru devI rUpa ke do pahalU hai; eka udAra dUsarA vikarAla / arjuna (1588 I0) ke samaya devAlayoM kA nirmANa prArambha udAra pakSa meM devI sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kI mAtA aura bhojana huA / paravartI guruoM kA dhyAna idhara AkRSTa nahIM huaa| dene vAlI kahI jAtI hai| isa pakSa meM vaha anekoM nAmoM bIca-bIca meM musalamAna AkramaNakAriyoM ne isa sthAna ko se pukArI jAtI hai, yathA bhUdevI, dharatImAtA, vasundharA, kaI bAra dhvasta aura bhraSTa kiyaa| kintu sikkha dharmAva- ambuvAcI, vasumatI, ThakurAnI aadi| lambiyoM ne isakI pavitratA surakSita rakhI aura isakA ambA bhavAnI-ambA bhavAnI kI pUjA mahArASTra meM 17 vIM punaruddhAra kiyA / 1766 I0 meM vartamAna maMdira kA punaH zatAbdI meM adhika pracalita thii| gondhala nAmaka nRtya nirmANa huaa| phira isakA uttarottara zRMgAra aura devI ke sammAna meM hotA thA tathA devI sambandhI gIta bhI vistAra hotA gyaa| sAtha sAtha gAye jAte the| nagara meM pA~ca sarovara haiM-amRtasara, saMtoSasara, ambikA-zivapatnI pArvatI ke anekoM nAma tathA svarUpa rAyasara, vivekasara tathA kamalasara ( kaulsr)| inameM haiN| hindU vizvAsoM meM unakA sthAna ziva se kucha hI ghaTaamatasara pramukha hai, jisake bIca meM svarNamaMdira sthita hai| kara hai, kintu ardhanArIzvara rUpa meM hama unheM ziva kI

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ambikeya-araNya atha samAnatA ke pada para pAte haiN| devI, umA, pArvatI, gaurI, ayoga-vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM uddhRta zilpakAroM ke durgA, bhavAnI, kAlI, kapAlinI, cAmuNDA Adi unake sAtha yaha zabda AyA hai, jisakA artha saMbhavataH lohAra hai / vividha guNoM ke nAma haiM / inakA 'kumArI' nAma kumAriyoM yaha mizrita jAti (zUdra pitA va vaizya mAtA se utpanna) kA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| vaise hI inakA 'ambikA' sadasya ho sakatA hai| vebara ne isakA artha duzcaritra strI ( choTI mAtA ) nAma bhI pratinidhitvasUcaka hI hai| lagAyA hai, jaba ki jimara ise bhrAtahIna lar3akI mAnate haiM / ambikeya-ambikA kA apatya puruSa / kAtikeya, gaNeza, ayodhyA-sarayataTa para basI ati prAcIna nagarI / yaha ikSvAdhRtarASTra / (pANini ke anusAra Ambikeya / ) kuvaMzI rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI evaM bhagavAn rAma kA janmaambuvAcIvrata-saura ASAr3ha meM jaba sUrya ArdrA nakSatra ke sthAna hai| bhAratavarSa kI sAta pavitra puriyoM meM isakA prathama caraNa meM ho isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / prathama sthAna hai : de0 varSakRtyakaumudI, 283; bhoja kA rAjamArtaNDa / ayodhyA mathurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI avantikA / ayam AtmA brahma-'yaha AtmA hI brahma hai'-siddhAnta purI dvArAvatI caiva saptatA mokSadAyikAH / / vAkya / yaha bRhadAraNyakopaniSad (2.5.19) kA mantra (brahmapurANa, 4.40.91; agnipurANa, 109.24) hai aura una mahAvAkyoM meM se eka hai jo upaniSadoM ke yaha mukhyataH vaiSNava tIrtha hai / tulasIdAsa ne apane rAmakendrIya viSaya AtmA aura paramAtmA ke abheda para prakAza caritamAnasa kI racanA lokabhASA avadhI meM yahIM prArambha DAlate haiN| kI thii| yahA~ aneka vaiSNava mandira haiM, jinameM rAmajanmaayana-kAla-vibhAjana meM 'avasarpiNI' evaM 'upasapiNI' artha sthAna, kanakabhavana, hanumAnagar3hI Adi prasiddha hai| do ayanoM kA hai / yaha sUrya ke chaH mAsa uttara rahane se (utta- skandapurANa (1.54.65) ke anusAra isakA AkAra rAyaNa) tathA chaH mAsa dakSiNa rahane se (dakSiNAyana) bntaa| matsya ke samAna hai / isakA vistAra eka yojana pUrva, eka hai| pratyeka bhAga ke chaH mAsoM kA artha eka ayana hotA hai| yojana pazcima, eka yojana sarayU ke dakSiNa aura eka yojana ayanavrata-ayana sUrya kI gati para nirbhara hote haiN| inameM tamasA ke uttara hai / tIrthakalpa (a0 34) ke anusAra yaha aneka vratoM kA vidhAna hai / ayana do haiM-uttarAyaNa tathA bAraha yojana lambI aura nau yojana caur3I hai / yoginIdakSiNAyana / ye kramazaH zAnta tathA krUra dhArmika pUjAoM ke tantra (24 pR0, 128-29) meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| lie upayukta haiN| dakSiNAyana meM mAtRdevatAoM kI prati- isake anusAra yaha bAraha yojana lambI aura tIna yojana mAoM ke atirikta bhairava, varAha, narasiMha, vAmana tathA caur3I hai| yaha prAcIna kosala kI rAjadhAnI thI, jisakI durgAdevI kI pratimAoM kI sthApanA hotI hai / de0 kRtya- sthApanA manu ne kI thii| ratnAkara, 218; hemAdri, catUvargacintAmaNi, 16; samaya- jaina tIrthakara AdinAtha kA janma yahoM huA thaa| mayUkha, 173 / bauddha sAhitya kA sAketa yahI hai| TAlemI ne 'sugada' aura ayAsya AGgirasa-isa RSi kA nAma Rgveda ke do pari- huyenasAMga ne 'ayute' nAma se isakA ullekha kiyA hai cchedoM meM ullikhita hai tathA inheM anukramaNI meM aneka (vaiTarsa : yuvA-vAMgs Traivelsa ina iNDiyA, pR0 354) / mantroM ( 9.44.6; 10.67-68) kA draSTA kahA gayA vistRta varNana ke lie de0 DaoN0 vimalacaraNa lAhA kA hai| brAhmaNa-paramparA meM ye usa rAjasUya ke udgAtA the, ayodhyA para nibandha (jarnala oNpha gaMgAnAtha jhA risarca jisameM zanaHzepa kI bali dI jAnevAlI thii| inake iMsTITyUTa, jilda 1, 10423-443) / udgItha (sAmagAna) dusare sthAnoM meM uddhRta haiN| kaI araNi-yajJAgni utpanna karane ke lie manthana karane vAlI granthoM meM inheM yajJakriyAvidhAna kA mAnya adhikArI lakar3I / gharSaNa se utpanna agni ko yajJa ke lie pavitra (paJcaviMza brA0 14.3, 22;12, 4; 11.8, 10; bR0 mAnA jAtA hai / vAstava meM pArthiva agni bhI mUla meM vanoM u0 1.3. 8, 19, 24; kau0 brA0 30.6) btlaayaa| meM gharSaNa ke dvArA hI utpanna huI thii| yaha mUla ghaTanA gayA hai| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad kI vaMzAvalI meM ayAsya aba taka yajJoM ke rUpaka meM surakSita hai| AGgirasa ko AbhUti tvASTra kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| araNya-AcArya zaGkara jaise samartha dArzanika the vaise hI

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48 araNyadvAdazI-arundhatI vedAntamata ke saMnyAsiyoM ke sampradAya ke yogya vyavasthA- tathA skanda bhagavAna kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / vratI logoM paka bhii| unhoMne saMnyAsiyoM ko dasa zreNiyoM meM bA~TA ko apanI saMtati ke svAsthya kI AzA se kamaladaNDoM thaa| inameM se 'araNya' eka zreNI hai| pratyeka zreNI kA nAma athavA kanda-mUloM kA AhAra karanA caahie| de0 kRtyausake netA ke nAma se unhoMne rakhA thaa| eka zreNI ke ratnAkara, 184; varSakRtyakaumudI, 279 / netA araNya the| araNyAnI--araNyAnI ( vanadevI) kA varNana Rgveda (10. araNyadvAdazI-mArgazIrSa zukla ekAdazI athavA kArtika, 146) meM prApta hotA hai / vahA~ vanadevI yA vanakumArI ko, mAgha, caitra athavA zrAvaNa zukla ekAdazI ko prAtaHkAla jo vana kI niHzabdatA tathA ekAnta kA pratIka hai, sambosnAna-dhyAna se nivRtta hokara yaha vratArambha kiyA jAtA hai| dhita kiyA gayA hai / vaha lajjAlu evaM bhayabhIta hai tathA vana yaha vrata eka varSaparyanta calatA hai| isake devatA govinda kI bhUlabhulaiyA meM apanA patha kho cukI hai| vaha tabataka haanihai| kinhIM bAraha sapatnIka brAhmaNoM, yatiyoM athavA prada nahIM hai, jaba taka ki koI vana ke bohar3a pradezoM meM praveza gRhasthoM ko, jo sadvyavahArakuzala hoM, unakI patniyoM karane tathA devI ke baccoM (jaMgalI jantuoM) ko cher3ane kA sahita, atyanta svAdiSTha bhojana karAnA caahie| de0 dussAhasa na kare / vana meM rAta ko jo eka hajAra eka bhayAhemAdri 1, 1091-1094 / kucha hastalikhita pothiyoM meM banI dhvaniyA~ hotI haiM unakA yahA~ vividhatA se varNana hai| ise 'aparA dvAdazI' kahA gayA hai| aruNa-sUrya kA sArathi / yaha vinatA kA putra aura garuDa kA araNya-ziSyaparamparA-AcArya zaGkara kI ziSya paramparA meM jeSTha bhrAtA hai| eka upanAma araNya hai| unake cAra pradhAna ziSya the-padma- paurANika kalpanA ke anusAra yaha paMgu (pA~varahita) pAda, hastAmalaka, surezvara aura troTaka / inameM prathama hai| prAyaH sUryamandiroM ke sAmane aruNa-stambha sthApita ke do ziSya the; tIrtha aura Azrama / hastAmalaka ke do kiyA jAtA hai| ziSya the; vana aura araNya / surezvara ke tIna ziSya the; isakA bhautika AdhAra hai sUryodaya ke pUrva aruNimA giri, parvata aura sAgara / isI prakAra troTaka ke tIna (laalii)| isI kA rUpaka hai aruNa / ziSya the; sarasvatI, bhAratI evaM purI / isa prakAra cAra aruNa aupavezi gautama-taittirIya saMhitA, maitrAyaNI saMhitA, mukhya ziSyoM ke saba milAkara dasa ziSya the / inhIM dasa kAThaka saMhitA, taittirIya brAhmaNa, zatapatha brAhmaNa aura ziSya saMnyAsiyoM ke kAraNa inakA sampradAya 'dasanAmI' bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM aruNa aupavezi gautama ko sarvakahalAyA / zaGkarAcArya ne cAra mukhya ziSyoM ke cAra maTha guNa sampanna adhyApaka (AcArya) batalAyA gayA hai / inakA sthApita kiye, jinameM unake dasa praziSyoM kI ziSyaparamparA putra prasiddha uddAlaka AruNi thaa| vaha upaveza kA ziSya calI AtI hai / cAra mukhya ziSyoM ke praziSya kramazaH tathA rAjakumAra azvapati kA samasAmayika thA, jisakI zRMgerI, zAradA, govarddhana aura jyotirmaTha ke adhikArI saMgati dvArA use brahmajJAna prApta huaa| haiM / pratyeka dasanAmI saMnyAsI inhIM meM se kisI na kisI aruNodaya--rAtri ke antima prahara kA ardha bhAga / de. hemAdri, maTha se sambandhita rahatA hai| yadyapi dasanAmI brahma yA kAla para caturvargacintANaNi, 259, 272; kAlanirNaya, nirguNa upAsaka prasiddha haiM para unameM se bahutere zava mata kI 241 / isa kAla kA upayoga sandhyA, bhajana, pUjana Adi dIkSA lete haiM / zaGkara svAmI ke ziSya saMnyAsiyoM ne bauddha meM karanA caahie| saMnyAsiyoM kI taraha bhramaNa kara sanAtana dharma ke jAgaraNa arundhatI-vasiSThapatnI, isakA paryAya hai akSamAlA / bhAgameM bar3I sahAyatA phuNcaayii| vata ke anusAra arundhatI kardamamuni kI mahAsAdhvI kanyA araNyaSaSThI--jeSTha zukla SaSThI ko isakA vrata kiyA thI / AkAza meM saptarSiyoM ke madhya vasiSTha ke pAsa arundhatI jAtA hai / rAjamArtaNDa (zloka saM0 1336) ke anusAra kA tArA rahatA hai / jisako Ayu pUrNa ho cukI hai, vaha striyA~ hAthoM meM paMkhe tathA tIra lekara jaMgaloM meM dhUmatI hai| isako nahIM dekha pAtA: gadAdharapaddhati, pRSTha 83 ke anusAra yaha vrata ThIka vaise dIpanirvANagandhaJca suhRdvAkyamarundhatIm / hI hai jaise skndsssstthii| isa tithi para vindhyavasinI devI na jighranti na zRNvanti na pazyanti gatAyuSaH //

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atIvrata-arcana tAre ko vyatIta Ayu vAle na dekhate haiM / ] [ dIpaka bujhane kI gandha, mitroM ke vacana aura arundhatI sUcate, na sunate aura na vivAha meM saptapadI gamana ke anantara vara mantra kA uccAraNa karatA huA badhU ko arundhatI kA darzana karAtA hai | arundhatI sthAyI vivAha sambandha kA pratIka hai / arundhatIvrata isakA vidhAna kevala mahilAoM ke lie hai| vaidhavya se mukti tathA santAna kI prApti ke lie yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| isameM vasanta Rtu prArambha hone ke tIsare dina vratArambha aura tIna rAtri taka upavAsa hotA hai / arundhatI devI kA pUjana isameM mukhya kriyA hai / de0 hemAdri, vrata kANDa, 2, 312- 315, vratarAja, 89-93 / arkavrata mAsa ke donoM pakSoM meM paSThI tathA saptamI ke dina kevala rAtri meM bhojana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha vrata eka varSa paryanta calatA hai / isameM arka (sUrya) kA pUjana karanA cAhie / de0 kRtyakalpataru, 387, hemAdri, 2.509 / arkasaptamI - yaha tithivrata hai| do varSa paryanta yaha vrata calatA hai, sUrya devatA hai / kevala arka ke paudhe ke pattoM ke bane donoM meM jalapAna karanA caahie| de0 hemAdri, 788789; padmapurANa, 75, 86-106 / yaha vrata sUrya ke utta rAyaNa hone para zukla pakSa meM kisI ravivAra ko kiyA jAnA caahie| paMcamI ko eka samaya aura SaSThI ko rAtri meM bhojana, saptamI ko upavAsa tathA aSTamI ko vrata kA pAraNa karanA cAhie / arkasampuTa saptamI phAlguna zukla saptamI ko pratArambha eka varSa paryanta vrata kA pAlana / isameM sUrya kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai / de0 bhaviSya purANa, 210, 2-81 / aSTamI zukla pakSa kI ravivAsarIya aSTamI ko yaha vrata AcaraNIya hai| umA tathA ziva kI pUjA isameM honI cAhie, jinakI A~khoM meM sUrya vizrAma karatA hai / de0 hemAdri, 835-837 / ---- - argalAstotra - eka choTA-sA durgA stotra hai / smArtI kI dakSiNamArgI zAkhA ke anuyAyI apane gharoM meM sAdhAraNataH yantra ke rUpa meM yA kalaza ke rUpa meM devI kI sthApanA aura pUjA karate haiN| pUjA meM yantra para kuGkuma tathA patra- puSpa car3hAte haiM / kintu devI kI pUjA kA sabase mahatvapUrNa bhAga hai 'caNDIpATha' karanA tathA usake pUrva evaM pazcAt dUsare pavitra stotroM kA par3hA jAnA / 7 49 unake nAma haiM kIlaka, kavaca tathA argalAstotra / 'argalA - stotra' mArkaNDeya tathA vArAha purANa se liyA gayA hai / artha- vastumUlya aura puujaavidhi| manu ke anusAra kuryuracaM yathApaNyaM tato vizaM nRpo haret / maNimuktApravalAnAM lauhAnAM tAntavasya ca / gandhAnAJca rasAnAJca vidyAdardhabalAbalam / / [ kreya vastu ke anusAra mUlya nizcita kare / mUlya kA bIsavA~ bhAga rAjA grahaNa kara le| maNi, motI, mUMgA, lohe, tantu se nirmita vastu, gandha evaM rasoM ke ghaTate-bar3hate mUlyoM ke anusAra apanA bhAga le / ] isa zabda ko sAma ke udgAtA sarvatra gAna meM yakAra sahita napuMsaka liGga meM prayoga kreN| anya vedoM ke logoM ko yakArarahita puMlliGga meM prayoga karanA cAhie ( dhADhatatva) dUrvA, akSata, sapaMpa, puSpa Adi se racita, deva tathA brAhmaNa Adi ke sammAnArtha pUjA upacAra kA yaha eka bheda hai| yathA uttararAmacarita meM 'aye vanadevateyaM phalakusumapallavArgheNa mAmupatiSThate / ' [ yaha vanadevatA phala, puSpa, pattoM ke ardha se merI pUjA kara rahI hai / ] isI prakAra meghadUta meM : sa pratyagraiH kuTajakusumaiH kalpitArghAya tasmai / [ kuTaja ke tAje phUloM se usane use ardha diyA / ] ardhya - pUjA ke yogya ( 'ardha marhati' isa artha meM yat pratyaya ) isakA sAmAnya artha hai pUjArtha dUrvA, akSata, candana, puSpa jala Adi ( amarakoza ) / madhyakAla ke dharmagranthoM meM isakA bar3A vizada varNana milatA hai| varSakRtyakaumudI ( pR0 142 ) ke anusAra samasta devI-devatAoM ke lie candana lepa, puSpa, akSata, kuzAoM ke agrabhAga, tila, sarasoM, dUrvA kA arghya meM prayoga karanA caahie| de0 hemAdri, 148 kRtyaratnAkara, 296 / acaMka - mandiroM meM devapratimA kI sevA-pUjA karanevAlA pujArI / arcana - pUjana | isakA mAhAtmya isa prakAra kahA gayA hai : dhanadhAnyakaraM nityaM gurudevadvijArcanam / [ nityaprati guru, deva, brAhmaNa kI pUjA dhana-dhAnya ko dene vAlI hai / ] yaha navadhA bhaktipradarzana kA eka prakAra hai|

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arcA-arthavAva arcA-devatA Adi kI pUjA : arcA ced vidhitazca te vada tadA kiM mokSalAbhaklamaiH / (zivazataka) he ziva ! yadi ApakI vidhivat pUjA kI jAya to phira mokSaprApti ke lie kaSTa uThAne se kyA lAbha hai|] aciSmAna-agni, sUrya, pradIpta, tejaviziSTa, prabhAvAn, svanAmakhyAta devaRSivizeSa / arjana (guru)-sikkhoM ke guru arjuna akabara ke samakAlIna the / ye kavi evaM vyAvahArika bhI the| inhoMne amRtasara kA svarNamandira banavAyA aura kabIra Adi anya bhaktoM ke bhajanoM kA saMgraha kara granthasAhaba ko pUrA kiyaa| isameM 'japajI' kA prathama sthAna hai, tatpazcAt 'sodarU' kA / phira rAgoM ke anusAra zeSa racanA ke vibhAga kiye gaye haiM / isa prakAra granthasAhaba hI nAnakapaMthiyoM kA veda bana gayA hai| dasaveM guru govindasiMha ne "saba sikkhana kU~ hukuma hai, guru mAniyoM grantha' yaha pharamAna nikAla kara guru nAnaka se calI A rahI guruparamparA apane bAda samApta kara dI / akabara ke bAda jahA~gIra ne guru arjuna ko bar3I yAtanA dI, jisase sikkha-musalamAna saMgharSa kI paramparA prArambha ho gyii| artha-viSaya, yAcyA, dhana, kAraNa, vastu, zabda se pratipAdya, nivRtti, prayojana, prakAra Adi / yaha dhana ke artha meM vizeSa rUpa se prayukta huA hai aura trivarga ke antargata dUsarA puruSArtha hai : kasyArthadhamauM vada pIDayA mi sindhostaTAvoghavataH pravRddhaH / (kumArasambhava) [ nadI kA vega jaise apane donoM taToM ko kATa detA hai vaise hI kaho kisake dharma-artha ko naSTa kara duuN|] tamaso lakSaNaM kAmo rajasastvartha ucyate / sattvasya lakSaNaM dharmaH zreSThameSAM yathottaram // (manusmRti) [tama kA lakSaNa kAma hai| raja kA lakSaNa artha hai| sattva kA lakSaNa dharma hai / ye uttarottara zreSTha haiM / ] __ artha mAnavajIvana kA Avazyaka puruSArtha hai, kintu isakA arjana dharmapUrvaka karanA caahie| arthapaJcaka-pA~ca nirNayoM kA saMgraha, saMkSipta, saMskRtagarbha, tamila meM likhA gayA terahavIM zatAbdI ke anta vA cauda- havIM ke prArambha kA eka grantha / ise zrIvaiSNavasiddhAnta kA saMkSipta sAra kahA jA sakatA hai| isake racayitA zrIraGgam zAkhA ke pramukha pillaI lokAcArya the / arthavAda-prAcIna kAla meM veda adhyayana karate samaya vidyArthI apane AcArya se aura bhI vyAvahArika zikSAe~ letA thaa| jaise vedI kI racanA, havinirmANa, yAjJikakarma Adi / ina kriyAoM ke Adezavacana vidhi kahalAte the tathA unakI vyAkhyA karanA arthavAda / bAda meM arthavAda zabda kA vyavahAra prazaMsA athavA atiraJjanA ke artha meM hone lgaa| taba isakA tAtparya huA-lakSaNA ke dvArA stuti tathA nindA ke artha kA vaad| vaha tIna prakAra kA hai-1. guNavAda, 2. anuvAda tathA 3. bhUtArthavAda / kahA gayA hai : virodhe guNavAdaH syAdanuvAdo'vadhArite / bhUtArthavAdastaddhAnAvarthavAdastridhA mataH / / [virodha meM guNavAda, avadhArita meM anuvAda, unake abhAva meM bhUtArthavAda, isa prakAra arthavAda tIna prakAra kA hotA hai / ] tattvasambodhinI ke mata meM yaha sAta prakAra kA hai : 1. stuti-arthavAda, 2. phalArthavAda, 3. siddhArthavAda, 4. nindArthavAda, 5. parakRti, 6. purAkalpa tathA 7. mantra / inake udAharaNa veda meM pAye jAte hai| . vizeSya-vizeSaNa ke virodha meM samAnAdhikaraNa na hone para guNavAda hotA hai| arthAt isameM aGgarUpa kathana se virodha kA parihAra kiyA jAtA hai| jaise 'yajamAna prastara hai', yahA~ prastara kA artha muTThIbhara kuza hai| usakA yajamAna ke sAtha abhedAnvaya nahIM ho sakatA, ataH yahA~ yajamAna kA kuzamuSTi dhAraNarUpa arthavAda kA prakAra guNavAda mAnA jAtA hai| anya pramANa dvArA siddha artha kA punaH kathana avadhArita kahalAtA hai| jaise 'antarikSa meM agni kA cayana nahIM karanA cAhie', antarikSa meM agni kA cayana nahIM ho sakatA yaha pratyakSa pramAga se siddha hai, to bhI yahA~ usakA punaH anuvAda kara diyA gayA hai| virodha aura avadhAraNa ke abhAva meM bhUtArthavAda hotA hai, jaise 'indra vRtra kA ghAtaka hai|' bhUtArthavAda bhI do prakAra kA hai-1. stuti-arthavAda aura 2. nindArthavAda / jaise, 'vaha svarga ko jAtA hai jo sandhyA-pUjana karatA hai' yaha stutiarthavAda hai| 'parva ke dina mAMsa Adi kA sevana karane

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arthazAstra-ardhodaya vrata 51 vAlA mala-matra se bhare hue naraka meM jAtA hai' yaha nindArtha- ardhalakSmIhari-Adhe lakSmI ke AkAra meM tathA Adhe hari vAda huA / de0 zrAddhaviveka-TIkA meM zrIkRSNa trkaalngkaar| ke AkAra meM jo hari bhagavAn hai ve ardhalakSmIhari hai| arthazAstra-prAcIna hindU rAjanIti kA prasiddha grantha kauTi- ___ yaha viSNu kA eka svarUpa hai / gautamIya tantra meM kathana hai : lIya arthazAstra / yadyapi yaha dhArmika grantha nahIM hai, kintu RSiH prajApatizchando gAyatrI devatA punaH / sthAna-sthAna para isameM tatkAlIna dharma evaM naitikatA kA ardhalakSmIhariH proktaH zrIbIjena SaDaGgakam // varNana vizada rUpa se prApta hotA hai| rAjya, vidhAna, apa- [prajApati RSi, chanda gAyatrI, devatA ardhalakSmIhari rAdha evaM usake daNDa, sAmAjika evaM Arthika dazA (jo usa kahe gaye haiN| zrI bIja ke dvArA SaDaGganyAsa hotA hai| samaya deza meM vyApta thI) kA isameM bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa yaha pratIka ardhanArIzvara (ziva) ke samAnAntara hai| varNana hai / tatkAlIna dharmAcaraNa kA bhI yaha grantha sarvottama yaha bhI sat aura cit ke milana kA rUpaka hai, jisase pramANa hai| Ananda kI sRSTi hotI hai| 'arthazAstra' bahuta vyApaka zabda hai / isameM samAjazAstra, ardhazrAvaNikA vrata-zrAvaNa zukla pratipadA ko vratArambha daNDanIti aura sampattizAstra tInoM kA samAveza hai| vArtA karake eka mAsa paryanta usakA anuSThAna karanA caahie| arthAt vyApAra sanbandhI sabhI bAteM sampattizAstra ke pArvatI kI, jinheM arddhazrAvaNI bhI kahA jAtA hai, pUjA honI viSaya hai| rAjanIti sambandhI sabhI bAteM daNDanIti ke cAhie / vratI ko eka mAsa taka eka samaya athavA donoM viSaya haiM / trayI meM varNAzrama vibhAga aura unake sambandha meM samaya vidhi se AhAra karanA caahie| de0 hemAdri, kartavya-akartavya kA vicAra samAjazAstra kA viSaya hai| 2. 753-754 / kauTilIya arthazAstra meM ina sabhI viSayoM kA samAhAra hai| arthodaya vrata-skandapurANa ke anusAra mAgha mAsa kI amAardhanArIza-ardhAGginI pArvatI aura unake Iza zaMkara kA vasyA ke dina yadi ravivAra, vyatIpAta yoga aura zravaNa saMyukta rUpa / unakA dhyAna isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : nakSatra ho to ardhodaya yoga hotA hai / isa yoga ke dina yaha nIlapravAlaruciraM vilasatrinetraM vrata kiyA jAtA hai / kadAcit hI ina sabakA milana saMbhava pAzAruNotpalakapAlakazUlahastam / hotA hai aura ise pavitratA meM karor3oM sUryagrahaNoM ke tulya ardhAmbikezamanizaM pravibhaktabhUSam samajhA jAtA hai| ardhodaya ke dina prayAga meM prAtaH gaMgAbAlendubaddhamukuTa praNamAmi rUpam / / snAna kA bar3A mAhAtmya hai / kintu kahA gayA hai ki isa [ nIle pravAla ke samAna sundara, tIna netroM se suzobhita, dina sabhI nadiyA~ gaGgAtulya ho jAtI haiM / isa vrata ke tIna hAtha meM pAza, lAla kamala, kapAla aura trizUla liye hue, devatA haiM-brahmA, viSNu evaM mahezvara aura ve isI krama meM aGgoM meM bhUSaNa dhAraNa kiye hae, bAlacandramA rUpI makUTa pUjanIya hote haiN| paurANika mantroM ke anusAra agni meM pahane hue ziva-pArvatI ko maiM namaskAra karatA huuN|] ghRta kA havana karate haiM tathA 'prajApate' (R0 ve0 10. ardhanArIzvara-Adhe-Adhe rUpa se eka deha meM saMmilita 121.10) brahmA ke lie, 'idam viSNuH' (R0 ve0 1.12. gaurI-zaMkara / yaha ziva kA eka rUpa hai / tithyAditattva meM 17) viSNu ke lie evaM 'vyambakam'(R0 0 7.59.12) kathana hai : mahezvara ke lie, tIna mantroM kA prayoga karate haiN| aSTamI navamIyuktA navamI cASTamIyatA / __ vratArka (patrAtmaka, 348 a-350 ba) meM kathita hai ki ardhanArIzvaraprAyA umAmAhezvarI tithiH / / bhaTTa nArAyaNa ke 'prayAgasetu ke anusAra yaha yoga pauSa mAsa [aSTamI navamI se yukta athavA navamI aSTamI se yukta ho, meM par3atA hai jaba ki amAnta kA parigaNana kiyA gayA ho, use ardhanArIzvarI yA umAmAhezvarI tithi kahate haiN|] tathA pUrNimAnta kA parigaNana kiyA gayA ho taba mAdha meM / yaha rUpa ziva aura zakti ke milana kA pratIka hai| bhujabalanibandha (pR0 364-365) ke anusAra sUrya usa isameM Adhe puruSa aura AdhI strI kA milana hai| isase samaya makara rAzi para honA cAhie / tithitattva, 177, Ananda kI utpatti hotI hai, aura phira sampUrNa vizva meM evaM vratArka ke anusAra yaha yoga tabhI mAnya hogA jaba isakI abhivykti| __ dina meM par3e rAta meM nhiiN| kRtyasArasamuccaya (pR0 30)

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52 arpaNa-alakSmInAzaka snAna ke anusAra yadi uparyukta samUha meM se koI eka (jaise, pauSa aryakta-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM ullikhita vaha parivAra jisake athavA mAgha, amAvasyA, vyatIpAta, zravaNa nakSatra, ravivAra) sarpayajJa meM aryaka gRhapati evaM AruNi hotA the / anupasthita ho to yaha mahodaya parva kahalAtA hai| addha diya aryamA-vaidika devamaNDala kA eka devtaa| yaha sUrya kA hI eka ke avasara para brAhmamuharta meM nadI snAna atyanta puNyadAyaka rUpa hai / vaidika kAla meM aneka Aditya varga ke devatA the / hotA hai| paravartI kAla meM una sabakA avasAna eka devatA sUrya meM ho arpaNa-bhaktibhAva se pUjA kI sAmagrI devatA ke samakSa nive gayA, jo vinA kisI bheda ke unhIM ke nAmoM, yathA sUrya, dana karanA / gItA ke aSTama adhyAya meM kathana hai : savitA, mitra, aryamA, pUSA se kahe jAte haiN| Aditya, yatkaroSi yadaznAsi yajjuhoSi dadAti yat / vivasvAn evaM vikartana Adi bhI unhIM ke nAma haiN| yattapasyasi kaunteya tatkuruSva madarpaNam // kAvyoM meM bhI aryamA kA prayoga sUrya ke paryAya ke rUpa he arjana, jo kAma karate, bhojana karate, havana karate, meM haA hai : dAna dete, tapa karate ho use mere prati arpaNa kro|] proSitAryamaNaM merorandhakArastaTImiva / (kirAta0) vinyAsa ke artha meM bhI vaha zabda prayukta huA hai : [jisa prakAra aryamA ke asta hone para andhakAra meru kailAsagauraM vRSamArurukSoH kI taTI meM bhara jAtA hai|] pAdArpaNAnugrahapUtapRSTham // (raghuvaMza) ahaMnsammAnya, yogya, samartha, arhatA prApta / pracalita artha [ kailAsa ke samAna gaura varNavAle nandI ke Upara car3hane / kSapaNaka, buddha, jina bhI hai| ke lie udyata zaMkarajI ke paira rakhane ke kAraNa merI pITha pavitra ho gayI hai|] alakanandA-(alati = cAroM ora bahatI hai, alakA, arbuda-(1) paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM varNita sUryayajJa meM grAva alakA cAso nandA ca) kumArI (trikANDazeSa) / bhAratavarSa stut purohita ke rUpa meM arbuda kA ullekha hai| spaSTatayA kI gaGgA (shbdmaalaa)| zrInagara (gaDhavAla) ke samIpa inheM RSi arbuda kAdraveya samajhanA cAhie, jinakA varNana bhAgIrathI gaGgA ke sAtha milI huI yaha svanAmakhyAta nadI aitareya brAhmaNa (6.1) evaM kauzItaki brAhmaNa (29.1) meM hai| isake kinAre kaI pavitra saMgamasthala hai / jahA~ mandA kinI isameM milatI hai vahA~ nandaprayAga hai; jahA~ piNDara mantradraSTA ke rUpa meM huA hai| (2) yaha parvatavizeSa (AbU) kA nAma hai| bhArata ke milatI hai vahA~ karNaprayAga; jahA~ bhAgIrathI milatI hai prasiddha tIrthoM meM isakI gaNanA hai| sanAtanI hindU aura vahA~ devaprayAga / isake Age yaha gaGgA kahalAne lagatI jaina sampradAya vAle donoM ise pavitra mAnate haiM / yaha rAja hai| yadyapi alakanandA kA vistAra adhika hai, phira bhI sthAna meM sthita hai| gaGgA kA udgama bhAgIrathI se hI mAnA jAtA hai| de0 arya-yaha zabda sAhitya meM vizeSa vyavahRta nahIM hai| veda 'gnggaa'| bhASyakAra mahIdhara isakA artha vaizya lagAte haiM, sAdhAraNataH alakSmI---daridrA devI, lakSmI kI agrajA. jo lakSmI nahIM 'Arya' nahIM lagAte / yadyapi 'arya' kA artha vaizya paravartI hai| yahA~ para 'na' virodha artha meM hai / yaha narakadevatA kAla meM pracalita rahA hai, kintu yaha nizcita nahIM hai ki nirRti, jeSThAdevI Adi bhI kahI jAtI hai (padmapurANa, yaha maulika artha hai| phira bhI isakA bahapracalita artha uttara khnndd)| usakA vivaraNa 'jeSThA' zabda meM dekhanA 'vaizya' hI hai| vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM isakA prayoga isa cAhie / dIpAvalI kI rAtri ko usakA vidhipUrvaka pUjana artha meM milatA hai : kara ghara meM se bidA kara denA caahie| yathemAM vAcaM kalyANImA vadAni janebhyaH alakSmInAzaka snAna-pauSa mAsa kI pUrNimA ke dina jaba brahmarAjanyAbhyAM zUdrAya cAryAya ca / puSya nakSatra ho, zveta sarSapa kA tela mardana kara manuSyoM [ isa kalyANI vANI ko maiM sampUrNa janatA ke lie ko yaha snAna karanA cAhie / isa prakAra snAna karane se bolatA hU~-brAhmaNa, rAjanya, zUdra aura arya (vaizya) dAridraya dUra bhAgatA hai| taba bhagavAn nArAyaNa kI mUrti ke lie|] kA pUjana karanA caahie| isake atirikta indra, candramA,

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alavaNatRtIyA avagAhana bRhaspati tathA puSya kI pratimAoM kA bhI sarvopadhi yukta jala se snAna karAkara pUjana karanA caahie| de0 smRtikaustubha ( tithi tathA saMvatsara) | alavaNa tRtIyA - kisI bhI mAsa kI zukla pakSa kI tRtIyA, kintu vaizAkha zukla pakSa, bhAdrapada athavA mAgha zukla pakSa kI tRtIyA isa vrata meM vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hotI hai| striyA~ hI isakA mukhyataH AcaraNa karatI haiM / dvitIyA ko upavAsa, tRtIyA ko namaka rahita bhojana, gaurI devI kA pUjana jIvana paryanta bhI kiyA jA sakatA hai de0 kRtyakalpataru kA vratakANDa 48-51 / - alavAra -- dakSiNa bhArata kI upAsaka paramparA se jJAta hotA hai ki atyanta prAcIna kAla se usa pradeza meM haribhakti kA pracAra thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki usa pradeza meM kaliyuga ke prArambha meM prasiddha alavAra bhakta gaNa utpanna hue the / inameM tIna AcArya hue coMhiye, pUdatta evaM pe / pahiye kA janma kAJcI nagara meM huA thaa| inakI dhyAnAvasthita mUrti kAzI ke eka mandira meM hai, jo vahA~ ke sarovara ke bIca jala meM banA hai / pUdatta kA janma tiruvanna mAmalayi nAmaka sthAna meM, jise pahale mallA purI kahate the, huA thA / pe kA janma madrAsa ke malayapura nAmaka sthAna meM huaa| ye sadA zrI hari ke prema meM unmatta rahA karate the / isI se inakA nAma 've' arthAt unmatta par3a gyaa| tadanantara pANDya deza meM 'tikamiDizi' aura 'zaThAri' kA janma huA, jinheM zaharipu yA zaThakopa bhI kahate haiN| zaTharipu ke ziSya madhura kavi kA janma zaTharipu ke janmasthAna ke pAsa hI huA thaa| ve bar3I madhura bhASA meM kavitA kiyA karate the, isI se unakA nAma 'madhura kavi' par3A / kerala prAnta ke prasiddha rAjA 'kulazekhara' bhI eka pradhAna alavAra ho gaye haiN| unhoMne 'mukundamAlA' nAmaka eka stotra kI racanA kI / inake pazcAt 'periyA alavAra' arthAt sarvazreSTha bhakta kA janma huaa| unakI putrI aNDAla bahuta bar3I bhakta thI / bahuta hI madhurabhASiNI hone ke kAraNa use godA kahate haiM / usane tamilabhASA meM 'stotraratnAvalI' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI jisameM tIna sau stotra haiM / ina stotroM kA bhaktoM meM bar3A Adara haiN| isa taraha aneka alavAroM kA vivaraNa milatA hai| isa prakAra jahA~ eka ora dArzanika vidvAn viziSTAisa mata kI paramparA banAye hue the, vahAM ye prAcIna alavAra bhI bhakti-maGgA bahA rahe the| dasavIM zatAbdI 53 meM isa mata ko apanI pratibhA se yAmunAcArya ne punaH uddIpta kiyA thA, rAmAnujAcArya ne isakA sarvatomukhI pracAra kiyA / isa prakAra tamila deza meM bhaktimArgI kavi gAyakoM kI eka zrRMkhalA vartamAna thii| ye gAyaka eka se dUsare mandira taka ghUmA karate the, stutiyAM banAte aura AnandAtireka meM unakA gAyana apane ArAdhya deva kI pratimA ke sammukha kiyA karate the| bAraha vaiSNava gAyakoM ke nAma milate haiM, jinheM alavAra ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / unakA dharmAcaraNa sabase bar3hakara unmAdapUrNa bhAvanA thA / unakA sabase bar3A Ananda thA apane ArAdhya kI mUrti kI A~khoM kI ora ekaTaka dekhanA tathA unakI prazaMsA saMgIta meM karanA / gAte-gAte Atmavibhora hokara devAlaya kI bhUmi para gira jAnA, rAta bhara devatA ke adarzana ke kAraNa rugNa tathA prAtaHkAla devAlaya kA dvAra khulate hI devadarzana kara svAsthya lAbha karanA Adi unakI bhakti ke madhura udAharaNa haiM / ye jAti se bahiSkRta logoM ko zikSA dete the tathA inameM se kucha alavAra svayaM jAtibahiSkRta the / inakI racanAoM meM sthAnIya kathAoM, devAlaya ke deva kI stuti, mUrti ke AkAra-prakAra ke atirikta rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata evaM purANoM kA prabhAva spaSTa dIkha par3atA hai| ye alavAra zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke zikSaka mAne jAte haiN| inakI stutiyoM kA sAmAjika pUjA tathA vidvAnoM kI zikSAvidhi Adi ke artha meM bar3A sammAnanIya sthAna hai / aloka - (1) mithyA; avAstavika; zazazRMga, AkAzapuSpa ke khadRza, kalpanA mAtra mRpA 'jJAte'lIkanimIlite nayanayo:' ( amaruzataka ) / : (2) apriya tathavAsa mahArAjo nAlIkamadhigacchati / ' ( rAmAyaNa ) alaukika -- laukika pratyakSa kA viSaya nahIM, athavA lokavyavahAra meM pracalita nahIM svarga yA divya loka kI vastu / zrImadbhAgavata meM kahA gayA hai : 'upasaMhara vizvAtmannado rUpamalaukikam / ' [ he vizvAtman apane isa alaukika rUpa ko haTA lo| ] bhagavAn ke nAma, rUpa, lIlA aura dhAma sabhI alaukika hai| avagAhana snAna karanA, gotA lgaanaa| isake paryAya hai

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avacchevavAda-avatAra avagAha, vagAha, majjana / jala meM majjana (DubakI lagAne) kI vidhi isa prakAra hai: aGgalIbhiH pidhAyaivaM zrotradRGnAsikAmukham / nimajjeta pratisrotastriH paThedaghamarSaNam / / [ kAna, A~kha, nAka, mukha ko aGgalI se dabAkara jala meM pravAha ke sAmane snAna karanA tathA tIna vAra aghamarSaNa mantra par3hanA caahie|] avacchedavAda-isa siddhAnta ke anusAra brahma ke atirikta jagat kI jo pratIti hotI hai, vaha ekarasa vA anavacchinna sattA ke bhItara mAyA dvArA avaccheda athavA parimiti ke Aropa ke kAraNa hotI hai| avatAra-Izvara kA pRthvI para avataraNa athavA utrnaa| hinduoM kA vizvAsa hai ki Izvara yadyapi sarvavyApI, sarvadA sarvatra vartamAna hai, tathApi samaya-samaya para AvazyakatAnusAra pRthvI para viziSTa rUpoM meM svayaM apanI yogamAyA se utpanna hotA hai| paramAtmA yA viSNu ke mukhya avatAra dasa haiM : matsya, kUrma, varAha, nRsiMha, vAmana, parazurAma, rAma, kRSNa, buddha evaM kalki / inameM mukhya, gauNa, pUrNa aura aMza rUpoM ke aura bhI aneka bheda haiN| avatAra kA hetu Izvara kI icchA hai| duSkRtoM ke vinAza aura sAdhuoM ke paritrANa ke lie avatAra hotA hai (bhagavadgItA 4 / 8) / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kahA gayA hai ki kacchapa kA rUpa dhAraNa kara prajApati ne zizu ko janma diyA / taittirIya brAhmaNa ke matAnusAra prajApati ne zUkara ke rUpa meM mahAsAgara ke antastala se pRthvI ko Upara utthaayaa| kintu bahumata meM kacchapa evaM varAha donoM rUpa viSNu ke haiM / yahA~ hama prathama bAra avatAravAda kA darzana pAte haiM, jo samaya pAkara eka sarvasvIkRta siddhAnta bana gyaa| sambhavataH kacchapa evaM varAha hI prArambhika devarUpa the, jinakI pUjA bahumata dvArA kI jAtI thI (jisameM brAhmaNakula bhI sammilita the)| vizeSa rUpa se matsya, kacchapa, varAha evaM nRsiMha ye cAra avatAra bhagavAn viSNu ke prArambhika rUpa ke pratIka haiM / pA~caveM avatAra vAmanarUpa meM viSNu ne vizva ko tIna pagoM meM nApa liyA thA / isakI prazaMsA Rgveda evaM brAhmaNoM meM hai, yadyapi vAmana nAma nahIM liyA gayA hai / bhagavAn viSNu ke Azcarya se bhare kArya svAbhAvika rUpa meM nahIM kintu avatAroM ke rUpa meM hI hue haiN| ve rUpa dhArmika vizvAsa meM mahAn viSNu se pRthak nahIM samajhe gaye / anya avatAra haiM-rAma jAmadagnya, rAma dAzarathi, kRSNa evaM buddha / ye vibhinna prakAra evaM samaya ke haiM tathA bhAratIya dharmoM meM vaiSNava paramparA kA udghoSa karate haiN| Age calakara rAma aura kRSNa kI pUjA vaiSNavoM kI do zAkhAoM ke rUpa meM mAnya huii| buddha ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnanA vaiSNava dharma kI vyApti evaM udAratA kA pratIka hai| __ vibhinna granthoM meM avatAroM kI saMkhyA vibhinna hai / kahIM ATha, kahIM dasra, kahIM solaha aura kahIM caubIsa avatAra batAye gaye haiM, kintu dasa avatAra bahumAnya haiN| kalki avatAra jise dasavA~ sthAna prApta hai vaha bhaviSya meM hone vAlA hai| purANoM meM jina caubIsa avatAroM kA varNana hai unakI gaNanA isa prakAra hai : 1. nArAyaNa (virAT puruSa), 2. brahmA 3. sanaka-sanandana-sanatkumAra-sanAtana 4. naranArAyaNa 5. kapila 6. dattAtreya 7. suyaza 8. hayagrIva 9. RSabha 10. pRthu 11. matsya 12. kUrma 13. haMsa 14. dhanvantari 15. vAmana 16. parazurAma 17. mohinI 18. nRsiMha 19. vedavyAsa 20. rAma 21. balarAma 22. kRSNa 23. buddha 24. kalki / kisI vizeSa kendra dvArA sarvavyApaka paramAtmA kI zakti ke prakaTa hone kA nAma avatAra hai| avatAra zabda dvArA avataraNa arthAt nIce utarane kA bhAva spaSTa hotA hai, jisakA tAtparya isa sthala para bhAvamUlaka hai| paramAtmA kI vizeSa zakti kA mAyA se sambandhita honA evaM sambaddha hokara prakaTa honA hI avataraNa kahA jA sakatA hai / kahIM se kahIM A jAne athavA utarane kA nAma avatAra nahIM hotaa| ___ isa avatAravAda ke sambandha meM sarvaprathama veda hI prAmANya rUpa meM sAmane Ate haiN| yathA'prajApatizcarati garbhe'ntarajAyamAno bahudhA vijAyate / ' [paramAtmA sthala garbha meM utpanna hote haiM, koI vAstavika janma na lete hae bhI ve aneka rUpoM meM utpanna hote haiN|] Rgveda bhI avatAravAda prastuta karatA hai, yathA "rUpaM rUpaM pratirUpo babhUva tadasya rUpaM praticakSaNAya / indro mAyAbhiH pururUpa Iyate yuktA hyasya harayaH zatA daza / " [bhagavAn bhaktoM ke prArthanAnusAra prakhyAta hone ke lie mAyA ke saMyoga se aneka rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / unake zatazatarUpa hai| ] isa prakAra nikhila zAstrasvIkRta avatAra Izvara

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avatAra ke hote haiM, jo ki apanI kucha kalAoM se suzobhita hote haiM, jinheM AMzika avatAra evaM pUrNAvatAra kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai / 'paramAtmA SoDazakalA sampanna mAnA jAtA hai / paramAtmA kI SoDaza kalAzakti jar3a-cetanAtmaka samasta saMsAra meM vyApta hai| eka jIva jitanI mAtrA meM apanI yoni ke anusAra unnata hotA hai, utanI hI mAtrA meM paramAtmA kI kalA jIvAzraya ke mAdhyama se vikasita hotI hai / ataH eka yonija jIva anya yoni ke jIva se unnata isalie hai ki usameM anya yonija jIvoM se bhagavatkalA kA vikAsa adhika mAtrA meM hotA hai / cetana sRSTi meM udbhijja sRSTi Izvara kI prathama racanA hai, isalie annamayakoSapradhAna udbhijja yoni meM paramAtmA kI SoDaza kalAoM meM se eka kalA kA vikAsa rahatA hai| isameM zrutiyA~ bhI sahamata haiM, yathA 'poDazAnAM kalAnAmekA kalA'tiziSTAbhUt sAnenopasamAhitA prajvAlIt / ' [ paramAtmA kI solaha kalAoM meM eka kalA anna meM milakara annamaza koSa ke dvArA prakaTa huii|] ataH spaSTa hai, udbhijja yoni dvArA paramAtmA kI eka kalA kA vikAsa hotA hai| isI krama se paravartI jIvayoni svedaja meM Izvara kI do kalA, aNDaja meM tIna aura jarAyuja ke antargata pazu yoni meM cAra kalAoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| isake anansara jarAyuja manuSyayoni meM pA~ca kalAoM kA vikAsa hotA hai / kintu yaha sAdhAraNa manuSya taka hI sImita hai / jina manuSyoM meM pA~ca se adhika ATha kalA taka kA vikAsa hotA haiM ve sAdhAraNa manuSyakoTi meM na Akara vibhUti koTi meM hI parigaNita hote haiN| kyoMki pA~ca kalAoM se manuSya kI sAdhAraNa zakti kA hI vikAsa hotA hai, aura isase adhika chaH se lekara ATha kalAoM kA vikAsa hone para vizeSa zakti kA vikAsa mAnA jAtA hai, jise vibhUti koTi meM rakhA gayA hai| zakti lekara jise isa prakAra eka kalA se lekara ATha kalA taka kA vikAsa laukika rUpa meM hotA hai / navama kalA se SoDaza kalA taka kA vikAsa alaukika vikAsa hai, jIvakoTi nahIM apitu avatArakoTi kahate haiM / jina kendroM dvArA paramAtmA kI zakti navama kalA se lekara SoDaza kalA taka vikasita hotI hai, ve sabhI kendra jIva na kahalA kara avatAra kahe jAte haiN| inameM navama kalA se ataH 55 pandrahavIM kalA taka kA vikAsa aMzAvatAra kahalAtA hai evaM SoDaza kalAkendra pUrNa avatAra kA kendra hai| isI kalAvikAsa ke tAratamya se cetana jIvoM meM aneka vizeSatAeM dekhane meM AtI haiM / yathA pA~ca koSoM meM se annamaya koSa kA udbhijja yoni meM apUrva rUpa se prakaTa honA eka kalA vikAsa kA hI pratiphala hai| ataH oSadhi, vanaspati, vRkSa tathA latAoM meM jo jIvoM kI prANAdhAyaka evaM puSTipradAyaka zakti hai, yaha saba eka kalA ke vikAsa kA ho pariNAma hai| svedaja, aNDaja, pazu aura manuSya tathA devatAoM taka kI tRpti annamaya koSa vAle udbhijjoM dvArA hI hotI hai aura isI eka kalA ke vikAsa ke pariNAma svarUpa unakI indriyoM kI kriyAeM dRSTigocara hotI haiN| yathA mahAbhArata ( zAnti parva ) meM kathana hai : USmato mlAyate varNaM tvakphalaM puSpameva ca / mlAyate zIryate cApi sparzastenAtra vidyate // [ grISmakAla meM garmI ke kAraNa vRkSoM ke varNa, tvacA, phala, puSpAdi malina tathA zIrNa ho jAte haiM, ataH vanaspati meM sparzendriya kI sattA pramANita hotI hai / ] isI prakAra pravAta, vAyu, agni, vajra Adi ke zabda se vRkSoM ke phalapuSpa naSTa ho jAte haiM / isase unakI zravaNendriya kI sattA satyApita kI jAtI hai| latA vRkSoM ko AdhAra banA letI hai evaM unameM lipaTa jAtI hai, yaha kRtya binA darzanendriya ke sambhava nahIM / ataH vanaspatiyA~ darzanendriya zaktisampanna mAnI jAtI hai| acchI burI gandha tathA nAnA prakAra kI dhUpoM kI gandha se vRkSa niroga tathA puSpita phalita hone lagate haiN| isase vRkSoM meM ghrANendriya kI bhI sattA samajhI jAtI hai| isI prakAra ve rasa apanI TahaniyoM dvArA Upara khIMcate haiM, isase unakI rasanendriya kI sattA mAnI jAtI hai / udbhijjoM meM sukha-duHkha ke anubhava karane kI zakti bhI dekhane meM AtI hai | ataH nizcita hai ki ye cetana zaktisampanna haiM / isa sambandha meM manu kA bhI yahI abhimata hai : tamasA bahurUpeNa veSTitA karmahetunA / antaHsaMjJA bhavantyete sukhaduHkhasamanvitAH / [ vRkSa aneka prakAra ke tamobhAvoM dvArA AvRta rahate hue bhI bhItara hI bhItara sukha-dukha kA anubhava karate haiM / ] adhika dinoM taka yadi kisI vRkSa ke nIce hare vRkSoM ko lAkara cIrA jAya to vaha vRkSa kucha dinoM ke anantara sUkha

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jAtA hai| isase vRkSoM ke sukha-duHkhAnubhava spaSTa haiN| vRkSoM kA zvAsocchvAsa vaijJAnika jagat meM pratyakSa mAnya hI hai| ve dina-rAta ko Aksijana tathA kArbana gaisa kA krama se tyAga-grahaNa karate haiM / isI prakAra aphrIkA Adi ke pazupakSI kITa-bhakSI latAeM kutra prakhyAta hI haiN| ataH ve sabhI kriyAe bhagavAn kI eka kalA mAtra kI prApti se vanaspati yoni meM dekhI jAtI haiM / isake anantara svedaja yoni meM do kalAoM kA vikAsa mAnA jAtA hai, jisase isa yoni meM annamaya aura prANamaya koSoM kA vikAsa dekhane meM AtA hai| isa prakAra prANamaya koSa ke hI kAraNa svedaja gamanAgamana vyApAra meM saphala hote haiM / aNDaja yoni meM tIna kalAoM ke kAraNa annamaya, prANamaya tathA manomaya koSoM kA vikAsa hotA hai / isa yoni meM manomaya koSa ke vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa inameM prema Adi aneka pravRttiyA~ dRSTigocara hotI haiM / isI prakAra jarAyuja yoni ke antargata cAra kalAoM ke vidyamAna rahane ke kAraNa inameM annamaya, prANamaya manomaya koNoM ke sAtha hI sAtha vijJAnamaya koSa kA bhI vikAsa hotA hai| utkRSTa pazuoM meM to buddhi kA bhI vikAsa dekhane meM AtA hai, jisase ve aneka karma manuSyavat karate haiM / yathA azva, zvAna, gaja Adi pazu svAmibhakta hote haiM, evaM samaya Ane para unake prANarakSaka ke rUpa meM bhI dekhe jAte haiN| jarAyuja yoni ke hI dvitIya prabheda manuSyayoni meM cAra se adhika eka Anandamaya koSa kA bhI vikAsa hai / paJcakoSoM ke vikAsa ke kAraNa hI manuSya meM karma kI svatantratA hotI hai / manuSya yadi cAhe to puruSArtha dvArA pA~coM koSoM kA vikAsa kara pUrNa jJAnasampanna mAnava bhI ho sakatA hai| isI prakAra karmonnati dvArA manuSya jitanAjitanA unnata hotA jAtA hai, usameM IzvarIya kalAoM kA vikAsa bhI utanA ho hotA jAtA hai / isa kalA vikAsa meM aizvaryamaya zakti kA sambandha adhika hai, ajJeya brahmazakti kA nhiiN| viSNu bhagavAn ke sAtha hI bhagavadavatAra kA pradhAna sambandha rahatA hai| kyoMki viSNu hI isa sRSTi ke rakSaka evaM pAlaka haiN| vadyapi sRSTi sthiti evaM saMhAra ke asAdhAraNa kAryoM kI niSpannatA ke lie brahmA, viSNu aura maheza tInoM devoM ke avatAra huA karate haiM, para jahA~ taka rakSA kA prazna hai, isake lie viSNu ke hI avatAra mAne jAte haiM / avatAra- tivivrata avatAroM kI ve saba janmatithiyAM jo jayantiyoM ke nAma se vikhyAta hai vrata ke lie vihita hai| , avatAratithivrata- avanejana - kRtyasArasamuccaya ( pR0 13) ke anusAra ye tithiyAM nimnalikhita haiM matsya caitra zukla 3 kUrma vaizAkha pUrNimA varAha bhAdra zukla 3; narasiMha vaizAkha zukla 14; vAmana bhAdra zukla 12; parazurAma vaizAkha zukla 3; rAma caitra zukla 9; balarAma bhAdra zukla 6; kRSNa bhAdra kRSNa 8; buddha jyeSTha zukla 2 yA vaizAkhI pUrNimA / kucha granthoM ke anusAra kalki avatAra abhI honA zeSa hai jabaki kucha ne zrAvaNa zukla 6 ko kalki jayantI kA ullekha kiyA hai| kucha granthoM meM ina jayantiyoM athavA janmatithiyoM meM antara hai / avadhUta - samyak prakAra se dhUta (pariSkRta) nirmukta isa zabda kA prayoga zaiva evaM vaiSNava donoM prakAra ke sAdhuoM ke artha meM hotA hai / zaiva avadhUta ve saMnyAsI haiM jo tapasyA kA kaThora jIvana bitAte haiM, jo kama se kama kapar3e pahanate haiM aura kapar3e kI pUrti bhasma se karate haiM tathA apane keza jaTA ke rUpa meM bar3hAte haiN| ve mauna rahate haiM, hara prakAra se unakA jIvana bar3A klezasAdhya hotA hai / yogI sampradAya ke pravartaka gorakhanAtha ko isa zreNI ke vicitra avadhUta ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / nAma diyA, vaiSNava sampradAya meM bhI avadhUta kA mahattva hai / jaba svAmI rAmAnanda ne sAmAnya janoM ko vaiSNavoM meM dIkSita karane ke lie apane dhArmika sampradAya se jAtibheda haTA diyA taba unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko 'avadhUta' jisakA artha thA ki unhoMne apane purAne rUpa (pUrvavartI svecchAcAra) ko tyAga diyA hai, unhoMne dhArmika jIvana svIkAra kara apanI vyaktigata AdatoM ko tyAga diyA hai, aura isa prakAra samAja evaM prakRti ke bandhanoM ko tor3a diyA hai| aise rAmAnandI sAtha dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM se adhika kar3A anuzAsanamaya dhArmika jIvana yApana karate haiN| avadhya bagha ke ayogya : 'avadhyAzca striyaH prAhustiryagyonigatA api / ' (smRti) [ nimna yoni kI striyoM bhI avadhya kahI gayI hai / ] brAhmaNa bhI avadhya (vadhadaNDa ke ayogya ) mAnA gayA hai / avanejana - ( 1 ) caraNa prakSAlana karanA, paga dhonA : ' na kuryAd guruputrasya pAdayozcAvanejanam |' ( manu )

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avantikA-avikRtapariNAmavAda [ guruputra ke paira nahIM dhone caahie|] (2) piNDadAna ke lie biche hue kuzoM para jala sIMcanA / brahmapurANa meM likhA hai : sapuSpa jalamAdAya teSAM pRSThe pRthak pRthak / apradakSiNaM nenijyAd gotranAmAnumantritam / / [ phala-sahita jala lekara piNDoM ke pRSTha bhAga para alaga-alaga bAyIM ora jala sIMcanA caahie|] avantikA-mAlava deza kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI / ujjayinI (ujjaina) kA vAstava meM yahI mUla nAma thaa| yahIM se ziva ne tripura para vijaya prApta kI thii| taba se isakA nAma ujjayinI ( vijaya vAlI ) pdd'aa| isakI gaNanA bhArata ko sapta pavitra mokSadAyinI puriyoM meM hai : ayodhyA mathurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI avntikaa| purI dvArAvatI caiva saptaitA mokSadAyikAH // (skandapurANa) [(1) ayodhyA, (2) mathurA, (3) mAyA, (4) kAzI, (5) kAJcI, (6) avantikA aura(7) dvArAvatI ye sAtoM purI mokSadAyikA haiN|] isake paryAya vizAlA aura puSpakaraNDinI bhI haiN| 'saMskAratattva' meM kahA gayA hai : utpannorkaH kaliGga tu yamunAyAJca candramAH / avantyAM ca kujo jAto mAgadhe ca himAMzujaH / / [ kaliGga meM sUrya kI, yamunA meM candramA kI, avantI meM maGgala kI aura magadha meM budha kI utpatti huii|] avabhRtha-dIkSAntasnAna; pradhAna yajJa samApta hone para sAmUhika nadIsnAna; yajJAdi ke nyUnAdhika doSa kI zAMti ke nimitta zeSa karttavya homa / snAna isakA eka mukhya samajhA jAtA hai| avarodhana-roka, bAdhA, kisI kriyA kI rukAvaTa / pANDavagItA meM kathana hai : kRSNa tvadIyapadapaMkajapiJjarAnte adya va me vizatu mAnasarAjahaMsaH / prANaprayANasamaye kaphavAtapittaH kaNThAvarodhanavidhau smaraNaM kutaste // [he kRSNa ! tumhAre caraNarUpI kamala ke piMjar3e ke bhItara merA manarUpI rAjahaMza Aja hI praviSTa ho jAya / kyoMki prANa-prayANa ke samaya kapha, vAta aura pitta se kaNTha ke avaruddha ho jAne para tumhArA smaraNa kaise ho sakatA hai ?] rAjAoM ke antaHpura ko avarodha kahate haiM, jahA~ unakI rAniyA~ nivAsa karatI haiN| avalipta-dhana Adi se garvita manuSya / manu (4 / 79) ke anusAra isakA sAtha varjita hai : na saMvasecca patitairna cANDAlana pukkasaiH / na mUrkha valiptazca nAntyaiH nAntyAvasAyibhiH / / [patita, cANDAla, pukkasa, mUrkha, dhana se garvita, antyaja aura antyajoM ke par3osiyoM ke sAtha nahIM rahanA caahie|] avikRta pariNAmavAda-vaiSNava bhaktoM kA eka dArzanika siddhAnta / brahma aura jagat ke sambandha-nirUpaNa meM isakA vikAsa huaa| brahma kI nirvikAratA tathA nirapekSatA aura jIva-jagat kI satyatA siddha karane ke lie isa mata kA pratipAdana kiyA gyaa| yadyapi brahma-jIvajagat kA vAstavika advaita hai parantu brahma meM binA vikAra utpanna hue usI se jIva aura jagat kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / ataH yaha prakriyA avikRta pariNAma hai / isI mata ko avikRta pariNAmavAda kahate haiN| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra prakRti meM jaba pariNAma (parivartana ) hotA hai taba jagat kI utpatti hotI hai / isa mata ko prakRtipariNAmavAda kahate haiN| vedAntiyoM ke anusAra brahma kA pariNAma hI jagat hai| ise brahmapariNAmavAda kahate haiN| kintu vedAntiyoM ke kaI vibhinna sAMpradAyika mata haiN| zaGkarAcArya brahma kI nirvikAratA kI rakSA ke lie jagat ko brahma kA pariNAma na mAnakara usako brahma kA vivarta mAnate haiN| kintu isase jagat mithyA mAna tatazcakArAvabhathaM vidhidRSTena karmaNA / (mahAbhArata) [ zAstrokta vidhAna ke anusAra usane avabhUtha snAna kiyaa|] bhuvaM koSNena kuNDodhnI medhyenAvabhRthAdapi / (raghuvaMza) [ kuNDa bhara dUdha dene vAlI gau ne avabhRtha se bhI pavitra apane dUdha se bhUmi ko siMcita kiyaa|] avamadina saptAha kA aisA dina, jisameM do tithiyoM kA anta ho| isa dina kI dUsarI tithi kI gaNanA nahIM kI jAtI aura usakA kSaya honA kahA jAtA hai| prathama bAra vrata AcaraNa karane meM isako tyakta

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58 avighnavinAyaka athavA avidhnavrata-avinIta ha . liyA gyaa| yaha siddhAnta rAmAnujAcArya ko mAnya nahIM thaa| ataH unhoMne jIva aura jagat ( cit aura acit ) ko brahma ke antargata usakA vizeSaNa ( guNabhUta ) maanaa| madhvAcArya ne brahma ko kevala nimitta mAnA aura prakRti ko jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa maanaa| ___ isa dvaita doSa se bacane ke lie nimbArka ne prakRti ko brahma kI zakti mAnA, jisase jagat kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai / isa mAnyatA se brahma meM vikAra nahIM hotA, parantu jagat prakSepa mAtra athavA mithyA hI bana jAtA hai| vallabhAcArya ne uparyukta matoM kI apUrNatA svIkAra karate hue kahA ki jIva-jagat brahma kA pariNAma hai, kintu eka vicitra pariNAma hai| isase brahma meM vikAra nahIM utpanna hotaa| unake anusAra jIva aura jagat brahma ke vaise hI pariNAma haiM, jaise aneka prakAra ke AbhUSaNa sone ke, athavA aneka prakAra ke bhANDa mRttikA ke / apane mata ke samarthana meM inhoMne upaniSadoM se bahuta se pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| isa mata meM brahma saccidAnanda ( sat + cit + Ananda ) hai jisase jIva-jagat prAdurbhUta hotA hai| sat se jagat; sat aura cit se jIva aura sat, / cit aura Ananda se Izvara kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| isa prakAra avikRta brahma se yaha sampUrNa jagat udbhUta hotA hai| avighnavinAyaka athavA avidhnavata--(1), phAlguna, caturthI tithi se cAra mAsaparyanta gnneshpuujn| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, jilda 1, 524-525 / (2) mAsa ke donoM pakSoM kI caturthI, tIna varSaparyanta vrata-avadhi aura gaNeza devatA / de0 nirNayAmata, 43, bhaviSyottara purANa / avijJa ya-jAnane yogya nahIM, durjeya / manu kA kathana hai : AsIdidaM tamobhatamaprajJAtamalakSaNam / apratakyamavijJeyaM prasuptamiva sarvataH // [ yaha brahmANDa andhakArapUrNa, aprajJAta, lakSaNahIna, atarkanIya, na jAnane yogya, sarvatra soye hue ke samAna thA / ] mUla tattva ( brahma) bhI avijJeya kahA gayA hai| vaha jJAna kA viSaya nahIM, anu bhati kA viSaya hai / vAstava meM vaha viSaya mAtra nahIM hai; anirvacanIya hai| avidyA-advaitavAda ke anusAra brahma hI eka mAtra satya hai| AtmA evaM vizva, AtmA evaM padArtha meM dvaita kI sthApanA mAyA athavA avidyA kA kArya hai| avidyA kA artha hai mAnavabuddhi kI sImA, jisake kAraNa vaha deza aura kAla ke bhItara dekhatI aura socatI hai / avidyA vaha zakti hai jo mAnava ke lie sampUrNa dRzya jagat kA sarjana yA bhAna karAtI hai| sampUrNa dazyamAna jagat avidyA kA sAmrAjya hai| jaba manuSya isase Upara uThakara antardRSTi aura anubhava meM praveza karatA hai tava avidyA kA AvaraNa haTa jAtA hai aura advaita satya brahma kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| avidyA ke paryAya ajJAna, mAyA, ahaGkArahetuka ajJAna, mithyA jJAna, vidyAvirodhinI ayathArtha buddhi Adi hai| kathana hai : avidyAyA avidyAtvamidameva tu lakSaNam / yatpramANAsahiSNutvamanyathA vastu sA bhavet // [avidyA kA lakSaNa avidyAtva hI hai| vaha pramANa se siddha nahIM hotI, anyathA vaha vastu sattA ho jaaygii|] avidhi-avidhAna, athavA zAstra ke viruddha AcaraNa / gItA ( 9 / 23 ) meM kathana hai : ye'pyanyadevatA bhaktA yajante zraddhayAnvitAH / te'pi mAmeva kaunteya yajantyavidhipUrvakam / / [he arjuna ! jo loga anya devatAoM kI zraddhApUrvaka pUjA karate haiM, ve bhI avidhi pUrvaka merA hI yajana karate haiN| ] yAjJavalkaya ne bhI kahA hai : vaset sa narake ghore dinAni pazuromabhiH / amitAni durAcAro yo hantyavidhinA pazUn / [jo duSTa manuSya vinA vidhi ke pazuoM kA vadha karatA hai vaha pazu ke roma ke barAbara asaMkhya dinoM taka ghora naraka meM vAsa karatA hai| ] avinaya-vinaya kA abhAva athavA duHshiiltaa| manu (7.40-41) kA kathana hai : bahavo'vinayAnnaSTA rAjAnaH saparicchadAH / vanasthA api rAjyAni vinayAta pratipedire / / [vinaya se rahita bahuta se rAjA parivAra sahita naSTa ho gaye / vinaya yukta rAjAoM ne vana meM rahate hue bhI rAjya ko prApta kiyaa|] avinIta-vinayarahita (vyakti), samuddhata / rAmAyaNa meM kahA hai :

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avimukta-avyaGga na cApi pratikUlena nAvinItena rAvaNa / kANDa, 70-75; hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 439-444 / rAjyaM pAlayituM zakyaM rAjJA tIkSNena vA punaH / / avivAhyA-vivAha ke ayogya / sumantu ke anusAra mAtA[ he rAvaNa ! koI rAjA pratikUla, avinIta, tIkSNa pitA se sambaddha sAta pIr3hI taka kI kanyAe~ avivAhya AcaraNa ke dvArA rAjya kA pAlana nahIM kara sktaa|] hotI haiN| dUsaroM ke mata meM donoM pakSoM kI pA~ca pIDhiyoM avimukta-vArANasI kSetra / kAzIkhaNDa (a0 26 ) meM / taka kI kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha nahIM karanA cAhie / likhA hai : nArada kA bhI mata hai : mane pralayakAlepi naitata kSetraM kadAcana / A saptamAt paJcamAcca bandhubhyaH pitRmAtRtaH / vimuktaM syAt zivAbhyAM yadavimuktaM tato viduH // avivAhyA sagotrA ca samAnapravarA tathA / / avimuktaM tadArabhya kSetrametadudIryate / saptame paJcame vApi yeSAM vaivAhikI kriyA / asyAnandavanaM nAma purA'kAri pinAkinA / / te ca santAninaH sarve patitAH zUdratAM gatAH // kSetrasyAnandahetutvAdavimuktamanantaram / [pitA evaM mAtA kI sAta evaM pA~ca pIr3hiyoM taka kI Anandakanda bIjAnAmaGkarANi yatastataH // kanyAoM ke sAtha vivAha nahIM karanA cAhie / ve kanyAe~ jJeyAni sarvaliGgAni tasminnAnandakAnane / avivAhya hai| samAna pravara aura samAna gotra vAlI avimuktamiti khyAtamAsIditthaM ghaTodbhava / / kanyAoM ke sAtha bhI vivAha nahIM karanA caahie| pA~ca [he mune! pralaya kAla meM bhI ziva-pArvatI vArANasI athavA sAta pIr3hiyoM meM vivAha karanevAle loga santAna kSetra ko nahIM chor3ate / isIlie ise avimukta kahate haiM / sahita patita hokara zUdra ho jAte haiM / ] ziva ne pahale isakA nAma Anandavana rakhA, kyoki yaha avIcimAna -eka naraka kA nAma / usake anya nAma haiM kSetra Ananda kA kAraNa hai| isake anantara avimukta vaitaraNI, pUyoda, prANarodha, vizasana, lAlAbhakSa, sAramenAma rkhaa| isa Anandavana meM asaMkhya zivaliMgoM ke rUpa yAdana, avIci, ayApAna / jo isa loka meM sAkSya, dravya meM Anandakanda bIjoM ke aGkara idhara udhara bikhare hue kI adalA-badalI, dAna Adi meM kisI prakAra kA jhUTha hai / he agastya ! isa prakAra yaha vArANasI avimukta nAma bolatA hai vaha marakara avIcimAn naraka meM nIce sira se vikhyAta huii|] karake khule sthAna meM sau yojana U~ce parvata se girAyA padmapurANa meM kAzI ke cAra vibhAga kiye gaye haiM- jAtA hai| yahA~ para pApI manuSya girAye jAne se tila ke kAzI, vArANasI, avimukta aura antargRhI / vizva samAna vicchinna zarIra ho jAtA hai / (bhAgavata, 5.26) nAtha mandira ke cAroM ora do sau dhanvA (eka dhanvA = avestA-pArasI (IrAnI) logoM kA mUla dharmagrantha, jisakA 4 hAtha) kA vRtta avimukta kahalAtA hai| de0 'kAzI' veda se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| aneka devatAoM evaM dhArmika aura 'vaaraannsii| kRtyoM kA avestA evaM veda ke pAThoM meM sAmya hai, jaise aviyogadvAdazI-bhAdra zukla 12 tithi / isa dina ziva ahuramajda kA varuNa se, soma kA haoma se, Rta kA aza tathA gaurI, brahmA tathA sAvitrI, viSNu aura lakSmI, se / ye devatAnAma evaM dhArmika vicArasAmya bhAratIya evaM sUrya tathA unakI patnI vikSubdhA kA pUjana honA caahie| IrAnI AryoM kI ekatA ke dyotaka hai| sambhavataH ye eka de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1177-1180 / hI mUla sthAna ke rahane vAle bhAI-bhAI the / aviyogavata athavA aviyogatatIyA-striyoM ke lie avaidhavya zuklakAdazI-caitra zukla ekaadshii| de0 hemAdri, vizeSa vrata / mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA ko prArambha hotA vrata khaNDa, jilda 1, 115 / / hai / tRtIyA ke dina zarkarA mizrita khIra kA sevana, zambhu avyakta-vedAnta meM 'brahma' aura sAMkhya meM 'prakRti' donoM ke tathA gaurI kA pUjana vihita hai / eka varSa paryanta ATA lie isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isakA zAbdika artha tathA cAvala kI banI huI zambhu tathA gaurI kI mUrtiyoM hai 'jo vyakta (prakaTa) nahIM hai|' yaha jagat kA vaha maulika kA bArahoM mahInoM meM bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se bhinna-bhinna rUpa hai jo dRzya athavA pratIyamAna nahIM hai| phUloM se pUjana karanA cAhie / de0 kRtyakalpataru kA vrata avyaGga-isakA zAbdika artha hai pUrNa / yaha eka pUjA-upA

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avyaya-azokASTamI dAna hai, jise sUryamandira kA maga (athavA zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNa) purohita dhAraNa karatA hai / bhaviSyapurANa meM uddhRta hai ki kRSNa ke putra sAmba ne sUryopAsanA se apanA kuSTha roga nivAraNa kiyA tathA devatA ke prati kRtajJa ho unhoMne candrabhAgA tIrtha meM eka sUryamandira bnvaayaa| phira ve nArada ke zikSAnusAra zakadvIpa kI Azcaryajanaka yAtrA kara vahA~ se eka maga purohita lAye / yaha maga purohita anya pUjAsAmagriyoM ke sAtha 'avyaGga' nAmaka upAdAna pUjA ke samaya apane hAtha meM dhAraNa karatA thaa| avyaya-jisakA vyaya nahIM ho, avinAzI, nityapuruSa / yaha viSNu kA paryAya hai / mArkaNDeya purANa meM kahA gayA hai : namaskRtya surezAya viSNave prabhaviSNave / puruSAyAprameyAya zAzvatAyAvyayAya ca // [sureza, viSNu, prabhaviSNu, puruSa, aprameya, zAzvata, avyaya ko namaskAra karake / ] tamasaH paramApadavyayaM puruSaM yogasamAdhinA raghuH / (raghuvaMza) [yoga samAdhi ke dvArA raghu tama se pare avyaya puruSa ko prApta huaa|] azUnya vrata-isa vrata meM zrAvaNa mAsa se prArambha karake cAra mAsaparyanta pratyeka mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI dvitIyA ke dina akSata, dahI tathA phaloM sahita candramA ko arghyadAna kiyA jAtA hai| yadi dvitIyA tithi tRtIyA se viddha ho to usI dina vrata kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| de0 puruSArthacintAmaNi, pR0 83 / / azanyazayana vrata-zrAvaNa mAsa se prArambha karake pratyeka mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI dvitIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yaha tithivata hai / isameM lakSmI tathA hari kA pUjana hotA hai| isakA ullekha viSNudharmottara, matsya (71, 2-20), padmapurANa, viSNupurANa (24, 1-19) Adi meM huA hai| striyoM ke avaidhavya tathA puruSoM ke aviyoga (patnI se aviyoga) ke lie yaha vrata atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM bhagavAn se yaha prArthanA kI jAtI hai : lakSmyA na zUnyaM varada yathA te zayana sadA / zayyA mamApyazUnyAstu tathAtra madhusUdana // [he varada, jaise ApakI zeSazayyA lakSmIjI se kabhI bhI sUnI nahIM hotI, vaise hI merI zayyA apane pati yA patnI se sUnI na ho| kRtyaratnAkara (pRSTha 228) meM likhA hai ki jaba yaha kahA gayA hai ki vrata zrAvaNa kRSNa pakSa se Arambha hotA hai to prayoga se siddha hai ki mAsa pUrNimAnta hai| azokatrirAtra-jyeSTha, bhAdra athavA mArgazIrSa zukla pakSa kI trayodazI se lekara tIna rAtriparyanta eka varSa ke lie yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai / cA~dI ke azoka vRkSa kA pUjana tathA brahmA aura sAvitrI kI pratimAoM kA prathama dina pUjana, umA tathA mahezvara kA dvitIya dina, lakSmI tathA nArAyaNa kA tRtIya dina pUjana hotA hai| isake pazcAt pratimAe~ dAna kara dI jAtI haiN| yaha vrata pApazAmaka, roganivAraka tathA dIrghAyuSya, yaza, samRddhi, putra tathA pautra Adi pradAna karatA hai| de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 2.279-283; vratArka (patrAtmaka 261 ba-264) / yadyapi sAdhAraNataH yaha vrata mahilAoM ke lie nirdiSTa hai kintu putroM kI samRddhi ke icchuka puruSa bhI isa vrata kA AcaraNa kara sakate haiN| azokadvAdazI-vizoka dvAdazI kI hI bhA~ti, Azvina mAsa se eka varSaparyanta yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| dazamI ke dina halakA bhojana grahaNa kara ekAdazI ko pUrNa upavAsa karake dvAdazI ko vrata kI pAraNA hotI hai| isameM kezava kA pUjana hotA hai / isakA phala hai sundara svAsthya, saundarya tathA zoka se mukti / de0 matsya purANa, 81.1-28; kRtyakalpataru, vrata kANDa (pR0 360-363) / azokapUrNimA-phAlguna mAsa kI pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna honA cAhie / prathama cAra mAsoM meM tathA usake bAda ke cAra mAsoM meM pRthvI kA pUjana kara candramA ko arghya diyA jAtA hai| prathama cAra mAsoM meM pRthvI ko 'dharaNI' mAnate hue pUjana hotA hai| bAda ke cAra mAsoM meM 'medinI' nAma se tathA antima cAra mAsoM meM 'vasundharA' nAma se pUjana hotA hai| de0 agnipurANa, 194.1; hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 2.162-164 / / azokASTamI-(1) caitra zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yadi kahIM usa dina budhavAra tathA punarvasu nakSatra ho to usakA puNya bahuta bar3ha jAtA hai / isameM azoka ke puSpoM se durgA kA pUjana hotA hai| azoka kI ATha kaliyoM se yukta jala grahaNa kiyA jAnA caahie| azoka vRkSa kA mantra bolate hue pUjana karanA cAhie : tvAmazoka karAbhISTaM madhumAsasamudbhavam / pivAmi zokasantapto mAmazokaM sadA kuru //

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azokakASTamI-azvadIkSA de0 kAlaviveka, pR0 422; hemAdri kA caturya cintAmaNi, kAla aMza, pR0 626 / caitra zukla pakSa kI aSTamI ke dina sabhI tIrtha tathA nadiyoM kA jala brahmaputra nadI meM A jAtA hai / isa dina kA brahmaputra meM snAna una sabhI puNyoM ko pradAna karatA hai, jo vAjapeya yajJa karane se prApta hote haiN| azokakASTamI - isa vrata meM umA kA pUjana hotA hai| nIlamata purANa (pRSTha 74, zloka 1905-907) batalAtA hai ki azoka vRkSa svayaM devI hai / athavA zAstra ke artha meM adRDha vizvAsa zrAddhatattva meM kathana hai : vidhihInaM bhAvaduSTaM kRtamayA ca yat / taddharantyasurAstasya mUDhasya duSkRtAtmanaH // [ mUDha evaM duSTAtmA puruSa ke vidhihIna, bhAvadUSita tathA adhApUrvaka kiye gaye kArya ko asura hara lete haiM / ] mAnasika vRttibheda ko bhI azraddhA kahate haiM : kAmaH salpI vicikitsA zraddhAddhA dhRtirdhIrbhIrityetat sarvaM mana eva / / kAma, mUlya, vicikitsA, zraddhA, azraddhA, dhairya, lajjA, buddhi, bhaya ye saba mana hI haiM / ] gItA meM kathana hai : 'azraddhayA ca yaddattaM tattAmasamudAhRtam' [ jo dAna vinA zraddhA ke diyA jAtA hai use tAmasa kahA hai / ] adhAddhabhojI dhAda meM bhojana na karane vAlA, prazaMsanIya brAhmaNa zrAddha kA anna na khAne vAlA brAhmaNa pavitra AcAravAn yA tyAgI mAnA jAtA hai| kucha dhAr3oM meM bhojana karane ke badale prAyazcitta karane kA Adeza smRtiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / azvagrIva - viSNu se dveSa karanevAlA asura / mahAbhArata meM kahA hai : ' 'azvagrIvazca sUkSmazca tuhuNDazca mahAbalaH [ azvagrIva, sUkSma, tuhuNDa, mahAbala ye daitya haiM / ] vRSNivaMzaja citraka kA eka putra jo rAjA ho gayA 'azvagrIva iti khyAtaH pRthivyAM so'bhavannRpaH ' azvattha - hinduoM kA pUjya popala vRkSa / ise vizvavRkSa bhI kahate haiM / isakA eka nAma vAsudeva bhI hai| aisA vizvAsa hai ki isake patte patte meM devatAoM kA vAsa hai / kAma-karmarUpI vAyu ke dvArA prerita, nitya pracalita svabhAva evaM zIghra vinAzI hone ke kAraNa tathA kala bhI rukegA aisA vizvAsa na hone ke kAraNa, mAyAmaya saMsAravRkSa ko bhI azvattha kahate haiM / isake paryAya hai- (1) vodhidruma, (2) caladala, (3) pippala, (4) kuJjarAzana, (5) acyutAvAsa, (6) calapatra, (7) pavitraka, (8) zubhada, (9) bodhivRkSa, (10) yAjJika, (11) gajabhakSaka, (12) zrImAn, (13) kSIradruma, (14) vipra, (15) maGgalya, (16) zyAmala, (17) guhyapuSpa, (18) sevya, (19) satya, ( 20 ) zucima aura (21) dhanavRkSa / 61 Rgveda meM azvattha kI lakar3I ke pAtroM kA ullekha hai| paravartI kAla ke granthoM meM isa vRkSa kA atyadhika ullekha kiyA gayA hai| isakI kaThora lakar3I agni jalAte samaya zamI kI lakar3I ke Upara rakhI jAtI thI / yaha apanI jar3oM ko dUsare vRkSa ke tane meM sthApita kara unheM naSTa kara detA hai, vizeSa kara khadira nAmaka vRkSa ko / isI kAraNa ise bAdha bhI kahate haiM / isake phaloM ko miSTAnna ke artha meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai, jise pakSI khAte haiM (R0 1. 164, 20) / devatA loga isa vRkSa ke nIce tIsare svarga meM nivAsa karate haiM (a0 0 5.4, 3 chA0 308.5, 20 kau0 u0 9.3) / azvattha evaM nyagrodha ko zikhaNDI bhI vRkSa kI lakar3I ke pAtra yajJoM meM kAma meM kahate haiM / isa lAye jAte haiM / isa vRkSa kA dhArmika mahattva adhika hai| gItA meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne kahA hai ki 'vRkSoM meM maiM azvattha hU~ / ' vizvavRkSa se isakI tulanA kI gayI hai / isako caityavRkSa bhI kahate haiN| isake nIce pUjA-arcA Adi hotI hai| J azvarathavrata apazakuna, AkramaNa saMkrAmaka bImAriyoM, jaise kuSTha Adi ke phailane ke samaya azvatva kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| de0 vratArka, patrAtmaka, pR0 406, 408 / azvadIkSA - Azvina zukla pakSa meM jaba svAti nakSatra kA candramA ho usa dina yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai / indra ke ghor3e (uccaiHzravA) tathA apane ghor3oM kA isa samaya sammAna karanA caahie| yadi navamI tithi ho to zAntipATha ke sAtha cAra bhinna raMgoM meM raMge hue dhAgoM ko ghor3oM kI

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62 gardanoM meM bAMdhanA caahie| de0 nIlamata purANa, pRSTha 77, padya 943-947 / azvapUjA - Azvina zukla pakSa kI pratipadA se navamI paryanta yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| de0 'Azvina' / azvamukha - ghor3e ke samAna mukha vAlA, kinnara ( strI azvamukhI, kinnarI) / kimpuruSa isakA eka anya paryAya hai / azvamedha vaidika yajJoM meM azvamedha yajJa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / yaha mahAkratuoM meM se eka hai| Rgveda meM isase sambandhita do mantra haiM / zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 13.1-5) meM isakA vizada varNana prApta hotA hai| taittirIya brAhmaNa (3.809), kAtyAyanIya zrautasUtra ( 20 ), Apastamba (20), AzvalAyana ( 10.6), zAMkhAyana (16) tathA dUsare samAna granthoM meM isakA varNana prApta hotA hai mahAbhArata (10.71.14) meM mahArAja yudhiSThira dvArA kauravoM para vijaya prApta karane ke pazcAt pApa mocanArtha kiye gaye azvamedha yajJa kA vizada varNana hai / azvamedha mukhyataH rAjanItika yajJa thA aura ise vahI samrAT kara sakatA thA, jisakA Adhipatya anya sabhI nareza mAnate the / Apastamba ne likhA hai 'rAjA sArvabhaumaH azvamedhena yajet / nApyasArvabhauma:' [ sArvabhauma rAjA azvamedha yajJa kare asArvabhauma kadApi nahIM | ] yaha yajJa usakI vistRta vijayoM, sampUrNa abhilASAoM kI pUrti evaM zakti tathA sAmrAjya kI vRddhi kA yotaka hotA thaa| digvi jaya-yAtrA ke pazcAt sAphalyamaNDita hone para isa yajJa kA anuSThAna hotA thA / aitareya brAhmaNa (8.20 ) isa yajJa ke karanevAle mahArAjoM kI sUcI prastuta karatA hai, jinhoMne apane rAjyArohaNa ke pazcAt pRthvI ko jItA evaM isa yajJa ko kiyaa| isa prakAra yaha yajJa samrAT kA pramukha kartavya samajhA jAne lagA / janatA isameM bhAga lene lagI evaM isakA pakSa dhArmika kI apekSA adhika sAmAjika hotA gyaa| vAkcAturya, zAstrArSa Adi ke pradarzana kA isameM samAveza huaa| isa prakAra isa yajJa ne dUsare zrauta yajJoM se bhinna rUpa grahaNa kara liyA / - yajJa kA prArambha vasanta athavA grISma Rtu meM hotA thA tathA isake pUrva prArambhika anuSThAnoM meM prAyaH eka varSa kA samaya lagatA thA / sarvaprathama eka ayukta azva cunA jAtA thaa| yaha zuddha jAti kA mUlyavAn evaM viziSTa cihnoM se yukta hotA thA / yajJa stambha meM bAMdhane ke pratIkAtmaka kArya se mukta kara ise snAna azvapUjA - azvamegha karAyA jAtA thA tathA eka varSa taka abandha daur3ane tathA bUr3he ghor3oM ke sAtha khelane diyA jAtA thaa| isake pazcAt isakI digvijaya yAtrA prArambha hotI thI / isake sira para jayapatra bA~dhakara chor3A jAtA thA eka sau rAjakumAra, eka sau rAjasabhAsada, eka sau uccAdhikAriyoM ke putra tathA eka sau choTe adhikAriyoM ke putra isakI rakSA ke lie sazastra pIche-pIche prasthAna karate the / isake svatantra vicaraNa meM koI bAdhA upasthita nahIM hone dete the| isa azva ke curAne yA ise rokane vAle nareza se yuddha hotA thA / yadi yaha azva kho jAtA to dUsare azva se yaha kriyA Arambha se punaH kI jAtI thii| jaba yaha azva digvijaya yAtrA para jAtA thA to sthAnIya loga isake punarAgamana kI pratIkSA karate the| madhyakAla meM anekoM prakAra ke utsava manAye jAte the / savitRdeva ko nitya upahAra diyA jAtA thaa| rAjA ke sammukha purohita utsava ke madhya mantragAna karatA thA / isa mantragAna kA cakra pratyeka gyArahaveM dina duharAyA jAtA thaa| isameM gAna, vaMzIvAdana tathA veda ke vizeSa adhyAyoM kA pATha hotA thA / isa avasara para rAjakavi rAjA kI prazaMsA meM racita gItoM ko sunAtA thA / mantragAna nATaka ke rUpa meM vividha prakAra ke pAtroM, vRddha, navayuvaka, sa~peroM, TAkU, machuvA, AkheTaka evaM RSiyoM ke mAdhyama se prastuta hotA thaa| jaba varSa samApta hotA aura azva vApasa A jAtA, taba rAjA kI dIkSA ke sAtha yajJa prArambha hotA thA / vAstavika yajJa tIna dina calatA thA, jisameM anya pazuyajJa hote the evaM somarasa bhI nicor3A jAtA thA / dUsare dina yajJa kA azva svarNAbharaNa se susajjita kara, tIna anya azvoM ke sAtha eka ratha meM nAdhA jAtA thA aura use cAroM ora ghumAkara phira snAna karAte the| phira vaha rAjA kI tIna pramukha 'rAniyoM dvArA abhiSikta evaM susajjita kiyA jAtA thA, jaba ki hotA evaM pramukha purohita brahmodya karate the / punaH azva eka bakare ke sAtha yajJastambha meM bA~dha diyA jAtA thaa| dUsare pazu jo saikar3oM kI saMkhyA meM hote the, bali ke lie stambhoM meM bA~dhe jAte the kapar3oM se Dhakakara inakA zvAsa phulAyA jAtA thA / punaH mukhya rAnI azva ke sAtha vastrAvaraNa ke bhItara pratIkAtmaka rUpa se leTatI thI / purohitAdi brAhmaNa mahilAoM ke sAtha pramodapUrvaka prazno tara karate the (vAjasaneyI saMhitA 23, 22) / jyoM hI mukhya

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azvamedhika-azvinau rAnI uTha khar3I hotI, tyoM hI cAturIpUrvaka yajJa-azva kATa diyA jAtA thA / anekoM abodhagamya kRtyoM ke pazcAt, jisameM sabhI purohita evaM yajJa karanevAle sammilita hote the, azva ke vibhinna bhAgoM ko bhUnakara prajApati ko Ahuti dI jAtI thI / tIsare dina yajJakarttA ko vizuddhisnAna karAyA jAtA, jisake bAda vaha yaza karAne vAle purohitoM tathA brAhmaNoM ko dAna detA thA / dakSiNA jIte hue dezoM se prApta dhana kA eka bhAga hotI thii| kahIM-kahIM dAsiyoM sahita rAniyoM ko bhI upahAra sAmagrI ke rUpa meM diye jAne kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / azvamedha brahmahatyA Adi pApakSaya, svarga prApti evaM mokSa prApti ke lie bhI kiyA jAtA thaa| gupta sAmrAjya ke patana ke bAda azvamedha prAyaH banda hI ho gyaa| isake paravartI ullekha prAyaH paramparAgata haiN| inameM bhI isa yajJa ke bahuta se dhauta aGga saMpanna nahIM zrauta hote the / avamedhika apayamedha yAga ke upayukta ghodd'aa| dekhie 'azvamedha' / azvayuj (ka) -- azvinI nakSatra Azvina mAsa / azvala - videharAja janaka kA purohita jo bRhadAraNyaka upa niSad meM eka prAmANika vidvAn kahA gayA hai| Rgveda ke zrota sUtroM meM sabase prathama AzvalAyana zrautasUtra samajhA jAtA hai, jo bAraha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki azvala RSi hI usa sUtragrantha ke racayitA haiM / aitareya AraNyaka ke cauthe kANDa ke praNetA kA nAma bhI AzvalAyana hai / andhavrata- yaha saMvatsara vrata hai| isakA indra devatA hai| de0 matsya purANa, 101.71 tathA hemAdri, vrata khaNDa / azvinau ( azvin ) - ye vaidika AkAzIya devatA haiM aura do bhAI hai tathA inakA 'uSA' se samIpI sambandha hai, kyoMki tInoM kA udaya eka sAtha hI prAtaH kAla hotA hai / nizcaya hI yaha dina-rAtri kA sandhikAla hai kyoMki agni, uSA evaM sUrya ke udaya kAla kA azvina ke udayakAla se sAmya hai ( R0 1.157 ) / sUrya kI putrI tIna baiThakoM se yukta azvina ke ratha meM savAra hotI haiM' (R0 1. 24.5 Adi ) / Azaya yaha hai ki uSA ( pau phaTanA ) evaM sandhikAlIna dhImA prakAza ( prAtaHkAlIna nakSatra azvinI) donoM eka hI kAla meM prakaTa hote haiN| isa ----- 63 prakAra sAtha-sAtha udaya se uSA evaM azvinI bhAiyoM meM prema kA AropaNa kiyA gayA gayA hai aura uSA devI ne donoM azvArohiyoM ko apanA sahayogI cunA hai / samasyA aura bhI ulajha jAtI hai jaba ki sUryaputrI ko azvinau kI bahina tathA patnI donoM kahA jAtA hai ( R0 1. 180.2 ) / vAstava meM yaha sampUrNa varNana AlaMkArika aura rUpakAtmaka hai | azvinoM ke vAhana azva hI nahIM, apitu pakSI bhI kahe gaye haiM / unakA ratha madhu hA~katA hai / usake hAtha meM madhu kA hI kor3A hai / olDenabarga ne isakA artha prAtaHkAlIna osa - bU~deM tathA griphitha ne jIvanadAyaka prabhAta vAyu lagAyA hai| unake vAhana pakSI rakta varNa ke haiN| unakA patha raktavarNa evaM svarNavarNa hai / azvinau kA jo bhI bhautika AdhAra ho, ve spaSTataH uSA evaM dina ke agradUta haiM / 7 inakA dUsarA pakSa hai duHkha se mukti denA evaM Azcaryajanaka kArya karanA / azvinI vipatti meM sahAyatA karate haiN| ve devatAoM ke cikitsaka haiM jo pratyeka roga se mukti dete haiM khoyI huI dRSTi dAna karate haiM, zArIrika kSatoM ko pUrate haiM aura asvAsthyakArI evaM pIr3aka bANoM se bacAte haiM / ve gau evaM azva-dhana se paripUrNa haiM evaM unakA ratha dhana evaM bhojana se bharA rahatA hai / inake duHkha se mukti dene ke cAra udAharaNa Rgveda ( 7.71. 5) meM diye hue haiM unhoMne bUr3he maharSi cyavana ko yuvaka banA diyA, unake jIvana ko bar3hA diyA tathA unheM aneka kumAriyoM kA pati hone meM samartha banAyA / inhoMne jalate hue agnikuNDa se atri kA uddhAra kiyA / : azvinau ke vaMza kA vividhatA se varNana milatA hai / kaI bAra unheM dyau kI santAna kahA gayA hai / eka sthAna para sindhu ko unakI jananI kahA gayA hai ( niHsandeha yaha AkAzIya sindhu hai aura isakA sambhavataH artha hai AkAza kA putra ) / eka sthAna para unheM vivasvAn kI jur3avA~ santAna kahA gayA hai| azvinau kA nikaTa sambandha prema, vivAha, puruSatva evaM saMtAna se hai ve soma evaM sUryA ke vivAha meM vara ke madhyastha ke rUpa se prastuta kiye gaye haiM / ve sUryA ko apane ratha para lAye / isa prakAra ve navavivAhitAoM ko varagRha meM lAne kA kArya karate haiM / ve

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64 santAna ke nimitta pUjita hote haiM ( R0 10.184.2 ) / paurANika purAkathAoM meM azvinau kA utanA mahattva nahIM hai, jitanA vaidika sAhitya meM / phira bhI azvinI- kumAra ke nAma se inakI bahuta sI kathAe~ prAcIna sAhitya . meM upalabdha hotI hai / de0 'azvinIkumAra' / azvinI-sattAIsa nakSatroM ke antargata prathama nakSatra / azvinI se lekara revatI taka sattAIsa tArAgaNa dakSa kI kanyA hone ke kAraNa 'dAkSAyaNI' kahalAte haiN| azvinI candramA kI bhAryA tathA nava-pAdAtmaka meSarAzi ke Adi cAra pAda rUpa hai, isake svAmI devatA azvArUDha azvinIkumAra haiN| azvinIkumAra--Ayurveda ke AcAryoM meM azvinIkumAroM kI gaNanA hotI hai / suzruta ne likhA hai ki brahmA ne pahale pahala eka lAkha zlokoM kA Ayurveda (grantha ) banAyA, jisameM eka sahasra adhyAya the| usako prajApati ne par3hA, prajApati se azvinIkumAroM ne aura azvinIkumAroM se indra ne par3hA / indra se dhanvantari ne aura dhanvantari se sunakara suzruta muni ne Ayurveda kI racanA kI / azvinIkumAroM ne cyavana RSi ko yauvana pradAna kiyaa| azvinIkumAra vaidika azvinau hI haiM, jo pIche paurANika rUpa meM isa nAma se citrita hone lge| ye azvarUpiNI saMjJA nAmaka sUryapatnI ke yugala putra tathA devatAoM ke vaidya haiM / harivaMza purANa meM likhA hai : vivasvAn kazyapAjjajJe dAkSAyaNyAmarindama / tasya bhAryAbhavatsaMjJA tvASTrI devI vivasvataH // devau tasyAmajAyetAmazvinau bhiSajAM vrau| [he arindama ! kazyapa se dakSa prajApati kI kanyA dvArA vivasvAn nAmaka putra huA / usakI patnI tvaSTA kI putrI saMjJA thii| usase azvinIkumAra nAmaka do putra hue jo zreSTha vaidya the / ] de0 'azvin' / aSTaka-ATha kA samUha, aSTa saMkhyA se viziSTa / yathA gaGgASTakaM paThati yaH prayataH prabhAte vAlmIkinA viracitaM sukhadaM manuSyaH / / [jo manuSya prabhAta samaya meM premapUrvaka sukha dene vAlA, vAlmIki muni dvArA racita gaGgASTaka par3hatA hai / ] acyutaM kezavaM viSNuhari satyaM janArdanam / haMsaM nArAyaNaJcaiva etannAmASTakaM zubham / / [ acyuta, kezava, viSNu, hari, satya, janArdana, haMsa, nArAyaNa, ye ATha nAma zubhadAyaka hai|] azvinI-aSTa chApa aSTakA-zrAddha ke yogya kucha aSTamI tithiyA~ / Azvina, pauSa, mAgha, phAlguna mAsoM kI kRSNASTamI aSTakA kahalAtI haiM / inameM zrAddha karanA Avazyaka hai| aSTagandha-ATha sugandhita dravya, jinako milAkara devapUjana, yantralekhana Adi ke lie sugandhita candana taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai| vibhinna devatAoM ke lie inameM kucha vastueM alaga-alaga hotI haiN| sAdhAraNatayA inameM candana, agara, devadAru, kesara, kapUra, zailaja, jaTAmAMsI aura gorocana mAne jAte haiN| aSTachApa-puSTimArgIya AcArya vallabha ke kAvyakIrtanakAra cAra pramukha ziSya the tathA unake putra viTThalanAtha ke bhI aise hI cAra ziSya the| AThoM vrajabhUmi (mathurA ke cAroM ora ke samIpI gA~voM) ke nivAsI the aura zrInAthajI ke samakSa gAna racakara gAyA karate the| unake gItoM ke saMgraha ko 'aSTachApa' kahate haiM, jisakA zAbdika artha ATha mudrAe~ hai / unhoMne vrajabhASA meM zrI kRSNa viSayaka bhaktirasapUrNa kavitAe~ rcii| unake bAda sabhI kRSNabhakta kavi vrajabhASA meM hI kavitA likhane lge| aSTachApa ke kavi nimnalikhita hue haiM (1) kumbhanadAsa (1468-1582 I0) (2) sUradAsa (1478-1580 I0) / kRSNadAsa (1495-1575 I0) (4) paramAnandadAsa (1491-1583 I0) (5) govindadAsa (1505-1585 I0) (6) chItasvAmI (1481-1585 I0) (7) nandadAsa (1533-1586 I0) (8) caturbhujadAsa inameM sUradAsa pramukha the| apanI nizchala bhakti ke kAraNa ye loga bhagavAn kRSNa ke 'sakhA' bhI mAne jAte haiM / parama bhAgavata hone ke kAraNa ye 'bhagavadIya' bhI kahalAte haiM / ye loga vibhinna vargoM ke the| paramAnanda kAnyakubja brAhmaNa the| kRSNadAsa zUdravarNa ke the| kumbhanadAsa kSatriya the kintu kRSaka kA kAma karate the / sUradAsa jI kisI ke mata meM sArasvata brAhmaNa aura kisI ke mata meM bahmabhaTTa the| govindadAsa sanADhya brAhmaNa aura chItasvAmI mAthara caube the / nandadAsa bhI sanADhya brAhmaNa the| aSTachApa ke bhaktoM meM bar3I udAratA pAyI jAtI hai| 'caurAsI vaiSNavana kI vArtA' tathA 'do sau bAvana vaiSNavana kI vArtA' meM inakA jIvanavRtta vistAra se pAyA jAtA hai /

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aSTamaGgala-aSTAGgayoga aSTamaGgala-ATha prakAra ke maGgaladravya yA zubhakAraka [agni, sUrya, candramA, bhUmi, jala, vAyu, yajamAna, vastue~ / nandikezvara parANokta durgotsavapaddhati meM kathana hai : AkAza ye ATha mahAdeva kI matiyA~ haiN|| mRgarAjo vRSo nAgaH kalazo vyajanaM tathA / aSTazravA-jinake ATha kAna haiM; brahmA kA eka upanAma / vaijayantI tathA bherI dIpa ityaSTamaGgalam / / cAra mukha vAle brahmA ke pratyeka mukha ke do do kAna hone ke [siMha, baila, hAthI, kalaza, paMkhA, vaijayantI, Dhola tathA kAraNa unako ATha kAnoM vAlA kahate haiN| . dIpaka ye ATha maGgala kahe gaye hai|] aSTAkapAla-ATha kapAloM ( miTTI ke tasaloM) meM pakA zuddhitattva meM bhinna prakAra se kahA gayA hai : haA homAnna / yaha eka yajJakarma bhI hai, jisameM ATha lokesmin maGgalAnyaSTau brAhmaNo gaurhatAzanaH / / kapAloM meM puroDAza (roTa ) pakAkara havana kiyA hiraNyaM sarpirAditya Apo rAjA tathASTamaH // jAtA hai| [ isa loka meM brAhmaNa, gau, agni, sonA, ghI, sUrya, jala aSTAGga-devadarzana kI eka vidhi, jisameM zarIra ke ATha tathA rAjA ye ATha maGgala kahe gaye haiN| aMgoM se parikramA yA praNAma kiyA jAtA hai| AtmaaSTamI-AThavIM tithi, yaha candramA kI ATha kalA-kriyA uddhAra athavA AtmasamarpaNa kI rItiyoM meM 'aSTAGga rUpa hai / zukla pakSa meM aSTamI navamI se yukta grahaNa karanI praNipAta' bhI eka hai| isakA artha hai (1) AThoM aGgoM se caahie| kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI saptamI se yukta grahaNa ( peTa ke bala ) guru yA devatA ke prasanna tArtha sAmane leTa karanI cAhie, yathA : jaanaa| (2) isI rUpa meM punaH punaH leTate hue eka sthAna kRSNapakSe'STamI caiva kRSNapakSe cturdshii| se dUsare sthAna para jaanaa| isake anusAra kisI pUrvaviddhaiva kartavyA paraviddhA na kutracit // pavitra vastu kI parikramA yA daNDavat praNAma uparyukta rIti upavAsAdikAryeSu eSa dharmaH sanAtanaH / / se kiyA jAtA hai| aSTAGga-parikramA bahuta puNyadAyinI [upavAsa Adi kAryoM meM kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI tathA mAnI jAtI hai / sAdhAraNa jana isako 'DaMDautI denA' kahate kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI pUrvaviddhA hI lenI cAhie na ki haiN| isakA vivaraNa yoM hai : paraviddhA / yahI paramparAgata rIti hai / ] urasA zirasA dRSTayA manasA vacasA tathA / aSTamIvrata-lagabhaga tIsa aSTamIvrata haiM, jinakA ucita padbhyAM karAbhyAM jAnubhyAM praNAmo'STAMga ucyate // noM para ullekha kiyA gayA hai| sAmAnya niyama yaha hai chAtI, mastaka, netra, mana, vacana, paira, jaMghA aura ki zukla pakSa kI navamIviddhA aSTamI ko prAthamikatA hAtha-~-ATha aMgoM se jhukane para aSTAMga praNAma hotA hai|] pradAna kI jAya tathA kRSNa pakSa meM saptamIsaMyukta aSTamI (striyoM ko paJcAMga praNAma karane kA vidhAna hai|) lI jAya / de0 tithitattva, 40, dharmasindhu, 15, hemAdri, aSTAGayoga-(1) pataJjali ke nirdezAnasAra ATha aMgoM vratakhaNDa, 1.811-886 / kI yoga sAdhanA / isake ATha aGga nimnAMkita hai : aSTamUrti-ziva kA eka nAma / unakI ATha mUrtiyoM ke 1. yama (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aparigraha) nimnAMkita nAma haiM : 2. niyama (zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya aura Izvara(1) kSitimUrti zarva, (2) jalamUrti bhava, (3) agni praNidhAna) mUrti rudra, (5) vAyumUrti ugra, (5) AkAzamUrti bhIma, 3. Asana (sthiratA tathA sukha se baiThanA) (6) yajamAnamUrti pazupati, (7) candramUrti mahAdeva aura 4. prANAyAma (zvAsa kA niyamana-recaka, pUraka tathA (8) sUryamUrti IzAna / zarabharUpI ziva ke ye ATha caraNa kumbhaka) bhI kahe gaye haiN| de0 kAlikApurANa aura tantrazAstra / 5. pratyAhAra (indriyoM kA apane viSayoM se pratyAvartana) ziva kI ATha mUrtiyA~ isa prakAra bhI kahI gayI haiM : 6. dhAraNA (citta ko kisI sthAna meM sthira karanA) athAgniH ravirinduzca bhUmirApaH prabhaJjanaH / 7. dhyAna (kisI sthAna meM dhyeya vastu kA jJAna jaba eka yajamAnaH khamau ca mahAdevasya mUrtayaH / / pravAha meM saMlagna hai, taba use dhyAna kahate haiM /

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ta aSTAGgArthya-aSTAdhyAyI 8. samAdhi (jaba dhyAna apanA svarUpa chor3akara dhyeya ke AkAra meM bhAsita hotA hai taba use samAdhi kahate haiN|) samAdhi kI avasthA meM dhyAna aura dhyAtA kA bhAna nahIM rahatA, kevala dhyeya raha jAtA hai| dhyeya ke hI AkAra ko citta dhAraNa kara letA hai / isa sthiti meM dhyAna, dhyAtA aura dhyeya kI eka samAna pratIti hotI hai| (2) 'aSTAGgayoga' nAmaka do granthoM kA bhI patA calatA hai / eka to zrI caranadAsa racita hai, jo caranadAsI paMtha ke calAne vAle the| isa paMtha meM yoga kI pradhAnatA hai, yadyapi ye upAsanA rAdhA-kRSNa kI karate haiN| racanAkAla aThArahavIM zatI hai / dUsarA 'aSTAGgayoga' guru nAnaka kA racA batAyA jAtA hai| dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi yoga ke ina tIna aGgoM ko saMyama kahate haiN| inameM saphala hone se prajJA kA udaya hotA hai / (yogasUtra) aSTAGgAr2yA-ATha dravyoM se banAyA gayA pUjA kA eka upakaraNa / tantra meM kathana hai : ApaH kSIraM kuzAgrANi dadhi sarpiH sataNDulAH / yavAH siddhArthakazcaiva aSTAGgArgyaH prakIrtitaH // [ jala, dUdha, kuza kA agrabhAga, dahI, ghI, cAvala, jau, sarasoM ye milAkara aSTAGgAr2yA kahe gaye haiN|] skandapurANa (kAzIkhaNDa) meM kathana hai : ApaH kSIraM kuzAgrANi dhRtaM madhu tathA dadhi / raktAni karavIrANi tathA raktaM ca candanam // aSTAGga eSa ayo vai mAnave parikIrtitaH // [ jala, dUdha, kuza kA agrabhAga, ghI, madhu, dahI, karavIra ke raktapuSpa tathA lAlacandana sUrya ke lie yaha aSTAGga ardhya kahA gayA hai|] aSTAdazarahasya-AcArya rAmAnujaracita eka grantha / aSTAvazalIlAkANDa-caitanyadeva ke ziSya evaM prakANDa vidvAn rUpa gosvAmI kA racA huA eka grantha / aSTAvazasmRti-isa nAma kA eka prasiddha smRtisNgrh| isameM manu aura yAjJavalkya kI smRtiyA~ nahIM haiN| ina do ke atirikta jina smatiyoM kA saMgraha isameM kiyA gayA auzanasasmRti, 5. AGgirasasmati, 6. yamasmati, 7. ApastambasmRti, 8. saMvartasmRti, 9. kAtyAyanasmRti, 10. bRhaspatismRti, 11. parAzarasmRti, 12. vyAsasmRti, 13. zaGkha-likhitasmRti, 14. dakSasmRti, 15. gautamasmRti, 16. zAtAtapasmRti, 17. vasiSThasmRti aura 18. smRtikaustubha / ___isa saMgraha meM viSNusmRti bhI sammilita hai, kintu usake kevala pA~ca adhyAya hI diye gaye haiM, jaba ki vaGgavAsI presa kI chapI viSNusaMhitA meM kula milAkara eka sau adhyAya haiM / aSTAdhyAyI-pANiniracita saMskRta vyAkaraNa kA prasiddha grantha / isameM ATha adhyAya haiN| isakA bhAratIya bhASAoM para bahuta bar3A prabhAva hai / sAtha hI isameM yatheSTa itihAsa viSayaka sAmagrI bhI upalabdha hai / vaidika bhASA ko jJeya, vizvasta, bodhagamya evaM sundara banAne kI paramparA meM pANini agraNI haiN| saMskRta bhASA kA to yaha grantha AdhAra hI hai| unake samaya taka saMskRta bhASA meM kaI parivartana hue the, kintu aSTAdhyAyI ke praNayana se saMskRta bhASA meM sthiratA A gayI tathA yaha prAyaH aparivartanazIla bana gyii| ___aSTAdhyAyI meM kula sUtroM kI saMkhyA 3996 hai / isameM sandhi, subanta, kRdanta, uNAdi, AkhyAta, nipAta, upasaMkhyAna, svaravidhi, zikSA aura taddhita Adi viSayoM kA vicAra hai| aSTAdhyAyI ke pAribhASika zabdoM meM aise aneka zabda haiM jo pANini ke apane banAye haiM aura bahata se aise zabda hai jo pUrvakAla se pracalita the / pANini ne apane race zabdoM kI vyAkhyA kI hai aura pahale ke aneka pAribhASika zabdoM kI bhI nayI vyAkhyA karake unake artha aura prayoga kA vikAsa kiyA hai| Arambha meM unhoMne caturdaza sutra diye haiN| inhIM sUtroM ke AdhAra para pratyAhAra banAye gaye haiM, jinakA prayoga Adi se anta taka pANini ne apane sUtroM meM kiyA hai| pratyAhAroM se sUtroM kI racanA meM ati lAghava A gayA hai / gaNasamUha bhI inakA apanA hI hai / sUtroM se hI yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki pANini ke samaya meM pUrva-aJcala aura uttara-aJcalavAsI do zreNI vaiyAkaraNoM kI thIM jo pANini kI maNDalI se atirikta rahI hoNgii| 1.atrismRti, 2. viSNusmRti, 3. hArItasmRti, 4.

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aSTAvakra-asidhArAvata aSTAvakra-eka jJAnI RSi / inakA zarIra ATha sthAnoM meM vakra (Ter3hA) thA, ataH inakA nAma 'aSTAvakra' par3A / purA- kathA ke anusAra ye eka bAra rAjA janaka kI sabhA meM gaye / vahA~ sabhAsad inako dekhakara ha~sa par3e / aSTAvakra kruddha hokara bole, "yaha camAroM kI sabhA hai / maiM samajhatA thA ki paNDitoM kI sabhA hogii|" janaka ne pUchA, bhagavan ! aisA kyoM kahA gayA ? aSTAvakra ne uttara diyA, "ApakI sabhA meM baiThe loga kevala camar3e ko paha- cAnate haiM, AtmA aura usake guNa ko nhiiN|" isa para sabhAsad bahuta lajjita hue| taba aSTAvakra ne Atmatattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA / yaha eka paNDita kA nAma bhI hai, jinhoMne mAnava gRhya- sUtra para vRtti likhI hai| aSTAracakravAn-jAgRta aSTakoNa cakravAlA, samAdhisiddha yogI, jisakI kuNDalinI kA aSTadala kamala vikasita ho gayA ho| eka jaina AcArya, jinake paryAya haiM- (1) maJjuzrI, (2) jJAnadarpaNa, (3) maJjabhadra, (4) maJjaghoSa, (5) kumAra, (6) sthiracakra, (7) vajradhara, (8) prajJAkAya, (9) vAdirAja, (10) nIlotpalI, (11) mahA- rAja, (12) nIla, (13) zArdUlavAhana, (14) dhiyAmpati, (15) pUrvajina, (16) khaGgI, (17) daNDI, (18) vibhUSaNa, (19) bAlavrata, (20) paJcacIra, (21) siMhakeli, (22) zikhAvara, (23) vAgIzvara / aSTAviMzatitattva-vaGga pradezavAsI raghunandana bhaTTAcArya kRta 'aSTAviMzatitattva' solahavIM zatAbdI kA grantha hai, jisako prAcInatAvAdI hindU bar3e hI Adara kI dRSTi se dekhate hai| isa grantha meM hinduoM ke dhArmika kartavyoM kA vizada varNana kiyA gayA hai| asatI-darAcAriNI, svairiNI, vyabhicAriNI / usake paryAya haiM-(1) puzcalI, (2) dharSiNI, (3) bandhakI, (4) kulaTA, (5) itvarI, (6) pAMsulA, (7) dhRSTA, (8) duSTA, (9) dharSitA, (10) laGkA, (11) nizAcarI, (12) paarnnddaa| asatpatha-kumArga, jo acchA mArga nahIM hai, pApa kA raastaa| (1) kupatha, (2) kApatha, (3) duradhva, (4) apatha, (5) kadadhvA, (6) vipatha aura (7) kutsitavama / asAdhvI-jo sAdhvI nahIM, apativratA / asi-jo snAna se pApoM ko dUra karatI hai [as + in| nadI vizeSa / yaha kAzI kI dakSiNa dizA meM sthita barasAtI nadI hai| jahA~ gaGgA aura asi kA saMgama hotA hai vaha assIghATa kahalAtA hai : asizca varaNA yatra kSetrarakSAkRtau kRte / vArANasIti vikhyAtA tadArabhya mahAmune / / [asi aura varaNA ko nagarI kI sImA para rakha diyA gayA, unakA saGgama prApta karake kAzikA usa samaya se vArANasI nAma se vikhyAta hai|] asita-prAcIna vedAntAcAryoM meM eka, jo gItA ke anusAra vyAsajI ke samakakSa mAne gaye haiM : "asito devalo vyAsaH" (gItA 10,13) / asitamaga-aitareya brAhmaNa meM ise kazyapa parivAra kI upAdhi batAyA gayA hai| ye janamejaya ke eka yajJa meM sammilita nahIM kiye gaye the, kintu rAjA ne jisa purohita ko yajJa karane ke lie niyukta kiyA, usa bhUtavIra se asitamRga ne yajJa kI paricAlanA le lI thii| jaiminIya tathA SaDviMza brAhmaNoM meM asitamRgoM ko kazyapoM kA putra kahA gayA hai aura unameM se eka ko 'kUsurabindu auddAlaki' saMjJA dI gayI hai| asidhArAvrata-talavAroM kI dhAra para calane ke samAna ati satarkatA ke sAtha kI jAne vAlI saadhnaa| isameM vratakartA ko Azvina zukla pUrNimA se lekara pA~ca athavA dasa dinoM taka athavA kArtikI pUrNimA taka athavA cAra mAsa paryanta, athavA eka varSa paryanta, athavA bAraha varSa taka bichAvana rahita bhUmizayana karanA, gRha se bAhara snAna, kevala rAtri meM bhojana tathA patnI ke rahate hue bhI brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karanA caahie| krodhamukta hokara japa meM nimagna tathA hari ke dhyAna meM tallIna rahanA cAhie / bhinnabhinna prakAra kI vastuoM ko dAna-puNya meM diyA jAya / yaha krama dIrgha kAla taka cle| bAraha varSa paryanta isa vrata kA AcaraNa karane vAlA vizvavijayI athavA vizvapUjya ho sakatA hai / de0 viSNudharmottara purANa, 3.218, 1.25 / asidhArA zabda ke arthAnusAra isa vrata kA utanA kaThina tathA tIkSNa honA hai, jitanA talavAra kI kAlidAsa ne raghuvaMza (77.13) meM rAmavanavAsa ke samaya bharata dvArA samasta rAjakIya bhogoM kA parityAga kara dene ko isa ugra vrata kA AcaraNa karanA batalAyA hai : 'iyanti varSANi tathA sahogramabhyasyatIva vratamAsidhAram / '

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asipatravana-asuravidyA yuvA yuvatyA sAdhaM yanmugdhabhartRvadAcaret / antaviviktasaMgaH syAdasidhArAvataM smRtam // [ yavatI strI ke sAtha ekAnta meM kisI yuvaka kA mana se bhI asaMga rahakara bholA AcaraNa karanA asidhArAvrata kahA gayA hai / -mallinAtha ] asipatravana-asi (talavAra) ke samAna jisake tIkSNa patte haiM, aisA vana-eka naraka, jahA~ para tIkSNa pattoM ke dvArA pApiyoM ke zarIra kA vidAraNa kiyA jAtA hai (manu) / jo isa loka meM vinA vipatti ke hI apane mArga se vicalita ho jAtA hai tathA pAkhaNDI hai use yamadUta asipatravana meM praviSTa karake kor3oM se mArate haiN| vaha jIva idhara-udhara daur3atA haA donoM ora kI dhAroM se tAlavana ke khaGgasadRza pattoM se saba aMgoM meM chida jAne ke kAraNa "hA maiM mArA gayA" isa prakAra zabda karatA huA mUcchita hokara paga paga para giratA hai aura apane dharma se patita hokara pAkhaMDa karane kA phala bhogatA hai / de0 bhAgavata purANa / mArkaNDeya purANa meM bhI isakA varNana pAyA jAtA hai : asipatravanaM nAma narakaM zRNu cAparam / yojanAnAM sahasraM vai jvaladagnyAstRtAvani // taptasUryakaraizcaNDaiH kalpakAlAgni dAruNaH / pratapanti sadA tatra prANino narakaukasaH // tanmadhye ca vanaM zItaM snigdhapatraM vibhAvyate / patrANi yatra khaGgAni phalAni dvijasattama / [ he brAhmaNa ! dUsarA asipatra nAma kA naraka suno / vahA~ eka hajAra yojana taka vistRta pRthvI para Aga jalatI hai, Upara bhayaGkara sUrya kI kiraNoM se tathA nIce pralayakAlIna agni se prANI tapAyA jAtA hai, usake madhya bhAga meM cikane pattoM vAlA zItavana hai, jisake patte evaM phala khaGga ke samAna haiN| ] asunIti-asu = prANa yA jIvana kI nIti = mArgadarzaka ukti / Rgveda (10.59.56) meM asunIti ko manuSya kI mRtyu para AtmA kI pathapradarzaka mAnA gayA hai / asunIti kI stutiyoM se spaSTatayA prakaTa hotA hai ki ve yA to isa loka meM zArIrika svAsthya kAmanArtha athavA svarga meM zarIra evaM isake dUsare sukhoM kI prApti ke lie kI gayI haiN| asura-asu = prANa, ra = vAlA (prANavAn athavA zakti- maan)| bAda meM dhIre-dhIre yaha bhautika zakti kA pratIka ho gyaa| Rgveda meM 'asura' varuNa tathA dUsare devoM ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM vyavahRta huA hai, jisase unake rahasyamaya guNoM kA patA lagatA hai| kintu paravartI yuga meM asura kA prayoga devoM (suroM) ke zatru rUpa meM prasiddha ho gyaa| asura devoM ke bar3e bhrAtA hai evaM donoM prajApati ke putra haiN| asuroM ne lagAtAra devoM ke sAtha yuddha kiyA aura prAyaH vijayI hote rahe / unameM se kucha ne to sAre vizva para apanA sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA, jaba taka ki unakA saMhAra indra, viSNu, ziva Adi devoM ne nahIM kiyaa| devoM ke zatru hone ke kAraNa unheM duSTa daitya kahA gayA hai, kintu sAmAnya rUpa se ve duSTa nahIM the| unake guru bhaguptra zukra the jo devaguru bRhaspati ke tulya hI jJAnI aura rAjanayika the / ___ mahAbhArata evaM pracalita dUsarI kathAoM ke varNana meM asuroM ke guNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| sAdhAraNa vizvAsa meM ve mAnava se zreSTha guNoM vAle vidyAdharoM kI koTi meM Ate haiM / kathAsaritsAgara kI AThavIM taraGga meM eka premapUrNa kathA meM kisI asura kA varNana nAyaka ke sAtha huA hai / saMskRta ke dhArmika granthoM meM asura, daitya evaM dAnava meM koI antara nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai, kintu prArambhika avasthA meM 'daitya evaM dAnaba' asura jAti ke do vibhAga samajhe gaye the / daitya 'diti' ke putra evaM dAnava 'danu' ke putra the| - devatAoM ke pratidvandvI rUpa meM 'asura' kA artha hogAjo sura nahIM hai (virodha meM naJtatpuruSa); athavA jisake pAsa surA nahIM hai; jo prakAzita karatA hai (sUrya, uran pratyaya) / survirodhii| unake paryAya hai : (1) daitya, (2) daiteya, (3) danuja, (4) indrAri, (5) dAnava, (6) zukraziSya, (7) ditisuta, (8) pUrvadeva, (9) suradviT, (10) devaripu, (11) devAri / rAmAyaNa meM asura kI utpatti aura prakAra se batAyI gayI hai : surApratigrahAd devAH surA ityabhivizrutAH / apratigrahaNAttasyA daiteyAzcAsurAH smRtAH // [surA = mAdaka tattva kA upayoga karane ke kAraNa devatA loga sura kahalAye, kintu aisA na karane se daiteya loga asura kahalAye / ] asuravidyA-zAsAyana evaM AzvalAyana zrauta-sUtroM meM asuravidyA ko zatapatha brAhmaNa meM prayukta 'mAyA' ke artha meM liyA gayA hai| isakA pracalita artha 'jAdUgarI' hai| parantu

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asthikuNDa-ahaGkAra Azcaryajanaka sabhI bhautika vidyAoM kA samAveza isameM ho| cAra yugoM ke Adi ke cAra dinoM ('manvAdi' tathA sakatA hai / AsurI (zuddha bhautika) pravRtti se utpanna sabhI 'yugAdi' tithi) tathA mAgha ke donoM pakSoM kI dvitIyA ko jJAna-vijJAna asuravidyA haiN| isameM suravidyA athavA daivI do dina / caitra kRSNapakSa kI dvitIyA ko kevala eka dina / vidyA (AdhyAtmikatA) ko sthAna nahIM hai| kArtika ke donoM pakSoM kI dvitIyA ko do dina / agahana asthikuNDa-haDDiyoM se bharA eka naraka / brahmavaivartapurANa mahIne ke donoM pakSoM kI dvitIyA ko do dina / phAlguna (prakRtikhaNDa, adhyAya 27) meM kahA gayA hai : mahIne ke donoM pakSa kI dvitIyA ko do dina anadhyAya pitRRNAM yo viSNupade piNDaM naiva dadAti ca / hotA hai / sabhI utsava dinoM meM aura akSaya tRtIyA ko sa ca tiSThatyasthikuNDe svalomAbdaM mahezvari // bhI asvAdhyAya hotA hai / / [he pArvati, jo viSNapada (gayA) meM pitA-prapitAmahoM ko asvAmika-jisakA uttarAdhikArI koI na ho / svAmipiNDa nahIM detA hai vaha vyakti apane romoM ke barAbara varSoM rahita vastu / akartRka / yama ne kahA hai : taka asthikuNDa nAmaka naraka meM rahatA hai / ] aTavyaH parvatAH puNyA nadyastIrthAni yAni ca / asthidhanvA haDDiyoM se banA dhanuSa dhAraNa karane vAlA, sarvANyasvAmikAnyAhuna hi teSu parigrahaH // zaMkara / maharSi dadhIci kI haDDiyoM se tIna dhanuSa bane, [aTavI, parvata, puNya nadI, jo bhI tIrtha sthAna hai ina unameM se ziva ke lie nirmita dhanuSa kA nAma 'pinAka' thaa| sabako asvAmika kahA gayA hai| inakA dAna nahIM kiyA asthimAlI-haDDiyoM (muNDoM) kI mAlA pahanane vaalaa| jA sktaa| ] zaMkara / de0 zivazataka / 'puNya' isa vizeSaNa se aTavI naimiSAraNya Adi; parvata aspRhA-icchA yA lAlasA na honA, vitRSNA / ekAdazI- himAlaya Adi; nadI gaGgA Adi; tIrtha puruSottama Adi; tattva meM kathana hai : kSetra vArANasI Adi Ate haiN| svAmI ( mAlika ) ke yathotpannena santoSaH kartavyo'tyalpavastunA / abhAva meM inakA parigraha (kabjA) nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| parasyAcintayitvArthaM sAspRhA parikIrtitA / / asvAmivikraya-anadhikArI ke dvArA kiyA gayA vikraya / [ manuSya ko atyanta svalpa vastu se saMntoSa kara lenA asvAmikartRka vikraya / asvAmivikraya nAmaka vyavahAra-pada caahie| dUsare ke dhana kI kAmanA nahIM karanI caahie| use (abhiyoga, mukadamA) kA lakSaNa nArada ne kahA hai : (isa sthiti ko) aspRhA kahA gayA hai / ] nikSiptaM vA paradravyaM naSTaM labdhvApahRtya ca / asvAdhyAya-jisa kAla meM vedAdhyayana nahIM hotA / vidhi vikrIyate'samakSaM yatsa jJeyo'svAmivikrayaH / / pUrvaka veda-adhyayana na honA / adhyayana ke lie niSiddha [giravI rakhA huA dUsare kA dhana, girA huA prApta dhana, dina / yathA, grahaNoM kA din| dharmasUtroM aura smRtiyoM meM apaharaNa kiyA huA dhana; isa prakAra kA dhana yadi usake asvAdhyAya (anadhyAya) kI lambI sUciyA~ dI huI hai| tada svAmI ke samakSa nahIM becA jAtA to use 'asvAmivikraya' nusAra yadi sUrya grasta dazA meM asta ho jAya to tIna dina kahata hai| anadhyAya, anyathA eka dina / sandhyA ko megha garjana meM eka ahaMtA-'maiM hU~' aisI cetanA, maiM pane kA abhimAna / jJAna din| mAgha mahIne se lekara cAra mahInoM taka kevala megha kI prakriyA meM 'jAnane vAle' kI sthiti ke lie isakA garjana ke dina meN| bhUkampa hone para eka dina / ulkApAta meM prayoga hotA hai| ahaMkAra se jIvAtmA kI tanmayatA ko eka dina / mahA-ulkApAta hone para akAlika anadhyAya / hI 'ahaMtA' kahA gayA hai| eka veda samApti ke pazcAt eka dina / AraNyaka bhAga ahaM brahmAsmi-'maiM brahma haiM' yaha upaniSad kA mahAvAkya kI samApti ke pazcAt eka dina / pA~ca varSoM taka adhyayana hai, jo sarvaprathama bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( 1.4.10) meM ke bAda pA~ca dina / caitra zukla pratipadA, zrAvaNa zukla prati- AyA hai / yaha AtmA tathA brahma ke abheda kA dyotaka hai / padA tathA AgrahAyaNa zukla pratipadA ko eka dina / ye prati- ahaGkAra-citta kA eka ghaTaka yoga / darzana ke anusAra mana, padAeM nitya haiM / anya pratipadAoM meM icchAnusAra adhyayana buddhi aura ahaGkAra se citta banatA hai| ahaGkAra ke dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai| caudaha manvantara kI caudaha tithiyoM, ahaM kA jJAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha tIna prakAra kA kahA

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70 gayA hai - ( 1 ) sAttvika, (2) rAjasa aura ( 3 ) tAmasa / sAtvika ahaMkAra se indriyoM ke adhiSThAtA devatA aura mana kI utpatti huI / rAjasa ahaGkAra se dasa indriyA~ huIM / tAmasa ahaGkAra se sUkSma paJcabhUta utpanna hue| vedAnta ke mata meM yaha abhimAnAtmaka antaHkaraNa kI vRtti hai| ahaM yaha abhimAna zarIrAdi viSayaka mithyA jJAna kahA gayA hai / vyUha siddhAnta meM viSNu ke cAra rUpoM meM aniruddha ko ahaGkAra kahA gayA hai| sAMkhya darzana meM do mUla tatva haiM jo bilkula eka dUsare se svatantra haiM - 1. puruSa ( AtmA ) aura 2. prakRti (mUla prakRti athavA pradhAna ) / prakRti tIna guNoM se yukta hai - tamas, rajas evaM sattva / ye tInoM guNa pralaya meM saMtulita rUpa meM rahate haiM, kintu jaba inakA santu lana bhaMga hotA hai ( puruSa kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ) to prakRti se 'mahAn ' athavA buddhi kI utpatti hotI hai, jo socane vAlA tatva hai aura jisameM 'satva' kI mAtrA vizeSa hotI hai| buddhi se 'ahaGkAra' kA janma hotA hai, jo 'vyaktigata vicAra' ko janma detA hai / ahaGkAra se manas evaM pA~ca jJAnendriyA~ utpanna hotI haiM / phira pA~ca karmendriyoM tathA pA~ca tanmAtrAoM kI utpatti hotI hai| aha (an) - dina divasa isake vibhAgoM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiM- udAharaNa ke rUpa meM dvipA, triSA, caturSA paJcadhA, aSTadhA athavA paJcadazadhA / do to mukhya haiM : pUrvAhna tathA aparAhna (manusmRti 3.278) tIna vibhAga bhI pracalita hai| cAra bhAgoM meM bhI vibhAjana gobhila gRhyasUtra meM varNita hai -1. pUrvAhna (13 pahara), 2. madhyAhna ( eka pahara ), 3. aparAhna (tIsare pahara ke anta taka aura isake pazcAt ), 4. sAyAhna ( dina ke anta taka ) | divasa kA paJcadhA vibhAjana dekhie Rgveda ( 76.3 yutAyAtaM saGgave prAtarAhnI) pAMca meM se tIna nAmoM yathA prAtaH, sajana tathA madhyandina kA spaSTa ullekha milatA hai / divasa kA ATha bhAgoM meM vibhAjana kauTilya (1.19), vakSasmRti ( adhyAya 2) tathA kAtyAyana ne kiyA hai| kAlidAsa kRta vikramorvazIya (2.1) ke prayoga se pratIta hotA hai ki unheM yaha vibhAjana jJAta thA / divasa tathA rAtri ke 15,15 muhUrta hote haiN| dekhie vRhadyogayAtrA, 4.2-4 (pandraha muhatoM ke lie) / 1 bhUmadhya rekhA ko chor3akara bhinna-bhinna RtuoM meM bhinna ahaH (ana) - ahiMsA bhinna sthAnoM meM jaise-jaise rAtri-divasa ghaTate-bar3hate haiM, vaise-se unhIM sthAnoM para muhUrta kA kAla bhI paTatA bar3hatA hai| isa prakAra yadi dina kA vibhAjana do bhAgoM meM kiyA gayA ho taba pUrvAhna athavA prAtaHkAla 73 muhUrta kA hogaa| yadi pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjana kiyA gayA ho to prAtaH yA pUrvAhna tIna muhUrta kA hI hogA / mAdhava ke kAlanirNaya ( pR0 112 ) meM isa bAta ko batalAyA gayA hai ki dina ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karanA kaI vaidika RcAoM tathA smRtigranthoM meM vihita hai, ataH yahI vibhAjana mukhya hai / yaha vibhAjana zAstrIya vidhivAcaka tathA niSedhArthaka kRtyoM ke lie ullikhita hai| de0 hemAdri, caturvargacintAmaNi, kAla bhAga, 325 - 329 varSakRtyakaumudI, pR0 18-19; kAlatattvavivecana, pR0 6, 367 / ahalyA- gautama muni kI bhAryA, jo mahAsAdhvI thI / prAtaHkAla usakA smaraNa karane se mahApAtaka dUra honA kahA gayA hai ahalyA draupadI kuntI tArA mandodarI tathA / paJcakanyAH smarennityaM mahApAtakanAzanam // [ ahatyA, draupadI, kuntI, tArA, mandodarI ina pA~ca kanyAoM ( mahilAoM ) kA prAtaHkAla smaraNa karane se mahApAtaka kA nAza hotA hai| ] kRtayuga meM indra ne gautama muni kA rUpa dhAraNa kara ahalyA ke satItva ko naSTa kara diyaa| isake bAda gautama ke zApa se vaha patnI zilA ho gyii| tretAyuga meM zrI rAmacandra ke caraNa sparza se zApavimukta hokara punaH pahale ke samAna usane mAnuSI rUpa dhAraNa kiyA / de0 vAlmIkirAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa ahalyA maitra yI vyAvahArika rUpa meM yaha eka rahasyAtmaka saMjJA hai, jisakA uddharaNa aneka brAhmaNoM ( zatapatha brAhmaNa, 3.3,4,18, jaiminIya brA0, 2.79, SaDviMza brA0, 1.1 ) meM pAyA jAtA hai / yaha uddharaNa indra kI guNAvali meM se, jisameM indra ko ahalyApremI ( ahalyAyai jAra) kahA gayA hai, liyA gayA hai| ahiMsA -- sabhI sajIva prANiyoM ko manasA, vAcA, karmaNA duHkha na pahuMcAne kA bhAratIya siddhAnta isakA sarvaprathama pratipAdana chAndogya upaniSad (2.17) meM huA hai evaM ahiMsA ko yajJa ke eka bhAga ke samakakSa kahA gayA hai / vaidika sAhitya meM yatra-tatra dayA aura dAna deva aura mAnava

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ahiMsAvrata ahirbudhnyasnAna donoM ke vizeSa guNa batalAye gaye haiM / jaina dharma ne ahiMsA ko apanA pramukha siddhAnta banAyA / paJca mahAvrata ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya tathA aparigraha meM isako prathama sthAna diyA gayA hai| yogadarzana ke paJca yamoM meM bhI ahiMsA ko pramukha sthAna diyA gayA hai : 'tatrAhiMsAsatyAsteyabrahmacaryAparigrahA yamAH / yaha siddhAnta sabhI bhAratIya sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnya thA, kintu rUpa isake bhinna-bhinna the / jaina dharma aikAntika ahiMsA ko svIkAra kiyA, jisase usameM kRcchrAcAra bddh'aa| prArambhika bauddhoM ne bhI ise svIkAra kiyA, kintu eka sImArekhA khIMcate hue, jise hama sAdhAraNa kI saMjJA de sakate haiM, arthAt tarkasaMgata evaM mAnavatA saMgata ahiMsA / azoka ne apane prathama va dvitIya zilAlekha meM ahiMsA siddhAnta ko utkIrNa karAyA tathA isakA pracAra kiyA / usane mAMsabhakSaNa kA kramazaH parityAga kiyA aura vizeSa pazuoM kA tathA vizeSa avasaroM para sabhI pazuoM kA vadha niSiddha kara diyA / kassapa ne ( Amagandhata) meM kahA hai ki mAMsa bhakSaNa se nahIM, apitu bure kAryoM se manuSya burA banatA hai / bauddhadharma ke eka lambe zAsana ke anta taka yajJoM meM pazuvadha banda ho cukA thaa| eka bAra phira use sajIva karane kI ceSTA 'pazuyAga' karane vAloM ne kI, kintu ve asaphala rahe / vaiSNava dharma pUrNatayA ahiMsAvAdI thaa| usake AcAra, AhAra aura vyavahAra meM hiMsA kA pUrNa tyAga nihita thaa| isake vidhAyaka aMga the kSamA, dayA, karuNA, maitrI Adi / dharmAcaraNa kI zuddhatAvaza mAMsabhakSaNa kA bhArata ke sava varNoM ne prAyaH syAga kiyA hai| vizva ke kisI bhI deza meM itane lambe kAla taka ahiMsA siddhAnta kA pAlana nahIM huA hai, jaisA ki bhAratabhU para dekhA gayA hai| ahasAvrata - isa vrata meM eka varSa ke lie mAMsabhakSaNa niSiddha hai, taduparAnta eka gau tathA suvarNa mRga ke dAna kA vidhAna hai / yaha saMvatsara vrata hai / de0 kRtyakalpataru, vrata khaNDa 444: hemAdri, vrata khaNDa 2.865 / ahiMsra - avadhya, jo mArane ke yogya nahIM hai / vaidika sAhitya meM gau (gAya) ke lie isa zabda kA tathA 'acyA' zabda kA bahuta prayoga huA hai| ahicchatra ( rAmanagara ) - ( 1 ) arjuna dvArA jItA gayA eka deza, jo unhoMne droNAcArya ko bheMTa kara diyA thaa| eka nagara ukta deza kI banI zakkara; chatrAka paudhA eka prakAra 71 kA motI / (2) uttara relave ke AMvalA sTezana se cha: mIla rAmanagara taka paidala yA bailagAr3I se jAnA par3atA hai, yahA~ pArzvanAthajI padhAre the / jaba ve dhyAnastha the taba dharaNendra tathA padmAvatI nAmaka nAgoM ne unake mastaka para apane phaNoM se chatra lagAyA thA yahA~ kI khudAI meM prAcIna jaina mUrtiyA~ nikalI haiM / yahA~ jaina mandira hai tathA kArtika meM melA lagatA hai| - 1 ahicchatrA - eka prAcIna nagarI, isake avazeSa uttara pradeza ke barelI jile meM pAye jAte haiM / jyotiSatattva meM kathana hai : "kezava, Anartapura, pATaliputra, ahicchatrA purI, diti, aditi inakA kSaura ke samaya smaraNa karane se kalyANa hotA hai / " isase isa purI kA dhArmika mahattva prakaTa hai / de0 ahicchatra / ahirbudhnya -- nikaTavartI AkAza kA yaha eka sarpa kahA gayA hai / Rgvedokta devatA prakRti ke vividha upAdAnoM ke pratirUpa evaM unake kAryoM ke saMcAlaka mAne gaye haiN| AkAzIya vidyut evaM jhaMjhAvAta ke niyaMtraNa ke lie evaM unake pratIkasvarUpa jina devoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai unameM indra, trita Aptya, apAMnapAt mAtarizvA ahirbudhnya, aja-eka-pAda, rudra evaM marutoM kA nAma AtA hai / vidyut ke vividha nAmoM evaM jhaMjhA ke vividha dezoM kA ina nAmoM ke mAdhyama se bar3A hI sundara citraNa huA hai| vidyut jo AkAzIya gauoM kI mukti ke lie yoddhA kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai use 'indra' kahate haiM / yahI tRtIya yA vAyavIya agni hai, ataeva ise 'trita Aptya' kahate haiM / AkAzIya jala se yaha utpanna hotI hai, ataeva ise 'apAMnapAt' kahate haiM / yaha meghamAtA se utpanna ho pRthvI para agni lAtI hai, ataeva mAtarizvA evaM pRthvI kI ora tejI se calane ke samaya isakA rUpa sarpAkAra hotA hai isalie ise ahirbudhanya kahate haiM / ahirbudhnyasnAna - hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, pRSTha 654-655 ( viSNudharmottara purANa se uddhRta ) ke anusAra jisa dina uttarA bhAdrapadA nakSatra ho, usa dina do kalazoM ke jala se snAna kiyA jAya, jisameM udumbara ( gUlara ) vRkSa kI pattiyA~, paJcagavya (godugdha, godadhi, goghRta, gomUtra tathA gomaya ), kuza tathA ghisA huA candana bhI milA ho / ahirbudhnya ke pUjana ke sAtha sUrya, varuNa, candra, rudra tathA

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72 viSNu kA pUjana bhI vihita hai ahirbudhnya uttarA bhAdrapadA nakSatra kA devatA hai / isase godhana kI vRddhi tathA samRddhi hotI hai| 'ahirbudhnya' hI isakA zuddha tathA purAtana rUpa hai| Rgveda kI dasa RcAoM meM 'ahirbudhnya' zabda ( kadAcit agni yA rudra ) kisI devatA ke lie prayukta huA hai / de0 Rgveda 1.186, 2.31,6, 5.41,16, 6.49, 14, 6.50.14; 7.34.17; 7.35.13; 7. 38.5 ityAdi tathA nirNayasindhu 10.44 / 1 ahi vRtra-putrarUpI sarpa vRtra indra kA sabase bar3A zatru hai tathA yaha una bAdaloM kA pratinidhi yA pratIka hai jo garajate bahuta kintu barasate kama haiM yA ekadama nahIM barasate / vRtra ko 'navantam ahim' kahA gayA hai (R0 30 5.17.10) / usakI mAtA 'danu' hai jo varSA ke una bAdaloM kA nAma hai jo kucha hI bU~deM barasAte haiM / Rgveda ( 10.120.6 ) ke anusAra danugo ke sAta putra hai jo anAvRSTi ke dAnava kahalAte haiM aura AkAza ke vividha bhAgoM meM chAye rahate hai| vRva AkAzIya jala ko naSTa karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| isa prakAra vRtra jhUThe bAdala kA rUpa hai jo pAno nahIM barasAtA indra vidyut kA rUpa hai jisakI upasthiti ke pazcAt prabhUta jalavRSTi hotI hai / vRtra ko ahi bhI kahate haiM, jaisA ki bAibila meM zaitAna ko kahA gayA hai / yahA~ hama 'ahi-vRtra' evaM 'ahi- budhanya' kI tulanA kara sakate haiM / donoM kA nivAsa AkAzIya sindhu meM hai aisA jAna par3atA hai ki donoM eka hI samAna hai, kevala antara yaha hai ki gaharAI kA sA~pa ( ahirbudhnya ) indra kA dyotaka hai isalie deva hai, kintu avarodhaka sA~pa ( ahi- vRtra ) dAnava hai | ahi-vRtra ke paira, hAtha, nAka nahIM haiM ( R0 ve0 1. 32. 6-7 3.10.8), kintu bAdala, vidyut evaM mAyA jaise AyudhoM se yukta vaha bhayaMkara pratidvandvI hai / indra kI sabase bar3I vIratA isake vadha evaM isa para vijaya prApta karane meM mAnI gayI hai / indra apane vajra se vRtra dvArA upasthita kI gayI bAdhA kI dIvAra cIrakara AkAzIya jala kI dhArA ko unmukta kara detA hai / ahIna - ahaH = eka yA aneka dina taka hone vAlA yajJa / ahInA - Asvasthya - eka RSi, jinhoMne sAvitra ( taittirIya brAhmaNa 3.10, 9.10 ) vrata yA kriyA dvArA amaratA prApta kI thii| nAma kA pUrvArdha ahonA ( a + honA ) " ahivRtra - Agama uparyukta upalabdhi kA dyotaka hai evaM uttarArdha kI tulanA azvattha se kI jA sakatI hai| a A - svara varNoM kA dvitIya akSara kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mahattva nimnAMkita batalAyA gayA hai AkAraM paramAzcarya jyotirmayaM priye / brahma (viSNu) mayaM varNa tathA samayaM priye // paJcaprANamayaM varNa svayaM paramakuNDalI // [ he priye ! A akSara parama Azcaryamaya hai / yaha zaGkha ke samAna jyotirmaya tathA brahmA, viSNu aura rudramaya hai / yaha pA~ca prANoM se saMyukta tathA svayaM parama kuNDalinI zakti hai / ] varNAbhidhAna tantra meM isake aneka nAma batalAye gaye haiM AkAro vijayAnanto dIrghacchAyo vinAyakaH / kSIrodadhiH payodazca pAyo dIrghAsthavRttako // pracaNDa ekajo rudro nArAyaNa inezvaraH / pratiSThA mAnadA kAnto vizvAntakagajAntakaH // pitAmaho diganto bhUH kriyA kAntizca sambhavaH / dvitIyA mAnadA kAzI vighnarAjaH kujo viyat // AkAza-vaizeSika darzana meM nau dravya - pRthvI, jala, teja, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA aura mana mAne gaye haiM / inameM pAMcavAM dravya AkAza hai, yaha vibhu arthAt sarvavyApI dravya hai aura saba kAloM meM sthita rahatA hai| isakA guNa zabda hai tathA yaha usakA samavAyI kAraNa hai / AkAzadIpa - kArtika mAsa meM ghI athavA tela se bharA huA dIpaka devatA ko uddezya karate hue kisI mandira athavA cauraste para khambhe ke sahAre AkAza meM jalAyA jAtA hai / de0 aparArka, 370,372 bhoja kA rAjamArtaNDa, pRSTha 330 nirNayasindhu, 195 / / AkAzamukhI eka prakAra ke zaiva sAdhu, jo garadana ko pIche jhukAkara AkAza meM dRSTi taba taka kendrita rakhate haiM, jaba taka mAMsapeziyAM sUkha na jaayeN| AkAza kI ora mukha karane kI sAdhanA ke kAraNa ye sAdhu 'AkAdazamukhI' kahalAte haiM / Agama - paramparAnusAra zivapraNIta tantrazAstra tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai -Agama, yAmala aura mukhya tantra / vArAhItantra ke anusAra jisameM sRSTi, pralaya, devatAoM kI pUjA, saba kAryoM ke sAdhana, purazcaraNa, SaTkarmasAdhana aura cAra prakAra ke dhyAnayoga kA varNana ho use Agama kahate haiN| mahAnirvANatantra meM mahAdeva ne kahA hai : -

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Agama kalikalmaSadInAnAM dvijAtInAM surezvari / medhyAmadhyavicArANAM na zuddhiH zrautakarmaNA // na saMhitAbhiH smRtibhiriSTasiddhirnRNAM bhavet / satyaM satyaM punaH satyaM satyaM satyaM yathocyate / / vinA hyAgamamArgeNa kalau nAsti gatiH priye / zrutismRtipurANAdau mayaivoktaM purA zive / / AgamoktavidhAnena kalau devAn yajet sudhIH // [ kali ke doSa se dIna brAhmaNa-kSatriya-vaizya ko pavitra- apavitra kA vicAra na rhegaa| isalie vedavihita karma dvArA ve kisa taraha siddhi lAbha kareMge ? aisI avasthA meM smRti-saMhitAdi ke dvArA bhI mAnavoM kI iSTasiddhi nahIM hogI / maiM satya kahatA hU~, kaliyuga meM Agama mArga ke atirikta koI gati nahIM hai| maiMne veda-smRti-purANAdi meM kahA hai ki kaliyuga meM sAdhaka tantrokta vidhAna dvArA hI devoM kI pUjA kareMge / ] AgamoM kI racanA kaba huI, yaha nirNaya karanA kaThina hai / anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki vedoM kI durUhatA aura maMtroM ke kIlita hone se mahAbhArata kAla se lekara kali ke Arambha taka aneka AgamoM kA nirmANa huA hogaa| Agama ati prAcIna evaM ati navIna donoM prakAra ke ho sakate haiN| AgamoM se hI zaiva, vaiSNava, zAkta Adi sampradAyoM ke AcAra, vicAra, zIla, vizeSatA aura vistAra kA patA lagatA hai / purANoM meM ina sampradAyoM kA sUtra rUpa se kahIMkahIM varNana huA hai, parantu AgamoM meM inakA vistAra se varNana hai / Ajakala jitane sampradAya haiM prAyaH sabhI Agama granthoM para avalambita haiN| madhyakAlIna zaivoM ko do moTe vibhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai-pAzupata evaM Agamika / Agamika zavoM kI cAra zAkhAe~ haiM, jo bahuta kucha milatI-julatI aura AgamoM ko svIkAra karatI haiN| ve haiM-(1) zaiva siddhAnta kI saMskRta zAkhA, (2) tamila zaiva, (3) kazmIra zaiva aura (4) vIra zaiva / tamila evaM vIra zaiva apane ko mAhezvara kahate haiM, pAzupata nahIM, yadyapi unakA siddhAnta mahAbhArata meM varNita pAzupata siddhAntAnukUla hai / __AgamoM kI racanA zaivamata ke itihAsa kI bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa sAhityika ghaTanA hai / Agama aTThAIsa haiM jo do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| inakA krama nimnAMkita hai : (1) zaivika-kAmika, yogaja, cintya, karaNa, ajita, dIpta, sUkSma, sahasra, aMzumAn aura saprabha (suprbhed)| (2) raudrika-vijaya, nizvAsa, svAyambhuva, Agneyaka, bhadra, raurava, makuTa, vimala, candrahAsa (candrajJAna), mukhya, yugabindu (mukhabimba), udgItA (prodgItA), lalita, siddha, santAna, nArasiMha (savokta yA savottara), paramezvara, kiraNa aura para (vaatul)| pratyeka Agama ke aneka upAgama haiM, jinakI saMkhyA 198 taka pahu~catI hai| prAcInatama AgamoM kI tithi kA ThIka patA nahIM calatA, kintu madhyakAlIna kucha AgamoM kI tithiyoM kA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jA rahA hai| tamila kavi tiramUlara (800 I0), sundarI (lagabhaga 800 I0) tathA mANikka vAcakara (900 I0 ke lagabhaga) ne AgamoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai / zrI jagadIzacandra caTarjI kA kathana hai ki zivasUtrA kI racanA kazmIra meM vasugupta dvArA 850 I0 ke lagabhaga huI, jinakA uddezya advaita darzana ke sthAna para AgamoM kI dvaitazikSA kI sthApanA karanA thaa| isa kathana kI puSTi mataGga (paramezvara-Agama kA eka upAgama) evaM svAyambhuva dvArA hotI hai| navIM zatAbdI ke anta ke kazmIrI lekhaka somAnanda evaM kSemarAja ke aneka uddharaNoM se uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| kiraNa Agama kI prAcInatama pANDulipi 924 I0 kI hai| __AgamoM ke pracalana se zaivoM meM zAkta vicAroM kA udbhava huA hai evaM unhIM ke prabhAva se unakI mandiranirmANa, mUrtinirmANa tathA dhArmika kriyA sambandhI niyamAvalI bhI taiyAra huI / mRgendra Agama (jo kAmika Agama kA prathama adhyAya hai) ke prathama zloka meM hI sabakA nicor3a rakha diyA gayA hai : "ziva anAdi haiM, avaguNoM se mukta hai, sarvajJa hai; ve ananta AtmAoM ke bandhanajAla kATane vAle haiM / ve kramazaH evaM ekAeka donoM prakAra se sRSTi kara sakate haiN| unake pAsa isa kArya ke lie eka amogha sAdhana hai 'zakti', jo cetana hai evaM svayaM ziva kA zarIra hai; unakA zarIra sampUrNa 'zakti' hai|"......''ityaadi / ___sanAtanI hinduoM ke tantra jisa prakAra zivokta haiM usI prakAra bauddhoM ke tantra yA Agama buddha dvArA varNita haiM / bauddhoM ke tantra bhI saMskRta bhASA meM race gaye haiN| kyA sanAtanI aura kyA bauddha donoM hI sampradAyoM meM tantra atiguhya tattva

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74 samajhA jAtA hai| mAnA jAtA hai ki yathArthataH dIkSita evaM abhiSikta ke atirikta anya kisI ke sAmane yaha zAstra prakaTa nahIM karanA caahie| kulArNavatantra meM likhA hai ki dhana denA, strI denA, apane prANa taka denA para yaha guhya zAstra anya kisI adIkSita ke sAmane prakaTa nahIM karanA caahie| zaiva AgamoM ke samAna vaiSNava Agama bhI aneka haiM, jinako 'saMhitA' bhI kahate haiM / inameM nAradapaMcarAtra adhika prasiddha hai| AgamaprakAza -- gujarAtI bhASA meM viracita 'AgamaprakAza' tAntrika grantha hai / isameM likhA hai ki hinduoM ke rAjya kAla meM vaGga ke tAntrikoM ne gujarAta ke DabhoI, pAvAgar3ha, ahamadAbAda, pATana Adi sthAnoM meM Akara kAlikA mUrti kI sthApanA kI / bahuta se hindU rAjAoM ne unase dIkSA grahaNa kI thI, ( A0 pra0 12 ) / Adhunika yuga meM pracalita mantraguru kI prathA vAstava meM tAntrikoM ke prAdhAnya kAla se hI Arambha huI / AgamaprAmANya - zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke yAmunAcArya dvArA viracita yaha grantha vaiSNava Agama athavA saMhitAoM ke adhikAroM para prakAza DAlatA hai| yaha grantha saMskRta bhASA meM hai / isakA racanAkAla gyArahavIM zatAbdI hai / Agastya -- aitareya (3.1.1 ) evaM zAGkhAyana AraNyaka (7.2) meM ullikhita yaha eka AcArya kA nAma hai| Agneyaka - zaiva-AgamoM meM eka raudrika Agama hai / Agneya vrata -- isa vrata meM kevala eka bAra kisI bhI navamI ke dina puSpoM se bhagavatI vindhyavAsinI kA pUjana (pA~ca upacAroM ke sAtha) hotA hai / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 958-59 ( bhaviSyottara purANa se uddhRta ) | AGgirasa - yaha aGgiras-parivAra kI upAdhi hai, jise bahuta se AcAryoM ne grahaNa kiyA thA / isa upAdhi ke dhAraNa karane vAle kucha AcAryoM ke nAma haiM kRSNa, AjIgati, cyavana, ayAsya, sudhanvA ityAdi / AGgirasa kalpasUtra - atharvaveda kA eka vedAMga | isameM abhicArakarmakAla meM karttA aura kArayitA sadasyoM kI AtmarakSA karane kI vidhi batAyI gayI hai| usake pazcAt abhicAra upayukta dezakAla, maMDapa racanA, sAdhaka ke dIkSAdi dharma, samidhA aura AjyAdi ke saMrakSaNa kA nirUpaNa hai / phira AgamaprakAza AcAra abhicAra-karmasamUha tathA prAkRtAbhicAra nivAraNa aura anyAnya karmoM kA ullekha hai / AGgirasasmRti paM0 jIvAnanda dvArA prakAzita smRtisaMgraha ( bhAga 1, pR0 557-560 ) meM 72 zlokoM kI yaha eka saMkSipta smRti saMgRhIta hai| isameM cAra varNoM aura cAra AzramoM ke karttavyoM, prAyazcittavidhi Adi kA nirUpaNa hai| antyajoM ke hAva se bhojana aura peya grahaNa karane, gau ko mArane aura AghAta pahu~cAne Adi ke vistRta prAyazcittoM kA vidhAna aura nIlavastra dhAraNa ke niyama bhI isameM pAye jAte haiM / strIdhana kA apaharaNa isake mata se niSiddha hai -- yAjJavalkyasmRti meM jina dharmazAstrakAroM ke nAma diye gaye haiM, unameM aGgirA bhI haiN| usake TIkAkAra vizvarUpa ne kaI sthaloM para aGgirA kA mata uddhRta kiyA hai / yathA, aGgirA ke anusAra pariSad ke sadasyoM kI saMkhyA 121 honI cAhie ( yA0 smR0 1.9 ) / isI prakAra aGgirA ke mata meM zAstra ke viruddha 'AtmatuSTi' kA pramANa amAnya hai / ( yA0 smR0 1.50 ) / yAjJavalkyasmRti ke dUsare TIkAkAra aparArka ne aGgirA ke aneka vacanoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai| manu ke TIkAkAra medhAtithi ne satIprathA para aGgirA kA avataraNa dekara usakA virodha kiyA hai| (ma0 smR0 5.151 ) / mitAkSarA Adi anya TIkAoM aura nibandha granthoM meM aGgirA ke avataraNa pAye jAte haiM / lagatA hai ki kabhI dharmazAstra kA AGgirasa sampradAya bahupracalita thA jo dhIre dhIre lupta hotA gayA / AcAra-ziSTa vyaktiyoM dvArA anumodita evaM bahumAnya rIti-rivAjoM ko 'AcAra' kahate haiM / smRti yA vidhi sambandhI saMskRta granthoM meM AcAra kA mahattva bhalI bhA~ti darzAyA gayA hai| manusmRti (1.109) meM kahA gayA hai ki AcAra, Atma anubhUtijanya eka prakAra kI vidhi hai evaM dvijoM ko isakA pAlana avazya karanA caahie| dharma ke srotoM meM zruti aura smRti ke pazcAt AcAra kA tIsarA sthAna hai / kucha vidvAn to usako prathama sthAna dete haiM; kyoMki unake vicAra meM dharma AcAra se hI utpanna hotA hai -- 'AcAraprabhavo dharmaH' / isa prakAra ke lokasaMgrAhaka dharma ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai - 'AcAra', 'vyavahAra' aura 'prAyazcitta' / (yAjJavalkyasmRti kA prakaraNa - vibhAjana

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AcAryakArikA-AjJA 75 inhI tIna rUpoM meM hai)| yAjJavalkya ne AcAra ke antargata svAmI kI jIvanI, jise kAzI ke paM0 rAmamitha zAstrI nimnalikhita viSaya sammilita kiyA hai : (1) saMskAra ne likhA hai| (2) vedapAThI brahmacAriyoM ke cAritrika niyama (3) vivAha Ajakezika-'jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa' ( 1.9.3 ) ke evaM patnI ke karttavya (4) cAra varNa evaM varNasaMkara (5) anusAra eka parivAra kA nAma, jisake eka sadasya baka ne brAhmaNa gRhapati ke karttavya (6) vidyArthI-jIvana samApti ke indra para AkramaNa kiyA thaa| bAda kucha pAlanIya niyama (7) vidhisaMmata bhojana evaM AcAra(sapta)-kucha tantra granthoM meM veda, vaiSNava, zaiva, dakSiNa, niSiddha bhojana ke niyama (8) vastuoM kI dhArmika pavitratA vAma, siddhAnta aura kUla ye sAta prakAra ke AcAra batalAye (9) zrAddha (10) gaNapati kI pUjA (11) grahoM kI zAnti gaye haiM / ye sAtoM AcAra tInoM yAnoM ( devayAna, pitRyAna ke niyama evaM (12) rAjA ke karttavya Adi / evaM mahAyAna ) ke antargata mAne jAte haiN| mahArASTra ke __smRtiyoM meM AcAra ke tIna vibhAga kiye gaye haiM : (1) / vaidikoM meM vedAcAra, rAmAnuja aura itara vaiSNavoM meM vaiSNadezAcAra (2) jAtyAcAra aura (3) kulAcAra / de0 vAcAra, zaGkarasvAmI ke anuyAyI dAkSiNAtya zaivoM meM dakSi'sadAcAra' / deza vizeSa meM jo AcAra pracalita hote haiM NAcAra, vIra zaivoM meM zaivAcAra aura vIrAcAra tathA kerala, unako dezAcAra kahate haiM, jaise dakSiNa meM mAtulakanyA me gauDa, nepAla aura kAmarUpa ke zAkoM meM kramazaH vIrAcAra, vivAha / isI prakAra jAtivizeSa meM jo AcAra pracalita vAmAcAra, siddhAntAcAra evaM kaulAcAra, cAra prakAra hote haiM unheM jAtyAcAra kahA jAtA hai, jaise kucha jAtiyoM ke AcAra dekhe jAte hai / pahale tIna AcAroM ke pratipAdaka meM sagotra vivAha / kula vizeSa meM pracalita AcAra ko thor3e hI tantra haiM, para pichale cAra AcAroM ke pratipAdaka kulAcAra kahA jAtA hai| dharmazAstra meM isa bAta kA rAjA tantroM kI to ginatI nahIM hai| pahale tInoM ke tantroM meM ko Adeza diyA gayA hai ki vaha AcAroM ko mAnyatA pichale cAroM AcAroM kI nindA kI gayI hai| pradAna kare / aisA na karane se prajA kSubdha hotI hai| Aji-atharvaveda (11 7.7 ), aitareya brAhmaNa evaM zrauta sUtroM meM varNita vAjapeya yajJa ke antargata tIna makhya kriyAeM solahavIM zatAbdI kA hai| hotI thIM-1. Aji ( daur3a ), 2. roha ( car3hanA) aura AcAryapada-hindU saMskRti meM maukhika vyAkhyAna dvArA bar3e 3. saMkhyA / antima dina dopahara ko eka dhAvanaratha yajJajanasamUha ke sAmane pracAra karane kI prathA na thii| yahA~ maNDapa meM ghumAyA jAtA thA, jisameM cAra azva jute hote ke jitane AcArya hue haiM sabane svayaM ke vyaktigata kartavya the, jinheM vizeSa bhojana diyA jAtA thaa| maNDapa ke pAlana dvArA logoM para prabhAva DAlate hue Adarza AcaraNa bAhara anya solaha ratha sajAye jAte, satraha nagAr3e bajAye athavA caritra ke Upara bahuta jora diyA hai| samAja kA jAte tathA eka gUlara kI zAkhA nirdiSTa sImA kA bodha prakRta sudhAra caritra ke sudhAra se hI saMbhava hai / vicAroM ke karAtI thii| rathoM kI daur3a hotI thI, jisameM yajJakartA kore pracAra se AcAra saMgaThita nahIM ho sktaa| isI vijayI hotA thaa| sabhI rathoM ke ghor3oM ko bhojana diyA kAraNa AcAra kA Adarza sthApita karane vAle zikSaka jAtA thA evaM ratha ghor3oM sahita purohitoM ko dAna kara diye AcArya kahalAte the| upadezaka unakA nAma nahIM thaa| jAte the| inakI paribhASA nimnAGkita hai : Ajyakambala vidhi-bhuvanezvara kI caudaha yAtrAoM meM se Acinoti hi zAstrArthAn Acarate sthApayatyapi / eka / jisa samaya sUrya makara rAzi meM praviSTa ho rahA ho svayaM Acarate yastu AcAryaH sa ucyate // usa samaya yaha vidhi kI jAtI hai| de0 gadAdharapaddhati, [jo zAstra ke arthoM kA cayana karatA hai aura kAlasArabhAga, 191 / / ( unakA ) AcAra ke rUpa meM kAryAnvaya karatA hai tathA AjJA-yogasAdhanA ke antargata kuNDalinI utthApana kA svayaM bhI unakA AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha AcArya kahA chaThA sthAna yA cakra, jisakI sthiti bhra madhya meM mAnI gayI jAtA hai|] hai / dakSiNAcArI vidvAn lakSmIdhara ne 'saundaryalaharI' ke AcAryaparicaryA-zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke AcArya rAmAnuja 31 veM zloka ko TIkA meM 64 tantroM kI carcA karate hue

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76 AjJAsaMkrAnti-AtmA 8 mizrita evaM 5 samaya yA zubha tantroM kI bhI gaNanA kI hai / mizrita tantroM ke anusAra devI kI arcanA karane para sAdhaka ke donoM uddezya ( bhoga evaM mokSa, pArthiva sukha evaM mukti ) pUre hote haiM, jaba ki samaya yA zubha tantrAnusArI arcanA se dhyAna evaM yoga kI una kriyAoM tathA abhyAsoM kI pUrNatA hotI hai, jinake dvArA sAdhaka 'mUlAdhAra' cakra se Upara uThatA huA cAra dUsare cakroM ke mAdhyama se 'AjJA' evaM AjJA se 'sahasrAra' kI avasthA ko prApta hotA hai / isa abhyAsa ko 'zrIvidyA' kI upAsanA kahate haiM / durbhAgyavaza ukta pA~coM zubha tantroM kA amI taka patA nahIM calA hai aura isI kAraNa yaha sAdhanA rahasyAvata banI AjJAsaMkrAnti-saMkrAnti vrata / yaha kisI bhI pavitra saMkrAnti ke dina Arambha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isakA devatA sUrya hai| vrata ke anta meM aruNa sArathi tathA sAta azvoM sahita sUrya kI suvarNa kI mUrti kA dAna vihita hai / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 2.738 ( skanda purANa se uddhRta ) / ADambara-(1) dhauMsA yA nagAr3A bajAne kA eka prkaar| eka ADambarAghAta kA ullekha vAjasaneyI saMhitA (30. 19) ke puruSamedhayajJa kI bali ke prasaMga meM huA hai| (2) sArarahita dharma ke bAhyAcAra (dikhAvaTa) ko bhI ADambara kahate haiN| ANava-jIvAtmA kA eka prakAra kA bandhana, jisake dvArA vaha saMsAra meM phaMsatA hai / yaha ajJAnamUlaka hai| Agamika zaiva darzana meM ziva ko pazupati tathA jIvAtmA ko 'pazu' kahA gayA hai| usakA zarIra acetana hai, vaha svayaM cetana hai / pazu svabhAvataH ananta, sarvavyApI cit zakti kA aMza hai kintu vaha pAza se ba~dhA huA hai| yaha pAza (bandhana ) tIna prakAra kA hai-ANava ( ajJAna ), karma (kriyAphala) tathA mAyA ( dRzya jagat kA jAla ) / de0 'annu'| AtmA-Atman' zabda kI vyutpatti se isa ( AtmA ) kI kalpanA para paryApta prakAza par3atA hai| yAska ne isakI vyutpatti karate hue kahA hai___ "AtmA 'at' dhAtu se vyutpanna hotA hai jisakA artha hai 'satata calanA,' athavA yaha 'Ap' dhAtu se nikalA hai, jisakA artha 'vyApta honA hai|' AcArya zaGkara 'AtmA' zabda kI vyAkhyA karate hae liGga purANa (1.70.96) se nimnAGkita zloka uddhata karate haiM : yaccApnoti yadAdatte yaccAtti viSayAniha / yaccAsya santato bhAvastasmAdAtmeti kIrtyate / [ jo vyApta karatA hai; grahaNa karatA hai; sampUrNa viSayoM kA bhoga karatA hai; aura jisakI sadaiva sattA banI rahatI hai usako AtmA kahA jAtA hai| ] ____ 'AtmA' zabda kA prayoga vizvAtmA aura vyaktigata AtmA donoM arthoM meM hotA hai| upaniSadoM meM Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika aura AdhyAtmika sabhI dRSTiyoM se Atmatattva para vicAra huA hai| aitareyopaniSad meM vizvAtmA ke artha meM AtmA ko vizva kA AdhAra aura usakA mUla kAraNa mAnA gayA hai| isa sthiti meM advaitavAda ke anusAra brahma se usakA abheda svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| 'tattvamasi' vAkya kA yahI tAtparya hai / 'ahaM brahmAsmi' bhI yahI prakaTa karatA hai| 'AtmA' zabda kA adhika prayoga vyaktigata AtmA ke lie hI hotA hai| vibhinna dArzanika sampradAyoM meM isakI vibhinna kalpanAe haiN| vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra yaha aNu hai / nyAya ke anusAra yaha karma kA vAhaka hai| upaniSadoM meM ise 'aNoraNIyAn mahato mahIyAn' kahA gayA hai| advaita vedAnta meM yaha saccidAnanda aura brahma se abhinna hai| AcArya zaGkara ne AtmA ke astitva ke samarthana meM prabala pramANa upasthita kiyA hai / unakA sabase bar3A pramANa hai 'AtmA kI svayaM siddhi' arthAt AtmA apanA svataH pramANa hai; usako siddha karane ke lie kisI bAharI pramANa kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / vaha pratyagAtmA hai arthAt usI se vizva ke samasta padArthoM kA pratyaya hotA hai; pramANa bhI usI ke jJAna ke viSaya haiM; ataH usako jAnane meM bAharI pramANa asamartha haiN| parantu yadi kisI pramANa kI AvazyakatA ho to isake lie aisA koI nahIM kahatA ki 'maiM nahIM huuN|' aisA kahane vAlA apane astitva kA hI nirAkaraNa kara baitthegaa| vAstava meM jo kahatA hai ki 'maiM nahIM hU~' vahI AtmA hai ('yo'sya nirAkartA tadasya tadrUpam' ) / AtmA vAstava meM brahma se abhinna aura saccidAnanda hai| parantu mAyA athavA avidyA ke kAraNa vaha upAdhiyoM meM lipta rahatA hai / ye upAdhiyA~ haiM :

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AtmapurANa- AtmasvarUpa (1) mukhya prANa ( acetana zvAsa-prazvAsa ) (2) mana ( indriyoM kI saMvedanA ko grahaNa karane kA kendra yA mAdhyama) (3) indriyA~ ( karmendriya tathA jJAnendriya ) (4) sthUla zarIra aura (5) indriyoM kA viSaya sthUla jagat / jJAna ke dvArA bAhya jagat kA mithyAtva tathA brahma se apanA abheda samajhane para upAdhiyoM se AtmA mukta hokara punaH apane zuddha rUpa ko prApta kara letA hai| AtmA (sopAdhika) pA~ca AvaraNoM se veSTita rahatA hai, jinheM koSa kahate haiN| upaniSadoM meM inakA vistRta varNana hai / ye nimnAkita haiM : (1) asamaya koSa (sthUla zarIra ) (2) prANamaya koSa ( zvAsa-prazvAsa jo zarIra meM gati utpanna karatA hai) (3) manomaya koSa (saMkalpa-vikalpa karane vAlA), (4) vijJAnamaya koSa (viveka karane vAlA) aura (5) Anandamaya koSa ( duHkhoM se mukti aura prasAda utpanna karane vAlA) / AtmacetanA meM AtmA kI gati sthUla kopoM se sUkSma koSoM kI ora hotI hai / kintu vaha sUkSmatama Anandamaya koSa meM nahIM, balki svayaM Anandamaya hai / isI prakAra cetanA kI dRSTi se AtmA kI 'cAra' avasthAeM hotI haiM : ( 1 ) jAgrat ( jAgane kI sthiti, jisameM saba indriyA~ apane viSayoM meM ramaNa karatI rahatI haiM) (2) svapna ( vaha sthiti jisameM indriyA~ to so jAtI haiM, kintu mana kAma karatA rahatA hai aura apane saMsAra kI svayaM sRSTi kara letA hai) (3) suSupti ( vaha sthiti, jisameM mana bhI so jAtA hai, svapna nahIM AtA kintu jAgane para yaha smRti banI rahatI hai ki nIMda acchI taraha AyI) aura (4) turIyA ( vaha sthiti, jisameM sopAdhika athavA koSAveSTita jIvana kI sampUrNa smRtiyA~ samApta ho jAtI haiM / ) AtmA kI tIna mukhya sthitiyA~ haiM - (1) baddha, (2) mumukSu aura (3) mukta baddhAvasthA meM vaha saMsAra se lipta rahatA hai / mumukSu kI avasthA meM vaha saMsAra se virakta aura mokSa kI ora unmukha rahatA hai / muktAvasthA meM vaha 77 avidyA aura ajJAna se chUTakara apane svarUpa kI upalabdhi kara letA hai / kintu muktAvasthA kI bhI do sthitiyA~ haiM-- (1) jIvanmukti aura (2) videhamukti jaba taka manuSya kA zarIra hai vaha prArabdha karmoM kA phala bhogatA hai, jaba taka bhoga samApta nahIM hote, zarIra calatA rahatA hai| isa sthiti meM manuSya apane sAMsArika kartavyoM kA anAsakti ke sAtha pAlana karatA rahatA hai; jJAnamUlaka hone se ve AtmA ke lie bandhana nahIM utpanna karate / saguNopAsaka bhakta dArzanikoM kI mAyA, bandha aura mokSa sambandhI kalpanAe~ nirguNopAsaka jJAnamArgiyoM se bhinna hai bhagavAn se jIvAtmA kA viyoga bandha hai / bhakti dvArA jaba bhagavAn kA prasAda prApta hotA hai aura jaba bhakta kA bhagavAn se sAyujya ho jAtA hai taba bandha samApta ho jAtA hai / ve sAyujya, sAmIpya athavA sAlokya cAhate haiM, apanA pUrNavilaya nahIM, kyoMki vilaya hone para bhagavAn ke sAyujya kA Ananda kauna uThAyegA ? unake mata meM bhagavanniSTha honA hI AtmaniSTha honA hai / AtmapurANa-parivrAjakAcArya svAmI zaGkarAnandakRta yaha grantha advaita sAhitya jagat kA amUlya ratna hai| isameM advaitavAda ke prAyaH sabhI siddhAnta aura zruti - rahasya, yogasAdhana rahasya Adi bAteM bar3I sarala aura zlokabaddha bhASA meM saMvAda rUpa se samajhAyI gayI hai| suprasiddha 'paMcadazI' grantha ke Arambha meM vidyAraNya svAmI guru rUpa meM jinakA smaraNa karate haiM, saMbhavataH ye vahI mahAtmA zaMkarAnanda haiM / AtmapurANa meM kAverI taTa kA ullekha hai, ataH ye dAkSiNAtya rahe hoMge / isa rocaka grantha kI vizada vyAkhyA bhI kAzI ke praur3ha vidvAn paM0 kAkArAma zAstrI ( kazmIrI ) ne prAyaH savA sau varSa pUrva racI thI / Atmabodha-svAmI zaGkarAcAryaracita eka choTA sA prAthamika advaitavAdI grantha | AtmabodhopaniSad - isa upaniSad meM aSTAkSara 'om namo nArAyaNAya' mantra kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| AtmAnubhUti kI sabhI prakriyAoM kA vizada varNana isameM pAyA jAtA hai / AtmavidyAvilAsa zrI sadAzivendra sarasvatI-racita aThA rahavIM zatAbdI kA eka grantha / isakI bhASA sarala evaM bhAvapUrNa hai| adhyAtmavidyA kA isameM vistRta aura vizada vivecana kiyA gayA hai| AtmasvarUpa -- narasiMhasvarUpa ke ziSya tathA prasiddha dArzanika

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78 AtmAnanda-Adigrantha AcArya / inhoMne padmapAdakRta 'paJcapAdikA' ke Upara 'prabodha- jJAta hotA hai ki ye pUrvamImAMsA ke AcArya the| parizodhinI' nAmaka TIkA likhI, jo apanI tArkika AtharvaNa-atharvA RSi dvArA saMgRhIta veda; ukta veda kA yuktiyoM ke lie prasiddha hai / maMtra; AtharvaNa kA pAThaka, paramparAgata adhyetA athavA AtmAnanda-ye RksaMhitA ke eka bhASyakAra hai| vidhi vidhAna / AtmAnAtmaviveka-zaGkarAcArya ke prathama ziSya padmapAdA- Athava'Na upaniSadeM-dUsare vedoM kI apekSA atharvavedIya cArya kI racanAoM meM eka / isameM AtmA tathA anAtmA ke upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| brahmatattva kA prakAza hI bheda ko vizada rUpa se samajhAyA gayA hai / inakA uddezya hai| isalie atharvaveda ko 'brahmaveda' bhI AtmArpaNa-appaya dIkSita racita utkRSTa kRtiyoM meM se eka kahate haiM / vidyAraNya svAmI ne 'anubhUtiprakAza' nAmaka nibandha / isameM AtmAnubhUti kA vizada vivecana hai| grantha meM muNDaka, prazna aura nRsiMhottaratApanIya ina tIna AtmopaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad / isameM Atmatattva kA upaniSadoM ko hI prArambhika atharvavedIya upaniSad mAnA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| hai / kintu zaGkarAcArya mANDUkya ko bhI inake antargata Atreya-bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad (2.6.3) meM vaNita mANTi mAnate haiM, kyoMki bAdarAyaNa ne vedAntasUtra meM inhIM cAroM ke eka ziSya kI paitRka upAdhi / aitareya brAhmaNa meM Atreya ke pramANa aneka bAra diye haiM / jo saMnyAsI prAyaH sira mur3Aye aGga ke purohita kahe gaye hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM eka rahate haiM, unheM muNDaka kahate haiM / isI se pahalI racanA kA Atreya ko kucha yajJoM kA niyamataH purohita kahA gayA hai| 'muNDakopaniSad' nAma pdd'aa| brahma kyA hai, use kisa prakAra usI meM anyatra eka aspaSTa vacana ke antargata AtreyI samajhA jAtA hai, isa upaniSad meM inhIM bAtoM kA varNana zabda kA bhI prayoga huA hai / hai| praznopaniSad gadya meM hai / RSi pippalAda ke chaH brahmaAtreyI-gabhiNI yA rajasvalA mahilA / prathama artha ke jijJAsu ziSyoM ne vedAnta ke mUla chaH tattvoM para prazna kiye lie 'atra' (yahA~ hai) se isa zabda kI vyutpatti hotI hai| haiN| unhIM cha: praznottaroM para yaha praznopaniSad AdhArita dvitIya artha ke lie 'a-tri (tIna dina sparza ke yogya hai / mANDUkyopaniSad eka bahuta choTA gadyasaMgraha hai, parantu nahIM) se isakI vyutpatti hotI hai| atri gotra meM utpanna sabase pradhAna samajhA jAtA hai| nRsiMhatApinI pUrva aura bhI AtreyI kahI gayI hai, jaisA ki uttararAmacarita meM uttara do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai| ina cAroM ke atirikta bhavabhUti ne eka vedapAThinI brahmacAriNI AtreyI kA varNana muktikopaniSad meM anya 93 AtharvaNa upaniSadoM ke bhI kiyA hai| nAma milate haiN| Atraya RSi-kRSNa yajurveda ke caraka sampradAya kI bAraha Adi upadeza-'sAdhamata' ke saMsthApaka bIrabhAna apanI zAkhAoM meM se eka zAkhA maitrAyaNI hai / punaH maitrAyaNI kI zikSAeM kabIra kI bhA~ti diyA karate the| ve dohe aura sAta zAkhAeM huI, jinameM 'Atreya' eka zAkhA hai| bhajana ke rUpa meM huA karatI thiiN| unhIM ke saMgraha ko ___ AcArya Atreya ke mata kA ullekha (bra0 sa0 3.4.44) 'Adi upadeza' kahate haiN| karake brahAsutrakAra ne usakA khaNDana kiyA hai| unakA AdikedAra-uttarAkhaNDa meM sthita mukhya tIrthoM meM se eka / mata hai ki yajamAna ko hI yajJa kI aGgabhUta upAsanA kA badarInAtha mandira ke siMhadvAra se 4-5 sIr3hI nIce zaGkarAphala prApta hotA hai, Rtvija ko nahIM / ataeva sabhI upA- cArya kA mandira hai / usase 3-4 sIr3hI utarane ke bAda sanAe~ svayaM yajamAna ko karanI cAhie, purohita ke dvArA AdikedAra mandira sthita hai| nahIM karAnI caahie| isake virodha meM sUtrakAra ne AcArya Adigrantha-sikkhoM kA yaha dhArmika grantha hai, jisameM guru auDulomi ke mata ko pramANasvarUpa uddhata kiyA hai| nAnaka tathA dUsare guruoM ke upadezoM kA saMgraha hai| isakA mImAMsAdarzana meM jaimini ne vedAntI AcArya kArNAjini par3hanA tathA isake batAye mArga para calanA pratyeka sikkha ke mata ke viruddha siddhAnta rUpa se Atreya ke mata kA ullekha apanA kartavya samajhatA hai / 'Adigrantha' ko 'guru grantha kiyA hai| phira karma ke sarvAdhikAra mata kA khaNDana karane sAhaba' yA kevala 'grantha sAhaba' bhI kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki ke lie bhI jaimini ne Atreya kA pramANa diyA hai| isase . dasaveM guru gonvidasiMha ne sikkhoM kI isa garupraNAlI ko

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AdityaupapurANa-Adityazayana anupayukta samajhA evaM unhoMne 'khaDga-dI-pahala' (khaDga- rAyaNa kA ravivAra); 'vijaya' (za0 7 ko rohiNI ke saMskAra) ke dvArA 'khAlasA' dala banAyA, jo dhArmika jIvana sAtha ravivAra); 'putrada' (rohiNI yA hasta ke sAtha ravivAra, ke sAtha talavAra kA vyavahAra karane meM bhI kuzala huaa| upavAsa evaM piNDoM ke sAtha zrAddha hetu); 'AdityAbhimukha' guru govindasiMha ke bAda sikkha 'Adigrantha' ko hI guru (mAgha kR0 7 ko ravivAra, ekabhakta, prAtaH se sAyaM taka mAnane lage aura yaha 'guru grantha sAhaba' kahalAne lgaa| mahAzvetA maMtra kA japa hetu); 'hRdaya' (saMkrAnti ke sAtha Aditya upapurANa-aThAraha mahAparANoM kI taraha hI kama se ravivAra, nakta, sUryamandira meM sUryAbhimukha honA, Adityakama unnIsa upapurANa bhI prasiddha hai / pratyeka upapurANa hRdaya mantra kA 108 bAra japa); 'rogapA' (pUrvAphAlgunI kisI na kisI mahApurANa se nikalA huA mAnA jAtA ko ravivAra, arka ke done meM ekatra kiye hue arkaphUloM se hai / bahutoM kA mata hai ki upapurANa bAda kI racanAe~ haiM, pUjA); 'mahAzvetApriya' (ravivAra evaM sUrya grahaNa, upavAsa, parantu aneka upapurANoM se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki ve ati- mahAzvetA kA japa) / mahAzvetA mantra hai-'hrAM hrIM saH' prAcIna kAla meM saMgrahIta hue hoNge| 'Aditya upapurANa' iti, de0 he. (vata 2, 521) / antima dasa ke lie eka prAcIna racanA hai, jisakA uddharaNa ala-bIrUnI de0 kRtyakalpataru (vrata 12-23), he0 (va0 2,524-28) / (sakhAU, 1.130), madhva ke granthoM evaM vedAntasUtra ke AdityavAra naktavrata-hasta nakSatra se yukta ravivAra ko bhASyoM meM prApta hotA hai| isa vrata kA AcaraNa hotA hai, yaha rAtri athavA vAra vrata Adityadarzana-annaprAzana saMskAra ke pazcAt zizu kA hai, jisakA devatA sUrya hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna 'niSkramaNa' (pahalI bAra ghara se nikAlanA) saMskAra hotA hotA hai| de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa 2.538-541; kRtyhai| isI saMskAra kA anya nAma Adityadarzana bhI hai, ratnAkara, pR0 608-610 / kyoMki sarya kA darzana bAlaka usa dina pahalI hI bAra ___ AdityavAravrata-isameM mArgazIrSa mAsa se eka varSaparyanta me_ e : karatA hai / de0 'niSkramaNa' / sUrya kA pUjana hotA hai / bhinna-bhinna mAsoM meM sUrya kA AdityamaNDalavidhi-isa vrata meM rakta candana athavA kesara bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se smaraNa karate hue bhinna-bhinna phala se banAye hue vRtta para gehU~ athavA jau ke ATe kA ghI-gur3a arpita kiye jAte haiN| jaise, mArgazIrSa meM sUrya kA nAma se saMyukta khAdya padArtha rakhA jAtA hai / lAla phUloM se sUrya hogA 'mitra' aura unheM nArikela arpita kiyA jaaygaa| kA pUjana hotA hai / de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 753, 754 pauSa meM 'viSNu' nAma se sambodhita hoMge tathA 'bIjapUra'phala (bhaviSyottara purANa 44.1-9 se uddhRt)| arpita kiyA jaaygaa| isI prakAra anya mAsoM meM bhI / AdityavAra-sUrya ke vrata kA dina / jaba yaha kucha tithiyoM, de0 vratArka, patrAtmaka (375 ba -377 a)| isa vrata ke nakSatroM evaM mAsoM se yukta hotA hai to isake kaI nAma (kala puNya se samasta rogoM kA nivAraNa hotA hai / 12) hote haiM / mAgha zu06 ko yaha 'nanda' kahalAtA hai, Adityavata-puruSoM aura mahilAoM ke lie Azvina mAsa jaba vyakti kevala rAtri meM khAtA hai (nakta), sUrya pratimA se prArambha kara eka varSa taka ravivAra ko yaha vrata calatA para ghI se lepa karatA hai aura agasti vRkSa ke phala, zveta hai| sUrya devatA kA pUjana hotA hai| vratArka (patrAtmaka, candana, guggula dhUpa evaM apUpa (pUA) kA naivedya car3hAtA hai pR0 378 a) meM skanda purANa se eka kathA lekara isa (he0, 70 2, 522-23) / bhAdrapada zukla meM yaha ravivAra bAta kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra sAmba 'bhadra' kahalAtA hai, usa dina upavAsa yA kevala rAtri meM zrI kRSNa ke zApa se kor3hI ho gayA thA aura anta meM isI bhojana kiyA jAtA hai, dopahara ko mAlatIpuSpa, candana evaM vrata ke AcaraNa se pUrNarUpa se svastha huaa| vijayadhUpa car3hAyI jAtI hai, (he0, 70, 2, 523-24); Adityastava-appaya dIkSita kRta zaiva mata kA eka grantha / kRtyakalpataru (va 012-13) / rohiNI nakSatra se yukta ravivAra isake anusAra sUrya ke mAdhyama se antaryAmI ziva kA hI 'saumya' kahalAtA hai| anya nAma haiM 'kAmada' (mArgazIrSa japa kiyA jAtA hai| za0 6); 'jaya' (dakSiNAyana kA ravivAra); 'jayanta' (utta- Adityazayana-hasta nakSatra yukta ravivAsarIya saptamI, athavA

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80 sUrya kI saMkrAnti se yukta ravivAsarIya saptamI ho, usa dina umA tathA zara kI pratimAoM kA pUjana vihita hai ( sUrya ziva se bhinna nahIM haiM ) / isameM devatAoM ke caraNoM se prArambha kara Upara ke aGgoM kA nAmoccAraNa karate hue hasta nakSatra se prArambha kara Age ke nakSatroM ko ajJoM ke nAma ke sAtha jor3ate hue namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai| pA~ca cAdaroM tathA eka takiyA se yukta zayyA tathA eka sau mudrAoM kA dAna hotA hai / de0 padmapurANa 5.24,64-96 (hemAdri, vrata khaNDa 2.680-684 se uddhRta) / AvitvazAntivratahasta nakSatra yukta ravivAra ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / Aka vRkSa kI lakar3iyoM se sUrya kA pUjana vihita hai ( saMkhyA meM 108 yA 28 ) / inhIM lakar3iyoM se havana kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM prathama madhu tathA ghI athavA dadhi aura ghI kI sAta AkRtiyA~ dI jAtI haiM / de0 hemAdri kA vratakhaNDa 537-38 ( bhaviSya purANa se)| 1 Aditya hRdaya - vidhi ravivAra ko jaba saMkrAnti ho, usa dina sUrya ke mandira meM baiThakara 108 bAra AdityahRdayamantra kA japa aura nakta bhojana kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| rAmAyaNa (yuddha kANDa, 107) meM agastya RSi ne rAma ke pAsa Akara upadeza diyA ki ve sUrya kI padyAtmaka 'AdityahRdaya' nAmaka stuti kareM, jisase rAvaNa ke sAtha hone vAle yuddha meM vijayI ho skeN| kRtyakalpatara (prt| kANDa, 19-20 ) meM uparyukta kathA kA ullekha hai / eka bAta spaSTa hai ki yadi ravivAra ko saMkrAnti ho to 'AdityahRdaya' kA pATha karanA cAhie / AdityAbhimukha vidhi - prAtaHkAlIna snAnoparAnta vrateccha ko udita sUrya kI ora mu~ha karake khar3A honA cAhie, taduparAnta jaise jaise sUrya pazcimAbhimukha ho, vaha bhI usake ghUmane ke sAtha sUryAstaparyanta svayaM ghUmatA jaay| phira eka stambha ke sammukha mahAzvetA kA japa karake gandha, puSpa tathA akSata ityAdi se sUrya kA pUjana kara dakSiNA de sabake pazcAt svayaM bhojana grahaNa kare / AdivadarI (1) vadarInAthajI ko mUrti pahale tibba tIya kSetra meM thI / usa sthAna ko Adi badarI mAnA jAtA hai / vartamAna badarInAthapuro se mAnA ghATI hokara usa sthAna kA rAstA jAtA hai, jo bahuta hI kaThina hai| Aditya zAntiyata-AnatIya kailAsa jAne ke lie nItI ghATI se usakI ora jAte haiN| usa mArga se zivacalam jAkara vahA~ se yUliMgamaTha (AdibadarI) jA sakate haiM / yaha sthAna aba bhI bar3A ramaNIka hai / tibbatI use buliMgamaTha kahate haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki vahA~ se ukta mUrti ko Adi zaMkarAcArya ne vartamAna purI meM lAkara sthApita kiyA thaa| (2) kapAlamocana tIrtha se 12 mIla para dUsarA AdibadarI mandira hai| kahate haiM ki yahAM darzana karanA badarInAthadarzana karane ke barAbara hai| paidala kA mArga hai| yaha maMdira parvata para hai / yahA~ Thaharane kI vyavasthA nahIM hai / ( 3 ) zyAmasundara ne bhI gopoM ko AdibadarI nArAyaNa ke darzana karAye the / vaha sthAna brajamaMDala ke kAmavana kSetra meM hai| AviyAmalatantra - 'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM jo cauMsaTha tantroM ko nAmAvalI dI huI hai, usameM AdiyAmala tantra bhI eka hai| Adi rAmAyaNa - (1) aisA pravAda hai ki vAlmIki rAmAyaNa Adi rAmAyaNa nahIM hai aura Adi rAmAyaNa bhagavAn zaMkara kA racA huA bahuta bRhat grantha thA, jo aba upalabdha nahIM hai ! isakA nAma mahArAmAyaNa bhI batalAyA jAtA hai / kahate haiM ki isako svAyambhuva manvatara ke pahale satayuga meM bhagavAn zaGkara ne pArvatI ko sunAyA thaa| (2) eka dUsarA Adi rAmAyaNa upalabdha huA hai jo avazya hI paravartI hai / ayodhyA ke eka maTha se bhuzuNDi - rAmAyaNa athavA Adi rAmAyaNa prApta huA hai / isa para kRSNabhakti ke mAdhurya bhAva kA gaharA prabhAva pratIta hotA hai| AdhipatyakAma--yaha vAjapeya yajJa ke uddezyoM meM se eka uddezya hai, jisakA ullekha AzvalAyana zrautasUtra ( 9.9.1 ) meM AtA hai| isake anusAra Adhipatya kI kAmanA rakhane vAle nareza ko vAjapeya yajJa karanA caahie| ASvava yajJakriyA ke madhya kiye jAnevAle yajurvedAnusArI karma yajurveda | yajJa ke cAra purohitoM ke lie cAra alaga alaga veda haiM / Rgveda hotA ke lie, yajurveda adhvaryu ke lie, sAmaveda udgAtA ke lie evaM atharvaveda brahmA ke lie hai / isalie yajurveda ko Adhvaryava bhI kahate haiM / AnatIya- zAMkhAyana sUtra ke eka vyAkhyAkAra AnatIya /

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Anantaryavrata-AnandabodhAcArya (saurASTradezavAsI) varadaputra paNDita ne zAGkhAyana sUtra kii| upaniSadbhASya, gItAbhASya, zArIrakabhASya aura zatajo TIkA racI, usameM se naveM, dasaveM aura gyArahaveM adhyAya zlokI para tathA sarezvarAcArya kRta taittirIyopaniSadakA bhAga lupta ho gayA hai / vArtika evaM bahadAraNyakopaniSadavArtika para bhI TIkAe~ Anantaryavrata-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA ko likhI haiN| prArambha hotA hai| phira pratyeka mAsa ke donoM pakSoM kI AnandatAratamyakhaNDana-zrInivAsAcArya (dvitIya) ne dvitIyA kI rAtri tathA tRtIyA ke dina upavAsa eka varSa madhvAcArya ke mata meM doSa dikhalAne ke uddezya se 'Anandataka karanA hotA hai| bhagavatI umA kA pratyeka tRtIyA ko tAratamyakhaNDana' nAmaka prabandha kI racanA kii| isameM bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjana vihita hai / naivedya bhI parivartita madhvAcArya pratipAdita dvaita mata kI AlocanA hai| hote rahane cAhie / vratI ko bhinna-bhinna bhojya padArthoM se AnandatIrtha-prasiddha dvaitavAdI AcArya madhva kA dUsarA nAma / vrata kI pAraNA karanI caahie| yaha vrata striyopayogI inhoMne vedAnta ke prasthAnatraya (upaniSad-brahmasUtra-gItA) para hai| isakA yaha nAma isalie par3A ki yaha kartA ke lie tarkapUrNa bhASya racanA kI hai / inakA jIvana-kAla bArahavIM putroM evaM nikaTasambandhiyoM kA antara (viyoga) nahIM hone zatAbdI aura uDUpI (karnATaka) nivAsa sthAna mAnA jAtA detA / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 1.405-413 / hai / vaiSNavoM ke cAra saMpradAyoM meM eka 'mAdhva saMpradAya' Ananda-AtmA athavA paramAtmA ke anivArya guNoM Ananda tIrtha se hI pracArita huaa| (sat + cit + Ananda) meM se ek| isakA zAbdika artha hai AnandanavamI-yaha vrata phAlguna zukla navamI ke dina samyak prakAra se prasannatA ( A + nanda ) / yaha pUrNatA prArambha hokara / eka varSaparyanta calatA hai| paJcamI ko athavA mokSa kI avasthA kA dyotaka hai| jina koSoM meM ekabhakta, SaSThI ko nakta, saptamI ko ayAcita, aSTamI AtmA veSTita hotA hai unameM se eka 'Anandamaya koSa' tathA navamI ke dina upavAsa aura devI kA pUjana honA bhI hai, parantu pUrNa Ananda to koSa se pare hai| caahie| varSa ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara puSpa, Anandagiri-zaGkarAcAryakRta bhASya granthoM ke prasiddha TIkA naivedya, devI ke nAma ityAdi kA cAra-cAra mAsa ke pratyeka kAra / vedAntasUtra ke zAGkara bhASya vAlI inakI TIkA kA bhAga meM parivartana kara denA caahie| de0 kRtyakalpataru, nAma 'nyAyanirNaya' hai| bhASya ke bhAva ko hRdayaGgama vrata kANDa, 299-301; hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 1.948karAne meM yaha bahuta hI sahAyaka hai| inakI TIkA meM 150 meM isakA nAma 'anandA' hai| bhAmatI, vivaraNa, kalpataru Adi TIkAoM kI chAyA AnandapaJcamI-nAgoM ko paJcamI tithi atyanta priya dikhAI par3atI hai tathA inhoMne svayaM bhI anya TIkAoM kA hai| isa tithi ko nAgapratimAoM kA pUjana hotA hai| Azraya lene kI bAta likhI hai| inhoMne 'zaGkaradigvijaya' dUdha meM snAna karatI huI ye pratimAeM bhaya se mukti pradAna nAmaka eka svatantra grantha kI racanA bhI kI, jo vidyA karatI haiM / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, jilda 1, pR0 557. raNya svAmI ke 'zaGkaradigvijaya' ke bAda likhA gyaa| 560 / isase siddha hotA hai ki ye vidyAraNya svAmI ke paravartI AnandabodhAcArya-zrI Anandabodha bhaTTArakAcArya bArahavIM aura appaya dIkSita ke pUrvavartI the, kyoMki appaya dIkSita zatAbdI meM vartamAna the| unhoMne apane nyAyamakaranda ne 'siddhAntaleza' meM 'nyAyanirNaya' TIkA kA ullekha grantha meM vAcaspati mizra kA nAmollekha kiyA hai tathA kiyA hai / vidyAraNya svAmI kA kAla caudahavIM zatAbdI vivaraNAcArya prakAzAtma yati ke mata kA anuvAda bhI kiyA hai aura appaya dIkSita kA solahavIM yA satrahavIM zatAbdI hai / vAcaspati mizra dasavIM zatAbdI meM aura prakAzAtma kA pUrva bhAga hai| Anandagiri kA kAla pandrahavIM yati gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue the| citsukhAcArya ne, jo zatAbdI hai| terahavIM zatAbdI meM vartamAna the, 'nyAyamakaranda' kI Anandagiri kA dUsarA nAma AnandajJAna bhI hai| vyAkhyA kii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki Anandabodha inake pUrvAzrama aura jIvana caritra ke viSaya meM kisI bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue hoNge| ve saMnyAsI the / isase prakAra kA paricaya nahIM miltaa| inhoMne zaGkarAcAryakRta adhika unake jIvana kI koI ghaTanA nahIM mAlUma hotii|

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AnandabhaTTa-AnvIkSiko unake tIna grantha milate haiM-1. nyAyamakaranda, 2. pramANa- kA dAna vihita hai| de0 kRtyakalparu, vrata kANDa, 443; mAlA aura 3. nyAyadIpAvalI / ina tInoM meM unhoMne hemAdri, vrata khaNDa 1, pRSTha 742-43 / advaita mata kA vivecana kiyA hai / de0 'advaitAnanda' / Anandasaphala saptamI-yaha vrata bhAdra zukla saptamI ke dina Ananda bhaTTa-vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke eka bhASyakAra / prArambha hotA hai| eka varSaparyanta isa tithi ko upavAsa AnandabhASya-vedAnta darzana kA eka vaiSNava bhASya, jo vihita hai| de0 bhaviSya purANa, 1.110,1-8; kRtyaAcArya svAmI rAmAnanda ke sAMpradAyika siddhAMtoM ke anu- kalpataru, vratakANDa, 148-149 / kucha hastalikhita granthA rUpa saguNa brahmasvarUpa kA pratipAdana karatA hai / yaha meM ise 'ananta phala' kahA gayA hai / uttama koTi kI gambhIra tArkika racanA hai, jisase bhASya- AnandAdhikaraNa-vallabhAcArya racita solahavIM zatAbdI kA kAra kA anupama pANDitya prakaTa hotA hai| eka grantha / isameM puSTimArgIya siddhAMtoM kA pratipAdana kiyA AnandalaharI-zaMkarAcArya dvArA viracita mahAmAyA durgA- gayA hai| devI kI stuti eka lalita zikhariNI chanda meM racI gayI, Andolaka mahotsava-vasanta Rtu meM yaha mahotsava manAyA bhaktipUrNa kRti hai| sAmAnyatayA isake nirmAtA Adya jAtA hai| de0 bhaviSyottara purANa, 133-24 / isameM zaMkarAcArya mAne jAte haiN| kintu AlocakagaNa pazcAd- dolA ( jhalA), saMgIta aura raMga Adi kA vizeSa AyobhAvI zaMkarAcArya padAsIna kisI anya mahAtmA ko isakA jana rahatA hai| racayitA mAnate haiM / 41 padyAtmaka AnandalaharI gahana Andolana vrata-isa vrata meM caitra zukla tRtIyA ko zivasiddhAntapUrNa tAMtrika stotra saundaryalaharI kA pUrvArdha mAnI pArvatI kI pratimAoM kA pUjana tathA eka pAlane meM unako jAtI hai| jhulAnA hotA hai / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 2.745-748, AnandaliGga jaGgama-uttarAkhaNDa ke zrI kedAranAtha dhAma jisameM Rgveda, dazama maNDala ke ikyAsIveM sUkta ke tIsare meM sthita bahuta prAcIna maTha / isakI prAcInatA kA pramANa mantra kA ullekha hai : 'vishvtshckssurut|' eka tAmrazAsana hai, jo isa maTha meM vartamAna batAyA jAtA Andhra brAhmaNa-dezavibhAga ke anusAra brAhmaNoM ke do hai / usake anusAra himavAn kedAra meM mahArAja janamejaya bar3e varga haiM-pazcagauDa aura pnycdrvidd| narmadA ke dakSiNa ke ke rAjatvakAla meM svAmI AnandaliGga jaGgama vahA~ ke brAhmaNa Andhra, draviDa, karNATaka, mahArASTra aura gurjara haiN| maTha ke adhiSThAtA the / unhIM ke nAma janamejaya ne mandA- inheM paJcadraviDa kahA gayA hai aura udhara ke brAhmaNa inhIM kinI, kSIragaGgA, madhugaGgA, svargadvAra gaGgA, sarasvatI pA~ca nAmoM se prasiddha haiM / Andhra yA tailaGga meM tilaghAni aura mandAkinI ke bIca jitanA bhUkSetra hai, sabakA dAna yana, vellanATI, veginATI, mukinATI, kAsalanATI, karanaisa uddezya se kiyA ki UkhImaTha ke AcArya Ananda- kammA, niyogI aura prathamazAkhI ye ATha vibhAga haiN| liGga jaGgama ke ziSya jJAnaliGga jaGgama isakI Aya se de0 'paJca draviDa / ' bhagavAn kedArezvara kI pUjA-arcA kiyA kreN| AnvIkSikI sAmAnyataH isakA artha tarka zAstra athavA AnandavallI-taittirIyopaniSad ke tIna bhAga haiN| pahalA darzana hai| isIlie isakA nyAya zAstra se gaharA bhAga saMhitopaniSad athavA zikSAvallI hai, dUsare sambandha hai| 'AnvIkSikI', 'tarkavidyA', 'hetuvAda' kA bhAga ko AnandavallI kahate haiM aura tIsare ko bhRgu- nindApUrvaka ullekha rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM milatA vllii| ina donoM ( dUsarI aura tIsarI) kA ikaTThA hai| arthazAstra meM ullikhita cAra prakAra kI vidyAoM nAma vAruNI upaniSad bhI hai| AnandavallI meM brahma ke (AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA tathA daNDanIti ) meM se Anandatattva kI vyAkhyA hai| 'AnvIkSikI' mahattvapUrNa vidyA mAnI gayI hai, jisakI zikSA Anandavrata-isa vrata meM caitra mAsa se cAra mAsaparyanta pratyeka rAjakumAra ko dI jAnI caahie| usameM (2.1.13) binA kisI ke yAcanA karane para bhI jala kA vitaraNa isakI upayogitA nimnalikhita batalAyI gayI hai : kiyA jAtA hai| vrata ke anta meM jala se pUrNa kalaza, pradIpaH sarvavidyAnAmupAyaH sarvakarmaNAm / bhojya padArtha, vastra, eka anya pAtra meM tila tathA suvarNa AzrayaH sarvadharmANAM zazvadAnvIkSikI matA / /

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ApaH-ApaddharmaparvAdhyAya [AnvIkSikI sadA sabhI vidyAoM kA pradIpa, sabhI varNana hai, jina ke nAma haiM-(1) pitRyajJa, (2) pArvaNayajJa, karmoM kA upAya aura sabhI dharmoM kA Azraya mAnI gayI (3) aSTakAyajJa, (4) zrAvaNIyajJa, (5) AzvayujIyajJa, hai| isa prakAra AnvIkSiko vidyA trayI, vArtA, daNDanIti (6) AgrahAyaNIyajJa aura (7) caitrIyajJa / inake atirikta Adi vidyAoM ke balAbala ko yuktiyoM se nirdhArita karatI paJcamahAyajJoM kA bhI varNana pAyA jAtA hai-(1) brahmayajJa, huI saMsAra kA upakAra karatI hai, vipatti aura samRddhi meM (2) devayajJa, (3) pitRyajJa, (4) atithiyajJa aura (5) buddhi ko dRDha rakhatI hai aura prajJA, vAkya evaM kriyA meM bhUtayajJa / isameM solaha gRhya saMkAroM kA bhI vidhAna hai| kuzalatA utpanna karatI hai| nimnAMkita mukhya haiM : ApaH-Rgveda ke ( 7.47.49;10.9,30) jaise mantroM 1. garbhAdhAna, 2. puMsavana, 3. sImantonnayana, 4. jAtameM ApaH (jaloM) ke vividha guNoM kI abhivyakti huI karma, 5. nAmakaraNa, 6. niSkramaNa, 7. annaprAzana, 8. hai| yahA~ AkAzIya jaloM kI stuti kI gayI hai, unakA caula, 9. upanayana, 10. samAvartana, 11. vivAha, 12. sthAna sUrya ke pAsa hai| antyeSTi Adi / 'ina divya jaloM ko strIrUpa mAnA gayA hai / ve mAtA __ ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM-1. brAhma, 2. daiva, 3. ArSa, haiM, navayuvatI haiM, athavA deviyA~ haiM / unakA somarasa ke 4. prAjApatya, 5. Asura, 6. gAndharva, 7. rAkSasa aura sAtha saMyoga hone se indra kA peya prastuta hotA hai / ve dhana paizAca-kA varNana bhI isameM pAyA jAtA hai| vAn hai, dhana denevAlI haiM, varadAnoM kI svAminI hai tathA Apastamba dharmasUtra-vaidika saMpradAya ke dharmasUtra kevala pA~ca ghI, dUdha evaM madhu lAtI haiN|' upalabdha haiM: (1) Apastamba, (2) hiraNyakezI, (3) baudhA yana, (4) gautama aura (5) vasiSTha / caraNavyUha ke anuina guNoM ko hama isa prakAra mAnate haiM ki jala pRthvI * sAra Apastamba kRSNa yajurveda kI taittirIya zAkhA ke ko upajAU banAtA hai, jisase vaha prabhUta anna utpanna khANDikIya vargIya pA~ca upavibhAgoM meM se eka hai| yaha karatI hai| sabase prAcIna dharmasUtra hai| yaha do praznoM, ATha paTaloM jala pAlana karanevAlA, zakti denevAlA evaM jIvana aura teIsa khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai / / denevAlA hai| vaha manuSyoM ko peya detA hai evaM indra ko Apaddharma-sabhI vargoM tathA AzramoM ke dharma vRtti tathA avbhii| vaha oSadhiyoM kA bhI bhAga hai evaM isI kAraNa sthA bheda se smRtiyoM meM varNita haiM / kinhIM vizeSa parirogoM se mukti denevAlA hai| sthitiyoM meM jaba apane varNa aura Azrama ke kartavyoM kA Apadeva-suprasiddha mImAMsaka / unakA 'mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza' pAlana saMbhava nahIM hotA to dharmazAstra meM unake vikalpa pUrvamImAMsA kA eka prAmANika paricAyaka grantha hai| batAye gaye haiM / zAstroM se vihita hone ke kAraNa inakA mImAMsaka hote hue bhI unhoMne sadAnandakRta vedAntasAra pAlana bhI dharma hI hai| udAharaNa ke lie, yadi brAhmaNa para 'bAlabodhinI' nAma kI TIkA likhI hai, jo nRsiMha apane varNa ke viziSTa kartavyoM (pAThana, yAjana aura pratigraha) sarasvatIkRta 'subodhinI' aura rAmatIrtha kRta 'vidvanmano se nirvAha nahIM kara sakatA to vaha kSatriya athavA vaizya ke raJjinI' kI apekSA adhika utkRSTa samajhI jAtI hai| viziSTa kartavyoM (zastra, kRSi, gorakSA aura vANijya) ko ApadevI-Apadeva racita 'mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza' ko apanA sakatA hai| kintu ina kartavyoM meM bhI brAhmaNa ke adhikAMza loga 'ApadevI' kahate haiM / isakI racanA 16- lie sImA bA~dha dI gayI hai ki saMkaTakAlIna sthiti 30 I0 ke lagabhaga huI thii| yaha ati sarala saMskRta bIta jAne para Apaddharma kA tyAga kara use apane varNadharma bhASA meM hai aura isakA adhyayana bahuta pracalita hai| kA pAlana karanA caahie| Apastamba gRhyasUtra-hyasUtra kula 14 haiN| Rgveda ke tIna, ApaddharmaparvAdhyAya-mahAbhArata ke 18 parva haiM aura ina sAma ke tIna, zukla yajuH kA eka, kRSNa yajurveda ke chaH evaM paryoM ke avAntara bhI 100 choTe parva haiM, jinheM parvAdhyAya AtharvaNa kA eka / gRhyasUtroM meM Apastamba kA sthAna mahattva ___kahate haiM / aise hI choTe paryoM meM se Apaddharma bhI eka hai| pUrNa hai / isameM tathA anya gRhyasUtroM meM mukhyataH gRhyayajJoM kA isakI viSayasUcI isa prakAra hai :

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ApastambayajuH saMhitA-AbU (arbuda) rAjarSi vRttAnta kIrtana / kAyavya-dasyu saMvAda / nakulo- ApastambIya maNDanakArikA - mImAMsA zAstra kA eka prasiddha pAkhyAna / mArjAra mUSika saMvAda / brahmadatta-pUjanosaMvAda / kaNika upadeza / vizvAmitra nissaadsNvaad| kapotalubdhakasaMvAda bhAryAprazaMsA kIrtana indrota-parIkSitsaMvAda - gomAyusaMvAda pavana zAlmalisaMvAda AtmajJAna kIrtana | dama guNavarNana tapaH kIrtana satya kathana / lobhopaakhyaan| nRzaMsaprAyavittakathana lagotpatti kIrtana / SaDjagItA | kRtanopAkhyAna / Apastamba yajuH saMhitA kRSNa yajurveda ke eka sampradAya grantha kA nAma 'Apastamba yajusaMhitA' hai| isameM sAta aSTaka haiM / ina aSTakoM meM 44 prazna haiM / ina 44 praznoM meM 651 anuvAka haiN| pratyeka anuvAk meM do sahasra eka sau aDDAnave kaNDikAe~ haiM / sAdhAraNataH eka kaNDikA meM 50-50 zabda haiM / Apastamba zulvasUtra - kalpasUtroM kI paramparA meM zulvasUtra bhI Ate haiN| zulbasUtroM kI bhUmikA 1875 I0 meM vibo dvArA likhI gayI thI (jarnala oNpha eziyATika sosAyaTI oNfa beMgAla) / zulvasUtra do haiM : pahalA baudhAyana evaM dUsarA Apastamba / jarmana meM isakA anuvAda zrI barka ne prastuta kiyA thA zulbasUtroM kA sambandha zrIta yajJoM se hai| zul kA artha hai mApane kA tAgA yA DorA / yajJavedikAoM ke nirmANa meM isakA kAma par3atA thA / yajJasthala, usake vistAra, AkAra Adi kA nirdhAraNa zulbasUtroM ke anusAra hotA thA / bhAratIya jyAmiti ke prAcIna Adima grantha mAne jAte haiM / Apastamba zrautasUtra - zrItasUtra aneka AcArya ne prastuta kiye haiN| inakI saMkhyA 13 hai kRSNa yajurveda ke chaH zrIta sUtra haiM, jinameM se 'Apastamba zrautasUtra' bhI eka hai / isa kA jarmana anuvAda gArve dvArA 1878 meM aura kaileMDa dvArA 1910 I0 meM huaa| zrautasUtroM kI yAjJika kriyAoM para hilleNTa ne vistRta grantha likhA hai| vaidika saMhitAoM aura brAhmaNa granthoM meM jina yajJoM kA varNana hai unako zrautasUtroM meM paddhatibaddha kiyA gayA hai / vaidika havi tathA soma yajJa sambandhI dhArmika anuSThAnoM kA isameM pratipAdana hai| zrutipratipAdita caudaha yajJoM kA isameM vidhAna hai / de0 'zrautasUtra' / Apastamba smRti avazya hI yaha paravartI smRtiyoM meM se hai| ApastambadharmasUtra se isakI viSayasUcI bahuta bhinna hai| 84 grantha / surezvarAcArya athavA maNDana mizra ne, jo pANDitya ke agAdha sAgara the aura jinheM zAGkaramata ke AcAryoM meM sarvAdhika pratiSThA prApta hai, apane saMnyAsa grahaNa karane ke pUrva ' ApastambIya maNDanakArikA' kI racanA kI thI / Apizali - eka prasiddha prAcIna vyAkaraNAcArya / inakA nAma pANinIya aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM (vA supyApizale / 6. 1. 92 ) AyA hai| Aptopadeza-nyAyadarzana meM varNita cauthA pramANa / nyAyasUtra meM likhA hai ki Asopadeza arthAt 'Apta puruSa kA vAkya' zabda pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| bhASyakAra ne Apta puruSa kA lakSaNa batalAyA hai ki jo 'sAkSAtkRtadharmA' ho arthAt jaisA dekhA, sunA, anubhava kiyA ho ThIka-ThIka vaisA hI kahane vAlA ho, vahI Apta hai, cAhe vaha Arya ho yA mleccha / gautama ne Aptopadeza ke do bheda kiye haiM- 'dRSTArtha' evaM 'adRSTArtha' / pratyakSa jAnI huI bAtoM ko batAne vAlA 'dRSTArtha' evaM kevala anumAna se jAnane yogya bAtoM ko (jaise svarga, apavarga, punarjanma ityAdi ko batAne vAlA 'adRSTArtha' kahalAtA hai / isa para vAtsyAyana ne kahA hai ki isa prakAra laukika vacana aura RSi vacana yA vedavAkya kA vibhAga ho jAtA hai / adRSTArtha meM kevala vedavAkya hI pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai| naiyAyikoM ke mata se veda IzvarakRta hai / isase usake vAkya satya aura vizvasanIya haiM | para laukika vAkya tabhI satya mAne jA sakate haiM, unakA vaktA prAmANika mAna liyA jAya / jaba AbU ( arbuda) - prasiddha parvata tathA tIrthasthAna, jo rAjasthAna ke sirohI kSetra meM sthita hai| yaha maidAna ke bIca meM dvIpa kI taraha uThA huA hai| isakA saMskRta rUpa arbuda hai jisakA artha phor3A yA sarpa bhI hai| ise himAlaya kA putra kahA gayA hai / yahA~ vasiSTha kA Azrama thA aura rAjA ambarISa ne bhI tapasyA kI thii| isakA mukhya tIrtha guruzikhara 5653 phuTa U~cA hai / yahA~ eka guhA meM dattAzreya aura gaNeza kI mUrtiyAM aura pAsa meM acalezvara (ziva) kA mandira bhI hai / yahA~ zakti kI pUjA adharAdevI tathA arbudamAtA ke rUpa meM hotI hai| yaha prasiddha jaina tIrtha bhI hai aura delavAr3A meM jainiyoM ke bahuta sundara kalAtmaka mandira bane hue haiM /

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AbhAsa Ayurveda AbhAsa - kazmIrI zaiva mata kA eka siddhAnta / kazmIrI zaivoM kI sAhityika paramparA meM somAnanda kRta 'zivadRSTi' grantha va mata ke dArzanika vicAroM ko spaSTarUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| yaha ekezvaravAda ko mAnatA hai evaM isake anu sAra mokSa manuSya ko satata pratyabhijJA (manuSya kA ziva ke sAtha tAdAtmya bhAva) ke anuzAsana se prApta ho sakatA hai| yahA~ sRSTi ko kevala mAyA nahIM, apitu ziva kA zakti ke mAdhyama se vyaktIkaraNa mAnA gayA hai / sampUrNa sRSTi ziva kA 'AbhAsa' (prakAza) hai AbhAsa kA zAbdika artha hai 'samyak prakAra se bhAsita hogA' yaha eka prakAra kI vizva-manovaijJAnika prakriyA hai jisake dvArA parama ziva (antima tatva) vizva ke vividha rUpoM meM bhAsita hotA hai| 1 AmardakIvrata- kisI mAsa kI zukla pakSa kI dvAdazI, vizeSa rUpa se phAlguna mAsa kI AmadaMkI athavA pAtrI ( AMvalA phala athavA hare) kahalAtI hai| vibhinna nakSatroM se yukta dvAdazI ke vibhinna nAma ye haiM / jaise vijayA ( zravaNa nakSatra ke sAtha), jayantI (rohiNI ke sAtha), pApanAzinI (puSya nakSatra ke sAtha ) / antima dvAdazI ke dina upavAsa karane se eka sahasra ekAdaziyoM kA puNya prApta hotA hai| viSNu kI pUjA karate hue vratI ko Amalaka vRkSa ke nIce jAgaraNa karanA caahie| de0 hemAdri, 1, 214-222 / AmalakyekAdazI - phAlguna zukla ekAdazI / isa tithi ko Amalaka vRkSa ke nIce hari bhagavAn kA pUjana karanA cAhie, kyoMki isa vRkSa meM viSNu aura lakSmI kA vAsa hai / de0 padmapurANa, 6.47. 33 smRtikaustubha 364-366 / A~vale ke vRkSa ke nIce baiThakara kArtika pUrNimA athavA kArtika mAsa ke kisI bhI dina pUjana aura bhojana karanA cAhie / Amera (ambAnagara ) - rAjasthAna kA eka prasiddha zAkta pITha / yaha jayapura se 5 mIla dUra hai jo isa rAjya kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI thI / yahA~ kAlI kA eka prasiddha mandira hai / eka anya pahAr3I para para galatA ( jharanA) TIlA hai, jisako loga gAlava RSi kI tapobhUmi mAnate haiN| TIle ke Upara sAta kuNDa haiM / inake pAsa hI zaMkarajI kA mandira hai| jharanoM se barAbara jala pravAhita hotA rahatA hai 85 jisameM yAtrI snAna karake apane ko puNya kA bhAgI samajhate haiM / AmrapuNyabhakSaNa isa vrata kA sambandha kAmadeva pUjana se hai AmramaJjarIkAmadeva kA pratIka hai, kyoMki isakI madagandha kAma ko uddIpta karatI hai / kAmadeva kI tuSTi ke lie caitra zukla pratipadA ko Amra maJjariyoM ko ravAnA cAhie / 0 smRtikaustubha 519 varSakRtyakaumudI, 516-517 / Ayatana - chAndogya upaniSad (7.24.2) meM yaha nivAsa sthAna ke artha meM kevala eka sthAna para AyA hai| kintu kAvyoM meM ise pavitra sthAna, vizeSa kara mandira mAnA gayA hai, jaise devAyatana, zivAyatana Adi / : - viSNu bhagavAn ko maGgala kA Ayatana mAnA gayA hai maGgalaM bhagavAn viSNuH maGgalaM garuDadhvajaH / maGgalaM puNDarIkAkSaH maGgalAyatanaM hariH // Ayanta dIkSita -- Ayanta dIkSita deza ke ziSya the| inhoMne 'vyAsatAtparyanirNaya' nAmaka eka adbhuta grantha kI racanA kI thii| beGkaTeza sadAzivendra sarasvatI ke samakAlIna the, unhoMne 'akSayaSaSTi' aura 'dAyazataka ' nAmaka do graMtha race haiM / unake ziSya hone ke kAraNa Ayanta dIkSita kA jIvana kAla bhI aThArahavIM zatAbdI hI siddha hotA hai| 'vyAsatAtparyanirNaya' meM Ayanta dIkSita ne vyAsa ke vedAntasUtroM ko advaitavAdI mAnA hai| advaita siddha premiyoM ke lie yaha mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / Ayurveda - - paramparA ke anusAra Ayurveda eka upaveda hai tathA dharma aura darzana se isakA abhinna sambandha hai| caraNavyUha ke anusAra yaha Rgveda kA upaveda hai parantu suzrutAdi Ayurveda granthoM ke anusAra yaha atharvaveda kA upaveda hai / suzruta ke mata se "jisameM yA jisake dvArA Ayu prApta ho, Ayu jAnI jAya usako Ayurveda kahate haiN|" bhAvamizra ne bhI aisA hI likhA hai / caraka meM likhA hai-- 'yadi koI pUchane vAlA prazna kare ki Rk, sAma, yaju, atharva ina cAroM vedoM meM kisa veda kA avalamba lekara Ayurveda ke vidvAn upadeza karate haiM, to unase cikitsaka cAroM meM atharvaveda ke prati adhika bhakti prakaTa kregaa| kyoMki svastyayana, bali, maGgala, homa, niyama, prAyazcitta, upavAsa aura mantrAdi atharvaveda se lekara hI ve cikitsA kA upadeza karate haiM / '

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86 suzruta meM likhA hai ki brahmA ne pahale-pahala eka lAkha zlokoM kA 'Ayurveda zAstra' banAyA, jisameM eka sahasra adhyAya the| unase prajApati ne pddh'aa| prajApati se azvinIkumAroM ne aura azvinIkumAroM se indra ne indradeva se dhanvantari ne aura dhanvantari se sunakara suzruta muni ne Ayurveda kI racanA kI brahmA ne Ayurveda ko ATha bhAgoM meM bA~Takara pratyeka bhAga kA nAma tantra rakhA / ye ATha bhAga nimnAMkita haiN| (1) zalya tantra, ( 2 ) zAlAkya tantra, (3) kAya cikitsA tantra, (4) bhUta vidyA tantra, (5) kaumArabhRtya tantra, (6) agada tantra, (7) rasAyana tantra aura (8) vAjIkaraNa tantra / isa aSTAGga Ayurveda ke antargata dehatatva zarIravijJAna, zastravidyA, bheSaja aura dravya guNa tattva, cikitsA tattva aura dhAtrI vidyA bhI hai| isake atirikta usameM sadRza cikitsA (homyopaithI), virodhI cikitsA (elopaithI) aura jalacikitsA (hAiDro paithI) Adi Ajakala ke abhinava cikitsA praNAliyoM ke vidhAna bhI pAye jAte haiN| Ayudhavrata- isa vrata meM zravaNa se cAra mAsaparyanta zaGkha, cakra, gadA aura padma kA pUjana karanA caahie| ye Ayudha vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna tathA aniruddha ke pratIka haiM / de0 viSNudharmottara purANa, 3.148, 1-6; hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 2.831 / Ayurvrata - ( 1 ) isa vrata meM eka varSa taka zambhu tathA kezava (viSNu) kA candana se lepana karanA cAhie / vrata ke anta meM jalapUrNa kalaza tathA gau kA dAna vihita hai / de0 kRtyakalpataru, vrata kANDa, 442 / (2) pUrNimA ke dina bhagavAn viSNu tathA lakSmI kA pUjana, upavAsa kucha upahAra brAhmaNa tathA sadyaH vivAhita striyoM ko denA caahie| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa 2.225229 (garuDa purANa se ) / AyuH saMkrAntivata - isa vrata meM saMkrAnti ke dina sUrya kA pUjana, kA~se ke pAtra, dUdha, ghI tathA suvarNa kA dAna vihita hai / isakA udyApana dhAnya saMkrAnti ke samAna honA cAhie / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa 2.767; vratArka, 10 389 / AraNIya vidhi-saMttirIya brAhmaNa kA zeSAMza taittirIya AraNyaka hai| isameM dasa kANDa haiM kAThaka meM batAyI huI 'AraNIya vidhi' kA bhI isa grantha meM vicAra huA hai| isake Ayudhavrata- AraNyaka pahale aura tIsare prapAThaka meM yajJAgni sthApana ke niyama likhe haiN| dUsare prapAThaka meM svAdhyAya ke niyama haiN| caube, pA~caveM aura chaThe meM darza-pUrNamAsAdi aura pitRmedhAdi viSayoM para vicAra hai / AraNyaka - brAhmaNoM aura upaniSadoM kA madhyavartI sAhitya AraNyaka hai, ataH yaha zruti kA hI eka bhAga hai / kahA jA sakatA hai ki AraNyaka brAhmaNoM kI hI bhASA aura zailI meM likhe gaye unake pUraka haiM / inake adhyAyoM kA prArambha brAhmaNoM jaisA hI hai, kintu sAmagrI meM sAmAnya antara dikhAI par3atA hai, jo kramazaH rahasyAtmaka dRSTAntoM yA rUpakoM ke mAdhyama se dArzanika cintana meM badala gayA hai| sAdhAraNataH dhArmika kriyAkalApoM evaM rUpaka vAle bhAga ko hI AraNyaka kahate hai, evaM dArzanika bhAga upaniSad kahalAtA hai| ina AraNyaka granthoM ke bhAga dhArmika kriyAoM kA varNana karate haiM tathA yatra-tatra unakI rahasyapUrNa vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiM / isa prakAra ye brAhmaNazikSAoM se abhinna dikhAI par3ate haiM / kintu kucha adhyAyoM meM kucha kar3e niyamoM kI sthApanA huI, jisake anusAra kucha kriyAoM ko gupta rakhane kI AjJA hai aura unheM kucha vizeSa puruSoM ke nimitta hI karane yogya batalAyA gayA hai| aise rahasthAtmaka sthala upaniSadoM meM bhI dRSTigocara hote haiM / isake sAtha hI kucha aise adhyAya haiM jinameM kevala kriyAoM ke rUpaka hI diye gaye haiM, para ve dhArmika kriyAoM ke sampAdanAva nahIM, kintu dhyAna karane ke lie diye gaye haiM / inameM se kisI bhI rUpakAtmaka athavA yAjJika adhyAya meM punarjanma athavA karmavAda kI zikSA nahIM hai| AraNyakoM kA adhyayana araNya ( vana ) meM hI karanA caahie| kintu ve kauna the jo unakA adhyayana karate the ? brAhmaNoM ke nirmANa-kAla meM hI virakta yati, muniyoM kA eka sampradAya prakaTa huA, jo sAMsArikatA kA tyAga kara cukA thA aura jisane apane jIvana ko dhArmika lakSya kI ora lagA diyA thaa| unake abhyAsoM ke tIna prakAra the : (1) tapasyA, (2) yajJa aura ( 3 ) dhyAna / kintu niyama vibhinna the, isalie abhyAsoM meM vibhinnatA thii| kucha logoM ne yajJoM ko ekadama chor3a diyaa| bar3e evaM vistRta yajJa vaise bhI asambhava hote the Upara jo kucha araNyavAsI sAdhuoM ke sambandha meM kahA gayA hai, usakA bar3A hI rAjIva varNana rAmAyaNa meM upasthita hai / jaba vidyArthI apanI zikSA

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AraNyagAna - ArogyadvitIyA samApta kara letA to usake lie tIna mArga huA karate the, apane guru ke sAtha Ajanma rahanA, gRhasva bananA aura araNyavAsI sAdhu bnnaa| aise sAdhu kA prArambhika nAma 'vaikhAnasa' yA kintu bAda meM vAnaprastha ( vanavAsI) kA prayoga hone lgaa| sAyaNAcArya kA kahanA hai ki AraNyaka sAdhuoM kA pAThya 'brAhmaNa grantha' thA / isa mata kA DAyasana ne samarthana kiyA hai| AraNyaka ke viSayoM ke vibhinna adhyAyoM-dhArmika kriyAoM kI rahasyAtmaka vyAkhyA, dRSTAnta, Antarika yaza Adi kA banavAso sAdhuoM ke vibhinna prakAra ke abhyAsoM se mela bhI khAtA hai / kintu olDenavarga evaM veriDela kItha kA kathana hai ki AraNyaka ve rahasyAtmaka grantha haiM, jinakA adhyayana ekAMta meM hI ho sakatA hai / pro0 kItha kA kathana hai ki brAhmaNoM kI taraha AraNyaka bhI purohitoM ko par3hAyA jAtA thaa| donoM meM antara kevala rahasyoM kA thA, jo AraNyaka granthoM meM hai / AraNyakoM meM ve hI adhyAya mahatvapUrNa hai jo apane rUpaka, rahasya, dhyAna Adi para jora DAlane ke kAraNa brAhmaNoM se tathA dArzanika upaniSadoM se bhinna haiM / mukhya AraNyaka grantha nimnAMkita hai Rgveda ke AraNyaka - 1. aitareya AraNyaka -- isake pA~ca grantha pAye jAte haiM / dUsare aura tIsare AraNyaka svatantra upaniSad haiN| dUsare ke uttarArddha ke zeSa cAra paricchedoM meM vedAnta kA pratipAdana hai | isalie unakA nAma aitareya upaniSad hai / cauthe AraNyaka kA saMkalana zaunaka ke ziSya AzvalAyana kiyA hai| 2. kauSItaki AraNyaka - isake tIna khaNDa haiM / prathama do khaNDa karmakANDa se bhare haiN| tIsarA khaNDa kauSItaki upaniSad kahalAtA hai| yaha bahuta sAragarbhita hai| AnandadhAma meM praveza karane kI vidhi isameM pratipAdita hai| yajurveda ke AraNyaka - 1. taittirIya AraNyaka kRSNa yajurveda kA hai| isa AraNyaka meM dasa kANDa hai| AraNIya vidhi kA isameM pratipAdana huA hai| 2. bRhadAraNyaka zuklayajurveda kA hai| sAmaveda kA AraNyaka - 1. chAndogya AraNyaka yaha AraNyaka chaH prapAThakoM meM vibhAjita hai| vaha AraNyaka AraNyagAna bhI kahalAtA hai| ( kaoNvela, kItha, viMTaranitja) AraNyamAna jisa prakAra AraNyakoM ke par3hane athavA adhyayana ke lie vana meM nivAsa kiyA jAtA thA, usI prakAra sAmaveda ke 'AraNyagAna' ke lie bhI vidhAna thA, arthAt use bhI araNya (vana) meM hI gAyA jAtA thA / ArambhavAda-jagat athavA sRSTi kI utpatti aura vikAsa ke sambandha meM vaizeSikoM tathA naiyAyikoM kA mata hai ki Izvara sRSTi ko utpanna karatA hai| isI siddhAnta ko ArambhabAda kahate haiN| nitya paramANu eka dUsare se vibhinna prakAra se milakara jagat ke ananta padArthoM kI racanA ( Arambha ) karate haiM / yaha eka prakAra kA sarjanAtmaka vikAsavAda hai / 87 ArAdhya brAhmaNa' ArAdhya brAhmaNa' ardha-liGgAyatoM kI do zAkhAoM meM se eka hai| ina ardha-liGgAyatoM meM liGgAyata prathAe~ apUrNa evaM jAtibheda kA bhAva saMkIrNa haiM / ArAdhya brAhmaNa vizeSakara karNATaka evaM tailaMga pradeza meM pAye jAte haiM / ye ardha parivartita smArta haiM jo pavitra yajJopavIta evaM zivaliGga dhAraNa karate haiM / apanI vyaktigata pUjA meM ve liGgAyata haiM, kintu smAtoM ke sAtha vaivAhika sambandha karate haiN| unake lie koI smArta vyakti vaivAhika utsava sampanna karatA hai, kintu ve dUsare liGgAyatoM ke ghara bhojana nahIM karate / dUsarA artha-liGgAyata dala jAtibahiSkRta hai, jisake lie koI bhI jaGgama saMskArotsava nahIM karatA aura ve kisI bhI artha meM liGgAyata samAja meM praveza nahIM pA sakate / AruNi yaha eka pitRparaka nAma hai| aruNa aupavezi ke putra uddAlaka ke artha meM yaha vyavahRta hotA hai| AruNi yazasvI se bhI uddAlaka kA bodha hotA hai, jo jaiminIya brAhmaNa ( 2180 ) meM subrahmaNyA ke AcArya haiN| AruNi kA prayoga jaiminIya upaniSad, brAhmaNa, kAThaka saMhitA evaM aitareya AraNyaka meM bhI huA hai| AruNeyopaniSad - nivRttimArgI upaniSadoM meM isakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| ArogyadvitIyA - pauSa zukla dvitIyA ko athavA zukla pakSa kI pratyeka dvitIyA ko udayakAlIna candra ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| candramA kA pUjana karane ke pazcAt vastroM kA -Y

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88 ArogyapratipadA-Artabhakti joDA, sUvarNa tathA eka tarala padArtha se bharA haA kalaza dAna karanA cAhie / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 1.389-91 (viSNudharmottara purANa, 2.58 se uddhRt)| ArogyapratipadA-varSa kI samApti ke pazcAt prathama tithi ko vratArambha hotA hai| yaha eka varSaparyanta calatA hai / pratyeka pratipadA ko sUrya kI chapI huI pratimA kA pUjana vihita hai / dAna pUrva vrata ke samAna hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1.341-42; vratarAja, 53 / Arogyavata-(1) isa vrata kA anuSThAna bhAdrapada zukla pakSa ke pazcAt Azvina kRSNa pakSa kI pratipadA se lekara zaradpUrNimA taka hotA hai / dina meM kamala tathA jAti-jAti ke paSpoM se aniruddha kI pUjA, havana Adi hotA hai / vrata kI samApti se pUrva tIna dina kA upavAsa vihita hai| isase svAsthya, saundarya tathA samRddhi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| de0 viSNudharmottara purANa, 3.205,1-7 / (2) yaha dazamIvrata hai| navamI ko upavAsa tathA dazamI ko lakSmI aura hari kA pUjana honA cAhie / hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1.963-965 / ArogyasaptamI-isa vrata meM mArgazIrSa zukla saptamI se pratyeka saptamI ko eka varSa taka upavAsa, sUrya ke pUjana Adi kA vidhAna hai / de0 vArAha purANa, 62.1-5 / Acika (1) sAmavedIya mantroM kI stutiyoM kA saMgraha, jo udgAtA ko kaNThastha karanA par3atA thaa| somayajJa ke vividha avasaroM para kauna mantra kisa svara meM aura kisa krama meM gAyA jAyagA, Adi kI zikSA AcArya apane ziSyoM ko dete the| 'kauthumI zAkhA' meM udgAtA ko 585 gAna sikhAye jAte the| isa pUre saMgraha ko Arthika kahate haiM / isameM do prakAra ke gAna hote haiM-pahalA 'grAmageya gAna' tathA dUsarA 'AraNya gAna' / pahalA bastiyoM meM gAyA jAtA thA, kintu dUsarA itanA pavitra mAnA jAtA thA ki usake lie kevala vanasthalI kA ekAnta hI upayukta samajhA jAtA thaa| Acika (2) sAmaveda meM Aye hue Rgveda ke mantra 'Arcika' kahe jAte haiM aura yajurveda ke mantra ( gadyAtmaka ) 'stoma' kahalAte haiN| sAmavedIya Acika grantha adhyApaka bheda, deza bheda, kAlakrama bheda, pAThakrama bheda aura uccAraNa Adi bheda se aneka zAkhAoM meM vibhakta haiM / saba zAkhAoM meM mantra eka se hI haiM, unakI saMkhyA meM vyatikrama hai| pratyeka zAkhA ke zrautasUtra, gRhyasUtra aura prAtizAkhya bhinnabhinna haiN| Acika grantha tIna hai-chanda, AraNyaka aura uttarA / uttarAcika meM eka chanda kI, eka svara kI aura eka tAtparya kI tIna-tIna RcAoM ko lekara eka-eka sUkta kara diyA gayA hai| ina sUktoM kA 'tri' nAma hai / isI ke samAna bhAvApanna do do RcAoM kI samaSTi kA nAma 'pragAtha' hai| cAhe trika ho yA pragAtha, inameM se pratyeka pahalI RcA kA chanda Acika meM se liyA gayA hai / isI chanda-Acika se eka RcA aura saba taraha se usI ke anurUpa do aura RcAoM ko milAkara trika banatA hai| isI prakAra pragAtha bhI haiN| inhIM kAraNoM se inameM jo pahalI RcAeM haiM ve saba 'yoni-Rk' kahalAtI haiM aura Acika yoni-grantha ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| yoni-Rk ke pazcAt usI ke barAbara kI do yA eka RcA jisake uttara dala meM mile usI kA nAma uttarAcika hai| isI kAraNa tIsare kA nAma uttarA hai| eka hI adhyAya kA banA haA grantha jo araNya meM hI adhyayana karane ke yogya ho 'AraNyaka' kahalAtA hai| saba vedoM meM eka-eka AraNyaka hai / yoni, uttarA aura AraNyaka inhIM tIna granthoM kA sAdhAraNa nAma Acika arthAt RksamUha hai / chanda granthoM meM jitane sAma haiM unake gAne vAle 'chandoga' kahalAte haiN| Arta bhakti-zrImadbhagavadgItA (7.16) meM bhaktoM ke cAra prakAra batalAye gaye haiM : 1. arthArthI ( artha athavA lAbha kI AzA se bhajana karane vAlA) 2. Arta ( duHkha nivAraNa ke lie bhajana karane vAlA) 3. jijJAsu ( bhagavAn ke svarUpa ko jAnane ke lie bhajana karane vAlA) 4. jJAnI (bhagavAn ke svarUpa ko jAnakara unakA cintana karane vAlA ) / yadyapi Arta bhakti kA sthAna anya prakAra kI bhakti se nicalI zreNI kA hai, tathApi Arta bhakta ko bhI bhagavAn sukRtI kahate haiN| Arta hokara bhI bhagavAn kI ora unmukha honA zreyaskara hai| bhaktizAstra ke siddhAMtagranthoM meM bhakti do prakAra kI batalAyI gayI hai-(1) parA bhakti (jisakA uddezya kevala bhakti hai aura usake badale meM kala

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Adarzana-AryasamAja 89 nahIM cAhie, aura (2) aparA bhakti (sAdhanarUpa bhkti)| Arta bhakti aparA bhakti kA hI eka upa prakAra hai| Adarzana athavA AAbhiSeka-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa pUrNimA ko hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM naTarAja ( nRtyamudrA meM bhagavAn ziva ) ke darzanArtha janasamUha cidambarama meM umar3a par3atA hai| dakSiNa bhArata kA yaha eka mahAn vrata hai| ArdrAnandakarI tRtIyA-hasta evaM mUla, pUrvASAr3ha, uttarASAr3ha abhijit nakSatroM ke dina vAlI zukla pakSa kI tRtiiyaa| varSa ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara eka varSa taka isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / isa vrata meM ziva tathA bhavAnI kA pUjana hotA hai| bhavAnI ke caraNoM se prArambha kara mukuTa taka zarIra ke pratyeka avayava ko namaskAra kiyA jAtA hai / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 1.471-474 / Arya-AryAvarta kA nivAsI, sabhya, zreSTha, sammAnya / vaidika sAhitya meM ucca vargoM ke lie vyavahRta sAdhAraNa upAdhi / kahIM-kahIM 'Arya' (athavA 'arya') vaizyoM ke lie hI surakSita samajhA gayA hai ( atharva 19.32, 8 tathA 62,1 ) / Arya zabda se mizrita upAdhiyA~ brAhmaNa aura kSatriyoM kI bhI huA karatI thIM / kintu 'zUdrAyauM' yaugika zabda kA artha aspaSTa hai / Arambha meM isakA artha sambhavataH zUdra evaM Arya thA, kyoMki mahAvrata utsava meM taittirIyabrAhmaNa meM brAhmaNa evaM zUdra ke bIca (kRtrima) yuddha karane ko kahA gayA hai, yadyapi sUtra ise vaizya ( arya ) evaM zUdra kA yuddha batalAtA hai / katipaya vidvAnoM ke mata meM yaha yuddha aura virodha prajAtIya na hokara sAMskRtika thaa| vastutaH yaha ThIka bhI jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki zUdra tathA dAsa bRhat samAja ke abhinna aGga the| 'Arya' zabda ( strIliMga AryA ) Arya jAtiyoM ke vizeSaNa, nAma, varNa, nivAsa ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| yaha zreSThatA sUcaka bhI mAnA gayA haiM : 'yo'hamAryeNa paravAna bhrAtrA jyeSThena bhAmini / ' (rAmAyaNa, dvitIya kANDa) isa prakAra maharSi bAlmIki ne Arya zabda ko zreSTha yA sammAnya ke artha meM hI prayukta kiyA hai / smati meM Arya kA nimnalikhita lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai : karttavyamAcaran kAmamakarttavyamanAcaran / tiSThati prAkRtAcAre sa tu Arya iti smRtaH / / baNazrimAnukUla kartavya meM lIna, akarttavya se vimukha AcAravAn puruSa hI Arya hai| ataH yaha siddha hai ki jo vyakti yA samudAya sadAcArasampanna, sakala viSayoM meM adhyAtma lakSya yukta, doSarahita aura dharmaparAyaNa hai, vahI Arya kahalAtA hai| AryabhaTa-guptakAla ke pramukha jyotirvida / ye gaNita aura khagola jyotiSa ke AcArya mAne jAte haiN| inake bAda ke jyotirvidoM meM varAhamihira, brahmagupta, dvitIya AryabhaTa, bhAskarAcArya, kamalAkara jaise prasiddha granthakAra hue haiN| inakA janmakAla san 476 I0 aura nivAsasthAna pATaliputra (paTanA) kahA jAtA hai / gaNita jyotiSa kA 'Arya siddhAMta' inhIM kA pracalita kiyA huA hai, jisake anusAra bhArata meM inhoMne hI sarvaprathama pRthvI ko cala siddha kiyaa| inakA prasiddha grantha 'AryabhaTIya' hai| AryasamAja-prAcIna RSiyoM ke vaidika siddhAM kI pakSapAtI prasiddha saMsthA, jisake pratiSThAtA svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI kA janma gujarAta ke bhUtapUrva moravI rAjya ke eka gA~va meM san 1824 I0 meM huA thaa| inakA prAraMbhika nAma mUlazaGkara tathA pitA kA nAma ambAzaGkara thaa| ye bAlyakAla meM zaGkara ke bhakta the| inake jIvana ko moTe taura se tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM : ( 1824-1845) ghara kA jIvana, (1845-1863) bhramaNa tathA adhyayana evaM (1863-1883) pracAra tathA sArvajanika sevA / inake prArambhika gharelU jIvana kI tIna ghaTanAe~ dhArmika mahattva kI haiM : 1. caudaha varSa kI avasthA meM mUrtipUjA ke prati vidroha ( jaba zivacaturdazI kI rAta meM inhoMne eka cUhe ko ziva kI mUrti para car3hate tathA use gandA karate dekhA ), 2. apanI bahina kI mRtyu se atyanta duHkhI hokara saMsAra tyAga karane tathA mukti prApta karane kA nizcaya aura 3. ikkIsa varSa kI Ayu meM vivAha kA avasara upasthita jAna, ghara se bhaagnaa| ghara tyAgane ke pazcAt 18 varSa taka inhoMne saMnyAsI kA jIvana bitaayaa| bahata se sthAnoM meM bhramaNa karate hue inhoMne katipaya AcAryoM se zikSA prApta kI / prathamataH vedAnta ke prabhAva meM Aye tathA AtmA evaM brahma kI ekatA ko svIkAra kiyaa| ye advaita mata meM dIkSita hue evaM inakA nAma 'zuddha caitanya' par3A / pazcAt ye saMnyAsiyoM kI caturtha zreNI meM dIkSita hue evaM yahA~ inakI pracalita upAdhi dayAnanda sarasvatI huI / phira inhoMne yoga ko apanAte hue vedAnta ke sabhI siddhAntoM ko chor3a diyaa| dayAnanda sarasvatI ke madhya jIvana kAla meM jisa mahApuruSa ne sabase bar3A dhArmika

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Arya samAja prabhAva DAlA, ve the mathurA ke prajJAcakSu svAmI virajAnanda, aktUbara san 1883 meM ajamera meM inakI ihalIlA jo vaidika sAhitya ke mAne hue vidvAn the| unhoMne samApta huI / kahA jAtA hai ki rasoie ne inako viSa de inheM veda pddh'aayaa| veda kI zikSA de cukane ke bAda diyaa| unhoMne ina zabdoM ke sAtha dayAnanda ko chuTTI dI "maiM AryasamAja ke mukhya siddhAnta nimnalikhita haiMcAhatA hU~ ki tuma saMsAra meM jAo aura manuSyoM meM jJAna 1. sabhI satya jJAna kA prArambhika kAraNa Izvara hai / kI jyoti phailaao|" saMkSepa meM inake jIvana ko hama 2. Izvara hI sarvasva satya hai, sarvajJAna hai, sarva saundarya paurANika hindutva se Arambha kara dArzanika hindutva ke hai, azarIrI hai, sarva zaktimAn hai, nyAyakArI hai, dayAlu patha para calate hue hindutva kI AdhAra zilA vaidika dharma taka hai, ajanmA hai, ananta hai, aparivartanazIla hai, anAdi hai, pahu~catA huA pAte haiN| inhoMne zaivamata evaM vedAnta kA atulanIya hai, sabakA pAlanakartA evaM sabakA svAmI hai, parityAga kiyA, sAMkhyayoga ko apanAyA jo unakA dArza- sarvavyApta hai, sarvajJa hai, ajara va amara hai, bhayarahita hai, nika lakSya thA aura isI dArzanika mAdhyama se pavitra hai evaM sRSTi kA kAraNa hai / kevala usI kI pUjA veda kI bhI vyAkhyA kii| jIvana ke antima bIsa varSa honI caahie| inhoMne janatA ko apanA saMdeza sunAne meM lgaaye| dakSiNa 3. veda hI sacce jJAnagrantha hai tathA pratyeka Arya meM bambaI se pUnA, uttara meM kalakattA se lAhaura taka kA sabase punIta kartavya hai unheM par3hanA yA sunanA evaM inhoMne apanI zikSAe~ ghUma-ghUma kara dii| paNDitoM, maula unakI zikSA dUsaroM ko denaa| viyoM evaM pAdariyoM se inhoMne zAstrArtha kiyA, jisameM kAzI 4. pratyeka prANI ko satya ko grahaNa karane evaM asatya kA zAstrArtha mahattvapUrNa thA / isa bIca inhoMne sAhityakArya ke tyAga ke lie sarvadA tatpara rahanA cAhie / bhI kiye| cAra varSa kI upadeza yAtrA ke pazcAt ye gaGgA 5. pratyeka kAma nekIpUrNa honA cAhie tathA ucita taTa para svAsthya sudhArane ke lie phira baiTha gaye / DhAI evaM anucita ke cintana ke bAda hI use karanA caahie| varSa ke bAda punaH janasevA kA kArya Arambha kiyaa| 6. AryasamAja kA prAthamika kartavya hai manuSya mAtra kI 10 apraila san 1875 meM bambaI meM inhoMne AryasamAja zArIrika, Atmika evaM sAmAjika unnati dvArA vizvakI sthApanA kii| 1877 meM dillI darabAra ke avasara kalyANa karanA / para dillI jAkara paMjAba ke kucha bhadrajanoM se bhI mile, jinhoMne inheM paMjAba Ane kA nimantraNa diyaa| yaha unakI 7. hara eka ke prati nyAya, prema evaM usakI yogyatA ke paMjAba kI pahalI yAtrA thI, jahA~ inakA mata bhaviSya meM anusAra vyavahAra karanA cAhie / khUba phUlA-phalA / 1878-1881 ke madhya AryasamAja evaM 8. andhakAra ko dUra kara jJAna jyoti ko phailAnA thiyosaoNphikala sosAiTI kA bar3A hI sundara bhAIcArA caahie| ra / / kintu zIghra hI donoM meM Izvara ke vyaktitva ke Upara 9. kisI ko bhI kevala apanI hI bhalAI se santuSTa matabheda ho gyaa| nahIM honA cAhie apitu apanI unnati kA sambandha dUsaroM __svAmI dayAnanda bhArata ke anya dhArmika cintakoM, kI unnati se jor3anA cAhie / jaise devendranAtha ThAkUra, kezavacandra sena ( brahmasamAja ), 10. sAdhAraNa samAjonnati yA samAja kalyANa ke maiDama blauvATskI evaM karnala AlakaoNTa ( thiyosaoNphikala sambandha meM manuSya ko apanA matAntara tyAganA tathA apanI sosAiTI ), bholAnAtha sArAbhAI ( prArthanAsamAja), sara vyaktigata bAtoM ko bhI chor3a denA caahie| kintu vyaktisaiyada (riphAI islAma ) evaM DaoN0 TI0 je0 skATa gata vizvAsoM meM manuSya ko svatantratA baratanI cAhie / tathA re0 je0 gre (IsAI pratinidhi) se bhI mile / jIvana Upara ke dasa siddhAntoM meM se prathama tIna jo Izvara ke ke antima dinoM meM svAmIjI rAjasthAna meM the| Apane astitva, svabhAva tathA vaidika sAhitya ke siddhAnta ko mahArAja jodhapura tathA anya rAjAoM para acchA prabhAva darzAte haiM, dhArmika siddhAnta haiN| antima sAta naitika DAlA / kucha dinoM bAda svAmIjI bImAra par3e evaM 30 siddhAMta hai / Arya samAja kA dharmavijJAna veda ke Upara

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Arya samAja avalambita hai| svAmIjI veda ko IzvarIya jJAna mAnate the aura dharma ke sambandha meM antima pramANa / AryasamAja ke saMsthApaka svAmI dayAnanda ne dekhA ki deza meM apane hI vibhinna matoM va sampradAyoM ke atirikta videzI islAma evaM IsAI dharma bhI jar3a pakar3a rahe haiN| dayAnanda ke samAne yaha samasyA thI ki kaise bhAratIya dharma kA sudhAra kiyA jAya kisa prakAra prAcIna evaM arvAcIna kA tathA pazcima evaM pUrva ke dharma va vicAroM kA samanvaya kiyA jAya, jisase bhAratIya gaurava phira sthApita ho ske| isakA samAdhAna svAmI dayAnanda ne 'veda' ke siddhAntoM meM khoja nikAlA, jo Izvara ke zabda haiM / svAmI dayAnanda ke vaidika siddhAnta ko saMkSepa meM isa prakAra samajhA jA sakatA hai - 'veda' zabda kA artha jJAna hai / yaha Izvara kA jJAna hai isalie pavitra evaM pUrNa hai / Izvara kA siddhAnta do prakAra se vyakta kiyA gayA hai -1. cAra vedoM ke rUpa meM, jo cAra RSiyoM ( agni, vAyu, sUrya evaM aGga ) ko sRSTi ke Arambha meM avagata hue / 2. prakRti yA vizva ke rUpa meM, jo vedavihita siddhAntoM ke anusAra utpanna huaa| vaidika sAhitya-sanya evaM prakRti-pranya se yahA~ sAmya prakaTa hotA hai / svAmI dayAnanda kahate haiM, "maiM vedoM ko svataH pramANita satya mAnatA huuN| ye saMzayarahita haiM evaM dUsare kisI adhikArI grantha para nirbhara nahIM rahate / ye prakRti kA pratinidhitva karate haiM, jo Izvara kA sAmrAjya hai / vaidika sAhitya ke Arya siddhAnta ko yahA~ saMkSepa meM diyA jAtA hai- 1. veda Izvara dvArA vyakta kiye gaye hai jaisA ki prakRti ke unake sambandha se pramANita hai| 2. veda hI kevala Izvara dvArA vyakta kiye gaye hai kyoMki dUsare grantha prakRti ke sAtha yaha sambandha nahIM darzAte / 3. ve vijJAna evaM manuSya ke sabhI dharmoM ke mUla srota haiM / AryasamAja ke kartavyoM meM se siddhAntataH vo mahattvapUrNa haiM: 1. bhArata ko ( bhUle hue) vaidika patha para punaH calAnA aura 2. vaidika zikSAoM ko sampUrNa vizva meM prasArita karanA / svAmI dayAnanda ne apane siddhAntoM ko vyAvahArikatA dene, apane dharma ko phailAne tathA bhArata va vizva ko jAgrata karane ke lie jisa saMsthA kI sthApanA kI use 'Arya samAja' kahate haiM / 'Arya' kA artha hai bhadra evaM 'samAja' 91 kA artha hai sabhA / ataH AryasamAja kA artha hai 'bhadrajanoM kA samAja' yA 'bhadrasabhA' / Arya prAcIna bhArata kA dezapremapUrNa evaM dhArmika nAma hai jo bhadra puruSoM ke lie prayoga meM AtA thaa| svAmIjI ne dezabhakti kI bhAvanA jagAne ke lie yaha nAma cunA / yaha dhArmika se bhI adhika sAmAjika evaM rAjanItika mahattva rakhatA hai / isa prakAra yaha anya dhArmika evaM sudhAravAdI saMsthAoM se bhinnatA rakhatA hai, jaise- brahmasamAja ( Izvara kA samAja ), prArthanA - samAja Adi / svAmI dayAnanda kI mRtyu se aba taka kI ghaTanAoM meM samAja kA do daloM meM ba~TanA eka mukhya parivartana hai| isa vibhAjana ke do kAraNa the : (ka) bhojana meM mAMsa ke upayoga para matabheda aura (sa) ucca zikSA ke sambandha meM ucita nIti sambandhI matabheda pahale kAraNa se utpanna hue do varga 'mAMsabhakSI dala' evaM 'zAkAhArI dala kahalAte haiM tathA dUsare kAraNa se utpanna do dala 'kaoNleja pArTI' evaM 'mahAtmA pArTI' (prAcIna paddhati para calane vAle ) kahalAte haiM / ye matabheda eka aura bhI gaharA matabheda upasthita karate haiM jisakA sambandha svAmI dayAnanda kI zikSAoM kI mAnyatA ke pariNAma se hai / isa dRSTi se kaoNleja pArTI adhika Adhunika aura udAra hai, jabaki mahAtmA pArTI kA dRSTikoNa adhika prAcInatAvAdI hai / kaoNlija pArTI ne lAhaura meM eka mahAvidyAlaya dayAnanda aiMglovedika kaoNleja' kI sthApanA kI, jabaki mahAtmA pArTI ne haridvAra meM 'gurukula' sthApita kiyA, jisameM prAcIna siddhAntoM tathA AdarzoM para vizeSa bala diyA jAtA rahA hai| saMghaTana kI dRSTi se isameM tIna prakAra ke samAja haiM1. sthAnIya samAja, 2. prAntIya samAja aura 3. sArvadezika samAja / sthAnIya samAja kI sadasyatA ke lie nimnalikhita niyamAvalI hai--1. Arya samAja ke dasa niyamoM meM vizvAsa, 2 veda kI svAmI dayAnanda dvArA kI huI vyAkhyAdi meM vizvAsa 3 sadasya kI Ayu kama se kama 18 varSa honI cAhie, 4. dvijoM ke lie vizeSa dIkSA saMskAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai kintu IsAI tathA musalamAnoM ke lie eka zuddhi saMskAra kI vyavasthA hai / sthAnIya sadasya do prakAra ke haiM-prathama, jinheM mata dene kA adhikAra nahIM, arthAt asthAyI sadasya dvitIya, jinheM

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92 Arya samAja-AryAvarta mata dene kA adhikAra prApta hai, jo sthAyI sadasya hote haiN| tho, yadyapi ajamera meM svAmI dayAnanda kI nirmANasthalI asthAyitva kAla eka varSa kA hotA hai| sahAnubhUti evaM vaidika-yantrAlaya (presa) hone se vaha lAhaura kA pratidarzAne vAloM kI bhI eka alaga zreNI hai| dvandvI thA / lAhaura ke pAkistAna meM cale jAne ke pazcAt sthAnIya samAja ke nimnAMkita padAdhikArI hote hai- AryasamAja kA mukhya kendra Ajakala dillI hai| sabhApati, upasabhApati, maMtrI, kozAdhyakSa aura pustakAlayA- _jahA~ taka isake bhaviSya kA prazna hai, kucha ThIka nahIM dhykss| ye sabhI sthAyI sadasyoM dvArA unameM se hI cune jAte kahA jA sktaa| yaha uttara bhArata kI sabase mUla sudhArahaiM / prAntIya samAja ke padAdhikArI inhIM samAjoM ke prati- vAdI evaM lokapriya saMsthA hai| strIzikSA, harijanasevA, nidhi evaM bheje hue sadasya hote haiN| sthAnIya samAja ke / azpRzyatA-nivAraNa evaM dusare sudhAroM meM yaha pragatizIla pratyeka bIsa sadasya ke pIche eka sadasya ko prAntIya samAja hai / vedoM ko sabhI dharma kA mUla AdhAra evaM vizva ke meM pratinidhitva karane kA adhikAra hai| isa prakAra isakA vijJAna kA srota batAte hue, yaha dezabhakti ko bhI sthApanA, gaThana pratinidhimUlaka hai| karatA hai / isake sadasyoM meM se aneka aise haiM jo vAstavika pUjA paddhati-sAptAhika dhArmika satsaMga pratyeka ravivAra dezahitaiSI evaM dezapremI hai| zikSA tathA sAmAjika ko prAtaH hotA hai, kyoMki sarakArI karmacArI isa dina sudhAra dvArA yaha bhArata kA khoyA huA pUrva-gaurava lAnA chuTTI para hote haiN| yaha satsaMga tIna yA cAra ghaNTe kA cAhatA hai| hotA hai / bhASaNa karane vAle ke ThIka sAmane pUjAsthAna meM AryAvarta-isakA zAbdika artha hai 'AryA Avartante'tra' - vaidika agnikuNDa rahatA hai| dhArmika pUjA havana ke sAtha Arya jahA~ samyak prakAra se basate hai / isakA dUsarA artha prArambha hotI hai| sAtha hI vaidika mantroM kA pATha hotA hai 'puNyabhUmi' / manusmRti (2.22) meM AryAvarta kI parihai / pazcAt prArthanA hotI hai| phira dayAnanda-sAhitya kA bhASA isa prakAra dI huI hai : pravacana hotA hai, jisakA anta samAjagAna se hotA hai| ___ AsamudrAttu vai pUrvAdAsamudrAttu pazcimAt / isameM sthAyI purohita yA AcArya nahIM hotaa| yogya tayorevAntaraM giryorAryAvataM vidurbadhAH // sadasya apane krama se pradhAna vaktA yA pUjA-saMcAlaka kA [pUrva meM samudra taka aura pazcima meM samudra taka, (uttara sthAna grahaNa karate haiN| dakSiNa meM himAlaya, vindhyAcala) donoM parvatoM ke bIca kAryapraNAlI-Arya samAja dUsare pracAravAdI dharmoM ke antarAla (pradeza) ko vidvAn AryAvarta kahate haiM / ] medhAsamAna bhASaNa, zikSA, samAcAra patra Adi kI sahAyatA se tithi manusmRti ke uparyukta zloka kA bhASya karate hae apanA mata-pracAra karatA hai| do prakAra ke zikSaka hai, likhate haiM : prathama vetanabhogI aura dvitIya, avaitanika / avaitanika meM "AryA Avartante tatra punaH punarudbhavanti / sthAnIya vakIla, adhyApaka, vyApArI, DAkTara Adi AkramyAkramyApi na ciraM tatra mlecchAH sthAtAro bhavanti / " loga hote haiM, jabaki vetanabhogI sampUrNa samaya dene vAle [Arya vahA~ basate haiM, punaH punaH unnati ko prApta zAstrajJa aura vidvAn pracAraka hote haiN| pahalA dala zikSA hote haiN| kaI bAra AkramaNa karake bhI mleccha (videzI) para jora detA hai; dUsarA dala upadeza aura saMskAra para sthira rUpa se vahA~ nahIM basa pAte / ] bala detA hai| AryasamAja kA pratyeka saMgaThana kucha Ajakala yaha samajhA jAtA hai ki isake uttara meM hAIskUla, gurukula, anAthAlaya Adi kI vyavasthA himAlaya zRMkhalA, dakSiNa meM vindhyamekhalA, pUrva meM pUrvakaratA hai| sAgara (vaMga AkhAta) aura pazcima meM pazcima payodhi yaha mukhyataH uttara bhAratIya dhArmika Andolana hai yadyapi (araba sAgara) hai| uttara bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI janapada isake kucha kendra dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI haiN| baramA tathA pUrvI isameM sammilita hai / parantu kucha vidvAnoM ke vicAra meM aphrIkA, mArIzasa, phIjI Adi meM bhI isako zAkhAe~ himAlaya kA artha hai pUrI himAlaya zRGkhalA, jo prazAnta hai jo vahA~ base hue bhAratIyoM ke bIca kArya karatI haiN| mahAsAgara se bhUmadhya mahAsAgara taka phailI huI hai aura Arya samAja kA kendra evaM dhArmika rAjadhAnI lAhaura meM jisake dakSiNa meM sampUrNa pazcimI eziyA aura dakSiNa

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ArSAnukramaNI-Azrama pUrva eziyA ke pradeza sammilita the / ina pradezoM meM sAmI Azmarathya AcArya-vedAnta ke vyAkhyAtA prAcIna AcArya / aura kirAta prajAti bAda meM Akara basa gyii| vedAntasUtra ( 1 / 2 / 21; 1 / 4 / 20 ) meM jo inake ArSAnukramaNI-zaunaka RSi praNIta eka vaidika anukramaNI mata kA ullekha AyA hai usase AcArya zaGkara tathA bhAmagrantha / Rgveda ke samasta sUkta saMkhyA meM 1028 haiM / inameM se tokAra vAcaspati mizra ne inheM viziSTAdvaitavAdI siddha 'bAlakhilya' nAmaka 11 sUktoM para sAyaNAcArya kA bhASya kiyA hai / ataH ye vedavyAsa aura jaimini se pahale hue the| hai / zaunaka RSi kI ArSAnukramaNI meM unakA ullekha inakA mata hai ki paramezvara ananta hone para bhI upAsaka pAyA jAtA hai| ke Upara anugraha karane ke lie prAdezamAtra sthAna meM AviArSeya brahmANa-sAmaveda kI jaiminIya saMhitA kA eka bhUta hote haiM aura vijJAnAtmA evaM paramAtmA meM paraspara brAhmaNa / sAyaNAcArya ne isakA bhI bhASya kiyA hai| isa bhedAbheda-sambandha hai / kahA jAtA hai ki Azmarathya ke isa grantha meM RSi sambandhI upadeza hai, arthAt sAmoM ke RSi, bhedAbheda kI hI Age calakara yAdavaprakAza ke dvArA puSTi chanda, devatA ityAdi para vyAkhyA aura vicAra hai / sAtha haI hai / isake anusAra AtmA na to ekAntataH brahma se hI kaI dhArmika tathA paurANika kathAeM pAyI jAtI haiN| bhinna hai aura na abhinna hai / svAmI nimbArkAcArya tathA saMskRta ke kathA-sAhitya kI prAcIna paramparA isameM bhAskarAcArya dvArA prastuta vedAntasUtra ke bhASya meM bhI surakSita haiN| Azmarathya ke bhedAbhedavAda kA poSaNa huA hai| AlekhyasarpapaJcamI (nAgapaJcamI)-uttara bhArata meM zrAvaNa Azrama-jina do saMsthAoM ke Upara hindU samAja kA saMgazakla paJcamI ko tathA dakSiNa bhArata meM (amAnta gaNanA Thana huA hai ve haiM varNa aura Azrama / varNa kA AdhAra manuSya ke anusAra) bhAdra zukla paMcamI ko yaha vrata hotA hai| kI prakRti athavA usakI mUla pravRttiyA~ hai, jisake anusAra raMgIna cUrNoM se kisI sthAna para nAgoM kI AkRtiyA~ vaha jIvana meM apane prayatnoM aura kartavyoM kA cunAva karatA banAkara unakA pUjana karanA caahie| pariNAmasvarUpa hai / Azrama kA AdhAra saMskRti athavA vyaktijata jIvana nAgoM ke bhaya se mukti hotI hai| de0 bhaviSyat purANa kA saMskAra karanA hai / manuSya janmanA anagar3ha aura asaMskRta (brAhma parva, 37.1-3) / hotA hai; kramazaH saMskAra se vaha prabuddha aura saMskRta bana Avasatha-isakA ThIka artha atithi-svAgatazAlA athavA jAtA hai / sampUrNa mAnavajIvana moTe taura para cAra vikAsasthAna hai (atharva0 9.6,5) / isakA sambandha vizeSa rUpa kramoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai-(1) bAlya aura kizorAse brAhmaNa evaM dUsaroM se thA, jo bhoja tathA yajJoM ke ava vasthA, (2) yauvana, (3) prauDhAvasthA aura (4) vRddhAvasthA / sara para Ate the| yaha prAyaH Adhunika dharmazAlA athavA inhIM ke anurUpa cAra AzramoM kI kalpanA kI gayI thI, yAtrInivAsa ke samAna thaa| isakA prayoga nivAsasthAna jo (1) brahmacarya, (2) gArhasthya,(3) vAnaprastha aura saMnyAsa ke sAdhAraNa artha meM bhI hotA jAna par3atA hai (ai0 kahalAte haiN| AzramoM ke nAma aura krama meM kahIM kahIM antara upa0 3.12) / pAyA jAtA hai| Apastamba dharmasUtra (2.9.21,1) ke anusAra AzAdazamI vrata-kisI mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dazamI ko gArhasthya, AcAryakula (brahmacarya ), mauna aura vAnaprastha prArambha kara cha: mAsa, eka varSa athavA do varSa taka gRha cAra Azrama the| gautamadharmasUtra (3.2) meM brahmacArI, gRhake prAGgaNa meM dasa koSThaka khIMcakara unameM bhagavAn kA stha, bhikSu aura vaikhAnasa cAra AzramoM ke nAma haiM / vasiSThapUjana karanA caahie| isase vratI kI samasta AzAoM dharmasUtra (7.1-2) brahmacArI, gRhastha, vAnaprastha aura tathA kAmanAoM kI pUrti hotI hai / de0 hemAdri, vrata khaNDa parivrAjaka kA ullekha karatA hai| 1. 977-981; vratarAja 356-7 / AzramoM kA sambandha vikAsa karma ke sAtha-sAtha jIvana AzAditya vrata-Azvina mAsa ke ravivAra ko vrata kA ke maulika uddezya dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa se bhI thAanuSThAna prArambha kara eka varSaparyanta sUrya kA usake ___ brahmacarya kA sambandha mukhyataH dharma arthAt saMyama-niyama se, bAraha vibhinna nAmoM se pUjana honA cAhie / de0 hemAdri, gArhasthya kA sambandha artha-kAma se, vAnaprastha kA sambandha vratakhaNDa, 533-37 / uparAma aura mokSa kI taiyArI se aura saMnyAsa kA sambandha

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AzramopaniSad mokSa se thA / isa prakAra uddezyoM athavA puruSArthoM ke sAtha santAna utpatti dvArA pitRRNa, yajJa dvArA devaRNa aura Azrama kA abhinna sambandha hai / nitya svAdhyAya dvArA RSiRNa cukAnA cAhie (manusmRti, jIvana kI isa prakriyA ke lie 'Azrama' zabda kA 5.169) / vAnaprastha Azrama meM sAMsArika kAryoM se udAcunAva bahuta hI upayukta thA / yaha zabda 'zram' dhAtu se sIna hokara tapa, svAdhyAya, yajJa, dAna Adi ke dvArA vana meM banA hai, jisakA artha hai "zrama karanA, athavA pauruSa dikha- jIvana vitAnA cAhie ( manusmRti 6. 1-2) / vAnaprastha lAnA" (amarakoza, bhAnujI dIkSita ) / sAmAnyataH samApta karake saMnyAsa Azrama meM praveza karanA hotA hai| isake tIna artha pracalita hai-(1) vaha sthiti athavA sthAna isameM sAMsArika sambandhoM kA pUrNataH tyAga aura parivrajana jisameM zrama kiyA jAtA hai, (2) svayaM zrama athavA tapasyA ( anAgArika hokara eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para ghUmate aura (3) vizrAmasthAna / rahanA) vihita hai (manu0-6.33) / de0 pRthak-pRthak vibhinna vAstava meM Azrama jIvana kI ve avasthAeM haiM jinameM Azrama / manuSya zrama, sAdhanA aura tapasyA karatA hai aura eka ava- varNa aura Azrama manuSya ke sampUrNa kartavyoM kA samAhAra sthA kI upalabdhiyoM ko prApta kara tathA inase vizrAma karate haiM / parantu jahA~ varNa manuSya ke sAmAjika kartavyoM lekara jIvana ke AgAmI par3Ava kI ora prasthAna kA vidhAna karatA hai vahA~ Azrama usake vyaktigata kartavyoM karatA hai| kaa| Azrama vyaktigata jIvana kI vibhinna vikAsa-saraNiyoM __ manu ke anusAra manuSya kA jIvana sau varSa kA honA kA nidezana karatA hai aura manuSya ko isa bAta kA bodha cAhie ( zatAyurvaM puruSaH ) ataeva cAra AzramoM kA vibhA- karAtA hai ki usake jIvana kA uddezya kyA hai, usako jana 25-25 varSa kA honA cAhie / pratyeka manuSya ke jIvana prApta karane ke lie usako jIvana kA kisa prakAra meM cAra avasthAe svAbhAvika rUpa se hotI haiM aura manuSya saMghaTana karanA cAhie aura kina kina sAdhanoM kA upayoga ko cAroM AzramoM ke kartavyoM kA yathAvat pAlana karanA karanA cAhiye / vAstava meM jIvana kI yaha anupama aura cAhie / parantu kucha aise sampradAya prAcIna kAla meM the uccatama kalpanA aura yojanA hai| anya dezoM ke itihAsa aura Aja bhI haiM jo niyamataH inakA pAlana karanA Ava- meM isa prakAra kI jIvana-yojanA nahIM pAyI jAtI hai / zyaka nahIM samajhataM / inake mata ko "bAdha' kahA gayA hai / prasiddha vidvAn DaoNyasana ne isake sambandha meM likhA hai : kucha sampradAya AzramoM ke pAlana meM vikalpa mAnate haiM "hama yaha kaha nahIM sakate ki manusmRti tathA anya smRarthAt unake anusAra Azrama ke krama athavA saMkhyA meM tiyoM meM varNita jIvana kI yaha yojanA kahA~ taka vyAvahAheraphera ho sakatA hai| parantu santulita vicAradhArA rika jIvana meM kAryAnvita huI thii| parantu hama yaha svIkAra AzramoM ke samuccaya meM vizvAsa karatI AyI hai / isake karane meM svatantra haiM ki hamAre mata meM mAnava jAti ke anusAra cAroM AzramoM kA pAlana krama se honA caahie| sampUrNa itihAsa meM aisI koI vicAradhArA nahIM hai jo jIvana ke prathama caturthAMza meM brahmacarya, dviyIya caturthAMza meM isa vicAra kI mahattA kI samatA kara ske|" ( de0 gArhasthya, tRtIya caturthAMza meM vAnaprastha aura antima catu- 'Azrama' zabda, 'inasAiklopIDiyA, relijana aura IthithAMza meM saMnyAsa kA pAlana karanA caahie| isake abhAva ksa' meM / ) meM sAmAjika jIvana kA santulana bhaMga hokara mithyAcAra Azramavrata-caitra zukla caturthI ko prArambha kara varSa ko cAraathavA bhraSTAcAra kI vRddhi hotI hai| cAra mahInoM ke tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake pUre varSa vibhinna AzramoM ke kartavyoM kA vistRta varNana Azrama- isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, dharma ke rUpa se smRtiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / saMkSepa meM manu- pradyamna tathA aniruddha kA varSa ke pratyeka bhAga meM kramazaH pAzramoM ke kartavya nIce diye jA rahe haiM-brahmacarya pUjana honA caahie| de0 viSNadharmottara parANa, 3.142. Azrama meM gurukula meM nivAsa karate hue vidyArjana aura vrata 1-7 / kA pAlana karanA cAhie ( manusmRti, 4.1) / dUsare AzramopaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSada, jisameM saMnyAsI kI Azrama gArhasthya meM vivAha karake ghara basAnA cAhie; pUrvAvasthA kA vizada varNana hai| isase saMnyAsI kI sAMsA

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AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra-ASADhakRtya rika jIvana se vidAI, usakI vezabhUSA, dusarI AzvakatAe~, bhojana, nivAsa, evaM kAryAdi para vistRta prakAza pdd'taa| hai / saMnyAsa sambandhI upaniSadoM, yathA brahma saMnyAsa, Aru- Neya, kaThazruti, paramahaMsa tathA jAbAla meM bhI aisA hI pUrNa vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| AzvalAyanagRhyasUtra--Rgveda ke gRhyasUtroM meM eka / isakI racanA karane vAle RSi azvala athavA AzvalAyana the,| isameM gRhyasaMskAroM, Rtu yajJoM tathA utsavoM kA savistara varNana hai| AzvalAyanagRhmapariziSTa-AzvalAyana dvArA racita Rgveda ke anupUraka karmakANDa se sambandha rakhanevAlA yaha pari- ziSTa grantha hai| AzvalAyanazrautasUtra- sUtroM kI racanA karmakANDa viSayaka hai| inheM kalpasatra bhI kahate haiM / Rgveda ke zrautasatroM meM sabase pahalA 'AzvalAyanasUtra' samajhA jAtA hai| yaha bAraha adhyAyoM meM hai / aitareya brAhmaNa ke sAtha AzvalAyana kA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| azvala RSi videharAja janaka ke RtvijoM meM hotA' the| kisI kisI kA kahanA hai ki ye hI ina sUtroM ke pravartaka the, isIlie inakA AzvalAyana nAma par3A / kucha loga AzvalAyana ko pANini kA samakAlIna batalAte haiM / bhAratIya vidvAn isa dUsarI kalpanA ko nahIM mAnate / aitareya AraNyaka ke cauthe kANDa ke praNetA kA nAma bhI AzvalAyana hai / AzvalAyana ke guru 'prAtizAkhyasUtra' ke racayitA zaunaka kahe jAte haiN| AzvinakRtya-Azvina mAsa meM aneka vrata tathA utsava hote haiM, jinameM se mukhya kRtyoM kA ullekha yathAsthAna kiyA jAyagA / yahA~ kucha kA hI ullekha hogA / viSNudharmasUtra (90.24.25) meM spaSTa ka aa gayA hai ki yadi koI vyakti isa mAsa meM pratidina ghRta kA dAna kare to vaha na kevala azvinI ko santuSTa karegA apitu saundarya bhI prApta karegA / brAhmaNoM ko godugdha athavA godugdha se banI anya vastuoM sahita bhojana karAne se use rAjya kI prApti hogii| isI mAsa kI zukla pakSa kI pratipadA ko pautra dvArA, jisake pitA jIvita hoM, apane pitAmaha tathA pitAmahI ke zrAddha kA vidhAna hai / usI dina navarAtra prArambha hotA hai| zukla pakSa kI caturthI ko satI ( bhagavatI pArvatI) kA pUjana karanA cAhie / adhya, madhuparka, puSpa ityAdi vastuoM : dvArA dhArmika, pativratA tathA sadhavA striyoM ke prati kramazaH, jinameM mAtA-bahina tathA anya pUjya sabhI striyA~ A jAtI haiM, sammAna pradarzita kiyA jAnA cAhie / paJcamI ke dina kuza ke banAye hue nAga tathA indrANI kA pUjana karanA cAhie / zukla pakSa kI kisI zubha tithi tathA kalyANakArI nakSatra aura muhUrta meM sudhAnya se paripUrita kSetra meM jAkara saMgIta tathA nRtya kA vidhAna hai| vahIM para havana ityAdi karake nava dhAnya kA dahI ke sAtha sevana karanA cAhie / navIna aMgUra bhI khAne kA vidhAna hai| zukla pakSa meM jisa samaya svAti nakSatra ho usa dina sUrya tathA ghor3e kI pUjA kI jAya, kyoMki isI dina uccaiH -zravA sUrya ko Dhokara le gayA thaa| zukla pakSa meM usa dina jisameM mUla nakSatra ho, sarasvatI kA AvAhana karake, pUrvASAr3ha nakSatra meM granthoM meM usakI sthApanA karake, uttarASAr3ha meM naivedyAdi kI bheMTakara, zravaNa meM usakA visarjana kara diyA jAya / usa dina anadhyAya rahe; likhanA par3hanA, adhyApanAdi saba vajita hai| tamila nADu meM Azvina zukla navamI ke dina granthoM meM sarasvatI kI sthApanA karake pUjA kI jAtI hai / tulA mAsa (Azvina mAsa) kAverI meM snAna karane ke lie bar3A pavitra mAnA gayA hai / amAvasyA ke dina bhI kAverI nadI meM eka vizeSa snAna kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| de0 nirNayasindhu, puruSArthacintAmaNi, smRtikaustubha Adi / ASADhakRtya-ASADha mAsa ke dhArmika kRtyoM tathA prasiddha vratoM kA ullekha yathAsthAna kiyA gayA hai| yahA~ kucha choTe vratoM kA ullekha kiyA jAyagA / mAsa ke antargata ekabhakta vrata tathA khar3AU~, chAtA, namaka tathA AvaloM kA brAhmaNa ko dAna karanA caahie| isa dAna se vAmana bhagavAna kI nizcaya hI kRpAdRSTi hogii| yaha kArya yA to ASAr3ha mAsa ke prathama dina ho athavA suvidhAnusAra kisI bhI dina / ASAr3ha zukla dvitIyA ko yadi puSya nakSatra ho to kRSNa, balarAma tathA subhadrA kA rathotsava nikAlA jAya / zukla pakSa kI saptamI ko vaivasvata sUrya kI pUjA honI cAhie, jo pUrvASAr3ha ko prakaTa huA thA / aSTamI ke dina mahiSAsuramardinI bhagavatI durgA ko haridrA, kapUra tathA candana se yukta jala meM snAna karAnA caahie| tadanantara kumArI kanyAoM aura brAhmaNoM ko susvAdu madhura bhojana karAyA jAya / tatpazcAt dIpa jalAnA caahie| dazamI ke dina varalakSmI vrata tamilanADu meM atyanta prasiddha hai / ma

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Asana-Asura ekAdazI tathA dvAdazI ke dina bhI upavAsa, pUjana Adi kA vidhAna hai| ASADhI pUrNimA kA candramA bar3A pavitra hai / ataeva usa dina dAnapuNya avazya honA caahie| yadi saMyoga se pUrNimA ke dina uttarASAr3ha nakSatra ho to dasa vizvedevoM kA pUjana kiyA jAnA cAhie / pUrNimA ke dina khAdya kA dAna karane se kabhI na bhrAnta hone vAlA viveka tathA buddhi prApta hotI hai / de0 viSNudharmottara purANa / Asana-(1) Asana zabda kA artha hai baiThanA athavA zarIra kI eka vizeSa prakAra kI sthiti / hasta-caraNa Adi ke vizeSa saMsthAna se isakA rUpa banatA hai / 'aSTAGgayoga' kA yaha tIsarA aGga hai / pataJjali ke anusAra Asana kI paribhASA hai 'sthirasukhamAsanam' arthAt jisa zArIrika sthiti se sthira sukha mile| parantu Age calakara AsanoM kA bar3A vikAsa huA aura inakI saMkhyA 84 taka pahu~ca gyii| inameM do adhika prayukta haiM: 'eka siddhAsanaM nAma dvitIyaM kamalAsanam' / dhyAna ko ekagratA ke lie Asana tathA prANAyAma sAdhana mAtra haiM, kintu kramazaH inakA mahatva bar3hatA gayA aura ye pradarzana ke upakaraNa bana gye| tantrasAra meM nimnAMkita pA~ca Asana prasiddha haiM: padmAsanaM svastikAkhyaM bhadra vajrAsanaM tathA / vIrAsanamiti proktaM kramAdAsanapaJcakam / / [ padmAsana, svastikAsana, bhadrAsana vajrAsana tathA vIrAsana ye kramazaH pA~ca Asana kahe jAte haiM / ] inakI vidhi isa prakAra hai : Urvorupari vinyasya samyak pAdatale ubhe / aGgaSThau ca nibadhnIyAd hastAbhyAM vyutkramAttathA // padmAsanamiti proktaM yoginAM hRdayaGgamam / / 1 / / jAnorantare samyak kRtvA pAdatale ubhe / RjukAyo vizenmantrI svastikaM tatpracakSate // 2 // sImanyAH pArzvayonya'sya gulphayugmaM sunizcalam / vRSaNAdhaH pAdapASNi pANibhyAM paribandhayet / bhadrAsanaM samuddiSTaM yogibhiH sArakalpitam / / 3 / / UrvoH pAdau kramAnnyasyet kRtvA prtyngmukhaangglii| karau nidadhyAdAkhyAtaM vajrAsanamanuttamam // 4 // ekapAdamadhaH kRtvA vinyasyorau tathetaram / RjukAyo vizenmantrI vIrAsanamitIritam // 5 // (2) gorakhanAthI sampradAya, jo eka nayI praNAlI ke yoga kA utthAna thA, bhArata ke kucha bhAgoM meM pracalita huaa| kintu yaha prAcIna yogapraNAlI se mila nahIM skaa| ise haThayoga kahate haiM tathA isakA sabase mahatvapUrNa aGga hai-zarIra kI kucha kriyAoM dvArA zuddhi, kucha zArIrika vyAyAma tathA mastiSka kA mahat kendrIkaraNa (smaadhi)| inameM bahasaMkhyaka zArIrika AsanoM kA prayoga karAyA jAtA hai| (3) upavezana ke AdhAra pIThAdi ko bhI Asana kahA jAtA hai / yaha solaha prakAra ke pUjA-upacAroM meM se hai / kAlikApurANa (a067) meM ina AsanoM kA vidhAna aura vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai : upacArAn pravakSyAmi zRNu SoDaza bhairava / yaH samyak tuSyate devI devo'pyanyo hi bhaktitaH / / AsanaM prathamaM dadyAt pauSpaM dArujameva vA / vAstraM vA cArmaNaM kozaM maNDalasyottare sRjet / / [he bhairava, suno| maiM solaha upacAroM kA varNana kara rahA hU~ jinase devI tathA anya deva prasanna hote haiN| inameM Asana prathama hai jisakA arpaNa karanA cAhie / Asana kaI prakAra ke hote hai, jaise pauSpa ( puSpa kA banA huA), dAruja ( kASTha kA banA huA ), vAstra ( vastra kA banA huA), cArmaNa (camar3e, yathA ajina Adi kA banA huA), kauza (kuzanirmita) / ina AsanoM ko maNDala ke uttara meM banAnA (rakhanA) caahie|] Asura-(1) asurabhAva saMyukta athavA asura se sambandha rakhanevAlA / brAhma Adi ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM meM se bhI eka kA nAma Asura hai| manusmRti (3.31) meM isakI paribhASA isa prakAra kI gayI hai : jJAtibhyo draviNaM dattvA kanyAya caiva zaktitaH / kanyApra dAnaM svAcchandyAdAsuro dharma ucyate // [ kanyA kI jAtivAloM (mAtA, pitA, bhAI, bandhu Adi) ko athavA svayaM kanyA ko hI dhana dekara svacchandatApUrvaka kanyApradAna (vivAha) karanA Asura (dharma) kahalAtA hai|] ___ isa prakAra ke vivAha ko bhI dharmasaMmata kahA gayA hai, kyoMki yaha paizAca vivAha kI pAzavikatA, rAkSasa vivAha kI hiMsA aura gAndharva vivAha kI kAmukatA se mukta hai| parantu phira bhI yaha aprazasta kahA gayA hai / kanyAdAna eka prakAra kA yajJa mAnA gayA hai, jisameM kanyA kA pitA athavA usakA abhibhAvaka hI yajamAna hai| usake dvArA

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Asuri-AhavanIya 97 kisI prakAra kA bhI pratigraha nindanIya hai| isalie jaba kanyAdAna kA yajJa ke rUpa meM mahatva bar3hA to Asura vivAha kanyAvikraya ke samAna duSita samajhA jAne lgaa| anya aprazasta vivAhoM kI taraha kevala gaNanA ke lie isakA ullekha hotA hai / de0 'vivAha' / (2) zrImadbhagavadgItA (a0 16) meM samasta jIvadhArI (bhUtasarga) do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| ve haiM daiva aura Asura / Asura kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : dvau bhUtasauM loke'smin daiva Asura eva ca / devo vistarazaH proktaH AsuraM pArtha me zRNu / pravRttiJca nivRttiJca janA na vidurAsurAH / na zaucaM nApi cAcAro na satyaM teSu vidyate // asatyamapratiSThante jagadAhuranIzvaram / aparasparasambhUtaM kimantyatkAmahetukam / / etAM dRSTimavaSTabhya naSTAtmAno'lyabuddhayaH / prabhavantyugrakarmANaH kSayAya jagato'hitAH / / Adi AsUri-bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad ke prathama do vaMzoM (AcAryoM kI tAlikA) meM bharadvAja ke ziSya evaM aupavani ke AcArya rUpa meM inakA ullekha hai, kintu tIsare meM yAjJavalkya ke ziSya tathA AsurAyaNa ke AcArya rUpa meM ullekha hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke prathama cAra adhyAyoM meM yAjJika adhikArI evaM satya para aTala rahane vAle puruSoM kA ullekha huA hai, jinameM inakI gaNanA hai / sAMkhyazAstra ke AcArya, kapila ke ziSya bhI AsUri (2) sAdhAraNa artha meM Astika vaha hai jo Izvara aura paramArtha meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| Astikadarzana-vedokta pramANoM ko mAnane vAle Astika evaM na mAnane vAle nAstika darzana kahalAte haiM / cArvAka, mAdhyamika, yogAcAra, sautrAntika, vaibhASika evaM arhat ye chaH nAstika darzana haiM : tathA vaizeSika, nyAya, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA evaM vedAnta ye cha: Astika darzana kahalAte haiN| Astikavarga-darzanoM meM chaH Astika tathA chaH nAstika gine jAte haiM / hindU sAhitya ina nAstika darzanoM ko bhI apanA aGga samajhatA hai| viparItamatasahiSNu bhAratavarSa meM Astika aura nAstika donoM taraha ke vicAroM kA anAdi kAla se vikAsa hotA calA AyA hai| bhAratIya udAratA ke aMka meM Astika evaM nAstika donoM vargoM kI paramparA aura saMskRti samAna surakSita banI rahI hai / Astika varga kA artha hai Astika darzanoM kA anuyaayii| AstIkaparva-mahAbhArata ke 'AstIkaparva' meM garuDa aura sI kI utpatti kA varNana hai / samudramanthana, uccaiHzravA kI utpatti aura mahArAja parIkSit ke putra janamejaya ke sarpAnuSThAna kA varNana bhI kiyA gayA hai| bharatavaMzIya mahAtmAoM ke parAkrama kA vRttAnta bhI isameM varNita hai| jaratkAru RSi ke putra AstIka kI isa parva meM adhika pradhAnatA hone ke kAraNa yaha 'AstIka parva' kahA gayA hai| inake nAma para sarpa ko bhagAne kA yaha zloka pracalita hai : sapasarpa bhadraM te dUraM gaccha vanAntaram / janamejayasya yajJAnte AstIkavacanaM smara / / AhavanIya-yajJopayogI eka agni / dhArmika yajJa kAryoM meM yajJavedI kA bar3A mahattva hai| yaha vedI kuza se AcchAdita U~ce cabUtare kI hotI thI, jo yajJasAmagrI dene athavA yajJa sanbandhI pAtroM ke rakhane ke lie banAyI jAtI thii| mukhya agnivedI kuNDa ke samAna vibhinna AkAra kI hotI thI, jisameM yajJAgni rakhI rahatI thii| prAcIna bhArata meM jaba devoM kI pUjA pratyeka gRhastha apane ghara ke agnisthAna meM karatA thA, usakA yaha punIta kartavya hotA thA ki pavitra agni vedI meM sthApita rakhe rhe| yaha kArya pratyeka gRhastha agnyAdhAna yA yajJAgni ke Arambhika utsavadina se hI prArambha karatA thaa| isa avasara para yajJakartA paJcamaH kapilo nAma siddhezaH kAlaviplutam / provAcAsuraye sAMkhyaM tattvagrAmavinirNayam / (bhAgavata, 1.3.10) Astika-(1) veda ke prAmANya (aura varNAzrama vyavasthA) meM AsthA rakhane vAle ko Astika kahate haiN| Astika ke lie Izvara meM vizvAsa rakhanA anivArya nahIM hai kintu veda meM vizvAsa rakhanA Avazyaka hai| sAMkhya aura pUrva- mImAMsA darzana ke anuyAyI Izvara kI AvazyakatA sRSTiprakriyA meM nahIM mAnate, phira bhI ve Astika haiN| zaGkarAcArya ne Astikya kI paribhASA isa prakAra kI hai : "AstikyaM zraddhAnatA paramArtheSvAgameSu / " [paramArtha (mokSa) aura Agama (veda) meM zraddhA rakhanA Astikya hai| ] 13

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AhAra-ikSvAku niyamapUrvaka nitya havana karatA hai use 'AhitAgni' kahA jAtA haiM / isakA eka paryAya 'agnihotrI' hai| Ahati-yajJakuNDa meM devatA ke uddezya se jo havi kA prakSepa kiyA jAtA hai use 'Ahuti' kahate haiN| Ahuti dravya ko 'mRgI mudrA' ( zizu ke mukha meM kaura dene kI aMguliyoM ke AkAra ) se agni meM DAlanA cAlanA caahie| Ahika-(1) nitya kiyA jAne vAlA dhArmika kriyAsamaha / dharmazAstra granthoM meM dainika dhArmika kamI kA pUrA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| raghunandana bhaTTAcAryakRta 'AhnikAcAra tattva' meM dina-rAta ke AThoM yAmoM ke kartavyoM kA varNana milatA hai| (2) kucha prAcIna granthoM ke prakaraNasamUha ko bhI, jisakA adhyayana dina bhara meM ho sake, Ahnika kahate haiN| apane cAra purohitoM kA cunAva karatA thaa| gArhapatya evaM AhavanIya agni (do prakAra kI agni) ke lie eka vRttAkAra evaM dUsarA vargAkAra sthAna hotA thaa| Avazya- katA samajhI gayI to dakSiNAgni ke lie eka ardhavRtta kuNDa bhI banAyA jAtA thaa| pazcAt adhvaryu gharSaNa dvArA athavA grAma se saMgraha kara gArhapatya agni sthApita karatA thaa| sandhyAkAla meM vaha do lakar3iyA~ jinheM araNI kahate hai, yajJakartA evaM usakI strI ko detA thA, jisase gharSaNa dvArA ve dUsare prAtaHkAla AhavanIya agni utpanna karate the| AhAra-hindU dharma meM AhAra kI zuddhi-azuddhi kA vistRta vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isakA siddhAnta yaha hai ki AhArazuddhi se sattvazuddhi hotI hai aura sattvazuddhi se buddhi zuddha hotI hai / zuddha buddhi se hI sad vicAra aura dharma meM ruci utpanna ho sakatI hai| AhAra do prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) hita aura (2) ahita / suzruta ke anusAra hita AhAra kA guNa hai : AhAraH prINanaH sadyo balakRdehadhArakaH / AyustejaHsamutsAhasmRtyojo'gnivarddhanaH / / bhagavadgItA ( a0 17 zloka 8-10) ke anusAra vaha tIna prakAra-sAtvika, rAjasa tathA tAmasa-kA hotA hai : aayuH-sttv-blaarogy-sukh-priitivivrddhnaaH| rasyAH snigdhAH sthirA hRdyA AhArA sAttvikapriyAH // kaTvamla lavaNAtyuSNatIkSNarUkSavidAhinaH / AhArA rAjasasyeSTA duHkhazokAmayapradAH / / yAtayAmaM gatarasaM pUti paryuSitaJca yat / ucchiSTamapi cAmedhyaM bhojanaM tAmasapriyam // [ Ayu, sattva, bala, Arogya, sukha aura prIti ko bar3hAne vAle, rasAla, snigdha, sthira aura priya lagane vAle bhojana sAtvika logoM ko priya hote haiN| kaTa, amla (khaTTA), lavaNa (namakIna), ati uSNa, tIkSNa, rUkSa, dAha karane vAle tathA duHkha, zoka aura roga utpanna karane vAle bhojana rAjasa vyakti ko iSTa hote haiN| eka yAma se par3e hue, nIrasa, sar3e, bAsI, ucchiSTa (jUThe) aura amedhya (apavitra = machalI, mAMsa Adi) AhAra tAmasI vyakti ko acche lagate haiN| isalie sAdhaka ko sAtvika AhAra hI grahaNa karanA cAhie / AhitAgni-jo gRhastha vidhipUrvaka agni sthApita kara i-svara varNa kA tRtIya akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mUlya nimnAMkita hai : ikAraM paramAnandaM sugandhakusumacchavim / haribrahmamayaM varNa sadA rudrayataM priye // sadA zaktimayaM devi gurubrahmamayaM tathA / sadA zivamayaM varNaM paraM brahmasamanvitam / / haribrahmAtmakaM varNa guNatrayasamanvitam / ikAraM paramezAni svayaM kuNDalI mUrtimAn / / [he priye ! ikAra ('i' akSara) parama Ananda kI sugandhi vAle puSpa kI zobhA dhAraNa karane vAlA hai| yaha varNa hari tathA brahmamaya hai / sadA rudra se saMyukta rahatA hai| sadA zaktimAn tathA guru aura brahmamaya hai| sadA zivamaya hai| parama tattva hai| brahma se samanvita hai| hari-brahmAtmaka hai aura tInoM guNoM se samanvita hai| ] varNAbhidhAnatantra meM isake nimnalikhita nAma hai : iH sUkSmA zAlmalI vidyA candraH pUSA suguhyakaH / sumitraH sundaro vIraH koTaraH kATaraH payaH / / bhrUmadhyo mAdhavastuSTidakSanetraJca naasikaa| zAntaH kAntaH kAminI ca kAmo vighnavinAyakaH // nepAlo bharaNI rudro nityA klinnA ca pAvakA / / ikSvAku-purANoM ke anusAra vaivazvata manu kA putra aura sUryavaMza (ikSvAkuvaMza) kA pravartaka / isakI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA

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ijyA-itihAsa aura sau putra the| jyeSTha putra vikukSi ayodhyA kA rAjA etAsAM saGgamo yatra triveNI sA prakIrtitA / huA, dUsare putra nimi ne videha (mithilA) meM eka rAjavaMza tatra snAtaH sadA yogI sarvapApaiH pramucyate // pracalita kiyA / anya putroM ne anyatra upaniveza tathA rAjya [iDA nAmaka nADI hI gaGgA hai| piGgalA ko yamunA sthApita kiye| kahA gayA hai / gaGgA-yamunA ke bIca meM suSumnA nAr3I ijyA-yajJakarma athavA yajana kA eka paryAya / de0 'yajJa' sarasvatI hai / ina tInoM kA jahA~ saGgama (bhrUmadhya meM) hotA 'sohamijyAvizuddhAtmA prajAlopanimIlataH / ' (raghu0 1.68) hai vahI triveNI prasiddha hai| vahA~ snAna (dhyAna) karanevAlA [ maiM ijyA (yajJa) se vizuddha cittavAlA aura prajAlopa yogI sadA ke lie saba pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| ] (saMtAnahInatA) se nimIlita (kumhalAyA huA) huuN|] iDA nADI sakAma karma ke anuSThAna kI sahAyikA hai| isake anya artha pUjA, saGgama, gau, kuTTanI Adi haiN| iDA aura piGgalA ke bIca meM vartamAna suSumnA nADI brahmaiDA-(1) vANI, sarasvatI, pRthvI, gau| vaidika sAhitya nADI hai| isa mADI meM yaha sampUrNa vizva pratiSThita hai| meM 'iDA' zabda mUlataH anna, sphUrti, dugdhAhuti Adi ke uttaragItA (adhyAya 2) meM isakA nimnalikhita varNana hai : artha meM prayukta huA hai / punaH, vAgdevatA ke artha meM isakA iDA ca vAmanizvAsaH somamaNDalagocarA / pracalana ho gyaa| kaI mantroM meM yaha manu kI upadezikA pitayAnamiti jJeyA vAmamAzritya tiSThati / / kahI gayI hai / yajJAnuSThAna ke niyamoM ko pravartikA bhI yaha gudasya pRSThabhAge'smin vINAdaNDasya dehabhRt / mAnI gayI hai / sAyaNa ne isako pRthvI kI adhiSThAtrI devI dIrghAsthi mUniparyantaM brahmadaNDeti kathyate / / mAnA hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra manu ne saMtAna prApti tasyAnte suSiraM sUkSmaM brahmanADIti sUribhiH / ke lie yajJa kiyA, jisase iDA AvirbhUta huii| manu aura iDApiGgalayormadhye suSumnA suukssmruupinnii|| iDA ke saMyoga se hI mAnavoM kI utpatti huI / harivaMza ke sarva pratiSThitaM yasyAM sarvagaM sarvatomukham / / anusAra iDA kI gaNanA deviyoM meM hai : ___ ina nADiyoM ke zodhana ke binA yogI ko AtmajJAna kI zrutiH prItiriDA kAntiH zAntiH puSTi: kriyA tathA / prApti nahIM hotii| (2) yaugika sAdhanA kI AdhAra eka naadd'ii| haThayoga itihAsa-chAndogyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki itihAsayA svarodaya ke abhyAsArtha nAsikA ke vAma yA candra svara purANa pA~cavA~ veda hai| isase itihAsa evaM purANa kI ke nAma se isa nAr3I kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| dhArmika mahattA spaSTa hotI hai / adhikAMza vidvAn itihAsa SaTcakrabheda nAmaka grantha (zloka 2) meM isakA nimnAMkita se rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata samajhate haiM aura purANa se saMketa hai : aThAraha vA usase adhika purANa grantha aura upapurANa samajhe merorbAhyapradeze zazimihirazire savyadakSe niSaNlai / jAte haiM / aneka vidvAn isa mAnyatA se sahamata nahIM haiN| madhye nADI suSumNA tritayaguNamayI candrasUryAgnirUpA // svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI kA kahanA hai ki isa sthala para uparyukta zloka kA artha isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : itihAsa-purANa kA tAtparya brAhmaNa bhAga meM ullikhita "merormerudaNDasya bAhyapradeze bahirbhAge savyadakSe vAma- kathAoM se hai| dakSiNapArve zazi mihirazire candrasUryAtmake nADyau iDA- aThAraha vidyAoM kI ginatI meM itihAsa kA nAma kahIM piGgalAnADIdvayamiti phalitArthaH / niSaNNe vartet / " nahIM AyA hai| ina aThAraha vidyAoM kI sUcI meM purANa ke [ merudaNDa ke bAhya pradeza meM vAma aura dakSiNa pArzva meM / atirikta aura koI vidyA aisI nahIM hai jisameM itihAsa candra-sUryAtmaka (iDA tathA piGgalA) nADiyoM ke bIca meM kA antarbhAva ho ske| isIlie prAyazcittatattvakAra ne suSumnA nADI vartamAna hai|] itihAsa ko purANa ke antargata samajhakara usakA nAma jJAnasaGkalanItantra (khaNDa) meM iDA kA aura bhI varNana / alaga nahIM ginAyA / aitareya brAhmaNa ke bhASya meM sAyaNApAyA jAtA hai : cArya ne likhA hai ki veda ke antargata devAsura yuddhAdi kA iDA nAma saiva gaGgA yamunA piGgalA smRtA / varNana itihAsa kahalAtA hai aura "yaha asat thA aura kucha gaGgAyamunayormadhye suSumnA ca sarasvatI // na thA" ityAdi jagat kI prathamAvasthA se lekara sRSTi

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100 ivAvatsara-indra kriyA kA varNana purANa kahalAtA hai| bRhadAraNyaka ke bhASya meM zaGkarAcArya ne bhI likhA hai ki urvazI-purUravA Adi saMvAda svarUpa brAhmaNabhAga ko itihAsa kahate haiM aura "pahale asat hI thA" ityAdi sRSTi-prakaraNa ko purANa kahate haiN| ina bAtoM se spaSTa hai ki sargAdi kA varNana purANa kahalAtA thA aura laukika kathAe~ itihAsa kahI jAtI thiiN| idAvatsara-vAjasaneyI saMhitA (27.45) ke anusAra eka vizeSa saMvatsara hai : "saMvatsaro'si parivatsaro'si idAvatsaro'si idvatsaro'si / " viSNudharmottara purANa ke anusAra isa saMvatsara meM anna aura vastra kA dAna puNyakAraka hotA hai| jyotiSa kI gaNanA meM 'paMcavarSAtmaka yuga' mAnyatA ke anusAra varSa kA eka prakAra idAvatsara hai| indu-cndrmaa| isakI vyutpatti hai : 'unatti amRtadhArayA bhuvaM klinnAM karoti iti' | amRta kI dhArA se pRthvI ko bhigotA hai, isalie 'indu' kahalAtA hai| ] induvrata-sATha saMvatsaravatoM meM se aTThAvanavA~ vrata / vratI ko kisI sapatnIka sadgRhastha kA sammAna karanA cAhie tathA varSa ke anta meM use gau kA dAna karanA caahie| de0 kRtyakalpataru kA vratakANDa; hemAdri, vrata khaNDa, 2. 883 / indra-Rgveda ke prAyaH 250 sUktoM meM indra kA varNana hai tathA 50 sUkta aise haiM jinameM dUsare devoM ke sAtha indra kA varNana hai / isa prakAra lagabhaga Rgveda ke caturthAMza meM indra kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| isase hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki indra vaidika yuga kA sarvapriya devatA thaa| indra zabda kI vyutpatti evaM artha aspaSTa hai / adhikAMza vidvAnoM kI sammati meM indra jhaMjhAvAta kA devatA hai jo bAdaloM meM garjana evaM bijalI kI camaka utpanna karatA hai| kintu hilabraNTa ke mata se indra sUrya devatA hai| vaidika bhAratIyoM ne indra ko eka prabala bhautika zakti mAnA jo unakI sainika vijaya evaM sAmrAjyavAdI vicAroM kA pratIka hai| prakRti kA koI bhI upAdAna itanA zaktizAlI nahIM jitanA vidyutprahAra / indra ko agni kA jur3avAM bhAI (R 6.59.2) kahA gayA hai jisase vidyutIya agni evaM yajJavedIya agni kA sAmIpya prakaTa hotA hai| indra kI caritAvalI meM vRtravadha kA bar3A mahattva hai| (adhikAMza vaidika vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki vRtra sUkhA (anAvRSTi) kA dAnava hai aura una bAdaloM kA pratIka hai jo AkAza meM chAye rahane para bhI eka bUda jala nahIM barasAte / indra apane vajra prahAra se vRtrarUpI dAnava kA vadha kara jala ko mukta karatA hai aura phira pRthvI para varSA hotI hai / olDenavarga evaM hilabraNTa ne vRtra-vadha kA dUsarA artha prastuta kiyA hai| unakA mata hai ki pArthiva parvatoM se jala kI mukti indra dvArA huI hai| hilabaeNNTa ne sUryarUpI indra kA varNana karate hue kahA hai : vRtra zIta (sardI) evaM hima kA pratIka hai, jisase mukti kevala sUrya hI dilA sakatA hai| ye donoM hI kalpanAe~ indra ke do rUpoM ko prakaTa karatI haiM, jinakA pradarzana maidAnoM ke jhaMjhAvAta aura himAcchAdita parvatoM para tapate hue sUrya ke rUpa meM hotA hai / vRtra se yuddha karane kI taiyArI ke vivaraNa se prakaTa hotA hai ki devoM ne indra ko apanA nAyaka banAyA tathA use zaktizAlI banAne ke lie prabhUta bhojana-pAna Adi kI vyavasthA hii| indra prabhUta somapAna karatA hai| indra kA astra vajra hai jo vidyutprahAra kA hI eka kAlpanika nAma hai| Rgveda meM indra ko jahA~ anAvRSTi ke dAnava vRtra kA vadha karane vAlA kahA gayA hai, vahIM use rAtri ke andhakAra rUpI dAnava kA vadha karanevAlA evaM prakAza kA janma dene vAlA bhI kahA gayA hai| Rgveda ke tIsare maNDala ke varNanAnusAra vizvAmitra ke prArthanA karane para indra ne vipAzA (vyAsa) tathA zatadru (satalaja) nadiyoM ke athAha jala ko sUkhA diyA, jisase bharatoM kI senA AsAnI se ina nadiyoM ko pAra kara gyii| indra aura vRtra ke AkAzIya yuddha kI carcA ho cukI hai| indra ke isa yuddha kauzala ke kAraNa AryoM ne pRthvI ke dAnavoM se yuddha karane ke lie bhI indra ko sainika netA mAna liyA / indra ke parAkrama kA varNana karane ke lie zabdoM kI zakti aparyApta hai| vaha zakti kA svAmI hai, usakI eka sau zaktiyA~ haiM / cAlIsa yA isase bhI adhika usake zaktisUcaka nAma haiM tathA lagabhaga utane hI yuddhoM kA vijetA use kahA gayA hai| vaha apane una mitroM evaM bhaktoM ko bhI vaisI vijaya evaM zakti detA hai, jo usa ko somarasa arpaNa karate haiN|| nau sUkoM meM indra evaM varuNa kA saMyakta varNana hai| donoM ekatA dhAraNa kara soma kA pAna karate haiM, vRtra para vijaya

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indradhvaja-indraprastha prApta karate haiM, jala kI nahareM khodate haiM aura sUrya kA AkAza meM niyamita paricAlana karate haiM / yuddha meM sahAyatA, vijaya pradAna karanA, dhana evaM unnati denA, duSToM ke viruddha apanA zaktizAlI vajra bhejanA tathA rajjurahita bandhana se bA~dhanA Adi kAryoM meM donoM meM samAnatA hai / kintu yaha samAnatA unake sRSTiviSayaka guNoM meM kyoM na ho, unameM maulika cha: antara haiM : varuNa rAjA hai, asuratva kA sarvotkRSTa sattAdhArI hai tathA usakI AjJAoM kA pAlana devagaNa karate haiM, jabaki indra yuddha kA premI evaM vaira-dhUli ko phailAne vAlA hai / indra vajra se vRtra kA vadha karatA hai, jabaki varuNa sAdhu ( vinamra ) hai aura vaha sandhi kI rakSA karatA hai| varuNa zAnti kA devatA hai, jabaki indra yuddha kA deva hai evaM marutoM ke sAtha sammAna kI khoja meM rahatA hai / indra zatrutAvaza vRtra kA vadha karatA hai, jaba ki varuNa apane vratoM kI rakSA karatA hai / paurANika devamaNDala meM indra kA vaha sthAna nahIM hai jo vaidika devamaNDala meM hai / paurANika devamaNDala meM trimUrtibrahmA, viSNu aura ziva-kA mahattva bar3ha jAtA hai| indra phira bhI devAdhirAja mAnA jAtA hai / vaha deva-loka kI rAjadhAnI amarAvatI meM rahatA hai, sudharmA usakI rAjasabhA tathA sahasra mantriyoM kA usakA mantrimaNDala hai / zacI athavA indrANI patnI, airAvata hAthI (vAhana) tathA astra vajraathavA azani hai / jaba bhI koI mAnava apanI tapasyA se indrapada prApta karanA cAhatA hai to indra kA siMhAsana saMkaTa meM par3a jAtA hai| apane siMhAsana kI rakSA ke lie indra prAyaH tapasviyoM ko apsarAoM se mohita kara pathabhraSTa karatA pAyA jAtA hai| purANoM meM isa sambandha kI aneka kathAe~ milatI haiM / paurANika indra zaktimAna, samaddha aura vilAsI rAjA ke rUpa meM citrita hai| indradhvaja--mahAn vaidika devatA indra kA smAraka kaasstthstmbh| yaha vijaya, saphalatA aura samRddhi kA pratIka hai| prAcIna kAla me bhAratIya rAjA vidhivat isakI sthApanA karate the aura usa avasara para utsava manAyA jAtA thA; saMgIta, nATaya Adi kA Ayojana hotA thaa| bharata ke nATayazAstra meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai : ayaM dhvajamahaH zrImAn mahendrasya pravartate / athedAnImayaM vedaH nATyasaMjJaH prayujyatAm / / isa dhvaja kI utpatti kI kathA bRhatsaMhitA meM pAyI jAtI hai| eka bAra devatAgaNa asuroM se pIDita hokara unake atyAcAra se mukta hone ke lie brahmA ke pAsa gaye / brahmA ne unako viSNu ke pAsa bhejA / viSNu usa samaya kSIra sAgara meM zeSanAga ke Upara zayana kara rahe the| unhoMne devatAoM kI vinaya sunakara unako eka dhvaja pradAna kiyA, jisako lekara eka bAra indra ne asuroM ko parAsta kiyA thA / isIlie isakA nAma indradhvaja pdd'aa| indradhvajotthAnotsava-yaha indra kI dhvajA ko uThAkara jalUsa meM calane kA utsava hai| yaha bhAdra zukla aSTamI ko manAyA jAtA hai| dhvaja ke lie prayukta hone vAle daNDa ke lie ikSudaNDa (gannA) kAma meM AtA hai, jisakI sabhI loga indra ke pratIka rUpa meM arcanA karate haiN| tadanantara kisI gambhIra sarovara athavA nadI ke jala meM use visarjita kiyA jAtA hai| dhvaja kA uttolana zravaNa, dhaniSThA athavA uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM tathA usakA visarjana bharaNI nakSatra meM honA caahie| isakA vizada varNana barAhamihira kI bRhatsaMhitA (adhyAya 43), kAlikA purANa (90) tathA bhoja ke rAjamArtaNDa ( saM0 1060 se 1092 taka ) meM hai| yaha vrata rAjAoM ke lie vizeSa rUpa se AcaraNa karane yogya hai / buddhacarita meM bhI isakA ullekha hai / raghuvaMza ( 4.3 ), mRcchakaTika ( 10.7 ), maNimekhalAI ke prathama bhAga, silappadikAram ke 5 veM bhAga tathA eka zilAlekha ( epigrAphiyA iMDikA, 10.320; mAlava saMvat 461 ) meM bhI isakA ullekha huA hai| kAlikApurANa, 90; kRtyakalpataru ( rAjadharma, pRSTha 184-190); devIpurANa tathA rAjanItiprakAza (vIramitrodaya, pRSTha 421423) meM bhI isakA varNana milatA hai| indraprastha-pANDavoM kI rAjadhAnI, jisako unhoMne khANDavavana jalAkara basAyA thaa| nayI dillI ke dakSiNa meM isakI sthiti thI, jisake eka sImAnta bhAga ko Aja bhI isa nAma se pukArate hai / bArahavIM zatI taka uttara bhArata ke pA~ca pavitra tIrthoM meM indraprastha (indrasthAnIya) kI gaNanA thii| gahaDavAla rAjA govindacandra ke abhilekhoM meM isakA ullekha hai| kutubamInAra ke pAsa kA gA~va miharaulI 'mihirAvalI' (sUryamaNDala) kA apabhraMza hai| isake pAsa ke dhvaMzAvazeSa aba bhI irAke dhArmika svarUpa ko vyakta karate haiM / kuzika (kAnyakubja) ke sAtha indra

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102 indrapaurNamAsI-indrotadaivApazonaka prastha (dillI) kA dhArmika svarUpa bAda meM turko ne pUrNataH varAha se, devI va IzAnI kA ziva se sambandha sthApita hai| naSTa kara diyaa| isa prakAra indrANI aSTamAtRkAoM meM se bhI eka hai| indrapaurNamAsI hemAdri, batakhaNDa 2.196 meM isakA ullekha amarakoza meM sapta mAtRkAoM kA (brAhmItyAdyA'stu hai| bhAdrapada mAsa kI pUrNimA ko upavAsa rakhanA caahie| mAtaraH) ullekha hai : isake pazcAt tIsa sapatnIka sadgRhasthoM ko alaMkAroM se brAhmI mAhezvarI caiva kaumArI vaiSNavI tathA / sammAnita karanA cAhie / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se mokSa vArAhI ca tathendrANI cAmuNDA saptamAtaraH / / kI prApti hotI hai| indriyA~-pUrvajanma ke kiye hae karmoM ke anusAra zarIra indravrata-sATha saMvatsara vratoM meM se saiMtAlIsavA~ vrata / kRtya utpanna hotA hai / paJcabhUtoM se pA~coM indriyoM kI utpatti kalpataru ke vrata kANDa, pRSTha 449 para isa vrata kA ullekha kahI gayI hai / ghrANendriya se gandha kA grahaNa hotA hai, hai| vratI ko cAhie ki vaha varSA Rtu meM khule AkAza isase vaha pRthvI se banI hai| rasanA jala se banI hai, ke nIce zayana kare / anta meM dUdhavAlI gau kA dAna kyoM ki rasa jala kA guNa hai| cakSu indriya teja se banI hai, kyoMki rUpa teja kA gaNa hai / tvak vAyu se banI hai, kyoMki kre| sparza vAyu kA guNa hai / zrotra indriya AkAza se banI hai, indravyAkaraNa-chahoM aGgoM meM vyAkaraNa veda kA pradhAna aGga kyoMki zabda AkAza kA guNa hai / samajhA jAtA hai| jo loga vedamantroM ko anAdi mAnate haiM bauddhoM ke mata meM zarIra meM jo golaka dekhe jAte haiM unake anusAra to bIjarUpa se vyAkaraNa bhI anAdi hai| unhIM ko indriyA~ kahate haiM, (jaise A~kha kI putalI jIbha pataJjali vAlI janazruti se patA calatA hai ki sabase purAne ityaadi)| parantu naiyAyikoM ke mata se jo aGga dikhAI vaiyAkaraNa devatAoM ke guru bRhaspati haiM aura indra kI par3ate haiM ve indriyoM ke adhiSThAna mAtra haiM, indriyA~ nahIM gaNanA unake bAda hotI hai| eka prAcIna padya "indrazcandraH haiM / indriyoM kA jJAna indriyoM ke dvArA nahIM ho sktaa| kAzakRtsnaH......."jayantyaSTau ca zAbdikAH" ke anusAra kucha loga eka hI tvak indriya mAnate haiM / nyAya meM unake pANinipUrva kAla meM indravyAkaraNa pracalita rahA hogaa| mata kA khaNDana karake indriyoM kA nAnAtva sthApita kiyA indrasAvaNi-caudahaveM manu kA nAma isa manvantara meM bRhad- gayA hai| sAMkhya meM pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~ aura bhAnu kA avatAra hogA, zuci indra hoMge, pavitra cAkSuSa mana ko lekara gyAraha indriyA~ mAnI gayI hai| nyAya meM Adi devatA hoMge, agni, bAhu, zuci, zuddha, mAgadha Adi karmendriyA~ nahIM mAnI gayI haiM, para mana eka Antarika saptarSi hoMge / bhAgavata purANa, viSNu purANa (2 / 3) evaM karaNa aura aNurUpa mAnA gayA hai| yadi mana sUkSma na mArkaNDeya purANa (adhyAya 100) meM yaha varNana pAyA hokara vyApaka hotA to yugapat kaI prakAra kA jJAna jAtA hai| sambhava hotA, arthAt aneka indriyoM kA eka kSaNa meM eka indrANI-indra kI patnI, jo prAyaH zacI athavA paulomI sAtha saMyoga hote hue una sabake viSayoM kA eka sAtha bhI kahI gayI hai| yaha asura pulomA kI putrI thI, jJAna ho jaataa| para naiyAyika aisA nahIM mAnate / gandha, jisakA vadha indra ne kiyA thaa| zAkta mata meM sarvaprathama rasa, rUpa, sparza aura zabda ye pA~coM guNa indriyoM ke artha mAtRkA pUjA hotI hai| ye mAtAe~ vizvajananI haiM, yA viSaya haiM / jinakA devastriyoM ke rUpa meM mAnavIkaraNa huA hai / isakA indrota-Rgveda (8.68) kI eka dAnastuti meM dAtA ke dUsarA abhiprAya zakti ke vividha rUpoM se bhI ho sakatA rUpa meM indrota kA do bAra ullekha huA hai / dvitoya maNDala hai, jo ATha hai, tathA vibhinna devatAoM se sambandhita hai| meM usakA eka nAma Atithigva hai jisase prakaTa hotA hai 'vaiSNavI va lakSmI kA viSNu se, brAhmI yA brahmANI kA ki yaha atithigva kA putra thaa| brahmA se. kArtikeyI kA yuddhadevatA kArtikeya se, indrANI indrotadaivApazaunaka-isa RSi kA ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa kA indra se, yamI kA mRtyu ke devatA yamase, vArAhI kA (13:5,3,5,4,1) meM janamejaya ke azvamedha yajJa ke

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irA-iSTApUrta 103 purohita ke rUpa meM huA hai, yadyapi yaha sammAnanIya pada gandhamAdana pavarta hai (de0 bhAgavatapurANa) / agnIdhra (paJcAla aitareya brAhmaNa (8.21) meM turakAvaSeya ko prApta hai| ke rAjA) ke prasiddha putra kA nAma bhI ilAvRta thA, jisako jaiminIya upaniSadbrAhmaNa (3.40.1) meM indrota daivApa pitA se rAjya riktha meM milaa| de0 viSNaparANa, zaunaka zruta ke ziSya ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai tathA vaMza- 2.1.16-18 / brAhmaNa meM bhI isakA ullekha hai| kintu Rgveda meM ilvala-siMhikA kA putra eka daitya, jo vAtApI kA bhAI ullikhita devApi se isakA sambandha kisI bhI prakAra nahIM thaa| yaha brAhmaNoM kA vinAza karane ke lie apane bhAI jor3A jA sktaa| vAtApI ko mAyArUpI meSa (bher3a) banAkara aura brAhmaNoM irA-kazyapa kI eka patnI / de0 garuDapurANa, adhyAya 6 : / ko bhoja meM nimantraNa dekara khilA detA thA / punaH vAtApI dharmapallyaH samAkhyAtA kazyapasya vadAmyaham / ko bulAtA thA / vAtApI unakA peTa phAr3akara nikala AtA aditiditirdanuH kAlA amAyuH siMhikA muniH / / thaa| isase sahasroM brAhmaNoM kI mRtyu huI / agastya RSi kadruH prAdhA irA krodhA vinatA surabhiH khshaa|| ko apane pitaroM ko isa dazA se bahuta kaSTa huaa| ve usa irA se vRkSa, latA, vallo tathA tRNa jAti kI utpatti dizA ko gaye (de0 'agasti') / ilvala ne unako bhI nimantraNa diyA aura vAtApI ko meSa banAkara usakA mAMsa irAvatI-bhArata kI devanadiyoM meM isakI gaNanA hai : unako khilAyA / usake bAda usane vAtApI ko pukArA / kintu agastya ke peTa se kevala apanA vAyu niklaa| vipAzA ca zatadruzca candrabhAgA sarasvatI / irAvatI vitastA ca sindhurdevanadI tthaa|| unhoMne ha~sate hue kahA ki vAtApI to jIrNa (pakva) ho (mahAbhArata) gayA; aba nikala nahIM sktaa| de0 mahAbhArata, vanaparva, [ vipAzA (vyAsa ), zatadru ( satalaja ), candrabhAgA agastyopAkhyAna, 96 adhyAya / (cinAva), sarasvatI ( sarasutI ), irAvatI ( rAvI), iSTa-vedI yA maNDapa ke andara karane lAyaka dhArmika karma; vitastA ( jhelama ) tathA sindhu (apane nAma se aba bhI homa, yajJa; abhISTa devatA, ArAdhita devatA; kisI ghaTanA prasiddha) ye devanadiyA~ haiM / ] kA ghar3I-paloM meM nirdhArita samaya / de0 'yajJa' / ila-de0 'umaavn'| iSTajAtyavApti-viSNudharmottara ( 3.200.1-5 ) ke anuilA-paurANika kathA ke anusAra ilA mUlataH manu kA putra sAra isa vrata kA anuSThAna caitra tathA kArtika ke prArambha meM ila thaa| ila bhUla se ilAvarta meM bhramaNa karate hue karanA cAhie, Rgveda ke dazama maNDala ke 90.1-16 mantroM zivajI ke kAmyakavana meM calA gyaa| zivajI ne zApa se hari kA SoDazopacAra ke sAtha pUjana honA caahie| diyA thA ki jo puruSa kAmyakavana meM AyegA vaha strI ho vrata ke anta meM gau kA dAna vihita hai| jAyagA / ataH ila strI ilA meM parivartita ho gyaa| iSTasiddhi-isa nAma ke do granthoM kA patA calatA hai| prathama ilA kA vivAha soma (candramA) ke putra budha se huaa| isa surezvarAcArya athavA maNDana mizra kRta hai, jisako sambandha se purUravA kA janma huA, jo aila khlaayaa| unhoMne saMnyAsa lene ke pazcAt likhA aura jisameM zAGkara isase aila athavA candravaMza kI paramparA Arambha huI, mata kA hI samarthana hai| dvitIya, avimuktAtmA dvArA kRta jisakI rAjadhAnI pratiSThAna (vartamAna jhUsI, araila, prayAga) hai, jisameM zabdAdvaita mata kA ullekha milatA hai / thii| viSNu kI kRpA se ilA punaH puruSa ho gayI jisakA iSTApUrta-dhArmika karmoM ke do pramukha vibhAga haiM-(1) iSTa nAma sudyumna thaa| aura (2) pUrta / iSTa kA sambandha yajJAdi kRtyoM se hai, ilAvRta (ilAvata)-isakA zAbdika artha hai ilA ke jinakA phala adRSTa hai / pUrta kA sambandha lokopakArI Avartana (paribhramaNa) kA sthAna / yaha jambU dvIpa ke nava kAryoM se hai, jinakA phala dRSTa hai| malamAsatattva meM udvarSoM (dezoM) ke antargata eka varSa hai jo sumeru parvata / dhRta jAtukarNya kA kathana hai : (pAmIra) ko ghera kara sthita hai| isake uttara meM nIla agnihotraM tapaH satyaM vedAnAJcAnupAlanam / parvata, dakSiNa meM niSadha, pazcima meM mAlyavAn tathA pUrva meM AtithyaM vaizvadevaJca iSTamityabhidhIyate //

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104 vApIkUpataDAgAdi devatAyatanAni ca / annapradAnamArAmaH pUtaM mityabhidhIyate // [ agnihotra, tapa, satya, vedoM ke AdezoM kA pAlana, Atithya vaizvadeva (Adi) iSTa kahalAte haiM / vApI, kUpa, taDAga, dharmazAlA, pAThazAlA, devAlayoM kA nirmANa, anna kA dAna, ArAma ( bATikA Adi kA lagavAnA ) ko pUrta kahA jAtA hai / ] iSTikA Ajakala kI 'ITa' / vAstava meM yaha yajJa (iSTi ) vedI ke cayana (cunAva) meM kAma AtI thI, ataH isakA nAma iSTikA par3a gyaa| bAda meM isase gRhanirmANa bhI hone lagA / cANakya ne iSTikAnirmita bhavana kA guNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai : kUpodakaM vacchAyA zyAmA strI iSTikAlayam / zItakAle bhaveduSNamuSNakAle tu zItalam // IMToM se nirmita sthAna meM pitRkarma kA niSedha hai / zrAddhatattva meM uddhRta zaGkhalikhita | iSTikA ( IMTa ) dvArA devAlayoM ke nirmANa kA mahAphala batalAyA gayA hai mRgmayArakoTiguNitaM phalaM svAdvAmabhiH kRte / koTikoTiguNaM puNyaM phalaM syAdiSTikAmaye // dviparAdhaM guNaM puNyaM zailaje tu vidurbudhAH // ( pratiSThAtattva ) ihAmutra - phalabhogavirAga - 'iha' isa saMsAra ko aura 'amutra' ( vahA~ ) svarga ko kahate haiN| sAMsArika bhoga tathA svarga ke bhoga donoM mokSArthI ke lie syAjya hai| de0 vedAnta sAra / I I-svaravarNa kA caturtha akSara kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mUlya nimnAMkita hai : IkAraM paramezAni svayaM paramakuNDalI brahmaviSNumayaM varNa tathA rudramayaM sadA // paJcadevamayaM varNa pItavica, halatAkRtim / caturjJAnamayaM varNa paJcaprANamayaM sadA // varNoddhAratantra meM isake nAma nimnalikhita haiM : IstramUrtirmahAmAyA lolAkSI vAmalocanam / govindaH zekharaH puSTiH subhadrA ratnasaMjJakaH // viSNulakSmIH prahAsadeva vAgviddhaH parAtparaH / kAlottarIyo bheruNDA ratizca pauNDravarddhanaH // iSTikA - Izvara zivottamaH zivA tuSTicaturthI vindumAlinI / vaiSNavI vaindavI jihvA kAmakalA sanAdakA // pAvaka: koTara: kIrtirmohinI kAlakArikA / kucandra tarjanI ca zAntistripurasundarI // [ he devi ! IkAra ( 'I' akSara ) svayaM parama kuNDalI hai / yaha varNa brahmA aura viSNumaya hai / yaha sadA rudramaya hai / yaha varNa paJcadevamaya hai / pIlI bijalI kI rekhA ke samAna isakI prakRti hai / yaha varNa caturjJAnamaya tathA sarvadA paJcaprANamaya hai / ] I - kAmadeva kA eka paryAya / de0 'kAmadeva | Iti - kRSi ke chaH prakAra ke upadrava, yathA ativRSTiranAvRSTiH zalabhA mUSikAH khagAH / pratyAsannAzca rAjAnaH SaDetA ItayaH smRtAH // (manusmRti) [ ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, zalabha (TiDDI) mUSaka, pakSI, pratyAsanna ( AkramaNakArI) rAjA me chaH prakAra kI IviyoM kahI gayI haiM / ] ye bAharI bhaya haiM, jabaki 'bhIti' Antarika bhaya hai / mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM ( aura smRtiyoM meM bhI ) isa bAta kA ullekha hai| bAharI bhayoM ke lie adhArmika rAjA hI uttaradAyI hai / dhArmika rAjya meM ItiyA~ nahIM hotIM / 'nirAtaGkA nirItayaH / ' ( raghuvaMza, 1.63) / Izvara - sarvocca zaktimAn sarvasamartha vizvAdhiSThAtA svAmI; paramAtmA / vedAnta kI paribhASA meM vizuddha sattvapradhAna, ajJAnopahita caitanya ko Izvara kahate haiM / yaha antima athavA para tattva nahIM hai; apitu apara athavA saguNa brahma hai| parama brahma to nirguNa tathA niSkriya hai / apara Izvara saguNa rUpa meM sRSTi kA kartA aura niyAmaka hai, bhakoM aura sAdhakoM kA dhyeya hai| saguNa brahma hI puruSa (puruSottama) athavA Izvara nAma se sRSTi kA kartA, dhartA aura saMhartA ke rUpa se pUjita hotA hai| vahIM devAdhideva hai aura samasta devatA usI kI vividha abhivyaktiyA~ haiM / saMsAra ke sabhI mahatvapUrNa kArya usI ke niyantraNa meM hote haiM parantu jagat meM vaha cAhe jisa rUpa meM dikhAI par3e, antatogatvA vaha zuddha niSkala brahma hai / apanI yogamAyA se yukta hokara Izvara vizva para zAsana karatA hai aura karmoM ke phala-puraskAra athavA daNDa kA nirNaya karatA hai, yadyapi karma apanA phala svayaM utpanna karate haiM /

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IzvaragaNagaurIvrata-IzAna 105 nyAya-vaizeSika darzana meM Izvara saguNa hai aura sRSTi kA Izvara kRSNa--'sAMkhyakArikA' ke racayitA / cInI vidvAnoM nimitta kAraNa hai| jaise kumhAra miTTI ke loMde se mRd- ke anusAra inakA anya nAma vindhyavAsI thA aura ye vasubhANDa taiyAra karatA hai, vaise hI Izvara prakRti kA upAdAna bandhu se kucha samaya pUrva hue the / vidvAnoM ne inakA samaya lekara sRSTi kI racanA karatA hai| yogadarzana meM Izvara caturtha zatAbdI kA prArambha mAnA hai / paramparAnusAra 'sAMkhyapuruSa hai aura mAnava kA Adi guru hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke kArikA' SaSTitantra' kA punarlekhana hai, jo IzvaravAdI anusAra sRSTi ke vikAsa ke lie prakRti paryApta hai; vikAsa- sAMkhyoM kA prAmANika grantha hai| sAMkhyakArikA meM kula prakriyA meM Izvara kI koI AvazyakatA nahIM / pUrvamImAMsA sattara AryA padya (kArikAe~) haiM, jinako racanA kI dRSTi bhI karmaphala ke lie Izvara kI AvazyakatA nahIM mAnatI / se bahata hI uttama kahA jA sakatA hai| mImAMsA ke durUha usake anusAra veda svayambhU hai; IzvaraniHzvasita nahIM / / vedAntasUtra evaM jaiminisUtra granthoM se bhinna prasAda guNa kI Ahata, bauddha aura cArvAka darzanoM meM Izvara kI sattA yaha kRti pUrNatayA bodhagamya hai, kintu prArambhika jJAnArthI svIkAra nahIM kI gayI hai| ke lie avazya durUha hai / de0 'saaNkhykaarikaa'| bhakta dArzanikoM kI mukhyataH do zreNiyA~ hai-1. dvaita IzvaragItA-dakSiNamArgI zAkta mata kA eka prasiddha grantha / vAdI AcArya madhva Adi Izvara kA svatantra astitva isake Upara bhAskarAnandanAtha ne, jinheM bhAskara rAya bhI svIkAra karate haiM aura usakI upAsanA meM hI jIvana kA kahate haiM aura jo aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM taMjaura sAphalya dekhate haiM / 2. advaitavAdiyoM meM Izvara ko lekara ke rAjapaNDita the, sundara TIkA likhI hai| kaI sUkSma bheda hai / rAmAnuja usako guNopeta viziSTa advaita IzvarapratyabhijJAkArikA-kAzmIra zava mata ke sAhityika mAnate haiM / vallabhAcArya Izvara meM apUrva zakti kI kalpanA vikAsa meM aura vizeSa kara isake dArzanika pakSa meM somAkara jagat kA usase vikAsa hone para bhI use zuddhAdvaita nanda ke 'zivadRSTi' grantha kA pramukha sthAna hai / somAnanda hI mAnate haiN| aise hI bhedAbheda, acintya bhedAbheda Adi ke hI ziSya utpalAcArya ne 'IzvarapratyabhijJAkArikA' kI kaI mata hai / de0 'nimbArka' tathA 'caitanya' / racanA kii| isa kArikA kI vyAkhyA somAnanda ke eka IzvaragaNagaurIvata-caitra kRSNa pratipadA se caitra zukla tRtIyA dUsare ziSya abhinavagupta (1000 I0 ) ne kii| taka lagAtAra 18 dinoM taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / yaha kevala sadhavA striyoM ke lie hai| isameM IzvarasaMhitA-vaiSNava athavA pAJcarAtra mata ke udaya evaM gaurI-ziva kI pUjA hotI hai| mAlava pradeza meM yaha bahuta vistArAtmaka itihAsa meM saMhitAoM kA pramukha sthAna hai| prasiddha hai| yaha anizcita hai ki ye kaba aura kahA~ likhI gyiiN| saMkhyA meM ye 108 kahI jAtI haiN| Izvaravrata-kisI mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM zivajI kI pUjA IzvarasaMhitA tamila (dakSiNa) deza meM likhI gayI, jaba hotI hai / de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 2.148 / ki adhikAMza saMhitAe~ uttara bhArata meM hI racI gyiiN| IzvarA-pArvatI kA eka paryAya, yathA IzvarasaMhitA meM vaiSNavasaMta zaThakopa kA varNana hai| vinyastamaGgalamahauSadhirIzvarAyAH IzvarI-durgA devI kA paryAya / devImAhAtmya-stuti meM srastoragapratisareNa kareNa pANiH // (kirAtArjunIya) kathana hai : [ zaGkarajI ne pArvatI ke maGgalamaya kaMkaNa pahane hue 'tvamIzvarI devi carAcarasya / ' hAtha ko apane hAtha se sau ko Upara uThAkara grahaNa [he devi ! tuma cara-acara saba prANiyoM kI samartha kiyaa|] svAminI ho|] ___ lakSmI, sarasvatI Adi deviyoM ke lie bhI isa zabda Iza-Izvara, paramAtmA ( upaniSadoM ke anusAra ) / brahmA, kA prayoga hotA hai| viSNu, ziva ( purANoM ke anusAra ) / paravartI kAla meM IzvarAbhisandhi-kavitAkika zrIharSa racita advaitamata kA _ 'Iza' kA prayoga prAyaH 'ziva' ke artha meM hI adhika huaa| eka prasiddha grantha / IzAna--ziva kA eka paryAya, yathA 14

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IzAnavrata-uktha tatrezAnaM samabhyaya' trirAtropoSito naraH / paizunyaM sAhasaM droha IrSyAsUyArthadUSaNam / [ziva kA pUjana karake manuSya ko tIna rAtri taka vrata vAgdaDajazca pAruSyaM krodhajo'pi gaNASTakaH / / karanA caahie| [ pizunatA, sAhasa, droha, IrSyA, asUyA, arthadUSaNa gyAraha rudroM ke antargata eka rudra / tathA vAgdaNDa se utpanna pAruSya ye krodha se utpanna ATha IzAnavata-zukla pakSa kI caturdazI tathA pUrNimA ke dina / durguNa kahe gaye haiN|] jaba guruvAra ho, isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| IhA-vAJchA, icchA, ceSTA : pA~ca varSoM taka viSNu bhagavAn ke sAtha liGga ke vAma bhAga dharmArtha yasya vittehA varaM tasya nirohatA / kA pUjana tathA khakholka (sUrya) ke sAtha dakSiNa bhAga kA pUjana prakSAlanAddhi paGkasya zreyo na sparzanaM nRNAm / / hotA hai / eka varSa ke pazcAta eka gau kA dAna, do varSa (mahAbhArata) ke bAda do gauoM kA, tIna varSa ke bAda tIna gauoM kA, [dharma ke lie dhana kI icchA kI apekSA nirIhatA cAra varSa ke bAda cAra gauoM kA aura pA~ca varSa ke bAda ( nizceSTatA ) hI zreSTha hai, kyoMki kIcar3a ko dhone pA~ca gauoM kA dAna karanA caahie| de0 kRtyakalpataru, kI apekSA use na chUnA hI acchA hai| ] vratakANDa 383-385; hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 2.179-180 / IzopaniSada-IzAvAsya upaniSad kA saMkSipta nAma / yaha 18 u-svaravarNa kA paJcama akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA mantroM kA eka dArzanika saGkalana hai| isakA sambandha tAntrika mahattva nimnAMkita hai : zukla yajurveda kI vAjasaneyI zAkhA se hai / yajurveda ke ukAraH paramezAni adhaH kuNDalI svayam / antima ( cAlIsaveM ) adhyAya meM yaha upaniSad saMgRhIta pItacampakasaMkAzaM paJcadevamayaM sadA // hai / ise yajurveda kA upasaMhAra samajhanA cAhie / yaha karma paJcaprANamayaM devi caturvargapradAyakam // yogavAdI upaniSad hai aura isameM karma aura jJAna kA samanvaya svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM hindutva ke mUla [he devI! ukAra ( u akSara ) svayaM adhaH kuNDalI bhUta siddhAnta isameM A gaye haiN| isakA prathama mantra isa hai| pIle campaka ke samAna isakA raMga hai / sarvadA paJcadevadRSTi se bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai : maya hai / paJcaprANamaya tathA caturvarga (dharma, artha, kAma aura IzAvAsyamidaM sarva yatkiJcij jagatyAM jagat / mokSa) kA denevAlA hai|] varNoddhAratantra meM isake nAma tena tyaktena bhuJjIthA mA gRdhaH kasya sviddhanam // isa prakAra haiM: [yaha sampUrNa vizva Iza ( Izvara ) se AvAsya ( ota uH zaGkaro vartulAkSI bhUtaH kalyANavAcakaH / prota ) hai / jagat meM jo kucha hai vaha calAyamAna ( pari amarezo dakSaH karNaH SaDvaktro mohanaH zivaH // vartanazIla = nazvara ) hai| isalie tyAgapUrvaka jAgatika ugraH prabhudhRtiviSNurvizvakarmA mahezvaraH / padArthoM kA bhoga karanA caahie| kisI dUsare ke svatva zatrughnazcarikA puSTiH paJcamI vahnivAsinI // kA lobha nahIM karanA caahie| dhana-sampatti kisakI hai ? kAmaghnaH kAmanA cezo mohinI vighnahanmahI / arthAt kisI kI nahIM hai athavA kisI eka vyakti kI uDhasUH kuTilA zrotraM pAradIpo vRSo haraH / / nahIM, apitu Izvara kI hai| ] dUsarA mantra hai : / uktha-vedamantrAtmaka stotra; yajJa kA eka bheda; sAmagAna kA kurvanneveha karmANi jijIviSet zataM smaaH| eka prakAra, sAmaveda : 'viprA ukthebhiH kavayo guNanti / ' [ karma karate hue sau varSa jIne kI kAmanA karanI [buddhimAn brAhmaNa sAmaveda ke dvArA stuti karate haiM / ] caahie| isa prakAra ( tyAgabhAva se ) karma karane se atha yosAvantarakSiNi puruSo dRzyate saiva tatsAma manuSya para karma ke bandhana kA lepa nahIM hotA / ] tad yajuH tad ukthaM tad brahma / ( chAndogyopaniSad ) IrSyA-dUsare ko unnati meM asahiSNutA rakhanA / dhArmika [yaha jo A~kha ke bhItara puruSa ( AkAra) dikhAI sAdhana meM yaha bahuta bar3I bAdhA hai| isakA paryAya hai detA hai vahI Rgveda, vahI sAmaveda, vahI stotra (sAmaveda akSAnti / manusmRti (7.28) kA kathana hai : kA sUkta), vahI yajurveda aura vahI brahma hai| ]

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ukhA-ujjaina ukhA-yajJoM se sambandhita haviSya rA~dhane kA bar3A pAtra / yaha miTTI kA banA hotA thA ( mRnmayI ) / de0 vAjasaneyI saMhitA 11.59, taittirIya saMhitA, 4.1.54 / ugra - ( 1 ) zaMkara kA eka nAma; ekAdaza rudroM meM se eka / vAyupurANa ke anusAra yaha vAyumUrti hai| (2) kSatriya ke dvArA zUdra strI meM utpanna eka varNasaMkara jAti / isa sambandha meM manu kA kathana hai : kSatriyAt zUdrakanyAyAM krUrAcAravihAravAn / kSatrazUdravapuru nAma prajAyate // [ kSatriya aura zUdrakanyA se utpanna kUra AcAra-vihAravAn vyakti ugra kahA jAtA hai / ] isakA kArya biloM meM rahane vAle godhA Adi ko mAranA athavA pakar3anA hai / ugracaNDA - durgA devI kA eka viruda / mahiSAsura ke prati bhagavatI kA kathana hai : ugracaNDeti yA mUrtirbhadrakAlI hAhaM punaH / yayA mUrtyA tvAM haniSye sA durgeti prakIrtitA // etAsu mUrtiSu sadA pAdalagno nRNAM bhavAn / pUjyo bhaviSyasi tvaM vai devAnAmapi rakSasAm // [ ugracaNDI nAma se prasiddha jo mUrti hai vaha maiM bhadrakAlI hU~ jisa mUrti se maiM tumheM mArUMgI vaha durgA nAma se vikhyAta hai / ina mUrtiyoM meM sadA mere pA~va ke nIce dabe hu tuma manuSyoM, rAkSasoM tathA devatAoM ke dvArA pUjita hoge / ] ugratArA (1) -- durgA devI kA eka svarUpa / jo ugra bhaya se bhaktoM kI rakSA karatI hai use ugratArA kahate haiM / ugratArA (2) - devI kA eka prasiddha pITha / yaha saharasA sTezana (darabhaMgA) ke pAsa vanagAmahisI nAmaka gA~va ke samIpa hai| kucha loga ise 'zaktipITha' mAnate haiN| satIdeha kA netrabhAga yahA~ girA thaa| yahAM eka yantra para tArA, ekajA tathA nIlasarasvatI kI mUrtiyAM aGkita haiM / inake atirikta durgA kAlI, tripurasundarI, tArakezvara tathA tArAnAtha kI bhI mUrtiyAM hai / upra nakSatra tInoM pUrvA (pUrvASADha pUrvAbhAdrapadA aura pUrvAphAlgunI), maghA tathA bharaNI ugra nakSatra kahalAte haiM / 0 bRhatsaMhitA ( 97-98 ) / inakI zAnti ke lie dhArmika kRtyoM kA vidhAna hai| upazekharA -- gaGgA kA eka paryAya zekhara arthAt mastaka para gaMgA rahatI hai / ) ( ugra arthAt zaMkara ke - 107 ugrazravA - mahAbhArata kA pravacana karane vAle eka RSi, jo suta nAmaka nimna jAti meM utpanna hue the / uccATana mantra prayoga se kisI ko bhagAnA mAraNa-mohana Adi paT karmoM ke antargata isa abhicAra karma kI gaNanA hai| isakI devI durgA hai, tithi kRSNacaturdazI tathA aSTamI bhI hai| dina zanivAra hai| japa karane vAle ko bAloM kA sUtra banAkara pIr3e ke dAMtoM se banI huI mAlA isameM pironI cAhie aura japa ke samaya use dhAraNa karanA caahie| phala isakA uccATana hai arthAt zatru ko apane deza tathA sthAna se bhagA denA vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhie 'zAradAtantra' | ucchiSTabhuka bhojana kA bacA huA bhAga ise phira khAnA tAmasika bhojana ke prakAra meM AtA hai aura isako tyAjya batAyA gayA hai / bhojana karane ke bAda binA hAtha-mu~ha dhoyA huA vyakti kahIM na jAya (na cocchiSTaH svacid vrajet -- manu / ) / ucchiSTa gaNapati- 'zaGkaradigvijaya' meM gANapatyoM ke chaH bheda kahe gaye haiM jo gaNapati ke vibhinna rUpoM tathA guNoM kI arcA kiyA karate the / ye chaH rUpa haiM : mahAgaNapati, haridrAgaNapati, ucchiSTagaNapati, navanItagaNapati, svarNagaNapati evaM santAnagaNapati / ucchiSTa gANapatyoM kA eka varga heramba gaNapati kI upAsanA kiyA karatA thaa| uccaiHzravA - isake kaI artha hai, yathA- jisakA yaza U~cA ho, jisake kAna U~ce hoM athavA jo U~cA sunatA ho / mukhya artha indra kA ghor3A hai / yaha zveta varNa kA hai / purANoM meM isakI ginatI una caudaha ratnoM meM hai, jo ke samudramanthana pazcAt kSIrasAgara se nikale the / amRta se isakA poSaNa hotA hai / yaha azvoM kA rAjA hai / isIlie zveta varNa ke azva mahattvapUrNa aura pUjanIya mAne jAte haiN| ujjaina bhArata kA prasiddha tIrtha, jisakA sambandha jyotirliGgamahAkAla se hai| isa nagara ko ujjayinI athavA avantikA bhI kahate haiM / yahIM se ziva ne tripura para vijaya prApta kI thI, ataH isakA nAma ujjayinI par3A / isakA prAcInatama nAma avantikA avanti nAmaka rAjA ke nAma para thA / de0 skanda purANa | isa deza ko pRthvI kA nAbhideza kahA gayA hai| dvAdaza jyotiliGgoM prasiddha mahAkAla kA mandira yahIM hai / 51 zaktipIThoM meM

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108 ujjvalanIlamaNi-uttaramImAMsA yahA~ bhI eka pITha hai / harasiddhi devI kA mandira hI siddha pITha hai / maharSi sAndIpani kA Azrama bhI yahIM thA / ujja- ji vikramAditya kI rAjadhAnI thI / bhAratIya jyotiSa zAstra meM dezAntara kI zUnya rekhA ujjayinI se prArambha huI mAnI jAtI hai / yahA~ bAraha varSa meM eka bAra kumbha melA lagatA hai / isakI gaNanA sAta pavitra puriyoM ayodhyA mathurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI avantikA / purI dvAravatI caiva saptatA mokSadAyikAH // ujjvalanIlamaNi--rUpa gosvAmI kRta alaGkArazAstra kA eka prAmANika evaM prasiddha grantha / rUpa gosvAmI mahAprabhu caitanya ke ziSya the| alaGkArazAstra meM prAyaH sAmAnya pArthiva prema kA hI citraNa pAyA jAtA hai| rUpa gosvAmI ne 'ujjvalanIlamaNi' meM bhagavad-mAdhurya aura rati ( niSkAma prema ) kA hI nirUpaNa kiyA hai / vAstava meM unake 'bhaktirasAmRtasindha' ke siddhAntoM kA hI isameM pradarzana hai / isa grantha meM sAdhyabhakti ke bhAvoM meM tIna aura jor3e gaye haiM-mAna, anurAga aura mahAbhAva / ujjvala rasa-sAhitya meM zRGgAra kA varNa zyAma kahA gayA hai| kintu bhaktizAstra kA zRMgAra ujjvala hai / rUpa gosvAmI dvArA racita 'ujjvalanIlamaNi' meM isa zabda kA prayoga alaukika rAgAnugA bhakti ke lie huA hai, jisameM zRGgAra rasa kA pUrNa antarbhAva hai / vAstava meM mAdhurya bhaktivAdI loga bhakti ko hI rasa mAnate haiM, jo laukika zRMgAra se bhinna hai, kyoMki isake avalambana svayaM bhagavAna haiN| isalie laukika rAga se mukta hone ke kAraNa isakA varNa ujjvala hai| uJcha-kheta se anna uThA lene ke pazcAt zeSa anna ke dAne canane ko uJcha kahA jAtA hai / geha~, dhAna Adi kI kheta meM girI maJjariyA~ cunane ko 'zila' kahate haiM aura ekaeka dAnA cunane ko 'uJcha' / uJcha-zila yA ziloJcha vRtti zabda prAyaH eka sAtha prayoga meM Ate haiM / uJcha-vRtti brAhmaNoM ke lie zreSTha kahI gayI hai / siddhAnta yaha hai ki jo binA mA~ge milatA hai vaha 'amRta' hai aura jo mAMgane se milatA hai vaha 'mRta' hai / brAhmaNa ko amRta para hI nirvAha karanA caahie| utkoca-zAbdika artha 'jo zubha kA nAza karatA hai' (ut + kuc + k)| isake lie ghasa zabda prasiddha hai| isake paryAya haiM : (1) prAbhUta, (2) Dhaukana, (3) lambA , (4) kozalika, (5) AmiSa, (6) upAcAra, (7) pradA, (8) AnandA, (9) hAra, (10) grAhya, (11) ayana, (12) upadAnaka aura (13) apapradAna / yAjJavalkyasmRti (1 / 338) meM kathana hai : utkocajIvino dravyahInAn kRtvA vivAsayet / ghisa lene vAloM ko dhana chInakara deza se nirvAsita kara denA caahie|] uttarAbhAdrapadA-azvinI Adi sattAIsa nakSatroM ke antargata ikkIsavA~ nakSatra; prausstthpdaa| isakA rUpa sUkAra cAra tArAoM se yukta hai / isakA adhidevatA ahirbudhna hai / uttara mImAMsA-cha: hindU cintana praNAliyA~ pracalita haiN| ve 'darzana' kahalAtI haiM, kyoMki ve vizva ko dekhane aura samajhane kI dRSTi yA vicAra prastuta karatI haiN| unake tIna yagma hai, kyoMki pratyeka yugma meM kucha vicAroM kA sAmya parilakSita hotA hai| pahalA yugma mImAMsA kahalAtA hai, jisakA sambandha vedoM se hai| mImAMsA kA artha hai khoja, chAnabIna athavA anusandhAna / mImAMsAyugma kA pUrva bhAga, jise pUrva mImAMsA kahate haiM, veda ke yAjJika rUpa (karmakANDa) ke vivecana kA zAstra hai| dUsarA bhAga, jise uttara mImAMsA yA vedAnta bhI kahate haiM, upaniSadoM se sambandhita hai tathA unake hI dArzanika tattvoM kI chAnabIna karatA hai| ye donoM sacce artha meM sampUrNa hindU dArzanika evaM dhArmika praNAlI kA rUpa khar3A karate haiN| uttara mImAMsA kA sambandha bhArata ke sampUrNa dArzanika itihAsa se hai| uttara mImAMsA ke AdhArabhUta grantha ko 'vedAntasUtra', 'brahmasUtra' evaM 'zArIrakasUtra' bhI kahate hai, kyoMki isakA viSaya parabrahma (AtmA = brahma) hai| 'vedAntasUtra' vAdarAyaNa ke race kahe jAte hai jo cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiM / isa darzana kA saMkSipta sAra nimnalikhita hai : brahma nirAkAra hai, vaha cetana hai, vaha zrutiyoM kA udgama hai evaM sarvajJa hai tathA use kevala vedoM dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai| vaha sRSTi kA maulika evaM antima kAraNa hai| usakI koI icchA nahIM hai| etadartha vaha akarmaNya hai, dRzya jagat usakI lIlA hai / vizva, jo brahma dvArA samaya samaya para udbhata hotA hai usakA na Adi hai na anta hai /

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uttarADIsAdhu-utsarjana veda bhI ananta haiM, devatA haiM, jo vedavihita yajJoM dvArA meM vyavahRta hone vAle sUkta usa gAnakrama meM vyavasthita hote poSaNa prApta karate haiN| haiM, jisa krama meM udgAtA chAtroM ko ye sikhalAye jAte haiM / jIva yA vyaktigata AtmA Adi-antahIna hai, cetanA- uttarAcika (rANAyanIya)-sAmaveda meM jo RcAeM AyI yukta hai, sarvavyApI hai / yaha brahma kA hI aMza hai; yaha svayaM haiM, unheM 'Acika' kahA gayA hai| sAma-Acika grantha brahma hai / isakA vyaktigata rUpa kevala eka jhalaka hai / anu- adhyApakabheda, dezabheda, kAlabheda, pAThyakramabheda aura uccAbhava dvArA manuSya brahmajJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| brahma raNa Adi bheda se aneka zAkhAoM meM vibhakta haiN| saba kevala 'jJAnamaya' hai jo manuSya ko mukti dilAne meM samartha zAkhAoM meM mantra eka jaise hI hai, unakI saMkhyA meM vytihai| brahmacaryapUrvaka brahma kA cintana, jaisA ki vedoM (upa- krama hai| pratyeka zAkhA ke zrauta evaM gRhyasUtra aura prAtiniSadoM) meM batAyA gayA hai, sacce jJAna kA mArga hai / karma se zAkhya bhinna-bhinna hai / sAmaveda kI zAkhAe~ kahI to jAtI kArya kA phala prApta hotA hai aura isake lie punarjanma hotA haiM eka sahasra, para pracalita hai kevala terh| kucha hai / jJAna se mukti kI prApti hotI hai / de0 'brahmasUtra' / logoM ke mata se vAstava meM teraha hI zAkhAeM haiM, kyoMki uttarADI sAdhu-dAdUpaMthI sAdhuoM ke pA~ca prakAra haiM-(1) jo "sahasratamA gItyupAyAH" ke pramANa se sahasra zAkhAe~ khAlasA, (2) nAgA, (3) uttarADI, (4) virakta aura batAyI jAtI haiM, usakA artha "hajAroM taraha se gAne ke (5) khaakii| uttarADI sAdhuoM kI maNDalI paJjAba meM upAya' hai| una teraha zAkhAoM meM se bhI Aja kevala do banavArIdAsa ne banAyI thii| inameM bahuta se vidvAn sAdhu pracalita hai| uttara bhArata meM 'kauthamI zAkhA' aura dakSiNa hote the, jo anya sAdhuoM ko par3hAte the| kucha vaidya hote meM 'rANAyanIya zAkhA' pracalita haiN| uttarAcika meM eka the| dAdUpaMthI sAdhaoM kI prathama tIna zreNiyoM ke sadasya chanda kI, eka svara kI aura eka tAtparya kI tIna-tIna jo vyavasAya cAheM kara sakate haiM, kintu cauthI zreNI, RcAoM ko lekara eka-eka sUkta kara diyA gayA hai| isa arthAt virakta na koI pezA kara sakate haiM na dravya ko chu prakAra ke sUktoM kA sAmavedIya saMgraha jo dakSiNa meM pracalita sakate haiM / khAkI sAdhu bhabhUta (bhasma) lapeTe rahate haiM aura hai 'uttarAcika rANAyanIya saMhitA' ke nAma se pukArA bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI tapasyA karate haiM / tInoM zreNiyoM ke sAdhu jAtA hai / brahmacArI hote haiM aura gRhastha loga 'sevaka' kahalAte haiN| utpala-utpala athavA utpalAcArya dazama zatAbdI ke eka uttarAyaNa-bhamadhya rekhA ke uttara tathA dakSiNa meM sUrya kI zaiva AcArya the, jinhoMne 'IzvarapratyabhijJAkArikA' kI sthiti ke krama se do ayana-uttarAyaNa aura dakSiNAyana racanA kI tathA isa para eka bhASya bhI likhA / yaha grantha hote haiM / dhArmika vizvAsoM tathA kriyAoM meM inakA bahuta somAnandakRta 'zivadRSTi' kI zikSAoM kA sArasaMgraha hai| mahattva hai / RtuoM kA parivartana bhI inhIM ke kAraNa hotA utpala vaiSNava-'spandapradIpikA' ke racayitA utpala vaiSNava hai / pratyeka ayana (uttarAyaNa yA dakSiNAyana) ke prArambha meM kA jIvanakAla dasavIM zatI kA uttarArdha thA / 'spandadAna kI mahattA pratipAdita kI gayI hai| ayana ke prArambha pradIpikA' kallaTaracita 'spandakArikA' kI vyAkhyA hai| meM kiyA gayA dAna karor3oM puNyoM ko pradAna karatA hai, jaba- utpAta-prANiyoM ke zubha-azubha kA sUcaka mahAbhUta-vikAra, ki amAvasyA ke dAna kevala eka sau puNya pradAna karate haiN| bhUkampa Adi / isakA zAbdika artha hai 'jo akasmAt de0 bhoja kA rAjamArtaNDa, varSakRtyakaumudI, pR0 214 / AtA hai|' isake paryAya haiM-(1) ajanya aura (2) uttarAcika-yaha cAra sau sUkkoM kA eka sAmavedI saMgraha hai, upasarga / vaha tIna prakAra kA hai-(1) divya, jaise binA jisameM se pratyeka meM lagabhaga tIna-tIna RcAe~ haiN| saba parva meM candra evaM sUrya kA grahaNa Adi, (2) antarIkSya, milAkara isameM lagabhaga 1225 chanda haiN| uttarAcika jaise ulkApAta aura meghagarjana Adi aura (3) bhauma, stutigrantha hai| 'Acika' zabda kA artha hI hai RcAoM jaise bhUkampa, tuphAna Adi / ina utpAtoM kI zAnti ke lie kA 'stutigrantha' / Acika ke chanda vibhinna vargoM meM bahuta sI dhArmika kriyAoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| vibhinna devoM ke anusAra ba~Te hue haiN| phira ye pratyeka chanda- utsarjana-chor3a denA, tyAga denA / isake paryAya haiM (1) samUha dasa-dasa kI saMkhyA meM ba~Te hote haiM / phira somayajJa dAna, (2) visarjana, (3) vihApita, (4) vizrANana, (5)

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utsava-uttaragItA vitaraNa, (6) sparzana,(7) pratipAdana, (8) prAdezana, (9) (2) svAyaMbhuva manu ke dUsare putra priyavrata aura usakI (10) apavarjana / isakA artha karttavya kriyAvizeSa ko roka dUsarI rAnI kA putra bhI uttama nAmaka thA jo Age caladenA bhI hai, jaisA manu kA kathana hai : kara tIsare manvantara kA adhipati huA / pu ye tu chandasAM kuryAd bahirutsarjanaM dvijaH / uttamabhakta prAptivrata-vasanta Rtu meM zukla pakSa kI dvAdazI ko mAghazuklasya vA prApte pUrvAhna prathame'hani / / isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| viSNu isakA devatA hai| [mAgha zuklapakSa ke prathama dina ke pUrva bhAga meM brAhmaNa de0 vArAha purANa, 54.1-19 / puSya nakSatra meM vedoM kA ghara se bAhara visarjana kare / ] isa uttamasAhasa-eka U~cA arthadaNDa ( jurmAnA ) / jaise prakAra vaidika adhyayana-satra kI samApti kA nAma utsa 'sAzItipaNasAhasro daNDa uttamasAhasaH / ' jana hai| (yAjJavalkya smRti) utsava-AnandadAyaka vyApAra / isake paryAya hai-(1) [1080 paNoM kA daNDa uttamasAhasa kahalAtA hai / ] kSaNa, (2) uddhava, (3) uddharSa, (4) maha / manusmRti (3. anyatra bhI kathana hai : 59 ) meM kathana hai : paNAnAM dve zate sADhe prathamaH sAhasaH smRtaH / tasmAdetAH sadA pUjyA bhUSaNAcchAdanAzanaH / madhyamaH paJca vijJeyaH sahasraM tveva cottamaH / / bhUtikAmainanityaM satkAreSatsaveSu ca / / [ do sau pacAsa paNoM kA prathamasAhasa daNDa, pA~ca sau [ isalie satkAra tathA utsavoM meM lakSmI ke icchuka paNoM kA madhyamasAhasa daNDa aura hajAra paNoM kA uttamamanuSyoM dvArA bhUSaNa, vastra tathA bhojana ke dvArA striyoM sAhasa daNDa hotA hai| ] kA sammAna karanA caahie| uttarakAzI-uttarAkhaNDa kA pramukha tIrtha sthala / yahA~ aneka vrata-granthoM tathA purANoM meM asaMkhya utsavoM kA ullekha / thoM tathA jagaNoM meM asaMkhya utsavoM kA ullekha prAcIna mandiroM meM vizvanAthajI kA mandira tathA devaahai| unameM holikA dargotsava vizeSa prasiddha haiM, jinakA surasaMgrAma ke samaya chUTI huI zakti ( mandira ke sAmane kA ullekha anyatra kiyA gayA hai / 'utsava' zabda Rgveda trizUla ) darzanIya hai / pAsa hI gopezvara, parazurAma, dattA( 1.100.8 tathA 1.101.2) meM milatA hai| isa zabda treya, bhairava, annapUrNA, rudrezvara aura lakSezvara ke mandira kI vyutpatti utpUrvaka 'su' dhAtu se hai, jisakA sAmAnya haiN| dakSiNa meM ziva-durgA mandira aura pUrva meM jar3abharata artha hai "Upara uphana kara bahanA" arthAt Ananda kA ati- kA mandira hai / isake pUrva meM vAraNAvata parvata para vimalereka / utsava ke dina sAmUhika rUpa se Ananda umar3a kara zvara mahAdeva kA mandira hai / pUrva-kAzI ke samAna yaha bhI pravAhita hone lagatA hai| isIlie utsavoM ke dina prasA- bhAgIrathI gaMgA ke taTa para asi aura varaNA nadiyoM ke dhana, gAna, bhojana, milana, dAna-puNya Adi kA prAvi- madhya meM basI huI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki kaliyuga meM vizvadhAna hai| nAthajI vAstavika rUpa meM yahIM nivAsa karate haiN| utathya-maharSi aMgirA kA putra tathA devaguru bRhaspati kA uttarakriyA-pitaroM ke vArSika zrAddha Adi kI kriyA, jaise jyeSTha bhrAtA, yathA pretapitRtvamApanna sapiNDIkaraNAdanu / trayastvaGgirasaH putrA loke sarvatra vizrutAH / kriyante yAH kriyAH pitryaH procyante tA nRpottarAH // bRhaspatirutathyazca saMvartazca dhRtavrataH // (viSNupurANa) [ aGgirA ke tIna putra saMsAra meM prasiddha haiM--(1) bRha [ sapiNDIkaraNa ke pazcAt jaba preta pitara saMjJA ko spati, (1) utathya aura (3) vratadhArI saMvarta / ] mahA prApta ho jAtA hai taba usake bAda kI jAnevAlI kriyA ko bhArata aura purANoM meM inakI kathA vistAra se kahI gayI hai| uttara kriyA' kahate haiM / ] uttama-(1) svAyaMbhuva manu ke putra mahArAja uttAnapAda uttaragItA-'uttaragItA' mahAbhArata kA hI eka aMza aura mahArAnI suruci kA putra / uttAnapAda kI choTI rAnI mAnA jAtA hai / prasiddhi hai ki pANDavoM kI vijaya aura sunIti kA putra dhruva thaa| rAjyaprApti ke pazcAt zrI kRSNa ke satsaMga kA suavasara

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uttarapakSa-udakakamaM pAkara eka bAra arjuna ne kahA ki bhagavan ! yuddhArambha meM Apane jo gItA upadeza mujhako diyA thA, yuddha kI mAra-kATa aura bhAga-daur3a ke bIca use maiM bhUla gayA hU~ / kRpA kara vaha jJAnopadeza mujhako phira se sunA diijie| zrI kRSNa bole ki arjuna, ukta upadeza maiMne bahuta hI samAhitacita ( yogastha ) hokara divya anubhUti ke dvArA diyA thA, aba to maiM bhI usako AnupUrvI rUpa meM bhUla gayA huuN| phira bhI yathAsmRti use sunAtA hU~ isa prakAra zrI kRSNa kA bAda meM arjuna ko diyA gayA upadeza hI 'uttara gItA' nAma se prasiddha hai| svAmI zaMkarAcArya ke paramaguru gauDapAdAcArya kI vyAkhyA isake Upara pAyI jAtI hai, jisase isa grantha kA gaurava aura bhI bar3ha gayA hai / uttarapakSa pUrva pakSa kA viloma vivAda ke madhya pratipakSI ke siddhAntoM kA khaNDana karane ke pazcAt kisI vicAraka kA apanA jo mata hotA hai use uttarapakSa kahate haiM / uttarAphAlgunI azvinI Adi sattAIsa nakSatroM ke anta gaMta bArahavA~ nakSatra isameM paryadu ke AkAra ke do tAre haiN| isakA adhiSThAtA devatA arthamA hai| udvaha AkAzamaNDala ke sTaroM meM chAye hue sAta prakAra ke vAyuoM ke antargata eka vaayu| isakI sthiti Upara kI ora hotI hai| 'siddhAntaziromaNi' meM kathana hai AvahaH pravazcaiva vivahazca samIraNaH / paravahaH saMvahazcaiva udvahazca mahAbalaH / tathA parivahaH zrImAnutpAtabhayazaMsinaH / ityete kSubhitAH sapta mArutA gaganecarAH // [ Avaha, pravaha vivaha, paravaha, saMvaha, udvaha tathA parivaha; AkAzagAmI ye sAta pavana paraspara TakarAte hue upadrava hone kI sUcanA dete haiM / ] udvAha-vivAha eka strI ko patnI banAkara svIkAra karanA / yaha ATha prakAra kA hotA hai (manu0 3.21 ) : (1) vara ko bulAkara zakti ke anusAra kanyA ko alaMkRta karake jaba diyA jAtA hai, use 'brAhma vivAha' kahate haiM / (2) jahA~ yajJa meM sthita Rtvik vara ko kanyA dI jAtI hai, use 'deva vivAha' kahate haiN| (3) jahA~ vara se do baila lekara usI ke sAtha kanyA kA vivAha kara diyA jAtA hai| use 'Arya' vivAha kahate haiN| (4) jahA~ isake sAtha dharma kA AcaraNa karo" aisA niyama karake kanyAdAna kiyA 111 jAtA hai use 'prAjApatya' vivAha kahate haiM / (5) jahA~ dhana lekara kanyAdAna kiyA jAtA hai vaha 'Asura vivAha' kahalAtA hai / (6) jahA~ kanyA aura vara kA paraspara prema ho jAne ke kAraNa "tuma merI patnI ho", "tuma mere pati ho" aisA nizcaya kara liyA jAtA hai yaha 'gAndharva vivAha' kahalAtA hai / ( 7 ) jahA~ para balapUrvaka kanyA kA apaharaNa kara liyA jAtA hai use 'rAkSasa vivAha' kahate haiM / (8) jahA~ soyI huI, matta athavA pramatta kanyA ke sAtha nirjana meM balAtkAra kiyA jAtA hai, vaha 'paizAca vivAha' kahalAtA hai| vivAha kA zAbdika artha hai 'uThAkara le jAnA' / kyoMki vivAha ke antargata kanyA ko usake pitA ke para se patigRha ko uThA le jAte haiM, isalie isa kriyA ko 'udvAha' kahA jAtA hai / vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'vivAha' / uddAlaka yaha vrata 'patitasAvitrIka' (upanayana saMskArahIna logoM ke lie hai| aisA batalAyA gayA hai ki uSNa dugdha tathA 'AmikSA' para hI vratI ko do mAsa taka nirbhara rahanA cAhie / ATha dina taka dahI para tathA tIna dina ghI para jIvana-yApana karanA cAhie antima dina pUrNa upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| uddAlaka AruNi aruNa kA putra uddAlaka AruNi vaidika kAla ke atyanta prasiddha AcAryoM meM se thA / vaha zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 11.4.1.2 ) meM kurupaJcAla kA brAhmaNa kahA gayA hai / vaha apane pitA aruNa tathA madradezIya pataJcala kAvya kA bhI ziSya ( bRhadA0 upa0 ) tathA prasiddha yAjJavalkya RSi kA guru thA ( vRhadA0 upa0 ) / taittirIya saMhitA meM aruNa kA nAma to AtA hai, AruNi kA nahIM / uddAlaka kA vAstavika putra zvetaketu thA, jisakA samarthana Apastamba ne apane samaya ke avara vyakti ke rUpa meM kiyA hai / udakakarma - mRtaka ke lie jaladAna kI kriyaa| yaha kaI prakAra se sampanna hotI hai / eka mata se sabhI sambandhI ( 7 vIM yA 10 vIM pIr3hI taka ) jala meM praveza karate hai| ve kevala eka hI vastra pahane rahate haiM aura yajJasUtra dAhine kandhe para laTakatA rahatA hai / ve apanA mukha dakSiNa kI ora karate haiM, mRtaka kA nAma lete hue eka-eka aJjali pAnI dete haiM / phira pAnI se bAhara Akara apane bhIge kapar3e nicor3ate haiN|

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112 udakaparIkSA-udayana snAna ke bAda sambadhI eka sApha ghAsa ke maidAna meM baiThate nirjaleSu ca dezeSu khanayAmAsuruttamAn / haiM jahA~ unakA manabahalAva kathAoM athavA yama-gIta dvArA udapAnAn bahuvidhAn vedikAparimaNDitAn / kiyA jAtA hai| ghara ke dvAra para ve picumaNDa ko patI [jala rahita pradezoM meM aneka prakAra kI vedikAoM se cabAte haiM, mukha dhote haiM, pAnI, agni tathA gobara Adi kA susajjita uttama kueM khode gaye / ] sparza karate haiM, eka patthara para car3hate haiM aura taba ghara meM yaha 'iSTApUrta' nAmaka puNyakarmoM meM 'pUrta' ke antargata praveza karate haiN| vizeSa kRtya hai| isako khudavAne se bar3A bhArI puNya udakaparIkSA-jala ke dvArA aparAdha ke satyAsatya kI priikssaa| hotA hai| divya pramANoM meM yaha AtA hai / vAda utpanna hone para udamaya Atareya-aitareya brAhmaNa (8.22 ) meM udamaya cAra pramANoM ke AdhAra para nyAya kiyA jAtA hai| ve haiM- Atareya ko aGga vairocana kA pArivArika purohita kahA (1) likhita, (2) bhukti, (3) sAkSI aura (4) divya / / udakaparIkSA divya kA hI eka prakAra hai / jala ke prayoga se udayagiri-khaNDagiri-bhuvanezvara se sAta mIla pazcima yaha parIkSA hotI hai, kyoMki hindU dharma meM jala ko bahuta udayagiri tathA khaNDagiri nAmaka pahAr3iyA~ haiM / yaha pavitra mAnA jAtA hai aura yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki pradhAnataH jaina tIrtha hai, parantu sabhI hindU isako pavitra jalasparza karate samaya koI jhUTha nahIM bolegaa| Ajakala mAnate haiN| yahA~ kaliGga deza ke 500 muni mokSa prAyaH gaGgAjala isake lie prayukta hotA hai| prApta kara gaye haiM / donoM,pahAr3iyA~ samIpa haiN| udayagiri prAcIna rIti meM doSI vyakti ko nirdhArita samaya taka kA nAma kumAragiri hai / mahAvIra svAmI yahA~ padhAre the| jala meM DubakI lagAnI hotI thI / samaya se pUrva Upara uTha isameM aneka guphAeM haiN| unameM aneka mUrtiyA~ utkIrNa haiM / Ane vAlA vyakti aparAdhI mAna liyA jAtA thaa| khaNDagiri ke zikhara para eka jaina mandira hai| do mandira udakasaptamI-isameM saptamI ko eka aJjali pAnI pIkara vrata aura hai / pAsa hI AkAzagaGgA nAmaka kuNDa hai| Age rakhane kA vidhAna hai / isase Ananda kI prApti hotI hai / de0 guptagaGgA, zyAmakuNDa tathA rAdhAkuNDa hai| eka guphA meM kRtyakalpataru kA vratakANDa, 184, hemAdri, vratakhaNDa 726 / 24 tIrthaMkaroM kI pratimAeM utkIrNa haiN| udayagiri tathA udgAtA-sAmagAna karane vAlA yAjaka 'udgAtA' kaha- khaNDagiri kI prAcIna guphAoM tathA vahA~ ko zilpa kI lAtA hai| harivaMza meM kathana hai : kalA ko dekhane ke lie dUra-dUra se loga Ate haiN| brahmANaM paramaM vaktrAdudgAtAraJca sAmagam / udayana-nyAyadarzana ke AcAryoM meM udayana kA sthAna bar3A hotAramatha cAdhvaryu bAhubhyAmasRjatprabhuH // hI U~cA hai / inake dvArA viracita 'kusumAJjali' meM Izvara [ prajApati ne brahmA ko tathA sAmagAna karane vAle ud- kI sattA ko bhalI bhA~ti pramANita kiyA gayA hai| yaha gAtA ko apane mukha se aura hotA tathA adhvarya ko bAhaoM grantha dUsare IzvaravAdI dArzanikoM ko bhI priya hai / udayana se utpanna kiyA / ] ne isameM bhAskara (bhAskarAcArya) para AkSepa kiyA hai, jo vaidika yajJoM, vizeSa kara somayajJa meM, sAmaveda ke mantroM kA vedAnta ke AcArya the aura jinhoMne apane bhASya (bhAskaragAna hotA thA / gAne vAle purohita ko 'udgAtA' kahate bhASya) meM zAGkara mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| udayanAcArya the / udgAtA ko do prakAra kI zikSA lenI par3atI thii| ne 'nyAyavArtikatAtparyaparizuddhi' kI bhI racanA kI hai| yaha pahalI zikSA thI-zuddha evaM zIghra mantroM kA gAyana, tathA grantha vAcaspati kI TIkA kA hI spaSTIkaraNa hai| una sabhI svaroM kI jAnakArI jo vizeSa kara somayajJoM meM kahate haiM ki AcArya udayana jaba jagannAthajI ke darzana prayukta hote the| dUsarI zikSA se isa bAta kA smaraNa karane gaye usa samaya mandira ke paTa banda the| isase AcArya rakhanA hotA thA ki kisa somayajJa meM kauna sA sUkta yA ne vyaMgyavacanapUrvaka unakI isa prakAra stuti kI : mantra gAna karanA pdd'egaa| aizvaryamadamattosi mAmavajJAya vartase / udapAna-jisameM se jala piyA jAtA hai / amarakoza ke anu upasthiteSu bauddheSu madadhInA tava sthitiH / sAra isakA artha kUpa hai / anyatra bhI kahA hai : [ jagat ke nAtha (Izvara) hone se matta hokara

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uvasevikA-unmai vilakkama Apa merA tiraskAra kara chipa gaye haiN| kintu bauddhoM cAra naiyAyikoM kA ullekha karate hue inheM IsA kI chaThI (nAstikoM) kA sAmanA hone para ApakI sattA mere tarkoM zatAbdI meM utpanna batAyA hai| udyotakara ne prasiddha bauddha se hI siddha ho sakatI hai|] naiyAyika diGnAga ke 'pramANasamuccaya' nAmaka grantha kA udasevikA-yaha utsava ThIka usI prakAra manAyA jAtA hai khaNDana karake vAtsyAyana kA mata sthApita kiyA hai| jaise bhUtamAta utsava hotA hai| yaha eka zAkta tAntrika inakA eka nAma bharadvAja bhI hai tathA inheM pAzupatAcArya prakriyA hai| indradhvajotsava ke avasara para dhvaja ko bhI kahA gayA hai, jisase inake pAzupata zaiva hone kA anuutAra lene ke pazcAt isakA AcaraNa kiyA jAnA mAna lagAyA jAtA hai| caahie| yaha bhAdrapada zakla pakSa trayodazI ko manAyA jAtA unmattabhairavatantra-tantrazAstra ke maulika grantha zivokta thA / isakI samAnatA kucha aMzoM meM roma kI rahasyAtmaka kahe gaye haiN| 'tantra' atiguhya tattva samajhA jAtA hai / 'baikAneliyA' (holI jaisI rAgAtmaka ceSTAoM) se kI jA yathArthataH dIkSita aura abhiSikta ke sivA kisI ke sAmane sakatI hai| skanda purANa meM thor3I bhinnatA ke sAtha isa yaha zAstra prakaTa nahIM karanA cAhie / 'Agamatattvavrata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / isa viSaya meM matabheda hai ki vilAsa' meM 64 tantroM kI sUcI dI huI hai, jisameM 'unmatta utsava kaba aura kahA~ Ayojita kiyA jAya / prAyaH yaha bhairava' cautIsavA~ hai| AgamatattvavilAsa kI sUcI ke pUrNimAnta meM hotA thaa| aba isakA pracAra prAyaH banda hai| sivA anya bahuta se sthAnoM para isa tantra kA ullekha udAsI-sikkhoM ke mukhya do sampradAya haiM : (1) sahijadhArI huA hai| aura (2) siMha / sahijadhAriyoM evaM siMhoM ke bhI kaI unmanI-haThayoga kI mudrAoM meM se eka mudraa| isakA upasampradAya hai| udAsI (saMnyAsamArgI) sahijadhArI zAbdika artha hai 'virakta athavA udAsIna honA' / saMsAra zAkhA ke haiN| isa mata (udAsIna) ke pravartaka nAnaka ke putra zrIcandra the| isa mata kA prArambha lagabhaga 1439 I0 meM se virakti ke lie isa mudrA kA abhyAsa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM dRSTi ko nAsAgra para kendrita karate haiM aura huaa| zrIcandra ne nAnaka ke mata ko kucha vyApaka rUpa dekara yaha nayA mata calAyA, jo sanAtanI hinduoM ke bhRkuTi (bhauMha) kA Upara kI ora prakSepa karate haiM / gorakha, nikaTa hai| kabIra Adi yogamArgI santoM ne sAdhanA ke lie isa udgItha-oMkArasaMpuTita sAmagAna kI vizeSa rIti : mudrA ko bahuta upayogI mAnA hai| 'gorakhabAnI' meM nimnAM kita vacana pAye jAte haiM : 'omityetadakSaramudgIthamupAsIta / ' ( chAndogya u0 ) asminnagastyapramukhA pradeze mahAnta udgIthavido vasanti / tuTI DorI rasa kasa bahai / (uttara carita) unmanI lAgA asthira rahai / / udgItA Agama-AgamoM kA pracalana zava sampradAya ke unmani lAgA hoi ananda / itihAsa meM eka mahattvapUrNa sAhityika ghaTanA hai / paramparA tUTI DorI vinasai kanda / ke anusAra 28 Agama haiM, jinheM zaivika evaM raudrika do kabIra ne bhI kahA hai (kabIrasAkhI saMgraha) : vargoM meM bAMTA gayA hai| 'udgItA' athavA 'prodgItA ha~sai na bolai unmanI, caMcala melyA bhAra / Agama' raudrika Agama hai| kaha kabIra antara biMdhA, satagura kA hathiyAra / udyotakara-nyAyadarzana ke vikhyAta vyAkhyAtA / gautama unmaivilakkam-zaiva siddhAnta kA eka prasiddha grantha / RSi ke nyAyasUtroM para vAtsyAyana kA bhASya hai / isa tamila zaivoM meM meyakaNDa deva kI pracura prasiddhi hai / inhoMne bhASya para udyotakara ne vArtika likhA hai| vArtika kI terahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM uttara bhArata meM race gaye vyAkhyA vAcaspati mizra ne 'nyAyavArtikatAtparyaTIkA' bAraha saMskRta sUtroM kA tamila padya meM anuvAda kiyaa| ke nAma se likhI hai| isa TIkA kI bhI TIkA udayanA- ye saMmAnya AcArya bhI the aura inake aneka ziSya the cAryakRta 'tAtparyaparizuddhi' hai / vAsavadattAkAra subandhu ne jinameM se eka ziSya mAna vAcakama kaNDadAna kI prasiddhi mallanAga, nyAyasthiti, dharmakIti aura udyotakara ina 'unmavilakkam' nAmaka bhASya ke kAraNa bahuta adhika

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114 upakramaparAkrama-upadeza hai / yaha racanA 54 padyoM meM zaiva siddhAnta ko praznottara ke rUpa meM prastuta karatI hai| upakramaparAkrama-appaya dIkSita racita pUrvamImAMsAdarzana kA eka grantha / upakrama evaM upasaMhArAdi SaDvidha liGgoM se zAstra kA nirNaya kiyA jAtA hai| isa grantha meM yaha dikhalAyA gayA hai ki upakrama hI sabase adhika prabala hai aura grantha kA pratipAdya siddhAnta isI se spaSTa ho jAtA hai| upakurvANa-brahmacarya Azrama pUrNa karane ke anantara jo snAtaka gRhastha hotA hai usako upakurvANa kahate haiN| snAtaka do prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) upakurvANa aura (2) naiSThika / adhikAMza snAtaka upakurvANa hote haiM jo AcArya kI anujJA lekara gArhasthya Azrama meM praveza karate haiN| upakUrvANa kA artha hai 'karmaniSTha' / naiSThika kA artha hai 'jJAnaniSTha' / kucha snAtaka aise hote the jo gArhasthya meM nahIM AnA cAhate the| ve gurukula meM hI AjIvana brahmacArI rahakara jJAnArjana karate the / upakUpajalAzaya-ku~e ke pAsa banAyA gayA jalAzaya / ka~e ke pAsa pazuoM ke pIne ke lie patthara Adi ke dvArA bA~dhA gayA pAnI rakhane kA sthAna / yaha pUrta karma mAnA jAtA hai / isake banavAne se adRSTa puNya hotA hai| upakSepaNadharma-upakSepaNa rUpa dharma / zUdra kA anna, jise brAhmaNa ke ghara pakAne ke lie diyA gayA ho, upakSepaNa kahalAtA hai| upagranthasUtra-sAmavedIya sUtragranthoM meM se eka sUtragrantha / / RgvedIya anukramaNikAkAra SaDguruziSya ne likhA hai ki 'upagranthasatra' kAtyAyana dvArA nirmita haA hai| upagrahaNa-upAkaraNa kA paryAya / saMskArapUrvaka guru se vedoM kA grahaNa karanA upagrahaNa kahalAtA hai| zrAvaNI pUrNimA ko yaha kRtya kiyA jAtA hai / de0 'upAkarma' / upajJA-sarvaprathama utpanna jJAna, upadeza ke vinA hRdaya meM svataH udbhUta prathama jJAna / jaise vAlmIki ko zloka nirmANa karane kA jJAna prApta ho gayA thA : 'atha prAcetasopajJaM rAmAyaNamitastataH / ' (raghuvaMza 15,63) [isake pazcAt vAlmIki ne rAmAyaNa kA svataH jJAna prApta kiyA / upatantra-tantrazAstra zivapraNIta kahA jAtA hai| aise tantra saMkhyA meM sau se bhI adhika haiM / vArAhI tantra se yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki jaimini, kapila, nArada, garga, pulastya, bhRgu, zukra, bRhaspati Adi RSiyoM ne bhI kaI upatantra race haiM jinakI ginatI nahIM ho sktii| (de0 Agama) upadevatA-jo devatA kI samAnatA ko prApta ho, yakSa, bhata Adi / upadevatA dasa hai, jaisA ki amarakoza meM batAyA gayA hai : vidyAdharA'psaroyakSarakSogandharvakinnarAH / pizAco guhyakaH siddho bhUto'mI devayonayaH / / [(1) vidyAdhara, (2) apsarA, (3) yakSa, (4) rAkSasa, (5) gandharva, (6) kinnara, (7) pizAca, (8) guhyaka, (9) siddha aura (10) bhUta / ye devayoniyA~ haiM / ] upadeza-mantra Adi kA zikSaNa yA kathana / usakA paryAya hai dIkSA / yathA : sUryacandragrahe tIrthe siddhakSetre zivAlaye / mantramAtraprakathanamupadezaH sa ucyate // (rAmArcanacandrikA) [candra-sUryagrahaNa, tIrtha, siddhakSetra, zivAlaya meM mantra kahane ko upadeza kahate hai / ] hitakathana ko bhI upadeza kahA jAtA hai| hitopadeza ke vigraha khaNDa meM kahA hai : 'upadezo hi mUrkhANAM prakopAya na zAntaye / ' [mUoM ko hitakara vacana se krodha hI AtA hai, zAnti nahIM / zikSaNa ke artha meM bhI yaha zabda prayukta hotA hai, manu (8.272) ne isakA prayoga isI artha meM kiyA hai| hindU saMskRti meM maukhika upadeza dvArA bhArI janasamUha ke sAmane pracAra karane kI prathA nahIM thii| yahA~ ke sabhI AcAryoM ne AcaraNa athavA caritra ke Upara bar3A jora diyA hai| samAja kA prakRta sudhAra caritra ke sudhAra meM hI nihita hai| kore vicAra ke pracAra se AcAra saMgaThita nahIM hotA / isalie AcAra kA Adarza sthApita karane vAle zikSaka 'AcArya' kahalAte the / upadezaka unakA nAma na thA / jahA~ taka patA calatA hai, bhArI janasamUha ke sAmane maukhika vyAkhyAna dvArA vicAroM ke pracAra karane kI paddhati kI nIMva sarvaprathama mahAtmA gautama buddha aura unake anuyAyiyoM ne DAlI / taba se isa rUpa meM dharma ke pracAra kI rIti cala pdd'ii|

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upadezaratnamAlA-upanayana 115 kebala: . upanaya kara ko upa upadezaratnamAlA-zrIvaiSNava sampradAya kA eka prasiddha grantha, jo tamila bhASA meM likhA gayA hai / isake racayitA govindAcArya kA janma pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM mAnA jAtA hai| upadezasAhasrI-zaGkarAcArya dvArA racita advaita vedAnta kA eka pradhAna grantha / mahAtmA rAmatIrtha ne isa grantha para 'padayojanikA' nAmaka TIkA kA nirmANa kiyA / zaGkarA- cArya ke vedAnta sambandhI siddhAntoM kA isameM eka sahasra zlokoM meM saMkSipta sAra hai| upadezAmata-jIva gosvAmI (solahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM utpanna) dvArA racita granthoM meM se eka / yaha grantha inake acintyabhedAbhedavAda (caitanyamata) ke anusAra likhA gayA hai / granthakartA prasiddha bhakta aura gaur3Iya vaiSNavAcArya rUpa aura sanAtana gosvAmI ke bhatIje the / caitanyadaiva ke antardhAna ke bAda jIva gosvAmI vRndAvana cale Aye aura yahIM para inakI pratibhA kA vikAsa huaa| phalataH inhoMne bhaktimArga ke aneka grantha prastuta kara baMgAla meM vaiSNava dharma kA pracAra karane ke lie zrInivAsa Adi ko udhara bhejA thaa| upadeSTA-upadeza dene vAlA / yaha guruvat pUjya hai : tathopadeSTAramapi pUjayecca tato gurum / na pUjyate guruyaMtra naraistatrAphalA kriyA / / (bRhaspati) [upadezaka guru kI vaisI hI pUjA karanI cAhie jaise guru kii| jahA~ manuSya guru kI pUjA nahIM karate vahA~ kriyA viphala hotI hai|] upadharma-hIna dharma athavA pAkhaNDa / manusmRti ( 2.337) meM kathana hai : eSa dharmaH paraH sAkSAd upadharmo'nya ucyate / [ yaha sAkSAt parama dharma hai aura anya (isase viruddha) upadharma kahA gayA hai| ] upadhA-rAjAoM dvArA gupta rUpa se mantriyoM ke caritra kI parIkSA / prAcIna rAjazAstra meM upadhAzuddha mantrIgaNa zreSTha yA vizvasta mAne jAte the| upadhi-chala, dhokhA, kapaTa : 'yatra vApyapadhi pazyeta tatsarvaM vinivartayeta / ' [jahA~ kapaTapUrvaka koI vastu beMcI yA dI gayI ho vaha saba lauTavA denI cAhie / ] kirAta0 (1,45) meM bhI kahA gayA hai : ariSu hi vijayArthinaH kSitIzA vidadhati sopadhi sandhidUSaNAni / [vijaya kA icchuka rAjA kapaTapUrvaka zatruoM ke sAtha kI huI sandhi ko bhaGga kara detA hai / ] upanaya-vizeSa karmAnuSThAna ke sAtha guru ke samIpa meM le jAnA / yathA : gRhyoktakarmaNA yena samIpaM nIyate garoH / bAlo vedAya tadyogAd bAlasyopanayaM viduH / / (smRti) [ vedajJAna ke lie gRhyasUtra meM kahe gaye karma ke dvArA bAlaka ko jo guru ke pAsa lAyA jAtA hai use upanaya kahate haiN|] takazAstra meM hetu ke bala se kisI nizcaya para pahu~canA bhI upanaya kahalAtA hai| upanayana-eka dhArmika kRtya, jisake dvArA bAlaka ko AcArya ke pAsa vidyAdhyayana ke lie le jAte haiN| isake kaI paryAya haiM-(1) vaTUkaraNa, (2) upanAya, (3) upanaya, (4) Anaya Adi / saMsAra kI sabhI jAtiyoM meM bAlaka ko jAti kI sAMskRtika sampatti meM praveza karAne ke lie koI na koI saMskAra hotA hai| hinduoM meM isake lie upanayana saMskAra hai / aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki isase bAlaka kA dUsarA janma hotA hai aura isake pazcAt vaha sUkSma jJAna aura saMskAra ko grahaNa karane meM samartha ho jAtA hai / mAtA-pitA se janma zArIrika janma hai| AcAryakula (garukula) meM jJAnamaya janma bauddhika janma hai| manusmRti (2.170) meM kathana hai : tatra yad brahmajanmAsya maujIbandhanacihnitam / tatrAsya mAtA sAvitrI pitA tvAcArya ucyate / / [ muMja kI karadhanI se cihnita bAlaka kA jo brahma(jJAna) janma hai, usameM usakI mAtA sAvitro (gAyatrI mantra) aura pitA AcArya kahA jAtA hai| ] isa saMskAra se bAlaka 'dvija' (do janma vAlA) hotA hai / jo jar3atA athavA mUr3hatA se yaha saMskAra nahIM karAtA vaha vrAtya athavA vRSala hai| upanayana kA uddezya hai bAlaka ke jJAna, zauca aura

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116 upanayana AcAra kA vikAsa krnaa| isa sambandha meM yAjJavalkya- kumArasyopanayanaM zrutAbhijanavRttavAn / smRti (1.15) kA kathana hai : tapasA dhUtaniHzeSapApmA kuryAd dvijottamaH // zaunaka upanIya guruH ziSyaM mahAvyAhRtipUrvakam / satyavAg dhRtimAn dakSaH sarvabhUtadayAparaH / vedamadhyApayedenaM zaucAcArAMzca zikSayet / / Astiko vedanirataH zucirAcArya ucyate / / [guru ko mahAvyAhRti (bhaH bhuvaH svaH) ke sAtha ziSya vedAdhyayanasampanno vRttimAn vijitendriyaH / kA upanayana karake usako vedAdhyayana karAnA tathA zauca dakSotsAhI yathAvRttajIvanehastu vRttimAn / / yama aura AcAra kI zikSA denI cAhie / ] vibhinna varNa ke saMskAra sampanna karane ke lie kisI upayukta samaya bAlakoM ke upanayanArtha vibhinna Aya kA vidhAna hai; kA cunAva kiyA jAtA hai / prAyaH upanayana jaba sUrya brAhmaNabAlaka kA upanayana AThaveM varSa meM, kSatriyabAlaka uttarAyaNa meM (bhUmadhya rekhA ke uttara) rahatA hai tava kiyA kA gyArahaveM varSa meM, vaizyabAlaka kA bArahaveM varSa meM honA jAtA hai / parantu vaizya bAlaka kA upanayana dakSiNAyana meM cAhie / de0 pAraskaragRhyasUtra, 2.2; manusmRti, 2.36; bhI ho sakatA hai / vibhinna vargoM ke lie vibhinna Rtue~ yAjJavalkyasmRti, 1.11 / isa avadhi ke apavAda bhI pAye nizcita hai| brAhmaNa bAlaka ke lie vasanta, kSatriya jAte haiM / pratibhAzAlI bAlakoM kA upanayana kama Ayu meM bAlaka ke lie grISma, vaizya bAlaka ke lie zarada tathA bhI ho sakatA hai| brahmavarcasa kI kAmanA karane vAle rathakAra ke lie varSA Rtu nirdhArita haiN| ye vibhinna brAhmaNa bAlaka kA upanayana pA~caveM varSa meM ho sakatA hai| Rtue~ vibhinna vargoM ke svabhAva tathA vyavasAya ko upanayana kI antima avadhi brAhmaNa bAlaka ke lie solaha pratIka haiN| varSa, kSatriya bAlaka ke lie bAIsa varSa aura vaizya bAlaka / saMskAra ke Arambha meM kSaurakarma (muNDana) aura snAna ke lie caubIsa varSa hai| yadi koI vyakti nirdhArita aMtima ke pazcAt bAlaka ko guru kI ora se brahmacArI ke anuavadhi ke pazcAt bhI anupanIta raha jAya to vaha sAvitrI kUla paridhAna diye jAte haiN| unameM prathama kaupIna hai jo patita, Aryadharma se vihita, brAtya ho jAtA hai| manu gupta aGgoM ko Dhakane ke lie hotA hai| zarIra ke sambandha (2.39) kA kathana hai : meM yaha sAmAjika cetanA kA prArambha hai| mantra ke sAtha ata UrdhvaM trayo'pyete yathAkAlamasaMskRtAH / AcArya kaupIna tathA anya vastra detA hai| isake sAtha hI sAvitrIpatitA vrAtyA bhavantyAryavihitAH / / brahmacArI ko mekhalA pradAna kI jAtI hai| isakI upaparantu vrAtya ho jAne ke pazcAt bhI Arya samAja yogitA zArIrika sphUrti aura AntrajAla kI puSTi ke (ziSTa samAja) meM lauTane kA rAstA banda nahIM ho jAtA, lie hotI hai| vrAtyastoma nAmaka prAyazcitta karake punaH upanayanapUrvaka samAja meM lauTane kA vidhAna hai : mekhalA ke pazcAt brahmacArI ko yajJopavIta pahanAyA teSAM saMskArepsutyistomeneSTvA kAmamadhIyIta / jAtA hai / yaha itanA mahattvapUrNa hai ki Ajakala upanayana (pAraskaragRhyasUtra 2.5.54) saMskAra kA nAma hI yajJopavIta saMskAra ho gayA hai / yajJaisake lie AcArya kA nirvAcana bar3e mahattva kA hai| upavIta kA artha hai 'yajJa ke samaya pahanA huA UparI upanayana kA uddezya jJAna kI prApti aura caritra kA nirmANa vastra / ' vAstava meM yaha yajJavastra hI thA jo saMkSipta hai| yadi AcArya jJAnasampanna aura saccaritra na ho to pratIka ke rUpa meM tIna sUtra mAtra raha gayA hai| vaha ziSya ke jIvana kA nirmANa nahIM kara sktaa| 'jisako isI prakAra mRgacarma, daNDa Adi bhI upayukta mantroM ke avidvAn AcArya upanIta karatA hai vaha andhakAra se andha- sAtha pradAna kiye jAte haiM / kAra meM praveza karatA hai / ataH kulIna, vidvAna tathA Atma- brahmacArI ko paridhAna samarpita karane ke pazcAta kaI saMyamI AcArya kI kAmanA karanI caahie|' de0 'upa- ___ eka pratIkAtmaka karma kiye jAte haiM / pahalA hai AcArya dvArA niSad' / smRtiyoM meM AcArya ke guNoM para vizeSa bala apanI bharI huI aJjali se brahmacArI kI aJjali meM diyA gayA hai :. jala DAlanA, jo zucitA aura jJAna-pradAna kA pratIka hai /

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upanyAsa-upaniSad dUsarA hai brahmacArI dvArA sUryadarzana / yaha niyama, vrata upaniSad-yaha zabda 'upa + ni+ sad + vivap' se banA aura upAsanA kA pratIka hai / hai, jisakA artha hai (guru) ke nikaTa (rahasyamaya jJAna kI ___ ina pratIkAtmaka kriyAoM ke bAda AcArya bAlaka ko prApti ke lie) baiThanA / ' arthAt upaniSad vaha sAhitya brahmacArI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai aura pUchatA hai, hai jisameM jIvana aura jagat ke rahasyoM kA udghATana, "tU kisakA vidyArthI hai ?" vaha uttara detA hai, nirUpaNa tathA vivecana hai| vaidika sAhitya ke cAra bhAga "ApakA / " AcArya saMzodhana karate hue kahatA hai, "tU haiM-(1) mantra athavA saMhitA, (2) brAhmaNa, (3) Araindra kA brahmacArI hai / agni terA AcArya hai| maiM terA Nyaka tathA (4) upaniSad / upaniSad vaidika sAhitya kA AcArya huuN|" antima bhAga athavA carama pariNati hai| mantra athavA saMhitAoM meM mUlataH karmakANDa, jJAnakANDa aura upAsanA yajJopavIta ke samAna sAvitrI (gAyatrI mantra bhI upa kA pratipAdana huA hai| inhIM viSayoM kA brAhmaNoM aura nayana saMskAra kA eka viziSTa aura mahattvapUrNa aGga hai| yaha zaikSaNika tathA bauddhika jIvana kA malamantra hai| sAvitrI upaniSadoM meM vistAra tathA vyAkhyAna huA hai| brAhmaNoM meM karmakANDa kA vistAra evaM vyAkhyAna hai, AraNyaka ko brahmacArI kI mAtA kahA gayA hai| AcArya sAvitrI evaM upaniSadoM meM jJAna aura upAsanA kaa| vaidika sAhitya mantra kA uccAraNa brahmacArI ke sAmane karatA hai : kA antima bhAga hone se upaniSadeM vedAnta (veda + anta) bhUrbhuvaH svaH / tatsaviturvareNyam, bhI kahalAtI haiM, kyoMki vedoM ke antima dhyeya brahma kA bhargo devasya dhImahi, unameM nirUpaNa hai| vedAntadarzana ke tIna prasthAna haiMdhiyo yo naH pracodayAt // upaniSad, brahmasUtra tathA giitaa| inameM upaniSad kA prathama [ yaha hai (asti)| yaha samRddhi aura prakAzasvarUpa hai| sthAna hai| hama savitA (samasta sRSTi ko utpanna karane vAle) deva ke pratyeka veda kI saMhitAeM, brAhmaNa, AraNyaka tathA zubhra teja ko dhAraNa karate haiN| vaha hamArI buddhi ko upaniSad bhinna-bhinna hotI haiN| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki pradIpta kre|] cAroM vedoM kI eka sahasra eka sau assI upaniSadeM hai__sAvitrI ke upadeza ke pazcAta AhavanIya agni meN| parantu isa samaya sabhI upalabdha nahIM haiM / pramukha bAraha upaAhati, bhikSAcaraNa, trirAtra vrata, medhAjanana Adi vratoM niSadeM haiM-(1) IzAvAsya (2) kena (3) kaTha (4) prazna kA brahmacArI ke lie vidhAna hai / ye sabhI zaikSaNika evaM (5) muNDaka (6) mANDUkya (7) taittirIya (8) aitareya bauddhika mahattva ke hai / upanayana saMskAra ke sabhI aGga (9) chAndogya (10) bRhadAraNyaka (11) kauSItaki aura milakara eka aisA vAtAvaraNa taiyAra karate haiM jisase / (12) zvetAzvatara / ina para AcArya zaGkara ke prAmANika brahmacArI anubhava karatA hai ki usake jIvana meM eka nava- bhASya haiN| anya AcAryoM-rAmAnuja, madhva, nimbArka, yuga kA prAdurbhAva ho rahA hai, jahA~ usake bauddhika evaM vallabha Adi ne bhI apane-apane sAmpradAyika bhASya ina bhAvanAtmaka vikAsa kI ananta sambhAvanA hai| para likhe haiN| sabhI sampradAya apane mata kA mUla upaniupanyAsa-vAsyopakrama, paricayAtmaka vacana, Arambhika SadoM meM hI DhUr3hate hai| ataH apane sampradAya kI pratiSThA ke lie pratyeka AcArya ko upaniSadoM para bhASya likhanA vastuvarNana, yathA Avazyaka ho gayA thaa| mukhya upaniSadoM kA paricaya nIce 'brahmajijJAsopanyAsamukhena / ' (zArIraka bhASya) diyA jA rahA hai : [brahmajijJAsA ke prAthamika ullekha dvaaraa| isakA 1. IzAvAsya-isa upaniSad kA yaha nAma isa dUsarA artha 'vicAra' hai, jaisA ki manu ne kahA hai : lie hai ki isakA prathama mantra 'IzAvAsyamidaM sarvam...' vizvajanyamimaM puNyamapanyAsaM nibodhata / se prArambha hotA hai| yaha yajurveda kA cAlIsavA~ adhyAya [ kahe jA rahe, sarvajanahitakArI pavitra vicAra hai| isameM saba milAkara kevala aThAraha mantra haiN| parantu ko suno|] saMkSepa se inameM upaniSadoM ke sabhI viSayoM kA bahuta

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118 prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se nirUpaNa huA hai / ataH yaha bahuta lokapriya hai| 2. kenopaniSad - isake nAmakaraNa kA kAraNa yaha hai ki isakA prArambha 'keneSitaM patati preSitaM manaH' vAkya se hotA hai| yaha sAmaveda kI jaiminIya zAkhA ke brAhmaNagrantha kA navama adhyAya hai isako 'brAhmaNopaniSad' bhI kahate haiM / isakA pratipAdya viSaya brahmatattva hai| isake anusAra jo brahmatattva jAna letA hai vaha sabhI bandhanoM se mukta hokara mokSa ko prApta karatA hai / / 3. kaThopaniSad - kRSNayajurveda kI kaThazAlA ke anta rgata yaha upaniSad AtI hai / isameM do adhyAya aura chaH valliyA~ haiM / isakA prArambha naciketA kI kathA se hotA hai, jisameM zreya aura preya kA sundara vivecana hai| 4. praznopaniSad - atharvaveda kI pippalAda saMhitA ke brAhmaNagrantha kA eka aMza praznopaniSada kahalAtA hai / isameM praznottara ke rUpa meM prAtatva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isIlie isakA yaha nAmakaraNa huA / 5. muNDakopaniSad - atharvaveda kI zaunaka zAkhA kA eka aMza muNDakopaniSad hai| isameM tIna muNDaka aura pratyeka muNDaka meM do-do adhyAya haiN| sRSTi kI utpatti tathA brahmatatva isake vicAraNIya viSaya hai| 6. mANDUkyopaniSad - yaha atharvaveda kI eka saMkSipta upaniSad hai / isameM kevala bAraha mantra haiM / isameM 'oMkAra' ke mahatva kA nirUpaNa hai / upaniSad hai / brAhmaNagrantha ke 7. taittirIyopaniSad - yaha yajurvedIya kRSNa yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA ke antima bhAga ko 'taittirIya AraNyaka' kahate haiN| yaha AraNyaka dasa prapAThakoM meM vibhAjita hai| inameM se sAta se nau taka ke prapAThakoM ko taittirIya upaniSad kahate haiM / uparyukta tIna prapAThakoM ke kramazaH zikSAvallI, brahmAnandavallI aura bhRguvallI nAma haiM / prathama vallI meM zikSA kA mAhAtmya, dUsarI meM brahmatattva kA nirUpaNa tathA tIsarI meM varuNa dvArA apane putra ko upadeza haiM / 8. aitareyopaniSad - yaha RgvedIya upaniSad hai| Rgveda ke 'aitareya brAhmaNa' ke pAMca bhAga hai jinako pA~ca Ara vyaka kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| isake dvitIya AraNyaka ke caturtha se SaSTha- tIna adhyAyoM ko aitareyopaniSad kahate upaniSad haiM / ina tIna adhyAoM meM kramazaH sRSTi jIvAtmA aura brahmatatva kA nirUpaNa hai / 9. chAndogya upaniSad - sAmaveda kI kauthumI zAkhA ke tIna brAhmaNa haiM - ( 1 ) tANDava, (2) pavaMza aura (3) mantra / inhIM ke antima ATha adhyAya chAndogya brAhmaNa athavA chAndogya upaniSad kahalAte haiM / ye ATha adhyAya bahuta vistRta haiM ataH yaha upaniSad bahuta vizAla hai / 10. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad -- zukla yajurveda kI do zAkhAeM haiN| una donoM kA brAhmaNagranva 'zatapatha' haiN| isake antima cha: adhyAyoM ko vRhadAraNyaka yA bRhadAraNya kopaniSad kahate haiM / isakA 'bRhat' nAma anvartha hai, kyoMki AkAra meM yaha sabase bar3I upaniSad hai| isameM bhI sRSTi aura brahma kA vistAra se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / hai| 11. kauSItaki upaniSad - yaha RgvedIya upaniSad veda ke kopItaki brAhmaNa kA eka bhAga Ara yaka kahA jAtA hai, jisameM pandraha adhyAya haiM / inameM se tIsare aura chaThe adhyAya ko milAkara kauSItaki upaniSad kahI jAtI hai| kukSItaka nAmaka RSi ne isakA upadeza kiyA thA, ataH isakA nAma 'kauSItaki' pdd'aa| isakA eka dUsarA nAma kauSItaki brAhmaNopaniSad bhI hai| yaha bhI eka bRhadAkAra upaniSad hai / 12. zvetAzvataropaniSad - yaha kRSNa yajurveda kI upaniSad hai aura isa veda ke zvetAzvatara brAhmaNa kA eka bhAga hai| isameM cha: adhyAya haiM jinameM brahmavidyA kA bahuta hRdayagrAhI vivecana pAyA jAtA hai / ina upaniSadoM ke atirikta bahusaMkhyaka paravartI upanipadeM haiN| eka paravartI upaniSad muktikopaniSad meM 108 upaniSadoM kI sUcI hai / ina sabhI upaniSadoM kA saMgraha nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se guTakA ke rUpa meM prakA zita hai| aDyAra lAibrerI, madrAsa se prakAzita upaniSad saMgraha meM 179 upaniSadeM haiM / bambaI ke gujarAtI priMTiMga presa se prakAzita 'upaniSadvAkyamahAkoza' meM 223 upaniSadgranthoM kA nAmollekha hai / upaniSadoM ko kAlakrama ke AdhAra para do vargoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai( 1 ) prAcIna upaniSad aura ( 2 ) paravartI upaniSad | prAcIna vaidika zAkhAoM para AdhArita hai; paravartI sAmpra dAyika haiN| madhya yuga meM dhArmika sampradAyoM ne apanI

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upaniSad-upapurANa 119 prAcInatA siddha karane ke lie aneka upaniSadoM kI upaniSadAloka-'zvetAzvatara' evaM 'maitrAyaNIyopaniSad' racanA kii| yajurveda kI ho upaniSadeM kahI jAtI haiM / ina para AcArya upaniSadoM kA pratipAdya viSaya upAsanA aura jJAna hai|| vijJAnabhikSu ne 'upaniSadAloka' nAma kI vistRta TIkA jaisA ki likhA jA cukA hai, brAhmaNoM meM saMhitAoM ke likhA hai| karmakANDa kA vistAra aura vyAkhyAna huA hai| isI upanIta-jisakA upanayana saMskAra ho cukA hai / upanIta prakAra upaniSadoM meM saMhitAoM ke upAsanA aura jJAna hone ke pUrva bAlaka ke zaucAcAra ke niyama sarala hote haiM / kANDa kA vistAra aura vikAsa huA hai| brAhmaNa aura upanayana ke pazcAt usako brahmacarya Azrama ke niyamoM kA upaniSad eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN| upaniSadoM ( IzAvAsya pAlana karanA hotA hai| smRtiyoM meM anupanIta kI chUToM aura muNDaka ) meM hI do prakAra kI vidyAoM kA ullekha aura upanIta ke niyamoM kI vistRta sUciyA~ pAyI hai-(1) parA aura (2) aparA / 'parA' vidyA brahmavidyA jAtI haiN| hai, jisakA upaniSadoM meM mukhya rUpa se vivecana hai| parantu upapati-avaidha yA gupta pati, jAra, AcArahAni kA 'aparA' vidyA ke bAre meM kahA gayA hai ki lokayAtrA ke kAraNa pati / upapati kI nindA kI gayI hai aura parastrIlie yaha Avazyaka hai aura saMhitAoM, brAhmaNoM tathA gamana ke lie usako prAyazcittI batalAyA gayA hai| vedAGgoM meM isakA nirUpaNa huA hai| 'parA' athavA brahma upapatti-kisI niyama kI saGgati athavA samAdhAna / vidyA ke antargata AtmA, brahma, jagat, bandha, mokSa, siddhAnta prakaraNa ke pratipAdya artha kI siddhi ke lie kahI mokSa ke sAdhana Adi kA sarala, subodha kintu rahasyamaya jAne vAlI yukti ko bhI upapatti kahate haiM / vedAntasAra zailI meM upaniSadeM nirUpaNa karatI haiM / meM kahA hai : zrotavyaH zrutivAkyebhyo mantavyazcopapattibhiH / upaniSatprasthAna-madhvAcArya racita eka grantha / isameM upa [AtmA ko vedavAkyoM se sunanA cAhie, yuktiyoM se niSadoM ke AdhAra para dvaita mata kA pratipAdana kiyA mAnanA caahie| gayA hai| upapAtaka-patana karane vAlA karma, jo naraka meM girAtA hai, upaniSadabrAhmaNa----'upaniSadbrAhmaNa' aura 'AzreyabrAhmaNa' athavA pApa ke sAtha jisakI upamA kI jAya / vizeSa pApoM donoM hI 'jaiminIya' athavA 'talavakArabrAhmaNa' meM sammi ko bhI upapAtaka kahate hai, ye unacAsa prakAra ke haiM : (1) lita hai, jo sAmaveda kI talavakAra zAkhA se sambandhita haiN| godhanaharaNa, (2) ayAjyayAjana, (3) paradAragamana, (4) upaniSadbhASya-zaGkarAcArya ke race hue granthoM meM 'upaniSad- Atmavikraya, (5) gurutyAga, (6) pitatyAga Adi upapAbhASya' prasiddha haiM / jina upaniSadoM kA bhASya unhoMne taka hote haiN| likhA ha va ha : iza, kana, kaTha, prazna, muNDaka, mANDUkya, upapurANa-aThAraha purANoM ke atirikta aneka upapurANa aitareya, taittirIya, chAndogya, bRhadAraNyaka, nRsiMhapUrvatA bhI haiM, jinakI varNanasAmagrI evaM viSaya purANoM ke sadRza panIya tathA zvetAzvatara / zaGkarAcArya ke samAna hI madhvAcArya hI haiM / nimnAGkita upapurANa prasiddha haiM : ne bhI dasa upaniSadoM (Iza, kena, kaTha, prazna, muNDaka, mANDU 1. sanatkumAra 10. kAlikA kya, aitareya, taittirIya, chAndogya evaM bRhadAraNyaka) para bhASya 2. narasiMha 11. sAmba likhA hai / isI prakAra rAmAnujAcArya Adi mahAnubhAvoM 3. bRhannAradIya 12. nandikezvara ke bhI upaniSadbhASya prasiddha haiM / 4. ziva athavA zivadharma 13. saura upaniSanmaGgaladIpikA-doddaya bhaTTAcArya ke race nau granthoM 5. durvAsA 14. pArAzara meM se eka / doddaya bhaTTAcArya rAmAnuja matAnuyAyI evaM 6. kApila 15. Aditya appaya dIkSita ke samasAmayika the / unakA kAla solahavIM 7. mAnava 16. brahmANDa zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai / isa grantha meM upaniSadoM ke AdhAra 8. auzanasa 17. mAhezvara para viziSTAdvaita mata kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 9. vAruNa 18. bhAgavata

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120 upabhoga-uparicaravasu 19. vAsiSTha 25. devI ye mAtA ke tulya hI pUjanIya haiN| inakA anAdara karane 20. kauma 26. bRhaddharma se pApa hotA hai| 21. bhArgava 27. parAnanda upamAna-nyAyadarzana ke anusAra tIsarA pramANa / gautama ne 22. Adi 28. pazupati cAra pramANa mAne hai-pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura 23. mudgala 29. harivaMza zabda / kisI jAnI huI vastu ke sAdRzya se na jAnI huI 24. kalki vastu kA jJAna jisa pramANa se hotA hai, vahI upamAna hai| vaiSNava loga bhAgavata purANa ko upapurANa na mAnakara jaise, "nIlagAya gAya ke sadRza hotI hai|" mahApurANa mAnate haiN| upayama-vivAha, pANigrahaNa / de0 'vivAha' / vyAsapraNIta aThAraha mahApurANoM ke sadRza aneka muniyoM upayAcita-iSTasiddhi ke prayojana se devatA ke lie deya dvArA praNIta aThAraha upapurANa bhI kahe gaye haiM : vastu / usakA paryAya hai 'divyadohada / ' prArthita vastu ko bhI anyAnyupapurANAni munibhiH kathitAnyapi / upayAcita kahate haiM / AdyaM sanatkumAroktaM nArasiMhaM tataH param // uparataspRha-niHspRha, niSkAma, jisakI dhana Adi kI tRtIyaM vAyavIyaJca kumAreNa ca bhASitam / icchA samApta ho gayI hai| dhana rahane para bhI dhana kI caturtha zivadharmAkhyaM sAkSAnnandIzabhASitam / / icchA se rahita vyakti uparataspRha kahA jAtA hai| yaha durvAsasoktamAzcarya nAradIyamataH param / sAdhaka kA eka viziSTa guNa hai| nandikezvarayugmaJca tathaivozanaseritam // uparati-virakta honA, virati / jaise, mArkaNDeya purANa kApilaM vAruNaM sAmbaM kAlikAyameva ca / (91.8) meM kahA hai : mAhezvaraM tathA kalki daivaM sarvArthasiddhidama / / 'vizvasyoparatau zakte nArAyaNi! namostu te|' parAzaroktamaparam prArIcaM bhAskarAhvayam / [vizva kI virati meM samartha he nArAyaNi, tumako [ muniyoM ke dvArA kahe gaye anya upapurANa haiM / sanat namaskAra hai| ] jitendriyoM kI viSayoM se uparati eka sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai| kumAra dvArA kahA gayA prathama, narasiMha dvArA dvitIya, kumAra dvArA kahA gayA vAyavIya, sAkSAt nandIza dvArA kahA gayA uparAga-eka graha para dUsare graha kI chAyA, rAhugrasta candra, zivadharmAkhya, durvAsA dvArA kahA gayA Azcarya, nAradIya, athavA rAhugrasta sUrya aadi| nikaTa meM hone ke kAraNa nandikezvara, auzanasa, kApila, vAruNa, sAmba, kAlikA, apane guNoM kA anya ke guNoM meM Aropa bhI uparAga hai / jaise sphaTikamaNi ke khambhoM meM lAla phUloM ke lAla raMga mAhezvara, kalki, daiva, pArAzara, mArIca aura saurapurANa kA Aropa / durnaya, vyasana Adi bhI isake artha haiN| ye aSTAdaza upapurANa kahe gaye haiN| ] de0 kUrmapurANa, uparicara vasu-pAzcarAtra dharma kA prathama anuyAyI uparicara malamAsatattva meM uddhRta / upabhoga-bhojana ke atirikta bhogyavastu / isakA paryAya hai| vasu thaa| isakI kathA nArAyaNIya AkhyAna meM AyI hai| nivesh| yaha zAntiparva ke 314 veM adhyAya se 351 veM adhyAya na jAtu kAmaH kAmAnAmupabhogena zAmyati / ke anta taka vaNita hai| nArAyaNIyAkhyAna zAnti (manu 2.94) parva kA antima pratipAdya viSaya hai| vaha bedAnta Adi [ kabhI bhI kAma kI zAnti kAmoM ke upabhoga se nahIM matoM se bhinna aura antima hI mAnA gayA hai| isa mata ho sktii|] ke mUla AdhAra nArAyaNa haiN| svAyambhuva manvantara meM upamAtA-mAtA ke samAna, dhAtrI / yaha smRti meM chaH prakAra sanAtana vizvAtmA nArAyaNa se nara, nArAyaNa, hari aura kI kahI gayI hai : kRSNa cAra mUrtiyA~ utpanna huii| nara-nArAyaNa RSiyoM ne mAtuHSvasA mAtulAnI pitRvyastrI pitRSvasA / badarikAzrama meM tapa kiyA / nArada ne vahA~ jAkara unase zvazrUH pUrvajapatnI ca mAtatulyAH prakIrtitAH / / prazna kiyaa| uttara meM unhoMne yaha pAJcarAtra dharma sunaayaa| [ mAtA kI bahina, mAmI, cAcI, pitA kI bahina, isa dharma kA pahalA anuyAyI rAjA uparicara vasu thA / sAsa, bar3e bhAI kI patnI ye mAtA ke samAna hotI haiN| ] isI ne pAJcarAtra vidhi se nArAyaNa kI pUjA kii|

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upalekha-upaveda 121 upalekha-RksaMhitA kA eka prAtizAkhya sUtra zaunaka kA banAyA kahA jAtA hai| prAtizAkhya sUtra ke AdhAra para nirmita 'upalekha' nAmaka eka saMkSipta grantha hai| isako prAtizAkhya sUtra kA pariziSTa bhI kahate haiN| upalekhasUtra-zaunaka ke RkprAtizAkhya kA pariziSTa rUpa 'upalekhasutra' nAma kA eka grantha bhI milatA hai| pahale viSNuputra ne isakA bhASya racA thA, usako dekhakara uThavaTAcArya ne eka vistRta bhASya likhA hai| upavarSa-AcArya zaGkara ne brahmasUtra ke bhASya meM kahIM-kahIM upavarSa nAmaka eka prAcIna vRttikAra ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa vRttikAra ne donoM hI mImAMsA zAstroM para vRttigrantha banAye the, aisA pratIta hotA hai| paNDita loga anumAna karate haiM ki ye 'bhagavAn upavarSa' ve hI haiM jinakA ullekha zabara bhASya ( mI0 sU0 1.1.5 ) meM spaSTataH kiyA gayA hai| zaGkara kahate haiM (bra0 sU0 3.3.5.3) ki upavarSa ne apanI mImAMsA vRtti meM kahIM-kahIM para 'zArIraka sUtra' para likhI gayI vRtti kI bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye upavarSAcArya zabara svAmI se pahale hue hoMge, isameM sandeha nahIM hai| parantu kRSNadevanirmita 'tantracUDAmaNi' grantha meM likhA hai ki zabara bhASya ke Upara upavarSa kI eka vRtti thii| kRSNadeva ke vacana kA koI mUlya hai yA nahIM yaha kahanA kaThina hai| yadi unakA vacana prAmANika mAnA jAya, to isa upavarSa ko prAcIna upavarSa se bhinna mAnanA pdd'egaa| vedAntadezika (zrIvaiSNava) ne apanI tattvaTIkA meM bodhAyanAcArya kA dvitIya nAma upavarSa pratipAdita kiyA hai| zabara svAmI ne bhI bodhAyanAcArya kA ullekha upavarSa nAma se kiyA hai| upavasatha-nivAsa sthAna, jahA~ para Akara basate haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa (11.1.7) meM kathana hai 'te'sya vizvedevA gRhAnAgacchanti te'sya gRheSUpavasanti sa upavasathaH / ' upavAsa-eka dhArmika vrata, rAta-dina bhojana na karanA / isake paryAya haiM upavasta, upoSita, upoSaNa, aupavasta Adi / isakI paribhASA isa prakAra kI gayI hai : upAvRttasya pApebhyo yastu vAso guNaiH saha / upavAsaH sa vijJeyaH sarvabhogavivarjitaH / / [pApa se nivRtta hokara guNoM ke sAtha rahane ko upavAsa kahate haiM, jisameM sabhI viSayoM kA upabhoga vajita hai|] __ isakA zAbdika artha hai ( upa+vAsa ) apane ArAdhya ke samIpa vAsa krnaa| isameM bhojana-pAna kA tyAga sahAyaka hotA hai, ataH ise upavAsa kahate hai / upavIta (yajJopavIta)-eka yajJaparaka dhArmika pratIka, bAyeM kandhe para rakhA huA yajJasUtra yajJa, sUtra mAtra / devala ne kahA hai : 'yajJopavItakaM kuryAt sUtrANi navatantavaH / ' [yajJopavIta-sUtra ko nau paratoM kA banAnA caahie|] yajJopavIte dve dhAyeM zraute smAteM ca karmaNi / tRtIyamuttarIyArthe vastrAlAbhe'ti dizyate // [zrauta aura smArta karmoM meM do yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA caahie| uttarIya vastra ke abhAva meM tIna yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA cAhie / ] varNabheda se manu ( 2. 44 ) ne sUtrabheda bhI kahA hai : kArpAsamupavItaM syAd viprasyordhvavRtaM trivRt / zaNasUtramayaM rAjJo vaizyasyAvikasautrikam // [brAhmaNa kA yajJopavIta kapAsa ke sUtra kA, kSatriya kA zaNa ke sUtra kA, aura vaizya kA bher3a ke Una kA honA caahie|] ___Age calakara kapAsa ke sUtra kA yajJopavIta sabhI vargoM ke lie vihita ho gayA / de0 'yajJopavIta' / upaveda-caraNavyUha' meM vedoM ke cAra upaveda kahe gaye haiM / Rgveda kA Ayurveda, yajurveda kA dhanurveda, sAmaveda kA gAndharvaveda aura atharvaveda kA arthazAstra / parantu suzruta, bhAvaprakAza tathA caraka ke anusAra Ayurveda atharvaveda kA upaveda hai / yaha mata susaMgata jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki atharvaveda meM Ayurveda ke tattva bhare par3e haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa arthazAstra evaM nItizAstra ko Rgveda kA upaveda mAnanA pdd'egaa| upavedoM kA adhyayana bhI pratyeka veda ke sAtha-sAtha veda ke jJAna kI pUrNatA ke lie Avazyaka hai| cAroM upaveda cAra vijJAna haiM / arthazAstra meM vArtA arthAt lokayAtrA [vizvedeva isake ghara meM Ate haiM, ve usake ghara meM rahate haiM, use upavasatha kahate haiN| ] yAga kA pUrvadina bhI upavasatha kahalAtA hai| isa dina yama-niyama ( upavAsa Adi ) ke dvArA yajJa kI taiyArI kI jAtI hai|

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122 upazama-upAGgalalitAvrata kA sArA vijJAna hai aura samAjazAstra ke saGgaThana aura pramIta, prokSita, mRta Adi / pAka kriyA dvArA rUpa, rasa rASTranIti kA kathana hai| dhanurveda meM sainyavijJAna, yuddha- Adi se sampanna vyaJjana bhI upasampanna kahA jAtA hai| kriyA, vyakti evaM samaSTi sabakI rakSA ke sAdhana aura usake paryAya hai praNIta, paryApta, saMskRta / manu (5.81) unake prayoga kI vidhiyA~ dI huI haiN| gAndharvaveda meM saMgIta meM mRta ke artha meM hI isakA prayoga huA hai : kA vijJAna hai jo mana ke uttama se uttama bhAvoM ko uddIpta zrotriye tUpasampanne trirAtramazucirbhavet / karane vAlA aura usakI caJcalatA ko miTAkara sthirarUpa [zrotriya brAhmaNa ke mara jAne para tIna dina taka se use paramAtmA ke dhyAna meM lagA dene vAlA hai / loka ___apavitratA rahatI hai|] meM yaha kalA kAmazAstra ke antargata hai, parantu veda meM upAkaraNa-saMskArapUrvaka vedoM kA grahaNa / isakA artha mokSa ke upAyoM meM yaha eka pradhAna sAdhana hai| Ayurveda meM 'saMskArapUrvaka pazaoM ko mAranA' bhI hai| AzvalAyana rogI zarIra aura mana ko svastha karane ke sAdhanoM para zrI0 sU0 (10.4) meM kathana hai : sAGgopAGga vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAra ye cAroM "upAkaraNa kAle'zvamAnIya / " vijJAna cAroM vedoM ke AnuGgika sahAyaka hai| [saMskAra ke samaya meM ghor3e ko (balidAnArtha) laakr|] upazama-antaHkaraNa kI sthirtaa| isake paryAya haiM zama, upAkRta-saMskArita balipazu, yajJa meM abhimantrita karake zAnti, zamatha, tRSNAkSaya, mAnasika virati / mArA gayA pazu / dharmazAstra meM kathana hai : prabodhacandrodaya meM kahA gayA hai : 'anupAkRtAmAMsAni devAnnAni havIMSi ca / ' 'tathAyamapi kRtakartavyaH saMprati paramAmupazamaniSThAM prApta : / ' [anabhimaMtrita mAMsa, deva-anna tathA haviS (agrAhya [yaha bhI kRtakRtya hokara isa samaya atyanta tRSNAkSaya ko prApta ho gayA hai / ] upAgama-zaiva AgamoM meM se pratyeka ke kaI upAgama haiN| upazra ti-praznoM ke daivI uttara ko sunnaa| hArAvalI meM Agama aTThAIsa haiM aura upAgamoM kI saMkhyA 198 hai / kahA hai: upAgrahaNa-upAkaraNa, saMskArapUrvaka guru se veda grahaNa naktaM nirgatya yat kiJcicchubhAzubhakaraM vacaH / (amara-TIkA meM raaymukutt)| zrUyate tadvidurdhIrA daivapraznamupazrutim // upAGga-vedoM ke upAMgoM meM prAcIna pramANAnusAra pahalA [ rAtri meM ghara se bAhara jAkara jo kucha bhI zubha yA upAGga itihAsa-purANa hai, dusarA dharmazAstra, tIsarA nyAya azubha vAkya sunA jAtA hai, use vidvAn loga prazna kA aura cauthA miimaaNsaa| inameM nyAya aura mImAMsA kI daivI uttara upazru ti kahate haiM / yaha eka prakAra kA ekAnta ginatI darzanoM meM hai, isalie inako alaga-alaga do meM cintana se prApta jJAna athavA anubhUti hai| isalie upAGga na mAnakara eka upAGga 'darzana' ke nAma se rakhA zruti athavA zabdapramANa ke sAtha hI isako bhI upazruti- gayA aura cauthe kI pUrti tantrazAstra se kI gyii| pramANa (yadyapi gauNa) mAna liyA gayA hai| mImAMsA aura nyAya ye donoM zAstra zikSA, vyAkaraNa aura upasad-agnivizeSa / agnipurANa ke gaNabheda nAmaka nirukta ke AnuSaGgika (sahAyaka) haiN| dharmazAstra zrautasUtroM adhyAya meM kathana hai : kA AnuSaGgika hai aura purANa brAhmaNabhAga ke aitigAhapatyo dakSiNAgnistathaivAhavanIyakaH / hAsika aMzoM kA pUraka hai| ete'gnayastrayo mukhyAH zeSAzcopasadastrayaH / / cauthA upAGga tantra zivokta hai| pradhAnataH isake tIna [ gArhapatya, dakSiNAgni tathA AhavanIya ye tIna agniyA~ vibhAga hai-Agama, yAmala aura tantra / tantroM meM prAyaH mukhya haiN| unhIM viSayoM kA vistAra hai, jinapara purANa likhe gaye yaha eka yajJabheda bhI hai| AzvalAyanazrautasUtra (4.8. haiM / sAtha hI sAtha inake antargata guhyazAstra bhI hai jo 1) meM upasada nAmaka yajJoM meM isakA pracaraNa batalAyA dIkSita aura abhiSikta ke sivA aura kisI ko batAyA gayA hai| nahIM jaataa| upasampanna-yajJa ke lie mArA gayA pazu / usake paryAya haiM upAGgalalitAvrata-yaha Azvina zukla paJcamI ko kiyA

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upAdhyAya-upAsana jAtA hai / isameM lalitAdevI (pArvatI) kI pUjA hotI hai / yaha dakSiNa meM adhika pracalita hai / upAdhyAya - jisake pAsa Akara adhyayana kiyA jAtA hai / adhyApaka, vedapAThaka manu0 (2.145) kA kathana hai ekadezaM tu vedasya vedAGgAnyapi vA punaH / yo'dhyApayati vRttyarthamupAdhyAyaH sa ucyate // [ veda ke eka deza athavA aGga ko jo vRtti ke lie adhyayana karAtA hai use upAdhyAya kahate haiM / ] aisA bhaviSya purANa ke dUsare adhyAya meM bhI kahA hai| cUMki zulka grahaNa karake jIvikA ke lie upAdhyAya adhyApana karate the, isalie brAhmaNo meM unakA sthAna UMcA nahIM thaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki jJAna vikraya ko bhI vaNik vRtti mAnA gayA hai : yasyAgamaH kevalajIvikAyai taM jJAnapaNyaM vaNijaM vadanti / [ jisakA Agama ( zAstra - jJAna ) kevala jIvikA ke lie hai, use (vidvAn loga ) jJAna kI dukAna karane vAlA vaNik kahate haiM / ] upAdhyAyA - mahilA adhyApikA / yaha apane adhikAra se 'upAdhyAyA' hotI hai, upAdhyAya kI patnI hone ke kAraNa nahIM / upAdhyAya kI patnI ko 'upAdhyAyAnI' kahate haiM / upAdhyAyAnI-- upAdhyAya kI patnI mahAbhArata (109.96 ) meM kathana hai : sa evamukta upAdhyAyenopAdhyAyAnImapRcchat / ' [ upAdhyAya se isa prakAra kahe jAne para usane upAdhyAyAnI se pUchA ] gRhAsakta hone se isako adhyApana kA adhikAra nahIM hotA / upAdhyAyI-- upAdhyAya kI patnI, adhyApakabhAryA / upAdhi - dharmacintA dharmapAlanArya sAvadhAnI, kuTumbavyApRta, Aropa, chala, upadrava / rAmAyaNa ( 2.111.29) meM kathana hai : upAdhirna mayA kAryA vanavAse jugupsitaH / [ vanavAsa meM maiM chala, kapaTa nahIM karU~gA / ] tarkazAstra meM isakA artha hai 'sAdhyavyApakatva hone para hetu kA avyApakatva honA / ' jaise agni dhUmayukta haiM, yahA~ kASTha kA gIlA honA upAdhi hai / isakA prayojana vyabhicAra (lakSya- atIta ) kA anumAna zuddha karanA hai| upAdhikhaNDana - AcArya madhva ne 'upAdhikhaNDana' nAmaka 123 grantha meM siddha kiyA hai ki Izvara aura AtmA kA bheda pAramArthika hai| aupAdhika bhedavAda ativiruddha aura yuktihIna hai / jayatIrthAcArya ne 'upAdhikhaNDana' kI TIkA likhI hai| isa grantha meM dvaita siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / upAya--kAryasiddhi kA sAdhana / dharmazAstra aura arthazAstra ke anusAra upAya cAra hai--sAma, dAna, bheda aura daNDa / - rAjanaya meM inhIM upAyoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / hindU dharma ke anusAra yuddha ke pariNAma jaya aura parAjaya donoM hI anitya haiM / ataH yuddha kA Azraya kama se kama lenA caahie| jaba prathama tIna upAya- sAma, dAna aura bheda asaphala ho jAya~ tabhI daNDa athavA yuddha kA avalambana karanA cAhie | ina upAyoM kA sAdhAraNataH kramazaH prayoga karanA cAhie / parantu vizeSa paristhiti meM cAroM kA sAtha-sAtha prayoga ho sakatA hai| upAyapaddhati -- zukla yajurveda ke prAtizAkhyasUtra aura usakI anukramaNI bhI kAtyAyana kI racanA ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| isa prAtizAkhyasUtra meM zAkaTAyana, zAkalya, gArgya, kazyapa, dAlabhya jatukaNyaM, zaunaka aura aupaziti ke nAma bhI pAye jAte haiM / isa anukramaNI kI eka 'upAyapaddhati' nAmaka vyAkhyA zrIhala kI banAyI huI hai / upAsaka - pUjaka; jo sevA karatA hai; upAsanA karanevAlA; pUjya ke samIpa baiThakara usakA cintana karane vAlA / dvijoM kA sevaka hone ke kAraNa zUdra ko bhI upAsaka kahA gayA hai / sAdhAraNataH kisI bhI prakAra kI upAsanA (dhyeya ke nikaTa Asana) karane vAle ko upAsaka kahA jAtA hai| bauddha dharma meM buddha ke gRhastha anuyAyI ko upAsaka kahA jAtA hai / upAsana -- gorakhanAthI mata ke yogiyoM meM haThayoga kI praNAlI adhika pracalita hai| isake anusAra zarIra kI kucha kAyika parizuddhi evaM nizcita kiye gaye zArIrika vyAyAmoM dvArA 'samAdhi' arthAt mastiSka kI sarvotkRSTa ekAgratA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| inhIM zArIrika vyAyAmoM ko 'Asana' kahate haiM / pazcAtkAlIna yogI jabaki 'Asana' para vizvAsa karate the, prAcIna yogI 'upAsana' para vizvAsa karate the| 'upAsana' upAsanA kA hI paryAya hai / isakA artha hai 'apane ArAdhya athavA dhyeya ke sAnnidhya meM baitthnaa| isake lie bhAvAtmaka anubhUti

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124 mAtra Avazyaka hai; kisI zArIrika athavA bauddhika prakriyA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / upAsanA (1) veda kA adhikAMza bhAga karmakANDa aura upAsanAkANDa hai, zeSa jJAnakANDa hai / karmakANDa kaniSTha adhikArI ke lie hai| upAsanA aura karma donoM kANDa madhyama ke lie / karma, upAsanA aura jJAna tInoM kANDa uttama ke lie haiM / para uttama adhikArI karma aura upAsanA ko niSkAma bhAva se karatA hai / upAsanA vyakti kA brahma ke sAtha vyaktigata sAnnidhya hai| ataH vyaktigata yogyatA aura adhikAra bheda se isake aneka mArga pracalita haiN| sabhI upAsanApaddhatiyoM meM kucha bAteM sAmAnya rUpa se sarvaniSTha haiM, jaise apane upAsya kA bhAvAtmaka bodha, upAsya ke sAnnidhya meM jAne kI utkaNThA, sAnnidhya - bhAvanA se Ananda kI anubhUti apane kalyANa ke sambandha meM AzvAsana | gItA ( 9.22 ) meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne kahA hai : " ananyAzcintayanto mAM ye janAH paryupAsate / teSAM nityAbhiyuktAnAM yogakSemaM vahAmyaham / / [ jo bhaktajana ananya bhAva se merA cintana karate hue niSkAma bhAva se merI upAsanA karate haiM, una nitya upA sanA meM rata puruSoM kA yogakSema maiM svayaM vahna karatA hU~ / ] (2) Izvara athavA kisI anya devatA kI sevA kA nAma bhI upAsanA hai / usake paryAya haiM - ( 1 ) varivasyA, (2) suzrUSA (3) paricaryA aura (4) upAsana | devIbhAgavata meM zakti upAsanA kI prazaMsA meM kahA gayA hai na viSNUpAsanA nityA vedenoktA tu kasyacit / na viSNudIkSA nityAsti zivasyApi tathaiva ca // gAyabhyupAsanA nityA sarvadevaH samIritA / yayA vinA svadhaH pAto brAhmaNasyAsti sarvathA // [ viSNu kI nitya upAsanA karanA vedoM meM kahIM nahIM kahA gayA / na viSNu kI dIkSA aura na ziva kI dIkSA hI nitya hai / kintu gAyatrI kI nitya upAsanA saba vedoM meM kahI gayI hai, jisake binA brAhmaNa kA adhaHpatana ho sakatA hai / ] upAsanAkANDa - vedoM ke sabhI bhASyakAra isa bAta se sahamata haiM ki cAroM vedoM meM samuccaya rUpa se pradhAnataH tIna viSayoM kA pratipAdana hai ( 1 ) karmakANDa, (2) jJAnakANDa evaM (3) upAsanAkANDa / upAsanAkANDa Izvara - ArAdhanA upAsanA ubaTAcArya se sambandha rakhatA hai, jisase manuSya aihika, pAralaukika aura pAramArthika abhISToM kA sampAdana kara sakatA hai| Rgveda ke sUktoM meM vizeSa rUpa se stutiyoM kI adhikatA hai| ye stutiyAM vividha devatAoM kI haiN| jo loga devatAoM kI anekatA nahIM mAnate ve ina saba nAmoM (devanAmoM) kA artha parabrahma paramAtmA kA vAcaka lagAte haiM / jo loga aneka devatA mAnate haiM ve bhI ina saba stutiyoM ko paramAtmAparaka mAnate haiM aura kahate haiM ki ye sabhI devatA aura samasta sRSTi paramAtmA kI vibhUti hai| isa lie ve varuNa ko jala ke devatA, agni ko teja ke devatA, dyauH ko AkAza ke devatA ityAdi rUpa se vizva kI zaktiyoM ke adhipati paramAtmA kI vibhUti hI mAnate haiM / jahA~ pRthivI kI stuti hai, vahA~ pRthivI ke hI guNoM kA varNana hai| pRthivI paramAtmA kI sRSTi aura usI kI vibhUti hai pRthivI kI stuti ke vyAja se paramAtmA kI hI stuti kI jAtI hai / ye stutiyA~ tathA usake sambandha kI prArthanAeM upAsanAkANDa ke antargata hai / upendra - vAmana (viSNu ), indra ke choTe bhAI / 'indra ke pazcAt utpanna hone vAlA / ' kazyapa RSi evaM aditi mAtA se vAmana rUpa meM indra ke anantara utpanna hone ke kAraNa viSNu kA nAma upendra par3A / upendrastotra - ise kucha vidvAn tamila deza meM racA gayA mAnate haiM, parantu samajhA jAtA hai ki 'upendrastotra' uttara kI hI racanA hai / kintu isake racayitA ke bAre meM kucha nizcita rUpa se nahIM kahA jA sakatA / upoSaNa - upavAsa; AhAratyAga / tithitattva meM likhA hai| upoSaNaM navamyAca dazamyAcaiva pAraNam / [ navamI ke dina upavAsa aura dazamI ke dina pAraNa karanA cAhie ] de0 'upavAsa' upoSita - upavAsa kA hI eka paryAya / manu (5.155) ne kahA hai : nAsti strINAM pRtham yajJo na vrataM nApyupoSitam / [ striyoM ke lie yajJa, vrata, upavAsa, me alaga nahIM haiM / ] ubaTAcArya - yajurveda ke prasiddha bhASyakAra nighaNTu ke TIkAkAra devarAja aura bhaTTabhAskara mizra ne apane granthoM meM mAghavadeva bhavasvAmI, gRhadeva, zrInivAsa aura umbaTa Adi bhASyakAroM ke nAma likhe haiM / yaha patA nahIM hai ki

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ubhayadvAdazo-umApati zivAcArya 125 ubbaTa ne RksaMhitA kA koI bhASya kiyA hai yA nahIM, tapasyA se rokA / isake anantara usakA nAma hI umA parantu ubbaTa kA zukla yajurveda saMhitA para eka bhASya ho gyaa| ] pAyA jAtA hai / isake sivA inhoMne RprAtizAkhya aura umAguru-pArvatI kA pitA himaaly| dakSa prajApati ke zukla yajurvedaprAtizAkhya para bhI bhASya likhe haiN| yajJa meM ziva kI nindA sunane se yoga ke dvArA zarIra ubhayadvAdazI-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa kRSNa dvAdazI ko prArambha tyAgane vAlI satI himAlaya se menakA ke garbha meM utpanna hotA hai| isake pazcAt pauSa zukla se dvAdazI huI / isa kathAnaka kA purANoM meM vistRta varNana hai| eka varSaparyanta kula caubIsa dvAdaziyoM ko isa vrata kA umAcaturthI-mAgha zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA AcaraNa anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| ina tithiyoM ko viSNu ke hotA hai| isameM umA ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| puruSa aura caubIsa avatAroM ( kezava, nArAyaNa Adi ) kA pUjana vizeSa rUpa se striyA~ kunda ke puSpoM se bhagavatI umA kA kiyA jAtA hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa / pUjana karatI tathA usa dina vrata bhI rakhatI haiM / ubhayanavamI-yaha vrata pauSa zukla navamI ko prArambha hotA umAnanda nAtha-dakSiNamArgI zAktoM meM tIna AcAryoM kA hai / isameM eka varSa paryanta cAmuNDA kA pUjana hotA hai| nAma unakI devIbhakti kI dRSTi se bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa hai| pratyeka mAsa meM bhinna bhinna upakaraNoM se devI kI pratimA ye haiM nRsiMhAnanda nAtha, bhAskarAnanda nAtha evaM umAnanda kA nirmANa karake bhinna bhinna nAmoM se unakI pUjA kI nAtha, jo eka choTI guruparamparA upasthita karate haiM / jAtI hai| katipaya divasoM meM mahiSa kA mAMsa samarpita tInoM meM sabase adhika prasiddha bhAskarAnanda nAtha the jinake karate hue rAtri meM pUjana karane tathA pratyeka navamI ko ziSya umAnanda nAtha hue / umAnanda nAtha ne 'parazurAmakanyAoM ko bhojana karAne kA vidhAna hai / de0 kRtyakalpa- bhArgavasUtra' para eka vyAvahArika bhASya likhA hai / taru kA vratakANDa, 274-282 / / umApati-umA ke pati ziva / mahAbhArata meM kathana hai : ubhayasaptamI-yaha vrata zukla pakSa kI kisI saptamI meM tapyate tatra bhagavAn tapo nityamumApatiH / / prArambha hotA hai| eka varSaparyanta pratyeka pakSa meM sUrya vahA~ para bhagavAn ziva nitya tapasyA karate haiM / ] devatA ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai / eka mata ke anusAra yaha umApatidhara-kRSNabhakti zAkhA ke kaviyoM meM umApatidhara vrata mAgha zukla saptamI se prArambha honA cAhie / eka varSa kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai / inhoMne maithilI evaM baMgalA paryanta pratyeka mAsa meM sUrya kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjana ___bhASA meM kRSNa-sambandhI gIta likhe haiN| ye tirahutanivAsI karane kA vidhAna hai / de0 bhaviSyottara purANa, 47.1.24 aura vidyApati ke samakAlIna the| ubhayaikAdazI-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa kI zukla ekAdazI se umApati zivAcArya-tamila zaivoM meM 'cAra saMtAna Arambha hotA hai| eka varSaparyanta pratyeka pakSa meM viSNu AcArya,' nAma prasiddha haiN| ye hai meyakaNDa deva, arulanandI, kA bhinna bhinna nAmoM (jaise kezava, nArAyaNa Adi) marai jJAnasambandha evaM umApati zivAcArya / umApati se pUjana hotA hai / de0 vratArka, 233 ba-237 a / gurjaroM brAhmaNa the evaM cidambara mandira ke pujArI the| ye marai meM isa vrata kA nAma kevala 'ubhaya' hai| jJAnasambandha ke ziSya bana gaye. jo zadra the| umApati umA-ziva kI patnI, paarvtii| umA kA zAbdika artha unakA ucchiSTa khAne ke kAraNa jAti se bahiSkRta hue| hai 'prakAza' / sarvaprathama kena upaniSad meM umA kA ullekha kintu apane sampradAya ke ye bahuta bar3e AcArya bana gaye evaM huA hai / yahA~ brahmA tathA dUsare devatAoM ke bIca mAdhyama bahuta se granthoM kA inhoMne praNayana kiyA / inameM se ATha ke rUpa meM inakA AvirbhAva huA hai| isa sthiti meM grantha siddhAntazAstroM meM parigaNita haiM / ve haiM (1) zivavAk devI se inakA abheda jAna par3atA hai / prakAza, (2) tiruakulapayana, (3) vinAvevA, (4) potrapaumA zabda kI vyutpatti kumArasambhava meM isa prakAra krodai, (5) koDikavi, (6) neviDutUtu, (7) uNmaineRdI huI hai : vilakkama aura (8) saMkalpanirAkaraNa / umeti mAtrA tapaso niSiddhA pazcAdumAkhyAMsumukhI jgaam| umAmahezvaravrata-(1) ise prArambha karane kI tithi ke ["u", "mA" yaha kahakara mAtA (menakA) ne use bAre meM kaI mata haiM / ise bhAdrapada kI pUrNimA se prArambha

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126 karanA cAhie, kintu caturdazI ko hI saMkalpa kara lenA caahie| isameM svarNa athavA rajata kI ziva tathA pArvatI kI pratimAoM ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| yaha karNATaka meM atyanta prasiddha hai / (2) pUrNimA, amAvasyA, caturdazI athavA aSTamI ko ise prArambha karanA caahie| umA tathA ziva kA pUjana honA cAhie / haviSyAnna ke sAtha nakta kA bhI vidhAna hai / (3) aSTamI athavA caturdazI tithiyoM ko prArambha karanA caahiye| vratI ko aSTamI tathA caturdazI ko eka varSaparyanta upavAsa rakhanA cAhiye / (4) mArgazIrSa mAsa kI prathama tithi, vahI devatA / (5) mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA Arambha honA caahie| eka varSaparyanta / vahI devatA / de0 bhavi SyottarapurANa, 23.1-28, liGgapurANa, pUrvArddha 84 / vratArka, hemAdri, prakhaMDa umAyAmalatantra - zAkta sAhitya ke kulacUDAmaNi' evaM 'vAmakezvara' tantroM meM tantroM kI tAlikA hai, jisameM tIna prakAra ke tantra ullikhita haiM-ATha bhairava, ATha bahurUpa evaM ATha yAmala / yAmala ke antargata brahmA, viSNu, rudra, lakSmI, umA, skanda, gaNeza evaM graha yAmala tantra haiM / yAmala zabda yamala se banA hai, jisakA artha hai 'jor3A' / isakA sandarbha eka devatA tathA usakI zakti ke yugala sahayoga se hai / umAvana-umA ke bihAra kA kAmyaka vana puravizeSa usake paryAya hai- (1) devIkoTa, (2) koTivarSa (3) bANapura, (4) zoNitapura | umAvana ( kAmyakavana) meM hI ziva-pArvatI (umA) kA vivAhottara vihAra huA thA / isa vana ke sambandha meM ziva kA zApa thA ki jo koI puruSa isameM praveza karegA vaha strI ho jaayegaa| manu ke putra ila bhUla se isa vana meM cale gaye / ve zApa ke kAraNa turanta strI 'ilA' bana gaye / umAsaMhitA - zivapurANa kI racanA meM kula sAta khaNDa hai| isakA pAcavA khaNDa 'umAsaMhitA' hai| umAsuta - umA ke putra kArtikeya yA gaNeza / umA haimavatI - jisa prakAra ziva ( girIvA) parvatoM ke svAmI kahe jAte haiM, vaise hI unakI patnI pArvatI (parvatoM kI putrI) kahalAtI haiN| ziva ne himAlaya kI putrI umA se vivAha umAyAmalatantra - urvarA kiyA / kenopaniSad (3.25) meM ve prathama bAra umA haimavatI kahI gayI haiM, jisase eka svargIya (divya ) mahilA kA bodha hotA hai, jo brahmajJAnasampannA haiM / spaSTataH, ye prathamataH eka svatantra devI thIM athavA kama se kama eka daivI zakti thIM, jo himAlaya kA cakkara lagAyA karatI thIM aura pazcAt unheM dra kI patnI samajhA jAne lagA / kenopaniSad meM umA hemavatI ne devatAoM kI zakti kA upahAsa karate hue sabhI zaktiyoM ke srota brahma kA prati pAdana kiyA hai / umeza -- umA ke pati, mahAdeva / urvarA - kRSi yogya bhUmi ko vyakta karane ke lie kSetra ke sAtha urvarA zabda kA prayoga Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya meM hotA AyA hai| Rgveda evaM atharvaveda meM siMcAI kI sahAyatA se gaharI kRSi kA ullekha milatA hai| khAda dene kA bhI varNana hai / Rgveda ke anusAra kSetra bhalIbhA~ti mApe jAte the jisase khetoM para vyaktigata svAmitva kA patA calatA hai| kSetroM kI vijaya urvarA-sA 'urvarA jit', 'kSetra-sA' kA bhI ullekha hai, sAtha hI 'kSetrapati' nAmaka eka devatA kI kalpanA meM 'urvarApati' eka mAnavIya upAdhi kA Aropa hai| Rgveda meM kSetroM kA ullekha saMtAna ke ullekha ke sAtha hI huA hai tathA saMhitAoM meM 'kSetrANi saMji' arthAt kSetroM kI vijaya kA ullekha hai| kSetroM se sImita 1 / vedoM meM sAmpra saha svAmitva kA pizela ke matAnusAra kSetra ghAsa ke hotA thA, jise khilla yA khilya kahate dAyika khetI kA ullekha yA sAmUhika ullekha nahIM milatA / vyaktigata svAmitva bhI uttarakAlIma hai chAndogya upa0 meM dhana ko vyakta karane vAle padArthoM meM kSetra evaM ghara kahe gaye ( AyatanAni ) haiM / yavana lekhakoM ke uddharaNoM se bhI vyaktigata svAmitva kA patA lagatA hai| prAyaH eka parivAra ke sadasya eka bhUbhAga meM binA vibhAjana ke saha svAmitva rakhate the| svAmitva ke uttarAdhikAra sambandhI niyamoM kA sUtroM ke pUrva astitva nahIM thA / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM purohita ko pArizramika rUpa meM bhUmi dAna karane kA ullekha hai / phira bhI bhUmi eka vizeSa dhana thI jise AsAnI se kisI ko na to diyA jA sakatA thA aura na use tyAgA jA sakatA thA / urvazI - ( 1 ) svargIya apsarA, jisakA ullekha saMskRta sAhitya meM aneka sthaloM para huA hai / sarvaprathama Rgveda the

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urvazIkuNDa-uzanasupapurANa 127 meM purUravA-urvazI AkhyAna meM isakA dharNana pAyA jAtA mahAmAye0' (bhaviSyottara puraann)| isa vrata kA ulkA hai| brAhmaNa granthoM meM urvazI ke Upara kaI AkhyAna hai| nAma hone kA kAraNa yaha hai ki vratI apane zatru ko ulkA kAlidAsa ke nATaka 'vikramorvazIya' meM to vaha nAyikA jaisA bhayaMkara pratIta hotA hai / strI yadi yaha vrata kare to hI hai| indra apane kisI bhI pratidvandvI kI tapasyA bhaGga vaha apanI sapatnI (sauta) ke lie ulkA sI pratIta karane ke lie menakA, urvazI Adi apsarAoM kA upayoga hogii| karatA thaa| ulUka-ullU pakSI, jo lakSmI kA vAhana mAnA gayA hai| (2) mahAn vyaktiyoM ko bhI jo vaza meM kara le, sAMsArika aizvarya bandhana kA kAraNa hai, jo usakA svecchA athavA nArAyaNa maharSi ke Uru (jaMghA) sthAna meM vAsa kare se varaNa karatA hai, vaha pAramArthika dRSTi se ulUka (mUrkha) use urvazI kahate haiM / isakI utpatti harivaMza meM kahI hai| lakSmIprApti kI mantrasAdhanA meM isa pakSI kA sahayoga gayI hai / usake anusAra vaha nArAyaNa kI jaMdhA kA vidA- liyA jAtA hai / de0 'ulUkatantra' / raNa karake utpanna huI thii| yaha pakSI apanI ugra bolI ke lie prasiddha hai tathA ise urvazIkuNDa (caraNapAdukA)-badarInAtha mandira ke pIche naiRtya (durbhAgya kA sUcaka) bhI kahate haiN| pUrva kAla meM parvata para sIdhe car3hane para caraNapAdukA kA sthAna AtA hai| jaMgalI vRkSoM ko azvamedhayajJa meM ulUka dAna kiye jAte the, yahIM se nala lagAkara badarInAtha mandira meM pAnI lAyA kyoMki ve vahIM vAsa karane lagate the| gayA hai| caraNapAdukA ke Upara urvazIkuNDa hai, jahA~ uzatI-uttama vANI, kalyANamayI vANI, vedavANI: kAmabhagavAna nArAyaNa ne urvazI ko apanI jatA se prakaTa nAzIla, snehamayI mahilA : kiyA thA / kintu yahA~ kA mArga atyanta kaThina hai| isI "zUdrasyevozitAM giram / " (bhAgavata), "jAyeva patya parvata para Age kUrmatIrtha, taimiMgilatIrtha tathA naranArAyaNa uzatI suvAsAH / " (mahAbhASya), "uzatIriva mAtaraH / " Azrama hai / yadi koI sIdhA car3hatA jAya to vaha isI parvata (Arjana mntr)| ke Upara se 'satpatha' paha~ca jaayegaa| kintu yaha mArga vyAmizra yA mohaka vacana : "varjayed uzatI vAcam / " durgama hai| (mahAbhArata) urugAya-Rgveda ke viSNusUkta meM kathita viSNu kA eka uzanas upapurANa-aThAraha mahApurANoM kI taraha kama se viruda, jisakA artha hai 'jo bahuta logoM dvArA gAyA jaay|' kama untIsa upapurANa grantha haiN| pratyeka upapurANa kisI bhagavAn viSNu athavA kRSNa kI yaha padavI hai : na kisI mahApurANa se nirgata mAnA jAtA hai| unameM jihvA satI dArdurikeva sUta na copagAyatyurugAyagAthAH / auzanasa upapurANa bhI atyanta prasiddha hai / isake racayitA [ he sUta ! jo bahugeya bhagavAn kI kathA nahIM kahatA uzanA arthAt zukrAcArya kahe jAte haiN| sunatA usakI jihvA dAdura ke samAna vyartha hai / ] uzanas kAvya-eka bhRgu (kavi) vaMzaja prAcIna RSi, vistIrNa gati ke lie bhI isakA prayoga huA hai, jaise zukrAcArya / Rgveda meM inakA sambandha kutsa evaM indra se kaThopaniSad (2.11) meM kahA hai : dikhalAyA gayA hai| pazcAt inhoMne asuroM kA purohitastomaM mahadurugAyaM pratiSThAM dRSTvA dhRtyA dhIro naciketo pada grahaNa kiyA, unhoMne devoM se pratidvaMdvitA kara lii| 'tyasrAkSIH / inake nAma se rAjanIti kA sampradAya vikasita huA, [ he naciketA ! tumane stutya aura bar3I aizvaryayukta, jisako kauTilya ne auzanasa kahA hai / de0 arthazAstra / isake vistRta gati tathA pratiSThA ko dekhakara bhI use dhairyapUrvaka anusAra kevala daNDanIti mAtra hI vidyA hai, jabaki anya tyAga diyaa| loga AnvIkSikI, trayI, vArtA ko milAkara cAra vidyAyeM ulkAnavamI-eka prakAra kA abhicAra vrata, jo Azvina mAnate the| kauTilIya arthazAstra ke aneka sthaloM para zukla pakSa kI navamI ko kiyA jAtA hai| isa tithi se uzanA kA ullekha huA hai / ye ghora rAjanItivAdI the / prArambha karake eka varSaparyanta isameM mahiSAsuramadinI kI carakasaMhitA (8.54) meM bhI 'auzanasa arthazAstra' kA ullekha nimnalikhita mantra se pUjA karanI cAhie : "mahiSani hai / mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva (56, 40-42; 180,10)

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128 uzanA (smRtikAra)-uSaHkAla meM uzanA ke rAjanItika vicAroM kA uddharaNa milatA hai| paramparA ke anusAra uzanA ne bRhaspatipraNIta vizAla grantha kA eka saMkSipta saMskaraNa taiyAra kiyA thA, jo kAlakrama se lupta ho gyaa| kucha logoM kA mata hai ki 'zukranItisAra' usI kA laghu saMskaraNa hai| uzanA (smatikAra)-yadyapi mukhya smRtiyA~ aThAraha haiM, kintu inakI saMkhyA 28 taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| smatikAroM meM uzanA bhI eka haiN| isa smRti meM jAti evaM vRtti kA vidhAna aura anuloma-pratiloma vivAhoM se utpanna saMkarajAtiyoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / uzanA-yaha nAma zatapatha brAhmaNa (3.4; 3.13;4.2; 5.15) meM usa kSupa (paudhe) ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai jisase somarasa taiyAra kiyA jAtA thA / uSA-yaha zabda 'vas' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha 'camakanA' hai| isakI dUsarI vyutpatti hai 'oSaMti nAzayatyandhakAram' (andhakAra ko nAzatI hai) / prakRti ke eka atyanta manorama dRzya aruNodaya ke rUpa meM uSA kA varNana eka yuvatI mahilA ke rUpa meM kaviyoM ne kiyA hai| vaidika sUktoM ke antargata uSA kA nirUpaNa sundaratama racanA mAnI jAtI hai, jahA~ indra kA guNa bala, agni kA guNa paurohitya-jJAna tathA varuNa kA guNa naitika zAsana hai / uSA kA guNa usakA strIsulabha AkarSaka svarUpa hai| uSA kA varNana 21 RcAoM meM huA hai| eka hI uSA devI kA prAtaHkAlIna belAoM meM dekhA jAne vAlA vividha zobhAmaya rUpa hai / vaha sundara yuvatI hai, sundara vastroM se alaMkRta hai tathA sujAtA hai| vaha muskarAtI, gAtI evaM nAcatI hai tathA apane manamohaka rUpa ko dikhAtI hai / yadi indra rAjA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai to uSA tadanurUpa mahilA rAnI kI pratinidhi hai| uSA rAtri ke kAle vastroM ko dUra karatI hai, bure svapnoM ko bhagAtI, burI AtmAoM (bhUta-pretAdi) se rakSA karatI hai / vaha svarga kA dvAra khola detI, AkAza ke chora ko prakAzita karatI tathA prakRti ke bhaNDAroM ko, jinheM rAta chipAye rakhatI hai, spaSTa kara detI hai tathA sabhI ke lie sadayatA se unheM bikhera detI hai| uSA varadAna kI devI hai| jaba usakA prAtaH udaya hotA hai, prArthanA kI jAtI hai-"dAnazIlatA kA udaya karo, prAcurya kA udaya kro|" vaha kSaNa-kSaNa rUpa badalane vAlI mahilA hai, kyoMki hara kSaNa vaha apanA nayA AkarSaNa sabhI ke lie upasthita karatI hai| hara prAtaHkAla vaha apane isa rUpa ke bhaNDAra ko laTAtI tathA hara eka ko usakA 'bhAga' pradAna karatI hai| uSA kA niyamita rUpa se pUrva meM udaya use 'Rta' kA rUpa pramANita karatA hai| vaha 'Rta' meM utpanna huI tathA Rta kI rakSA karane vAlI hai| vaha Rta kI upekSA na karate hue nitya usI sthAna para AtI hai / uSA kA pUrva meM udaya pratyeka upAsaka ko jagAtA hai ki vaha apane yajJAgni ko prajvalita kre| ___ uSA kA sUrya se nikaTa kA sambandha hai| sUrya ke pUrva udita hone ke kAraNa, ise sUrya kI mAtA kahA gayA hai / kintu sUrya uSA kA pIchA usI prakAra karatA hai, jaise navayuvaka yuvatI kA / isa dRSTibindu se uSA sUrya kI patnI kahalAtI hai| indra kA prakaTIkaraNa bAdala kI garaja evaM vidya t-dhvani meM hotA hai| uSA apanI prAtaHkAlIna pUrvI lAlimA (sunahare raMga) ke rUpa meM usI prakAra sukumAra strI rUpiNI hai, jaise indra kaThora evaM puruSa rUpI / agni vaidika purohita, indra vaidika yoddhA evaM uSA vaidika nArI hai| paurANika kalpanA meM uSA sUrya kI patniyoMsaMjJAchAyA, uSA aura pratyUSA meM se eka hai / sUrya kI parivAra mUrtiyoM meM isakA aMkana hotA hai aura sUrya ke pArzva meM yaha andhakAra rUpI rAkSasoM para bANaprahAra karatI huI dikhAyI jAtI hai| [de0 R0 4.51; 1.113; 7.79; 1.24; 4.54; 1.115; 10.58 / ] uSaHkAla-(1) sUryodaya se pA~ca ghar3I pUrva kA kAla athavA pUrva divasIya sUryodaya se 55 ghar3I bAda kA samaya / yathA paJca paJca uSaHkAlaH sapta paJcAruNodayaH / aSTa paJca bhavet prAtaH zeSaH sUryodayo mataH / / [pahale dina kI 55 ghar3I bItane para uSaHkAla, 57 ghar3I bItane para aruNodaya aura 58 ghar3I ke bAda sUryodaya kAla mAnA gayA hai| ] (kRtyasArasamuccaya) / uSaHkAla kA dhArmika kRtyoM ke lie bar3A mahattva hai| (2) rAtri kA avasAna bhI uSaHkAla kahalAtA hai| vaha nakSatroM ke prakAza kI mandatA se lekara sUrya ke ardhodaya taka rahatA hai / tithitattva meM varAha kA kathana hai :

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umApati-UrdhvapuNDa 129 ardhAstamayAt saMdhyA vyaktIbhUtA na tArakA yAvat / paJcaprANayutaM varNa pItavidyullatA tathA / tejaHparihAniruSA bhAnora|dayaM yAvat / / dharmArthakAmamokSaJca sadA sukhapradAyakam / / [sUrya ke ardhAstamana se lekara jaba taka tAre na dikhAI [U akSara zakha tathA kunda ke samAna zvetavarNa kA hai| deM isa bIca ke samaya ko sandhyA kahate haiM tathA tArAoM parama kuNDalinI (zakti kA adhiSThAna) hai| yaha paJca prANake teja ke manda hone se lekara sUrya ke ardhodaya taka ke maya tathA paJca devamaya hai| pAMca prANoM se saMyukta yaha varNa samaya ko uSaHkAla kahate haiN|] pIta vidyut kI latA ke samAna hai| dharma, artha, kAma, uSApati-uSA kA pati aniruddha / yaha kAmadeva ke avatAra mokSa aura sukha ko sadA denevAlA hai / ] varNoddhAratantra meM pradyumna yAdava kA putra mAnA jAtA hai / uSA bANAsura kI isake nimnalikhita nAma hai : putrI thii| pahale donoM kA gAndharva vivAha huA thA, punaH UH kaNThako ratiH zAntiH krodhano madhusUdanaH / kRSNa-balarAma Adi ne yuddha meM bANAsura ko parAjita kara kAmarAjaH kujezazca mahezo vAmakarNakaH / / use dhUma-dhAma ke sAtha vivAha karane ko vivaza kara diyaa| ardhIzo bhairavaH sUkSmo dIrghaghoSA srsvtii| (Adhunika vicArakoM ke anusAra bANAsura asIriyA deza vilAsinI vighnakartA lakSmaNo ruupkrssinnii|| kA pratApI zAsaka thA / ) mahAvidyazvarI SaSThA SaNDho bhUH kAnyakubjakaH // uSNISa-ziroveSTana, vaidika bhAratIyoM dvArA vyavahRta pagar3I, UrNA-Una; bher3a Adi ke roma / bhauMhoM kA madhyabhAga bhI jise puruSa athavA strI samAna rUpa se vyavahAra karate the / UrNA kahalAtA hai| donoM bhauMhoM ke madhya meM mRNAlatantuoM de0 ai0 brA0, 6.1; zata0 brA0, 3.3; 2. 3; 4. 5. 2. ke samAna sUkSma sundara AkAra ko uThI huI rekhA mahA72.1.8 (indrANI kA uSNISa) Adi evaM kAThaka saMhitA, puruSoM kA lakSaNa hai| yaha cakravartI rAjA tathA mahAn 13.10 / vrAtyoM ke uSNISa kA atharvaveda (15.2.1) evaM yogiyoM ke lalATa meM bhI hotI hai| yogamUrtiyoM ke lalATa paJcaviMza brA0 (17.1.14;16. 6. 13) meM pracura ullekha meM UrNA aGkita ko jAtI hai / vaha dhyAna kA pratIka hai| milatA hai| vAjapeya (zatapatha brA0 5.3.5. 33) tathA rAjasUya (maitrAyaNI saM0 4.4.3) yajJoM meM rAjapada ke UrNanAbha-eka prAcIna niruktakAra, jinakA ullekha yAska cihna rUpa meM rAjA dvArA uSNISa dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| ne nighaNTu kI vyAkhyA meM kiyA hai| zirobhUSA ke rUpa meM devatAoM ko bhI uSNISa dikhalAyA UrdhvapuNDa-candana Adi ke dvArA lalATa para Upara kI jAtA hai / bhAvaprakAza meM kathana hai : ora khIMcI gayI patrAkAra rekhA / yathA : uSNISaM kAntikRta kezyaM rajovAtakaphApaham / UrdhvapuNDraM dvijaH kuryAdvArimRdbhasmacandanaH / laghu cecchasyate yasmAd guru pittAkSirogakRt / / [brAhmaNa jala, miTTI, bhasma aura candana se UrdhvapuNDa [pagar3I zobhA bar3hAtI hai aura bAloM kA hita karatI tilaka kre| hai / vAta, pitta, kapha sambandhI rogoM se bacAtI hai / choTI UrdhvapuNDraM dvijaH kuryAt kSatriyastu tripuNDrakam / pagar3I acchI hotI hai, bar3I pagar3I pitta tathA A~khoM ke arddhacandrantu vaizyazca vartulaM zUdrayonijaH / / rogoM ko bar3hAtI hai| [ brAhmaNa UrdhvapuNDra, kSatriya tripuNDra, vaizya ardhacandra, uSNISa dhAraNa mAGgalika mAnA jAtA hai / zubha avasaroM zUdra vartulAkAra candana lagAye / ] para isakA dhAraNa ziSTAcAra kA eka Avazyaka aGga hai / vividha AkAroM meM sabhI sanAtanadharmI vyaktiyoM dvArA tilaka lagAyA jAtA hai / kintu UrdhvapuNDra vaiSNava sampradAya U-svaravarNa kA SaSTha akSara / kAmadhanutantra meM isakA tantrA- kA vizeSa cihna hai| vAsudeva tathA gopIcandana upaniSadoM tmaka mahattva nimnAMkita hai : (bhAgavata granthoM) meM isakA prazaMsAtmaka varNana pAyA jAtA zaGkhakundasamAkAraM UkAraM paramakuNDalo / hai| yaha gopIcandana se lalATa para eka, do yA tIna khar3I paJcaprANamayaM varNa 'paJcadevamayaM sadA // lamba rekhAoM ke rUpa meM banAyA jAtA hai|

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130 / devaprasAdI candana, rolI, gaMgA kI yA tulasImUla kI raja yA AratI kI bhasma se bhI UrdhvapuNDra tilaka kiyA jAtA hai / prasAdI kuMkuma yA rolI se mastaka ke madhya eka rekhA banAnA lakSmI yA zrI kA rUpa kahA jAtA hai / patrAkAra do rekhAe~ banAnA bhagavAn kA caraNacihna mAnA jAtA hai| OMkAra kI cauthI mAtrA ardhacandra aura bindu ke lamba rUpa meM bhI vaha hotA hai Urdhvame - ziva kA eka paryAya isakA zAbdika artha hai| jisakA medra (liGga) Upara kI ora ho| liGga nirvAta sthAna meM sthira dIpazikhA ke samAna nizcita jJAna kA pratIka hai| ziva jJAna ke sandoha haiM / skanda purANa Adi kaI granthoM meM Urdhvamer3ha ziva kI kathAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / UrdhvaretA-akhaNDa brahmacArI jisakA vIrya nIce patita na hokara deha ke UparI bhAga meM sthira ho jaay| sanakAdi, zukadeva, nArada, bhISma aadi| bhISma ne pitA ke abhISTa vivAha ke lie apanA vivAha tyAga diyA / ataH ve AjIvana brahmacArI rahane ke kAraNa UrdhvaretA nAma se khyAta ho gaye / yaha zaMkara kA bhI eka nAma hai : karitA UrdhvaliGga kazAyI nabhaHsthalaH / [ UrdhvaretA, UrdhvaliGga, UrdhvazAyI, nabhasthala / ] USImaTha -- himAlaya pradeza kA eka tIrtha sthala / jAr3oM meM kedArakSetra himAcchAdita ho jAtA hai| usa samaya kedAra nAthajI kI cala mUrti yahA~ A jAtI hai / yahIM zItakAla bhara unakI pUjA hotI hai / yahA~ mandira ke bhItara badarInAtha, tuGganAtha, oMkArezvara, kedAranAtha, USNa, aniruddha, mAndhAtA tathA satyayuga tretA dvApara kI mUrtiyA~ evaM anya kaI mUrtiyAM hai| R R - svaravarNa kA saptama akSara kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mAhAtmya adholikhita hai : RkAraM paramezAni kuNDalI mUrtimAn svayam / atra brahmA ca viSNuzca rudrazcaiva varAnane // sadA zivataM varNa sadA Izvara saMyutam / paJca varNamayaM varNa caturjJAnamayaM tathA / / raktavidyullatAkAraM RkAraM praNamAmyaham || [ he devI! R akSara svayaM mUrtimAn kuNDalI hai / isameM brahmA, viSNu aura rudra sadA vAsa karate haiM / yaha sadA ziva UrdhvameDhra-Rktha yuta aura Izvara se saMyukta rahatA hai| yaha paJcavarNamaya tathA caturjJAnamaya hai, rakta vidyut kI latA ke samAna hai / isako praNAma karatA hU~ / ] varNodvAra tantra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma batalAye gaye haiM : R pUrdoSamukhI rudro devamAtA trivikramaH / bhAvabhUtiH kriyA krUrA revikA nAzikA bhUtaH // ekapAda ziro mAlA maNDalA zAntinI jalam / karNaH kAmalatA meghA nivRttigaMNanAyakaH // rohiNI zivadUtI ca pUrNagiriva saptame / R - prAcIna vaidika kAla meM devatAoM ke sammAnArtha unakI jo stutiyA~ kI jAtI thIM, unheM Rk yA RcA kahate the / Rgveda aisI hI RcAoM kA saMgraha hai / isI lie isakA yaha nAma pdd'aa| de0 'Rgveda' / atharvasaMhitA ke mata se yajJa ke ucchiSTa (zeSa) meM se yajurveda ke sAtha-sAtha Rk, sAma, chanda aura purANa utpanna hue| bRhadAraNyaka u0 aura zatapatha brAhmaNa meM likhA hai : 'gIlI lakar3I meM se nikalatI huI agni se jaise alagaalaga dhuAM nikalatA hai, usI taraha usa mahAbhUta ke niHzvAsa se Rgveda, yajurveda, atharvAGgirasa, itihAsa, purANa, vidyA, upaniSad, zloka, sUtra, vyAkhyAna aura anu vyAkhyAna nikalate haiM: ye sabhI isake niHzvAsa haiM / ' Rk jyautiSa - jyotirvedAGga para tIna grantha bahuta prAcIna kAla ke milate haiN| pahalA RjyotiSa, dUsarA yajuH jyotiSa aura tIsarA atharva jyautiSa / Rk jyautiSa ke lekhaka lagadha hai| isako 'vedAGgajyotiSa' bhI kahate hai / RSaya paitRka dhana, suvarNa hiraNyaM draviNaM cumnaM vinamamukyaM dhanaM vasu / --- (zabdArNava) (yAjJavalkya) 'RkyamUlaM hi kuTumbam / ' [ paitRka sampatti ho kuTumba kA mUla hai / ] tAtparya yaha hai ki kuTumba una sadasyoM se banA hai jinakA Rbha pAne kA adhikAra hai / unhIM ko isakA adhikAra hotA hai jo kauTumbika dhArmika kriyAoM ko karane ke adhikArI haiM / isIlie dharmaparivartana karane vAloM ko kya pAne kA adhikAra nahIM thaa| aba dharmanirapekSa vyavasthA meM dharmaparivartana Rktha prApti meM bAdhaka nahIM hai / prAtizAkhya vedoM ke aneka prakAra ke svaroM, uccAraNa,

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RkSa-Rgveda 131 padoM ke krama aura viccheda Adi kA nirNaya zAkhA ke jina apanI suprasiddha vRtti likhI hai| nighaNTu kI TIkA vedavizeSa granthoM dvArA hotA hai unheM prAtizAkhya kahate haiN| bhASya karane vAle eka skandasvAmI ke nAma se bhI pAyI vedAdhyayana ke lie atyanta pUrvakAla meM RSiyoM ne par3hane kii| jAtI hai| sAyaNAcArya veda ke paravartI bhASyakAra hai| dhvani, akSara, svarAdi vizeSatA kA nizcaya karake apanI- yAska ke samaya se lekara sAyaNa ke samaya taka vizeSa rUpa apanI zAkhA kI paramparA nizcita kara dI thii| isa se koI bhASyakAra prasiddha nahIM huaa| vibheda ko smaraNa rakhane aura apanI paramparA kI rakSA ke vedAntamArgI loga saMhitA kI vyAkhyA kI ora vizeSa lie prAtizAkhya grantha bane / inhIM prAtizAkhyoM meM zikSA ruci nahIM rakhate, phira bhI vaiSNava saMpradAya ke eka AcArya tathA vyAkaraNa donoM pAye jAte haiN| Ananda tIrtha (madhvAcArya svAmI) ne RgvedasaMhitA ke kucha eka samaya thA jaba veda kI sabhI zAkhAoM ke prAti- aMzoM kA zlokamaya bhASya kiyA thaa| phira rAmacandra tIrtha zAkhyoM kA pracalana thA aura sabhI upalabdha bhI the / parantu ne usa bhASya kI TIkA racI thI / sAyaNa ne apane vistRta aba kevala Rgveda kI zAkala zAkhA kA zaunakaracita Rk 'RgbhASya' meM bhaTTabhAskara mizra aura bharatasvAmI-veda ke prAtizAkhya, yajurveda kI taittirIya zAkhA kA taittirIya do bhASyakAroM kA ullekha kiyA hai| katipaya aMza caNDU prAtizAkhya, vAjasaneyI zAkhA kA kAtyAyanaracita vAja paNDita, caturveda svAmI, yuvarAja rAvaNa aura varadarAja ke saneya prAtizAkhya, sAmaveda kA puSyamuni racita sAmaprAti bhASyoM ke bhI pAye jAte haiN| inake atirikta mudgala, zAkhya aura atharvaprAtizAkhya vA zaunakIya caturadhyAyI kapardI, AtmAnanda aura kauzika Adi kucha bhASyakAroM upalabdha haiN| zaunaka ke RkprAtizAkhya meM tIna kANDa, ke nAma bhI sunane meM Ate haiN| chaH paTala aura 103 kaNDikAe~ haiN| isa prAtizAkhya kA pariziSTa rUpa 'upalekha sUtra' nAmaka eka grantha milatA hai| Rgveda-veda cAra haiM, unameM se Rgveda sabase pramukha aura pahale viSNuputra ne isakA bhASya racA thaa| isako dekhakara maulika hai / kyoMki sampUrNa sAmaveda aura yajurveda kA padyAubaTAcArya ne isakA vistRta bhASya likhA hai| tmaka aMza tathA atharvaveda ke katipaya aMza Rgveda se hI RkSa-rIcha yA bhAlU / Rgveda meM RkSa zabda eka bAra tathA liye gaye haiN| pAtaJjala mahAbhASya (paspazAhnika) ke anuparavartI vaidika sAhitya meM kadAcit hI prayukta huA hai| sAra Rgveda kI ikkIsa saMhitAe~ thiiN| kintu Ajakala spaSTataH yaha jantu vaidika bhArata meM bahuta kama pAyA jaataa| kevala eka hI zAkala saMhitA upalabdha hai jisameM 1028 thaa| isa zabda kA bahuvacana meM prayoga 'sapta RSiyoM' sukta (11 vAlakhilyoM ko lekara) hai / zAkala saMhitA kA ke artha meM bhI kama hI huA hai| Rgveda meM dAnastuti ke do prakAra se vibhAjana kiyA gayA hai / prathamataH yaha maNDala, eka mantra meM 'RkSa' eka saMrakSaka kA nAma hai, jisake putra anuvAka aura varga meM vibhAjita hai, jisake anusAra isameM Arbha kA ullekha dUsare mantra meM AyA hai| 10 maNDala, 85 anuvAka aura 2008 varga hai| dUsare paravartI kAla meM nakSatroM ke artha meM isakA prayoga huA vibhAjana ke anusAra isameM 8 aSTaka, 64 adhyAya aura hai| rAmAyaNa tathA purANoM kI kaI gAthAoM meM RkSa eka 1028 sUkta haiM / pratyeka sUkta ke RSi, devatA aura chanda jAti vizeSa kA nAma hai| RkSoM ne rAvaNa se yuddha karane vibhinna hai / RSi vaha hai jisako mantra kA prathama sAkSAmeM rAma kI sahAyatA kI thii| tkAra huA thaa| (Adhunika bhASA meM RSi vaha thA jisane usa sUkta kI racanA kI athavA paramparA se use grahaNa RgvidhAna-isa grantha kI gaNanA Rgveda ke pUraka sAhitya kiyA thA / ) sUkta kA varNanIya viSaya devatA hotA hai / meM kI jAtI hai / isake racayitA zaunaka the / chanda vizeSa prakAra kA padya hotA hai jisameM sUkta kI RgbhASya-Rgveda ke Upara likhe gaye bhASyasAhitya kA racanA huI hai| sAmUhika nAma RgbhASya hai| Rgveda ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke sambandha meM do grantha atyanta prAcIna samajhe jAte vyAkhyAna aura adhyApana ke krama se Rgveda kI hai / eka nighaNTu hai aura dUsarA yAska kA nirukta / devarAja pA~ca zAkhAeM batalAyI gayI haiM-(1) zAkala, (2) yajvA nighaNTu ke TIkAkAra haiN| durgAcArya ne nirukta para vASkala, (3) AzvalAyana, (4) zAlAyana aura

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132 (5) mANDukeya kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra isakI sattA Isa zAkhAe~ thIM, jinake nAma nimnAkita hai : 10. zAGkhAyana 11. AzvalAyana 12. kauSItaki 13. mahAkauSItaki 22. 14. zAmvya 1. mudgala 2. gAlava 3. zAlIya 4. vAtsya 5. rauziri 6. bodhya 15. mANDUkya 7. agnimAThara 16. bahuca 8. parAzara 17. pa madhucchandA jeta medhAtithi zunaHzepa hiraNyastUpa kaNva praskaNva savya nodhA 9. jAtUkarNya 18. uddAlaka de0 [paM0 bhagavaddatta vaidika vAGmaya kA itihAsa, bhAga 1. pR0 131 / Rgveda ke RSiyoM ke nAma nimnAti hai dIrghatamA agastya parAzara gotama kutsa kazyapa RjrAzva trita kakSIvAn bhAvayavya romaza paruccheya budha avasyu pragAthakaNva yayAti apAlA indra marut lopAmudrA gRtsamada somahUti kUrma vizvAmitra RSabha utkala kaTa devazravA devavrata prajApati vAmadeva aditi 19. zatabalAkSa 20. gaja 21. vAkali trasadasyu purumilla babhru gatu dyumnika saMvaraNa mahaSa 23. " 24. aitareya 25. vasiSTha 26. sulabha 27. zaunaka kumAra Iza 33 sutambharA dharuNa vabri puru dvita tana zaza vizvasAma ghumna vizvacarSaNi gopapaNi vasuyu tryAruNa azvamedha atri vizvavara gauravIti gaviSThira prabhu puna sa 1 nRmeSa pRthu vasu cakSuH saptarSi kavi pUtadakSa pratikSatra Urdhvadma amahI rehajamadagni puruhana zizu khAnasa trizirA puSTigu haryazva zaGkha harimantha vena mAtarizvA kuru stut macita gutsamada pratardana asita kusIbI abhitayA ambarISa idhmabAha vizvak saptagu yajJa bhUtAMza gaupavana kapota RSyavajJa jaratkAru vibhrAjA rahUmaNa kSutakakSa sukakSa atribhUya gaurI utathya fafor pratiratha kRzAzva nidhruvi nema sudIti atri pavitra dhuSTigu gopavana damana devazravA akRSTapacyA kRSa kRtnu cyavana vasukra vyAghrapAt vevala uzanA kAvya ghoSA RjizvA zyAvAzva vaikuNTha vivRhA sudAsa saramA nAbhAnediSTa anilA viSANaka rAma syUmarazma zikhaNDinI bRhanmati ayAsya vindu AvatsAra rIti AvatsArakSa dyutAna pratibhAnu RNaJcaya bhRgu purumIDha yama yamI reNU Ayu saptavadhi virUpa saMyuka ajA pRSadha suparNa ekata lubha karNazruta dRDhacyuta kRSNa Rgveda suhastya nemanu apratiratha bRhatkatha pracetA mAndhAtA paNi sumitra zabarA vipra jUti uSTradeza

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Rgveda 133 vyaGga nabhaprabhedana mUrdhanvAn ita vizvAvasu zataprabhedana zaryAti abhIvarta jina devatAoM kI stuti Rgveda meM kI gayI hai unakI sUcI nimnalikhita hai : agni agnAyI rati dhruva vAyu vizvakarmA saMvarta agnipAvaka sAdhi tAnva UrdhvagrIva sAmbamitra agnipUta urvazI dhenu droNa agnitApasa dharma arbuda pataGga pRthubandhu bhikSu sarvahari saptadhRti zraddhA Ayu zibi maNDUka yUpa lava upastut purUravA ariSTanemi suveda urukSaya bhiSak zyena sArparAjJi aghamarSaNa savana kulamala duvasyu nAbhAga mRtyu indramAtA zirimbiTha ketu bAbhravya svasti yakSmanAzana sUrya bRhaddiva hiraNyagarbha citramahA pratiprabha bhuvana bahiSa mudgala zrutavid Rtu marut sindhu rakSohA anna prastoka pRthvI vanaspati pRSNi varuNa viSNu rAkA vAstoSpati pUSA sinIvAlI sarasvAn indrAvaruNa savitA citra mitrAvaruNa azvinau kapiJjala soma pitRmAn pitara uSA saramAputra aryamA parvata somaka vizvedeva Aditya rudra sarasvatI Aptya vAmadeva dhAtA Apro uccaiHzravA vaikuNTha vaizvAnara dadhikrA AtmA kSetrapati niRti tvaSTA svanaya sItA jJAna brahmaNaspati soma romazA ghRta . oSadhi dakSiNA bRhaspati uzanA araNyAnI vAk atri zraddhA indrANI kAle devI zacI varuNAnI sAdhya mAyAbheda parjanya tAoM Rgveda meM Aye hue chandoM ke nAma adholikhita hai : abhisAriNI madhyejyotiSmatI purauSNik anuSTup mahAbRhatI skandhogrIvI aSTi mahApadapaGkti tanuzirA astArapaGkti mahApaGkti viSTap atidhati satobRhatI upariSTAbRhatI atijagatI mahAsatobRhatI upariSTAjjyoti atinicut naSTarUpA UrdhvabRhatI atyaSTi nyasAriNI urobRhatI vihavya rAtahavya yajata urucakri ziMku bharga kali medhAtithi asaGga zazvati devAtithi brahmAtithi vatsa Rbhu matsya bahuvRkta paura avasyu mAnya manyu yavApamarut zazakarNa suhona azvasUkti devApi bharadvAja nArada zunahotra irimbiTha garga vaivasvata manu vasiSTha sahasravasu zaMyu sAdhvasa vItahavya goSakti nara saubhari RjisvA kazyapa maitrAvaruNi rocizA vizvamanA pAyu nipatithi vaziSTha vAziSTha zakti zyAvAzva

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134 Rgveda bRhatI puruSa ke rUpaka se bahuta sundara rUpa meM huA hai| isake kucha mantra nIce diye jAte haiM : sahasrazIrSA puruSaH sahasrAkSaH sahasrapAt / sa bhUmi sarvataH spRtvA'tyatiSThaddazAGgalam // 1 // [ puruSa (vizva meM pUrNa hone vAlI athavA vyApta sattA) sahasra (asaMkhyAta athavA ananta) sira vAlA, sahasra A~kha vAlA tathA sahasra pA~va vAlA hai| vaha bhUmi (jagat) ko sabhI ora se gherakara bhI isakA atikramaNa dasa aMgula se kiye hue hai| arthAt puruSa isa jagat meM samApta na hokara isake bhItara aura pare donoM ora hai / ] etAvAnasya mahimAto jyAyAMzca pUruSaH / pAdo'sya vizvA bhUtAni tripAdasyAmRtaM divi // 3 // [jitanA bhI vizva kA vistAra hai vaha saba isI virATa-puruSa kI mahimA hai / yaha puruSa ananta mahimA vAlA hai| isake eka pAda ( caturthAMza = kiyadaMza ) meM hI sampUrNa jagat vyApta hai| isake amRtamaya tIna pAda ( adhikAMza) prakAzamaya loka ko Alokita kara pAdanivRt padapakti viSTArapaGkti caturviMzatika paGkti uSNiggI dvipadI paGktyuttarA uSNika dhRti pipIlikamadhyA vardhamAnA dvipadAvirAT pragAtha viparItA ekapadAtriSTup prastArapaGkti virApA ekapadAvirAT pratiSThA virATa gAyatrI purastAd virATpUrvA jagatI bRhatI virATsthAnA kakup yavamadhyA viSTArabRhatI kRti Rgveda meM devatAtattva ke antargata aneka mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA varNana huA hai / sampUrNa vizva kA kisI na kisI 'daivata' ke rUpa meM grahaNa hai| mukhya devatAoM ko sthAnakrama se tIna vargoM-(1) bhUmisthAnIya, (2) antarikSasthAnIya tathA (3) vyomasthAnIya meM bA~TA gayA hai| isI prakAra parivArakrama se devatAoM ke tIna varga hai(1) Adityavarga (sUrya parivAra), (2) vasuvarga tathA (3) rudrvrg| inake atirikta kucha bhAvAtmaka devatA bhI haiM, jaise zraddhA, manyu, vAk Adi / bahuta se RSiparivAroM kA bhI devIkaraNa huA hai, jaise Rbhu Adi / nadI, parvata, yajJapAtra, yajJa ke anya upakaraNoM kA bhI devIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda ke devamaNDala ko dekhakara adhikAMza pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki isameM bahudevavAda kA hI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| parantu yaha mata galata hai / vAstava meM devamaNDala ke sabhI devatA eka dUsare se svatantra nahIM haiM; apitu ve eka hI mUla sattA ke dRzya jagat meM vyakta vividha rUpa haiM / sattA eka hI hai / svayaM Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai : 'eka sadviprA bahudhA vadanti, agni yamaM mAtarizvAnamAhuH / ' [ mUla sattA eka hI hai / usI ko vipra (vidvAn) aneka prakAra se (aneka rUpoM meM) kahate haiM / usI ko agni, yama, mAtarizvA Adi kahA gayA hai| ] varuNa, indra, soma, savitA, prajApati, tvaSTA Adi bhI usI ke nAma haiN| eka hI sattA se sampUrNa vizva kA udbhava kaise huA hai, isakA varNana Rgveda ke puruSasUkta (10.90) meM virATa tasmAd yajJAtsarvahuta RcaH sAmAni jajJire / chandAMsi jajJire tasmAdyajustasmAdajAyata // 7 // [ usI sarvahuta yajJa (vizva ke lie pUrNa rUpeNa arpita sattA) se Rk aura sAma utpanna hue| usI se chanda ( svatantra dhvani) utpanna hue aura usI se yajuH bhii|] yatpuruSaM vyadadhuH. katidhA vyakalpayan / mukhaM kimasyAsIt kimbAhU kimUrU pAdA ucyate / [ jisa puruSa kA aneka prakAra se varNana kiyA gayA hai usakA mukha kyA thA, bAhu kyA, jaMghA kyA aura pA~va kyA the ? ] brAhmaNo'sya mukhamAsId bAhU rAjanyaH kRtaH / UrU tadasya yadvaizyaH padbhyAM zUdro ajAyata // 11 // [ brAhmaNa isakA mukha thA, rAjanya (kSatriya) isakI bhujAe~ thIM, jo vaizya (sAmAnya janatA) hai vaha isakI jaMghA thI; isake pA~voM se zUdra utpanna huaa| arthAt sampUrNa samAja virAT puruSa se hI utpanna huA aura usI kA aGgabhUta hai|] isAka hI sattA se sambarSa cisva kA udbhava kI hatyA hai

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Rgveda 135 yajJena yajJamayajanta devAstAni dharmANi prathamAnyAsan / teha nAkaM mahimAnaH sacanta yatra pUrve sAdhyAH santi devAH // 16 // [ devoM (divya zaktivAle puruSoM) ne yajJa se hI yajJa kA anuSThAna kiyA, arthAt vizvakalyANI mUla sattA kA hI vizvahita meM vistAra kiyA / yajJa ke jo niyama bane ve hI prathama dharma hae / jo isa virAT puruSa kI upAsanA karanevAle loga haiM ve hI AdaraNIya devatA haiM / ] Rgveda ke 'nAsadIya sUkta' (aSTaka 8, adhyAya 7, varga 17) meM gUr3ha dArzanika prazna uThAye gaye haiM : nAsadAsInno sadAsIttadAnIM nAsIdra jo no vyomA'paro yat / kimAvarIvaH kuha kasya zarman __ nambhaH kimAsId gahanaM gabhIram // 1 // na mRtyurAsIdamRtaM na tahi na rAvyA ahna aasiitprketH| AnIdavAtaM svadhayA tadeka tasmAd dhAnyanna paraH kiJcanAsa / / 2 / / tama AsIt tamasA gUDhamagra prataM salilaM sarvamA idam / tacchyenAbhyapihitaM yadAsIt tapasastanmahinA jAyatakam // 3 // kAmastadana samavartatAdhi manaso retaH prathamaM yadAsIt / sato bandhumasati niravindan hRdi pratIpyA kavayo manISA // 4 // tirazcIno vitato razmireSAm ___adhaH svidAsIdupari svidAsIt / retodhA AsanmahimAna Asant svadhA avastAtprayatiH parastAt // 5 // ko addhA veda ka iha prAvocat / kuta AjAtA kuta iyaM visRSTiH / agdeivA asya visarjanenAthA ko veda yata AbabhUva // 6 // iyaM visRSTiryaMta AbabhUva yadi vA dadhe yadi vA na / yo asyAdhyakSaH parame vyomant so aGga veda yadi vA na veda // 7 // [ usa samaya na to asat (zUnya rUpa AkAza) thA aura na sat (sattva, raja tathA tama milAkara pradhAna) thaa| usa samaya raja (paramANu) bhI nahIM the aura na virATa vyoma (sabako dhAraNa karane vAlA sthAna) thaa| yaha jo vartamAna jagat hai vaha ananta zuddha brahma ko nahIM DhaMka sakatA aura na usase adhika athAha ho sakatA hai, jaise kuhare kA jala na to pathvI ko DhaMka sakatA hai aura na nadI meM usase pravAha cala sakatA hai / jaba yaha jagat nahIM thA to mRtyu bhI na thI aura na amRta thaa| na rAta thI aura na dina thaa| eka hI sattA thI, jahA~ vAyu kI gati nahIM hai| vaha sattA svayaM apane prANa se prANita thii| usa sattA ke atirikta kucha nahIM thaa| tama thaa| isI tama se DhaMkA huA vaha saba kucha thAcihna aura vibhAga rahita / vaha adeza aura akAla meM sarvatra sama aura viSaya bhAva se nitAnta eka meM milA aura phailA huA thaa| jo kucha sattA thI vaha zUnyatA se DhaMkI thI-AkArahIna / taba tapas kI mahAn zakti se sarvaprathama eka kI utpatti huii| sabase pahale (vizva ke vistAra kI) kAmanA uTha khar3I huI / jaba RSiyoM ne vicAra aura jijJAsA kI to unako patA lagA ki yahI kAmanA sat aura asat ko bA~dhane kA kAraNa huii| sat aura asata kI vibhAjaka rekhA tiryak rUpa se phaila gyii| isake nIce aura Upara kyA thA? atyanta zaktizAlI boja thaa| idhara jahA~ svatantra kriyA thI udhara parA zakti thii| vAstava meM kauna jAnatA hai aura kaha sakatA hai ki yaha suSTi kahA~ se huI ? devatAoM kI utpatti isa sRSTi se pIche kI hai / phira kauna kaha sakatA hai ki yaha sRSTi kaba huii| veda ne jo sRSTikrama kA varNana kiyA hai vaha usako kaise jJAta huA ? jisase yaha sRSTi prakaTa huI usI ne isako racA athavA nahIM racA hai (aura yaha svataH AvirbhUta ho gayo hai ?) / parama AkAza meM isa sRSTi kA jo adhyakSa (nirIkSaNa karanevAlA) hai, vahI isako jAnatA hai, athavA zAyada vaha bhI nahIM jAnatA / ] Rgveda meM jisa pUjApaddhati kA vidhAna hai usameM devastuti prathama hai| mantroccAraNa dvArA sAdhaka apane sAdhya se sAMnidhya sthApita karanA cAhatA hai| isake sAtha hI yajJa kA vidhAna hai, jisakA uddezya hai apanI sampatti aura jIvana ko devArtha (lokahitAya) samarpita krnaa| deva aura manuSya kA sAkSAtkAra sIdhA-sugama hai / ataH pratimA kI AvazyakatA nahIM / jinakA deva aura yajJa meM vizvAsa nahIM ve ziznadeva (ziznodaraparAyaNa) haiM / isa prakAra isameM

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136 RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA-RjuvimalA devapUjana aura atithipUjana para bala diyA gayA hai| pitaroM 12. mokSazAstra ke prati Adara-zraddhA kA Adeza hai| 13. nau-nirmANa tathA vAyuyAna nirmANa kalA Rgveda meM Rta kI mahatI kalpanA hai, jo sampUrNa 14. bijalI aura tApa vizva meM vyavasthA banAye rakhane meM samartha hai| yahI kalpanA 15. Ayurveda vijJAna nIti kA AdhAra hai| varuNasUkta (R0 ve0 5.85.7) meM 16. punarjanma sundara naitika upadeza pAye jAte haiN| Rta ke sAtha satya, 17. vivAha vrata aura dharma kI mahattvapUrNa kalpanAe~ tathA mAnyatAeM haiN| 18. niyoga hindU dharma ke sabhI tattva mUlarUpa se Rgveda meM vartamAna 19. zAsaka tathA zAsita ke dharma hai / vAstava meM Rgveda hindU dharma aura darzana kI AdhAra- 20. varNa aura Azrama zilA hai| bhAratIya kalA aura vijJAna donoM kA udaya 21. vidyArthI ke kartavya yahIM para hotA hai| vizva ke mUla meM rahanevAlI sattA ke 22. gRhastha ke kartavya avyakta aura vyakta rUpa meM vizvAsa, mantra, yajJa, abhi 23. vAnaprastha ke kartavya cAra Adi se usake pUjana aura yajana Adi maulika 24. saMnyAsI ke kartavya dhArmika tattva Rgveda meM pAye jAte haiM / isI prakAra tattvoM 25. paJca mahAyajJa ko jAnane kI jijJAsA, jAnane ke prakAra, tattvoM ke rUpa 26. granthoM kA prAmANya kAtmaka varNana, mAnavajIvana kI AkAMkSAoM, AdarzoM 27. yogyatA aura ayogyatA tathA mantavya Adi praznoM para Rgveda se paryApta prakAza 28. zikSaNa aura adhyayanapaddhati par3atA hai / darzana kI mUla samasyAoM; brahma, AtmA, mAyA, 29. praznoM aura sandehoM kA samAdhAna karma, punarjanma Adi kA srota bhI Rgveda meM pAyA jAtA 30. pratijJA hai| devavAda, ekezvaravAda, sarvezvaravAda, advaitavAda, sandeha- 31. veda sambandhI praznottara . vAda Adi dArzanika vAdoM kA bhI prArambha Rgveda meM hI 32. vaidika zabdoM ke vizeSa niyama-nirukta dikhAI par3atA hai| 33. veda aura vyAkaraNa ke niyama RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA-maharSi dayAnanda sarasvatI ne vedoM 34. alaMkAra aura rUpaka kA svatantra bhASya kiyA hai| unakA 'RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA' pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ke mantavyoM ke pariSkArArtha isa ati prabhAvazAlI grantha hai, jo vedabhASya kI bhUmikA ke prakAra kA vedArthavicAra atyupayogI hai| rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM nimnAMkita viSayoM para RjizvA-RjizvA kA ullekha Rgveda (1.51,5;5.3, vicAra huA hai : 8; 10.1.1;6.20.7) meM anekoM bAra AyA hai, kintu 1. vedoM kA udgama aspaSTa rUpa se, jaise ki yaha ati prAcIna nAma ho| yaha 2. vedoM kA apauruSeyatva aura sanAtanatva pighu tathA kRSNagarbhA Adi daityoM se yuddha karane meM indra kI 3. vedoM kA viSaya sahAyatA karatA hai / laDaviga ke anusAra yaha auzija kA 4. vedoM kA vedatva putra hai, kintu yaha sandehAtmaka dhAraNA hai| vaha do bAra 5. brahmavidyA spaSTa rUpa se vaidathina athavA vidathI kA vaMzaja kahA gayA 6. vedoM kA dharma hai (R0 4.16.13; 5.29.11) / 7. sRSTivijJAna RjukAma-kazyapa muni kA eka paryAya / isakA zabdArtha 8. sRSTicakra hai, 'jisakI kAmanA sarala ho / ' RjukAmatA eka dhArmika 9. gurutva aura AkarSaNa zakti guNa mAnA jAtA hai| 10. prakAzaka aura prakAzita RjuvimalA-pUrvamImAMsA sUtra para likhA huA vyAkhyA11. gaNitazAstra grantha / isakA racanAkAla 700 I0 ke lagabhaga aura

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RNamocanatIrtha-Rtvik (Rtvija) racanAkAra haiM prabhAkaraziSya zAlikanAtha paNDita / jIvana nirvAha kara le, kintu kutte kI vRtti (naukarI RNamocanatIrtha-sahAranapura-ambAlA ke bIca jagAdharI ke Adi) se kabhI bhI jIvana-yApana na kre| samIpa eka puNyasthAna / yahA~ bhISmapaJcamI ko melA lagatA zila-uccha ko Rta, bhikSA na mA~gane ko amRta, hai| 'RNamocana tIrtha' nAmaka sarovara hai| isameM snAna bhIkha mAMgane ko mRta, hala jotane ko pramRta kahA gayA hai| karane ke lie dUra-dUra se yAtrI Ate haiN| yaha sarovara RtadhAmA-jisakA satya dhAma (teja) hai; agni, viSNu, jaMgala meM hai| eka bhAvI indra / yajurveda (5.32) meM kathana hai : Rta-svAbhAvika vyavasthA, bhautika evaM AdhyAtmika 'havyasUdana RtadhAmAsi svatiH / ' nizcita daivI niyama / yaha vidhi, jise 'Rta' kahate haiM, RtadhAmA rudrasAvaNi manu ke kAla meM indra hogA; yaha ati prAcIna kAla meM vyavasthita haI thii| Rta kA bhAgavata (8.13.28) meM kahA gayA hai : pAlana sabhI devatA, prakRti Adi niyamapUrvaka karate haiM / bhavitA rudrasAvaNiH rAjan dvAdazamo manuH / IrAnI bhASA meM yaha niyama 1600 I0 pU0 'arta' ke RtadhAmA ca devendro devAzca haritAdayaH / / nAma se aura avestA meM 'aza' ke nAma se pukArA jAtA thaa| Rtvik (Rtvij)-jo Rtu meM yajJa karatA hai, yAjJika. Rta kI sabhI zaktiyoM ko dhAraNa karane vAlA devatA purohita / manu (2.143) meM kathana hai : varuNa hai (R0 5.85.7) / prakRti ke sabhI upAdAna usake agnyAdheyaM pAkayajJAnagniSTomAdikAnmakhAn / viSaya haiM evaM vaha dekhatA hai ki manuSya usake niyamoM kA yaH karoti vRto yasya sa tatvigihocyate / / pAlana karate hai yA nahIM / vaha naitikoM ko puraskAra evaM [agni kI sthApanA, pAkayajJa, agniSToma Adi yajJa anaMtikoM ko daNDa detA hai / varuNa ke atirikta anya deva jo yajamAna ke lie karatA hai vaha usakA Rtvik kahA tAoM kA bhI Rta se sambandha hai / usI ke mAdhyama se jAtA hai / ] usake paryAya haiM-(1) yAjaka, (2) bharata, devagaNa apanA kArya niyamita rUpa se karate haiN| (3) kuru, (4) vAgyata, (5) vRktavahiSa, (6) yatazruca, Rta ke tIna kSetra haiM-(1) vizvavyavasthA, jisake (7) marut, (8) sabAdha aura (9) devayava / / dvArA brahmANDa ke sabhI piNDa apane kSetra meM niyamita rUpa yajJakArya meM yogadAna karane vAle sabhI purohita brAhmaNa se kArya karate haiM, (2) naitika niyama, jisake anusAra hote haiN| purAtana zrauta yajJoM meM kArya karane vAloM kI vyaktiyoM ke paraspara sambandha kA nirvAha hotA hai| (3) nizcita saMkhyA sAta hotI thii| Rgveda kI eka purAnI karmakANDIya vyavasthA, jisake antargata dhArmika kriyAoM tAlikA meM inheM hotA, potA, neSTA, AgnIdhra, prazAstA, ke vidhi-niSedha, kAryapaddhati Adi Ate haiN| de0 Rgveda, adhvaryu aura brahmA kahA gayA hai| sAtoM meM pradhAna 1. 24. 7-8-10; 7.86.1; 7. 87.1-2 / sRSTi 'hotA' mAnA jAtA thA jo RcAoM kA gAna karatA thaa| prakriyA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki tapa se Rta aura satya vaha prArambhika kAla meM RcAoM kI racanA bhI (Uha utpanna hue; phira inase kramaza rAtri, samudra, arNava, saMvatsara, vidhi se) karatA thaa| adhvarya sabhI yajJakArya (hAtha se sUrya, candra Adi utpanna hue| kiye jAne vAle) karatA thaa| usakI sahAyatA mukhya rUpa se phasala kaTane ke bAda kheta meM par3I huI bAliyoM ke AgnIdhra karatA thA, ye ho donoM choTe yajJoM ko svatantra rUpa dAnoM ko cunane vAlI uJchavRtti ko bhI Rta kahate haiM / se karAte the| prazAstA jise upavaktA tathA maitrAvaruNa bhI manusmRti (4.4.5) meM kahA hai : kahate haiM, kevala bar3e yajJoM meM bhAga letA thA aura hotA ko RtAmRtAbhyAM jIvettu mRtena pramRtena vA / parAmarza datA thaa| kucha prArthanAe~ isake adhIna hotI thiiN| satyAnRtAbhyAmapi vA na zvavRttyA kadAcana / / potA, neSTA evaM brahmA kA sambandha somayajJoM se thaa| RtamuJchazilaM jeyamamRtaM syAdayAcitam / bAda meM brahmA ko brAhmaNAcchaMsI kahane lage jo yajJoM meM mRtantu yAcitaM bhaikSaM pramRtaM karSaNaM smRtam // nirIkSaka kA kArya karane lgaa| [ Rta, amRta, mRta, pramRta, satya-anRta inake dvArA Rgveda meM varNita dUsare purohita sAma gAna karate the / 18

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138 udgAtA tathA usake sahAyaka prastotA evaM dUsare sahAyaka pratihartA ke kArya yajJoM ke paravartI kAla kI yAda dilAte haiM / brAhmaNa kAla meM yajJoM kA rUpa jaba aura bhI vikasita evaM jaTila huA taba solaha purohita hone lage, jinameM naye Rtvik the acchAvAk, grAvastut, unnetA tathA subrahmaNya, jo aupacArika tathA kAryavidhi ke anusAra cAra-cAra bhAgoM meM baTe hue the-- hotA, maitrAvaruNa, acchAvAk tathA grAvastut; udgAtA, prastotA pratihartA tathA sutrahmaNya adhvaryu, pratisthAtA, neSTA tathA unnetA aura brahmA brAhmaNAcchaMsI, AgnIdhra tathA potA / inake atirikta eka purohita aura hotA thA jo rAjA ke sabhI dhArmika kartavyoM kA AdhyAtmika parAmarzadAtA thaa| yaha purohita bar3e yajJoM meM brahmA kA sthAna grahaNa karatA thA tathA sabhI yAjJika kAryoM kA mukhya nirIkSaka hotA thA / yaha purohita prAraMbhika kAla meM hotA hotA thA tathA sarvaprathama mantroM kA gAna karatA thA / pazcAt yahI brahmA kA sthAna lekara yajJanirIkSaka kA kArya karane lagA / RtumatI Rtuyukta strI usake paryAya haiM (1) rajasvalA, (2) strIdharmiNI, (3) avI, (4) AtreyI, (5) malinI, (6) puSpavatI aura (7) udakyA dharmazAstra meM RtumatI ke kartavyoM kA varNana hai| use isa kAla meM saba kAryoM se alaga hokara ekAnta meM rahanA caahie| pati ke lie bhI yaha niyama hai ki vaha prathama cAra dina patnI kA sparza na kare / patnI kA yaha kartavya hai ki vaha snAna ke pati kI kAmanA kre| pati ke lie RtukAla dina bAda patnI ke pAsa jAnA anivArya hai RtusnAtAM tu yo bhAryA sannidhI nopagacchati / ghorAyAM brahmahatyAyAM yujyate nAtra saMzayaH // (manu0 4.15) RtusnAna rajasvalA strI kA cauthe dina kiyA jAne vAlA snAna isa snAna ke pazcAt pati kA mUla dekhanA cAhie | pati ke samIpa na hone para pati kA mana meM dhyAna karake sUrya kA darzana kara lenA cAhie aisA dharmazAstra meM vidhAna hai| pazcAt ke cAra Rtuvrata- hemAdri, vratakhaNDa (2.858-861) meM pAMca RtuvratoM kA ullekha hai jinakA nirdeza yathA sthAna kiyA gayA hai / Rbhu RtumatISi deva vAyusthAnIya devagaNa Rgveda (9.21.6 ) meM kathana hai : 'Rbhurna rathyaM navaM dadhato ketumAdize / ' mahAbhArata ke vanaparva meM RbhuoM ko devatAoM kA bhI devatA kahA gayA hai : Rbhavo nAma tatrAnye devAnAmapi devatAH / teSAM lokAH paratare yAnyajantIha devatAH || [ Rbhu devatAoM ke bhI deva haiM / unake loka bahuta pare haiM, jinake lie yahA~ devatA loga yajJa karate haiM / ] RSyazRGga - vibhANDaka RSi ke putra, eka RSi / unakI patnI rAjA lomapAda kI kanyA zAntA thI / vIrazaiva yA liGgAyatoM ke RSyazvaGga nAmaka eka prAcIna AcArya bhI the / RSabhadhvaja - ziva kA eka paryAya, unakI dhvajA meM RSabha (baila) kA cihna rahatA hai / RSi - veda; jJAna kA prathama pravaktA parokSadarzI, divya dRSTi vAlA / jo jJAna ke dvArA mantroM ko athavA saMsAra kI carama sImA ko dekhatA hai yaha RSi kahalAtA hai| usake sAta prakAra haiM- (1) vyAsa Adi maharSi, (2) bhela Adi paramarSi (1) kaNva Adi devarSi, (4) vasiSTha Adi brahmarSi, (5) suzruta Adi zrutarSi, (6) RtuparNa Adi rAjarSi, (7) jaimini Adi kANDarSi / ratnakoSa meM bhI kahA gayA hai : sapta brahmadeva maharSi-paramarSayaH 1 kANDaSizca zrutazci rAjarSizca kramAvarAH // [ brahmarSi, devarSi maharSi paramarSi kANDarSi, zrutapi, rAjarSi ye sAtoM krama se avara haiM / ] 1 sAmAnyataH vedoM kI RcAoM kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAle loga RSi kahe jAte the ( RSayo mantradraSTAraH ) / Rgveda meM prAyaH pUrvavartI gAyakoM evaM samakAlIna RSiyoM kA ullekha hai| prAcIna racanAoM ko uttarAdhikAra meM prApta kiyA jAtA thA evaM RSiparivAroM dvArA unako nayA rUpa diyA jAtA thaa| brAhmaNoM ke samaya taka RcAoM kI racanA hotI rahI / RSi, brAhmaNoM meM sabase ucca evaM AdaraNIya the tathA unakI kuzalatA kI tulanA prAyaH tvaSTA se kI gayI hai jo svarga se utare mAne jAte the / nissandeha RSi vaidikakAlIna kuloM, rAjasabhAoM tathA sambhrAnta logoM se sambandhita hote the| kucha rAjakumAra 7

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RSikulyA bhI samaya-samaya para RcAoM kI racanA karate the, unheM rAjanyavi kahate the| Ajakala usakA zuddha rUpa rAjarSi hai / sAdhAraNatayA mantra yA kAvyaracanA brAhmaNoM kA hI kArya thaa| mantra racanA ke kSetra meM kucha mahilAoM ne bhI RSipada prApta kiyA thA / paravartI sAhitya meM RSi RcAoM ke sAkSAtkAra karane vAle mAne gaye haiM, jinakA saMgraha saMhitAoM meM huA / pratyeka vaidika sUkta ke ullekha ke sAtha eka RSi kA nAma AtA hai| RpigaNa pavitra pUrva kAla ke pratinidhi haiM tathA sAdhu mAne gaye haiM / unake kAryoM ko devatAoM ke kArya ke tulya mAnA gayA hai| Rgveda meM kaI sthAnoM para unheM sAta ke dala meM ullikhita kiyA gayA hai / bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad meM unake nAma gotama, bharadvAja, vizvAmitra, jamadagni, vaziSTha, kazyapa evaM api batAye gaye haiM / Rgveda meM kutsa, atri, rebha, agastya, kuzika, vasiSTha, vyazva tathA anya nAma RSirUpa meM Ate haiM / atharvaveda meM aura bhI bar3I tAlikA hai, jisameM aGgirA, agasti, jamadagni, atri, kazyapa, vasiSTha, bharadvAja, gavi SThira, vizvAmitra, kutsa, kakSIvanta, kaNva, medhAtithi, trizoka, uganA kAvya gotama tathA mudgala ke nAma sammi lita haiN| vaidika kAla meM kaviyoM kI pratiyogitA kA bhI pracalana thA / azvameva yajJa ke eka mukhya aGga 'brahmodya' (samasyApUrti) kA yaha eka aGga thA / upaniSad-kAla meM bhI yaha pratiyogitA pracalita rahI / isa kArya meM sabase prasiddha the yAjJavalkya jo videha rAjA janaka kI rAjasabhA meM rahate the / RSigaNa trikAlajJa mAne gaye haiM / unake dvArA prastuta kiye gaye sAhitya ko Arpeya kahA jAtA hai / yaha vizvAsa hai ki kaliyuga meM RSi nahIM hote, ataH isa yuga meM na to nayI zruti kA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA hai aura na nayI smRtiyoM kI racanA unakI racanAoM kA kevala anuvAda, bhASya aura TIkA hI sambhava haiM / RSikulyA - eka pavi nadI | mahAbhArata ( tIrthayAtrA parva, 2.84.46) meM isakA ullekha hai RSikulyAM samAsAdya naraH snAtvA vikalmaSaH / devAn pitRRn cArcayitvA RSilokaM prapadyate / / [ manuSya RSikulyA nadI meM snAna kara pAparahita hokara 139 tathA devatAoM aura pitaroM kA pUjana karake RSiloka ko prApta hotA hai / ] RSikeza de0 'hRSIkeza' / RSipaJcamI vrata - brahmANDapurANa ke anusAra RSipaJcamI kA varNana karate hue hemAdri kahate haiM ki yaha vrata bhAdra zukla paJcamI ko manAyA jAtA hai / yaha sabhI varNoM ke lie hai, kintu prAyaH striyA~ hI yaha vrata varSa bhara kI apavitratA evaM chUta ke prAyazcittArtha karatI haiM / nadI ke snAnoparAnta vrata karane vAle ko dainika kartavyoM se mukta ho agnihotramaNDapa meM AnA cAhie, vahA~ saptarSiyoM kI kuza se banI mUrti ko paJcAmRta meM nahalAnA cAhie, phira unheM candana tathA kapUra lagAnA caahie| unakI pUjA phUla, sugandhita padArtha, dhUpa, dIpa, zvetavastra, yajJopavIta, naivedya se karake arghya denA caahie| isa vrata ko karane se sabhI pApoM se mukti tInoM prakAra kI bAdhAoM se prANa tathA bhAgyodaya hotA hai| isa vrata ko karanevAlI strI Anandopabhoga va sundara zarIra, putra pautra Adi prApta karatI hai / RSyamUka parvata rAmAyaNa kI ghaTanAoM se sambaddha dakSiNa bhArata kA pavitra giri / virUpAkSa mandira ke pAsa se RSyamUka taka mArga jAtA hai| yahA~ tuGgabhadrA nadI dhanuSAkAra bahatI hai| nadI meM cakratIrtha mAnA jAtA hai / pAsa hI pahAr3I ke nIce zrIrAmamandira hai / pAsa kI pahAr3I ko 'mataGga parvata' mAnate haiN| isI parvata para mataGga RSi kA Azrama thaa| pAsa hI citrakUTa aura jAlendra nAma ke zikhara haiM / yahIM tuGgabhadrA ke usa pAra dundubhi parvata dIkha par3atA hai, jisake sahAre sugrIva ne zrI rAma ke bala kI parIkSA karAyI thI / ina sthAnoM meM snAna-dhyAna karane kA vizeSa mahattva hai / RR R - svara varNa kA aSTama akSara kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mAhAtmya nimnAMkita hai : RkAraM paramezAni svayaM paramakuNDalam / pItavidyullatAkAraM paJcadevamayaM sadA // caturjJAnamayaM varNaM paJcaprANayutaM sadA / trizanisahitaM varNa praNamAmi sadA priye // varNoddhAratantra meM isake nAma isa prakAra haiM :

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la-ekajanmA RH krodho'tithizo vANI vAmano go'tha zrIdhatiH / UrdhvamukhI nizAnAthaH padmamAlA vinavRdhIH / / zazinI mocikA zreSThA daityamAtA prtisstthitaa| ekadantAhvayo mAtA haritA mithunodayA / / komalaH zyAmalA medhI pratiSThA patiraSTamI / brahmaNyamiva kIlAle pAdako gandhakarSiNI / / kAminI vizvapA kAlo nityA zuddhaH zuciH kRtI / sUryo dhairyotkarSiNI ca ekAkI danujaprasUH / / la-devanagarI (medinIkoza); daityastrI, danujamAtA, kaamdhenumaataa| zarva, mahAdeva / ina ekAkSara zabdoM kA tAnthika kriyAoM meM upayoga hotA hai / ] la-svara varNa kA navama akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakI tAntrika mahimA isa prakAra hai : lakAraM caJcalApAGgi kuNDalI paradevatA / atra brahmAdayaH sarve tiSThanti satataM priye / / brahmadevamayaM varNaM caturjJAnamayaM sadA / paJcaprANayutaM varNaM tathA guNatrayAtmakam / / bindutrayAtmaka varNaM pItavidyullatA tathA / / tantrazAstra meM isake nimnalikhita nAma batalAye gaye haiM : laH sthANuH zrIdharaH zuddho medhA dhUmrAvako viyat / devayonirdakSagaNDo mahezaH kauntarudrakau // vizvezvaro dIrghajihvA mahendro lAGgaliH parA / candrikA pArthivo dhUmrA dvidantaH kAmavarddhanaH / / zucismitA ca navamI kAntirAyatakezvaraH / cittAkarSiNI kAzazca tRtIyakulasundarI / / la-devamAtA kA eka paryAya (mediniikosh)| e-svaravarNa kA ekAdaza akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA dhArmika mAhAtmya varNita hai : ekAraM paramaM divyaM brahmaviSNuzivAtmakam / raJjinI kusumaprakhyaM paJcadevamayaM sadA // paJcaprANAtmakaM varNaM tathA vindutrayAtmakam / caturvargapradaM devi svayaM paramakuNDalI // tantrazAstra meM ekAra ke kaI nAma diye hae haiM : ekAro vAstavaH zaktijhiNTI soSTho bhagaM marut / sukSmA bhUtokezI ca jyotsnA zraddhA pramardanaH / / bhayaM jJAnaM kRzA dhIrA jaGghA sarvasamudbhavaH / vahniviSNurbhagavatI kuNDalI mohinI ruruH / / yoSidAdhArazaktizca trikoNA IzasaMjJakaH / sandhirekAdazI bhadrA padmanAbhaH kulAcalaH / / ekakuNDala-jirAke kAna meM eka hI kuNDala hai; balarAma / medinIkoza ke anusAra yaha kubera kA bhI pAya hai| ekacakra-eka nagarI, isake paryAya haiM-harigaha, zumbhapurI / sUrya kA ratha, asahAyacArI / Rgveda (1.164. 2) meM kathana hai : sapta yaJjanti rathamekacakrameko'zvo vahati saptanAmA / trinAbhicakramajaramanarvaM yatremA vizvA bhuvanAdhi tasthuH / / eka rAjA / harivaMza (3.84) meM kahA gayA hai : ekacakro mahAbAhustArakazca mahAbalaH / isa nAma kA eka asura bhI thA: ekacakra iti khyAta AsId yastu mahAsuraH / prativindhya iti khyAto babhUva prathitaH kSitau / / [ jo ekacakra nAma kA mahAn asura thA, vaha 'prativindhya' nAma se pRthvI meM vikhyAta huaa|] ekajanmA-zUdra; dvijAtibhinna; jisakA dUsarA janma nahIM ho / jaba manuSya kA dUsarA janma (upanayana saMskAra) hotA la-svaravarNa kA dazama akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mAhAtmya nimnAMkita hai : lakAraM paramezAni pUrNacandra samaprabham / paJcadavAtmakaM varNa paJcaprANAtmakaM sadA / / guNatrayAtmaka varNa tathA bindutrayAtmakam / caturvargapradaM devi svayaM parama kuNDalI / / tantrazAstra meM isake nimnalikhita nAma pAye jAte haiM : lakAraH kamalA harSA hRSIkezo madhuvrataH / sukSmA kAntimigaNDo rudrA kAmodarI sUrA // zAntikRta svastikA zakro mAyAvI lolupo viyat / kuzamI susthiro mAtA nIlapIto gajAnanaH //

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ekatIrthI-ekaliGgajI 141 hai taba vaha dvija arthAt dvijanmA hotA hai / zUdra kA yaha ekanAthI bhAgavata-ekanAthajI dvArA bhAgavatapurANa kA saMskAra nahIM hotaa| marAThI bhASA meM racA gayA chandobaddha rUpAntara / yaha apanI ekatIrthI--jisakA samAna tIrtha (guru) ho, satIrthya, sahapAThI, bhAvapUrNa abhivyakti, rahasya bhedana tathA hRdayagrAhakatA ke grubhaaii| dharmazAstra meM ekatIrthI hone ke adhikAroM aura lie prasiddha hai| dAyitvoM kA varNana hai| ekapAda-eka prakAra kA vrata / yoga ke aneka Atmazodhaka ekadanta-jisake eka dA~ta ho, gaNeza / parazurAma ke dvArA tathA mana ko bAhya vastuoM se haTAkara ekAgra karane ke inake ukhAr3e gaye dA~ta kI kathA brahmavaivartapurANa meM isa sAdhanoM meM se yaha bhI eka zArIrika kriyA hai / isameM lambI prakAra hai-eka samaya ekAnta meM baiThe hue ziva-pArvatI ke avadhi (kaI saptAha) taka eka pA~va para khar3e rahane kA dvArapAla gaNezajI the| usI samaya unake darzana ke lie vidhAna hai| parazarAma Aye / zivadarzana ke lie lAlAyita hone para ekapiGga-yakSarAja kubera / unake piGgala netra kI kathA bhI gaNezajI ne unheM bhItara nahIM jAne diyaa| isa para skandapurANa ke kAzIkhaNDa meM kahI gayI hai| gaNezajI ke sAtha unakA tumula yuddha huaa| parazurAma ke ekabhakta vrata-jisameM eka bAra bhojana kA vidhAna ho usako dvArA pheMke gaye parazu se gaNezajI kA eka dA~ta TUTa gyaa| ekabhakta vrata kahate haiN| rAtri meM bhojana na karake kevala usa samaya se gaNezajI ekadanta kahalAne lge| dina meM bhojana karanA bhI ekabhakta kahalAtA hai| ekadaNDI-zaGkarAcArya dvArA sthApita dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM skandapurANa meM likhA hai : meM se prathama tIna (tIrtha, Azrama evaM sarasvatI) vizeSa dinArdhasamaye'tIte bhujyate niyamena yat / sammAnya mAne jAte hai / inameM kevala brAhmaNa hI sammilita ekabhaktamiti proktaM rAtrau tanna kadAcana / / ho sakate haiM / zeSa sAta vargoM meM anya vargoM ke loga bhI [dina kA AdhA samaya vyatIta ho jAne para niyama se A sakate hai, kintu daNDa dhAraNa karane ke adhikArI jo bhojana kiyA jAya use ekabhakta kahA jAtA hai| brAhmaNa hI haiM / isakA dIkSAvata itanA kaThina hotA hai ki vaha bhojana rAtri meM punaH nahIM hotaa| ] isa vrata kA bahuta se loga daNDa ke binA hI rahanA pasanda karate haiN| niyama aura phala viSNudharmottara meM kahA gayA hai| inhIM saMnyAsiyoM ko 'ekadaNDI' kahate haiN| isake viruddha zrIvaiSNava saMnyAsI (jinameM kevala brAhmaNa hI sammilita ekaliGga-eka hI devamUrti vAlA sthAna / yaha ziva kA hote haiM) tridaNDa dhAraNa karate haiN| donoM sampradAyoM meM paryAya hai / Agama meM likhA hai : antara spaSTa karane ke lie inheM 'ekadaNDI' tathA paJcakrozAntare yatra na liGgAntaramIkSyate / 'tridaNDI' nAmoM se pukArate haiN| tadekaliGgamAkhyAtaM tatra siddhiranuttamA // ekadaMSTra-de0 'ekadanta' / [pA~ca koza ke bhItara jahA~ para eka hI liGga ho dUsarA na ho, use ekaliGga sthAna kahA gayA hai| vahA~ ekanAtha-madhyayugIna bhAratIya santoM meM ekanAtha kA nAma tapa karane se uttama siddhi prApta hotI hai|] bahuta prasiddha hai| mahArASTrIya ucca bhaktoM meM nAmadeva ke pazcAt dUsarA nAra ekanAtha kA hI AtA hai| inakI ekaliGgajI--rAjasthAna kA prasiddha zaiva tIrthasthAna / mRtyu 1608 I0 meM huI / ye varNa se brAhmaNa the tathA paiThana udayapura se nAthadvArA jAte samaya mArga meM haldIghATI meM rahate the| inhoMne jAtiprathA ke viruddha AvAja uThAyI aura ekaliGgajI kA mandira par3atA hai| udayapura se tathA anupama sAhasa ke kAraNa kaSTa bhI sahA / inakI yaha 12 mIla hai| ekaliGgajI kI mUrti meM cAroM ora prasiddhi bhAgavatapurANa ke marAThI kavitA meM anuvAda ke mukha haiM arthAt yaha caturmukha liGga hai| ekaliGgajI kAraNa huii| isake kucha bhAga paMDharapura ke mandira meM mevAr3a ke mahArANAoM ke ArAdhya deva hai| pAsa meM indrasaMkIrtana ke samaya gAye jAte haiN| inhoMne 'haripada' nAmaka sAgara nAmaka sarovara hai| Asa-pAsa meM gaNeza, lakSmI, chabbIsa abhaMgoM kA eka saMgraha bhI racA / dArzanika dRSTi se DuTezvara dhArezvara Adi kaI devatAoM ke mandira haiM / pAsa ye advaitavAdI the / meM hI vanavAsinI devI kA mandira bhI hai|

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142 ekazRGga-ekAntI ekazRGga-viSNu ke avatAra matsya kA eka sIMga hone ke 414 ( brahmapurANa se uddhRta ) / sambhavataH ekA-anaGgA kAraNa usako ekazRGga kahate haiN| svAyambhuva manvantara devI kA vrata pati ke AkarSaNa athavA vazIkaraNa ke lie meM asamaya meM hI pralaya ho jAne ke kAraNa matsyarUpa dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| karanevAle viSNa ke sIMga meM mana ne nAva bAMdhI thii| ekAntarahasya-vallabhAcArya dvArA racita eka grantha / isameM de0 kAlikA purANa, a0 32 de| sampUrNa prapattiyoga para AdhArita puSTimArga ke siddhAntoM ekA-advitIyA, durgA : kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| ekAgaNArthA trailokye tasmAdekA ca socyate / ekAntada rAmAyya ( ekAnta rAmAcArya)-Alocaka vidvAnoM [ samasta guNoM kI tInoM lokoM meM vaha eka hI mUrti / ke anusAra vIrazaiva mata ke saMsthApaka vasava kahe jAte haiM, hai, isalie use "ekA" kahate haiM / ] jo kalacurI rAjA bijjala ke pradhAna maMtrI the| bijjala mArkaNDeya purANa (90.7) meM kathana hai : 1156 I0 meM kalyANa meM rAjya karatA thaa| kintu DA0 ekavAhaM jagatyatra dvitIyA kA mamAparA / phlITa kA mata hai ki ablura ke ekAntada rAmAyya hI [ isa saMsAra meM maiM eka hI hai: majhase atirikta aura vIrazaiva mata ke pravartaka the, jinakA caritra eka prAcIna dUsarA koI nahIM hai / ] abhilekha meM prApta hai| ve pUrNatayA dharmaparAyaNa the, jabaki ekAkSaropaniSad-yaha paravartI upaniSad hai / isameM advaita vasava ko rAjanItika evaM sainika jIvana meM bhI lipta rahanA akSara tattva kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| par3atA thaa| 'ekAntada rAmAyya' kA saMskRta rUpa 'ekAnta ekAdazI-prasiddha evaM pavitra tithi / yaha zukla pakSa meM rAmAyaM' athavA 'ekAnta rAmAcArya hai| sUryamaNDala se candramaNDala kI nirgama rUpa ekAdaza kalA ekAnna-ekabhakta vrata, arthAt eka bAra hI bhojana karane kriyA hai| kRSNa pakSa meM sUryamaNDala meM candramaNDala kI kA vrata / aisA vrata jisameM eka hI anna khAyA jAya / praveza rUpa ekAdaza kalA-kriyA hai / isake paryAya haiM-(1) skanda purANa ke kAzIkhaNDa meM kathana hai : harivAsara, (2) hridin| isa dina anna tyAga, vrata, Urje yavAnnamaznIyAdekAnnamathavA punaH / upavAsa Adi kiye jAte haiN| vaiSNavoM ke lie isakA [kArtika mAsa meM eka anna athavA jau khAnA caahie|] vizeSa mahattva hai| kaI rasoMvAlI bhojya vastuoM ko ekamaeka milA ekAdazIvrata-sabhI vaiSNava tathA bahuta se anya sampradAya denA bhI ekAnna hai| saMnyAsiyoM ke lie aise svAdarahita vAle hindU bhI pratyeka ekAdazI kA vrata karate haiM / isakA bhojana karane kA niyama hai| gAMdhIjI kA 'asvAdavata' mAhAtmya prasiddha hai| vaise to sabhI mAsoM kI ekAdazI yahI hai| pavitra hai, kintu kArtika zukla ekAdazI kA vizeSa mahattva ekAntI-eka mAtra paramAtmA para avalambita rahane vaalaa| hai| isako prabodhinI ekAdazI kahate haiM / isI dina isa prakAra ke bhakta kA aTala vizvAsa hotA hai ki viSNu apanI nidrA se jAgate haiN| de0 'prabodhinI ekaadshii'| paramezvara kI pUjA-bhakti hI kevala mokSa kA mArga hai / isakA pAramArthika bhAva hai annatyAga ke samAna hI ekAdaza ataeva Izvara tathA usake avatAroM kI hI bhakti evaM indriyoM ke viSayoM-saMsArI vastuoM kA tyAgarUpa ekA- pUjA honI cAhie / isa prakAra yaha sampradAya ekezvaravAdI dazI-vrata / hai| bhAgavata sAhitya bAra-bAra isa bAta para jora detA ekAnaGgApUjA-isa vrata kA anaGga (kAmadeva ) se hai ki saccA vizvAsI 'ekAntI' hI hogA aura vaha kevala sambandha hai / kArtika zukla 4, 8, 9 athavA caturdazI ko eka Izvara kI ArAdhanA kregaa| mahilAe~ kisI phaladAra vRkSa ke nIce ekAnaGgA kA garuDapurANa ke 131 veM adhyAya meM likhA hai : pUjana kreN| tatpazcAt bAja athavA anya kisI pakSI se ekAntenAsamo viSNuryasmAdeSAM parAyaNaH / kaheM ki unake uttama khAdya tathA naivedya meM se vaha coMca tasmAdekAntinaH proktAstadbhAvagatacetasaH / / bharakara bhagavatI ke pAsa kucha thor3A-sA naivedya le jaaye| [kyoMki ye ekAnta bhAva se mahAn viSNu kI bhakti usa dina patnI pati se pUrva hI bhojana kara le / tadanantara karate haiM, ataH inheM ekAntI kahA gayA hai| inakA mana vaha pati ko bhojana karAye / de0 kRtyaratnAkara, 413- bhagavAn kI ora hI rahatA hai / ]

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ekAyana-ekezvaravAda 143 eka hai saba Izvara puruSasU ekAyana-makhya Azraya, eka mAtra gantavya mArga, eknishcy|| darzanoM meM nyAya, vaizeSika, yoga aura vedAnta ekezvarachAndogya upaniSad meM uddhata adhyayana kA eka viSaya; siddhAnta kA pratipAdana karate haiN| purANoM meM to Izvara saMbhavataH nItizAstra / seMTa pITarsavarga DikzanarI meM isakA ke astitva kA hI nahIM, kintu usakI bhakti, sAdhanA artha 'aikya kA siddhAnta' arthAta 'ekezvaravAda' batalAyA gayA aura pUjA kA aparimita vikAsa huA / vizeSa kara viSNuhai / maiksamUlara isakA artha 'AcaraNa zAstra' tathA moniyara purANa aura zrImadbhAgavatapurANa IzvaravAda ke prabala viliyama apane zabdakoza meM 'sAMsArika jJAna' batalAte haiN| puraskartA hai| vaiSNava, zaiva tathA zAkta sampradAyoM meM bhI ekASTakA-atharvaveda ( 15. 16. 2; zatapatha brAhmaNa 6, ekezvaravAda kI pradhAnatA rahI hai| isa prakAra Rgveda2, 2, 23, 4, 2, 10 ) ke anusAra pUrNamAsI ke pazcAt kAla se lekara Aja taka bhArata meM ekezvaravAda pratiaSTama dina ekASTakA kahalAtA hai / ekASTakA yA aSTakA / kA artha sabhI aSTamI nahIM, apitu koI vizeSa aSTamI vyAvahArika jIvana meM ekezvaravAda kI pradhAnatA pratIta hotA hai| atharva0 (3.10) meM sAyaNa ne ekASTakA hote hue bhI pAramArthika aura AdhyAtmika anubhUti kI ko mAgha mAsa kA kRSNapakSIya aSTama dina batalAyA hai| dRSTi se isakA paryavasAna advaitavAda meM hotA haitaittirIya saMhitA meM yaha dina una logoM kI dIkSA ke lie advaitavAda arthAt mAnava ke vyaktitva kA vizvAtmA meM nizcita kiyA gayA hai, jo eka varSa kI avadhi kA koI pUrNa vilaya / jAgatika sambandha se ekezvaravAda ke kaI yajJa karane jA rahe hoN| rUpa haiN| eka hai sarvezvaravAda / isakA artha yaha hai ki ekezvaravAda-bahuta-se devatAoM kI apekSA eka hI Izvara jagat meM jo kucha bhI hai vaha Izvara hI hai aura Izvara ko mAnanA / isa dhArmika athavA dArzanika vAda ke anusAra sampUrNa jagat meM ota-prota hai| Rgveda ke puruSasUkta meM koI eka sattA hai jo vizva kA sarjana aura niyantraNa sarvezvaravAda kA rUpaka ke mAdhyama se vizada varNana hai| karatI hai; jo nitya jJAna aura Ananda kA Azraya hai; jo upaniSadoM meM 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma neha nAnAsti kiJcana / ' pUrNa aura sabhI guNoM kA AgAra hai aura jo sabakA dhyAna meM bhI isI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hai| parantu bhAratIya kendra aura ArAdhya hai| yadyapi vizva ke mUla meM rahane sarvezvaravAda pAzcAtya 'painathiijma' nahIM hai| painathiijma vAlI sattA ke viSaya meM kaI bhAratIya vAda haiM, jinameM meM Izvara apane ko jagata meM samApta kara detA hai| bhAratIya ekatvavAda aura advaitavAda bahuta prasiddha haiM, tathApi ekezvara- sarvezvara jagat ko apane eka aMza se vyApta kara ananta vAda kA udaya bhArata meM, Rgvedika kAla se hI pAyA vistAra meM usakA atireka kara jAtA hai| vaha antaryAmI jAtA hai / adhikAMza yUropavAsI prAcyavid, jo bhAratIya aura atirekI donoM hai| ekezvaravAda kA dUsarA rUpa hai daivatatattva ko samajhane meM asamartha haiM aura jinako eka- 'Izvara kAraNatAvAda' / isake anusAra Izvara jagat kA aneka meM barAbara virodha hI dikhAI par3atA hai, Rgveda ke nimitta kAraNa hai / jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa prakRti hai| siddhAnta ko bahudevavAdI mAnate haiM / bhAratIya vicAra- Izvara jagat kI sRSTi karake usase alaga ho jAtA hai dhArA ke anusAra vividha devatA eka hI deva ke vividha aura jagat apanI karmazRGkhalA se calatA rahatA hai / nyAya rUpa haiM / ataH cAhe jisa deva kI upAsanA kI jAya vaha aura vaizeSika darzana isI mata ko mAnate haiM / ekezvaravAda anta meM jAkara eka hI deva ko arpita hotI hai / Rgveda kA tIsarA rUpa hai 'zuddha IzvaravAda' / isake anusAra Izvara meM varuNa, indra, viSNu, virAT puruSa, prajApati Adi kA sarvezvara aura brahma ke svarUpa ko bhI apane meM AtmasAt yahI rahasya batalAyA gayA hai| kara letA hai / vaha sarvatra vyApta, antaryAmI tathA atirekI upaniSadoM meM advaitavAda ke rUpa meM ekezvaravAda kA aura jagat kA kartA, dhartA, saMhartA, jagat kA sarvasva aura varNana pAyA jAtA hai / upaniSadoM kA saguNa brahma hI Izvara ArAdhya hai| isI ko zrImadbhagavadgItA meM puruSottama hai, yadyapi usakI sattA vyAvahArika mAnI gayI hai, kahA gayA hai| saguNopAsaka vaiSNava tathA zaiva bhakta isI pAramArthika nahIM / mahAbhArata meM (vizeSa kara bhagavadgItA IzvaravAda meM vizvAsa karate haiN| ekezvaravAda kA cauthA meM ) IzvaravAda kA sundara vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| SaD- rUpa hai 'yogezvaravAda' / isake anusAra Izvara vaha puruSa hai

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144 ekoddiSTazrAddha-ekorAmArAdhya zivAcArya jo karma, karmaphala tathA karmAzaya ( karmaphala ke saMskAra) se mukta rahatA hai; usameM aizvarya aura jJAna kI parAkASThA hotI hai, jo mAnava kA Adi guru aura guruoM kA bhI guru hai / de0 pAtaJjala yogasUtra, 1.24 / yogasUtra kI bhojavRtti (2.45) ke anusAra Izvara yogiyoM kA sahAyaka hai| unakI sAdhanA ke mArga meM jo vighna bAdhA upasthita hotI hai unheM vaha dUra karatA hai aura unakI samAdhisiddhi meM sahAyatA karatA hai| tAraka jJAna kA vahI dAtA hai / parantu isa vAda meM Izvara jagat kA kartA nahIM aura na prakRti aura puruSoM meM sarvatra vyApta; vaha kevala upadeSTA aura guru hai| ekezvaravAda meM IzvarakAraNatAvAda ( Izvara jagat kA nimitta kAraNa hai ) ke samarthana meM naiyAyikoM ne bahuta se pramANa prastuta kiye haiN| udayanAcArya ne jo pramANa diye haiM, unameM tIna mukhya hai-prathama hai, 'jagat kI kaarytaa|' isakA artha yaha hai ki jagat kArya hai ataH isakA koI na koI kAraNa honA cAhie aura use kArya-kAraNa-zRGkhalA se pare honA caahie| vaha hai Izvara / dUsarA pramANa hai 'jagat kA Ayojanatva', arthAt jagat ke sampUrNa kAryoM meM eka krama athavA yojanA dikhAI par3atI hai| yaha yojanA jar3a se nahIM utpanna ho sktii| isakI saMyojaka koI cetana sattA hI honI caahie| vaha sattA Izvara ke atirikta dUsarI nahIM ho sktii| tIsarA pramANa hai 'karma aura karmaphala kA sambandha', arthAt donoM meM eka prakAra kA naitika sambandha / isa naitika sambandha kA koI vidhAyaka honA cAhie / eka sthAyI niyantA kI kalpanA ke binA isa vyavasthA kA nirvAha nahIM ho sktaa| yaha niyantA Izvara hI ho sakatA hai / yogasUtra meM Izvara kI siddhi ke lie eka aura pramANa milatA hai| vaha hai sRSTi meM jJAna kA tAratamya (aneka prANiyoM meM jJAna kI nyUnAdhika maatraa)| isa jJAna kI kahIM na kahIM parAkAThA honI caahie| vaha Izvara meM hI saMbhava hai| sabase bar3A pramANa hai santa aura mahAtmAoM, RSi-muniyoM kA sAkSAt anubhava, jinhoMne svataH IzvarAnubhUti kI hai| ekoddiSTa zrAddha-eka mRta vyakti kI zAnti aura tRpti ke lie kiyA gayA zrAddha / yaha parivAra ke pitaroM ke vArSika zrAddha se bhinna hai / kisI vyakti ke durdazAgrasta hokara marane, DUbakara marane, bUre dina para marane, mUlataH hindU para bAda meM musalamAna yA IsAI ho jAne vAle evaM jAtibahiSkRta kI mRtyu para 'nArAyaNabali' nAmaka karma karate haiN| yaha bhI ekoddiSTa kA hI rUpa hai| isake antargata zAlagrAmamUrti kI vizeSa pUjA ke sAtha bIca-bIca meM preta kA bhI saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zrAddhakarma samasta bhArata meM sanAtana hindU dharmAvalambiyoM meM sAmAnya antara ke sAtha pracalita hai| ekorAma-vIrazaiva mata ke saMsthApakoM meM se eka AcArya / vIrazaiva mata ko liMgAyata vA jaMgama bhI kahate haiN| isake saMsthApaka pA~ca saMnyAsI mAne jAte haiM, jo ziva ke pA~ca siroM se utpanna divya rUpadhArI mAne gaye haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki pA~ca saMnyAsI atiprAcIna yuga meM prakaTa hue the, bAda meM vasava ne unake mata ko punarjIvana diyaa| kintu prAcIna sAhitya ke paryAlocana se patA calatA hai ki ye loga vasava ke samakAlIna athavA kucha Age tathA kucha pIche ke samaya ke haiM / ye pA~coM mahAtmA vIrazaiva mata se sambandha rakhane vAle pA~ca maThoM ke mahanta the / ekorAma bhI unhIM meM se eka the aura ye kedAranAtha (himAlaya) maTha ke adhyakSa the| ekorAmArAdhya zivAcArya-kaliyuga meM utpanna vIrazaiva mata ke eka AcArya / de0 'ekorAma' / ai-svara varNa kA dvAdaza akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mAhAtmya nimna prakAra hai: aikAraM paramaM divyaM mahAkuNDalinI svayam / koTicandra pratIkAzaM paJca prANamayaM sadA / / brahmaviSNumayaM varNa tathA rudramayaM priye / sadAzivamayaM varNa bindutraya samanvitam / / tantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma pAye jAte haiM : ailajjA bhautikaH kAntA vAyavI mohinI vibhuH / dakSA dAmodaraH prajJo'dharo vikRtamukhyapi / / kSamAtmako jagadyoniH paraH paranibodhakRt / jJAnAmRtA kapadizrIH pIThezo'gniH samAtRkaH / / tripurA lohitA rAjJI vAgbhavo bhautikAsanaH / mahezvaro dvAdazI ca vimalazca sarasvatI / / kAmakoTo vAmajAnuraMzamAna vijayo jaTA /

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aikya-aindramahAbhiSeka 145 aikya-vIrazaiva bhakti yA sAdhanA ke mArga kI chaH ava- inakA nAma aitareya par3A / isakA racanAkAla bahuta prAcIna sthAe~ ziva ke aikya kI ora le jAtI haiM / ve haiM bhakti, hai| isameM janamejaya kA ullekha hai, ataH isako kucha maheza, prasAda, prANaliGga, zaraNa evaM aikya / aikya bhakti vidvAn paravartI mAnate haiM, kintu yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki kI carama pariNati hai, jisameM ziva aura bhakta kA bheda yaha janamejaya mahAbhArata kA paravartI hai athavA anya koI miTa jAtA hai| pUrvavartI raajaa| aiDa--devI kA eka bIjamantra / rahasyamaya zAkta mantroM meM __ aitareya brAhmaNa para govinda svAmI tathA sAyaNa ke adhikAMza gUDhArthaka dhvanisamUha haiM, yathA hrIG, hUGa, mahattvapUrNa bhASya haiM / sAyaNabhASya ke Ajakala cAra saMskaham, phaT / 'aiD' bhI zAkta mantra kI eka dhvani hai| isa raNa upalabdha haiM / Adhunika yuga meM isakA pahalA saMskaraNa dhvani ke japa se adbhuta zakti kA udaya mAnA jAtA hai| aMgrejI anuvAda ke sAtha mArTina hAga ne 1863 I0 meM aitareya AraNyaka-AraNyaka zabda kI vyAkhyA pUrvavartI pRSThoM prakAzita kiyA thA / dUsarA saMskaraNa thiyoDora ADapharesTana meM ho cukI hai| aitareya AraNyaka Rgveda ke aise hI do ne 1879 I0 meM prakAzita kiyaa| paNDita kAzInAtha granthoM meM se eka hai| isake pA~ca adhyAya hai, dUsare aura zAstrI ne 1896 meM isakA tIsarA saMskaraNa nikAlA tIsare meM vedAnta kA pratipAdana hai ataH ve svatantra aura cauthA saMskaraNa e0 vI0 kItha dvArA prakAzita kiyA upaniSad mAne jAte haiN| ina do adhyAyoM kA saMkalana gyaa| mahIdAsa aitareya ne kiyA thA / prathama ke saMkalaka kA patA aitareyopaniSada-eka RgvedIya upaniSad / Rgveda ke nahIM, cauthe-pA~caveM kA saMkalana zaunaka ke ziSya AzvalAyana aitareya AraNyaka meM pA~ca adhyAya aura sAta khaNDa haiM / ne kiyaa| de0 'AraNyaka' / / inameM se cauthe, pA~caveM tathA chaThe khaNDoM kA saMyukta nAma aitareya brAhmaNa-Rk sAhitya meM do brAhmaNa grantha haiN| aitareyopaniSad hai| ina tInoM meM kramazaH jagat, jIva pahale kA nAma aitareya brAhmaNa tathA dUsare kA zAGkhAyana tathA brahma kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isakI gaNanA athavA kauSItaki brAhmaNa hai| donoM granthoM kA atyanta / prAcIna upaniSadoM meM kI jAtI hai| ghaniSTha sambandha hai, yatra-tatra eka hI viSaya kI vyAkhyA aitareyopaniSaddIpikA-mAdhavAcArya athavA vidyAraNyasvAmI kI gayI hai, kintu eka brAhANa meM dUsare brAhmaNa se vipa- dvArA racita aitareyopaniSada kI zAGkarabhASyAnusAriNI rIta artha prakaTa kiyA gayA hai / kauSItaki brAhmaNa meM jisa ttiikaa| acche DhaMga se viSayoM ko vyAkhyA kI gayI hai usa DhaMga se aitidyatattvasiddhAnta-svAmI nimbArkAcArya dvArA racita aitareya brAhmaNa meM nahIM hai / aitareya brAhmaNa ke pichale dasa mAnA gayA eka grantha / isakA ullekha anya granthoM meM pAyA adhyAyoM meM jina viSayoM kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai ve kauSI jAtA hai / ukta AcArya ke kisI pazcAdbhAvI anuyAyI taki meM nahIM haiM, kintu isa abhAva ko zAGkhAyanasUtroM meM dvArA isakA nirmANa sambhava hai| (isakI eka tAr3apatrita pUrA kiyA gayA hai / Ajakala jo aitareya brAhmaNa upalabdha pratilipi 'aitihyatattvarAddhAnta' nAma se 'nimbArkapITha, hai usameM kula cAlIsa adhyAya haiM / inakA ATha paJcikAoM prayAga' ke jagadgurupustakAlaya meM surakSita hai|) meM vibhAga haA hai| zAsAyanabrAhmaNa meM tIsa adhyAya aindramahAbhiSeka-aitareya brAhmaNa meM do vibhinna rAjakIya haiN| aitareya brAhmaNa ke antima dasa adhyAya aitihAsika yajJoM kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| ve haiM-punarabhiSeka (8. AkhyAnoM se bhare haiM / isameM bahuta se bhaugolika vivaraNa 5-11) evaM aindramahAbhiSeka (8. 12-20) / prathama kRtya bhI milate haiN| ina brAhmaNoM meM 'AkhyAna' hai, 'gAthAe~' kA rAjyArohaNa se sambandha nahIM hai / yaha kadAcit rAjahai, 'abhiyajJa gAthAe~' bhI hai jinameM batAyA gayA hai ki sUya yajJa se sambandhita hai| aindramahAbhiSeka kA siMhAsanAkisa mantra kA kisa avasara para kisa prakAra AvirbhAva rohaNa se sambandha hai / isakA nAma aindramahAbhiSeka isalie huA hai| par3A ki isameM ve kriyAeM kI jAtI haiM, jo indra ke svargaaitareya brAhmaNa ke racayitA mahIdAsa aitareya mAne jAte rAjyArohaNa ke lie kI gayI mAnI jAtI haiN| purohita hai / ye itarA nAmaka dAsI se utpanna hue the, isalie isa avasara para rAjA ke zarIra meM indra ke guNoM kI

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146 aindri - o sthApanA mantra evaM pratijJAoM dvArA karatA hai / de0 'abhi- aila -- ilA kA putra purUravA / isIse aila athavA candravaMza kA peka' aura 'rAjyAbhiSeka' | Arambha huA thaa| mahAbhArata ( 175 17) meM kathana hai : purUravAstato vidvAnilAyAM samapadyata / sA vai tasyAbhavanmAtA pitA caiveti naH zrutam // aindri - indra kA putra jayanta / bAlI nAmaka vAnararAja ko bhI aindri kahA gayA hai, arjuna kA bhI eka paryAya aindra hai, kyoMki ina donoM kA janma indra se huA thA / aindrI - indra kI patnI / mArkaNDeyapurANa (88. 22) meM kathana hai : 'vajrahastA tathaivaindrI gajarAjopari sthitA / ' durgA kA bhI eka nAma aindrI hai| pUrva dizA, indra devatA ke lie par3hI gayI RcA, jyeSThA nakSatra bhI aindrI kahe jAte haiM / aiyanAra - eka grAmadevatA, jisakI pUjA dakSiNa bhArata meM vyApaka rUpa se hotI hai / isakA mukhya kArya hai khetoM ko kisI bhI prakAra kI hAni, vizeSa kara daivI vipattiyoM se bacAnA / prAyaH pratyeka gA~va meM isakA cabUtarA pAyA jAtA hai / mAnavarUpa meM isakI mUrti banAyI jAtI hai / yaha mukuTa dhAraNa karatA hai aura ghor3e para savAra hotA hai / isakI do patniyoM, pUraNI aura puduklA kI mUrtiyAM isake sAtha pAyI jAtI hai jo rakSaNa kArya meM usakI sahAyatA karatI haiM / kRSi paripakva hone ke samaya inakI pUjA vizeSa prakAra se kI jAtI hai| aiyanAra kI utpatti harihara ke saMyoga se mAnI jAtI hai| jaba hari (viSNu) ne mohinI rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA usa samaya hara (ziva) ke teja se aiyanAra kI utpatti huI thii| isakA pratIkatva yaha hai ki isa devatA meM rakSaNa aura saMhAra donoM bhAvoM kA mizraNa hai / airAvata-pUrva dizA kA diggaja indra kA hAthI, yaha zvetavarNa, cAra dA~ta vAlA, samudra ke manthana se nikalA huA svarga kA hAthI hai / isake paryAya haiM - abhramAtaGga, abhramuvallabha zvetahastI, caturdanta mallanAga indrakuJjara, hastimalla, sadAdAna, sudAmA, zvetakuJjara, gajAgraNI, nAgamalla / mahAbhArata, bhISmaparva ke aSTama adhyAya meM bhAratavarSa se uttara ke bhUbhAga ko uttara kuru ke badale 'airAvata' kahA gayA hai| janasAhitya meM bhI yahI nAma AyA hai| isa bhAga ke nivAsiyoM ke vilAsa evaM yahA~ ke saundaryAdi kA varNana bhISmaparva ke pUrva adhyAyoM meM varNita 'uttarakuru' deza ke anurUpa hI huA hai / [ pazcAt purUravA ilA se utpanna huA / vahI usakI mAtA tathA pitA huI aisA sunA jAtA hai / ] aila athavA candravaMza bhAratIya itihAsa kA bahuta prasiddha rAjavaMza hai / isameM purUravA, Ayu, yayAti Adi vikhyAta rAjA hue| yayAti ke putra yadu, puru, anu Adi the / yadu ke vaMza kA vipula prasAra bhArata meM huA 1 aizvaryaM - svAmitvasUcaka sAmagrI; vaibhava; Izvara kA bhAva / usake paryAya hai- vibhUti bhUti, prApti, prAkAmya, mahimA, Izitva, vazitva, kAmAvasAyitA chaH bhagoM meM bhI isakI gaNanA hai : aizvaryasya samagrasya vIryasya yazasaH zriyaH / jJAnavairAgyayozcaiva SaNNAM bhaga itIGganA / / [ sampUrNa aizvarya, vIrya, yaza, zobhA, jJAna aura vairAgya ina chaH ko bhaga kahate haiM / ] aizvaryatRtIyA - tRtIyA ke dina brahmA, viSNu athavA ziva kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| aizvarya kI abhivRddhi ke lie tInoM lokoM ke sAtha tInoM devatAoM kA nAma tathA mantroccAraNa karanA cAhie / de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1.498 / o o svaravarNa kA trayodaza akSara kAmadhenu tantra meM isakA dhArmika mAhAtmya isa prakAra hai : okAraM caJcalApAGgi paJcadevamayaM sadA / raktavidyullatAkAraM triguNAtmAnamIzvaram // paJcaprANamayaM varNaM namAmi devamAtaram / etad varNa mahezAni svayaM paramakuNDalI | tantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma haiM : sadyojAto vAsudevo gAyatrI dIrghajakaH / ApyAyanI cordhvadanto lakSmIrvANI mukhI dvijaH // uddezyadarzakastIvra : kailAso kailAso vasudhAkSaraH / praNavAMzI brahmasUtra majeza sarvamaGgalA // trayodazI dIrghanAsA ratinAtha digambaraH / trailokyavijayA prajJA prItibIjAdikarSiNI //

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om-aughar3a 147 om-praNava, oMkAra; paramAtmA / yaha nAma akAra, ukAra vindhya parvata kI ArAdhanA se prasanna hokara bhagavAn ziva tathA makAra tIna varNI se banA huA hai| kahA bhI hai : yahA~ oGkArezvara rUpa meM virAjamAna hue haiN| akAro viSNuruddiSTa ukArastu mahezvaraH / ogaNa-pazcimI paMDitoM ke vicAra se Rgveda (10.89. makAreNocyate brahmA praNavena trayo matAH / / 15) meM yaha zabda kevala bahuvacana meM una vyaktiyoM ke [ akAra se viSNu, ukAra se mahezvara, makAra se brahmA lie prayukta huA hai, jo vaidika RSiyoM ke zatru the / kA bodha hotA hai| isa prakAra praNava se tInoM kA bodha luDviga ke anusAra ( Rgveda, 5.209 ) yaha zabda eka hotA hai / ] vyakti vizeSa kA bodhaka hai| pizela ( vedike sTuDiana, yathA parNa palAzasya zakunaikena dhAryate / pR0 2, 191, 192 ) ise eka vizeSaNa batalAte haiM, tathA jagadidaM sarvamoMkAreNaiva dhAryate / / jisakA artha 'durbala' hai| (yAjJavalkya) __ oGkAravAdArtha-tRtIya zrInivAsa ( aThArahavIM zatAbdI [ jaise palAza kA pattA eka tinake se uThAyA jA __ ke pUrvArdha meM utpanna ) dvArA racita eka grantha / isameM sakatA hai, usI prakAra yaha vizva oMkAra se dhAraNa kiyA viziSTAdvaita mata kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai / jAtA hai / ] oSadhiprastha-oSadhi-vanaspatiyoM se bharapUra parvatIya bhUmi; oGkArazcAthazabdazca dvAvetau brahmaNaH purA / aise sthAna para basI huI nagarI, jo himAlaya kI rAjakaNThaM bhittvA viniryAtau tasmAn mAGgalikAvubhau // dhAnI thii| isakA kumArasambhava meM varNana hai : [ oMkAra aura atha zabda ye donoM brahmA ke kaNTha ko tatprayAtauSadhiprasthaM siddhaye himavatpuram / bhedana karake nikale hai| isIlie inheM mAGgalika kahA [ kAryasiddhi ke lie himAlaya ke oSadhiprastha nAmaka gayA hai| ] nagara ko jaaie|] tasmAdomityudAhRtya yajJadAnatapaH kriyAH / pravartante vidhAnoktAH satataM brahmavAdinAm / / upAsanA aura yaugika kriyAoM ke lie yaha sthAna (gItA, a017) upayukta mAnA gayA hai| au [ isalie 'OM' kA uccAraNa karake brahmavAdI loga vidhipUrvaka nirantara yajJa, dAna, tapa kI kriyA Arambha au-svara varNa kA caturdaza akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA karate haiN|] mAhAtmya isa prakAra diyA huA hai : ___'om' svIkAra, aMgIkAra, roSa arthoM meM bhI prayukta raktavidyullatAkAraM aukAraM kuNDalI svayam / hotA hai| atra brahmAdayaH sarve tiSThanti satataM priye // yogI loga oMkAra kA uccAraNa dIrghatama ghaMTAdhvani paJcaprANamayaM varNa sadAzivamayaM sdaa| ke samAna bahuta lambA yA atyanta pluta svara se karate haiM, sadA IzvarasaMyuktaM caturvargapradAyakam // usakA nAma 'udgItha' hai| pluta ke sUcanArtha hI isake tantrazAstra meM isake nimnalikhita nAma haiM : bIca meM '3' kA aMka likhA jAtA hai| isakI gupta cauthI aukAraH zaktiko nAdastejaso vAmajaGghakaH / manurarddhagrahezazca mAtrA kA uccAraNa yA cintana brahmajJAnI jana karate hai| zaGkarNaH sadAzivaH / / oGkArezvara-prasiddha zava tIrtha / dvAdaza jyotiliGgoM meM adhodantazca kaNThyoSThyau saGkarSaNaH sarasvatI / 'oGkArezvara' kI gaNanA hai| yahA~ do jyotirliGga haiM; AjJA cordhvamukhI zAnto vyApinI prakRtaH payaH / / oDArezvara aura amalezvara / narmadA nadI ke bIca meM anantA jvAlinI vyomA caturdazI ratipriyaH / mAndhAtA dvIpa para oDArezvara liGga hai / yahIM para sUrya- netramAtmakarSiNI ca jvAlA mAlinikA bhRguH / / vaMza ke cakravartI rAjA mAndhAtA ne zaGkara kI tapasyA kI aughar3a-prAcIna pAzupata sampradAya prAyaH lupta ho gayA hai| thii| isa dvIpa kA AkAra praNava se milatA jalatA hai| usake kucha vikRta anuyAyI aghorI avazya dekhe jAte haiN|

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148 auDulomi-ka ve purAne kApAlika haiM evaM gorakha aura kabIra ke prabhAva se parivartita rUpa meM dIkha par3ate haiN| ___ tAntrika evaM kApAlika bhAvoM kA mizraNa inakI caryA meM dekhA jAtA hai, ataH ye kisI bandhana yA niyama se ava- ghaTita-aghaTita ( nahIM gar3he hue) masta, phakkar3a par3e rahate haiM, isI se ye audhar3a kahalAte haiM / de0 'aghora pNth'| auDulomi-eka purAtana vedAntAcArya / vedAntI dArzanika AtmA evaM brahma ke sambandha kI prAyaH tIna prakAra se vyAkhyA karate haiN| Azmarathya ke anusAra AtmA na to brahma se bhinna hai na abhinna / inake siddhAnta ko bhedAbhedavAda kahate haiN| dUsare vicAraka auDulomi haiN| inakA kathana hai ki AtmA brahma se taba taka bhinna hai, jaba taka yaha mokSa pAkara brahma meM mila nahIM jAtA / inake siddhAnta ko satyabheda yA dvaita siddhAnta kahate haiM / tIsare vicAraka kAzakRtsna haiN| inake unusAra AtmA brahma se bilkula abhinna hai| inakA siddhAnta advaitavAda hai| AcArya auDulomi kA nAma kevala vedAntasUtra ( 1.4. 21;3.4.45;4.4.6 ) meM hI milatA hai, mImAMsAsUtra meM nahIM milatA / ye bhI bAdarAyaNa ke pUrvavartI jAna par3ate hai / ye vedAnta ke AcArya aura AtmA-brahma bhedavAda ke samarthaka the| audgAtrasArasaMgraha-sAmavedI vidhiyoM kA saMgraharUpa eka nibandhagrantha hai| sAmaveda kA anya zrautasUtra 'drAhyAyaNa' hai / 'lATacAyana zrautasUtra' se isakA bahata thoDA bheda hai| yaha sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya zAkhA se sambandha rakhatA hai / madhvasvAmI ne isakA bhASya likhA hai tathA rudraskanda svAmI ne 'audagAtrasArasaMgraha' nAma ke nibandha meM usa bhASya kA saMskAra kiyA hai| aurdhvadehika-zarIra tyAga ke bAda AtmA kI sadgati ke lie kiyA haA karma / mRta zarIra ke lie usa dina pradatta dAna aura saMskAra kA nAma bhI yahI hai / jisa dina vyakti marA ho usa dina se lekara sapiNDIkaraNa ke pUrva taka preta kI tRpti ke lie jo piNDa Adi diyA jAtA hai, vaha saba aurdhvadehika kahalatA hai| de0 'antyeSTi' / manu ( 11.10 ) meM kahA gayA hai : bhRtyAnAmuparodhena yatkarotyauvaMdehikam / tadvatyasUkhoda jIvatazca matasya ca // [ apane Azrita rahane vAloM ko kaSTa dekara jo matAtmA ke lie dAna Adi detA hai vaha dAna jIvana meM tathA marane ke pazcAt bhI duHkhakAraka hotA hai|] aurNanAbha-Rgveda (10.120.6 ) meM danu ke sAta putra dAnavoM ke nAma Ate haiN| ye anAvRSTi ( sUkhA ) ke dAnava haiM aura sUkhe mausama meM AkAza kI vibhinna avasthAoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / inameM vRtra AkAzIya jala ko avaruddha karane vAlA hai jo sAre AkAza meM chAyA rahatA hai / dUsarA zuzna hai jo sasya ko naSTa karatA hai / yaha varSA ( mAnasUna ) ke pahale par3ane vAlI pracaMDa garmI kA pratinidhi hai| tIsarA aurNanAbha ( makar3I kA putra ) hai / kadAcit isakA aisA nAma isalie par3A ki sUkhe mausama meM AkAza kA dRzya phaile hue Una yA makar3e jaisA ho jAtA hai| aurasa-apane aMza se dharmapatnI ke dvArA utpanna santAna / yAjJavalkya ke anusAra : svakSetre saMskRtAyAntu svayamutpAdayeddhi yam / tamaurasaM vijAnIyAt putraM prathamakalpitam / / [saMskArapUrvaka vivAhita strI se jo putra utpanna kiyA jAtA hai use sarvazreSTha aurasa putra jAnanA caahie| ] dharmazAstra meM aurasa putra ke adhikAroM aura kartavyoM kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| a: a:-yaha ekAkSarakoza ke anusAra mahezvara kA pratIka hai / mahAbhArata meM bhI isakI puSTi huI hai : binduvisargaH sumukhaH zaraH sarvAyudhaH sahaH / (13.17.126) kAmadhenutantra meM isakA pratIkatva varNita hai : aHkAraM paramezAni visarga sahitaM sadA / akAraM paramezAni raktavidyutprabhAmayam / / paJcadevamayo varNaH paJcaprANamayaH sadA / sarvajJAnamayo varNaH AtmAditattvasaMyutaH / / bindUtrayamayo varNaH zaktitrayamayaH sdaa| kizoravayasaH sarve gItavAdyAdi tatparAH // zivasya yuvatI etAH svayaM kuNDalI mUrtimAn // ka-vyaJjanavarNa ke kavarga kA prathama akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM

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kakSIvAm-kaNTha : / isakA pratIkAtmaka rahasya nimnalikhita batalAyA gayA hai| adhunA saMpravakSyAmi kakAratatvamuttamam / rahasyaM paramAzcaryaM trailokyAnAJca saMzRNu // vAmarekhA bhaved brahmA viSNurdakSiNarekhikA | adhorekhA bhaved rudro mAtrA sAkSAtsarasvatI // kuNDalI aMkuzAkArA madhye zUnyaH sadAzivaH / javAyAvakasaMkAzA vAmarekhA varAnane // zaraccandrapratIkAzA dakSa rekhA ca mUrtimAn / adhorekhA varArohe mahAmarakatadyutiH // zaGkhakundasamA kIrtirmAtrA sAkSAt sarasvatI / kuNDalI azA yA tu koTividyullatAkRtiH // koTicandrapratIkAzo madhye zUnyaH sadAzivaH / zUnyagarbhe sthitA kAlI kaivalyapadadAyinI // kakArAjjAyate sarva kAmaM kaivalyameva ca / avazya jAyate devi tathA dharmazca nAnyathA // kakAraH sarvavarNAnAM mUlaprakRtireva ca / kakAraH kAmadA kAmarUpiNI sphuradavyayA // kamanIyA mahezAni svayaM prakRti sundarI / mAtA sA sarvadevAnAM kaivalya padadAyinI // UrdhvakoNe sthitA kAmA brahmatiritIritA / vAmakoNe sthitA jyeSThA viSNuzaktiritIritA / / dakSako sthitA bindU raudrI saMhArarUpiNI / jJAnAtmA sa tu cAGgi kalAcatuSTayAtmakaH // icchAzaktirbhaved brahmA viSNuzca jJAnazaktimAn / kriyAzaktirbhaved rudra: sarva prakRtimUrtimAn // AtmavidyA zivastatra sadA mantraH pratiSThitaH / AsanaM tripurAdevyAH kakAraM paJcadaivatam // Izvaro yastu devezi trikoNe tasya saMsthitiH / trikoNametat kathitaM yoni maNDalamuttamam // kevalaM prapade yasyA: kAminI sA prakIrtitA / javAyarvakasindUra sadRzI kAminI parAm // caturbhujAM trinetrA bAhuvallI virAjitAm / kadamba korakAkArastanadvaya vibhUSitAm || tAntrika kriyAoM meM isa akSara kA vahA upayoga hotA hai / kakSIvAn -- RcAoM ke draSTA eka RSi / Rgveda (1.18, 1,51, 13, 112, 16, 116, 7, 117, 6, 126,3,4.26,1; 8.9,10,1.74, 8 10.25, 1061,16) meM anekoM bAra 149 kakSIvAn RSi kA nAma uddhRta hai / ve uzija nAmaka dAsI ke putra aura parivAra se 'patra' the, kyoMki unakI eka upAdhi paricaya (030 1.116,7117,6) hai| Rgveda (1.126) meM unhoMne siMdhutaTa para nivAsa karane vAle svanaya bhAgya nAmaka rAjakumAra kI prazaMsA kI hai, jisane unako sundara dAna diyA thA / vRddhAvasthA meM unhoMne vRcayA nAmaka kumArI ko patnI rUpa meM prApta kiyaa| ye dIrghajIvI the| Rgveda (4.26,1) meM purAkathita kussa evaM uzanA ke sAtha inakA nAma AtA hai / paravartI sAhitya meM inheM AcArya mAnA gayA hai| inakA nAma Rgveda ke katipaya sUtoM ke saMkalana kAra nau RSiyoM kI tAlikA meM AtA hai ye nau RSi haiMsavya nodhasa, parAzara, gotama, kutsa, kakSIvAn, parucchepa, dIrghatamA evaM agastya / ye pUrvavartI chaH RSiyoM se yA unake kuloM se bhinna haiM / kaGkatIya - zatapatha brAhmaNa meM uddhRta eka parivAra kA nAma, jisane zANDilya se 'agnicayana' sIkhA thA / Apastamba zrautasUtra meM 'kaGkatibrAhmaNa grantha kA uddharaNa hai / baudhAyanazrautasUtra meM uddhRta chAgaleyabrAhmaNa evaM kaGkatibrAhmaNa sambhavataH eka hI grantha ke do nAma haiM / kaMsa - purANoM ke anusAra yaha andhaka - vRSNi saMgha ke gaNamukhya ugrasena kA putra thA / isameM svacchanda zAsakIya yA adhinAyakavAdI pravRttiyAM jAgRta huI aura pitA kI apadastha karake yaha svayaM rAjA bana baitthaa| isakI bahina devakI aura bahanoI vasudeva the| inako bhI isane kArAgAra meM DAla diyA / yahIM para inase kRSNa kA janma huA ataH kRSNa ke sAtha usakA virodha svAbhAvika thA / kRSNa ne usakA vadha kara diyaa| apanI niraMkuza pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa kaMsa kA citraNa rAkSasa ke rUpa meM huA hai / - kaccha- - zIghra gati aura sannaddhatA ke lie pahanA gayA jA~ghiyA, jo sikkhoM ke lie Avazyaka hai / guru govindasiMha ne mugala sAmrAjya se yuddha karane ke lie eka zaktizAlI senA banAyI apane sainikoM para pUrNarUpa se dhArmika prabhAva DAlane ke lie unhoMne apane hAtha se unheM 'khaDga dI pahala' talavAra kA dharma diyA tathA unase bahuta sI pratijJAeM karAyIM / ina pratijJAoM meM 'ka' se prArambha hone vAle pA~ca pahanAvoM kA grahaNa karanA bhI thaa| kaccha

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150 ( kacchA) una pA~coM meM se eka hai| pA~ca pahanAve hai kaccha kar3A, kRpANa, keza evaM kaMghA / kajjalI - bhAdra kRSNa tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA cAhie / isameM viSNupUjA kA vidhAna hai / nirNayasindhu ke anusAra yaha madhya deza (banArasa, prayAga Adi ) meM atyanta prasiddha hai / kaTharudropaniSad - uttarakAlIna eka upaniSad / jaisA ki nAma se prakaTa hai, yaha kaThazAkhA tathA rudra devatA se sambaddha upaniSad hai / isameM rudra kI mahimA tathA ArAdhanA batalAyI gayI hai| kaThazruti upaniSad - yaha saMnyAsamArgIya eka upaniSad hai / isakA racanAkAla maitrAyaNI upaniSad ke lagabhaga hai| kaThopaniSad - kRSNa yajurveda kI kaThazAkhA ke antargata yaha upaniSad hai / isameM do adhyAya aura chaH valliyA~ haiM / isake viSaya kA prArambha uddAlakaputra vAjazravasa RSi ke vizvajit yajJa ke sAtha hotA hai| isameM naciketA kI prasiddha kathA hai, jisameM zreya aura preya kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| naciketA ne yamarAja se tIna vara mAMge the, jinameM tIsarA brahmajJAna kA vara thA / yamarAja dvArA naciketA ke prati varNita brahmavidyA kA upadeza isakA pratipAdya mukhya viSaya hai| kaNTakoddhAra - AcArya rAmAnuja ( vikramAbda prAyaH 1194 ) ne apane mata kI puSTi, pracAra evaM zAGkaramata ke khaNDana ke lie anekoM granthoM kI racanA kI, jinameM se 'kaNTakoddhAra' bhI eka hai / isameM advaitamata kA nirAkaraNa karake viziSTAdvaita mata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kaTadAnotsava yaha utsava bhAdrapada zukla ekAdazI, dvAdazI, pUrNimA ko jaba bhagavAn viSNu do mAsa ke aura zayana ke lie karavaTa badalate haiM, manAyA jAtA hai / de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa 2.813 smRtikaustubha 153 // kaNAda - vaizeSika darzana ke praNetA kaNAda RSi / inakA vaizeSikasUtra isa darzana kA mUla grantha hai / prazastapAda kA 'padArthadharmasaMgraha' nAmaka grantha hI vaizeSika darzana kA bhASya kahalAtA hai | parantu yaha bhASya nahIM hai aura sUtroM ke AdhAra para praNIta svatantra grantha hai / isa grantha meM kaNAda ne dharma kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai : 1 kajalI-pa 'yato'bhyudaya niHzreyasa siddhiH sa dharmaH / ' [ jisase abhyudaya ( aihalaukika sukha) tathA niHzreyasa ( pAramArthika mokSa) kI siddhi ho vaha dharma hai / ] isake pazcAt saba padArthoM ke prakAra, lakSaNa tathA svarUpa kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| unake matAnusAra nAnA bhedoM se bhinna ananta padArtha haiM / ina samasta padArthoM kI avagati hajAra yuga bIta jAne para bhI eka-eka ko pakar3akara nahIM ho sakatI / ataH zreNIvibhAga dvArA vizva ke sabhI padArthoM kA jJAna isa darzana ke dvArA karAyA gayA hai| isameM vizeSatAoM ke AdhAra para padArthoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, ataH isakA nAma vaizeSika darzana hai / prasiddha hai ki kazyapa gotra ke RSi kaNAda ne umra tapa kiyA aura inhoMne ziloJcha bInakara apanA jIvana bitAyA isIlie ye kaNAda (kaNa = dAnA khAne vAle) kahalAye / athavA kaNa aNu ke siddhAntapravartaka hone se ye kaNAda kahe gye| inake zuddha antaHkaraNa meM isIlie padArthoM ke tattvajJAna kA udaya huA / kaNAda ne prameya ke vistAra ke sAtha apane sUtroM meM AtmA aura anAtmA padArthoM kA vivecana kiyA hai| parantu zAstrArtha kI vidhi aura pramANoM ke vistAra ke sAtha ina vastuoM ke vivecana kI AvazyakatA thI / isakI pUrti gautama ke 'nyAyadarzana' meM kI gayI hai| de0 'vaizeSika darzana' / kaNva - Rgveda ke prathama sAta maNDaloM ke sAta pramukha RSiyoM meM kaNva kA nAma AtA hai| AThaveM maNDala kI RcAoM kI racanA bhI kucha parivAra kI hI hai, jo pahale maNDala ke racayitA hai| Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya ( R0 1.36,8,10, 11,17,19,39,7,9, 47, 5, 112, 5, 117,8; 118, 7, 139,9; 5.41,4;8.5, 23, 25, 7-18, 8, 20, 49, 10, 50,10:10.71, 11:115.51505 atharva veda 4.37, 17.15,1;18.3,15 vAjasaneyI saM0 17.74; paJcaviMza brA0 8.2,2; 9.2,9; kau0 brA0 28.8 ) meM kaNva kA nAma bAra-bAra AtA hai / unake putra tathA vaMzajoM kA uddharaNa, vizeSa kara Rgveda ke AThaveM maNDala meM kaNvAH, kaNvasya sUnavaH, kANvAyanAH evaM kANva nAmoM se AyA hai / kaNva ke eka vaMzaja kA ekavacana meM akele vA paitRka padavI ke sAtha 'kRNva mArSada' (R0 1.48, 4, 8.34, 1) rUpa meM tathA

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kaNvAzrama-kaparda 151 'kaNva-zrAyasa' (taitti0 saM0 5.4,7,5; kAThaka saM0 21.8, maitrA0 saM0 3.3,9) ke rUpa meM tathA bahuvacana meM 'kaNvAH / sauzravasaH' ke rUpa meM uddharaNa hai| kaNvaparivAra kA atri- parivAra se sambandha pratIta hotA hai, kintu vizeSa mahattvapUrNa nahIM / atharvaveda ke eka pariccheda meM donoM parivAroM meM pratiyogitA parilakSita hai (a0 2.25) / mahAbhArata meM kaNva zakuntalA ke dharmapitA ke rUpa meM uddhRta haiM / kintu yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki ye vahI RSi haiM, jinakA ullekha vaidika saMhitAoM meM huA hai| kaNvAzrama-bijanaura jile ke antargata athavA matAntara se koTadvAra se cha: mIla dUra mAlinI nadI ke taTa para kaNvAzrama hai / duSyanta aura zakuntalA kA milana yahA~ huA thaa| kathAsArAmRta-marAThA bhaktoM kI paramparA meM aThArahavoM zatAbdI ke mahIpati nAmaka bhAgavata dharmAvalambI santa ne 'kathAsArAmata' kI racanA kii| isameM bhagavatkathAoM kA saMgraha hai| kadalIvrata-yaha vrata bhAdra zukla kI caturdazI ko kiyA jAtA hai| isameM kele ke vRkSa kI pUjA hotI hai, jisase saundarya tathA santati kI vRddhi hotI hai / gurjaroM meM yaha vrata kArtika, mAgha athavA vaizAkha mAsa kI pUrNimA ke dina samasta upacAroM tathA paurANika mantroM ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai / isa vrata kA udyApana usI tithi ko usI mAsa meM athavA anya kisI zubha mAsa meM kiyA jAnA caahie| yadi kele kA vRkSa aprApya ho to usakI svarNapratimA kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| de0 ahalyAkAmadhenu, 611 a| kanakadAsa-inakA udbhava kAla 16vIM zatI hai| ye madhvamatAvalambI vaiSNava evaM kannar3a bhajanoM ke racayitAoM meM mukhya haiN| kanakhala-haridvAra ko paMca puriyoM meM eka purii| nIladhArA tathA nahara vAlI gaMgA kI dhArA donoM yahA~ Akara mila jAtI hai / sabhI tIrthoM meM bhaTakane ke pazcAta yahA~ para snAna karane se eka khala kI mukti ho gayI thI ( aisA kauna khala hai jo yahA~ nahIM tara jAtA ), isalie muniyoM ne isakA nAmakaraNa "kanakhala" kiyaa| hari kI paur3I se kanakhala tIna mIla dakSiNa hai| yahA~ dakSa prajApati kA smAraka dakSe- zvara zivamandira pratiSThita hai|| kanaphaTA yogI-gorakhapanthI sAdha, jo apane donoM kAnoM ke madhya ke rikta sthAna meM bar3A chidra karAte haiM jisase ve usameM vRttAkAra kuMDala ( zIzA, kATha athavA sIMga kA banA huA) pahana sakeM / ve anekoM mAlAeM pahanate haiM aura unameM se kisI eka meM choTI cA~dI kI modI sarakAra jise 'siMgInAda' kahate haiN| mAlAoM meM eka zveta patthara kI guriyoM kI mAlA prAyaH rahatI hai, jisakA abhiprAya hai ki dhAraNa karane vAle ne hiMgulAja ( balUcistAna) sthita zaktipITha ke mandira kA darzana kiyA hai| ve loga zAkta evaM zaiva donoM ke mandiroM kA darzana karate haiN| unakA mantra hai 'shiv-gorkss'| ve gorakhanAtha kI pUjA karate haiM tathA unheM ati prAcIna mAnate haiN| yogamArga kA adhika AcaraNa bhI inameM nahIM pAyA jAtA, kyoMki Adhunika saMnyAsI sAdha jaise ye bhI sAdhAraNa ho gaye haiN| inake anekoM grantha haiN| 'haThayoga' tathA 'gorakSazataka' gorakhanAtha praNIta kahe jAte haiN| Adhunika granthoM meM 'haThayogapradIpikA', svAtmArAma racita 'gheraNDasaMhitA' tathA 'zivasaMhitA' haiN| prathama sabase prAcIna hai| pradIpikA tathA gheraNDa ke eka hI viSaya haiM, kintu zivasaMhitA kA eka bhAga hI haThayoga para hai, zeSa zAktayoga ke bhASya ke sadRza hai / de0 'gorakha paMtha' / kandapurANam-zava sampradAya kI tamila zAkhA ke sAhitya meM kandapurANa kA pramukha sthAna hai| yaha skandapurANa kA tamila anuvAda hai, jise dvAdaza zatAbdI meM 'kAJcI ayyara' nAmaka zaiva santa ne prastuta kiyaa| ye kAJjIvarama ke nivAsI the| kanyAkumArI-bhArata ke dakSiNAMcala ke antima chora para samudrataTavartI eka devIsthAna / 'choTe nArAyaNa' se kanyAkumArI bAvana mIla hai| yaha antarIpa bhUmi hai| eka ora baMgAla kA AkhAta, dUsarI ora pazcima sAgara tathA sammukha hiMda mahAsAgara hai / mahAbhArata (vanaparva 85.23) meM isakA ullekha hai : tatastIre samudrasya kanyAtIrthamupaspRzet / tattoyaM spRzya rAjendra sarvapApaiH pramucyate / / padmapurANa (38.23) meM isakA mAhAtmya diyA huA hai| svAmI vivekAnanda ne yahA~ eka samudraveSTita zilA para kucha samaya taka bhajana-dhyAna kiyA thaa| isa ghaTanA kI smRti meM ukta zilA para bhavya bhavana nirmita hai, jo dhyAna-cintana ke lie ramaNIka sthala bana gayA hai| kaparda-'kaparda' zabda sira ke kezoM ko coTI ke rUpa meM bA~dhane kI vaidika prathA kA bodhaka hai| isa prakAra eka

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152 kumArI ko cAra coTiyoM meM kezoM ko dAMpane vAlI 'catu kapardA' (0 ve 10.114, 3) kahA gayA hai tathA 'sinIbAlI' ko sundara coTI vAlI 'sukapardA' kahA gayA hai ( vAjasaneyI saM0 11.59) / puruSa bhI apane kezoM ko isa bhAMti rAjAte the, kyoMki 'rudra' (0 0 1.114,1, 5; vAja0 saM0 16.10,29, 43, 48, 59) tathA 'pUSA' ko aisA karate kahA gayA hai R00 6.53,2:9.67, 11) / vasiSThoM ko dAhinI ora jUdA vapine se pahacAnA jAtA thA evaM unheM 'dakSiNAasaparva' kahate the| kapardI kA pratilo zabda pulasti hai arthAt kezoM ko binA coTI kiye rakhanA / / kapardI (1) zaMkara kA eka upanAma, kyoMki unake mastaka para vizAla jaTAjUTa ba~dhA rahatA hai| (2) Rgveda aura ApastambadharmasUtra ke eka bhASyakAra bhI 'kapardI svAmI' nAma se prasiddha haiM / kapavika (vedAntAcArya) - svAmI rAmAnujakRta saMgraha ' ( pR0 154 ) meM prAcIna kAla ke chaH vedAntAcAryo kA ullekha milatA hai / ina AcAryoM ne rAmAnuja se pahale vedAnta zAstra ke pracAra ke lie granyanirmANa kiye the / AcArya rAmAnuja ke sammAnapUrNa ullekha se pratIta hotA hai ki ye loga savizeSa brahmavAdI the| kapardika unameM se eka the| dUsare pA~ca AcAryoM ke nAma haiM-bhAruci, TaDU, bodhAyana gRhadeva evaM draviDAcArya / kapardIzvara vinAyaka vrata - zrAvaNa zukla caturthI ko gaNeza - pUjana kA vidhAna hai| de0 tArka 78 84 avatarAja 160-168 / donoM granthoM meM vikramArkapura kA ullekha hai| aura kahate haiM ki mahArAja vikramAditya ne isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA thA / kapAlakuNDalA - isakA zAbdika artha hai 'kapAloM (khopar3iyoM) kA kuNDala dhAraNa karanevAlI (sAdhikA ) / ' kApAlika paMtha meM sAdhaka aura sAdhikAe donoM kapAloM ke kuNDala ( mAlA) dhAraNa karate the| AThavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM likhe gaye 'mAlatImAdhava' nATaka meM eka mukhya pAtra aporaghaNTa kApAlika saMnyAsI hai| vaha cAmuNDA devI ke mandira kA pujArI thA jisakA sambandha telugupradeza ke zrIzaila nAmaka zaiva mandira se thA / kapAlakuNDalA aghoraghaNTa kI ziSya bhI donoM yoga kI sAdhanA karate the| ve pUrNarUpeNa va vicAroM ke mAnane vAle the, 1 1 kapardI-kapila evaM narabali bhI dete the| saMnyAsinI kapAlakuNDalA muNDoM kI mAlA pahanatI tathA eka bhArI DaNDA lekara calatI thI, jisameM ghaNTiyoM kI rassI laTakatI thii| aghorapaSTa mAlatI ko pakar3akara usakI bali denA cAhatA thA, kintu vaha usase mukta ho gayI / kapAlamocana tIrtha - sahAranapura se Age jagAdhArI se caudaha mIla dUra eka tIrtha yahA~ kapAlamocana nAmaka sarovara hai, isameM snAna karane ke lie yAtrI dUra dUra se Ate haiM / yaha sthAna jaMgala meM sthita aura ramaNIka hai / kapAlI zabdArtha hai 'kapAla ( hAtha meM ) dhAraNa karane vAlA' athavA 'kapAla ( muNDa ) kI mAlA dhAraNa karane vAlA / ' yaha ziva kA paryAya hai / kintu 'caryApada' meM isakA eka dUsarA hI artha hai kapAlI kI vyutpatti usame isa prakAra batAyI gayI hai kama mahAsukhaM pAlayati iti kapAlI / arthAt jo 'ka' mahAsukha kA pAlana karatA hai vaha kapAlI hai| isa sAdhanA meM 'DombI' ( nAr3I ) ke sAdhaka ko kapAlI kahate haiN| 1 kapAlezvara ziva kA paryAya kApAlika eka sampradAya kI apekSA sAdhakoM kA paMtha kahalA sakatA hai, jo vicAroM meM vAmamArgI zAktoM kA samIpavartI hai| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke eka abhilekha meM kapAlezvara ( devatA / evaM unake saMnyAsiyoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| muNDamAlA dhAraNa kiye hue ziva hI kapAlezvara haiM / kapila sAMkhya darzana ke pravartaka mahAmuni kapila ke 'sAMkhyasUtra' jo samprati upalabdha hai, cha: adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiN| aura saMkhyA meM kula 524 haiM / inake pravacana ke bAre meM paJcazikhacArya ne likhA hai "nirmANacittamadhiSThAya bhagavAn paramadhirAsuraye jijJAsamAnAya tantraM provAca / " [ sRSTi ke Adi meM bhagavAn viSNu ne yogabala se 'nirmANa citta' ( racanAtmaka deha) kA AdhAra lekara svayaM usameM praveza karake, dayArdra hokara kapila rUpa se parama tatva kI jijJAsA karane vAle apane ziSya Asuri ko isa tantra ( sAMkhyasUtra ) kA pravacana kiyaa| ] paurANikoM ne caubIsa avatAroM meM inakI gaNanA kI hai / bhAgavata purANa meM inako viSNu kA paJcama avatAra batalAyA gayA hai| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra 'tattvasamAsa -

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kapilaupapurANa-kabIra tathA kabIrapaMtha 153 sUtra' nAmaka eka saMkSipta sUtra racanA ko kapila kA mUla upadeza mAnanA cAhie / inakI janmabhUmi gujarAta kA siddhapura aura tapaHsthala gaMgA-sAgarasaMgama tIrtha kahA jAtA hai / kapila-upapurANa-yaha untIsa prasiddha upapurANoM meM se kapilAdAna-zrAddhakarma ke sambandha meM gyArahaveM dina 'kapilA dhenu dAna' tathA vRSotsarga mRtaka ke nAma para kiyA jAtA hai| yaha dAna mahAbrAhmaNa ko diyA jAtA hai| kapiSThalakaThasaMhitA-yajarveda kI pA~ca zAkhAoM meM se kapiSThala-kaTha eka zAkhA hai| 'kapiSThalakaThasaMhitA' isI zAkhA kI hai| kapilavastu-aba taka yaha mAnya thA ki piparahavA se nau mIla uttara-pazcima nepAla rAjya meM tilaurA nAmaka sthAna hI gautama buddha ke pitA zuddhodana kI rAjadhAnI thaa| yahA~ vizAla bhagnAvazeSa haiN| yaha sthAna lambinI se pandraha mIla pazcima hai / kiMtu navIna khojoM se pramANita hotA hai ki bastI jilA, uttara pradeza kA piparahavA nAmaka sthAna hii| prAcIna kapilavastu hai| bauddha paramparA ( dIgdhanikAya ) ke anusAra yahA~ para prAcIna kAla meM kapila muni kA Azrama thaa| ayodhyA se niSkAsita ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjakumAroM ne yahA~ pahu~cakara zAka ( zAka ) vana ke bIca zAkya janapada kI sthApanA kii| sambhavataH kApila sAMkhya ke anIzvaravAdI darzana kA prabhAva zAkyoM ( vizeSa kara gautama buddha ) para isI paramparA se par3atA rahA hogaa| kapilASaSThIvrata-bhAdra kRSNa ko SaSThI ( amAnta gaNanA) athavA Azvina kRSNa kI SaSThI ( pUNimAnta gaNanA), bhaumavAra, vyatIpAta yoga, rohiNI nakSatrayukta dina meM isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1.578 / yadi uparyukta saMyogoM ke atirikta kahIM sUrya bhI hasta nakSatra se yukta ho to isa vrata kA puNya aura adhika hotA hai / isameM bhAskara kI pUjA tathA kapilA gau ke dAna kA vidhAna hai| kapilaparamparA ke anuyAyI saMnyAsI gaNa isa dina kapila muni kA janmotsava manAte haiN| isa parva meM rohiNI kA saMyoga anumAna para hI AdhArita hai| itane yogoM kA eka sAtha par3a jAnA durlabha bAta hai / sAdhAraNataH aisA yoga 60 varSoM meM kahIM ekAdha bAra par3atA hai| kabIra tathA kabIrapaMtha-dhArmika sudhArakoM meM kabIra kA nAma agragaNya hai| inakA calAyA huA sampradAya kabIrapaMtha kahalAtA hai / inakA janma 1500 I0 ke lagabhaga usa julAhA jAti meM huA jo kucha hI pIr3hI pahale hindU se musalamAna huI thI, kintu jisake bIca bahuta se hindU saMskAra jIvita the| ye vArANasI meM laharatArA ke pAsa rahate the / inakA pramukha dharmasthAna 'kabIracaurA' Aja taka prasiddha hai| yahA~ para eka maTha aura kabIradAsa kA mandira hai, jisameM unakA citra rakhA huA hai| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se sahasroM yAtrI yahA~ darzana karane Ate haiN| inake mUla siddhAnta brahmanirUpaNa, IsamuktAvalI, kabIraparicaya kI sAkhI, zabdAvalI. pada, sAkhiyA~, dohe, sukhanidhAna, gorakhanAtha kI goSThI, kabIrapajI, valakka kI ramainI, rAmAnanda kI goSThI, Ananda rAmasAgara, anAthamaGgala, akSarabheda kI ramainI, akSarakhaNDa kI ramainI, ariphanAmA kabIra kA, arjanAmA kabIra kA, AratI kabIrakRta, bhakti kA aGga, chappaya, caukAghara kI ramainI, muhammadI bAnI, nAma mAhAtmya, piyA pahicAnave ko aGga, jJAnagUdarI, jJAnasAgara, jJAnasvarodaya, kabIrASTaka, karamakhaNDa kI ramainI, pukAra, zabda analahaka, sAdhakoM ke aGga, satasaGga ko aGga, svAsaguJjAra, tIsA janma, kabIra kRta janmabodha, jJAnasambodhana, mukhahoma, nirbhayajJAna, satanAma yA satakabIra bAnI, jJAnastotra, hiNDorA, satakabIra, bandIchora, zabda vaMzAvalo, ugragItA, basanta, holI, rekhatA, jhUlanA, khasarA, hiNDolA, bArahamAsA, bA~carA, cautIsA, aliphanAmA, ramainI, bIjaka, Agama, rAmasAra, soraThA kabIrajI kRta, zabda pArakhA aura jJAnabatIsI, vivekasAgara, vicAramAlA, kAyApajI, rAmarakSA, aThapaharA, nirbhayajJAna, kabIra aura dharmadAsa kI goSThI Adi granthoM meM pAye jAte haiM / kabIradAsa ne svayaM grantha nahIM likhe, kevala mukha se bhAkhe haiM / inake bhajanoM tathA upadezoM ko inake ziSyoM ne lipibaddha kiyA / inhoMne eka hI vicAra ko saikar3oM prakAra se kahA hai aura sabameM eka hI bhAva pratidhvanita hotA hai / ye rAmanAma kI mahimA gAte the, eka hI Izvara ko mAnate the aura karmakANDa ke ghora virodhI the| avatAra, mUrti, rojA, Ida, masajida, mandira Adi ko nahIM mAnate the| ahiMsA, manuSya mAtra kI samatA tathA saMsAra kI asAratA 20

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154 kabIrapaMthI-karakacaturthI (karavAcautha) ko inhoMne bAra-bAra gAyA hai / ye upaniSadoM ke nirguNa kabIrapaMtha dhArmika sAdhanA aura vicAradhArA ke rUpa meM brahma ko mAnate the aura sApha kahate the ki vahI zuddha Izvara hai / apane sAmAjika tathA vyApaka dhArmika jIvana meM ve hai cAhe use rAma kaho yA allA / aisI dazA meM inakI pUrNa hindU hai / kabIrapaMthI virakta sAdhu bhI hote haiN| ve zikSAoM kA prabhAva ziSyoM dvArA parivartana se ulaTA nhiiN| hAra athavA mAlA (tulasI kASTha kI) pahanate haiM tathA jA sakatA thaa| thor3A sA ulaTa-pulaTa karane se kevala lalATa para viSNu kA cihna aMkita karate haiN| isa prakAra itanA phala ho sakatA hai ki rAmanAma adhika na hokara isa paMtha ke bhramaNazIla yA paryaTaka sAdhu uttara bhArata meM satyanAma adhika ho| yaha nizcita bAta hai ki ye rAmanAma sarvatra paryApta saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiN| ye apane sAmAnya, aura satyanAma donoM ko bhajanoM meM rakhate the| pratimApUjana sarala evaM pavitra jIvana ke lie prasiddha haiN| inhoMne nindanIya mAnA hai / avatAroM kA vicAra inhoMne kamalaSaSThI-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa zukla paMcamI se saptamI tyAjya batAyA hai / do-cAra sthAnoM para kucha aise zabda haiM, taka manAyA jAtA aura pratimAsa eka varSa paryanta calatA jinase avatAra mahimA vyakta hotI hai / hai / brahmA isake devatA haiM / paJcamI ke dina vrata ke niyama __ kabIra ke mukhya vicAra unake granthoM meM sUryavat camaka prArambha hote hai| SaSThI ko upavAsa karanA caahie| rahe haiM, kintu unase yaha nahIM jAna par3atA ki AvAgamana zarkarA se bhare suvarNakamala brahmA ko car3hAne caahie| siddhAnta para ve hindUmata ko mAnate the yA musalamAnI saptamI ke dina brahmA kI pratiSThA karate hue unheM khIra kA mata ko / anya bAtoM para koI vAstavika virodha kabIra bhoga lagAnA caahie| varSa ke bAraha mahInoM meM brahmAjI kI zikSAoM meM nahIM dIkha pdd'taa| kabIra sAhaba ke bahuta kI bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjA karanI caahie| de0 bhavise ziSya unake jIvana kAla meM hI ho gaye the| bhArata meM SyottarapurANa, 39 / aba bhI ATha-nau lAkha manuSya kabIrapaMthI haiN| inameM kamalasaptamI-yaha vrata caitra zukla saptamI ko prArambha hokara musalamAna thor3e hI hai aura hindU bahuta adhika / kabIra- eka varSa taka pratimAsa calatA hai| divAkara (sUrya) isake paMthI kaNThI pahanate haiM, bIjaka, ramainI Adi granthoM ke prati devatA haiN| de0 matsyapurANa, 78.1-11 / / pUjya bhAva rakhate haiM / guru ko sarvopari mAnate haiN| kamalA-dasa mahAvidyAoM meM se eka / dakSiNa aura vAma nirguNa-nirAkAravAdI kabIrapaMtha ke prabhAva se hI aneka donoM mArga vAle dasoM mahAvidyAoM kI upAsanA karate nirguNamArgI paMtha cala nikale / yathA-nAnakapaMtha paJjAba meM, haiN| kamalA inameM se eka hai / usake adhiSThAtA kA nAma dAdUpaMtha jayapura (rAjasthAna) meM, lAladAsI alavara meM, 'sadAziva viSNu' hai| 'zAktapramoda' meM ina dasoM mahAsatyanAmI nAranaula meM, bAbAlAlI sarahinda meM, sAdhapaMtha vidyAoM ke alaga-alaga tantra haiM, jinameM inakI kathAe~, dillI ke pAsa, zivanArAyaNI gAjIpura meM, garIbadAsI dhyAna evaM upAsanAvidhi varNita haiN|| rohataka meM, malUkadAsI kar3A (prayAga) meM, rAmasanehI / kamalAkara-bhAratIya jyotirvidoM meM AryabhaTa, varAhamihira, (rAjasthAna) meM / kabIrapaMtha ko milAkara ina gyArahoM meM brahmagupta, bhAskarAcArya, kamalAkara Adi prasiddha granthakAra samAna rUpa se akele nirguNa nirAkAra Izvara kI upAsanA hae haiM / ye sabhI phalita evaM gaNita jyotiSa ke AcArya kI jAtI hai / mUrtipUjA varjita hai, upAsanA aura pUjA kA mAne jAte haiM / bhAratIya gaNita jyotiSa ke vikAsa meM kAma kisI bhI jAti kA vyakti kara sakatA hai / guru kI kamalAkara bhaTTa kA sthAna ullekhanIya hai / / upAsanA para bar3A jora diyA jAtA hai / ina sabakA pUrA karakacaturthI (karavAcautha)-kevala mahilAoM ke lie isakA sAhitya hindI bhASA meM hai| rAmanAma, satyanAma athavA vidhAna hai| kArtika kRSNa caturthI ko isakA anuSThAna zabda kA japa aura yoga inakA vizeSa sAdhana hai / vyavahAra hotA hai| eka vaTavRkSa ke nIce ziva, pArvatI, gaNeza tathA meM bahuta se kabIrapaMthI bahudevavAda, karma, janmAntara aura skanda kI pratikRti banAkara SoDazopacAra ke sAtha pUjana tIrtha ityAdi bhI mAnate haiN| kiyA jAtA hai| dasa karaka (kalaza) dAna diye jAte haiN| kabIrapaMthI-kabIra sAhaba dvArA pracArita mata ko mAnane candrodaya ke pazcAt candramA ko arghya dene kA vidhAna hai| vAle bhakta / bhArata meM inakI paryApta saMkhyA hai| parantu de0 nirNayasindhu, 196; vratarAja 172 /

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karkAcArya-karmakANDa 155 karkAcArya-Apastamba gRhyasUtra ke bhASyakAra / inhoMne kAtyAyanasUtra evaM pAraskararacita gRhyasUtra para bhI bhASya likhA hai| karakASTamI-kArtika kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| rAtri ko gaurIpUjana kA vidhAna hai| isameM suvAsita jala se paripUrNa, mAlAoM se parivRta nau kalazoM kA dAna karanA cAhie / nau kanyAoM ko bhojana karAkara vratI ko bhojana karanA caahie| yaha vrata mahArASTra meM bahuta prasiddha hai| kartabhaja-hindU-muslimavAda se mizrita eka upAsanAmArgI samudAya / isakI zikSA evaM naitikatA sandehAtmaka hai| isa para islAma kA prabhAva bhI parilakSita hotA hai tathA isake anuyAyI apanA sambandha caitanya se jor3ate haiN| karma-vaizeSika darzana meM isakA sAdhAraNa artha kriyA, gati, athavA kAma hai / anya darzanoM meM yaha eka AdhyAtmika tattva hai, jisako AtmA saMsAra meM vahana karatA hai / manuSya ke mAnasa meM yaha saMskAra rUpa se kArya karatA rahatA hai / isakA prayoga kArya-kAraNa sambandha ke artha meM bhI hotA hai| isI se zubhAzubha karmaphala utpanna hotA hai| isI ke mAnA isake tIna prakAra hai-(1) prArabdha, (2) saJcita aura ra (3) kriymaann| prArabdha vaha hai jo vartamAna jIvana ko calA rahA hai aura jisakA phala bhoganA anivArya hai| saJcita vaha hai jo pahale se ekatrita jamA hai aura prAyazcitta se dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai, athavA jJAna se jisakA nirAkaraNa ho sakatA hai| kriyamANa vaha hai jo vartamAna meM kiyA jAtA hai, jisakA phala sAtha hI utpanna hotA jAtA hai aura jo bhaviSya kA nirdhAraNa karatA hai| bhakti sampradAyoM meM yaha vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAn kI dayA, anugraha athavA prasAda se saba taraha ke karmaphala samUla kabhI bhI naSTa ho sakate haiN| karmavAda-AvAgamana tathA karma kA siddhAnta sarvaprathama bhalI bhAMti brAhmaNa granthoM meM sthApita kiyA gayA hai / phira bhI upaniSadoM meM hI prathama bAra isakA sambandha naitika kArya- kAraNa ke siddhAnta ke rUpa meM prastuta haA hai / isa prakAra isa gurutama siddhAnta kI sRSTi AryoM kI hI dena hai / kintu kucha vidvAnoM kA vizvAsa hai ki Adima jAtiyA~ hI, jo yaha vizvAsa karatI thIM ki marane ke bAda unakA AtmA pazuzarIra meM nivAsa karatA hai, ukta siddhAnta ko calAne vAlI hai| yaha bAta aMzataH satya ho sakatI hai, kyoMki Arya loga dainika jIvana meM inake saMparka meM rahate the tathA dhIre-dhIre AyoM ne inase sambandha bhI Arambha kara diyA thaa| inase AryetaroM ne vaijJAnika kArya-kAraNa-siddhAnta 'karma' ko sahaja hI svIkAra kara apanI ora se sAmAnya logoM meM phailA diyaa| ___isa siddhAnta ke anusAra kAraNa aura kArya meM prakRta sambandha hai / kAraNa ke anusAra hI kArya hotA hai / jIvAtmA apane karma ke anusAra bAra-bAra janma grahaNa karatA evaM maratA hai| manuSya kA isa janma kA caritra usake dUsare janma kI avasthAoM kA nirNAyaka hotA hai / acche caritra kA satphala evaM bure kA daNDa milatA hai| de0 chAndogya upa0 5.10.7) / kAma ke artha meM 'karma' zabda eka adbhuta zakti hai jo sabhI karmoM ko dUsare janma ke phala yA karma ke rUpa meM parivartita kara kara detI hai / isa siddhAnta kA vikAsa hote hotaM nizcita huA ki manuSya kA mana, zarIra evaM caritra tathA usake anubhava usake AgAmI janma ke kAraNatattva hai| manuSya ne yaha bhI jAnA ki jIvana pichale karmoM kA phala hai tathA eka janma ke karma dUsare janma meM acche phala evaM daNDa kI yojanA karate haiM / isa prakAra janma evaM maraNa yA saMsAra kA Adi tathA anta nahIM hai| isI kAraNa AtmA ko Adi-anta rahita mAnA gayA hai| kintu karma kA artha bhAgyavAda nahIM hai| manuSya kevala atIta ke karmaphala se baddha hai| vartamAna meM use apane karmoM ke cunAva meM svAtaMtrya hai| isake dvArA vaha apane bhaviSya kA nirmANa karane vAlA hai / bhaktoM meM to yaha bhI vizvAsa hai ki bhagavatkRpA se atIta ke karma bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| karmakANDa-(1) sampUrNa vaidika dharma tIna kANDoM meM vibhakta hai-(1) jJAna kANDa, (2) upAsanA kANDa aura (3) karma kANDa / karmakANDa kA mUlataH sambandha mAnava ke sabhI prakAra ke karmoM se hai, jinameM dhArmika kriyAe~ bhI sammilita hai / sthUla rUpa se dhArmika kriyAoM ko hI 'karmakANDa' kahate haiM, jisase paurohitya kA ghanA sambandha hai| karmakANDa ke bhI do prakAra hai-(1) iSTa aura (2) pUrta / yajJa-yAgAdi, adRSTa aura apUrva ke Upara AdhArita karmoM ko iSTa kahate

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156 karmadhArA-karmamahimA (vizvavyApinI) haiM / loka-hitakArI dRSTa phala vAle karmoM ko pUrta kahate kahate hai| dUsarA mArga karmamArga hai| hindutva meM sabase haiM / isa prakAra karmakANDa ke antargata loka-paraloka-hita- prAcIna pavitra dhAraNA kartavyoM ke pAlana kI hai jisakA kArI sabhI karmoM kA samAveza hai| dharma zabda meM antarbhAva haA hai / kartavyoM meM sabase pramukha karmakANDa-(2) vedoM ke sabhI bhASyakAra isa bAta se sahamata prArambha meM 'yajJa' the, kintu varNa, Azrama, parivAra evaM haiM ki cAroM vedoM meM pradhAnataH tIna viSayoM; karmakANDa, jJAna- samAja-sanbandhita kartavya bhI isameM nihita the / gItA kA kANDa evaM upAsanAkANDa kA pratipAdana hai| karmakANDa karmasiddhAnta jise 'karmayoga' kahate haiM, yaha batalAtA hai arthAt yajJakarma vaha hai jisase yajamAna ko isa loka meM abhISTa ki vedoM meM batAye gaye karma kevala utanA hI phala isa loka phala kI prApti ho aura marane para yatheSTa sukha mile / yajurveda meM yA svarga meM dete haiM jitanA una karmoM ( yajJoM) ke lie ke prathama se untAlIsaveM adhyAya taka yajJoM kA hI varNana nizcita hai, kintu jo manuSya inheM binA icchA ke hai / antima adhyAya ( 40 vA~ ) isa veda kA upasaMhAra (niSkAma) karatA hai, use mokSa prApta hotA hai| yoga zabda hai, jo 'IzAvAsyopaniSad' kahalAtA hai| veda kA adhi- kA prayoga gItA meM aneka arthoM meM haA hai / isakA kauna kAMza karmakANDa aura upAsanA se paripUrNa hai, zeSa alpa sA artha 'karmayoga' hai, isakA nizcaya karanA kaThina hai| bhAga hI jJAnakANDa hai / karmakANDa kaniSTha adhikArI ke kintu sambhavataH yahA~ isakA artha nigraha hai, arthAt lie hai| upAsanA aura karma madhyama ke lie / karma, upA- Asaktirahita karma / sanA aura jJAna tInoM uttama ke lie haiN| pUrvamImAMsA karmamahimA (vizvavyApinI)-vizva karmapradhAna hai / karma kA zAstra karmakANDa kA pratipAdaka hai / isakA nAma 'pUrvamI saMskAra hI mAnava kI mUla zakti hai| isI ke anusAra bhAMsA' isa lie par3A ki karmakANDa manuSya kA prathama dharma manuSya ke bhAgya kA nirNaya hotA hai| karmabheda se hI hai, jJAnakANDa kA adhikAra usake uparAnta AtA hai / pUrva manuSya aneka yoniyoM-deva, manuSya, tiryak Adi-meM AcaraNIya karmakANDa se sambandhita hone ke kAraNa ise bhramaNa karatA hai / isI ke anusAra vaha loka-lokAntara meM pUrvamImAMsA kahate hai| jJAnakANDa-viSayaka mImAMsA kA jAtA hai| sattvaguNAtmaka karma puNya tathA tamoguNAtmaka dUsarA pakSa 'uttaramImAsA' athavA vedAnta kahalAtA hai / karma pApa mAnA gayA hai / sattvaguNa ke mArga para calanevAlA karmadhArA-himAlaya kA eka tIrthasthala / varAha bhagavAn manuSya apanA antaHkaraNa zuddha karake paramAnanda mokSa ko pAtAla se pRthvI kA uddhAra aura hiraNyAkSa kA vadha karane ke prApta karatA hai / tamoguNI aura pApakarma karanevAlA pazcAt yahA~ zilArUpa meM sthita ho gaye the / alakanandA mAnava ajJAna aura karmabandhana meM par3A rahatA hai| isalie kI dhArA meM yaha ucca zilA hai| yahA~ gaGgAjI ke taTa karma ke kSetra meM manuSya ko pUrNataH sAvadhAna rahanA caahie| para karmadhArA tathA kaI tIrtha hai / karmamahimA vistAra se, zAstra ke AdhAra para nIce dI kamanirNaya-madhcAcArya dvArA racita eka dArzanika grantha / jAtI hai : karmapradIpa-sAmaveda ke gobhila gRhyasUtra para kAtyAyana ne karma kI mahimA isa bAta se hI jAnI jA sakatI hai pariziSTa likhA hai, jise 'karmapradIpa' kahate haiM / yadyapi yaha ki vaha sampUrNa brahmANDa tathA carAcara vizva ko vyApta gobhilagRhyasUtra ke pUraka rUpa meM likhA gayA hai, to bhI kiye hue hai / pralaya ke uparAnta caturdaza lokoM meM navIna isakA Adara svatantra gRhyasUtra aura smRtizAstra kI taraha jIvanasRSTi samaSTi jIvoM ke pUrvakarma ke anusAra hotI hotA AyA hai| AzAditya zivarAma ne isa grantha kI hai / samasta devatAoM dvArA saMsAra kI niyamAnusAra rakSA TIkA kI hai| karmacakra kA hI pariNAma hai| isI ke AdhAra para devatAkarmamArga-dhArmika sAhitya meM mokSa ke tIna mArga jJAnamArga, gaNa apanI-apanI niyamita gatiyoM ko prApta karate haiN| karmamArga tathA bhaktimArga batalAye gaye haiN| upaniSadoM, niSkarSa yaha hai ki nikhila brahmANDa meM deva, graha-nakSatra sAMkhyadarzana, bauddha evaM jaina darzanoM ke vikasita rUpa meN| tathA carAcara sabhI karma ke kAraNa sthita aura gatimAn haiN| jisa mArga kA avalambana batAyA gayA hai, use jJAnamArga sAttvika karma ke tAratamya se jIva ko UvaM saptalokoM

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karmamahimA (vizvavyApinI) 157 tathA tAmasika karma ke tAratamya se adhaH sapta lokoM kI prApti hotI hai| Urdhvaloka meM Ananda tathA adholoka meM duHkha bhoga kA vidhAna hai / dharma se puNya aura adharma se pApa hotA hai / somarasa pAna karane vAlA yajJakarmI puNyAtmA hai| vaha indraloka meM jAkara devabhogya divya vastuoM ko prApta karane kA adhikArI hotA hai| __ isI prakAra adharma ke kramAnusAra adholoka meM nimna aura nimnatara yoniyoM kI prApti huA karatI hai / chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra puNya karma ke anuSThAna se brAhmaNa, kSatriya athavA vaizya Adi uttama yoniyoM kI prApti hotI hai tathA nimna yA pApa karma ke anuSThAna se kukkura, sUkara aura cANDAla Adi yoniyoM kI prApti hotI hai| svarNa curAnevAle, madirA sevana karanevAle, gurupatnIgAmI tathA brahmaghAtI evaM inake sAtha sambandha rakhanevAle sabhI adhogAmI hote haiN| yogadarzana ke anusAra karma hI sampUrNa avidyA aura asmitA rUpI klezoM kA mUla kAraNa hai| karmasaMskAra hI janma aura maraNa-rUpa cakra meM jIva ke pari- bhramaNa kA kAraNa hai| usake pApa-puNya kA phala bhI isI cakra meM bhogane ko mila jAtA hai / mahAbhArata ke anusAra karmasaMskAra pratyeka avasthA meM jIva ke sAtha rahatA hai| jIva pUrva janma meM jaisA karma karatA hai para janma meM vaisA hI phala bhogatA hai| apane prArabdha karma kA bhoga use mAtRgarbha se hI milanA Arambha ho jAtA hai| jIvana kI tIna avasthAoM-bAla, yuvA aura vRddha meM se jisa avasthA meM jaisA karma kiyA jAtA hai usI avasthA meM usakA phala bhI bhogane ko milatA hai| jisa zarIra ko dhAraNa kara jIva karma karatA hai usakA phala bhI usI kAyA se prApta hotA hai| isa taraha prArabdha karma sadA kartA kA anugAmI hotA hai| ___ yogadarzana ke anusAra karma ke mUla meM jAti, Ayu aura bhoga tInoM nihita rahate haiN| karma ke anusAra uccavarga yA nimnavarga meM jIva kA janma hotA hai| prArabdha karma Ayu kA bhI nirdhAraka hai| arthAt jisa zarIra meM jisa prAktana karma ke bhoga kA jitane dina taka vidhAna hogA vaha zarIra utane hI dina taka sthita raha sakatA hai| tadu- parAnta dUsare nabIna karma kI bhogasthiti dUsare zarIra meM hotI hai| karma ke bhoga pakSa kA bhI vahI vidhAna hai| saMsAra meM sukha aura duHkha bhI karma ke anusAra hI hote haiN| zarIra ke aMgoM kA nirmANa bhI pUrva karma ke anusAra hotA hai| zarIra ko racanA aura guNa kA tAratamya bhI prAktana karma kA pariNAma hai| usameM doSa aura guNa kA saMcAra dharmAdharma rUpI karma kA saMskAra hai| vedoM meM karma kI mahimA kA sabase adhika varNana hai / veda ke isa prakaraNa ko karmakANDa kahate haiN| vahA~ tIna prakAra ke karmoM kA vidhAna hai-nitya, naimittika aura kAmya / nitya karma karane se koI vizeSa phala to nahIM milatA para na karane se pApa avazya hotA hai / jaise trikAlasandhyA aura pA~ca mahAyajJAdi haiN| pUrva karma ke anusAra vartamAna samaya meM manuSya prakRti kI jisa kakSA para cala rahA hai usI para punaH bane rahane ke lie nitya karma atyAvazyaka hai| aisA na karane se manuSya apanI vartamAna kakSA se cyuta ho jAtA hai / jaise paJca mahAyajJa Atmonnati ke eka sAdhana haiM, inakI upayogitA paJca-sUnA doSa dUra karane ke lie hI hai| saMsAra meM jIne ke lie manuSya prakRtipravAha ko AghAta pahu~cAtA hai| use apane jIvanayApana ke lie nitya sahasroM prANiyoM kI hatyA karanI par3atI hai| manuSya ke zvAsa-prazvAsa taka se asaMkhya prANiyoM kI hatyA hotI hai| isa pApa ko dUra karane ke lie bhAratIya zAstroM meM paJca mahAyajJoM kI vyavasthA kI gayI hai / manu ke anusAra sAmAnya gRhastha se bhI kama se kama pA~ca sthaloM para jIvahatyA hotI hai-cUlhA, peSaNI ( cakkI ), upaskara ( saphAI ), kaNDanI ( Ukhala ) aura udakumbha (jalaghar3A) / ina pA~ca cIjoM kA upayoga jIvahiMsA kA kAraNa hotA hai| ina nityahiMsAjanita pApoM se mukti pAne ke lie manuSya ko paJcamahAyajJa rUpI nityakarma karanA Avazyaka hai| ___ yahI kAraNa hai ki nityakarma karane se puNya nahIM hotA, para na karane se pApa avazya hotA hai| varNAzrama dharma ke anusAra nirdhArita karma bhI isa vyavasthA ke antargata haiN| sabhI jAtiyoM kI karmavRttiyA~ unake nityakarma ke antargata AtI hai| jaba taka manuSya apane varNa aura Azrama dharma ke anusAra kArya na karegA taba taka apanI vartamAna jAti meM nahIM raha sakegA / vaha uccavarga ko to nahIM hI prApta kara sakegA; apitu vartamAna varga se bhI cyuta hokara adhogAmI ho jaaygaa| brAhmaNa kA svAdhyAya tathA vaizyoM ke gorakSA Adi unake nityakarma haiN| inake na karane se unheM

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158 karmamahimA (vizvavyApinI) yoga rahatA hai, para kAmya karma kisI vizeSa kAmanA kA pratiphalana hai| pApa hotA hai aura karane se ve apanI bhUmi para sthita rahate hue ucca pada ko prApta karate haiM / yahI bAta rAjA ke prajA- pAlana ke sambandha meM bhI hai| saMsAra kI arAjakatA ko dUra kara prajA ke bhaya ko dUra karanA hI rAjA kA kAma hai, aisA manusaMhitA se spaSTa hai / zukranItisAra ke anusAra dhArmika aura prajAraJjaka rAjA devAMza hotA hai, anyathA use rAkSasAMza samajhanA cAhie; aisA rAjA adharmI aura prajApIr3aka hotA hai; isase azAnti kA vistAra hotA hai aura sArI prajA bhI pApI ho jAtI hai| rAjA ke pApa se prajA bhI pApI hotI hai / isase prajA meM varNasaMkaratA AtI hai, jisase Rtuviparyaya, apagrahoM kA atyAcAra tathA prajA kA nAza Arambha hotA hai aura anta meM rAjya ho samUla naSTa ho jAtA hai| ataeva prajApAlana rAjA kA nityakarma hai| jina karmoM ke na karane se pApa nahIM hotA apitu karane se puNyaphala kI prApti hotI hai unako 'naimittika karma' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| udAharaNArtha, tIrthadarzanAdi / tIrthoM ke darzana na karane se pApa nahIM hotA para darzana karane se puNya phala kI prApti avazya hotI hai| jisa prakAra eka viSayI vyakti sAdhu-mahAtmA ke pAsa pahu~ca kara kucha samaya ke lie apane viSaya bhAva ko bhUla jAtA hai, usI prakAra tIrthoM meM jAkara vyakti kucha samaya ke lie apane sAMsArika moha se mukti pA jAtA hai| jina daivI zaktiyoM ke prabhAva se tIrthoM kI mahimA pratiSThita hotI hai unakI sImA meM Ane para manuSya kA mana pavitra ho jAtA hai| vaha apane viSama bhAva ko bhUlakara sadbhAvanA se yukta ho jAtA hai| yahI tIrthATana kA phala hai| isI prakAra pUjA, dAna, snAna, devasthAna darzana, sAdhu kA darzana Adi bhI naimittika karma hai| kisI vizeSa kAmanA se kiye gaye karma 'kAmya karma' kahe jAte haiM / inake mUla meM svArtha nihita rahatA hai| eka hI kArya bhAvabheda se naimittika karma ho sakatA hai aura kAmya karma bhI / udAharaNArtha kevala tIrthadarzana ke dhyeya se kiyA gayA tIrthATana naimittika karma hogaa| para yadi vaha kisI vizeSa kAmanA kI siddhi ke lie kiyA jAya to use kAmya karma kahA jAyagA / niSkarSa yaha hai ki naimittika karma ke mUla meM vyakti kI sAmAnya dharmabhAvanA kA kevala bhAvabheda se hI karma kI zakti meM antara A jAtA hai| isIlie bhAvanA ke tAratamya se karmoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA haiM-AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika / Atmonnati ke sAtha manuSya kI bhAvanA udAratApUrNa aura vicAramUlaka ho jAtI hai, isalie usake karmabhAva meM bhI parivartana ho jAtA hai| sAmAnyataH Adhibhautika karma vizvabhUtoM se sambaddha hai / jisameM bhUtoM ke dvArA manuSya kI sampUrNa manokAmanA phalavatI ho use adhibhUta karma kahate haiN| brAhmaNa bhojana aura sAdhu bhojana Adi isI ke antargata Ate haiM, ina kAryoM se vyakti ina logoM kI mAnasika zakti dvArA kucha AzIrvAda prApta karane kA prayAsa karatA hai| yahI manokAmanA jaba vyaktigata sukhakAmanA aura para-sukhakAmanA se milakara sArvabhaumika aura lokamaMgalakArI ho jAtI hai to use Adhibhautika karma kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai| daridroM ko bhojana denA, anAthAlaya sthApita karanA, cikitsAlaya kI sahAyatA karanA Adi isI prakAra ke kArya haiN| inase vyakti ko vizeSa puNyalAbha hotA hai| Adhidaivika karma daivika zaktiyoM ko anukUla karake phala prApta karane kA sAdhana hai| zAstrIya dRSTi se prabala karma durbala karma ko dabA dete haiM / yadi koI vyakti daivI zakti se prApta prabala saMskAra se apane pratikUla saMskAroM ko dabA de to yaha usakA Adhidaivika karma kahA jaaygaa| aisA karake vyakti apane purAne pApamaya saMskAroM kI pIr3A se mukti pA sakatA hai / Adhidaivika karma kA anuSThAna svArthasiddhi ke lie bhI hotA hai aura vizvamaGgala kI kAmanA se bhI hotA hai| yadi deza meM ativRSTi, anAvRSTi, durbhikSa yA mahAmArI Adi kA vistAra ho jAya to use samagra prANiyoM ke pApa kA pariNAma samajhanA caahie| inako dUra karane ke lie paropakArI vyakti dvArA kiye gaye devayajJa Adi deSI saMskAra Adhidaivika karma kahe jaayeNge| AdhyAtmika karma bauddhika hote haiM / isIlie svadeza tathA svadharma rakSArtha kiye gaye kArya yA jJAnavistAraka karmoM

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karmamahimA (vizvavyApinI) 159 ko AdhyAtmika karma kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| ahaMkAra ke dUra karanA aura samasta saMsAra kA kalyANa karanA unakA vikAsakrama meM prakRti ke nimnatara stara se lekara uccatara kartavya thaa| stara taka jAne ke vividha sopAna haiM / jIva apanI sAdhanA uparyukta trividha bhedoM ke sAtha karma ke do bheda anya ke bala se kramazaH nimna staroM se Urdhva staroM ko prApta prakAra se bhI kiye gaye haiN| ve haiM-sakAma karma aura karatA hai / vAsanA ke bhinna-bhinna stara haiM / udbhija aura niSkAma karma / sakAma karma vAsanAmUlaka hotA hai| jisa svedaja yoniyoM meM vAsanA ke prAkRtika aura AtmarakSA kAmanA yA vAsanA se karma kiyA jAtA hai usI ke anukUla tmaka rUpa milate haiN| manomaya koSa ke vikAsa ke abhAva phala kI prApti hotI hai| zAstroM meM ina karmoM kI vidhi meM unheM parasukha se svasukha ke sambandha kA jJAna nahIM hai / aura phala varNita haiM / sakAma karma se manuSya ko dhUmayAna aNDaja yoni meM isa ora thor3A vikAsa haA hai| apane gati aura niSkAma karma se devayAna gati milatI hai| baccoM para prema, dAmpatya prema, apatya prema Adi isa vAsanA zrImadbhagavadgItA meM ina do gatiyoM kA varNana hai| ina ke vistAra ke hI rUpa haiN| manuSyayoni meM isakA sarvA gatiyoM ko kramazaH kRSNagati aura zuklagati kahate hai| pahalI se punarjanma aura dUsarI se apunarAvRtti milatI hai / dhika vistAra hai / sAmAjika prANI hone ke kAraNa manuSya bhogakAmanA se kiye gaye karmI kA pariNAma janma-maraNa hotA samAja ke aGga-pratyaGga para dhyAna rakhatA hai / manuSya svArtha se paramArtha kI ora kramazaH bar3hatA rahatA hai| vyaSTikendra hai| isa prakAra sakAma karma ke dvArA punarjanma ke bandhana se mukti nahIM miltii| se samaSTi kI ora bar3ha nA usakA svabhAva hai| isIlie sakAma karmI vyakti aSTAdaza phala pradAyaka karmoM kA bAlyAvasthA ke vyaSTisukha se vaha kramazaH parivArasukha anuSThAna karate haiM / aise vyaktiyoM ko jarA-maraNa ke bandhana aura phira samAjasukha aura dezasukha kI ora unmukha hotA se mukti kabhI nahIM mila sktii| inameM Asakti kA hai| isa prakAra manuSya kA ahaMkAra kramazaH udAratA meM prAdhAnya hotA hai isalie puNya ke bala para ye svarga meM sukha pariNata ho jAtA hai| yahA~ taka ki vaha saMsAra ke sukha ke bhogakara puNya kSaya hone para punaH mRtyuloka meM A jAte lie bhI kaSTa sahane ko taiyAra ho jAtA hai| usa samaya haiM / aise sakAma karmI hIna loka ko bhI prApta ho sakate usakI vyaktigata sattA kA itanA adhika vistAra ho haiN| isalie sakAma karma kI anityatA tathA tucchatA ko jAtA hai ki usakI svArthabuddhi naSTa ho jAtI hai aura jAnate hae manuSya ko niSkAma karma aura vairAgya kA hI parArthabuddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai| aisA pavitrAtmA AdhyA anuSThAna karanA caahie| tmika pragati adhika karatA hai| vaha jJAna aura dharma kI sakAma karma se prApta svarga meM manuSya ke puNya kA kSaya unnati meM atyadhika yoga detA hai| aisA mahAtmA apanI hotA hai| isalie martyaloka ke mithyAtva ko jAnakara sattA kA vistAra karake 'vasudhaiva kuTumbakam' ke siddhAnta tattvajJAnI vyakti vairAgya kA Azraya grahaNa karatA hai / isa ko bhAva rUpa meM apanA letA hai| vaha vizvajIvana aura prakAra zruti ke anusAra jJAnI vyakti putra, dhana aura yaza vizvaprANa ho jAtA hai| usake sabhI karma jagatkalyANa ke kI sabhI bhautika icchAoM se virata ho pUrNa saMnyAsa hetu hote haiM, ataH vaha pUrNa sAdhutA ko prApta ho jAtA grahaNa karatA hai| niSkAma karmayoga se vaha pUrNataH vAsanAhai / AdhyAtmika karma hI usakI yogasAdhanA hai| zUnya ho jAtA hai aura antataH uttarAyaNa gati ko prApta bhAgavata ke anusAra sampUrNa carAcara prANiyoM meM brahma / hotA hai| kI sattA pratyakSa yA parokSa rUpa se vidyamAna hai| ataH ___ isake atirikta eka tIsarI sahaja gati hai jisake anuunakI avajJA karake paramezvara kI pUjA karanA garhaNIya sAra manuSya ko ihaloka meM hI mukti mila jAtI hai| hai / saba aneka hokara bhI eka haiN| ataH prANiyoM ke prati jJAnI puruSa paramAtmA kI sattA se vijJa hokara usI bairabhAva ko tyAgakara mitrabhAva se sarvavyApI paramAtmA kA virAT sattA meM apanI sattA ko vilIna kara dete haiM aura pUjana karanA cAhie / sarvabhUtoM meM paramAtmA kI sattA kI paritRpta, vItarAga tathA prazAnta ho videha lAbha karate haiN| anubhUti hI zreyaskara hai| hamAre prAcIna RSiyoM kA ataeva niSkAma karmayogI jJAnI hokara muktipada ko prApta jIvana aisA hI thaa| samaSTi jIva ke ajJAnAndhakAra ko karatA hai|

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160 karmamahimA (vizvavyApinI) tIna gaNoM ke bheda se karma ke bhI tIna bheda nirdhArita kiye gaye haiN| isIlie gItA meM bhI kRSNa ne guNoM ke kramAnusAra trividha yajJa, trividha karma aura vividha kartA kI vyavasthA kI hai| AsaktivihIna, rAgadveSarahita, varNAzrama ke anusAra kiyA gayA karma sAttvika; phalAsakti, ahaMkAra tathA AzA se anuSThita karma rAjasika tathA bhAvI Apatti kA dhyAna na karake mohavaza kiyA gayA karma tAmasika hotA hai| niSkAma karmayogI AsaktivihAna, dhairyavAn aura utsAhI hotA hai isalie vaha sAttvika karttA hai| viSayAsakta aura phalAsakta, lobhI tathA harSa-viSAda se yukta sakAma kartA rAjasika hotA hai / dUsaroM ke mAnApamAna kI cintA na karanevAlA, avivekI tathA avinayI, zaTha, AlasI aura dIrghasUtrI kartA tAmasika hotA hai| ___ manu ke anusAra zArIrika, mAnasika aura vAcanika sata-asat karmoM ke anusAra hI manuSya ko phala kI prApti hotI hai / inameM uttama, madhyama aura adhama gatiyA~ karma ke avAntara upakrama haiM / ina tInoM prakAra ke karmoM ke nimnAMkita dasa lakSaNa batAye gaye hai-paradhana haraNa kI icchA, mana meM aniSTa cintana tathA paraloka kA mithyAtva siddha kara zarIra ko hI AtmA mAnanA; ye tIna mAnasika azubha karma haiN| vANI meM kaTutA, anRta bhASaNa, kisI vyakti kI parokSanindA, asambaddha pralApa; ye cAra vAcika azubha karma haiN| isake atirikta na diye gaye dhana ko har3apa lenA, avaidha hiMsA tathA parastrIgamana; ye tIna zArIrika azubha karma haiN| mana se kiye gaye sukarma yA duSkarma kA phala mAnasika sukha-duHkha hotA hai, vANI ke karma kA phala vANI se milatA hai tathA zArIrika karmoM kA pariNAma zArIrika sukha-duHkha hotA hai| manuSya ko zArIrika azubha karma se sthAvara yoni, vANIgata azubha karma se pazu-pakSI kI yoni tathA mAnasika azubha karmoM se cANDAla yoni kI prApti hotI hai| __ manuSya dharma adhika aura adharma kama karane para svargaloka meM sukha pAtA hai| isake viparIta adharma kA Adhikya hone para nidhanoparAnta yamaloka meM yAtanA pAtA hai| pApa kA phala bhogane para niSpApa ho vaha punaH manuSyazarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| sattva, raja aura tama AtmA ke tAttvika guNa haiM / saMsAra ke pratyeka prANI meM ye guNa nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM upalabdha hote haiN| jisa prANo meM jisa guNa kA Adhikya hotA hai usameM usI ke lakSaNa adhika milate haiN| sattvaguNa jJAnamaya hai, tamoguNa ajJAnamaya tathA rajoguNa rAgadveSamaya hotA hai / sattvaguNa meM prati-prakAzarUpa zAnti hotI hai, rajoguNa meM AtmA kI aprItikara duHkhakAtaratA tathA viSayabhoga kI lAlasA ke lakSaNa vidyamAna hote haiN| tamoguNa mohayukta, viSayAtmaka, avicAra aura ajJAnakoTi meM AtA hai / isake atirikta ina guNoM ke uttama, madhyama aura adhama phala ke kucha anya lakSaNa bhI haiN| yathA sattvaguNI pravRtti ke manuSya meM vedAbhyAsa, tapa, jJAna, zauca, jitendriyatA, dharmAnuSThAna, paramAtma-cintana ke lakSaNa milate haiM: rajoguNI pravRtti ke vyakti meM sakAma kama meM ruci, adhairya, lokaviruddha tathA azAstrIya karmoM kA AcaraNa tathA atyadhika viSayabhoga ke lakSaNa milate haiM / tamoguNI vyakti lobhI, AlasI, adhIra, krUra, nAstika, AcArabhraSTa, yAcaka tathA pramAdI hotA hai| atIta, vartamAna aura AgamI ke kramAnusAra bhI sattvaguNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNa ke zAstroM meM lakSaNa batAye gaye haiN| jo kArya pahale kiyA gayA ho, aba bhI kiyA jA rahA ho para jise Age karane meM lajjA kA anubhava ho use tamoguNI karma kahate haiN| lokaprasiddhi ke lie jo karma kiye jAte haiM unake siddha na hone para manuSya ko duHkha hotA hai, inheM rajoguNI karma kahate haiN| jisa kArya ko karane kI manuSya meM sadA icchA banI rahe aura vaha santoSadAyaka ho tathA jise karane meM mamaSya ko kisI prakAra kI lajjA kI anubhUti na ho use sattvaguNI karma kahA jAtA hai / pravRtti ke vicAra se tamoguNa kAmamUlaka, rajoguNa arthamUlaka tathA sattvaguNa dharmamUlaka hotA hai| sattvagaNasampanna vyakti devatva ko, rajogaNI manuSyatva ko tathA tamoguNI tiryak yoniyoM ko prApta hote haiN| uparyukta tIna gatiyA~ bhI karma aura jJAna ke bheda se tIna-tIna prakAra kI haiM; jaise adhama sAttvika, madhyama sAttvika, uttama sAtvika; adhama rAjasika, madhyama rAjasika, uttama rAjasika; adhama tAmasika, madhyama tAmasika, uttama tAmasika Adi / manu ke anusAra indriyagata kAryoM meM atizaya Asakti tathA dharmabhAvanA ke abhAva meM manuSya ko adhogati prApta hotI hai| jisa viSaya kI ora indriyoM kA adhika jhukAva hotA hai usI meM uttarottara Asakti bar3hatI jAtI hai /

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karmamImAMsA - karmayoga isase manuSya kA vartamAna loka to bigar3atA hI hai paraloka meM bhI ati duHkha aura narakapIr3A kA anubhava karanA par3atA hai, nimna koTi kI yoniyoM meM punaH janma hotA hai| aura apAra yAtanA sahanI par3atI hai| jina bhAvanAoM se jo-jo karma kiye jAte haiM unhIM ke anusAra zarIra dhAraNa karake kaSTa bhoganA par3atA hai| saMkSepa meM pravRttimArgI kama ke yahI pariNAma haiN| nivRttimArgI karmoM ke vicAra se vedAdhyayana, tapa, jJAna, ahiMsA aura gurusevA Adi karma mokSa ke sAdhaka haiM / inameM AtmajJAna sarvazreSTha hai / yahI mukti kA sarvaprathama sAdhana hai Upara batAye gaye sabhI karma vedAdhyayana yA vedAbhyAsa ke antargata samAviSTa hai| vaidika karma mUlataH do taraha ke hai pravRttimUlaka aura nivRttimUlaka paralokasukhakAmanA se kRta karma pravRttimUlaka tathA jJAnArjana ke prayojana se kRta niSkAma karma nivRttimUlaka hai| pravRttimUlaka karma kA samyak anuSThAna manuSya ko devayoni meM praveza dilAtA hai aura nivRttimUlaka karma se nirvANa (mokSa) milatA hai| AtmajJAna sarvabhUtoM meM AtmA ko tathA AtmA meM sarvabhUtoM ko dekhatA hai, isase use brahmapada kI prApti hotI hai / yahI karmayajJa kI pUrNatA hai / karmamImAMsA -- pUrva mImAMsA' ko hI karmamImAMsA kahate haiN| isakA uddezya hai dharma ke viSaya meM nizcaya ko prApta karanA athavA sabhI dhArmika karttavyoM ko batAnA / kintu vAstava meM yajJakarmI kI vivecanA ne isameM itanA adhika mahattva prApta kiyA hai ki dUsare karma usakI oTa meM chipa jAte haiM / RcAoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM sabhI Avazyaka nirdeza hai. kintu ve niyamita nahIM hai isa kAraNa purohita ko yajJoM ke anuSThAna meM nAnA kaThinAiyA~ par3atI haiM / mImAMsA ne ina samasyAoM ke samAdhAna ke lie apane siddhAnta upa' sthita kiye tathA vaidika saMhitAoM ke samajhane meM nirdezaka kArya kiyA hai / vedoM meM batAye gaye yajJoM ke bahuta se phala kahe gaye haiM, kintu ve kArya ke sAtha hI turanta nahIM dekhe jA sakate / isalie yaha vizvAsa karanA Avazyaka hai ki yajJa se 'apUrva ' phala prApta hotA hai, jo adRzya hai aura jise kevala anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai aura jo samaya Ane para kahe gaye phala ko degA 1 21 161 pUrva mImAMsA adhyAtma mArga kI zikSA nahIM detI, phira bhI kisI-kisI sthAna para usameM AdhyAtmika vicAra A hI gaye haiN| Izvara kI sattA kA virodha yahA~ isa AdhAra para huA hai ki eka sarvajJa kI dhAraNA nahIM kI jA sktii| vizva kI prAmANika anubhavagata dhAraNA yahA~ upasthita huI hai| sRSTi kI anantatA ko vastuoM ke nAza evaM punaH utpatti ke vizvAsa kI bhUmikA meM samajhA gayA hai evaM karma ke siddhAnta para itanA jora diyA gayA hai ki AvAgamana se mukti pAnA kaThina hI jAna par3atA hai / yaha cintanapraNAlI vaidika yAjJikoM, purohitoM kI sahAyatA ke lie sthApita huii| Aja bhI yaha gRhasyoM ke dainandina jIvana meM nirdezaka kA kArya karatI hai| vedAnta, sAMkhya tathA yoga ke samAna yaha saMnyAsa kI zikSA nahIM detI aura na saMnyAsiyoM se isakA sambandha hI rahA hai / karmayoga - bhAratIya jIvana ke tIna mArga mAne gaye haiM - ( 1 ) karmamArga, (2) jJAnamArga aura bhaktimArga | inhIM tInoM ko kramazaH karmayoga, jJAnayoga aura bhaktiyoga bhI kahate haiM / vAstava meM ye samAnAntara nahIM, kintu samaveta mArga haiM | pUrNa jIvana ke lie tInoM kA samanvaya Avazyaka hai / karmamArga ke viruddha karmasaMnyAsiyoM kA sabase bar3A AkSepa yaha thA ki karma se bandhana hotA hai; ataH mokSa ke lie karmasaMnyAsa Avazyaka hai | bhagavadgItA meM yaha mata pratipAdita kiyA gayA ki jIvana meM karma kA tyAga asambhava hai| karma se kevala bandha kA vaMza tor3a denA cAhie jo karma jJAnapUrvaka bhaktibhAva se anAsakti ke sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| usase bandha nahIM hotaa| isameM tInoM mArgoM kA samuccaya aura samanvaya hai| isI ko gItA meM karmayoga kahA gayA hai / isakA pratipAdana nimnalikhita prakAra se kiyA gayA hai (gItA, 3.3 9 ) : loke'smin dvividhA niSThA purA proktA mayAnagha / jJAnayogena sAMkhyAnAM karmayogena yoginAm ||3|| na karmaNAmanArambhAnnaiSkarmyaM puruSo'znute / na ca saMnyasanAdeva siddhi samadhigacchati ||4|| na hi kazcitkSaNamapi jAtu tiSThatyakarmakRt / kAryate hyavazaH karma sarvaH prakRtijairguNaiH // 5 // karmendriyANi saMyamya ya Aste manasA smaran / indriyAryAnvimUDhAtmA mithyAcAraH sa ucyate ||6||

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162 karmavibhAga-karmasaMnyAsa yastvindriyANi manasA niyamyArabhate'rjuna / ho nahIM sakatI thii| vastuoM kI adalA-badalI binA karmendriyaiH karmayogamasaktaH sa viziSyate / / 7 / / sabako saba cIjeM mila nahIM sakatI thiiN| cAroM varNoM ko niyataM kuru karma tvaM karma jyAyo hyakarmaNaH / anna, dUdha, ghI, kapar3e-latte Adi sabhI vastue~ caahie| zarIrayAtrApi ca te na prasiddhayedakarmaNaH // 8 // ina vastuoM ko upajAnA, taiyAra karanA, phira jisakI yajJArthAtkarmaNo'nyatra loko'yaM karmabandhanaH / jise jarUrata ho usake pAsa pahuMcAnA; yaha sArA kAma tadartha karma kaunteya muktasaMgaH samAcara / / 9 / / prajA ke eka bar3e samudAya ko karanA hI caahie| isake [ he niSpApa arjuna ! isa saMsAra meM do prakAra kI lie vaizyoM kA varNa haa| kisAna, vyApArI, gvAle, niSThAe mere dvArA pahale kahI gayI haiM-jJAniyoM kI jJAna kArIgara, dUkAnadAra, banajAre ye sabhI vaizya hae / zikSaka yoga se aura yogiyoM (karmayogiyoM) kI (niSkAma) karma- ko, rakSaka ko, vaizya ko choTe-moTe kAmoM meM sahAyaka yoga se / manuSya kevala karma ke anArambha se ni karmatA ko / aura sevaka kI jarUrata thii| dhAvaka tathA harakAre kI, prApta nahIM hotA hai aura na kevala karmoM ke tyAga se siddhi haravAhe kI, pAlakI Dhone vAle kI, pazu carAne vAle kI, ko prApta karatA hai| kyoMki koI bhI puruSa kisI kAla lakar3I kATane vAle kI, pAnI bharane vAle kI, bAsana meM kSaNamAtra bhI vinA karma kiye nahIM rahatA hai| nizcaya- mAMjane vAle kI, kapar3e dhone vAle kI jarUrata thI / ye pUrvaka sabhI prakRti se utpanna guNoM dvArA vivaza hokara karma jarUrateM zUdroM ne pUrI kii| isa taraha janasamudAya kI karate haiM / jo karmendriyoM ko bAhara se rokakara bhItara se sArI AvazyakatAeM prajA meM pArasparika karmavibhAga se mana ke dvArA indriyoM ke viSayoM kA smaraNa karatA rahatA pUrI huii| yahI karmavibhAga aMgrejI ke bhramotpAdaka ulthe hai vaha vimuDhAtmA mithyAcArI kahA jAtA hai| kintu he se Aja 'zramavibhAga' bana gayA hai| prajA meM yaha karmaarjuna ! (isake viparIta) mana dvArA bhItara se indriyoM kA vibhAga tathA samAja meM yaha zramavibhAga sanAtana hai| "sve niyantraNa karake karmendriyoM se anAsakta hokara jo karmayoga sve karmaNyabhirataH saMsiddhi labhate naraH" gItA ne isI karmakA AcaraNa karatA hai vaha zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| tuma sArya se bacane kI zikSA dI hai| aisA karmavibhAga zAstravihita karma ko kro| kyoMki karma na karane kI hindU-daNDanIti athavA samAjazAstra meM hai| aisA adbhata apekSA karma karanA zreSTha hai / tumhAre karma na karane se tumhArI saMgaThana saMsAra meM dUsarA nahIM hai| zarIrayAtrA bhI saMbhava na hogii| (sabhI karmoM se bandha nahIM cAroM vargoM kA kamavibhAga mana Adi ke dharmazAstroM meM hotA) yajJArtha (lokahita) ke atirikta karma karane se loka isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : meM manuSya karmabandhana meM pha~satA hai| isalie he arjuna ! brAhmaNa-paThana-pAThana, yajana-yAjana, dAna-pratigraha; Asakti se mukta hokara yajJArtha (samaSTi ke kalyANa ke kSatriya-paThana, yajana, dAna; rakSaNa, pAlana, raMjana; lie karma kA samyak prakAra se AcaraNa kro|] vaizya-paThana, yajana, dAna; kRSi, gorakSA, vANijya; karmavibhAga-yaha varNavibhAga kA paryAya hai| mAnavasamUha zUdra-paThana, yajana (mantrarahita), dAna; anya varNoM ko kI jitanI AvazyakatAe~ haiM unake vicAra se vidhAtA ne sevA (shaaytaa)| satyayuga meM cAra bar3e vibhAga kiye| zikSA kI pahalI Ava- inhIM kamI se jIvana meM siddhi prApta hotI hai : zyakatA thii| isIlie sabase pahale-deva-dAnava-yajJAdi se yataH pravRttibhUtAnAM yena sarvamidaM tatam / bhI pahale-bar3e tejasvI, pratibhAzAlI, sarvadarzI brAhmaNoM svakarmaNA tamabhyarya siddhi vindati mAnavaH / / kI sRSTi kI / inhIM se sArI pRthvI ke logoM ne saba kucha (gItA 18. 46) siikhaa| rASTra kI rakSA, prajA kI rakSA, vyakti kI rakSA [jisa paramAtmA se sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kI utpatti huI dUsarI AvazyakatA thii| isa kAma meM kuzala, bAhubala ko hai aura jisake dvArA yaha sampUrNa vizva kA vitAna tanA viveka se kAma meM lAne vAle kSatriya hue| zikSA aura gayA hai, apane svAbhAvika karmI se usakI arcanA karake rakSA se bhI adhika Avazyaka vastu thI jIvikA / anna ke manuSya siddhi ko prApta karatA hai| ] binA prANI jI nahIM sakatA thaa| pazuoM ke binA khetI karmasaMnyAsa-svAmI zaGkarAcArya ne apane bhASyoM meM sthAna

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karmasAyaM-karaNagrantha sthAna para karmoM ke svarUpa se tyAga karane para jora diyA tyAgapUrNa Azrama the| inakI avahelanA svAbhAvika thI hii| hai| ve jijJAsa aura jJAnI donoM ke lie sarva karmasaMnyAsa isa prakAra gRhasthAzrama hI pradhAna Azrama rahA evaM eka kI AvazyakatA batalAte haiN| unake mata meM niSkAma karma Azrama meM rahakara bhI anya AzramoM ke niyama va karmoM kevala cittazuddhi kA hetu hai| paramapada kI prApti karma- kA (suvidhA ke anusAra) pAlana hotA rahA / saMnyAsapUrvaka zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana karake Atmatattva udhara bhinna vargoM ke lie jo bhinna-bhinna kArya kA bodha prApta hone para hI ho sakatI hai| nizcita kiye gaye the, isa niyama meM bhI zithilatA Ane __zrImadbhagavadgItA meM isase bhinna mata prakaTa kiyA lgii| brAhmaNa zastropajIvo hone lage / droNAcArya, gayA hai / isake anusAra kAmya karmoM kA tyAga tathA nitya kRpAcArya Adi isake udAharaNa hai| yayAti ke putra yadu aura naimittika karmoM kA anAsaktipUrvaka sampAdana hI karma- Adi ko rAjyAdhikAra nahIM milA to ve pazupAlanAdi saMnyAsa hai; yajJArtha athavA bhagavadarpaNa buddhi se karma karane se karane lage / samAja kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra brAhmaNa, bandha nahIM hotaa| gItA (3. 15-25) meM yajJArtha karma ke kSatriya bhI adhikAMza apane-apane kAma chor3akara vaizyavata sambandha meM nimnAMkita kathana hai : gArhasthya-dharma pAlana karane lage the| isa prakAra prAcIna karma brahmoddhavaM viddhi brahmAkSarasamudbhavam / kAla meM hI karmasArya prArambha ho gayA thaa| vartamAna tasmAtsarvagataM brahma nityaM yajJe pratiSThitam / / kAla meM to yaha sAGkarya apanI parAkASThA para pahu~cA huA evaM pravartitaM cakraM nAnuvartayatIha yaH / hai| aneka sAmAjika durvyavasthAoM kA yaha eka bahuta bar3A aghAyarindriyArAmo moghaM pArtha sa jIvati / / kAraNa hai| xxxx karmendriya--manuSya kI dasa indriyA~ aura gyArahavA~ sabakA tasmAdasaktaH satataM kArya karma samAcara / svAmI mana hotA hai / dasa indriyoM meM pA~ca jJAnendriya aura asakto hyAcarankarma paramApnoti pUruSaH / / pA~ca karmendriya hai| vAk, hasta, pAda, gudA aura upastha karmaNava hi saMsiddhimAsthitA janakAdayaH / ye pA~ca karmendriyA~ haiM jinakA zarIra ke hitArtha kAryAtmaka lokasaMgrahamevApi saMpazyankartumarhasi / / upayoga hotA hai| isI prakAra (4.31 meM) kahA hai : karmendriyoM kA saMyama dhArmika sAdhanA kA prathama caraNa yajJaziSTAmRtabhujo yAnti brahma sanAtanam / hai| kintu inakA saMyama bhI Antarika mana se honA nAyaM loko'styayajJasya kuto'nyaH kurusattama / / cAhie; bAharI haThapUrvaka nhiiN| jo bAhara se apanI gItA (6.1 meM) punaH kathana hai : indriyoM ko rokatA hai kintu bhItara se unake viSayoM kA anAzritaH karmaphalaM kArya karma karoti yaH / dhyAna karatA hai, vaha muDhAtmA aura mithyAcArI hai| gItA sa saMnyAsI ca yogI ca na niragnina cAkriyaH / / (3.6,7) meM kathana hai : karmasArya-apane svabhAvaja karma ko chor3akara lobha athavA karmendriyANi saMyamya ya Aste manasA smaran / bhayavaza dUsare ke karma ko jIvikArtha karanA kamasArya indriyArthAnvimuDhAtmA mithyAcAraH sa ucyate / / kahalAtA hai / prAcIna kAla meM pratyeka varNa evaM Azrama ke yastvindriyANi manasA niyamyArabhate'jana / alaga-alaga nirdhArita niyama evaM karma the| (de0 'varNa' karmendriyaiH karmayogamasanaH sa viziSyate / / aura 'Azrama'1) brahmacaryAzrama meM praveza kA adhikAra karNaprayAga-yaha tIrthasthala gar3havAla jile ke antargata hai| prathama tIna vargoM ko, gahasthAzrama meM sabhI vargoM ko, vAna- yahA~ bhAgIrathI aura alakanandA kA saMgama hai| prastha meM kevala prathama do ko thA evaM saMnyAsa meM praveza eka karNazravA (AGgirasa)-----paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (13.11,14) meM mAtra brAhmaNa kara sakatA thA / kAlAntara meM Azrama ke inheM sAma gAna kA RSi batAyA gayA hai| yahI bAta niyama DhIle pdd'e| brahmacaryAzrama ke katipaya saMskAroM ko dAvasu ke bAre meM bhI kahI gayI hai| na pUrA kara brAhmaNa bhI apane bAlakoM ko gRhasthAzrama meM karaNa grantha-vartamAna cAndra mAsa, tithi Adi paJcAGga kI praveza karA dete the| vAnaprastha aura saMnyAga to atyanta vidhi atyanta prAcIna hai aura naidika kAla se calI AyI

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64 hai / bIca-bIca meM kAlAnusAra bar3e-bar3e jyotiSiyoM ne karaNa - grantha likhakara aura saMskAra dvArA saMzodhana karake isakI kAlaviSamatA ko ThIka kara rakhA hai / karaNa granthoM ke dvArA jyotiSa meM barAbara saMzodhana hote cale Aye haiM / saMprati makarandIya grahalAghava jaise karaNa grantha adhika pracalita hai| karambha - jau ke sattU ko dahI meM milAkara banAyA gayA eka homadravya / yaha kRSi ke devatA pUSA kA priya yajJabhAga hai / dakSayajJadhvaMsa ke samaya vIrabhadra ne pUSA ke dA~ta tor3a diye the, taba se ve komala piSTa (karambha ) kI havi grahaNa karate haiM / karambha juAra Adi se bhI banAyA jAtA hai / karavindasvAmI - Apastamba zulvasUtra ke ye eka bhASyakAra hue haiN| karavIrapratipadAvata jyeSTha zukla pratipadA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / kisI devAlaya ke udyAna meM khar3e hue karavIra vRkSa kA pUjana karanA caahie| tamilanADu meM yaha vrata vaizAkha zukla pratipadA ke dina manAyA jAtA hai / kalaza -- dhArmika kRtyoM meM kalaza kI sthApanA eka mahattva - pUrNa kartavya hai / isameM varuNa kI pUjA hotI hai / vivAha, mUrtisthApanA, jayaprayANa, rAjyAbhiSeka Adi ke samaya eka kalaza athavA kaI kalazoM kI athavA adhika se adhika 108 kalazoM kI sthApanA kI jAtI hai / kalaza kI paridhi 15 aMgula se 50 aMgula taka U~cAI 16 aMgula taka talI 12 aMgula aura mu~ha 8 aMgula caur3A honA caahie| hemAdri, vratakhaNDa 1.608 meM isa zabda kI vyutpatti isa prakAra dI huI hai : kalAM kalAM gRhItvA ca devAnAM vizvakarmaNA / nirmito'yaM surairyasmAt kalavAstena ucyate || Rgveda evaM paravartI sAhitya meM 'pAtra' yA 'ghaTa' ke lie vyavahRta zabda 'kalaza' thA, jo kaccI yA pakkI miTTI kA banA hotA thaa| donoM prakAra ke pAtra vyavahAra meM Ate the| somarasa ke kASThanirmita droNakalaza kA ullekha prAyaH yajJoM meM huA hai| 1 kalasa -- isakI vyutpatti 'ka (jala) se lasa suzobhita hotA hai' (kena lasatIti) kI gayI hai| kAlikApurANa (puSyAbhiSeka, adhyAya 87 ) meM isakI utpatti aura dhArmika mAhAtmya kA varNana isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai " devatA aura asuroM dvArA amRta ke lie jaba sAgara kA manthana ho rahA thA to amRta (pIyUSa ) ke dhAraNArtha vizvakarmA ne kalasa kA nirmANa kiyaa| devatAoM kI pRthak-pRthak kalAoM ko eka karake yaha banA thA, isa lie kalasa kahalAyA / nava kalasa haiM, jinake nAma haiN| gohya, upago, marut, mayUkha, manohA, kRSibhadra, tanuzodhaka, indriyapna aura vijaya he rAjan, ina nAmoM ke kramaza: nau nAma aura hai unako suno, jo sadaiva zAnti dene vAle haiN| prathama kSitIndra, dvitIya jalasambhava tIsarA pavana, cauthA agni, pAMcavAM yajamAna chaThA kozasambhava, sAtavA~ soma, AThavA~ Aditya aura navA~ vijaya / kalasa ko paJcamukha bhI kahA gayA hai, vaha mahAdeva ke svarUpa ko dhAraNa karanevAlA hai| kalasa ke pAMca muloM meM paJcAnana mahAdeva svayaM nivAsa karate haiM, isalie samyak prakAra se vAmadeva Adi nAmoM se maNDala ke padmAsana meM paJcavaktraghaTa kA nyAsa karanA cAhie / kSitIndra ko pUrva meM, jalasambhava ko pazcima meM pavana ko vAyavya meM, agnisambhava ko agnikoNa meM, yajamAna ko naiRtya meM, kozasambhava ko IzAna meM soma ko uttara meM aura Aditya ko dakSiNa meM rakhanA caahie| kalasa ke mukha meM brahmA aura grIvA meM zaGkara sthita haiM / mUla meM viSNu aura madhya meM mAtRgaNa kA nivAsa hai| dikpAla devatA dasoM dizAoM se isakA madhya meM veSTana karate haiM aura udara meM saptasAgara tathA sapta dvIpa sthita haiM / nakSatra, graha, sabhI kulaparvata, gaGgA Adi nadiyA~, cAra veda, sabhI kalasa meM sthita hai| kalasa meM inakA cintana karanA cAhie ratna, sabhI bIja, puSpa, phala, vajra, mauktika, vaidUrya, mahApadma, indrasphaTika, bilva, nAgara, udumbara, bIjapUraka, jambIra, Amra, AmlAtaka, dADima, yava, zAli, nIvAra, godhUma, sita sarSapa, kuMkuma, aguru, karpUra, madana, rocana, candana, mAMsI, elA, kuSTha, karpUrapatra, caNDa, jala, niryAsaka, ambuja, zaileya, badara, jAtI, patrapuSya, kAlazAka, pRkkA, devI, parNaka, vaca, dhAtrI majjiSTha, turuka, maGgalASTaka, dUrvA, mohanikA, bhadrA, zatamUlI, zatAvarI, parNI meM zavala, kSudrA, sahadevI, gajAGkaza, pUrNakoSA, sitA, pAThA, gujjA, surasI, kAlasa, vyAmaka, gajadanta zatapuSpA, punarNavA, brAhmI, devI, sitA, rudrA aura sarvasandhAnikA, ina sabhI zubha vastuoM ko lAkara phalasa meM nidhApana karanA cAhie / kalasa ke devatA vidhi, zambhu, gadAdhara (viSNu) kA yathAkrama pUjana karanA caahie| vizeSa karake zambhu kA / prAsAdamaNa aura zambhutam se vAra kA prathama pUjana , karambha - kalasa 1

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kalA-kaliyuga 165 karanA caahie| isake pazcAt nAnAvidhi se dikpAloM kA pUjana karanA cAhie / pahale sthApita kalasoM meM navagrahoM kI aura mAtRghaToM meM mAtRkAoM kI pUjA karanI caahie| ghaTa meM sabhI devatAoM kI pRthak-pRthak pUjA hotI hai| mukhyatayA pUrvokta nava devatAoM kI / bhakSya, mAlya, peya, puSpa, phala, yAvaka, pAyasa Adi yathAsambhava AyojanoM se rAjA ko sabhI devatAoM kA pUjana karanA caahie| kalA-ziva kI zakti kA eka rUpa / ziva dvArA vizva kI kramika sRSTi athavA vikAsa kI prakriyA kA hI nAma kalA hai / sabhI kalAoM meM zakti kI abhivyakti hai| zaiva tantroM meM causaTha kalAoM kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / unakI sUcI nimnAMkita hai : 1. gIta 27. dhAtuvAda 2. vAdya 28. maNirAgajJAna 3. nRtya 29. AkarajJAna 4. nATya 30. vRkSAyurvedayoga 5. Alekhya 31. meSa-kukkuTa-lAvaka-yuddha 6. vizeSakacchedya 32. zukasArikApralApana 7. taNDulakusumabalivikAra 33. udakaghAta 8. puSpAstaraNa 34. citrAyoga 9. dazana-vasanAGgarAga 35. mAlyagrathanavikalpa 10. maNibhUmikA karma 36. zekharApIDayojana 11. zayanaracanA 37. nepathyAyoga 12. udakavAdyam 38. karNapatrabhaGga 13. pAnakarasarAgAsavayojana 39. gandhayukti 14. sucIvApakarma 40. bhUSaNayojana 15. sUtrakrIDA 41. aindrajAla 16. prahelikA 42. kaucumArayoga 17. pratimAlA 43. hastalAghava 18. durvacakayoga 44. citrazAka-pUpa-bhakSya19. pustakavAcana vikalpakriyA 20. nATikAkhyAyikAdarzana 45. kezamArjanakauzala 21. kAvyasamasyApUraNa 46. akSaramuSTikAkathana 22. paTTikA-vetra-bANa-vikalpa 47. mlecchita-kavikarma 23. tarka-karma 48. dezabhASAjJAna 24. takSaNa 49. puSpazakaTikAHnimitra-jJAna 25. vAstuvidyA 50. yantramAtRkA 26. rUyAntaraparIkSA 51. dhAraNamAtRkA 52. sampAThaya 59. AkarSakrIDA 53. mAnasIkAvya kriyA 60. bAlakakrIDana 54. kriyAvikalpa 61. vainAyikIvidyAjJAna 55. chalitakayoga 62. vaijayikIvidyAjJAna 56. abhidhAnakoSachandojJAna 63. vaitAlikIvidyAjJAna 57. vastragopana 64. utsAdana 58. dyUtavizeSa bhAgavata kI zrIdharI TIkA meM bhI ina kalAoM kI sUcI dI gayI hai| kalA kA eka artha jihvA bhI hai| haThayogapradIpikA (3.37 ) meM kathana hai : kalAM parAGmukhIM kRtvA tripathe pariyojayet / [jihvA ko ulaTI karake tIna nADiyoM ke mArga kapAlagahvara meM lagAnA cAhie / ] __ AkAra yA zakti kA mApa bhI kalA kahA jAtA hai, yathA candramA kI paMdrahavIM kalA, solaha kalA kA avatAra (SoDazakalo'yaM puruSaH / ) / rAzi ke tIsaveM aMza ke sAThaveM bhAga ko bhI kalA kahate haiN| kalAnidhitantra-eka mizrita tantra / mizrita tantroM meM devI kI upAsanA do lAbhoM ke lie batAyI gayI hai; pArthiva sukha tathA mokSa, jabaki zuddha tantra kevala mokSa ke lie mArga darzAte hai / 'kalAnidhitantra' meM kalAoM ke mAdhyama se tAntrika sAdhanA kA mArga batalAyA gayA hai| kali-yaha zabda Rgveda meM azvinoM dvArA rakSita kisI vyakti ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| atharvaveda meM kali ( bahuvacana ) kA prayoga gandhoM ke varNana ke sAtha huA hai| vivAda, kalaha; baher3e ke vRkSa aura kaliyuga ke svAmI asura kA nAma bhI kali hai| kaliyuga-vizva kI Ayu ke sambandha meM hindU siddhAnta tIna prakAra ke samayavibhAga upasthita karatA hai / ve haiMyuga, manvantara evaM klp| yuga cAra hai--kRta, tretA, dvApara evaM kali / ye prAcInokta svarNa, rUpA, pItala evaM lauha yuga ke samAnArthaka haiN| uparyukta nAma jue ke pAse ke pakSoM ke AdhAra para rakhe gaye haiN| kRta sabase bhAgyavAn mAnA jAtA hai jisake pakSoM para cAra bindu haiM, tretA para tIna, dvApara para do evaM kali para mAtra eka bindu hai / ye hI saba siddhAnta yugoM ke guNa evaM Ayu para bhI ghaTate haiM / kramazaH ina yugoM meM manuSya ke acche guNoM kA

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166 hrAsa hotA hai tathA yugoM kI Ayu bhI kramazaH 4800 varSa, 3600 varSa, 2400 varSa 1200 varSa hai / sabhI ke yoga ko eka mahAyuga kahate haiM jo 12000 varSa kA hai| kintu ye varSa daivI haiM aura eka daivI varSa 360 mAnavIya varSa ke tulya hotA hai, ataeva eka mahAyuga 43,20,000 varSa kA hotA hai| kali kA mAnavIya yugamAna 4.32,000 varSa hai| kali (tiSya) yuga meM kRta ( satyayuga ) ke ThIka vipa rIta guNa A jAte haiN| varNa evaM Azrama kA sAhU, veda evaM acche caritra kA hrAsa, sarvaprakAra ke pApoM kA udaya, manuSyoM meM nAnAvyAdhiyoM kI vyApti Ayu kA kramazaH kSINa evaM anizcita honA, varvaroM dvArA pRthvI para adhikAra, manuSyoM evaM jAtiyoM kA eka dUsare se saMgharSa Adi isake guNa haiM / isa yuga meM dharma ekapAda, adharma catuSpAda hotA hai, Ayu sau varSa kI yuga ke anta meM pApiyoM ke nAza ke lie bhagavAn kalki avatAra dhAraNa kareMge / yugoM kI isa kAlika kalpanA ke sAtha eka naitika kalpanA bhI hai, jo aitareya brAhmaNa tathA mahAbhArata meM pAvI jAtI hai : kaliH zayAno bhavati saMjihAnastu dvAparaH / uttiSThastretA bhavati kRtaH sampadyate caran // [ sonevAle ke lie kali, a~gar3AI lenevAle ke lie dvApara, uThanevAle ke lie netA aura calane vAle ke lie kRta ( satyayuga ) hotA hai / ] kalki purANa ( prathama adhyAya ) meM kaliyuga kI utpatti kA varNana nimnAMkita hai : " saMsAra ke banAnevAle lokapitAmaha brahmA ne pralaya ke anta meM ghora malina pApayukta eka vyakti ko apane pRSTha bhAga se prakaTa kiyaa| vaha adharma nAma se prasiddha huA, usake vaMzAnukIrtana, zravaNa aura smaraNa se manuSya saba pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / adharma kI sundara viDAlAkSI ( billI ke jaisI A~khavAlI ) bhAryA mithyA nAma kI thI / usakA paramakopana putra dambha nAmaka huaa| usane apanI bahina mAyA se lobha nAmaka putra aura aura nikRti nAmaka putrI ko utpanna kiyA, una donoM se krodha nAmaka putra utpanna huaa| usane apanI hiMsA nAmaka bahina se kali mahArAja ko utpanna kiyA / vaha dAhine hAtha se jilhvA aura vAma hasta se upastha ( zizna) pakar3e hue, aMjana ke samAna varNavAlA, kAkodara, karAla mukhavAlA aura bhayAnaka thA usase sar3I kaliyuga durgandha AtI thI aura vaha dyUta, madya, hiMsA, strI tathA suvarNa kA sevana karane vAlA thA / usane apanI durukti nAmaka bahina se bhaya nAmaka putra aura mRtyU nAmaka putrI utpanna kiye| una donoM kA putra niraya huaa| usane apanI yAtanA nAmaka bahina se sahasroM rUpoM vAlA lobha nAmaka putra utpanna kiyaa| isa prakAra kali ke vaMza meM asaMkhya dharmanindaka santAna utpanna hotI gayIM / " garuDapurANa ( yugadharma 117 a0 ) meM kalidharma kA varNana isa prakAra hai : "jisameM sadA amRta, tandrA, nidrA, hiMsA, vivAda, zoka, moha bhaya aura dainya bane rahate haiM, use kali kahA gayA hai usameM loga kAmI aura sadA kaTu bolanevAle hoNge| janapada dasyuoM se AkrAnta aura veda pAkhaNDa se dUSita hogA / rAjA loga prajA kA bhakSaNa kareMge / brAhmaNa ziznodaraparAyaNa hoNge| vidyArthI pratahIna aura apavitra hoMge / gRhasva bhikSA maaNgeNge| tapasvI grAma meM nivAsa karane vAle, dhana jor3ane vAle aura lobhI hoNge| kSINa zarIra vAle, adhika khAne vAle, zauryahIna, mAyAvI, duHsAhasI bhRtya ( naukara ) apane svAmI ko chor3a deNge| tApasa sampUrNa vratoM ko chor3a deMge / zUdra dAna grahaNa kareMge aura tapasvI veza se jIvikA calAyeMge, prajA udvigna, zobhAhIna aura pizAca sadRza hogI / vinA snAna kiye loga bhojana, agni, devatA tathA atithi kA pUjana kareMge / kali ke prApta hone para pitaroM ke lie piNDodaka Adi kriyA na hogI / sampUrNa prajA striyoM meM Asakta aura sUdraprAya hogI / striyAM bhI adhika santAnavAlI aura alpa bhAgyavAlI hoMgI / khule sira vAlI ( svacchanda) aura apane satpati kI AjJA kA ullaMghana karanevAlI hoNgii| pAkhaNDa se Ahata loga viSNu kI pUjA nahIM kareMge, kintu doSa se paripUrNa kAla meM eka guNa hogA -- kRSNa ke kIrtana mAtra se manuSya bandhanamukta ho parama gati ko prApta kreNge| jo phala kRtayuga meM dhyAna se, tretA meM yajJa se aura dvApara meM paricaryA se prApta hotA hai vaha kaliyuga meM hari kIrtana se sulabha hai / isalie hari nitva dhyeya aura pUjya haiN|" bhAgavata purANa (dvAdaza skandha, tIna adhyAya) meM kalidharma kA varNana nimnAMkita hai : 1 "kaliyuga meM dharma ke tapa zauca, dayA, satya ina nAra pA~voM meM kevala cauthA pA~ca (satya) zeSa rahegA / vaha bhI

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kaliyuga 167 adhArmikoM ke prayAsa se kSINa hotA huA anta meM naSTa ho jaayegaa| usameM prajA lobhI, durAcArI, nirdaya, vyartha vair| karanevAlI, durbhagA, bhUritarSa (atyanta tRSita) tathA zUdra- dAsapradhAna hogii| jisameM mAyA, anRta, tandrA, nidrA, hiMsA, viSAda, zoka, moha, bhaya, dainya adhika hogA vaha tAmasapradhAna kaliyuga kahalAyegA / usameM manuSya kSudrabhAgya, adhika khAnevAle, kAmI, vittahIna aura striyA~ svairiNI aura asatI hoMgI / janapada dasyuoM se pIr3ita, veda pAkhaNDoM se dUSita, rAjA prajAbhakSI, dvija ziznodaraparAyaNa, vidyArthI avrata aura apavitra, kuTumbI bhikSAjIvI, tapasvI grAmavAsI aura saMnyAsI arthalolupa hoMge / striyA~ hrasvakAyA, atibhojI bahuta santAnavAlI, nirlajja, sadA kaTu bolanevAlI, caurya, mAyA aura atisAhasa se paripUrNa hoNgii| kSudra, kirATa aura kUTakArI vyApAra kreNge| loga vinA ApadA ke bhI sAdhu puruSoM se nindita vyavasAya kreNge| bhRtya dravyarahita uttama svAmI ko bhI chor3a deNge| pati bhI vipatti meM par3e kulIna bhRtya ko tyAga deNge| loga dUdha na denevAlI gAya ko chor3a deMge / kali meM manuSya mAtA-pitA, bhAI, mitra, jAti ko chor3akara kevala strI se prema kareMge, sAle ke sAtha saMvAda meM Ananda leMge, dIna aura straiNa hoMge / zUdra dAna leMge aura tapasvI veza se jIvikA claayeNge| adhArmika loga ucca Asana para baiThakara dharma kA upadeza kreNge| kali meM prajA nitya udvigna manavAlI, durbhikSa aura kara se pIr3ita, annarahita bhUtala meM anAvRSTi ke bhaya se Atura; vastra, anna, pAna, zayana, vyavasAya, snAna, bhUSaNa se hIna; pizAca ke sadaza dikhAI par3anevAlI hogii| loga kali meM AdhI kaur3I ke lie bhI vigraha karake mitroM ko chor3a deMge, priyoM kA tyAga kareMge aura apane prANoM kA bhI hanana kreNge| manuSya apane se bar3oM aura mAtA-pitA, putra aura kulIna bhAryA kI rakSA nahIM kreNge| loga kSudra aura ziznodara parAyaNa hoNge| pAkhaNDa se chinna-bhinna buddhi vAle loga jagat ke parama guru, jinake caraNoM para tInoM loka ke svAmI Anata haiM, una bhagavAn acyuta kI pUjA prAyaH nahIM kreNge|" ___ "dvija (brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya) vrAtya (sAvitrI- patita) aura rAjA loga zUdraprAya hoMge / sindhu ke taTa, candrabhAgA (cinAva) kI ghATI, kAJcI aura kazmIramaNDala meM zUdra, vrAtya, mleccha tathA brahmavarcasa se rahita loga zAsana kreNge| ye sabhI rAjA samasAmayika aura mlecchaprAya hoNge| ye sabhI adhArmika aura asatyaparAyaNa hoMge / ye bahuta kama dAna denevAle aura tIvra krodha vAle, strI, bAlaka, gau, brAhmaNa ko mAranevAle aura dUsare kI strI tathA dhana kA apaharaNa kareMge / ye udita hote ho asta tathA alpa zakti aura alpAyu hoMge / asaMskRta, kriyAhIna, rajastamoguNa se ghire, rAjA rUpI ye mleccha prajA ko khA jAyeMge / inake adhIna janapada bhI inhIM ke samAna AcAra vAle hoMge aura ve rAjAoM dvArA tathA svayaM paraspara pIDita hokara kSaya ko prApta hoNge|" "isake pazcAt pratidina dharma, satya zauca, kSamA, dayA, Ayu, bala aura smRti kalikAla ke dvArA kSINa hoNge| kali meM manuSya dhana ke kAraNa hI janma se guNI mAnA jaayegaa| dharma-nyAya-vyavasthA meM bala hI kAraNa hogaa| dAmpatya sambandha meM kevala abhiruci hetu hogI aura vyavahAra meM mAyA / strItva aura puMstva meM rati aura vipratva meM sUtra kAraNa hogaa| Azrama kevala cihna se jAne jAyeMge aura ve paraspara Apatti karanevAle hoNge| avRtti meM nyAyadaurbalya aura pANDitya meM vacana kI capalatA hogI / asAdhatva meM daridratA aura sAdhutva meM dambha pradhAna hogA / vivAha meM kevala svIkRti aura alaMkAra meM kevala snAna zeSa rahegA / dUra ghUmanA hI tIrtha aura keza dhAraNa karanA hI saundarya samajhA jaayegaa| svArtha meM kevala udara bharanA, dakSatA meM kuTumba pAlana, yaza meM arthasaMgraha hogA / isa prakAra duSTa prajA dvArA pRthvI ke AkrAnta hone para brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra meM jo balI hogA vahI rAjA bnegaa| lobhI, nighRNa, DAkU, adharmI rAjAoM dvArA dhana aura strI se rahita hokara prajA pahAr3oM aura jaMgaloM meM calI jaayegii| durbhikSa aura kara se pIr3ita, zAka, mUla, AmiSa, kSaudra, phala, puSpa bhojana karanevAlI prajA vRSTi ke abhAva meM naSTa ho jAyegI / bAta, tapa, prAvRTa, hima, kSudhA, pyAsa, vyAdhi, cintA Adi se prajA santapta hogii| kali meM paramAyu tIsa bIsa varSa hogI / kali ke doSa se manuSyoM kA zarIra kSINa hogaa| manuSyoM kA varNAzrama aura vedapatha naSTa hogaa| dharma meM pAkhaNDa kI pracaratA hogI aura rAjAoM meM dasyaoM kI, vargoM meM zUdroM kI, gauoM meM bakariyoM kI, AzramoM meM gArhasthya kI, bandhuoM meM yauna sambandha kI, oSadhiyoM meM anupAya kI, vRkSoM meM zamI kI, meghoM meM vidyuta kI, gharoM

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168 kalisaMtaraNopaniSad-kalpasUtratantra meM zUnyatA kI pradhAnatA hogii| isa prakAra kharadharmI manuSyoM kalpapAdapadAna-kalpavRkSa kI suvarNapratimA kA dAna / ke bIca gataprAya kaliyuga meM dharma kI rakSA karane ke lie isakI gaNanA mahAdAnoM meM hai| apane sattva se bhagavAn avatAra leNge|" vaMgadezIya vallAlasena viracita dAnasAgara ke mahAdAna dAnAvarta meM isakA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| kalisaMtaraNopaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad / isameM kali kalpavRkSa-yaha vaha vRkSa hai jo manuSya kI sabhI kAmanAoM se uddhAra pAne kA darzana pratipAdita hai, jo kevala bhaga kI pUrti karatA hai / isako kalpataru bhI kahate haiM / vAn ke nAmoM kA japa hI hai / japa kA mukhya mantra : jaina vizvAsoM ke anusAra vizva kI prathama sRSTi meM - hare rAma hare rAma rAma rAma hare hare / manuSya yugma (jor3e) meM utpanna hue tathA eka jor3e ne do __ hare kRSNa hare kRSNa kRSNa kRSNa hare hare / / jor3oM ko janma diyA, jo Apasa meM vivAha kara dviguNita yahI mAnA gayA hai| hote gaye / jIvikA ke lie ye koI vyavasAya nahIM karate kalpa-vizva kI Ayu ke sambandha meM yuga ke sAtha samaya ke the| dasa prakAra ke kalpataru the jo ina manuSyoM kI sabhI do aura bRhat mApoM kA varNana AtA hai / ve haiM manvantara icchAoM ko pUrA karate the / evaM kalpa / yuga cAra haiM-kRta, tretA, dvApara evaM kali / kalpataru eka mAGgalika pratIka bhI hai| ina cAra yugoM kA eka mahAyuga hotA hai / 1000 mahA- kalpavRkSavrata-sATha saMvatsara vratoM meM se eka / de0 matsya yuga milakara eka kalpa banAte haiN| isa prakAra kalpa eka purANa, 101; kRtyakalpataru, vratakANDa, 446 / vizva kI racanA se usake nAza taka kI Ayu kA kalpasUtra-chaH vedAGgoM-zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, nAma hai| chanda aura jyotiSa meM kalpa dUsarA aGga hai / jina sUtroM meM kalpa kalpa kA artha kalpasUtra bhI hai| kalpa chaH vedAGgoM meM saMgRhIta haiM unako kalpasUtra kahate haiN| inake tIna vibhAga se eka hai / kauna-sA yajJa kisalie, kisa vidhi-vidhAna se haiM-zrautasUtra, gRhyasUtra aura dharmasUtra (zulbasUtra bhii)| prathama karanA cAhie yaha kalpasUtroM ke anuzIlana se jJAta ho do meM zrauta aura gRhya yajJoM kI vistRta vyAkhyA kI gayI sakatA hai| hai| inakA mukhya viSaya hai dhArmika karmakANDa kA pratikalki-bhagavAn viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM se antima ava pAdana, yajJoM kA vidhAna aura saMskAroM kI vyAkhyA / zrautatAra, jo kaliyuga ke anta meM hogaa| kalki-upapurANa yajJa do prakAra ke haiM-somasaMsthA aura haviHsaMsthA / (adhyAya 2, kalkijanmopanayana) meM isakA vistRta varNana gRhyayajJa ko pAkasaMsthA kahA gayA hai| ina tInoM prakAra pAyA jAtA hai / de0 'avatAra' / ke yajJoM ke sAta-sAta upaprakAra haiN| somasaMsthA ke prakAra haiM-agniSToma, atyagniSToma, ukthya, SoDazI, vAjapeya, kalkidvAdazI-bhAdrapada mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dvaadshii| atirAtra aura AptoryAma / haviHsaMsthA ke prakAra hai-agnyAkalki isake devatA haiN| vArAha purANa (48.1.24) meM dheya, agnihotra, darza, paurNamAsa, AgrayaNa, cAturmAsya aura isakA vistRta varNana hai| pazubandha / pAkasaMsthA ke prakAra hai-sAyaMhotra, prAtarhotra, kalpataru-eka advaitavedAntIya upaTIkA grantha, jisakA pUrNa sthAlIpAka, navayajJa, vaizvadeva, pitRyajJa aura aSTakA / saba nAma 'vedAntakalpataru' hai| isake racayitA svAmI amalA milAkara kalpasUtroM meM 42 karmoM kA patipAdana hai : 14 nanda kA AvirbhAva dakSiNa bhArata meM huA thA / yaha grantha zrautayajJa, 7 gRhyayajJa, 5 mahAyajJa aura 16 saMskArayajJa / saMvat 1354 vi0 se pUrva likhA jA cukA thA / isa grantha paribhASAsUtra meM inakA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / vedameM zAMkarabhASya para likhita vAcaspati mizra kI 'bhAmatI' saMhitAoM ke samAna kalpasUtroM kI saMkhyA bhI 1130 TIkA kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| honI cAhie thI kintu inameM se adhikAMza lupta ho gaye; isI prakAra ke upanAma vAlA dUsarA grantha 'kRtyakalpa- saMprati kevala 40 kalpasUtra hI upalabdha haiN| de0 'sUtra' / tara' dharmazAstra para milatA hai| isake racayitA bArahavIM kalpasUtratantra-eka tantra grantha / AgamatattvavilAsa meM zatI meM utpanna lakSmIdhara the jo gahaDavAra rAjA govinda- ullikhita tantroM kI tAlikA meM isa tantra kA nAma candra ke sAndhivigrahika (mantriyoM meM se eka) the| AyA hai|

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kalpAdi-kavitAvalI 169 kalpAdi-matsyapurANa meM aisI sAta tithiyoM kA ullekha kA adhika pracAra thA, isIlie isako 'kAtantra' (kutsita hai jinase kalpa kA prArambha hotA hai / udAharaNataH vaizAkha grantha) IrSyAvaza kahA gayA hai, athavA kArtikeya ke vAhana zukla 3, phAlguna kRSNa 3, caitra zukla 5, caitra kRSNa 5 kalApI (mora pakSI) ne isako prakaTa kiyA thA isase bhI (athavA AmAvasyA), mAgha zukla 13, kArtika zukla 7 isakA 'kAtantra' nAma cala pdd'aa| aura mArgazIrSa zukla 9 / de0 hemAdri, kAlakhaNDa 670. kalApI-pANini ke sUtroM meM jina vaiyAkaraNoM kA ullekha 1; nirNayasindha, 82; smatikaustubha, 5-6 / ye zrAddhatithiyA~ kiyA gayA hai, unameM kalApI (4.3.104) bhI eka haiM / haiN| hemAdri ke nAgara khaNDa meM 30 tithiyA~ aisI batalAyI kallinAtha-gAndharva veda (saMgIta) ke cAra AcArya prasiddha gayI haiM jaise ki ve saba kalpAdi hoN| matsyapurANa haiM: somezvara, bharata, hanumAna aura kallinAtha / inameM se (adhyAya 290.7-11) meM 30 kalpoM kA ullekha hai, kaiyoM ke zAstrIya grantha milate haiN| kintu ve nAgara khaNDa meM ullikhita kalpoM se bhinna prakAra kavaca-devapUjA ke pramukha paMcAga stotroM meM prathama aMga (anya cAra aMga argalA, kIlaka, sahasranAma Adi haiN)| kalpAnupadasUtra-RcAoM ko sAma meM pariNata karane kI smArtoM ke gRhoM meM devI kI dakSiNamArgI pUjA kI sabase vidhi ke sambandha meM sAmaveda ke bahuta se sUtra grantha haiM / mahatvapUrNa stuti caNDIpATha hai jise durgAsaptazatI bhI 'kalpAnupadasUtra' bhI inameM se eka sAmavedIya sUtra hai| kahate haiN| isake pUrva evaM pIche dUsare pavitra stotroM kA kalyANasaptamI-kisI bhI ravivAra ko par3ane vAlI saptamI pATha hotA hai| ye kavaca kIlaka evaM argalAstotra haiM, ke dina yaha vrata kiyA jA sakatA hai / usa tithi kA nAma jo mArkaNDeya evaM varAha purANa se liye gaye haiM / kavaca meM kalyANinI athavA vijayA hogA / eka varSa paryanta isakA kula 50 padya haiM tathA kIlaka meM 14 / isameM zastrarakSaka anuSThAna honA caahie| isameM sUrya ke pUjana kA vidhAna lohakavaca ke tulya hI zarIra ke aMgoM kI rakSAtmaka prArthanA hai / 13 veM mAsa meM 13 gAyoM kA dAna yA saMmAna karanA kI gayI hai| caahie| de0 matsyapurANa, 74.520; kRtyakalpataru, kisI dhAtu kI choTI DibiyA ko bhI kavaca kahate haiM, vratakANDa, 208-211 / jisameM bhUrjapatra para likhA huA koI tAntrika yantra yA kalyANazrI (bhASyakAra)-AzvalAyana zrautasUtra ke 11 mantra banda rahatA hai / pRthak-pRthak devatA tathA uddezya ke vyAkhyAgranthoM kA patA lagA hai| inake racayitAoM meM se pRthak-pRthak kavaca hote haiM / isako gale athavA bA~ha meM kalyANazrI bhI eka hai| rakSArtha bA~dhate haiM / malamAsatattva meM kahA hai : kallaTa-kazmIra ke prasiddha dArzanika lekhaka / inakA jIvana- yathA zastraprahArANAM kavacaM prativAraNam / kAla navIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hai| 'kAzmIra zaiva tathA daivopaghAtAnAM zAntirbhavati vAraNam // sAhityamAlA' meM prasiddha 'spandakArikA' grantha kI racanA [ jaise zastra ke prahAra se carma athavA dhAtu kA banA kallaTa dvArA huI thii| isameM spandavAda (eka zaivasiddhAnta) huA kavaca (DhAla) rakSA karatA hai, usI prakAra daivI kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / AghAta se (yAntrika zAnti) kavaca rakSA karatA hai / ] kalhaNa-kalhaNa paNDita kazmIra ke rAjamantriyoM meM se the| kavi karNapUra-vaMgadezIya bhakta kavi / san 1570 ke AsainhoMne 'rAjataraGgiNI' nAmaka aitihAsika grantha kI pAsa baGgAla meM dhArmika sAhitya ke sarjana kI ora racanA kI hai, jisameM kazmIra ke rAjavaMzoM kA itihAsa vidvAnoM kI adhika ruci thI / isI samaya caitanya mahAprabhu saMskRta zlokoM meM varNita hai / kazmIra ke prAcIna itihAsa ke jIvana para lagabhaga pAMca viziSTa grantha likhe gaye; para isase acchA prakAza par3atA hai / / do saMskRta tathA zeSa ba~galA meN| inameM pahalA hai saMskRta kalApa vyAkaraNa-prAcIna vyAkaraNa grantha / isakA pracAra nATaka 'caitanyacandrodaya' jisakI racanA kavi karNapUra ne baGgAla kI ora hai, isako 'kAtantra vyAkaraNa' bhI kahate kI thii| isameM caitanya mahAprabhu ke upadezoM kA kAvyamaya haiM / kalApa vyAkaraNa ke AdhAra para aneka vyAkaraNa grantha vivecana hai| bane haiM, jo baGgAla meM pracalita haiM / bauddhoM meM isa vyAkaraNa kavitAvalI-solahavIM zatAbdI meM racI gayI kavitAbaddha 22

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170 kavIndrAcArya-kazyapa zrIrAma kI kathA, jo kavitta aura savaiyA chandoM meM hai| vizvakarmabhauvana' nAmaka rAjA kA abhiSeka karAyA thaa| isake racayitA gosvAmI tulasIdAsa haiM / bhakti bhAvanA se aitareya brAhmaNa meM kazyapoM kA sambandha janamejaya se batAyA bhInA huA yaha vrajabhASA kA lalita kAvya hai / gayA hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM prajApati ko kazyapa kahA kavIndrAcArya-zatapatha brAhmaNa ke tIna bhASyakAroM meM se gayA hai : "sa yatkarmo nAma / prajApatiH prajA asRjat / eka kavIndrAcArya bhI haiM / yadasRjat akarot tad yadakarot tasmAt kUrmaH kazyapo kazmIrazaivamata-zaivamata kI eka prasiddha zAkhA kazmIrI __ vai kUrmastasmAdAhuH sarvAH prajAH kAzyapyaH / " zaivoM kI hai / yahA~ 'zaiva AgamoM' ko zivokta samajhA gayA mahAbhArata evaM purANoM meM asuroM kI utpatti evaM evaM ina zaivoM kA yahI dhArmika AdhAra bana gayA / 850 vaMzAvalI ke varNana meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmA ke cha: I0 ke lagabhaga 'zivasUtroM' ko rahasyamaya evaM naye zabdoM mAnasa putroM meM se eka 'marIci' the jinhoMne apanI icchA meM zivokta ThaharAyA gayA evaM isase prerita ho dArzanika se kazyapa nAmaka prajApati putra utpanna kiyaa| kazyapa ne sAhitya kI eka paramparA yahA~ sthApita ho gayI, jo dakSa prajApati kI 17 putriyoM se vivAha kiyaa| dakSa kI lagabhaga tIna zatAbdiyoM taka calatI rhii| 'zivasUtra' ina putriyoM se jo santAna utpanna haI usakA vivaraNa evaM 'spandakArikA' jo yahA~ ke zavamata ke AdhAra the, nimnAMkita hai : prAyaH dainika caritAvalI para hI vizeSa rUpa se prakAza 1. aditi se Aditya ( devatA) DAlate haiN| kintu 900 I0 ke lagabhaga somAnanda kI 2. diti se daitya 'zivadRSTi' ne sampradAya ke lie eka dArzanika rUpa upa- 3. danu se dAnava sthita kiyaa| yaha darzana advaitavAdI hai evaM isameM mokSa 4. kASThA se azvAdi pratyabhijJA (ziva se ekAkAra hone ke jJAna) para hI 5. aniSTA se gandharva AdhArita hai| phira bhI vizva ko kevala mAyA nahIM batAyA 6. surasA se rAkSasa gayA, ise zakti ke mAdhyama se ziva kA AbhAsa kahA 7. ilA se vRkSa gayA hai / vizva kA vikAsa sAMkhya darzana ke DhaMga kA hI 8. muni se apsarAgaNa hai, kintu isakI bahuta kucha apanI vizeSatAe~ hai / yaha 9. krodhavazA se sarpa praNAlI 'trika' kahalAtI hai, kyoMki isake tIna siddhAnta 10. surabhi se gau aura mahiSa haiM-ziva, zakti evaM aNu; athavA pati, pAza evaM pazu / 11. saramA se zvApada (hiMsra pazu) isakA sArAMza mAdhavakRta 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' athavA caTarjI 12. tAmrA se zyena-gRdhra Adi ke 'kazmIra zaivamata' meM prApta ho sakatA hai / AgamoM kI 13. timi se yAdogaNa (jalajantu) zikSAoM se bhI yaha adhika advaitavAdI hai, jabaki naye 14. vinatA se garuDa aura aruNa sAhityika ise AgamoM ke anukUla siddha karane kI ceSTA 15. kadrU se nAga karate haiM / isa mata parivartana kA kyA kAraNa ho sakatA 16. pataGgI se pataGga hai ? AcArya zaGkara ne apanI digvijaya ke samaya kazmIra 17. yAminI se zalabha / bhramaNa kiyA thA, isalie ho sakatA hai ki unhoMne vahA~ de0 bhAgavata purANa / mArkaNDeya purANa (104.3 ) ke ke zaiva AcAryoM ko advaitavAda ke pakSa meM lAne kA upa- anusAra kazyapa kI teraha bhAryAe thiiN| unake nAma haikrama kiyA ho ! 1. diti, 2. aditi, 3. danu, 4. vinatA, 5. khasA, kazyapa-prAcIna vaidika RSiyoM meM pramukha RSi, jinakA 6. kadru, 7. muni, 8. krodhA, 9. riSTA, 10. irA, ullekha eka bAra Rgveda meM huA hai / anya saMhitAoM meM 11. tAmrA, 12. ilA aura 13. prdhaa| inhIM se saba bhI yaha nAma bahuprayukta hai| inheM sarvadA dhArmika evaM sRSTi huii| rahasyAtmaka caritra vAlA batalAyA gayA hai evaM ati kazyaka eka gotra kA bhI nAma hai / yaha bahuta vyApaka prAcIna kahA gayA hai / aitareya brAhmaNa ke anusAra inhoMne gotra hai| jisakA gotra nahIM milatA usake lie kazyapa

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kA~gar3A-kAThakagRhyasUtra gotra kI kalpanA kara lI jAtI hai, kyoMki eka paramparA ke anusAra sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kI utpatti kazyapa se huii| kAMgar3A himAcala pradeza kA eka zaktipITha, jo paThAnakoTa se 59 mIla para kAMgaDA aura usase eka mIla Age kA~gaDAmandira sTezana ke samIpa hai rAstA moTarasa aura paidala donoM hai / yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke lie dharmazAlAe~ haiM / yahA~ para jvAlAmukhI yA jvAlAjI ke nAma se durgA mahAmAyA kA mandira hai / donoM navarAtroM meM melA lagatA hai / prAkRtika agnijvAlAoM ke rUpa meM devIjI darzana detI hai| kAJcanapurovrata- yaha prakIrNaka (phuTakara ) vrata hai| zukla pakSIya tRtIyA, kRSNa pakSIya ekAdazI, pUrNimA, amAvasyA, aSTamI athavA saMkrAnti ko suvarNa kI purI, jisakI dIvAreM bhI suvarNa kI hoM athavA cA~dI yA jastA kI hoM tathA khambhe suvarNa ke hoM, dAna meM dI jaay| usa purI ke andara viSNu tathA lakSmI kI pratimAeM virAjamAna karanI khaNDa 2.868-876: bhaviSyo tara purANa 147 / bhagavatI kA yaha vrata gaurI aura bhagavAn ziva, rAma tathA sItA damayantI tathA nala, kRSNa tathA pANDavoM ke dvArA Acarita thA / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se samasta vastue~ sulabha kAmanAeM pUrNa tathA pApoM kA prakSAlana hotA hai| cAhie de0 hemAdri, | vratakhaNDa, " kAcI (kAzIvaram) - yaha tIrthapurI dakSiNa kI kAzI mAnI jAtI hai, jo madrAsa se 45 mIla dakSiNa-pazcima meM sthita hai| aisI anubhUti hai ki isa kSetra meM prAcIna kAla meM brahmA ne devI ke darzana ke lie tapa kiyA thaa| mokSadAyinI sapta puriyoM-- ayodhyA, mathurA, dvArakA, mAyA ( haridvAra ), kAzI, kAJcI aura avantikA (ujjaina) meM isakI gaNanA hai / kAJcI hariharAtmaka purI hai / isake zivakAJcI, viSNukAJcI do bhAga haiM / sambhavataH kAmAkSImandira hI yahA~ kA zaktipITha hai| dakSiNa ke paJcatattvaliGgoM meM se bhUtattvaliGga ke sambandha meM kucha matabheda hai / kucha loga kAlI ke ekAmrezvara liGga ko bhUtatvaliGga mAnate haiM, aura kucha loga tisvArUra kI tyAgarAjaliGga mUrti ko / isakA mAhAtmya nimnAGkita hai : rahasyaM sampravakSyAmi lopAmudrApate zRNu / netradvayaM mahezasya kAzIkAJcIpurIdvayam // 171 vikhyAtaM vaiSNavaM kSetraM zivasAMnidhyakArakam / kAJcIkSetre purA pAtA sarvalokapitAmahaH || zrIdevIdarzanArthAya tapastepe suduSkaram / prAdurAsa puro lakSmI padmahastapurassarA // padmAsane ca tiSThantI viSNunA jiSNunA saha / sarvazRGgAraveSAcA sarvAbharaNabhUSitA // (brahmANDapu0 lalitopAkhyAna 25 ) kAJcI Adhunika kAla meM kAjIvaram ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yaha IsA kI Arambhika zatAbdiyoM meM mahattvapUrNa nagara thA / sambhavataH yaha dakSiNa bhArata kA nahIM to tamilanADu kA sabase bar3A kendra thA buddhaghoSa ke samakAlIna prasiddha bhASyakAra dharmapAla kA janmasthAna yahIM thA. isase anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha bauddhadharmIya jIvana kA kendra thA / yahA~ ke sundaratama mandiroM kI paramparA isa bAta ko pramANita karatI hai ki yaha sthAna dakSiNa bhArata ke dhArmika kriyAkalApa kA anekoM zatAbdiyoM taka kendra rahA hai| chaThI zatAbdI meM pallavoM ke saMrakSaNa se prArambha kara pandrahavIM evaM solahavIM zatAbdI taka vijayanagara ke rAjAoM ke saMrakSaNakAla ke madhya 1000 varSa ke drAvir3a mandirazilpa ke vikAsa ko yahA~ eka hI sthAna meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / 'kailAsanAtha mandira isa kalA ke caramotkarSa kA udAharaNa hai| eka dazAbdI pIche kA perumala' isa kalA ke sauSThava kA sUcaka hai mandira pallava nRpoM ke zilpakalA prema ke haraNa hai| kAzIpurANam aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM 'kAlI apAra evaM unake guru 'zivajJAnayogI' dvArA kADIvaram meM pracalita sthAnIya dhArmika AkhyAnoM ke saGkalana ke rUpa meM 'kAJcIpurANam' grantha tamila bhASA meM racA gayA hai / kAThaka - kRSNa yajurveda kI cAra zAkhAoM meM se eka zAkhA kA nAma / uparyukta veda kI cAra saMhitAe~ aisI haiM, jinameM brAhmaNabhAga kI sAmagrI bhI mizrita hai / inameM se eka 'kAThaka saMhitA' bhI hai taitirIya AraNyaka meM aMzataH kAThaka brAhmaNa surakSita haiM / / banA 'baikuNTha uparyukta donoM utkRSTa udA kAThaka gRhyasUtra - kAThaka gRhyasUtra kRSNa yajurveda zAkhA kA grantha hai evaM isa para devapAla kI vRtti hai| isameM gRhya saMskAroM aura pAka yajJoM kA kRSNa yajurveda ke anusAra varNana pAyA jAtA hai /

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172 kAThakabrAhmaNa-kAtyAyanasmRti kAThaka brAhmaNa-kRSNa yajurveda ko kAThaka zAkhA kA RSiyoM kii| kAtyAyana gotranAma bhI sambhava hai, isa brAhmaNa, jo sampUrNa rUpa meM prApta nahIM hai| isakA kucha bhAga prakAra ukta granthakartA kAtyAyana vaMzaparamparA se aneka taittirIya AraNyaka meM upalabdha huA hai| hue hoNge| kAThaka saMhitA-kRSNa yajurveda kI cAra saMhitAoM meM se kAtyAyanasmRti-(1) hindU vidhi aura vyavahAra ke Upara eka / isa veda kI saMhitAoM evaM brAhmaNoM kA pRthak kAtyAyana eka pramukha pramANa aura adhikArI zAstrakAra haiN| vibhAjana nahIM hai / saMhitAoM meM brAhmaNoM kI sAmagrI bhI inakA sampUrNa smRti grantha upalabdha nahIM hai| bhASyoM aura bharI par3I hai| isake kRSNa vizeSaNa kA Azaya yahI hai nibandhoM (vizvarUpa se lekara vIramitrodaya taka) meM inake ki mantra bhAga aura brAhmaNa bhAga kA eka hI grantha meM uddharaNa pAye jAte haiN| zaGkha-likhita, yAjJavalkya aura mizraNa ho jAne se donoM kA ApAtataH pRthak vargIkaraNa parAzara ne bhI kAtyAyana ko smRtikAra ke rUpa meM smaraNa nahIM ho pAtA / isa prakAra ziSyoM ko jo vyAmoha yA kiyA hai| kAtyAyanasmRti apane viSaya pratipAdana meM nArada aviveka hotA hai vahI isa veda kI 'kRSNatA' hai| aura bRhaspati se milatI-julatI hai / yathA nArada ke samAna kAThakAdisaMhitA-kRSNa yajurveda kI kAThakAdi cAroM saMhi- kAtyAyana bhI 'vAda' ke cAra pAda-(1) dharma, (2) vyavatAoM kA vibhAga dUsarI saMhitAoM se bhinna hai / inameM hAra, (3) caritra aura (4) rAjazAsana mAnate haiM aura yaha pA~ca bhAga haiM, jinameM se pahale tIna meM cAlIsa sthAnaka bhI svIkAra karate haiM ki paravartI pAda pUrvavartI kA bAdhaka hai haiN| pA~caveM bhAga meM azvamedha yajJa kA vivaraNa hai| (parAzaramAdhavIya, khaNDa 3, bhAga 1, pR0 16-17; vIrakANva-kAtyAyana ke vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya meM jina pUrvA- mitrodaya, vyavahAra, 9-10, 120-121) / kAtyAyana ne cAryoM kI carcA hai unameM kANva kA bhI nAma hai| spaSTataH strIdhana ke Upara vistAra se vicAra kiyA hai aura usake ye kaNva ke vaMzadhara the| vibhinna prakAroM kI vyAkhyA kI hai / prAyaH sabhI nibandhakANvazAkhA-zukla yajurveda kI eka zAkhA / isa zAkhA kAroM ne strIdhana para kAtyAyana ko uddhRta kiyA hai| lagake zatapatha brAhmaNa meM satraha kANDa haiN| usake pahale, pA~caveM bhaga eka darjana nibandhakAroM ne kAtyAyana ke 900 zlokoM aura caudahaveM kANDa ke do-do bhAga haiN| isa brAhmaNa ke ko uddhRta kiyA hai| ina uddharaNoM meM kAtyAyana ne bIsoM eka sau adhyAya haiM isalie yaha 'zatapatha' kahalAtA hai| bAra bhRgu kA ullekha kiyA hai, bhRgu ke vicAra spaSTataH de0 'zatapatha' / manusmRti se milate-julate haiN| kAtantravyAkaraNa-vaMga deza kI ora kalApa vyAkaraNa nArada aura bRhaspati ke samAna hI vyavahAra para kAtyAprasiddha hai| ise 'kAtantravyAkaraNa' bhI kahate haiN| usa yana ke vicAra vikasita hai, kahIM-kahIM to unase bhI aage| pradeza meM isake AdhAra para aneka sugama vyAkaraNa grantha strIdhana para kAtyAyana ke vicAra bahuta Age haiM / kAtyAyana banakara pracalita ho gaye haiN| zarvavarmA nAmaka kisI ne vyavahAra, prADvivAka, stobhaka, dharmAdhikaraNa, tIrita, kArtikeyabhakta vidvAn ne isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| anuziSTa, sAmanta Adi padoM kI nayI paribhASAe~ bhI kI kAtyAyana-pANinisUtroM para vAtika grantha racane vAle eka haiN| kAtyAyana ne pazcAtkAra aura jayapatra meM bheda kiyA muni / inheM niruktakAra yAska evaM mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali hai; pazcAtkAra vAdI ke pakSa meM vaha nirNaya hai jo prativAdI ke madhyakAla kA mAnA jAtA hai| kAtyAyana ne gAyatrI, ke ghora prativAda ke pazcAt diyA jAtA hai, jabaki jayauSNika Adi sAta chandoM ke aura bhI bheda sthira kiye patra prativAdI kI doSasvIkRti athavA anya sarala AdhAroM haiM / isa chandaHzAstra para kAtyAyanaracita sarvAnukramaNikA para diyA jAtA hai| paThanIya hai / kAtyAyana vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya ke racayitA (2) jIvAnanda ke smRtisaMgraha (bhAga 1, pR0 603bhI haiN| isake atirikta kAtyAyana muni ne kAtyAyana- 644) meM kAtyAyana nAma kI eka smRti pAyI jAtI hai| zrautasUtra evaM kAtyAyanasmRti nAmaka do aura granthoM isameM tIna prapAThaka, untIsa khaNDa aura lagabhaga 500 kI bhI racanA kI hai| yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye zloka haiM / AnandAzrama ke smRtisaMgraha meM yahI grantha prakAvibhinna racanAe~ eka hI RSikRta haiM yA anyAnya zita hai| isako kAtyAyana kA 'karmapradIpa' kahA gayA hai|

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kAtyAyanazrautasUtra-kAnyakubja (kannauja) 173 rakhA jA sakatAradIpadAnAva isase bahuta sI dhArmika kriyAoM para pracara prakAza par3atA bhagavatI kAtyAyanI kI pratimA kA pUjana isalie kiyA hai / isake mukhya viSaya hai thA ki unheM bhagavAn kRSNa pati ke rUpa meM prApta hoM / isayajJopavIta, Acamana, aGgasparza, gaNezapUjA, caturdaza lie dhArmika Adarza pati prApta karane ke lie kumAriyA~ mAtRpUjA, kuza, zrAddha, agnisaMskAra, araNi, muk, suva, aura anya mahilAe~ bhaktibhAva se isa vrata kA anuSThAna snAna, dantadhAvana, sandhyA, prANAyAma, mantrapATha, tarpaNa, karatI haiN| paJcamahAyajJa, azauca, strIdharma Adi / nizcita rUpa se yaha kAtIyagRhyasUtra--isake racayitA pAraskara haiM aura isameM tIna kahanA kaThina hai ki vyAvahArika (vidhika) aura karma kANDa haiN| isakI paddhati vAsudeva ne likhI hai| usa para kANDIya kAtyAyana donoM eka hI vyakti haiN| parantu yaha jayarAma kI eka TIkA hai| zaGkara gaNapati kI TIkA satya hai ki bahuta se bhASyakAra aura nibandhakAra karmapradIpa (jinakA prasiddha nAma rAmakRSNa thA) bhI bahuta pANDityapUrNa ke avataraNa kAtyAyana ke nAma se uddhRta karate haiN| hai| isakI bhUmikA bar3I khoja se likhI gayI hai| inhoMne kAtyAyana kA kAla caturtha aura SaSTha zatI I0 ke bIca kANvazAkhA ko hI zreSTha ThaharAyA hai| inake atirikta rakhA jA sakatA hai| kAtyAyana manu aura yAjJavalkya kA caraka, gadAdhara, jayarAma, murArimizra, reNukAcArya, vAgIanusaraNa karate haiM aura nArada aura bRhaspati ko pramANa zvarIdatta aura vedamizra Adi ke bhASyoM kA bhI pracAra hai| mAnate haiM / ataH kAtyAyana inake paravartI hue| isalie kAntAradIpadAnavidhi--Azvina pUrNimA taka balidAna ke lie prayukta hone vAle vRkSa para ATha dIpaka prajvalita karane tIsarI-cauthI zatI ke pazcAt hI inako rakhA jA sakatA cAhie athavA tIna rAtriyoM (Azvina amAvasyA aura hai / vizvarUpa, medhAtithi Adi nibandhakAra kAtyAyana ko pUrNimA tathA kAttika pUrNimA) ko athavA kevala kArtika uddhRta karate haiN| jisase lagatA hai ki unake samaya meM pUrNimA ko hii| isake devatA haiM dharma, rudra tathA dAmodara / kAtyAyanasmRti prasiddha aura pracalita ho cukI thii| isa- yaha pUjAvidhi pretoM tathA pitaroM kI tapti ke lie hai| lie ina nibandhakAroM se 2-3 sau varSa pUrva hI kAtyAyana kAntivrata-kArtika zukla dvitIyA ko isakA anuSThAna hotA kA kAla mAnA jA sakatA hai / hai| eka varSa paryanta isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| kAtyAyanazrautasUtra-zukla yajurveda ke zrautasUtroM meM kAtyAyana isameM balarAma tathA kezava ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| sAtha zrautasUtra sabase prasiddha hai / isake 26 adhyAya haiN| zata hI dvitIyA ke candramA kI bhI pUjA hotI hai| kArtika patha brAhmaNa ke pahale nau kANDoM meM jina saba kriyAoM kA mAsa se cAra mAsa taka tila tathA ghI se havana karanA vicAra hai, kAtyAyanazrautasUtra ke pahale aThAraha adhyAyoM / cAhie / varSa ke anta meM rajata se nirmita candramA kA dAna meM bhI unhIM saba kriyAoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| karanA caahie| unnIsaveM adhyAya meM sautrAmaNI, bIsaveM meM azvamedha, ikkI- kAnyakubja (kannauja)-ise azvatIrtha kahA jAtA hai aura sarve meM puruSamedha, pitR medha aura sarvamedha, bAIsaveM, teIsaveM, eka nAma 'kuzikatIrtha' bhI hai| maharSi RcIka ne yahA~ aura caubIsaveM adhyAyoM meM ekAha, ahIna aura satra Adi ke rAjA gAdhi kI kanyA satyavatI se vivAha kiyA thaa| yAjJika kriyAeM varNita hai / pacIsaveM adhyAya meM prAyazcitta gAdhi ne pahale inase zulka rUpa meM eka sahasra zyAmakarNa para aura chabbIsaveM meM pravarga para vicAra hai / azva mA~ge, jo RSi ne varuNadeva se kahakara yahIM prakaTa kAtyAyanasUtra ke aneka bhASyakAra evaM vRttikAra hue kara diye / gAdhi ke putra vizvAmitra hue aura RcIka ke hai / unameM se yazogopI, pitRbhUti, karka, bhartRyajJa, ananta, putra jamadagni RSi / jamadagni ke putra parazurAma the / yahA~ gaGgAghara, gadAdhara, garga, padmanAbha, mizra agnihotrI, gaurIzaMkara, kSemakarI devI, phUlamatI devI tathA siMhavAhinI yAjJika deva, zrIdhara, harihara aura mahAdeva ke nAma vizeSa / devI ke mandira hai / pahale kannauja vaibhavapUrNa nagara raha cukA ullekhanIya haiN| hai| gaGgA isake pAsa bahatI thI / kintu aba dhArA kAtyAyanIvrata-bhAgavata ke dazama skandha ke 22veM adhyAya meM cAra mIla dUra calI gayI hai| kannauja meM aba bhI kucha zloka 1 se 7 taka isa vrata kA ullekha hai| kathA yaha hai ki prAcIna avazeSa raha gaye haiN| yaha sthAna kAnapura se pacAsa eka bAra nandavaja meM kumAriyoM ne mArgazIrSa mAsa bhara mIla para hai|

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174 kAnyakubja brAhmaNa-kAmadhenutantra kAnyakubja brAhmaNa-bhaugolika AdhAra para brAhmaNoM ke do kApAlikoM kA prAcInatama ullekha mahAbhArata meM pAyA bar3e vibhAga hai-paJcagauDa (uttara bhArata ke) tathA paJcadraviDa jAtA hai| parantu vahA~ zaiva rUpa meM hI ve citrita hai, (dakSiNa bhArata ke ) / paJcagaur3oM kI hI eka zAkhA kAnyakubja bIbhatsa rUpa meM nhiiN| cAlukya nAgavardhana (sAtavIM zatI) hai / gaur3oM kA udgamasthala kurukSetra hai / isa prAcIna gaur3a- ke kapAlezvara maMdira ke abhilekha meM kApAlikoM kA varNana bhUmi ke nivAsI hone ke kAraNa isa pradeza ke brAhmaNa gaur3a / mahAvratI ke rUpa meM milatA hai| isake anantara AThavIM kahalAye / pajAba aura kazmIra ke brAhmaNa sArasvata haiN| zatAbdI ke bhavabhUtiracita 'mAlatImAdhava' nATaka meM prayAga ke pAsa se kAnyakubja taka phaile hue brAhmaNa kAnya- kApAlika sAdhaka aghoraghaNTa kA ullekha AtA hai, kubja khlaaye| kAnyakubjoM meM sarayUpArINa, jujhautiyA jisakA sambandha zrIzaila parvata (Andhra) se thaa| aura baGgAlI bhI sammilita haiN| paMca gaur3oM meM maithila aura gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke candela rAjAoM ke rAjapaNDita utkala brAhmaNa bhI mAne jAte haiN| kRSNa mizra dvArA racita 'prabodhacandrodaya' meM bhI kApAlikoM kApAlika-pAzupata zaivoM kA eka sampradAya / isakA zAbdika kI carcA hai / isa grantha ke anusAra kApAlikoM kA sambandha artha hai 'kapAla (khopar3I) dhAraNa karane vAlA' / kapAla narabali, zrIcakra, yogasAvana tathA aneka ghora asAmAmRtaka athavA mRtyu kA pratIka hai, jisakA sambandha ziva ke jika kriyAoM se thaa| yogadIpikA (1.8, 3.96) meM vidhvaMsaka, ghora athavA raudra rUpa se hai| kApAlikoM kA kApAlikoM kA ullekha milatA hai : AcAra-vyavahAra vAmamArgI zAktoM se milatA-julatA hai| 'niSevyate zItalamadyadhArA inakI saMkhyA kabhI bhI adhika nahIM thii| vAstava meM eka kApAlike khnnddmte'mrolii|' saMghaTita sampradAya kI apekSA kucha sAdhakoM kA hI yaha eka kisI samaya kazmIra meM kApAlika-utsava manAyA jAtA samudAya rahA hai| thaa| kRSNa caturdazI ke dina nRtya, gIta, sAmUhika yaunakApAlika mata ke udgama ke viSaya meM purANoM meM vihAra ke sAtha yaha utsava sampanna hotA thaa| Ajakala adbhuta kathAeM dI huI hai| inameM se eka ke anusAra yaha sampradAya prAyaH lupta hai / ziva ne brahmA kA vadha kiyA thaa| isakA prAyazcitta karane kApAlI-ziva kA eka viruda, kyoMki ve apane ghora veza ke lie unhoMne kapAlI vrata dhAraNa kiyA aura brahmA kA me narakapAla dhAraNa karate haiM / mahAbhArata (13.17.102) kapAla unake hAtha meM par3A raha gyaa| kapAlI vrata eka meM kathana hai : prakAra kA unmattavrata thA, jisake dvArA ziva brahmahatyA se ajaikapAcca kApAlI trizaGkarajitaH zivaH / mukti pA sake / brahmANDapurANa tathA nIlamata-purANa meM isase kApeya-'kapi' gotra meM utpanna vyakti / kAThakasaMhitA bhinna zivatANDava kI kathA dI huI hai| ziva kA ghora aura paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM kApeyoM ko citraratha kA purohita tANDava saMsAra ke vidhvaMsaka bhISaNa bhAra ko svayaM vahana kahA gayA hai / de0 'shaunk'| karane ke lie hai, jisase vizva isakI vibhISikA se sura- kAmatAnAtha (kAmadagiri)-bA~dA jile meM citrakUTa ke antakSita rhe| kApAlika sAdhakoM kA bhI yahI uddezya hai| rgata sItAkuNDa se Der3ha mIla dUra kAmatAnAtha yA kAmadagiri unake ghora rUpa ke bhItara mahatI karuNA chipI rahatI hai| nAmaka pahAr3o, jo parama pavitra mAnI jAtI hai / isa para parantu kabhI-kabhI pathabhraSTa kApAlika bhramavaza ziva kA Upara nahI car3hA jAtA, isa kI parikramA kI jAtI hai| anukaraNa karate hue mAnava-zira kATane kA abhinaya bhI parikramA tIna mIla kI hai| rAmacandra jI ne vanavAsa kAla karate the| aisI ghaTanAeM kabhI-kabhI bIca meM sunAI par3atI meM yahIM adhika samaya vyatIta kiyA thaa| hai| 'zaMkaradigvijaya' kAvya meM AcArya zaMkara ke sAtha kAmadhenatantra-zAkta sAhitya ke antargata 'kAmadhenutantra' ghaTI eka aisI hI durghaTanA kA ullekha hai| ye jaTAjUTa kI racanA solahavIM zatI meM huii| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda dhAraNa karate haiM, jUTa meM navacandra kI pratimA pratiSThita munaro dvArA huA hai| rahatI hai, inake hAtha meM narakapAla kA kamaNDalu rahatA hai, ___ 'kAmadhenu' nAmaka eka vyAkaraNa grantha bhI kisI paravartI ye kapAlapAtra meM madirA-mAMsa kA bhI sevana karate haiM / zAkaTAyana dvArA likhA batAyA jAtA hai|

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kAmatrivata- kAmarUpa 1 kAmatrivrata - isa vrata meM kucha deviyoM, yathA umA, medhA, bhadrakAlI, kAtyAyanI anasUyA, varuNapatnI kA pUjana hotA hai| inake pUjana se manovAMchita abhilASAoM kI pUrti hotI hai| tIna kAmadavidhi - isa vrata meM mArgazIrSa mAsa ke ravivAra ke dina candana se carcita karavIra puSpoM se bhagavAn sUrya kI pUjA karanI caahie| kAmadAsaptamI - phAlguna zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai / isameM eka varSa paryanta sUrya kA pUjana honA cAhie / isako cAra-cAra mAsa ke varSa ke khaNDa karake phAlguna mAsa se prArambha kiyA jAtA hai / isameM bhinna-bhinna phUloM bhinna-bhinna dhUpa tathA bhinnabhinna yoM ke arpaNa kA vidhAna hai| kAmadevapUjA-maMtra zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isa tithi ko bhinna-bhinna puSpoM se kapar3e para citrita kAmadeva kI pUjA hotI hai / yaha citraphalaka zItala jala se paripUrNa tathA puSpoM se yukta kalaza ke sammukha rakhA jAnA caahie| isa dina patiyoM dvArA apanI patniyoM kA sammAna vAMchanIya hai / de0 kRtyakalpataru kA naityakAlika kANDa, 384 / kAmadhenuvrata - kArtika kRSNa ekAdazI se prArambha hokara lagAtAra pA~ca dina yaha vrata calatA hai / isa tithi ko zrI tathA viSNu kI pUjA hotI hai| rAtri meM dIpoM ko ghara, gozAlA, caitya, devAlaya, sar3aka, zmazAna bhUmi tathA sarovara meM prajjvalita karanA caahie| ekAdazI ke dina upavAsa karanA cAhie tathA bhagavAn viSNu kI pratimA ko gau ke ghI yA dUdha meM cAra dina snAna karAnA caahie| isake pazcAt kAmadhenu kA dAna karanA caahie| yaha vrata samasta pApoM ke prAyazcittasvarUpa bhI kiyA jAtA hai / kAmadevatrayodazI (madanatrayodazI ! -- caitra zukla trayodazI ko kAmadeva trayodazI kahate haiN| isa tithi ko kAmadeva ke pratIka svarUpa damanaka vRkSa kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / de0 'anaGgatrayodazI' | kAmandakIya nItisAra - rAjanIti kA prasiddha grantha / isake praNetA kAmandaka nAma se prasiddha haiM / ye kauTilyaparamparA ke anuyAyI haiN| isa grantha meM rAjanIti ke vividha viSayoM para ati sAragarbhita vivaraNa upasthita kiyA gayA hai| 175 vizeSa kara rAjA ke kartavya (dharma), rAjakarmacAriyoM kA cunAva evaM unakA dharma, yuddhanIti, maNDala vyavasthA evaM rAjya ke sapta aMgoM kA varNana abhinaya rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha grantha kauTilIya artha - zAstra kA chandobaddha rUpAntara hai / kintu bAta aisI nahIM haiN| kAmandaka ne eka paNDita kI bhA~ti yuga evaM Avazya katA ke anusAra isake rUpa ko choTA kara diyA hai evaM padyoM meM racanA kara kaMThastha karane kI suvidhA upasthita kI haiN| isameM kauTilya se bhinna vicAra bhI haiM evaM atiprAcIna AcAryoM ke matoM kA bhI upayoga huA hai / isameM granthakAra kI sabase bar3I vizeSatA sAhityika pratibhA kA camatkAra hai| upamA Adi aladvAroM kI sahAyatA se rAjanIti ke rUkhe tathyoM ko ati rocaka evaM hRdayagrAhI rUpa de diyA gayA hai / prajA dvArA varNAzrama dharma pAlana karAnA rAjA kA parama kartavya hai, isa siddhAnta para kAmandaka ne bahuta bala diyA hai / kAmamahotsava - caitra zukla caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| trayodazI kI rAtri ke samaya kisI udyAna meM rati tathA madana kI pratimA kI sthApanA karake caturdazI ko unakA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha utsava zrRMgArika gItoM ke sAtha kucha vAca yantroM ke sAtha gAte bajAte hue manAnA cAhie dUsare dina eka pahara taka mRttikA se khelanA caahie| zaiva Agama meM yahI vrata caitrAvalI tathA madanabhaJjI bhI kahalAtA hai| de0 kRtyakalpataru kA vratakANDa, 190; 'caitravihita azokASTamI' / kAmarUpa - asama pradeza kA prAcIna nAma / isake nAmakaraNa kA kAraNa isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : "mUla prakRti bhagavatI kAmarUpiNI satI (dakSakanyA, zivapatnI) jisa deza meM virAjamAna hai vaha deza unake nAma se prasiddha hai|" yahA~ kAmagiri ( gohATI ke pAsa ) ke yonipITha meM kAmAkhyA devI kA mandira hai tatracUDAmaNi kA kathana hai : 1 yonipIThaM kAmagirau kAmAkhyA tatra devatA / sarvatra viralA cAhaM kAmarUpe gRhe gRhe // [ kAmagiri meM yonipITha hai| vahA~ kAmAkhyA nAmaka devI hai / sarvatra maiM viralA hU~, kintu kAmarUpa meM ghara-ghara / ] yaha pradeza gaNezagiri ke zikhara para sthita hai, aisA tantragranthoM meM likhA hai :

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176 kAlezvaraM giri puraM niilprvtm| kAmarUpAbhidhI dezo gaNezagiri mUrddhani // kAmarUpI - icchAnukUla vezadhArI / ardhadevoM meM gandharva evaM vidyAdharoM kA nAma AtA hai| vidyAdharoM kA vizeSa guNa AkAza meM ur3anA hai, jisake kAraNa inheM 'seyara' (AkAza meM calane vAlA ) kahA jAtA hai| ye veza badalane athavA manovAMchita rUpa dhAraNa karane kI vidyA (jAdU) jAnate haiM, jisake kAraNa inheM kAmarUpI kahate haiN| kAmavana --- jisameM ziva pArvatI ekAntavAsa karate haiM / ise kucha loga kAmyakavana bhI kahate haiM / ziva kA zApa thA ki jo koI puruSa isameM praveza karegA vaha turanta strI bana jaayegaa| manu kA putra ila bhUla se isameM praviSTa hokara strI ilA bana gayA thA / vrajamaNDala ke bharatapura jile meM bhI kAmavana hai, jahA~ govindadevajI ke mandira meM vRndA devI kA mahala hai| yahA~ caurAsI tIrthoM kI upasthiti mAnI jAtI hai / kAmavrata - ( 1 ) kevala mahilAoM ke lie isakA vidhAna hai / yaha kArtika meM prArambha hokara eka varSa paryanta calatA hai / isameM sUrya kA pUjana hotA hai / hemAdri ke anusAra yaha strIputrakAmAvApti-utsava hai / (2) pauSa zukla trayodazI ko prArambha hokara tadanantara eka varSa taka isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / pratyeka trayodazI ko nakta (rAtribhojana) karanA cAhie / caitra meM suvarNa kA azoka vRkSa tathA 10 aMgula lambA ikSudaNDa isa mantra ke sAtha dAna karanA cAhie 'pradyumnaH prasIdatu / ' (3) kisI bhI mahIne kI saptamI ko yaha vrata kiyA jA sakatA hai / suvarcalA (sUrya kI patnI) ko isameM pUjA hotI hai| manovAMchita padArthoM kI isase upalabdhi hotI hai| (4) pauSa zukla paJcamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai / isameM kArtikeya ke rUpa meM bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA hotI hai | paJcamI ko nakta karanA caahie| SaSThI ke dina kevala eka samaya kA AhAra saptamI ko pAraNa aisA eka varSa paryanta karanA cAhie / svAmI kArtikeya kI suvarNapratimA tathA do vastra dAna meM dene caahie| isase manuSya jIvana meM samasta kAmanAoM ko prApta karatA hai| hemAdri ( vratakhaNDa) ke anusAra yaha 'kAmapaNTI' vrata hai| kAmAkhyA devI kAmAkhyA zabda kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gayI hai "jo bhaktoM kI kAmanA ko pUrNa karatI hai kAmarUpI kAmAkhyApITha athavA bhakta sAdhakoM dvArA jisakI kAmanA kI jAtI hai| vaha 'kAmA' hai jisakA 'kAmA' nAma hai vaha 'kAmAkhyA' hai / " kAlikApurANa ( a0 61 ) meM isakA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / kAmAkhyA pITha - yaha bhArata kA prasiddha zaktipITha tIrtha asama pradeza meM hai / kAmAkhyA devI kA mandira pahAr3I para hai, anumAnataH eka mIla U~cI isa pahAr3I ko 'nola parvata' bhI kahate haiN| isa pradeza kA pracalita nAma kAmarUpa hai| tantroM meM likhA hai ki karatoyA nadI se lekara brahmaputra nada taka trikoNAkAra kAmarUpa pradeza mAnA gayA hai / kintu aba vaha rUparekhA nahIM hai / isa deza meM saubhArapITha, zrIpITha, ratnapITha, viSNupITha, rudrapITha tathA brahmapITha Adi kaI siddhapITha haiM, 'kAmAkhyApITha' sabase pradhAna hai| devI kA mandira kUcavihAra ke rAjA vizvasiMha aura zivasiMha kA banavAyA huA hai| isake pahale ke mandira ko baMgAlI AkrAmaka kAlA pahAr3a ne tor3a DAlA thA / san 1564 I0 taka prAcIna mandira kA nAma 'AnandAkhyA' thA, jo vartamAna mandira se kucha dUrI para hai| pAsa meM choTA sA sarovara hai| devIbhAgavata (7 skandha, a0 38 ) meM kAmAkhyA devI ke mAhAtmya kA varNana hai| isakA darzana, bhajana, pATha-pUjA karane se sarva vighnoM kI zAnti hotI hai| pahAr3I se utarane para gohATI ke sAmane brahmaputra nadI ke madhya meM umAnanda nAmaka choTe caTTAnI TApU meM zivamandira hai| AnandamUrti ko bhairava ( kAmAkhyArakSaka) kahate haiM / kAmAkhyApITha ke sambandha meM kAlikApurANa (a0 61 ) meM nimnAMkita varNana pAyA jAtA hai : "ziva ne kahA, prANiyoM kI sRSTi ke pazcAt bahuta samaya vyatIta hone para maiMne dakSatanayA satI ko bhAryArUpa meM grahaNa kiyA, jo striyoM meM zreSTha thI / vaha merI atyanta preyasI bhAryA huI / apane pitA dvArA yajJa ke avasara para merA apamAna dekhakara usane prANa tyAga kiyaa| maiM moha se vyAkula ho uThA aura satI ke mRta zarIra ko kandhe para rakhakara samasta carAcara jagat meM bhramaNa karatA rahA / idhara-udhara ghUmate hue isa zreSTha pITha (tIrthasthala) ko prApta huA / paryAya se jina-jina sthAnoM para satI ke aMgoM kA patana huA, yoganidrA (merI zakti satI) ke prabhAva se ve puNyatama sthala bana gye| isa kubjikApITha ( kAmAkhyA) =

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kAmAvAptivrata- kAyArohaNa meM satI ke yonimaNDala kA patana huaa| yahA~ mahAmAyA devI vilIna huI mujha parvata rUpI ziva meM devI ke vilIna hone se isa parvata kA nAma nIlavarNa huA / yaha mahAtuGga ( U~cA ) parvata pAtAla ke tala meM praveza kara " gyaa| isa tIrthasthala ke mandira meM zakti kI pUjA yonirUpa meM hotI hai| yahA~ koI devImUrti nahIM hai / yoni ke AkAra kA zilAkhaNDa hai, jisake Upara lAla raMga kI gerU ke ghola kI dhArA girAyI jAtI hai aura vaha raktavarNa ke vastra se DhakA rahatA hai| isa pITha ke sammukha pazubali bhI hotI hai / kAmAvAsithata kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ko yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| isa tithi meM mahAkAla (ziva) kA pUjana samasta manovAJchAoM ko pUrA karatA hai / kAmikAgama - zaiva AgamoM meM sabase pahalA Agama 'kAmika' hai isameM samasta zaiva pUjA paddhatiyoM kA vistRta varNana hai| kAmikAvrata - mArgazIrSa kRSNa dvitIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / isa tithi ko suvarNa athavA rajatapratimA kA jisa para cakra aMkita ho, pUjana karanA caahie| pUjana karane ke pazcAt use dAna kara denA cAhie / kAmpila - yaha sthAna badAyU~ jile meM hai| pUrvottara relave kI AgarA kAnapura lAina para kAyamagaMja relave sTezana hai| kAyamagaMja se chaH mIla dUra kAmpila taka pakkI sar3aka jAtI hai| kisI samaya kAmpila ( lya) mahAnagara thA yahA~ rAmezvaranAtha aura kAlezvaranAtha mahAdeva ke prasiddha mandira haiM aura kapila muni kI kuTI hai / jainoM ke antima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kA samavazaraNa bhI yahA~ AyA thA / yahA~ prAcIna jainamandira hai, jisameM vimalanAthajI kI tIna pratimAe~ haiN| eka jainadharmazAlA hai / caitra aura Azvina meM yahA~ melA lagatA hai / kAmpIla-yajurvedasaMhitA ke eka mantra meM 'kAmpIlavAsinI' sambhavataH rAjA kI pradhAna rAnI ko kahA gayA hai, jisakA kartavya azvamedha yajJa ke samaya mecita pazu ke pAsa sonA yA bilkula ThIka artha anizcita hai| vebara evaM jimara donoM kAmpIla eka nagara kA nAma batalAte haiM, jo para vartI sAhitya meM kAmpilya kahalAyA evaM jo madhyadeza 23 177 (Aja ke uttara pradeza) meM dakSiNa paJcAla kI rAjadhAnI thA / kAmyatIrthaM yA kAmyaka vana - kurukSetra ke sAta pavitra vanoM meM se eka / yaha sarasvatI ke taTa para sthita hai / yahIM para pANDavoM ne apane pravAsa ke kucha dina bitAye the / yahA~ vetana se gaye the| jyotisara se pehavA jAne vAlI sar3aka ke dakSiNa meM lagabhaga DhAI mIla para kamodhA grAma hai / kAmyaka kA apabhraMza hI kamodhA hai / yahA~ grAma ke pazcima meM kAmyaka tIrtha hai| sarovara ke eka ora prAcIna pakkA ghATa hai tathA bhagavAn ziva kA mandira hai / caitra zukla saptamI ko prati varSa yahA~ melA lagatA hai / kAyavyUha yogadarzana meM aneka zArIrika kriyAoM dvArA mana ko kendrita karane kA nirdeza hai| jaba yogazAstra se tantrazAstra kA mela ho gayA to isa 'kAyavyUha' (zArIrika yaugika kriyAoM) kA aura bhI vistAra huA, jisake anusAra zarIra meM aneka prakAra ke cakra Adi kalpita kiye gye| kriyAoM kA bhI adhika vistAra huA aura haThayoga kI eka svatantra zAkhA vikasita huI, jisameM naiti pIti vasti Adi paTkarma tathA nADIzodhana Adi ke sAdhana batalAye gaye haiM / kAyA (gorakhapaMtha ke mata se ) -- gorakhanAtha paMthI kA sApaka kAyA ko paramAtmA kA AvAsa mAnakara usakI upayukta sAdhanA karatA hai / kAyA usake lie vaha yantra hai, jisake dvArA vaha isI jIvana meM mokSAnubhUti kara letA hai; janmamaraNa - jIvana para pUrA adhikAra kara letA hai; jarA, maraNa, vyAdhi aura kAla para vijaya pA jAtA hai| isa uddezya kI prApti ke lie vaha pahale kAyAzodhana karatA hai| isake lie vaha yama, niyama ke sAtha haThayoga ke SaTkarma (neti, dhauti vasti, nauli, kapAlabhAti aura trATaka ) karatA hai jisase kAyA zuddha ho jaay| haThayoga para gheraNDa RSi kI likhI 'gheraNDasaMhitA' eka prAcIna grantha hai aura paramparA se isakI zikSA barAbara calI AyI hai| nAyapanthiyoM ne usI prAcIna sAtvika praNAlI kA uddhAra kiyA hai| kAyArohaNa - lATa ( gurjara ) prAnta meM eka sthAnavizeSa hai / vAyupurANa ke eka pariccheda meM lakulIza upasampradAya ( pAzupata sampradAya ke eka aGga) ke varNana meM udbhUta hai ki ziva pratyeka yuga meM avatarita hoMge aura unakA antima avatAra taba hogA jaba kRSNa vAsudeva rUpa meM avatarita

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kAtika-kArNAjini hoMge / ziva yogazakti se kAyArohaNa sthAna para eka mRtaka 21-58) ke anusAra kArtika mAsa meM mAMsa khAnevAlA zarIra meM, jo vahA~ arakSita par3A hogA, praveza kareMge tathA cANDAla ho jAtA hai / de0 'bakapaJcaka' / lakulIza nAmaka saMnyAsI ke rUpa meM prakaTa hoMge / kuzika, ziva, caNDI, sUrya tathA anyAnya devoM ke mandiroM meM gArya, mitra evaM kaurazya unake ziSya hoMge jo zarIra para kArtika mAsa meM dIpa jalAne tathA prakAza karane kI bar3I bhasma malakara pAzupata yoga kA abhyAsa kreNge| prazaMsA kI gayI hai| samasta kArtika mAsa meM bhagavAn udayapura se 14 mIla dUra sthita ekaliGgajI ke eka kezava kA muni ( agastya ) puSpoM se pUjana kiyA jAnA purAne mandira ke lekha se isa bAta kI puSTi hotI hai ki caahie| aisA karane se azvamedha yajJa kA puNya prApta hotA bhagavAn ziva bhaDauMca prAnta meM kAyArohaNa sthAna para ava- hai| de0 tithitattva 147 / / tarita hue evaM apane hAtha meM eka lakula dhAraNa kiye hue kArtikapUNimA-yaha zarada Rtu kI antima tithi hai jo the| citraprazasti meM bhI uparyukta kathAnaka prApta hotA bahuta pavitra aura puNyadAyinI mAnI jAtI hai| isa avahai ki ziva pAzupata dharma ke kar3e niyamoM ke pAlanArtha lATa sara para kaI sthAnoM para mele lagate haiN| sonapura meM hariharaprAnta ke karohana (saM0 kAyArohaNa) meM avatarita hue| kSetra kA melA tathA gar3hamuktezvara ( meraTha), vaTezvara yaha sthAna gujarAta meM Ajakala 'karajaNa' (kAyArohaNa kA (AgarA), puSkara (ajamera) Adi ke vizAla mele vikRta rUpa) kahalAtA hai / yahA~ aba bhI lakuloza kA eka isI parva para lagate haiN| vrajamaNDala aura kRSNopAsanA se mandira hai, jisameM unakI pratimA sthApita hai| prabhAvita anya pradezoM meM isa samaya rAsalIlA hotI hai / kAtika-yaha bar3A pavitra mAsa mAnA jAtA hai / yaha samasta isa tithi para kisI ko bhI binA snAna aura dAna ke tIrthoM tathA dhArmika kRtyoM se bhI pavitratara hai| isake * nahIM rahanA caahie| snAna pavitra sthAna evaM pavitra mAhAtmya ke lie dekhie skanda purANa ke vaiSNava khaNDa kA nadiyoM meM evaM dAna apanI zakti ke anusAra karanA navama adhyAya; nAradapurANa (uttarArddha), adhyAya 22; padma cAhie / na kevala brAhmaNa ko apitu nirdhana sambandhiyoM, purANa, 4.92 / bahina, bahina ke putroM, pitA kI bahinoM ke putroM, phUphA kAtikasnAnavata-sampUrNa kArtika mAsa meM gRha se bAhara Adi ko bhI dAna denA cAhie / puSkara, kurukSetra tathA kisI nadI athavA sarovara meM snAna karanA caahie| vArANasI ke tIrthasthAna isa kArtikI snAna aura dAna ke gAyatrI mantra kA japa karate hue haviSyAnna kevala eka bAra lie ati mahattvapUrNa haiN| grahaNa karanA cAhie / vratI isa vrata ke AcaraNa se varSa kArtikeyavrata--SaSThI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA bhara ke samasta pApoM se mukta ho jAtA haiN| 60 viSNu- hai| svAmI kArtikeya isake devatA haiN| de0 hemAdri, dharmottara, 81,1-4; kRtyakalpataru, 418 dvArA uddhRta; vratakhaNDa, 1.605, 606; vratakAlaviveka, pRSTha 24 / hemAdri, 2.762 / kAtikeyaSaSThI-mArgazIrSa zukla SaSThI ko isa vrata kA kArtika mAsa meM samasta tyAgane yogya vastuoM meM mAMsa anuSThAna hotA hai| isa dina suvarNamayI, rajatamayI, vizeSa rUpa se tyAjya hai| zrIdatta ke samayapradIpa (46) kASThamayI athavA mRnmayI kArtikegna kI pratimA kA pUjana tathA kRtyaratnAkara (pR0 397-399) meM uddhRta mahA hotA hai / de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 1.596-600 / bhArata ke anusAra kArtika mAsa meM mAMsabhakSaNa, vizeSa rUpa se zakla pakSa meM, tyAga dene se isakA puNya zata varSa taka kASNAjini-AcArya kAAjini ke nAma kA ullekha ke tapoM ke barAbara ho jAtA hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA brahmasUtra (3.1.9) aura mImAMsAsUtra (4.3.17; 6.7.35) gayA hai ki bhArata ke samasta mahAn rAjA, jinameM yayAti, donoM meM huA hai| ye bhI vyAsadeva aura jaimini ke pUrvarAma tathA nala kA nAma vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai, vartI AcArya haiN| inakA ullekha vyAsadeva ne apane mata kArtika mAsa meM mAMsa bhakSaNa nahIM karate the| isI kAraNa ke samarthana meM aura jaimini ne inakA khaNDana karane ke lie unako svarga kI prApti huii| nAradapurANa (uttarArddha, kiyA hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki ye vedAnta ke hI

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kArikA-kAla AcArya the| ve prAyaH vAdari ke mata ke samarthaka pratIta hote haiM / kArikA - smaraNIya chandobaddha pacoM ke saMkalana ko kArikA kahate haiN| hindU dArzanikoM ne apane darzana ke sAraviSaya ko yA to sUtroM ke rUpa meM yA kArikA ke rUpa meM apane anugAmiyoM ke lAbhArtha prastuta kiyA, tAki ve ise kaMThastha kara leN| unake anugAmiyoM ne una sUtroM yA kArikAoM ke Upara bhASya Adi likhe| udAharaNa ke lie sAMkhyadarzana para IzvarakRSNa kI 'sAMkhyakArikA' atyanta prasiddha hai, jisakA anuvAda ati prAcIna kAla meM cInI bhASA meM usa deza kI rAjAjJA se huA thA / kArikAvAkya pradIpa pANini para avalambita aneka vyAkaraNasiddhAnta granthoM meM eka kArikAvAkyapradIpa hai| isase sambandhita cAra anya TIkAgrantha vyAkaraNabhUSaNa, bhUSaNasAradarpaNa, vyAkaraNabhUSaNa sAra evaM vyAkaraNasiddhAntamaJjUSA hai 'vAkyapradIpa' vyAkaraNa kA dArzanika grantha hai| isameM bhI kArikAe~ haiM / kAriNanAtha - nAtha sampradAya meM nau nAtha mukhya kahe gaye hai: gorakhanAtha, jvAlendranAtha, kAriNanAtha Adi / kAriNanAtha unameM tIsare haiN| gorakhapaMthI kanaphaTTA yogiyoM ke antargata kAriNanAtha ke vicAroM kA samAveza hotA hai / kAruNika siddhAnta kAruNika siddhAnta ko 'kAlamukha siddhAnta' bhI kahate haiM mahIsUra (karnATaka) ke samIpa 'dakSiNa kedArezvara' kA mandira prasiddha hai| vahAM kI guruparamparA meM zrIkaNThAcArya vedAnta ke bhASyakAra hue haiM / ve AcArya rAmAnuja kI taraha viziSTAItavAdI the aura kAlamukha va 'lakulAgama samaya' sampradAya ke anu zaiva yAyI the / zrIkaNTha zivAcArya ne vAyavIya saMhitA ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahezvara apane ko umA zakti se viziSTa kara lete haiM / isa zakti meM jIva aura jagat, cit aura acit, donoM kA bIja vartamAna rahatA hai| usI zakti se bhagavAn mahezvara carAcara kI sRSTi karate haiM / isI siddhAnta ko 'zaktiviziSTAdvaita' kahate haiM, yahI kAruNika siddhAnta bhI kahalAtA hai / vIrazaiva athavA liGgAyata isa zaktiviziSTAdvaita siddhAnta ko bhI apanAte haiN| dakSiNa kA lakulIza sampradAya bhI prAcIna aura gadhIna do rUpoM meM baMTA huA hai aura kadAcit isa 179 sampradAya ke anuyAyI kAlamukha athavA kAruNika siddhAnta ko mAnate hai / phArohana- de0 'kAyArohaNa' / kAla - vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra kula nau dravya hai| inameM chaThA dravya 'kAla' hai yaha sabhI kriyA, gati evaM pari vartana ko utpanna karanevAlI zakti ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai ora isa prakAra do samayoM ke antara ko prakaTa karane kA AdhAra hai / sAtavA~ dravya dik ( dizA ) kAla ko santulita karatA hai tantramata se antarikSa meM kAla kI avasthiti hai aura isa kAla se hI jarA kI utpatti hotI hai / bhASApariccheda ke anusAra kAla ke pA~ca guNa 3 6 -- 1. saMkhyA 2 parimANa 3 pRthaktva, 4 saMyoga, 5. vibhAga / viSNupurANa (1.2.14) meM kAla ko parabrahma kA rUpa mAnA gayA hai : dvija / parasya brahmaNo rUpaM puruSaH prathamaM vyaktAvyaktaM tathaivAnye rUpe kAlastathA param // tithyAditattva meM kAla kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI huI hai : anAdinidhanaH kAlo rudraH saMkarSaNaH smRtaH / kalanAt sarvabhUtAnAM sa kAlaH parikIrtitaH // [ kAla Adi aura nidhana (vinAza ) rahita, rUdra aura saMkarSaNa kahA gayA hai| samasta bhUtoM kI phalanA ( gaNanA ) karane ke kAraNa yaha kAla aisA prasiddha hai / ] hArIta ( prathama sthAna, a0 4) ke dvArA kAla kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai : kAlastu trividho jJeyo'tIto'nAgata eva ca / vartamAnastRtIyastu vakSyAmi zRNu lakSaNam // kAla: kalayate loka kAla: kalayate jagat / kAla: kalayate vizvaM tena kAlo'bhidhIyate // kAlasya vazagAH sarve devarSisiddha kinnarAH / kAlo hi bhagavAn devaH sa sAkSAtparamezvaraH // sargapAlana saMhartA sa kAla: sarvataH samaH / kAlena kalpyate vizvaM tena kAlo'bhidhIyate // yenotpattizca jAyeta yena vai kalpyate kalA / so'ntavacca bhavetkAlo jagadutpattikArakaH // yaH karmANi prapazyeta prakarSe vartamAnake / so'pi pravartako zeyaH kAlaH syAt pratipAlaka || /

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kAlakA-kAlarAtrivata yena mRtyuvazaM yAti kRtaM yena jayaM vrajet / gayA, taba ve usa sthAna se Akara kAlakA meM sthita huii| saMhartA so'pi vijJeyaH kAlaH syAt kalanAparaH / / kAlakSepam-marAThA bhaktoM kI 'harikathA' nAmaka eka kAlaH sRjati bhUtAni kAlaH saMharate prajAH / saMsthA hai, jisameM vaktA gItoM meM upadeza detA hai tathA kAlaH svapiti jAgati kAlo hi duratikramaH // bIca-bIca meM 'jaya rAma kRSNa hari' kA ucca svara se [ kAla tIna prakAra kA jAnanA cAhie; atIta (bhUta), kIrtana karatA hai| isake sAtha vaha aneka zloka par3hatA anAgata ( bhaviSya ) aura vartamAna / isakA lakSaNa kahatA huA unakI vyAkhyA karatA hai| yahI gIta evaM gadya hU~, suno| kAla loka kI gaNanA karatA hai, kAla jagat bhASaNa kI upadeza praNAlI pUre dakSiNa bhArata meM hai / vahA~ kI gaNanA karatA hai, kAla vizva kI gaNanA karatA hai, gAyaka ko bhAgavata tathA usake gItabaddha upadeza ko isalie yaha kAla kahalAtA hai| sabhI deva, RSi, siddha 'kAlakSepam' kahate haiM / isakA zAbdika artha hai 'bhagavannAmaaura kinnara kAla ke vaza haiN| kAla svayaM hI bhagavAn kIrtana meM kAla (samaya) bitAnA / ' deva hai; vaha sAkSAt paramezvara hai| vaha sRSTi, pAlana kAlajJAnatantra-eka tantra grantha / zAkta sAhitya se sambaaura saMhAra karanevAlA hai| vaha kAla sarvatra samAna hai| ndhita isa tantra kI racanA AThavIM zatI meM huI / svargIya kAla se hI vizva kI kalpanA hotI hai, isalie vaha ma0 ma0 haraprasAda zAstrI ne isakA vistRta vizleSaNa kAla kahalAtA hai| jisase utpatti hotI hai. jisase kiyA hai| kalA kI kalpanA hotI hai, vahI jagata kI utpatti karane- kAlapI-jhA~sI se 92 mIla dUra kAlapI nagara yamunA ke vAlA kAla jagat kA anta karanevAlA bhI hotA hai / jo dakSiNa taTa para sthita hai / kAlapI meM jauMdhara nAlA ke pAsa sabhI karmoM ko bar3hate hue aura hote hue dekhatA hai, usI vedavyAsa RSi kA janmasmAraka vyAsaTIlA hai| isake kAla ko pravartaka jAnanA caahie| vahI pratipAlaka bhI pAsa hI nRsiMhaTIlA hai| yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM kA vizvAsa hotA hai / jisake dvArA kiyA huA vinAza ko prApta hotA hai ki pralayakAla Ane para jauMdhara nAle se moTI jaladhArA hai, athavA jaya ko prApta hotA hai, vahI kAla saMhartA aura nikala kara vizva ko jalamagna kara degii| yahIM kAlapriya kalanA meM saMlagna hai| kAla hI sampUrNa bhUtoM ko utpanna (kAlapI) nAtha kA sthAna hai jo tIrtharUpa meM prasiddha hai| karatA hai, kAla hI prajA kA sahAra karatA hai, kAla hI kAlabhairavASTamI-mArgazIrSa kRSNa aSTamI ko kAlabhairavAsotA aura jAgatA hai| kAla duratikrama hai arthAt usakA STamI kahate haiM / isa tithi ke kAlabhairava devatA hai, jinakA koI atikramaNa nahIM kara sakatA / ] pUjana, darzana isa dina karanA cAhie / de0 vratakoza, bhAgavata purANa ( 9.9.2 ) meM kAla mRtyu kA paryAya 316-317; varSakRtyadIpaka, 106 / mAnA gayA hai| medinIkoza meM kAla ko hI mahAkAla kAlamAdhava-mAdhavAcArya racita eka dharmazAstra sambandhI kahA gayA hai aura dIpikA meM zani / / grantha / isakA dUsarA nAma 'kAlanirNaya' hai| isa para mizrakAlakA-(1) kAlakeya nAmaka asuragaNa kI maataa| bhAgavata mohana tarkatilaka kI eka TIkA bhI hai jo saM0 1670 purANa (6.6.32) ke anusAra yaha vaizvAnara kI kanyA hai : meM likhI gayI thii| isakI kaI vyAkhyAeM upalabdha haiM / vaizvAnarasutA yAzca catasrazcArudazanAH / inameM nArAyaNa bhaTTa kA kAlanirNayasaMgraha zlokavivaraNa, upadAnavI hayazirA pulomA kAlakA tathA / / mathurAnAtha kI kAlamAdhava candrikA, rAmacandrAcArya kI yajurvedasaMhitA ke anusAra kAlakA azvamedha yajJa kA dIpikA, lakSmIdevI kI lakSmI (bhASya) Adi prasiddha hai / balipazu kahA gayA hai, jise adhikAMza uddharaNoM meM eka kAlamukhazAkhA-de0 'kAruNika siddhAnta' / prakAra kA pakSI samajhA jAtA hai| kAlarAtrivata-Azvina zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA ambAlA (paMjAba) se '40 mIla dUra kAlakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| lagabhaga sabhI vargoM ke lie sTezana hai| yahIM kAlakA devI kA mandira hai| sAta dina, tIna dina athavA zarIra kI zakti ke anusAra paramparA ke anusAra pArvatI ke zarIra se kauzikI devI kevala eka dina kA upavAsa vihita hai / pahale zrI gaNeza, ke prakaTa ho jAne para pArvatI kA zarIra zyAmavarNa ho * mAtRdevoM, skanda tathA zivajI kA pUjana hotA hai, tada

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kAlAgni-kAlikApurANa 181 nantara eka zaiva brAhmaNa athavA maga brAhmaNa yA kisI pArasI dvArA havanakuNDa meM havana karAnA caahie| ATha kanyAoM ko bhojana karAne tathA ATha hI brAhmaNoM ko nimantrita karane kA vidhAna hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaNDa, 2.326-332 (kAlikA purANa se)| kAlAgni-kAla kA vaha svarUpa, jo pralaya ke samaya samasta sRSTi kA vinAza karatA hai / yaha pralayAgni' bhI kahalAtA hai / mahAbhArata (1.54.25) meM kathana hai : brahmadaNDaM mahAghoraM kAlAgnisamatejasam / nAzayiSyAmi mAtra tvaM bhayaM kArSIH kathaJcana // paJcamukha rudrAkSa kA nAma bhI kAlAgni hai| skandapurANa meM ullekha hai : paJcavaktraH svayaM rudraH kAlAgnirnAma nAmataH / agamyAgamanAccaiva abhakSyasya ca bhakSaNAt // mucyate sarvapApebhyaH paJcavaktrasya dhAraNAt / kAlAgnirudra-jagat kA saMhAra karanevAle kAlAgni ke adhiSThAtRdeva / devIpurANa meM kAlAgnirudra kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai: kAlAgnirudrarUpo yo bahurUpasamAvRtaH / / anantapadmarUpazca dhAtA yaH kAraNezvaraH / dAruNAgnizca rudrazca yamahantA kSamAntakaH / / lohitaH krUratejAtmA ghano vRSTirbalAhakaH / vidyutazcalazIlazca prasannaH zAntasaumyadRk / / sarvajJo vividho buddho dyutimAn dIptisuprabhaH / ete rudrA mahAtmAnaH kAlikAzaktibaMhitAH / / saMharanti samantedaM brahmAdyaM sacarAcaram / kAlAgnirudropaniSad-eka zaiva sAMpradAyika upaniSad, jisameM tripuNDra dhAraNa aura rahasyamaya DhaMga se dhyAna karane kA vivaraNa prApta hotA hai| kAlASTamIvrata-mRgazirA nakSatra yukta bhAdrapada kI aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA cAhie / eka varSa paryanta yaha krama calanA cAhie / mAnyatA hai ki isa dina ziva- jI vinA nandIgaNa athavA gaNeza ke apane mandira meM virAjate haiN| vratI vibhinna vastuoM se zivajI ko snAna karAtA hai, bhinna-bhinna puSpa samarpita karatA hai tathA pratyeka mahIne meM pRthak-pRthak nAmoM se pUjana karatA hai| kAlikA-kAle (kRSNa) varNavAlI / yaha caNDikA kA hI eka rUpa hai| isake nAmakaraNa tathA svarUpa kA varNana kAlikApurANa (uttaratantra, a0 60) meM nimnAMkita prakAra se pAyA jAtA hai : sarve suragaNAH sendrAstato gatvA himAcalam / gaGgAvatAranikaTe mahAmAyAM pratuSTuvuH / / anekaH saMstutA devI tadA sarvAmarotkaraH / mAtaGgavanitAmUrtibhUtvA devAnapRcchata / yuSmAbhiramararatra stUyate kA ca bhAvinI / kimarthamAgatA yUyaM mAtaGgasyAzramaM prati // evaM bruvantyA mAtaGgayAstasyAstu kAyakoSataH / samudbhUtAbravIddevI mAM stuvanti surA iti // zumbho nizumbho hyasurau bAdhete sakalAn surAn / tasmAttayorvadhAyAhaM stUye'dya sakalaiH suraiH / / viniHsRtAyAM devyAntu mAtaGgayAH kAyatastadA / bhinnAJjananibhA kRSNA sAbhUd gaurI kSaNAdapi / kAlikAkhyA'bhavatsApi himaaclkRtaashryaa| tAmugratArAM RSayo vadantIha manISiNaH // ugrAdapi bhayAttrAti yasmAd bhaktAn sadAmbikA / / [indra ke sAtha sabhI devatAgaNa himAlaya meM gaGgAvataraNa ke pAsa mahAmAyA ko prasanna karane lge| unake dvArA stuti kiye jAne para devI ne mAtaGgavanitA kI mati dhAraNa karake devatAoM se pUchA, "tuma amaroM dvArA kisa bhAvinI kI stuti kI jA rahI hai ? kisa prayojana ke lie tuma loga mAtaGga-Azrama meM Aye ho ?" aisA bolatI huI usa mAtaGgI ke zarIra se eka devI utpanna huii| usane kahA, "devagaNa merI stuti kara rahe haiM / zumbha aura nizumbha nAmaka do asura sabhI devatAoM ko pIr3ita kara rahe haiN| isalie unake vadha ke lie samasta devatAoM dvArA merI stuti ho rahI hai|" mAtaGgI kI kAyA se usake nikala jAne para vaha ghora kAjala sadRza kRSNA (kAlI) ho gayI / vahI kAlikA kahalAyI, jo himAlaya ke Azraya meM rahane lgii| usI ko RSi loga ugratArA kahate haiN| kyoMki vaha una bhaya se bhaktoM kA sadA trANa karatI hai / ] kAlikA upapurANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM se ek| isameM devI durgA kI mahimA tathA zAktamata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kAlikApurANa-kAlikApurANa ko hI 'kAlikAtantra' bhI kahate haiN| yaha baMgAla meM pracalita zAktamata kA niyAmaka grantha hai| isameM caNDikA ko pazu athavA manuSya kI

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182 kAliMjara (kAlajara)-kAzikAvRtti bali dene kA nirdeza bhI hai| balipazaoM kI tAlikA laTakI huI, kaTi meM aneka dAnavakaroM kI karadhanI laTabahuta bar3I hai / ve hai-pakSI, kacchapa, ghar3iyAla, matsya, katI huI tathA mukta keza er3I taka laTakate hue hote haiN| vanya pazuoM ke nau prakAra, bhaiMsA, bakarA, jaMgalI sUara, yaha yuddha meM harAye gaye dAnava kA raktapAna karatI huI gaiMDA, kAlA hirana, bArahasiMgA, siMha evaM vyAghra ityaadi| dikhAyI jAtI hai| vaha eka paira apane pati ziva kI bhakta athavA sAdhaka apane zarIra ke rakta kA bhI arpaNa kara chAtI para tathA dUsarA jaMdhA para rakhakara khar3I hotI hai| sakatA hai| raktabali kA pracAra kramazaH kama hone se yaha Ajakala kAlI ko kabUtara, bakaroM, bhaiMsoM kI bali purANa bhI Ajakala bahuta lokapriya nahIM hai| dI jAtI hai / pUjA khaDga kI arcanA se prArambha hotI hai| kAliMjara (kAlaJjara)-bundelakhaNDa meM sthita eka prasiddha bahuta se sthAnoM meM kAlI aba vaiSNavI ho gayI hai / de0 zaiva tIrtha / mAnikapura-jhA~sI relave lAina para karabI 'kaalikaa'| se bIsa mIla Age baTausA sTezana hai| yahA~ se aThAraha kAlIghATa-zakti (kAlI) ke mandiroM meM dUsarA sthAna mIla dUra pahAr3I para kAliMjara kA durga hai| yahA~ nIla- kAlIghATa (kalakattA) ke kAlImandira kA hai, jabaki kaMTha kA maMdira hai / yaha purAnA zAktapITha hai / mahAbhArata ke prathama sthAna kAmarUpa ke kAmAkhyA mandira ko prApta hai| vanaparva, vAyupurANa (a0 77) aura vAmanapurANa (a0 84) yahA~ narabali dene kI prathA bhI pracalita thI, jise AdhumeM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| candela rAjAoM ke nika kAla meM niSiddha kara diyA gayA hai| samaya meM unakI tIna rAjadhAniyoM-khajUravAha (khaju- kAlItantra--'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM dI gayI tantroM kI rAho), kAlaJjara aura mahodadhi (mahobA)-meM se yaha vASa (mahAbA)-ma sa yaha sUcI ke krama meM 'kAlItantra' kA sAtavA~ sthAna hai| isameM bhI eka thaa| Aine-akabarI (bhAga 2, pR0 159) meM kAlI ke svarUpa aura pUjApaddhati kA varNana hai| isako gaganacumbI parvata para sthita prastaradurga kahA gayA kAlIvrata-kAlarAtri vrata ke hI samAna isakA anuSThAna hai| yahA~ para kaI mandira hai| eka meM prasiddha kAlabhairava hotA hai / de0 kRtyakalpataru kA vratakANDa, 263,269 / kI 18 bAlizta U~cI mUtti hai| isake sambandha meM bahuta ...kAlottaratantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI sUcI meM ullikhita sI Azcaryajanaka kahAniyA~ pracalita hai| kaI jharane aura sarovara bhI bane hue haiN| eka tantra grantha / yaha dazama zatAbdI ke pahale kI racanA hai| kAlI-zAktoM meM zakti ke ATha mAtakArUpoM ke atirikta kAzakRtsna-eka vedaantaacaary| AtmA (vyakti) evaM kAlI kI arcA kA bhI nirdeza hai / prAcIna kAla meM zakti kA brahma ke sambandhoM ke bAre meM tIna siddhAnta upasthita kiye koI vizeSa nAma na lekara devI yA bhavAnI ke nAma se gaye haiN| prathama Azmarathya kA siddhAnta hai, jisake anusAra pUjA hotI thii| bhavAnI se zItalA kA bhI bodha hotA AtmA na to bilkula brahma se bhinna haiM aura na abhinna hii| thaa| dhIre-dhIre vikAsa hone para kisI na kisI kArya dUsarA auDulomi kA siddhAnta hai, jisake anusAra mukti kA sambandha kisI vizeSa devatA yA devI se sthApita hone ke pUrva AtmA brahma se bilkula bhinna hai| tIsarA kaashlgaa| kAlI kI pUjA bhI isI vikAsakrama meM prArambha kRtsna kA siddhAnta hai jisake anusAra AtmA bilkula huii| tripurA evaM caTagAMva ke nivAsI kAlA bakarA, brahA se abhinna hai| kAzakRtsna advaitamata kA siddhAnta cAvala, kelA tathA dUsare phala kAlI ko arpaNa karate haiN| upasthita karate haiN| udhara kAlI kI pratimA nahIM hotI, kevala miTTI kA eka kAzikAvRtti-pANini ke aSTAdhyAyIsthita sUtroM kI gola muNDAkAra piNDa banAkara sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| vyAkhyA / pataJjali ke mahAbhASya ke pazcAt vAmana aura __ mandira meM kAlI kA pratinidhitva strI-devI kI pratimA jayAditya kI 'kAzikAvRtti' kA acchA pracAra huaa| se kiyA jAtA hai, jisakI cAra bhujAoM meM, eka meM khaDga, haridatta ne 'padamaJjarI' nAmaka kAzikAvRtti kI TIkA dUsarI meM dAnava kA sira, tIsarI varada mudrA meM evaM caturtha bhI likhI hai / mahAbhASya ke samAna kAzikAvRtti se bhI abhaya mudrA meM phailI huI rahatI hai| kAnoM meM do mRtakoM sAmAjika jIvana para AnuSaMgika prakAza par3atA hai| isakA ke kuNDala, gale meM muNDamAlA, jihvA ThuDDI taka bAhara racanAkAla pAMcavIM zatAbdI ke samIpa hai|

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kAzI 183 kAzI-saMsAra ke itihAsa meM jitanI adhika prAkkAlikatA, nairantarya aura lokapriyatA kAzI ko prApta hai utanI kisI bhI nagara ko nahIM / yaha lagabhaga 3000 varSoM se bhArata ke hinduoM kA pavitra tIrthasthAna tathA usakI sampUrNa dhArmika bhAvanAoM kA kendra rahI hai / yaha paramparAgatadhArmika pavitratA tathA zikSA kA kendra hai| hindUdharma kI vicitra viSamatA, saMkIrNatA tathA nAnAtva aura antavirodhoM ke bIca yaha eka sUkSma zRMkhalA hai jo sabako samanvita karatI hai| kevala sanAtanI hinduoM ke lie hI nahIM, bauddhoM aura jainoM ke lie bhI yaha sthAna bar3e mahattva kA hai| bhagavAna buddha ne bodhagayA meM jJAna prApta hone para sarvaprathama yahIM usakA upadeza kiyA thaa| jainiyoM ke tIna tIrthaMkaroM kA janma yahIM huA thaa| ise vArANasI athavA banArasa bhI kahA jAtA hai| pichale saikar3oM varSoM se isake mAhAtmya para vipula sAhitya kI sarjanA huI hai / purANoM meM isakA bahuta vistRta vivaraNa milatA hai / purAkhyAnoM se patA calatA hai ki kAzI prAcIna kAla se hI eka rAjya rahA jisakI rAjadhAnI vArANasI thii| purANoM ke anusAra aila (candravaMza) ke kSatravRddha nAmaka rAjA ne kAzIrAjya kI sthApanA kii| upaniSadoM meM yahA~ ke rAjA ajAtazatru kA ullekha hai, jo brahmavidyA aura agnividyA kA prakANDa vidvAn thaa| mahAbhArata ke ke anasAra ati prAcIna kAla meM kAzI meM dhanvantari ke pautra divodAsa ne AkrAmaka bhadrazreNya ke 100 putroM ko mAra DAlA aura vArANasI para adhikAra kara liyA / isase kruddha hokara bhagavAn ziva ne apane gaNa nikumbha ko bhejakara usakA vinAza karavA diyaa| hajAroM varSoM taka kAzI khaNDahara ke rUpa meM par3I rhii|| taduparAnta bhagavAn ziva svayaM Akara kAzI meM nivAsa karane lge| taba se isakI pavitratA aura bar3ha gyii| bauddhadharma ke granthoM se patA calatA hai ki kAzI baddha ke yuga meM rAjagRha, zrAvastI tathA kauzAmbI kI taraha eka bar3A nagara thaa| vaha rAjya bhI thaa| usa yuga meM yahA~ vaidika dharma kA pavitra tIrthasthAna tathA zikSA kA kendra bhI thaa| kAzIkhaNDa (26.34 ) aura brahmapurANa ke (207) ke anusAra vArANasI zatAbdiyoM taka pA~ca nAmoM se jAnI jAtI rahI hai| ve nAma haiM-vArANasI, kAzI, avimukta, AnandakAnana aura zmazAna athavA mhaashmshaan| pinAkapANi zambha ne ise sarvaprathama AnandakAnana aura tadanantara avimukta kahA (skanda0, kAzI0, 26.34) / kAzI 'kAz' dhAtu se niSpanna hai / 'kAz' kA artha hai jyotita honA athavA karanA / isakA nAma kAzI isalie hai ki yaha manuSya ke nirvANapatha ko prakAzita karatI hai, athavA bhagavAn ziva kI paramasattA yahA~ prakAza karatI hai (skanda0, kAzI 26.67) / brahma0 (33.49) aura kUrma purANa (1.31.63) ke anusAra varaNA aura asI nadiyoM ke bIca sthita hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma vArANasI pdd'aa| jAbAlopaniSad meM kucha viparIta mata milate haiN| vahA~ avimukta, varaNA aura nAsI kA alaulika prayoga hai| avimukta ko varaNA aura nAsI ke madhya sthita batAyA gayA hai / varaNA ko truTiyoM kA nAza karane vAlI tathA nAsI ko pApoM kA nAza karanevAlI batAyA gayA hai aura isa prakAra kAzI pApa se mukta karane vAlI nagarI hai| liGgapurANa (pUrvArdha, 92.143) ke anusAra 'avi' kA artha pApa hai aura kAzI nagarI pApoM se mukta hai isalie isakA nAma 'avimukta' par3A hai / kAzIkhaNDa (32.111) tathA liGgapurANa (1.91.76) ke anusAra bhagavAn zaMkara ko kAzI (vArANasI) atyanta priya hai isalie unhoMne ise AnandakAnana nAma se abhihita kiyA hai| kAzI kA antima nAma zmazAna' athavA mahAzmazAna isalie hai ki vaha nidhanoparAnta manuSya ko saMsAra ke bandhanoM se mukta karane vAlI hai| vastutaH zmazAna (pretabhUmi ) zabda azuddhi kA dyotaka hai, kintu kAzI ko zmazAnabhUmi ko saMsAra meM sarvAdhika pavitra mAnA gayA hai| dUsarI tAta yaha hai ki 'zma' kA tAtparya hai 'zava' aura 'zAna' kA tAtparya hai 'leTanA' (skanda0, kAzI0 30, 103.4) / pralaya hone para mahAn AtmA yahA~ zava yA preta ke rUpa meM nivAsa karate haiM, isalie isakA nAma mahAzmazAna hai| padmapurANa (133. 14) ke anusAra bhagavAn zaGkara svayaM kahate haiM ki avimukta prasiddha pratabhUmi hai| saMhAraka ke rUpa meM yahA~ rahakara maiM saMsAra kA vinAza karatA huuN| yadyapi sAmAnya rUpa se kAzI, vArANasI aura avimukta tInoM kA prayoga samAna artha meM hI kiyA gayA hai, kintu purANoM meM kucha sImA taka inake sthAnIya kSetravistAra meM antara kA bhI nirdeza hai| vArANasI uttara se dakSiNa taka varaNA aura asI se ghirI huI hai| isake pUrva meM gaGgA

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184 kAzI tathA pazcima meM vinAyakatIrtha hai| isakA vistAra dhanuSA- 118) aura kAzI kI tilamAtra bhUmi bhI zivaliGga se kAra hai, jisakA gaGgA anugamana karatI hai| matsyapurANa achUtI nahIM hai| jaise kAzIkhaNDa ke dasaveM adhyAya meM (184.50-52) ke anusAra isakA kSetravistAra DhAI hI 64 liGgoM kA varNana hai| hvenasAMga ke anusAra usake yojana pUrva se pazcima aura arddha yojana uttara se dakSiNa hai| samaya meM kAzI meM sau mandira the aura eka mandira meM isakA prathama vRtta sampUrNa kAzIkSetra kA sUcaka hai| padma- bhagavAn mahezvara kI 100 phuTa U~cI tA~be kI mUrti thii| purANa (pAtAlakhaNDa) ke anusAra yaha eka vRtta se ghirI huI kintu durbhAgyavaza vidharmiyoM dvArA kAzI ke sahasroM hai, jisakI trijyApaMkti madhyamezvara se Arambha hokara dehalI- mandira vidhvasta kara diye gaye aura unake sthAna para vinAyaka taka jAtI hai| yaha dUrI do yojana taka hai masjidoM kA nirmANa kiyA gyaa| auraMgajeba ne to kAzI (matsyapurANa, adhyAya 181.61-62) / kA nAma muhammadAbAda rakha diyA thA / parantu yaha nAma avimukta usa pavitra sthala ko kahate hai, jo 200 calA nahIM aura kAzI meM mandira phira banane lge| dhanuSa vyAsArdha (800 hAtha yA 1200 phuTa) meM vizve- bhagavAn vizvanAtha kAzI ke rakSaka haiM aura unakA zvara ke mandira ke caturdik vistRta hai| kAzIkhaNDa meM mandira sarvapramukha hai| aisA vidhAna hai ki pratyeka kAzIavimukta ko paMcakoza taka vistRta batAyA gayA hai| para vAsI ko nitya gaGgAsnAna karake vizvanAtha kA darzana vahA~ yaha zabda kAzI ke lie prayukta huA hai| pavitra karanA caahie| para auraMgajeba ke bAda lagabhaga 100 varSoM kAzIkSetra kA sampUrNa antarvRtta pazcima meM gokarNeza se taka yaha vyavasthA nahIM rahI / zivaliGga ko tIrthayAtriyoM lekara pUrva meM gaGgA kI madhyadhArA tathA uttara meM bhArabhUta ke suvidhAnusAra yatra-tatra sthAnAntarita kiyA jAtA rahA se dakSiNa meM brahmeza taka vistRta hai| (tristhalIsetu, pR0 208) / vartamAna mandira aThArahavIM __kAzI kA dhArmika mAhAtmya bahuta adhika hai| mahA zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM rAnI ahalyAbAI holkara bhArata (vanaparva 84.79.80) ke anusAra brahmahatyA kA apa dvArA nirmita huaa| aspRzyatA kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, rAdhI avimukta meM praveza karake bhagavAna vizvezvara kI mati tristhalIsetu (pRSTha 183) ke anusAra antyajoM (aspRzyoM) kA darzana karane mAtra se hI pApamukta ho jAtA hai aura . ke dvArA liGgasparza kiye jAne meM koI doSa nahIM hai, yadi vahA~ mRtyu ko prApta hotA hai to use mokSa milatA kyoMki vizvanAthajI pratidina prAtaH brahmavelA meM mnnihai| avimukta meM praveza karate hI sabhI prakAra ke prANiyoM kaNikA ghATa para gaGgAsnAna karake prANiyoM dvArA grahaNa ke pUrvajanmoM ke hajAroM pApa kSaNamAtra meM naSTa ho jAte hai| dharma meM Asakti rakhane vAlA vyakti kAzI meM mRtyu hone kAzI meM vizvanAtha ke pUjanoparAnta tIrthayAtrI ko para punaH saMsAra ko nahIM dekhatA / saMsAra meM yoga ke dvArA pA~ca avAntara tIrthoM-dazAzvamedha, lolArka, kezava, mokSa (nirvANa) kI prApti nahIM ho sakatI, kintu avi- bindumAdhava tathA maNikarNikA kA bhI paribhramaNa karanA mukta meM yogI ko mokSa siddha ho jAtA hai (matsya0 185. Avazyaka hai (mtsy0)| Adhunika kAla meM kAzI ke avaa15-16)| kucha sthaloM para vArANasI tathA vahA~ kI ntara pA~ca tIrtha 'paJcatIrthI' ke nAma se abhihita kiye nadiyoM ke sambandha meM rahasyAtmaka saMketa bhI milate haiN| jAte haiM aura ve haiM gaGgA-asI-saMgama, dazAzvamedha ghATa, udAharaNArtha, kAzIkhaNDa meM asI ko 'iDA', varaNA ko / maNikarNikA, paJcagaGgA tathA varaNAsaMgama / lolArka tIrtha 'piGgalA', avimukta ko 'suSumnA' tathA ina tInoM ke sammi- asIsaMgama ke pAsa vArANasI kI dakSiNI sImA para sthita lita svarUpa ko kAzI kahA gayA hai (skanda, kAzIkhaNDa hai| vArANasI ke pAsa gaGgA kI dhArA to tIvra hai aura 515) / parantu liMgapurANa kA isase bhinna mata hai| vahA~ vaha sIdhe uttara kI ora bahatI hai, isalie yahA~ isakI pavitratA kA aura bhI adhika mAhAtmya hai| dazAzvamedha suSumnA kahA gayA hai| ghATa to zatAbdiyoM se apanI pavitratA ke lie khyAtilabdha purANoM meM kahA gayA hai ki kAzIkSetra ke eka-eka hai| kAzIkhaNDa (adhyAya 52, 56, 68) ke anusAra paga meM eka-eka tIrtha kI pavitratA hai (skanda, kAzI0 59, dazAzvamedha kA pUrva nAma 'rudrasara' hai| kintu jaba brahmA

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kAzI ne yahA~ dasa azvamedha yajJa kiye, usakA nAma dazAzvamedha par3a gyaa| maNikarNikA ( muktikSetra) kAzI kA sarvAdhika pavitra tIrtha tathA vArANasI ke dhArmika jIvanakrama kA kendra hai / isake Arambha ke sambandha meM eka rocaka kathA hai : viSNu ne apane cintana se yahA~ eka puSkariNI kA nirmANa kiyA aura lagabhaga pacAsa hajAra varSoM taka ve yahA~ ghora tapasyA karate rhe| isase zaGkara prasanna hue aura unhoMne viSNu ke sira ko sparza kiyA aura unakA eka maNijaTita karNabhUSaNa setu ke nIce jala meM gira pdd'aa| tabhI se isa sthala ko 'maNikarNikA' kahA jAne lagA / kAzIkhaNDa ke anusAra nidhana ke samaya yahA~ sajjana puruSoM ke kAna meM bhagavAn zaGkara 'tAraka mantra' pheMkate haiM / isalie yahA~ sthita zivamandira kA nAma 'tArakezvara' hai / yahA~ paJcagaGgA ghATa bhI hai| ise paJcagaGgA pATa isa lie kahA jAtA hai ki purANoM ke anusAra yahA~ kiraNA, dhUtapApA, gaGgA, yamunA tathA sarasvatI kA pavitra sammelana huA hai, yadyapi inameM se prathama do aba adRzya haiN| kAzIkhaNDa (59.118-133) ke anusAra jo vyakti isa paJcanadasaMgama sthala para snAna karatA hai vaha isa pAJcabhautika padArthoM se yukta martyaloka meM punaH nahIM aataa| yaha pA~ca nadiyoM kA saMgama vibhinna yugoM meM vibhinna nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA thA / satyayuga meM dharmamaya, tretA se dhUtapAtaka, dvApara meM bindutIrtha tathA kaliyuga meM isakA nAma 'paJcanada' par3A hai| kAzI meM tIrthayAtrI ke lie paJcakozI kI yAtrA bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa kArya hai paJcakozI mArga kI lambAI lagabhaga 50 mIla hai aura isa mArga para saikar3oM mandira hai| maNikarNikA kendra se yAtrI vArANasI kI avRttAkAra meM parikramA karatA hai jisakA arddhavyAsa paMcakroza hai, isIlie ise 'paMcakrozI' kahate haiM ( kAzIkhaNDa, adhyAya 26, zloka 80 aura 114 tathA adhyAya 55 - 44 ) / isake anusAra yAtrI maNikaNikA ghATa se gaMgA ke kinAre kinAre calanA Arambha karake assIghATa ke pAsa maNikaNikA se 6 mIla dUra khANDava ( kaMdavA ) nAmaka gA~va meM rukatA hai vahA~ se dUsare dina dhUpacaNDI ke lie (10 mIla) prasthAna karatA hai / vahA~ dhUpacaNDI devI kA mandira hai / tIsare dina vaha 14 mIla kI yAtrA para rAmezvara 24 185 nAmaka gA~va ke lie prasthAna karatA hai| cauthe dina vahA~ se 8 mIla dUra zivapura pahu~catA hai aura pA~caveM dina vahA~ se 6 mIla dUra kapiladhArA jAtA hai aura vahA~ pitaroM kA zrAddha karatA hai| chaThe dina vaha kapiladhArA se varaNAsaMgama hote hue lagabhaga 6 mIla kI yAtrA karake maNikarNikA A jAtA hai| kapiladhArA se maNikarNikA taka yaha ya (devAsa) bikheratA huA AtA hai taduparAnta vaha gaGgAsnAna karake purohitoM ko dakSiNA detA hai| phira sAkSIvinAyaka ke mandira meM jAkara apanI paJcakrozI yAtrA kI pUrti kI sAkSI detA hai / isake atirikta kAzI ke kucha anya tIrtha bhI pramukha haiM / inameM jJAnavApI kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / yahA~ bhagavAn ziva ne zItala jala meM snAna karake yaha vara diyA thA ki yaha tIrtha anya tIrthoM se uccatara koTi kA hogA / isake atirikta durgAkuNDa para eka vizAla durgAmandira bhI hai| kAzIkhaNDa (zloka 37, 65) meM isase sambaddha durgAstotra kA bhI ullekha hai / vizvezvaramandira se eka mIla uttara bhairavanAtha kA mandira hai / inako kAzI kA kotavAla kahA gayA hai| inakA vAhana kuttA hai| sAtha hI gaNezajI ke mandira to kAzI meM ananta haiM / tristhalI setu ( pR0 98 - 100 ) se yaha patA calatA hai ki kAzI meM praveza karane mAtra se hI isa jIvana ke pApoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai aura vividha pavitra sthaloM para snAna karane se pUrva janmoM ke pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM / kucha purANoM anusAra kAzI meM rahakara tanika bhI pApa nahIM karanA cAhie, kyoMki isake lie bar3e hI kaThora daNDa kA vidhAna hai| tIrthasthAna hone ke kAraNa yahA~ pUrvajoM athavA pitaroM kA zrAddha aura piNDadAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu tapasviyoM dvArA kAzI meM maThoM kA nirmANa adhika prazaMsanIya hai / sAtha hI yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki pratyeka kAzIvAsI ko pratidina maNikarNikA ghATa para gaGgA snAna karake vizvezvara kA darzana karanA caahie| tristhalI setu ( pR0 168 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki kisI anya sthala para kiye gaye pApa kAzI Ane para naSTa ho jAte haiM / kintu kAzI meM kiye gaye pApa dAruNa yAtanAdAyaka hote haiM / jo kAzI meM rahakara pApa karatA hai vaha pizAca ho jAtA hai / vahA~ isa avasthA meM sahasroM varSoM taka rahakara paramajJAna ko prApta hotA hai, taduparAnta use mokSa

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186 kAzIkhaNDa-kAzya milatA hai / kAzI meM rahakara jo pApa karate haiM unheM yama- hotI hai, buddhi kA vikAsa hotA hai aura bahudarzitA AtI yAtanA nahIM sahanI par3atI, cAhe ve kAzI meM mareM yA hai| isalie tIrthayAtrAoM ko hindU dharma puNyadAyaka anyatra / jo kAzI meM rahakara pApa karate haiM ve kAlabhairava mAnatA hai / tIrthoM meM satsaGga aura anubhava se jJAna bar3hatA dvArA daNDita hote haiM / jo kAzI meM pApa karake kahIM anyatra hai aura pApoM se bacane kI bhAvanA utpanna hotI hai| marate haiM ve rAma nAmaka ziva ke gaNa dvArA sarvaprathama 'kAzIkhaNDa' meM kAzI ke bahusaMkhyaka tIrthI aura unake yAtanA sahate haiM, tatpazcAt ve kAlabhairava dvArA diye gaye itihAsa evaM mAhAtmya kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| daNDa ko sahasroM varSoM taka bhogate haiN| phira ve nazvara kAzIkhaNDa vAstava meM kAzIpradarzikA hai| mAnavayoni meM praviSTa hote haiM aura kAzI meM marakara kAzImokSanirNaya-maNDana mizra ne isa grantha kA praNayana nirvANa (mokSa yA saMsAra se mukti) pAte haiN| saMnyAsa grahaNa karane ke pUrva kiyA thaa| kAzI meM nivAsa skandapurANa ke kAzIkhaNDa (85, 112-113) meM yaha karane se mokSa kaise prApta hotA hai, isakA isameM yuktiyukta ullekha hai ki kAzI se kucha uttara meM sthita dharmakSetra (sAra- vivecana hai| nAtha) viSNu kA nivAsasthAna hai, jahA~ unhoMne buddha kA rUpa kAzIvizvanAtha-kAzI ko vizvanAtha (ziva) kI nagarI dhAraNa kiyA thaa| yAtriyoM ke lie sAmAnya niyama yaha kahA gayA hai| yahA~ para zivaliGgamati kI arcA pracalita hai ki unheM ATha mAsa taka saMyata hokara sthAna-sthAna para hai / mandira ke garbha bhAga meM praveza kara darzana karate haiM aura bhramaNa karanA caahie| phira do yA cAra mAsa taka eka kAzIvizvanAtha ke liGga kA pUjana bhI karate haiM, bilvasthAna para nivAsa karanA caahie| kintu kAzI meM praviSTa patra-puSpAdi car3hAte haiN| kAzI kA vizvanAthamandira uttara hone para vahA~ se bAhara bhramaNa nahIM honA cAhie aura bhArata ke zaiva mandiroM meM sarvocca sthAna rakhatA hai / isakA kAzI chor3anA hI nahIM cAhie, kyoMki vahA~ mokSa prApti nirmANa aThArahavIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM mahArAnI nizcita hai| ahalyAbAI holkara ne karAyA thaa| isake zikhara para lagA bhagavAna ziva ke zraddhAla bhakta ke lie mahAna vipattiyoM huA sonA mahArAja raNajItasiMha dvArA pradatta hai| meM bhI unake caraNoM ke jala ke atirikta kahIM anyatra sthAna kAzmIraka sadAnandayati-'advaitabrahmasiddhi' nAmaka prakaraNanahIM hai| bAhyAbhyantara asAdhya roga bhI bhagavAn zaGkara grantha ke praNetA / inakA jIvanakAla satrahavIM zatAbdI hai / kI pratimA para par3e jala ke AsthApUrNa sparza se dUra ho inake nAma ke sAtha 'kAzmIraka' zabda kA vyavahAra hone se jAte haiM (kAzIkhaNDa, 67, 72-83) / de0 'avimukta' / jAna par3atA hai ki ye kazmIra dezIya the / inakI 'advaitabrahmakAzIkhaNDa-skandapurANa kA eka bhAga, jisameM tIrtha ke siddhi' advaitamata kA eka prAmANika grantha hai / isameM pratitIna prakAra kahe gaye haiM-(1) jaGgama, (2) mAnasa aura bimbavAda evaM avacchinnavAda sambandhI matabhedoM kI vizeSa (3) sthAvara / pavitrasvabhAva, sarvakAmaprada brAhmaNa aura vivecanA meM na par3akara 'ekabrahmavAda' ko hI vedAnta kA gau jaGgama tIrtha haiM / satya, kSamA, zama, dama, dayA, dAna, mukhya siddhAnta batAyA gayA hai| jaba taka pravala sAdhanA ke Arjava, santoSa, brahmacarya, jJAna, dhairya, tapasyA Adi mAnasa dvArA jijJAsu aikAtmya kA anubhava nahIM kara letA tabhI tIrtha haiN| gaGgAdi nadI, pavitra sarovara, akSaya vaTAdi taka vaha isa vAgjAla meM phaMsA rahatA hai| anyathA 'jJAte pavitra vRkSa, giri, kAnana, samudra, kAzI Adi purI dvaitaM na vidyate' (jJAna hone para dvaita samApta ho jAtA hai)| sthAvara tIrtha haiN| padmapurANa meM isa dharatI para sAr3he tIna kAzya-ujjayinInivAsI eka vidvAn kulAcArya (adhyAkaror3a tIrthoM kA ullekha hai| jahA~ kahIM koI mahAtmA paka), jo balarAma aura kRSNa ke guru hue| inake pitA prakaTa ho cuke haiM, yA jahA~ kahIM kisI devI yA devatA ne saMdIpana aura pUrvanivAsa kAzI rahA hogA : lIlA kI hai, usI sthAna ko hinduoM ne tIrtha mAna liyA atho gurukule vAsamicchantAvupajagmatuH / hai| bhAratabhUmi meM isa prakAra ke asaMkhya sthAna haiN| kAzyaM sAndIpini nAma havantIpuravAsinam / / tIrthATana karane tathA deza meM ghUmane se AtmA kI unnati (bhAgavata pu0, 10.45.31)

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kAzyapa-kIrtanIya kAzyapa -- eka prAcIna vedAntAcArya prAcIna kAla meM kAzyapa kA bhI eka sUtragrantha thA / zANDilya ne apane sUtragrantha meM kAzyapa tathA vAdarAyaNa ke mata kA ullekha karake apanA siddhAnta sthApita kiyA hai| unake mata meM kAzyapa bhedavAdI tathA bAdarAyaNa abhedavAdI the / zukla yajurveda ke prAtizAkhyasUtra meM kAzyapa kA ullekha hai / kAtyAyana ke vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya meM kAzyapa kA zikSA (vedAGga) ke pUrvAcArya ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / kAzyapa mAnuSI buddha ke eka avatAra bhI mAne jAte haiM / kinArAma bAbA mahAtmA kinArAma kA janma banArasa jile ke kSatriya kula meM vikrama saM0 1758 ke lagabhaga huA dvirAgamana ke pUrva hI patnI kA dehAnta ho gayA / usake kucha dina bAda udAsa hokara ghara se nikala gaye aura gAjIpura jile ke kAro nAmaka gA~va ke saMyogI vaiSNava mahAtmA zivAdAsa kAyastha kI sevA-Tahala meM rahane lage aura kucha dinoM ke bAda unhIM ke ziSya ho gaye / kucha varSa gurusevA karake unhoMne giranAra parvata kI yAtrA kii| vahA~ bhagavAn dattAtreya kA darzana kiyA aura unase avadhUta vRtti kI zikSA lekara unakI AjJA se kAzI lautte| yahAM unhoMne bAbA kAlUrAma adhorapanthI se adhora mata kA upadeza liyaa| de0 'aghora mata' athavA 'kApA'lika' vaiSNava bhAgavata aura phira aghorapanthI hokara kinArAma ne upAsanA kA eka adbhuta sammizraNa kiyaa| vaiSNava rIti se ye rAmopAsaka hue aura aghora pantha kI rIti se madyamAMsAdi ke sevana meM inheM koI Apatti na huii| sAtha hI inake samakSa jAti-pAMti kA koI bhedabhAva na thA / inakA pantha alaga hI cala pdd'aa| inake ziSya hindU-musalamAna sabhI hue / --- jIvana meM apane donoM guruoM kI maryAdA nivAhane ke lie inhoMne vaiSNava mata ke cAra sthAna mAruphapura, nayI DIha, parAnApura aura mahUpura meM aura aghora mata ke cAra sthAna rAmagar3ha (banArasa) devala (gAjIpura), hariharapura (jaunapura) aura kRmikuNDa (kAzI) meM sthApita kiye| ye maTha aba taka cala rahe haiM / inhoMne bhadainI meM kRmikuNDa para svayaM rahanA Arambha kiyaa| kAzI meM aba bhI inakI pradhAna gaddI kRmikuNDa para hai| inake anuyAyI sabhI jAti ke loga haiM / rAmAvatAra kI upAsanA inakI vizeSatA hai / 187 ye tIrthayAtrA Adi mAnate haiM, inheM aughar3a bhI kahate haiM / ye devatAoM kI mUrti kI pUjA nahIM krte| apane zavoM ko samAdhi dete haiM, jalAte nahIM / kinArAma bAbA ne saMvat 1800 vi0 me 142 varSa kI avasthA meM samAdhi lii| kinArAmI ( aghorapanthI ) - de0 'kinArAma' / kimicchAvata- mArkaNDeya purANa ke anusAra isa vrata meM atithi se pUchA jAtA hai ki vaha kyA cAhatA hai ? isake viSaya meM karandhama ke putra avIkSita kI eka kathA AtI hai, jisake anusAra usakI mAtA ne isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA thA tathA usane apanI mAtA ko sarvadA isa vrata kA AcaraNa karane kA vacana diyA thaa| avIkSita ne ghoSaNA kI thI : zRNvantu me'cinaH sarve pratijJAtaM mayA sadA / kimicchaya dadAmyeSa kriyamANe kimiccha ke || ( mArkaNDeya purANa, 122.20 ) [mere saba yAcaka suna leM, kimicchaka vrata karate hue maiMne pratijJA kI hai - Apa kyA cAhate haiM, meM vahI dAna karU~gA / ] kiraNa - raudrika AgamoM meM se yaha eka Agama hai / 'kiraNAgama' kI sabase purAnI hastalikhita prati 924 I0 (haraprasAda zAstrI, 2, 124 ) kI upalabdha hai / kiraNAvalI-vaizeSika darzana ke granthalekhaka AcAryoM meM udayana kA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| unakA vaizeSika mata para pahalA grantha hai 'kiraNAvalI', jo prazastapAda ke bhASya kA vyAkhyAna hai | yaha dazama zatAbdI kI racanA hai / kiraNAvalIprakAza vardhamAna upAdhyAya dvArA racita dvAdaza zatAbdI kA yaha grantha udayana kRta 'kiraNAvalI' ko vyAkhyA hai | kIrtana sohilA - sikkhoM kI eka prArthanApustaka / sikkhoM kI mUla prArthanApustikA kA nAma 'paJjagranthI' hai| isake pA~ca bhAga hai - (1) japajI, (2) rahirAma, (3) kIrtana sohilA, (4) sukhamanI aura (5) AsA do vAra / inameM se prathama tInoM kA khAlasA sikkhoM ko nitya pATha karanA caahie| kIrtanIya caitanya sampradAya meM sAmUhika kIrtana ke pramukha ko kIrtanIya kahate haiM / isa sampradAya ke mandiroM meM prAyaH rAdhA-kRSNa kI mUrtiyoM ke sAtha hI caitanya, advaita evaM nityAnanda kI mUrtiyAM bhI sthApita rahatI haiN| kevala

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188 kItivrata-kutsa caitanya mahAprabhu kI hI mUrti kisI-kisI mandira meM pAyI yaha kazmIra meM upajatI hai, ataH durlabhatA ke kAraNa jAtI hai| pUjA meM pradhAnatA saMkIrtana kI rahatI hai| isake sthAna para rolI kA upayoga hotA hai isalie aba 'kIrtanIya' (pradhAna saMkIrtaka) tathA usake dala vAle jaga- rolI hI kuMkuma nAma se pracalita hai| rolI haladI se mohana (pradhAna mandira ke sAmane ke bhAga) meM baiThate haiM tathA banatI hai ataH yaha bhI mAMgalika pratIka hai, jo smArtoM ke jhAla evaM mRdaMga bajAkara kIrtana karate haiN| kIrtanIya dvArA devI kI pUjA meM yantra (devI kI pratimAsUcaka vastu) bIca-bIca meM Atmavibhora ho nAca bhI uThatA hai| eka para car3hAyA jAtA hai| yA adhika bAra 'gauracandrikA' ke gAyana kA niyama hai| kukkuTI-markaTIvrata-bhAdra zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA kIrtivata-yaha saMvatsaravata hai| isameM vratI pIpala vRkSa, anuSThAna hotA hai / pratyeka saptamI ko vrata karate hue eka sUrya tathA gaGgA ko praNAma karatA hai, indriyoM kA nigraha varSa taka yaha krama calAnA cAhie / saptamI cAhe kRSNakara eka sthAna para nivAsa karatA hai, kevala madhyAhna meM pakSIya ho yA zuklapakSIya / aSTamI ke dina tila, cAvala eka bAra bhojana karatA hai| isa prakAra kA AcaraNa eka (gur3a se yukta) brAhmaNa ko dAna meM denA cAhie / eka vRtta varSa taka kiyA jAtA hai / vrata kI samApti ke pazcAt vratI meM bhagavAn ziva tathA ambikA kI AkRtiyA~ banAkara kisI acche sapatnIka brAhmaNa kA pUjana karatA hai tathA unakA pUjana kreN| 'tithitatva' (pR. 37) meM ise use tIna gauoM ke sAtha eka suvarNavRkSa dAna meM detA hai| kukkuTIvrata kahA gayA hai| vrata karane vAle ko jIvana isa vrata ke AcaraNa se manuSya yaza tathA bhUmi prApta paryanta bhujA meM suvarNa athavA rajatatAra se yukta sUta ke dhAge karatA hai| bA~dhe rahanA caahie| kathA hai ki eka rAnI tathA rAja purohita kI patnI markaTI arthAt vAnarI tathA kukkuTI kIrtisaMkrAntivrata-saMkrAnti ke dina dharAtala para sUrya kI arthAt murgI ho gayI thIM, kyoMki ve isa dhAge ko bA~dhanA AkRti khIMcakara usa para sUrya kI pratimA sthApita karake bhUla gayI thiiN| isa kathA kA varNana kRSNa ne yudhiSThira se pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / eka varSa paryanta yaha anuSThAna honA kiyA hai| caahie| isake phalasvarUpa manuSya ko yaza, dIrghAyu, rAjya kukkuTezvaratantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM likhita tantroM tathA svAsthya kI prApti hotI hai| kI sUcI meM solahavA~ sthAna 'kukkuTezvara tantra' ko kolaka-kisI anuSThAna meM mukhya mantra ke pUrva jo pATha kiyA jAtA hai usako kIlaka kahate haiN| isakA zAbdika artha kuNDaliyA-(giridhara kavirAya kRta) naitika upadezoM se hai 'kIla ThoMka kara dRr3hatA se gAr3anA' / kIla dRr3hatA kA bharI evaM sAmAjika upayogitApUrNa kuNDaliyoM kI racanA, pratIka hai / kIlakastotra kA udAharaNa durgAsaptazatI meM dekhA jo aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke eka sudhAravAdI hindI kavi jA sakatA hai, jisameM caNDIpATha ke pUrva kucha anya giridhara kavirAya ne kI hai| hindI noti sAhitya meM pavitra stotra par3he jAte haiM, jaise kavaca, kolaka evaM argalA giridhara kavirAya kI kuNDaliyA~ bahuta prasiddha haiN| stotra jo mArkaNDeya evaM varAha purANa ke uddharaNa haiN| kuNDikopaniSad-tyAga-vairAgya pratipAdaka eka upaniSad / kIlAla-Rgveda ke sivA anya saMhitAoM meM 'kIlAla' saMnyAsa dharma kI nidarzaka upaniSadoM meM yaha pramukha mAnI zabda kA prayoga 'mIThe peya' artha meM haA hai| puruSamedha yajJa jAtI hai| kI balisUcI meM surAkAra kA nAma bhI kIlAla ke rUpa katsa-RgvedIya mantroM ke sAkSAtkartA RSiyoM meM se eka meM AyA hai, isalie isa peya kI prakRti bhI nizcaya hI RSi / aSTAdhyAyI (pANini) ke sUtroM meM jina pUrvAcAryoM surA ke samAna rahI hogii| ke nAma Aye haiM unameM kutsa bhI haiM / paurANika kathAoM ke kuMkuma-kesara, jo sugandha aura rakta-pIta raMga ke lie anusAra indra ne inheM bahuta tADita kiyA, kintu phira prasiddha alaMkaraNa dravya hai| devapUjA meM candana ke sAtha prasanna hokara suSNa daitya se inakI rakSA kii| eka bAra milAkara isakA upayoga hotA hai| lakSmI, durgA Adi indra inako amarAvatI meM apane prAsAda meM le gayA / indra deviyoM kI pUjA meM kuMkuma alaga se bhI car3hAI jAtI hai| aura kutsa donoM AkAra aura saundarya meM samAna the| indra prApta hai|

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kutsa aurava-kumArila 189 kI patnI zacI pahacAna na sakI ki usakA pati indra mahAn AcAryoM kA prAdurbhAva huA, jinameM pahale haiM prabhAkara, kauna sA hai| jinhe 'guru' bhI kahate haiM tathA dUsare haiM kumArila, jinheM kutsa aurava-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ke anusAra kutsa aurava bhaTTa bhI kahate haiN| donoM ne zabara ke bhASya kI vyAkhyA ne apane pArivArika purohita upagu sauzravasa kA vadha isa __ kI hai kintu donoM kI vyAkhyA meM antara hai| donoM ne lie kara DAlA thA ki sauzravasa ke pitA indra kI pUjA do pratidvandvI sampradAyoM ko janma diyaa| prabhAkara kA ke adhika pakSapAtI the| isa tathya kA samarthana Rgveda ke kAla ajJAta hai kintu yaha nizcita hai ki ve kumArila ke kucha sUktoM meM kutsa evaM indra kI pratiyogitA ke varNana se pUrva hue| prabhAkara kA grantha 'bRhatI' zAbarabhASya kA prApta hotA hai| spaSTIkaraNa mAtra hai; usameM kucha AlocanA nahIM hai| kundacaturthI-mAgha zukla caturthI / isa tithi ko devIpUjA kumArila AThavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM hue, unhoMne hotI hai| kundapuSpa, zAka, sabjI, namaka, zakkara, jIrA zAbarabhASya para eka vistRta vyAkhyA kI racanA kI Adi vastue~ kanyAoM ko dAna meM dI jAtI haiN| caturthI jisake tIna bhAga hai, aura unameM zabara se yatheSTa antara ke dina upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| yaha gaurIcaturthI ke parilakSita hotA hai| nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| caturthI ko upavAsa hI isa vrata kumArila kI racanA ke tIna bhAga haiM : (1) zlokakA mukhya aGga hai| usa dina ukta dAna dene se saubhAgya vArtika (padya), jo prathama adhyAya ke prathama pAda para kI upalabdhi hotI hai| hai; (2) tantravAttika (gadya) jo prathama adhyAya ke avakubjikAtantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI tantrasUcI meM 55vA~ zeSa tathA adhyAya do aura tIna para hai aura (3) TupTIkA sthAna 'kubjikAtantra' kA hai| isameM nigUr3ha tAntrika (gadya) adhyAya 4 se 12 para saMkSipta TippaNI hai / kumArila kriyAoM kA varNana hai| kI praNAlI para maNDana mizra ne, jo bAda meM zaGkara ke ziSya kugjikAmatatantra-eka prAcIna tntrgrnth| guptakAlIna (surezvarAcArya) ho gaye the, anekoM granthoM kI racanA kii| bhASAzailI meM likhita hone ke kAraNa isakA racanAkAla prabhAkara evaM kumArila donoM ne anIzvaravAda kA lagabhaga sAtavIM zatAbdI pratIta hotA hai| nirvAha prakRti ke sRSTikrama meM devI kArya kI anAvazyakuberatIrtha-kurukSetra ke samIpa yaha sthAna bhadrakAlI mandira katA batAte hue kiyA hai| donoM isa viSaya para yathArthase thor3I dUra sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para sthita hai| yahA~ vAdI dRSTikoNa rakhate haiN| kintu donoM kA AtmA kI kubera ne yajJoM kA anuSThAna kiyA thaa| isI prakAra vizuddha cetanatA, pratyakSa evaM anumAna Adi tArkika tattvoM narmadAtaTa para bhI eka kuberatIrtha vikhyAta hai| meM matAntara hai| kumArila ne karmamImAMsA evaM usake kuberavrata-tRtIyA tithi ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA bAhara ke darzanoM para bhI sakriya prabhAva ddaalaa| ve bauddha jAtA hai / isameM kubera kI pUjA hotI hai / mata ke kaThora Alocaka the tathA jaba kabhI ve vijayakumAra-vAlmIki-mAdhva matAvalambI kisI kumAra-vAlmIki yAtrA meM nikale, unhoMne isa mata ke pratyAkhyAna karane kA nAmaka kavi ne rAmAyaNa kA kannaDa bhASA meM anuvAda yatna kiyaa| kiyA hai / isI anuvAda ko 'kumAra-vAlmIki' kahate haiM / ___ kumArila ke anusAra veda ke zabda, vAkya aura krama dhArmika hone kI apekSA yaha anuvAda vinodapUrNa adhika nitya haiM / kumArila ne zabda ko dravya mAnA hai| zabda to hai| madhvamata ke pracAra meM isane yatheSTa sahAyatA pahu~cAyI nitya hai hI, usakA artha bhI nitya hai aura zabda tathA hai / karNATaka meM yaha bahuta lokapriya hai / artha kA sambandha bhI nitya hai| zabda kI nityatA para jo kumAraSaSThI-caitra zukla SaSThI ko isa vrata kA Arambha yuktiyA~ unhoMne prastuta kI haiM, ve bahuta prauDha aura vaijJAnika hotA hai aura yaha eka varSa paryanta calatA hai| miTTI kI haiN| kumArila ne dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya aura abhAva dvAdaza bhujA vAlI skanda kI mUrti kA pUjana isameM kiyA ye pA~ca padArtha mAne haiN| pUrva mImAMsA ke anya siddhAnta jAtA hai| unheM mAnya hai, yadyapi zabarabhASya kI AlocanA yatra-tatra kumArila-karmamImAMsA zAstra ke utkarSa kAla meM isake do unake dvArA haI hai|

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kumArI-kumbhaparva kumArila kA Adhunika hindutva kI sthApanA meM bahuta trayodaze mahAlakSmIdvisaptA pIThanAyikA / bar3A hAtha hai| unakI praNAlI vedoM evaM brAhmaNoM para kSetrajJA paJcadazabhiH SoDaze cAnnadA matA // AdhRta hai / ve usake bAhara ke sabhI pakSoM kA nirAkaraNa evaM krameNa sampUjyA yAvat puSpaM na jAyate / karate haiN| puSpitApi ca sampUjyA tatpuSpAdAnakarmaNi // karmamImAMsA meM prabhAkara evaM kumArila ne hI prathama bAra kumArIpUjana kI vidhi nimnalikhita prakAra se batAyI mukti kA varNana kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai ki muktilAbha gayI hai : dharma evaM adharma donoM ke samApta ho jAne para hI ho athAnyatsAdhanaM vakSye mahAcInakramodbhavam / sakatA hai aura jo mukti cAhatA hai use kevala Avazyaka yenAnuSThitamAtreNa zIghra devI prasIdati / / kartavyoM kA pAlana karanA caahie| aSTamyAJca caturdazyAM kuhvAM vA ravisaMkrame / kumArI-(1) zivapatnI pArvatI ke anekoM nAma evaM guNa kumArIpUjanaM kuryAt yathA vibhavamAtmanaH / / ziva ke samAna hI haiN| unakA eka nAma 'kumArI' bhI vastrAlaGkaraNAdyaizca bhakSyabhojyaiH suvistaraiH / hai / taittirIya AraNyaka (10.1.7) meM unheM kanyA kumArI paJcatattvAdibhiH samyag devIbuddhayA susAdhakaH // kahA gayA hai / skandapurANa ke kumArIkhaNDa meM kumArI kA kumA kumArItantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI tantrasUcI meM 'kumArIcaritra aura mAhAtmya vistAra se vaNita hai| bhArata kA tantra' kA chaThA kramika sthAna hai| isameM kumArIpUjana kA dakSiNAnta antarIpa (kumArI antarIpa ) unhIM ke nAma vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai|| se sambandhita hai| kumArIpUjA-navarAtra meM isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / (2) 'kumArI' nAma 'kumAra' kA yugma (jor3A) yA de0 samayamayUkha, 22 / vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'kumaarii'| samakoTika bhI hai| yaha aisI ugra kumArikA grahoM kA sUcaka hai, jo zizuoM kA bhakSaNa karatI haiM / kumbhaparva-bAraha-bAraha varSa ke antara se cAra mukhya tIrthoM meM laganevAlA snAna-dAna kA grhyog| isake cAra sthala (3) smRtiyoM meM dvAdaza varSIyA kanyA kA nAma bhI prayAga, haridvAra, nAsika-paMcavaTI aura avantikA (ujjaina) kumArI kahA gayA hai : haiN| (1) jaba sUrya tathA candra makara rAzi para hoM, guru aSTavarSA bhaved gaurI dazavarSA ca rohiNI / vRSabha rAzi para ho, amAvasyA ho; ye saba yoga juTane para samprApte dvAdaze varSe kUmArItyabhidhIyate / / prayAga meM kumbhayoga par3atA hai| isa avasara para triveNI [aSTa varSa kI kanyA gaurI aura dasa varSa kI rohiNI meM snAna karanA sahasroM azvamedha yajJoM, saikar3oM vAjapeya hotI hai| bAraha varSa prApta hone para vaha kumArI yajJoM tathA eka lAkha bAra pRthvI kI pradakSiNA karane se kahalAtI hai| ] bhI adhika puNya pradAna karatA hai| kumbha ke isa avasara __'annadAkalpa' Adi Agama granthoM meM kumArIpUjana para tIrthayAtriyoM ko mukhya do lAbha hote haiM; gaMgAsnAna ke prasaMga meM kumArI ajAtapuSpA ( jisako rajodharma na tathA santasamAgama / hotA ho ) kanyA ko kahA gayA hai| solaha varSa paryanta (2) jisa samaya guru kumbha rAzi para aura sUrya meSa rAzi vaha kumArI raha sakatI hai| vayabheda se usake kaI nAma para ho taba haridvAra meM kumbhaparva hotA hai / (3) jisa samaya batalAye gaye haiM : guru siMha rAzi para sthita ho tathA sUrya evaM candra karka ekavarSA bhavet sandhyA dvivarSA ca sarasvatI / rAzi para hoM taba nAsika meM kumbha hotA hai| (4) jisa trivarSA tu vidhAmUrtizcaturvarSA tu kAlikA // samaya sUrya tulA rAzi para sthita ho aura guru vRzcika rAzi subhagA paJcavarSA ca SaDvarSA ca umA bhavet / para ho taba ujjaina meM kumbhaparva manAyA jAtA hai| saptabhirmAlinI sAkSAdaSTavarSA ca kUbjikA / / ___ kumbha kI utpatti ke sambandha meM purANoM meM manoraMjaka navabhiplasakarSA dshbhishcaapraajitaa| kathAe~ hai / inakA sambandha samudramanthana se utpanna amRtaghaTa ekAdaze tu rudrANI dvAdazAbde tu bhairavI / / se hai| isa amRtaghaTa ko asura gaNa uThA le gaye the,

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kurukSetra 191 jisako garur3a punaH pRthvI para le Aye / jina-jina sthAnoM para yaha amRtaghaTa (kumbha ) rakhA gayA vahA~ amRtabinduoM ke chalaka jAne se ve sabhI pradeza puNyasthala ho gaye / vahA~ nizcita samaya para snAna-dAna-puNya karane se amRta-pada ( mokSa ) kI prApti hotI hai| prAcIna dharmazAstragranthoM meM ukta kumbhayogoM kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA hai / kurukSetra-ambAlA se 25 mIla pUrva sthita eka prAcIna tIrtha / brAhmaNayuga meM kurukSetra bahuta hI pavitra sthala mAnA jAtA thaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 4.1.5.13 ) ke anusAra devatAoM ne kurukSetra meM yajJAhuti dI thI / maitrAyaNI saMhitA meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki brAhmaNayuga ke vaidika loga kurukSetra meM yajJa karane ko sarvAdhika mahattva dete the| yaha vaidika saMskRti kA kendra thA, isalie yahA~ adhika yajJa honA svAbhAvika hai aura isI kAraNa ise 'dharmakSetra' bhI kahA gayA hai / taittirIya AraNyaka ke anusAra devatAoM ne kurukSetra meM eka satra pUrA kiyA thaa| isakI vedI kurukSetra meM hI thii| isake dakSiNI bhAga ko khANDava tathA uttarI bhAga ko tUna, madhyabhAga ko parINa tathA maru ko utkara kahA gayA hai / isase yaha jJAta hotA hai ki khANDava, tUna tathA parINa kurukSetra ke sImAnta pradeza the aura maru pradeza kurukSetra se kucha dUra thaa| mahAbhArata meM kurukSetra ke pavitra guNoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| aisA jJAta hotA hai ki isakI sImA dakSiNa meM sarasvatI tathA uttara meM dRSadvatI nadI taka thii| vanaparva (86.6 ) meM kurukSetra ko 'brahmAvarta' kahA gayA hai / yahI bAta vAmana purANa tathA manusmRti meM bhI kiJcit parivartana ke sAtha kahI gayI hai / isa prakAra AryAvarta meM brahmAvarta sarvAdhika pavitra mAnA gayA hai aura kurukSetra aisA hI sthala hai| brAhmaNayuga meM sarvAdhika pavitra sarasvatI kurukSetra se hI hokara bahatI thI aura maru bhUmi ko bhI, jahA~ vaha adRzya ho jAtI hai, pavitra sthala mAnA gayA thaa| mUlataH kurukSetra brahmA kI vedI kahalAtA thA, taduparAnta ise samantapaJcaka taba kahA gayA jaba parazurAma ne pitA kI hatyA ke badale meM kSatriyoM ke rakta se pAMca sarovaroM kA nirmANa kiyaa| phira unake pitaroM ke varadAna se yaha pavitra sthala ho gyaa| bAda meM mahArAja kuru ke nAma para isakA nAma kurukSetra pdd'aa| vAmanapurANa ke anusAra kurukSetra kA ardhavyAsa pA~ca yojana taka hai| purANoM meM kurukSetra ko kaI nAmoM se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / inameM kurukSetra, samantapaJcaka, vinazana, sannihatya, brahmasara aura rAmahRda nAma pramukha haiN| atyanta prAcIna kAla meM kurukSetra vaidika saMskRti kA kendra thaa| dhIre-dhIre yaha kendra pUrva tathA dakSiNa kI ora khisakatA gayA aura antataH madhyadeza ( gaGgA aura yamunA ke bIca kA pradeza) bhAratIya saMskRti kA kendra ho gayA / mahAbhArata ke vanaparva ( a0 83 ) ke anusAra jo loga kurukSetra meM rahate hai ve sabhI pApoM se mukta hai / isake atirikta jo yaha kahatA hai ki maiM kurukSetra jAU~gA aura vahA~ raha~gA, vaha bhI pApamukta ho jAtA hai| saMsAra meM isase adhika pavitra sthala dUsarA koI nahIM hai / kurukSetra kI dhUli kA kaNa bhI yadi koI mahAn pApI sparza kare to vaha kaNa hI usake lie svarga ho jAtA hai / anyatra graha, nakSatra aura tAroM ke bhI patana kA bhaya banA rahatA hai, parantu jo kurukSetra meM mRtyu ko prApta hote haiM ve punaH martyaloka meM nahIM Ate (nAradIya purANa, 11.64.23-24) / ___ nAradIya purANa ( uttarArdha, a0 65 ) meM kurukSetra ke lagabhaga sau tIrthoM kA nAmAGkana kiyA gayA hai / inameM se kucha kA hI vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jA sakatA hai / sarvaprathama brahmasara yA pavanahada kA nAma AtA hai, jahA~ rAjA kuru yogI ke rUpa meM nivAsa karate the| isa jhIla kI lambAI pUrva se pazcima 3546 phuTa tathA caur3AI uttara se dakSiNa 1900 phuTa hai / vAmana purANa kA mata hai ki isakI sImA ardha yojana thI / cakratIrtha kI bhUmi para kRSNa ne bhISma para AkramaNa karane ke lie cakra dhAraNa kiyA thA / vyAsasthalI thAnezvara se 17 mIla dakSiNa-pazcima meM sthita Adhunika vanasthalI hai| asthipura thAnezvara ke pazcima tathA aujasaghATa ke dakSiNa meM sthita hai| yahA~ mahAbhAratayuddha meM vIragati ko prApta hue sainikoM kA antima saMskAra kiyA gayA thaa| kaniMghama ke bhAratIya purAtattva sarvekSaNa ke anusAra cakratIrtha hI asthipura hai aura alabIrUnI ke yuga meM yaha kurukSetra kA sabase prasiddha mandira thaa| sarasvatItaTa para sthita pRthUdaka vanaparva meM bahuta hI ucca stara kA tIrtha mAnA gayA hai| usameM kahA gayA hai ki kurukSetra

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192 pavitra sthala hai aura sarasvatI usase bhI adhika pavitra hai / sarasvatItaTa para sthita tIrtha sarasvatI se bhI adhika pavitra hai aura pRthUdaka sarasvatI para sthita tIrthoM meM bhI sabase adhika pavitra hai| isase uttama koI tIrtha nahIM hai / zalyaparva ( 39.33-34 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki jo vyakti sarasvatI ke uttarI taTa para pRthUdaka meM pavitra granthoM kA adhyayana karate hue jIvana kA utsarga karatA hai vaha nirvANa ko prApta hotA hai tathA janma-maraNa ke bandhana se mukta ho jAtA hai| vAmana purANa (39.20 aura 23 ) meM ise brahmayoni tIrtha kahA gayA hai / pRthUdaka thAnezvara se 14 mIla pazcima karnAla jile meM sthita Adhunika pihovA hai| vAmana ( 34.3) aura nAradIya purANa ( uttarArddha, 65.4.7 ) meM kurukSetra ke sAta vanoM - kAmyakavana, aditivana, vyAsavana, phalakIvana, sUryavana, madhuvana aura sItAvana kA ullekha hai jo bahuta pavitra haiM aura pApa kA nAza karane vAle haiM / tIrthoM kI sUcI meM kurukSetra ko santihatI yA sannihatya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / vAmana purANa ( 32.3-4 ) ke anusAra sarasvatI kA udgama plakSa] vRkSa se huA hai / vahA~ se kaI pahAr3iyoM ko vedhate hue vaha dvaitavana meM praveza karatI hai / vAmana purANa ( 32.622 ) meM mArkaNDeya dvArA sarasvatI kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai / kulacUDAmaNitantra - eka mahatvapUrNa tantra grantha / isameM 64 tantroM kI sUcI dI huI hai, jo 'vAmakezvaratantra' kI sUcI se milatI-julatI hai / kulazekhara-tamila vaiSNavoM meM bAraha AlavAroM (bhaktakaviyoM ) ke nAma bahuta prasiddha haiN| kulazekhara inameM hI hue haiN| de0 AlavAra sthAnIya paramparA ke anusAra kulazekhara kA janma kali ke Arambha meM malAvIra ke cAtmapaTTana yA tirumaJjikkolam nAmaka sthAna meM huA thA / unhoMne 'mukundamAlA' nAmaka sarasa stotra kI racanA kI hai| kulasAratantra - 'kulacUDAmaNitantra' kI sUcI meM uddhRta eka grantha / isameM kaula sampradAya ke siddhAntoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / kulArNava- bahupracalita tantra grantha / isake anusAra tAntrika / gaNa kaI prakAra ke AcAroM meM vibhakta hai| unameM vedAcAra sAmAnyataH zreSTha haiM, vedAcAra se vaiSNavAcAra mahAn hai, phulacUDAmaNitantra - kulInavAda vaiSNavAcAra se zaivAcAra utkRSTa hai, zaivAcAra se dakSiNAcAra uttama hai, dakSiNAcAra se vAmAcAra prazaMsanIya hai. vAmAcAra se siddhAntAcAra zreSTha hai aura siddhAntAcAra kI apekSA kaulAcAra uttama hai| kaulAcAra se uttama aura koI AcAra nahIM hai| isa grantha meM inhIM kaula AcAroM aura siddhAntoM kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / kulAlikAmnAya - isa tantra grantha meM bhArata ke tIna yAnoM kA ullekha hai : - dakSiNe devayAnaM tu pitRyAnaM tu uttare / madhye tu mahAyAnaM visaMjJA pragIyate // [dakSiNa meM devayAna, uttara meM pitRyAna aura madhyadeza meM mahAyAna pracalita haiM ] ina thAnoM kI vizeSatA to ThIka ThIka mAlUma nahIM hai, parantu mahAyAnI zreSTha tantra tathAgataguhyaka' se patA lagatA hai ki rudrayAmalAdi meM jise vAmAcAra athavA kaulAcAra kahA gayA hai vahI mahAyAniyoM kA anuSTheya AcAra hai / isI sampradAya se kramaza: 'kAlacakrayAna' yA 'kAlottaramahAyAna' tathA vajrayAna kI utpatti huI / nepAla ke sabhI zAkta-bauddha vajrayAna sampradAya ke haiM / kulInavAda 'kulIna' kA mUla artha hai zreSTha parivAra kA vyakti / kulInavAda kA artha huA 'pArivArika zreSThatA kA siddhAnta' / isake anusAra zreSTha parivAra meM hI uttama guNa hote haiM / ataH vivAhAdi sambandha bhI unhIM ke sAtha honA cAhie / dharmazAstra ke anusAra jisa parivAra meM lagAtAra kaI pIr3hiyoM taka veda-vedAGga kA adhyayana hotA ho, vaha kulIna kahalAtA hai / zaikSaNika pratiSThA ke sAtha vivAha sambandha meM isa prakAra ke parivAra baMgAla meM zreSTha mAne jAte the / senavaMza ke zAsana kAla meM kulInatA kA bahuta pracAra huA / vivAha sambandha meM kulIna parivAroM kI pratiSThA bahuta bar3ha gyii| isa para bahuta dhyAna diyA jAtA thA ki putrI apane se ucca kula ke vara se byAhI jAya / phala yaha huA ki kulIna varoM kI mA~ga adhika ho gayI aura isase aneka prakAra kI kurItiyA~ utpanna huI / baMgAla meM yaha kulIna prathA khUba bar3hI tathA vahA~ eka-eka kulIna brAhmaNa ne bahuta hI U~cA daheja lekara sau-sau se adhika kumAriyoM kA pANigrahaNa karate hue unakA 'uddhAra' kara ddaalaa| zizuhatyA bhI isa prathA kA eka kupariNAma thI, kyoMki vivAha ko lekara kanyA eka samasyA bana jAtI thii| aMgrejoM ne isa zizuhatyA ko

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kulezvarItantra-kullUkabhaTTa 193 banda kara diyA tathA Adhunika kAla ke aneka sudhAravAdI kallUkabhaTTa-manusmRti kI prasiddha TIkA ke rcyitaa| samAjoM ko ceSTA se kulInavAda kA DhoMga kama hotA gayA inakA kAla bArahavIM zatAbdI hai / medhAtithi aura govindaaura Aja yaha prathA prAyaH samApta ho cukI hai| rAja ke manubhASyoM kA inhoMne pracura upayoga kiyA hai| kuladIpikA nAmaka grantha meM kUla kI paribhASA aura inake anya grantha hai-smRtiviveka, azaucasAgara, zrAddhakulAcAra kA varNana nimnAGkita prakAra se pAyA jAtA hai : sAgara aura vivAdasAgara / pUrvamImAMsA ke ye prakANDa AcAro vinayo vidyA pratiSThA tIrthadarzanam / paNDita the| apanI TIkA 'manvarthamuktAvalI' meM inhoMne niSThA'vRttistapo dAnaM navadhA kulalakSaNam // likhA hai-"vaidikI tAntrikI caiva dvividhA zrutiH [ AcAra, vinaya, vidyA, pratiSThA, tIrthadarzana, niSThA, kiirtitaa|" [ vaidikI evaM tAntrikI ye do zrutiyA~ mAnya hai| ] isalie kullU kabhaTTa ke mata se tantra ko bhI zruti vRtti kA atyAga, tapa aura dAna ye nau prakAra ke kUla ke kahA jA sakatA hai| kullUka ne kahA hai ki brAhmaNa, lakSaNa haiM / ] kSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra jAtiyA~ jo kriyAhInatA ke kulInasya sutAM labdhvA kunInAya sutAM dadau / kAraNa jAticyuta huI hai, cAhe ve mlecchabhASI hoM cAhe paryAyakramatazcaiva sa eva kuladIpakaH // AryabhASI, sabhI dasyu kahalAtI hai| isa prakAra ke kati[ vahI kula ko prakAzita karanevAlA hai jo kula se paya maulika vicAra kullUkabhaTTa ke pAye jAte haiN| kanyA grahaNa karake paryAyakrama se kula ko hI kanyA detA manvarthamuktAvalI kI bhUmikA meM kullUkabhaTTa ne apanA hai| ] cAra prakAra ke kulakarma batAye gaye haiM : saMkSipta paricaya isa prakAra diyA hai : AdAnaJca pradAnaJca kuzatyAgastathaiva ca / gauDe nandanavAsinAmni sUjanairvandye varendrayAM kule pratijJA ghaTakAgre ca kulakarma caturvidham / / zrImadbhaTTadivAkarasya tanayaH kullUkabhaTTo'bhavat / [ AdAna, pradAna, kuzatyAga, pratijJA aura ghaTakAna ye kAzyAmuttaravAhijaha -tanayAtIre samaM paNDitais kulakarma kahe gaye haiN| ] rAjA vallAlasena ne paJca teneyaM kriyate hitAya viduSAM manvarthamuktAvalI / / gotrIya rADhIya bAIsa kuloM ko kulIna ghoSita kiyA thaa| gauDadeza ke nandana grAmavAsI, sUjanoM se vandanIya baMgAla meM inakI vaMzaparamparA abhI taka calI A rahI hai| vArendra kula meM zrImAn divAkara bhaTTa ke putra kullUka hue / kulezvarItantra-yaha mitha tantroM meM se eka tantra hai| kAzI meM uttaravAhinI gaGgA ke kinAre paNDitoM ke sAhakullajama sAheba-aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM viracita santa / carya meM unake ( kullUkabhaTTa ke ) dvArA vidvAnoM ke hita sAhitya kA eka grantha / isake racayitA svAmI prANanAtha ne ke lie manvarthamuktAvalI ( nAmaka TIkA ) racI jA rahI isameM batalAyA hai ki bhArata ke sabhI dharma eka hI puruSa hai| medhA tithi tathA govindarAja ke atirikta anya zAstra( Izvara ) meM samAhita haiN| IsAiyoM ke masIhA, musala kAroM kA bhI ullekha kullUkabhaTTa ne kiyA hai, jaise garga mAnoM ke mahadI evaM hinduoM ke niSkalaMkAvatAra sabhI ( manu. 2.6 ), dharaNIdhara, bhAskara ( manu, 1.8,15), eka hI vyakti ke rUpa haiM / de0 'prANanAtha' / / bhojadeva (manu, 8.184 ), vAmana ( manu, 12.106), kullU-himAcala pradeza meM byAsa nadI ke taTa para kullU vizvarUpa ( manu, 2.189 ) / nibandhoM meM kullUka kRtyanagara sthita hai| yaha bahuta sundara sthAna hai| yahA~ paThAna- kalpataru kA prAyaH ullekha karate haiM / Azcarya isa bAta kA koTa se sIdhA moTaramArga bhI maNDI hokara AtA hai| hai ki manvarthamuktAvalI meM kullUka ne baMgAla ke prasiddha paThAnakoTa se kullU eka sau pacahattara mIla par3atA hai| nibandhakAra jImUtavAhana ke dAyabhAga kI kahIM carcA yaha nagara bAjAra, raghunAtha-mandira, dharmazAlA, thAnA, nahIM kI hai| saMbhavataH vArANasI meM rahane ke kAraNa ve posTa Aphisa, bijalI Adi se sampanna hai / tuSAra- jImUtavAhana ke grantha se paricita nahIM the / athavA jImUtamaNDita gaganacumbI bhUdharoM se veSTita yaha sthala samudratala se vAhana abhI prasiddha nahIM ho pAye the| 4700 phuTa U~cAI para hai| vijayAdazamI ko yahA~ kI kullaka bhaTTa ne anya bhASyakAroM kI AlocanA karate vizeSa yAtrA hotI hai aura dasa dina taka melA rahatA hai| hae apanI TIkA kI prazaMsA kI hai (de0 puSpikA) :

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194 kubera-kuzInagara sArAsAravacaH prapaJcanavidhI medhAtithezcAtUrI kuzakAzAsta evAsan zazvad haritavarcasaH / stokaM vastu nigUDhamalpavacanAd govindarAjo jagau / RSayo vai parAbhAvya yajJaghnAna yajJamIjire / / granthe'smindharaNIdharasya bahuzaH svAtantryametAvatA [ saba saMpattiyoM se bharapUra bahiSmatI nagarI meM pahale spaSTaM mAnavadharmatattvamakhilaM vaktaM kRto'yaM zramaH // yajJasvarUpI varAha bhagavAn ke zarIrakampana se jo roma [ medhAtithi kI cAturI sAragarbhita tathA sArahIna gire, ve hI hare-bhare kuza aura kAsa ho gye| RSiyoM ne vacanoM ( pAThoM ) ke vivecana kI zailI meM dikhAI par3atI unako hAtha meM dhAraNa kara yajJavirodhiyoM ko mAra bhagAyA hai| govindarAja ne zAstroM ke gUr3ha arthoM kI vyAkhyA aura apanA anuSThAna pUrA kiyaa| (bhAgavata)] saMkSepa meM kI hai| dharaNIdhara ne paramparA se svatantra hokara kuza (rAjA)--sUryavaMzI bhagavAn rAma ke jyeSTha putra / rAmAzAstroM kA artha kiyA hai / ( parantu maiMne 'manvarthamuktAvalI' yaNa meM inakI utpatti kA varNana milatA hai ki sItAjI ke meM ) mAnava dharma ( zAstra ) ke sampUrNa tatva ko spaSTa bar3e putra kA mArjana RSi ne pavitra kuzoM se kiyA thA rUpa se kahane kA zrama kiyA hai| isalie usakA nAma kuza ho gyaa| sara viliyama jonsa ne kullaka bhaTTa kI prazaMsA meM likhA kuza (dvIpa)--paurANika bhuvanakoza ( bhUgola ) ke anusAra hai : "inhoMne kaSTasAdhya adhyayana kara bahuta sI pANDuli sAta dvIpoM meM eka kuza dvIpa bhI hai / yaha ghRta ke samudra se piyoM kI tulanA se aisA grantha prastuta kiyA, jisake ghirA huA hai jahA~ devanirmita agni ke samAna kuzastamba viSaya meM sacamuca kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha laghutama vartamAna haiN| isIlie isakA nAma 'kuza' pdd'aa| isake kintu adhikatama vyaJjaka, nyUnatama dikhAU kintu pANDi rAjA priyavrata ke putra hiraNyaretA the| inhoMne isa dvIpa ko tyapUrNa, gambhIratama kintu atyanta grAhya hai| prAcIna sAta bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara apane sAta patroM ko de diyaa| athavA navIna kisI lekhaka kI aisI sundara TIkA durlabha kuzakaNDikA-homa karma meM kuza bichAne tathA vastu zuddha hai|" de0 peddA ramappA banAma baMgarI zeSammA, iNDiyana karane kI vidhi kA jJApaka lambA gadyamantrA / isake anulA riporTara (2, madrAsa, 286, pR0 291 ) / sAra kuzoM ke dvArA sabhI prakAra ke homa ke lie sampAdita kubera-uttara dizA ke adhiSThAtA devtaa| mArkaNDeya tathA agnisaMskAra kI kriyA ko bhI kuzakaNDikA kahate haiN| vAyupurANa meM 'kubera' zabda kI vyutpatti nimnalikhita prakAra se dI huI hai : karmakANDa meM yaha kriyA sarvaprathama kI jAtI hai| kutsAyAM kviti zabdo'yaM zarIraM beramucyate / kuzika-(1) kAnyakubja (kannauja) ke paurANika rAjAoM kuberaH kuzarIratvAn nAmnA tenaiva so'GkitaH // meM se eka, jisake nAma se kauzika vaMza calA / kuzikatIrtha [ 'ku' kA prayoga kutsA ( nindA ) meM hotA hai / 'bera' kAnyakubja kA eka paryAya hai / yaha rAjadhAnI hI nahIM, madhyazarIra ko kahate haiN| isalie kutsita zarIra dhAraNa karane / yuga taka prasiddha tIrtha bhI thA, jisakI gaNanA gahaDavAla abhilekhoM ke anusAra uttara bhArata ke paJcatIrthoM meM hotI thii| ke kAraNa ve 'kubera' nAma se vikhyAta hue|] (2) lakulI (lakulIza, jo ziva ke edha avatAra bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra vizravA muni kI iDaviDA samajhe jAte haiM) ke ziSyoM meM se eka kuzika haiM / unake kuzika (ilavilA ) nAmaka bhAryA se kubera utpanna hue the| ye Adi cAra ziSyoM ne pAzupata yoga kA pUrNa abhyAsa dhana, yajJa aura uttara dizA ke svAmI haiN| ye tIna caraNoM aura ATha dA~toM ke sAtha utpanna hue the| kiyA thaa| kuza (yajJIya taNa)-yaha eka pavitra ghAsa hai / isakA prayoga kuzInagara-uttara pradeza ke devariyA jile meM kasayA nAmaka yajJoM ke vividha karmakANDoM tathA sabhI hindU saMskAroM meM kasabe ke pAsa prAcIna kuzInagara hai / ati prAcIna kAla meM hotA hai / isakI noka bar3I teja hotI hai| isIse kuzAgra yaha kuzAvatI nagarI (kuza kI rAjadhAnI) thii| pIche yaha buddhi kA muhAvarA pracalita huaa| isakI utpatti kA varNana malla gaNatantra kI rAjadhAnI bnii| yahIM para buddha ne pariisa prakAra hai: nirvANa prApta kiyA thA, ataeva yaha sthAna buddhadharmAnuyAbahiSmatI mAma purI sarvasampatsamanvitA / yiyoM kA pramukha tIrthasthAna ho gayA hai| gorakhapura se pUrvonyapatan yatra romANi yajJasyAGgaM vidhunvataH / / ttara kasayA (kuzInagara) chattIsa mIla dUra hai| khudAI se

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kudhivAjazravasa-kUTasthapuruSa 195 anthoM kI hAna zAGkara khaNDana kiyA nikalI mUrtiyoM ke atirikta yahA~ mAthAku~vara kA koTA, tarka-yuktiyoM ke bahuta tIvra prakhara jala se nAstikoM ke parinirvANastUpa tathA parinirvANacaitya, rAmabhArastUpa hRdaya ko bar3I mAtrA meM dho DAlA hai, phira bhI patthara se Adi darzanIya haiN| bhI kaThora una logoM ke mana meM Apa sthAna grahaNa na kara parinirvANastupa meM bhagavAn buddha kI asthiyA~ pratiSThA- sake / kintu "Izvara nahIM hai", "Izvara nahIM hai" isa / / mUla stUpa kuzInagara ke malloM ne hI prakAra ulaTe rUpa meM bar3e vega se ve saba tatparatApUrvaka banavAyA thA, parantu usake bAda bhagna hone para atyanta ApakA hI cintana karate haiM, ataH anta samaya para unakA pavitra hone ke kAraNa isa stUpa kA kaI bAra punarnirmANa bhI uddhAra karane kI kRpA kiijiyegaa|] aura saMskAra huaa| parinirvANacaitya meM bhagavAn buddha kI kUTasandoha-AcArya rAmAnuja ne apane mata kI puSTi aura parinirvANa-mudrA meM ( leTI huI ) vizAla lAla patthara kI pracAra ke lie 'zrIbhASya' ke atirikta aneka granthoM kI pratimA hai jisake Asana ke sAmane bhagavAn buddha ke pari- racanA kI / ina granthoM meM inhoMne zAGkara mata kA prabala nirvANa kA pUrA dRzya aGkita hai| isI para eka abhilekha zabdoM meM khaNDana kiyA hai| rAmAnujaracita granthoM kI se jJAta hotA hai ki bhikSu bala ne isa pratimA kA dAna lambI sucI meM eka grantha 'kaTasandoha' bhI hai|| kiyA thaa| rAmabhArastUpa usa sthAna para banA hai, jahA~ kUTastha puruSa-(1) zAkta praNAlI meM yaha dhAraNA hai ki malloM kA abhiSeka hotA thA aura bhagavAn buddha kA dAha- sarvocca antima avasthA meM viSNa vA ziva tathA unakI zakti saMskAra huA thaa| mAthAvara ke koTa meM pAlakAlIna eka hI paramAtmA hai, jinameM koI antara nahIM hai| kevala bhagavAn buddha kI baiThI huI eka sundara pratimA hai| sRSTikAla meM donoM bhinna hote haiM / sRSTi ko Arambhika kubhi vAjazravasa-zatapatha brAhmaNa (10. 5. 5. 1) meM / prathama avasthA meM zakti jAgRta hotI hai, jaise nIMda se pavitra agni ke saktoM ke AcArtha ke rUpa meM tathA bRhadA uThI ho / usake do rUpa hote haiM : kriyA tathA bhUti / punaH raNyaka upaniSad ke antima vaMza (zikSakoM kI sUcI) meM ye usake svAmI ke chaH guNoM kA udaya hotA hai, yathA jJAna, vAjazravA ke ziSya kahe gaye haiM / yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki zakti, pratibhA, bala, zaurya evaM saundarya / unakI zakti bRhadAraNyaka ke antima vaMza meM uddhRta kuzri tathA zatapatha lakSmI chahoM jor3e banakara saMkarSaNa, pradyumna evaM aniruddha ke dazama adhyAya ke vaMza meM uddhRta kuzri, jise yajJavacasa (dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha vyUha) tathA unakI zakti ke rAjastambAyana kA ziSya kahA gayA hai, donoM eka haiM athavA rUpa meM prakaTa hotI hai / vyUhoM se 12 ardhavyUha tathA 12 bhinna-bhinna / vidyazvara udita hote haiM / sRSTi kI isa avasthA meM vibhavoM (viSNu ke avatAroM) kA udaya hotA hai, jo saMkhyA meM 39 kuSotaka sAmazravA-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM inheM eka gRhapati haiN| sAtha hI baikuNTha aura usake nivAsiyoM kA udaya kahA gayA hai| ye kauSItakiyoM ke eka yajJasatra ke samaya hotA hai| gRhapati banAye gaye the| sRSTi ke Arambha kI dUsarI avasthA meM zakti kA bhUtirUpa kusumAJjali-nyAyAcArya udayana kI racanAoM meM sabase Thosa AkAra dhAraNa karatA hai, jise 'kaTastha puruSa' tathA prasiddha kusumAJjali hai, jisameM kula 72 smaraNIya zlokoM 'mAyA zakti' kahate haiM / kUTastha puruSa vyaktigata AtmAoM meM Izvara kI sattA pramANita kI gayI hai / naiyAyikoM meM (jIvoM) kA samaSTigata rUpa hai (jaise anekoM madhumakkhiyoM yaha grantha bahuta pracalita hai / isakI antima bhAvapUrNa aura kA eka chattA hotA hai), jabaki mAyA sRSTi kA bhautika tarkamayI zubhAzaMsA hai : upAdAna hai| ityevaM zrutizAstrasaplavajale bhUyobhirAkSAlite (2) sAMkhya darzana kA kaTastha puruSa nilipta, kevala aura yeSAM nAspadamAdadhAsi hRdaye te zailasAropamAH / draSTA mAtra hai| isakA zAbdika artha hai 'kUTa (coTI) para kintu prodyatavipratIpavidhayApyucca bhavaccintakAH baiThA huaa| kAle kAruNika tvayaiva kRpayA te tAraNIyA janAH / / (3) paJcadazI (6.22-27) meM paramAtmA ke lie isakA [ he karuNAmaya prabho, isa grantha meM maiMne zruti-smRti- prayoga huA hai :

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196 cetanaH / ucyate // adhiSThAnatayA dehAvacchinna kUTavannirvikAreNa sthitaH kUTastha kUTasthe kalpitA buddhistatra citpratibimbakaH / prANAnAM dhAraNAjjIvaH saMsAreNa sa yujyate // jalavyomnA ghaTAkAzo yathA sarvastirohitaH / tathA jIvena kUTasthaH so'nyonyAdhyAsa ucyate // ayaM jIvo na kUTasthaM vivinakti kadAcana / anAdiraviveko'yaM mUlAvidyeti gamyatAm // vikSepAvRttirUpAbhyAM dvidhAvidyA prakalpitA / na bhAti nAsti kUTastha ityApAdanamAvRtiH // ajJAnI viduSA pRSTaH kUTasthaM na prabudhyate / na bhAti nAsti kUTastha iti buddhvA vadatyapi // zrImadbhagavadgItA (15.16-17) meM saccidAnandasvarUpa puruSottama ko kUTastha kahA gayA hai : dvAvimau puruSau loke kSarazcAkSara eva ca / kSaraH sarvANi bhUtAni kUTastho'kSara ucyate // kUTasAkSI - dharmazAstra meM ( vyavahAratattva ke anusAra ) mAyAvI athavA mithyAvAdI sAkSI ko kUTasAkSI kahA gayA hai / yAjJavalkyasmRti meM kUTasAkSI kA lakSaNa nimnAM - kita hai : dviguNA vAnyathA brUyuH kUTAH syuH pUrvasAkSiNaH / na dadAti tu yaH sAkSyaM jAnannapi narAdhamaH / sa kUTasAkSiNAM pApaistulyo daNDena caiva hi // [ ve pUrva sAkSI kUTa kahe jAte haiM jo dUnA (bar3hAkara ) athavA anyathA (asatya) bolate haiM / jo manuSya jAnatA huA bhI sAkSya nahIM detA hai vaha bhI kUTasAkSI ke samAna hI adhama aura daNDa hai / ] kUrma - viSNu kA eka avatAra, jisane bhUmaNDala ko apanI pITha para dhAraNa kara rakhA hai| kUrma yA kacchapa jalajantu hai / dhArmika rUpaka, mAGgalika pratIka, tAntrika upacArAdi ke rUpa meM isakA upayoga hotA hai| bRhatsaMhitA (a0 64) ke anusAra mandira meM sthApita kUrma kI pratimA maGgalakAriNI hotI hai : vaidUryavi sthUlakaNThatrikoNo gUDhacchidrazcAruvaMzazca zastaH / krIDAvApyAM toyapUrNe maNau vA kAryaH kUrmo maGgalArthaM narendraH // kUTasAkSI - kUrmadvAdazI zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kUrma prajApati kA avatAra mAnA gayA hai : ' sa yat kUrmo nAma etadvA rUpaM kRtvA prajApatiH prajA asRjata / yadasRjadakarottad yadakarot tasmAt kUrmmaH kazyapo vaM kUrmastasmAdAhuH sarvAH prajAH kAzyapa iti / (zatapatha brAhmaNa, 7 5. 1-5) de0 'kUrmAvatAra' | padma purANa ke anusAra satyayuga meM deva aura asuroM dvArA samudramanthana ke avasara para mandara parvata ko dhAraNa karane ke lie bhagavAn viSNu ne kUrma kA rUpa grahaNa kiyA (kSIrodamadhye bhagavAn kUrmarUpI svayaM hariH / ) bhAgavatapurANa meM bhI yahI bAta kahI gayI hai / tantrasAra meM yaha eka mudrA kA nAma hai| isakA varNana isa prakAra hai : devatAdhyAna karmaNi // vAmahastasya tarjanyAM dakSiNasya kaniSThayA / tathA dakSiNa tarjanyAM vAmAGguSThe na yojayet // unnataM dakSiNAGguSThaM vAmasya madhyamAdikAH / aGgulIryojayet pRSThe dakSiNasya karasya ca // vAmasya pitRtIrthena madhyamAnAmike tathA / adhomukhe ca te kuryAddakSiNasya karasya ca // kUrmapRSTha maM kuryAddakSapANi ca sarvazaH / kUrmamudreyamAkhyAtA haThayoga meM eka Asana kA nAma kUrmAsana hai : gudaM nirudhya gulphAbhyAM vyutkrameNa samAhitaH / kUrmAsanaM bhavedetaditi yogavido viduH // tantroM meM eka cakra kA nAma bhI kUrmacakra hai / kUrmatIrtha - himAlaya meM sthita eka tIrtha / badarInAtha mandira ke pIche parvata para sodhe car3hane se caraNapAdukA kA sthAna AtA hai / usake Upara urvazIkuNDa tathA isI parvata para Age kUrmatIrtha par3atA hai / yahA~ bhagavAn viSNu kA kUrma ( kacchapa) ke rUpa meM pUjana hotA hai / kUrma bhUpRSTha kA pratIka hai, jo sabhI jIvadhAriyoM ko dhAraNa karatA hai / kUrmadvAdazI - pauSa zukla dvAdazI / isa tithi ko kUrma ava tAra huA thA, isalie viSNu-nArAyaNa kI pUjA hotI hai / de0 varAha purANa, adhyAya 40; kRtyaratnAkara, 482-484 / ghRta se paripUrNa tAmrapAtra meM eka kUrma ( kachue) kI mUrti sthApita karake usake Upara mandarAcala rakhakara kisI supAtra ko dAna diyA jAtA hai| isa anuSThAna se bhagavAn viSNu prasanna hote haiM /

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kUrmadvAdazIvrata-kRkalAsa 197 kUrmadvAdazIvrata-bhaviSya purANa ke anusAra yaha pauSa zukla kUrmAvatAra-avatAravAda kA nirUpaNa purANoM kA pradhAna dvAdazI kA vrata hai| isa vrata meM ghRta bhare tA~be ke pAtra para aGga hai / zaiva purANoM meM ziva ke avatAra tathA vaiSNava mandara parvata sahita kacchapa kI mUrti rakhakara pUjA kI purANoM meM viSNu ke agaNita avatAroM kA varNana pAyA jAtI hai| jAtA hai / isI prakAra anya purANoM meM anya devoM ke avakUrmapurANa-sAdhAraNatayA yaha zaivapurANa hai tathA isameM tAroM kI carcA hai| ye varNana nirAdhAra nahIM kahe jA 'lakulIza-pAzupatasaMhitA' kI kucha sAmagrI uddhRta hai, jo sakate, kyoMki brAhmaNa tathA upaniSadoM meM bhI vividha avavAyupurANa meM bhI dRSTigocara hotI hai| yaha kucha AgamoM tAroM kI carcA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa (1.4.3.5) meM kUrmAevaM tantroM kI zikSA ko vyakta karatA hai| vAyupurANa se vatAra kA varNana hai / adhikAMza vaidika granthoM ke mata se kucha nyUnAdhika yaha ziva ke aTThAIsa avatAroM tathA unake kUrma, varAha Adi avatAroM kI jo kathA kahI gayI hai, ziSyoM kA varNana bhI prastuta karatA hai / isameM kucha zAkta vaha prajApati (brahmA) ke avatAra kI prakArAntara meM kathA tantroM ke bhI uddharaNa haiM tathA zaktipUjA para bala diyA hai / vaiSNava purANa inhIM avatAroM ko viSNu kA avatAra gayA hai / yaha aba bhI nizcita rUpa se vidita nahIM hai ki batalAte haiN| kisa zaiva sampradAya ke varNana isameM prApta hai (kevala ava- kUSmANDadazamI-Azvina zukla dshmii| isa dina ziva. tAroM ko chor3akara, jo lakulIza mata se sambandhita hai)| dazaratha tathA lakSmI kA kUSmANDa (kumhar3A) ke phUloM se karmapurANa ke pUrvArddha meM tirapana adhyAya tathA uttarArdha pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| candramA ko arghya dAna karate haiN| meM chiyAlIsa adhyAya hai| nAradapurANa Adi prAyaH sabhI de0 gadAdharapaddhati, kAlasAra bhAga, pR0 125 / purANoM meM jahA~ kUrmapurANa kI carcA AyI hai, barAbara kUSmANDI-ambikA athavA durgA kA eka paryAya / kuSmANDa satraha hajAra zloka batAye gaye hai| parantu pracalita pratiyoM kI bali se prasanna hone ke kAraNa durgA kUSmANDI kahI jAtI meM kevala chaH hajAra ke lagabhaga hI zloka pAye jAte haiN| haiM / pavitra mantroM kA nAma, jaisA vasiSThasmRti meM kathana hai : nAradapurANa meM jo viSayasUcI dI huI hai usakI AdhI sarvavedapavitrANi vakSyAmyahamataH param / se kama hI sUcI chapI pustakoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| aisA yeSAM japaizca homaizca prayante nAtra saMzayaH / / jAna par3atA hai ki kUrmapurANa ke kucha aMza tantra granthoM meM aghamarSaNaM devakRtaH zuddhavatyastarat samAH / milA diye gaye haiM, kyoMki nAradapurANokta sUcI ke chUTe kUSmANDayaH pAvamAnyazca durgAsAvitryathaiva ca / / hue viSaya DAmara, yAmala Adi tantroM meM pAye jAte haiM / kUSmANDI eka latA bhI hai, jisake phaloM kI bali dene ___ mUlataH isa purANa kA rUpa vizAla thaa| isake upalabdha / se pApa dUra hote haiM / yAjJavalkya ke anusAra, aMza se patA lagatA hai ki isameM cAra saMhitAeM thIM-(1) trirAtropoSito bhUtvA kUSmANDIbhighRtaM zuci / brAhmI, (2) bhAgavatI, (3) saurI aura (4) vaiSNavI / surApaH svarNahArI ca rudrajApI jale sthitaH / / isa samaya kevala 'brAhmI saMhitA' hI milatI hai| isI kA [ tIna dina upavAsa karane ke bAda kuSmANDI ke phaloM nAma karmaparANa hai / matsya aura bhAgavata purANoM ke anusAra ke sAtha ghRta kA sevana karane se aura jala meM baiThakara rudramUla kUrmapurANa meM 18000 zloka the, parantu vartamAna kUrma japa karane se madyapAna evaM suvarNacorI kA pApa kaTa purANa meM kevala 6000 zloka pAye jAte haiN| isake karma nAma jAtA hai|] par3ane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki bhagavAn viSNu ne kUrmAvatAra / kukalAsa-kRkalAsa (giragiTa) kA ullekha yajurveda (taittidhAraNa kara isa purANa kA upadeza indradyamna nAmaka rAjArIya saMhitA, 5. 5. 19. 1; maitrAyaNo saM0, 3. 14. 21 ko diyA thaa| isa purANa meM ziva hI pradhAna ArAdhya tathA vAjasaneyI saM0, 24. 40) meM azvamedha yajJa kI balidevatA ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| isameM yaha mata pratipAdita pazutAlikA meM huA hai / 'kRkalAsI' kA bhI brAhmaNoM meM kiyA gayA hai ki trimUrtiyA~-brahmA, viSNu tathA ziva eka ullekha hai / 'trikANDazeSa' ke anusAra yaha sUrya kA pratIka hI mUla sattA brahma ke vibhinna rUpa hai| ziva ke sAtha hI hai, kyoMki kramazaH yaha sUrya ke sabhI raMgoM ko dhAraNa karatA zAktapUjA kA bhI isameM vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| (badalatA ) hai, mahAbhArata (13.70) ke anusAra sUryavaMzI

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198 kRcchva ta-kRtayuga rAjA nUga ko brAhmaNa kI gau kA apaharaNa karane ke kAraNa dvAdazarAtraM nirAhAraH sa kRcchAtikRcchraH / etatkRkchrAtikRkalAsa yoni meM janma dhAraNa karanA par3A thaa| kRcchradvayaM dvAdazAhasAdhyamazaktaviSayam / kacchavata-mArgazIrSa zukla caturthI ko isa brata kA prArambha [bAraha dina nirAhAra vrata karane ko kucchAtikRcchra hotA hai / cAra varSa taka isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| kahate haiM / yaha vrata asamarthoM ke lie bAraha dina kA hai| isake devatA gaNezajI haiN| eka varSa taka caturthI ko eka prAyazcittaviveka meM brahmapurANa se nimnAMkita zloka uddhRta samaya AhAra karake jIvanayApana karanA cAhie, dvitIya varSa hai, jisake anusAra yaha vrata ikkIsa dina kA hotA hai : rAtri meM bhojana karanA caahie| tRtIya varSa binA mA~ge caret kRcchrAtikRcchraJca pibettoyaJca zItalam / jo mila jAya use khAnA cAhie tathA cauthe varSa caturthI ekaviMzatirAtrantu kAleSveteSu saMyataH // ke dina pUrNopavAsa karanA caahie| de0 hemAdri, 1.501 ghora pApoM ke prAyazcitta svarUpa isa vrata kA vidhAna 504, skandapurANa / kiyA gayA hai| ___ yaha pApoM ko dUra karatA hai, isalie 'kRccha' kahalAtA kRtakoTi-(1) jisane zAstroM kI koTi (sImA athavA hai / yAjJavalkya kA kathana hai : zreSThatA) prApta kara lI hai usako kRtakoTi kahate haiM / gomUtraM gomayaM kSIraM dadhi sarpiH kuzodakam / 'trikANDazeSa' ke anusAra yaha kAzyapa athavA upavarSa kA jagdhvA pareyupavaset kRccha sAntapanaM smRtam / / paryAya hai| yaha zaGkarAcArya kI padavI bhI hai| kacchavatAni-kucha vrata kRcchra mAne jAte haiM / jaise saumAyana, (2) prasiddha hai ki brahmasUtra para baudhAyana (eka vedAntAtaptakRcchU, kRcchAtikRcchU, sAntapana / yadyapi ye prAya cArya) ne vRtti likhI thI jisako AcArya rAmAnuja ne zcitta haiM tathApi hepAdri meM inakI gaNanA vratoM meM kI apane bhASya meM uddhRta kiyA hai| jarmana paNDita yAkobI gayI hai| zUdroM ke lie ina vratoM kA niSedha hai| kucha kA mata hai ki baudhAyana ne mImAMsAsUtra para bhI vRtti anya kRcchra vratoM kA bhI varNana milatA hai, jaise kArtika likhI hai / prapaJcahRdaya nAmaka grantha se yaha bAta siddha hotI kRSNa saptI se paitAmbha kRcchr| isameM cAra dina taka hai aura pratIta hotA hai ki baudhAyananirmita vedAntavRtti kramazaH kevala jala, dugdha, dadhi tathA ghRta hI lenA cAhie, kA nAma 'kRtakoTi' thA (prapaJcaha0, pR0 39) / pulavara ekAdazI ko upavAsa tathA haripUjana kA vidhAna hai / purANa, maNimekhala Adi draviDa bhASA ke prabandhoM vaiSNava kRcchra vrata ke samaya 'munyanna' (nIvAra ke samAna meM baudhAyanakRta mImAMsAvRtti kA kRtakoTi nAma eka dhAnya) ko tIna dina taka khAnA caahie| tadanantara se nirdeza hai| tIna dina taka yAvaka tathA tIna dina taka upavAsa karanA kRtakriya-dhArmika kriyA sampanna karanevAlA vyakti / isakA caahie| sAMketika rUpa kisI karma ko samApta karanA hai| manusmRti kRcchAtikRccha-kRccha kA artha hai kaSTa athavA kaThina / (5.99) ke anusAra : kaThina se kaThina vrata ko 'kRcchAtikRcch' kahate haiM / vasiSTha vipraH zudhyatyapaH spRSTvA kSatriyo vAhanAyudham / ke anusAra : vaizyaH pratodaM razmIn vA yaSTi zUdraH kRtakriyaH / / ___ abbhakSastRtIyaH kRcchrAtikRcchro yAvat sakRdAdIta / [ kRtakriya brAhmaNa jala sparza karake, kSatriya vAhana yAvadekavAramudakaM hastena gRhItu zaknoti tAvannavasu divaseSu athavA astra-zastra chUkara, vaizya kor3A athavA lagAma chUkara bhakSayitvA tryahamupavAsaH kRcchrAtikRcchraH / aura zUdra yaSTi (lAThI) sparza karake zuddha hotA hai|] [jisameM kevala eka bAra jala piyA jAtA hai vaha kRcchA- kRtayuga-vaidika dharmAvalambI hindU vizva kI cAra sImAe~ tikRccha hai / athavA jisameM pratidina eka bAra hAtha se jala mAnate haiM, jinheM 'yuga' kahate haiN| ye haiM kRta, tretA, dvApara grahaNa kara nau dinoM taka aise hI rahA jAya aura tIna dina evaM kali / ye nAma pAse ke pahaluoM (pakSa) ke anusAra pUrNa (jalarahita) upavAsa kiyA jAya vaha kRcchAti- rakhe gaye haiN| kRta sarvotkRSTa hai, jisake pahalU para cAra kRcchra hai / ] sumantu ke anusAra : bindu hote haiM, tA para tIna, dvApara para do evaM kali

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kRtti-kRttikAsnAna 199 para eka bindu hAtA hai, arthAt krama se pratyeka meM eka-eka maiM Apake Upara sthita hone ke kAraNa dhanya huuN| trizUla bindu kama hotA jAtA hai / brAhmaNa granthoM, rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata ke agra bhAga para sthita hone ke kAraNa maiM kRtakRtya aura evaM purANoM meM uparyukta pAsoM ke pakSabinduoM ke anusAra anugRhIta huuN| kAla se to sabhI marate haiM, parantu isa prakAra inake nAma rakhane kA artha yaha hai ki kRta sabase caugunA lambA kI mRtyu kalyANakArI hai| kRpAnidhi zaMkara ne haMsate hue evaM sarvaguNasampanna yuga hai tathA krama se yugoM meM guNa evaM kahA-he gajAsura ! maiM tumhAre mahAn pauruSa se prasanna huuN| Ayu kA hrAsa hotA jAtA hai| kRta kI Ayu 4400 he asura, apane anukUla vara mA~go, tumako avazya duuNgaa| divya varSa hai, vetA kI 3300, dvApara kI 2200 tathA kali usa daitya ne ziva se punaH nivedana kiyA, he digvAsa! yadi kI 1100 divya varSa hai| eka divya varSa 1000 mAnava- Apa mujha para prasanna haiM to mujhe sadA dhAraNa kreN| yaha merI varSa ke barAbara hotA hai| kRtti (carma) ApakI trizUlAgni se pavitra ho cukI hai / ___ kRtayuga hamAre sAmane manuSyajAti kI sabase sukhI yaha acche AkAra vAlI, sparza karane meM sukhakara aura yuddha avasthA ko prastuta karatA hai / manuSya isa yuga meM 4000 meM paNIkRta hai / he digambara ! yadi yaha mero kRtti puNyavatI varSa jItA thA / na to yuddha hote the na jhgdd'e| varNAzramadharma nahIM hotI to raNAGgaNa meM isakA Apake aMga ke sAtha tathA veda kI zikSAoM kA pUrNarUpeNa pAlana hotA thA / samparka kaise hotA ? he zaMkara ! yadi Apa prasanna haiM to acche guNoM kA dRDha zAsana thaa| kali ThIka isake viparIta eka dUsarA vara dIjie / Aja ke dina se ApakA nAma guNoM kA bodhaka yuga hai / de0 'kaliyuga / ' kRttivAsA ho| usake vacana ko sunakara zaMkara ne kahA, kRtti-marut devatA ke eka astra kA nAma / Rgveda meM uddhRta aisA hI hogaa| bhakti se nirmala citta vAle daitya se unhoMne (1.168.3) marutoM ko 'kRtti' dhAraNa karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| jimara ne isa zabda kA artha 'khaDga' lagAyA hai, he puNyanidhi daitya ! dUsarA vara atyanta durlabha hai| jise yuddha meM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA thaa| kintu isakA koI avimukta (kAzI) meM, jo mukti kA sAdhana hai, tumhArA pramANa nahIM hai ki usa samaya kRtti eka mAnavIya astra thaa| yaha puNyazarIra merI mUrti hokara avatarita hogA, jo sabake kRttivAsA-kRtti athavA gajacarma ko vastra ke rUpa meM dhAraNa lie makti denevAlA hogaa| isakA nAma 'kRttivAsezvara karane vAle / yaha ziva kA paryAya hai / skandapurANa ke hogA / yaha mahApAtakoM kA nAza kregaa| sabhI matiyoM meM kAzIkhaNDa (adhyAya 64) meM gajAsuravadha tathA ziva ke yaha zreSTha aura zirobhUta hogaa|" kRttivAsatva kI kathA dI huI hai, yathA kRttikAvata-yaha vrata kArtikI pUrNimA ke dina prArambha "mahiSAsura kA putra gajAsura sarvatra apane bala se hotA hai| isameM kisI pavitra sthAna para snAna karanA unmatta hokara sabhI devatAoM kA poDana kara rahA thaa| cAhie, jaise prayAga, kurukSetra, puSkara, naimiSAraNya, malayaha dussaha dAnava jisa-jisa dizA meM jAtA thA vahA~ turanta sthAna aura gokarNa, athavA kisI bhI nagara athavA grAma meM sabhI dizAoM meM bhaya chA jAtA thaa| brahmA se vara pAkara snAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| suvarNa, rajata, ratna, navanIta vaha tInoM lokoM ko tRNavat samajhatA thaa| kAma se abhi- tathA ATe kI chaH kRttikA nakSatroM kI mUrtiyoM kA pUjana bhUta strI-puruSoM dvArA yaha avadhya thaa| isa sthiti meM usa karanA cAhie / mUrtiyA~ candana, Alaktaka tathA kesara se daityapuGgava ko AtA huA dekhakara trizUladhArI ziva ne cacita tathA sajjita honI caahie| pUjA meM jAtI puSpoM mAnavoM se avadhya jAnakara apane trizUla se usakA vadha kA prayoga karanA caahie| kiyaa| trizUla se Ahata hokara aura apane ko chatra ke kRttikAsnAna-isa vrata meM bharaNI nakSatra ke dina upavAsa samAna TaeNgA huA jAnakara vaha ziva kI zaraNa meM gayA karanA caahie| kRttikA nakSatra vAle dina purohita dvArA aura bolA-he trizUlapANi! hai devatAoM ke svAmI ! yajamAna tathA usakI patnI ko sone ke kalaza athavA maiM Apako kAmadeva ko bhasma karane vAlA jAnatA hU~ / he| pavitra jala tathA vanaspatiyoM se paripUrNa miTTI ke kalaza purAntaka! Apake hAthoM merA badha zreyaskara hai| kucha maiM dvArA snAna karAnA caahie| isameM agni, skanda, candra, kahanA cAhatA huuN| merI kAmanA pUrI kareM / he mRtyuJjaya! kRpANa tathA varuNa ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai|

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200 kRtyakalpataru-kRSNa kRtyakalpataru-dharmazAstra kA eka nibandha-grantha / isake kRSNadatta lauhitya-(lauhitya ke vaMzaja) : jaiminIya uparacayitA gahaDavAla rAjA govindacandra ke sAndhivigrahika niSad brAhmaNa (3.42.1) kI eka guruziSya-sUcI meM inheM lakSmIdhara the| racanAkAla bArahavIM zatAbdI hai| yaha zyAma sujayanta lauhitya kA ziSya kahA gayA hai| vizAla grantha thA kintu isakI pUrI pANDulipi upalabdha kRSNa-( mahAbhArata tathA bhAgavata ke : ) inake aitihAsika nahIM hai| yaha bAraha kANDoM meM vibhakta thaa| upalabdha svarUpa kA varNana upasthita karanA eka grantha racanA kA pANDulipiyoM se jJAta hai ki isakA gyArahavA~ kANDa rAja- viSaya hai| mahAbhArata meM kRSNa eka sthAna para mAnavIya dharma aura bArahavA~ vyavahAra hai| pUre grantha kA nAma to nAyaka, dUsare sthAna para ardhadeva (viSNu ke aMzAvatAra) kRtyakalpataru hai kintu isake anya nAma kalpataru, kalpadruma, evaM anya sthAna para pUrNAvatAra (eka mAtra Izvara) ke rUpa kalpavRkSa Adi bhI pracalita haiN| isakI sarvAdhika pUrNa meM dekha par3ate haiM, jinheM Age calakara brahma athavA paramAtmA pANDulipi mahArANA udayapura ke granthAlaya meM surakSita hai| isameM bAraha kANDa aura 1108 panne haiN| isake __ kRSNa kA janma dvApara ke anta meM mathurA meM andhakabAraha kANDa nimnAGkita haiM : vRSNi gaNasaMgha meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma vasudeva 1. brahmacArI tathA mAtA kA nAma devakI thaa| una dinoM inake nAnA 2. gRhastha 8. tIrtha devaka ke bhAI ugrasena isa saMgha ke gaNamukhya the| unakA 3. naiyata kAla 9.4 putra kaMsa ekatantravAdI thaa| vaha ugrasena ko unake pada se 4. zrAddha 10. zuddhi haTAkara svayaM rAjA bana baitthaa| kRSNa usake virodhI the| 5. pratiSThA 11. rAjadharma kaMsa ne kRSNa ko mArane kI bar3I ceSTA kI, jisakI ati6. pratiSThA 12. vyavahAra / raJjita kahAniyA~ bhAgavata-purANa meM varNita haiN| inase do aura kANDa pAye jAte haiM : 13. zAntika aura kRSNa ke adbhuta puruSArtha kA paricaya milatA hai| anta 14. mokSa / manamohana cakravartI (jarnala oNpha da eziyATika meM unhoMne kaMsa kA badha kara ugrasena ko punaH gaNamukhya sosAyaTI oNpha baMgAla, 1915, pR0 358-59) kA sujhAva bnaayaa| kaMsa ke badha se usakA sahAyaka aura zvazura, hai ki lupta sAtavA~ kANDa pUjA tathA navA~ prAyazcitta thaa| magadha kA zAsaka jarAsaMdha bahuta kruddha huaa| usane cedikRSNa-Rgveda ko eka RcA (8.85.3-4 ) meM rAja zizupAla aura yavana kAlanemi kI sahAyatA se mathurA 'kRSNa' kisI RSi kA nAma hai| unheM athavA unake putra / para satraha bAra AkramaNa kiyaa| kRSNa ko vivaza hokara ko ( Rgveda, 8.26 ) mantradraSTA kahA gayA hai| mathurA chor3a dvArakA jAnA par3A / kRSNa ke netRtva meM yAdavoM 'kRSNIya' zabda gotravAcaka hai jo Rgveda kI do RcAoM ne surASTra meM eka naye rAjya kI sthApanA kii| kRSNa ne meM uddhRta hai, jahA~ vizvak kRSNIya ke lie viSNApU ko apanI yogyatA ke bala para akhila bhAratIya rAjanIti meM azvinI ne kisI roga se mukti dekara bacAyA thaa| isa pramukha sthAna grahaNa kiyaa| avasthA meM kRSNa, viSNApU ke pitAmaha pratIta hote haiM / ___isI bIca hastinApura ke kauravoM aura pANDavoM meM rAjya kauSItaki brAhmaNa (30.9) meM uddhRta kRSNa AMgirasa ke ba~TavAre ke lie saMgharSa prArambha huaa| kRSNa pANDavoM evaM uparyukta kRSNa eka hI jAna par3ate haiN| ke sahAyaka the / pahale inhoMne prayatna kiyA ki zAnti ke kRSNa devakIputra-chAndogya upaniSad meM kRSNa devakIputra ghora sAtha pANDavoM ko adhikAra mila jAya / kauravoM ke durA AGgirasa ke ziSya ke rUpa meM uddhRta haiM / paramparA tathA graha ke kAraNa yuddha huaa| isI yuddha kA nAma mahAbhArata Adhunika vidvAn griyarsana, gArve Adi ne inheM mahA- hai / vAstava meM mahAbhArata ke kathAkAra vyAsa aura sUtrabhArata ke nAyaka kRSNa ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, jinheM Age dhAra kRSNa the| mahAbhArata ke prArambha meM pANDava arjuna calakara devatva prApta ho gyaa| ko kulakSaya kI AzaMkA se jo vyAmoha haA usakA nirAkRSNa hArIta-aitareya AraNyaka meM inheM eka AcArya kahA karaNa kRSNa ne bhagavadgItA ke upadeza se kiyA, jo nItigayA hai| darzana kI utkRSTa kRti hai| kRSNa bahuta bar3e dArzanikanIka mahA

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kRSNakarNAmRta - kRSNacetanya bhI the| isIlie inako yogezvara evaM jagadguru (kRSNaM vande jagadgurum ) kI upAdhi milii| inakI sahAyatA se pANDava vijayI hue aura yudhiSThira ( pANDavoM meM zreSTha ) kI adhyakSatA meM pANDavarAjya kI sthApanA huI / kRSNa isake pazcAt dvArakA lauTa Aye / gRhayuddha se unake yaduvaMza kA vidhvaMsa huA jaMgala meM eka vyAtha ke bANa se svayaM unakA bhI nidhana huA / kRSNa kA vyaktitva atyanta mahatvapUrNa aura prabhAvazAlI thaa| ve rAjanIti ke bahuta bar3e jJAtA aura darzana ke prakANDa paNDita the / dhArmika jagat meM bhI ve netA aura pravartaka the / unhoMne samuccayavAdI (jJAna-karma-bhaktisamanvayI) bhAgavata dharma kA pravartana kiyA / apanI yogyatAoM ke kAraNa vAstava meM ve yugapuruSa the, jo Age cala kara yugAvatAra ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiye gaye / purANoM meM kRSNa kA varNana Izvara ke pUrNAvatAra ke rUpa meM hai| pUrNAvatAra kA sAGgopAGga rUpaka bhAgavata purANa meM pAyA jAtA hai| duSToM kA atyAcAra, avatAra kA uddezya, kArAgAra meM janma, yogamAyA kA janma, gocAraNa, gopa tathA gopiyA~, unakA ananya prema, duSTadalana, kaMsavadha, rAsa, vedAnta zikSaNa Adi kA vistRta varNana aura nirUpaNa isa purANa tathA anya purANoM meM upalabdha hai / harivaMza ( mahAbhArata ke pariziSTa) meM kRSNa kI kathA dubArA kahI gayI hai / kRSNa ne jisa bhAgavata dharma kA pravartana kiyA thA, Age calakara usameM ve svayaM upAsya mAna liye gaye / darzana meM itihAsa kA udAttIkaraNa huA aura kRSNa ke Izvaratva aura brahmapada kI pratiSThA huii| bhAgavata-vaiSNava dharma Aja bhArata kA bahumAnita aura pratiSThita dharma hai| bhArata meM isake sampradAyoM tathA upasampradAyoM kA vyApaka pracAra huA hai / de0 'avatAra' / kRSNakarNAmRta viSNu svAmI mata ke anuyAyI bilvamaGgala dvArA racita eka saMskRta kAvya, jisake viSaya rAdhA tathA kRSNa haiM / kAnoM meM amRta sIMcane ke samAna yaha bar3I madhura zravya racanA hai / - kRSNa caturdazI (zivarAtri ) - (1) phAlguna kRSNa caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| ziva isake devatA haiM / bhagavAn ziva ke caudaha nAmoM ke japa kA vidhAna hai / caudaha varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| 26 201 ( 2 ) kevala mahilAoM ke lie isakA vidhAna hai / kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ko upavAsa karanA caahie| ziva isake devatA haiM / eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / (3) mAgha mAsa ke kRSNa bhagavAn ziva kI bilvapatroM se vividha caritoM kRSNa pUrNAvatAra dina bhagavAn zaGkara kI pratimA ke sammukha guggula jalAnA cAhie / kRSNacarita - vaiSNava purANoM meM kRSNa ke kA varNana kaI dRSTiyoM se huA hai| athavA SoDazakalA - avatAra mAne gaye haiM / ataH inake jIvana meM vividhatA aura jIvana ke sabhI vaiSamya samanvita haiN| kRSNa kA vAhyataH virodhAtmaka caritra bahutoM ko bhrama meM DAla detA hai / parantu isake mUla meM samanvayAtmaka ekatA vartamAna hai / ataH inake bhaktoM ke lie vaiSamya pratIyamAna hai; vAstavika nahIM kRSNa ke pUrNAvatAra meM samagra jIvana kA citraNa hai / bhAgavata aura mahAbhArata meM kRSNacarita kA pUrA vikAsa pAyA jAtA hai| kRSNa caitanya solahavIM zatI ke prArambha meM do naye sampra dAya caitanya evaM vallabha utpanna hue / inameM caitanya kA mata prathama hai tathA isakI zikSAe~ tathA anya dhArmika vidhiyA~ pUrva ke anya sampradAyoM ke samIpa haiM / kRSNa caitanya kA bAlanAma vizvambhara thaa| ye baGgAla ke nadiyA ( navadvIpa ) nAmaka prasiddha sAMskRtika kendra meM utpanna hue the / bacapana meM hI ye tarka evaM vyAkaraNa ke jJAna ke lie prasiddha ho gaye / 1507 I0 meM Izvara purI ( mAdhva saMnyAsI ) se prabhAvita hokara bhAgavata purANa meM varNita bhakti ko inhoMne apane jIvana meM gambhIratA se grahaNa kiyaa| isake pazcAt inhoMne apanA upadeza Arambha kiyA tathA inake aneka ziSya ho gaye, jinameM advaitAcArya ( eka vRddha evaM sammAnanIya vaiSNava vidvAn ) evaM nityAnanda ( jo bahuta dina taka mAdhva the ) ullekhanIya haiM / isI samaya ina para nimbArkI evaM viSNusvAmiyoM kA bar3A prabhAva par3A tathA ye jayadeva, caNDIdAsa evaM vidyApati ke gItoM meM Ananda lene lage / isa prakAra inhoMne apane mAdhva zikSaka se vilaga hokara rAdhA ko apane vicAra evaM ArAdhanA meM pradhAnatA dii| ye adhikAMza samaya ziSyoM ke sAtha milakara rAdhA-kRSNa kI pakSa kI caturdazI ko pUjA karanI cAhie / isa

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202 kRSNajanmakhaNDa-kRSNadAsa adhikArI stutiyA~ ( saMkIrtana ) gAne meM vyatIta karane lage / prAyaH kahA jAtA hai / baMgalA bhASA meM caitanya ke Upara bahuta bar3A ye ziSyoM ko lekara nagara kIrtana kiyA karate / ye naye sAhitya vikasita huA hai, jo janatA meM bahuta lokamArga Age calakara bar3e hI lokapriya siddha hue / priya hai| kRSNajanmakhaNDa-brahmavaivartapurANa kA eka aMza / eka sva1509 I0 meM inhoMne kezava bhAratI se saMnyAsa kI dIkSA lI evaM 'kRSNa caitanya' nAma dhAraNa kiyaa| phira tantra grantha ke rUpa meM vaiSNavoM meM isakA bahuta Adara hai / ur3IsA meM jagannAthamandira, purI, cale gye| kucha varSoM nimbArka sampradAya kA yaha prAmANika grantha mAnA jAtA hai| kRSNajayantI-devatAoM ke janmotsava unakI avataraNa taka apanA sampUrNa samaya uttara tathA dakSiNa bhArata kI kI tithiyoM para manAye jAte haiN| inameM rAmajayantI, yAtrA meM bitaayaa| vRndAvana inako bahuta priya thA, jo kRSNajayantI evaM vinAyakajayantI ( gaNezacaturthI ) vizeSa rAdhA kI rAsabhUmi thii| ye isa samaya navadvIpavAsiyoM prasiddha haiN| kRSNajayantI viSNu ke avatAra ke rUpa meM dvArA kRSNa ke avatAra mAne jAne lage tathA inakA sampra manAyI jAtI hai| kRSNa kA janma bhAdrapada kRSNa aSTamI dAya prasiddha ho gyaa| 1516 I0 se ye purI meM rahane lge| ko huA thaa| isa dina bhagavAn kI mUrti ko sajAte haiM, yahA~ para inake kaI ziSya hue| inameM sArvabhauma, pratApa jhUle para jhulAte haiM, saMkIrtana va bhajana karate evaM vrata rudra ( ur3IsA ke rAjA ) tathA rAmAnanda rAya ( pratApa rakhate haiM tathA janmakAla (12 baje rAta ) vyatIta ho rudra ke mantrI) prasiddha haiN| do bar3e vidvAn ziSya inake jAne para prasAda grahaNa karate haiN| isa samaya bhAgavata aura hue jinhoMne Age calakara caitanya sampradAya ke purANa kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai, jisameM bhagavAn kRSNa kI dhArmika niyamoM evaM darzanoM ke sthApanArtha granthoM kI racanA janmakathA vaNita hai| kii| ye the rUpa evaM sanAtana / aura bhI dUsare ziSyoM ne ___ ardha rAtri meM aSTamI tithi aura rohiNI nakSatra hone rAdhA-kRSNa tathA caitanya kI prazaMsA meM gIta likhe| inameM para yaha parva kRSNajayantI kahA jAtA hai, isa yoga meM se narahari sarakAra, vAsudeva ghoSa evaM vaMzIvAdana kucha heraphera hone para isako kRSNajanmASTamI kahate haiN| pramukha the| kaSNadAsa kavirAja-caitanya sAhityamAlA meM ati prakhyAta caitanya na to vyavasthApaka the aura na lekhaka / inake grantha 'caitanyacaritAmRta' kI racanA kRSNadAsa kavirAja sampradAya kI vyavasthA kA kArya sa~bhAlA nityAnanda ne ne vRndAvana ke samIpa rAdhAkuNDa meM sAta varSa ke anavarata tathA dhArmika evaM dArzanika siddhAntoM kI sthApanA kI parizrama se 1582 I0 meM pUrI kI thii| isameM sampradAya ke rUpa evaM sanAtana ne| inakA kucha nayA siddhAnta nahIM netA kRSNacaitanya kA sampUrNa jIvana bar3I acchI zailI meM thaa| kintu sambhavataH caitanya ne hI madhva ke dvaita kI vaNita hai| dinezacandra sena ke zabdoM meM 'ba~galA bhASA meM apekSA nimbArka ke bhedAbheda ko apane sampradAya kA darzana racita yaha grantha caitanya tathA unake anuyAyiyoM kI maanaa| inake AdhAra grantha the bhAgavata purANa ( zrIdharI zikSAoM ko prastuta karanevAlA sarvazreSTha grantha hai|' vyAkhyA sahita ), caNDIdAsa, jayadeva evaM vidyApati ke kRSNadAsa (mAdhva)-solahavIM zatI ke eka vaiSNava AcArya / gIta, brahmasaMhitA tathA kRSNakarNAmRta kAvya / logoM para inhoMne kannaDa bhASA meM padyAtmaka racanA kI hai, jisakA inake prabhAva kA mukhya kAraNa thA dhArmika anubhava, prabhAva- viSaya mAdhvasampradAya tathA darzana hai| zAlI bhAvAveza (jaba ye kRSNa kI mUrti kI ora dekhate tathA kRSNadAsa adhikArI-vallabhAcArya ke aSTachApa sAhityaunake prema para bhASaNa karate the) tathA kRSNabhakti kI nirmAtAoM meM se eka bhakta kavi / inakA janma gujarAta ke saMsparzayukta evaM hArdika prazaMsA kI nayI prnnaalii| rAdhA- pATIdAra vaMza meM solahavIM zatI ke madhya huA thaa| kRSNa kI kathA ko hI inhoMne apanI ArAdhanA kA ballabhAcArya ke prabhAvazAlI putra gusA~I viTThalanAthajI mAdhyama banAyA, kyoMki inakA kahanA thA ki hamAre pAsa kA saMrakSaNa aura zrInAthajI kI pUjA-arcA kA prabandhabhAra manuSyoM kA sabase adhika hRdaya sparza karane vAlI koI kucha varSa inake adhIna thaa| sampradAyasevA ke sAtha hI ye aura gAthA nahIM hai / inakA mata 'gauDIya vaiSNava sampradAya' bhaktipUrNa padaracanA bhI karate the| utsavoM ke samaya ina

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kRSNadvAdazI-kRSNalIlAbhyudaya 203 padoM kA zAstrIya gAyana puSTimArgIya mandiroM meM aba bhI kRSNa-balarAmAvatAra-bhagavAn viSNu kA kRSNAvatAra aSTama pracalita hai| pUrNAvatAra ke rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai| kahA bhI gayA hai : kRSNadvAdazI-Azvina kRSNa dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anu- ete cAMzakalAH puMsaH kRSNastu bhagavAn svayam / ' sabhI SThAna hotA hai| dvAdazI ke dina upavAsa tathA vAsudeva ke avatAra aMzAvatAra haiM, kintu kRSNa-avatAra pUrNAvatAra hone pUjana kA vidhAna hai| vAsudevadvAdazI ke nAma se bhI yaha ke kAraNa sAkSAt bhagavatsvarUpa hai| kRSNa ke avatAra prasiddha hai| ke sAtha unake bar3e bhAI balarAma aMzAvatAra ke rUpa meM kRSNadeva-vijayanagara ke eka yazasvI rAjA (1509-29 avatarita hue the| ii0)| ye vidyA aura kalA ke prasiddha AzrayadAtA the| inake balarAma aura kRSNa kI utpatti ke pUrva pRthvI asurasamaya meM dakSiNa meM hindU dharma kA punarutthAna huaa| inake bhAra se pIr3ita hokara gau ke rUpa meM rotI huI brahmA ke rAjapaNDitoM ne karmamImAMsA kA uddhAra kiyA, vedoM kA pAsa gayI evaM brahmAdi sabhI devatAoM ne milakara pRthvI bhASya likhA evaM darzana tathA smRtiyoM kA saMgraha kiyaa| kI rakSA ke lie bhagavAn kI prArthanA kii| usa samaya inakI rAjasabhA ke do mahAn AcArya the do bhAI sAyaNa kaMsa evaM jarAsandha Adi balavAn asuroM se saMsAra pIr3ita (vedoM ke prasiddha bhASyakAra) aura mAdhava (dArzanika tathA thaa| dharma patana kI ora jA rahA thaa| dUsarI ora duryodhrmshaastrii)| dhana Adi kauravavaMzIya rAjAoM ke atyAcAroM se rAjA kRSNa dvaipAyana-vedAnta darzana athavA brahmasUtra ke mAnya aura prajA donoM meM hI bhayaMkara pApavRddhi ho rahI thii| lekhaka bAdarAyaNa the| bhAratIya paramparA inheM vedavyAsa idhara zizupAla, dantavakra, ke dvArA bhI saMsAra atyadhika tathA kRSNa dvaipAyana bhI kahatI hai| kintu inake jIvana ke pIr3ita thaa| isa prakAra isa bhayaMkara bhAra se pRthvI ke bAre meM vizeSa kucha jJAta nahIM hai| mahAbhArata ke anusAra uddhAra ke lie tathA dharmarakSaNArtha bhagavAn kA pUrNAvaye RSi parAzara tathA dhIvarakanyA satyavatI se utpanna tAra huaa| hue the / mAtA ne saMkocavaza inako eka dvIpa meM rakha diyA thA, jahA~ inakA pAlana-poSaNa huaa| isIlie ye dvaipAyana likhe haiM unameM eka kRSNabhaTTa bhI hai| (dvIpa meM pAlita) khlaaye| bhAratIya paramparA ke anusAra kaSNamizra-jejAkabhukti ke candela rAjA kIrtivarmA (1129ye vaidika saMhitAoM ke saMkalanakartA evaM sampAdaka evaM aThAraha 1163 I0) ke rAjakavi aura guru / inhoMne prabodhapurANoM tathA mahAbhArata ke racayitA the / bhAratIya sAhitya candrodaya nAmaka pratIkAtmaka nATaka kI racanA kii| janake itihAsa meM inakA sthAna advitIya hai / inake grantha para zruti ke anusAra jaba kIrtivarmA ne cedirAja karNa para vartI bhAratIya sAhitya ke upajIvya haiM / de0 'vyaas'| vijaya prApta kI to yuddha meM raktapAta dekhakara usake mana meM kRSNadolotsava-caitra zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ko isa vrata / vairAgya utpanna huaa| usI samaya kRSNamizra ne kIrtivarmA kA anuSThAna hotA hai| bhagavAn kRSNa kI pratimA (lakSmI ke manoraJjana ke lie bar3I paTutA se isa nATaka kI sahita) kisI jhUle meM virAjamAna karake usakA damanaka racanA kii| yaha dArzanika nATaka hai aura isameM advaita nAmaka pattiyoM se pUjana karanA caahie| rAtri meM jAgaraNa vedAnta ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| isakI kA vidhAna hai / de0 smRtikaustubha, 101 / zailI rUpakAtmaka hai / isake pAtra viveka, prabodha, sAdhana kRSNadhyAnapaddhati-appaya dIkSita kRta 'kRSNadhyAnapaddhati' aura unake virodhI manovikAra haiN| isameM darzAyA gayA hai evaM usakI vyAkhyA eka utkRSTa racanA hai / yaha vaiSNavoM meM ki kisa prakAra mAnava sAMsArika vikAroM aura prapaJcoM se ati priya aura prasiddha grantha hai| mukta hokara mokSa prApta kara sakatA hai / isameM virodhI matoM kRSNapremAmRta-vallabha saMpradAya kA eka mAnya grantha / isakA aura pAkhaNDoM kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| de0 prabodhanirmANakAla 1531 I0 ke lagabhaga hai| viTThalanAthajI candrodaya / ne isakI racanA kI thii| atyanta lalita chandoM meM kRSNa- kRSNalIlAbhyudaya--bhAgavata purANa ke dazama skandha kA yaha bhakti kI abhivyakti isameM kI gayI hai| kannaDa anuvAda 1590 I0 ke lagabhaga beGkaTa AnAmaka

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204 kRSNaSaSThI-ketu eka AcArya ne kiyA thaa| yaha karNATaka meM usI prakAra kRSNapiGgalA-durgA kA eka paryAya (kRSNa-piGgala varNalokapriya hai, jisa prakAra hindI kSetra meM premasAgara aura yuktaa)| kahIM-kahIM ziva ko bhI kRSNa-piGgala rUpa meM sukhasAgara / sambodhita kiyA gayA hai : kRSNaSaSThI-(1) mArgazIrSa kRSNa SaSThI ko isa vrata kA RtaM satyaM paraM brahma puruSaM kRSNapiGgalam / anuSThAna hotA hai / eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa karanA UrdhvaliGgaM virUpAkSaM vizvarUpaM nato'smyaham / / caahie| sUrya kA pratyeka mAsa meM bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se kRSNa yajurveda-yajurveda kA prAcIna pATha, jisameM mantroM ke sAtha pUjana honA caahie| brAhmaNa bhAga bhI milA huA hai| mantra-brAhmaNa ke pArthakya (2) mAsa ke donoM pakSoM kI SaSThI ko eka varSaparyanta ke samajhane meM durUhatA hone ke kAraNa isako kRSNa yajurveda isa vrata kA anuSThAna honA cAhie / nakta bhojana karanA kahA jAne lgaa| isake pAThavivecana meM yAjJavalkya RSi cAhie tathA svAmI kArtikeya ko arghya denA caahie| kA guru se matabheda ho gayA thA, taba guru ne unase apanA veda kRSNastavarAja-nimbArkAcArya dvArA racita eka choTA stotra ugalavA liyA (chIna liyaa)| bAda meM yAjJavalkya mantragrantha / yaha nimbArkasampradAya meM bahuta lokapriya hai| kintu yaha brAhmaNa kA 'zukla yajurveda' ke nAma se alagAva kara paaye| nizcita nahIM hai ki yaha Adya AcArya kI racanA hai yA kRSNasAra mRga-kAlI pITha vAlA purAnA hirana / dharmazAstra bAda ke kisI AcArya kii| ke anusAra aise mRga jisa kSetra meM svacchanda ghUmate haiM, vaha kRSNAnanda-taittirIyopaniSad para aneka bhASya aura vRttiyA~ tapasyA ke yogya pavitra mAnA gayA hai| zikAriyoM ke krUra haiM / kRSNAnanda svAmI kI bhI eka vRtti isa para hai| hiMsAkarma se bace rahane para hirana kAle par3a jAte haiM, ataH kRSNAnanda vAgIza-zAkta sAhitya ke unnIsavIM zatI ke / aisA niSpApa sthAna zuddha samajhA jAtA hai| pramukha AcArya / inhoMne 'tantrasAra' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kRSNA-kAlindI yA yamunA nadI kA eka nAma / kI hai| pANDavoM kI patnI draupadI kA nAma bhI kRSNA hai| kRSNAmRtamahArNava-madhvAcArya racita eka grantha / isakI eka kAlI devI bhI kRSNA kahI jAtI hai| TIkA AcArya zrInivAsa tIrtha ne 18 vIM zatI meM kRSNA nadI-dakSiNa bhArata kI puNyasalilA ndii| isake likhI hai| paryAya haiM kRSNaveNyA, kRSNagaGgA Adi / mahAbhArata (6.9. kRSNArcanavIpikA-solahavIM zatI meM caitanyamata ke prasiddha 33) meM isakA nimnAGkita ullekha hai : AcArya jIva gosvAmI dvArA viracita grantha / isameM zrI sadA nirAmayAM kRSNAM mandagAM mandavAhinIm / kRSNa kI sevA-pUjA kA vidhAna bhalI bhA~ti varNita hai| [kRSNA sadA pavitra, manda gati aura manda pravAha vAlI hai|] rAjanighaNTu ke anusAra isake jala ke guNa svacchatva, kRSNAlaGkAra-appaya dIkSita kRta 'siddhAntaleza' para ___ rucyatva, dIpanatva tathA pAcakatva haiM / acyuta kRSNAnandatIrtha kRta TIkA / TIkA kI racanA meM ketu-nava grahoM meM se antima / isakI gaNanA duSTa grahoM meM inheM adbhuta saphalatA prApta huI hai| hai| yaha rAhu (grasane vAle graha) kA zarIra (dhar3a) mAnA kRSNAvatAra-de0 'kRSNa' tathA 'kRssnn-blraamaavtaar'| jAtA hai| jyotiSatatva meM isakI riSTi (kuphala) kA varNana kaSNASTamIvrata-mArgazIrSa kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai: anuSThAna hotA hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa honA keturyasminnRkSe'bhyuditastasmin prasUyate jantuH / caahie| ziva isake devatA haiN| pratyeka mAsa meM bhagavAn raudre sarpamuharte vA prANaH saMtyajatyAzu / / ziva kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjana tathA pratyeka mAsa meM [ArdrA, AzleSA athavA ketu jisa nakSatra meM ho, ina bhinna-bhinna naivedya padArthoM kA arpaNa karanA caahie| nakSatroM meM janma lene vAle vyakti ko prANasaMkaTa hotA hai|] kRSNopaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad, jisameM kRSNa kA isake dazAphala kA pUrNa varNana keralIyajAtaka nAmaka dArzanika rUpa vyAkhyAta huA hai / vaiSNava sampradAya meM isakA grantha meM pAyA jAtA hai| dUrasaMcArI dhUmaketu nAmaka upavizeSa Adara hai| graha bhI ketu kahe gaye haiM / jyotiSa granthoM ke ketucArAdhyAya

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kedAragaurIvrata-kevala 205 meM unakI gati aura krUra phala kA vistRta varNana milatA janamejaya ne kSIragaGgA, svargadvAragaGgA, sarasvatI aura hai| de0 gargasaMhitA, bRhatsaMhitA Adi grantha / Adhunika mandAkinI ke saGgama ke bIca ke bhUkSetra kA dAna isa granthakAroM meM mathurAnAtha vidyAlaGkAra ne apane samayAmRta uddezya se kiyA ki Ananda liGga jaGgama ke ziSya kedAranAmaka grantha meM ketu ke utpAtoM kA savistAra vivaraNa kSetravAsI jJAnaliGga jaGgama isakI Aya se bhagavAn kiyA hai| kedArezvara kI pUjA-arcA kiyA kreN| abhilekha ke anusAra __ Rgveda (10.8.1) meM sUrya aura usakI razmiyoM ke lie yaha dAna unhoMne mArgazIrSa amAvasyA somavAra ko yudhi'ketu' zabda kA prayoga huA hai (devaM vahanti ketvH)| SThira ke rAjyArohaNa ke navAsI varSa bItane para plavaGgama kedAra-gaurIvrata-kArtikI amAvasyA ke dina isa vrata kA nAmaka saMvatsara meM kiyA thA / bhUtapUrva TIharI rAjya ke rAjA anuSThAna hotA hai| isa tithi ko gaurI tathA kedAra ziva isa pITha ke ziSya haiM aura bhArata ke teraha nareza (jinameM ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| 'ahalyAkAmadhenu' ke anusAra nepAla, kazmIra aura udayapura bhI haiM) prati varSa apanI ora yaha vrata dAkSiNAtyoM meM vizeSa prasiddha hai| isa grantha meM se pUjA aura bheMTa karate rahe haiN| isa maTha ke adhIna aneka padmapurANa se eka kathA bhI uddhRta kI gayI hai| zAkhAmaTha hai| kedAranAtha-ziva kA eka paryAya / isakI vyutpatti isa kenopaniSada-sAmavedIya upaniSad granthoM meM chAndogya evaM prakAra batAyI gayI hai : 'ke' (mastaka meM) 'dArA' (jaTA ke kenopaniSad prasiddha hai| isa upaniSad kA dUsarA nAma bhItara gaGgArUpiNI patnI) haiM jinkii| kedAranAtha eka talavakAra hai / yaha talavakAra brAhmaNa ke antargata hai / kahA tIrtha bhI hai jo uttarAkhaNDa ke zava tIrthoM meM yaha atyanta jAtA hai ki DAkTara vAranela ne taMjaura meM isa talavakAra pavitra mAnA gayA hai / isake lie yAtrA prArambha karane mAtra brAhmaNa grantha ko pAyA thaa| isake 135 se lekara 145veM se saba pApoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| khaNDa taka ko 'talavakAra upaniSad' athavA 'kenopaniSad' ___ haThayoga meM bhramadhya ke sthAnavizeSa ko kedAra kahA gayA mAnA jAtA hai / chAndogya evaM kena para zaGkarAcArya ke bhASya hai / haThayogadIpikA (3.24) meM kathana hai : haiM tathA anya AcAryoM ne aneka vRttiyA~ aura TIkAe~ kAlapAzamahAbandhavimocanavicakSaNaH / likhI haiN| upaniSad kA kena' nAma isalie par3A ki triveNIsaGgamaM dhatte kedAraM prApayanmanaH / / isakA prArambha 'kena' (kisake dvArA) zabda se hotA hai| isa TIkA meM spaSTa kiyA gayA hai : isameM usa sattA kA anveSaNa kiyA gayA hai jisake dvArA donoM bhauMhoM ke bIca meM ziva kA sthAna hai| vaha kedAra / sampUrNa vizva kA dhAraNa aura saJcAlana hotA hai| keralotpatti-zaGkara ke AvirbhAvakAla ke nirNAyaka pramANa zabda se vAcya hai| usI para apanA mana kendrita karanA caahie| granthoM meM keralotpatti kA bhI eka pramukha sthAna hai / isake anusAra zaGkara kA kalivarSa 3057 meM AvirbhAva huA / vIra zaivamata kI vyavasthA ke antargata prArambhika pA~ca zaGkara kA jIvanakAla bhI isameM 32 varSa ke sthAna para maTha mukhya the / inameM kedAranAtha (himAlaya pradeza) kA sthAna 38 varSa likhA hai| kintu yaha paramparA prAmANika nahIM prathama hai| isake prathama mahanta ekorAmArAdhya kahe jAte jAna pdd'tii| AcArya zaGkara kI prAcInatA pradarzita karane haiM / bhaktoM kA vizvAsa hai ki zrI kedArajI ke rAmanAtha ke lie yaha mata pracalita kiyA gayA lagatA hai| liGga se, jo bhagavAn ziva ke aghora rUpa haiM, eko rAmArAdhya prakaTa hue the| kereya padmarasa-kannaDa vIrazaiva sAhitya meM padmarAja nAmaka uttarAkhaNDa kA kedArezvara maTha bahuta prAcIna hai / isakI purANa kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM 'ke reya padmarasa' kI prAcInatA kA mahattvapUrNa pramANa eka tAmrazAsanapatra se kathA likhI gayI hai| isa purANa kI racanA san 1385 hotA hai jo usI maTha meM kahIM surakSita hai| isake I0 meM padmanAGka ne kI thii| anusAra mahArAja janamejaya ke rAjatva kAla meM svAmI kevala-bhaktimArga meM AtmA ko cAra zreNiyoM meM bAMTA gayA AnandaliGga jaGgama isa maTha ke guru the| unhIM ke nAma hai : baddha, mumukSa, kevala evaM mukta / kevala avasthA ko

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206 keza-kezavacandrasena punarunmeSa hotA hai| isake AcArya do prakAra ke hue : gRhastha tathA saMnyAsI / ina AcAryoM meM kezava kAzmIrI kA nAma sarvapramukha rUpa se AtA hai| punarvikAsakAla ke Arambhika netAoM kA yugma kezava kAzmIrI ( nimbArko meM agraNI) tathA unake bhaginIpati harivyAsa deva (nimbArkoM ke anya netA) kA thA / ye kRSNacaitanya evaM vallabhAcArya ke samakAlIna the| kezava kAzmIrI prasiddha tArkika vidvAn evaM nimbArkadarzana ke bhASyakAra the / upAsanA ke kSetra meM unakI 'kramadIpikA' kI vizeSa pratiSThA hai jo vizeSakara gautamIya tantra ke AdhAra para nirmita 'bhakta' bhI kahate haiN| kevala kA hRdaya pavitra hotA hai| kevala ArAdhya meM hI tallIna rahatA hai aura bhakti ke sAtha mukti ke patha para agrasara hotA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra puruSa aura prakRti ke pArthakya kI sthiti 'kaivalya' kahalAtI hai / isa sthiti meM rahanevAlA mukta AtmA 'kevala' kahalAtA hai| jaina dharma meM jise zuddha (kevala) jJAna prApta ho gayA ho, aise jina vizeSa ko 'kevalI' kahA jAtA hai| haThayogadopikA (2.71) ke anusAra 'kevala' kumbhaka kA eka bheda hai : prANAyAmastridhA prokto reca-pUraka-kumbhakaiH / sahitaH kevalazceti kumbhako dvividho mataH / / [prANAyAma tIna prakAra kA kahA gayA hai : recaka, pUraka aura kumbhaka / kumbhaka bhI do prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai: sahita aura kevala / ] keza-dhArmika AjJAnusAra sikkhoM ke dhAraNa karane ke pA~ca upAdAnoM meM pahalA keza hai| ye kabhI kaTAye nahIM jAte / pA~ca upAdAna pA~ca 'kakAra' (ka varNa se prArambha hone vAle zabda) kahalAte haiM : keza, kRpANa, kar3A, kaccha aura kaMdhA / pUrNa keza rakhane kI prathA ko dazama guru govindasiMha ne prArambha kiyA thaa| khAlasA sikkhoM kA yaha pramukha cihna hai, jo nAnakapaMthiyoM se unako pathaka karatA hai| kezava-viSNu kA eka nAma / isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gayI hai : 'ka (jala) meM jo sotA hai ( ke jale zete iti)| bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra parabrahmazakti ko hI kezava kahA gayA hai : 'brahma-viSNu-rudra-saMjJAH zaktayaH kezasaMjJitAH / ' sundara lambe keza (bAla) rakhane ke kAraNa bhI viSNa ko kezava kahate haiM / athavA ka brahmA, Iza rudra ina donoM ko apane svarUpa meM lIna kara jo paramAtmA rUpa se eka mAtra avasthita rahatA hai vaha 'kezava' hai| rivaMza- purANa (80.66) ke anusAra kezI nAmaka asura kA vadha karane ke kAraNa viSNu kA nAma kezava par3A (kezaM kezinaM vAti hanti iti): yasmAttvayA hataH kezI tasmAnmacchAzanaM zRNu / kezavo nAma nAmnA tvaM khyAto loke bhaviSyasi // kezava kAzmIrI-nimbArkoM kA itihAsa 1350 I0 se 1500 I0 taka ajJAta hai| kintu 1500 se isakA kezavacandra sena-bhAratIya punarjAgaraNa ke Andolana meM 'brahmasamAja' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yaha Andolana 1828 I0 meM rAjA rAmamohana rAya dvArA Arambha huaa| Andolana kA prathama caraNa 1841 meM samApta huaa| dUsare caraNa ke netA devendranAtha ThAkura tathA unake eka navayuvaka sahayogI kezavacandra sena the| dUsare caraNa meM samAja kAphI pragati para thA evaM kezava ke sahayoga ne ise aura bhI gati dii| ye sambhrAnta vaidyakula ke vyakti the tathA inhoMne Adhunika ucca zikSA prApta kI thii| 1857 I0 meM samAja ko sadasyatA grahaNa kara 1859 se inhoMne apanI sampUrNa pratibhA samAjonnati meM lagAnA Arambha kiyaa| devendranAtha ThAkura inheM bahuta pasanda karate the| pA~ca varSa taka donoM ne sAtha-sAtha kArya kiyaa| isI samaya 'brAhma vidyAlaya' kholA gayA jisameM kezavacandra ne aMgrejI meM tathA devendranAtha ne mAtRbhASA meM apane siddhAntoM ko smjhaayaa| isake phalasvarUpa aneka navayuvaka samAja meM sammilita hue| isa bIca kezava ne 'baiMka Apha baMgAla' meM naukarI kara lI kintu use unhoMne 1861 meM tyAga diyA tathA apanA saMpUrNa samaya samAja ke lie dene lge| 'saMgati sabhA' ke aneka anuyAyiyoM ne kezava kA anugamana kiyA, jinameM pratApacandra majumadAra pradhAna the / eka patrikA "iNDiyana mirara" nikAlI jAne lgii| 1862 I0 meM devendranAtha ne kezavacandra ko nayA sammAna diyaa| samAja ke AcArya kevala brAhmaNa huA karate the| devendranAtha svayaM rAmAja ke AcArya the evaM

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kezavaprayAga-kezavAcArya 207 do aura kAma upAcArya karane vAle the| devendranAtha ne sAhitya, dAna, strI vikAsa, zikSA aura Atmanigraha / kezava ko AcArya pada pradAna kiyaa| aneka kArya aura saMsthAyeM isa samaya prArambha kI gaI, yathA isa samaya kezavacandra ne hindu samAja kA virodha nArmala skUla pavAra garlsa, vikToriyA insTITyUzana sahana karate hue apanI strI ko samAjasevA meM lgaayaa| phvAra vImena, inDasTriyala skUla phAra bvAyeja evaM bhArata isase bar3A lAbha haa| brAhmoM ne apanI striyoM ko Azrama, jisameM striyoM evaM zizuoM ko zikSA dI adhika svAdhInatA pradAna karanA Arambha kiyA jo jAtI thii| Age calakara strIsvAdhInatA Andolana meM bahuta hI sahAyaka huaa| isa samaya taka kezava apane ko Izvara ke Adeza logoM do varSa bAda kezava ne baMbaI evaM madrAsa meM bhI 'brahma taka pahu~cAnevAlA samajhane lage tathA dUsaroM ko unhoMne samAja' kI sthApanA kraayii| jaba kezava yAtrA para the Adeza denA Arambha kiyaa| ataeva samAja ke andara tabhI devendranAtha ko kucha prAcIna vicAroM ne prabhAvita kezava kA virodha Arambha ho gyaa| phira eka bAra kezava kiyA tathA unhoMne kezava ke sthAna para upAcAryoM ko ke jIvana meM udAsI AyI, kintu IzvarArAdhanA meM lIna kArya karane kI anumati de dii| kezava ke dala ne isakA ho inhoMne saba bhulA diyaa| kezava ne mRtyu ke pahale virodha kiyA aura isa prakAra do samAjoM kI sthApanA phira eka vAra pazcima kI yAtrA kii| inake antima huii| devendranAtha kA samAja 'AdisamAja' tathA kezava samaya taka 173 brahmasamAja kI zAkhAe~ ho gayI thIM, 1500 kA 'nava brahmasamAja' kahalAyA / pakke sadasya tathA 500 anuyAyI the / inake dvArA saMcAyahA~ se samAja kA tIsarA caraNa yA yuga Arambha lita Andolana ne baMgAla meM sudhAra aura navajIvana kI hotA hai| devendranAtha kA sAtha chUTa jAne para kezavacandra ne eka lahara sI phailA dii| Izvara para bharosA rakhA tathA unheM nayI preraNA va sphUrti kezavaprayAga-mANA grAma ke pAsa alakanandA meM jahA~ prApta huii| unhoMne aneka pracAraka evaM bhakta prApta kiye aura sarasvatI kI dhArA milatI hai usa sthAna ko kezavaprArthanA meM inako vizeSa zAnti milii| ghara para hI prayAga kahate haiM / uttarAkhaNDa ke tIrthoM meM yaha prasiddha hai / sadasyoM kI bhIr3a jamatI tathA dhArmika sevAoM evaM kezava bhaTTa-nimbArkAcArya kI paraMparA ke uttarArddha meM prArthanA meM loga khUba hAtha bttaate| vaiSNava dharma se, unake do ziSya bahuta prasiddha hue; eka kezava bhaTTa jo inakA pArivArika dharma thA, kezava ne isa samaya tathA dUsare harivyAsa / inhIM do ziSyoM se do zreNiyA~ bahuta kucha liyaa| bhakti, jo hiMdU dharma meM Izvaraprema evaM nikalI haiN| gRhastha aura saMnyAsI jo ApasI bhedoM ke usameM vizvAsa kA pratIka hai, isa Andolana kA pradhAna hote hue bhI bar3e Adata the / de0 'kezava kAzmIrI' / aGga bana gyii| 22 agasta 1869 ko machuA bAjAra kezava mizra-nyAyavaizeSika darzana ke AcArya / inakA (kalakattA) meM kezavacandra ne eka bhavana banavAyA jise udayakAla 13vIM zatI hai / inhoMne tarkabhASA nAmaka grantha mandira kI saMjJA dI gyii| yahA~ anekoM pratiSThita loga kI racanA kI hai| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda mahAmahopAdhyAya Ane lage tathA samAja ke sadasya hue| mandira ke nirmANa paM0 gaMgAnAtha jhA ne kiyA / ke kucha hI dina bAda inhoMne bilAyata kI yAtrA kii| kezavasvAmI gopAla-inhoMne baudhAyana zrautasUtra para bhASya vahA~ inakA bar3A sammAna huA / iMgalaiNDa meM bahusaMkhyaka likhA hai| logoM ke bIca kezava ne bhASaNa kiyaa| briTena kI mahA- kezavAcArya-nimbArkAcArya ke ziSya zrInivAsa dvArA kRta rAnI ne bhI inase bheMTa kii| briTiza krizciyana homa ne brahmasUtrabhASya ke vyaakhyaataa| ye pandrahavIM zatI meM hue the inheM sarvAdhika prabhAvita kiyaa| aura caitanya mahAprabhu ke samaya meM jIvita the / nimbArkAkalakattA lauTakara kezava ne aneka prakAra ke sudhAra cArya ke 'vedAntaparijAtasaurabha' kA bhASya 'vedAntaprArambha kiye| eka nayA samAja 'iNDiyana riphArma kaustubha' nAma se zrInivAsAcArya ne likhA aura 'vedAntaesosiezana' banAyA, jisake pA~ca vibhAga the-sastA kaustubha' kI TIkA kezavAcArya ne likhii| nimbArkAcArya

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208 kaiyaTa-kaigalyasAra kI paraMparA meM ye atyanta praur3ha vidvAn mAne jAte haiN| 'Asa' nivAsa kiyA jAtA hai ( kelInAM samUhaH kailam, de0 'kezava bhtttt'| kailenAsyate atra) / yahA~ ziva pArvatI ke sAtha nivAsa karate kayaTa-zabdAdvaitavAda ke sabase prathama dArzanika vyAkhyAtA haiM aura unake gaNa itastataH kilola kiyA karate haiN| bhartahari the| unake pazcAt bhartamitra hue, jinakA sphoTa bhAgavata purANa meM sumeru parvata ke pUrva meM jaThara aura para 'sphoTasiddhi' nAmaka grantha aba upalabdha ho gayA hai| devakUTa, pazcima meM pavana aura pAriyAtra tathA dakSiNa meM inake bAda isa siddhAnta kA pUrNa varNana puNyarAja evaM kaiyaTa kailAsa aura karavIra parvata sthita kahe gaye haiN| ke vyAkhyAnibandhoM meM pAyA jAtA hai, jo kramazaH 'vAkya- kailAsanAtha-kailAsa kSetra ke svAmI, kubera, jo yakSoM ke padIya' aura 'pAtaJjali mahAbhASya' para hai| kaiyaTa kA rAjA aura dhana ke devatA haiM / inakI rAjadhAnI alakApurI samaya 11vIM zatAbdI hai aura ye kazmIradezIya the| kailAsa kI droNI meM basI haI aura mAnavoM ke lie agocara inakI TIkA ke bala para hI pazcAtkAlIna vidvAn mahA- hai| kailAsa ke zirobhAga para zaMkarajI kA nivAsa hai, ataH bhASya ko samajhane meM samartha ho ske| TIkA ke upakrama meM ve bhI kailAsanAtha kahalAte haiN| inakA kahanA hai : kailAsasaMhitA-zivapurANa ke sAta khaNDa haiM : 1. vizvezvarabhASyAbdhiH kvAtigambhIraH kvAhaM mandamatistathA / saMhitA, 2. rudrasaMhitA, 3. zatarudrasaMhitA, 4. koTitathApi haribaddhana sAreNa granthasetunA / rudrasaMhitA, 5. umAsaMhitA, 6. kailAsasaMhitA evaM kramamANaH zanaiH pAraM tasya prAptAsmi paMguvat // 7. vAyavIya saMhitA (pUrva evaM uttara do khaNDa yukt)| mahAbhASya kI durbodhatA ko lekara zrI harSa jaise mahA- kailAsasaMhitA meM kula 23 adhyAya haiM / de0 'zivapurANa' / kavi ne 'naiSadhacarita' meM eka adbhUta upamA dI hai| kaivadyadIpikA-yaha mAnabhAu saMpradAya kA eka grantha hai, jo unhoMne nala kI rAjadhAnI zatruoM ke lie vaisI hI abhedya saMskRta meM racA gayA hai| 'mAnabhAu' yA mahAnubhAva mata batalAyI hai jaisI paMDitoM ke lie mahAbhASya kI phakkikAe~ mahArASTra kI ora pracalita hai| abodhya thiiN| kaiyaTa ne inheM sUbodhya banA diyA / kaivarta-eka varNasaMkara jAti / brahmavaivartapurANa ke anusAra kailAsa-himAlaya kA sarvAdhika pavitra zikhara / mAnasarovara kSatriya puruSa aura vaizya strI se utpanna saMtAna isa jAti kI se kailAsa lagabhaga 20 mIla dUra hai| pUre kailAsa kI hotI hai / isake paryAya haiM dAza, dhIvara, dAzeraka, jAlika / AkRti virAT zivaliGga jaisI hai, jo mAnoM pavato ka manusmRti (10.34 ) meM bhI kaivarta kI gaNanA saMkara eka SoDazadala kamala ke madhya sthita hai / kailAsa zikhara jAtiyoM meM kI gayI hai : Asa-pAsa ke samasta zikharoM se U~cA hai| isakI pari- niSAdo mArgavaM sUte dAzaM naukarmajIvinam / kramA 32 mIla kI hai jise yAtrI prAyaH tIna dinoM meM pUrI kaivartamiti yaM prAharAryAvartanivAsinaH // karate haiM / kailAsa kA Urdhva bhAga to prAyaH agamya hai, kevalya-saba upAdhiyoM se rahita kevala ( zaddha mAtra ) kI usakA sparza yAtrAmArga se lagabhaga Der3ha mIla sIdhI car3hAI avasthA ( bhAva ) / yaha mokSa athavA mukti kA paryAya hai| pAra karake kiyA jA sakatA hai aura yaha car3hAI parvatArohaNa pAtaJjali yogasUtra ke kaivalya pAda meM kahA gayA hai : kI viziSTa taiyArI ke vinA zakya nahIM hai / kailAsa ke puruSArthazUnyAnAM guNAnAM pratiprasavaH kaivalyaM svarUpazikhara kI U~cAI samudrastara se 19,000 phuTa kahI jAtI pratiSThA vA citizaktiriti / ( satra 33) / hai| kailAsa ke darzana evaM parikramA karane para jo adbhUta [jaba sabhI gaNoM-sattva. raja aura tama kA paruSArtha zAnti evaM pavitratA kA anubhava hotA hai vaha svayaM anubhava (kArya) samApta ho jAtA hai aura usase jo sthiti kI vastu hai| utpanna hotI hai vahI sabhI vikAroM se rahita sthiti kaivalya kailAsa zabda kI vyutpatti kaI prakAra se kI gayI hai : hai| athavA apane svarUpa ( zuddha jJAnarUpa ) meM pratiSThA ka arthAt jala meM jisakA lasana athavA lAsya ho (ke jale (samyak sthiti ) kaivalya hai / ] lAso lasanaM dIptirasya ) vaha kailAsa kahalAtA hai / dUsarI kaivalyasAra-vIrazaiva mata kA pandrahavIM zatI meM racita eka vyutpatti hai : keliyoM kA samUha kaila; 'kala' ke sAtha yahA~ grantha / isake racayitA maritoNTadArya nAmaka AcArya hai|

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kaivalyopaniSad-koNArka 209 kaivalyopaniSad -eka zaiva upaniSada, jo atharvaziras upa- koTirudrasaMhitA-zivapurANa ke sAta khaNDoM meM se cauthe khaNDa niSad kI hI samakAlIna hai| kA nAma / isameM kula 43 adhyAya haiM / de0 'zivapurANa / ' kokilAvata-mukhyataH mahilAoM ke lie isa vrata kA koTihoma-matsyapurANa (93.5-6) ke anusAra navagrahahoma vidhAna hai / Azvina pUrNimA kI sandhyA ko isakA saMkalpa usa samaya ayutahoma kahalAtA hai jaba AhutiyoM kI saMkhyA karanA cAhie, ASAr3hI pUrNimA ke pazcAt eka mAsa taka dasa sahasra ho| isI krama se bar3hate hue eka anya prakAra suvarNa athavA tiloM kI kokilA ke rUpa meM gaurI banAkara kA homa lakSahoma hai tathA tIsarA koTihoma hai| vastutaH usakA pUjana karanA cAhie / eka mAsa taka nakta bhojana navagrahamakha azubha zakunoM tathA krUra grahoM ke prazamanArtha kA vidhAna hai| mAsAnta meM eka tAmrapAtra meM ratnoM kI hotA hai / matsyapurANa (93) meM uparyukta tInoM homoM kA A~kheM, cA~dI kI coMca tathA paira banavAkara kokilA kA varNana hai / bANabhaTTa ke harSacarita ke anusAra jisa samaya dAna karanA caahie| aisA kahA jAtA hai ki bhagavAna ziva prabhAkaravarddhana mRtyuzayyA para thA usa samaya koTihoma kA ne dakSa ke yajJa kA vidhvaMsa karane ke bAda gaurI ko Ayojana kiyA gayA thaa| kokilA ho jAne kA zApa diyA thaa| sUvarNa kI eka koTIzvarIvrata-bhAdra zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anukokilA banAkara, jisakI A~kheM motiyoM kI hoM tathA SThAna hotA hai| cAra varSa taka isakA AcaraNa karanA paira cA~dI ke hoM, SoDazopacArapUrvaka pUjana karanA caahie| isa dina upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| eka lAkha cAhie / sukha, samRddhi ke lie yaha vrata vAMchanIya hai| akSata athavA tila dUdha meM DAlane cAhie / tadanantara devI tamilanADu ke paMcAGgoM meM isakA anuSThAna jyeSTha 14 pArvatI kI eka sthUla pratimA banAkara usakA pUjana karanA ( mithuna ) ko batalAyA gayA hai| cAhie / isa pUjana se na to dAridraya rahegA na koI anya kojAgara ( kaumudImahotsana)-Azvina pUrNimA ke dina vipatti, ATha santAna aura sundara pati kI prApti hogii| isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM lakSmI tathA airAvatArUr3ha isakA nAma lakSezvarI bhI hai| indra kA pUjana rAtri meM karanA cAhie / ghI athavA tila koTitIrtha yA koTIzvara yA zivakoTi zaMkarajI kI ke tela ke bahusaMkhyaka dIpaka mukhya sar3akoM para, mandiroM meM, eka karor3a mUrtiyoM kA bhI nAma hai / aisA eka tIrtha prayAgabAgoM meM tathA gharoM meM prajvalita karane caahie| dUsare rAja meM gaMgAjI ke bar3e rela pula ke pAsa hai| yahA~ laMkAdina prAtaHkAla indra kI pUjA honI cAhie / brAhmaNoM vijaya kara lauTate samaya rAmacandrajI eka karor3a zivako atyanta svAdiSTha bhojana karAnA caahie| liGgapurANa mUrtiyoM kA ekatantra meM pUjana kara rAvaNavadha ke pApa se ke anusAra dayAlutA kI mUrti lakSmI madhya rAtri ke samaya mukta hue the| paribhramaNa karatI huI kahatI hai : "kauna jAga rahA hai ?" koTezvara-himAlaya meM sthita eka tIrthasthAna / devaprayAga se manuSyoM ko nAriyala meM bharA huA pAnI ( rasa ) pInA kharsADA 10 mIla aura yahA~ se koTezvara 4 mIla dUra hai / cAhie tathA pAsoM se khelanA cAhie / 'ko jAgati' na yahA~ koTezvara mahAdeva kA mandira hai| do zabdoM meM 'kojAgara' vrata kI dhvani vidyamAna hai| ise koNArka-bhuvanezvara se lagabhaga 42 mIla dakSiNapUrva ur3IsA kANAka-bhuvanazvara sa 'kaumadImahotsava' bhI kahA jAtA hai| sambhavataH kojAga kA yaha eka saura tIrtha hai / sthAnIya janazruti ke anusAra zabda 'kaumudIjAgara' kA hI saMketAtmaka tathA saMkSipta rUpa eka bAra bhagavAn zrIkRSNa ke putra sAmba ko kuSTha roga ho hai| kaumudImahotsava ke lie de0 kRtyakalpataru ( rAjadharma), gayA thaa| bhagavAn kI AjJA se isa sthAna para koNAditya 10 182-183; rAjanItiprakAza ( vIramitrodaya ), 10 kI ArAdhanA karane se unakA kuSTha dUra huA / pazcAt 419-421 / sAmba ne yahA~ sUryamUrti sthApita kI thI (yaha mUrti aba purI koTimAhezvarI-himAlaya sthita eka tIrthasthAna / yaha meM hai)| yaha upAkhyAna sUryapUjA sambandhI paurANika kathA sthAna kAlImaTha se do mIla dUra hai| yahA~ koTimAhezvarI ___kA rUpAntara hai| vAstava meM mUla sUryamandira paMjAba devI kA mandira hai / yAtrI yahA~ pitatarpaNa tathA piNDadAna meM candrabhAgA (cenAva) aura sindhunada ke saMgama para mulakarate haiN| tAna - mUlasthAna meM thaa| turkoM dvArA usake naSTa hone para 27

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210 koNArka vAlA sUryamandira san 1250 meM banA aura nayA candrabhAgAtIrtha sthApita huaa| isa mandira meM bhAskarva kalA paramparA kA sampUrNa vaibhava dRSTigocara hotA hai| kintu yaha Aja bhagnAvasthA meM hai| bhArata ke lagabhaga sabhI sUryamandiroM kI yahI avasthA hai| vAstava meM saura mata kA prabhAva samApta hotA gayA aura ucita saMrakSaNa na milane se yaha mandira bhI dhvasta ho gayA hai / isakA jagamohana mAtra Aja khar3A hai / varSa meM eka bAra yahA~ deza ke kone-kone se bace-khuce sUryopAsaka ikaTThe hokara isa sthAna mandira evaM vAtAvaraNa ko prANavAn kara dete haiM / yaha tIrtha bhI candrabhAgA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / yahA~ para candrabhAgA nadI samudra meM milatI hai / parantu spaSTataH yaha purAne tIrtha (candrabhAgA yA cenAba aura sindhu ke saMgama) kA sthAnAntaraNa hai / 3 koNArka kA sUryamandira apanI vAstukalA lie prasiddha apanI vAstukalA lie prasiddha hai| yahAM para sUrya kI aneka sarjanAtmaka kriyAe~ pratIkAtmaka rUpa se vividha AkAroM meM aMkita haiM / kovilapurANa - yaha zaiva siddhAnta kI tamilazAkhA kA caudahavIM zatI meM nirmita eka grantha hai / kolAhala paNDita - yAmunAcArya ke samasAmayika pANDayarAja kA sabhApaNDita / rAjA isake prati atyanta zraddhAbhAva rakhatA thA / jo paNDita kolAhala se zAstrArtha meM hAra jAte the, unheM rAjA kI AjJA ke anusAra daNDasvarUpa kucha vArSika kara kolAhala paNDita ko denA par3atA thA / kolAhala samrAT kI taraha adhInastha paNDitoM se kara vasUlatA thaa| yAmunAcArya ke guru bhASyAcArya bhI use kara diyA karate the / eka bAra bhASyAcArya ne do tIna varSa taka kara nahIM diyA / kolAhala kA eka ziSya kara mA~gane Akara bhASyAcArya ko anupasthita pA anApanyAnApa bakne lagA / aisI sthiti meM yAmuna ne, jo 12 varSa ke bAlaka the, kolAhala se zAstrArtha karane ko kahA / ziSya ne jAkara kolAhala se khaa| udhara rAjA-rAnI ko bhI patA claa| donoM meM tarka huaa| rAnI ne kahA ki yAmuna jItegA yadi na jItegA to maiM ApakI krItadAsI kI dAsI hokara rheNgii| rAjA ne kahA kolAhala jItegA yadi na jItegA to maiM apanA AdhA rAjya yAmuna ko de dUMgA / rAnI kI bAta raha gayI, yAmuna jIta gye| kolAhala paNDita hAra kovilapurANa- koyumI gyaa| yAmuna ko rAjA ne siMhAsana para baiThA diyaa| de0 ' yAmunAcArya' / koSa -upaniSadoM meM AtmA ke pA~ca koSa batAye gaye haiM : 1. annamaya koSa (sthUla zarIra, jo anna se banatA hai) 2. prANamaya koSa (zarIra ke antargata vAyutattva ) 3. manomaya koSa ( mana kI saMkalpa-vikalpAtmaka kriyA) 4. vijJAnamaya koSa (buddhi kI vivecanAtmaka kriyA) 5. Anandamaya koSa ( Ananda kI sthiti ) / ye AtmA ke AvaraNa mAne gaye haiM / inake kramazaH bhedana se jIvAtmA apanA svarUpa pahacAnatA hai / AtmA ina sabakA AdhAra aura inase pare hai / de0 'AtmA' | paJcadazI ( 3.1-11 ) meM ina koSoM kA vistRta varNana hai / kosala ( kozala ) - janapada kA nAma, jisakI rAjadhAnI ayodhyA thI (de0 'ayodhyA' ) vAlmIki rAmAyaNa / ( 1.4.5 ) meM isakA ullekha hai : kosalo nAma muditaH sphIto janapado mahAn / niviSTa: sarapUtIre prabhUta dhanadhAnyavAn / / [ kosala nAmaka mahAn janapada vistRta aura sukhI thA / yaha sarayU ke kinAre sthita aura prabhUta dhana-dhAnya se yukta thA / ] kahIM-kahIM ayodhyA nagarI ke lie hI isakA prayoga huA hai| kausta -- zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 4.6.1.13 ) meM 'kaukUsta' eka yajJa meM purohitoM ko dakSiNA denevAlA kahA gayA hai| kANva zAkhA isa zabda kA pATha 'kaukthasta' ke rUpa meM karatI hai / kautsa - yaha eka prasiddha RSi kA nAma hai / - kauthumI -- sAmaveda kI eka zAkhA / sAmasaMhitA ke sabhI mantra geya haiN| jina yajJoM meM somarasa kAma meM lAyA jAtA yA unameM (arthAt somayAgoM meM ) udgAtAoM kA yaha kartavya thA ki ve sAmagAna kareM brahmacAriyoM ko AcArya isa saMhitA ke chandoM ke sasvara pATha karane kI vidhi sikhAte the, tathA ve ise bAra-bAra gAkara kaMThastha bhI kara lete the| unheM yaha bhI zikSA dI jAtI thI ki kisa vaMza meM kisa RcA yA chanda kA gAna hogaa| kauthumIsaMhitA sAmaveda kI tIna zAkhAoM meM se eka hai| yaha zAkhA uttara bhArata meM pracalita hai, jabaki 'jaiminIya'

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kauTilya-kaula 211 evaM 'rANAyanIya' kA pracAra karNATaka evaM mahArASTra meM madhya evaM laghu / bhaTTojidIkSita ne 'siddhAntakaumudI' hai| kauthamI zAkhA ke AcArya apane brahmacAriyoM ( ud- likhI jisake pracAra se aSTAdhyAyI kI paThanapraNAlI uTha gAtA kI zikSA lene vAloM ) ko 585 svaroM kI zikSA sI gayI / siddhAntakaumudI para bhaTTojidIkSita ne hI 'prauDhamadete the, jinakA sambandha utane hI chandoM se hotA thaa| noramA' nAma kI TIkA likhI / madhyakaumudI evaM laghuvaise to sAmaveda kI 1000 zAkhAe~ kahI jAtI hai, kintu kaumudI varadarAja ne likhiiN| kaumudI pANinisUtroM para hI pracalita haiM kevala teraha / ina terahoM meM bhI Ajakala do avalambita hai / saMskRta bhASA ke adhyayana meM yaha atyanta hI pradhAna haiM -kauthumI (uttara bhArata meM kAzI, kAnya- mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / kahAvata hai "kaumudI kaNThalagnA ced kubja, gujarAta aura vaGga) tathA rANAyanIya (dakSiNa meN)| vRthA bhASye parizramaH / " kauTilya-kauTilya cANakya evaM viSNugupta nAma se bhI prasiddha kaumudIvrata-Azvina zukla ekAdazI se yaha vrata kiyA haiN| inakA vyaktivAcaka nAma viSNugupta, sthAnIya nAma jAtA hai| upavAsa tathA jAgaraNa kA isameM vidhAna hai| cANakya (caNakAvAso) aura gotranAma kauTilya (kuTila dvAdazI ko vibhinna prakAra ke kamaloM se vAsudeva kI pUjA / se) thaa| ye candragupta maurya ke pradhAnamantrI the| inhoMne kI jAtI hai / vaiSNavoM dvArA trayodazI ko yAtrotsava, catu'arthazAstra' nAmaka eka grantha kI racanA kI, jo tatkAlIna rdazI ko upavAsa tathA pUrNimA ko vAsudeva kI pUjA kI rAjanIti, arthanIti, itihAsa, AcaraNa zAstra, dharma Adi jAtI hai| 'oM namo bhagavate vAsudevAya' mantra ke japa kA para bhalI bhA~ti prakAza DAlatA hai / 'arthazAstra' maurya kAla isameM vizeSa mahattva hai| hemAdri ke anusAra isa vrata ko ke samAja kA darpaNa hai, jisameM samAja ke svarUpa ko sarvAGga bhagavAn viSNu ke jAgaraNa taka arthAt kArtika zukla ekAdekhA jA sakatA hai / arthazAstra se dhArmika jIvana para bhI dazI taka jArI rakhanA caahie| kAphI prakAza par3atA hai / usa samaya bahuta se devatAoM tathA kauravya-eka zaiva sNprdaayaacaary| ziva ke lakUlIza (saMnyAsI deviyoM kI pUjA hotI thii| na kevala bar3e devatA-devI apitu rUpa meM ziva) avatAra ke cAra ziSya the-kuzika, gAgya, yakSa, gandharva, parvata, nadI, vRkSa, agni, pakSI, sarpa, gAya mitra (maitreya) evaM kaurssy| inhoMne cAra upasampradAyoM Adi kI bhI pUjA hotI thii| mahAmArI, pazuroga, bhUta, kI sthApanA kii| agni, bAr3ha, sUkhA, akAla Adi se bacane ke lie bhI kauma upapurANa-yaha untIsa upapurANoM meM se eka upabahatere dhArmika kRtya kiye jAte the| aneka utsava, jAdU Tone Adi kA bhI pracAra thaa| kauTilIya arthazAstra ke kaula-zAktoM ke vAmamArgI saMpradAya meM kaula eka zAkhA hai| anusAra rAjA kA mukhya kartavya thA prajA dvArA varNAzrama isakA AdhArabhUta sAhitya hai kaulopaniSad tathA parazurAmadharma aura naitika AcaraNa kA pAlana kraanaa| de0 'artha bhArgavasUtra / dUsare grantha meM kaula praNAlI kI sabhI zAkhAoM shaastr'| kA sampUrNa vivaraNa hai| divya, ghora aura pazu ina tIna kautukavrata-isameM nau vastuoM ke upayoga kA vidhAna hai, bhAvoM meM se divya bhAva meM lIna brahmajJAnI ko 'kaula' kahate yathA dUrvA, aMkurita yava, bAlaka nAmaka paudhA, Amradala, haiN| kUlArNavatantra meM 'kaula' kI nimnAMkita paribhASA do prakAra kI haldI, sarasoM, mora ke paMkha tathA sA~pa kI pAyI jAtI hai : keNculii| vivAha ke samaya uparyukta vastue~ vara-vadhU ke _ 'divyabhAvarataH kaula: sarvatra samadarzanaH / ' kaGkaNa meM bA~dhI jAtI haiN| de0 hemAdri, 1.49; vratarAja, [divya bhAva meM rata, sarvatra samAna rUpa se dekhanevAlA 16 / kAlidAsa kRta raghuvaMza ke aSTama sarga ke prathama zloka 'kaula' hotA hai / ] mahAnIlatantra meM kathana hai : meM 'vivAhakautuka' zabda AyA hai| ye sabhI mAMgalika pazorvaktrAllabdhamantraH pazureva na saMzayaH / vastue~ haiM tathA anurAga, kAma aura sarjana kriyA ko iMgita vIrAllabdhamanurvIraH kaulAcca brahmavid bhavet / / karatI haiN| [pazu ke mukha se mantra prApta kara manuSya nizcaya hI pazu kaumudI-saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke granthoM meM kaumudI kA pracAra rahatA hai, vIra se mantra pAkara bIra aura kaula ke mukha se adhika dekhA jAtA hai| isake tIna saMskaraNa haiM--siddhAnta, mantra pAkara brahmajJAnI hotA hai / ] de0 'kaulAcAra' /

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212 kaulAcAra-kauzika kaulAcAra-tAntrika gaNa sAta prakAra ke AcAroM meM vibhakta hai| pRthvI meM yaha eka mAtra muktidAyinI samajhI jAtI hai / kulArNavatantra ke anusAra veda, vaiSNava, zaiva, dakSiNa, hai / isakA nAma hI tIrtha hai| vAma, siddhAnta evaM kaula ye sAta AcAra haiN| kaulAcAra kaulopaniSad-kaulamArga (zAktoM kI eka zAkhA) kA yaha sarvazreSTha mAnA jAtA hai| kintu prathama tIna antima cAra AdhAragrantha hai| yaha saMkSipta grantha hai aura sarala gadya meM kI nindA bhI karate haiN| pratyeka AcAra ke aneka tantra saMketoM ke sAtha likhA gayA hai| ataH pahelI ke samAna haiM / tantroM meM kaulAcAra kA varNana isa prakAra hai : saralatA se samajha meM na Ane vAlA hai tathA isakA nirdeza dikkAlaniyamo nAsti tithyAdiniyamo na ca / aspaSTa hai| isakA kathana hai ki pUjA-pATha evaM yajJAdi se niyamo nAsti devezi mahAmantrasya sAdhane / / mukti nahIM miltii| ise prApta karane ke lie sAmAjika kvacita ziSTaH kvacid bhraSTaH kvacid bhUtapizAcakaH / paramparA se cale A rahe andhavizvAsI bandhanoM se mukti nAnAvezadharAH kaulA vicaranti mahItale / / pAnI caahie| kaula dharma vIroM kA mArga hai, kAyaroM kA kardame candane'bhinna mitre zatrau tathA priye / nhiiN| zmazAne bhavane devi tathaiva kAJcane taNe / / kauzAmbI-prAcIna prasiddha vatsa janapada kI rAjadhAnI, jo na bhedo yasya devezi sa kaulaH parikIrtitaH / / prayAga se dakSiNa hai| isakA gautama buddha ke jIvana tathA bauddha dharma se ghaniSTha sambandha thaa| yaha itihAsaprasiddha (nityAtantra) rAjA udayana kI rAjadhAnI thii| isa sthAna kA nAma aba [ deza evaM kAla kA niyama nahIM hai, tithi Adi kA bhI kosama hai / yahA~ bhUkhanana se bahuta-sI mUrtiyA~, sthApatya ke niyama nahIM hai / he devezi ! mahAmantra-sAdhana kA bhI niyama bhagna khaNDa aura anya vastue~ nikalI haiN| yaha jainoM kA nahIM hai / kabhI ziSTa, kabhI bhraSTa aura kabhI bhUta-pizAca bhI tIrthasthala hai| ke samAna, isa taraha nAnA veSadhArI kaula mahItala para vAlmIkirAmAyaNa (1.32.5) ke anusAra kuzAmba vicaraNa karate haiM / kardama aura candana meM, mitra aura zatru nAmaka eka paurava rAjA ne isakI sthApanA kI thI : meM, zmazAna aura gRha meM, svarNa aura tRNa meM jinakA bhedajJAna _ 'kuzAmbastu mahAtejA kauzAmbImakarot purIm / / nahIM, unheM hI 'kaula' kahA jA sakatA hai| gaMgA kI bAr3ha se jaba hastinApura naSTa ho gayA to kauloM ke viSaya meM aura bhI kathana hai : vahA~ se haTakara paurava rAja vatsa janapada meM A gayA thaa| antaH zAktA bahiH zaivAH sabhAmadhye tu vaiSNavAH / kauzika-indra kA eka nAma, jise kuzikoM se sambandhita nAnA rUpadharAH kaulA vicaranti mahItale / / kahA gayA hai| vizvAmitra ko bhI kauzika (kuzika ke putra) [ bhItara se zAkta, bAhara se zaiva, sabhA meM vaiSNava; nAnA / kahate haiN| bRhadAraNyaka uniSad ke prArambhika do vaMzoM meM rUpa dhAraNa karake kaula loga pRthvI para vicaraNa karate haiM / ] kauzika nAmaka AcArya kA nAma kauNDinya ke ziSya ke kaulAcAra meM jo vastue~ mUla meM rUpakAtmaka thIM ve rUpa meM AyA hai| purANoM meM batalAyA gayA hai ki kisa Age calakara vyavahAra meM apane bhautika rUpa meM prayukta hone prakAra indra ne rAjA kuzika kI tapasyA se bhayabhIta hokara lgiiN| kauloM kI sAdhanA meM paJca makAra (madya, mAMsa, usakA putratva svIkAra kiyaa| harivaMza (27.13-16) meM matsya, mudrA aura maithuna) kA unmukta prayoga hotA hai| ina yaha kathA isa prakAra hai : paJca makAroM se jagadambikA kA pUjana hotA hai| kAlI athavA kuzikastu tapastepe putramindrasamaM vibhuH / tArA kA mantra grahaNa karake jo paJca makAra kA sevana nahIM labheyamiti taM zastrAsAdabhyetya jajJivAn / / karatA vaha kaliyuga meM patita hai; vaha japa, homa Adi pUNe varSasahasra vaM tantu zakro hyapazyata / kAryoM meM anadhikArI hotA hai tathA mUrkha kahalAtA hai / atyugratapasaM dRSTvA sahasrAkSaH purandaraH / / usakA pitRtarpaNa zvAnamUtra ke samAna hai / kAlI aura tArA samarthaM putrajanane svamevAMzamavAsayat / kA mantra pAkara jo vIrAcAra nahIM karatA vaha zUdratva ko putratve kalpayAmAsa sa devendraH surottamaH / / prApta hotA hai| surA sabhI kAyoM meM prazasta mAnI jAtI sa gAdhirabhavadrAjA maghavAn kauzikaH svayam / /

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kauzikasUtra-kramamukti 213 kauzikasUtra-yaha atharvaveda se sambandhita prathamataH gRhyasUtra sAyaNAcArya ne aitareya evaM kauSItaki donoM AraNyakoM ke hai| isameM aindrajAlika utsavoM kA varNana bhI vizada rUpa se bhASya likhe haiN| milatA hai tathA jo bAteM atharvaveda meM aspaSTa haiM ve kauSItaki upaniSad-Rgveda ke kauSItaki nAmaka brAhmaNa suspaSTa kara dI gayI haiN| ke isI nAma vAle AraNyaka kA tIsarA khaNDa 'kauSItaki gopathabrAhmaNa ke anusAra atharvavedasaMhitA ke pA~ca upaniSad' kahalAtA hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'kauSItaki AraNyaka' / sUtragrantha hai-kauzikasUtra, vaitAnasUtra, nakSatrakalpasUtra, kauSItakibrAhmaNa-Rgveda kI do zAkhAoM-aitareya evaM AGgirasakalpasUtra evaM zAntikalpasUtra / kauzikasUtra ko hI kauSItaki ke inhIM nAmoM ke do brAhmaNa haiM / kauSItaki ko 'saMhitAvidhisUtra' bhI kahate haiN| bahuta se sUtragranthoM meM zAGkhAyana bhI kahate haiM / kRSNa yajurveda ke brAhmaNa bhAga ke atiatharvaveda ke pratipAdya karmoM kA vidhAna atyanta sUkSma rUpa rikta sAmAnyayajJAdi viSayaka mahattvapUrNa chaH brAhmaNagrantha haiM / se kiyA gayA hai, jisase ve durbodha ho gaye haiN| inheM hI ye hai-aitareya; kauSItaki, paJcaviMza, talavakAra, taittirIya subodha kara dene ke lie kauzikasUtra kA saMgraha huA hai| kauzikasUtra meM 1. sthAlIpAkavidhAna meM darzapUrNamAsa vidhi evaM zatapatha / kauSItaki brAhmaNa kA aMgrejI anuvAda pro0 kItha dvArA evaM vizleSaNa DaoNyasana dvArA huA hai / 2. medhAjanana 3. brahmacArIsampad 4. grAma-durga-rASTrAdi kraturatnamAlA-zAGkhAyana zrautasUtra para likhA gayA eka lAbha viSaya 5. putra-pazu-dhana-dhAnya-prajA-strI-kari-turaga bhASya kraturatnamAlA ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isake racayitA ratha-dolakAdi sarvasampatsAdhaka samUha 6. mAnavagaNa meM zrIpati ke putra viSNu kahe jAte haiN| aikamatya sampAdaka saumanasyAdi viSayoM kA varNana hai| kramadIpikA--kezava kAzmIrI nimbArkoM ke eka digvijayI koSIkArAma-Apastamba sUtra ke bhASyakAroM meM se eka netA, vidvAn evaM bhASyakAra ho gaye haiN| unakI kramakauzikArAma bhI hai| dIpikA nAmaka pustaka yajJa, pUjArcana Adi para eka gauravapUrNa kauSItaki AraNyaka-veda ke cAra bhAga haiM-saMhitA, brAhmaNa, racanA hai, jo gautamIya tantra kI canI haI sAmagriyoM kA AraNyaka evaM upaniSad / Rgveda kA yaha AraNyaka bhAga saMgraha hai| isakI racanA 16vIM zatI ke prArambha meM huI thii| hai| AraNyakoM meM RSiyoM kA nirjana araNyoM meM rahakara brahma kramapUjA-kRtyaratnAkara meM (141-144, devIpurANa se vidyA adhyayana tathA unake dvArA aneka gambhIra anubhUta vicAra lokakalyANArtha diye hae hai| kauSItaki AraNyaka uddhRta) likhA hai ki caitra zukla pakSa meM durgA kA pUjana honA cAhie / kucha vizeSa tithiyoM tathA nakSatroM ke avasara para ke tIna khaMDa haiM, jinameM do khaMDa pradhAna hai, jo karmakAMDa se isase puNya, sukha, samRddhi kI prApti hotI hai| bhare par3e hai / tIsarA khaMDa kauSItaki upaniSad kahalAtA kramamakti-kramazaH mukti prApta karane kA siddhAnta / isa viSaya hai| yaha eka sAragarbha upAdeya grantha hai| Anandamaya dhAma para zaGkara dvArA vedAntasUtra (3.3.29) para vyAkhyAna prApta meM kaise praveza kiyA jAya aura usa Ananda kA upabhoga hotA hai / unakA kahanA hai ki devayAna aura pitayAna do kisa prakAra kiyA jAya isa bAta para aneka adhyAyoM meM mArga haiM / pitRyAna janma-maraNa kA mArga hai| devayAna se vicAra huA hai| gRhyakRtya, pArivArika bandhana Adi meM kramamukti kA mArga prArambha hotA hai / parantu nirguNa brahma kA ba~dhe hae logoM ke mana ke bhItara usa samaya meM atyanta sarvocca jJAna rakhane vAle saMta to pahale hI brahma ke sAtha komala hRdaya kI vRttiyoM ne kisa prakAra vikAsa kiyA hai, ekatva kI prApti kara cukate haiM tathA unake lie kisI devaisakA bahuta hI sundara citra dUsare adhyAya meM milatA hai| yAna (devapatha) para calane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / jo tIsare adhyAya meM aitihAsika vRttAnta aura indra ke yuddhAdi loga kevala saguNa brahA kA hI jJAna rakhate haiM, ve isa patha para ke upAkhyAna diye gaye haiN| cauthA adhyAya bhI AkhyAnoM se agrasara hote haiN| ve brahma ko prApta kara punaH lauTate nhiiN| bharA hai / kAzirAja vIrendrakezarI ne eka jJAnI brAhmaNa saguNa brahma se ekatva prApta kara anta meM pUrNa jJAna prApta ko jo upadeza diyA thA vaha bhI isa adhyAya meM varNita karate haiM / isa pratIkSAkAla tathA apUrNa jJAna ke kAla meM hai / isameM bhaugolika bAteM bhI haiM / himavAna aura vindhyAdi AtmA ko pUrNa Ananda evaM ajeya icchAzakti prApta hotI parvatoM ke nAma aura pahAr3iyoM ke nAma bhI pAye jAte haiN| hai (yahI aizvarya kahalAtA hai)| jaba vaha sarvocca prakAza ke

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214 kramasaMdarbha-chatra samIpa pahu~catA hai, use nayA svarUpa prApta hotA hai tathA dharmazAstra meM vyavahArapAda ( nyAyavidhi) kA eka pAdavAstava meM vaha mukta ho jAtA hai| ise 'kramamukti' kA vizeSa kriyA kahalAtA hai / vaha do prakAra kI hotI haisiddhAnta kahate haiN| mAnuSI aura devI / prathama sAkSya, lekhya aura anamAna bheda kramasaMdarbha-caitanya mahAprabhu ke saMpradAya meM jIva gosvAmI ke se tIna prakAra kI hotI hai| dUsarI ghaTa. agni, udaka. race graMthoM kA pramukha sthAna hai| 'kramasaMdarbha' bhAgavata purANa viSa, koSa, taNDula, taptamASaka, phAla, dharma bhedoM se nau kA unhIM ke dvArA saMskRta meM kiyA gayA bhASya hai| prakAra kI hotI hai / de0 'vyavaharatattva' meM bRhaspati / racanA 1580-1610 I0 ke madhya kI hai / isa prakAra kI kriyApAda-zaiva AgamoM ke samAna hI vaiSNava saMhitAoM ke saiddhAMtika racanAoM ke jIva gosvAmIkRta cha: nibandha haiM, cAra bhAga haiM-1. jJAnapAda, 2. yogapAda, 3. kriyAjinakI bhASA atyanta prauDha aura prAMjala hai / ye 'SaTsaMdarbha' pAda aura 4. caryApAda / kriyApAda ke antargata mandiroM vaiSNavoM ke Akara graMtha (nidhi) mAne jAte haiM / tathA mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa kA vidhAna aura varNana pAyA kravaNa-Rgveda meM eka sthAna (5. 44. 9) para ullikhita jAtA hai| yaha zabda luDaviga ke mata se eka hotA (purohita) kA nAma dharmazAstra meM vyavahAra (nyAya ) kA tIsarA pAda hai| rAtha ise vizeSaNa mAnakara 'kAyara' artha karate haiN| kriyA kahalAtA haisAyaNa isakA artha 'pUjA karatA huA' aura olDenavarga pUrvapakSaH smRtaH pAdo dvitIyazcottaraH smRtaH / isakA artha anizcita batAte haiM, kintu sambhavataH ve isakA kriyApAdastathA cAnyazcaturtho nirNayaH smRtaH // artha 'balipazu kA vadhika' lagAte haiN| (bRhaspati, vyavahAratattva) kravyAva-kravya = kaccA mAMsa + ada = bhakSaka arthAt dAnava / [vyavahAra kA prathama pAda pUrvapakSa, dvitIya pAda uttara, zava dahana karane vAle agni kA bhI yaha nAma hai| mahAbhArata tatIya kriyApAda aura caturtha nirNayapAda kahalAtA hai| . (1.6.7) meM kathA hai ki bhUgu ne pulomA ke apaharaNa para kriyAyoga-devArAdhana tathA unake pUjana ke lie mandira agni ko zApa diyA ki vaha sarvabhakSI ho jAya / sarvabhakSI nirmANa Adi puNyakarmo ko kriyAyoga kahate haiN| agnihone para mAMsAdi sabhI amedhya vastuoM ko agni ko grahaNa purANa ke vaiSNava kriyAyoga ke yamAnuzAsana adhyAya meM karanA pdd'aa| parantu prazna yaha upasthita ho gayA ki azuddha isakA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| agnimukha se deva aura pitara kisa prakAra Ahuti grahaNa pAtaJjali yogasUtra ke anusAra tapa, svAdhyAya aura kareMge / devatAoM ke anurodha se brahmA ne apane prabhAva ko IzvarapraNidhAna kriyAyoga ke antargata sammilita haiM agni para prakaTa karate hue apane Ahuta bhAga ko svIkAra (tpHsvaadhyaayeshvrprnnidhaanaanikriyaayogaaH)| kiyaa| isake pazcAt deva-pitaro na bhA apanA-apanA bhAga kriyAsAra-Agamika zaivoM meM nIlakaMTha racita kriyAsAra kA agnimukha se lenA prArambha kiyA / vyavahAra adhika hotA hai| yaha zrIkaMThazivAcArya-racita zAntikarma Adi meM kravyAda agni kA apasAraNa (dUrI zaiva brahmasUtrabhASya kA saMkSipta sAra hai / yaha saMskRta grantha karaNa) Rgveda (10.16.9) ke mantra se kiyA jAtA hai| liGgAyatI dvArA prayukta hotA hai, jo satrahavIM zatI kI kriyA-sRSTi-vikAsa ke prathama caraNa ko 'kriyA' kahate haiN| racanA hai| prAraMbhika sRSTi kI pahalI avasthA meM zakti kA jAgaraNa do RJca AGgirasa-sAmaveda ke krauJca nAmaka gAna ke dhvanikAra caraNoM meM hotA hai-1. 'kriyA' aura 2. 'bhUti' tathA RSi paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (13. 9, 11, 11, 20) meM unake chaH guNoM kA vikAsa hotA hai| ukta nAma yaha siddha karane ke lie diyA huA hai ki sAma zikSA, pUjA, cikitsA aura sAmAnya dhArmika vidhiyoM ke gAnoM kA nAma svararacayitA ke nAmAnusAra rakhA gayA hai ke lie bhI 'kriyA' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai : isa niyama ke aneka apavAda bhI milate haiN| Arambho niSkRtiH zikSA pUjAnaM sampradhAraNam / kSatra-rASTra, zakti, sArvabhaumatA / Rgveda meM isakA artha upAyaH karmaceSTA ca cikitsA ca navakriyAH / / zAsaka hai ( 1. 157. 2; 8. 35. 17) tathA paravartI (bhAvaprakAza) granthoM meM bhI yahI artha mAnA gayA hai| kintu Rgveda meM

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kSatrI-kSatriya 215 isakA Azaya usa zAsaka (zAsaka jAti) se nizcayapUrvaka nahIM hai, jaisA paravartI granthoM meM mAnA gayA hai / kSatrapati se sadA rAjA kA bodha huA hai| Age calakara isakA artha kSatriya varga hI pracalita ho gyaa| isakA zAbdika artha hai 'kSata (AghAta) se trANa denevAlA (rakSA karanevAlA)' [kSAt trAyate iti kSattraH ] / kSatrI-saMhitAoM evaM brAhmaNoM meM yaha bahuprayukta zabda hai, jisakA artha rAjasevakoM meM se eka sadasya hotA hai| kintu artha anizcita hai / Rgveda (6.13.2 ) meM isakA artha vaha devatA hai, jo yAjakoM ko acchI vastue~ pradAna karatA hai / atharvaveda ( 3.24,7;5.17.4 ) tathA anya sthAnoM meM (zatapatha brAhmaNa 14.5.4.6 ) tathA zAM0 zrI0 sU0 ( 16 9,16 ) meM yahI artha hai / vAjasaneyIsaMhitA meM mahIdhara dvArA isakA artha dvArapAla lagAyA gayA hai / sAyaNa ne isakA artha antaHpurAdhyakSa (zata0 brA0 5.3.1.7) lagAyA hai| dUsare paricchedoM meM ise rathavAhaka kahA gayA hai| bAda meM kSatrI zabda se eka varNasaMkara jAti kA bodha hone lgaa| kSatriya-saMhitA tathA brAhmaNoM meM 'kSatriya' samAja kA eka pramukha aMga mAnA gayA hai, jo purohita, prajA evaM sevaka (brAhmaNa, vaizya evaM zUdra) se bhinna hai| rAjanya kSatriya kA pUrvavartI zabda hai, kintu donoM kI vyutpatti eka hai, (rAjA sambandhI athavA rAjakula kaa)| vaidika sAhitya meM kSatriya kA prArambhika prayoga rAjyAdhikArI yA daivI adhikArI ke artha meM huA hai| puruSasUkta (R0 ve0 10.90) ke anusAra rAjanya (kSatriya) virAT puruSa ke bAhuoM se utpanna huA hai| kSatriya evaM brAhmaNoM (brahma-kSatra) kA sambandha sabase samIpavartI thaa| ve eka dUsare para bharosA rakhate tathA eka dUsare kA Adara karate the| eka ke binA dUsare kA kAma nahIM calatA thaa| RSijana rAjAoM ko anucita AcaraNa para apane prabhAva se rAjyacyuta taka kara dete the| vaidika kAla meM choTe rAjyoM ke kSatriyoM kA mukhya kartavya yuddha ke lie sadaiva tatpara rahanA hotA thaa| kSatriyoM ke prAyaH tona varga hote the-(1) rAjakula, (2) prazAsaka varga aura (3) sainika / ve dArzanika bhI hote the, jaise videha ke janaka, jinheM brahmA kahA gayA hai| isa kAla ke aura bhI jJAnI kSatriya the, yathA, pravAhaNa jaivali, azvapati kaikeya evaM ajAtazatru / inhoMne eka upAsanA kA nayA mArga calAyA, jisakA vikasita rUpa bhakti mArga hai / rAjaRSiyoM ko rAjanyarSi bhI kahate the| kintu yaha sAdhAraNa kSatriya kA dharma nahIM thaa| ve kRSi bhI nahIM karate the / zAsana kA kArya evaM yuddha hI unakA priya AcaraNa thA / unakI zikSA kA mukhya viSaya thA yuddha kalA, dhanurveda tathA zAsanavyavasthA, yadyapi sAhitya, darzana tathA dharmavijJAna meM bhI ve niSNAta hote the| jAtakoM meM 'khattiya' zabda AryarAjanyoM ke lie vyavahRta huA hai jinhoMne yuddhoM meM vijaya dilAne kA kArya kiyA, athavA ve prAcIna jAtiyoM ke varga jo vijita hone para bhI rAjasI avasthAoM kA nirvAha kara sake the, kSatriya kahalAte the| rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata meM bhI kSatriya kA yahI artha hai, kintu jAtakoM ke khattiya se isake kucha adhika mUlya haiM, arthAt sampUrNa rAjakArya sainika varga, sAmanta Adi / parantu jAtaka athavA mahAbhArata kisI meM kSatriya kA artha sampUrNa sainika varga nahIM hai / senA meM kSatriyoM ke sivA anya vargoM ke padAdhikArI (sAdhAraNa sainika se ucca zreNI ke) hote the| __ dharmasUtroM aura smRtiyoM meM kSatriya kI utpatti aura katrtavyoM kA samucita varNana hai / manu (1.31) ne puruSasUkta ke varNana ko duharAyA hai : lokAnAM tu vivRddhayartha mukhabAhUru pAdataH / brAhmaNaM kSatriyaM vaizyaM zUdraJca niravartayAt / / [loka kI vRddhi ke lie virATa ke mukha, bAhu, jaMghA aura pairoM se brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizya, aura zUdra banAye gaye / ] smRtiyoM ke anusAra kSatriya kA sAmAnya dharma paThana (adhyayana), yajana (yajJa karanA) aura dAna hai / kSatriya kA viziSTa dharma prajArakSaNa, prajApAlana tathA prajAraJjana hai / ApAt, kAla meM vaha vaizyavRtti se apanA nirvAha kara sakatA hai, kintu zUdravRtti use kabhI svIkAra nahIM karanI cAhie / zrImadbhagavadgItA (8.43) ke anusAra kSatriya ke nimnAMkita svAbhAvika haiM : zauyaM tejo dhRtirdAkSyaM yuddha cApyapalAyanam / dAnamIzvarabhAvazca kSAtraM karma svabhAvajam / / [zaurya, teja, dhRti, dakSatA, yuddha meM apalAyana, dAna aura aizvarya svAbhAvika kSAtra karma haiN|] zrImadbhAgavata purANa (dvAdaza skandha, a0 1 aura brahmavaivartapurANa (zrIkRSNajanma khaNDa, 83 adhyAya) meM kSatriya

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216 kSapaNaka-kSaurakarma ke lakSaNa aura kartavyoM kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai jo manu Adi smRtiyoM se milatA-julatA hai / kSapaNaka-jaina athavA bauddha saMnyAsI / jaTAdhara ke anusAra yaha buddha kA hI eka prakAra athavA bheda hai / kSapaNaka prAyaH nagna rahA karate the| mahAbhArata (1.3.12) meM kSapaNaka kA ullekha hai : so'pazyadatha pathi nagnaM kSapaNaka mAgacchantam / kSapAvana-kSapA = rAtri meM, avana = rakSaka-rAjA / isa zabda se rAjA ke eka mahattvapUrNa karttavya-rAtri meM rakSaNa kA jJAna hotA hai| rAtri meM nizAcaroM, coroM aura hiMsra jAnavaroM kA bhaya adhika hotA hai / inase prajA kI rakSA karanA rAjA kA kartavya hai| isalie usakA eka viruda 'kSapAvana' hai| kSIradhArAvrata-do mAsoM kI pratipadA tathA paJcamI ke dina vratI ko kevala dugvAhAra karanA caahie| isa prakAra ke AcaraNa se azvamedha yajJa ke phala kI prApti hotI hai / de0 liGgapurANa, 83.6 / kSIradhenu-kSIradhenu kA dAna dhArmika kRtya hai / dAna ke lie bhIra dhAdiniti ko bhI roka varAha purANa ke zvetopAkhyAna ke kSIradhenu mahAtmya nAmaka adhyAya meM isakA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| kSIrapratipadA-vaizAkha athavA kArtika kI pratipadA ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa honA cAhie / brahmA isake devatA haiM / nimnAMkita zabdoM kA uccAraNa karate hue vratI ko apane sAmarthyAnusAra dugdha samarpita karanA cAhie : "brahman prasIdatu mAm / " kucha dhArmika granthoM ke pATha kA bhI isameM vidhAna hai| kSudrasUtra-RcAoM ko sAma meM pariNata karane kI vidhi ke sambandha meM sAmaveda ke bahuta se sUtragrantha haiN| inameM eka 'kSudrasUtra' bhI hai / isameM tIna prapAThaka haiN| kSarikopaniSada-yoga sambandhI upaniSadoM meM se eka / isameM yoga kI prakriyAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| manovikAroM ko yaha upaniSad (cintana) churI kI taraha kATa detI hai| kSetrapAla-kheta athavA bhUmikhaNDa kA rakSaka devtaa| gRhapraveza yA zAntikarmoM meM kSetrapAla ko bali dekara prasanna kiyA jAtA hai| sindUra, dIpaka, dahI, bhAta Adi sajAkara caurAhe para kSetrapAla ke lie rakhane kI vidhi hai| kSemarAja-abhinavagupta ke ziSya kSemarAja kA janma 11vIM zatI meM kazmIra meM haa| kazmIrI zaivamata ke AcAryoM meM inakI gaNanA hotI hai| inhoMne vasugupta racita 'zivasUtra' para 'zivasUtravizinI nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| isa grantha meM anekoM AgamoM ke uddharaNa pAye jAte haiM / kSemavrata-caturdazI ke dina yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai / isameM yakSa-rAkSasoM ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| de0 hemAdri, 2.154 / caturdazI tithi aise hI prANiyoM ke pUjanArtha nizcita hai| kSaurakarma-sAmAnyataH kSaurakarma zArIrika prasAdhana hai, jisameM keza, dAr3hI-ma~cha, nakhoM ko katara kara deha sajA dI jAtI hai| parantu vratoM aura saMskAroM meM isakA dhArmika mahattva bhI hai| vratAdi meM kSaurakarma na karane se doSa hotA hai : vratAnAmupavAsAnAM zraddhAdInAJcaM saMyame / na karoti kSaurakarma azuciH sarvakarmasu / / __ (brahmavaivarta, prakRtikhaNDa, 27 adhyAya) [jo vrata, upavAsa, zrAddha, saMyama Adi meM kSaurakarma nahIM karatA hai vaha sabhI karmoM meM apavitra rahatA hai / ] 'zuddhitatva' meM kSaura kA vidhAna isa prakAra hai : 'kezazmazrulomanakhAni vApayIta zikhAvarjam' / [ zikhA chor3akara keza (sira ke bAla), dAr3hI, royeM aura nakha ko kaTAnA caahie|] nimnAMkita tithiyoM aura karmI meM kSaura karma niSiddha hai : rohiNyAJca vizAkhAyAM maitra caivottarAsu ca / maghAyAM kRttikAyAJca dvijaiH kSaura vijitam / / kRtvA tu maithunaM kSauraM yo devAn tarpaye pitRn / rudhiraM tadbhavettoyaM dAtA ca narakaM vrajet / / (brahmavaivartapurANa) 'karmalocana' nAmaka paddhati meM kSaura karma sambandhI aura bhI niSedha pAye jAte haiM : nApitasya gRhe kSauraM zakrAdapi haret zriyam / ravau duHkhaM sukhaM candre kuje mRtyubudhe dhanam / / mAnaM hanti gurorvAre zukra zukrakSayo bhavet / zanau ca sarvadoSAH syuH kSaura matra vivarjayet // [nApita ke ghara meM jAkara kSaurakarma karAnA indra kI zobhA ko bhI hara letA hai| ravivAra ko kSaurakarma duHkha, candravAra ko sukha, maMgala ko mRtyu, aura budha ko dhana utpanna karatA hai| guruvAra ko mAna kA hanana karatA hai / zukra ko kSaurakarma se zukrakSaya hotA hai| zanivAra ko kSaura se sabhI

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kha-khajurAho 217 doSa hote haiM, ataH ina dinoM meM kSaura varjita hai|] kintu uvAca cainaM bhUyo'pi nArAyaNamidaM vacaH / naTa, bhANa, bhRtya, rAjasevaka Adi ke lie tathA vrata, tIrtha ajarazcAmarazca syAmamRtena vinApyaham / / Adi meM niSedha nahIM hai| bhojana ke pazcAt kSaura nahIM evamastviti taM viSNuruvAca vinatAsutam / karAnA caahie| zizu ke prathama kSaurakarma ko 'cUDAkaraNa' pratigRhya varau tau ca garuDo viSNumabravIt / / kahate haiM / de0 'cUDAkaraNa' / bhavate'pi varaM dadyAM vRNotu bhagavAnapi / taM vave vAhanaM viSNurgarutmantaM mahAbalam // dhvajaJca cakre bhagavAnupari sthAsyasIti tam / kha-vyaJjana varNoM ke antargata kavarga kA dvitIya akSara / evamastviti taM devamuktvA nArAyaNaM khagaH / varNAbhidhAnatantra meM isakA svarUpa isa prakAra kahA vavAja tarasA vegAd vAyuM spardhan mahAjavaH // gayA hai: [ bhagavAn (viSNu ) ne AkAza meM ur3ane vAle garuDa khaH pracaNDaH kAmarUpI zuddhirvahniH sarasvatI / AkAza indriyaM durgA caNDI santApinI guruH // se kahA, maiM tumheM vara denA cAhatA huuN| AkAzagAmI garuDa ne vara mA~gate hae kahA, Apake Upara maiM b-| usane phira zikhaNDI danto jAtIzaH kaphoNi garuDo gdii| zUnyaM kapAlI kalyANI sUrpakarNo'jarAmaraH / / nArAyaNa se yaha vacana kahA, amRta ke vinA maiM ajara aura amara ho jaauuN| viSNu ne garur3a se kahA, aisA hI zubhAgneyazcaNDaliMga jano jhaMkArakhaDgako / ho| una donoM varoM ko grahaNa kara garur3a ne viSNu se varNoddhAratantra meM isakA dhyAna isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : kahA, maiM Apako vara denA cAhU~gA, varaNa kIjie / viSNu bandhUkapuSpasaMkAzAM ratnAlaGkArabhUSitAm / ne kahA, maiM tumheM vAhanarUpa meM grahaNa karatA huuN| unhoMne varAbhayakarI nityAM ISadhAsyamukhI parAm / dhvaja banAyA aura kahA, tuma isake Upara sthita hoge / evaM dhyAtvA khasvarUpAM tanmantraM dazadhA japet / / garur3a ne bhagavAn nArAyaNa se kahA, aisA hI hogaa| mAtRkAnyAsa meM yaha akSara bAha meM sthApita kiyA isake pazcAt atyanta gati vAlA garur3a vAyu se spardhA jAtA hai| karatA huA atyanta vega se prasthAna kara gayA / ] de0 kha ke artha haiM indriya, zUnya, AkAza, sUrya, paramAtmA / ___ 'viSNu' aura 'grudd'| khakholka-kAzIpurI meM sthita eka sUrya devtaa| inakA khagendra-khaga ( pakSiyoM) kA indra (rAjA), garuDa / mAhAtmya kAzIkhaNDa meM varNita hai : mahAbhArata ( 1.31.31 ) meM kathana hai : kAzIvAsijanAnekarUpapApakSayaMkaraH / 'patatriNAJca garuDa indratvenAbhyaSicyata / ' vinatAditya ityAkhyaH khakholkastatra saMsthitaH / / [garuDa kA pakSiyoM ke indra ke rUpa meM abhiSeka haa|] kAzyAM pailaMgile tIrtha khakholkasya vilokanAt / de0 'grudd''| narazcintitamApnoti nIrogo jAyate kSaNAt / / khajurAho ( kharjUravAha )--yaha sthAna madhya pradeza meM chatarakahate haiM ki nAgamAtA kadU aura garuDamAtA vinatA pura ke pAsa sthita hai| prAcIna kAla meM candela rAjAoM ( donoM sauteM ) lar3atI huI sUrya kI ora gayIM to kadrU ne ___ kI yahA~ rAjadhAnI thii| apane samaya meM yaha tIrthasthala ghabar3AhaTa meM sUrya ko ulkA samajhA aura 'kha, kha, ulkA' thaa| Arya zailI ( nAgara zailI) ke mandiroM meM bhAratIya aisA kaha diyA / vinatA ne isI ko sUrya kA nAma mAnakara vAstukalA kA sundaratama vikAsa khajurAho ke mandiroM meM pratiSThita kara diyaa| pAyA jAtA hai| inakA nirmANa candela rAjAoM ke saMrakhagAsana-khaga = garuDa hai Asana jisakA, viSNu / viSNu kSaNa meM 950 I0 se 1050 I0 ke madhya huA, jo saMkhyA kA Asana garuDa kaise huA, isakA varNana mahAbhArata / meM lagabhaga 30 haiM tathA vaiSNava, zaiva aura jaina matoMse (1.33.12-18) meM pAyA jAtA hai : sambandhita haiN| pratyeka mandira lagabhaga eka vargamIla ke tamuvAcAvyayo devo varado'smIti khecaram / kSetraphala meM sthita hai| kandarIya mahAdeva kA mandira sa vave tava tiSTheyamuparItyantarIkSagaH / / isa samudAya meM sarvazreSTha hai| mandiroM meM garbhagRha, maNDapa, 28

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218 khaTvAGga-khANDavabana arddhamaNDapa, antarAla evaM mahAmaNDapa pAye jAte haiM / garbha- bhare rahate haiM aura lakar3I dRDha hotI hai / isameM se katthA bhI gRha ke caturdika pradakSiNApatha bhI hai| vaiSNava tathA zava nikalatA hai| mandiroM kI bAharI dIvAroM para mithuna mUrtiyoM kA aGkana khaNDanakuThAra- advaita vedAntamata ke udbhaTa lekhaka vAcaspati pracura mAtrA meM pAyA jAtA hai, jo ziva-zakti ke aikya mizra dvArA racita eka grantha / vedAntabAhya siddhAntoM kI athavA ziva-zakti ke yoga se sRSTi kI utpatti kA isameM tIvra AlocanA kI gayI hai| pratIka hai| yahA~ para cauMsaTha yoginiyoM kA eka mandira khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya-vedAnta kA eka prasiddha grantha / paNDitabhI thA jo aba bhagnAvasthA meM hai| ratna zrIharSa kRta 'khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya' kA anya nAma adhyAtma upadeza sambandhI saMskRta nATaka 'prabodhacandro 'anirvacanIyatAsarvasva' hai| zaGkarAcArya kA mAyAvAda daya' kI racanA kRSNamizra nAmaka eka jJAnI paMDita dvArA anirvacanIya khyAti ke Upara hI avalambita hai / unake yahIM para 1065 I0 meM sampanna haI, jo kIrtivarmA nAmaka siddhAntAnusAra kArya aura kAraNa bhinna, abhinna athavA candela rAjA kI sabhA meM abhinIta huA thaa| isa nATaka bhinnAbhinna bhI nahIM haiM, apitu anirvacanIya haiN| isa se tatkAlIna dhArmika evaM dArzanika sampradAyoM para prakAza anirvacanIyatA ke AdhAra para hI kAraNa sat hai aura par3atA hai / de0 'prabodhacandrodaya' tathA 'kRSNamizra' / kArya mAyAmAtra hai| zrIharSa ke khaNDanakhaNDakhAdya meM saba prakAra ke vipakSoM kA bar3I tIkSNatA ke sAtha khaNDana kiyA khaTvAGga-ziva kA vizeSa zastra / isakI AkRti khaTvA gayA hai tathA unake siddhAnta kA hI nahIM apitu jinake (cArapAI) ke aGga (pAya) ke samAna hotI thii| yaha durladhya aura amogha hotA hai / mahimnastotra meM dvArA ve siddha hote haiM una pratyakSAdi pramANoM kA bhI khaNDana kara advitIya, aprameya evaM akhaNDa vastu kI sthApanA kI varNana hai : gayI hai| mahokSaH khaTvAGgaparazurajinaM bhasma phaNinaH __grantha kA zabdArtha hai : 'khaNDanarUpI khA~r3a kI miThAI / kapAlaM cetIyattava varada tantropakaraNam / khAko sAdhu-dAdUpanthI sAdhuoM kI pA~ca zreNiyA~ haiN| [bUr3hA baila, khATa kA pAyA, pharasA, camar3A, rAkha, sA~pa unameM khAkI sAdhu bhI eka haiN| ye bhasma lapeTe rahate haiM aura khopar3I-varadAtA prabhu kI yahI sAdhanasAmagrI hai|] aura bhA~ti bhA~ti kI tapasyA karate haiN| bhasma athavA eka ikSvAkuvaMzaja rAjarSi, jo mRtyu sannikaTa jAnakara khAka zarIra para lapeTane ke kAraNa hI ye khAkI kahakevala ghar3I bhara dhyAna karate hue mokSa pA gaye / lAte haiN| khaDGgadhArAvrata-de0 asidhArAvrata, viSNudharmottara purANa, dAdUpanthiyoM ke atirikta zaiva-vaiSNavoM meM bhI aise 3.218.23-25 / saMnyAsI hote haiN| khaGgasaptamI-vaizAkha zukla saptamI ko gaGgAsaptamI kahate khAdiragRhyasUtra-yaha gRhyasUtra zuklayajurveda kA hai / olddenhaiN| isa vrata meM gaMgApUjana hotA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki varga dvArA isakA aMgrejI anuvAda 'sekreDa buksa oNpha di jaha na RSi krodha meM Akara gaGgAjI ko pI gaye the tathA IsTa, sirIja meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai / isameM gRhya saMskAroM isI dina unhoMne apane dAhine kAna se gaGgAjI ko aura RtuyajJoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / bAhara nikAlA thaa| khANDakIya-yaha kRSNa yajurveda kA eka sampradAya hai / khaNDadeva-prasiddha mImAMsaka vidvAn / pUrvamImAMsA ke dArza- khANDavavana-agni ke dvArA khANDavavana jalAne kI kathA nika granthoM meM khaNDadeva ( mRtyukAla 1665 I0) dvArA mahAbhArata kI mukhya kathA se sambandhita hai / rAjA zvetaki racita 'bhaTTadIpikA' kA bahuta sammAnita sthAna hai| isakI ke dvAdaza varSIya yajJa meM agni ne ghRta kA bar3I mAtrA meM prasiddhi kA mukhya kAraNa isakI tArkikatA hai / yaha grantha bhojana kiyA aura isase unako ajIrNa roga ho gyaa| kumArila bhaTTa ke siddhAntoM kA poSaka hai| pazcAt dUsare yajamAnoM ko yajJavastuoM ke bhakSaNa kI khadira-yajJopayogI pavitra vRkSa / isakA yajJayapa (yajJastambha) sAmarthya unako na rhii| pariNAmasvarUpa agnideva bahuta banatA hai / isakI zAkhAoM meM choTe-choTe cane jaise kA~Te kSINa ho gaye tathA isa sambandha meM unhoMne brahmA se pArthanA

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khAlasA 219 kI / brahmA ne agni ko khANDava vana jalAkara usake aise haiN| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki AkAza meM vicaraNa jantuoM kA bhakSaNa karane kI anumati dI, jo devoM ko karane vAlI yakSa, gandharva Adi kaI devayoniyA~ haiM, unhIM kaSTa pahu~cAte the / agni ne brAhmaNa kA veSa dhAraNa kara meM vidyAdhara bhI haiM / pakSI aura nakSatra bhI khecara kahaarjana evaM kRSNa ke pAsa jAkara khANDava vana ko jalAne meM sahAyatA mAMgI, kyoki khANDava vana indra dvArA surakSita khecarI-AkAzacAriNI devI / AkAza meM calane kI eka thaa| kRSNa aura arjuna ne hokara vana ke do siroM para siddhi, jo yogiyoM ko prApta hotI hai| haThayoga kI eka khar3e pazuoM ko vana se bhAgane se rokate hue indra mudrA (zArIrika sthiti), jisameM jIbha ko ulaTakara tAluko agni ke kArya meM bAdhA dene se rokane kA kArya mUla meM lagAte haiM / isakI pahelI prasiddha hai : sa~bhAlA / isa prakAra sArA vana jala gyaa| agni pandraha dina taka prajvalita rahA / kahA gayA hai ki agni ne ise gomAMsa khAdayed yastu pibedamaravAruNIm / eka bAra aura jalAyA thaa| yaha paurANika kathA pratIta kulInaM tamahaM manye cetare kulaghAtakAH / / hotI hai / isake pIche yaha artha spaSTa hai ki pANDavoM ne khemavAsa-mahAtmA dAdUdayAla ( dAdUpantha calAne vAle ) ke isa vana ko jalAkara 'khANDavaprastha' ( indraprastha) nAma eka ziSya kavi khemadAsa the| inake race hae bhajana yA pada kI apanI rAjadhAnI basAyI / janatA meM khUba pracalita haiN| khazA-dakSa kI kanyA aura kazyapa kI eka patnI / garuDa- khyAti-dArzanika siddhAntavAda, yathA anirvacanIya khyAti, purANa ( adhyAya 6 ) meM isakA ullekha hai : asatkhyAti, satkhyAti Adi / sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra dharmapatnyaH samAkhyAtAH kazyapasya vadAmyaham / antima jJAnarUpA vRtti / isa mata meM tIna prakAra ke tattva aditiditidanuH kAlA anAyuH siMhikA muniH / / hai-(1) vyakta (2) avyakta aura jny| mUla prakRti kadruH prAdhA irA krodhA vinatA surabhiH khshaa|| ko avyakta kahA jAtA hai| mUla prakRti ke pariNAma ko khAlasA-sikkha dharma kI eka zAkhA 'khAlasA' ( zaddha) vyakta kahA jAtA hai / isake teIsa bheda haiM jo kArya-kAraNa kahalAtI hai| guru govindasiMha ne dekhA ki unheM magaloM paramparA se pariNata hote haiM / jJa cetana hai / sAMkhyasiddhAnta se avazya lar3anA par3egA / isa kAraNa unhoMne eka aisA meM ye hI pacIsa tattva athavA prameya haiN| inhIM tattvoM ke sainika dala taiyAra kiyA, jisako dhArmika AdhAra prApta samyak jJAna arthAt prakRti-puruSa ke pArthakya ke bodha se duHkha ho| unhoMne apane sainikoM ko 'khaDga dI pahula' (khaDga kI nivRtti hotI hai / sAMkhyakArikA (2) meM kathana hai : saMskAra ) tathA anya aneka pratijJAoM ke pAlana karane ke 'vyaktAvyakta-jJa-vijJAnAt / ' lie taiyAra kiyaa| ina pratijJAoM meM pA~ca vastuoM [ vyakta, avyakta aura jJa ke vijJAna se duHkha nivRtti / ] ( keza, kacchA, kRpANa, kar3A tathA kaMdhA ) kA dhAraNa, isa jJAna ko hI khyAti kahate haiN| parantu yaha bhI eka niyamita IzvarArAdhanA, eka sAtha bhojana karanA tathA prakAra kI cittavRtti (akliSTA) kA pariNAma hai| raja mUrtipUjA, tIrthayAtrA, satI hone, zizuvadha, tambAkU evaM aura tama se rahita sattvaguNapradhAna prazAntavAhinI prajJA mAdaka dravyoM ke sevana se dUra rahane kI pratijJAe~ thiiN| hara khyAti hai| isameM vRttisaMskAra kA cakra banA rahatA hai| eka kI upAdhi 'siMha' rakhI gayI / inameM jAtibheda na rahA cittanirodha kI avasthA meM yaha saMskArarUpa se calatA rahatA aura isa prakAra ye khAlasA ( zuddha ) kahalAye / hai| abhyAsa ke dvArA saMskAroM kA bhI kSaya hokara videha khilaparva-untIsa upapurANoM ke atirikta mahAbhArata kA kaivalya prApta hotA hai, jisameM khyAti bhI nivRtta ho jAtI khilaparva, jise harivaMza bhI kahate haiM, upapurANoM meM ginA hai / de0 zizupAlavadha (4.55) / jAtA hai / isameM viSNu bhagavAn ke caritra kA kIrtana hai aura vizeSa rUpa se kRSNAvatAra kI kathA hai| khecara-(AkAza meM calane vAle) vidyAdhara / inheM kAmarUpI ga-vyaJjanoM ke kavarga kA tRtIya varNa / kAmadhenutantra bhI kahate haiM, arthAt ye jaisA rUpa cAheM dhAraNa kara sakate meM isake svarUpa kA varNana isa prakAra hai :

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220 gakAra paramezAni paJcadevAtmakaM sadA / donoM rUpoM kI ora vidvAnoM ne saMketa kiye hai| ataH nirguNaM triguNopetaM nirIhaM nirmalaM sadA / / gaGgA kA bhautika rUpa ke sAtha eka pAramArthika rUpa bhI hai| paJcaprANamayaM vaNaM sarvazaktyAtmakaM priye / vanaparva ke anusAra yadyapi kurukSetra meM snAna karake manuSya aruNAdityasaMkAzAM kuNDalIM praNamAmyaham / / puNya ko prApta kara sakatA hai, para kanakhala aura prayAga ke [he paramezvarI devI! ga varNa sadA paJcadevAtmaka hai| snAna meM apekSAkRta adhika vizeSatA hai / prayAga ke snAna tIna guNoM se saMyukta hote hue bhI sadA nirguNa, nirIha ko sabase adhika pavitra mAnA gayA hai| yadi koI vyakti aura nirmala hai / yaha varNa paJca prANoM se yukta aura sabhI saikar3oM pApa karake bhI gaGgA (prayAga) meM snAna kara le to zaktiyoM se saMpanna hai / lAlavarNa sUrya ke samAna zobhA vAle usake sabhI pApa dhula jAte haiN| isameM snAna karane yA kuNDalinIzakti svarUpa isa varNa ko praNAma karatA hai|] isakA jala pIne se pUrvajoM kI sAtavIM pIr3hI taka pavitra varNoddhAratantra ke anusAra isake dhyAna kI vidhi isa ho jAtI hai / gaGgAjala manuSya kI asthiyoM ko jitanI prakAra hai : hI dera taka sparza karatA hai use utanI hI adhika svarga meM prasannatA yA pratiSThA prApta hotI hai| jina-jina sthAnoM se dhyAnamasya pravakSyAmi zRNuSva varavaNinI / hokara gaGgA bahatI hai una sthAnoM ko isase saMbaddha hone ke dADimIpuSpasaMkAzAM caturbAhusamanvitAm // kAraNa pUrNa pavitra mAnA gayA hai / raktAmbaradharAM nityAM ratnAlaGkArabhUSitAm / gItA (10.31) meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne apane ko nadiyoM evaM dhyAtvA brahmarUpAM tanmantraM dazadhA japet / / meM gaGgA kahA hai| manusmRti ( 8.92 ) meM gaGgA aura tantroM meM isake nimnalikhita nAma pAye jAte haiM : kurukSetra ko sabase adhika pavitra sthAna mAnA gayA hai / kucha go-gaurI gauravo gaGgA gaNezo gokulezvaraH / purANoM meM gaGgA kI tIna dhArAoM kA ullekha hai-svargaGgA zArkI paJcAtmako gAthA gandharvaH sarvagaH smRtiH / / (mandAkinI), bhUgaGgA ( bhAgIrathI ) aura pAtAlagaGgA sarvasiddhiH prabhA dhUmrA dvijAkhyaH zivadarzanaH / / (bhogvtii)| purANoM meM bhagavAna viSNu ke bAyeM caraNa ke vizvAtmA gauH pRthagrUpa bAlabandhustrilocanaH / a~gUThe ke nakha se gaGgA kA janma aura bhagavAn zaGkara kI gItaM sarasvatI vidyA bhoginI nandinI dharA / jaTAoM meM usakA vilayana batAyA gayA hai| bhogavatI ca hRdayaM jJAnaM jAlandharI lavaH // viSNupurANa (2.8.120-121) meM likhA hai ki gaGgA gaGgA-bhArata kI sarvAdhika pavitra puNyasalilA ndii| rAjA kA nAma lene, sunane, use dekhane, usakA jala pIne, sparza bhagIratha tapasyA karake gaGgA ko pRthvI para lAye the| yaha ___karane, usameM snAna karane tathA sau yojana se bhI 'gaGgA' kathA bhAgavata purANa meM vistAra se hai / Aditya purANa ke nAma kA uccAraNa karane mAtra se manuSya ke tIna janmoM anusAra pRthvI para gaGgAvataraNa vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ko taka ke pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM / bhaviSyapurANa (pRSTha 9, 12 tathA himAlaya se gaGgAnirgamana jyeSTha zukla dazamI tathA 198) meM bhI yahI kahA hai / matsya, garuDa aura padma(gaGgAdazaharA) ko huA thaa| isako dazaharA isalie purANoM ke anusAra haridvAra, prayAga aura gaGgA ke samudrakahate haiM ki isa dina kA gaGgAsnAna dasa pApoM ko saMgama meM snAna karane se manuSya marane para svarga pahu~ca jAtA haratA hai| kaI pramukha tIrthasthAna-haridvAra, gar3hamuktezvara, hai aura phira kabhI utpanna nahIM hotaa| use nirvANa kI soroM, prayAga, kAzI Adi isI ke taTa para sthita haiN| prApti ho jAtI hai| manuSya gaGgA ke mahattva ko mAnatA ho Rgveda ke nadIsUkta (10.75.5-6) ke anusAra gaGgA yA na mAnatA ho yadi vaha gaGgA ke samIpa lAyA jAya aura bhArata kI kaI prasiddha nadiyoM meM se sarvaprathama hai| mahA- vahIM mRtyu ko prApta ho to bhI vaha svarga ko jAtA hai aura bhArata tathA padmapurANAdi meM gaGgA kI mahimA tathA pavitra naraka nahIM dekhatA / varAhapurANa (adhyAya 82) meM gaGgA ke karanevAlI zaktiyoM kI vistArapUrvaka prazaMsA kI gayI hai| nAma ko 'gAm gatA' (jo pRthvI ko calI gayI hai) ke rUpa skandapurANa ke kAzIkhaNDa (adhyAya 29) meM isake sahasra kAThazIvATa (adhyAya 29) meM dasake sahasra meM vivecita kiyA gayA hai| nAmoM kA ullekha hai| isake bhautika tathA AdhyAtmika padmapurANa (sRSTikhaMDa, 60.35) ke anusAra gaGgA sabhI

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gaGgAjayantI-gaGgeza upAdhyAya 221 prakAra ke patitoM kA uddhAra kara detI hai| kahA jAtA hai gaGgAdhara-ziva kA eka paryAya / zivajI gaGgA ko apane sira ki gaGgA meM snAna karate samaya vyakti ko gaGgA ke sabhI para dhAraNa karate hai, isalie inakA yaha nAma pdd'aa| nAmoM kA uccAraNa karanA caahie| use jala tathA miTTI vAlmIki rAmAyaNa (1.43.1-11) meM ziva dvArA gaGgA lekara gaGgA se yAcanA karanI cAhie ki Apa mere pApoM dhAraNa kI kathA dI huI hai| ko dUra kara tInoM lokoM kA uttama mArga prazasta kreN| gaGgAdhara (bhASyakAra)-kAtyAyanasUtra (yajurvedIya) ke bhASyabuddhimAna vyakti hAtha meM darbha lekara pitaroM kI santuSTi ke kAroM meM gaGgAdhara kA bhI nAma ullekhanIya hai| lie gaGgA se prArthanA kare / isake bAda use zraddhA ke sAtha gaGgAdhara (kavi)-aitihAsika gayA abhilekha ke racayitA, sUrya bhagavAn ko kamala ke phUla tathA akSata ityAdi sama- jinakA samaya 1137 I0 hai| gaGgAdhara nAmaka gItapaNa karanA cAhie / use yaha bhI kahanA cAhie ki ve govindakAra jayadeva ke pratispardhI eka kavi bhI the| usake doSoM ko dUra kreN| gaGgAsAgara-vaha tIrtha, jahA~ gaGgA nadI sAgara meM milatI hai ___ kAzIkhaNDa (27.80) meM kahA gayA hai ki jo loga gaGgA (gaGgA aura sAgara kA saMgama) / sabhI saMgama pavitra mAne ke taTa para khar3e hokara dUsare tIrthoM kI prazaMsA karate hai aura jAte haiM, yaha saMgama auroM se vizeSa pavitra hai| apane mana meM ucca vicAra nahIM rakhate, ve naraka meM jAte yAtrI kalakattA se prAyaH jahAja dvArA gaMgAsAgara jAte haiN| kAzIkhaNDa (27.129-131) meM yaha bhI kahA gayA haiN| kalakattA se 38 mIla dakSiNa 'DAyamaNDa hArabara' hai ki zukla pratipadA ko gaGgAsnAna nityasnAna se saugunA, hai, vahA~ se lagabhaga 90 mIla gaMgAsAgara ke lie nAva yA saMkrAnti kA snAna sahasragunA, candra-sUryagrahaNa kA snAna jahAja dvArA jAnA hotA hai| dvIpa meM thor3e se sAdhu rahate lAkhagunA lAbhadAyaka hai| candragrahaNa somavAra ko tathA hai, vaha aba vana se DhakA tathA prAyaH janahIna hai| jahA~ sUryagrahaNa ravivAra ko par3ane para usa dina kA gaGgAsnAna gaMgAsAgara kA melA hotA hai, vahA~ se uttara vAmanakhala asaMkhyagunA puNyakAraka hai| sthAna meM eka prAcIna mandira hai| usake pAsa candanapIDi __ bhaviSyapurANa meM gaGgA ke nimnAMkita rUpa kA dhyAna vana meM eka jIrNa mandira hai aura buDa-buDIra taTa para karane kA vidhAna hai : vizAlAkSI kA mandira hai / isa samaya gaGgAsAgara kA melA sitamakaraniSaNNAM zuklavarNAM trinetrAm jahA~ lagatA hai pahale vahA~ pUrI gaGgA samudra meM milatI thii| karadhRtakamalodyatsUtpalA'bhItyabhISTAm / aba sAgaradvIpa ke pAsa eka choTI dhArA samudra meM milatI vidhiharihararUpAM sendukoTIracUDAm hai| yahA~ kapila muni kA Azrama thA, jinake zApa se kalitasitadukUlAM jAhnavIM tAM namAmi / rAjA sagara ke sATha hajAra putra jala gaye the aura jinako gaGgA ke smaraNa aura darzana kA bahuta bar3A phala bata- tArane ke lie bhagIratha gaGgA ko yahA~ lAye / saMkrAnti ke lAyA gayA hai : dina samudra kI prArthanA kI jAtI hai, prasAda car3hAyA jAtA dRSTA tu harate pApaM spRSTA tu tridivaM nayet / hai aura snAna kiyA jAtA hai| dopahara ko phira snAna prasaGgenApi yA gaGgA mokSadA tvavagAhitA / / tathA muNDana karma hotA hai| zrAddha, piNDadAna bhI kiyA gaGgAjayantI-jyeSTha zukla dazamI ko gaGgAjayantI manAyI __ jAtA hai| mIThe jala kA kaccA sarovara hai jisakA jala jAtI hai / isa tithi ko gaGgAdazaharA bhI kahate haiN| isa pIkara loga apane ko pavitra mAnate haiM / dina gaGgAsnAna kA vizeSa mahattva hai, kyoMki isI dina gaGgaza upAdhyAya-nyAyadarzana ke eka navIna zailI pravartaka himAlaya se gaGgA kA nirgamana huA thaa| isa tithi kA AcArya / inakA prasiddha grantha 'tattvacintAmaNi' trayodaza gaGgAsnAna dasoM prakAra ke pApoM kA haraNa karatA hai| dasa zatAbdI meM racA gayA thaa| ye mithilA ke nivAsI the / pApoM meM tIna mAnasika, tIna vAcika aura cAra kAyika haiN| jaba maithiloM ne navadvIpa vidyApITha ke pakSadhara paNDita ko gaGgAdAsa sena-mahAbhArata grantha ko ur3iyA bhASA meM anU- ukta grantha kI pratilipi nahIM karane dI, taba unhoMne sunadita karane vAloM meM gaGgAdAsa sena bhI eka haiN| utkala kara ho use pUrA kaNThastha kara liyA aura navadvIpa ke pradeza meM inakA mahAbhArata bahuta lokapriya hai| prakANDa vidvAn jagadIza tarkAlaMkAra, mathurAnAtha bhaTTAcArya

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222 Adi ko par3hAkara navya nyAya kA diganta meM prasAra kiyaa| gaGgottarI - gaGgAjI kA udgama to himamaNDita gomukha tIrtha se huA hai, kintu gaMgottarI dhAma usase 18 mIla nIce hai / gaMgottarI meM snAna ke pazcAt gaMgAjI kA pUjana karake gaMgAjala lekara yAtrI nIce utarate haiN| yaha svAna samudrastara se 10,020 phuTa kI UMcAI para gaMgA ke dakSiNa taTa para hai / Asa-pAsa devadAru tathA cIr3a ke vana haiM / yahA~ mukhya mandira gaGgAjI kA hai| zIta kAla meM yaha sthAna himAcchAdita ho jAtA hai| gaGgottarI se nIce kedAragaMgA kA saMgama hai / vahA~ se eka pharlAMga para bar3I U~cAI se gaMgAjI zivAkAra gola zilAkhaNDa ke Upara giratI haiM / isa sthAna ko gaurIkuNDa kahate haiM / gajacchAyA - jyotiSa kA eka yoga / mitAkSarAparibhASA meM isakA lakSaNa diyA huA hai : yadenduH pitRdaivatye haMsazcaiva kare sthitaH yAmyA tithirbhavet sA hi gajacchAyA prakIrtitA // [ candra mayA meM aura sUrya hasta nakSatra (Azvina kRSNa 13) meM ho taba gajacchAyA yoga kahalAtA hai|] kRtyacintAmaNi ke anusAra yaha yoga zrAddha ke lie puNyakAraka mAnA jAtA hai : kRSNapakSe trayodazyAM maghAsvinduH kare raviH / yadA tadA gajacchAyA dhAddhe puNyairavApyate / / varAhapurANa ke anusAra candra-sUryagrahaNakAla ko bhI gajacchAyA yoga kahate haiM : saiMhikeyo yadA bhAnuM grasate parvasandhiSu / gajacchAyA tu sA proktA tatra zrAddhaM prakalpayet // gajacchAyA vrata Azvina kRSNa trayodazI ko yadi maghA nakSatra ho tathA sUrya hasta nakSatra para ho to isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / yaha zrAddha kA samaya hai / zAtAtapa (hamAdri, kAla para caturvacintAmaNi) ke anusAra yadi isa amAvasa ko sUryagrahaNa ho to usako gajacchAyA kahate haiM / isa samaya kA zrAddha akSaya hotA hai / gajanIrAjanAvidhi - Azvina pUrNimA ke dina madhyAhnottara kAla meM gajoM ( hAthiyoM) ke sAmane laharoM meM jalate hue dIpakoM ko Avartita karane ko gajanIrAjanAvidhi kahate gaGgotarI-gaNa haiM / yaha rAjAoM ke lie mAMgalika kRtya mAnA jAtA hai / gajapUjAvidhi - Azvina pUrNimA ke dina sukha-samRddhi ke abhilASiyoM ke lie isa vrata kA vidhAna hai / de0 hemAdri, 2.222-25 / isameM gaja kI pUjA hotI hai / gajAnana -- gaNeza kA paryAya / gaNeza gajAnana kaise hue yaha kathA brahmavaivarta (gaNezakhaNDa, adhyAya 6) tathA skandapurANa ( gaNezakhaNDa, adhyAya 11 ) meM vibhinna rUpoM meM kahI gayI hai| brahmavaivarta meM kahA gayA hai zanidRSTayA zirazchedAda gajavaktreNa yojitaH / gajAnanaH zizustena niyatiH kena bAdhyate // [ zanideva kI dRSTi par3ane se gaNezajI kA mastaka kaTa gayA, taba hAthI kA mastaka lagA dene para ve gajAnana kahe gaye / bhAgya prabala hai / ] de0 'gaNeza' | gajAyurveda - Ayurveda kA yaha eka pazucikitsIya vibhAga hai / gAya, hAthI, ghor3e Adi pazuoM ke sambandha meM Ayurveda grantha avazya rahe hoMge, kyoMki agnipurANa (281-291 adhyAya taka ) meM ina vividha AyurvedoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| gajAyurveda meM gaja (hAthI) ke prakAra tathA tatsambandhI cikitsA kA vistRta vidhAna hai| 'zAlihotra' bhI pazucikitsA kA pramukha grantha hai| gar3hamuktezvara - meraTha se 26 mIla dakSiNa-pUrva gaGgA ke dAhine taTa para yaha nagara hai| yahA~ taka moTara baseM jAtI hai| prAcIna kAla meM vistRta hastinApura nagara kA yaha eka khaNDa thA / yahA~ muktezvara ziva kA mandira hai / kaI anya prAcIna mandira bhI haiN| kArtika pUrNimA ko yahAM vizAla melA lagatA hai / gaNa gaNa kA artha 'samUha' hai rudra ke anucaroM ko bhI gaNa kahA gayA hai| kucha devatA gaNa ( samudAya) rUpa meM prasiddha haiM : Aditya- vizva vasavaH, tuSitAbhAsvarAnilAH / mahArAjika - sAdhyAzca rudrAzca gaNadevatAH // [ Aditya (12) vizvedeva (10) vasu (8), tuSita, AbhAsvara, maruta (49), mahArAjika, sAdhya aura rudra (11) gaNadevatA haiM / ] marutoM ke gaNa, indra aura donoM ke sainika haiM / jyotiSaratnamAlA meM azvinI Adi janmanakSatroM ke anusAra deva, mAnuSa aura rAkSasa tIna gaNa mAne gaye haiM /

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gaNagaurovata-gaNapati 223 gaNagaurIvrata-caitra zukla tRtIyA ko vizeSa rUpa se sadhavA zarIra aura lambA udara hai| inake cAra hAtha aura hAthI striyoM ke lie gaurIpUjana kA vidhAna hai| kucha loga ise kA sira hai, jisameM eka hI dA~ta hai, inake eka hAtha meM girigaurIvrata kahate haiN| de0 ahalyAkAmadhenu, patrAtmaka zaMkha, dUsare meM cakra, tIsare meM gadA athavA aMkuza tathA 257 / bhArata ke madhya bhAga, rAjasthAna Adi meM yaha bahuta cauthe meM kumudinI hai / inakI savArI mUSaka hai| pracalita hai| __ gaNeza ke gajAnana aura ekadanta hone ke sambandha meM gaNapati (gaNeza)-gaNapati kA prathama ullekha Rgveda purANoM meM aneka kathAe~ dI haI haiM / de0 'gajAnana' / eka (2.23.1) meM milatA hai : kathA ke anusAra pArvatI ko apane zizu gaNeza para bar3A gaNAnAM tvA gaNapatiM havAmahe kavi kavInAmupazravastamam / garva thaa| unhoMne zanigraha se usako dekhane ko khaa| jyeSTharAjaM brahmaNA brahmaNaspata AnaH zRNvannUtibhiH sIda zani kI dRSTi par3ate hI gaNeza kA sira jalakara bhasma ho sAdanam / / gayA / pArvatI bahuta dukhI huiiN| brahmA ne unase kahA ki zukla yajurveda ke azvamedhAdhyAya meM bhI gaNapati zabda jo bhI prathama sira mile usako gaNeza ke Upara rakha diyA AyA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki prArambhika gaNarAjyoM ke gaNa- jAya / pArvatI ko sabase pahale hAthI kA hI sira milA, patiyoM ke sambandha meM jo bhAvanA thI usI ke AdhAra para jisako unhoMne gaNeza ke Upara rakha diyA / isa prakAra devamaNDala ke gaNapati kI kalpanA kI gyii| parantu yaha gaNeza gajAnana ho gaye / dUsarI kathA ke anusAra eka bAra zabda devatAoM ke eka viruda ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai, pArvatI snAna karane gayIM aura gaNeza ko daravAje para baiThA svatantra devatA ke rUpa meM nhiiN| kintu rudra (vaidika ziva) gayIM / ziva Akara pArvatI ke bhavana meM praveza karanA cAhate ke gaNoM se gaNapati kA sambandha svatantra devatA rUpa meM the| gaNeza ne rokaa| ziva ne krodha meM Akara gaNeza kA sira kATa diyA, parantu pArvatI ko santuSTa karane ke lie purANoM meM rudra ke marut Adi asaMkhya gaNa prasiddha haiN| hAthI kA sira lAkara gaNeza ke zarIra meM jor3a diyA / inake nAyaka athavA pati ko vinAyaka yA gaNapati kahate tIsarI kathA ke anusAra pArvatI ne svayaM apanI kalpanA se haiM / samasta devamaNDala ke nAyaka bhI gaNapati hI haiM, yadyapi gaNeza kA sira hAthI kA banAyA / ekadanta hone kI zivaparivAra se inakA sambandha banA huA hai| DaoN0 sampU kathA isa prakAra hai ki eka bAra parazarAma kailAsa meM zivarNAnanda ne apane granthoM-'gaNeza' tathA 'hindU devaparivAra kA jI se milane gaye / pahare para baiThe gaNeza ne unako rokaa| vikAsa' meM gaNeza ko Aryetara devatA mAnA hai, jisakA donoM meM yuddha huaa| parazurAma ke parazu (pharsa) se gaNeza kramazaH praveza aura Adara hindU devamaNDala meM ho gayA / bahutere kA eka dA~ta TUTa gyaa| ye saba kathAe~ kAlpanika hai| logoM kA kahanA hai ki hindU laghu devamaNDala, ardhadevayoni inakA pratIkAtmaka artha yaha hai ki gaNapati kA sira hAthI tathA bhUta-pizAca parivAra meM bahuta se Aryetara tattva milate ke samAna bar3A honA cAhie jo buddhimAnI aura gambhIratA haiM / parantu gaNapati athavA gaNeza meM Aryetara tattva hU~DhanA kA dyotaka hai| inake Ayudha bhI daNDanAyaka ke pratIka hai| kalpanA mAtra hai / gaNapati kA sambandha prArambha se hI Arya gaNapati vighnanAzaka, maMgala aura Rddhi-siddhi ke dene vAle, gaNoM, rudragaNa tathA zivaparivAra se hai / unako vighnkaarii| vidyA aura buddhi ke AgAra haiN| pratyeka maGgalakArya ke aura bhayaMkara guNa Rktha meM rudra se mile haiM tathA siddhi- prArambha meM inakA AvAhana kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka zivakArI aura mAGgalika guNa ziva se / mandira meM gaNeza kI mati pAyI jAtI hai| gaNeza ke svapurANoM meM rUpakoM kI bharamAra hai isalie gaNapati kI tantra mandira dakSiNa meM adhika pAye jAte haiM / gaNapati kI utpatti aura unake vividha guNoM kA Azcaryajanaka rUpakoM pUjA kA vistRta vidhAna hai| inako modaka (laDDU) vizeSa meM atiraMjita varNana hai| adhikAMza kathAeM brahmavaivarta- priya haiM / gaNeza kI mUrti kA dhyAna nimnAMkita hai : purANa meM pAyI jAtI hai / gaNapati kahIM ziva-pArvatI ke putra kharvaM sthUlatanuM gajendravadanaM lambodaraM sundaram mAne gaye haiM aura kahIM kevala pArvatI ke hii| inake vigraha prasyandanmadagandhalubdhamadhupavyAlolagaNDasthalam / kI kalpanA bhI vicitra hai| inakA rakta raMga athavA moTA dantAghAtavidAritArirudhiraiH sindUrazobhAkaram

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224 gaNapati upaniSada-gaNeza upapurANa vande zailasutAsutaM gaNapati siddhipradaM kAmadam / / tantrasAra meM eka dUsarA dhyAna varNita hai : sindUrAbhaM trinetraM pRthutarajaTharaM hastapardadhAnaM dantaM pAzAGkuzeSTAnyurukaravilasadbIjapUrAbhirAmam / bAlendudyotimauli karipativadanaM dAnapUrArdragaNDam bhogIndrAbaddhabhUSaM bhajata gaNapati raktavastrAGgarAgam // pUjApaddhati meM gaNapatinamaskAra kI vidhi isa prakAra hai: devendramaulimandAramakarandakaNAruNAH / vighnaM harantu herambacaraNAmbujareNavaH / / rAghavabhaTTa kRta zAradAtilaka kI TIkA ke anusAra ikAvana (51) gaNapati aura utanI hI unakI zaktiyA~ haiN| gaNapati upaniSad-gANapatya sAhitya kA udaya gaNapati- pUjA se hotA hai / gaNapati tApanIya upaniSada evaM gaNapati upaniSad meM gANapatya dharma vA darzana prApta hotA hai / gaNa- pati upaniSad atharvaziras kA hI eka bhAga hai| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda keneDI ne prastuta kiyA hai| gaNapati-upAsanA-mahAbhArata, anuzAsana parva ke 151veM adhyAya meM gaNezvaroM aura vinAyakoM kA stuti se prasanna ho jAnA aura pAtakoM se rakSA karanA varNita hai / isa nAte gajAnana evaM SaDAnana donoM gaNAdhIza haiM aura bhagavAn zaMkara ke putra hai| parantu gajAnana to parAtpara brahma ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM aura parAtpara brahma kA nAma "mahA- gaNAdhipati' kahA gayA hai| bhAva yaha hai ki mahAgaNAdhi- pati ne hI apanI icchA se ananta vizva aura pratyeka vizva meM ananta brahmANDoM kI racanA kI aura pratyeka brahmANDa meM apane aMza se trimUrtiyA~ prakaTa kii| isI dRSTi se sabhI sampradAyoM ke hinduoM meM sabhI maMgala kAryoM ke Arambha meM gaurI-gaNeza kI pUjA sabase pahale hotI hai / yAtrA ke Arambha meM gaurI-gaNeza kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / pustaka, patra, bahI Adi kisI bhI lekha ke Arambha meM pahale "zrIgaNezAya namaH" likhane kI purAnI prathA calI AtI hai| mahArASTra meM gaNapatipUjA bhAdra zukla caturthI ko bar3e samAroha se huA karatI hai aura gaNezacaturthI ke vrata to sAre bhArata meM mAnya haiN| gaNapati vinAyaka ke mandira bhI bhAratavyApI haiM aura gaNezajI Adi aura anAdi deva mAne jAte haiN| inhIM ke nAma se gANapatya sampradAya pracalita huaa| gaNapatikumArasampradAya-'zaGkaradigvijaya' meM Anandagiri aura dhanapati ne gANapatya sampradAya kI cha: zAkhAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| inameM eka zAkhA 'gaNapatikumArasampradAya' hai / isa sampradAya vAle haridrA-gaNapati ko pUjate haiN| ve bhI apane upAsya deva ko parabrahma paramAtmA kahate haiM aura Rgveda ke dUsare maNDala ke 23veM sUkta ko pramANa mAnate haiN| de0 'gaNapati' / gaNapaticaturtho-bhaviSyapurANa ke anusAra pratyeka caturthI kA vrata gaNapaticaturthIvrata kahalAtA hai| jaba gaNeza kI pUjA bhAdra zukla caturthI ko hotI hai to isa tithi ko zivAcaturthI, yadi mAgha zukla caturthI ko ho to zAntA caturthI aura yadi zukla caturthI ko maMgala kA dina par3e to use sukhA caturthI kahate haiN| Ajakala yaha pUjA Der3ha dina, pA~ca dina, sAta dina athavA anantacaturdazI taka calatI hai / antima dina mUrti kUpa, tAlAba, nadI athavA samudra meM gAje-bAje ke sAtha vijita kI jAtI hai| do mAsa kI caturthiyoM ke dinoM meM vratI ko nirAhAra rahane kA vidhAna hai| usa dina brAhmaNa ko tila se bane padArtha khilAne caahie| vahI padArtha rAtri meM svayaM bhI khAne cAhie / de0 hemAdri, 1.519-520 / / gaNapatitApanIyopaniSada-nasiMhatApanIyopaniSad kI bahugrAhakatA vA pracAra dekha anya sampradAyoM ne bhI isI DhaMga ke upaniSadgrantha prastuta kiye| rAma, gaNapati, gopAla, tripurA Adi tApanIya upaniSadeM prastuta hii| gaNapatitApanIyopaniSad meM gANapatya mata ke darzana kA vivecana gaNeza utsava-mahArASTra pradeza meM yaha utsava usI ullAsa se manAyA jAtA hai jaise baMgAla meM durgotsava, ur3IsA meM rathayAtrA tathA draviDa deza meM poMgala mAsa / madhyayuga meM marAThA zakti ke udaya ke sAtha gaNezapUjana kA mahattva bar3hA / usa samaya gaNeza (jananAyaka) kI vizeSa AvazyakatA thii| gaNeza usake dhArmika pratIka the| Adhunika yuga meM lokamAnya bAlagaMgAdhara tilaka ne isa utsava kA punaruddhAra kiyaa| isameM lagabhaga eka saptAha kA kAryakrama banatA hai / isameM pUjana, kathA, vyAkhyAna, manoraJjana Adi kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha utsava bar3e sAMskRtika evaM rASTrIya mahattva kA hai| gaNeza upapurANa-gANapatya sampradAya kA upapurANa / isameM

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gaNezakuNDa-gandhavata 225 bhagavAn gaNapati kI aneka kathAe~ dI gayI hai| gaNezakuNDa-karavI sTezana se citrakUTa jAte samaya mArga meM karavI saMskRta pAThazAlA milatI hai| yahA~ se lagabhaga r3hAI mIla dakSiNa-pUrva pagaDaNDI ke rAste jAne para gaNezakuNDa nAmaka sarovara tathA prAcIna mandira milate haiN| aba ye sarovara tathA mandira jIrNa dazA meM arakSita haiN| gaNezakhaNDa-brahmavaivartapurANa ke cAra khaNDoM-brahmakhaNDa, prakRtikhaNDa, gaNezakhaNDa aura kRSNajanmakhaNDa meM se eka / gaNezakhaNDa meM gaNeza ke janma, karma tathA carita kA vistRta varNana hai| isameM gaNeza kRSNa ke avatAra ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| gaNezacaturthIvrata-bhAdra zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai / eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa honA cAhie / isameM gaNezapUjana kA vidhAna hai| hemAdri, 1.510 ke anusAra caturthI ke dina gaNezapUjana kA vidhAna vaizvAnarapratipadA kI taraha hI honA cAhie / de0 'gaNapaticaturthI' / gaNezayAmalatantra-kulacUDAmaNitantra meM uddhRta 64 tantroM kI sUcI meM ATha yAmala tantra sammilita haiN| 'yAmala' zabda yamala (yugma) se gaThita hai tathA vizeSa devatA tathA usakI zakti ke aikya kA sUcaka hai| gaNezayAmalatantra una AThoM meM se eka hai| gaNezastotra-vaiSNavasaMhitAoM kI tAlikA meM gaNezasaMhitA kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, jo gANapatya sampradAya se sambandhita hai| gaNezastotra isI kA eka aMza hai, jisameM gaNeza kI stutiyoM kA saMgraha hai| gaNoddezadIpikA-yaha caitanya sampradAya ke AcArya rUpa gosvAmI kRta 16vIM zatI kA eka saMskRta grantha hai| isameM caitanya mahAprabhu ke sAthiyoM ko gopiyoM kA avatAra kahA gayA hai| gaNDako-himAlaya se pravAhita honevAlI uttara bhArata kI eka prasiddha ndii| isakA prAcIna nAma sadAnIrA thaa| dUsarA nAma nArAyaNI bhI hai, kyoMki isake pravAhavega dvArA golAkAra honevAle pASANakhaNDoM se nArAyaNa (zAlagrAma) nikalate haiM / paravartI smRtiyoM ke anusAra, gaNDakyAzcaikadeze ca zAlagrAmasthalaM smRtam / pASANaM tadbhavaM yattat zAlagrAmamiti smRtam / / varAhapurANa (somezvarAdi liGgamahimA, avimuktakSetra, triveNyAdimahimA nAmAdhyAya) meM zAlagrAma-utpatti kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai : gaNDakyApi purA taptaM varSANAmayutaM vidho / zIrNaparNAzanaM kRtvA vAyubhakSApyanantaram / / divyaM varSazataM tepe viSNu cintayatI sadA / tataH sAkSAjjagannAtho haribhaktajanapriyaH // uvAca madhuraM vAkyaM prItaH praNatavatsalaH / gaNDaki tvAM prasanno'smi tapasA vismito'naghe / / anavacchinnayA bhaktyA varaM varaya suvrate / tato himAMzo sA devI gaNDakI lokatAriNI / / prAJjaliH praNatA bhUtvA madhuraM vAkyamabravIt / yadi deva prasanno'si deyo me vAMchito varaH / / mama garbhagato bhUtvA viSNo matputratAM vraja / tataH prasannI bhagavAn cintayAmAsa gopate / / gaNDakImavadat prItaH zRNa devi vaco mama / zAlagrAmazilArUpI tava garbhagataH sadA // tiSThAmi tava putratve bhaktAnugrahakAraNAt / matsAnnidhyAd nadInAM tvamatizreSThA bhaviSyasi / / darzanAt sparzanAt snAnAt pAnAccaivAvagAhanAt / hariSyasi mahApApaM vAGmanaHkAyasambhavam / [ gaNDakI ne dIrghakAla taka viSNu kI ArAdhanA kI, viSNu ne usako darzana dekara vara mA~gane ko kahA / gaMDakI ne vara mA~gA ki Apa mere garbha se putra rUpa meM utpanna huA kreN| bhagavAn bole ki zAlagrAma zilArUpa meM maiM tumase utpanna hotA rahU~gA; isase tuma sabhI nadiyoM meM pavitra evaM darzana-pAna-snAna se amita puNyadAyinI ho jaaogii|] gadAdhara (bhASyakAra)-gadAdhara ne kAtyAyanasUtra (yaju vedIya) tathA pAraskaragRhyasUtra (yaju0) para bhASya likhe haiN| pAraskaragRhyasUtra vAlA gadAdhara kA bhASya karmakANDa para pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| bhASya aura nibandha kA yaha mizraNa hai| gadyatraya-AcArya rAmAnujakRta eka grantha, jisakI TIkA veGkaTanAtha ne likhI hai / isameM viziSTAdvaita siddhAnta (tattvatraya, cit-acita-Izvara) kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| gandhavrata-pUrNimA ke dina isa vrata kA Arambha hokara eka varSaparyanta AcaraNa hotA hai| pUrNimA ko upavAsa kA vidhAna hai / varSa kI samApti ke pazcAt sugandhita padArthoM se nirmita devapratimA kisI brAhmaNa ko dAna kI jAtI hai| de0 hemAdri, 2.241 / 29

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226 gandharva-gayA gandharva-yaha ardhadeva yoni hai / svarga kA gAyaka hai| isakI gandharvaveda hai| .vyutpatti hai : 'gandha' arthAt saGgIta, vAdya Adi se utpanna gandhASTaka-ATha sugandhita padArthoM kA samUha / sabhI vratoM pramoda ko 'ava' prApta karatA hai jo / stutirUpa tathA gItarUpa meM gandha se paripUrNa aSTa dravyoM kA sammizraNa thor3I bhinnatA vAkyoM athavA razmiyoM kA dhAraNa karane vAlA gandharva hai| ke sAtha pRthak-pathaka devatAoM ko arpita karanA caahie| usakI vidyA gAndharva vidyA vA gAndharva upaveda hai| gandharva devatAoM meM zakti, viSNu, ziva tathA gaNezAdi kI gaNanA una devavargoM kA nAma hai jo nAcate, gAte aura bajAte hai| 'zAradAtilaka' ke anusAra devatAbheda se gandhASTaka haiN| gIta. vAdya aura natya tInoM kA AnuSaGgika sambandha nimnalikhita prakAra ke haiM : hai / gAne kA anusaraNa vAdya karatA hai aura vAdya kA nRtya / candanAguru-karpUra-cora-kuGkuma-rocanAH / sAdhAraNataH laukika saGgItazAstra ke pravartaka bharata samajhe jaTAmAMsI kapiyutA zaktargandhASTakaM viduH / / jAte haiM aura divya ke bhagavAn zaGkara / paraloka meM kinnara, candanAguru-hrIvera-kuSTha-kuGkama-sevyakAH / gandharva Adi saGgItakalA kA vyavasAya karane vAle samajhe jaTAmAMsI suramiti viSNorgandhASTakaM viduH|| jAte haiN| inakI gaNanA zaGkara ke gaNoM meM hai| candanAguru-karpUra-tamAla-jalakuGkamam / jaTAdhara ke anusAra gandharvI ke nimnalikhita bheda haiM : kuzIdaM kuSThasaMyukta zaivaM gandhASTakaM zubham / / hAhA huhUzcitraratho haMso vizvAvasustathA / svarUpaM candanaM coraM rocanAgurumeva ca / gomAyustumburunandirevamAdyAzca te smRtAH / / madaM mRgadvayodbhUtaM kastUrI candrasaMyutam // agnipurANa ke gaNabheda nAmaka adhyAya meM gandharvo ke gandhASTakaM vinirdiSTaM gaNezasya mahezi tu / / gyAraha gaNa athavA varga batAye gaye haiM : gayA-hinduoM ke pitaroM kI zrAddhabhUmi / isake aitihAsika, abhrAjo'GghArivambhAri sUryavadhrAstathA kRdhaH / paurANika tathA zilpakalA sambandhI avazeSoM ke varNana se hastaH suhastaH svAJca va mUddhanvAMzca mahAmanAH / / granthoM ke saikar3oM pRSTha bhare par3e haiN| kintu gayA ke sambandha vizvAvasuH kRzAnuzca gandharvaMdvAdazA gaNAH // meM diye gaye prAyaH sabhI mata kucha na kucha sImA taka zabdArthacintAmaNi ke anusAra divya aura martya bheda se vivAdAspada haiM / gayA ke purohita madhvAcArya dvArA sthApita gandharvo ke do bheda haiN| divya gandharva to svarga aura AkAza vaiSNava sampradAya meM AsthA rakhate haiM aura prAyaH mahantoM kA meM rahate haiM, martya gandharva pRthvI para janma lete haiN| divya jaisA AcaraNa karate haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki gayA bhagavAn gandharva kA ullekha Rgveda (10.139. :5) meM milatA hai : viSNu kA pavitra sthala hai / parantu vanaparva meM yaha saMketa hai vizvAvasurabhi tanno gRNAtu ki gayA yama (dharmarAja), brahmA tathA ziva kA bhI eka divyo gandharvo rajaso vimAnaH / pramukha pavitra sthAna hai| isI prakAra mahAbhArata (3. 161.26) meM : vedoM aura purANoM meM 'gayA' zabda vibhinna sthaloM para sa tamAsthAya bhagavAn rAjarAjo mahAratham / bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM prayukta huA hai| gaya nAma Rgveda kI prayayau devagandharvaiH stUyamAno mahAdyutiH / / kucha RcAoM ke racayitA ke lie prayukta huA hai / vedamartya gandharva kI carcA isa prakAra hai : saMhitAoM meM to yaha nAma asuroM aura rAkSasoM ke lie bhI asmin kalpe manuSyaH san puNyapAkabizeSataH / AyA hai / inameM gayAsura kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / nirukta gandharvatvaM samApanno martyagandharva ucyate / / (12.19) meM gayazira nAma AyA hai, jisa para bhagavAn skandapurANa ke kAzIkhaNDa meM gandharvaloka kA savistara viSNu pA~va rakhate the| mahAbhArata, viSNudharmasUtra tathA vAmanavarNana hai / yaha loka guhyakaloka ke Upara aura vidyAdhara- purANa (22.20) meM gayazira nAma ke sthala ko brahmA kI loka ke nIce hai| pUrvI vedI mAnA gayA hai aura bauddha granthoM meM bhI yaha nAma gandharvaveda-zaunaka ke caraNavyUha ke anusAra sAmaveda kA ___ gayA ke pramukha sthala ke lie AyA hai / azvaghoSa ke buddhaupaveda gandharvaveda hai| de0 'upaveda' / gandharvasambandhita carita se prakaTa hai ki mahAtmA buddha eka rAjarSi ke Azrama saGgItarUpa kalA athavA vidyA jisase jAnI jAya vaha (gayA) meM gaye aura vahA~ unhoMne nayaraMjanA (niraMjanA) nadI

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garIbadAsa-ruDa 227 ke taTa para apanA nivAsasthAna banAyA / vahA~ yaha bhI jAtA hai aura phalgu nadI meM snAna karake unakA tarpaNa karatA batAyA gayA hai ki buddhagayA meM ve kazyapa RSi ke urubilva hai| isa sandarbha meM gayA ke gadAdhara (viSNu) aura gayazira nAmaka Azrama meM gaye the, jahA~ unheM sambodhi kI prApti ____ kA darzana usake lie Avazyaka hai| likhitasmRti ke huii| viSNudharmasUtra (85.40) ke anusAra viSNupada gayA anusAra yadi koI bhI kisI vyakti ke nAma se gayazira meM hI sthita hai / vaha zrAddha ke lie sabase pavitra sthala hai| meM piNDadAna kare to naraka meM sthita vyakti svarga ko aura isI prakAra usase yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki 'samArohaNa' svargasthita vyakti mokSa prApta karatA hai| kUrmapurANa meM nAma kA bhI koI sthala gayA meM phalgu nadI ke taTa para yukti to yaha hai ki manuSya ko kaI saMtAnoM kI kAmanA sthita hai| karanI cAhie jisase unameM se yadi koI eka bhI gayA ___ anuzAsanaparva meM azmapRSTha (pretazilA), niravinda parvata jAkara zrAddha kare to pitaroM ko mukti mila jAyegI aura tathA krauJcapadI tInoM ko gayA kA pavitra sthala mAnA gayA vaha svayaM mokSa ko prApta hogaa| matsyapurANa (22. 4. 6) hai, kintu vanaparNa meM inakA ullekha nahIM hai| phira bhI meM gayA ko pitRtIrtha kahA gayA hai| inako vanaparva meM varNita viSNupada, gayazira tathA samAro- gayAmAhAtmya-vAyupurANa meM gayAmAhAtmya kA vistArapUrvaka haNa sthaloM se atirikta samajhanA caahie| azmapRSTha meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake antima ATha adhyAya gayApahalI brahmahatyA kA aparAdhI zuddha ho jAtA hai, niravinda ___ mAhAtmya para hI haiN| yaha alaga grantha ke rUpa meM bhI para dUsarI kA tathA krauJcapadI para tIsarI brahmahatyA kA prasiddha hai, jo vAyupurANa se hI liyA gayA hai| de0 aparAdhI bhI bizuddha ho jAtA hai| 'gyaa'| DA. kIlahAna ke anusAra rAjakumAra yakSapAla ne bhaga- garIbadAsa-ye mahAtmA (1717-82 I0) chIr3AnI yA vAn maulAditya tathA anya devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke lie curanI (rohataka jilA) gA~va meM rahate the / inake 'gurugrantha' mandira bnvaaye| vahIM eka uttaramAnasa nAmaka puSkara athavA meM 24,000 paMktiyA~ hai| inakA sampradAya Aja bhI pracajhIla kA bhI nirmANa karAyA / usane gayA ke akSayavaTa ke lita hai, kintu inakA eka hI maTha hai tathA sAdhAraNa janatA pAsa eka satra (bhojanAlaya) bhI banavAyA thA / DA0 veNI- inakI ziSyatA yA sadasyatA nahI prApta kara sakatI / inake mAdhava baruA ke anusAra pAlazAsaka nayapAla ke abhilekhoM sAdhu kevala dvija hI ho sakate haiN| inake matAvalambiyoM se yaha patA calatA hai ki uttara mAnasa kA nirmANa 1040 ko garIbadAsI kahate haiN| nirguNa-nirAkAra-upAsaka yaha I0 ke AsapAsa huA thaa| isa prakAra anumAnataH gayA kA paMtha bhI aneka paMthoM kI taraha kabIrapaMtha se prabhAvita hai| mAhAtmya 11vIM zatAbdI ke bAda hI adhika bar3hA hogaa| garuDa-eka purAkalpita pakSI, jisakA AdhA zarIra pakSI kintu vAyupurANa (77.108) se lagatA hai ki uttaramAnasa aura AdhA manuSya kA hai| purANakathAoM meM garuDa viSNu kA nirmANa 8vIM yA 9vIM zatAbdI taka avazya ho gayA ke vAhana ke rUpa meM varNita hai / viSNu sUrya ke hI sarvavyApI hogA / vastutaH gayA kA mAhAtmya kaba se bar3hA yaha vivA- rUpa haiM jo ananta AkAza kA tIvratA se cakkara lagAte dAspada prazna hai| mahAbhArata aura smRtiyA~ bhinna-bhinna mata- haiN| isalie inake lie eka zaktimAn aura drutagAmI matAntaroM se yukta hai / vanaparna (87) meM yaha ullekha hai ki vAhana kI AvazyakatA thii| viSNa ke vAhana ke rUpa meM ATha putroM meM se yadi koI eka bhI gayA jAkara pitRpiNDa garuDa kI kalpanA isI kA pratIka hai| isa sambandha meM yajJa kare to pitara loga pratiSThita aura kRtajJa hote haiN| ullekha karanA anucita na hogA ki svayaM sUrya kA sArathi usameM Age yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki phalgu nAmaka pavitra aruNa (lAlimA) hai, jo garuDa kA agraja hai| nadI, gayazira parvata tathA akSayavaTa aise sthala haiM jahA~ paurANika kathAoM ke anusAra garuDa dakSakanyA vinatA pitaroM ko piNDa diyA jAtA hai| gayA meM pUrvajoM yA pitaroM aura kazyapa ke putra haiM, isIlie 'vainateya' kahalAte haiM / kA zrAddha karane se pitRgaNa prasanna hote haiN| phalataH usa vyakti vinatA kA apanI sapatnI kadrU se vaira thA, jo sapo kI ko bhI jIvana meM sukha milatA hai / avismRti (55.58) mAtA hai / ataH garuDa bhI so ke zatra haiN| garuDa janma se ke anusAra putra apane pitaroM ke hita ke lie hI gayA hI itane tejasvI the ki devatAoM ne unakA agni

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228 garuDAgraja-garbhAdhAna samajha kara pUjana prArambha kara diyaa| inakA sira, pakSa loka, yamayAtanA, naraka Adi vizeSa rUpa se varNita hai / aura coMca to pakSI ke haiM aura zeSa zarIra mAnava kA / triveNIstotra, paJcaparvamAhAtmya, viSNudharmottara, veGkaTainakA sira zveta, pakSa lAla aura zarIra svarNa varNa kA girimAhAtmya, zrIraGgamAhAtmya, * sundarapuramAhAtmya hai / inakI patnI unnati athavA vinAyakA hai| inake putra ityAdi aneka choTe grantha garuDapurANa se uddhRta batAye kA nAma sampAti hai / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki apanI mAtA jAte haiN| vinatA ko kadra kI adhInatA se mukta karane ke lie garuDa ne devatAoM se amata lekara apanI vimAtA ko dene garuDastambha-zrIraGgam zailI ke viSNumandiroM meM sabhAmaNDapa kA prayatna kiyA thaa| indra ko isakA patA laga gyaa| ke bAhara aura bhagavAn kI dRSTi ke sammukha eka U~cA stambha donoM meM yuddha huaa| indra ko amRta to mila gayA, kintu banAyA jAtA hai| nIce kaI koNoM kA usakA vapra aura yuddha meM usakA vajra TaTa gayA / garuDa ke aneka nAma hai, nasenI jaisA zikhara hotA hai / stambhakASTha para dhAtu (prAyaH yathA kAzyapi ( pitA se ), vainateya ( mAtA se ), suparNa, sone) kA patra car3hA rahatA hai| isa para garuDa kA AvAsa garutmAn Adi / mAnA jAtA hai / heliyoDorasa nAmaka yanAnI kSatrapa dvArA garuDAgraja-garuDa ke bar3e bhAI aruNa / mahAbhArata (1.31. IsApUrva prathama zatI meM sthApita besanagara kA garuDastambha 24-34) meM aruNa ke garuDAgraja hone kI kathA dI haI hai| itihAsa meM bahuta vikhyAta hai| garuDopaniSad-eka atharvavedIya upaniSad / isameM viSa garga-eka RSi kA nAma, jinakA ullekha kisI bhI saMhitA nivAraNa kI dhArmika vidhi hai| meM nahIM pAyA jAtA kintu unake vaMzajoM 'gargAH prAvareyAH' garuDapaJcazatI-vedAntAcArya veGkaTanAtha dvArA tirupA- kA kAThaka saMhitA meM ullekha hai| kAtyAyanasUtra ke bhASyahindrapura meM racita yaha grantha tamila lipi meM likhA kAra ke rUpa meM garga kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / jyotiSa gayA hai| isameM bhagavAn viSNu ke mukhya pArSada yA vAhana sAhitya meM inakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / Age calakara gotra garuDa kI stuti kI gayI hai| RSiyoM meM garga kI gaNanA hone lgii| garuDadhvaja-viSNu kI dhvajA meM garuDa kA cihna yA AvAsa yAdavoM ke purohita rUpa meM bhI gargAcArya prasiddha hai / rahatA hai, isase ve garuDadhvaja kahalAte haiN| garbha-jIva ke saJcita karma ke phaladAtA Izvara ke AdezAnugaruDapurANa-garuDa aura viSNu kA saMvAdarUpa purANa grantha / sAra prakRti dvArA mAtA ke jaTharagahvara meM puruSa ke zukrayoga nAradapurANa ke pUrvAMza ke 108veM adhyAya meM garuDapurANa se garbha sthApita kiyA jAtA hai / garuDapurANa (a0 229) kI viSayasUcI dI gayI hai| matsyapurANa ke anusAra meM garbhasthiti kI prakriyA likhI huI hai| garuDapurANa meM aThAraha hajAra zloka haiM aura revAmAhAtmya, garbhAdhAna-yaha smArta gRhya saMskAroM meM se prathama saMskAra zrImadbhAgavata, nAradapurANa tathA brahmavaivartapurANa ke anusAra hai / dhArmika kriyA ke sAtha puruSa dharmapatnI ke jaTharagahvara yaha saMkhyA unnIsa hajAra hai| jo garuDapurANa hindI meM vIrya sthApita karatA hai jo garbhAdhAna kahA jAtA hai| vizvakozakAra zrI nagendranAtha vasu ko upalabdha haA zaunaka (vIramitrodaya, saMskAraprakAza meM uddhRta) ne isakI thA, usakI unhoMne (pUrvakhaNDa ke do sau taiMtAlIsa adhyAyoM paribhASA isa prakAra dI hai : / kI aura uttarakhaNDa kI paiMtAlIsa adhyAyoM kI sUcI dI niSikto yatprayogeNa garbhaH saMdhAryate striyA / hai / yaha sUcI nAradIya purANa ke lakSaNoM se milatI hai tadgarbhAlambhanaM nAma karma proktaM manISibhiH / / parantu zlokasaMkhyA meM nyUnatA hai| garbhAdhAna ke lie upayukta samaya patnI ke RtusnAna yaha purANa hinduoM meM bahuta lokapriya hai, vizeSakara kI cauthI rAtri se lekara solahavIM rAtri taka hai (manusmRti, antyeSTi ke sambandha meM isake eka bhAga ko puNyaprada samajhA 3.2, yAjJavalkyasmRti, 1.79) / uttarottara rAtriyA~ rajajAtA hai / isa purANa bhAga kA zravaNa zrAddhakarma kA eka aGga srAva se dUra hone ke kAraNa adhika pavitra mAnI jAtI mAnA jAtA hai / isameM pretakarma, pretayoni, pretathAddha, yama- haiN| garbhAdhAna rAtri meM honA cAhie, vaha dina meM niSiddha

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229 gabhiNIdharma-gavAyurveda hai (aashvlaaynsmRti)| eka AtharvaNika zruti meM niSedha kA yaha kAraNa diyA huA hai : nAtave divA maithanamarjayet / alpabhAgyA alpavIryAzca divA prasUyante'lpAyuSazca / [RtukAla aura dina meM strIsaMga nahIM karanA caahie| isase alpabhAgya, alpavIrya aura alpAyu bAlaka utpanna hote haiM / garbhAdhAna kI rAtrisaMkhyA ke anusAra santati kA liGga nizcita mAnA jAtA hai (manusmRti, 2.48) / parantu manusmRti (3.49) ke anusAra santati ke liGga meM mAtA- pitA ke rakta-vIrya kA Adhikya bhI kAraNa hotA hai / mAsa kI tithiyoM meM 8,14,15,30 aura sampUrNa parva garbhAdhAna ke lie niSiddha hai / garbhAdhAna saMskAra pati hI kara sakatA hai| prAcIna kAla meM pati ke abhAva athavA asamarthatA meM devara athavA niyogaprathA ke anusAra koI niyukta vyakti bhI aisA kara sakatA thA (de0 'niyog')| parantu kaliyuga meM niyoga vajita hai| garbhAdhAna tabhI taka anivArya hai jaba taka putra na utpanna ho; isake pazcAt garbhAdhAna meM vikalpa hai : RtukAlAbhigAmI syAdyAvatputro'bhijAyate / jyeSThena jAtamAtreNa putrI bhavati mAnavaH / pitRNAmanRNazcaiva sa tasmAtsarvamarhati / / nizcita mAMgalika dharmakRtya ke pazcAt pati dvArA patnI kA AliGgana karake nimnalikhita mantroM se garbhAdhAna karane kA vidhAna hai : ahamasmi sA tvaM dyaurahaM pRthvI tvaM reto'haM retobhRt tvam / (bau0 gR0 sU01.7.1-18) (yaha maiM huuN| vaha tuma ho / maiM AkAza huuN| tuma pRthvI ho / maiM retas huuN| tuma retas ko dhAraNa karane vAlI ho / ] tAM pUSan zivatamAmerayasva yasyAM bIjaM manuSyA vapanti / yA na UrU uzatI vizu yAti yasyAmuzantaH praharAma zepam / / (Rgveda, 10.85.37) gabhiNIdharma-dharmazAstra meM garbhiNI strI ke vizeSa dharma kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai| padmapurANa (5.7.41-47) tathA matsyapurANa meM kazyapa tathA aditi ke saMvAdarUpa meM gabhiNI ke nimnAMkita kartavya batalAye gaye haiM : garbhiNI kuJjarAzvAdi-zaila-hAdirohaNam / vyAyAma zIghragamanaM zakaTArohaNaM tyajet / / zokaM raktavimokSaJca sAdhvasaM kukkuTAsanam / vyavAyaJca divAsvapnaM rAtrau jAgaraNaM tyajet // [garbhiNI ko hAthI, ghor3e, parvata, aTTAlikA Adi para car3hanA, vyAyAma, zIghragamana, bailagADI-rohaNa kA tyAga karanA caahie| isI prakAra zoka, raktotsarga, zIghratA se kukkuTAsana se baiThanA, adhika zrama, dina meM sonA, rAtri meM jAgaraNa Adi kA tyAga karanA caahie|] __ skandapurANa ( madanaratna meM uddhRta ) ke anusAra : haridrAM kuGkumaJcaiva sindUraM kajjalaM tathA / kUrpAsakaJca tAmbUlaM mAGgalyAbharaNaM zubham // keza saMskArakavarIkarakarNa vibhUSaNam / bharturAyuSyamicchantI varjayed garbhiNI nahi // [haldI, kuMkuma, sindUra, kAjala, kUrpAsa, pAna, suhAgavastu, AbhUSaNa, veNI-kezasaMskAra ko pati kI maMgalakAmanA ke lie patnI avazya dhAraNa kare / ] garbhiNIdharma ke sAtha-sAtha garbhiNIpati ke dharma kA bhI vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai : vapanaM maithunaM tIrthaM varjayed garbhiNIpatiH / zrAddhaJca saptamAnmAsAdUrdhvaM cAnyatra vedavit // kSauraM zavAnugamanaM nakhakRntanaJca yuddhaM ca vAstukaraNaM tvatidUrayAnam / udvAhamambudhijalaM spRzanopayogam AyuHkSayo bhavati bhiNikApatInAm / / (kalividhAna) | maNDana, saMbhoga, yAtrA, zrAddhakarma garbha ke sAtaveM mahIne se na karanA caahie| kSaura, zmazAna jAnA, nakha keza kATanA, yuddha, nirmANa, dUrayAtrA, vivAha, samudrayAtrA-inheM bhI nahIM karanA zreyaskara hai| gavAkSatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM ullikhita causaTha tantroM kI sUcI meM 'gavAkSatantra' kA 46vAM sthAna hai| gavAyurveda-Ayurveda ke kaI vibhAgoM meM gavAyurveda bhI eka hai| yaha gAyoM kI cikitsA ke sambandha meM hai| gAya kA AdhAra lekara prAyaH sabhI pAlatU pazuoM kI cikitsA kA vijJAna isa zAstra meM prApta hotA hai|

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230 gavAzira - ' gavAzira' kA Rgveda (1.137.1187,9; 2.41.23.32.242.1, 7,752.10101.10 ) meM aneka bAra soma ke paryAya ke rUpa meM varNana huA hai / gahavara (gahvara ) vana - yaha vrajayAtrA ke pramukha sthaloM meM bahuta hI ramaNIka vana hai| zaMkha kA cihna mahAprabhu valla bhAcArya kI baiThaka, dAnaghATI tathA gAya Adi yahA~ ke mukhya darzanIya sthAna haiN| yahAM jayapura ke mahArAja mAdhavasiMha kA banavAyA huA vizAla evaM bhavya mandira hai / isameM patthara kI zilpakalA dekhane yogya hai / gahinInAtha - nAtha sampradAya ke nau nAtha prasiddha haiM / gahinI - nAtha inameM caturtha haiN| ke stanoM kA cihna / gAjIdAsa - nirguNadhArA ke sudhAraka panthoM meM satanAmI pantha ullekhanIya hai / isa pantha kA prArambha kisane kaba kiyA, isakA ThIka patA nahIM hai| isake punaruddhArakoM meM mahAtmA jagajIvana dAsa ( saM0 1800 ), unake ziSya dUlanadAsa tathA kucha kAla pIche gAjIdAsa hue gAjIdAsa chattIsagar3ha ke camAra jAti ke the| Aja se lagabhaga sau savA sau varSa pahale inhoMne isa pantha kI punarracanA kI / gAjIdAsa ne camAra jAti ke sAmAjika sudhAra ke lie chattIsagar3ha prAnta ke camAroM meM isakA pracAra kiyA / de0 ' satanAmI sampradAya' / gANapatya - DaoN0 bhaNDArakara ne apane grantha ( vaiSNaviSma, zaivijma eNDa adara mAinara sekTsa oNva iNDiyA ) meM isa mata ke prArambhika vikAsa para acchA prakAza DAlA hai| isa sampradAya kA udaya chaThI zatAbdI meM huA kahA jAtA hai, kintu yaha tithi anizcita hI hai / gaNapati deva kI pUjA ( stuti ) kA ullekha yAjJavalkyasmRti, mAlatImAdhava tathA 8vIM va 9vIM zatI ke abhilekhoM meM prApta hotA hai| kintu isa mata kA darzana 'varavatApanIya' athavA 'gaNapatitApanIya' upaniSadoM meM prathama upalabdha hotA hai / gaNeza ko ananta brahma kahA gayA hai| tathA unake sammAna meM eka rAjasI mantra nRsiMhatApanIya upa0 meM diyA gayA hai| isa mata kI dUsarI upaniSad gaNapati-upaniSad hai, jo smArto ke atharvaziras kA eka bhAga hai| vaiSNava saMhitAoM kI tAlikA meM gaNezasaMhitA kA ullekha hai jo isI sampradAya se sambandhita hai| agni tathA garuDa purANoM meM isa deva kI pUjA ke gavAziragAtrahariyA nirdeza prApta haiM, jo isa sampradAya se sambandhita na hokara bhAgavatoM yA smAtoM kI pajJAyatanapUjA se samba ndhita haiM / IsA kI dazama athavA ekAdaza zatAbdI taka yaha sampradAya prayapti pracalita thA tathA caudahavIM zatI meM avanata hone lagA / isa sampradAya kA mantra 'zrIgaNezAya nama:' hai tathA lalATa para lAla tilaka kA gola cihna isa mata kA pratIka hai / sampradAya kI upaniSadoM ke sivA isa mata kA pratinidhi evaM mahatvapUrNa grantha hai 'gaNezapurANa' jisameM gaNeza kI vibhUtiyoM kA varNana hai aura unake kor3ha vimocana kI carcA hai| isa mata ke dhArmika AcaraNoM ke atirikta gaNeza ke hajAroM nAma isameM ulli khita haiM / rahasyamaya dhyAna se gaNezarUpI sarvotkRSTa brahma ko prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai| sAtha hI mUrtipUjA kI hindU praNAlI bhI yahA~ dI huI haiN| 'mudgalapurANa' bhI eka gANapatya purANa hai / 'zaGkaradigvijaya' meM gANapatya mata ke chaH vibhAga kahe gaye haiM - 1. mahAgaNapati 2 haridrA gaNapati 3. ucchiSTa gaNapati 4. navanIta gaNapati 5. svarNa gaNapati evaM 6 santAna gaNapati / ucchiSTa gaNapati sampradAya kI eka zAkhA heramba gaNapati kI guhya praNAlI ( heramba bauddhoM kI taraha ) kA anusaraNa karatI hai / gANapatya sampradAya kI aneka zAlAe~ hai, inameM se aneka zAkhAe~ mudgalapurANa meM bhI ullikhita haiM tathA unameM se anekoM kA svarUpa dakSiNa bhArata kI mUrtiyoM meM Aja bhI dRSTigocara hotA hai, kintu yaha sampradAya Aja astitvahIna hai / isa sampradAya kA hrAsa hote hue bhI isa devatA kA sthAna Aja bhI laghu devoM meM pradhAnatA prApta kiye hue hai / inakI pUjA Aja bhI vighnavinAzaka evaM siddhidAtA ke rUpa meM pratyeka mAGgalika avasara para sarvaprathama hotI hai / skandapurANa meM inake isI rUpa ( laghu deva ) kA varNana prApta hai / brahmavaivarta purANa ke gaNezakhaNDa meM inake janma tathA gajavadana hone kA varNana hai| de0 'gaNapati' tathA 'gaNeza' / gAtraharidrA - gAvaharidrA kA prayoga hinduoM meM aneka avasaroM para kiyA jAtA hai| bAlikAoM ke rajodarzana

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gAthi- gAndharva ke avasara para brAhmaNa kumAroM ke yajJopavIta ke avasara para tathA vivAha saMskAra ke dina yA eka dina pUrva hI vara tathA kanyA donoM kA gAtraharidrA utsava hotA hai / zarIra para haridrAlepana naye janma athavA jIvana meM kisI krAntikArI parivartana kA pratIka hai / isase zarIra kI kAnti bar3hatI hai / dakSiNa bhArata meM yaha aMgarAga kI taraha pracalita hai| gAdhi - kAnyakubja ke candravaMzI rAjA kuzika ke putra tathA vizvAmitra ke pitA kA nAma mahAbhArata ( 3. 115.19) meM inakA ullekha haiM : kAnyakubje mahAnAsIt pArthivaH sa mahAbalaH / gAdhIti vizruto loke vanavAsaM jagAma ha // [ kAnyakubja ( kannauja ) deza meM gAdhi nAma kA mahAbalI rAjA huA, jo tapasyA ke lie vanavAsI ho gayA yA / ] harivaMza (27.13-16) meM inakI utpatti kI kathA dI huI hai : kuzikastu tapastepe putramindrasamaM vibhuH / labheyamiti taM zakrastrAsAdabhyetya jajJivAn // pUrNa varSasahasre vai taM tu zakro hyapazyata / atyugratapasaM dRSTvA sahasrAkSaH purandaraH // samartha putrajanane svamevAMzamavAsayat / putratve kalpayAmAsa sa devendraH surottamaH // sa gAdhirabhavadrAjA maghavAn kauzikaH svayam paurakutsyabhavadbhAryAM gAdhistasyAmajAyata / X X X pAne ke lie gAdheH kanyA mahAbhAgA nAmnA satyavatI zubhA / tAM gAdhiH kAvyaputrAya RcIkAya dadau prabhuH // [ rAjA kuzika ne indra ke samAna putra tapasyA kI, taba indra svayaM apane aMza se rAjA kA putra banakara gAdhi nAma se utpanna huaa| gAdhi kI kanyA satyavatI thI, jo bhRguvaMza ke RcIka kI patnI huI / ] gAndharvatantra - AgamatattvavilAsa meM uddhRta causaTha tantroM kI sUcI meM gAndharvatantra kA krama 57 hai| isameM Agamika kriyAoM meM gandharvoM ke mahattva tathA unakI saMgIta vidyA kA vivaraNa hai / * gAndharvaveda sAmaveda kA upaveda sAmaveda kI 1000 zAkhAoM meM Ajakala kevala 13 pAyI jAtI haiN| vArSNeya zAkhA kA upaveda gAndharva upaveda ke nAma se prasiddha hai / 231 gAndharva veda ke cAra AcArya prasiddha haiN| somezvara, bharata, hanumAn aura kallinAtha / Ajakala hanumAn kA mata pracalita hai| gAndharvaveda anya upavedoM kI taraha sarvathA vyavahArAtmaka haiN| isalie Adhunika kAla meM isake jo aMza lopa hone se bace hue haiM ve hI pracalita samajhe jAne caahie| sAmaveda kA 'araNyagAna' evaM 'grAmageyagAna' Ajakala pracAra se uTha gayA hai, isalie sAmagAna kI vAstavika vidhi kA lopa ho gayA hai / RSiyoM ke madhya jo vidyA gAndharvaveda kahalAtI thI, vahI sarvasAdhAraNa ke vyavahAra meM Ane para saMgIta vidyA kahalAne lagI / RSiyoM kI vidyA granthoM meM maryAdita hone ke kAraNa aba Adhunika kAla meM sarvasAdhAraNa ko upalabdha nahIM hai| de0 'upaveda' / gAna -- vaidika kAla meM geya mantroM kA saMgraha tathA yAjJika vidhi sambandhI zikSA vizeSa gurukuloM meM huA karatI thii| aise sAmaveda ke gurukula the jahA~ mantroM kA gAna karanA tathA chandoM kA uccAraNa maukhika rUpa meM sikhAyA jAtA thA / jaba lekhana praNAlI kA pracAra huA to aneka svaragranthoM kI, jinheM 'mAna' kahate the, racanA huI isa prakAra gAna kI utpatti sAmaveda se huii| gAna ke do bheda haiM- ( 1 ) mArga aura dezI saMgItadarpaNa (3.6) ke anusAra mArga - dezIvibhAgena saGgItaM dvividhaM smRtam / dRhiNena yadanviSTaM prayuktaM bharatena ca / / mahAdevasya puratastanmArgAMkhyaM vimuktidam // tattaddezasthayA rItyA yatsyAllokAnuraJjanam / deze deze tu saGgItaM taddezItyabhidhIyate / / [ mArga aura dezI bheda se saMgIta do prakAra kA hai| brahmA ne jise nirdhArita kara bharata ko pradAna kiyA aura bharata ne zaMkara ke samakSa prayukta kiyA vaha mArga saMgIta hai / jo vibhinna dezoM ke anusAra lokaraMjana meM lie aneka rItiyoM meM pracalita hai vaha dezI saMgIta hai / ] gAndharva (1) viSNupurANa ke anusAra bhAratavarSa ke nava upadvIpoM meM se eka gAndharvadvIpa bhI hai : bhAratasyAsya varSasya nava bhedAnnibodhata / indradvIpaH kazerumAMstAmraparNI gabhastimAn // nAgadvIpastathA saumyo gAndharvaratvaca vAruNaH / ayantu navamasteSAM dvIpaH sAgarasaMvRtaH / /

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232 [ indra, kazeru, tAmraparNI, gabhastimAn, nAga, saumya, gAndharva, vAruNa tathA bhArata, ye nau dvIpa haiM / ] (2) ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM meM se eka prakAra kA vivAha gAndharva kahalAtA hai| jisa vivAha meM kanyA aura bara paraspara anurAga se eka dUsare ko pati-patnI ke rUpa meM varaNa karate haiM use gAndharva kahate haiN| manusmRti ( 3.32) meM isakA lakSaNa nimnAMkita hai : icchayAyonyasaMyogaH kanyAyAzca varasya ca / gAndharvaH sa tu vijJeyo maithunyaH kAmasambhavaH // [ jisameM kanyA aura vara kI icchA se paraspara saMyoga hotA hai aura jo maithumya aura kAmasambhava hai use gAndharva jAnanA caahie| ] de0 'vivAha' | gAyatrI - RgvedIya kAla meM sUryopAsanA aneka rUpoM meM hotI thI / sabhI dvijoM kI prAtaH evaM sandhyA kAla kI prArthanA meM gAyatrI mantra ko sthAna prApta honA sUryopAsanA ko nizcita karatA hai / 'gAyatrI' Rgveda meM eka chanda kA nAma hai| sAvitra ( savitA athavA sUrya-sambandhI) mantra isI chanda meM upalabdha hotA hai (Rgveda, 3.62.10 ) / gAyatrI kA artha hai 'gAyantaM trAyate iti / ' 'gAne vAle kI rakSA karane vAlI / ' pUrA mantra hai -bhUH / bhuvaH / svaH / tatsaviturvareNyaM bhargo devasya dhImahi dhiyo yo naH pracodayAt [ hama savitA deva ke varaNIya prakAza ko dhAraNa karate haiM / vaha hamArI buddhi ko prerita kare / ] gAyatrI kA eka nAma 'sAvitrI' bhI hai| upanayanasaMskAra ke avasara para AcArya gAyatrI athavA sAvitrI mantra upanIta brahmacArI ko pradAna karatA hai / sandhyopAsanA meM isa mantra kA japa tathA manana anivArya mAnA gayA hai / jo aisA nahIM karate ve 'sAvitrIpatita' samajhe jAte haiM / gAyatrI tripadA, chandoyuktA, mantrAtmikA aura vedamAtA kahI gayI hai| manusmRti (2.77-78 81-83) meM isakA mahattva batalAyA gayA hai / padmapurANa meM gAyatrI ko brahmA kI patnI kahA gayA hai| yaha pada gAyatrI ko kaise prApta huA, isakI kathA vistAra se dI huI hai / isakA dhyAna isa prakAra batAyA gayA hai : zvetA tvaM zvetarUpAsi zazAGkena samA matA / vibhratI vipulAvUrU kadalIgarbhakomalI // gAyatrI-gArhapatya zRGgaM kare gRhya paGkajaM ca sunirmalam / vasAnA basane kSaume raktaM cAdbhutadarzane // gAyatrIvrata - zukla pakSa kI caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM sUryapUjana kA vidhAna hai| gAyatrI (Rgveda 3.62.10) kA japa zata bAra, sahasrabAra dasa sahasa bAra karane se aneka rogoM kA nAza hotA hai| de0 hemAdri, 2.62-63 (garuDapurANa se uddhRta ) / isa grantha meM gAyatrI kI prazaMsA tathA pavitratA ke viSaya meM bahuta kucha kahA gayA hai| gArgyagukla yajurveda ke prAtizAkhyasUtra (kAlpAvana kRta) tathA kAtyAyana ke hI vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya meM gAyaM kA nAma AyA hai| paravartI kAla meM eka pAzupata AcArya ke rUpa meM bhI inakA ullekha hai / citraprazasti meM kahA gayA hai ki ziva ne kArohaNa (lATa deza) meM avatAra liyA tathA pAzupata mata ke ThIka-ThIka pAlanArtha unake cAra ziSya hue - kuzika, gArgya, kauruSya evaM maitreya / pANinisUtroM meM prAcIna vyAkaraNa-AcArya ke rUpa meM bhI gArgya kA ullekha huA hai / gArhapatya - eka yajJiya agni / bhAratIya itihAsa ke prArambhika kAla meM devatAoM kI pUjA pratyeka Arya apane gRha meM sthApita agnisthAna meM karatA thaa| gRhastha kA kartavya hotA thA ki vaha yajJavedI meM prathama agni kI sthApanA kare / isa utsava ko 'agnyAdhAna' kahate the| aise avasara para gRhastha cAra purohitoM ke sAtha 'gArhapatya' tathA 'AhabanIya' agniyoM ke lie yajJavediyoM kA nirmANa karatA thaa| gArhapatya agni ke lie vRttAkAra AhavanIya agni ke lie vargAkAra tathA 'dakSiNAgni' ke lie arddha vRttAkAra ( yadi isakI bhI AvazyakatA huI) sthAna nirmita hotA thaa| taba adhvaryu gharSaNa dvArA yA gA~va se asthAyI agni prApta karatA thA tathA 'gArhapatya agni' kI sthApanA karatA thA gArhapatya kA AvAhana nimnAMkita vaidika mantra se kiyA jAtA thA : , iha priyaM prajayA me samRdhyatAm asmin gRhe gArhapatyAya jAgRhi / (Rgveda 10.85.27) manusmRti meM pitA ko bhI gArhapatya agnirUpa mAnA gayA hai : pitA gArhapatyo'gnirmAtAgnirdakSiNaH smRtaH / ( 3.331 )

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gAlava-gItagovinda [pitA gArhapatya agni aura mAtA dakSiNAgni kahe giritanayAvata-isa vrata kA anuSThAna bhAdrapada, vaizAkha gaye haiN|] athavA mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA ko hotA hai| eka varSa gAlava-aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM jina pUrvavartI vaiyAkaraNoM paryanta isameM gaurI athavA lalitA kA pUjana honA kA nAma AyA hai, gAlava unameM eka hai / RSiyoM(7.1.74) cAhie / dvAdaza mAsoM meM gaurI ke bhinna bhinna nAmoM kA kI sUcI meM bhI gAlava kI gaNanA hai| smaraNa karate hue bhinna-bhinna puSpoM se pUjA karanI caahie| giranAra (girinagara)-saurASTra (pazcima bhArata ) kA giridhara-(1) zrIkRSNa kA eka paryAya / govardhana parvata eka prasiddha tIrtha sthAna / prAcIna kAla se yaha yogiyoM (giri ) dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa unakA yaha nAma pdd'aa| aura sAdhakoM ko AkRSTa karatA rahA hai| kAThiyAvAr3a (2) eka vaiSNava santa kavi kA nAma bhI giradhara hai / kA prAcIna nagara jUnAgar3ha giranAra kI upatyakA meM basA marAThA bhaktoM ne mAnabhAU logoM kI sarvadA upekSA kI hai| huA hai / nagara kA eka dvAra giranAradaravAjA kahalAtA mAnabhAU bhI marAThI bhASAbhASI eka prakAra ke pAzcarAtra hai / dvAra ke bAhara eka ora bAghezvarI devI kA mandira vaiSNava hai| jina-jina marAThI lekhakoM tathA kaviyoM kI hai| vahI vAmanezvara zivamandira bhI hai| yahA~ azoka racanAoM se yaha upekSA kA bhAva parilakSita hotA hai, kA zilAlekha lagA huA hai| Age mucakunda mahAdeva kA unameM giridhara, ekanAtha Adi haiN| sambhavataH apanI paramandira hai| ye sthAna pahAr3a ke dAtAra zikhara ke nIce mparAvAdI smAta pravRttiyoM ke kAraNa hI ye mAnabhAU kI ora haiN| yahA~ para kaI devAlaya bane hue haiM / mahAprabhu santoM kI upekSA karate the| vallabhAcArya ke vaMzajoM kI havelI (AvAsa) bhI hai| giriSarajI-vallabhAcArya ke puSTimArgIya sAhitya meM prAcIna kAla meM yaha parvata 'Urjayanta' athavA 'ujja- 'zaddhAdvaitamArtaNDa' kA viziSTa sthAna hai| isake racayitA yanta' kahalAtA thA (de0 skandagupta kA giranAra abhi- giridharajI 1600 I0 ke AsapAsa hae the| ye apane lekha) / isa parvata kI eka pahAr3I para dattAtreya kI pAdukA samaya meM vallabhIya anuyAyiyoM ke adhyakSa the| nAbhAjI ke cihna bane hue haiN| azoka ke zilAlekha se prakaTa hai evaM tulasIdAsa bhI inake samasAmayika the / ki tRtIya zatI I0 pU0 meM yaha tIrtha rUpa meM prasiddha ho cukA girinagara-de0 giranAra / thaa| rudradAmA ke jUnAgar3ha abhilekha ke prArambha meM hI giriziSyaparamparA-zaGkarAcArya ke cAra pradhAna ziSyoM meM isakA ullekha hai ( epigrAgiyA iNDikA, jilda 8, pR0 se surezvarAcArya ( maNDana ) pramukha the tathA una cAroM 36-42 ) vastrApatha kSetra kA yaha kendra mAnA jAtA thA ke dasa ziSya the, jo 'dasanAmI' ke nAma se prasiddha haiM / ye (skandapurANa, 2.2.1-3) / yahA~ suvarNarekhA nAmaka cAra garuoM ke nAma para cAra maThoM meM ba~Takara rahane lge| pavitra nadI bahatI hai| surezvara ke tIna ziSya-giri, parvata aura sAgara jyotigiri-(1) giri athavA parvata hindU dharma meM pUjanIya mAne rmaTha ( jozImaTha ) ke antargata the / isa prakAra giri-ziSyagaye haiN| pUjA kA AdhAra dhAraNazakti athavA gurutva hai paramparA jozI maTha meM surakSita haiN| ( girati dhArayati pRthvI, griyate stUyate gurutvaadvaa)| gItagovinda-zRMgAra rasa pradhAna saMskRta kA gItakAvya / parvatoM meM kulaparvata vizeSa pUjanIya hai : isake racayitA lakSmaNasena ke rAjakavi jayadeva the| isameM meru mandara kailAsa malayA gandhamAdanaH / rAdhA-kRSNa ke vihAra kA lalita varNana hai / mahendraH zrIparvatazca hemakUTastathaiva ca / rAdhA kA nAma sarvaprathama 'gopAlatApinI upaniSad' aSTAvete tu sampUjyA girayaH pUrvadikkramAt / / meM AtA hai| rAdhApUjaka sampradAyoM dvArA yaha grantha ati sammAnita hai| jina sampradAyoM meM rAdhA kI ArAdhanA mahendro malayaH sahya sAnuyAnakSaparvataH / hotI hai unameM viSNusvAmI evaM nimbArkoM kA nAma vindhyazca pAriyAtrazca saptaite kulaparvatAH / / prathama AtA hai| rAdhA kI pUjA evaM gItoM dvArA prazaMsA girijA-giri ( parvata ) himAlaya athavA himAlayAdhi- uttara bhArata meM mAdhvakAla ke pUrva pracalita thI, kyoMki SThita devatA se janmI haI pArvatI / de0 'umA', 'paarvtii'| jayadevaracita gItAgovinda bArahavIM zatI ke anta kI x

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234 gItA-guNa racanA hai| baMgAla meM jayadeva ko nimbArka matAvalambI samanvita / ekAntavAdI sampradAyoM ne ina tIna vidyAoM kahate haiM, kintu gItagovinda kI rAdhA preyasI haiM, patnI ko vaikalpika mAna liyaa| isase jIvana ekAGgI ho nahIM, jabaki nimbArkoM ke matAnusAra rAdhA kRSNa kI gayA / bhagavAn kRSNa ne tInoM ke samanvayamArga kI punaH patnI haiN| pratiSThA kii| gItA-de0 'shriimdbhgvdgiitaa'| mahAbhArata ke bhISma- gItAbhASya-gItAbhASya grantha kaI AcAryoM dvArA race gaye parva meM yaha pAyI jAtI hai| mahAbhAratayuddha ke pUrva arjuna haiN| ve AcArya haiM-zaGkara, rAmAnuja, madhva, kezava kA vyAmoha dUra karane ke lie kRSNa ne isakA upadeza kAzmIrI, baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa Adi / ina bhASyoM meM kiyA thaa| isameM karma, upAsanA aura jJAna kA samuccaya sAmpradAyika darzana evaM dharma kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| hai / nIlakaNTha ne apanI TIkA meM isake viSaya meM kahA hai : gItArthasaMgraha-zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke yAmanAcArya dvArA bhArate sarvavedArtho bhAratArthaJca kRtsnazaH / racita saMskRta grantha 'gItArthasaMgraha' bhagavadgItA kI vyAkhyA gItAyAmasti teneyaM sarvazAstramayI matA // upasthita karatA hai / isameM viziSTAdvaita darzana kA pratipAdana iyamaSTAdazAdhyAyI kramAt SaTkatrayeNa hi / kiyA gayA hai| karmopAstijJAnakANDa-tritayAtmA nigadyate / gItArthasaMgraharakSA-AcArya veGkaTanAtha ne tamila meM lagabhaga madhusUdana sarasvatI ne apanI TIkA gItAgUDhArthadIpikA 108 graMthoM kI racanA hai| 'gItArthasaMgraharakSA' unameM se meM gItA ke uddezya kA vizada vivecana kiyA hai : eka hai| isameM bhagavadbhakti kUTa-kUTa kara bharI hai| janatA sahetukasya saMsArasyAtyantoparamAtmakam / meM yaha bahuta priya hai| paraM niHzreyasaM gItAzAstrasyoktaM prayojanam // Adi gItAvalI (1)-caitanya sampradAya ke AcAryoM meM sanAtana bhagavadgItA ke atirikta aura bhI gItAe~ haiM, jaise gosvAmI pramukha haiN| unhIM kI yaha padyamayI racanA hai| bhAgabatapurANa meM gopIgItA, adhyAtmarAmAyaNa meM rAma- zlokoM meM bhagavAn kRSNa kA caritra varNita hai / gItA, Azvamedhika parva meM brAhmaNagItA, anugItA, devI gItAvalI (2)-rAma bhakti sambandhI sAhityabhaMDAra meM bhAgavata meM bhagavatIgItA Adi / aneka AcAryoM ne gItA para sAmpradAyika TIkAe~ gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kA pramukha yogadAna hai| gItAvalI meM tulasIdAsa ne rAmakathA ko gItoM meM kahA hai| isake gIta tathA bhASya likhe haiN| inameM zAGkarabhASya bahuta prasiddha geya to haiM hI, sAhityika dRSTi se bar3e uccakoTi ke haiM / hai| yaha advaitavAdI tathA nivRttimArgI bhASya hai| Adhu gItAvivRta-madhvamatAvalanbI zrI rAdhavendra svAmIkRta eka nika TIkAkAroM tathA nibandhakAroM meM lokamAnya tilaka grnth| isakI bhASA sarala hai, racanA 17vIM zatAbdI kI hai| kA 'gItArahasya', zrI aravinda kA 'eseja oNna dI gItA' tathA mahAtmA gAndhI kA 'anAsaktiyoga' ulle gItAsAra-bhagavAn kRSNa ne arjuna ko jo upadeza kiyA hai khanIya haiN| vaha garuDa purANa (adhyAya 233) meM 'gItAsAra' ke nAma se gItAtAtparyanirNaya-gItA para svAmI madhvAcAryaracita eka prasiddha hai / mokSa ke lie samasta yoga, jJAna Adi ke pratinibandha grantha / isameM dvaitavAdI darzana tathA kRSNa bhakti kA pAdaka zAstroM kA sAra isameM saMkSepa se saMgRhIta hai| pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| guTakA-kabIrapaMthI sampradAya kI yaha prArthanA pustikA hai / gItAdharma-bhagavAn kRSNa ne arjuna ko rAjayoga kA upa- kabIra ke anuyAyI nitya pATha meM isakA upayoga karate haiN| deza karake bhAgavata dharma kA punarArambha kiyaa| isakA guDatRtIyA-isa vrata kA anuSThAna bhAdra zukla tRtIyA ko tAtparya yaha hai ki gItAdharma sRSTi ke Arambha se calA A hotA hai| pArvatI isakI devatA haiN| puSpoM ko gur3a athavA rahA thaa| bIca meM usakA lopa ho jAne para zrI kRSNa pAyasa (khIra) ke sAtha bhagavatI ko samarpaNa karanA caahie| dvArA usakA punarArambha huaa| gItAdharma adhyAtma para gaNa-vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra padArtha chaH hai-dravya, guNa, AdhArita samuccayavAdI dharma thaa| manuSya kI mukti kA karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa aura samavAya / abhAva bhI eka mArga trividha mAnA jAtA thA-jJAna, karma aura bhakti padArtha kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra padArtha sAta hue|

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guNaratnakoSa-guru 235 dravyAzrayI (dravya meM rahane vAlA), karma se bhinna aura aniruddha ko dvArakA se uThA lAyI thI / guptakAzI meM nandI sattAvAn jo ho, vaha guNa hai / guNa ke caubIsa bheda hai : para ArUDha, ardhanArIzvara ziva kI sundara mUrti hai| eka kuMDa 1. rUpa 2. rasa 3. gandha 4. sparza 5. saMkhyA meM do dhArAe~ giratI hai, jinheM gaGgA-yamunA kahate haiN| 6. parimANa 7. pRthaktva 8. saMyoga 9. vibhAga yahA~ yAtrI snAna karake gapta dAna karate haiN| 10. paratva 11. aparatva 12. buddhi 13. sukha / guptaprayAga-uttarAkhaMDa kA eka prasiddha tIrthasthala / yaha hara14. duHkha 15. icchA 16. dveSa 17. yatna 18. sila (hariprayAga) se do mIla kI dUrI para sthita hai| gurutva 19. dravatva 20. sneha 21. saMskAra 22. jhAlA se Adha mIla para zyAmaprayAga ( zyAma gaGgA aura dharma 23. adharma aura 24. zabda / de0 bhASApariccheda / bhAgIrathI kA saMgama ) hai| yahA~ se do mIla para gupta__ zAkta matAnusAra prAthamika sRSTi kI prathama avasthA meM prayAga hai| zakti kA jAgaraNa do rUpoM meM hotA hai, kriyA evaM bhUti guptagodAvarI-citrakUTa ke antargata anasUyAjI se chaH mIla tathA usake Azrita chaH guNoM kA prakaTIkaraNa hotA hai / ve tathA bAbUpura se do mIla kI dUrI para gupta godAvarI hai / guNa hai-jJAna, zakti, pratibhA, bala, pauruSa evaM teja / ye eka a~dherI guphA meM 15-16 gaja bhItara sItAkuNDa hai| ra vAsudeva ke prathama vyUha tathA unakI zakti isameM sadA jharane se jala giratA rahatA hai| yAtrI isameM lakSmI kA nirmANa karate haiN| chaH guNoMmeM yugmoM ke badalakara snAna karake godAvarI ke snAnapuNya kA anubhava karate haiN| saMkarSaNa, pradyumna evaM aniruddha ( dvitIya, tRtIya evaM caturtha guptAraghATa-eka vaiSNava tIrtha / zuddha nAma 'gopratAratIrtha' / vyUha ) evaM unakI zaktiyoM kA janma hotA hai aadi| ayodhyA se nau mIla pazcima sarayUtaTa para hai / phaijAbAda sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra guNa prakRti ke ghaTaka haiN| inakI chA~vanI hokara yahA~ sar3aka jAtI hai| yahA~ sarayUsnAna kA saMkhyA tIna haiN| sattva kA artha prakAza athavA jJAna, raja kA bahata mAhAtmya mAnA jAtA hai / ghATa ke pAsa gupta hari kA artha gati athavA kriyA aura tama kA artha andhakAra athavA mandira hai| jaDatA hai / jisa prakAra tIna dhAgoM se rassI ba~TI jAtI hai guradAsa-eka madhya kAlIna santa kA nAma / sudhAravAdI usI prakAra sArI sRSTi tIna guNoM se ghaTita hai| de0 sAMkhya- sAhityamAlA meM 16vIM zatI ke anta meM bhAI guradAsa ne kaarikaa| eka aura puSpa piroyA, jisakA nAma hai 'bhAI guradAsa kI vaar'| isa grantha kA AMzika aMgrejI anuvAda mekAlipha guNaratnakoSa-AcArya rAmAnujaracita yaha eka grantha hai / / ne kiyA hai| guNAvAptivrata-yaha phAlguna zukla pratipadA ko prArambha hotA , guru-guru usako kahate haiM jo veda-zAstroM kA gRNana (upadeza) hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna honA cAhie / ziva karatA hai athavA stuta hotA hai (gRNAti upadizati vedatathA kramazaH cAra dinoM taka Aditya, agni, varuNa aura zAstrANi 'yadvA gIryate stUyate shissyvrgH)| manusmRti candradeva kI (ziva rUpa meM) pUjA honI cAhie / prathama do (2.142) meM guru kI paribhASA nimnAMkita hai : / rudra rUpa meM tathA antima do kalyANakArI zaGkara rUpa meN| niSekAdIni karmANi yaH karoti yathAvidhi / acita hone caahie| ina dinoM pavitra dravyoM se yukta jala sambhAvayati cAnnena sa vipro gururucyate / se snAna karanA cAhie / cAroM dina gehU~, tila tathA yavAdi | jo vipra niSeka (garbhAdhAna) Adi saMskAroM ko yathA dhAnyoM se homa kA vidhAna hai| AhAra rUpa meM kevala dugdha / vidhi karatA hai aura anna se poSaNa karatA hai vaha guru grahaNa karanA caahie| de0 viSNudharmottara purANa, 3.137. kahalAtA hai / ] isa paribhASA se pitA prathama guru hai, 1-13 (hemAdri, 2.499-500 meM uddhRt)| tatpazcAt purohita, zikSaka Adi / mantradAtA ko bhI guptakAzI-uttarAkhaMDa meM rudraprayAga se 21 mIla kI dUrI guru kahate haiN| gurutva ke lie varjita puruSoM kI sUcI para sthita / pUrvakAla meM RSiyoM ne bhagavAn zaGkara kI ___kAlikApurANa (adhyAya 54) meM isa pakAra dI huI hai : prApti ke lie yahA~ tapa kiyA thA / kahate haiM bANAsura kI abhizaptamaputraJca sannaddhaM kitavaM tathA / kanyA USA kA bhavana yahA~ thaa| yahIM USA kI sakhI kriyAhInaM kalpAGgaM vAmanaM gurunindakam / /

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236 sadA matsarasaMyuktaM gurumantreSu varjayet / gururmantrasya mUlaM syAt mUlazaddhI sadA zubham // kUrmapurANa (upavibhAga, adhyAya 11 ) meM guruvarga kI eka lambI sUcI milatI hai : upAdhyAyaH pitA jyeSThabhrAtA caiva mahIpatiH / mAtulaH zvazurastrAtA mAtAmahapitAmahI // bandhurjyeSThaH pitRvyazca puMsyete guravaH smRtAH / mAtAmahI mAtulAnI tathA mAtuzca sodarA // zvazrUH pitAmahI jyeSThA dhAtrI ca guravaH strISu / ityukto guruvargo'yaM mAtRtaH pitRto dvijAH // inakA ziSTAcAra, Adara aura sevA karane kA vidhAna hai / yuktikalpataru meM acche guru ke lakSaNa nimnAMkita kahe gaye haiM : sadAcAraH kuzaladhI: sarvazAstrArtha pAragaH / nityanaimittikAnAJca kAryANAM kArakaH zuciH // aparva maithunaparaH pitRdevArcane rataH / gurubhaktojitakrodho viprANAM hitakRt sadA || dayAvAn zIlasampannaH satkulIno mahAmatiH / paradAreSu vimukho dRDhasaMkalpako dvijaH // anyaizca vaidikaguNairyuktaH kAryo gururnRpaiH / etaireva guNairyuktaH purodhAH syAnmahIrbhujAm / / mantraguru ke vizeSa lakSaNa batalAye gaye haiM : zAnto dAntaH kulInazca vinItaH zuddhavezavAn / zuddhAcAraH supratiSThaH zucirdakSaH subuddhimAn / / AzramI dhyAnaniSThazca mantra-tantra - vizAradaH / nigrahAnugrahe zakto gururityabhidhIyate // uddhartuJca va saMhartuM samartho brAhmaNottamaH / tapasvI satyavAdI ca gRhastho gururucyate // sAmAnyataH dvijAti kA guru agni, varNoM kA guru brAhmaNa, striyoM kA guru pati aura sabakA guru atithi hotA hai : gururagnirdvijAtInAM varNAnAM bAhmaNo guruH / patireko guruH strINAM sarveSAmatithirguruH // ( cANakyanIti ) upanayanapUrvaka AcAra sikhAne vAlA tathA vedAdhyayana karAne vAlA AcArya hI yathArthataH guru hai / : upanIya guruH ziSyaM zikSayecchaucamAditaH / AcAramagnikAryaJcasandhyopAsanameba ca // guru-prabhAkara alpaM vA bahu vA yasya zrutasyopakaroti yaH / tamapIha guru vidyAcchra topakriyayAtayA // SaTtriMzadAbdikaM caryyaM gurau traivedikaM vratam / tadaddhakaM pAdikaM vA grahaNAntikameva vA // ( manu0 2.69; 2. 149, 3 . 1 ) vIrazaivoM meM yaha prathA hai ki pratyeka liGgAyata gA~va meM eka maTha hotA hai jo pratyeka pA~ca prArambhika maThoM se sambandhita rahatA hai / pratyeka liGgAyata kisI na kisI maTha se sambandhita hotA hai pratyeka kA eka guru hotA hai / jaGgama inakI eka jAti hai jisake sadasya liGgAyatoM ke / guru hote haiM / jaba liGgAyata apane guru kA cunAva karatA hai taba eka utsava hotA hai, jisameM pA~ca pAtra, pA~ca maThoM ke mahantoM ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM, rakhe jAte haiM / cAra pAtra vargAkAra AkRti meM evaM eka kendra meM rakhA jAtA hai / yaha kendra kA pAtra usa liGgAyata ke guru ke maTha kA pratIka hotA hai / jaba guru kisI liGgAyata ke ghara jAtA hai, usa avasara para 'pAdodaka' saMskAra ( guru kA caraNa dhonA ) hotA hai, jisameM sArA parivAra tathA mitramaNDalI upasthita rahatI hai / gRhasvAmI dvArA guru kI SoDazopacAra pUrvaka pUjA kI jAtI hai dhArmika guru ke prati bhakti kI paramparA bhArata meM ati prAcIna hai / prAcIna kAla meM guru kA AjJApAlana ziSya kA parama dharma hotA thA / guru ziSya kA dUsarA pitA mAnA jAtA thA evaM prAkRtika pitA se bhI adhika AdaraNIya thA / Adhunika kAla meM gurusaMmAna aura bhI bar3hA car3hA hai / nAnaka, dAdU, rAdhAsvAmI Adi saMtoM ke anuyAyI jise eka bAra guru grahaNa karate haiM, usakI bAtoM ko Izvaravacana mAnate haiM / vinA guru kI AjJA ke koI hindU kisI sampradAya kA sadasya nahIM sakatA / prathama vaha eka jijJAsu banatA hai / bAda meM guru usake kAna meM eka zubha belA meM dIkSAmajJa par3hatA hai aura phira vaha sadasya bana jAtA hai / guru (prabhAkara) - chaThI zatI se AThavIM zatI ke bIca karmamImAMsA ke do prasiddha vidvAn hue; eka prabhAkara jinheM guru bhI kahate haiM evaM dUsare kumArila, jinheM bhaTTa kahA jAtA hai / ina donoM se mImAMsA ke do sampradAya cale /

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gurukulajIvana-guha 237 gurukulajIvana-dvija yA brAhmaNa, kSatriya, vaizyoM ko jIvana guru aGgada ne nAnaka ke padoM ke lie usa lipi ko svIkI pahalI avasthA meM acche gRhasthajIvana kI zikSA lenA kAra kiyA jo brAhmI se nikalI thI aura paMjAba meM unake anivArya thA / yaha zikSA gurukuloM meM jAkara prApta kI jAtI samaya meM pracalita thI / guruvANI usameM likhI gayI, isathI, jahA~ vedAdi zAstroM ke atirikta kSatriya zastrAstra lie isakA nAma 'gurumukhI' par3A / gayA / vAstava meM 'gurumukhI' vidyA aura vaizya kArIgarI, pazupAlana evaM kRSi kA kArya bhI lipi kA nAma hai, parantu bhUla se loga ise bhASA bhI sIkhatA thaa| gurukula kA jIvana ati tyAgapUrNa evaM tapasyA samajha lete haiM / isakI vahI varNamAlA hai jo saMskRta aura kA jIvana thaa| guru kI sevA, bhikSATana para jIvikA, bhArata kI anya prAdezika bhASAoM kii| isa samaya paMjAbI guru ke pazuoM kA cAraNa, kRSikarma karanA, samidhA juTAnA bhASA ko sivakha loga isI lipi meM likhate haiM / Adi karma karane ke pazcAt adhyayana meM mana lagAnA par3atA gururatnamAlikA-yaha sadAziva brahmendra dvArA racita eka thA / dhanI, nirdhana sabhI vidyArthiyoM kA eka hI prakAra kA grantha hai| jIvana hotA thaa| isa tapasthaloM se nikalane para snAtaka guruvrata-anurAdhA nakSatra yukta guruvAra ko isa vrata kA samAja kA sammAnanIya sadasya ke rUpa meM AdRta hotA evaM ____ anuSThAna hotA hai / suvarNa pAtra meM rakhI huI bRhaspati graha vivAha kara gRhasthAzrama kA adhikArI banatA thaa| kI suvarNamUrti ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| isameM sAta naktoM kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / de0 demAdri, 2.509 / / gurugranthasAhaba-(1) sikkha saMpradAya kA sarvottama dhArmika gurusthala jaGgama-'jaGgama' zabda kA prayoga do arthoM meM grantha, jisakI pUjA gurumUrti ke rUpa meM kI jAtI hai / isa hotA hai-pahalA prayoga jAti ke sadasya ke lie / pavitra grantha kA akhaNDa pATha karane kI rIti sikkhoM ne hI dUsarA abhyAsI ke artha meN| abhyAsI arthavAcaka jaGgama pracalita kii| isameM sikkhoM ke dasa guruoM kI vANI ke pUjya hotA hai / aise jaGgama liGgAyatoM ke guru hote haiM sAtha hI kabIra, nAmadeva, ravidAsa, mIrA, tulasI Adi tathA kisI na kisI maTha se sampradAya kI zikSA va dIkSA bhaktoM kI cunI huI vANiyA~ bhI saMkalita haiM aura yaha grahaNa karate haiM / inheM AjIvana brahmacArI rahanA cAhie / gurumukhI lipi meM likhA gayA hai| ye do prakAra ke hote haiM-gurusthala jaGgama aura virakta (2) isI nAma kA garIbadAsI sampradAya kA bhI eka jaGgama / gurusthaloM ko sabhI pArivArika saMskAroM dhArmika grantha hai, jise saMta garIbadAsa (1717-82 ii0)| (utsavoM) evaM guru kA kArya karane kI zikSA dI jAtI hai / gurvaSTamI vrata-guruvArayukta bhAdrapada mAsa kI aSTamI ko ne meM rcaa| isameM 24,000 pada hai / de0 'griibdaas'| guva ___ isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / suvarNa athavA rajata kI gurudeva-pandrahavI zatI ke vIrazaiva sampradAya ke eka AcArya, guru arthAt bRhaspati devatA kI pratimA kI pUjA kA jinhoMne 'vIrazaiva AcAra pradIpikA' kI racanA kii| vidhAna hai| gurudeva svAmI-ye 'Apastamba sUtra' ke eka bhASyakAra the / gurudvArA-sikkhoM kA pUjAsthAna gurudvArA kahalAtA hai| guha-(1) kArtikeya kA eka paryAya / mahAbhArata (3.228) __ meM ziva ( rudra ) ke putra ko guha kahA gayA hai : pUjA meM 'grantha sAhaba' ke kucha nizcita bhAgoM kA pATha tathA rudrasUnuM tataH prAhurguhaM gurumatAMvara / grantha kI pUjA hotI hai| sikkha gurudvAroM meM amRtasara kA arthanamabhyayuH sarvA devasenAH sahasrazaH / svarNamandira pramukha aura darzanIya hai| guru nAnaka tathA asmAkaM tvaM patiriti bruvANAH sarvato dizaH / / anya guruoM ke jIvana se sambandha rakhane vAle pramukha sthAnoM [ rudra ke putra kA nAma guha huA aura devatAoM kI para gurudvAre bane hue haiM, jo sikkhoM ke tIrthasthAna haiN| samasta senA ne inako apanA nAthaka mAna liyaa|] gurupravIpa-vedAntAcArya advaitAnanda svAmI (saM0 1206 se / (2) vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anusAra bhagavAn rAma 1255) ke tIna granthoM meM eka grantha kA nAma 'gurupradIpa' hai| ke sakhA niSAdarAja kA nAma guha thaa| yaha zRGgaverapura gurumukhI-usa lipi kA nAma jisameM sikkhoM kA dharmagrantha ke mukhya gaMgAtaTa kA zAsaka thaa| rAma aura bharata kA 'grantha sAhaba' likhA huA hai / guru nAnaka ke uttarAdhikArI isane bar3A Atithya kiyA thaa|

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238 guhadeva-gRhastha (3) kahIM-kahIM viSNu ko bhI guha kahA gayA hai : jAtiyoM-guhyaka, kirAta evaM kinnaroM ke citra pAye jAte 'karaNaM kAraNaM kartA vikartA gahano guhaH / ' (mahA0 13. haiM / yakSoM ke bahuta kucha sadRza hI guhyaka bhI hote haiM / 149-54 ) isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI gayI hai : bharahuta aura sA~cI kI mUrtikalA meM inakA aGkana baune ke 'guhate saMvRNoti svarUpAdIni mAyayA' [ jo apanI mAyA rUpa meM zAlabhaJjikAoM ke pairoM ke nIce huA hai / anaGgase svarUpa Adi kA saMvaraNa karatA hai|] paravaza vyakti kAminiyoM ke caraNatala meM kaise daba jAtA guhadeva-vedAnta ke eka AcArya / nighaNTu ke TIkAkAra hai, isakA yaha pratIka hai| devarAja aura bhaTTa bhAskara ne mAdhavadeva, bhavasvAmI, guha- guhmakadvAdazI--dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| deva, zrInivAsa, ubvaTa Adi bhASyakAroM ke nAma likhe vratI ko isa dina upavAsa karanA cAhie tathA guhyakoM haiM / brahmasUtra racanA ke bAda aura svAmI zaGkarAcArya ke pUrva (yakSoM) kI tila aura akSatoM se pUjA karanI caahie| bhI vedAnta ke AcAryoM kI paramparA akSuNNa rahI hai / ina isa vrata meM kisI brAhmaNa ko suvarNa dAna karane se samasta AcAryoM kA ullekha dArzanika sAhitya evaM zaGkara ke pApoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| bhASya meM huA hai| rAmAnujakRta vedArthasaMgraha (pR0 guhyasamAja--eka dhArmika saMghaTana, jo vAmAcArI tAntrika 154 ) meM prAcIna kAla ke cha: vedAntAcAryoM kA ullekha sAdhakoM kA vaha samAja hai jisameM bahuta sI guhya (gopanIya) milatA hai, inameM guhadeva bhI haiN| kriyAe~ hotI haiM / isameM ve hI sAdhaka praveza pAte haiM jo isa __gaha-gambhIra AdhyAtmika tattva ko guhya kahate haiM / sAdhanA meM vidhivat dIkSita hote haiN| kandarAoM, guhAoM gItA ( 9.1 ) meM bhagavAn ne jJAna ko guhyatama kahA hai : aura gupta sthAnoM meM isa samAja dvArA sAdhanA kI jAtI hai| idaM tu te guhyatamaM pravakSyAmyanasUyave / gUDhaja (gUDhotpanna)-dharmazAstra ke anusAra bAraha prakAra ke jJAnaM vijJAnasahitaM yajjJAtvA mokSyase'zubhAt / / putroM meM se eka / patnI apane pati ke atirikta kisI anya [ tumako zraddhAlu samajhakara maiM isa ati guhya jJAna puruSa se pracchanna rUpa meM jo putra utpanna karatI hai use kA upadeza karU~gA, vijJAna ke sAtha isako samajhakara tuma gUDhaja kahA jAtA hai / manusmRti (9,170) meM isakI parikaSTa se chUTa jaaoge|] bhASA isa prakAra kI gayI hai : buddhi athavA hRdayAkAza rUpI gaharI guhA meM sthita utpadyate gRhe yasya na ca jJAyeta kasya saH / hone kAraNa isa tattva ko guhya kahA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM sa gRhe gUr3ha utpannastasya syAd yasya talpajaH // viSNu aura ziva ko bhI guhya kahA gayA hai| viSNu- yaha dAyabhAgI bandhu mAnA gayA hai (manu. 9,159) / sahasranAma ( mahAbhArata, 13.149.71 ) meM guhya viSNu yAjJavalkyasmati (2.32) meM isakI yahI paribhASA kA eka nAma hai : milatI hai : guhyo gaMbhIro gahano guptazcakragadAdharaH / 'gRhe pracchanna utpanno gUDhajastu suto mataH / ' isI prakAra mahAbhArata (13.17.91 ) meM ziva vartamAna hindU-vidhi meM gUr3haja putra kI svIkRti nahIM hai| ( mahAdeva ) guhya kahe gaye haiM : gRhastha---gRha meM patnI ke sAtha rahanevAlA / patnI kA gRha meM yajuH pAdabhujo guhyaH prakAzo jaMgamastathA / rahanA isalie Avazyaka hai ki bahuta se zAstrakAroM ne guhyaka-ardha devayoniyoM meM guhyaka bhI haiN| kubera ke anu patnI ko hI gRha kahA hai : 'na gRhaM gRhamityAhuhiNI caroM kA yaha eka bheda hai / dhArmika takSaNakalA ke alaGka- gRhamucyate / ' gRhastha dvitIya Azrama 'gArhasthya' meM rahatA raNa meM isakA pratIkAtmaka upayoga kiyA gayA hai| hai / isalie isako jyeSThAzramI, gRhamedhI, gRhI, gRhapati, nidhi rakSanti ye yakSAste syurguhyakasaMjJakAH / gRhAdhipati Adi bhI kahA gayA hai| dharmazAstra meM brAhmaNa [devatAoM kI nidhi ke rakSaka yakSagaNa guhyaka kaha- ko pramukhatA dete hue gRhasthadharma kA vistAra se varNana lAte haiN|] kiyA gayA hai / (de0 manusmRti, adhyAya 4) / / ajantA kI bhitti-citrakalA meM jahA~ parvatIya dRzya caturthamAyuSo bhAgamuSitvAdyaM gurau dvijaH / citrita haiM, unameM pakSI, vAnara evaM kAlpanika jaGgalI dvitIyamAyuSo bhAgaM kRtadAro gRhe vaset //

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gUDhArthadIpikA - gRhapaJcamI adroheNaiva bhUtAnAmalpadroheNa vA punaH / yA vRttistAM samAsthAya vipro jIvedanApadi // yAtrAmAtraprasiddhyarthaM svaiH karmabhiragarhitaiH / aklezena zarIrasya kurvIta dharmasaJcayam / / RtAnRtAbhyAjjIvetta, mRtena pramRtena vA / satyAnRtAbhyAmapi vA na zvavRtyA kadAcana // RtamuJchazilaM jJeyamamRtaM syAdayAcitam // mRtaM tu yAcitaM bhaikSyaM pramRtaM karSaNaM smRtam / satyAnRtaM tu vANijyaM tena caivApi jIyate / sevA zvavRttirAkhyAtA tasmAttAM parivarjayet // dvija Ayu ke prathama caturtha bhAga ko gurugRha meM vyatIta kara dvitIya - caturtha bhAga meM vivAha kara patnI ke sAtha ghara meM vAsa kare / sampUrNa jIvadhAriyoM ke adroha athavA alpadroha se apanI vRtti kI sthApanA kara vipra ko Apattirahita avasthA meM jIvana vyatIta karanA caahie| apanI jIvanayAtrA kI siddhi mAtra ke lie apane anindanIya karmoM dvArA zarIra ko kleza diye binA use dhanasaJcayana karanA caahie| use Rta aura anRta se jInA cAhie athavA mRta aura pramRta se athavA satyAnRta se, kintu zvAna - vRtti (naukarI) se kabhI nahIM / Rta uJchazila (kheta meM par3e hue dAnoM ko cunanA ) ko, amRta ayAcita (binA mAge prApta) ko, mRta yAcita bhikSA ko pramRta karSaNa ( balAt prApta ) ko kahA gayA hai / satyAnRta vANijya hai / usase bhI jIvana vyatIta kiyA jA sakatA hai / zvAnavRtti sevA nAma se prasiddha hai / isalie isakA tyAga karanA cAhie / ] garuDa purANa ( 49 adhyAya ) meM gRhasthadharma kA varNana sAmAnyataH isa prakAra se kiyA gayA hai : sarveSAmAzramANAntu daividhyantu caturvidham / brahmacAryupakurvANo naiSThiko brahmatatparaH // yo'dhItya vidhivadvedAn gRhasthAzramamAvrajet / upakurvANako jJeyo naiSThiko maraNAntakaH // agnayo'tithizuzrUSA yajJo dAnaM surArcanam / gRhasthasya samAsena dharmo'yaM dvijasattamAH // udAsInaH sAdhakazca gRhastho dvividho bhavet / kuTumbabharaNe yuktaH sAdhako'sau gRhI bhavet // RNAni trINyupAkRtya tyaktvA bhAryAdhanAdikam / ekAkI vicaredyastu udAsInaH sa maukSikaH / / 239 [ brahmacArI (snAtaka) ke do prakAra hote haiM ---- upakurvANa aura naiSThika / jo vedoM kA vidhivat adhyayana kara gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karatA hai yaha upakurvANa aura jo AmaraNa gurukula meM rahatA hai vaha naiSThika hai / agnyAdhAna, atithisevA, yajJa, dAna, devapUjana ye saMkSepa meM gRhastha ke dharma haiM / udAsIna aura sAdhaka-gRhastha do prakAra kA hotA hai / kuTumbabharaNa meM niyamita lagA huA gRhastha sAdhaka hotA hai / RNoM - RSiRNa, devaRNa aura pitRRNa se mukta hokara, bhAryA aura dhana Adi ko chor3akara mokSa kI kAmanA se jo ekAkI vicaratA hai vaha udAsIna hai / ] pratyeka gRhastha ko tIna RNoM se mukta honA Avazyaka hai / vaha nitya ke svAdhyAya dvArA RSiRNa se, yajJa dvArA devaRNa se aura santAnotpatti dvArA pitRRNa se mukta hotA hai / usake nitya karmoM meM paJcamahAyajJoM kA anuSThAna anivArya hai| ye yajJa haiM - ( 1 ) brahmayajJa ( svAdhyAya) (2) devayajJa ( yajJAdi ) (3) pitRyajJa ( pitRtarpaNa aura pitRsevA ) ( 4 ) atithiyajJa ( saMnyAsI, brahmacArI, abhyAgata kI sevA) aura bhUtayajJa arthAt jIvadhAriyoM kI sevA / de0 'Azrama' aura 'gArhasthya' / gUDhArthadIpikA - svAmI madhusUdana sarasvatI kRta zrImadbhagavadgItA kI TIkA / ise gItA kI sarvottama vyAkhyA kaha sakate haiM / zaMkarAcArya ke matAnusAra racita yaha vyAkhyA vidvAnoM meM atyanta Adara ke sAtha pracalita hai| isakA racanAkAla solahavIM zatAbdI hai / gRtsamada - eka vaidika RSi / Rgveda kI RcAe~ sAta vargoM meM vibhakta haiM evaM ve sAta RSikuloM se sambandhita haiM / inameM prathama RSikula ke RSi kA nAma gRtsamada hai / sarvAnukramaNikA, aitareya brAhmaNa (5.2.4) evaM aitareya AraNyaka ( 2.2.1 ) meM gRtsamada ko Rgveda ke dvitIya maNDala kA sAkSAtkAra karane vAlA kahA gayA hai| kauSItaki brAhmaNa ( 22.4 ) meM gRtsamada ko bhArgava bhI kahA gayA hai / gRhapaJcamI - paJcamI ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM brahmA ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| surkhI, cUnA, sUpa, dhAnya sApha karane kA yantra, rasoI ke bartana, (gArhasthya kI pA~ca Avazyaka vastue~) tathA jalakalaza kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai / de0 hemAdri, 1.574; kRtyaratnAkara, 98 ( sAta

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240 gRhyasUtra-gokarNakSetra vastuoM kA ullekha karatA hai, jinameM eka hai cUlhA tathA kSIrodana taiyAra kiyA jAtA thaa| Rgveda kI dAnastuti dUsarA hai jalakalaza ) / meM gauoM ke bar3e-bar3e samUhoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| purohitoM ko gauoM ke dAna evaM gopAlana athavA inake gRhyasUtra-dhArmika jIvana ke kartavyanirdhAraka granthoM meM cAra svAmitva ko vizeSa mahattvapUrNa DhaMga se darzAyA gayA hai| prakAra ke sUtroM kA sarvopari mahattva hai| ve haiM zrauta, vaidika kAlIna gaue~ rohita, zukla, pRzni, kRSNa Adi gRhya, dharma evaM indrajAlika grantha / gRhyasUtroM ko 'gRhya' isalie kahA gayA hai ki ve gharelU (pArivArika) yajJoM raGgoM ke nAma se pukArI jAtI thiiN| baila hala tathA gAr3I tathA parivAra ke lie Avazyaka dhArmika kRtyoM kA varNana khIMcate the| ye vyaktigata svAmitva ke viSaya the evaM upasthita karate haiN| vastuoM ke vinimaya evaM mUlyAMkana ke bhI sAdhana the| ___ go zabda kA prayoga gau se utpanna vastuoM ke lie bhI gRhyasUtroM ke tIna bhAga haiN| pahale bhAga meM choTe yajJoM kA varNana hai, jo pratyeka gahastha apane agnisthAna meM kiyA jAtA hai / prAyaH isakA artha dugdha hI lagAyA jAtA purohita dvArA (yA brAhmaNa hone para svataH) karatA hai| hai, kintu pazu kA mAMsa bahuta kama / isase pazucarma kA ye yajJa tIna prakAra ke haiM : (a) ghRta, taila, dugdha ko agni bodha bhI hotA hai. jise aneka kAmoM meM lAyA jAtA hai| 'carmana' zabda kabhI-kabhI go kA paryAya bhI samajhA meM denA, (A) pakA huA anna denA tathA (i) pazuyajJa / jAtA hai| dUsare bhAga meM solaha saMskAroM kA varNana hai, yathA jAtakarma, nAmakaraNa, annaprAzana, cUDAkarma, yajJopavIta, vivAhAdi, godAna aneka prakAra ke dAnoM meM mahattvapUrNa hai / svatantra jo jIvana kI viziSTa avasthAoM se sambandhita karma haiN| rUpa se gau kA dAna puNyakAraka to samajhA hI jAtA hai, tIsare meM mizrita viSaya haiM, jaise gRhanirmANa sambandhI karma, anya dhArmika kAryoM ke sAtha-vivAha, zrAddha Adi meM bhI zrAddha karma, pitRyajJa tathA anya ladhu kriyAe~ / kauzika gR0 isakA vidhAna hai| sU0 meM cikitsA tathA daivI vipattiyoM ko dUra karane ke go-upacAra-yagAdi tathA yagAntya nAmaka tithiyoM ke dina mantra bhI pAye jAte haiN| sabhI vedazAkhAoM ke upalabdha __ isa vrata kA vidhAna hai| isameM eka gau kA sammAna tathA gRhyasUtroM kI sUcI denA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / ye pUjana honA cAhie / SaDazItimukha, uttarAyaNa, dakSiNAyana haiM : (Rk sambandhI) 1. zAGkhAyana 2. zAmbavya 3. Azva viSuva (samAna rAtri tathA divasa), pratyeka mAsa kI saMkrAlAyana; (sAma sambandhI) 4. gobhila 5. khAdira 6. ntiyoM, pUrNimA, caturdazI,; paJcamI, navamI, sUrya tathA jaimini; (zuklayajurveda sambandhI) 7. pAraskara; (kRSNayajurveda candra grahaNa ke dina bhI isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA sambandhI) 8. Apastamba 9. hiraNyakezI 10. baudhAyana caahie| de0 kRtyaratnAkara, 433-434; smRtikaustubha 11. bhAradvAja, 12. mAnava 13. vaikhAnasa; (atharvaveda / sambandhI) 14. kauzika / de0 'sUtra' / gokarNakSetra-karnATaka pradeza meM govA ke samIpa meM sthita go (gau)-gau hinduoM kA pavitra pazu hai| aneka yajJiya eka zaivatIrtha / yaha rAvaNa dvArA sthApita kahA jAtA hai| padArtha-ghI, dugdha, dadhi isI se prApta hote haiM / yaha svayaM uttara pradeza ke khIrI jile meM 'golA gokarNanAtha' bhI pUjanIya evaM pRthvI, brAhmaNa aura veda kA pratIka hai| uttara kA gokarNa tIrtha kahalAtA hai| gokarNakSetra ke AsabhagavAn kRSNa ke jIvana se isakA ghaniSTha sambandha hai| pAsa kaI tIrtha hai-1. mANDavyakuNDa (gokarNa se cAra mIla unako gopAla, govinda Adi viruda isI se prApta hue| pazcima) 2. koNArka kuNDa 3. bhadrakuNDa (gokarNa mandira gorakSA aura gosaMvardhana hindU kA Avazyaka kartavya hai|| se Adha mIla) 4. punarbhUkuNDa aura 5. gokarNatIrtha (mandira vaidika kAlIna bhAratIyoM ke dhana kA pramukha upAdAna gAya ke smiip)| isa kSetra meM gokarNanAtha ko milAkara paJcaathavA baila hai| gau ke kSIra kA pAna yA usakA upabhoga ghRta liGga mAne jAte haiM, jinameM mukhya liGga gokarNajI kA hai| yA dadhi banAne ke lie hotA thaa| kSIra yajJoM meM somarasa dusarA devakalI ke pAsa sarovara ke kinAre devezvara mahAdeva, ke sAtha milAyA jAtA thA, athavA anna ke sAtha tIsarA bhITA sTezana ke pAsa gadezvara, cauthA gokarNanAtha

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gokula-gotra __241 se dakSiNa bAvara gA~va meM vaTezvara aura pAMcavAM sune- zAntau mRgAjinaM zastaM mokSArthaM vyAghracarma ca / sara gA~va ke pazcima svarNezvara / inake darzanoM ke lie baha- gocarma stambhane devi sambhave vAjicarma ca / / saMkhyaka yAtrI Ate haiN| zrImadbhAgavata meM gokarNa kA isake anusAra stambhana kriyA (zatru ke jaDIkaraNa) meM ullekha hai : gocarma kAma AtA hai| pAraskara Adi gRhyasUtroM ke tato'bhivrajya bhanavAn keralAMstu trigartakAn / anusAra vivAha saMskAra kI eka kriyA meM vara ko vRSabhagokarNAkhyaM zivakSetraM sAnnidhyaM yatra dhuurjtte:|| carma para baiThane kA vidhAna hai| yahA~ para vRSabhacarma vRSyatA [ tadanantara balarAmajI kerala deza meM gaye, punaH trigarta athavA sarjanazakti kA pratIka hai / meM pahuMce jahA~ gokarNa nAmaka zaMkarajI virAjate haiM / ] devI- (2) bhUmi kA eka mApa : bhAgavata (7.30.60) meM zAkta pIThoM meM isakI gaNanA ko dazahastena vaMzena daza vaMzAn samantataH / gayI hai : paMca cAbhyadhikAn dadyAd etad gocarma ucyate // kedArapIThe samproktA devI snmaargdaayinii| (vasiSTha) mandA himavataH pRSThe gokarNe bhadrakaNikA / / [ dasa hAtha lambe bA~sa dvArA paMdraha-paMdraha vargAkAra meM isake anusAra gokarNa meM bhadrakaNikA devI kA nApI gayI bhUmi gocarma kahalAtI hai|] nivAsa hai| gotama-gotama kA ullekha Rgveda meM aneka bAra huA hai, gokUla-yaha vaiSNava tIrtha hai| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki kinta kisI RcA ke racayitA ke rUpa meM nahIM / yaha bhagavAn kRSNa ne yahA~ gaue~ carAyI thIM / mathurA se dakSiNa spaSTa hai ki unakA sambandha AGgirasoM se thA, kyoMki chaH mIla dUra yaha yamunA ke dUsare taTa para sthita hai / kahA gotama prAyaH unakA ullekha karate haiN| Rgveda kI eka jAtA hai, zrI kRSNa ke pAlaka pitA nandajI kA yahA~ goSTha RcA meM inakA pitRvAcaka 'rahugaNa' (1.78.5) thaa| saMprati vallabhAcArya, unake putra gusAI biTThalanAthajI- zabda AyA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM inheM 'mAthva evaM gokulanAthajI kI baiThakeM haiM / mukhya mandira gokulanAtha videsa' kA pArivArika purohita tathA vaidika sabhyatA ke jI kA hai| yahA~ vallabhakula ke caubIsa mandira batalAye vAhaka samajhA gayA hai (1.14.1.10) / usI brAhmaNa meM jAte haiN| inheM videha janaka evaM yAjJavalkya kA samakAlIna evaM eka mahAliGgezvara tantra meM zivazatanAma stotra ke anusAra sUkta kA racayitA kahA gayA hai / atharvaveda ke do paricchedoM mahAdeva gopIzvara kA yaha sthAna hai : meM bhI inakA ullekha hai| vAmadeva tathA nodhasa inake putra __ gokule gopinIpUjyo gopIzvara itIritaH / the / unameM vAjazravas bhI sammilita haiN| gokulanAtha-vrajabhASA ke gadyalekhaka rUpa meM gokulanAtha gotra-isako vyutpatti kaI prakAra se batAyI gayI hai| vallabhasampradAya ke prasiddha granthakAra hue haiN| inakI pUrva puruSoM kA yaha udghoSa karatA hai, isalie gotra kaha'caurAsI vaiSNavana kI vArtA' vrajabhASA kI tatkAlIna lAtA hai / isake paryAya hai santati, kula, janana, abhijana, TakasAlI racanA bahuta hI AdaraNIya hai| inhoMne puSTi anvaya, vaMza, santAna Adi / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra mArgIya siddhAntagranthoM kI vyAkhyA bhI likhI hai| 'gotra' zabda kA artha 'goSTha' hai| Adima kAla meM jitane gocara-indriyoM se pratyakSa honevAlA viSaya / jitanA dRzya kuTumboM kI gAyeM eka goSTha meM rahatI thIM unakA eka gotra jagat hai athavA jahA~ taka mana kI gati hai vaha saba gocara / hotA thaa| parantu isakA sambandha prAyaH vaMzaparamparA se mAyA kA sAmrAjya hai| paramatattva isase pare hai| vedAntasAra hI hai| vAstavika athavA kalpita Adi puruSa se vaMzameM kathana hai 'akhaNDe saccidAnandamavAGmanasagocaram / ' paramparA prArambha hotI hai / manu ke anusAra nimnAMkita mUla gocarma-(1) gau kA camar3A / kaI dhArmika kRtyoM meM gocarma gotra RSi the: ke Asana kA vidhAna hai| samayAcAratantra (paTala 2) meM jamadagnirbharadvAjo vizvAmitrAtrigautamAH / vividha karmoM meM vividha Asana nimnAMkita prakAra se bata- vasiSTha kAzyapAgastyA munayo gotrakAriNaH / lAye gaye haiM : eteSAM yAnyapatyAni tAni gotrANi manyate //

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242 gotrirAtranata-godAvarI kintu anyatra manu ne hI caubIsa gotroM kA ullekha (2) bhAdra zukla dvAdazI athavA kArtika zukla trayodazI kiyA hai : ko isa vrata kA prArambha karanA cAhie / tIna dina taka upazANDilyaH kAzyapazcaiva vAtsyaH sAvarNakastathA / vAsa, lakSmI, nArAyaNa tathA kAmadhenu kA pUjana honA caahie| bharadvAjo gautamazca saukAlInastathAparaH // isake anuSThAna se sukha-saubhAgya kI prApti hotI hai| kalkipaJcAgnivezyazca kRSNAtreyavasiSThako / (3) yaha vrata bhAdra zukla trayodazI ko Arambha karanA vizvAmitraH kuzizca kauzikazca tathAparaH / / cAhie / tIna dina paryanta isakA AcaraNa honA caahie| ghRtakauzikamaudgalyau AlamyAnaH parAzaraH / kAmadhenu tathA lakSmInArAyaNa kI pUjA kA isameM vidhAna saupAyanastathAtrizca vAsukI rohitastathA // hai| de0 hemAdri, vratakhaMDa, 303-308 (bhaviSyottara purANa vaiyAghrapadyakazcaiva jAmadagnyastathAparaH / se); vrataprakAza (patrAtmaka 161) / caturvizatirve gotrA kathitAH pUrvapaNDitaH / / govA-dakSiNa bhArata kI premAnurAgavatI eka viSNubhakta kuladIpikA meM uddhRta dhanaJjayakRta dharmapradIpa ke ana- mahilA / AlavAra bhaktoM meM periyA AlavAra arthAt 'sarvasAra cAlIsa gotra nimnAMkita haiM : zreSTha bhakta' kA janma paramparA ke anusAra kalisaMvatsara 45 saukAlInakamaudgalyau parAzarabRhaspatI / meM huA thaa| unakI putrI aNDAla, jo kalisaMvat 96 meM kAJcano viSNukauzikyau kAtyAyanAyakANvakAH / / utpanna huI thI, bahuta bar3I bhakta thI / bahuta hI madhurabhASiNI kRSNAtreyaH sAGkRtizca kauDinyo gargasaMjJakaH / hone ke kAraNa use godA kahate the / usane tamila bhASA meM AGgirasa iti khyAtaH anAvRkAkhyasaMjJitaH / / 'stotra ratnAvalI' pustaka kI racanA kI hai, jisameM tIna sau avyajaiminivRddhAkhyA zANDilyo vAtsya eva ca / stotra haiN| tamila bhaktoM meM inakA bar3A Adara hai / (inakI sAvAlamyAnavaiyAghrapadyazca ghRtakauzikaH // janmatithi AdarArtha atyanta prAcIna kAla meM mAnI gayI hai|) zaktiH kANvAyanazcaiva vAsukI gautamastathA / govAna-go=kezoM kA dAna = khaNDana karane vAlA saMskAra, zunakaH saupAyanazcaiva munayo gotrakAriNaH // jo dAr3hI-mUchoM ke muNDana rUpa meM hotA hai| isIlie zataeteSAM yAnyapatyAni tAni gotrANi manyate // patha brAhmaNa meM isakA artha 'kSaurakama' hai| godAna vidhi gotroM ke Adi puruSa brAhmaNa RSi the| isalie (sira kA muNDana) pUrNa yuvAvasthA kI prApti para tathA brAhmaNoM ke jo gotra haiM ve hI paurohitya paramparA se kSatriya, vivAha ke avasara para hotI hai / atharvaveda meM isa vidhi kA vaizya aura zUdroM ke bhI gotra haiM / agnipurANa ke vrnnsngkro| ullekha hai, kintu yaha nAma nahIM hai / bAda meM kezAnta saMskAra pAkhyAna meM isa mata kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai : kA yaha paryAya ho gayA, kyoMki prathama bAra dAr3hI-mUcha sApha kSatriya-vaizya-zadrANAM gotraM ca pravarAdikam / karane ke samaya godAna kiyA jAtA thA / de0 'kezAnta' / tathAnyavarNasaGkarANAM yeSAM viprAzca yAjakAH / / godAvarI-dakSiNa bhArata kI gnggaa| bhArata kI pavitra nadiyoM jinakI paurohitya paramparA chinna ho gayI hai aura meM isakA tIsarA sthAna hai| snAna karane ke samaya isakA jinake gotra kA patA nahIM lagatA unakI gaNanA kAzyapa dhyAna aura AvAhana kiyA jAtA hai : gotra meM kI jAtI hai, kyoMki kazyapa sabake pUrvaja mAne jAte haiM / de0 gotrprvrmnyjrii| gaGge ca yamune caiva godAvari sarasvati / gotrirAtra vrata-(1) yaha vrata Azvina kRSNa trayodazI ko kAveri narmade sindho jale'sminsannidhiM kuru // Arambha hotA hai / tIna dina taka isakA AcaraNa kiyA vaidika sAhitya meM godAvarI kA ullekha nahIM milatA, jAtA hai| isake govinda devatA haiM / gozAlA athavA parNa- kintu rAmAyaNa ke samaya se isakI carcA prArambha ho jAtI zAlA meM vedikA kA nirmANa kara usa para maNDala banAkara hai / araNyakANDa (13.13.21) meM kathana hai ki paJcavaTI bhagavAn kRSNa kI pratimA sthApita karanI cAhie, jisakI nAmaka pradeza godAvarI ke nikaTa aura agastya Azrama se dAhinI aura bAyIM ora cAra-cAra paTarAniyAM hoN| cauthe do yojana kI dUrI para sthita hai|| dina homa, gauoM ko arghyadAna tathA unakA pUjana honA mahAbhArata ke vanaparva (88.2) meM godAvarI kA nimnaaNcaahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se santAna kI vRddhi hotI hai| kita varNana pAyA jAtA hai :

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godhUmavata-godapabhirAtra 243 yasyAmAkhyAyate puNyA dizi godAvarI ndii| ke bAyeM kinAre para nAsika meM nArozaGkara mandira prasiddha bahvArAmA bahajalA tApasAcaritA zivA // hai| paJcavaTI meM sItAguphA yAtriyoM ke vizeSa AkarSaNa kA brahmapurANa (70.175 ) meM godAvarI aura usake sthAna hai / sItAguphA ke hI pAsa kAlArAma kA mandira hai, taTavartI tIrthoM kA vistAra se varNana pAyA jAtA hai| brahma- jisakI gaNanA dakSiNa-pazcima bhArata ke sarvottama mandiroM purANa godAvarI ko prAyaH gautamI kahatA hai : meM kI jA sakatI hai / govardhana aura tapovana ke bIca kaI vindhyasya dakSiNe gaGgA gautamI sA nigadyate / pavitra ghATa aura kuNDa haiN| nAsika meM sabase pavitra sthAna uttare sA'pi vindhyasya bhAgIrathyabhidhIyate / / (78.77) / rAmakuNDa aura sabase prasiddha dhArmika parva rAmanavamI hai / (tIrthasAra meM uddhRta) bRhaspati ke siMhastha hone ke avasara para ra godAvarI dvArA siJcita pradeza ko atyanta pavitra aura snAna atyanta puNyakAraka mAnA jAtA hai jisakA bAraha dharma tathA mukti kA bIja kahA gayA hai : varSa meM eka bAra yahA~ vizAla dhArmika samArohapUrvaka melA dharmabIjaM muktibIjaM daNDakAraNyamucyate / lagatA hai| vizeSAd gautamIzliSTo dezaH puNyatamo'bhavat / godhUmavrata-satyayuga meM navamI ke dina bhagavAn janArdana (vahI, 161.73) (viSNu) dvArA durgA, kubera, varuNa tathA vanaspatiyoM kA kaI purANoM meM godAvarI ghATI ke UparI aJcala kI nirmANa kiyA gayA / vanaspati bhI eka cetana devatA hai, bar3I prazaMsA kI gayI hai : jisameM godhama pramukha hai| isa vrata meM gehU~ ke ATe ke bane sahyasyAntare caite tatra godAvarI ndii| padArthoM se uparyukta pA~ca devatAoM kA pUjana karanA caahie| pRthivyAmapi kRtsnAyAM sa pradezo manoramaH // de0 kRtya ratnAkara, 285-286 / yatra govardhano nAma mandaro gandhamAdanaH // gopatha brAhmaNa-atharvaveda se sambandhita eka brAhmaNagrantha / (matsyapurANa 114.37-38) godAvarI kI utpatti ke viSaya meM purANoM meM kaI isake viSayoM meM vividhatA hai / yaha grantha 'vaitAnasUtra' para kathAe~ dI huI haiN| brahmapurANa ( 74.76 ) ke anusAra AdhArita hai / isameM do kANDa haiM, jinakA 11 adhyAyoM gautama RSi ziva kI jaTA se gaGgA ko brahmagiri meM apane meM vibhAjana huA hai| pahale kANDa meM pAMca tathA dUsare meM Azrama ke pAsa le Aye the| kucha parivartana ke sAtha yahI chaH adhyAya haiM / adhyAya prapAThaka bhI kahalAte haiN| isa kathA nAradapurANa (uttarArddha, 72) tathA varAhapurANa (71. brAhmaNa kA mukhyataH sambandha brahmavidyA se hai / isake kucha 37-44) meM pAyI jAtI hai| brahmagiri meM Akara gaGgA hI aMza zatapatha aura tANDya brAhmaNa se liye gaye haiM aura kucha godAvarI bana gyii| kUrmapurANa (2.20.29-35) ke spaSTataH paravartI prakSepa jAna par3ate haiN| anusAra godAvarI ke taTa para kiyA huA zrAddha bahuta ho gopadatrirAtra ( goSpadatrirAtra )-isa vrata ko bhAdra zukla puNyakAraka hotA hai| tRtIyA yA caturthI ko athavA kArtika mAsa meM prArambha godAvarI ke kinAre sthita tIrthoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I karanA caahie| tIna dina taka gauoM tathA lakSmInArAyaNa hai / brahmapurANa meM lagabhaga eka sau tIrthoM kA varNana pAyA ke pUjana kA isameM vidhAna hai / sUryodaya ke samaya vrata kI jAtA hai, jinameM tryambaka, kuzAvarta, janasthAna, govardhana, svIkRti tathA usI dina upavAsa karanA caahie| gau ke pravarAsaMgama, nivAsapura, bajjarAsaMgama, Adi mukhya haiN| sIMga aura pUMcha ko dahI tathA ghI se abhiSiJcita karanA godAvarI ke kinAre sarvaprasiddha tIrtha hai nAsika, govardhana, cAhie / vratI ko cUlhe meM na pakAyA huA khAdya grahaNa paJcavaTI aura janasthAna / prAcIna kAla meM ina tIrthoM meM karanA cAhie / taila tathA lavaNa varjita hai| de0 hemAdri 2. bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM mandira the / parantu musalamAnI kAla meM 323-326 (bhaviSyottara purANa 19.1-16 se)| hemAdri unameM se adhikAMza dhvasta ho gaye / phira marAThoM ke utthAna ke anusAra pUjana ke samaya 'mAtA rudrANAm', (Rgveda, ke pazcAt pezavAoM ke zAsanakAla meM aneka mandiroM kA aSTama maNDala, 101.15.1) mantra kA uccAraNa karanA nirmANa huaa| paJcavaTI meM rAmajImandira evaM godAvarI caahie|

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244 gopanavata-gopI gopadmavata-Azvina mAsa kI pUrNimA, aSTamI, ekAdazI gopAla bhaTTa--caitanyasampradAya ke eka AcArya / ye isa athavA dvAdazI ko vrata prArambha kara cAra mAsa paryanta taba sampradAya ke prArambhika chaH gosvAmiyoM meM se eka the / taka kiyA jAya jaba taka kRSNa pakSa kI vahI tithi na A 'haribhaktivilAsa' isa sampradAya kA prasiddha grantha hai, jAya / isa vrata ko sabhI kara sakate haiM, kintu vizeSa rUpa jisakI racanA sanAtana gosvAmI ne kii| parantu yaha se isa vrata kA vidhAna nava vivAhitoM ke lie hai| gau ke gopAla dvArA bhI racita mAnA jAtA hai| bhaTTajI dakSiNa paira kI pratimA apane gRha meM, gozAlA meM, viSNumandira meM, deza ke nivAsI the, bAda meM caitanya mahAprabhu kI AjJA se zivAlaya meM athavA tulasI ke thAle ke pAsa 33 bAra vRndAvana meM Akara AjIvana bhagavAn kI ArAdhanA evaM aMkita kara pA~ca varSa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA grantharacanA karate rhe| caahie| isake viSNu devatA haiN| tadanantara udyApana kA gopAlasahasranAma-sabhI kRSNabhakta sampradAyoM kA dhArmika vidhAna hai| vrata ke anta meM godAna karanA cAhie / de0 stotra grantha / isameM bhagavAna kRSNa ke eka sahasra nAmoM kA smRtikaustubha, 418-424; vratarAja, 604-608 / kIrtana hai| gopAla-(1) bhagavAn kRSNa kA eka lokapriya nAma / gopASTamI-kArtika zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anbhAgavata dharma meM kRSNa yA vAsudeva ke IzvarIkaraNa ke SThAna hotA hai / isI dina bhagavAn kRSNa gopa bane the / viSaya meM vibhinna vidvAnoM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiM / rAma isake devatA bhI ve hI haiN| isameM gauoM ke pUjana kA kRSNa gopAla bhaNDArakara vAsudeva evaM kRSNa meM antara vidhAna hai ( de0 nirNayAmRta, 77 (kUrma purANa se))| batalAte haiN| unakA kahanA hai ki vAsudeva prArambha meM sAtvata kula ke pramukha vyakti the, jo chtthii| zatI I0 pU0 gopinI-vIrAcAra (tAntrika) sampradAya ke pazvAcArI meM yA isase pUrva hue the| unhoMne apane kula ke logoM ko sAdhakoM kI pUjanIya nAyikAoM kA eka prakAra gopinI ekezvaravAda kI zikSA dii| tadanantara unake anuyAyiyoM kahalAtA hai| kulArNavatantra meM 'gopinI' zabda kI ne unheM vyaktigata Izvara mAnakara unakI hI ArAdhanA vyutpatti batalAyI gayI hai : prArambha kii| unheM pahale nArAyaNa, phira viSNu aura anta AtmAnaM gopayed yA ca sarvadA pazusaGkaTe / meM mathurA ke gopadevatA 'gopAla kRSNa' ke rUpa meM mAnA sarvavarNodbhavA ramyA gopinI sA prakIrtitA / / gayA / isa sampradAya meM prasiddha dArzanika grantha bhagavadgItA gopI-vaiSNava vAGmaya meM bhAgavatapurANa, harivaMza evaM kI racanA kI gayI jo saiddhAntika grantha hai| de0 unakA grantha viSNapurANa kA pramakha sthAna hai| tInoM meM kRSNa ke jIvana'vaiSNavijma, zaivijma aiNDa adara mAinara relijasa sekTsa kAla kA varNana milatA hai| bhAgavata meM unake paravartI oNpha inddiyaa|' isa kathana meM kalpanA kA puTa adhika hai| jIvana kI apekSA bAlya evaM yuvA kAla kA varNana ati 'govinda', 'gopAla' Adi kRSNa ke paryAya bahuta purAne haiN| sundara haA hai / isameM gopiyoM ke bIca unakI krIDA kA (2) brajamaMDala meM basane vAle gopoM ko bhI gopAla kahA varNana pramukha ho gayA hai / gopiyA~ ananya bhakti kI pratIka gayA hai, jo vaikuMThavAsI devoM ke avatAra the : haiN| gopIbhAva kA artha hai annybhkti| dArzanika gopAlA munayaH sarve vaikuNThAnandamUrtayaH / dRSTi se gopiyA~ 'gopAla-viSNu' kI hlAdinI zakti kI gopAlacampU-mahAtmA jIva gosvAmI dvArA racita kRSNa aneka rUpoM meM abhivyakti haiM, jo unake sAtha nitya vihAra lIlAsambandhI kAvyagrantha / gauDIya vaiSNava sampradAya meM yaha bahuta lokapriya hai| athavA rAsa karatI haiN| gopAlatApanIyopaniSada-isameM gopAla kRSNa ke brahmatva kA gopItattva aura gopIbhAva ke udgama aura vikAsa kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| kRSNopAsaka vaiSNavoM ko yaha itihAsa bahuta lambA aura manoraJjaka hai| sarvaprathama vizvasta evaM prAmANika upaniSad hai / Rgveda ke viSNusukta (1.155.5 ) meM viSNu ke lie gopAlanavamI-isa vrata kA anuSThAna navamI ke dina karanA 'gopa', 'gopati', 'gopA' Adi zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai| caahie| samudragAminI nadI meM snAna karane kA isameM __yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki viSNuloka meM madhu kA utsa hai vidhAna hai| kRSNa bhagavAna kI pUjA honI caahie| aura usameM bhUrizRMgA gaue~ caratI hai| ye zabda nizcita

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gopI rUpa se viSNu kA sambandha, cAhe pratIkAtmaka hI kyoM na ho, go, gopa aura gopiyoM se jor3ate haiM / yahA~ para go, gopa Adi zabda yaugika haiM, vyaktivAcaka athavA jAtivAcaka nahIM / inakA sambandha hai gamana, vikrama, samRddhi, mAdhurya aura Ananda se| isI mUla vaidika kalpanA ke AdhAra para vaiSNava sAhitya meM kRSNa ke gopasvarUpa, unake gopasakhA, gopI, gopI bhAva kI sArI kalpanAe~ aura bhAvanAe~ vikasita huiiN| yaha kahanA ki kRSNa kA mUlataH sambandha kevala gopa-prajAti se thA, vaiSNava dharma ke itihAsa ko bIca meM khaNDita rUpa se dekhanA hai| hA~, yaha kahanA ThIka hai ki viSNu kA gopa rUpa gocAraNa karane vAle gopoM aura gopiyoM meM adhika lokapriya huA / mahAbhArata meM kRSNa aura viSNu kA aikya to sthApita ho gayA thA, parantu usameM kRSNa kI bAlalIlA kI carcA na hone se gopiyoM kA koI prasaMga nahIM hai / kintu purANoM meM gopa-gopiyoM kA varNana (rUpakAtmaka) milanA prArambha ho jAtA hai| bhAgavata ( 10.1.23 ) purANa meM to spaSTa kathana hai ki gopiyA~ devapatniyA~ thIM, bhagavAn kRSNa kA anuraJjana karane ke lie ve gopI rUpa meM avatarita huI / brahmavaivarta aura padmapurANa meM gopIkalpanA aura gopI bhAvanA kA pracura vistAra huA hai| inameM goloka, nitya vRndAvana, nitya rAsakrIDA, kRSNa ke brahmatva, rAdhA kI AhlAdikA zakti Adi kA sarahasya varNana pAyA jAtA hai / madhyayugIna kRSNabhakta santoM ne gopIbhAva ko aura adhika protsAhana diyA aura gopiyoM kI ananta kalpanAe~ huiiN| sanakAdi athavA haMsa sampradAya ke AcArya nimbArka ne gopIbhAva kI dArzanika tathA rahasyAtmaka vyAkhyA kI hai / inake anusAra kRSNa brahma haiN| inakI do zaktiyA~ haiM(1) aizvarya aura ( 2 ) mAdhurya / unakI aizvaryazakti meM ramA, lakSmI, bhU Adi kI gaNanA hai| unakI mAdhurya zakti meM rAdhA tathA anya gopiyoM kI gaNanA hai / gopiyA~ kRSNa kI hlAdinI zakti haiM / nimbArka ne kahA : aGga e tu vAme vRSabhAnujAM mudA virAjamAnAmanurUpasaubhagAm / sakhI sahasraiH parisevitAM sadA smarema devIM sakaleSTakAmadAm // ( dazazlokI) 245 spaSTataH yahA~ rAdhA kI kalpanA zaktirUpa meM huI hai / gauDIya vaiSNava (caitanya) sampradAya ke dvArA gopIbhAva kA sabase adhika vistAra aura prasAra huA | puSTimArga ne ise aura puSTa kiyA / ina donoM sampradAyoM ke anusAra gopiyA~ bhagavAn kRSNa kI hlAdinI zakti haiM / lIlA meM kRSNa ke sAtha unakA pratyakSa aura apratyakSa donoM rUpoM meM nitya sAhacarya hai / vRndAvana kI pratyakSa rAsalIlA meM ve bhagavAn kI guhlAdinI zakti kA pravartana karatI haiM / ve nityasiddhA mAnI gayI haiN| caitanya mata ke AcAryoM ne gopiyoM kA sUkSma kintu vistRta vargIkaraNa kiyA hai / de0 rUpa gosvAmIkRta 'ujjvalanIlamaNi', kRSNavallabhA adhyAya / gopiyoM ke svarUpa aura nAma ke viSaya meM anyatra bhI kathana hai : gopyastu zrutayo jJeyAH svAdhijA gopakanyakA / devakanyAzca rAjendra na mAnuSyaH kathaJcana // [ gopiyoM ko zruti (veda athavA madhusvara ) samajhanA cAhie | ye gopakanyakA apanI adhiSThAna zakti se utpanna huI haiM / he rAjendra ! ye devakanyAe~ haiM; kisI prakAra ye mAnuSI nahIM haiM / ] brajabAlA ke rUpa meM inake nimnAMkita nAma haiM : pUrNarasA, rasamantharA, rasAlayA, rasasundarI, rasapIyUSadhAmA, rasataraGgiNI, rasakallolinI, rasavApikA, anaGgamaJjarI, anaGgamAninI, madayantI, raGgavihvalA, lalitayauvanA, anaGgakusumA, madanamaJjarI, kalAvatI, lalitA, ratikalA, kalakaNThI Adi / zrutigaNa ke rUpa meM inake nimnalikhita nAma haiM : udgItA, rasagItA, kalagItA, kalasvarA, kalakaNThitA, vipaJcI, kalapadA, bahumatA, karmasuniSThA, bahuhari, bahuzAkhA, vizAkhA, suprayogatamA, viprayogA, bahuprayogA, bahukalA, kalAvatI, kriyAvatI Adi / munigaNa ke rUpa meM gopiyoM ke nAma adholikhita haiM : ugratapA, sutapA, priyavratA, suratA, surekhA, suyarvA, bahupradA, ratnarekhA, maNigrIvA, aparNA, suparNA, mattA, sulakSaNA, mudatI, guNavatI, saukAlinI, sulocanA, sumanA, subhadrA, suzIlA, surabhi, sukhadAyikA Adi / gopabAlAoM ke rUpa meM unakI saMjJA nIce likhe prakAra kI hai :

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246 gopIcandana-gomatI candrAvalI, candrikA, kAJcanamAlA, rukmamAlA, gobhilagRhyasUtra-isa gRhyasUtra meM cAra prapAThaka hai / kAtyAcandrAnanA, candrarekhA, cAndravApI, candramAlA, candraprabhA, yana ne isa para eka pariziSTa likhA hai| gobhilagRhyasUtra candra kalA, sauvarNamAlA, maNimAlikA, varNaprabhA, zuddha sAmaveda kI kauthumI zAkhA vAloM aura rANAyanI zAkhA kAJcanasannibhA, mAlatI, yUthI, vAsantI, navamallikA, vAloM kA hai| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda olDenavarga ne prastuta mallI, navamallI, zephAlikA, saugandhikA, kastUrI, kiyA hai| de0 sekreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa, jilda 30 / padminI, kumudvatI, gopAlI, rasAlA, surasA, madhumaJjarI, isa para aneka saMskRtabhASya likhe gaye haiM, yathA bhaTTanArAyaNa rambhA, urvazI, surekhA, svarNarekhikA, vasantatilakA aadi| kA bhASya (raghunandana ke 'zrAddhatattva' meM uddhRta); yazodhara de0 padmapurANa, pAtAlakhaNDa / kA bhASya (govindAnanda kI 'kriyAkaumudI' meM uddhRta); gopIcandana-yaha eka prakAra kI miTTI hai jo dvArakA ke saralA nAma kI TIkA ('zrAddhatattva' meM uddhRt)| pAsa gopItAlAba meM milatI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha isameM gRhasthajIvana se sambaddha sabhI dhArmika kriyAoM gopiyoM kI aMgadhUli hai jahA~ unhoMne kRSNa ke svarUpa meM kI vidhi savistara varNita hai| gRhyayajJoM meM sAta mukhya haiM, apane ko lIna kara diyA thaa| gopIcandana se banAyA yathA pitRyajJa, pArvaNayajJa, aSTakAyajJa, zrAvaNIyajJa, AzvahuA 'UrddhapuNDra' tilaka bhAgavata sampradAya kA cihna hai / yujIyajJa, AgrahAyaNIyajJa tathA caitrIyajJa / inake atirikta isako dhAraNa karanevAle gopIbhAva kI upAsanA karate haiN| pA~ca nitya mahAyajJa hai, yathA brahmayajJa, devayajJa, pitRyajJa, gopIcandana upaniSad-vAsudeva tathA gopIcandana-upaniSad atithiyajJa tathA bhuutyjny| jina zarIrasaMskAroM kA varNana vaiSNavoM ke paravartI yuga kI racanAyeM haiN| donoM meM gopI isameM hai, unakI sUcI isa prakAra hai-1. garbhAdhAna 2. puMsavana 3. sImantonnayana 4. jAtakarma 5. nAmakaraNa candana se lalATa para UrddhapuNDra lagAne kA nirdeza hai / inameM gopIcandana aura gopIbhAva kA tAttvika vivecana 6. niSkramaNa 7. cUDAkarma 8. upanayana 9. vedArambha kiyA gayA hai| 10. kezAnta 11. samAvartana 12. vivAha 13. antyeSTi aadi| gopIcaMdranAtha-nAtha sampradAya ke nau nAthoM meM se antima gopIcandranAtha the| guru gorakhanAtha, matsyendranAtha, bhartanAtha, gobhilasmRti-kAtyAyana ke 'karmapradIpa' se yaha abhinna hai / gopIcandranAtha, sabhI aba taka jIvita evaM amara samajhe / de0 AnandAzrama smRtisaMgraha, pR0 49-71 / karmapradIpa hI jAte haiN| kahate haiM ki sAdhakoM ko kabhI-kabhI inake darzana gobhilasmRti ke nAma se uddhRta hotA hai| isakI prastAbhI ho jAte haiN| ina yogiyoM ko cirajIvana hI nahIM vanA meM kahA gayA hai : prApta hai, inheM cirayauvana bhI prApta hai| ye yogabala se athAto gobhiloktAnAmanyeSAM caiva karmaNAm / nitya kizora rUpa yA sanakAdika kI taraha bAlarUpa meM aspaSTAnAM vidhiM sabhyagdarzayiSye pradIpavat // rahate haiN| gopIcanda (gopIcandranAtha) ke gIta Aja bhI isake mukhya viSaya haiM-yajJopavItadhAraNa vidhi, AcabhikSuka yogI gAte phirate haiN| mana aura aGgasparza, gaNeza tathA mAtRkA pUjana, kuza, zrAddha, agnyAdhAna, araNi, srak, sruva, dantadhAvana, snAna, gopura-dhArmika bhavanoM kA eka angg| mandiraprAkAra ke prANAyAma, mantroccAraNa, deva-pitR-tarpaNa, paJcamahAyajJa, mukhya dvArazikhara ko gopura kahate haiN| isakI vyutpatti hai zrAddhakarma, azauca, patnIdharma, zrAddha ke prakAra Adi / 'gopana arthAt rakSaNa karatA hai jo' (gopAyati rakSati iti)| gobhilIya zrAddhakalpa-yaha raghunandana ke 'zrAddhatattva' meM udmahAbhArata (1.208.31) meM eka vizAla gopura kA dhRta hai / mahAyazas ne isakI TIkA kI hai, jisakA dUsarA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai : nAma yazodhara bhI hai / isake dUsare TIkAkAra samudrakara bhI dvipakSagaruDaprakhyAraiH saudhazca zobhitam / haiM, jinakA ullekha bhavadevakRta 'zrAddhakalA' meM huA hai| guptamabhracayaprakhyairgopurairmandaropamaiH / / gomatI-Rgveda ke dasaveM maNDala ke 'nadIsakta' meM eka nadI dakSiNa ke drAviDa zailI ke mandiroM meM bRhatkAya gopura ke rUpa meM uddhRta / ukta RcA meM isakA sindhu kI sahApAye jAte haiN| yaka nadI ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai / sindhu meM pazcima se

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gomaya-gomAMsa 247 buDDhA , Akara milane vAlI gomala nadI se yaha nizcaya hI abhinna samajhI jA sakatI hai| gelDanara kA mata hai ki gumatI yA isakI cAra UparI zAkhAoM (kyoMki yaha zabda bahuvacana meM hai) se hI uparyukta nadI kA sAmya hai / paravartI sAhitya meM isa nadI ko kurukSetra meM sthita tathA vaidika sabhyatA kA kendrasthala kahA gayA hai / Ajakala isa nAma kI gaGgA kI sahAyaka nadI uttara pradeza meM pravAhita hotI hai| isake kinAre lakhanaU, jaunapura Adi nagara haiN| mahAbhArata (6.9.17) meM eka pavitra nadI ke rUpa meM isakA ullekha hai, jisake kinAre tryambaka mahAdeva kA sthAna hai : gomatI dhUtapApAM ca candanAJca mahAnadIm / asyAstIre mahAdevastryambakamUrtyA virAjate / / mahAliGgezvaratantra ke zivazatanAma stotra meM bhI kathana hai : tryambako gomatItIre gokarNe ca trilocanaH / skandapurANa ke kAzIkhaNDa (29.51) meM gomatI kA gaGgA ke paryAya ke rUpa meM ullekha hai : 'gomatI guhyavidyA gorgotrI gaganagAminI / ' devIbhAgavata (7.30.57) ke anusAra gomatI eka devI kA nAma hai : 'gomante gomatI devI mandare kAmacAriNI / ' prAyazcittatattva meM uddhRta zAtAtapa ke anusAra gomatI eka prakAra kA vaidika mantra hai : paJcagavyena goghAtI mAsakena vizadhyati / gomatIJca japed vidyAM gavAM goSThe ca saMvaset / / gomaya-gAya kA purISa (gobara) / paJcagavya (gAya ke pA~ca vikAroM) meM se yaha eka hai| mahAbhArata ke dAnadharma meM isakA mAhAtmya varNita hai : zataM varSasahasrANAM tapastaptaM suduSkaram / gobhiH pUrva viStAbhirgacchema zreSThatAmiti / / asmatpurISasnAnena janaH pUyeta sarvadA / sakRtA ca pavitrArthaM kurvIran devamAnuSAH / / tAbhyo varaM dadau brahmA tapaso'nte svayaM prabhuH / evaM bhavatviti vibhurlokAMstArayateti ca // manusmRti (11.212) ke anusAra kRcchrasAntapana vrata meM gomayabhakSaNa kA vidhAna hai : gomUtraM gomayaM kSIraM dadhi sarpiH kuzodakam / ekarAtropavAsazca kRcchsAntapanaM smRtam / / buDDhI, vandhyA, rogAta, sadyaH prasUtA gAya kA gomaya varjita hai : atyantajIrNadehAyA bandhyAyAzca vizeSataH / rogArtAyAH prasUtAyA na gorgomayamAharet / / (cintAmaNi meM uddhRta) gomayAdisaptamI-caitra zakla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa hotA hai| isake sUrya devatA haiN| pratyeka mAsa meM bhagavAn bhAskara kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjana, vratI ko paJcagavya, yAvaka, apane Apa girI huI pattiyA~ athavA dugdhAhAra hI grahaNa karanA cAhie / de0 kRtyakalpataru, 135136; hemAdri, 1.724-725 / gomAMsa-gomAMsabhakSaNa hindU mAtra ke lie niSiddha hai| ajJAna se athavA jJAnapUrvaka gomAMsa bhakSaNa karane para prAyazcitta karanA Avazyaka hai / ajJAnapUrvaka prathama vAra bhakSaNa ke lie parAzara ne nimnAMkita prAyazcitta kA vidhAna kiyA hai : agabhyAgamane caiva madya-gomAMsa-bhakSaNe / zuddhau cAndrAyaNaM kuryAnnadIM gatvA samudragAm / / cAndrAyaNe tatazcINe kuryAdbrAhmaNabhojanam / anuDutsahitAM gAJca dadyAd viprAya dakSiNAm / / [ agabhyAgamana (ayogya strI se saMyoga), madyasevana tathA gomAMsabhakSaNa ke pApa se zuddha hone ke lie samudragApinI nadI meM snAna karake cAndrAyaNavrata karanA caahie| cAndrAyaNa-vrata ke samApta hone para brAhmaNa-bhojana karAnA cAhie aura brAhmaNa ko dAna meM baila ke sAtha gAya denI cAhie / jJAnapUrvaka gomAMsabhakSaNa meM saMvatsarabata kA vidhAna hai : gAmazvaM kuJjaroSTrau ca sarva paJcanakhaM tathA / kravyAdaM kukkuTa grAmyaM kuryAt saMvatsaraM vratam / / dubArA gomAMsabhakSaNa ke lie saMvatsaravrata ke sAtha pandraha gAyoM kA dAna tathA punaH upanayana kA vidhAna hai (vissnnsmRti)| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie dekhie 'prAyazcitta vivek'| haThayogapradIpikA ( 3.47.48) meM gomAMsabhakSaNa pratIkAtmaka hai:

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248 gomukha-gorakhanAtha gomAMsa bhakSayennityaM pivedamaravAruNIm / kiyaa| inake samAdhistha hone ke bAda gorakSa kI kahAkulInaM tamahaM manye itare kulaghAtakAH // niyA~ tathA nAthoM kI kahAniyA~ inhIM ke nAma se cala gozabdenocyate jihvA tatpravezo hi tAluni / pdd'ii| kahate haiM ki inhoMne aneka granthoM kI racanA kii| gomAMsabhakSaNaM tattu mahApAtakanAzanam / / haThayogapradIpikA ( 2.5 ) meM inakI gaNanA siddhayogiyoM [jo nitya gomAMsa bhakSaNa aura amara vANI kA pAna meM kI gayI hai : karatA hai usako kulIna mAnatA hU~; aisA na karane vAle zrIAdinAtha-matsyendra-zAvarAnanda-bhairavAH / kulaghAtaka hote haiN| yahA~ go-zabda kA artha jihvA hai| cauraGgI-mIna-gorakSa-virUpAkSa-bilezayAH / / tAlu meM usake praveza ko gomAMsabhakSaNa kahate haiN| yaha inakI samAdhi gorakhapura ( u. pra.) meM hai jo gorakhamahApAtakoM kA nAza karane vAlA hai|] paMthiyoM kA prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai| de0 'gorakhanAtha' aura gomukha-(1) himAlaya parvata ke jisa sa~kare sthAna se gaGgA 'gorkhnaathii'| kA udgama hotA hai use 'gomukha' kahate haiN| yaha pavitra tIrthasthala mAnA jAtA hai| gaGgottarI se lagabhaga gorakhanAthajI kA yaha saMskRta nAma hai / 'gorakSa' ziva dasa mIla para devagAr3a nAmaka nadI gaGgA meM milatI hai / / vahA~ se sAr3he cAra mIla para cIr3ovAsa ( cIr3a ke vRkSoM kA gorakhanAtha nAtha sampradAya kA udaya yaugika kriyAoM ke vana ) hai| isa vana se cAra mIla para gomukha hai| yahIM uddhAra ke lie huA, jinakA rUpa tAntrikoM aura siddhoM himadhArA (gleziyara ) ke nIce se gaGgAjI prakaTa hotI ne vikRta kara diyA thaa| nAtha sampradAya ke naveM nAtha haiM / gomukha meM itanA zIta hai ki jala meM hAtha DAlate hI prasiddha haiN| isa sampradAya kI paramparA meM prathama nAma vaha sUnA ho jAtA hai / gomukha se lauTane meM zIghratA karanI AdinAtha (vikrama kI 8vIM zatAbdI ) kA hai, jinheM par3atI hai| dhUpa nikalate hI himazikharoM se bhArI sampradAya vAle bhagavAn zaGkara kA avatAra mAnate haiM / himacaTTAneM TUTa-TUTakara girane lagatI hai| ataH dhUpa car3hane AdinAtha ke ziSya matsyendranAtha evaM matsyendra ke ziSya ke pahale loga cIr3ovAsa ke par3Ava para pahu~ca jAte haiN| gorakhanAthajI hue| nau nAthoM meM gorakhanAtha kA nAma (2) yaha eka prakAra kA Asana hai| haThayogapradIpikA sarvapramukha evaM sabase adhika prasiddha hai| uttara pradeza meM (1.20 ) meM isakA varNana isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai: inakA mukhya sthAna gorakhapura meM hai| gorakSanAthajI kA mandira savye dakSiNagulphaM tu pRSThapAveM niyojayet / prasiddha hai| yahA~ nAthapaMthI kanaphaTe yogI sAdhu rahate haiN| dakSiNe'pi tathA savyaM gomukhaM gomukhAkRti // isa pantha vAloM kA yogasAdhana pAtaJjali vidhi kA vika[bAyeM pITha ke pArzva meM dAhinI eDI aura dAyeM pRSTha- sita rUpa hai / nepAla ke nivAsI gorakhanAtha ko pazupatipArzva meM bAyIM er3I lagAnI caahie| isa prakAra gomukha nAthajI kA avatAra mAnate haiN| nepAla ke bhogamatI, AkRti vAlA gomukha Asana banatA hai|] bhAtagA~va, mRgasthalI, caudharI, svArIkoTa, piDaThAna Adi (3) japamAlA ke gopana ke lie nirmita vastra kI sthAnoM meM nAtha pantha ke yogAzrama haiN| rAjya ke sikkoM jholI ko gomukhI kahate haiM / de0 muNDamAlAtantra / para 'zrIgorakhanAtha' aMkita rahatA hai| unakI ziSyatA goyugmavata-rohiNI athavA mRgazirA nakSatra ko isa vrata ke kAraNa hI nepAliyoM meM gorakhA jAti bana gayI hai aura kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM eka sA~Da tathA eka gau kA eka prAnta kA nAma gorakhA kahalAtA hai| gorakhapura meM zRGgAra kara unakA dAna karanA caahie| dAna se pUrva unhoMne tapasyA kI thI jahA~ ve samAdhistha hue| umA tathA zaGkara kA pUjana karanA caahie| isa vrata kA gorakhanAthakRta haThayoga, gorakSazataka, jJAnAmRta, AcaraNa karane se kabhI patnI athavA putra kI mRtyu nahIM gorakSakalpa, gorakSasahasranAma Adi grantha haiM / kAzI nAgarI dekhanI par3atI, aisA isa vrata kA mAhAtmya kahA gayA hai| pracAriNI sabhA kI khoja meM caturazInyAsana, yogacintAgorakSa-prasiddha yogI gorakSanAthajI 1200 I0 ke laga- maNi, yogamahimA, yogamArtaNDa, yogasiddhAntapaddhati, bhaga hue evaM inhoMne apane eka svatantra mata kA pracAra vivekamArtaNDa aura siddha-siddhAntapaddhati Adi saMskRta

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gorakhanAthI-goloka 249 grantha aura mile haiN| sabhA ne gorakhanAtha ke hI likhe goratnavrata-yaha goyugma kA vaikalpika vrata hai| isameM unhIM hindI ke 37 grantha khoja nikAle haiM, jinameM mukhya ye haiM : mantroM kA uccAraNa hotA hai, jinakA prayoga goyugma vrata meM (1) gorakhabodha (2) datta-gorakhasaMvAda (3) gorakha- kiyA jAtA hai| nAthajIrA pada (4) gorakhanAthajI ke sphuTa grantha (5) golA gokarNanAtha-uttara pradeza ke lakhImapura khIrI se jJAnasiddhAnta yoga (6) jJAnatilaka (7) yogezvarI- bAIsa mIla para golA gokarNanAtha nAmaka nagara hai| yahA~ sAkhI (8) nabodha (9) virATapurANa aura (10) gorakha- eka sarovara hai, jisake samIpa gokarNanAtha mahAdeva kA sAra Adi / vizAla mandira hai| varAhapurANa meM kathA hai ki bhagavAn gorakhanAthI-gorakhanAtha ke nAma se sambaddha aura unake zaGkara eka bAra mRgarUpa dhAraNa kara yahA~ vicaraNa kara dvArA pracArita eka sampradAya / gorakhanAthI (gorakSanAthI) rahe the| devatA unheM DhUr3hate hue Aye aura unameM se brahmA, logoM kA sambandha kApAlikoM se ati nikaTa kA hai| viSNu tathA indra ne mRgarUpa meM zaGkara ko pahacAna kara le gorakhanAtha kI pUjA uttara bhArata ke aneka maTha-mandiroM calane ke lie unakI sIMga pakar3I / mRgarUpadhArI ziva to meM, vizeSa kara paMjAba evaM nepAla meM, hotI hai| phira bhI antardhAna ho gaye, kevala unake tIna sIMga devatAoM ke isa dhArmika sampradAya kI bhinnatAsUcaka koI vyavasthA hA~tha meM raha gaye / unameM se eka zRGga devatAoM ne gokarNanahIM hai| saMnyAsI, jinheM 'kanaphaTA yogI' kahate haiM, isa nAtha meM sthApita kiyA, dUsarA bhAgalapura jile (bihAra) sampradAya ke variSTha aMga haiM / sambhava hai ( kintu ThIka nahIM ke zRGgezvara nAmaka sthAna meM aura tIsarA devarAja indra kahA jA sakatA hai ) gorakhanAtha nAmaka yogI ne hI isa ne svarga meM / pazcAt svarga kI vaha liGgamUrti rAvaNa dvArA sampradAya kA prArambha kiyA ho| isakA saMgaThana 13vIM dakSiNa bhArata ke gokarNa tIrtha meM sthApita kara dI gayI / zatAbdI meM huA pratIta hotA hai, kyoMki gorakhanAtha kA devatAoM dvArA sthApita mUrti golA gokarNanAtha meM hai| nAma sarvaprathama marAThA bhakta jJAnezvararacita 'amRtAnubhava' isalie yaha pavitra tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| ( I0 1290 ) meM uddhRta hai| goloka-isakA zAbdika artha hai jyotirUpa viSNu kA loka ( gauryotirUpo jyotirmayapuruSaH tasya lokaH sthAnam ) / gorakhanAtha ne eka nayI yoga praNAlI ko janma diyA, viSNu ke dhAma ko goloka kahate haiN| yaha kalpanA Rgveda jise haThayoga kahate haiN| isameM zarIra ko dhArmika kRtyoM ke viSNusUkta se prArambha hotI hai| viSNu vAstava meM evaM kucha nizcita zArIrika kriyAoM se zuddha karake sUrya kA hI eka rUpa hai| sUrya kI kiraNoM kA rUpaka bhUrimastiSka ko sarvazreSTha ekAgratA ( samAdhi), jo prAcIna zRMgA ( bahuta sIMga vAlI ) gAyoM ke rUpa meM bA~dhA gayA yoga kA rUpa hai, prApta kI jAtI hai| vibhinna zArIrika hai / ataH viSNuloka ko goloka kahA gayA hai| brahmapraNAliyoM ke zodhana aura divya zakti pAne ke lie vaivarta evaM padmapurANa tathA nimbArka matAnusAra rAdhA kRSNa vibhinna Asana prakriyAoM, prANAyAma tathA aneka mudrAoM nitya premikA haiN| ve sadA unake sAtha 'goloka' meM, jo ke saMyoga se Azcaryajanaka siddhi lAbha inakA lakSya sabhI svargoM se Upara hai, rahatI haiN| apane svAmI kI taraha hotA hai| hI ve bhI vRndAvana meM avatarita huI evaM kRSNa kI vivAgorakhapura-uttara pradeza ke pUrvAJcala meM nAtha panthiyoM kA / hitA strI bniiN| nimbAkoM ke lie kRSNa kevala viSNu yahA~ prasiddha tIrthasthAna hai| yahA~ gorakhanAthajI kI ke avatAra hI nahIM, ve ananta brahma hai, unhIM se rAdhA tathA samAdhi ke Upara sundara mandira banA huA hai| garbhagRha meM asaMkhya gopa evaM gopI utpanna hote haiM, jo unake sAtha samAdhisthala hai, isake pIche kAlI devI kI vikarAla 'goloka' meM bhA~ti-bhA~ti kI lIlA karate hai / * mUrti hai / yahA~ akhaNDa dIpa jalatA rahatA hai / gorakhapaMtha tantra-granthoM meM goloka kA nimnAMkita varNana pAyA kA sAmpradAyika pITha hone ke kAraNa yaha maTha aura jAtA hai : isake mahanta bhArata meM atyanta prasiddha hai| yahA~ ke mahaMta vaikuNThasya dakSabhAge golokaM sarvamohanam / siddha puruSa hote Aye haiN| tatraiva rAdhikA devI dvibhujo muralIdharaH / / 32

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250 govatsadvAdazI-govinda yadrUpaM golakaM dhAma tadrapaM nAsti mAmake / jJAne vA cakSuSo kiMvA dhyAnayoge na vidyate // zaddhatattvamayaM devi nAnA devena zobhitam / madhyadeze golokAkhyaM zrIviSNorlobhamandiram // zrIviSNoH satvarUpasya yat sthalaM cittamohanam / tasya sthAnasya mAhAtmyaM kiM mayA kathyate'dhunA / / Adi brahmavaivartapurANa ( brahmakhaNDa, 28 adhyAya ) meM bhI goloka kA vistRta varNana hai / govatsadvAdazI-kArtika kRSNa dvAdazI se Arambha kara eka varSa paryanta isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| isake hari devatA haiM / pratyeka mAsa meM bhinna bhinna nAmoM se hari kA pUjana karanA cAhie / isase putra kI prApti hotI hai / de0 hemAdri, 1.1083-1084 / govardhana-vrajamaNDala ke eka parvata kA nAma / jaisA isake nAma se hI prakaTa hai, isase vaja ( carAgAha ) meM gAyoM kA vizeSa rUpa se vardhana (vRddhi) hotA thaa| bhAgavata kI kathA ke anusAra bhagavAn kRSNa ne indrapUjA ke sthAna para govardhanapUjA kA pracAra kiyaa| isase kruddha hokara indra ne ativRSTi ke sAtha vraja para AkramaNa kiyA aura aisA lagA ki vraja jalapralaya se naSTa ho jAyegA / bhagavAn kRSNa ne vraja kI rakSA ke lie govardhana ko eka aMgulI para uThAkara indra dvArA kiye gaye ativarSaNa ke prabhAva ko roka diyaa| taba se kRSNa kA viruda govardhanadhArI ho gayA aura govardhana kI pUjA hone lgii| yaha parvata mathurA se solaha mIla aura barasAne se caudaha mIla dUra hai, jo eka choTI pahAr3I ke rUpa meM hai / lambAI lagabhaga cAra mIla hai, U~cAI thor3I hI hai, kahIM kahIM to bhUmi ke barAbara hai / parvata kI pUrI parikramA caudaha mIla kI hai| eka sthAna para 108 bAra daNDavat praNAma karake taba Age bar3hanA aura isI krama se lagabhaga tIna varSa meM isa parvata kI parikramA pUrI karanA bahuta bar3A tapa mAnA jAtA hai / govardhana bastI prAyaH madhya meM hai| padmapurANa ke pAtAlakhaNDa meM govardhana kA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA~ hai: anAdirharidAso'yaM bhadharo nAtra saMzayaH / [isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha parvata anAdi aura bhagavAn kA dAsa hai|] govardhapUnajA-padmapurANa (pAtAla khaNDa ) aura harivaMza (2.17 ) meM govardhanapUjA kA vistArase varNana pAyA jAtA hai : prAtargovarddhanaM pUjya rAtrI jAgaraNaM caret / bhUSaNIyAstathA gAvaH pUjyAzca dohavAhanAH / / zrIkRSNadAsavaryo'yaM zrIgovarddhanabhUdharaH / zuklapratipadi prAtaH kArtike'ryo'tra vaiSNanaiH // pUjana vidhi nimnAMkita hai : matharAyAM tathAnyatra kRtvA govarddhanaM girim / gomayena mahAsthUlaM tatra pUjyo giriryathA // mathurAyAM tathA sAkSAt kRtvA caiva pradakSiNama / gaiSNanaM dhAma samprApya modate harisannidhau // govardhana pUjA kA mantra isa prakAra hai : govarddhana dharAdhAra gokulatrANakAraka / viSNubAhukRtocchAyo gavAM koTiprado bhava / / kArtika zukla pratipadA ko annakUTa evaM govardhanapUjA hotI hai| gobara kA vizAla mAnavAkAra govardhana banAkara dhvajA-patAkAoM se sajAyA jAtA hai / gAya-baila raMga, tela, mora paMkha Adi se alaMkRta kiye jAte haiN| sabakI pUjA hotI hai| gharoM meM aura devAlayoM meM chappana prakAra ke vyaJjana banate haiM aura bhagavAn ko bhoga lagatA hai / yaha tyohAra bhAratavyApI hai. parantu mathurA-vRndAvana meM yaha vizeSa rUpa se manAyA jAtA hai| govardhanamaTha-zaMkarAcArya dvArA sthApita cAra maThoM meM jagannAthapurIsthita mtth| ina maThoM ko AcArya ne advaita-vidyAdhyayana evaM usake prabhAva ke prasAra ke lie sthApita kiyA thaa| zaGkara ke pramukha cAra ziSyoM meM se eka AcArya padmapAda isa maTha ke prathama adhyakSa the| sambhavataH 1400 I0 meM yahA~ ke mahanta zrIdhara svAmI ne bhAgavata purANa kI TIkA likhii| govinda-zrI kRSNa kA eka nAma / bhgvdgiitaa| (1.32) meM arjuna ne kRSNa kA saMbodhana kiyA hai : 'kiM no rAjyena govinda kiM bhogarjIvitena vaa|' isakI zAbdika vyutpatti isa prakAra hai : 'gAM dhenuM pathivIM vA vindati prApnoti vA' ( jo gAya athavA pRthvI ko prApta karatA hai ) / kintu viSNutilaka nAmaka grantha meM dUsarI hI vyutpatti pAyI jAtI hai : gobhireva yato vedyo govindaH smudaahRtH|

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govindadvAdazI-govindasiMha 251 [go ( vedavANI ) se jo jAnA jAtA hai vaha govinda satrahavIM zatI ke prArambhika cAlIsa varSoM meM caitanya samprakahalAtA hai / ] harivaMza ke viSNuparva (75.43-45) meM dAya kA Andolana paryApta baliSTha thA evaM isa kAla meM kRSNa ke govinda nAma par3ane kI nimnalikhita kathA hai : ba~galA meM utkRSTa kAvyaracanA ( sampradAya sambandhI ) karane adyaprabhRti no rAjA tvamindro vaibhava prabho / vAle kucha kavi aura lekhaka hue| isa dala meM sabase bar3I tasmAttvaM kAJcanaH pUrNadivyasya payaso ghaTai : // pratibhA govindadAsa kI thii| ebhiradyAbhiSicyasva mayA hastAvanAmitaH / govindaprabodha-kArtika zakla ekAdazI ko isa vrata kA ahaM kilendro devAnAM tvaM gavAmindratAM gataH / / anuSThAna hotA hai / kucha granthoM meM dvAdazI tithi hai| govinda iti lokAstvAM stoSyanti bhuvi zAzvatam // govinda bhagavatpAdAcArya-AcArya govinda bhagavatpAda gauDa gopAlatApinI upaniSad (pUrva vibhAga, dhyAna prakaraNa, pAdAcArya ke ziSya tathA zaGkarAcArya ke guru the| inake 7-8 ) meM govinda kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : viSaya meM vizeSa koI bAta nahIM miltii| zaGkarAcArya ko tAn hocuH kaH kRSNo govindazca ko'sAviti gopIjana jIvanI se aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki ye narmadA taTa para vallabhaH kaH kA svaaheti| tAnuvAca brAhmaNaH kahIM rahA karate the / zaGkarAcArya kA unakA ziSya honA hI pApakarSaNo gobhUmivedavidito viditA gopIjanA vidyA- yaha batalAtA hai ki ve apane samaya ke udbhaTa vidvAn, advaita kalAprerakastanmAyA ceti / ' sampradAya ke pramukha AcArya evaM siddha yogI rahe hoMge / unakA mahAbhArata (1.21.12 ) meM bhI govinda nAma kI koI grantha nahIM miltaa| kisI kA kahanA hai ki ye vyutpatti pAyI jAtI hai : govinda pAdAcArya hI pataJjali the| parantu yaha mata prAmAgAM vindatA bhagavatA govindanAmitaujasA / Nika nahIM hai, kyoMki pataJjali kA samaya dUsarI zatI I0 varAharUpiNA cAntavikSobhitajalAvilam / / pU0 kA prathama caraNa hai| unakA koI advaita siddhAnta punaH mahAbhArata ( 5.70.13 ) meM hI : sambandhI grantha nahIM milatA hai| viSNurvikramAddevo jayanAjjiSNurucyate / govindabhASya-aThArahavIM zatI meM baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa zAzvatatvAdanantazca govindo vedanAd gavAm // ne caitanya sampradAya ke lie 'vedAntasUtra' para eka vyAkhyA brahmavaivarta purANa (prakRtikhaNDa, 24 vA a0 ) meM bhI likhI, jise 'govindabhASya' kahate haiN| isa grantha meM yahI bAta kahI gayI hai : 'acintya bhedAbheda' kA dArzanika mata darzAyA gayA hai ki yuge yuge praNaSTAM gAM viSNo ! vindasi tattvataH / brahma evaM AtmA kA sambandha antima vizleSaNa meM bhI govindeti tato nAmnA procyase RSibhistathA / / acintya hai| [he viSNu ! Apa yuga yuga meM naSTa huI gau ( veda ) govindarAja-taittirIyopaniSad ke eka vRttikAra / manuko tattvataH prApta karate haiM, ataH Apa RSiyoM dvArA smati kI TIkA karanevAle bhI eka govindarAja hue haiN| govinda nAma se stuta hote haiN|] govindavirudAvalI-mahAprabhu caitanya ke ziSya rUpa gosvAmI govindadvAdazI-phAlguna zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA dvArA racita eka grantha / anuSThAna hotA hai / eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa kiyA govindazayanavata-ASAr3ha zukla ekAdazI ko isa vrata kA jAtA hai / pratyeka mAsa kI dvAdazI ko gauoM ko vidhi- anuSThAna hotA hai / kisI zayyA para athavA kyArI meM viSNu vat cArA khilAnA caahie| ghRta, dadhi athavA dugdha bhagavAn kI pratimA sthApita kI jAnI caahie| cAra mizrita khAdya padArthoM ko miTTI ke pAtroM meM rakhakara AhAra mAsa taka vrata ke niyamoM kA AcaraNa kiyA jAnA caahie| karanA caahie| kSAra tathA lavaNa varjita hai| hemAdri, cAturmAsyavrata bhI isI tithi ko Arambha hotA hai| 1.1096.97 ( viSNurahasya se ) tathA jImUtavAhana ke govindazayana ke bAda samasta zubha karma, jaise upanayana, kAlaviveka, 468 ke anusAra dvAdazI ke dina puSya nakSatra vivAha, cUDAkarma, prathama gRhapraveza ityAdi cAra mAsa Avazyaka hai| taka niSiddha haiN| govindadAsa-ye caitanya sampradAya ke eka bhakta kavi the| govindasiMha-sikkhoM ke dasaveM guru / ye guru tegabahAdura ke

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252 govindANava-gosvAmI putra the / inhoMne hI 'khAlasA' dala kI sthApanA ( 1690 meM jo zloka likhA hai usake eka pada ke sAtha brahmAnanda I0 meM) kI tathA paJca 'kakAra' ( keza, kaMghA, kar3A, kaccha sarasvatI kRta 'laghucandrikA' kI samApti ke eka zloka kA tathA kRpANa ) dhAraNa karane kI prathA calAyI / inake kucha sAdRzya dekhA jAtA hai| ina donoM se siddha hotA hai samaya meM sikkha sampradAya sainika jatthe ke rUpa meM saMga- ki govindAnanda tathA brahmAnanda ke vidyAguru zrI zivarAma Thita ho gyaa| govindasiMha ne guruprathA ko samApta kara the| isase ina donoM kA samakAlIna honA bhI siddha hotA diyA, jo nAnaka ke kAla se calI A rahI thii| de0 hai| brahmAnanda madhusudana sarasvatI ke samakAlIna the / ataH 'pratha saahb'| govindAnanda kA sthitikAla bhI satrahavIM zatAbdI honA hindU dharma kI rakSA, pratiSThA aura uddhAra ke lie| caahiye| vigata guruoM ke samAna hI dRr3ha saMgaThana banAkara ye AjI- govindAnanda sarasvatI-yogadarzana ke eka aacaary| inake vana mugaloM se morcA lete rahe / anta taka inhoMne bhArI ziSya rAmAnanda sarasvatI (16vIM zatI ke aMta ) ne tyAga, balidAna aura saMgharSa jhelate hue adhyAtma vRtti ko pataJjali ke yogasUtra para 'maNiprabhA' nAmaka TIkA likhii| bhI pariniSThita kiyaa| inakI kAvyaracanA ojasvI nArAyaNa sarasvatI inake dUsare ziSya the, jinhoMne 1592 aura komala, donoM rUpoM meM milatI hai| I0 meM eka grantha (yoga viSayaka) likhaa| inake ziSyoM ke govinvArNava-eka dharmazAstrIya nibandhagrantha / isakI racanA kAla ko dekhate hue anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki ye kAzI ke rAjA govindacandra gahaDavAla ke prazraya meM rAma- avazya 16vIM zatI ke prArambha meM hue hoNge| candra ke putra zeSa nRsiMha ne kI thii| isakA dUsarA nAma goSThASTamI-kArtika zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna 'dharmasAgara' athavA 'dharmatattvAloka' bhI hai| isameM chaH hotA hai / isameM gauoM ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai / gauoM ko vIciyA~ haiM-1. saMskAra 2. Ahnika 3. zrAddha 4. ghAsa khilAnA, unako parikramA karanA tathA unakA anuzuddhi 5. kAla aura 6. prAyazcitta / isakA ullekha saraNa karanA caahie| 'nirNayasindhu' aura lakSmaNa bhaTTa ke 'AcAraratna' meM goSThIpUrNa-svAmI rAmAnuja ke dUsare dIkSAguru / inase punaH huA hai / de0 alavara saMskRta grnthsuucii| zrIraGgam meM rAmAnuja ne dIkSA lii| goSThIpUrNa ne inheM golatikA vrata-isa vrata meM grISma Rtu meM kalaza se pavitra yogya samajhakara mantra rahasya samajhA diyA aura yaha AjJA dI jala kI dhArA bhagavAn ziva kI pratimA para DAlI jAto ki dUsaroM ko yaha mantra na sunaayeN| parantu jaba unheM jJAta hai| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isase brahmapada kI prApti huA ki isa mantra ke sunane se hI manuSyoM kA uddhAra ho hotI hai / de0 hemAdri, 2.861 ( kevala eka zloka ) / sakatA hai, taba ve eka maMdira kI chata para car3hakara saikar3oM govinda svAmI-govinda svAmI 'aitareya brAhmaNa' ke eka nara-nAriyoM ke sAmane cillA-cillA kara mantra kA prasiddha bhASyakAra hue haiN| uccAraNa karane lage / guru yaha sunakara bahuta krodhita hue 'aSTachApa' ke eka bhakta kavi bhI isa nAma se prasiddha aura unhoMne ziSya ko bulAkara kahA-'isa pApa se tumheM haiM, jo saMgItAcArya bhI the| anantakAla taka naraka kI prApti hogii|' isa para rAmAnuja govindAnanda-AcArya govindAnanda zaGkarAcArya dvArA praNIta ne bar3I zAnti se uttara diyA-gurudeva ! yadi ApakI 'zArIraka bhASya' ke TIkAkAra haiN| unakI likhI huI kRpA se saba strI-puruSa mukta ho jAyeMge aura maiM akelA 'ratnaprabhA' sambhavataH zAGkarabhASya kI TIkAoM meM sabase naraka meM par3a gA to mere lie yahI uttama hai|' goSThIpUrNa sarala hai / isameM bhASya ke prAyaH pratyeka pada kI vyAkhyA rAmAnuja kI isa udAratA para mugdha ho gaye aura unhoMne hai / sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie bhASya ko hRdayaMgama karAne meM prasanna hokara kahA-'Aja se viziSTAdvaita mata tumhAre hI yaha bahuta hI upayogI hai| jo loga vistRta aura gaMbhIra nAma para 'rAmAnuja sampradAya' ke nAma se vikhyAta hogaa|' TIkAoM ke samajhane meM asamartha hai unhIM ke lie yaha gosvAmI-(1) eka dhArmika upAdhi / isakA artha hai 'go vyAkhyA likhI gayI hai| (indriyoM) kA svAmI ( adhikaarii)'| jisane apanI govindAnandajI ne 'ratnaprabhA' meM apane guru ke sambandha indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai vahI vAstava meM

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253 gosvAmIpuruSottamaja-gautamadharmasUtra 'gosvAmI' hai| isalie vItarAga santoM aura vallabha- jisa mata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai use 'ajAtavAda' kahate kula ke guruoM ko bhI isa upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA hai / sRSTi ke viSaya meM bhinna-bhinna sampradAyoM ke bhinna-bhinna jAtA hai| mata haiN| koI kAla se sRSTi mAnate haiM aura koI bhagavAn (2) caitanya sampradAya ke dhArmika netA, vizeSa kara ke saMkalpa se isakI racanA mAnate haiN| isa prakAra koI rUpa, sanAtana, unake bhatIje jIva, raghunAthadAsa, gopAla pariNAmavAdI haiM aura koI ArambhavAdI / kintu gauDapAda bhaTTa tathA raghunAtha bhaTTa 'gosvAmI' kahalAte haiN| ye isa ke siddhAntAnusAra jagat kI utpatti hI nahIM huI, kevala sampradAya ke adhikArI netA the| inhoMne aneka grantha likhe eka akhaNDa ciddhana sattA hI mohavaza prapaJcavat bhAsa rahI hai tathA pracArArtha kArya kiye haiN| caitanya ke sAthI anu- hai / yahI bAta AcArya ina zabdoM meM kahate haiM : yAyiyoM evaM unase sambandhita anuyAyiyoM ( bhAI, bhatIje manodRzyamidaM dvaitamadvaitaM paramArthataH / Adi ) ko bhI gosvAmI kahA jAtA hai / manaso hyamanIbhAve dvaitaM naivopalabhyate // (3) gauNa rUpa meM gosvAmI (gusAMI) una gRhasthoM ko [yaha jitanA dvaita hai saba mana kA hI dRzya hai| parabhI kahate haiM jo punaH vivAha kara lene vAle virakta sAdhu- mArthataH to advaita hI hai, kyoMki mana ke mananazUnya hA saMtoM ke vaMzaja haiN| jAne para dvaita kI upalabdhi nahIM hotii| ] AcArya ne gosvAmI puruSottamajI-vallabha sampradAya ke pramukha apanI kArikAoM meM aneka prakAra kI yuktiyoM se yahI vidvAnoM meM gosvAmI puruSottamajI vizeSa ullekhanIya siddha kiyA hai ki sat, asat athavA sadasat kisI bhI hai| inakI aneka gaMbhIra racanAoM se puSTimArgIya sAhitya prakAra se prapaJca kI utpatti siddha nahIM ho sktii| ataH kI zrIvRddhi huI hai| paramArthataH na utpatti hai, na pralaya hai, na baddha hai, na sAdhaka gauDapAda-'sAMkhyakArikA vyAkhyA' ke racayitA evaM advaita hai, na mumukSu hai aura na mukta hI hai : siddhAnta ke prasiddha AcArya / sAMkhyakArikA ke padyoM evaM na nirodho na cotpattirna baddho na ca sAdhakaH / siddhAntoM kI ThIka-Thoka vyAkhyA karane meM inakI TIkA na mumukSurna vai mukta ityeSA paramArthatA / / mahattvapUrNa hai| gauDapAdAcArya ke jIvana ke bAre meM koI basa, jo samasta viruddha kalpanAoM kA adhiSThAna, vizeSa bAta nahIM miltii| AcArya zaGkara ke ziSya sarvagata, asaGga, aprameya aura avikArI Atmatattva hai, eka surezvarAcArya ke 'naiSkarmyasiddhi' grantha se kevala itanA patA mAtra vahI sadvastu hai| mAyA kI mahimA se rajjU meM sarpa, lagatA hai ki ve gauDa deza ke rahane vAle the| isase pratIta zukti meM rajata aura suvarNa meM AbhUSaNAdi ke samAna usa hotA hai ki unakA janma baGgAla prAnta ke kisI sthAna meM sarvasaGgazUnya nirvizeSa cittattva meM hI samasta padArthoM kI huA hogaa| zaGkara ke jIvanacarita se itanA jJAta hotA pratIti ho rahI hai| hai ki gauDapAdAcArya ke sAtha unakI bheMTa huI thii| gaur3Iya vaiSNavasamAja-baGgAla ke caitanya sampradAya kA parantu isake anya pramANa nahIM milte|| _ dUsarA nAma 'gauDIya vaiSNava samAja, hai, jisake dArzanika ___ gauDapAdAcArya kA sabase pradhAna grantha hai 'mANDUkyo- mata kA nAma 'acintya bhedAbheda vAda' hai| vizeSa vivaraNa pnisstkaarikaa'| isakA zaGkarAcArya ne bhASya likhA ke lie 'caitanya sampradAya' athavA 'acintybhedaabhedhai| isa kArikA kI 'mitAkSarA' nAmaka TIkA bhI vAda' dekheN| milatI hai / unakI anya TIkA hai 'uttara giitaa-bhaassy'| gautama-nyAyadarzana ke racayitA kA nAma / yaha eka gotrauttara gItA (mahAbhArata) kA eka aMza hai / parantu yaha nAma bhI hai| zAkyagaNa isI gotra kA thaa| ataH buddha aMza mahAbhArata kI sabhI pratiyoM meM nahIM miltaa| gautama bhI kahalAte haiM / de0 'nyAya drshn'| gauDapAda advaitasiddhAnta ke pradhAna udghoSaka the / inhone gautamadharmasUtra-prArambhika dharmasUtroM meM se yaha sAmavedIya apanI kArikA meM jisa siddhAnta ko vIjarUpa meM prakaTa dharmasUtra hai| isameM dainika evaM vyAvahArika jIvana sambandhI kiya, usI ko zaGkarAcArya ne apane granthoM meM vistRta rUpa se vidhi saMkalita hai| isameM sAmAjika jIvana, rAjadharma samajhAkara saMsAra ke sAmane rakhA / kArikAoM meM unhoMne tathA vidhi athavA vyavahAra (nyAya) kA vidhAna hai| haradatta nAgarAlA yA mahA milatA /

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254 ke anusAra isameM kula 28 adhyAya hai| isake kalakattA saMskaraNa meM eka adhyAya aura 'karmavipAka' para jor3a diyA gayA hai / gautama buddha - 562 I0 pU0 zAkya gaNa meM inakA janma huA thA / inhoMne bauddha dharma kA pracAra kiyA / sanAtanI hindU inheM bhagavAn viSNu kA navA~ avatAra mAnate haiM / nitya ke saMkalpa meM pratyeka hindU buddha ko vartamAna avatAra ke rUpa meM smaraNa karatA hai| bodhagayA meM inakA mandira hai jisake bAre meM sanAtaniyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki bhagavAn viSNu ne yaha navAM avatAra asuroM ko mAyA moha meM pha~sAne ke lie liyA, vedapratipAdita yajJavidhi kI nindA kI aura ahiMsA evaM pravrajyA kA pracAra kiyA ki asura loga, jo usa samaya bahuta prabala the, zAmta aura saMsAra se virata rheN| viSNupurANa, zrImadbhAgavata, agnipurANa, vAyupurANa, skandapurANa evaM bAda ke granthoM meM ye hI bhAva gautama buddha ke prati prakaTa kiye gaye haiN| vallabhAcArya ne brahmasUtra, dvitIya pAda, chabbIsaveM sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM eka AkhyAyikA dI haiM, jo sanAtaniyoM ke uparyukta vicAroM kI poSikA hai| gautamasmRti - aSTAviMzati smRtiyoM meM eka mukhya smRti / gautamIyatantra - 'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM ullikhita causaTha tantroM kI sUcI meM 'gautamIya tantra' evaM 'bRhat gautamIya tantra' nAmaka do tantroM kA ullekha hai / gauracandra - adhika sundara evaM zubhra varNa hone ke kAraNa caitanya ko aneka bhakta gauracandra kahA karate the| unakI prazaMsA meM 'gauracandrikA' nAmaka pustaka bhI likhI gayI hai| gaura candrikA - caitanya ke rUpaguNoM kI prazaMsA meM unake ziSyoM ne yaha grantha rcaa| de0 'gauracandra' | gaurAGgASTaka - caitanya sAhitya meM gaurAGgASTaka nAmaka saMskRta grantha kA bhI nAma AtA hai| isakA usa sampradAya meM nitya pATha kiyA jAtA hai| gaurIkuNDa - kedAranAtha mandira se ATha mIla nIce yaha eka pavitra kuNDa (jalAzaya) hai| yahA~ do kuNDa haiM--eka garama pAnI kA aura dUsarA ThaMDe pAnI kA zItala jala kA kuNDa / amRtakuNDa kahA jAtA hai| kahate hai, bhagavatI pArvatI ne isI meM prathama snAna kiyA thaa| gaurIkuNDa kA jala kAphI uSNa hai / janavizvAsa ke anusAra mAtA pArvatI kA janma yahA~ huA thA / yahA~ pArvatI kA mandira bhI hai / gaurIgaNezacaturthI- kisI bhI caturthI ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna ho sakatA hai| isameM gaurI tathA gaNeza ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| isase saphalatA tathA saubhAgya surakSita rahate haiM / gautamabuddha-gaurIvata gaurIgaNezapUjA sabhI sampradAyoM ke hinduoM meM maGgala kAryoM ke Arambha meM gaurI-gaNeza kI pUjA sabase pahale hotI hai| yAtrA ke Arambha meM gaurI-gaNeza kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA gaurIcaturthI - mAgha zukla caturthI ko gaurIpUjana kA vidhAna sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie hai| kintu vizeSa rUpa se mahilAoM dvArA kucha puSpoM se viduSI brAhmaNastriyoM tathA vidhavAoM kI pratiSThA karanI cAhie / gaurItapovrata - isa vrata kA vidhAna kevala mahilAoM ke lie hai| mArgazIrSa amAvasyA ko isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / arddharAtri ke samaya ziva tathA pArvatI kI kisI zivamandira meM pUjA karanI caahie| solaha varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| tadanantara pArgazIrSa mAsa kI pUrNimA ko isakA udyApana honA caahie| yaha 'mahAvrata' bhI kahA jAtA hai / gaurItRtIyAvrata -- caitra zukla, bhAdra zukla athavA mAgha zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| gaurI kI pUjA unake vibhinna nAmoM se hotI hai| mahAdeva tathA gaurI kI pUjA kA isameM vidhAna hai| pArvatI ke ye ATha nAma haiM: pArvatI, lalitA, gaurI, gAyatrI, zAGkarI, zivA, umA tathA satI / gaurIvivAha caitra mAsa kI tRtIyA, caturthI athavA paJcamI - ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| ziva tathA gaurI kI suvarNa, rajata, nIlama kI pratimAe~ dhanI loga banavAkara unakA vivAha kreN| sAmAnya loga candana, arka paudhe kI, azoka athavA madhUka nAmaka vRkSa kI pratimAe~ banAkara unakA vivAha karAyeM de0 kRtyaratnAkara, 108-110 ( devI purANa se ) / , gaurIvrata - ( 1 ) Azvina mAsa se cAra mAsa taka isa vrata kA AcaraNa hotA hai / vratI ko dugdha athavA dugdha kI banI vastuoM, dadhi ghRta tathA ganne kA rasa nahIM grahaNa karanA cAhie, apitu inhIM vastuoM ko pAtroM meM rakhakara dAna karanA cAhie / dAna dete samaya nimna zabdoM kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie, "gauri, prasIdatu mAm / " (2) kevala mahilAoM ke lie zukla pakSa meM tRtIyA se tathA caitra mAsa meM kRSNa pakSa se eka varSaparyanta gaurI ke bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjana kA vidhAna hai / pratyeka tRtIyA ko bhinna-bhinna prakAra kA bhoga bhI vihita hai / (3) tRtIyA ke dina kevala mahilAoM ke lie bhaviSyat purANa (1.21.1 ) meM isa vrata kA vidhAna hai / lavaNavihIna

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pranthasAhaba-paryasana 255 bhojana kA usa dina AhAra karanA caahie| vizeSa rUpa jahA~ tithi tathA nakSatroM ke sandarbhAnusAra bhinnase vaizAkha, bhAdrapada tathA mAgha kI tRtIyA pavitra hai| ke saMyogoM kA nirdeza karate haiM, vahA~ grahoM tathA anya devoM (4) jyeSTha kI caturthI ko umA kA pUjana karanA cAhie, ke sammAnasUcaka kucha vizeSa yAgoM kA bhI saMketa karate kyoMki usI dina unakA janma huA thaa| haiM / ina yajJa-yAgoM dvArA thor3e se vyaya meM hI ananta puNya prantha sAhaba-guru nAnaka, anya sikkha-guruoM tathA snt| kI upalabdhi hotI hai| isa viSaya meM eka udAharaNa kaviyoM ke vacanoM kA isameM saMgraha hai| pAMcave guru arjuna paryApta hogA / yadi kisI ravivAra ko SaSThI tithi ho deva svayaM kavi the evaM vyAvahArika bhii| unhoMne amRtasara aura saMyoga se usI dina puSya nakSatra bhI ho, to skandakA svarNamandira banavAyA aura 'grantha sAhaba' ko pUrNa kiyaa| yAga kA Ayojana kiyA jAnA caahie| isa vrata ke graha-yajJakarma kA somapAnapAtra (pyaalaa)| graha kA ullekha Ayojana se manuSya kI samasta manovAMchAe~ pUrNa hotI haiM / zatapatha brAhmaNa (4.6.5.1) meM paravartI graha ke artha meM na lagabhaga eka darjana 'yAga' hemAdrikRtavratakhaNDa meM batalAye gaye hokara aindrajAjika zakti ke artha meM huA hai| paravartI haiN| tIna prakAra ke grahayajJoM ke lie dekhie : smRtikaustubha, sAhitya meM hI prathama bAra isakA prayoga khecara piNDoM ke 455-479 jo hemAdri 2.590-592 se nittAnta bhinna hai| artha meM huA hai, jaisA ki maitrAyaNI upaniSad (6.16) prahayAmalatantra-'vAmakezvaratantra' meM causaTha tantroM kI sUcI se jJAta hai| vaidika bhAratIyoM ko grahoM kA jJAna thaa| dI huI hai, isameM ATha yAmalatantra haiM / ye yAmala (jor3e) olDenavarga grahoM ko AdityoM kI saMjJA dete haiM jo sAta vizeSa devatA evaM usakI zakti ke yugmIya ekatva ke pratIka hai-sUrya, candra evaM pA~ca anya graha / dUsare pAzcAtya kA varNana karate haiM / grahayAmalatantra bhI unameM se eka hai| vidvAnoM ne isakA virodha kiyA hai| hilabrANTa ne pA~ca grAmageyagAna-Acika (sAmavedasambandhI grantha) meM do adhvaryuoM (Rgveda 3.7.7) ko graha kahA hai| yaha bhI prakAra ke gAna haiM , prathama grAmageyagAna, dvitIya arnnygaan| kevala anumAna hI hai| 'paJca ukSANaH' ko Rgveda ke eka araNyagAna apane rahasyAtmaka svarUpa ke kAraNa vana meM gAye dUsare mantra meM usI anizcitatApUrvaka graha kahA gayA hai| jAte haiM / grAmageyamAna nitya svAdhyAya, yajJa Adi ke samaya nirukta ke bhASya meM durgAcArya ne 'bhUmija' ko maGgala graha grAma meM gAye jAte haiN| kahA hai| paravartI taittirIya AraNyaka (1.7) meM vaNi saptasUryoM ko grahoM ke artha meM liyA jA sakatA hai| luDviga ne sUrya va candra ke sAtha pA~ca grahoM evaM sattAIsa nakSatroM ko ghaTa-dhArmika sAdhanAoM meM 'ghaTa' kA kaI prakAra se upayoga Rgvedokta cauMtIsa jyotiyoM evaM yajJarUpI ghor3e kI hotA hai / zubha kRtyoM meM varuNa (jala tathA nIti ke devatA) pasaliyoM kA sUcaka batAyA hai| ke adhiSThAna ke rUpa meM ghaTa kI sthApanA hotI hai / ghaTa graha-nakSatroM aura hinduoM ke dhArmika kRtyoM kA ghaniSTha ghaTikAyantra athavA kAla kA bhI pratIka hai jo sabhI sambandha hai| pratyeka dhArmika kArya ke lie zubha muhUrta kI kRtyoM kA sAkSI mAnA jAtA hai / navarAtra ke durgApUjanAAvazyakatA hotI hai| isIlie prAcIna kAla meM veda ke rambha meM ghaTa kI sthApanA kara usameM devI ko virAjamAna SaDaGgoM meM jyotiSa' kA vikAsa haA thaa| yajJoM kA kiyA jAtA hai| samaya jyotiSapiNDoM kI gatividhi ke anusAra nizcita zAkta loga rahasyamaya rekhAcitroM kA 'yantra' evaM hotA thaa| sUrya-upAsanA meM sauramaNDala ke nava grahoM kA 'maNDala' ke rUpa meM pracaratA se prayoga karate haiM / ina yantroM viziSTa sthAna hai| nava grahoM meM zubha aura duSTa donoM evaM maNDaloM ko ve dhAtu kI sthAliyoM, pAtroM evaM pavitra prakAra ke graha hote haiM / pratyeka mAGgalika kArya ke pUrva nava- ghaToM para aMkita karate haiM / madyapUrNa ghaTa kI pUjA aura graha-pUjana hotA hai| duSTa grahoM kI zAnti kI vidhi bhI usakA prasAda liyA jAtA hai| karmakANDIya paddhatiyoM meM vistAra se vaNita hai| ghaTaparyasana (ghaTasphoTa)-kisI patita athavA jAticyuta grayAga-nibandhoM aura paddhatiyoM ke zAnti vAle vibhAga meM vyakti kA jo zrAddha (antyeSTi) usake jIvanakAla meM hI navagraha yAga prakaraNa milatA hai / hemAdri ( 2.80-592) kuTumbiyoM dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, use 'ghaTaparyasana' kahate haiM / gha

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256 ghaTayoni-ghaMTAkarNa ghaTayoni-agastya yA kumbhaja RSi / purA kathA ke anusAra ko ghRta tathA madhu kA bhojana, eka prastha tila (ADhaka kA agastya kA janma kumbha athavA ghaTa se huA thaa| isalie cauthAI) tathA do prastha dhAna kA dAna karanA caahie| unako kumbhaja athavA ghaTayoni kahate haiM / de0 'agastya' / ghRtasnApanavidhi-isa vrata meM grahaNa ke dina athavA pauSa meM dharma-yajJIya pAtra, jo eka taraha kI baTaloI jaisA hotA kisI bhI pavitra dina zivapUjA kA vidhAna hai / eka rAta thA / Rgveda tathA vAja0 saM0, ai0 brA0 ityAdi meM 'dharma' tathA eka dina zivamUrti ke Upara ghRta kI anavarata dhArA se usa pAtra kA bodha hotA hai jisameM dUdha garma kiyA jAtA par3anI caahie| rAtri ko nRtya-gAna karate hue jAgaraNa thA, vizeSakara azvinau ko dene ke lie| ataeva isa rakhanA caahie| zabda se garma dUdha evaM kisI garma peya kA bhI artha prAyaH ghRtAcI-sarasvatI kA eka paryAya / eka apsarA kA bhI lagAyA jAne lgaa| yaha nAma hai| indrasabhA kI apsarAoM meM isakI gaNanA ghRta-yajJa kI sAmagrI meM se eka mukhya padArtha / agni meM hai| isane kaI RSiyoM tathA rAjAoM ko pathabhraSTa kiyA / isakI svatantra Ahuti dI jAtI hai| havana karma meM sarva- paura vaMza ke kazanAbha athavA raudrAzva ke dvArA isake dasa putra prathama 'AdhAra' evaM 'AjyabhAga' AhutiyoM ke nAma se hue| brahmavaivartapurANa ke anusAra kaI varNasaMkara jAtiyoM agni meM ghRta TapakAne kA vidhAna hai| sApha kiye hue ___ke pUrvaja isase vizvakarmA ke dvArA utpanna hue the / harimakkhana kA ullekha Rgveda meM yajJa-upAdAna ghRta ke artha meM vaMza ke anusAra kUzanAbha se isake dasa putra tathA dasa huA hai| aitareya brAhmaNa ke bhASya meM sAyaNa ne ghRta evaM kanyAeM utpanna huI thiiN| sarpi kA antara karate hue kahA hai ki sarpi pighalAyA dUsarI kathA ke anusAra kuzanAbha se isakI eka sau huA makkhana hai, aura ghRta jamA huA (ghanIbhUta) makkhana kanyAe~ utpanna huii| vAyu unako svarga meM le jAnA cAhate hai| kintu yaha antara ucita nahIM jAna par3atA, kyoMki the, parantu unhoMne jAnA asvIkAra kara diyA / vAyu ke makkhana agni meM DAlA jAtA thaa| agni ko 'ghRtapratIka', zApa se unakA rUpa vikRta (kubar3A) ho gyaa| parantu punaH 'ghRtapRSTha', 'ghRtaprasaha' evaM 'ghRtaprI' kahA gayA hai| jala unhoMne apanA svAbhAvika rUpa prApta karake kAmpila ke kA vyavahAra makkhana ko zuddha karane ke lie hotA thA, rAjA brahmadatta se vivAha kiyaa| kUbar3I kanyAoM ke nAma etadartha use 'dhRtapU' kahA jAtA thaa| aitareya brAhmaNa meM para hI usa deza kA nAma 'kanyAkubja' kAnyakubja ho gayA / Ajya, ghRta, Ayuta tathA navanIta ko kramazaH devatA, mAnava, ghaMTAkarNa-pAzupata sampradAya ke eka AcArya / zava paramparA pitR evaM zizu kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| zrautasUtroM, ke paurANika sAhitya se patA lagatA hai ki agastya, gRhyasUtroM, smRtiyoM tathA paddhatiyoM meM ghRta ke upayoga kA dadhIci, vizvAmitra, zatAnanda, durvAsA, gautama, RSyazRGga, vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| upamanyu evaM vyAsa Adi maharSi zaiva the / vyAsajI ke ghRtakambala-mAgha zukla caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna lie kahA jAtA hai ki unhoMne kedArakSetra meM 'ghaNTAkarNa' hotA hai| isameM upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| pUrNimA sama upavAsa karana kA vidhAna hai| pUrNimA se pAzupata dIkSA lI thI, jinake sAtha bAda meM ve kAzI meM ko eka sthUla kambala ke samAna jamA huA ghRta ziva mUrti rahane lge| vyAsakAzI meM ghaMTAkarNa tAlAba vartamAna hai / para vedI paryanta lapeTA jAnA cAhie / tadanantara kRSNa varNa vahIM ghaMTAkarNa kI mUrti bhI hAtha meM zivaliGga dhAraNa kiye vAle sA~r3oM kA jor3A dAna karanA cAhie / isake pariNAma- virAjamAna hai| vartamAna kAzI ke nIcIbAga muhalle meM svarUpa vratI asaMkhya varSoM taka zivaloka meM vAsa karatA ___ghaMTAkarNa (karNaghaNTA) kA tAlAba hai aura usake / hai| yaha zAntikarma bhI hai / isake anusAra vratI ko eka vyAsajI kA mandira hai / muhalle kA nAma bhI 'karNaghaMTA' hai / vastra ur3hAkara usakA ghI se abhiSiJcana karanA caahie| kahA gayA hai ki ghaMTAkarNa itane kaTTara zivabhakta the ki de0 AtharvaNa pariziSTa, ar3atIsavA~ bhAga, 204-212; zaMkara ke nAma ke atirikta kAna meM dUsarA zabda par3ate hI rAjanItiprakAza (vIramitrodaya), paSTha 459-464 / sira hilA dete the jahA~ kAnoM ke pAsa do ghaNTe laTake ghRtabhAjanavrata-pUrNimA ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA rahate the| ghaNToM kI dhvani meM dUsarA zabda vilIna ho hai| zivajI kI pUjA isa vrata meM kI jAtI hai| brAhmaNa jAtA thaa|

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gheraNDa RSi-cakradhara 257 Ga kAraM paramezAni svayaM paramakuNDalI / sarvadevamayaM varNa triguNaM lolalocane // paJcaprANamayaM varNa GakAraM praNamAmyaham / tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAma pAye jAte haiM, yathA Ga. zakto bhairavazcaNDo vinduttaMsaH zizupriyaH / ekarudro dakSanakhaH kharparo viSayaspRhA / / kAntiH zvetAhvayo dhIro dvijAtmA jvAlinI viyat / mantrazaktizca madano vighnezo cAtmanAyakaH / / ekanetro mahAnando durddharazcandramA yatiH / zivayoSA nIlakaNThaH kAmezIca mayAzuko // varNoddhAratantra meM isake dhyAna kI vidhi nimnalikhita hai: dhUmravarNAM mahAghorAM lalajjihvAM caturbhajAm / pItAmbaraparIdhAnAM sAdhakAbhISTasiddhidAm / / evaM dhyAtvA brahmarUpAM tanmantraM dazadhA japet / / gheraNDa RSi-dheraNDa RSi kI likhI 'dheraNDasaMhitA' prAcIna grantha hai| yaha haThayoga para likhA gayA hai tathA paramparA se isakI zikSA barAbara hotI AyI hai / nAthapaMthiyoM ne usI prAcIna sAttvika yoga praNAlI kA pracAra kiyA hai, jisakA vivecana 'gheraNDasaMhitA' meM huA hai| gheraNDasaMhitA-de0 'gheraNDa RSi' / ghoTakapaJcamI-Azvina kRSNa paJcamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| yaha vrata rAjAoM ke lie nirdhArita hai jo azvoM kI abhivRddhi athavA susvAsthya ke lie anuSThita hotA hai / yaha eka prakAra kA zAntikarma hai| ghora AGgiras-eka purAkathita AcArya kA nAma, jo kauSItaki brAhmaNa evaM chAndogya upaniSad meM ullikhita haiM / inako kRSNa (devakIputra) kA zikSaka kahA gayA hai / yaha AMzika nAma hai, kyoMki AMgirasoM ke ghoravaMzaja 'bhiSak atharvA' bhI kahe gaye haiN| RgvedIya sUktoM meM 'atharvANo vedAH' kA sambandha 'bheSajam' evaM 'AMgiraso vedAH' kA 'ghoram' ke sAtha hai| ataeva ghora AGgiras atharvavedI karmakANDa ke kRSNapakSapAtI lagate haiN| inakA ullekha kAThaka saMhitA ke azvamedhakhaNDa meM bhI huA hai| ghoSA-Rgveda kI mahilA RSi / vahA~ do mantroM meM ghoSA ko azvinoM dvArA saMrakSita kahA gayA hai / sAyaNa ke matAnusAra usakA putra suhastya Rgveda ke eka aspaSTa mantra meM udhata hai / olDenavarga yahA~ ghoSA kA hI prasaMga pAte haiM, kintu pizela ghoSA ko saMjJA na mAnakara kriyAbodhaka mAnate haiN| azvinoM kI stuti meM kahA gayA hai ki unhoMne vRddhA kumArI ghoSA ko eka pati diyaa| Rgveda (10.39.40) kI RcA ghoSA nAmnI RSi (strI) kI racI kahI gayI hai / kathA yoM hai ki ghoSA kakSIvAna kI kanyA thI / kuSTha roga se grasta hone ke kAraNa bahuta dinoM taka vaha avivAhita rhii| azvinoM (devatAoM ke vaidyoM) ne usako svAsthya, saundarya aura yauvana pradAna kiyA, jisase vaha pati prApta kara skii| cakra-(1) viSNu ke cAra AyudhoM-zaGkha, cakra, gadA aura padma meM se eka Ayudha / yaha unakA mukhya astra hai / isakA nAma sudarzana hai / cakranemi (pahiyA kA gherA) ke mUla artha meM yaha ava gati athavA pragati kA pratIka hai| darzana meM bhavacakra athavA janmamaraNacakra ke pratIka ke rUpa meM bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| (2) zAktamata meM devI kI cAra prakAra kI ArAdhanA hotI hai| prathama mandira meM devI kI janapUjA, dvitIya meM cakrapUjA, tRtIya meM sAdhanA evaM caturtha meM abhicAra (jAdU) dvArA, jaisA ki tantroM meM batAyA gayA hai| cakrapUjA eka mahattvapUrNa tAntrika sAdhanA hai / ise Ajakala vAmAcAra kahate haiN| barAbara saMkhyA ke puruSa evaM striyA~ jo kisI bhI jAti ke hoM athavA samIpI sambandhI hoM, yathA pati patnI, mA~, bahina, bhAI-eka gupta sthAna meM milate tathA vRttAkAra baiThate haiM / devI kI pratimA yA yantra sAmane rakhA jAtA hai evaM paJcamakAra-madirA, mAMsa, matsya, mudrA evaM maithuna kA sevana hotA hai / cakradhara-(1) viSNu kA eka paryAya hai| ve cakra dhAraNa karate haiM, ataH unakA yaha nAma ydd'aa| (2) eka santa kA nAma / inakA jIvanakAla terahavIM zatI kA madhya hai| ye hI mAnabhAU sampradAya ke saMsthApaka the / inake anuyAyI yAdavarAjA rAmacandra (1271 F-vyaJjana varNoM ke kavarga kA paJcama akSara / tAntrika viniyoga ke lie kAmadhenutantra meM isake svarUpa kA nimnAMkita varNana hai: 33

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258 cakradharacarita-caNDI (caNDikA) 1309 I0) ke samakAlIna nAgadeva bhaTTa evaM jJAnezvarI ke racayitA jJAnezvara hue / inakA paravartI itihAsa ajJAta hai| inakA vaiSNavamata bar3A udAra thaa| isameM jAti athavA varNabheda nahIM mAnA jAtA thaa| isalie rUr3hivAdiyoM dvArA isa mata kA tIvra virodha huaa| cakradhara karahAda brAhmaNa the tathA mAnabhAU (saM0 mahAnubhAva) sampradAya vAle inheM apane devatA dattAtreya kA avatAra mAnate haiM / cakradharacarita-yaha mAnabhAU (saM0 mahAnubhAva) sampradAya kA eka grantha hai jo marAThI bhASA meM likhA gayA hai / sampradAya ' ke saMsthApaka ke jIvanacarita kA vivaraNa isameM pAyA jAtA hai| cakrapUjA-de0 'ckr'| cakravartI-(1) jisa rAjA kA (ratha) cakra samudraparyanta calatA thA, usako cakravartI kahate the| usako azvamedha athavA rAjasUya yajJa karane kA adhikAra hotA thaa| bhArata ke prAcIna sAhitya meM aise rAjAoM kI kaI sUciyA~ pAyI jAtI hai| mAndhAtA aura yayAti prathama cakravatiyoM meM se the / samasta bhArata ko eka zAsanasUtra meM bA~dhanA inakA pramukha Adarza hotA thaa| (2) zAstroM meM prakANDa yogyatA prApta karane para vidvAnoM ko bhI yaha upAdhi dI jAtI thii| cakravAka-cakavA nAmaka eka pakSI / yaha nAma dhvanyAtmaka hai| isakA ullekha Rgveda evaM yajurveda meM azvamedha ke balipazuoM kI tAlikA meM AtA hai| atharvaveda evaM paravartI sAhitya meM sacce dAmpatya kA udAharaNa isase diyA gayA hai| cakrAyudha (cakrI)-viSNu kA paryAya / isakA artha hai 'cakra hai Ayudha (astra) jiskaa|' mUrtikalA meM viSNu ke AyudhoM kA AyudhapuruSa ke rUpa meM aMkana huA hai| cakrollAsa-AcArya rAmAnuja kRta eka grantha / viziSTAdvaita sampradAya meM isakA bar3A Adara hai| cakSurvata-netravrata ke samAna isa vrata meM caitra zukla dvitIyA ko azvinIkumAroM (devatAoM ke vaidya) kI pUjA kI jAtI hai, eka varSa taka athavA bAraha varSa taka / usa dina vratI ko dadhi athavA ghRta kA AhAra karanA caahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI ke netra acche rahate haiM aura bAraha varSa taka vrata karane se vaha rAjayogI bana jAtA hai| caNDamAruta-zrIvaiSNava saMpradAya kA eka tArkika grantha, jisake racayitA caNDamArutAcArya the| yaha grantha 'zatadUSaNI' nAmaka grantha kA vyAkhyAna hai / caNDamArutAcArya ko doddayAcArya rAmAnujadAsa bhI kahate haiN| caNDamArutaTIkA-de0 'caNDamAruta' / caNDamAruta mahAcArya-viziSTAdvaita sambandhI 'caNDamAruta' nAmaka TIkA ke rcyitaa| yaha TIkA vedAntadezikAcArya veGkaTanAtha kI 'zatadUSaNI' ke Upara racita hai| caNDA-bhayaMkara athavA kruddha / yaha durgA kA eka viruda hai| asuradalana meM durgA yaha rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai| caNDAla (cANDAla)-varNasaMkara jAtiyoM meM se nimna koTi kI eka jAti / caNDAla zUdra pitA aura brAhmaNa mAtA se utpanna mAnA jAtA hai| parantu vAstava meM yaha antyaja jAti hai jisakA sabhya samAja ke sAtha pUrA sapiNDIkaraNa nahIM huA / ataH yaha bastiyoM ke bAhara rahatI aura nagara ke kUr3e-karkaTa, mala-mUtra Adi sApha karatI hai / isameM bhakSyAbhakSya aura zucitA kA vicAra nahIM hai| caNDAloM kI ghora AkRti, kRSNa varNa aura lAla netroM kA varNana sAhityika granthoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| mRtyudaNDa meM aparAdhI kA badha inhIM ke dvArA hotA thaa| caNDI (caNDikA)-durgA devii| kAlI ke samAna hI durgA devI kA sampradAya hai| ve kabhI-kabhI dayAlu rUpa meM evaM prAyaH ugra rUpa meM pUjI jAtI haiM / dayAlu rUpa meM ve umA, gaurI, pArvatI athavA haimavatI, jaganmAtA tathA bhavAnI kahalAtI haiM; bhayAvane rUpa meM ve durgA, kAlI athavA zyAmA, caNDI athavA caNDikA, bhairavI Adi kahalAtI haiM / Azvina aura caitra ke navarAtra meM durgApUjA vizeSa samAroha se manAyI jAtI hai / devI kI avatAraNA miTTI ke eka kalaza meM kI jAtI hai / mandira ke madhya kA sthAna gobara va miTTI se lIpakara pavitra banAyA jAtA hai| ghaTa meM pAnI bharakara, Amrapallava se Dhakakara usake Upara miTTI kA hI eka DhakanA, jisameM jau aura cAvala bharA rahatA hai tathA jo eka pIle vastra se DhakA hotA hai, rakhA jAtA hai / purohita mantrocAraNa karatA huA, kuza se jala uThAkara kalaza para tathA usake upAdAnoM para chir3akatA hai tathA devI kA AvAhana ghaTa meM karatA hai / unake Agamana ko mAnyatA dete hue eka prakAra kI lAla-dhUli (rolI) ghaTa ke bAhara

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caNDikAvaga-caturvargacintAmaNi 259 cAroM ora chir3akate haiN| isa pUjAvidhi ke madhya meM haThayoga ke caurAsI (caturazIti ) AsanoM kA vivaraNa purohita kevala phala-mUla hI grahaNa karatA hai| pUjA kA pAyA jAtA hai| anta agni meM yajJa (homa) se hotA hai, jisameM jau, cInI, caturthIvata-gaNeza caturthI, gaurIcaturthI, nAgacaturthI, skandaghRta evaM tila kA vyavahAra hotA hai| yaha havana ghaTa ke caturthI tathA bahulA caturthI ke atirikta isa caturthIvrata sAmane hotA hai, jisameM devI kA vAsa samajhA jAtA hai| kA vidhAna hai / isake lie paJcamI se viddha caturthI honI yajJa kI rAkha evaM kalaza kI lAla dhUli pujArI yajamAna cAhie / lagabhaga 25 vrata aise haiM jo caturthI ke dina hote ke ghara lAtA hai tathA unake sadasyoM ke lalATa para lagAtA haiM / yamasmRti ke anusAra yadi caturthI tithi zanivAra ko hai aura isa prakAra ve devI ke sAtha ekAkAratA prApta karate par3e tathA usI dina bharaNI nakSatra ho to usa dina snAna haiM / bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM caNDI kI pUjA prAyaH tathA dAna se akSaya puNya kI prApti hotI hai / caturthI tIna isI prakAra se hotI hai / prakAra kI hotI hai-zivA, zAntA tathA sukhA ( bhaviSya caNDikAvata-kRSNa tathA zukla pakSoM kI navamI ko isa purANa 31.1-10) / ve kramazaH haiM bhAdrapada zukla pakSa kI vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| eka varSa taka isakA caturthI, mAgha kRSNa kI caturthI tathA bhaumavAsarIya caturthI / AcaraNa honA caahie| isameM caNDikA ke pUjana kA caturthIjAgaraNa vrata-kArtika zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA vidhAna hai / isa dina upavAsa karanA cAhie / anuSThAna hotA hai / pA~ca athavA bAraha varSa taka isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| zivajI kA ghRta snAna karAte hue caNDIvAsa-baGgAla meM caNDIdAsa bhagavadbhakta kavi ho gaye pUjana karanA cAhie / asaMkhya kalazoM se snAna karAne haiN| ba~galA meM inake race bhaktirasapUrNa bhajana tathA kIrtana bahuta vyApaka aura pracalita haiN| inakA jIvanakAla laga kA vidhAna hai / kalaza sau taka ho sakate haiM / isake atibhaga 1380 se 1420 I0 taka mAnA jAtA hai / ba~galA rikta SoDazopacAra pUjana pUrvaka rAtri meM jAgaraNa karanA bhASA meM rAdhA-kRSNa viSayaka aneka sundara bhajana inake cAhie / isase vratI ko divyAnandoM kI upalabdhi tathA mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| race hue pAye jAte haiN| caturdazIvrata-dharmagranthoM meM lagabhaga tIsa caturdazIvratoM kA caNDImaGgala-mukundarAma dvArA ba~galA meM likhita 'caNDI ullekha milatA hai| kRtyakalpataru kevala eka vrata kA maGgala' caNDIpUjA kI eka kAvyamaya paddhati detA hai / yaha ullekha karatA hai aura vaha hai shivcturdshii|| zAktoM meM bahuta pracalita hai / caturdazyaSTamI-mAsa ke donoM pakSoM kI aSTamI tathA catucaNDImAhAtmya-caNDImAhAtmya ko devImAhAtmya bhI kahate rdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM bhojana hai / harivaMza ke kucha zlokoM evaM mArkaNDeyapurANa ke eka nakta paddhati se karanA caahie| eka varSa taka isakA aMza se yaha mAhAtmya gaThita hai / isakA racanA kAla chaThI AcaraNa hotA hai / isameM zivapUjana kA vidhAna hai| zatAbdI hai, kyoMki bANaracita caNDIzataka isI grantha para caturmativrata-viSNudharmottarapurANa ke tRtIya adhyAya, zloka AdhArita hai| caNDImAhAtmya ke aneka anuvAda tathA 137-151 meM 15 caturmati vratoM kA ullekha hai / hemAdri, isa para AdhArita aneka bhajana ba~galA zAktoM dvArA likhe vratakhaNDa 1.505 meM bhI kucha varNana milatA hai / gaye haiN| caturyugavata-caitra mAsa ke prathama cAra dinoM meM cAroM caNDIzataka-bANabhaTTa dvArA racita caNDIzataka sAtavIM yugoM-kRta, tretA, dvApara tathA tiSya ( kali ) kA pUjana zatAbdI ke pUrvAdha kA sAhityika grantha hai / yaha 'caNDI hotA hai / eka varSa taka anuvartI mAsoM meM bhI inhIM mAhAtmya' para AdhArita hai| isameM devo kI stuti 100 tithiyoM meM isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / isameM zlokoM meM huI hai / vividha bhAratIya bhASAoM meM isakA kevala dugdhAhAra kA vidhAna hai| anuvAda huA hai| caturvargacintAmaNi-dharmazAstra kA vikhyAta nibandha grantha / caturazItyAsana-yaha grantha gorakhanAthapraNIta hai tathA nAgarI hemAdri terahavIM zatI ke anta meM yAdava ( mahArASTra ke ) pracAraNI sabhA kAzI kI khoja se prApta huA hai| isameM rAjAoM ke maMtrI the| unhoMne dharmazAstrIya viSayoM kA eka

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260 caturvedasvAmI-candraSaSThI vizvakoza taiyAra kiyA, jise 'caturvargacintAmaNi' kahate candrajJAna Agama-candrajJAna ko candrahAsa bhI kahate haiM / haiM / lekhaka kI yojanA ke anusAra isake pA~ca khaNDa hai- yaha eka raudrika Agama hai| tAtha (4) mAkSa tathA (5) candragrahaNa-pRthvI kI chAyA ( rUpaka artha meM chAyA rAkSasI parizeSa / parizeSa khaNDa ke cAra bhAga hai-(1) devatA kA putra rAha arthAta andhakAra ) jaba candramA para par3atI (2) kAla-nirNaya (3) karmavipAka tathA (4) lakSaNa hai taba use candragrahaNa kahate haiN| isa parva para nadIsnAna samuccaya / 'biliyothikA iMDikA' sIrIja meM isakA tathA vizeSa japa-dAna-puNya karane kA vidhAna hai / yaha prakAzana cAra bhAgoM tathA 6000 pRSThoM meM huA hai / dUsarI dhArmika kRtya naimittika mAnA gayA hai| aura tIsarI jilda meM do do bhAga haiM / cauthI jilda prAya candranakSatravata -somavAra yukta caitra ko pUrNimA ko isa zcitta para hai / yaha sandeha kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha hemAdri ko vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yaha vAra vrata hai| isameM racanA hai athavA nahIM / abhI sampUrNa grantha kA mudraNa nahIM candrapUjana kA vidhAna hai / Arambha se sAtaveM dina candramA ho pAyA hai / yaha dharmazAstra kA eka vizAla evaM mahattva ko rajatapratimA kisI kAMse ke bartana meM rakhakara usakI pUrNa grantha hai / de0 pA0 vA0 kANe : dharmazAstra kA iti pUjA kI jAtI hai| candramA kA nAmoccAraNa karate hue hAsa, bhAga 1 / 28 yA 108 palAza kI samidhAoM se ghI tathA tila ke caturveda svAmI-ye RkasaMhitA ke eka bhASyakAra haiM, sAtha homa karanA caahie| jinakA ullekha sAyaNa ne apane vistRta RgvedabhASya meM candrabhAgA-eka nadI aura tIrtha prAcIna kAla meM cinAva kiyA hai| nadI ( paMjAba ) ko candrabhAgA kahate the / jahA~ yaha sindhu catuHzlokI bhAgavata-mahArASTra bhakta ekanAtha (1608 I0) meM milatI thI vahA~ candrabhAgAtIrtha thaa| yahA~ para kRSNa ke dvArA likhita bhAgavata kA atyanta saMkSipta rUpa / isake bhItara cAra zlokoM meM hI bhAgavata kI sampUrNa kathA putra sAmba ne sUryamandira kI sthApanA kI thii| musalamAnoM dvArA isa tIrtha ke naSTa kara dene para utkala meM isa tIrtha varNita hai| mUla saMskRta meM catuHzlokI bhAgavata kA upadeza nArA kA sthAnAntaraNa huaa| isa nAma kI eka choTI nadI samudra (baMgAla kI khAr3I) meM milatI hai / vahIM navIna candrabhAgA yaNa ne brahmA ko sunAyA thA, jo bhAgavata purANa ke dvitIya tIrtha sthApita huA aura koNArka kA sUryamandira banA / skandha meM uddhRta hai| koNArka kA sUryamandira dhArmika sthApatya kA adbhuta candra-candra yA candramA saura maNDala meM pRthvI kA upagraha namUnA hai| hai / Rgveda ke puruSasUkta ke anusAra yaha virAT puruSa ke mana se utpanna huaa| isalie yaha mana kA svAmI hai|| candramA-pRthvI kA upagraha / veda meM isakI utpatti kA varNana candrakalAtantra-dakSiNAcAra ke anuyAyI vidyAnAtha ne, isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai : jinheM lakSmIdhara bhI kahate haiM, 'saundarya laharI' ke 31 veM candramA manaso jAtazcakSoH sUryo ajAyata / zloka kI TIkA meM 64 tantroM kI tAlikA ke sAtha-sAtha zrotrAdvAyuzca prANazca mukhAdagnirajAyata / / do aura sUciyA~ dI hai| prathama meM 8 mizra tathA dvitIya meM [candramA usa puruSa ke manas arthAt jJAnasvarUpa 5 zubha tantra haiN| unake antargata 'candrakalAtantra' mizra sAmarthya se, tathA usake cakSuoM arthAt tejasvarUpa se sUrya tantra hai| utpanna huA / ....."] candrapa-kurukSetrAntargata brahmasara sarovara ke madhya meM bar3e candravata-varAhaparANa ke anusAra yaha vrata pratyeka dvIpa para yaha ati prAcIna pavitra sthAna hai| yaha kUpa pUrNimA ko pandraha varSa taka kiyA jAtA hai / isake anuSThAna kurukSetra ke cAra pavitra kuoM meM ginA jAtA hai / kapa ke sAtha eka mandira hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yudhiSThira ne candraSaSThI-bhAdra kRSNa SaSThI ko candraSaSThI kahate haiN| mahAbhArata yuddha ke bAda yahA~ para eka vijayastambha banavAyA kapilA SaSThI ke samAna isakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| thA / vaha stambha aba yahA~ nahIM hai / SaSThI ke dina upavAsa kA vidhAna hai /

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candrahAsa Agama-vaha candrahAsa Agama de0 'candrajJAna Agama' / candrArghyadAna - prathama divasa ke candramA ke sAtha jaba rohiNI nakSatra ho, vizeSa rUpa se kArtika mAsa meM candramA ko adhyaM dene se vizeSa puSyoM tathA sukhoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| candrAvatI - isakA prAcIna nAma candrapurI hai / yaha jaina tIrtha hai| jainAcArya candraprabha kA janma yahA~ huA thaa| yaha sthAna vArANasI se 13 mIla dUra par3atA hai| yahA~ pahu~cane ke lie pUrvottara relave ke kAdIpura sTezana para utara kara lagabhaga cAra mIla calanA par3atA hai| yahA~ anya sampradAya ke hindU bhI darzanArtha jAte haiM / candrikA mAdhva saMpradAyAcArya svAmI jayatIrtha kI dArzanika kRti 'tattvaprakAzikA' kI suprasiddha TIkA / isake racayitA svAmI vyAsatIrtha 16 vIM zatI I0 meM hue the| candrikA (2) anubhUtisvarUpAcArya nAmaka vidvAn kA racA huA eka saMskRta vyAkaraNa / pANinivyAkaraNa kI apekSA yaha kucha sarala hai / kahate haiM ki sarasvatI devI kI kRpA se isa grantha ko ukta paMDitajI ne eka rAta meM hI raca diyA thA isalie isakA 'sArasvata vyAkaraNa' nAma par3a gayA / campakacaturdazI zukla pakSa kI caturdazI tithi ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai, jaba sUrya vRSabha rAzi para sthita ho| isameM zivajI ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| campakadvAdazI - jyeSTha zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM campA ke phUloM se bhagavAn govinda kA pUjana karanA cAhie / campASaSThI - bhAdra zukla SaSThI ko, jaba vaidhRti yoga, bhaumavAra tathA vizAkhA nakSatra bhI ho, campApaSThI kahate haiN| isa dina upavAsa karanA caahie| isake sUrya devatA haiM / mArgazIrSa mAsa kI paSThI bhI campASaSThI kahI gayI hai, jaba usa dina ravivAra tathA vaidhRti yoga ho smRtikaustubha 430 tathA ahalyAkAmadhenu ke anusAra donoM tithiyA~ ThIka hai| madanaratna ke anusAra yaha mArgazIrSa zukla SaSThI ravivAra ko par3atI hai jaba zatabhiSA nakSatra ho / prAyaH 30 varSa bAda yaha yoga AtA hai / kucha dharmagranthoM ke anusAra isa dina bhagavAn vizvezvara kA darzana karanA caahie| nirNayasindhu, pRSTha 209 ke anusAra mahArASTra prAnta meM mArgazIrSa zukla SaSThI ko campASaSThI kA vrata kiyA jAtA hai| 261 campU - padya evaM gadya mizrita saMskRta kAvya racanA | 17vIM zatI ke madhya zivaguNa yogI ne vivekacintAmaNi nAmaka eka campU kI racanA kI / yaha vIrazaiva sampradAya se sambandhita grantha hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM rAmAyaNacampU, nalacampU, gopAlacampU, vRndAvanacampU Adi ucca koTi ke sarasa aura dhArmika kAvya haiM / cambA - eka vaiSNava tIrtha | himAcala pradeza meM yaha bhUtapUrva riyAsata hai, jo DalahaujI se 20 mIla dUra rAvI nadI ke taTa para basI huI hai / nagara meM lakSmInArAyaNa kA mandira hai / yahA~ bhagavAn nArAyaNa kI zveta saMgamaramara kI pratimA ati vizAla tathA kalApUrNa hai / camasa - eka pAtra, jo yajJoM ke avasara para somarasa vitaraNa ke kAma AtA thaa| yaha ghRta kI AhUti dene meM bhI prayukta hotA hai| yaha pavitra kASTha, umbara, khadira Adi se banatA hai / caraka - ( 1 ) sarvaprathama isakA artha bhramaNazIla vidvAn athavA vidyArthI thA, jaisA bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM isa zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isa nAma se vizeSatayA kRSNa yajurveda kI eka zAkhA kA bodha hotA hai| (2) mahArAja kaniSka ke samakAlIna vaidya caraka the, jinake dvArA 'carakasaMhitA' kI racanA huii| caraka zAkhA - kRSNa yajurveda kI zAkhAoM meM akele caraka sampradAya kI hI bAraha zAkhAe~ thIM / caraka, Ahvaraka, kaTha, prAcya kaTha, kapiSThala kaTha, ASThala kaTha, cArAyaNIya, vArAyaNIya vArttAntareya, zvetAzvatara, aupamanyava aura maitrAyaNa / caraka zAkhA ke pahale tIna bhAgoM ke nAma IthimikA, madhyamikA aura arimikA hai| caraNapAdukAtIrtha-badarInAtha mandira ke pIche parvata para sIdhe car3hane para caraNapAdukA nAmaka sthAna AtA hai / yahIM se nala lagAkara badarInAtha purI aura mandira meM jala lAyA jAtA hai / yaha jala bhagavAn ke caraNodaka ke samAna pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| bhArata ke anya sthAnoM meM bhI bhagavAn devatA evaM RSi-muniyoM ko caraNapAdukAyeM ( padacihna) vidyamAna haiM / dattAtreya kI caraNapAdukAyeM kAzI ke maNikarNikA ghATa aura giranAra parvata para sthita haiN| cara - cAvala, yaba, mAya Adi se dUdha meM pakAkara bane hue haviSya ko 'caru' kahate haiM, jo devatAoM tathA pitaroM ko arpita kiyA jAtA hai| ,

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262 caraNa - vaidika pAThavalI ke bheda se karmakANDa kI vibhinna zAkhAoM athavA paddhatiyoM ko caraNa kahate haiN| uttara bhArata ke adhikAMza mandiroM meM smArta brAhmaNa mUrti ke pAsa jAkara apane caraNa ke gRhyasUtra ke nirdezAnusAra svataH pUjA kara sakate haiM / ' caraNavyUha - vedoM kI zAkhAoM ke kramAnusAra unake brAhmaNa, AraNyaka, sUtra tathA upaveda Adi kA nirdezaka grantha / yathA caraNavyUha meM kathana hai : dve sahasre zatampUne mantrA vAjasaneyake / tAvattvanyena saMkhyAtaM bAlakhilyaM sayuktikam / brAhmaNasya samAkhyAtaM proktamAnAccaturguNam || [ vAjasaneya arthAt zukla yajurvedasaMhitA meM 1900 maMtra haiM / bAlakhilya zAkhA kA bhI yahI parimANa hai| ina donoM se cAra gunA adhika inake brAhmaNoM kA parimANa hai / ] caraNavyUha ke anusAra vedoM ke cAra upaveda haiM / Rgveda kA Ayurveda, yajurveda kA dhanurveda, sAmaveda kA gAndharvaveda aura atharvaveda kA arthazAstra upaveda hai parantu suzruta aura caraka se avagata hotA hai ki Ayurveda atharvaveda kA upaveda haiM aura arthaveda Rgveda kA caranadAsa - eka yoga-dhyAnasAdhaka saMta / 1730 I0 ke lagabhaga inhoMne eka sampradAya kI sthApanA kI, jise ' carana - dAsI' sampradAya kahate haiM / isa sampradAya kA AdhAra kabIrapantha ke samAna hai / inhoMne dharmopadezamaya aneka hindI kavitA granthoM kI racanA kI hai / caranadAsa bhArgava brAhmaNa tathA alavara ke rahane vAle the / bAda meM ye dillI meM rahane lge| inakI do ziSyAe~ thIM; sahajobAI aura dayAbAI / donoM ne padya meM yoga sambandhI grantha likhe haiN| caranadAsa kA janmasamaya nAgarIpracAriNI sabhA kI khoja ke anusAra saMvat 1760 hai aura 78 varSa kI avasthA meM saMvat 1838 meM inakA dehAvasAna huaa| khoja meM inake nimna grantha mile haiM (1) aSTAMgayoga (2) narasAketa (3) sandehasAgara (4) bhaktisAgara ( 5 ) hariprakAza TIkA (6) amaraloka khaNDadhAma ( 7 ) bhaktipadAratha (8) zabda (9) dAnalIlA (10) manaviraktakarana guTakA (11) rAmamAlA aura (12) jJAnasvarodaya / caranavAsI yaha yogamArgI dhArmika pantha hai| nAtha sampradAya - jaise pA~va hai, vaise hI caranadAsI panya vaiSNava samajhA jAtA hai / parantu isakA mukhya sAdhana haThayogasaMvalita rAjayoga hai| upAsanA meM ye rAdhA-kRSNa kI bhakti karate haiM, parantu yoga kI mukhyatA hone se ise yogamata kA hI eka pantha mAnanA cAhie / isa pantha ke prathamAcArya zukadeva jI kahe jAte haiN| caranadAsa likhate haiM ki mujhako zukadevajI ke darzana hue aura unhoMne mujhe apanA ziSya banAyA aura yoga kI zikSA dI / caraNa- cANakya carpaTanAtha - nAtha sampradAya ke nava nAtha prasiddha haiM / carpaTanAtha unameM se eka haiM / carmaNvatI - eka nadI kA nAma, jo madhya pradeza meM bahatI huI iTAvA (u0 pra0) ke nikaTa yamunA meM milatI hai| purANoM aura mahAbhArata meM isake kinAre para rAjA rantideva dvArA atithiyajJa karane kA ullekha milatA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki balipazuoM ke camar3oM ke puMja se yaha nadI vaha nikalI, isIlie isakA nAma carmaNyatI (Adhunika cambala) par3A / kintu yaha purANoM kI gupta yA sAMketika bhASAzailI kI ukti hai, jisase bar3e-bar3e loga bhramita ho gaye haiN| yahA~ rantideva kI pazubali aura carmarAzi kA artha kelA (kadalI) stambhoM ko kATakara unake phaloM se homa evaM atithisatkAra karanA hai| keloM ke pattoM-chilakoM ko bhI carma kahA jAtA thaa| aise kadalIvana se ukta nadI nirgata huI thii| : caryApAda vaiSNava yA kSaiva saMhitAoM ke cAra khaNDa hai (1) jJAnapAda ( 2 ) yogapAda (3) kriyApAda evaM (4) caryApada | caryApAda meM dhArmika kriyAoM kA varNana hai / zaivAgamoM meM isakA vistRta ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / cAla - yajJayUpa (stambha) ke Upara pahanAye gaye lakar3I ke Dhakkana ko caSAla kahate haiM / cAkSuSa manu-- caudaha manuoM meM se eka manu kA nAma / inake nAma se cAkSuSa manvantara kI kalpanA huI / cANakya rAjanItizAstra ke prasiddha grantha 'kaMTilIya arthazAstra' ke racayitA evaM candragupta maurya ke pradhAna maMtrI / kauTilya, viSNugupta Adi nAmoM se bhI pukArate haiM / ye caNaka nAmaka sthAna ke rahane vAle the, ataH cANakya kahalAye / arthazAstra rAjanIti kA utkaTa grantha hai, jisane paravartI rAjadharma ko prabhAvita kiyaa| cANakya ke -

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cAturmAsya-vAmuNDA nAma se prasiddha eka nItigrantha 'cANakyanIti' bhI pracalita meM usI kAla vibhAga kA anusaraNa kiyA gayA hai jo usa hai / cANakya ne arthazAstra meM vArtA (arthazAstra) tathA daNDa- samaya pracalita thA aura Aja bhI pracalita hai| nIti (rAjyazAsana) ke sAtha AnvIkSikI (tarkazAstra) tathA cAndra vrata-dharmazAstra meM isakI kaI vidhiyA~ pAyI trayI (vaidika granthoM) para bhI kAphI bala diyA hai| artha- jAtI hai : zAstra ke anusAra yaha rAjya kA dharma hai ki vaha dekhe ki (1) amAvasyA ke dina isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai| prajA varNAzrama dharma kA ucita pAlana karatI hai ki nhiiN| eka varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / do kamalade0 'kauTilya' aura 'arthazAstra / puSpoM para sUrya tathA candramA kI pratimAoM kA pUjana karanA cAturmAsya-cAturmAsya se una vaidika yajJoM kA bodha hotA hai, caahie| jo pratyeka Rtu (grISma, varSA, zIta) ke Arambha meM hote the| (2) mArgazIrSa pUrNimA se Arambha karake eka varSaparyanta ye mausama cAra mAsoM ke hote the, ataeva ye utsava cAra isakA anuSThAna karanA cAhie / pratyeka pUrNimA ke dina mahInoM ke antara para kiye jAte the| prathama 'vaizva-deva' upavAsa tathA candramA ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| phAlgunI pUrNimA ko, dvitIya 'varuNa-praghAsa' ASAr3hI (3) kisI bhI pUrNimA ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna pUrNimA ko tathA tIsarA 'zAkamedha' kArtikI pUrNimA ko karanA caahie| 15 varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa hotA hai| manAyA jAtA thaa| ina utsavoM kI kramazaH do aura isa dina nakta bhojana karanA cAhie / isa vrata ke AcaraNa tithiyA~ bhI ho sakatI haiM-caitrI, zrAvaNI evaM AgrahAyaNI se eka sahasra azvamedha yajJa tathA sau rAjasUya yajJoM kA pUrNimA, yA vaizAkhI, bhAdrapadI evaM pauSI pUrNimA / puNya prApta hotA hai| cAturmAsyavrata-varSA ke cAra mahInoM kA saMyukta nAma cAtu (4) isake anuSThAna meM cAndrAyaNa vrata kA AcaraNa syi hai / isameM jo vrata kiyA jAtA hai usako bhI cAtu karanA cAhie / candramA kI suvarNamayI pratimA ke dAna kA isameM vidhAna hai| de0 hemAdri, 2.884; matsya purANa masyi kahA jAtA hai| isa vrata meM vibhinna niyamoM (bhojana tathA kucha AcAra-vyavahAroM ke niSedha) kA pAlana hotA hai|| 101.75; kRtyakalpataru kA vratakANDa, 450 / taila kA sevana tathA mardana, udvartana, tAmbUla tathA gur3a kA cAndrAyaNa vrata-(1) brahmapurANokta yaha vrata pauSa mAsa kI zukla caturdazI ko manAyA jAtA hai| zAstra meM eka aura sevana niSiddha hai| mAMsAhAra, madhu tathA kucha madya jaisI / uttejaka vastue~ tyAjya batalAyI gayI haiN| de0 hemAdri, cAndrAyaNa vrata kA vidhAna hai| candramA ke hrAsa ke sAtha 2.800-861 (kucha aise vratoM kA yahA~ ullekha hai jo AhAra ke grAsoM meM hrAsa aura vRddhi ke sAtha vRddhi karake eka mahIne meM yaha vrata pUrA kiyA jAtA hai / uddezya pApavastutaH cAturmAsya vratoM ke antargata nahIM Ate); samaya mocana hai| ghora aparAdhoM ke prAyazcitta rUpa meM yaha vrata mayUkha, 150-152 / kiyA jAtA hai| cAturAzramika-cAra AzramoM meM se kisI eka meM rahane (2) yaha vrata pUrNimA ke dina Arambha hotA hai| eka vAlA 'cAturAzramika' kahalAtA hai / isase bAhara ke vyakti mAsa taka isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| pratyeka dina anAzramI, Azrametara kahalAte haiN| tarpaNa tathA homa kA vidhAna hai| cAndra tithi-vartamAna cAndra mAsa, tithi Adi paJcAGga kI cAmuNDA-(1) zivapatnI rudrANI ke aneka nAma hai, yathA vidhi ati prAcIna hai aura vaidika kAla se calI AyI devI, umA, gaurI, pArvatI, durgA, bhavAnI, kAlI, kpaahai| kAlAnusAra bIca-bIca meM bar3e-bar3e jyotiSiyoM ne linI evaM cAmuNDA / dUsare devoM kI deviyoM (patniyoM) ke karaNa-grantha likhakara aura saMskAra dvArA saMzodhana karake viparIta inheM dhArmika AcAroM meM atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna isa gaNanA ko ThIka aura zuddha kara rakhA hai| chaH RtuoM kA prApta hai tathA ziva se kucha hI kama mahattva inakA hai| vibhAjana usI taraha subhIte ke lie huA, jisa taraha inako pati ke samAna sthAna ziva ke yugala (advaita) rUpa cAndra mAsa 30 tithiyoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA / vedAMgajyotiSa arddhanArIzvara meM prApta hotA hai, jisameM dakSiNa bhAga ziva

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264 cAmuNDA tantra-cArvAka kA evaM vAma devI kA hai / devI ke aneka nAmoM evaM guNoM hai, jisako loga AtmA kahate haiN| zarIra jaba vinaSTa ho (dayAlu, bhayAnaka, krUra evaM adamya) se yaha pratIta hotA hai jAtA hai to caitanya bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra ki ziva ke samAna ye bhI aneka daivI zaktiyoM ke saMyoga jIva ina bhUtoM se utpanna hokara inhI bhUtoM meM naSTa ho se banI haiN| jAtA hai / ataH caitanyaviziSTa deha hI AtmA hai / deha se (2) maisUra (karnATaka) meM cAmuNDA kA prasiddha mandira hai atirikta AtmA hone kA koI pramANa nahIM hai| usake jahA~ bahusaMkhyaka yAtrI pUjA ke lie jAte haiN| mata se strI-putrAdi ke AliGgana se utpanna sukha puruSArtha (3) caNDa aura muNDa nAmaka rAkSasoM ke badha ke lie hai| saMsAra meM khAnA, pInA aura sukha se rahanA durgA se cAmuNDA kI utpatti kisa prakAra huI, isakA cAhie : varNana mArkaNDeyapurANa meM isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai: ambikA yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIved RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pivet / (durgA) ke krodha se kuJcita lalATa se eka kAlI aura bhasmIbhUtasya dehasya punarAgamanaM kutaH // bhayaMkara devI utpanna huii| isake hAtha meM khaDga aura pAza [jaba taka jInA cAhie sukhapUrvaka jInA caahie| yadi tathA naramuNDa se alaMkRta vizAla gadA thI / vaha zuSka, jIrNa apane pAsa sAdhana nahIM hai to dUsaroM se RNa lekara bhI tathA bhayAnaka hasticarma pahane hue thii| mukha phailA huA mauja karanA caahie| zmazAna meM zarIra ke jala jAne para aura jihvA lapalapAtI thii| usakI A~kheM raktima aura kisane usako lauTate gAte kisane usako lauTate hue dekhA hai ? ] paraloka vA svarga usake bhayaMkara zabda se AkAza bhara rahA thaa|' isa devI Adi kA sukha puruSArtha nahIM hai, kyoMki ye pratyakSa nahIM haiM / ne donoM rAkSasoM kA vadha karake unake ziroM ko durgA ke isake anusAra jo loga paraloka ke svargasukha ko amizra sammukha arpita kiyaa| durgA ne kahA, "tuma donoM rAkSasoM zuddha sukha mAnate haiM ve AkAza meM prAsAda racate haiM, kyoMki ke saMkucita samasta nAma 'cAmuNDA' se prasiddha hogii|" paraloka to hai hI nhiiN| phira usakA sukha kaisA ? use cAmuNDAtantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta tantroM meM se prApta karane ke yajJAdi upAya vyartha haiN| vedAdi dhUrtoM aura eka tantra 'cAmuNDAtantra' hai| isameM cAmuNDA ke svarUpa svArthiyoM kI racanAyeM haiM ( trayo vedasya kartAraH dhUrta-bhANDatathA pUjAvidhi kA savistara varNana hai| nizAcarAH ), jinhoMne logoM se dhana pAne ke lie ye cArAyaNIya kAThakadharmasUtra-kRSNa yajurveda kI eka prAcIna sabjabAga dikhAye haiN| yajJa meM mArA huA pazu yadi svarga zAkhA 'cArAyaNIya kAThaka' hai| isa zAkhA ke dharmasUtra se ko jAyegA to yajamAna apane pitA ko hI usa yajJa meM viSNusmRti ke gadyasUtroM kI sAmagrI lI gayI jJAta hotI kyoM nahIM mAratA? mare hue prANiyoM kI tRpti kA sAdhana hai| kintu kucha niyama badale aura kucha naye bhI jor3e yadi zrAddha hotA hai to videza jAne vAle puruSoM ke rAhagaye haiN| kharca ke vAste vastuoM ko le jAnA bhI vyartha hai| yahA~ kisI cArvAka-nAstika ( vedabAhya ) darzana chaH haiM-cArvAka, brAhmaNa ko bhojana karA de yA dAna de de, jahA~ rAste meM mAdhyamika, yogAcAra, sautrAntika, vaibhASika evaM Ahata / Avazyaka hogA vahIM vaha vastu usako mila jaaygii| ina sabameM veda se asammata siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana hai| jagat meM manuSya prAyaH dRSTa phala ke anurAgI hote haiM / inameM se cArvAka avaidika aura lokAyata (bhautikavAdI) nItizAstra aura kAmazAstra ke anusAra artha va kAma ko donoM hai| hI puruSArtha mAnate haiN| pAralaukika sukha ko prAyaH nahIM cArvAka kevala pratyakSavAdI hai, vaha anumAna Adi any| mAnate / kahate haiM ki kisane paraloka vA vahA~ ke sukha ko pramANoM ko nahIM maantaa| usake mata se pRthvI, jala, teja dekhA hai ? yaha saba managaDhanta bAteM haiM, satya nahIM haiM / jo aura vAyu ye cAra hI tattva haiM, jinase saba kucha banA hai| pratyakSa hai vahI satya hai| isa mata kA eka dUsarA nAma, usake mata meM AkAza tattva kI sthiti nahIM hai| inhIM jaisA ki pahale likhA jA cukA hai, lokAyata bhI hai| cAroM tattvoM ke mela se yaha deha banI hai| inake vizeSa isakA artha hai 'loka meM sthit'| lokoM-janoM meM prakAra ke saMyojana mAtra se deha meM caitanya utpanna ho jAtA Ayata phailA huA mata hI lokAyata hai| arthAt artha

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cArvAkadarzana- citrabhAnuvrata kAma ko hI puruSArtha mAnane vAle manuSyoM meM yaha mata phailA huA hai| yadyapi cArvAka kA nAma prasiddha nahIM hai tathApi usakA mata aura usakA tarka bahuta phaile hue, vyApaka haiM / pAzcAtya dezoM meM isa prakAra kA tarka mAnane vAle bahuta loga haiN| yaha mata Adhunika dvandvAtmaka bhautikavAda se milatA julatA hai, kevala tarka aura yukti para AdhArita hai / paravartI dArzanika sampradAyoM ke Upara isake AghAta kA yaha prabhAva huA ki ina sampradAyoM ne apane tarkapakSa ko paryApta vikasita kiyA, jisase ve isake AkSepoM kA uttara de sakeM aura isakA khaNDana kara sakeM / cArvAkadarzana sampradAya ke rUpa meM bhArata meM bahuta pracalita nahIM huA / ( pUrNa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha', prathama adhyAya / ) cArvAkadarzana de0 'cArvAka' / citta- pataJjali ke anusAra mana, buddhi aura ahaMkAra tInoM se milakara citta banatA hai| citta kI pA~ca vRttiyA~ hotI - pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa nidrA aura smRti citta kIkSita, mUDha, vikSipta, niruddha evaM ekAgra ye pA~ca prakAra kI bhUmiyA~ hotI haiN| Arambha kI tIna cittabhUmiyoM meM yoga nahIM ho sakatA, kevala antima do meM ho sakatA hai| } cittavRttiyoM ke nirodha kA hI nAma yoga hai / pataJjali aSTAGgayoga kA varNana kiyA hai| ye ATha aMga haiMyama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi / yoga kA aMtima caraNa samAdhi hai / isakA uddezya hai citta ke nirodha se AtmA kA apane svarUpa meM laya / citaur3agar3ha isakA prAcIna nAma citrakUTa thaa| yahA~ pahale pAzupata pITha thaa| medapATa ke sisaudiyA vaMza ke rAjAoM ke samaya meM isakI bar3I pratiSThA bddh'ii| purAne udayapura rAjya kA yaha yazasvI durga hai| yaha bhArata kA mahAn aitihAsika tathA sAMskRtika tIrtha hai| yahA~ kA kaNa-kaNa mAtRbhUmi kI rakSA ke lie tathA hindutva ke gaurava kI rakSA ke lie raktasicita hai| durga ke bhItara mahArANA pratApa kA janmasthAna, rAnI padminI, pannA dhAya tathA mIrAbAI ke mahala, kIrtistambha, jayastambha, jaTAzaMkara mahAdeva kA mandira, gomukha kuNDa, rAnI padminI tathA anya rAjapUta 34 265 vIrAGganAoM kI vistRta citAbhUmi, kAlI mAtA kA mandira Adi darzanIya sthAna haiM / citrakUTa- yaha uttara pradeza ke bA~dA jile meM karavI sTezana ke pAsa payasvinI ke taTa para sthita ati ramya sthAna hai / citrakUTa kA sabase bar3A mAhAtmya yaha hai ki bhagavAn rAma ne banavAsa ke samaya vahA~ nivAsa kiyA thaa| citrakUTa sadA se tapobhUmi rahA hai| maharSi atri-anasUyA kA yahA~ Azrama hai, jahA~ se madhya pradeza laga jAtA hai / yahA~ tapasvI, bhagavadbhakta, virakta mahApuruSa sadA rahate Aye haiM / citraguptapUjA - yamadvitIyA ko prAtaHkAla savere citragupta Adi caudaha yamoM kI pUjA hotI hai / isake bAda bahinoM ke ghara bhAI ke bhojana karane kI prathA bahuta purAnI hai| isa dina bahineM zApa ke vyAja se bhAI ko AzIrvAda detI haiM / zApa dene kA uddezya yamarAja ko dhokhA denA hai| zApa se bhAI ko marA huA jAnakara vaha usa para AkramaNa nahIM karatA / kAyasthoM kA yaha vizvAsa hai ki citragupta unake pUrvaja haiM / ataH isa dina ve unakI vidhivat pUjA karate haiM / citragupta yamarAja ke lekhaka mAne jAte haiM, ataH unakI kalama-davAta kI bhI pUjA hotI hai / citradIpa -- vidyAraNya svAmI dvArA viracita paJcadazI advaita vedAnta kA eka prasiddha grantha hai / isake citradIpa nAmaka prakaraNa meM unhoMne cetana ke viSaya meM kahA hai ki ghaTAkAza, mahAkAza jalAkAza evaM meghAkAza ke samAna kUTastha, brahA, jIva aura Izvara-bheda se cetana cAra prakAra kA hai / vyApaka AkAza kA nAma mahAkAza hai, ghaTAvacchinna AkAza ko ghaTAkAza kahate haiM, ghaTa meM jo jala hai usameM pratibimvita honevAle AkAza ko jalAkAza kahate haiM aura megha ke jala meM pratibimbita honevAle AkAza kA nAma meghAkAza hai / inhIM ke samAna jo akhaNDa aura vyApaka zuddha cetana hai usakA nAma brahma hai, deharUpa upAdhi se paricchinna cetana ko kUTastha kahate haiM, dehAntargata avidyA meM pratibimbita cetana kA nAma jIva hai aura mAyA meM prativimbita cetana ko Izvara kahate haiM / citrapaTa - appaya dIkSitakRta mImAMsAviSayaka granthoM meM se eka citrapaTa hai / yaha grantha aprakAzita hai / citrabhAnuvrata - zukla pakSa kI saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| raktima sugandhita puSpoM se tathA

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266 citrabhAnupadadvayavrata-cidambaram ghRtadhArA se sUrya kA pUjana hotA hai / isase acche svAsthya meM zrIharSa ne nyAyamata kA khaNDana kiyA thaa| terahavIM kI upalabdhi hotI hai| zatAbdI ke Arambha meM gaGgeza ne zrIharSa ke mata ko khaMDita citrabhAnupadadvayavrata-uttarAyaNa ke prArambha se anta taka isa kara nyAyazAstra ko punaH pratiSThita kiyaa| dUsarI ora kA anuSThAna hotA hai / yaha ayana vrata hai| isameM sUrya kI dvaitavAdI vaiSNava AcArya bhI advaita mata kA khaNDana kara rahe pUjA hotI hai| the| aise samaya meM citsukhAcArya ne advaitamata kA samarthana citramImAMsA-appaya dIkSitakRta alaGkAra zAstra-viSayaka aura nyAya Adi matoM kA khaNDana karake zAGkara mata kI grantha / isameM arthacitra kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / isakA rakSA kii| unhoMne isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie 'tattva pradIpikA', 'nyAyamakaranda' kI TIkA aura 'khaNDanakhaNDakhaNDana karane ke lie paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne 'citramImAMsA khAdya' kI TIkA likhI / apanI pratibhA ke kAraNa citsukhaNDana' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI kii| citramImAMsAkhaNDana-paNDitarAja jagannAthakRta yaha grantha appaya khAcArya ne thor3e hI samaya meM bahuta pratiSThA prApta kara lii| dIkSita kRta 'citramImAMsA' nAmaka alaGkAra zAstra viSa citsukha bhI advaitavAda ke stambha mAne jAte haiN| paravartI AcAryoM ne unake vAkyoM ko pramANa ke rUpa meM uddhRta yaka grantha ke khaNDanArtha likhA gayA hai| kiyA hai| citrazikhaNDI RSi-sapta RSiyoM kA sAmUhika naam| pAJca citsukho-citsukhAcArya dvArA racita 'tattvapradIpikA' kA rAtra zAstra sAta citrazikhaNDI RSiyoM dvArA saGkalita hai, jo saMhitAoM kA pUrvavartI evaM unakA pathapradarzaka hai / ina dUsarA nAma 'citsukhI' hai / yaha advaita vedAnta kA samarthaka, RSiyoM ne vedoM kA niSkarSa nikAlakara pAJcarAtra nAma kA . uccakoTi kA dArzanika grantha hai| zAstra taiyAra kiyaa| ye saptarSi svAyambhuva manvantara ke citA-mRtaka ke dAhasaMskAra ke lie jor3I haI lakar3iyoM marIci, aGgirA, atri, palastya, palaha, kratu aura vasiSTha haiN| kA samUha / gRhyasUtroM meM citAkarma kA pUrA vivaraNa pAyA isa zAstra meM dharma, artha, kAma evaM mokSa cAroM puruSArthoM kA jAtA hai / vivecana hai| Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda tathA aGgirA cidacidIzvaratattvanirUpaNa-viziSTAdvaita sampradAya kA dArzaRSi ke atharvaveda ke AdhAra para isa grantha meM pravRtti aura nika grantha / varadanAyaka surikRta (16vIM zatAbdI kA) yaha nivRtti mArgoM kI carcA hai| donoM mArgoM kA yaha AdhArastambha grantha jIva, jagat aura Izvara ke sambandha meM vicAra upahai / nArAyaNa kA kathana hai-"haribhakta vasurAja uparicara sthita karatA hai| isa grantha ko bRhaspati se sIkhegA aura usake anusAra cidambarama yaha sudUra dakSiNa bhArata kA ati prasiddha calegA, parantu isake pazcAt yaha grantha naSTa ho jaaygaa|" zaiva tIrtha hai| yaha madrAsa-dhanuSakoTi mArga meM billupuram se citrazikhaNDI RSiyoM kA . yaha grantha Ajakala upalabdha 50 mIla dUra avasthita hai| suprasiddha 'naTarAja ziva' yahIM nahIM hai| virAjamAna haiN| zaGkarajI ke paJcatattva liGgoM meM se AkAzacitsukhAcArya-AcArya citsukha kA prAdurbhAva terahavIM zatAbdI liGa cidambarama meM hI mAnA jAtA hai / mandira kA gherA meM huA thA / unhoMne 'tattvapradIpikA' nAmaka vedAnta grantha 100 bIghe kA hai| pahale ghere ke pazcAt dUsare ghere meM meM nyAyalIlAvatIkAra vallabhAcArya ke mata kA khaNDana uttuGga gopura hai, jo nau maMjila kA hai, usa para nATyazAstra kiyA hai, jo bArahavIM zatAbdI meM hue the / usa khaNDana meM ke anusAra vibhinna nRtyamudrAoM kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiM / mandira unhoMne zrIharSa ke mata ko uddhRta kiyA hai, jo isa meM nRtya karate hue bhagavAn zaGkara kI bahuta sundara svarNamUrti zatAbdI ke anta meM hue the| unake janmasthAna Adi ke hai| isake sammukha sabhAmaNDapa hai| kaI prakoSThoM ke bhItara bAre meM koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| unhoMne 'tattvapradIpikA' bhagavAn zaGkara kI liGgamaya mUrti hai / yahI cidambarama kA ke maGgalAcaraNa meM apane guru kA nAma jJAnottama likhA hai| mala vigraha hai| maharSi vyAghrapAda tathA pataJjali ne isI jina dinoM inakA AvirbhAva huA thA, una dinoM nyAya- mati kI arcA kI thI, jisase prasanna hokara bhagavAn zaGkara mata (tarkazAstra) kA jora bar3ha rahA thaa| dvAdaza zatAbdI ne tANDavanRtya kiyaa| usI nRtya ke smAraka rUpa meM nada

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cidAnanva-caitanyacandrodaya 267 rAja kI yahA~ sthApanA huI, aisI anuzruti hai / dhArmika yahA~ kI ramya ekAnta sthalI meM vallabhAcAryajI ne bhagavistAra aura kalA kI abhivyakti donoM hI dRSTiyoM se yaha vAn kI ArAdhanA kI thii| usakI smRti meM 'mahAprabhujI mandira apUrva hai| kI baiThaka sthApita hai| isase vaiSNava bhI ise apanA tIrtha isI cidambarapura ke nivAsI umApati nAmaka eka / mAnate haiN| brAhmaNa zUdra santa maraI jJAnasambandha ke ziSya ho gaye the, cUlikopaniSad--isa upaniSad meM sezvara sAMkhyayoga siddhAnta jisake kAraNa unako jAti se nikAla diyA gyaa| kintu saralatA se prastuta kiyA gayA hai| cUlikA kA sAMkhya mata guru kI kRpA se umApati bahata bar3e saiddhAntika granthoM ke praNetA maitrAyaNI ke nikaTa pratIta hotA hai, ataeva ye donoM uphue| unhoMne aneka grantha race jinameM se ATha to siddhAnta niSadeM (calikA evaM maitrAyaNI) lagabhaga eka hI kAla ko zAstroM meM se haiN| Age calakara inakA nAma umApati zivA- racanAyeM haiN| cArya huaa| cetana-AtmA kA eka paryAya / isakA artha hai 'cetanA rakhane cidAnanda-mAdhva vaiSNavoM ke itihAsa meM aThArahavIM zatI ke / vAlA / ' cidUpa hone se AtmA kA yaha nAma huA / puruSamadhya kaI ananya bhagavatpremI kavi hue, jinhoMne bhagavAn sUkta ke caturtha mantra meM puruSa ke rUpa evaM kAryoM ke varNana kRSNa kI stuti ke gIta kannar3a bhASA meM likhe the| inameM meM kathita hai 'tato vizvaM vyakrAmat', arthAt yaha nAnA prakAra eka the cidAnanda dAsa, jinakA kannar3a grantha 'haribhakti kA jagat usI puruSa ke sAmarthya se utpanna huA hai / vaha rasAyana' ati prasiddha hai| inakA 'harikathAsAra' nAmaka do prakAra kA hai; eka 'sAzana' arthAt cetana, jo ki anya kannar3a grantha bhI saiddhAntika grantha samajhA jAtA hai| bhojanAdi ke lie ceSTA karatA hai aura jIvasaMyukta hai / cintAmaNitantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM dI gayI 64 tantroM dUsarA 'anazana', arthAt jo jaDa hai aura bhojya hone ke kI sUcI meM isakA 33vA krama hai / tantra ke vibhinna aGgoM lie banA hai, kyoMki usameM jJAna nahIM hai, vaha apane Apa para isase prakAza par3atA hai| ceSTA bhI nahIM kara sktaa| AtmA sabhI darzanoM meM cetana cintya-(1) aTThAIsa AgamoM meM se eka zaiva Agama mAnA gayA hai| caitanya usakA guNa hai| caitanya (1)-Astika darzanoM ke anusAra caitanya AtmA kA 'cintya' nAmaka bhI hai| guNa hai| cArvAka tathA anya nAstika matoM ke anusAra (2) ddhi kA viSaya sampUrNa sthUla vizva cintya caitanya AtmA kA guNa na hokara prAkRtika tattvoM ke saMghAta (cintA kA viSaya ) kahalAtA hai| isase viparIta brahma se utpanna hotA hai / jar3avAda ke anusAra pRthvI, jala, teja tattva acintya hai| aura vAyu ye cAra hI tattva hai jinase vizva meM saba kucha cunAra-vArANasI se pazcima gaMgAtaTavartI 'caraNAdri' nAmaka banA hai| inhIM cAroM tattvoM ke mela se deha banatI hai| eka pahAr3I kilA / yaha mirjApura jile meM gaMgA ke dAhine jina vastuoM ke mela se madirA banAyI jAtI hai unako taTa para sthita pavitra tIrthasthala mAnA jAtA hai| pRthak-pRthak karane se nazA nahIM hotA, kintu saMyoga se isakI sthiti ( bhagavAna ke ) caraNa ke AkAra kI hai, nirmita madirA se hI mAdakatA utpanna hotI hai / usI taraha ataH isakA nAma caraNA dri pdd'aa| sthAnIya paramparA ke cAroM tattvoM kI pRthak sthiti meM caitanya nahIM mAlUma anusAra isakA dezaja nAma caraNAdri se cunAra ho gayA hai| hotA, kintu inake eka meM mila jAne se hI zarIra meM loga ise rAjA bhartRhari kI tapobhUmi aura durga meM sthita caitanya utpanna ho jAtA hai| zarIra jaba vinaSTa ho jAtA mandira ko rAjA vikramAditya kA banavAyA mAnate haiN| hai to usake sAtha-sAtha caitanya guNa bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai| mandira itanA prAcIna nahIM jAna par3atA / parantu gahar3avAla caitanya (2)-de0 'kRSNa caitanya' / rAjavaMza ke samaya taka kaMtita (kAntipurI) aura caraNAdri saMnyAsa Azrama ke 'dasanAmI' varga ke antargata dIkSita donoM mahattvapUrNa sthAna the / cunAra durga kA mahattva to pUre hone vAle ziSya kA yaha eka upanAma bhI hai| madhyakAla taka banA rhaa| prAyaH pratyeka durga eka prakAra caitanyacandrodaya-saM0 1625 vi0 ke lagabhaga baGgAla meM kA zAktapITha mAnA jAtA thaa| dhArmika navajAgaraNa huA tathA mahAprabhu kRSNa caitanya ke

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268 caitanyacarita-caitanya sampradAya jIvanavRttAnta para bhI katipaya grantha kucha varSoM meM race gaye / 'caitanyacandrodaya' unameM se eka hai| yaha kavi karNapUra dvArA racita saMskRta nATaka hai / isakA nAma 'prabodhacandrodaya' nAmaka AdhyAtmika nATaka ke anusAra rakhA gayA pratIta hotA hai| caitanyacarita-murAri gupta racita yaha mahAprabhu kRSNa caitanya kI jIvanalIlA kA saMskRta meM varNana hai| isakI racanA saM0 1629 vi0 meM huI thii| caitanyacaritAmRta-ba~galA bhASA meM kRSNadAsa kavirAja kRta mahAprabhu kRSNa caitanya ke jIvana se sambandhita yaha eka kAvya grantha hai / racanAkAla saM0 1638 vi0 hai / ise kavi- rAja ne nau varSoM ke parizrama se uttara pradezastha vRndAvana (rAdhAkuNDa) meM taiyAra kiyA thaa| yaha grantha bar3A zikSApUrNa hai tathA caitanyajIvana para sarvottama lokapriya racanA hai / ise sampradAya ke aneka bhakta loga kaMThastha kara lete haiN| zrI dinezacandra sena ke mata se caitanya sampradAya ke lie yaha grantha bahuta prAmANika aura ati mahattva kA hai| caitanyadeva-de0 'kRSNa caitanya' / caitanyabhAgavata-mahAtmA vRndAvanadAsa racita yaha grantha ba~galA kAvya meM caitanyadeva kA sundara jIvanacarita hai| isakI racanA saM0 1630 vi0 meM huii| caitanyamaGgala-kavivara locanadAsa kRta yaha grantha bhI caitanyajIvana kA hI baMga bhASA meM varNana karatA hai| isakI racanA saM0 1632 vi0 meM huii| caitanyasampradAya-(kRSNa caitanya zabda kI vyAkhyA meM caitanya kA jIvanavRttAnta dekhie / ) caitanya kI paramapada-prApti saM0 1590 vi0 meM huI tathA 1590 se 1617 vi0 taka baMgAla kA vaiSNava sampradAya caitanya ke viyoga se zokAkula rhaa| sAhityaracanA tathA saMgIta mRtaprAya se ho gaye, kintu caitanya sampradAya jIvita rahA / nityAnanda ne isakI vyavasthA saMbhAlI evaM caritra kI niyamAvalI sabake samakSa rkhii| unakI mRtyu para unake putra vIracandra ne pitA ke kArya ko hAtha meM liyA tathA eka hI dina meM 2500 bauddha saMnyAsI tathA saMnyAsiniyoM ko caitanya sampradAya meM dIkSita kara DAlA / caitanya kI mRtyu ke kucha pUrva se hI rUpa, sanA- tana tathA dUsare kaI bhakta vRndAvana meM rahane lage the tathA caitanya sampradAya kI sImA ba~gAla se bAhara bar3hane lagI thii| caitanya ke chaH sAthI-rUpa, sanAtana, unake bhatIje jIva, raghunAthadAsa, gopAla bhaTTa evaM raghunAtha bhaTTa 'gosvAmI' kahalAte the / 'gosvAmI' se dhArmika netA kA bodha hotA thaa| ye loga zikSA dete, par3hAte aura dUsare matAvalambiyoM ko apane sampradAya meM dIkSita karate the| inhoMne apane sampradAya ke dhArmika niyamoM se sambandhita aneka grantha likhe / bhakti, darzana, upAsanA, bhASya, nATaka, gIta Adi viSayoM para bhI unhoMne racanA kii| ye racanAe~ sampradAya ke dainika jIvana, pUjA evaM vizvAsa Adi para dhyAna rakhate hue likhI gayI thiiN| ukta gosvAmiyoM ke lie yaha bar3A hI zubha avasara thA ki unake vRndAvana-vAsa kAla meM akabara bAdazAha bhArata kA zAsaka thA tathA usakI dhArmika udAratA ke kAraNa inhoMne aneka mandira vRndAvana meM banavAye aura aneka rAjapUta rAjAoM se Arthika sahAyatA prApta kii| ___ satrahavIM zatI ke prArambhika 40 varSI meM caitanya Andolana ne baMgAla meM aneka gItakAra utpanna kiye| unameM sabase bar3e govindadAsa the| jJAnadAsa, balarAmadAsa, yadunandana dAsa evaM rAjA vIrahambIra ne bhI acche granthoM kI racanA kii| aThArahavIM zatI ke Arambha meM baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ne vedAntasUtra para sampradAya ke lie bhASya likhA, jise unhoMne 'govindabhASya' nAma diyA tathA 'acintya bhedAbheda' usake dArzanika siddhAnta kA nAma rakhA / caitanya sampradAya meM jAti-pA~ti kA bheda nahIM hai / koI bhI vyakti isakA sadasya ho sakatA hai, pUjA kara sakatA hai tathA grantha par3ha sakatA hai| phira bhI vivAha ke niyama evaM brAhmaNa ke pujArI hone kA niyama akSuNNa thaa| kevala prArambhika netAoM ke vaMzaja hI gosvAmI kahalAte the| inhIM niyamoM se aneka maTha evaM mandiroM kI vyavasthA hotI thii| caitanya dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM meM se bhAratI zAkhA ke saMnyAsI the| unake kucha sAthiyoM ne bhI saMnyAsa grahaNa kiyaa| kintu nityAnanda tathA vIracandra ne Adhunika sAdhuoM ke sarala anuzAsana ko janma diyA, jisake antagata vaiSNava sAdhu vairAgI tathA vairAginI kalahAne lge| aisA hI pahale svAmI rAmAnanda ne kiyA thaa| isa sampradAya meM hajAroM bhraSTa zAkta, aura bauddha Akara dIkSita hue| phalataH bahuta bar3I azuddhatA sampradAya meM bhI A gayI / Ajakala isa sAdhuzAkhA kA AcaraNa sudhara gayA hai /

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caitra-caula (cUDAkaraNa) 269 inake mandiroM meM mukhya mUrtiyA~ kRSNa tathA rAdhA kI 'hita' thA jise unhoMne isa grantha ke Arambha meM jor3a hotI hai, kintu caitanya, advaita tathA nityAnanda kI mUrtiyoM diyA hai / inakA samaya 1536 vi0 ke lagabhaga hai| hitakI bhI pratyeka mandira meM sthApanA hotI hai| kahIM-kahIM to caurAsI tathA sphuTa pada donoM hI vrajabhASA meM race gaye kevala caitanya kI hI mUrti rahatI hai / saMkIrtana inakA mukhya haiN| 'hitajI' kI ukta racanAeM bar3I madhura evaM rAdhAkRSNa dhArmika evaM dainika kArya hai| kIrtanIya (pradhAna gAyaka) ke premarasa se paripUrNa haiN| mandira ke jagamohana meM karatAla evaM mRdaMga vAdakoM ke caurAsI vaiSNavana kI vArtA-vallabha sampradAya ke antargata bIca nAcatA huA kIrtana karatA hai| adhikatara 'gaura- vrajabhASA meM kucha aise grantha haiM, jo kRSNacaritra sambandhI candrikA' kA gAyana eka sAtha kiyA jAtA hai| saMkIrtana- kathAoM ke prematattva para adhika bala dete haiN| inameM sabase dala vyaktigata gharoM meM bhI saMkIrtana karatA hai| mukhya gosvAmI gokulanAthajI kI saMgraharacanA "caurAsI caitra-isa mAsa ke sAmAnya kRtyoM ke lie dekhie kRtya vaiSNavana kI vArtA" hai jo 1608 vi0 saM0 meM likhI gayI / ina vArtAoM se aneka bhakta kaviyoM ke aitihAsika kAlaratnAkara, 83-144; nirNayasindhu, 81-90 / kucha mahattva krama nirdhAraNa meM sahAyatA milatI hai / pUrNa vratoM kA anyatra bhI parigaNana kiyA gayA hai| zukla pratipadA kalpAdi tithi hai / isa dina se prArambha kara cAra caurAsI siddha-bauddha dharma kI vajrayAna zAkhA ke antargata mAsa taka jaladAna karanA caahie| zukla dvitIyA ko| caurAsI siddha bahuta prasiddha haiN| inameM kucha haThayoga ke umA, ziva tathA agni kA pUjana honA caahie| zukla abhyAsI zaiva santa bhI gine jAte haiN| inake samaya taka tRtIyA manvAdi tithi hai / usI dina matsyajayantI manAnI bauddha santa dharma, prajJA, zIla tathA samAdhi kA mArga chodd'caahie| caturthI ko gaNezajI kA laDDuoM se pUjana kara camatkArika siddhiyoM kI prApti meM laga gaye the| honA caahie| paJcamI ko lakSmIpUjana tathA nAgoM ke nIti aura aucitya kA vicAra inakI sAdhanA meM nahIM pUjana kA bhI vidhAna hai| SaSThI ke lie dekhie 'skanda thaa| siddhoM meM sabhI vargoM ke loga sammilita the| ataH sssstthii|' saptamI ko damanaka paudhe se sUryapUjana kI vidhi / inameM brAhmaNoM ke AcAra-vicAra kA pAlana nahIM hotA hai| aSTamI ko bhavAnIyAtrA hotI hai / isa dina brahmaputra thaa| inameM se bahuta se surApI aura parastrIsevI the| ye nadI meM snAna kA mahattva hai / navamI ko bhadrakAlI kI pUjA mAMsa Adi kA bhI sevana karate the| rajakI, bhillanI, hotI hai| dazamI ko damanaka paudhe se dharmarAja kI pUjA DominI Adi inakI sAdhikAeM thiiN| siddha inameM se kA vidhAna hai| zakla ekAdazI ko kRSNa bhagavAn kA kisI eka ko mAdhyama banAkara aura usake sahayoga se dolotsava tathA damanaka se RSiyoM kA pUjana hotA hai| vAmamArgIya upacAra karake yakSiNI, DAkinI, karNapizA cinI Adi ko siddha karate the| yaha sakAma sAdhanA thii| mahilAe~ kRSNapatnI rukmiNI kA pUjana bhI karatI haiM tathA sandhyA kAla meM sabhI dizAoM meM paJcagavya pheMkatI haiN| inameM se kucha niSkAma nirguNa brahma ke bhI upAsaka the, jo dhyAna dvArA zUnyatA meM lIna ho jAte the| ina siddhoM meM dvAdazI ko damanakotsava manAyA jAtA hai| trayodazI ko nAropA, tilopA, mInapA, jAlandharapA Adi prasiddha haiN| kAmadeva kI pUjA campA ke puSpoM tathA candana lepa se kI siddhoM ke camatkAra loka meM pracalita the| siddhoM ne apajAtI hai| caturdazI ko nRsiMhadolotsava manAyA jAtA hai / bhraMza athavA prArambhika hindI meM apane priya viSayoM para damanaka paudhe se ekavIra, bhairava tathA ziva kI pUjA kI prArambhika padyaracanA bhI kI hai| jAtI hai| pUrNimA ko manvAdi, hanumajjayantI tathA cola cUr3AkaraNa)-prathama muNDana yA cUr3AkaraNa saMskAra ko vaizAkha snAnArambha kiyA jAtA hai| caula kahate haiM / yaha bAlaka ke janma ke tIsare varSa athavA caurAsI pada-rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke saMsthApaka gosvAmI janma ke eka varSa ke bhItara kiyA jAtA hai / AzvalAyana harivaMzajI ne tIna grantha likhe the-'rAdhAsudhAnidhi', gRhyasUtra ( 1.4 ) ke anusAra yaha saMskAra zubha muhUrta meM 'caurAsI pada' evaM 'sphuTa pd'| caurAsI pada kA anya viSama varSa meM honA cAhie / isameM brAhmaNa purohita, nAI nAma 'hita caurAsI' bhI hai| harivaMzajI kA upanAma evaM dUsare sambandhI AmaMtrita kiye jAte haiM / bAlaka mAtA

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270 cyavana-chatra pitA dvArA maMDapa meM lAyA jAtA hai tathA donoM ke bIca vaidika kAla kI apekSA kama mahattvapUrNa raha gayI baiThatA hai| purohita bAlaka ke pitA se saMkalpa tathA navagraha- hai / phira bhI sUryapUjA kA prabhAva hai / ur3IsA meM purI ke homa karAtA hai| punaH vaha bAlaka ke nikaTa eka vargAkAra samIpa koNArka tathA gayA meM sUryamandira hai| pratyeka cihna banAtA tathA lAla miTTI se use cihnita karake usa ravivAra ko sUryopAsaka mAMsa, machalI nahIM khAte tathA isa para cAvala chir3akatA hai| bAlaka phira usa vargAkAra cihna dina ko ati pavitra mAnate haiM / kAttika mAsa ke ravivAra ke pAsa baiThatA tathA nAI usake keza, apane asture kI vihAra evaM baMgAla meM sUryopAsanA ke lie ati mahattvapUrNa pUjA hone ke pazcAt utAratA hai| bIca meM kevala vaha mAne jAte haiN| eka kezasamUha chor3a detA hai jo kabhI nahIM kATA jAtA sUryadeva ke sammAna meM vihAra meM kAttika zukla SaSThI aura jise zikhA kahate haiN| utsava kA anta bhoja eva ke dina eka parva manAyA jAtA hai| usa dina saryopAsaka brAhmaNoM ko dAna dekara kiyA jAtA hai| loga vrata karate haiM tathA asta hote hue sUrya ko arghya dete __isa saMskAra kA prayojana kezapariSkAra evaM keza alaM- haiM, punaH dUsare dina prAtaH udaya hote hue sUrya ko arghya karaNa hai| Ayarveda meM isa bAta kA ullekha hai ki jahA~ dete haiM / yaha kArya kisI nadI ke jala meM yA tAlAba ke dete haiM / yaha kArya kisI nadI ke ja zikhA rakhI jAtI hai usake nIce manuSyazarIra kA marma jala meM khar3e hokara snAnoparAnta karate haiN| zveta puSpa, sthala hai| ataH usakI rakSA ke lie usake Upara keza- candana, supArI, cAvala, dUdha, kelA Adi bhI sUrya ko samUha kA rakhanA Avazyaka hai| car3hAte haiM / purohita ke badale isa pUjA kI kriyA parivAra cyavana, cyavAna-eka prAcIna RSi ke nAma cyavana evaM kA sabase bar3A vRddha ( vizeSa kara bur3hiyA ) karatA hai| cyavAna hai| Rgveda (1.116.10-13;118,6; kahIM-kahIM musalamAna bhI yaha pUjA karate hai| 5.74,5;7.68,6;71,5:10.49,4) meM ve vRddha evaM chaThI-gRhyasUtroM meM SaSThI eka zizughAtinI yakSiNI mAnI balahIna puruSa ke rUpa meM varNita hai, jinheM azvinoM ne gayI hai| isako janma ke chaThe dina tuSTa karake vidA yauvana tathA bala pradAna kiyaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM kathA kiyA jAtA hai tathA zizu ke dIrghAyuSya kI kAmanA kI dUsare DhaMga se dI gayI hai| yahA~ cyavana ke zAMti kii| jAtI hai| putrI sukanyA se vivAha karane kI kathA hai| unheM bhRgu anya zubha rUpa meM zizu ke janma ke chaThe dina kI rAta athavA AGgirasa kahA gayA hai / jaiminIya brAhmaNa meM likhA ko mAtA SaSThI yA chaThI mAtA kI pUjA karatI hai ki bhRgu ke dUsare putra vidanvanta ne indra ke viruddha cyavana hai tathA jau ke ATe ke roTa va cAvala cInI ke sAtha kI sahAyatA kI, jabaki indra inase azvinoM ke prati yajJa pakAkara devI ko car3hAtI hai / yaha prathA vizeSa kara camAroM karane se ruSTa thaa| yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki zatapatha- meM pAyI jAtI hai| dusAdha jAti meM bhI isa pUjA kA brAhmaNa meM sukanyA ke parAmarza para azvinIkumAra yajJa meM mahattva hai| ve bhI chaThI mA~ kI pUjA karate haiM / chaThI kI apanA bhAga lene Ate haiN| kintu indra aura cyavana meM pUjA ke pahale pUjA karane vAle upavAsa se apane ko samajhautA ho gayA hogA, jaisA ki aitareya brAhmaNa ke eka pavitra karate haiM tathA gAna karate hue nadI ke taTa para uddharaNa se patA calatA hai ki cyavana ne zaryAti ke aindra jAte haiN| vahA~ nadI meM pUrva dizA kI ora mukha karake mahAbhiSeka kA zubhArambha karAyA thA / paJcaviMza calate rahate haiM jaba taka sUryodaya nahIM hotA hai / sUryodaya ke brAhmaNa ( 11.5,12,19.3,6,14.6,10,11.8,11 ) meM samaya ve hAtha jor3akara khar3e hote haiM tathA roTa va phala sUrya cyavana ko sAmaveda kA RSi kahA gayA hai| inhoM vaidika ko car3hAte tathA svayaM use prasAda svarUpa khAte haiN| sandarbho ke AdhAra para purANoM meM cyavana-sambandhI kaI chatra-devatAoM ke alaGkaraNa ke liye jo upAdAna kAma meM kathAeM pAyI jAtI haiN| lAye jAte haiM unameM eka chatra bhI hai| yaha rAjatva athavA adhikAra kA dyotaka hai| rAjapadasUcaka upakaraNoM meM bhI chaThamAtA-kArtika zukla SaSThI ko 'chaThamAtA' kahate haiM aura chatra pradhAna hai jo rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya se hI rAjA ke isa dina sUrya kI pUjA hotI hai| Ajakala sUryapUjA kA Upara lagAyA jAtA hai| isIlie usakI chatrapati padavI ke prati ullekhanI ke para

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chanda (bedAGga)-chandoga 271 hai| devamUrtiyoM ke Upara prAyaH prabhAmaNDala aura chatra kA hai aura inameM se sabase adhika gAyatrI chanda kA vyavahAra aGkana hotA hai / huA hai| kAtyAyana ne ina sAta chandoM ke aneka bheda ___ bauddha stUpoM kI hamyikA ke Upara bhI chatra athavA chatrA- sthira kiye haiN| una saba bhedoM ko jAnane ke lie kAtyAvali ( kaI chatroM kA samUha ) pAyI jAtI hai / yana kI racI sarvAnukramaNikA dekhanI caahie| chanda (vevAGga)-veda ke chaH aGga haiM-zikSA, kalpa, vyAka- inhIM sAta chandoM ko mUla mAnakara vyAvahArika bhASA raNa, nirukta, jyotiSa aura chanda / jaise manuSya ke aGga A~kha, meM ananta chandoM kA nirmANa haA hai| uttararAmacarita meM kAna, nAka, mu~ha, hAtha aura pAMva hote haiM, vaise hI vedoM kI likhA hai ki pahale-pahala Adikavi vAlmIki ke mukha se A~kha jyotiSa hai, kAna nirukta haiM, nAka zikSA hai, mukha / laukika anuSTup chanda kI racanA huI thii| isake kucha hI vyAkaraNa hai, hAtha kalpa haiM tathA pA~va chanda haiN| zikSA / dina bAda AtreyI ne vanadevatA se bAtoM-bAtoM meM aura chanda se ThIka-ThIka rIti se uccAraNa aura paThana kA isakI carcA kii| isa para vanadevatA bolI, "kyA jJAna hotA hai| isa prakAra vaidika sAhitya kA chaThA Azcarya kI bAta hai ! yaha to veda se atirikta kisI naye aGga chanda hai / Rgveda sampUrNa padyamaya hai| sAmaveda evaM chanda kA AviSkAra ho gayA hai|" isa kathA se jAna par3atA atharvaveda bhI padyamaya hI haiN| kevala yajurveda meM padya aura hai ki bhavabhUti ke anusAra pahalA laukika chanda anuSTapa gadya donoM haiN| padya athavA chandoM kI saMkhyA evaM prakAra hai aura pahale laukika kavi vAlmIki the| vAlmIkiagaNita haiN| rAmAyaNa meM bhI isa taraha kI kathA dI huI hai| parantu chanda kA pradhAna prayojana bhASA kA lAlitya hai| gadya vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa, bAlakANDa, dUsare sarga ke 15veM ko sunakara kAna aura mana ko vaha tRpti nahIM hotI jo zloka kI TIkA karate hue rAmAnuja svAmI yaha prakaTa padya ko sunakara hotI hai| padya yAda bhI jaldI hote haiM karate haiM ki laukika chandoM kA prayoga vAlmIki se pahale aura bahuta kAla taka smaraNa rahate haiM / sAtha hI ve gambhIra cala cukA thaa| se gambhIra bhAva saMkSepa meM vyakta kara dete haiN| yaha to kAtyAyana kI sarvAnukramaNikA ke bAda chandazAstra ke chandoM kA sAdhAraNa guNa huA, parantu vedAdhyayana meM chanda sabase prAcIna nirmAtA maharSi piGgala hue| inhoMne kA jJAna anivArya hai| chandoM ko jAne vinA vedAdhyayana 1,61,66,216 prakAra ke varNavRttoM kA ullekha kiyA pApa mAnA jAtA hai| hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM isa bhArI saMkhyA meM se lagabhaga chandoM ko veda kA caraNa batAyA jAtA hai| jina chandoM 50 prakAra ke chanda vyavahAra meM Ate haiN| anya laukika kA prayoga saMhitAoM meM huA hai ve aura kisI grantha meM nahIM bhASAoM meM saMskRta kI apekSA bahuta prakAra ke chandoM kA pAye jAte / veda ke brAhmaNa evaM AraNyaka khaNDa meM vaidika vyavahAra huA hai| parantu unakI ginatI vedAGga meM nahIM hai| chandoM ke viSaya meM bahuta sI kathAe~ AyI hai para unase chandasa-veda athavA vedoM ke sUstoM ke pavitra pATha ko chandas chanda ke viSaya kA vizeSa jJAna nahIM hotA / kAtyAyana kI kahate haiM / kinhIM vidvAnoM ke mata meM chandas vedoM kA prAk'sarvAnukramaNikA' meM sAta chandoM kA ullekha hai : (1) saMhitA rUpa thA jo saMkalita na hokara kevala gAna meM suragAyatrI ( 2 ) uSNik ( 3) anuSTup , (4) bRhatI kSita thA / parantu sAmAnyataH sampUrNa veda ko hI chandas (5) paMkti (6 ) triSTup aura (7) jagatI / gAyatrI kahate haiM / vaidika bhASA ko bhI chandas kahA jAtA thaa| chanda meM saba milAkara sasvara 24 akSara hote haiN| vaidika bauddhoM ne isake prayoga kA virodha kiyaa| prArambhika bauddha gAyatrI chanda tripadA arthAt tIna caraNoM kA hotA hai| sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai ki jo chandas kA prayoga karegA isI prakAra 28 akSaroM kA uSNik chanda hotA hai / anu- vaha duSkRta (pApa) kregaa| STup meM 32 akSara hote haiM / bRhatI meM 36, paMkti meM 40, chandoga-sAmaveda saMhitA ke mantroM ko gAne vAle chandoga triSTup meM 44 aura jagatI meM 48 akSara hote haiN| jAna kahalAte haiN| inhIM chandogoM ke karmakANDa ke lie jo ATha par3atA hai, jagatI se bar3e chanda vaidika kAla meM nahIM banate brAhmaNa grantha vyavahAra meM Ate haiM ve chAndogya kahe jAte haiM / the| veda kA bahuta bhArI mantrabhAga inhIM sAta chandoM meM ye saba AraNyaka grantha 'chAndogyAraNyaka' nAma se prasiddha haiN|

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272 - chAgamukha- svAmI kArtikeya kA eka paryAya / chAgaratha ( chAgavAhana ) agni kA paryAya / agni kI mUrtiyoM ke ajUna meM chAga (bakarI yA bher3a unakA vAhana dikhAyA chAhasA yajJa meM jo chAgavali hotI thI usako chAgahiMsA kahate the / vaiSNava prabhAva ke kAraNa chAgahiMsA kaise banda huI isa sambandha meM mahAbhArata aura purAroM meM kaI kathAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM / pAJcarAtra mata kA prathama anuyAyI rAjA vasu thA / usane jo yajJa kiyA usameM pazuvadha nahIM huA / RSiyoM ne devoM ko aprasanna jAnakara chAgahiMsA ke sambandha meM jaba vasu se prazna kiyA, taba usane devoM ke anukUla hI kahA ki chAgabali denI cAhie / isase RSiyoM ne use zApa diyA aura vaha bhUvivara meM ghusa gyaa| vahAM usane ananya bhakti pUrvaka nArAyaNa kI sevA kI, jisase vaha mukta huA ora nArAyaNa kI kRpA se brahmaloka ko pahu~cA / chAndogya de0 'chandoga' | chAndogyopaniSad -- sAmavedIya upaniSad granthoM meM chAndogyo paniSad aura kenopaniSad prasiddha haiM / chAndogya meM ATha adhyAya haiM chAndogya brAhmaNa kA yaha eka vizeSAMza hai| usameM dasa adhyAya haiM, parantu pahale do adhyAyoM meM brAhmaNopayukta viSayoM para vicAra hai| zeSa ATha adhyAya upaniSad ke haiM / chAndogya brAhmaNa ke pahale adhyAya meM ATha sUkta Aye haiN| ye saba sUkta janma aura vivAha kI maMgalaprArthanA ke lie haiM / yaha upaniSad brahmatattva ke sambandha meM sarvapradhAna samajhI jAtI hai| sAtha hI yaha chaH prAcIna upaniSadoM meM se eka hai / chAndogyopaniSaddIpikA yaha mAdhavAcArya dvArA viracita chAndogyopaniSad kI zAGkarabhASyAnusAriNI TIkA hai / chAndogyabrAhmaNa sAmavedIya tANDaya zAkhA ke tIna brAhmaNa grantha haiM - 'paJcaviMza', 'SaDviMza' evaM 'chAndogya' / chAndogya brAhmaNa meM gRhya yajJakarmoM ke prAyaH sabhI mantra saMgRhIta haiN| ise upaniSad, saMhitopaniSad, brAhmaNa athavA chAndogya brAhmaNa bhI kahate haiN| isameM sAmaveda par3hane vAloM kI ruci utpAdana ke lie sampradAyapravartaka RSiyoM kI kathA likhI gayI hai| isa brAhmaNa ke AThaveM se lekara dasaveM prapAThaka taka ke aMza kA nAma 'chAndogyopaniSad' prasiddha hai / ise 'mantrabrAhmaNa' bhI kahate haiM / --- chAgamukha-jagat chAndogyasUtradIpa 'brAhmAyaNa' athavA 'vasiSThasUtra' (sAmaveda ke tIsare zrautasUtra ) kI 'chAndogyasUtradIpa' nAmaka vRtti yA TIkA pAyI jAtI hai, jisake lekhaka dhanvI nAmaka vidvAn the / chinnamastakagaNapati- uttarAkhaNDa meM jahA~ soma nadI mandAkinI meM milatI hai, vahA~ se pula pAra eka mIla para chi mastaka gaNapati kA mandira hai| yAtrI inake darzana ke lie Ate rahate haiM / yaha gaNapati kA vaha rUpa hai jisameM unakA sira kaTA huA dikhAyA jAtA hai| isakI kathA purANoM meM milatI hai| pArvatI ne apane dehAMza se gaNapati kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| eka bAra pArvatI snAnagRha meM thIM, jisakI rakhavAlI gaNapati kara rahe the| usI bIca meM zaGkarajI Aye / gaNapati ne unako gRhapraveza karane se rokA / zaGkara ne kruddha hokara gaNapati kA sira kATa diyA, jisase ve chinnamastaka ho gaye / ja jagajIvanadAsa-saM0 1807 vi0 ke lagabhaga jagajIvanadAsa ne satanAmI (satyanAmI) paMtha kA punaruddhAra kiyaa| ye bArAbaMkI jile ke koTavA nAmaka sthAna ke rahane vAle yogAbhyAsI evaM kavi the / inakI zikSAe~ inake race hindI pacoM meM prApta haiN| inake eka ziSya TUlanadAsajI bhI kavi the / jagat- puruSasUkta ke prathama mantra ke anusAra puruSa isa saba jagat meM vyApta ho rahA hai arthAt usane apanI vyApakatA se isa jagat ko pUrNa kara rakhA hai / puruSasUkta ke hI 17veM mantra ke anusAra jaba jagat utpanna nahIM huA thA taba Izvara kI sAmarthya meM yaha kAraNa rUpa se vartamAna thA / Izvara kI icchAnusAra usase yaha utpanna hokara sthUla nAmarUpoM meM dikhAI par3atA hai / AcArya zaMkara ke anusAra paramArthataH jagat mAvika aura mithyA hai / parantu isakI vyAvahArika sattA hai / jaba taka manuSya saMsAra meM lipta hai taba taka saMsAra kI sattA hai / jaba moha naSTa ho jAtA hai taba saMsAra bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / AcArya rAmAnuja ne brahma aura jagat kA sambandha batAte hue kahA hai ki jar3a jagat brahma kA zarIra hai / brahma

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jagadIza jamavAr3I jagat kA upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa hai / brahma hI jagat rUpa meM pariNata huA hai, phira bhI vaha vikArarahita hai| jagat sat hai, mithyA nahIM hai / AcArya madhva ke matAnusAra jagat sat, jar3a aura asvatantra hai| bhagavAn jagat ke niyAmaka haiM / jagat kAla kI dRSTi se asIma hai / inhoMne bhI jagat kI satyatA ko siddha kiyA hai| vallabhAcArya ke matAnusAra brahma kAraNa aura jagat kArya hai / kArya aura kAraNa abhinna haiM / kAraNa sat hai, kArya bhI sat hai, ataeva jagat san hai / hari kI icchA se hI jagat kA tirodhAna hotA hai| lIlA ke lie apanI icchA se brahma jagat rUpa meM pariNata huA hai / jagat brahmAtmaka hai, prapaJca brahma kA hI kArya hai| AcArya vallabha avikRta pariNAmavAdI haiN| unake mata se jagat mAyika nahIM hai aura na bhagavAn se bhinna hI hai / usakI na to utpatti hotI hai aura na vinAza / jagat satya hai, para usakA AvirbhAva evaM tirobhAva hotA hai| jagat kA jaba tirobhAva hotA hai taba vaha kAraNa rUpa se aura jaba AvirbhAva hotA hai taba kArya rUpa se sthita rahatA hai| bhagavAn kI icchA se hI saba kucha hotA hai / krIDA ke lie hI unhoMne jagat kI sRSTi kii| akele krIDA sambhava nahIM, ataeva bhagavAn ne jIva aura jagat kI sRSTi kI hai| AcArya baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ke matAnusAra brahma jagat kA karttA evaM nimittakAraNa hai / vahI upAdAna kAraNa hai| brahma avicintya zakti vAlA hai / isI zakti se vaha jagat rUpa meM pariNata hotA hai / jagadIza - jagat kA Iza (svAmI), Izvara aizvarya paramAtmA kA eka guNa hai jisase sampUrNa vizva kA vaha zAsana karatA hai / jagannAtha ur3IsA pradeza ke antargata purI sthAna meM kRSNa bhagavAn kA eka mandira hai, jisakA nAma hai jagannAthamandira | 'jagannAtha' (vizva ke svAmI) kRSNa kA hI eka nAma hai| uparyukta mandira meM jagannAtha kI mUrti ke sAtha balarAma evaM subhadrA kI bhI mUrtiyAM hai| ASAr3ha meM rathayAtrA ke dina bhagavAn jagannAtha kI savArI ratha meM nikalatI hai aura janatA kA apAra melA lagatA hai| yaha cAra dhAmoM meM se eka dhAma hai| pratyeka Astika hindU bhagavAn jagannAtha kA darzana karanA apanA pavitra kartavya samajhatA hai de0 'purI' | | 35 273 jagannAthamAhAtmya --- yaha brahmapurANa kA eka aMza hai| brahmapurANa ko Arambha meM brahmAjI kA mAhAtmyasUcaka batAyA gayA hai / skandapurANa meM isakA pramANa bhI diyA gayA hai / parantu anta meM 245 veM adhyAya ke 20 veM zloka meM isI purANa meM likhA hai ki yaha vaiSNava purANa hai| isa purANa meM vaiSNava avatAroM kI kathA kI vizeSatA aura vizeSa rUpa se utkalavartI jagannAyajI ke mAhAtmya kA kathana isa bAta ko paripuSTa karatA hai| jagannAthAzrama svAmI sampradAya ke eka pramukha vedAntAcArya | jagannAthAzrama svAmIjI suprasiddha nRsiMhAzrama svAmI ke guru the / jagamohana - uttara bhAratIya maMdira nirmANa kalA (nAgara zailI) ke antargata evaM vizeSa kara ur3IsA ke mandiroM meM garbhagRha ke sAmane eka maNDapa hotA hai, jise jagamohana kahate haiN| isa maNDapa meM kIrtana-bhajana karane vAlI maMDalI AratI ke samaya yA anya avasaroM para gAyana-vAdana karatI hai| jaGgama- 'jaGgama' kA vyavahAra do arthoM meM hotA hai; prathama jaGgama jAti ke sadasya ke rUpa meM aura dvitIya eka abhyAsI jaGgama ke artha meM kevala dUsarI koTi vAle hI / pUjanIya hote haiM / adhikAMza jaGgama vivAha karate evaM jIvikA upArjita karate haiM / kintu jinheM abhyAsI yA AcArya kA kArya karanA hotA hai, ve Ajanma brahmacArI rahate haiN| unheM kisI maTha meM rahakara zikSA tathA dIkSA lenI par3atI hai / sampUrNa liMgAyata sampradAya ina jaGgamoM ke adhIna hotA hai| jaGgamoM kI do zreNiyoM bhI hotI haiM-gurusthala evaM virakta guhasthala kA varNana pahale ho gayA hai, viraktoM kA varNana Age kiyA jAyagA / de0 'liGgAyata' aura 'vIrazaiva' / jaGgamabAr3I kAzI meM bhagavAn vizvArAdhya kA sthAna 'jaGgamavAdI' ( vATikA) maTha ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha maTha bahuta prAcIna hai| sarvaprathama mallikArjuna jaGgama nAmaka zivayogI ko kAzirAja jayanandadeva ne vikrama saM0 631 meM prabodhinI ekAdazI ke dina isa maTha ke lie bhUmidAna kiyA thA / isa taraha yaha tAmrazAsana lagabhaga paune caudaha sau barasoM kA huA / isa maTha ke pAsa 12 gA~va hai| inake sivA godauliyA se lekara dakSiNa meM baMgAlI TolA ke DAkaghara taka evaM pUrva meM agastyakuNDa se pazcima meM rAmA

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274 purA taka sArA sthAna 'jaGgamabAr3I' muhallA kahalAtA hai, jo adhikAMza maTha kI hI jAgIra hai| isake sivA mAnasarovara, dhanakAmezvara, manaH kAmezvara evaM sAkSIvinAyaka ke sAmane kA sthAna isI maTha ke adhIna hai / yaha maTha zivaliGgamaya hai| isake adhIna harizcandraputra rohitAzva ko jahA~ sA~pa ne kATA thA vaha bagIcA bhI hai / yaha maTha kAzI meM sabase purAnA, aitihAsika aura darzanIya hai / jaTAyu - rAmacandrajI ke vanavAsa kA sahAyaka eka garuDavaMzaja pakSI, jo gRdharAja kahalAtA thaa| sItAharaNa kA virodha karane para rAvaNa ne isake paMkha kATa diye the| rAmacandrajI ne apane hAthoM isa pakSI kA antima saMskAra kiyA thA / janmatithikRtya prati varSa janmatithi vAle dina snAna-dhyAna ke pazcAt puruSa ko guru devagaNa, agni, brAhmaNa, mAtApitA tathA prajApati kA pUjana sammAna Adi karanA cAhie / azvatthAmA, bali, vyAsa, hanumAnajI, vibhISaNa, kRpAcArya, parazurAma, mArkaNDeya ( ina sabako ciraMjIvI mAnA gayA hai) kA pUjana karanA caahie| mArkaNDeya kI nimnalikhita mantra se prArthanA karanI cAhie : mArkaNDeya mahAbhAga prakalpAntajIvana | ciraMjIvI yathA tvaM bho bhaviSyAmi tathA mune / janmatithi kA utsava manAne vAle ko miSTa khAdyapadArtha khAnA cAhie kintu mAMsa varjita hai / usa dina brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate hue tilamizrita jala pInA cAhie / de0 varSa kRtyakaumudI, 553 - 564; tithitattva, 20-26; samayamayUkha, 175 / janmASTamI - de0 'kRSNajanmASTamI' | janaka (videharAja ) - mithilA ke rAjA, jinako zatapaya brAhmaNa evaM bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta hai / jaiminIya brAhmaNa evaM kauSItaki upaniSad meM bhI inheM sammAnya sthAna prApta hai| ye yAjJavalkya vAjasaneya evaM svetaketu AruNeya Adi RSiyoM ke samakAlIna the| apanI udAratA evaM brahmasambandhI vivAdoM meM dilacaspI ke kAraNa ye prasiddha hai| ye kAzI ke rAjA ajAtazatru 'ke bhI samakAlIna kahe jAte haiM / ye kuru-paJcAla ke brAhmaNoM se samIpI sambandha rakhate the, jaisA ki yAjJavalkya evaM zvetaketu ke udAharaNa se prakaTa hai / usa samaya darzana kA vidyApITha kurupaJcAla thA / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM janaka ke jaTAyu - janamasAlo brahmajJAnI hone kA ullekha hai| isase unake jAtiparivatana kA bodha na hokara unake brahmatattvajJAna kA bodha hotA hai| taittirIya brAhmaNa evaM zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra meM bhI unakA ullekha hai / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra unakA samaya 600 I0 pU0 mAnA gayA hai / kintu yaha tithi sandehAtmaka hai, kyoMki ajAtazatru nAma ke do rAjA the, magadha evaM kAzI ke / videha ke rAjA janaka evaM sItA ke pitA kI ekatA kama sandehAtmaka hai, kintu ise siddha nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sUtroM meM janaka ati prAcInakAlIna rAjA mAne gaye haiM evaM unake samaya meM patnI kA vaha sammAnita sthAna nahIM thA jaisA Age calakara huA bhAratIya sAhityika aura dhArmika dArzanika paramparA meM janaka videharAja aura sItA ke pitA ke rUpa meM hI prasiddha haiM, jo vAlmIkirAmAyaNa ke pramukha pAtroM meM se haiM / janaka ( saptarAtra yajJa ) paJcavitrAhmaNa zAkhA kA eka zrautasUtra hai evaM eka gRhyasUtra / pahale zrautasUtra kA nAma mAzaka hai| lATyAyana ne ise mazakasUtra likhA hai / isa grantha meM janaka saptarAtra yajJa kI carcA hai, kintu saptarAtra yajJa janaka kauna the, yaha batalAnA kaThina hai / janakapura vihAra kA eka vaiSNava tIrtha / upaniSatkAlIna brahmajJAna tathA rAmAvata vaiSNava sampradAya donoM se isakA sambandha hai / janakapura tIrtha kA prAcIna nAma mithilA tathA videhanagarI hai / sItAmar3hI athavA darabhaMgA se janakapura 24 mIla dUra nepAla rAjya ke antargata hai, jisake cAroM ora pUrvakrama se zilAnAtha, kapilezvara, kUpezvara, kalyANezvara, jalezvara, kSIrezvara tathA mithilezvara rakSaka devatAoM ke rUpa meM zivamandira aba bhI vidyamAna haiN| isake cAroM ora vizvAmitra, gautama, bAlmIki aura yAjJavalkya ke Azrama the, jo aba bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM vidyamAna haiM mahAbhArata kAla meM yaha jaMgala ke rUpa meM thA, jahA~ sAdhu-mahAtmA tapasyA kiyA karate the / akSayavaTa ke tala se zrIrAmapaMcAyatana mUrti prApta huI thI, vaha yahA~ padharAyI gayI hai / logoM kA vizvAsa hai ki isase janakapura kI khyAti aura bar3ha gayo / janamasAkhI sikkha dharma kI prasiddha pustaka isameM guru nAnaka ke jIvana kI kathAe~ prApta hotI haiN| ye janamasAkhiyA~ aneka haiM kintu kathAeM kAlpanika haiM evaM +

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janamejaya-jambha 275 unake AdhAra para nAnaka ke jIvana ke sambandha meM nizcaya- jo jAbAlipura cAhamAna abhilekhoM meM ullikhita hai, vaha pUrvaka kucha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai| isase bhinna (jAlora) hai| yahA~ prAcIna Azrama ke janamejaya-kuruvaMza kA eka rAjA, jo brAhmaNa kAla koI cihna nahIM pAye jAte, parantu isake pAsa kA panAgara ke anta meM huA thaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM isako aneka (parNAgAra = parNakuTI) prAcIna RSi-AzramoM kA smaraNa azvoM kA svAmI kahA gayA hai, jo thakane para mIThe peya se tAje kiye jAte the| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM uddhRta gAthA evaM devatAla, jahA~ eka prAkRtika sarovara ke cAroM ora aneka aitareya brAhmaNa ke anusAra usakI rAjadhAnI AsandIvanta mandira bane hue haiM aura baijanatthA jo tAntrikoM kA prasiddha meM thii| usake ugrasena, bhImasena evaM zrutasena nAmaka mandira hai / vAstava meM narmadA hI yahAM kI pavitra nadI hai, bhAiyoM ne azvamedha yajJa dvArA apane ko pApamukta kara jisake kinAre kaI pavitra ghATa haiN| inameM gvArI ghATa, pavitra banAyA thaa| usake azvamedha yajJa ke purohita the| tilavArA ghATa, lameTA ghATa, rAmanagara, bher3AghATa Adi indrota devApi zaunaka / aitareya brAhmaNa usake purohita kA prasiddha haiM / bher3AghATa para narmadA aura vAnagaMgA kA saMgama nAma tura kAvazeya batAtA hai| hai| ina donoM ke bIca meM eka pahAr3I ke Upara gaurI___ mahAbhArata ke anusAra janamejaya parIkSita kA putra thaa| zaGkara aura causaTha yoginiyoM ke prasiddha mandira haiN| yahA~ parIkSita ko takSaka ( nAgoM) ne mAra DAlA thaa| apane para kArtika pUrNimA ko vizAla melA lagatA hai| pitA kI mRtyu kA pratizodha lene ke lie janamejaya ne jamadagni-Rgveda meM ullikhita dhArmika RSiyoM meM jamanAgayajJa ( nAgoM ke sAtha saMhArakArI yuddha ) kA Ayojana dagni kA nAma AtA hai| kucha mantroM meM inakA nAma mantrakara nAgoM kA vidhvaMsa kiyaa| racayitA ke rUpa meM tathA eka mantra meM vizvAmitra ke sahajanmASTamIvrata-bhAdra kRSNa aSTamI ko zrIkRSNajanmotsava yogI ke rUpa meM ullikhita hai| atharvaveda, yajurveda ke upalakSya meM AdhI rAta taka nirjala vrata kiyA jAtA evaM brAhmaNoM meM prAyaH inakA ullekha hai| inakI hai| isa avasara para pratyeka vaiSNava mandira tathA gharoM meM unnati tathA inake parivAra kI saphalatA kA kAraNa catuzrI kRSNa kI jhAMkI sajAyI jAtI hai, kIrtana hotA hai tathA rAtra yajJa batAyA gayA hai| atharvaveda meM inakA sambandha anya maGgalotsava hote haiN| atri, kaNva, asita evaM vItahavya se batAyA gayA hai| japasAheba-'japasAheba' kucha prArthanAoM kA saMgraha graMtha hai| yaha zanaHzepa ke prastAbita yajJa ke ye adhvaryu purohita the| hindI meM hai evaM isakI racanA guru govindasiMha ne kI paurANika gAthAoM ke anusAra jamadagni parazurAma ke thii| sikkhoM meM isakA pArAyaNa bahuta puNyakArI aura pitA the| haihayoM ne inako apamAnita kara inako kAmadhenu pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| gAya chIna lI thii| isakA pratizodha parazarAma ne liyA japajI-yaha sikkha dharma kA prasiddha nityapATha kA grantha aura uttara bhArata ke kSatriya rAjAoM ko milAkara haihayoM hai| isameM padya evaM bhajanoM kA saMgraha hai| ina padoM ko ko parAsta aura dhvasta kiyaa| guru nAnaka ne bhagavAn kI stuti evaM apane anuyAyiyoM jamadagnikuNDa (jamaithA)-ayodhyA se 16 mIla dUra jamaithA kI dainika prArthanA ke lie racA thaa| guru arjuna ne apane grAma goMDA jile meM hai| yahA~ jamadagnikuNDa nAmaka kucha bhajanoM ko isameM joDA tathA atya grantha bhI taiyAra prAcIna sarovara hai, jisakA jIrNoddhAra kiyA gayA hai| kiye / 'japajI' sikkhoM kI pA~ca prArthanApustakoM meM se sarovara ke pAsa zivamandira tathA devImandira hai| prathama hai tathA prAtaHkAlIna prArthanA ke lie vyavahRta pAsa meM eka dharmazAlA hai| yahA~ yamadvitIyA ko melA hotA hai| lagatA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ kabhI maharSi jamadagni jabalapura (jAbAlipura)-prAcIna tripurI nagarI kA paravartI kA Azrama thaa| aura uttarAdhikArI nagara / Ajakala yaha madhya pradeza kA jambha-atharvaveda meM 'jambha' kA nAma eka roga athavA roga prazAsakIya, nyAyika tathA zaikSaNika kendra hai| sthAnIya ke rAkSasa ke rUpa meM AtA hai| eka sUkta meM 'jaGgida' ke paramparA ke anusAra yahA~ jAbAli RSi kA Azrama thaa| paudhe se isake acchA hone kI carcA hai| anyatra ise

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276 'saMhanu' kahA gayA hai| vebara ne ise baccoM ke dA~ta nika lane ke samaya kI vedanA kA roga kahA hai| blUmaphIlDa evaM vhiTane ne ise zarIra ke TUTane evaM akar3ane kI bImArI kahA hai| jaba yaha zabda itihAsa, purANa, mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa ke lie prayukta huA hai / ye grantha jaya nAma se pukAre jAte haiM, kyoMki ina granthoM ke anusAra AcaraNa karanevAlA saMsAra se Upara uTha jAtA hai| de0 tithitastva, pRSTha 71 para uddhRta 'jayati anena saMsAram ''''''''' / jayatIrtha AcArya madhya ke tirodhAna ke 50 varSa bAda jayatIrtha mAdhya sampradAya ke netA hue saMsthApaka ke granthoM ke Upara race gaye inake bhASya sampradAya ke mukhya evaM mahattvapUrNa grantha haiN| inake rathe grantha hai- 'tatvaprakAzikA' evaM 'nyAyasudhA', jo kramazaH madhvaracita brahmasUtrabhASya ( vedAntasUtra ) evaM 'anuvyAkhyAna' ke bhASya haiN| jayadAsaptamI - ravivAsaroya zukla pakSa kI saptamI jayA athavA jayadA nAma se prasiddha hai / isa dina vibhinna phala tathA phUloM se sUrya kA pUjana karane kA vidhAna hai / isa dina upavAsa, rAtri ko yA eka samaya athavA ayAcita bhojana grahaNa karanA caahie| jayadvAdazI - puSya nakSatrayukta phAlguna zukla dvAdazI ko jayadvAdazI kahA jAtA hai / isa dina kiyA gayA dAna tathA tapa karor3oM gunA puNya pradAna karatA hai / - jayadeva - saMskRta gItikAvya 'gItagovinda' ke racayitA jayadeva kA bhakta kaviyoM meM, vizeSa kara rAdhA ke bhaktoM meM, mukhya sthAna hai / ye terahavIM zatI vi0 meM hue the aura baMgAla ( gauTa) ke rAjA lakSmaNasena ke rAjakavi the| baMgAla meM inheM nimbArka mata kA anuyAyI mAnA jAtA hai / caitanya mahAprabhu jayadeva, caNDIdAsa evaM vidyApati ke gItoM ko bar3e prema se gAte the| 'rAdhAkRSNagIta' nAmaka baMgalA gItoM kA saMgraha bhI inhIM kI racanA batAyA hai| jayadeva mizra - terahavIM zatI vi0 meM inakA udaya huA thA / ye nyAyadarzana ke AcArya evaM 'tattvAloka' nAmaka bhASya ke racayitA the| yaha bhASya gaGgeza upAdhyAya racita 'tattvacintAmaNi' para hai / jayantazyAyadarzana ke eka AcArya jIvanakAla 950 vi0 ke lagabhaga / inakI 'nyAyamaJjarI' nyAyadarzana kA vizva jaya jayaratha koza hai| jaiminIya upaniSadbrAhmaNa meM 'jayanta' nAma aneka AcAryoM kA batAyA gayA hai : (1) jayanta pArAzarya ( parAzara ke vaMzaja ) vipazcit ke ziSya the tathA inakA ullekha eka vaMzAvalI meM huA hai / (2) jayanta vArakya ( varaka ke vaMzaja ) usI vaMza meM kubera vArasya ke ziSya the| unake pitAmaha bhI usI vaMza meM kaMsa vAkya ke ziSya kahe gaye haiN| (3) jayanta vArakya, suyajJa zANDilya, sambhavataH pUrvoka se abhinna the, kintu inakA ullekha dUsarI vaMzAvalI meM huA hai| ( 4 ) jayanta yazasvI lauhitya kA bhI nAma pAyA jAtA hai / jayantavrata - isa bina indraputra jayanta kA pUjana hotA hai| isase vratI svastha tathA sukhI rahatA hai / jayantavidhi - uttarAyaNa meM ravivAra ko sUrya pUjana karanA caahie| isako jayantavidhi kahate haiM / jayantI - ( 1 ) mahApuruSoM ke janmadina ke utsava ko 'jayantI' kahate haiM / de0 'avatAra' | ( 2 ) bhAdra kRSNa aSTamI ko rohiNI nakSatra hone para 'jayantI' kahate haiN| durgA devI kA nAma bhI jayantI hai| indra kI putrI bhI jayantI kahalAtI hai / jayantIkalpa - madhvAcArya racita eka grantha kA nAma hai / jayapaurNamAsI - isa vrata meM eka varSa taka pratyeka pUrNimA ke dina kisI vastrAdi para aMkita nakSatroM sahita candramA kI pUjA hotI hai / jayavrata yuddha meM saphalatA prApta karane ke lie kiye jAne vAle ko 'jayavrata' kahate haiN| hemAdri vratakANDa, 'anuSThAna 2.155 meM viSNudharmapurANa se eka zloka karate udghRta hue kahate haiM ki pA~ca gandharvo kI pUjA se vijaya prApta hotI hai / jayavidhi - dakSiNAyana ke ravivAra ko yaha vAravrata kiyA jAtA hai / upavAsa, nakta aura isI dina ekabhakta karane se karor3oM gune puNyoM kI prApti hotI hai / jayaratha - kAzmIra zaiva matAvalambI jayaratha 12vIM zatI vi0 meM hue the / inhoMne abhinavagupta racita 'tantrAloka' kA bhASya kiyA hai /

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jayarAma-jala 277 jayarAma-pAraskara racita 'kAtIya gRhyagrantha' para jayarAma jarAbodha-Rgveda meM kevala eka bAra yaha zabda AyA hai kI eka TIkA bahuta prasiddha hai| tathA isakA artha sandehAtmaka hai| luDaviga ne isako jayApaJcamI-hemAdri, 1.543-546 ke anusAra viSNu kA RSi kA nAma batAyA hai| olDenavarga ise vyaktivAcaka pUjana hI isa vrata meM kartavya hai| mAsa kA ullekha nahIM batAte haiM tathA isakA zAbdika artha 'vRddhAvasthA meM sAvamilatA / isakA artha hai ki pratyeka mAsa meM yaha vrata karanA dhAnI' lagAte haiN| caahie| jarAbodha zarIra kI eka sthiti hai| isake kaI lakSaNa jayApArvatIvrata-Azvina zukla trayodazI ko Arambha karake haiM, jaise kAna ke sampuTa para ke bAloM kA zveta honA / yaha kArtika kRSNa tRtIyA ko isa vrata kI samApti kI jAtI isa bAta kI cetAvanI hai ki gArhasthya jIvana se manuSya hai| isameM umA tathA mahezvara kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| ko virakta hokara vAnaprastha Azrama grahaNa karanA caahie| 20 varSaparyanta yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| prathama pA~ca varSoM jatila-'jatila' (jaMgalI tila) kA ullekha taittirIya saMhitA meM lavaNa niSiddha hai| cAvala kA sevana vihita hai kintu (5.4.3.2) meM ayogya yajJasAmagrI ke rUpa meM huA hai / zataganne kI banI zakkara, gaDa athavA anya koI bhI miSTa patha brAhmaNa (9.1.1.3) meM jartila ke bIjoM meM grahaNa vastu niSiddha hai / yaha vrata gurjaroM meM atyanta prasiddha hai| karane ke guNa ke sAtha hI agrahaNIya (kyoMki ve akarSita jayAvApti-Azvina kI samApti ke pazcAt prathama tithi bhUmi para ugate haiM) guNa batAyA gayA hai| se pUrNimA (kArtikI pUrNimA) taka yaha vrata hotA hai| jarvara-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM varNita sarpotsava meM 'javara' vizeSa kara kArtikI pUrNimA se pahale vAle tIna dina viSNu gRhapati the| kI pUjA hotI hai| isase kaThina prakAra ke kAmya karmI meM jaritA-vaidika saMhitA meM 'jaritA' kA ullekha eka sAraGga saphalatA milatI hai, jaise vivAda, nyAyika jhagar3e, praNaya pakSI ke rUpa meM huA hai| isase saMbandhita mantra kA Azaya sambandha aadi| mahAbhArata ke RSi mandapAla kI kathA se jor3A jAtA hai, jayA tithi-tRtIyA, aSTamI tathA trayodazI jayA tithiyA~ jinhoMne 'jaritA' nAmaka sAraGga pakSI (mAdA) se vivAha haiM / nirNayAmRta, 39 kahatA hai ki yuddha ke avasaroM kI kiyA, tathA unake cAra putra hue| una putroM ko RSi ne taiyAriyoM ke lie ye tithiyA~ upayukta haiM aura ina dinoM tyAga diyA tathA dAvAnala ko sauMpa diyaa| sAtha hI mandazakti pradarzana avazya saphala hote haiN| pAla ne Rgveda (10.142) ke anusAra agni kI prArthanA jayA saptamI-(1) zukla pakSa kI saptamI ko rohiNI, kii| yaha paurANika artha sandehAtmaka hai, yadyapi sAyaNa ne AzleSA, maghA, hasta nakSatra hone para isa vrata kA anu- ise hI grahaNa kiyA hai| SThAna honA caahie| isameM sUrya kI pUjA hotI hai / eka jarUtha-yaha zabda Rgveda kI tIna RcAoM meM uddhRta hai / varSaparyanta yaha calanA caahie| mAsa ko tIna bhAgoM meM isase eka dAnava kA bodha hotA hai jise agni ne harAyA vibhAjita karake pratyeka bhAga meM bhinna-bhinna puSpa, dhUpa tathA thA / luDaviga tathA griphitha ne 'jarUtha' ko devazatru batAyA naivedyoM se pUjA karanI caahie| hai, jo usa yuddha meM mArA gayA, jisameM Rgveda ke saptama jarA-(1) tAntrika siddhAntAnusAra pAtAla meM zakti maNDala ke paramparAgata racayitA vasiSTha purohita the / kI avasthiti hai, brahmANDa meM ziva nivAsa karate haiM. anta- jala-puruSasUkta ke 13veM mantra (padbhyAM bhUmiH) ke anusAra rikSa meM kAla kI avasthiti hai aura isa kAla se hI 'jarA' pRthvI ke paramANukAraNasvarUpa se virAT puruSa ne sthUla kI utpatti hotI hai| gItA ke anusAra janma, mRtyu, pRthivI utpanna kI tathA jala ko bhI usI kAraNa se jarA aura vyAdhi jIva ke cAra duHkha haiM, jinakA anudarzana utpanna kiyaa| 17veM maMtra meM kahA gayA hai ki usa paramanuSya ko karanA cAhie (janma-mRtyu-jarA-vyAdhi-duHkha- mezvara ne agni ke paramANu ke sAtha jala ke paramANuoM doSAnudarzanam / gItA 13.8) / ko milAkara jala ko rcaa| (2) purANoM meM jarA nAma kI rAkSasI kA bhI varNana dhArmika kriyAoM meM jala kA vizeSa sthAna hai| jala milatA hai| mahAbhArata meM jarAsandha kI kathA prasiddha hai| varuNa devatA kA nivAsa aura svayaM bhI devatA hone se pavitra

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278 jalakRcchavata-jAnakIkuNDa karane vAlA mAnA jAtA hai| isalie pratyeka dhArmika kRtya jAti-isakA mUla artha hai janma athavA utpatti ko samAmeM snAna, abhiSeka athavA Acamana ke rUpa meM isakA upa- natA / kahIM-kahIM prajAti, parivAra athavA vaMza ke lie yoga hotA hai| bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| hinduoM kI yaha eka vizeSa jalakRccha vrata-kArtika kRSNa caturdazI ko isa kRcchU vrata kA saMsthA hai, jo varNavyavasthA (samAja ke cAra vargoM meM vibhAanuSThAna karanA caahie| isameM viSNu pUjana kA vidhAna jana) se bhinna hai| isake AdhAra janma aura vyavasAya haiM hai| jala meM rahate hue upavAsa karanA cAhie / isase viSNu tathA samAna bhojana, vivAha Adi prathAe~ haiM; jaba ki varNa loka kI prApti hotI hai| kA AdhAra prakRti ke AdhAra para kartavya kA cunAva aura tadanukUla vRtti (zIla aura AcAra) hai| pratyeka jAti kA jala jAtUkal-jAtUkarNya ke vaMzaja / inakA zAMkhAyana zrautra AcAra paramparA se nizcita hai jisako dharmazAstra aura sUtra (16.29.7) meM kAzI, videha evaM kosala ke rAjAoM vidhi mAnyatA dete haiM / tIna prakAra ke AcAroM-dezAcAra, ke purohita athavA gRhapurohita ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| jAtyAcAra tathA kulAcAra meM se eka jAtyAcAra bhI hai| jahakA-yaha yajurveda meM azvamedha ke eka balipazu ke rUpa mahAbhArata meM 'jAti' zabda kA prayoga manuSya mAtra ke meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai / sAyaNa ne ise 'bilavAsI kroSTA' artha meM kiyA gayA hai| nahuSopAkhyAna meM yudhiSThira kA bila meM rahane vAlA zRgAla kahA hai| . kathana hai : jAgragaurIpaJcamI-zrAvaNa zukla paJcamI ko isa vrata kA jAtiratra mahAsarpa manuSyatve mahAmate / anuSThAna hotA hai| isase sarpabhaya dUra hotA hai| isameM saMkaratvAt sarvavarNAnAM duSpaparIkSyeti me mtiH|| rAtrijAgaraNa kA vidhAna hai / gaurI isakI devatA haiN| sarve sarvAsvapatyAni janayanti sadA narAH / jAtakarma-gRhya saMskAroM meM se eka saMskAra / yaha janma ke tasmAcchIlaM pradhAneSTaM viduyeM tattvadarzinaH // samaya nAla kATane ke pahale sampanna honA caahie| isameM [he mahAmati sarpa (yakSa = nahuSa) ! 'jAti' kA prayoga rahasyamaya mantra par3he jAte haiM tathA zizu ko madhu aura makkhana yahA~ manuSyatva mAtra meM kiyA gayA hai / sabhI vargoM (jAtiyoM) caTAyA jAtA hai / isake tIna pramukha aGga haiM : prajJAjanana kA itanA saMkara (mizraNa) ho cukA hai ki kisI vyakti kI (buddhi ko jAgRta karanA), AyuSya (dIrgha Ayu ke lie (mUla) jAti kI parIkSA kaThina hai / sabhI jAtiyoM ke puruSa prArthanA) aura zakti ke lie kAmanA / yaha saMskAra zizu sabhI ( jAti kI ) striyoM se santAna utpanna karate Aye kA pitA hI karatA hai / vaha zizu ko sambodhita karate hue haiN| isIlie tattvadarzI puruSoM ne zIla ko hI pradhAna mAnA kahatA hai: hai (jAti ko nhiiN)|] jAtitrirAtravata-jyeSTha zukla trayodazI se tIna dina taka isa aGgAd aGgAt saMbhavasi hRdayAdadhijAyase / vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| dvAdazI ko ekabhakta (eka AtmA vai putra nAmAsi sa jIva zaradaH zatam / / samaya bhojana) rahanA cAhie / trayodazI ke bAda tIna dina [aGga-aGga se tumhArA janma huA hai, hRdaya se tuma upavAsa kA vidhAna hai / brahmA, viSNu tathA zivajI kI utpanna ho rahe ho / putra nAma se tuma mere hI AtmA ho / gaNoM sahita bhinna-bhinna puSpoM tathA phaloM se pUjA karanI sau varSa taka jIvita rho|] phira zizu kI zakti vRddhi cAhie / yava, tila tathA akSatoM se homa karanA caahie| ke lie kAmanA karatA hai : satI anasUyA ne isakA AcaraNa kiyA thA, ataeva tInoM azmA bhava, parazurbhava, hiraNyamasrutaM bhava / devatAoM ne zizu rUpa se unake yahA~ janma liyA / / patthara ke samAna dRDha ho, parazu ke samAna zatruoM ke jAtakarNya-zakla yajurveda kA prAtizAkhya sUtra aura usakI lie dhvaMsaka bano, zuddha sone ke samAna pavitra rho|] anukramaNI bhI kAtyAyana ke nAma se prasiddha haiN| isa jAtarUpa--jAti ke saundarya ko rakhanevAlA, svarNa kA eka prAtizAkhya meM aneka AcAryoM ke nAmoM ke sAtha jAtakarya nAma, jisakA ullekha paravartI brAhmaNoM evaM sUtroM meM huA . kA bhI nAmollekha huA hai| hai / dhArmika kriyAoM meM isakA prAyaH upayoga hotA hai| jAnakIkuNDa-citrakUTa meM kAmadagiri kI parikramA meM payabahumUlya hone ke sAtha yaha pavitra dhAtu bhI hai| svinI nadI ke bAyeM taTa para pahale pramodavana milatA

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jAvAla- jIva (jIvAtmA ) hai| isake cAroM aura pakkI dIvAra aura koThariyA~ banI haiN| bIca meM do mandira haiM / pramodavana se Age payasvinI ke taTa para jAnakIkuNDa hai nadItaTavartI zveta pattharoM para yahA~ bahuta se caraNacihna bane hue haiN| kahate haiM, vanavAsa kAla meM jAnakIjI yahA~ snAna kiyA karatI thiiN| jAbAla - yAjJavalkya ke eka ziSya kA nAma, yajurveda athavA vAjasaneyI saMhitA kA ke sAtha adhyayana kiyA thA / jAbAli - ( 1 ) jAbAlisUtra ke racayitA jAbAli muni the / rAmAyaNa meM jAbAli ke kathana se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki rAmAyaNakAla meM bhI nAstika bar3I saMkhyA meM hote the / jisane zukla dUsare caudaha ziSyoM (2) chAndogya upaniSad meM jAbAli kI utpatti kI kathA hai / jaba ve par3hane ke lie AcArya ke pAsa gaye to AcArya ne pUchA, "tumhAre pitA kA kyA nAma hai aura tumhArA gotra kauna sA hai ?" jAbAli ko yaha jJAta na thA / ve lauTakara mAtA bAlA ke pAsa gaye aura kahA, "mA~, AcArya ne pUchA hai ki mere pitA kA nAma kyA hai aura merA gotra kauna hai ?" mAtA ne uttara diyA, "putra, tumhAre pitA kA nAma jJAta nhiiN| jaba tuma garbha meM Aye to meM kaI puruSoM ke yahA~ dAsI kA kAma karatI thii| merA nAma javAlA hai| AcArya se kaha denA ki tuma mAtRpakSa se jAbAli ho / " bAlaka ne AcArya ke pAsa jAkara aisA hI nivedana kiyA / AcArya ne kahA, "tuma satyavAdI ho, tumhArA nAma satyakAma hogA / " jAbAlopaniSad - yaha saMnyAsavarga kI upaniSadoM meM se eka laghu upaniSad hai / isa varga kI upaniSadeM vedAnta sampradAya ke saMnyAsiyoM kI vyAvahArika jIvana sambandhI niyamAvalI ke sadRza haiN| yaha cUlikA evaM maitrAyaNI ke pazcAt kAla kI hai, kintu vedAntasUtra evaM yogasUtra kI pUrvavartI avazya hai / isakA prArambha bRhaspati aura yAjJavalkya ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM hotA hai| jAmbavAn - jAmbavAn ko 'jAmavanta' bhI kahate haiM / ye rAmAyaNavarNita RkSasenA ke nAyaka haiN| inhoMne sItA ke anveSaNa aura rAvaNa ke sAtha yuddha meM rAma kI sahAyatA kI thii| ye rAma ke yuddhasaciva bhI the| inakI gaNanA bhI arddha devayoni meM hotI hai / kahate haiM ki ye brahmAjI ke aMza se avatarita hue the / 279 jAmadagnyadvAdazI - vaMzAla zukla dvAdazI ko isa tithivrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai jAmavanya ke rUpa meM bhagavAn viSNu kI suvarNapratimA kA pUjana karanA cAhie ( jAmadagnya parazurAmajI haiM) rAjA vIrasena ne isI vrata ke AcaraNa se nala kI prApti kI thii| jAvA - (1) pANigrahaNa saMskAra se prApta dharmapatnI yaha vaivAhika prema kA viSaya tathA jAti kI paramparA kA srota hai / (2) jAyA kA eka artha 'mAtA' bhI hai, arthAt 'jisase utpanna huA jAya' / kyoMki puruSa apanI patnI se saMtAna ke rUpa meM svayaM utpanna hotA hai, isalie patnI eka artha meM apane pati kI mAtA hai / jAlandhara - (1) prAcIna kAla meM yaha eka siddhapITha yA / yaha amRtasara se uttara paMjAba ke mukhya nagaroM meM hai / kahA jAtA hai ki jAlandhara daitya kI rAjadhAnI yahI thI / jAlandhara bhagavAn zaMkara dvArA mArA gayA / yahA~ vizvapurI devI kA mandira hai / ise prAcIna 'trigartatIrtha' kahate haiM / vaise kAMgar3A ke Asa-pAsa kA pradeza trigarta hai / (2) jAlandhara eka daitya kA nAma hai| purANoM meM isakI kathA prasiddha hai| isakI patnI vRndA thI, jisake pAtivrata se yaha amara thA / vahI Age calakara bhagavAn viSNu ko atyanta priya huI aura tulasI ke rUpa meM unako arpita kI jAtI hai| de0 'vRndA' / jijJAsAvarpaNa - zrInivAsa (tRtIya) AcArya zrInivAsa dvitIya ke putra the| inhoMne 'jijJAsAdarpaNa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thI / yaha viziSTAdvaita mata kA tArkika grantha hai | jitvA dIlI-vRhadAraNyaka upaniSad ( 4.1.2) meM 'jitvA zailI' videharAja janaka tathA yAjJavalkya ke samakAlIna eka AcArya kahe gaye haiM / unake matAnusAra 'vAk' brahma hai / jIva (jIvAtmA) - bhAratIya darzana meM jagat ko moTe taura para do vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai-- cetana aura jar3a / cetana ko hI 'jIva' saMjJA dI gayI hai jIvana, prANa aura cetanA ke arthoM meM bhI 'jIva' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| jIva cetana aura bhoktA hai, jar3a jagat usake lie upabhogya hai / parantu yaha vibhAjana vyAvahArika hai / pAramArthika dRSTi se vizva meM eka hI sattA hai, vaha hai brahma jIva usI kA aMza aura tababhinna hai| jar3a jagat bhI isI kA prativimba athavA sphuliGga hai / adhyAsa athavA avidyA ke kAraNa

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280 vastutaH cidrUpa brahmAMza hI jagat meM jIvarUpa dhAraNa karatA hai / isakI tIna avasthAe~ haiM - ( 1 ) nityazuddha, jaba vaha brahmIbhUta rahatA hai, (2) mukta, jaba vaha saMsAra meM lipta hokara punaH mukta hotA hai aura (3) baDha, jaba yaha saMsAra meM baddha hokara sukha-duHkha bhogatA hai / advaita vedAnta meM saba kucha eka hI hai, jIvabahutva bhrama mAtra hai| brahma aura jIva meM tAttvika bheda nahIM hai| sAMkhya darzana puruSa (jIva ) bahutva mAnatA hai| usake anusAra pratyeka puruSa kA bandha aura mokSa pRthak-pRthak hotA hai| nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana bhI jIvabahutva ke siddhAnta ko mAnate haiN| nimbArka ke mata se jIva aNu hai, vibhu nahIM hai, muktA vasthA meM bhI vaha jIva hI hai / jIva kA nityatva cirasthAyI hai| mukta jIva bhI aNu hai| mukta evaM baddha jIva meM yahI bheda hai ki baddhAvasthA meM jIva brahmasvarUpa kI upalabdhi nahIM kara sktaa| vaha dRdaya jagat ke sAtha ekAtmakatA ko prApta kiye rahatA hai| kintu muktAvasthA meM jIva brahma ke svarUpa kA sAkSAt anubhava karatA hai| vaha apane ko aura jagat ko brahmamaya dekhatA hai| caitanya ke matAnusAra jIva aNu cetana hai / Izvara guNI hai, jIva guNa hai| Izvara dehI, jIva deha hai / jIvAtmA bahu aura nAnAvasthApana hai / Izvara kI vimukhatA hI usake bandhana kA kAraNa hai aura Izvara ke sammukha hone se usake bandhana kaTa jAte haiM aura use svarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra ho jAtA hai| jIva nitya hai / Izvara, jIva, prakRti aura kAla ye cAra padArtha nitya haiM tathA jIva, prakRti aura kAla Izvara ke adhIna hai| jIva Izvara kI zakti evaM brahma zaktimAn hai / jIva (gosvAmI ) - ye caitanyadeva ke ziSya rUpa gosvAmI aura sanAtana gosvAmI ke choTe bhAI ke putra the / inhoMne hI vaiSNavamata kA pracAra karane ke lie zrInivAsa Adi ko granthoM ke sAtha vRndAvana se vaMgadeza meM bhejA thaa| jIva ke guru sanAtana the / rUpa tathA sanAtana donoM kA prabhAva jIva para par3A thaa| caitanyadeva ke antardhAna hone ke bAda jIva vRndAvana cale Aye aura yahIM para unakI pratibhA kA vikAsa huaa| jIva ne vRndAvana meM rAdhA dAmodara ke mandira kI pratiSThA kii| ve vahIM bhagavAn meM jIvana vyatIta karane lage / ke bhajana-pUjana jIva (gosvAmI) - juhU jIva ne rUpa gosvAmI kRta bhaktirasAmRtasindhu kI TIkA, 'kramasandarbha' ke nAma se bhAgavata kI TokA, 'SaTsandarbha', 'bhaktisiddhAnta', 'gopAlacampU' aura 'upadezAmRta' nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kii| jIva gosvAmI ne apane saba grantha acintyabhedAbheda mata ke anusAra likhe haiN| jIva gosvAmI aThArahavIM zatI vi0 ke madhya se usake anta taka jIvita the| 'caitanyacaritAmRta' ke racayitA kRSNadAsa kavirAja para inakA bar3A prabhAva thA / jIvavazA satrahavIM zatI vi0 ke uttarArdha meM rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke eka AcArya aura kavi dhruvadAsa dvArA racita yaha eka grantha hai / putra jIvatputrikA - Azvina kRSNa aSTamI ko una striyoM kA yaha nirambu prata hotA hai, jinake putra jIvita hoM yA jo ke hone aura jIte rahane kI abhilASiNI hoM / de0 'jIvatputrikASTamI' / jIvatputrikASTamI Azvina kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA - anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM mahilAoM ko apane saubhAgya (patnItva) tathA saMtAna ke lie zAlivAhana ke putra jImUtavAhana kI pUjA karanI caahie| jIvantikA vrata kArtikI amAvasyA ke dina dIvAra para jIvantikA devI kI pratimA aGkita karake pUjA karanI cAhie / yaha vrata vizeSa rUpa se mahilAoM ke lie hai / jIvanmukta zarIra ke rahate hue hI mokSa kA anubhava karanevAlA | jisako tattva kA sAkSAtkAra to ho gayA ho parantu prArabdha karma kA bhoga zeSa ho vaha jIvanmukta hai| sacita aura kriyamANa karma usake lie bandhana nahIM utpanna karate / jIvanmukta kI do avasthAe~ hotI haiM -- ( 1 ) samAdhi aura (2) utthAna samAdhi avasthA meM vaha brahmalIna rahatA hai aura zarIra ko zavavat samajhatA hai / utthAna avasthA meM vaha sabhI vyAvahArika kAryoM ko anAsaktabhAva se karatA hai / jIvanmuktiviveka surezvarAcArya dvArA racita eka grantha isameM jJAniyoM kI jIvita avasthA ke rahane para bhI unakI mokSa kI avasthA kA svarUpa batalAyA gayA hai / - - ---- juhU - eka yajJapAtra / Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya meM yaha zabda 'bar3e camace' ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai, jisase devoM ke lie yajJa meM ghRta diyA jAtA hai /

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jyeSThAvata-jainadharma 281 jaina dharma kI do pramukha zAkhAeM hai-digambara aura zvetAmbara / 'digambara' kA artha hai 'dik (dizA) hai ambara (vastra) jisakA' arthAt nagna / aparigraha aura tyAga kA yaha carama udAharaNa hai| isakA uddezya hai sabhI prakAra ke saMgraha kA tyaag| isa zAkhA ke anusAra striyoM ko mokSa nahIM mila sakatA, kyoMki ve vastra kA pUrNataH tyAga nahIM kara sktiiN| inake tIrthaGkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ nagna hotI hai / isake anuyAyI zvetAmbaroM dvArA mAnita aGga sAhitya ko bhI prAmANika nahIM mAnate / 'zvetAmbara' kA artha hai 'zveta (vastra) hai AvaraNa jisakA' / zvetAmbara nagnatA ko vizeSa mahattva nahIM dete| inakI devamUrtiyA~ kaccha dhAraNa karatI haiN| donoM sampradAyoM meM anya koI maulika antara nahIM haiN| eka tIsarA upasampradAya sudhAravAdI sthAnakavAsiyoM kA hai jo mUrtipUjA kA virodhI aura Adima sarala svaccha jyeSThAvrata-bhAdra zukla aSTamI ko jyeSThA nakSatra hone para isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM jyeSThA nakSatra kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai / yaha nakSatra umA tathA lakSmI kA pratIka mAnA jAtA hai| isase alakSmI ( dAridraya tathA durbhAgya ) dUra ho jAtI hai / uparyukta yoga ke dina ravivAra hone para yaha nIla jyeSThA bhI kahalAtI hai| jaitrAyaNa sahojita-kAThaka saMhitA (18.5) meM varNita eka rAjA kA viruda, jisane rAjasUya yajJa kiyA thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ne jaitrAyaNa ko vyaktivAcaka batAyA hai jo pANini ke sandarbha 'karNAdi gaNa' ke anusAra banA hai / kintu kapi- SThala saMhitA meM pATha bhinna hai tathA isase kisI bhI vyakti kA bodha nahIM hotaa| yahA~ kartA indra hai| yaha pATha adhika sambhava hai tathA isase una sabhI rAjAoM kA bodha hotA hai jo isa yajJa ko karate haiN| jaina dharma-veda ko pramANa na mAnane vAlA eka bhAratIya dharma, jo apane naitika AcaraNa meM ahiMsA, tyAga, tapasyA Adi ko pramukha mAnatA hai / jaina zabda 'jina' se banA hai jisakA artha hai 'vaha puruSa jisane samasta mAnavIya vAsanAoM para vijaya prApta kara lI hai|' arhan athavA tIrthakara isI prakAra ke vyakti the, ataH unase pravartita dharma jaina dharma khlaayaa| jaina loga mAnate haiM ki unakA dharma anAdi aura sanAtana hai| kintu kAla se sImita hai, ataH yaha vikAsa aura tirobhAva-krama se do cakroM-utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI meM vibhakta hai| utsarpiNI kA artha hai Upara. jAne vAlI / isameM jIva adhogati se kramaza : uttama gati ko prApta hote haiN| avasarpiNI meM jIva aura jagat kramazaH uttama gati se adhogati ko prApta hote haiN| isa samaya avasarpiNI kA pA~cavA (antima se eka pahalA) yuga cala rahA hai| pratyeka cakra meM caubIsa tIrthaGkara hote haiN| isa cakra ke caubIsoM tIrthaGkara ho cuke haiM / ina caubIsoM ke nAma aura vRtta surakSita haiN| Adi tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva the, jinakI gaNanA sanAtanadharmI hindU viSNu ke caubIsa avatAroM meM karate haiM / inhIM se mAnavadharma (samAjanIti, rAjanIti Adi) kI vyavasthA pracalita huii| teIsaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha hue jinakA nirvANa 776 I0 pU0 meM huaa| caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara vardhamAna mahAvIra hue (de0 'mhaaviir')| inhIM tIrthaGkaroM ke upadezoM aura vacanoM se jaina dharma kA vikAsa aura pracAra huaa| teraha paMthiyoM kI hai jo inase ugra sudhAraka haiN| jaina dharma ke dhArmika upadeza mUlataH naitika haiM, jo adhikatara pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra kI zikSAoM se gRhIta haiN| pAzvanAthajI ke anusAra cAra mahAvrata hai-(1) ahiMsA (2) satya (3) asteya aura (4) aparigraha / mahAvIra ne isameM brahmacarya ko bhI jor3A / isa prakAra jaina dharma ke pA~ca mahAvrata ho gye| inakA Atyantika pAlana bhikSuoM ke lie Avazyaka hai| zrAvaka athavA gRhastha ke lie aNuvrata vyAvahArika hai| vAstava meM jaina dharma kA mUla aura AdhAra ahiMsA hI hai| manasA vAcA karmaNA kisI ko duHkha na pahu~cAnA ahiMsA hai, aprANivadha usakA sthUla rUpa kintu anivArya hai| jIvadhAriyoM ko indriyoM kI saMkhyA ke AdhAra para vargIkRta kiyA gayA hai / jinakI indriyA~ jitanI kama vikasita hai unako zarIratyAga meM utanA hI kama kaSTa hotA hai| isalie ekendriya jIvoM (vanaspati, kanda, phUla, phala Adi) ko hI jainadharmI grahaNa karate haiM, jainadharma meM AcArazAstra kA bar3A vistAra huA hai / choTe se choTe vyavahAra ke lie bhI dhArmika evaM naitika niyamoM kA vidhAna kiyA gayA hai / jainadharma meM dharmavijJAna kA prAyaH abhAva hai, kyoMki yaha jagat ke kartA-dhartA-saMhartA ke rUpa meM Izvara ko nahIM maantaa| Izvara, deva, preta, rAkSasa Adi sabhI kA isameM pratyAkhyAna hai| kevala tIrthakara hI atibhautika puruSa hai, jinakI

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282 pUjA kA vidhAna hai| jaina dharma AtmA meM vizvAsa karatA hai aura prakRti ke pravAha ko sanAtana mAnatA hai| isakA adhyAtmazAstra kAphI jaTila hai| jaina darzana kI jJAnamImAMsA kA AdhAra naya ( athavA nyAya = tarka ) hai / yaha AgamaparamparA kA hai, nigamaparamparA kA nahIM / isake saptabhaGgI naya ko 'svAvAda' kahate haiN| yaha vastu ko aneka dharmAtmaka mAnatA hai aura isake anusAra satya sApekSa aura bahumukhI hai| isako 'anekAntavAda' bhI kahate haiN| isake anusAra eka hI padArtha meM nityatva aura anityasya sAdRzya aura virUpatva, sattva aura asattva Adi paraspara bhinna dharmoM kA sApekSa astitva svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai / 1 jaina darzana ke anusAra vizva hai, barAbara rahA hai aura barAbara rahegA / yaha do antima, sanAtana aura svatantra padArthoM meM vibhakta hai, ve haiM (1) jIva aura (2) ajIva; eka cetana aura dUsarA jar3a, kintu donoM hI aja aura akSara haiM / ajIva ke pA~ca prakAra batalAye gaye haiM : (1) pudgala (prakRti) (2) dharma (gati) (3) adharma ( agati athavA laya ) (4) AkAza (deza) aura (5) kAla (samaya) / sampUrNa jIvadhArI AtmA tathA prakRti ke sUkSma mizraNa se bane hai| unameM sambandha jor3ane vAlI kar3I karma hai / karma ke ATha prakAra aura agaNita upa prakAra haiM / karma se sampRkta hone ke hI kAraNa AtmA aneka prakAra ke zarIra dhAraNa karane ke lie vivaza ho jAtA hai aura isa prakAra janma-maraNa (janma-janmAntara) ke bandhana meM pha~sa jAtA hai| jaina dharma aura darzana kA uddezya hai AtmA ko pudgala (prakRti) ke mizraNa se mukta kara usako kaivalya (kevala zuddha AtmA) kI sthiti meM pahu~cAnA kaivalya kI sthiti meM karma ke bandhana TUTa jAte haiM aura AtmA apane ko pudgala ke avarodhaka bandhanoM se mukta karane meM samartha hotA hai / isI sthiti ko mokSa bhI kahate haiM, jisameM vedanA aura duHkha pUrNataH samApta ho jAte haiM aura AtmA cirantana Ananda kI dazA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai / mokSa kI yaha kalpanA vedAntI kalpanA se bhinna hai| vedAnta ke anusAra mokSAvasthA meM AtmA kA brahma meM vilaya ho jAtA hai, kintu jaina dharma ke anusAra AtmA kA vyaktitva kaivalya meM bhI surakSita aura svatantra rahatA hai| AtmA svabhAvataH nirmala jaimini jaiminibhArata aura praza hai, kintu pudgala ke samparka ke kAraNa utpanna avidyA se bhramita ho karma ke bandhana meM par3atA hai / kaivalya ke lie naya ke dvArA 'kevala jJAna' prApta karanA Avazyaka hai / isake sAdhana haiM -- ( 1 ) samyak darzana (tIrthaGkaroM meM pUrNa zraddhA) (2) samyak jJAna (zAstroM kA pUrNa jJAna ) ( 3 ) samyak cAritrya ( pUrNa naitika AcaraNa) / jaina dharma binA kisI bAharI sahAyatA ke apane puruSArtha dvArA pAra mArthika kalyANa prApta karane kA mArga batalAtA hai / bhAratIya dharma aura darzana ko isane kaI prakAra se prabhAvita kiyA / jJAnamImAMsA ke kSetra meM apane naya siddhAnta dvArA nyAya aura tarkazAstra ko puSTa kiyA / tattvamImAMsA meM AtmA aura prakRti ko Thosa AdhAra pradAna kiyA / AcArazAstra meM naitika AcAraNa, vizeSa kara ahiMsA ko isase nayA bala milA / jaimini - svatantra rUpa se 'jaimini' kA nAma sUtrakAla taka nahIM pAyA jAtA, kintu kucha vaidika granthoM ke vizeSaNa rUpa meM prApta hotA hai / yathA sAmaveda kI 'jaiminIya saMhitA', jisakA sampAdana kaileNDa dvArA huA hai, 'jaiminIya brAhmaNa' jisakA eka aMza jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa hai / inakA kAla lagabhaga caturtha athavA paJcama zatAbdI I0 pU0 hai ye pUrvamImAMsA sUtra' ke racayitA tathA momAMsA darzana ke saMsthApaka the / ye bAdarAyaNa ke samakAlIna the kyoMki mImAMsAdarzana ke siddhAntoM kA brahmasUtra meM aura brahmasUtra ke siddhAntoM kA mImAMsAdarzana meM khaNDana karane kI ceSTA kI gayI hai| mImAMsAdarzana ne kahIM-kahIM para brahmasUtra ke kaI siddhAntoM ko grahaNa kiyA hai| purANoM meM aisA varNana milatA hai ki jaimini vedavyAsa ke ziSya the, inhoMne vedavyAsa se sAmaveda evaM mahAbhArata kI zikSA pAyI thii| mImAMsAdarzana ke atirikta inhoMne bhAratasaMhitA kI, jise jaiminibhArata bhI kahate haiM, racanA kI thI / inhoMne droNaputroM se mArkaNDeya purANa sunA thaa| inake putra kA nAma sumantu aura pautra kA nAma satvAna thA / ina tInoM pitA-putra-pautra ne vedamaMtroM kI eka-eka saMhitA (saMskaraNa) banAyI, jinakA adhyayana hiraNyanAbha, pauSyajji aura Avasya nAma ke tIna ziSyoM ne kiyaa| jaiminibhArata jaiminibhArata yA jaiminIyAzvamegha mUlataH saMskRta bhASA meM hai, jisakA eka anuvAda kannaDa meM lakSmIdevapura ne 1760 I0 meM kiyaa| isameM yudhiSThira ke -

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jeminizrotasUtra-jJAna 283 azvamedhayajJIya azva dvArA bhArata ke eka rAjya se dUsare svAmI zaMkarAcArya dvArA sthApita uttarAmnAya jyotirAjya meM ghUmane kA varNana hai| kintu isakA mukhya uddezya pITha pUrva kAla meM yahA~ vidyamAna thaa| isI kA apabhraMza bhagavAn kRSNa kA yaza varNana karanA hai| nAma jozImaTha hai| kAlAntara meM zAMkaramaTha aura usakI jaiminizrautasUtra-sAmaveda se sambandhita eka sUtra grantha, jo paramparA lupta ho gayI / kevala nAma raha gayA hai, jisake vaidika yajJoM kA vidhAna karatA hai| AdhAra para kucha saMta-mahaMta maidAna ke nagaroM meM dharma pracAra jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa-tANDya aura talavakAra zAkhAe~ karate rahate haiM / sAmaveda ke antargata haiN| unameM jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa jJAti-mUla rUpa meM isa zabda kA artha 'paricita' hai, kintu dUsarI zAkhA se sambandhita hai / isakA anya nAma talabakAra Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya meM isakA artha 'pitApakSIya upaniSad brAhmaNa bhI hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki yaha raktasambandhI loga' samajhA gayA hai| pitRsattAtmaka vaidika grantha prArambhika cha: upaniSadoM meM ginA jAnA caahie| samAja ke gaThana se bhI isa artha kI puSTi hotI hai| yaha jaiminIya nyAyamAlAvistara-jaiminIya nyAyamAlA tathA prAyaH jAti kA paryAya hai| jaminIya nyAyamAlAvistara eka hI grantha hai| ise vijaya- jJAtapApa-bhaktimArga meM pApa do prakAra ke kahe gaye haiMnagara rAjya ke mantrI mAdhavAcArya ne racA hai / mImAMsA drshn| ajJAta tathA jJAta / ajJAta pApoM ko yajJoM se dUra kiyA jA kI pUrNarUpeNa byAkhyA isa grantha meM huI hai| nyAyamAlA . sakatA ha, yAda va yajJa niSkAma bhAva se kiya gaya ho| jaiminisUtroM ke eka-eka prakaraNa ko lekara zlokabaddha jahA~ taka jJAta pApoM kA prazna hai, jaba manuSya bhaktimArga kArikAoM ke rUpa meM hai, vistara usako vivaraNAtmaka meM praviSTa ho athavA niSkAma karma meM lIna ho, to vaha vyAkhyA hai / yaha pUrva mImAMsA kA pramukha grantha hai| isakI pApoM ko yAda karatA hI nahIM, aura karatA bhI hai to upAdeyatA isake chandobaddha hone ke kAraNa bhI hai| bhagavAn use kSamA kara dete haiM / bhagavatkRpA hI jJAta pApa mocana kA mArga hai| jaiminIya brAhmaNa-kRSNa yajurveda kA brAhmaNa bhAga mantrasaMhitA ke sAtha hI grathita hai| usake atirikta cha: brAhmaNagrantha jJAna-janma se manuSya apUrNa hotA hai / jJAna ke dvArA hI usameM pUrNatA AtI hai| brahmarUpa paramAtmA kI sattA meM pRthak rUpa se yajJa sambandhI kriyAoM ke lie mahattvapUrNa AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika tInoM zaktiyA~ haiN| ve haiM aitareya, kauSItaki, paJcaviMza, talavakAra athavA jaiminIya, taittirIya evaM zatapatha / isa prakAra jaiminIya vartamAna haiM / pAdendriya ko adhyAtma, gantavya ko adhibhUta aura viSNu ko adhidaiva mAnA gayA hai| isI prakAra brAhmaNa karmakANDa kA prasiddha grantha hai / jaiminIya zAkhA-sAmasaMhitA kI tIna mukhya zAkhAe~ batAyI vAgindriya tathA cakSurindriya ko kramazaH adhyAtma, vaktavya aura rUpa ko adhibhUta, agni aura sUrya ko adhidaiva kahate jAtI hai-kauthumIya, jaiminIya evaM rANAyanIya zAkhA / haiM / mana ko adhyAtma, mantavya ko adhibhUta aura candramA jaiminIya zAkhA kA pracAra karNATaka meM adhika hai| ko adhidaiva kahA gayA hai / isI krama se prANI ke bhI tIna jaiminIya sUtrabhASya-saM0 1582 vi0 ke lagabhaga 'jaiminIya bhAva hote haiM-Adhibhautika zarIra, Adhidaivika mana aura sUtrabhASya' nAma kA grantha vallabhAcArya ne jaimini ke AdhyAtmika buddhi / ina tInoM ke sAmaJjasya se hI manuSya mImAMsAsUtra para likhA thaa| meM pUrNatA AtI hai / isa pUrNatA kI prApti ke lie Izvara jozImaTha-badarInAtha dhAma se 20 mIla nIce jozImaTha se niHzvasita veda kA adhyayana aura abhyAsa Avazyaka hai, athavA jyotirmaTha sthita hai / yahA~ zItakAla meM cha: mahIne kyoMki vedamantroM meM mUla rUpa se isake upAya nirUpita hai| badarInAthajI kI calamUrti virAjamAna rahatI hai| usa manuSya ko Adhibhautika zuddhi karma ke dvArA, Adhidaivika samaya yahA~ pUjA hotI hai / jyotIzvara mahAdeva tathA bhakta zuddhi upAsanA ke dvArA tathA AdhyAtmika zuddhi jJAna ke vatsala bhagavAn ke do mandira haiN| jyotIzvara zivamandira dvArA prApta hotI hai / AdhyAtmika zuddhi prApta hone para prAcIna hai| jozImaTha se eka rAstA nItI ghATI hokara paramAtmA ke svarUpa kI upalabdhi ho jAtI hai aura manuSya mAnasarovara kailAsa ke lie jAtA hai| ko mokSa mila jAtA hai|

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284 jJAna veda meM jo kahA gayA hai ki jJAna ke binA mukti nahIM milatI, vaha jJAna kI sarvazreSThatA kA hI paricAyaka hai| jJAna tattvajJAnI guru kI niHsvArtha sevA tathA usameM zraddhA rakhane se prApta hotA hai / tattvajJAnI guru apane ziSya kI sevA, jijJAsA tathA zraddhA se santuSTa hokara use jJAnopa- deza dete haiM / jJAna saMsAra meM sarvAdhika pavitra vastu hai| yogI ko bhI pUrNa yogasiddhi milane para hI jJAna kI prApti hotI hai| jJAnamArga meM praveza karane kA adhikAra sAdhanacatuSTaya se sampanna vyakti ko diyA gayA hai| nityAnityavastu- viveka, ihAmutra phalabhogavirAga, zamadamAdi SaTsampatti aura mumukSutva sAdhanacatuSTaya kahalAte haiN| prathama sAdhana meM AtmA kI nityatA aura saMsAra kI anityatA kA vicAra AtA hai / dUsare ke antargata ihaloka aura paraloka sukhabhoga ke prati virakti kA bhAva nihita hai| tIsare meM zama, dama, titikSA, uparati, zraddhA aura samAdhAna-SaT sAdhana / sampattiyoM kA saMcaya hotA hai / tattvajJAna ko chor3a anya viSayoM ke sevana se virakti honA zama hai, indriyoM kA damana dama hai, bhogoM se nivRtti uparati, zItoSNa, sukhaduHkha Adi ko sahana karane kI zakti titikSA, guru aura zAstra meM aTUTa vizvAsa zraddhA tathA paramAtmA ke cintana meM ekAgratA samAdhAna kahe jAte haiM / cauthA sAdhana mokSa prApti kI icchA hI mumukSutva hai / ye cAroM sAdhana jJAnamArgI ke lie Avazyaka haiM, inake abhAva meM koI bhI vyakti jJAnaprApti kA adhikArI nahIM hai| jJAnaprApti ke zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana tIna aMga hai / guru se tattvajJAna sunane kA nAma zravaNa, usa para cintana karane kA nAma manana aura mananakRta padArtha kI upalabdhi kA nAma nididhyAsana hai| inake samyak aura ucita abhyAsa se manuSya ko brahmasvarUpa kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / isa taraha prakRti ke sabhI bhAgoM para cintana karate hue sAdhaka sthUla se lekara sUkSma bhAvoM taka apanA adhikAra sthApita kara letA hai| sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra paMca mahAbhUta, paMca karmendriya, paMca tanmAtrA, mana, ahaMkAra, mahattattva aura prakRti ina caubIsa tattvoM ke AyAma meM sRSTi ke prANI arthAt puruSa prakRti kA upabhoga karate haiN| para vedAntaprakriyA meM prANo kI racanA ke jJAnAthaM paMcakoSoM kA nirUpaNa hotA hai / tadanusAra cetana jIva ke mAyA se mohita hone kI sthiti Anandamaya koSa hai / buddhi aura vicAra vijJAnamaya, jJAnendriya aura mana manomaya, paMcaprANa aura karmendriya prANamaya tathA pAMcabhautika zarIra annamaya koSa hai| ina koSoM meM baddha hokara manuSya yA jIva apane svarUpa ko bhUla jAtA hai, lekina guru kA upadeza milane para jaba use apane vAstavika saccidAnanda brahmasvarUpa kA anubhava hotA hai to use mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| jIva ko mAyA se mukta kara mokSa taka pahu~cAne vAlI kramika sthiti kI sapta jJAnabhUmiyA~ haiM / sthUladarzI puruSa ke lie sIdhe AtmA kA jJAna ho jAnA asambhava hai / isalie prAcIna maharSiyoM ne ina sapta jJAnabhUmiyoM ke nirantara abhyAsa se kramonnati karate hue vijJAnamaya sapta darzanoM ke mAdhyama se mokSa pAne kA mArga banAyA / sapta jJAnabhUmiyoM ke sapta darzana haiM nyAya, vaizeSika, pAtaJjala, sAMkhya, pUrvamImAMsA, daivImImAMsA aura brahmamImAMsA / kramazaH inakI sAdhanA karake jIva jJAnamaya buddhi ho jAne se parama pada ko prApta hotA hai| jJAna prApti ke ye hI mUla tattva haiN| brahmamImAMsA yA vedAnta vicAra ke dvArA sAdhaka ko brahmajJAna taba prApta hotA hai jaba vaha dehAtmavAda se kramazaH AstikatA kI uccabhUmi para agrasara hotA rahatA hai / ataH aise sAdhaka ko ekAeka 'tattvamasi', 'ahaM brahmAsmi' kA upadeza nahIM denA cAhie / jJAnamArga meM praveza cAhane vAle prathama adhikArI ke lie antaHkaraNa ke sukha-duHkha rUpa Atmatattva ke upadeza kA nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana meM vidhAna hai / deha ko AtmA samajhane vAle vyakti ke lie prathama kakSA meM deha aura AtmA kI bhinnatA kA jJAna hI paryApta hai| sUkSma tattva meM sAmAnya vyakti kA ekAeka praveza nahIM ho sakatA, isalie nyAya aura vaizeSika darzana meM AtmA aura zarIra ke kevala pArthakya kA hI jJAna karAyA jAtA hai / isase sAdhaka dehAtmavAda se virata ho vyAvahArika tattvajJAna kI ora agrasara hotA hai| isase Age bar3hane para sAMkhya aura pAtaJjala darzana AtmA ke aura bhI uccatara stara kA digdarzana karAte haiN| ina donoM darzanoM ke anusAra sukha-duHkha Adi saba antaHkaraNa ke dharma haiM / puruSa ko vahA~ asaMga aura kUTastha mAnA gayA hai / puruSa ke antaHkaraNa meM sukha-duHkhAdi kA bhoktabhAva aupacArika hai; tAttvika isalie nahIM hai ki AtmA nilipta aura

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jJAnakANDa-jJAnadeva 285 niSkriya hai| isase yahI niSkarSa nikalA ki sAMkhya aura aura vastu se bhI pare hai| isIlie vaha nitya, vibhu aura pAtaJjala darzana dvArA AtmA kI asaMgatA to siddha hotI hai pUrNa hai / rAjayogI isI nirguNa parabrahma bhAva kA anubhava para ekAtmavAda nhiiN| karatA hai| sAdhaka isa dazA meM nirvikalpa samAdhi dhAraNa sAMkhya meM bahupuruSavAda kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| usase karatA hai| paramAtmA kI advitIya upalabdhi nahIM hotI apitu vaha parabrahma paramAtmA svayaM prakAzamAna haiM, ve sarvAtIta aura pratyeka piNDa meM alaga-alaga kUTastha caitanya ke rUpa meM nirapekSa haiM, unhIM ke tejomaya prakAza se sUrya, candra, nakSatra jJAta hotA hai / isa taraha sAMkhya kI jJAnabhUmi puruSamUlaka aura bijalI Adi prakAzamAna haiN| ina sabakA pratipAdana hai| prakRti ke astitva kI svIkRti ke kAraNa vahA~ prakRti vedAntabhUmi meM hai| isI kI upalabdhi se sAdhaka ko ko anAdi aura ananta kahA gayA hai| nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| yahIM jIvanayajJa kA avasAna isase Age bar3hane para mImAMsAtraya kA Arambha hotA hai| aura jJAnayajJa kI pUrNAhuti hai| karmamImAMsA yA pUrvamImAMsA meM jagat ko hI brahma mAnakara jJAnakANDa-vedoM meM samuccaya rUpa se pradhAnataH tIna viSayoM advitIyatA kI siddhi kI gayI hai| isase jIva dvaitamaya kA pratipAdana haA hai-karmakANDa, jJAnakANDa evaM upAjagat se advaitamaya brahma kI ora jAtA hai| isameM sAdhaka sanAkANDa / jJAnakANDa vaha hai jisase isa loka, paraloka kI gati brahma ke taTastha svarUpa kI ora hotI hai| isake tathA paramAtmA ke sambandha meM vAstavika rahasya kI bAteM anantara daivImImAMsA AtI hai| yaha upAsanAbhUmi hai jo jAnI jAtI haiN| isase manuSya ke svArtha, parArtha tathA brahma kI advitIyatA ko prakRti ke sAtha mizrita kara paramArtha kI siddhi ho sakatI hai| usako zuddha svarUpa kI ora se dikhAtI hai / vahA~ brahma ko vedAnta, jJAnakANDa evaM upaniSad prAyaH samAnArthaka hI jagat kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai / isameM AtmA kA yathArtha ___ zabda hai| veda ke jJAnakANDa ke adhikArI bahuta thor3e se jJAna prakRti ke jJAna ke sAtha hotA hai / muNDakopaniSad ke vyakti hote haiN| adhikAMza karmakANDa ke hI adhikArI haiN| anusAra brahmasattA adhaH, Urdhva sarvatra vyApta hai / zvetAzvata- jJAnacandra-vaizeSika darzana ke eka AcArya / lagabhaga 660 ropaniSad meM bhI agni, Aditya, vAyu, candra aura vi0 ke lagabhaga jJAnacandra ne 'dazapadArtha' nAmaka prantha likhA nakSatrAdi ko brahma kA rUpa mAnA gayA hai| vahA~ paramAtmA jo apane mUla rUpa meM Ajakala prApta to nahIM hai, kintu ko brahmANDa ke sampUrNa carAcara ke rUpa meM varNita kiyA isakA cInI bhASA meM anuvAda pAyA jAtA hai / prasiddhi hai gayA hai aura use strI-puruSa, bAlaka, yuvaka aura vRddha sabhI ki yaha cInI anuvAda 648 I0 meM bauddha yAtrI hvenasA~ga rUpoM meM dekhA gayA hai| isa taraha daivImImAMsA darzana kI ke dvArA kiyA gayA thaa| jJAnabhUmi meM paramAtmA ko vyApaka, nilipta, nitya aura jJAnatilaka-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI kI khojoM se advitIya kAryabrahma ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| prApta aura guru gorakhanAtha dvArA racita granthoM meM se yaha jJAna kI saptama bhUmi brahmamImAMsA vedAnta kI hai| eka hai| isameM nirUpita brahma nirgaNa aura prakRti se pare hai| usameM jJAnadAsa-satrahavIM zatI vi0 ke madhya 40 varSoM meM caitanyamAyA athavA prakRti kA AbhAsa bhI nahIM hai| mAyA usake saMpradAya ke bhakti Andolana ne ba~galA bhASA ke aneka nIce brahma ke Izvara bhAva se sambaddha hai| veda ke anusAra gItakAroM aura kAvya racayitAoM ko janma diyA / jJAnaparamAtmA ke cAra pAdoM meM se eka pAda mAyAcchanna aura dAsa bhI unameM se aise hI sAhityika bhakta the / / sRSTivilasita hai aura zeSa tIna mAyA se pare amRta haiN| jJAnadeva-mahArASTra ke prasiddha santa, jo nAtha sampradAya ke ye tInoM brahmabhAva haiN| yahA~ sAMkhya darzana kA mAyAgata eka AcArya mAne jAte haiM / inakA eka nAma jJAnezvara bhI puruSavAda nahIM hai / yahA~ mAyA kA laya hai isIlie vedAnta hai / marAThI bhASA meM bhagavadgItA para inhoMne bar3I uttama meM mAyA ko anAdi kahakara bhI sAnta kahA gayA hai / mAyA vyAkhyA likhI hai jo 'jJAnezvarI' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| kA ekAnta abhAva hone se zuddha saccidAnanda svarUpa para- ye zuddhAdvaitavAda kA pracAra vallabhAcArya ke lagabhaga tIna brahma kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| nirguNa brahma deza, kAla sau varSoM pahale kara cuke the| inhoMne apane 'amRtAnubhava'

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286 jJAnapAda-jJAnI nAmaka vedAnta grantha meM apanI guruparamparA likhI hai| advaitavAdI saMnyAsI ko parAsta kiyaa| anta meM inhoMne inhIM kI paramparA meM prajJAcakSu mahArAja gulAbarAva jaise vaiSNavamata svIkAra kara liyaa| prakANDa vidvAn aura mahAtmA hue| jJAnasAgara nAma ke kaI grantha hindI Adi anya lokajJAnapAva-zaiva AgamoM evaM saMhitAoM ke cAra vibhAga haiM bhASAoM meM bhI upalabdha hote haiN| inameM sAmpradAyika dharma jJAnapAda, yogapAda, kriyApAda evaM caryApAda / jJAnapAda meM aura darzana sambandhI upadeza pAye jAte haiM / dArzanika tattvoM kA nirUpaNa hai| jJAnasiddhAntayoga-nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI ne guru jJAnaprakAza-sudhAravAdI yA nirgaNavAdI sAhitya sambandhI gorakhanAtha racita 37 granthoM kI khoja kI hai| 'jJAnaeka grantha, jisako 1807 vi0 ke lagabhaga jagajIvanadAsa siddhAntayoga' bhI unameM se eka hai / gorakhapantha ke adhyayana santa ne likhA thaa| ke lie yaha grantha upayogI hai| jJAnayAthArthyavAda-anantAcArya athavA anantArya racita / jJAnasvarodaya--caraNadAsI pantha ke saMsthApaka mahAtmA caraNaviziSTAdvaitavAda kA eka grantha / isameM AcArya kI dArza dAsa ne isa grantha kI racanA kI hai| isameM pantha ke dhArmika nikatA evaM pANDitya kA pUrA paricaya milatA hai| tathA dArzanika siddhAntoM kI carcA hai / jJAnaratnaprakAzikA-tRtIya zrInivAsa dvArA racita eka jJAnAnanda-vedAntAcArya prakAzAnanda ke guru svAmI jJAnAgrantha / isameM dArzanika tattvoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| nanda the / inakA jIvanakAla 15vIM aura 16vIM zatI kA jJAnaliGgajaGgama-vIrazaivoM ke pA~ca bar3e maThoM meM kedArezvara maTha ati prAcIna hai| paramparAnusAra yaha 5000 varSoM se madhya bhAga honA cAhie / svAmI jJAnAnanda kI gaNanA chAndogya tathA kenopaniSad ke vRttikAroM evaM TIkAkAroM meM adhika purAnA hai / mahArAja janamejaya ke rAjatva kAla meM kI jAtI hai| yahA~ ke mahanta svAmI AnandaliGga janama the| inake ziSya jJAnaliGga jaGgama hue| maTha meM prApta eka tAmra jJAnAmRta-(1) mAdhva saMpradAya ke eka granthavyAkhyAkAra / zAsana se patA lagatA hai ki mahArAja janamejaya ne eka AnandatIrtha dvArA taittirIyopaniSad para likhe gaye bhASya bar3A kSetra isa maTha ko isalie dAna diyA thA ki usakI para jJAnAmRta evaM anya AcAryoM ne TIkAeM likhI haiN| . Aya se AnandaliGga ke ziSya jJAnaliGga bhagavAn kedA (2) 'jJAnAmRta, gorakhanAtha likhita eka grantha bhI hai / rezvara kI pUjA kiyA kareM / ukta janamejaya pANDava parIkSita jJAnAmRtasAgara-bhAgavatasampradAya kA eka grantha / 'nAradakA putra thA, yaha kahanA kaThina hai / yaha koI paravartI rAjA pAJcarAtra' aura 'jJAnAmRtasAra' se patA calatA hai ki bhAgavata ho sakatA hai| dharma kI paramparA bauddhadharma ke phailane para bhI naSTa nahIM ho pAyI / isake anusAra haribhajana hI mukti kA parama sAdhana jJAnavasiSTham-smArta sAhitya ke antargata adhyAtmajJAna sambandhI grantha 'yogavAsiSTha rAmAyaNa' bahuta upayogI hai / 'jJAnAmRtasAra' meM chaH prakAra kI bhakti kahI gayI hai : racanA hai| tamila bhASA ke praur3ha granthakAra alanantara smaraNa, kIrtana, vandana, pAdasevana, arcana aura aatmnivedn| madavappattara ne saMvat 1657 vi0 meM yogavAsiSTha kA jJAnAvAptivata-caitra pUrNimA ke uparAnta eka varSa taka isa tamila meM padya anuvAda kiyA hai, jisakA nAma 'jJAna vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM nRsiMha bhagavAn kI prativasiSTham' hai| dina pUjA kA vidhAna hai| sarasoM se homa tathA brAhmaNoM ko madhu, ghRta, zarkarA se yukta bhojana karAnA cAhie / vaizAkha jJAnasamudra-dAdUpanthI santa sundaradAsa (saM0 1655-1746 pUrNimA se tIna dina pUrva upavAsa tathA pUrNimA ke dina vi0) dvArA racita eka grantha / suvarNadAna kA vidhAna hai| isase medhA kI vRddhi hotI hai| jJAnasAgara-yaha grantha AcArya yajJamUrti (devarAja) dvArA tamila jJAnI-paramAtmA ke svarUpa, guNa, zakti Adi ko jAnanebhASA meM racA gayA hai| inhoMne svAmI rAmAnujAcArya vAlA vyakti / prAyaH upaniSad, brahmasUtra, gItA ina tIna se 16 varSoM taka zAstrArtha kiyA, kintu anta meM rAmAnuja prasthAnoM ke adhyayana-cintana aura svAnubhava se paramAtmA ne yAmunAcArya ke 'mAyAvAdakhaNDanam' kA adhyayana kara isa kA jJAna hotA hai / sAMkhya, yoga, vaizeSika darzanoM yA anya

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jJAnezvara-jha 287 saMta-mahAtmAoM ke upadezoM se bhI AtmA-paramAtmA, loka- sUtrakAla meM jyotiSa kI gaNanA chaH vedAGgoM meM hone paraloka Adi kA jJAna ho jAtA hai| isa prakAra se lagI thI / yahA~ taka ki yaha veda kA netra taka samajhA jAne adhyAtmatattvavettA hI jJAnI kahe jAte haiM, jo bhagavAn ke lgaa| vaidika yajJoM aura jyotiSa kA ghaniSTha sambandha ho saguNa yA nirguNa donoM svarUpoM ke jJAtA ho sakate haiN| gyaa| yajJoM ke lie upayukta samaya (nakSatrAdi kI gati jJAnezvara-prAcIna bhAgavata sampradAya kA avazeSa Aja bhI Adi) kA jyotiSa hI nirdeza karatA hai| bhArata ke dakSiNa pradeza meM vidyamAna hai| mahArASTra meM isa jyotiSatantra-'saundaryalaharI' ke 31veM zloka kI vyAkhyA sampradAya ke pUrvAcArya santa jJAnezvara samajhe jAte haiM / jisa meM vidyAnAtha ne 64 tantroM kI sUcI likhI hai| ye do taraha jJAnezvara nAthasampradAya ke antargata yogamArga ke prakAra ke haiM, mizra evaM zuddha / inameM 'jyotiSatantra' mizra puraskartA mAne jAte haiM, usI prakAra bhakti mArga meM ve tantra hai| viSNasvAmI saMpradAya ke puraskartA mAne jAte haiN| phira jyotiHsaratIrtha-kurukSetra ke antargata bhagavadgItA kI upabhI yogI jJAnezvara ne marAThI meM 'amRtAnubhava' likhA jo dezabhUmi jyotiHsara ati pavitra sthAna hai| yahA~ para eka advaitavAdI zaiva paramparA meM AtA hai| nidAna, jJAnezvara ati prAcIna sarovara 'jyotiHsara' athavA 'jJAnasrota' sacce bhAgavata the, kyoMki bhAgavata dharma kI yahI vizeSatA hai ke nAma se prasiddha hai| ki vaha ziva aura viSNu meM abheda buddhi rakhatA hai| jyotIzvara-eka vedAntAcArya, jinakA ullekha zrInivAsa__jJAnezvara ne bhagavadgItA ke Upara marAThI bhASA meM eka dAsa ne viziSTAdvaitavAdI grantha yatIndramatadIpikA meM anya 'jJAnezvarI' nAmaka 10,000 padyoM kA grantha likhA hai| AcAryoM ke sAtha kiyA hai| isakA samaya 1347 vi0 kahA jAtA hai| yaha bhI advaita- jvAlAmukhI devI-himAcala pradeza meM sthita eka tIrtha, jo vAdI racanA hai kintu yaha yoga para bhI bala detI hai / 28 paMjAba ke paThAnakoTa se Age jvAlAmukhIroDa sTezana se abhaMgoM (chaMdoM) kI inhoMne 'haripATha' nAmaka eka pustikA lagabhaga 13 mIla dUra parvata para jvAlAmukhI mandira likhI hai jisa para bhAgavatamata kA prabhAva hai| bhakti kA kahalAtA hai / yaha zAkta pITha hai| jvAlA ke rUpa meM yahA~ , udgAra isameM atyadhika hai| marAThI saMtoM meM ye pramukha zakti kA prAkaTya dekhA jAtA hai| samajhe jAte haiM / inakI kavitA dArzanika tathyoM se pUrNa hai jvAlendranAtha-nAtha sampradAya ke nau nAthoM meM se eka jvAlendratathA zikSita janatA para apanA gaharA prabhAva DAlatI hai| nAtha haiM / inake sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM de0 'jJAnadeva' / hai / saMbhavataH jAlandharanAtha hI jvAlendu yA jvAlendranAtha jJAnezvarI-bhagavadgItA kA marAThI padyabaddha vyAkhyAtmaka ho sakate haiN| anuvAda / 'jJAnezvarI' ko caudahavIM zatI ke madhya meM saMta jJAnezvara ne prastuta kiyaa| unakI yaha kRti itanI vyaJjana varNoM ke cavarga kA caturtha akSara / kAmadhenutantra prasiddha aura sundara haI ki Aja bhI dhArmika sAhitya meM isake svarUpa kA nimnAMkita varNana hai : kA anupama ratna banI huI hai| isameM gItA kA artha bahuta jhakAraM paramezAni kuNDalI mokSarUpiNI hI hRdayagrAhI aura prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se samajhAyA gayA hai| raktavidyullatAkAraM sadA triguNasaMyutam / / de0 'jJAnadeva' tathA 'jJAnezvara' / / paJcadevamayaM varNa paJca prANAtmakaM sadA / jyotiSa-chaH vedAGgoM (zikSA, kalpa, nirukta, vyAkaraNa, tribindusahitaM varNa trizaktisahitaM tathA / / chanda aura jyotiSa) meM se eka vedAGga jyotiSa hai| jyotiSa varNoddhAratantra meM isake aneka nAma batalAye gaye haiM : sambandhI kisI bhI grantha kA prasaMga saMhitAoM athavA jho jhaGkArI guho jhaJjhAvAyuH satyaH SaDunnataH / brAhmaNoM meM nahIM AyA hai| kintu veda ke jyotiSa vijJAna ajezo drAviNI nAdaH pAzI jihvA jalaM sthitiH // sambandhI granthoM kI racanA aura adhyayanaparamparA svatantra virAjendro dhanurhastaH karkazo nAdajaH kujaH / rUpa se calatI rahI hai| dIrghabAhubalo rUpamAkanditaH sucakSaNaH / /

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288 jhaSaketana-TupTokA durmukho naSTa AtmavAn vikaTA kucamaNDalaH / kalahaMsapriyA vAmA aGgalImadhyaparvakaH / / Ta-vyaJjana varNoM ke Tavarga kA prathama akssr| kAmadhenutantra meM dakSahAsAdRhAsazca pAthAtmA vyaJjanaH svaraH // isake svarUpa kA varNana nimnAGkita hai : isake dhyAna kI vidhi nimnAMkita hai : .. TakAraM caJcalApAGgi svayaM paramakuNDalI / dhyAnamasya pravakSyAmi zRNuSva kamalAnane / koTi vidyullatAkAraM paJcadevamayaM sadA // santaptahemavarNAbhAM raktAmbaravibhUSitAm / / paJcaprANayutaM varNa guNatrayasamanvitam / raktacandanaliptAGgI raktamAlyavibhUSitAm / trizaktisahitaM varNa tribindusahitaM sadA // caturdazabhujAM devIM ratnahArojjvalAM parAm // tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAma batalAye gaye hai : dhyAtvA brahmasvarUpAM tAM tanmantraM dazadhA japet / / TaGkArazca kapAlI ca somadhA khecarI dhvaniH / jhaSaketana-kAmadeva kA eka viruda / isakA artha hai 'jhaSa mukundo vinadA pRthvI vaiSNavI vAruNI nayaH / / (makara athavA matsya) ketana (dhvajA) hai jisakA' / makara dakSAGgakArddhacandrazca jarA bhUti punarbhavaH / aura matsya donoM hI kAma ke pratIka haiN| bRhaspatirdhanuzcitrA pramodA vimalA kaTiH / / jhaSAGka-de0 'jhaSaketana' / isakA artha bhI kandarpa athavA kAma- rAjA girimahAdhanurmANAtmA sumukho marut / deva hai / hemacandra ke anusAra aniruddha kA bhI yaha paryAya hai| TippaNI-kisI grantha ke Upara yatra-tatra vizeSa sUcanikA jhaMsI (pratiSThAnapura)-prayAga se pUrva gaGgA ke vAma taTa jaise ullekha ko TippaNI' kahate haiN| para yaha eka tIrthasthala hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ candra- 'mahAbhASya' kI TIkA upaTIkAe~ kaiyaTa aura nAgeza ne vaMzI rAjA purUravA kI rAjadhAnI thii| vartamAna jhUsI kI likhI haiM, una para AvazyakatAnusAra yatra-tatra 'vaidyanAtha bagala meM triveNIsaMgama ke sAmane purAnA durga hai, jo aba pAyaguNDe ne 'chAyA' nAmaka TippaNI likhI hai| bahuta se kucha TIlA aura guphA mAtra raha gayA hai| vahIM 'samudrakUpa' aise dhArmika aura dArzanika grantha haiM jina para bhASya, TIkA, nAmaka kuA~ hai, jo bar3A pavitra mAnA jAnA hai| ho TippaNI Adi kramazaH pAye jAte haiN| sakatA hai ki isakA sambandha gupta samrAT samudragupta se TIkA-granthoM ke bhASya athavA vivaraNa lekhoM ko TIkA bhI ho| kahate haiM ( TIkyate gamyate pravizyate jJAyate anayA iti ) / vAstava meM 'TIkA' lalATa meM lagAyI jAnevAlI kuMkuma ja-vyaJjana varNoM ke cavarga kA paJcama akSara / kAmadhenu- Adi kI rekhA ko kahate haiN| isI taraha prAcIna hasta tantra meM isake svarUpa kA nimnAMkita varNana hai : lekhapatra ke kendra yA madhyasthala meM mUla racanA likhI sadA IzvarasaMyuktaM jakAraM zRNu sundari / jAtI thI aura Urdhva bhAga meM lalATa ke tilaka kI taraha . raktavidyullatAkAraM yA svayaM parakuNDalI // mUla kI vyAkhyA likhI jAtI thii| mastakastha TIkA ke paJcadevamayaM varNaM paJca prANAtmakaM sadA / sAdRzya se hI granthavyAkhyA ko bhI TIkA kahA jAne trizaktisahitaM varNaM trivindusahitaM sadA / / lgaa| grantha ke Urdhva bhAga meM TIkA ke na amAne para use tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAma batalAye gaye haiM : patra ke nicale bhAga meM bhI likha liyA jAtA thaa| akAro bodhanI vizvA kuNDalI viyat / TupTIkA-pUrvamImAMsA viSayaka 'zabarabhASya' para aSTama kaumArI nAgavijJAnI savyAGgalaM makho vakaH / / zatI vi0 ke uttarArddha meM kumArila bhaTTa ne eka anubhASya sarvezacUrNitA buddhiH svargAtmA ghargharadhvaniH / likhA, jisake tIna bhAga haiM-(1) zlokavAttika (padyamaya, dharmekapAdaH sumukho virajA candanezvarI // adhyAya eka ke prathama pAda para) (2) tantravArtika (gadya, gAyanaH puSpadhanvA ca rAgAtmA ca varAkSiNI / / adhyAya eka ke avazeSa tathA adhyAya do va tIna para) aura ekAkSarakoSa meM isakA artha 'gharghara dhvani' hai| parantu (3) TupTIkA (gdy)| TupTIkA adhyAya cAra se bAraha taka ke medinIkoSa ke anusAra isakA artha 'zukra' athavA 'vAma- Upara saMkSipta TippaNI hai| (pUrvamImAMsA darzana kula bAraha gati' hai| adhyAyoM meM hai|)

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Tha-duNDirAjapUjA Tha-vyaJjana vargoM ke Tavarga kA dvitIya akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : ThakAraM caJcalApAGgi kuNDalI mokSarUpiNI / pItavidyullatAkAraM sadA triguNa saMyutam // paJcadevAtmakaM varNa paJcaprANamayaM sadA / tribindusahitaM varNa trizaktisahitaM sadA / / tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAmoM kA ullekha hai : ThaH zanyo maJjarI bIjaH pANinI lAGgalI kSayA / vanago nandajo jihvA sunaJjo ghUrNakaH sudhA / / vartulaH kuNDalo vahniramRtaM candramaNDalaH / dakSajAnUrupAdaJca devabhakSo bRhamuniH / / ekapAdo vibhUtizca lalATaM sarvamitrakaH / vRSaghno nalinI viSNumahezo grAmaNI zazI // -yaha ziva kA eka viruda hai / ekAkSarakoza meM isakA artha 'mahAdhvani' tathA 'candramaNDala' hai| donoM hI ziva ke pratIka haiN| Thakkura-devatA kA paryAya / brAhmaNoM (bhUsuroM) ke lie bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| anantasaMhitA meM isI artha meM yaha prayukta hai : 'zrIdAmanAmA gopAlaH zrImAn sundaraThakkuraH / ' prAyaH viSNu ke avatAra kI devamUrti ko Thakkura kahate hai| ucca varga ke kSatriya Adi kI prAkRta upAdhi 'ThAkura' bhI isI se nikalI hai| kisI bhI prasiddha vyakti ko Thakkura yA ThAkura kahA jA sakatA hai, jaise 'kAvyapradIpa' ke prakhyAta lekhaka ko govinda Thakkura kahA gayA hai, baMgAla ke devendranAtha, ravIndranAtha Adi mahAnubhAva ThAkura kahe jAte the| kaumArI zaGkarastrAsastrivakro maMgaladhvaniH / durUho jaTilI bhImA dvijihvaH pRthivI satI / / koragiriH kSamA kAnti bhiH svAtI ca locanam // Damaru-bhagavAn ziva kA vAdya aura mUla nAda (svara) kA prtiik| yaha 'Anaddha' varga kA vAdya hai, jise kApAlika bhI dhAraNa karate haiN| 'sArasundarI' (dvitIya pariccheda) ke anusAra yaha madhya meM kSINa tathA do guTikAoM para Alambita hotA hai (kSINamadhyo guttikaadvyaalmbitH)| suprasiddha pANinIya vyAkaraNa ke Arambhika caturdaza sUtra zaMkara ke caudaha bAra kiye gaye DamaruvAdana se hI nikale mAne jAte haiN| bhagavAn kI kRpA se pANini muni ko vaha dhvani vyakta akSaroM ke rUpa meM sunAI par3I thii| DAkinI-kAlI mAtA kI gaNa-deviyA~ / brahmavaivartapurANa (prakRti khaNDa) meM kathana hai : 'sArddhazca DAkinInAJca vikaTAnAM trikoTibhiH / / DAkino kA zAbdika artha hai 'Da = bhaya utpanna karane ke lie, akinI = vakra gati se calatI hai|' DAmara-bhagavAn ziva dvArA praNIta zAstroM meM eka DAmara (tantra) bhI hai / isakA zAbdika artha hai 'camatkAra / ' isameM bhUtoM ke camatkAra kA varNana hai| kAzIkhaNDa (29.70) meM isakA ullekha hai : "DAmaro DAmarakalpo navAkSaradevImantrasya pratipAdako granthaH / " [ durgA devI ke nau akSara vAle mantra kA rahasyavistAraka grantha DAmara kahalAtA hai / ] vArAhItantra meM isakI TIkA milatI hai / isake anusAra DAmara chaH prakAra kA hai : (1) yoga DAmara, (2) ziva DAmara, (3) durgA DAmara, (4) sArasvata DAmara, (5) brahma DAmara aura (3) gandharva DAmara / koTacakra vizeSa kA nAma bhI DAmara hai| 'samayAmata' grantha meM ATha prakAra ke koTacakroM kA varNana hai, jinameM DAmara bhI eka hai / de0 'cakra' / Da-vyaJjana varNoM ke Tavarga kA tRtIya akSara / isake svarUpa kA varNana kAmadhenutantra meM nimnAMkita hai : DakAraM caJcalApAGgi sadA triguNa saMyutam / paJcadevamayaM varNaM paJcaprANamayaM sadA / / trizakti sahitaM varNa tribindusahitaM sadA / caturjJAnamayaM varNa AtmAditattva saMyutam / / pItavidyullatAkAraM DakAraM praNamAmyaham // tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAma pAye jAte haiM : DhakkA-eka Anaddha varga kA vAdya, jo devamandiroM meM vizeSa avasaroM para bajAne ke lie rakhA rahatA hai : "nanAda DhakkAM navapaJcavAram / " DhuNDirAjapUjA-mAgha zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| vratI ko tila ke laDDuoM kA naivedya

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290 Dhaukana-tasva gaNezajI ko arpaNa karanA cAhie tathA bAda meM prasAda zatAbdI meM yaha sthAna vidyApITha ke rUpa meM pUrNa rUpa se rUpa meM vahI grahaNa karanA caahie| tila tathA ghRta kI prasiddha ho cukA thA tathA rAjagRha, kAzI evaM mithilA ke AhutiyoM se homa kA vidhAna hai| 'daNDi' kI vyutpatti ke vidvAnoM ke AkarSaNa kA kendra bana gayA thaa| sikandara ke lie de0 skandapurANa kA kAzIkhaNDa, 57.32 tathA AkramaNa ke samaya yaha vidyApITha apane dArzanikoM ke lie prasiddha thaa| puruSArthaci0, 95 / Dhokana-kisI devatA ke arpaNa ke lie prastuta naivedya yA __ kosala ke rAjA prasenajita ke putra tathA bimbisAra ke rAjavaidya jIvaka ne takSazilA meM hI zikSA pAyI thii| upahAra ko 'DhIkana' kahate haiM / kuru tathA kosalarAjya nizcita saMkhyA meM yahA~ prati varSa chAtroM ko bhejate the| takSazilA ke eka dhanuHzAstra ke Na-vyaJjanoM kA pandrahavA~ tathA Tavarga kA paJcama akSara / vidyAlaya meM bhArata ke vibhinna bhAgoM se saikar3oM rAjakumAra kAmadhenutantra meM isake svarUpa kA nimnAMkita varNana hai : yuddhavidyA sIkhane Ate the / pANini bhI isI vidyAlaya ke NakAraM paramezAni yA svayaM parakuNDalI / chAtra rahe hoNge| jAtakoM meM yahA~ par3hAye jAne vAle viSayoM pItavidyullatAkAraM paJcadevamayaM sadA / / meM vedatrayI evaM aThAraha kalAoM evaM zilpoM kA varNana paJcaprANamayaM devi sadA triguNasaMyutam / milatA hai / sAtavIM zatI meM jaba hvenasA~ga idhara bhramaNa AtmAditattvasaMyukta mahAmohapradAyakam // karane AyA taba isakA gaurava samApta prAya thaa| phAhiyAna tantrazAstra meM isake caubIsa nAmoM kA ullekha pAyA ko bhI yahA~ koI zaikSaNika mahattva kI bAta nahIM prApta jAtA hai : huI thii| vAstava meM isakI zikSA viSayaka carcA mauryakAla No nirguNaM ratirjJAnaM jambhanaH pakSivAhanaH / ke bAda nahIM sunI jaatii| sambhavataH barbara videziyoM ke jayA zambho narakajita niSkalA yoginIpriyaH / / AkramaNoM ne ise naSTa kara diyA, saMrakSaNa denA to dUra kI dvimukhaM koTavI zrotraM samRddhirbodhinI mtaa| bAta thii| trinetro mAnuSI vyomadakSa pAdAGgulermukhaH / / taMjaura-karnATaka pradeza meM kAverI nadI ke taTa para basA mAdhavaH zaGkhinI vIro nArAyaNazca nirNayaH / / haA eka sAMskRtika nagara / colavaMza ke rAjarAjezvara NatvadarpaNa-tRtIya zrInivAsa paNDita dvArA racita granthoM meM nAmaka nareza ne yahA~ bRhadIzvara nAma se bhagavAn zaMkara eka kRti / isameM viziSTAdvaita mata kA samarthana tathA anya ke bhavya mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isakI sthApatya matoM kA khaNDana hai| racanAkAla aThArahavIM zatI vi0 kA kalA bahuta prazaMsanIya hai| mandira kA zikhara 200 phuTa uttarArdha hai| U~cA hai aura nandI kI mUrti 16 phuTa lambI, 13 phuTa U~cI tathA 7 phuTa moTI eka hI patthara kI banI hai / isakA zilpa kauzala dekhane ke lie videza ke yAtrI bhI takSaka vaizAleya-takSaka vaizAleya (vizAlA kA vaMzaja) Ate haiN| taMjaura kA dUsarA tIrtha amRtavApikA sarasI aprasiddha Rtvija hai, jise atharvaveda (7.10,29) meM hai / purANoM ke anusAra yaha parAzarakSetra hai| pUrvakAla meM virAja kA putra kahA gayA hai| paJcaviMza brAhmaNa vaNita yaha taMjana nAmaka rAkSasa kA nivAsa sthAna thA jisako sarpayajJa meM ise brAhmaNAcchaMsI purohita kahA gayA hai| RSiyoM ne tIrtha meM parivartita kara diyaa| takSazilA-bRhattara bhArata kA eka prAcIna aura mahattvapUrNa tattva-kisI vastu kA nizcita astitva yA Antarika vidyA kendra tathA gandhAra prAnta kI rAjadhAnI / rAmAyaNa bhAva / sUkSma antarAtmA se lekara mAnava aura bhautika meM ise bharata dvArA rAjakumAra takSa ke nAma para sthApita sambandhoM ko suvyavasthita karane vAle niyamoM taka ke lie batAyA gayA hai, jo yahA~ kA zAsaka niyukta kiyA gayA isakA prayoga hotA hai| sAMkhya ke anusAra prakRti ke thA / janamejaya kA sarpayajJa isI sthAna para huA thA (mahA- vikAsa tathA puruSa ko lekara chabbIsa tattva hai| trika bhArata 1.3.20) / mahAbhArata athavA rAmAyaNa meM isake siddhAnta ke anusAra chattIsa tattva haiM, jinakA svarUpa usa vidyAkendra hone kI carcA nahIM hai, kintu I0 pU0 saptama samaya prakaTa hotA hai jaba ziva kI cicchakti ke vilAsa

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tattvakaumudI-tattvabodhinI 291 se prerita hokara vizva kI sRSTi hotI hai / isa prakriyA ko tattvadIdhiti-saM0 1457 vi0 meM raghanAtha ziromaNi ne 'AbhAsa' bhI kahate haiN| gaGgeza upAdhyAya racita 'tattvacintAmaNi' para 'tattvadItatvakaumadI-AcArya vAcaspati mizra ne sAMkhyakArikA para dhiti' nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai| tattvakaumudI nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kI hai| __ tattvadIdhitiTippaNI-jagadIza tarkAlaGkAra (1667 vi0) tattvakaumudIvyAkhyA-caudahavIM zatI vi0 ke uttarArdha meM ne raghunAtha ziromaNi ke grantha 'tattvadIdhiti' para 'tattvabhAratI yati ne bAcaspatimizraracita 'sAMkhyatattvakaumudI' dIdhitiTippaNI' nAmaka upaTIkA likhI hai| para 'tattvakaumudIvyAkhyA' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| tattvadIpana-15vIM zatI meM AcArya akhaNDAnanda ne advaitatattvakaustubha-bhaTToji dIkSitakRta 'tattvakaustubha' nAmaka vedAntIya zArIrakabhASya sambandhI grantha 'paJcapAdikAvedAnta viSayaka grantha hai| isameM dvaitavAda kA khaNDana vivaraNa' ke Upara 'tattvadIpana' nAmaka nibandha likhA / yaha kiyA gayA hai| prAmANika racanA mAnI jAtI hai / tasvadIpanibandha-vallabhAcArya ne saMskRta meM aneka vidvattAsattvacintAmaNi-navya nyAya para maithila vidvAn gaGgezo pUrNa granthoM kI racanA kI, jinameM se unake siddhAntoM ko pAdhyAya racita yaha ati prasiddha grantha hai| aneka AcAryoM saMkSepa meM batalAne vAlI 'tattvadIpanibandha' padyamaya ne isa para TIkA va bhASya likhe haiN| racanA hai / isake sAtha 'prakAza' nAmaka gadya TIkAbhAga tatvacintAmaNivyAkhyA-vAsudeva sArvabhauma (1533 vi0) tathA satraha saMkSipta pustikAoM kA bhAga bhI jur3A huA hai / ne gaGgezopAdhyAya racita prasiddha nyAyagrantha 'tattvacintA tattvanirUpaNa-pandrahavIM zatI meM rAmya jAmAtA muni ne maNi' para yaha vyAkhyA likhI hai| tattvanirUpaNa nAmaka nibandha likhA / yaha viziSTAdvaitamaMta tattvaTIkA-vedAntAcArya veGkaTanAtha (1325 vi0) ne tattva- kA samarthaka sammAnya grantha hai / TIkA nAmaka grantha tamila bhASA meM likhA / bhagavadbhakti tattvanirNaya-zrIvaiSNava matAvalambI varadAcArya (terahavIM isameM kUTa-kUTakara bharI hai| zatAbdI vikramIya) ne 'tattvanirNaya' nAmaka grantha kI tattvatraya-(1) rAmAnuja svAmI dvArA pratipAdita vizi racanA kI, jisameM unhoMne viSNu ko hI parabrahma siddha STAdvaita mata ke anusAra saSTi ke mala meM tIna tattva hai kiyA hai / yaha grantha sambhavataH aprakAzita hai| (1) Izvara (sarvAtmA) (2) cit (AtmA) aura (3) tattvaprakAza-zivajJAna yogI ne, jo zaiva sampradAya kI acit (jaDa prakRti) / prathama tattva hI vAstava meM tattva hai tamila zAkhA ke prasiddha AcArya the, tamila meM 'tattvavajo pichale do se viziSTa hai| ina tInoM meM sAyujya pirakAza' ( saM0 tattvaprakAza ) nAmaka granya kI racanA kI sambandha hai| thii| racanAkAla 18vIM zatI hai| tattvaprakAzikA-jayatIrtha ( saM0 1397 vi0 ) ne AcArya (2) lokAcArya dakSiNa ke eka prasiddha vaiSNava vidvAna madhvaracita 'vedAntasUtrabhASya' para 'tattvaprakAzikA' nAmaka ho cuke haiM / inakA kAla vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai, TIkA likhI hai| inhoMne viziSTAdvaita siddhAnta ko samajhAne ke lie 'tattvatraya' evaM 'tattvazekhara' nAmaka grantha likhe| donoM grantha tattvapradIpikA-(1) terahavIM zatAbdI meM citsukhAcArya ne sarala evaM subodha hai| tattvatraya meM cittattva athavA Atma apane 'tattvapradIpikA' nAmaka grantha meM nyAyalIlAvatIkAra tattva, acittattva athavA jaDatattva aura Izvaratattva kA vallabhAcArya ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| tatvapradIpikA nirUpaNa karate hue rAmAnujIya siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kA dUsarA nAma 'citsukhI' hai| (2) terahavIM zatI ke antima caraNa meM trivikrama ne kiyA gayA hai| madhvAcArya racita 'vedAntasUtrabhASya' para 'tattvapradIpikA' tattvatrayaculukasaMgraha-pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya varadaguru nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| ne rAmAnuja mata kI vyAkhyA karate hue 'tattvatrayaculuka- tattvabodhinI-solahavIM zatAbdI ko uttarArddha meM advaita mata saMgraha' nAmaka grantha likhA hai| ke pramukha AcArya nRsiMhAzrama svAmI udbhaTa dArzanika evaM

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292 tattvamaJjarI-tantra prauDha paNDita hue haiN| inakI racI 'tattvabodhinI' sarva- tattvasaMkhyAna-madhvAcArya ke granthoM meM se eka grantha 'tattvajJAtmamunikRta 'saMkSepazArIraka' kI vyAkhyA hai / saMkhyAna' hai| jayatIrthAcArya ne isakI TIkA likhI hai / tattvamaJjarI-satrahavIM zatAbdI meM madhva matAvalambI isameM tattvoM kI saMkhyA aura vyAkhyA dI gayI hai| rAghavendra svAmI racita yaha eka grantha hai| tattvasAra-varadAcArya athavA naDADurammala ne 'tattvasAra' tattvamasi-'tuma vaha (brahma) ho' yaha mahAvAkya evaM 'mArArthacatuSTaya' nAmaka do grantha likhe / 'tattvasAra' chAndogya upaniSad meM AyA hai / uddAlaka AruNi ne padya meM hai aura usameM upaniSadoM ke upadeza tathA dArzanika apane putra zvetaketu ko isakA upadeza kiyA hai / yaha mata kA sArAMza diyA gayA hai| sampUrNa aupaniSadika jJAna kA sAra hai| isakA tAtparya tattvAnusandhAna-mahAdeva sarasvatI kRta 'tattvAnasandhAna' hai vyaktigata AtmA kA vizvAtmA ( brahma) se abheda / prakaraNagrantha hai| isake Upara unhoMne 'advaitacintAtattvamArtaNDa-aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM tRtIya kaustubha' nAma kI TIkA bhI likhI hai / 'tattvAnusandhAna' zrInivAsa dvArA racita 'tattvamArtaNDa' viziSTAdvaita mata bahuta sarala bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| isase sahaja meM hI kA samarthana evaM anya matoM kA khaNDana karatA hai| tasiddhAnta kA jJAna ho sakatA hai / racanAkAla aThAra havIM zatAbdI hai| tattvamuktAkalApa-veGkaTanAtha vedAntAcArya likhita yaha tattvAloka-terahavIM zatI vi0 ke uttarArdha meM jayadeva grantha tamila bhASA meM hai| isakI racanA vikrama kI cauda mizra ne 'tattvAloka' nAmaka bhASya gaGgeza upAdhyAya racita havIM yA pandrahavIM zatI meM huii| 'tattvacintAmaNi' para likhA hai| tattvabindu-vAcaspati mizra ne bhaTTamata para 'tattvabindu' tattvAlokarahasya-satrahavIM zatI vi0 ke prArambha meM mathunAmaka TIkA likhI hai|| rAnAtha ne 'tattvAlokarahasya' nAmaka grantha likhaa| ise tattvaviveka-isa nAma ke do grantha haiN| prathama ke racayitA mAthurI yA mathurAnAthI bhI kahate haiN| yaha tattvacintAadvaita sampradAya ke AcArya nRsiMhAzrama hai| yaha grantha maNi kI eka TIkA hai| prakAzita hai / isameM kevala do pariccheda haiN| isake Upara tattva rayara-sittara ( cittara athavA siddha ) zavoM kI hI unhoMne svayaM hI 'tattvavivekadIpana' nAma kI eka TIkA tamila zAkhA hai, jo mUrtipUjA kI virodhinI hai / 18vIM likhI hai / dUsarA grantha madhvAcArya racita hai| zatI vi0 meM isa mata ke 'tattuva rayara' nAmaka AcArya tattvavaizAradI-saM 907 vi0 ke lagabhaga yogasUtra para ne mUrtipUjAvirodhI eka grantha likhA, jisakA nAma vAcaspati mizra ne 'tattvavaizAradI' nAmaka TIkA likhI / ta mitha na tattvavazAradA nAmaka TAkA likhA / 'adaGgana maraI' haiM / dArzanika zailI meM yaha 'yogasUtrabhASya' se bhI uttama grantha / tattvodyota-madhvAcArya likhita eka grantha, jisakI TIkA hai| isameM viSayoM kA krama evaM zabdayojanA zRMkhalA- jayatIrthAcA ne likhI hai| baddha hai| tantra-tantrazAstra zivapraNIta kahA jAtA hai| yaha tIna tattvazekhara-vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM vaiSNava bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai : Agama, yAmala evaM mukhya tantra / AcAryoM meM prasiddha lokAcArya ne rAmAnujIya siddhAnta vArAhItantra ke anusAra jisameM sRSTi, pralaya, devatAoM kI samajhAne ke lie do granthoM kI racanA kI-tattvatraya' pUjA, satkaryoM ke sAdhana, purazcaraNa, SaTkarmasAdhana aura evaM 'tattvazekhara' / prathama meM tattvoM kA vargIkaraNa aura cAra prakAra ke dhyAnayoga kA varNana ho use Agama kahate vyAkhyA tathA dvitIya meM unake uccatara dArzanika pakSoM kA hai| jisameM sRSTitattva, jyotiSa, nitya kRtya, krama, sUtra, vivecana hai| varNabheda aura yugadharma kA varNana ho use yAmala kahate haiM / tattvasamAsa-sAMkhyadarzana kA saMkSipta sUtragrantha / isameM sAMkhya- jisameM sRSTi, laya, mantra nirNaya, tIrtha, Azramadharma, kalpa, siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa 'sAMkhyakArikA' se bhinna zailI meM jyotiSasaMsthAna, vratakathA, zauca-azauca, strIpuruSalakSaNa, kiyA gayA hai / kahA jAtA hai ki kapila muni kI mukhya rAjadharma, dAnadharma, yugadharma, vyavahAra tathA AdhyAtmika racanA yahI hai| niyamoM kA varNana ho, vaha mukhya tantra kahalAtA hai /

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tantra-tanmAtrA 293 isa zAstra ke siddhAntAnusAra kaliyuga meM vaidika mantroM, tantra bauddha tantroM se bhI pahale prakaTita hae haiM, isameM japoM aura yajJoM Adi kA phala nahIM hotaa| isa yuga meM sandeha nhiiN| saba prakAra ke kAryoM kI siddhi ke lie tantrazAstra meM tantroM ke mata se sabase pahale dIkSA grahaNa karake tAntrika varNita mantroM aura upAyoM Adi se hI saphalatA milatI kAryoM meM hAtha DAlanA cAhie / binA dIkSA ke tAntrika hai / tantra zAstra ke siddhAnta bahuta gupta rakhe jAte haiM aura kArya meM adhikAra nahIM hai| isakI zikSA lene ke lie manuSya ko pahale dIkSita honA ___ tAntrika gaNa pA~ca prakAra ke AcAroM meM vibhakta haiM, ye par3atA hai| Ajakala prAyaH mAraNa, uccATana, vazIkaraNa zreSThatA ke krama se nimnokta haiM : vedAcAra, vaiSNavAcAra, Adi ke lie tathA aneka prakAra kI siddhiyoM ke lie zaivAcAra, dakSiNAcAra, vAmAcAra, siddhAntAcAra evaM tantrokta maMtroM aura kriyAoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| kaulAcAra / ye uttarottara zreSTha mAne jAte haiM / yaha zAstra pradhAnataH zAktoM (devI-upAsakoM) kA hai tantracUDAmaNi-kRSNadeva nirmita 'tantracUDAmaNi' prasiddha aura isake mantra prAyaH arthahIna aura ekAkSarI huA karate tAntrika grantha hai| haiM / jaise-hrIM, klIM, zrIM, aiM, kaM Adi / tAntrikoM kA tantraratna--pArthasArathi mizra racita yaha jaiminikRta 'pUrvapaJca makAra sevana (madya, mAMsa, matsya Adi) tathA cakra- mImAMsAsUtra' kI TIkA hai| racanAkAla lagabhaga 1300 pUjA kA vidhAna svataMtra hotA hai / atharvaveda meM bhI mAraNa, I0 hai| mohana, uccATana aura vazIkaraNa Adi kA vidhAna hai| tantrarAja-yaha tAntrika grantha adhika sammAnya hai| isameM parantu kahate haiM ki vaidika kriyAoM aura tantra-mantrAdi likhA hai ki gaur3a, kerala aura kazmIra ina tInoM dezoM ke vidhiyoM ko mahAdevajI ne kIlita kara diyA hai aura loga hI vizuddha zAkta haiN| bhagavatI umA ke Agraha se kaliyuga ke lie tantroM kI tantravArtika-bhaTTapAda kumArila racita yaha grantha pUrvamImAMracanA kI hai / bauddhamata meM bhI tantra grantha hai / unakA sAdarzana ke zAbara bhASya kA samarthaka tathA vivaraNAtmaka pracAra cIna aura tibbata meM hai| hindU tAntrika unheM hai| isameM prathama adhyAya ke dvitIya pAda se lekara dvitIya upatantra kahate haiN| aura tRtIya adhyAya taka bhAga kI vyAkhyA hai| prathama tantrazAstra kI utpatti kaba se haI isakA nirNaya nahIM adhyAya ke prathama pAda kI vyAkhyA 'zlokavArtika' meM kI ho sktaa| prAcIna smatiyoM meM caudaha vidyAoM kA gayI hai| ullekha hai kintu unameM tantra gRhIta nahIM huA hai| inake tantrasAra-isakI racanA saMvat 1860 vi0 meM mAnI jAtI sivA kisI mahApurANa meM bhI tantrazAstra kA ullekha nahIM hai| isameM dakSiNamArgIya AcAroM kA vidhAna hai| hai| isI taraha ke kAraNoM se tantrazAstra ko prAcIna kAla sundara zlokoM se paripUrNa isake pRSThoM meM aneka yantra, meM vikasita zAstra nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| atharvavedIya cakra evaM maNDala nirmita haiN| isakA baGgAla meM adhika nRsiMhatApanIyopaniSad meM sabase pahale tantra kA lakSaNa pracAra hai| dekhane meM AtA hai / isa upaniSad meM mantrarAja narasiMha- tantrasArasaMgraha-yaha madhvAcArya dvArA praNIta granthoM meM se anuSTup prasaMga meM tAntrika mahAmantra kA spaSTa AbhAsa eka hai| sUcita huA hai / zaGkarAcArya ne bhI jaba ukta upaniSad ke tantrAmRta-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM ullikhita tantrasUcI ke bhASya kI racanA kI hai taba nissandeha vaha vi0 kI 8vIM antargata yaha tantra grantha hai / zatAbdI se pahale kI hai / hinduoM ke anukaraNa se bauddha tantrAloka-abhinavagupta (kazmIrI zaivoM ke eka AcArya, tantroM kI racanA huI hai| vi0 kI 10vIM zatAbdI se 11vIM vi0 zatI) dvArA likhita 'tantrAloka' zaivamata kA 12vIM zatAbdI ke bhItara bahuta se bauddha tantroM kA tibbatIya pUrNa rUpa se dArzanika varNana upasthita karatA hai| bhASA meM anuvAda huA thA / aisI dazA meM mUla bauddha tantra tanmAtrA-'paJca tattvoM' vAlA siddhAnta sAMkhyadarzana meM bhI vi0 kI 8vIM zatAbdI ke pahale aura unake Adarza hindU grahaNa kiyA gayA hai / yahA~ tattvoM kA vikAsa do vibhAgoM

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294 tapa ke rUpa meM dikhAyA gayA hai / ve haiM 'tanmAtrA' (sUkSma tatva) evaM 'mahAbhUta' (sthUla tattva) / zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha tanmAtrAe~ tathA AkAza, vAyu, teja, jala aur| pRthvI mahAbhUta haiM / tapa (1)-upabhogya viSayoM kA parityAga karake zarIra aura mana ko dRDhatApUrvaka santulana aura samAdhi kI avasthA meM sthira rakhanA hI tapa hai| isase unakI zakti uddIpta hotI hai / tapa kI vizuddha zakti dvArA manuSya asAdhAraNa kArya karane meM samartha hotA hai / usameM adbhuta teja utpanna hotA hai / zAstra kI dRSTi se teja (sAmarthya) do prakAra kA hai : (1) brahmateja aura (2) zAstrateja / pahalA tapa ke dvArA aura dUsarA tyAga ke dvArA samRddha hotA hai| sAdhana kI dRSTi se tapa ke tIna prakAra hai-zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika / deva, brAhmaNa, guru, jJAnI, santa aura mahAtmA kI pUjA Adi zArIrika tapa meM sammilita hai / veda-zAstra kA pATha, satya, priya aura kalyANakArI vANI bolanA Adi vAcika tapa hai| mana kI praphullatA, akrUratA, mauna, vAsanAoM kA nigraha Adi mAnasika tapa ke antargata hai / ina tInoM ke bhI aneka bheda-upabheda hai| isa taraha zArIrika, vAcika aura mAnasika tapa ke dvArA manuSya dvandvasahiSNu ho jAtA hai| phalataH usakI se upadezaka kI bAta kA samAja para anucita prabhAva par3atA hai| isase hAnikAraka karmoM kI pratikriyA hotI hai| phalataH samAja kA ahita hotA hai aura upadezaka kA bhI adhaHpatana hotA hai| zAstrIya dRSTi se jo vacana deza, kAla aura pAtra ke anusAra sarvabhUtahitakArI hai vahI satya aura dharma ke anukUla hai / vAcanika tapa kA mUla tAtparya vANI para niyaMtraNa hai| ataH manuSya ko kabhI aisI bAta nahIM kahanI cAhie jisase dUsaroM ko kaSTa ho / vAcanika tapa ke sAtha zArIrika tapa kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / zArIrika tapa ke abhyAsa ke binA manuSya koI kArya karane meM samartha nIM ho paataa| prAcIna kAla meM zArIrika tapa jIvana ke Arambhika kAla meM brahmacaryAzrama ke dvArA dvandvasahiSNu hokara kiyA jAtA thA / tapa ke dvArA manuSya kaSTasahiSNu aura parizramI hotA thaa| para Ajakala yaha bAta nahIM hai, isI kAraNa manuSya zaktihIna, AlasI tathA kAma se dUra bhAgane vAlA ho gayA hai| brahmacarya dvArA uccatara pada prApta karanevAle devatA kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiye jAte haiN| naiSThika brahmacArI ko nirvANa kA uttama pada prApta hotA hai| pUrNa brahmacArI asAdhAraNa zaktimAna hotA hai / zarIra kI sapta dhAtuoM meM vIrya sarvapradhAna sArabhUta tattva hai / brahmacarya dvArA isakI rakSA hotI hai jisase mana aura zarIra donoM baliSTha hote haiM / brahmacarya kI bhA~ti ahiMsA bhI 'parama dharma' mAnA gayA hai| yaha vaha parama tapa hai jisase vyakti prANimAtra ko abhayadAna detA hai / prakRti ke niyama ke anukUla calanA dharma aura usake pratikUla calanA adharma hai| ataH prakRtipravAha ke anukUla calane vAle ko kaSTa denA adharma yA pApa hai / binA vaira ke hiMsA nahIM hotI / ataH kisI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie aura manuSya ko ahiMsA rUpI zArIrika tapa ke dvArA apane kalyANArtha ihaloka aura paraloka kA sudhAra karanA cAhie / uparyukta trividha taparUpoM ke bhI sAttvika, rAjasika aura tAmasika bheda ke anusAra tIna-tIna bheda haiN| binA phala kI icchA kiye anAsakta hokara zraddhAsahita kiyA gayA tapa sAttvika hotA hai / satkAra, sammAna tathA pUjA sarvazreSTha hai| isase citta meM ekAgratA AtI hai jisase brAhmaNa ko brahmajJAna aura saMnyAsI ko kaivalya kI prApti hotI hai / jaba taka sAMsArika mAyAprasUta rAga-dveSa se mAnavamana udvelita rahatA hai taba taka use vAstavika Ananda kI upalabdhi nahIM hotI, kyoMki isa sthiti meM citta ekAgra nahIM ho sakatA / sArAMza yaha hai ki mAnasika tapa citta kI ekAgratA aura dvandvasahiSNutA kA sAdhana hai| isase citta zAnta hotA hai aura manuSya prasannatA ko prApta kara kramazaH mukti kI ora agrasara hotA hai| vAcanika tapa vyaktigata aura jAtigata donoM prakAra ke utthAna meM sahAyaka hotA hai| mAnavatA ke sevaka paropakArI vyakti kA eka-eka zabda mUlyavAn aura napAtulA honA Avazyaka hai / isake abhAva meM nirarthaka vaktavya dene vAle upadezaka kI bAtoM kA koI prabhAva zrotA para nahIM par3atA / vAcanika tapa kI sImA kA atikramaNa karane

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tapazcaraNavrata-taranatArana 295 pAne ke dhyeya se kiyA gayA dAmbhika tapa rAjasika hotA taponitya pauruziSTi---taponitya (tapasyA meM nitya sthira ) hai| isakA pariNAma asthAyI aura adhruva hotA hai| pauruziSTi ( puruziSTa ke vaMzaja) kA ullekha taittirIya avicArita haTha dvArA apanI bhAvanAoM ko dabAkara, apane upaniSad meM eka AcArya ke rUpa meM huA hai, jo tapas ke ko kaSTa dekara yA dUsare kisI vyakti kI hAni yA nAza mahattva meM vizvAsa karate the| karane kI icchA se jo tapa kiyA jAtA hai use tAmasika tapovana-himAlaya meM sthita eka tIrthasthala / jozImaTha se tapa kahate haiN| isa vivaraNa ko dekhate hue manuSya ke lie . chaH mIla dUra nIti ghATI hokara kailAsa jAne vAle mArga yaha ucita hai ki vaha zArIrika, vAcanika aura mAnasika meM tapovana hai| yahA~ garma jala kA kuNDa hai / bar3A ramatrividha tapoM meM se sabake sAttvika rUpoM kA hI anusaraNa NIka sthAna hai| isameM snAna karanA puNyadAyaka mAnA karake parama sukha aura zAnti kA lAbha kre| jAtA hai| tapazcaraNavrata-mArgazIrSa kRSNa saptamI ko yaha vrata prArambha tapovata-mAgha mAsa kI saptamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hotA hai| eka varSa paryanta yaha calanA caahie| isake hai| vratI ko rAtri meM eka choTA sA vastra dhAraNa karanA sUrya devatA haiN| cAhie / tadanantara eka godAna karanA caahie| tapasa-zrama karanA, kaSTa sahate hue tApa ( garmI) utpanna taptamadrAdhAraNa-Azvina zukla aura kArtika zukla ekaakrnaa| sAmAnyataH tapas kA artha Atmazodhana evaM dazI ko zarIra para rAmAnuja, mAdhva tathA dUsare vaiSNava tapasyA hai| sarvaprathama isakA vyavahAra AraNyakoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| AraNyaka vanoM meM par3he jAte the| unheM par3hane sampradAyoM ke dvArA agnitapta tAmra athavA aisI hI kisI vAlA sAdhakoM kA dala thA jo jaMgala meM nivAsa karatA anya dhAtu se zaMkha tathA cakra aMkita karAye ( dAge ) jAte thaa| ve sabhI sAMsArika vyApAroM kA parityAga kara haiN| zaMkha tathA cakra viSNu ke Ayudha haiM / smRtikaustubha dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karate the| unake abhyAsoM meM tIna (pR0 86-87 ) ke anusAra uparyukta kriyA meM kisI dhArmika grantha kA pramANa prApta nahIM hai| kintu nirNayabAteM mukhya thIM-tapas, yajJa evaM dhyAna / tapas tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-mAnasika, vAcika tathA zArIrika / sindhu, 1-7, 108 tathA dharmasindhu, 55 ke anusAra tapasyA-tapa kI sthiti meM rahane kA bhAva / de0 'tapa' aura manuSya ko apanI paramparAgata kriyAoM kA anuSThAna karanA 'tapas' / tantramata ke anusAra tapa, tapasyA nahIM hai, brahmacarya hI tapasyA hai| jo brahmacarya ke prabhAva se Urdhva- tamasa-sAMkhyamatAnusAra prakRti tathA usase utpanna sabhI retA hote haiM, ve hI tapasvI haiM / / tattvoM ke tIna upAdAna hai-sattva (prakAza ); rajas tapa (vrata)--yaha zabda kUcha dhArmika kRtyoM, jaise kRccha, cAndrA- (zakti ) tathA tamas ( jddtaa)| tamas avarodha karaneyaNa, brahmacAriyoM tathA anyoM ke dvArA svIkRta kaThora niyamoM vAlA upAdAna hai| uparyukta tInoM guNa vibhinna anupAtoM tathA AcaraNoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA hai| Apa0 dha0 sU0 meM milakara ( adhika sattva guNa kA kama raja evaM tama se 2.5.1 ( niyameSu tapazzabdaH ); manu 11. 203, 244; saMyoga, athavA kama sattva guNa kA adhika raja evaM tama ke vi0 dharma0 95; vi0 dha0 ta0, 266 meM tapa kI lambI sAtha saMyoga ) vibhinna gaNa vAle vibhinna padArtha utpanna prazaMsA kI gayI hai| kRtyaratnAkara, 16 meM tapa kI saMyama karate haiM / de0 sAMkhyakArikA / ke rUpa meM paribhASA kI gayI hai| ( zAbdika artha hai taranatArana-amRtasara se bAraha mIla dakSiNa byAsa aura upavAsa, kaThora AcaraNoM, vratoM ke dvArA zarIra ko satalaja nadiyoM ke saMgama se pUrvottara yaha sikkhoM kA santapta karanA / ) anuzAsanaparva ke anusAra upavAsa se pavitra tIrtha hai / amRtasara se taranatArana taka pakkI sar3aka adhika anya koI tapa nahIM hai| jAtI hai| yahA~ bhI eka sarovara ke madhya gurudvArA hai / tapoja-tapasyA se utpanna huA 'tapoja' kahalAtA hai / una guru arjunadeva ne isa sthAna kI pratiSThA kI thii| taranasabhI guNoM kA isameM samAveza hai jinakA sambandha kaluSa tArana sarovara atyanta pavitra mAnA jAtA hai| vaizAkha tathA pApa ke vinAza se hai / kI amAvasyA ko yahA~ melA lagatA hai|

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296 taka-tApa tarka-isakA zAbdika artha hai 'yukti' / nyAya zAstra ke jise jaiminIya athavA talavakAra kahate haiN| isake antargata lie bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| nyAya ke anusAra tarka upaniSad evaM brAhmaNa Ate haiN| se jJAna kA sandhAna (lakSya prApta) hotA hai / parantu antima talavakAra brAhmaNa-de0 'tlvkaar'| sattA kI anubhUti athavA satyAnRta, nyAya-anyAya ke tANDa-eka AcArya kA nAma, jinakI zAkhA se 'tANDya nirNaya meM isakI kSamatA nahIM svIkAra kI gayI hai| yaha brAhmaNa' kA sambandha hai| yaha lATyAyana zrautasUtra meM ud'apratiSTha' mAnA gayA hai| sAdhanA meM isakA mahattva prAthamika kintu gauNa hai| tANDina-sAmaveda kI eka zAkhA, jisake tIna brAhmaNa haiMtakaumudI-aThArahavIM zatI vi0 ke Arambha meM laugAkSi paJcaviMza, SaDviMza evaM chAndogya / bhAskara ne 'tarkakaumadI' kI racanA kI / yaha grantha mImAMsA tANDavalakSaNasUtra-sAmavedIya sUtra granthoM meM se eka grantha / darzana se sambaddha hai| tAntrika-tantra se sambandha rakhanevAlA / sAhitya aura vyakti takacUDAmaNi-goMzopAdhyAya kRta 'tattvacintAmaNi' donoM ke lie isakA prayoga hotA hai / vicAra aura bhAvanA nAmaka navya nyAya ke grantha para 'tarkacaDAmaNi' nAma kI kI tIna pravidhiyA~ haiM-(1) mantra (2) tantra aura (3) TIkA dharmarAja adhvarIndra ne likhii| isameM inhoMne apane yantra / unakA saMghaTanAtmaka rUpa tantra hai / jo saMghaTanAtmaka se pUrvavattinI dasa TIkAoM ke matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| rUpa ko pradhAna mAnakara upAsanA karate haiM ve tAntrika tarkatANDava-vyAsarAja svAmI ( solahavIM zatI vi0) kahalAte haiN|| kRta 'tarkatANDava' nyAya darzana kI AlocanA prastuta tAntrika paJcamakAra-tantra zAstra kI vAmamArga paddhati ke karatA hai| anusAra upAsanA ke pA~ca sAdhana, jinakA nAma 'ma' akSara tarkabhASA-ekAdaza zatAbdI ke pazcAt nyAya tathA ze- se Arambha hotA hai, yathA madya, mAMsa, matsya, mudrA aura Sika darzana milakara prAyaH eka hI saMyukta darzana bana maithana / bhautika rUpa meM ye tAmasa vastue~ pratIta hotI hai, gye| aneka granthoM ne isa ekarUpatA ko vyakta kiyA parantu paramArtha dRSTi se inakA artha rahasyAtmaka hai / hai| trayodaza zatI kA kezavamizra kRta 'tarkabhASA' aise hI tAtparyacandrikA-satrahavIM zatI vi0 ke prArambha meM AcArya granthoM meM se eka hai| isakA aMgrejI anuvAda ma0ma0 gaGgA- vyAsarAja svAmI ne yaha grantha likhaa| inake kula tIna nAtha jhA dvArA huA hai| hindI meM isake kaI bhASAntara grantha hai, jinameM inhoMne mAdhvamata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| tathA TIkA hai| tAtparyadIpikA-sudarzana vyAsa bhaTTAcArya (vi0 saMvat takavidyA-nyAyadarzana kA eka paryAya tarkavidyA hai| isase 1423 nidhana kAla) ne rAmAnuja svAmI ke 'vedArthasaMgraha yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki gautama kA nyAya kevala vicAra para 'tAtparyadIpikA' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| vA tarka ke niyama nirdhArita karane vAlA zAstra hai; apitu tAtparyaparizuddhi-udayanAcArya kRta tAtparyaparizuddhi vAcaspati yaha prameyoM kA vicAra karane vAlA darzana bhI hai / pAzcAtya mizra ke nyAyavArtikatAtparya kI TIkA hai / isa parizuddhi laoNjika (tarkazAstra) se isameM yahI bheda hai / laoNjika (tarka- para vardhamAna upAdhyAya kRta 'prakAza' vyAkhyA hai / zAstra) darzana ke antargata nahIM liyA jAtA, parantu nyAya tApa-Agama praNAlI meM dvija vaiSNavoM se AzA kI jAtI zAstra darzana hai / yaha avazya hai ki nyAya meM pramANa athavA hai ki ve yogya guru kA cunAva kara usase dIkSA leM / dIkSAtarka kI parIkSA vizeSa rUpa se huI hai| saMskAra meM pAMca kriyAeM hotI haiM, yathA tApa, puNDra, nAma, tarkasaMgraha-solahavIM zatAbdI ke anta meM nyAya-vaizeSika mantra evaM yAga / 'tApa' kriyA meM dIkSA lene vAle ke zarIra darzana viSayaka yaha grantha annam bhaTTa dvArA praNIta huaa| para sAmpradAyika sAMketika cihna aGkita kiye jAte haiM / isake dezI-videzI anuvAda tathA aneka TIkAe~ prApta haiN| pichale samaya meM dvArakA meM sabhI ko tapta zaMkha-cakra lagAye talavakAra-sAmaveda kI aneka zAkhAoM meM eka talavakAra jAte the| logoM kA vizvAsa thA 'jo dvArakA jare, so bhI hai| talavakAra zAkhA kA eka hI brAhmaNa grantha hai, kahIM mare, vaha avazya tregaa|'

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tApasa-tArya tApasa - paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 25.15 ) meM varNita sarpayajJa meM datta hotA purohita thA / datta kA hI nAma tApasa hai / tAmila vaiSNava-tAmila vaiSNavoM ko AlavAra bhI kahate haiN| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'AlavAra' | tAmila chaThI se navIM zatAbdI vi0 ke madhya tamila zaivadeza meM ullekhanIya zaiva bhaktoM kA janma huA, jo kavi bhI the| unameM se tIna vaiSNava AlavAroM ke sadRza hI suprasiddha haiM / anya dhArmika netAoM ke samAna ve 'nayanAra' kahalAte the| unake nAma the nAna sambandhara, appara evaM sundaramUrti / prathama do sAtavIM zatI meM tathA tRtIya navIM zatI meM prakaTa hue the| AvAroM ke samAna ve bhI gAyaka kavi the, jinameM ziva ke prati agAdha bhakti bharI bI eka mandira se dUsare taka ye bhramaNa karate rahate the tathA ziva kI mUrti ke sAmane bhAvAveza meM nAcate hue svaracita bhajanoM ko gAyA karate the| unake pIche darzakoM evaM bhaktoM kI bhIr3a lagI rahatI thI / ve AgamoM para Azrita nahIM the, kintu rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata tathA purANoM kA anusaraNa karate the / unake kucha hI pada dUsarI bhASAoM meM anUdita haiM / / tisamUlara ( 800 I0 ) isa sampradAya ke sabase pahale kavi haiM jinhoMne apane kAvya 'tirumantram' meM AgamoM ke dhArmika niyamoM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai| 'mANikkavAcakara' isa mata ke dUsare mahApuruSa haiM, jinake agaNita padoM kA saMkalana 'tivAcakam' ke nAma meM prasiddha hai, jisakA artha hotA hai 'pavitra vacanAvalI' / ye madurA ke nivAsI evaM pratiSThita vyakti the| guru ke prabhAva se apanA pada tyAgakara ye sAdhu bana gaye / inhoMne purANoM, AgamoM evaM pUrvavartI tamila racanAoM kA anusaraNa bahuta kiyA hai / ye zaGkara svAmI ke mAyAvAda ke virodhI the / isake dvitIya vikAsakrama meM ( 1000-1350 I0 ) paTTipAttu pillaI, nAmbi andara nAmbi, meyakaNDa deva, arulanandI, marai jJAnasambandha evaM umApati kA udbhava huA / mekaNDa Adi antima cAra santa AcArya kahalAte haiM, kyoMki ye kramazaH eka dUsare ke ziSya the / isa prakAra tAmila zaivoM ne apanA alaga upAsanAvidhAna nirmANa kiyA, jise tAmila zaivasiddhAnta kahate haiM / inake siddhAntagrantha kula 14 haiM / tIsare vikAsakrama ke antargata ukta siddhAntoM meM koI parivartana na huaa| yaha sampradAya pUrNa rUpeNa vyavasthita 38 297 kabhI na thA / adhUrI sAmpradAyika vyavasthA sAhitya ke mAdhyama se maThoM ke AsapAsa calatI rahatI thii| mahanta loga ghUma ghUmakara ziSyoM se saMparka rakhate the| adhikAMza maTha abrAhmaNoM ke hAtha meM tathA kucha hI brAhmaNoM ke adhIna the / kAraNa yaha ki tamila deza ke adhikAMza brAhmaNa smArta athavA vaiSNava matAvalambI the / isa kAla ke sarvazreSTha vidvAn lekhaka zivajJAna yogI hue (1785 I0) isI zatAbdI ke tAyumAnavara dvArA racita zaiva gItoM kA saMgraha sabase bar3A zaiva grantha mAnA jAtA hai| isakA dArzanika dRSTikoNa zivAdvaita ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, jo saMskRta siddhAntazAkhA se bhinna hai| tAmila zaiva siddhAnta - de0 'tAmila zaiva' / tAmbUlasaMkrAntitAmbUlasaMkrAnti- kevala mahilAoM ke lie isa vrata kA vidhAna hai| eka varSa taka vratI ko prati dina brAhmaNoM ko tAmbUla khAne ko denA caahie| varSa ke anta meM suvarNakamala tathA samasta rasoI ke pAtra tAmbUla ke sAtha kisI brAhmaNa dampati ko dAna karane aura susvAdu bhojana khilAne se akhaNDa saubhAgya kI prApti hotI hai evaM jIvana bhara pati tathA putroM ke sAtha vratI sukhapUrvaka samaya vyatIta karatI hai| tAyumAnavara - eka zivabhakta gItakAra, jinhoMne aThArahavIM zatI meM tAmila zaiva gItoM kA sabase bar3A grantha prastuta kiyaa| tArakadvAdazI - mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai / eka varSa paryanta calatA hai| sUrya tathA tArAgaNa isake devatA hai| isa vrata meM pratyeka mAsa brAhmaNoM ko bhinna bhinna prakAra kA bhojana karAnA cAhie tAroM ko rAtri meM arghya diyA jAtA hai / yaha vrata samasta pApoM kA nAza karatA hai / isa viSaya meM eka rAjA kA AkhyAna AtA hai| ki usane tapasyArata eka tapasvI ko mRga samajhakara mAra DAlA thA, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa use bAraha janmoM meM bhinna-bhinna pazu rUpoM meM janma lenA pdd'aa| isa prakAra ke pApa bhI isa vrata ke anuSThAna se naSTa ho jAte haiN| tArasAropaniSad - yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai / tAriNItantra - ' AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta 64 tantroM kI tAlikA meM tAriNItantra kA kramA navA~ hai / tArkSya- - Rgveda (1.8,9,10.178 ) meM isakA artha devI ghor3A hotA hai / nizcaya hI yahA~ sUrya ko azva

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298 tAlavana-tilacaturthI samajhA gayA hai| kintu kucha vidvAna tArkSya ko tRkSi kA yaha mANikkavAcakara dvArA racita hai| apatyabodhaka batAte haiM, jo Rgveda ke pazcAt trasaddasyu ke tirumantram-tirumUlara dvArA racita 'tirumantram' ke anuvAda vaMzaja kahalAte the / R0(2.4.1) meM 'tAya' se eka pakSI kA nAma 'siddhAntadIpikA' hai| nambi ke 'tirumuraI' kA bodha hotA hai ( sambhavataH vAyasa kA ) jo sUrya kA / nAmaka saMgraha meM yaha bhI saMmilita hai| yaha tAmila saMketaka hai| zavoM ke vyAvahArika dharma para prakAza DAlane vAlA tAlavana-yaha tIrthasthAna vraja meM hai, ise tArasI gA~va kahate prathama evaM saphala kAvyagrantha hai| isameM AgamoM ke dhArmika haiN| yahA~ balarAmajI ne dhenukAsura ko mArA thaa| niyamoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai / yahA~ balabhadrakuNDa aura baladevajI kA mandira hai| tiruvAcakam-tirumUlara ke pazcAt tAmila zavoM meM 950 tAlavRntavAsI-ApastambasUtra ke aneka vyAkhyAkAroM meM vi0 ke lagabhaga mANikkavAcakara kA prAdurbhAva huA, tAlavRntavAsI kA bhI nAma AtA hai| inake sambandha meM jinhoMne apane choTe evaM bar3e aneka geya padoM kA saMgraha kucha vizeSa jJAtavya nahIM hai| 'tiruvAcakam' nAmaka grantha meM kiyA hai| 'tirumuraI' tittiri RSi-'taittirIya' zabda kRSNa yajurveda ke prAti nAmaka saMgraha meM ise bhI sammilita kiyA gayA hai / zAkhyasUtra meM aura sAmasutra meM milatA hai| pANini ke tiruviruttam-drAviDa vedoM meM se prathama tiruviruttam Rgveda kA pratinidhi hai| nammAlavAra kI racanAoM ko cAroM vedoM anusAra 'tittiri' eka RSi kA nAma thA, jisase taittirIya zabda banA hai / Atreya zAkhA kI 'saMhitAnukramaNikA' kA pratinidhi kahA gayA hai| unameM prathama tiruviruttam hai / meM bhI yahI vyutpatti milatI hai| ho sakatA hai ki yaha tiruvilaMya-ADatpurANam-tamila pradeza meM asAmpradAyika vyaktivAcaka nAma na hokara gotranAma ho, kyoMki bahuta se zaiva grantha bhI aneka race gye| unameM uparyukta bhI eka gotranAma pakSiyoM para bhI par3e haiN| sambaddha RSi kA gotra hai| isake racayitA parajIti haiN| racanAkAla satrahavIM pakSI 'tittira' ( tItara ) thaa| zatI kA prArambhika caraNa hai| isameM sthAnIya dhArmika kathAoM kA saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / tindukASTamI-jyeSTha kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI ko yaha vrata tilaka-dhArmika evaM zobhAkara cihna, jise puruSa aura prArambha hotA hai / eka varSa paryanta calatA hai| isameM striyA~ sabhI apane lalATa para dhAraNa karate haiN| rAjyArohaNa, kamala ke phUloM se hari kA cAra mAsa taka pUjana, Azvina yAtrA, prasthAna tathA anya mAMgalika avasaroM para bhI tilaka se pauSa taka dhatUre ke phUloM se pUjana aura mAgha se vaizAkha dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| tilaka candana, kasturI, rolI taka zatapatroM ( divasakamala ) se pUjana karanA caahie| Adi kaI padArthoM se kiyA jAtA hai| tirindira-Rgveda ( 8.6.46-48 ) kI dAnastuti meM dhArmika granthoM kI vyAkhyA bhI tilaka kahI jAtI hai, 'pazu' ke sAtha tirindira kA nAma gAyakoM ko dAna karane kyoMki pUrva kAla ke patrAkAra hastalekhoM meM mUla grantha madhya ke sambandha meM AtA hai / zAGkhAyanazrautasUtra meM isI bhAga meM aura usakI vyAkhyA mastakatulya UparI hAziye bAta ko yoM kahA gayA hai ki kaNva vatsa ne tirindira para likhI jAtI thii| mastaka ke tilaka kI samAnatA se pArzavya se eka dAna prApta kiyaa| isa prakAra tirindira aise vyAkhyAlekha ko bhI tilaka yA TIkA kahane kI roti eva pazu ekagotraja vyakti ke nAma haiN| Rgveda ke eka pariccheda meM luTviga ko tirindira para yaduoM kI vijaya tilakavrata-caitra zukla pratipadA ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA kA pramANa dRSTigocara hotA hai, kintu jibhara ise asaMgata hai aura eka varSa taka calatA hai / sugandhita agaru se batAte haiN| yadu rAjakumAra avazya ho tirindira evaM saMvatsara ke citra kI pUjA karanI cAhie / vratI ko apane pazu kA samAnArthI hai| vebara yaduoM ko rAjakumAra na mastaka para zveta candana kA tilaka lagAnA cAhie / mAnakara gAyaka mAnate haiM / tilacaturthI-mAgha zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna tirukkovaiyara-yaha tAmila zaiva sAhitya kA eka prasiddha hotA hai| isakI vidhi kundacaturthI athavA DhuNDirAjagrantha hai| racanAkAla 950vi0 ke lagabhaga hai / sambhavataH caturthI ke samAna hai| isameM nakta vrata karanA hotA hai|

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tilavAhovata-tIrthaphala kA pAtra 299 DhuNDirAja (gaNeza) kI tila ke laDDuoM se pUjA hotI hai| pavitra nadI, sarovara Adi se hotA hai| isakA zAbdika tilavAhI vrata-pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko isa vrata kA anu- artha hai 'nadI pAra karane kA sthAna ( ghATa ) / ' vizvAsa SThAna hotA hai| isake viSNu devatA haiM / usa dina upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki tIrtha bhavasAgara pAra karane kA ghATa kiyA jAtA hai, gau ke sUkhe hue upale tathA puSya nakSatra meM hai| ataH vahA~ jAkara yAtrI ko snAna, dAna-puNyAdi ikaTThe kiye hue tiloM se homa hotA hai| isa vrata se ___karanA tathA sAdhu-santoM kA satsaMga prApta karanA cAhie / saundarya kI abhivRddhi tathA manovAJchAeM pUrI hotI haiM / ___ mukhya tIrthoM meM sAta puriyA~, cAra dhAma aura bhArata ke tiladvAdazI-mAgha kRSNa dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna asaMkhya pavitra sthAna haiM, jinameM se kucha kA yathAsthAna karanA caahie| isake kRSNa devatA haiM jinakI vidhivat ___varNana huA hai / sAta puriyA~ nimnAGkita haiM : pUjA isa vrata meM honI caahie| ayodhyA madhurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI avantikA / tiladvAdazIvrata-mAgha mAsa, kRSNa pakSa kI dvAdazI tithi purI dvAravatI caiva saptaitA mokSadAyikAH // ko yadi pUrvASAr3ha yA mUla nakSatra ho to usa dina yaha cAra dhAma haiM-dvArakA, jagannAthapurI, badarikAzrama aura vrata kiyA jAtA hai| isameM tila se snAna, havana, tila rAmezvaram / kA hI miSTAnna sahita naivedya, tilatala yukta dIpa, tila (2) zaGkarAcArya kI ziSyaparamparA meM unake cAra yukta jala kA prayoga karate haiM tathA tila kA dAna brAhmaNoM pradhAna ziSyoM meM se prathama padmapAda ke tIrtha evaM Azrama ko dete hue vAsudeva kI stuti R0 ve0 ( 1.22,20) nAmaka do ziSya the / ye zAradAmaTha ke antargata hai / zaGkara athavA puruSasUkta ( R0 10.90 ) dvArA karate haiN| ke aise dasa praziSya unake cAra mukhya ziSyoM ke ziSya the tilvaka-zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 13.8.1,16 ) meM ise eka tathA inameM se pratyeka kI ziSyaparamparA pracalita huI vRkSa batAyA gayA hai tathA isake samIpa samAdhi banAnA jo dasanAmI saMnyAsI varga kI praNAlI hai| AcArya madhva apavitra kArya kahA gayA hai| isase hI 'tailvaka' vizeSaNa __tathA unake aneka anuyAyI bhI tIrtha paramparA ke antargata banA hai, jisakA artha hai tilvaka kI lakar3I kA banA mAne jAte haiN| huA, aura jisase maitrAyaNIsaMhitA meM yUpa tathA yajJayaSTi (3) vIra zavoM meM jaba bAlaka kA janma hotA hai to kA bodha SaDviMza brAhmaNa ke anusAra hotA hai| pitA apane guru ko AmaMtrita karatA hai tathA aSTavarga tiSya-Rgveda (5.54,13,10.64,8) meM yaha eka nAmaka saMskAra hotA hai| ye ATha varga haiM-guru, liMga, nakSatra kA nAma hai, yadyapi sAyaNa isakA artha sUrya lagAte vibhUti, rudrAkSa, mantra, jaGgama, tIrtha evaM prasAda / ye pApa haiN| nissandeha yaha 'avestA' ke tistrya kA samAnArthaka se surakSA pradAna karate haiN| hai| paravartI granthoM meM ise candrasthAnoM meM se eka kahA (4) guru ko bhI tIrtha kahate haiM, bhagavAn kA caraNodaka gayA hai| bhI tIrtha kahalAtA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM tiSya se eka nakSatra kA bodha tIrthaphala kA pAtra-jisake hAtha, paira aura mana bhalI bhA~ti hotA hai jo puSya kahalAtA hai| isa nakSatra meM upavAsa saMyamita haiM, jo pratigraha nahIM letA, jo anukUla athavA evaM dAna-puNya karanA mahattvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai / pratikUla jo kucha bhI mila jAya usI meM saMtuSTa rahatA tiSyavrata-zukla pakSa meM tiSya (puSya ) nakSatra ko isa hai tathA jisameM ahaMkAra kA sarvathA abhAva rahatA hai vaha tIrtha vrata kA Arambha hotA hai| isakA anuSThAna eka varSa taka kA phala prApta karatA hai| jo pAkhaNDa nahIM karatA, naye calatA hai| pratimAsa puSya nakSatra meM yaha duharAyA jAtA kAmoM ko Arambha nahIM karatA, thor3A AhAra karatA hai, hai| kevala prathama puSya nakSatra ke dina upavAsa karane kA indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara cukA hai, saba prakAra kI vidhAna hai| isameM vaizravaNa ( kubera ) kI pUjA hotI AsaktiyoM se rahita hai, jisameM krodha nahIM hai, jisakI hai / puSTi tathA samRddhi ke lie isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| buddhi nirmala hai, jo satya bolatA hai, vrata pAlana meM dRr3ha tIrtha-(1) tIrtha kA sAmAnya artha 'pavitra sthAna' hai, hai aura saba prANiyoM ko apane AtmA ke samAna anubhava jisakA sambandha kisI devatA, mahApuruSa, mahAn ghaTanA, karatA hai, vaha tIrtha ke phala ko prApta karatA hai| jo

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300 loga azraddhAlu, pApAtmA, nAstika, saMzayAtmA aura kevala tarka meM hI DUbe rahate hai ye pA~ca prakAra ke manuSya tIrtha ke phala ko nahIM prApta karate / tIrthayAtrA - uddezya bhagavatprApti ke lie - bhakti, nija tucchatA, dInatA, IzvaravizvAsa evaM tIrthayAtrA kI jAtI hai| tIrthoM meM sAdhu santa milate haiM, bhagavAn kA jJAna kAma-lobhavarjita sAdhusaMga se hotA hai| aise sajjana jo upadeza dete haiM usase saMsAra kA bandhana chUTa jAtA hai| tIrthoM meM inakA darzana manuSyoM kI pAparAzi ko jalA DAlane ke lie agni kA kAma karatA hai| jo saMsArabandhana se chUTanA cAhate haiM unheM pavitra jala vAle tIthoM meM, jahA~ sAdhu mahAtmA loga rahate haiM, avazya jAnA caahie| de0 padmapurANa, pAtAlakhaNDa 19.10-12, 14-17 / tIrthayAtrAvidhi-tIrthayAtrA kA nizcaya hone para sabase pahale patnI kuTumba, ghara Adi kI Asakti tyAga denI caahie| taba mana se bhagavAn kA smaraNa karate hue tIrthayAtrA Arambha karane ke lie ghara se kosa bhara dUra jAkara vahA~ pavitra nadI, tAlAba, kueM Adi meM snAna kare va aura bhI karA le| usake bAda vinA gAMTha kA daNDa athavA bA~sa kI moTI puSTa lAThI, kamaNDalu aura Asana lekara pUrI sAdagI ke sAtha tIrtha kA upayogI veSa dhAraNa kara dhana-mAna-bar3AI, sarakAra, pUjA Adi ke lobha kA tyAga kara prasthAna Arambha kara de| isa rIti se tIrthayAtrA karane vAle ko vizeSa phala kI prApti hotI hai| hare kRSNa hare kRSNa bhaktavatsala gopate / zaraNya bhagavan viSNo mAM pAhi bahusaMsRteH // isa mantra kA uccAraNa karate hue tathA mana se bhagavAn kA smaraNa karate hue paidala hI tIrthayAtrA karanI cAhie | tabhI vizeSa phala prApta hotA hai / tIrthaziSyaparamparA - tIrtha ziSyaparamparA zAradAmaTha ke anta- tumia aupoditi - taittirIya saMhitA (1.6,2,1) meM tumiJja gaMta hai| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'tIrtha' / aupoditi ko eka satra kA hotA purohita kahA gayA hai| tIvravrata - pairoM ko tor3akara ( bA~dhakara ) kAzI meM hI tathA unheM sudhA ke sAtha zAstrAryarata bhI varNita kiyA rahanA, jisase manuSya bAhara kahIM jA na sake tIvra vrata gayA hai / kahalAtA hai| apanI kaThoratA ke kAraNa isakA yaha nAma hai / de0 hemAdri, 2.916 / tukArAma tukArAma (1608-49 I0) eka choTe dukAnadAra aura biThovA ke parama bhakta the / unake vyaktigata dhArmika jIvana para unake race gItoM (abhaMgoM ) kI paMktiyA~ pUrNarUpeNa prakAza DAlatI haiM / unameM tukArAma kI Izvara turagasaptamI - caitra zukla saptamI ko turagasaptamI kahate haiM / isa tithi ko upavAsa karanA cAhie tathA sUrya, aruNa, nikumbha, yama, yamunA, zani tathA sUrya kI patnI chAyA, sAta chanda, dhAtA, arthamA tathA dUsare devagaNa kI pUjA karanI cAhie / vrata ke anta meM turaMga ( ghor3e ) ke dAna kA vidhAna hai / tIrthayAtrA uddezya turagasamI ayogyatA kA jJAna, asIma sahAyatArthaM Izvara se prArthanA evaM Avedana kUTa-kUTa kara bhare haiM / unheM biThovA ke sarvavyApI evaM AdhyAtmika rUpa kA vizvAsa thA, phira bhI ve adRzya Izvara kA ekIkaraNa mUrti se karate the| unake padya ( abhaMga ) bahuta hI uccakoTi ke haiM / mahArASTra meM sambhavataH unakA sarvAdhika dhArmika prabhAva hai| unake gItoM meM koI bhI dArzanika evaM gUda dhArmika niyama nahIM hai / ve ekezvaravAdI the / mahArASTra kesarI zivAjI ne unheM apanI rAjasabhA meM Amantrita kiyA thA, kintu tukArAma ne kevala kucha chanda likhakara bhejate hue tyAga kA Adarza sthApita kara diyaa| unake bhajanoM ko abhaMga kahate haiN| inakA kaI bhASAoM meM anuvAda huA hai| pra - Rgveda (1.116, 3,117,14,6.626 ) meM tugra ko bhujyu kA pitA kahA gayA hai aura bhujyu ko azvinoM kA saMrakSita tujha ko hI 'tugraca' vA taugraca kahate haiN| Rgveda ke eka anya sUkta meM (6.20,8,26,4.10.49, 4) dUsare 'tuma' kA ullekha indra ke zatru ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| tuGganAtha - himAlaya ke kedAra kSetra meM sthita eka tIrthasthAna tuGganAtha paMcakedAroM meM se tRtIya kedAra haiN| isa mandira meM zivaliGga tathA kaI aura mUrtiyAM hai| yahA~ pAtAlagaGgA nAmaka atyanta zItala jala kI dhArA hai / tuGganAzikhara se pUrva kI ora nandA devI paJcacUlI tathA droNAcala zikhara dIkha par3ate haiN| dakSiNa meM pIr3I, candravadanI parvata tathA surakhaNDA devI ke zikhara dikhAI dete haiM |

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turAyaNa-tulasIdAsa turAyaNa-mahAbhArata ke anuzAsanaparva (103.34) se pratIta bhASA meM 'rAmAyaNa' likhaa| isameM vyAja se varNAzramadharma, hotA hai ki mahArAja bhagIratha ne isa vrata kA tIsa varSa avatAravAda, sAkAra upAsanA, saguNavAda, go-brAhmaNa rakSA, taka AcaraNa kiyA thaa| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI (5.1. devAdi vividha yoniyoM kA yathocita sammAna evaM prAcIna 72) meM bhI yaha nAma AyA hai| smRtikaustubha ke anusAra saMskRti aura vedamArga kA maNDana aura sAtha hI usa samaya yaha eka prakAra kA yajJa hai / ApastambazrautasUtra (2.14) / ke vidharmI atyAcAroM aura sAmAjika doSoM kI evaM meM 'turAyaNeSTi yajJa' batalAyA gayA hai| manusmRti (6.10) panthavAda kI AlocanA kI gayI hai| gosvAmIjI pantha meM cAturmAsya tathA AgrayaNa ke sAtha ise vaidika iSTi vA sampradAya calAne ke virodhI the| unhoMne vyAja se batalAyA gayA hai| bhrAtRprema, svarAjya ke siddhAnta, rAmarAjya kA Adarza, turIyAtItAvadhUta upaniSada-yaha paravartI upaniSad hai| atyAcAroM se bacane aura zatru para vijayI hone ke upAya; isameM avadhUtoM ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| sabhI rAjanItika bAteM khule zabdoM meM usa kar3I jAsUsI tulasI-bhArata meM jaMgalI vRkSa, kSupa evaM tRNoM meM bhI divya ke jamAne meM bhI batalAyoM, parantu unheM rAjyAzraya prApta na zakti mAnI jAtI hai| jaise bela kA vakSa zaivoM ke lie thA / logoM ne unako samajhA nhiiN| rAmacaritamAnasa kA pavitra hai, kuza, dUrvA karmakANDiyoM ke lie; vaise hI tulasI rAjanItika uddezya siddha nahIM ho paayaa| isIlie unhoMne vaiSNavoM ke lie pavitra hai / loga usakI pUjA karate aura jhuMjhalAkara kahA : use apane ghara ke A~gana meM ropita karate haiN| pratyeka "rAmAyaNa anuharata sikha, jaga bhaI bhArata rIti / dina snAnoparAnta isa vRkSa ko jala diyA jAtA hai / tulasI kAThahi ko suna, kali kucAli para prIti / " sandhyAkAla meM vRkSa ke nIce isake caraNoM ke pAsa dIpaka saca hai, sAr3he cAra sau varSa bAda Aja bhI kauna sunatA jalAte haiN| isameM hari (viSNu) kA nivAsa mAnate haiN| hai? phira bhI unako yaha adbhata pothI itanI lokapriya hai viSNu kI pUjA ke lie isakI pattiyA~ atyAvazyaka haiN| ki mUrkha se lekara mahApaNDita taka ke hAthoM meM Adara se tulasI kA eka nAma vRndA bhI hai| purANoM ke anusAra sthAna pAtI hai| usa samaya kI sArI zaGkAoM kA rAmavRndA jAlandhara kI patnI thii| apane pAtivrata ke kAraNa caritamAnasa meM uttara hai| akele isa grantha ko lekara yadi vaha viSNu ke lie bhI vandanIya thii| isalie viSNu ke gosvAmI tulasIdAsa cAhate to apanA atyanta vizAla avatAra kRSNa kI lIlAbhUmi kA nAma hI vRndAvana hai| aura zaktizAlI sampradAya calA sakate the| yaha eka ___ isakI pattiyoM meM maleriyA jvara kI nAzaka zakti hai| saubhAgya kI bAta hai ki Aja yahI eka grantha hai, jo jisase grAmINa vaidya adhikatara isakA vyavahAra karate haiN| sAmpradAyikatA kI sImAoM ko lA~dhakara sAre deza meM vyApaka parantu isakA prayoga adhikAMza dhArmika bhAva se hI hotA hai| aura sabhI mata-matAntaroM ko pUrNatayA mAnya hai| sabako tulasIkRta rAmAyaNa-de0 'tulasIdAsa' / eka sUtra meM grathita karane kA jo kAma pahale zaMkarAcArya tulasItrirAtra-kArtika zukla navamI ko yaha vrata prArambha svAmI ne kiyA, vahI apane yuga meM aura usake pIche Aja hotA hai| tIna dina taka vrata rakhanA caahie| tatpazcAt bhI gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne kiyaa| rAmacaritamAnasa kI tulasI ke udyAna meM viSNu tathA lakSmI kI pUjA karanI kathA kA Arambha hI una zaMkAoM se hotA hai jo kbiircaahie| dAsa kI sAkhI para purAne vicAra vAloM ke mana meM tulasIdAsa (gosvAmI)-tulasIdAsa (1532-1623 I0) uThatI haiN| ke nAma, jIvanacaritra evaM unake granthoM se kauna aisA jaisA pahale likhA jA cukA hai, gosvAmIjI svAmI hindU hogA jo aparicita hogA / inakA 'rAmacaritamAnasa' rAmAnanda kI ziSyaparamparA meM the, jo rAmAnujAcArya ke jhopar3e se lekara bar3e-bar3e prAsAdoM taka meM uttara bhArata ke viziSTAdvaita sampradAya ke antarbhukta hai / parantu gosvAmIjI hindU mAtra ke gale kA hAra hai| kI pravRtti sAmpradAyika na thii| unake granthoM meM advaita gosvAmIjI zrIsampradAya ke AcArya rAmAnanda kI aura viziSTAdvaita kA sundara samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai / ziSyaparamparA meM the| inhoMne samaya ko dekhate hue loka- isI prakAra vaiSNava, zaiva, zAkta Adi sAmpradAyika bhAva

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302 tulasIlakSapUjA-taittirIya AraNyaka nAoM aura pUjApaddhatiyoM kA samanvaya bhI unakI racanAoM taulA jAtA thA evaM phalasvarUpa aparAdhI yA niraparAdha meM pAyA jAtA hai| ve Adarza samuccayavAdI santa kavi ghoSita hotA thA, jabaki dUsarI bAra pahalI taula kI the| unake granthoM meM rAmacaritamAnasa, vinayapatrikA, apekSA vaha kama yA adhika bhArI hotA thaa| isa prakAra kavitAvalI, gItAvalI, dohAvalI Adi adhika prasiddha haiN| isa paravartI divya parIkSA vAlI prathA se pahale samaya tulasIlakSapUjA-mAgha athavA kArtika mAsa ke viSNupUjana meM prayukta tUlA ko eka nahIM ThaharAyA jA sktaa| meM eka lAkha tulasIdaloM kA arpaNa karanA caahie| prati / tulAdAna-yaha eka prakAra kA dhArmika kRtya hai| isameM dina eka sahasra tulasIdaloM ke arpaNa kA vidhAna hai| dAnI bahumUlya vastuoM-svarNa, cA~dI, anna, ratnAdi se vaizAkha, mAgha athavA kArtika mAsa meM udyApana karanA taulA jAtA hai| ina vastuoM kA dAna kara diyA jAtA hai| caahie| de0 smRtikaustubha, 408; varSakRtyadIpikA, tegabahAdura-sikkhoM ke naveM guru / vRddha avasthA meM unheM 404-408 / isI prakAra bilvapatra, durvAdala, kamala yA sampradAya kI adhyakSatA sauMpI gyii| unhoMne aneka pada campA ke phUloM ko anyAnya devoM ke lie samarpita kiyA evaM stutiyA~ likhI haiN| asahiSNu mugala samrATa auraMgajeba jA sakatA hai| ne unheM paTanA meM kArAvAsa meM DAla diyA aura anta meM tulasIvivAha-kArtika mAsa meM zukla dvAdazI ko tulasI- maravA ddaalaa| sikkhoM kA kahanA hai ki usake pahale hI vivAha karane kA bar3A mAhAtmya hai / vivAhavatI ko navamI guru tegabahAdura yaha bhaviSyavANI kara cuke the ki yUropIya ke dina suvarNa kI bhagavAn viSNu tathA tulasI kI pratimAe~ loga bhArata meM AyeMge aura mugala sAmrAjya ko naSTa kara banavAkara, tIna dina taka lagAtAra unakI pUjA karake bAda deNge| isa bhaviSyavANI ne sikkhoM evaM briTiza sarakAra meM unakA vivAha racanA caahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se ko milAne meM yatheSTa sahAyatA pradAna kI / guru tegabahAdura kanyAdAna kA puNya prApta hotA hai / de0 nirNayasindhu, 204; ke patra dazama guru govindasiMha the, jinakA janma paTanA ke vratarAja, 347-352; smRtikaustubha, 366 / pratyeka hindU kArAgAra meM hI huA thaa| ke A~gana meM tulasI kA thAmalA rahatA hai jisako vRndA- tejaHsaMkrAntivata-pratyeka saMkrAnti ke dina isakA anuvana kahate haiN| saMdhyA ke samaya hindU nAriyAM tulasI ke SThAna hotA hai| eka varSa taka yaha vrata calatA hai| isameM vRkSa kI aya, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedyAdi se pUjA karatI haiN| sUrya kI pUjA hotI hai| paurANika purAkathA ke anusAra jAlandhara asura kI patnI tejobindu upaniSada-yogamArgIya upaniSadoM meM se yaha eka kA nAma vRndA thA, jo lakSmI ke zApa se tulasI meM upaniSad hai / parivartita ho gayI / padmapurANa (bhAga 6, adhyAya 3-19) tevArAma-tamila zivastutiyoM kA eka saMgraha / santa nambi meM jAlandhara-vRndA kA lambA AkhyAna pAyA jAtA hai| dvArA saMkalita grantha 'tirumuraI' meM ziva kI stutiyoM kA bAda meM tulasI rUpa meM utpanna vRndA bhagavAn kI ananya saMkalana hai| isameM pUrvavartI sabhI tAmila zaiva kaviyoM kI sevikA ho gyii| usake samAnArtha yaha vivAhavata kA anu- racanAe~ prAyaH samAhita ho gayI hai / yaha grantha gyAraha bhAgoM SThAna hotA hai| meM vibhAjita hai| isI kA prathama bhAga hai 'tevArAma' / tuSTiprAptivrata-zrAvaNa kRSNa tRtIyA (zravaNa nakSatra yukta) taittirIya-kRSNa yajurveda kI eka zAkhA / isakA varNana ko bhagavAn govinda kA una mantroM se pUjana hotA hai, sUtra kAla taka nahIM pAyA jaataa| isa zAkhA kA pratijinakA Arambha 'om' se tathA anta 'namaH' se hotA hai| nidhitva eka saMhitA, eka brAhmaNa, eka AraNyaka aura isake AcaraNa se parama santoSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| eka upaniSad dvArA hotA hai| upaniSad AraNyaka kA hI tulA-tulA kA ullekha vAjasaneyI saMhitA (30.17) meM eka aMza hai| haA hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa (11.2,7,33) meM manuSya ke taittirIya AraNyaka-taittirIya brAhmaNa kA zeSAMza 'taittirIya acche evaM bure karmoM ko isa loka tathA paraloka meM taule AraNyaka' hai| isameM dasa kANDa haiM / kAThaka meM batAyI huI jAne ke silasile meM isakA ullekha hai / paravartI tulA- AraNIya vidhi kA bhI isa grantha meM vicAra huA hai| parIkSA se isa tulA meM bhinnatA hai, jisameM manuSya do bAra isake pahale aura tIsare prapAThaka meM yajJAgni prasthApanA ke

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taittirIyopaniSad-toNDaratiyantAvi niyama likhe haiM / dUsare prapAThaka meM adhyayana ke niyama haiM / cauthe, pAMcaveM aura chaThe meM darzapUrNamAsAdi aura pitRmedhAdi viSayoM kA vicAra hai / sAyaNa, bhAskara aura varadarAja ne taittirIya AraNyaka ke bhASya likhe haiM / isake sAtaveM, AThaveM aura naveM prapAThaka brahmavidyA sambandhI hone se upaniSad kahalAte haiM / dasavA~ prapAThaka 'yAjJikI athavA 'nArAyaNIyopaniSad' ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| taittirIyopaniSad taittirIya AraNyaka ke sAtaveM, AThaveM aura naveM prapAThaka brahmavidyAviSayaka hone se upaniSad kahalAte haiM / inhIM kA saMyukta nAma taittirIyopaniSad hai / isake bahuta se bhASya evaM vRttiyA~ haiN| inameM zaGkarAcArya kA bhASya pradhAna hai| sAyaNAcArya, raGgarAmAnuja aura AnandatIrtha ne bhI isa upaniSad ke bhASya likhe haiM / / taittirIyopaniSad ke tIna bhAga haiM, prathama bhAga saMhitopaniSad athavA zikSAvallI hai| isameM vyAkaraNa sambandhI kucha AlocanA ke bAda advaitavAda kI zruti Adi kA vicAra hai / dUsare bhAga ko AnandavallI kahate haiM aura tIsare ko bhRguvllii| ina tInoM valliyoM kA ikaTThA nAma 'vAruNI upaniSad' hai| usa upaniSad meM aupaniSada brahmavidyA kI parAkASThA dikhAyI gayI hai / taittirIyopaniSaddIpikA- mAdhavAcArya ( caudahavIM zatAbdI) dvArA racita 'taittirIyopaniSaddIpikA' taittirIyopaniSad kI zAGkarabhASyAnusAraNI TIkA hai / taittirIya prAtizAkhya - yaha yajurveda kI taittirIya zAkhA kA hai| isameM Atreya, svavira, kauDinya, bharadvAja, vAlmIki, Agnivezya, AgnivezyAyana, pauSkarasada Adi AcAryoM kI carcA hai / parantu isameM kisI prasaMga meM bhI taittirIya AraNyaka athavA taittirIya brAhmaNa kI carcA nahIM hai / Atreya, mAriSeya aura vararuci ke likhe isa para bhASya the, parantu ve aba nahIM milte| ina purAne bhASyoM ko dekhakara kAttikeya ne 'tribhASya' nAma kA eka vistRta bhASya isa para likhA hai| taittirIya brAhmaNa - yaha Apastamba evaM Atreya zAkhA kA brAhmaNa hai| isa para sAyaNAcArya evaM bhAskara mizra kA bhASya hai / bhASya kI bhUmikA meM saMhitA aura brAhmaNa kI pRthaktA para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| brAhmaNa grantha meM spaSTa 303 rUpa se mantra kA uddezya aura vyAkhyA rahatI hai| isa brAhmaNa kA zeSAMza taittirIya AraNyaka taittirIya zrutivArtikataittirIya zrutivArtika-- surezvarAcArya ( maNDana mizra ) ne saMnyAsa lene ke bAda aneka vedAnta viSayaka grantha likhe the, taittirIya zrutivArtika unameM se eka hai / taittirIya saMhitA - vaizampAyana prayatita 'tattirIya saMhitA' kI 27 zAkhAe~ haiM / mahIdhara ne isake bhASya meM likhA hai ki vaizampAyana ne yAjJavalkya Adi ziSyoM ko vedAdhyayana karAyA / tadanantara kisI kAraNa se kruddha hokara guru yAjJavalkya se bole ki jo kucha vedAdhyayana tumane kiyA hai use vApasa karo / yAjJavalkya ne vidyA ko mUmimatI karake vamana kara diyaa| usa samaya vaizampAyana ke dUsare ziSya upasthita the| vaizampAyana ne unheM AjJA dI ki ina vAnta yajuoM ko grahaNa kara lo| unhoMne tItara banakara mantrabrAhmaNa donoM ko mizrita rUpa meM eka sAtha hI cuga liyA, isIlie usakA taittirIya saMhitA' nAma pdd'aa| buddhi kI malinatA ke kAraNa yajanoM kA raMga mantra brAhmaNa rUpa meM alaga na ho sakane se kAlA ho gayA, isI se 'kRSNa yajurveda' nAma cala pdd'aa| isameM mantroM ke saMga-saMga kriyApraNAlI (brAhmaNa ) bhI batAyI gayI hai aura jisa uddezya se mantroM kA vyavahAra hotA hai vaha bhI batAyA gayA hai| pUrI saMhitA brAhmaNa bhAga ke DhaMga para calatI hai / isa zAkhA ke anya upalabdha brAhmaNa pariziSTa rUpa ke haiM / troTakAcArya zaGkarAcArya ke cAra pramukha ziSyoM meM se eka troTakAcArya the| zaGkarAcArya dvArA sthApita badarikAzramasthita jyotirmaTha ke ye maThAdhIza banAye gaye the| troTaka ke tIna ziSya the - sarasvatI, bhAratI aura purI / purI, bhAratI aura sarasvatI kI ziSyaparamparA zRMgerI maTha meM hai| troTaka ke tInoM ziSya dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM meM se haiM / toDalatantra - 'Agamatattva vilAsa' meM ullikhita 64 tantroM meM se 40 veM krama meM 'toDala taya' hai| - toNDa siddha zvara- vIrazaiva matAvalambI eka AcArya (15vIM zatAbdI) / inhoMne 'vIra dIpikA' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| toNDara tiruvantAdi tamila zaivakavi nambi kI kavitAoM meM se eka 'toNDara tiruvantAdi' hai| -

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304 tyAginItantra-tricinApallo evaM zrIraGgam tyAginItantra-isameM koca rAjavaMza ke pratiSThAtA vizusiMha 'trAgA' kI kahAnI pazcimI bhArata meM vizeSa kara sunI kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| isake kAraNa ise vikrama kI gayI hai / bAgA AtmahatyA yA AtmaghAta ko kahate haiM solahavIM zatI ke bAda kA mAnA jAtA hai| jise isa jAti vAle (bhATa yA cAraNa) kisI koza kI trayIvidyA-(1) purAkAla meM vedoM kA vargokaraNa cAra rakSA yA anya mahattvapUrNa kAryarata rahate samaya, AkramaNa saMhitAoM meM na hokara Rk, sAma aura yajuSa racanAzailI kiye jAne para kiyA karate the| kAThiyAvAr3a ke sabhI ke antargata thA, jisameM samana vaidika sAmagrI A jAtI bhAgoM meM gA~voM ke bAhara 'pAliyA~' dRSTigocara hotI haiM / hai / ataH trayI se sampUrNa vaidika sAhitya kA bodha ho ye rakSaka patthara haiM jo uparyukta jAti ke una puruSa evaM jAtA hai| striyoM ke sammAna meM sthApita haiM jinhoMne pazuoM Adi ke (2) vedoM ke anusaraNakartA dharmazAstra aura anya rakSArtha 'trAgA' kiyA thaa| una vyaktiyoM evaM ghaTanAoM sAmAjika zAstroM ke lie bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai| kA vivaraNa bhI ina pattharoM para abhilikhita hai| kauTilya ke 'arthazAstra' meM trayI kI gaNanA cAra pramukha trika-kAzmIra zava darzana praNAlI ko 'trika' kahate haiM, vidyAoM meM kI gayI hai : "AnvIkSikI trayI vArtA kyoMki isameM tIna hI mukhya siddhAntoM-ziva, zakti daNDanItizceti vidyaaH|" usameM Age kahA gayA hai : evaM aNu athavA pati, pAza evaM pazu kA cintana prApta "eSa trayIdharmazcaturNA varNAnAmAzramANAM ca svadharmasthApanA- hotA hai / mAdhavAcArya ke 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' tathA caTarjI ke dopakArikaH / " (1.3.4) 'kAzmIra zaivavAda' meM vistAra se isakA varNana yaha trayIdharma cAroM varNoM tathA AzramoM ke svadharma milatA hai| sthApana meM upakArI hotA hai|] trikadra ka-yaha zabda bahuvacana meM hI kevala prayukta huA hai 'vyavasthitAryamaryAdaH kRtavarNAzramasthitiH / tathA somarasa rakhane ke kisI prakAra ke tIna pAtroM kA trayyA hi rakSito lokaH prasIdati na sIdati // vAcaka hai| trikharva-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (2.8.3) meM uddhRta purohitoM kI [ Arya maryAdA kI vyavasthA se yukta, varNAzrama dharmasampanna aura trayI ke dvArA surakSita prajA vizeSa prakAra se eka zAkhA kA nAma, jinhoMne eka vizeSa yajJa saphalatA pUrvaka kiyA thA / sukhI rahatI hai aura kabhI kaSTa nahIM pAtI hai| ] trayodazapadArthavarjanasaptamI-uttarAyaNa kI samApti ke trigatisaptamI-yaha vrata phAlguna zukla saptamI ko Arambha pazcAt ravivAra ke dina zukla pakSa meM sa tamI ko (puruSa hotA hai, eka varSa paryanta calatA hai / 'heli' nAma (vastutaH vAcI nakSatroM, jaisai hasta, puSya, mRgazirA, punarvasu, mUla, yaha grIka zabda 'heliosa' kA bhAratIya rUpa hai ) se sUrya zravaNa ke hone para) isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| eka varSa taka kI pUjA hotI hai| phAlguna mAsa se jyeSTha mAsa taka sUrya kI 'haMsa' nAma se, ASAr3ha se Azvina taka 'mArtaNDa' nAma yaha vrata calatA hai| sUrya kA pUjana hotA hai| trayodaza padArthoM, jaise vrIhi, yava, gehU~, tila, mASa, mUMga ityAdi kA se, kArtika se mAgha taka 'bhAskara' nAma se pUjA karane se niSedha hai / kevala eka dhAnya para Azrita rahanA par3atA hai| aihalaukika tathA pAralaukika prabhutva prApta hone ke sAthatrayodazIvrata-kisI mAsa kI trayodazI ke dina isa vrata sAtha indraloka kA Ananda aura sUryaloka meM vAsa milatA kA anuSThAna hotA hai / vratI ko kaitha phala ke barAbara gau hai| ina tIna gatiyoM ke kAraNa ise trigatisaptamI kahate ke makkhana ko kisI suvarNa, rajata, tAmra athavA miTTI ke haiN| de0 hemAdri, 1.736-738; kRtyaratnAkara, 524pAtra meM rakhakara kisI ko dAna meM denA caahie| 526, zloka hai : 'japan helIti devasya nAma bhaktyA trAgA-bhAToM tathA cAraNoM kI eka jAti / eka Azcaryajanaka bAta bhATa evaM cAraNa jAtiyoM ke viSaya meM yaha hai tricinApallI evaM zrIraGgama-sUdara dakSiNa kA tIrthasthAna / ki ve avadhya samajhe gaye haiN| isa vizvAsa ke pIche unake kAverI ina nagaroM ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TatI hai| tricisvabhAvataH dUta evaM kIrtigAyaka hone kA guNa hai| nApallI ko prAyaH loga "tricI" kahate haiN| isakA zuddha

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trita tripura tamila nAma 'tirucirApallI' hai, saMskRta nAma 'triziraHpallI' hai aisI janazruti hai ki rAvaNa ke bhAI trizirA nAmaka rAkSasa ne ise basAyA thA / usake vinAza ke bAda yaha vaiSNavatIrtha ke rUpa meM vikasita huI / trita vaidika sAhitya meM spaSTataH yaha eka devatA kA nAma hai / kintu nirukta (4.6 ) ke eka pariccheda meM yAska ne trita ko RSi kA nAma batAyA hai / trita ATya --- apAnnapAt, trita Aptya, mAtarizvA, ahidhanya evaM aja ekapAda ko indra evaM rudra ke kAlpanika paryAya kahate haiM, jo AkAzIya vidyut ke rUpa meM varNita haiM / 'apAMnapAt' evaM 'trita Aptya' kA prArambha iNDo-IrAniyana kAla se pAyA jAtA hai| ina donoM evaM mAtarizvA ko kahIM-kahIM agni (vizeSa kara isake AkAzIya rUpa meM) mAnA gayA hai / Rgveda meM koI pUrA sUkta 'trita Aptya' ko samarpita nahIM hai, kintu anya devatAparaka kaI sUktoM meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / indra, agni, marut aura soma ke sAtha prAyaH isakA varNana milatA hai| vRtra ke Upara isake Akra maNa aura AghAta ke kaI sandarbha pAye jAte haiM / isakI 'Aptya' upAdhi se lagatA hai ki isakI utpatti 'ap' (jala) se huI / sAyaNa ne isako jala kA putra kahA hai / isake sampUrNa varNana se anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki trita (Aya) vidyut kA devatA hai| tIna prakAra kI agni- pArthiva agni, antarikSa kI agni (vidyut ) indra athavA vAyu aura vyoma kI agni (sUrya) meM se yaha antarikSa kI agni hai| dhIre-dhIre indra ne isakI zakti ko AtmasAt kara liyA aura devatAoM meM isakA sthAna bahuta nagaNya ho gyaa| sAyaNa ne trita Aptya kI utpatti kI prakAra kahI hai agni ne tAhati ke avazeSa ko sApha karane ke lie Ahuti kI eka cinagArI jala meM pheMka dI / usase ekata dvita aura trita tIna puruSa utpanna ho gye| kyoMki ve 'ap' se utpanna hue the ataH 'Apatya' kahalAye / eka dina trita kUpa se pAnI lene gayA aura usameM gira gyaa| asuroM ne kUpa ke mu~ha para bhArI Dhakkana rakha diyA, kintu trita usako AsAnI se tor3akara nikala AyA / 'nItimaJjarI' meM yaha kathA bhinna prakAra se kahI gayI hai| eka bAra trita Adi tInoM bhAI jaba yAtrA kara rahe the to unako pyAsa lgii| ve eka kUpa ke pAsa 39 kathA : 305 pahu~ce / trita ne kUpa se jala nikAla kara apane bhAiyoM ko pilAyA / bhAiyoM ke mana meM lobha AyA / trita kI sampatti har3apa lene ke vicAra se usako kUpa meM Dhakela kara usake mu~ha para gAr3I kA cakkA rakha diyA / trita ne ati bhaktibhAva se devatAoM kI prArthanA kI aura unakI kRpA se vaha bAhara nikala AyA / tripapradAnasaptamI - hasta nakSatrayukta mAgha zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / yaha (tithivrata kRtyakalpataru dvArA svIkRta tathA mAsavrata hemAdri dvArA svIkRta hai / ) eka varSa paryanta calatA hai / isake sUrya devatA haiM / vratI ko pratyeka mAsa puta, pAna, yava, subarNa aura ATha anya vastue~ kramazaH dAna meM denI cAhie tathA eka dhAnya ( mizra - mana prakAra kA ) aura pratyeka mAsa kramazaH gomUtra, jala tathA dasa pRthak-pRthak vastue~ grahaNa karanI caahie| isase tIna vastue~ prApta hotI haiM samRddha kula meM janma, susvAsthya tathA dhana / hemAdri ne 'nayanaprada saptamI' ke nAma se ise sambodhita kiyA hai| tridaNDI - zrIvaiSNava saMnyAsI zaGkara ke dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM se bhinna haiM / inake sampradAya meM kevala brAhmaNa hI grahaNa kiye jAte haiM jo tridaNDa dhAraNa karate haiN| dasanAmI saMnyAsI ekadaNDadhArI hote haiN| donoM vargoM kA kramazaH tridaNDI' evaM 'ekadaNDI' kahakara bheda kiyA gayA hai| tripAdavibhUtimahAnArAyaNa upaniSad - yaha paravartI upaniSada hai| tripuNDra - zaiva sampradAya kA dhArmika cihna, jo bhauMhoM ke samAnAntara lalATa ke eka sire se dUsare taka bhasma kI tIna rekhAoM se aMkita hotA hai| tripuNDra kA cihna chAtI, bhujAoM evaM zarIra ke anya bhAgoM para bhI aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| 'kAlAgnirudra upa0' meM tripuNDra para dhyAna kendrita karane kI rahasyamaya kriyA kA varNana hai / yaha sAMketika cihna zAktoM dvArA bhI apanAyA gayA hai| yaha ziva evaM zakti ke ekasva ( sAmujya) kA nirdezaka hai| tripura- brAhmaNa granthoM meM tripura kA prayoga eka vizvasanIya surakSA ke artha meM kiyA gayA hai| kintu yaha prasaMga kliSTa kalpanA hai| tIna dIvAroM se ghire hue durga ke artha meM isako grahaNa karanA bhI sandigdha hI hai| paravartI sAhitya meM tripura bANAsura kI rAjadhAnI thI jo svarNa, raupya aura lauha kI banI thii| ziva ne isakA

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306 dhvaMsa kiyA ataH ve 'tripurAri' kahalAye / skandapurANa ke avantikA aura revA khaNDa meM isakA vistRta varNana hai| ziva avantikA se tripura para AkramaNa kiyA thA isalie isa vijaya ke upalakSya meM avantikA kA nAma 'umavinI' (vizeSa vijaya vAlI) pddh'aa| yaha nagara Age calakara 'tripurI' bhI kahalAyA / isakA avazeSa jabalapura se 6-7 mIla pazcima tevara gAMva aura AsanyAsa ke dUhA~ ke rUpa meM par3A huA hai| tripurasundarI - yaha jagadambA mahAzakti kA eka rUpa hai / tripurasUdana vrata -- tInoM uttarA nakSatra yukta ravivAra ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| pratimA ko ghRta, dugdha, ganne ke rasa meM snAna karAkara tatpazcAt kesara se udvartana tathA bAda meM pUjana karanA cAhie / tripurA-yaha devI kA nAma hai, jo bhUH bhuvaH svaH lokoM athavA pRthvI, pAtAla, svarga kI svAminI haiN| tantrazAstra meM tripurA kA bar3A mahatva varNita hai| baMgAla ke pUrva meM sthita eka pradeza kA bhI yaha nAma hai, jo mahAmAyA tripurA kI ArAdhanA kA purAnA kendra thaa| jabalapura ke pAsa sthita prAcIna tripurI bhI pahale zakti upAsanA kA kSetra thaa| lagatA hai ki isake naSTa hone para yaha pITha sthAnAntarita hokara (naye rAjavaMza ke sAtha) vaMga deza ke pArvatya aura jAGgala pradeza meM calA gayA aura isa pradeza ko apanA uparyukta nAma diyaa| tripurA upaniSad - yaha zAkta upaniSad hai jisakI racanA saM0 957-1417 ke madhya kisI samaya mAnI jAtI hai / isameM 16 pa hai tathA isakA sambandha Rgveda kI zAkala zAkhA se jor3A jAtA hai| yaha zAkta mata ke dArzanika AdhAra kA saMkSipta varNana upasthita karatI hai / sAtha hI yaha aneka prakAra kI vyavahRta pUjA kA bhI varNana karatI hai| 'atharvaziram upaniSad' ke antargata pAMca upaniSadoM meM se yaha eka hai / tripurAtantra' AgamatasvavilAsa' meM uddhRta 64 tantroM kI tAlikA meM 14vA~ tantra tripurAtantra hai / tripurAtApanIya upaniSad - zAkta upaniSadoM meM se eka pramukha yaha 'nRsiMhatApanIya' kI praNAlI para prastuta huI hai aura 'atharvaziras' varga kI pA~ca upaniSadoM ke antargata hai / racanAkAla 'tripurA upaniSad' ke Asa-pAsa hai / tripurasundarI - triyuga tripurotsava - isa vrata ke anuSThAna meM kArtikI pUrNimA ko sAndhya kAla meM zivajI ke mandira meM dIpa prajvalita karanA cAhie / tribhASya-saMttirIya prAtizAsya para Atreya mAriSetra aura vararuci ke likhe bhASya the, parantu ve aba nahIM milate / ina purAne bhASyoM ko dekhakara kArtikeya ne 'tribhASya' nAma kA eka vistRta grantha racA hai / trimadhura-madhu, vRta tathA zarkarA ko trimadhura kahA jAtA hai| dhArmika kriyAoM meM isakA naivedya rUpa meM pracura upayoga hotA hai / trimUrti - maitrAyaNI upaniSad meM trimUrti kA siddhAnta sarvaprathama do adhyAyoM meM varNita hai / eka hI sarvazreSTha sattA ke tIna rUpa haiM-hmA, viSNu evaM ziva uparyukta upaniSad ke pahale pariccheda (4.5-6 ) meM kevala itanA hI kahA gayA hai ki tInoM deva nirAkAra sattA ke sarvazreSTha rUpa haiN| dUsare meM (5.2 ) inake dArzanika pakSa kA yaha varNana hai ki ye prakRti ke adRzya AdhAra sattva, rajas evaM tamas haiN| eka hI sattA tIna devoM ke rUpa meM nirUpita hai-- viSNu sattva haiM, brahmA rajas haiM tathA ziva tamas haiN| trimUrti siddhAnta kA yaha vAstavika rUpa hai, kintu pratyeka sampradAya apane devatA ko hI sarvazreSTha mAnatA hai / ataeva pratyeka sampradAya meM trimUrti ke vibhinna rUpa haiM / vaiSNavoM meM viSNu hI brahma haiM tathA brahmA aura ziva unake Azrita deva haiN| usI prakAra zaivoM meM ziva brahmasvarUpa haiM tathA viSNu aura brahmA unake Azrita hai| yahI bhAva gANapatya evaM zAtoM meM bhI hai| nimbArka, vallabha tathA dUsare vaiSNava matAvalambI kRSNa ko viSNu se bhinna evaM brahma kA rUpa mAnate haiM / sAhitya, mUrtizilpa evaM citrakalA meM trimUrti ke rUpoM kA vividha aura vistRta citraNa huA hai / trimUtivrata jyeSTha zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai| tIna varSa paryanta yaha calatA haiN| isameM viSNu bhagavAn kI vAyu sUrya tathA candramA tIna daivata mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM pUjA hotI hai| - triyuga - Rgveda (10.97, 1 ), taittirIya saM0 (4.2,6,1 ) tathA vAjasaneyI saM0 ( 12.75 ) meM isa zabda kA artha latA - oSadhi vanaspatiyoM kI kramika utpatti kA vaha yuga hai, jaba devatAoM kI bhI sRSTi nahIM huI thI (devebhyas triyugam purA ) nirukta ke bhASyakAra (9.28) kA mata hai

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triyugInArAyaNa-triveNI 307 ki triyuga eravartI bhArata ke kAlakrama ko kahate haiM tathA trivikrama-(1) trivikrama kA zAbdika artha hai 'tIna caraNa paudhoM kI utpatti usameM se prathama yuga meM huii| zatapatha vAlA' / yaha viSNu kA hI eka nAma hai / Rgveda meM viSNu ke brA0 (7.2,4,26) meM isase tIna RtuoM-vasanta, varSA (lambe) DagoM se AkAza meM car3hane kA ullekha hai / 'viSNu evaM patajhar3a kA artha lagAyA gayA hai / sUrya kA hI eka rUpa hai / vaha apane prAtaHkAlIna, madhyAhnatriyugInArAyaNa-himAlaya sthita eka tIrtha sthAna / badarI- kAlIna tathA sAyaMkAlIna lambe DagoM se sampUrNa AkAza nAtha ke mArga meM parvatazikhara para bhagavAn nArAyaNa bhUdevI ko nApa letA hai| isI lie usako Rgveda meM 'urukrama' tathA lakSmI devI ke sAtha virAjamAna haiM / sarasvatI gaGgA (lambe DagavAlA) kahA gayA hai / isI vaidika kalpanA ke kI dhArA yahA~ hai, jisase cAra kuNDa banAye gaye haiM-brahma- AdhAra para purANoM meM vAmana kI kathA kI racanA huI aura kuNDa, rudrakuNDa, viSNukuNDa aura sarasvatIkuNDa / rudrakuNDa unako trivikrama kahA gyaa| purANoM ke anusAra viSNu ke meM snAna, viSNukuNDa meM mArjana, brahmakuNDa meM Acamana aura vAmana avatAra ne apane tIna caraNoM se rAjA bali kI sarasvatIkuNDa meM tarpaNa hotA hai / mandira meM akhaNDa dhUnI sampUrNa pRthivI aura usakI pITha nApa lii| isalie jalatI rahatI hai jo tIna yugoM se prajvalita mAnI jAtI viSNu trivikrama khlaaye| hai / kahate haiM ziva-pArvatI kA vivAha yahIM huA thA / (2) 13vIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM vaiSNavAcArya madhvaracita trirAtravata-isa vrata meM akSAralavaNa bhojana tathA bhUmizayana vedAntasUtrabhASya para trivikrama ne 'tattvapradIpikA' nAmaka kA vidhAna hai / tIna rAtri isakA pAlana karanA par3atA hai, vyAkhyA likhI / gRhyasUtroM meM vivAha ke pazcAt pati-patnI dvArA isake trivikramatrirAtra vrata-mArgazIrSa zukla navamI ko yaha vrata pAlana kA Adeza hai| bar3e anuSThAnoM ke sAtha AnuSaGgika prArambha hotA hai| prati mAsa do trirAtravratoM ke hisAba se rUpa meM isakA prayoga hotA hai| cAra varSoM tathA do mAsoM meM, arthAt 50 mahInoM meM kula trilokanAtha-ziva kA eka nAma / isa nAma kA eka zaiva 100 trirAtravrata hote haiM / isameM vAsudeva kA pUjana hotA tIrtha hai| himAcala pradeza meM raTAMga jota (vyAsakuNDa) se hai / aSTamI ko ekabhakta tathA usake bAda tIna dina taka utarane para candrA nadI ke taTa para khokasara AtA hai / yahA~ upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| kArtika meM vrata kI samApti hotI DAkabaMgalA aura dharmazAlA hai| candrabhAgA ke kinAre hai / de0 hemAdri, 2.318-320 / trivikrama 'viSNu' kA kinAre 28 mIla trilokanAtha ke lie rAstA jAtA hai| hI eka viruda hai| Rgveda ke viSNusukka meM viSNu ke tIna trilokanAtha kA mandira choTA parantu bahuta sundara banA padoM (trivikrama) kA ullekha hai / purANoM ke anusAra viSNu ne vAmana rUpa meM apane tIna padoM se sampUrNa trilokI ko huA hai| nApa liyA thaa| isa vrata meM isI rUpa kA dhyAna kiyA trilocana-nAmadeva ke samakAlIna eka marAThA bhakta gAyaka, jAtA hai| jinake bAre meM bahuta kama jJAta hai / grantha sAhaba meM unakI tIna trivikramavrata-yaha viSNuvrata hai| kArtika se tIna mAsa stutiyA~ milatI haiM, kintu unakI marAThI kavitAe~ tathA taka athavA tIna varSa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| smRti bhI unakI janmabhUmi meM hI kho gayI jJAta hotI hai| ___ isake anuSThAna se vratI pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / de0 ye vaiSNava bhakta the| hemAdri, 2.854-855 (viSNudharma0 se ); kRtyakalpataru, trilocanayAtrA-(1) vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA 429-430 / anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM zivaliGga ( trilocana ) kA trivRta-dugdha, dadhi tathA ghRta samAna bhAga hone para trivRta pUjana karanA cAhie / de0 kAzIkhaNDa / kahalAte haiM (vaikhAnasasmArtasUtra, 3.10) / dhArmika kriyAoM (2) trayodazI ke dina pradoSa kAla meM kAzI meM kAmeza meM trivRta kA prAyaH upayoga hotA hai| kA darzana karanA cAhie / vizeSa rUpa se zanivAra ke dina triveNI-tIna veNiyoM (jaladhArAoM) kA saGgama / prayAga kAmakUNDa meM snAna kA vidhAna hai| de0 puruSArthacintA- tIrtharAja kA yaha paryAya hai| gaGgA aura yamanA do nadiyA~ maNi, 230 / yahA~ milatI hai aura vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki sarasvatI

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308 trivendram-yambakahoma bhI, jo rAjasthAna ke marusthala meM lupta ho jAtI hai, pRthvI mahattvapUrNa grantha meM unhoMne manuSya ke lie inhIM tIna ke nIce-nIce Akara unase mila jAtI hai| hindU dharma meM pavitra tIrthasthAnoM kI yAtrA kA mahattva batalAyA hai / nadiyA~ pavitra mAnI jAtI haiM, do nadiyoM kA saGgama aura vastutaH ina tInoM sthaloM kA samyak sukRta samAhAra hI adhika pavitra mAnA jAtA hai aura tIna nadiyoM kA saGgama kisI tIrthayAtrI kI yAtrA kA mUla utsa hai| yadi ina to aura bhI adhika pavitra samajhA jAtA hai| yahA~ para tInoM sthaloM kI yAtrA usane nahIM kI to usakI tIrthasnAna aura dAna kA vizeSa mahattva hai| yAtrA vyartha hai| 'tristhalIsetu' ke AnandAzrama saMskaraNa trivendram-yaha tIrthasthAna kerala pradeza meM hai| yaha vaiSNava meM prayAga kA vivaraNa pRSTha 1 se 72 taka, kAzI kA tIrtha hai / nagara kA zuddha nAma 'tiruanantapuram' hai| purANoM vivaraNa pRSTha 73 se 316 taka tathA gayA kA vivaraNa meM isa sthAna kA nAma 'anantavanam' milatA hai| prAcIna pRSTha 317 se 379 taka diyA gayA hai| trAvaNakora rAjya tathA vartamAna kerala pradeza kI yaha rAja- trisama-dAlacInI, ilAyacI aura patraka ko trisama kahA dhAnI hai| szana se Adhe mIla para yahA~ ke nareza kA jAtA hai / de0 hemAdri, 143 / isakA bhaiSajya aura dhArmika rAjaprAsAda hai| bhItara padmanAbha bhagavAn kA mandira hai| kriyAoM meM upayoga hotA hai| pUrva bhAga meM svarNamaMDita garuDastambha hai| dakSiNa bhAga meM trisugandha-dAlacInI, ilAyacI tathA patraka ke samAna bhAga zAstA ( hariharaputra ) kA choTA mandira hai| utsava ko trisugandha bhI kahate haiN| dhArmika kriyAoM meM inakA vigraha ke sAtha zrIdevI, bhUdevI, lIlAdevI ko mUrtiyA~ prAyaH vyavahAra hotA hai| virAjamAna haiM / zAstrIya vidhi ke anusAra dvAdaza sahasra tryaNuka-vaizeSika darzana aNuvAdamUlaka bhautikavAdI hai / ( 12000 ) zAlagrAma mUrtiyA~ bhItara rakhakara "kaTuzarkara yoga" nAmaka mizraNa vizeSa se bhagavAn padmanAbha dravyoM ke nau prakAra isameM mAnya haiN| unameM prathama cAra kA vartamAna vigraha nirmita huA hai| padmanAbha hI trAvaNa paramANuoM ke prakAra haiM / pratyeka paramANu aparivartanazIla kora (kerala) ke adhipati mAne jAte hai / rAjA bhI unakA evaM antima sattA hai| ye cAra prakAra ke guNa rakhate haiM, pratinidhi mAtra hotA thaa| yathA gaMdha, svAda, tApa, prakAza (pRthvI, jala, vAyu, agni ke anusAra ) / do paramANu milakara 'dvayaNuka' banAte haiM trizaku-taittirIya upaniSad meM varNita eka AcArya tathA tathA aise do aNuoM ke milana se 'tryaNuka' banate hai / vaidika sAhitya ke eka rAjaRSi / paravartI sAhitya ke ye tryaNuka hI vaha sabase choTI ikAI hai, jisameM vizeSa anusAra trizaGka eka rAjA kA nAma hai| vizvAmitra ne guNa hotA hai aura jo padArtha kahA jA sakatA hai| isako sadeha svarga bhejane kI ceSTA kI, parantu vasiSTha ne tryambaka-tIna ambaka ( netra) vAlA ( athavA tIna mAtA apane mantrabala se usako AkAza meM hI roka diyaa| taba se trizaGka eka tArA ke rUpa meM adhara meM hI laTakA huA hai| vAlA ) / yaha ziva kA paryAya hai / 'mahAmRtyuJjaya' mantra ke trizaktitantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM dI gayI 64 tantroM japa meM ziva ke isI rUpa kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| kI sUcI meM yaha 43vA~ tantra hai / tryambakavata-caturdazI tithi ko bhagavAn zaGkara ke prItyartha trizikhibrAhmaNa upaniSad-yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai| yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| pratyeka varSa ke anta meM eka trizoka-eka purAkAlIna RSi, jisakA ullekha Rgveda godAna karate hue manuSya zivapada prApta karatA hai / de0 (1.112,13; 8.45,30 tathA 10.29,2) tathA atharva harivaMza, 2.147 / veda ( 4.29,6) meM huA hai / paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM usake vyambakahoma-'sAkamedha' ke antargata, jo cAturmAsyayajJa nAma se sambandhita eka sAma kA prasaMga hai| kA tRtIya parva hai usameM pitRyajJa kA vidhAna hai| isI yajJa tristhalI-bhArata ke tIna zreSTha tIrtha prayAga, kAzI aura kA dUsarA bhAga hai 'tryambakahoma' jo rudra ke lie kiyA gayA vidvAnoM dvArA 'tristhalI' ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAtA hai| isakA uddezya devatA ko prasanna karanA tathA gaye haiN| nArAyaNa bhaTTa ne 1637 vi0 meM vArANasI meM unheM dUsare logoM ke pAsa bhejane ke lie taiyAra karanA hai, 'tristhalIsetU' nAma kA eka grantha likhA thaa| isa jisase yajJakartA ko koI hAni na ho| bhautika utpAta

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309 tryahaHspRka-dakSa ke avasara para 'zatarudriya homa' bhI uparyukta yajJa ke hI samAna zAntipradAyaka hotA hai| tryahaHspRk-viSNudharma0 1.60.14 ke anusAra jaba eka tithi (60 ghar3I se adhika) tIna dina tathA rAta kA sparza karatI hai taba use yahaHspRk kahA jAtA hai| isameM eka tithi kI vRddhi ho jAtI hai| trailokyamohanatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI tantrasUcI meM uddhRta yaha eka tantra hai| trailokyasAratantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI tantrasUcI meM uddhRta yaha eka tantra grantha hai / tvaSTA-vaidika devoM meM ati prAcIna tvaSTA zilpakAra devatA hai tathA devoM kA nirmANakArya isI ke adhIna hai| 'tvaSTA' kA zAbdika artha hai nirmANa karanevAlA, zilpa- kAra, vAstukAra / vizvakarmA bhI yahI hai / yaha 'dyo' kA paryAya bhI ho sakatA hai| sabhI vastuoM ko nizcita AkAra meM alaMkRta karanA tathA garbhAvasthA meM piNDa ko AkRti pradAna karanA isakA kArya hai| manuSya evaM pazu sabhI jIvita rUpoM kA janmadAtA hone ke kAraNa yaha vaMza evaM jananazakti kA pratinidhi hai| yaha manuSyajAti kA pUrvaja hai, kyoMki prathama manuSya yama aura usakI putrI saraNyA kA putra hai ( R0 10.16.1 ) / vAyu usakA jAmAtA hai ( 8.26.21 ), agni ( 1.95.2 ) evaM anubhAva se indra (6.59.2; 2.17.6) usake putra hai / tvaSTA kA eka putra vizvarUpa hai| lolaujajjayinI guhyaH zaraccandravidArakaH / isake dhyAna kI vidhi nimnAMkita hai : nIlavarNAM trinayanAM SaDbhujAM varadAM parAm / pItavastraparIdhAnAM sadA siddhipradAyinIm / / evaM dhyAtvA thakArantu tanmantraM dazadhA japet / paJcadevamayaM varNa paJcaprANamayaM sadA // taruNAdityasaMkAzaM thakAraM praNamAmyam / / thaM-yaha mAGgalika dhvani hai (medinii)| isIlie saMgIta ke tAla meM isakA saMketa hotA hai| isakA tAttvika artha hai rakSaNa / de0 ekAkSarakoza / tha-medinIkoza ke anusAra isakA artha hai 'parvata' / tantra meM yaha bhaya se rakSA karane vAlA mAnA jAtA hai| kahIM-kahIM isakA artha 'bhayacihna' bhI hai / zabdaratnAvalI meM isakA artha 'bhakSaNa' bhI diyA huA hai| thAnesara(sthANvIzvara)tIrtha-yaha tIrthasthAna hariyANA pradeza meM sthita hai aura thAnesara zahara se lagabhaga do phAMga kI dUrI para atyanta hI pavitra sarovara hai / isake taTa para sthAvIzvara ( sthANu-ziva ) kA prAcIna mandira hai| kahA jAtA hai ki eka bAra isa sarovara ke kucha jalabinduoM ke sparza se hI mahArAja vena kA kuSTha roga dUra ho gayA thaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki mahAbhAratIya yuddha meM pANDavoM ne pUjA se prasanna zaMkarajI se yahIM vijaya kA AzIrvAda grahaNa kiyA thaa| puSyabhUti vaMza ke prasiddha rAjA harSavarddhana tathA usake pUrvajoM kI yaha rAjadhAnI thii| prAcIna kAla se yaha prasiddha zaiva tIrtha hai| tha-vyaJjana varNoM ke tavarga kA dvitIya akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA tAntrika mahattva nimnalikhita prakAra se batAyA gayA hai : thakAraM caJcalApAGgi kunnddliimokssdaayinii| vizaktisahitaM varNaM tribindusahitaM sadA // paJcadevamayaM varNa paJcaprANAtmakaM sadA / aruNAdityasaMkAzaM thakAraM praNamAmyaham / / tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAma batalAye gaye haiM : thaH sthirAmI mahAgranthinthigrAho bhayAnakaH / zilo zirasijo daNDI bhadrakAlI ziloccayaH / / kRSNo buddhivikarmA ca dakSanAsAdhiyo'maraH / varadA yogadA kezo vAmajAnuraso'nalaH / / dakSa-Adityavarga ke devatAoM meM se eka / kahA jAtA hai ki aditi ne dakSa ko tathA dakSa ne aditi ko janma diyA / yahA~ aditi sRSTi ke strItattva evaM dakSa puruSatattva kA pratIka hai / dakSa ko balazAlI, buddhizAlI, antardRSTiyukta evaM icchAzaktisampanna kahA gayA hai| usakI tulanA varuNa ke utpAdanakArya, zakti evaM kalA se ho sakatI hai| skandapurANa meM dakSa prajApati kI vistRta paurANika kathA dI huI hai / dakSa kI putrI satI ziva se byAhI gayI thii| dakSa ne eka yajJa kiyA, jisameM anya devatAoM ko nimantraNa diyA kintu ziva ko nahIM bulaayaa| satI animantrita pitA ke yahA~ gayI aura yajJa meM pati kA bhAga na dekhakara

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310 vakSa pArvati-daNDanIti usane apanA zarIra tyAga diyaa| isa ghaTanA se kruddha ho- calane vAlA upAsaka apane ko ziva mAnakara paJcatattva kara ziva ne apane gaNoM ko bhejA jinhoMne yajJa kA vidhvaMsa se zivA (zakti) kI pUjA karatA hai aura madya ke kara diyaa| ziva satI ke zava ko kandhe para lekara vikSipta sthAna meM vijayArasa (bhaMga) kA sevana karatA hai / vijayAghUmate rhe| jahA~-jahA~ satI ke zarIra ke aMga gire vahA~- rasa bhI paJca makAroM meM ginA jAtA hai| isa mArga ko vahA~ vividha tIrtha bana gye| vAmAcAra se zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai / dAkSiNAtyoM meM zaMkara__dakSa nAma ke eka smRtikAra bhI hue haiM, jinakI svAmI ke anuyAyI zavoM meM dakSiNAcAra kA pracalana dharmazAstrIya kRti 'dakSasmRti' prasiddha hai / / dekhA jAtA hai| vakSa pArvati-parvata ke vaMzaja dakSa pArvati kA ullekha zatapatha dakSiNAcArI-dakSiNAcAra kA AcaraNa karane vAle zAkta brAhmaNa (2.4,4,6) meM eka vizeSa yajJa ke sandarbha meM haA upAsaka / de0 'dakSiNAcAra' / hai, jise usake vaMzaja dAkSAyaNa karate rahe tathA usake dakSiNAmUti upaniSad-eka paravattI upaniSa prabhAva se brAhmaNakAla taka ve rAjyapada ke bhAgI bane rhe| dakSiNAmatistotravAtika-surezvarAcArya (maNDana mizra) ne isakA ullekha kauSItaki brAhmaNa (4.4) meM bhI hai| saMnyAsa lene ke bAda jina aneka granthoM kA praNayana kiyA dakSiNataHkaparda-vasiSThavaMzajoM kA eka viruda (R0 ve unameM se eka yaha grantha bhI hai| 7.33.6), kyoMki ve kezoM kI veNI yA jaTAjUTa banAkara ra daNDa-manusmRti meM daNDa ko devatA kA rUpa diyA gayA hai pala use mastaka ke dakSiNa bhAga kI ora jhukAye rakhate the| jisakA raGga kAlA evaM A~kheM lAla hai, jise prajApati ne dakSiNA-yajJa karane vAle purohitoM ko diye gaye dAna dharma ke avatAra evaM apane putra ke rUpa meM janma diyA / (zulka) ko dakSiNA kahate haiM / aise avasaroM para 'gAya' hI daNDa hI vizva meM zAnti kA rakSaka hai / isakI anupasthiti prAyaH zulka hotI thii| dAnastuti tathA brAhmaNoM meM isakA meM zaktizAlI nirbaloM ko satAne lagate haiM evaM mAtsya nyAya aura bhI vistAra huA hai, jaise gAe~, azva, bhaiMsa, U~Ta, phaila jAtA hai (jaise bar3I machalI choTI machalI ko nigala AbhUSaNa Adi / isameM bhUmi kA samAveza nahIM hai, kyoMki jAtI hai, usI prakAra bar3e loga choTe logoM ko miTA bhUmi para sAre kuTumba kA adhikAra hotA thA aura binA DAlate haiN)| sabhI sadasyoM kI anumati ke isakA dAna nahIM kiyA jA ___ daNDa hI vAstava meM rAjA tathA zAsana hai, yadyapi isakA sakatA thA / ataeva bhUmi adeya samajhI gayI / kintu madhya prayoga rAjA athavA ucita adhikArI dvArA hotA hai| yuga Ate-Ate bhUmi bhI rAjA dvArA dakSiNA meM dI jAne aparAdha se gurutara daNDa dene para prajA ruSTa hotI hai tathA lgii| phira bhI isakA artha thA bhUmi se rAjya ko jo laghutara daNDa dene para vaha rAjA kA Adara nahIM krtii| Aya hotI thI, usakA dAna / ataeva rAjA ko cAhie ki vaha aparAdha ko ThIka taula pratyeka dhArmika athavA mAGgalika kRtya ke anta meM kara daNDavidhAna kre| yadi aparAdhI ko rAjA daNDita purohita, Rtvij athavA brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA denA na kare to vahI usake kiye hue aparAdha evaM pApoM kA, Avazyaka samajhA jAtA hai| isake binA zubha kArya kA bhAgI hotA hai / manu ne 'daNDa' ke mAhAtmya meM kahA hai : suphala nahIM milatA, aisA vizvAsa hai| brahmacarya athavA daNDa: zAsti prajAH sarvA daNDa evAbhirakSati / adhyayana samApta hone para ziSya dvArA AcArya (guru) ko daNDaH supteSu jAgati daNDaM dharma vidurbudhAH // dakSiNA dene kA vidhAna gRhyasUtroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| bakSiNAcAra-zaiva mata ke anurUpa hI zAkta mata bhI nigamoM [daNDa hI zAsana karatA hai| daNDa hI rakSA karatA para AdhArita hai, tadanantara jaba AgamoM ke vistRta hai / jaba saba sote rahate haiM to daNDa hI jAgatA hai / buddhiAcAra kA zAkta mata meM aura bhI samAveza haA taba se mAnoM ne daNDa ko hI dharma kahA hai|] nigamAnumodita zAkta mata kA nAma dakSiNAcAra, dakSiNamArga daNDanIti-rAjazAstra kA eka nAma / yaha zAstra ati athavA vaidika zAktamata par3a gyaa| Ajakala isa dakSiNA- prAcIna hai| mahAbhArata, zAntiparva ke 59veM adhyAya meM cAra kA bhI eka viziSTa rUpa bana gayA hai / isa mArga para likhA hai ki satyayuga meM bahuta kAla taka na rAjA thA, na /

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daNDI - dattAtreya daNDa / prajA karmAnugAminI thI / phira kAma, krodha, lobhAdi durgaNa utpanna hue / karttavyAkartavya kA jJAna naSTa huA evaM 'mAtsya nyAya' kA bolabAlA huA / aisI dazA meM devoM kI prArthanA para brahmA ne eka lAkha adhyAyoM vAlA 'daNDanIti' nAma kA nItizAstra raca ddaalaa| isI ke saMkSipta rUpa AvazyakatAnusAra samaya-samaya para 'vaizA lAkSa', 'bAhudantaka', bArhaspatya zAstra', 'ozanasI nIti', 'arthazAstra', 'kAmandakIya nIti' evaM 'zukranItisAra' hue daNDanIti kA prayoga rAjA ke dvArA hotA thaa| yaha rAjadharma kA hI pramukha aGga hai / kauTilya ne apane 'arthazAstra' ke vidyAsamuddeza prakaraNa meM vidyAoM kI sUcI meM daNDanIti kI gaNanA kI hai 'AnvIkSikI yI vArtA daNDanItizceti vidyAH / ' kauTilya ne kaI rAjanItika sampradAyoM meM ozanasasampradAya kA ullekha kiyA hai jo kevala daNDanIti ko hI vidyA mAnatA thA / parantu unhoMne svayaM isakA prativAda kiyA hai aura kahA hai ki cAra vidyAe~ haiM ( catasra eva vidyA) aura inake sandarbha meM hI daNDanIti kA adhyayana ho sakatA hai / 'arthazAstra' meM daNDanIti ke nimnAMkita kArya batAye gaye haiM : ( 1 ) alabdhalAbhArthA ( jo nahI prApta hai usako prApta karAne vAlI ), ( 2 ) labdhasya parirakSiNI ( jo prApta hai usakI rakSA karane vAlI ), (3) rakSitasya vivardhinI ( jo rakSita hai usakI vRddhi karane vAlI ) aura ( 4 ) vRddhasya pAtreSu pratipAdinI (bar3he hue kA pAtroM meM samyak prakAra se vibhAjana karanevAlI ) / baNDI - caturtha Azrama ke kartavya vyavahAroM ke pratIka rUpa bA~sa kA daNDa jo saMnyAsI hAtha meM dhAraNa karate haiM, ve daNDI kahe jAte haiN| Ajakala prAyaH zaGkara svAmI ke anugAmI daNDiyoM kA vizeSa pracalana hai / yaha unake dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM kA eka Antarika varga hai| inake niyamAnusAra kevala brAhmaNa hI daNDa dhAraNa kara sakatA hai / isakI kriyAe~ itanI kaThina haiM ki brAhmaNoM meM bhI kucha thor3e hI unakA nirvAha kara sakate haiM aura adhikAMza isa adhikAra kA upayoga nahIM kara pAte ! 311 kAzI ne guru dattagorakhasaMvAda - nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, gorakhanAtha viracita 37 grantha khoja nikAle haiM, jinameM se 'dattagorakhasaMvAda' bhI pramukha grantha hai / --- datta tApasa paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 25.15.3 ) ke varNanAnusAra datta tApasa tathAkathita sarpayajJa meM hotA purohita thaa| datta sampradAya - prAcIna vaiSNavoM ke vyApaka bhAgavata sampradAya kI aba tIna zAkhAe~ pAyI jAtI haiM- vArakarI sampradAya, rAmadAsI pantha evaM datta sampradAya ye tInoM sampradAya mahArASTra meM hI utpanna hue aura vahIM se phaile| ina sampradAyoM meM ucca koTi ke santa, bhakta aura kavi ho gaye haiM / datta sampradAya tInoM meM purAnA hai / isake ArAdhya yA Adarza avadhUtarAja dattAtreya mAne jAte haiM / datta homa - dattaka putra grahaNa vidhi kA anuSThAna hotA hai apanA uttarAdhikArI evaM / karane ke samaya isa dhArmika hinduoM meM putrahIna pitA vaMzaparamparA sthApita karane ke lie dUsare ke putra ko grahaNa karatA hai / isa avasara para use dUsarI Avazyaka vidhiyoM ke karane ke pazcAt vyAhRtihoma athavA 'dattahoma' karanA par3atA hai| isa homa kA Azaya devoM kA sAkSitva prApta karanA hotA hai ki unakI upasthiti meM putrasaMgraha kA kArya sampanna huA / dattAtreya - Agamavarga kI pratyeka saMhitA prArambhika rUpa meM kisI na kisI sampradAya kI pUjA yA siddhAnta kA varNana upasthita karatI hai / dattAtreya kI pUjA isa nAma kI 'dattAtreyasaMhitA' meM upalabdha hai| battAtreya ko mAnabhAu sampradAya vAle apane sampradAya kA mukhya AcArya kahate haiM tathA unakI pUjA karate haiN| dattAtreya kI aspaSTa mUrtipUjA chAyA rUpa meM mAnabhAu sampradAya ke itihAsa ke sAtha saMlagna raho hai| dattAtreya ko aitihAsika saMnyAsI mAna liyA jAya to avazya hI ve mahArASTra pradeza meM hue hoMge tathA yAdavagiri ( melakoTa ) se sambandhita rahe hoMge jaisA nAradapurANa meM / ullikhita hai, unhoMne maisUrasthita yAdavagiri kI yAtrA kI thI / saMprati unakA pratinidhitva tIna mastaka vAlI eka saMnyAsI mUrti se hotA hai aura isa prakAra ve trimUrti bhI samajhe jAte haiM / unake sAtha cAra kutte evaM eka gAya hotI hai, jo kramazaH cAroM vedoM evaM pRthvI ke pratIka haiM /

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312 dattAtreyaupaniSada-vadhi kintu mAnabhAu loga unako isa rUpa meM na mAnakara kRSNa kA avatAra samajhate haiN| dattAtraya upaniSada-eka paravartI upaniSad hai, jisakA sambandha dattAtreya sampradAya athavA mAnabhAu sampradAya ke Arambha se hai| dattAtra yajanmavrata-mArgazIrSa kI pUrNamAsI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| maharSi atri kI patnI anasUyA apane putra ko 'datta' nAma se pukAratI thIM, kyoMki bhagavAn ne svayaM ko unheM putra rUpa meM pradAna kara diyA thaa| sAtha hI ve atri mani ke putra the, isalie saMsAra meM datta-Atreya ke nAma se ve prasiddha hue| de0 nirNayasindhu, 210; smRtikaustubha, 430; varSakRtyadIpikA, 107-108 / bhagavAn dattAtreya ke lie mahArASTra meM apUrva bhakti dekhI jAtI hai| udAharaNa ke lie, inase sambaddha tIrtha audumbara, gAGgApArA, narasobA-vADI ityAdi mahArASTra meM hI haiN| dattAtreya ne rAjA kArtavIrya ko varadAna diyA thA (vanaparva, 115. 12) dattAtreya viSNu ke avatAra batalAye jAte hai, unhoMne alarka ko yoga kA upadeza diyA thA / ve sahyAdri kI kandarAoM aura ghATiyoM meM nivAsa karate the aura avadhUta nAma se vikhyAta the| tamilanADu ke paJcAGgoM se pratIta hotA hai ki dattAtreyajayantI tamilanADu meM bhI manAyI jAtI hai| dattAtraya sampradAya-dattAtreya ko kRSNa kA avatAra mAna kara pUjA karane vAle eka sampradAya kA udaya mahArASTra pradeza meM huaa| isake anuyAyI vaiSNava haiN| ye mUrtipUjA ke virodhI haiM / isa sampradAya ko 'mAnabhAu', 'datta sampradAya', 'mahAnubhAva pantha' tathA 'munimArga' bhI kahate haiN| mahArASTra pradeza, barAra ke Rddhipura meM isake pradhAna mahanta kA maTha hai| parantu mahArASTra meM hI ye loga lokapriya na ho paaye| mahArASTra ke santakavi ekanAtha, giridhara Adi ne apanI kavitAoM meM inakI nindA kI hai| saM0 1839 meM mAdhavarAva pezavA ne pharamAna nikAlA ki 'mAnabhAu pantha pUrNatayA nindita hai| unheM varNabAhya samajhA jAya / na to unakA varNAzrama se sambandha hai aura na chahoM darzanoM meM sthAna hai| koI hindU unakA upadeza na sune, nahIM to jAticyuta kara diyA jaaygaa|" samAja unheM bhraSTa kahakara taraha-taraha ke doSa lagAtA thaa| jo ho, itanA to spaSTa hI hai ki yaha sudhAraka pantha varNAzrama dharma kI paravAha nahIM karatA thA aura isakA dhyeya kevala bhagavadbhajana aura upAsanA mAtra thA / yaha bhAgavata mata kI hI eka zAkhA hai| ye sabhI sahabhojI haiM kintu mAMsa, madya kA sevana nahIM karate aura apane saMnyAsiyoM ko mandiroM se adhika sammAnya mAnate haiM / dIkSA lekara jo isa pantha meM praveza karatA hai, vaha pUrNa guru pada kA adhikArI ho jAtA hai| ye apane zavoM ko samAdhi dete haiM / inake mandiroM meM eka vargAkAra athavA vRttAkAra saudha hotA hai, vahI paramAtmA kA pratIka hai| yadyapi dattAtreya ko ye apanA mArgapravartaka mAnate haiM to bhI prati yuga meM eka pravartaka ke avatIrNa hone kA vizvAsa karate haiM / isa prakAra inake aba taka pA~ca pravartaka hue haiM aura unake alaga-alaga pA~ca mantra bhI haiN| pAcoM mantra dIkSA meM diye jAte haiN| inake gahastha aura saMnyAsI do hI Azrama haiN| bhagavadgItA inakA mukhya grantha hai| inakA vizAla sAhitya marAThI meM hai, parantu gupta rakhane ke lie eka bhinna lipi meM likhA huA hai| lIlAsaMvAda, lIlAcaritra aura sUtrapATha tathA dattAtreya-upaniSad evaM saMhitA inake prAcIna grantha haiN| vikrama kI caudahavIM zatI ke Arambha meM santa cakradhara ne isa sampradAya kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thaa| jAna par3atA hai, cakradhara ne hI isa sampradAya meM ve sudhAra kiye jo usa samaya ke hindU samAja aura saMskRti ke viparIta lagate the| isa kAraya yaha sampradAya sanAtanI hinduoM kI dRSTi meM gira gayA aura bAda ko rAjya aura samAja donoM dvArA nindita mAnA jAne lgaa| santa cakradhara ke bAda santa nAgadeva bhaTra hue jo yAdavarAja rAmacandra aura santa yogI jJAnezvara ke samakAlIna the / yAdavarAja rAmacandra kA samaya saM0 1328-1363 hai| santa nAgadeva bhaTTa ne bhI isa sampradAya kA acchA pracAra kiyaa| mAnabhAu sampradAya vAle bhUre raGga ke kapar3e pahanate haiN| tulasI kI kaNThI aura kuNDala dhAraNa karate haiN| apanA mata gupta rakhate hai aura dIkSA ke pazcAt adhikArI ko hI upadeza dete haiN| prAcIna grantha / vadhi-vaidika sAhitya meM dadhi kA uddharaNa aneka bAra AyA hai| 'zatapatha brAhmaNa (1.8.1.7) meM ghRta, dadhi, mastu kA

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vaghoci-damanakamahotsava krama se ullekha hai / dadhi soma meM milAyA jAtA thaa| dadhIcitIrtha-yaha sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para hai, isa sthAna 'dadhyAzira' soma kA hI eka viruda hai| paravartI dhArmika para maharSi dadhIci kA Azrama thaa| inhoMne devarAja indra sAhitya meM dadhi ko siddhi kA pratIka mAnate haiM aura ke mAMgane para rAkSasoM kA saMhAra karane ke uddezya se vajra mAGgalika avasaroM para aneka prakAra se isakA upayoga banAne ke lie apanI haDDiyoM kA dAna kiyA thaa| karate haiN| danu-varSA ke bAdala kA nAma, jo kevala kucha hI bUMda dadhIci-eka ati prAcIna RSi / satyayuga ke dIrghakAla meM barasAtA hai| danu vRtra (asura) kI mA~ kA nAma bhI hai / hI kaI bAra vedoM kA saMkoca-vikAsa huA hai| mahAbhArata Rgveda (10.120.6) meM sAta danuoM (dAnavoM) kA varNana ke zalyaparva meM kathA hai ki eka bAra avarSaNa ke kAraNa hai, jo danu ke putra hai aura jo AkAza ke vibhinna bhAgoM RSi loga deza ke bAhara bAraha varSa taka rahane se vedoM ko ghere hue haiN| vRtra unameM sabase bar3A hai / Rgveda (2. ko bhUla gaye the| taba dadhIci ne aura sarasvatI ke putra 12.11) meM danu ke eka putra zambara kA varNana hai jisakA sArasvata RSi ne apane se kahIM adhika bUr3he RSiyoM ko indra ne 40veM vasanta meM badha kiyA, jo bar3e parvata ke Upara phira se veda par3hAye the| nivAsa karatA thaa| purANoM meM danu ke vaMzaja dAnavoM kI dadhIci ke tyAga kI kathA bhArata ke ucca Adarza kI kathA vistAra ke sAtha varNita hai| dyotaka hai / vRtra nAmaka asura ko mArane ke lie jaba devoM danta-Rgveda tathA paravartI granthoM meM 'danta' zabda kA prayoga ne dadhIci se unakI asthiyA~ mA~gI to unhoMne yogabala bahulatA se huA hai| 'dantadhAva' eka sAdhAraNa kama thA, se prANa tyAga kara haDDiyA~ de dI, unase vajra kA nirmANa vizeSa kara yajJa karane kI taiyArI ke samaya snAna, kSaura huA aura usakA upayoga karake indra ne vRtta asura kA (keza-zmazru) karma, nakha kaTAnA Adi ke sAtha ise bhI vadha kiyA / viSNu aura ziva ke dhanuSa bhI inhIM haDDiyoM kiyA jAtA thaa| atharvaveda meM bAlaka ke prathama ugane vAle se banAye gaye the| do dantoM kA varNana hai, yadyapi isakA ThIka Azaya aspaSTa dadhyaG AtharvaNa-eka RSi / Rgveda meM inako eka prakAra hai / aitareya brAhmaNa meM bacce ke dUdha ke dA~toM ke girane kA devatA kahA gayA hai (1.80, 16; 84, 12, 14; kA varNana hai / Rgveda meM isa zabda kA eka sthAna para 116, 12; 117, 22; 119, 9), kintu paravartI saMhi gajadanta artha lagAyA gayA hai| dantacikitsA zAstra tAoM (taitti0 saM0 5.1,4,4; 6,6,3; kAThaka saM0 19.4) pracalita thA yA nahIM, yaha sandehAtmaka hai| aitareya evaM brAhmaNoM (zatapatha 4.1,5,18, 6.4,2,3; 14.1,1, AraNyaka meM hiraNyadanta nAmaka eka manuSya kA ullekha hai, 18,20,25,5,13; bRhadA0 upa0 2.5,22, 4,5.28 jisase yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki dA~toM ko girane se Adi) meM unheM adhyApaka kA rUpa diyA gayA hai / paJcaviMza rokane ke lie unheM svarNajaTita kiyA jAtA thaa| brAhmaNa (12.8,6) tathA gopatha brAhmaNa (1.5,21) meM damanakapUjA-caitra zukla trayodazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna aspaSTa rUpa se unheM AGgirasa bhI kahA gayA hai| hotA hai / isameM kAmadeva kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| dadhivrata-zrAvaNa zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna damanaka paudhA kAmadeva kA pratIka hai ataH usako mAdhyama hotA hai / vratakartA isa kAla meM dahI kA sevana nahIM banAkara pUjA hotI hai| krtaa| damanabhaJjI-caitra zukla caturdazI ko isa nAma se pukArA dadhisaMkrAntivrata-uttarAyaNa kI (makara) saMkrAnti se jAtA hai, isameM damanaka paudhe ke (skandha, zAkhA, mUla tathA prArambha kara pratyeka saMkrAnti ko eka varSa taka isa vrata kA pattoM) pratyeka avayava se kAmadeva kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| AcaraNa hotA hai / bhagavAn nArAyaNa tathA lakSmI kI de0 I0 AI0, jilda 23 pR0 186, jahA~ saM0 1294 meM pratimAoM ko dahI meM snAna karAnA caahie| mantra yA vindhyezvara ziva ke eka zivAlaya nirmANa kA ullekha to Rgveda, 1.22.20 hogA yA 'om namo nArAyaNAya' kiyA gayA hai (guruvAra 12 mArca 1237) / (varSakRtyakaumudI, 218,222) hogaa| damanakamahotsava-yaha vaiSNavavrata hai / caitra zukla caturdazI ko

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314 isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA kA isameM vidhAna hai / damanaka nAmaka paudhe ko pratIka banAkara pUjA hotI hai / sAdhAraNataH damanaka 'kAma' kA pratIka hai, parantu viSNu bhI pravRttimArgI ( kAmanApradhAna ) devatA haiM / ataH inakA pratIka bhI damanaka banA liyA gayA hai / isameM nimnalikhita kAmagAyatrI kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai tatpuruSAya vidyahe kAmadevAya dhImahi / tannojnaGgaH pracodayAt // damanakAropaNa - isa vrata meM caitra pratipadA se pUrNimA taka damanaka paudhe se bhinna-bhinna devoM kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai / yathA umA, ziva tathA agni pratipadA ke dina, dvitIyA ko brahmA tRtIyA ko devI tathA zaGkara, caturthI se pUrNimA taka kramazaH gaNeza, nAga, skanda, bhAskara, mAtRdevatA, mahiSamadina, dharma, RSi, viSNu, kAma, ziva aura sabhI sahita indra pUjita hote haiM / damanakotsava - yaha zaiva vrata hai / caitra zukla cadurdazI ko isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| kisI udyAna meM damanaka paudhe kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / azoka vRkSa ke mUla meM ziva kI stuti kI jAtI hai / de0 IzAnagurudevapaddhati, 22vIM paTala / isameM eka lambA AkhyAna hai jaba kAmadeva ne ziva para apanA bANa chor3anA cAhA taba unake tRtIya netra se bhairava nAma kI agni nikalI / zivajI ne usakA nAma damanaka rakhA / kintu pArvatI ne use pRthvI para eka paudhA ho jAne kA varadAna de diyA / tadanantara zivajI ne use varadAna diyA ki yadi loga kevala vasanta tathA madana ke mantroM se usakI pUjA kareMge to unakI samasta manovAJchAeM pUrNa hoMgI / isa dina anaGgagAyatrI kA pATha kiyA jAtA hai / dayAnanda sarasvatI--AryasamAja ke pravartaka aura prakhara sudhAravAdI sNnyaasii| jisa samaya kezavacandra sena brAhmasamAja ke pracAra meM saMlagna the lagabhaga usI samaya daNDI svAmI virajAnanda kI mathurApurI sthita kuTI se pracaNDa agnizikhA ke samAna tapobala se prajvalita, vedavidyAnidhAna eka saMnyAsI nikalA, jisane pahale-pahala saMskRtajJa vidvatsaMsAra ko vedArtha aura zAstrArtha ke lie llkaaraa| yaha saMnyAsI svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI the / / vikrama saM0 1881 meM inakA janma kAThiyAvAr3a meM eka dA~va audIcya brAhmaNakula meM huaa| inakA zaizavakAla meM mUlazaGkara nAma thA / ye bar3e medhAvI aura honahAra the / damanakAropaNa-varza brahmacaryakAla meM hI ye bhAratodvAra kA vrata lekara ghara se nikala pdd'e| bhArata meM ghUma ghUmakara khUba adhyayana kiyA, bahuta kAla taka himAlaya meM rahakara yogAbhyAsa evaM ghora tapasyA kI saMnyAsAzrama grahaNa karake 'dayAnanda sarasvatI' nAma dhAraNa kiyA / anta meM saM0 1917 meM mathurA Akara prajJAcakSu svAmI virajAnanda se sAGga vedAdhyayana kiyA / gurudakSiNA meM unase veda pracAra mUrtipUjA khaNDana Adi kI pratijJA kI aura use pUrA karane ko nikala par3e / pratijJA to vyAja mAtra thI, hRdaya meM lagana bacapana se laga rahI thI / svAmIjI ne sAre bhArata meM veda-zAstroM ke pracAra kI dhUma macA dI / brAhmasamAja evaM brahmavidyAsamAja (thiyosaoNphikala sosAyaTI) donoM ko prkhaa| kisI meM vaha bAta na pAyI jise ve cAhate the / pazcAt saM0 1932 vi0 meM 'AryasamAja sthApita kiyaa| ATha varSa taka isakA pracAra karate rahe / saM0 1940 vi0 meM dIpAvalI ke dina ajamera meM zarIra chodd'aa| inake kAryoM ke vivaraNa ke lie de0 'AryasamAja' / dayAbAIcaraNadAsI pada ke pravartaka svAmI caraNadAsajI kI do ziSyAe~ thI, sahajobAI aura dayAbAI / donoM ziSyAoM ne yoga sambandhI padya likhe haiM / inakA samaya lagabhaga 17vIM zatI vi0 kA madhya hai / dayArAma - gujarAtI bhASA ke sabase bar3e kaviyoM meM se eka ( 1762 - 1853 I0) / ye vallabhasampradAya ke anuyAyI the / inakI adhikAMza racanAe~ kRSNabhakti evaM rAgAnugA kRSNalIlA viSayaka haiM / dayAzara AzvalAyanasUtra ke eka vyAkhyAkAra | inhoMne sAmamantra kI vRtti bhI likhI hai / vayAzaGkaragRhyasUtraprayogavIpa - zAGkhAyana gRhyasUtra kI yaha eka vyAkhyA hai / darza - 'darza' se sUrya-candra ke eka sAtha dikhAI dene ( rahane) kA bodha hotA hai, jo pUrNamAsI kA pratiloma ( amAvasyA) zabda hai / adhikAMzatayA yaha zabda yaugika rUpa 'darza pUrNamAsa' (amAvasyA pUrNimAkRtya ) ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA hai tathA isa dina vizeSa yajJakarma Adi karane kA mahattva hai / isase vaidika kAla meM amAnta mAsa pracalita honA saMbhAvita hotA hai, kintu yaha pUrNatayA siddha nahIM hai / kevala 'darza' zabda prathama Ane se yaha sambhAvanA kI jAtI hai|

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darzana-dazana 315 darzana-isa zabda ko utpatti 'dRza' (dekhanA) dhAtu se huI darzana upaniSad-yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai| hai| yaha avalokana bAharI evaM Antarika ho sakatA hai, darzanaprakAza-yaha mAnabhAu sAhitya ke antargata marAThI satyoM kA nirIkSaNa athavA anveSaNa ho sakatA hai, athavA bhASA kA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| AtmA kI AntarikatA ke sambandha meM tAkika anusandhAna dazagva-Rgveda (8.12) kI eka RcA meM eka vyakti kA ho sakatA hai / prAyaH darzana kA artha AlocanAtmaka abhi nAma 'dazagva' AtA hai, jisakI indra ne sahAyatA kI thii| vyakti, tArkika mApadaNDa athavA praNAlI hotA hai| yaha vicAroM sambhavataH isakA zAbdika artha hai 'yajJa meM dasa gauoM kA kI praNAlI hai, jise Abhyantarika (Atmika) anubhava dAna karane vaalaa'| tathA tarkapUrNa kathanoM se grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai / dArzanika taura para 'svayaM ke Antarika anubhava ko pramANita karanA dazan-'daza' ke Upara AdhArita ( dAzamika) gaNanA tathA use tarkasaMgata DhaMga se pracArita karanA' darzana kaha- paddhati / vaidika bhAratIyoM kI aMkavyavasthA kA AdhAra lAtA hai| akhila vizva meM cetana aura acetana do hI daza thaa| bhArata meM ati prAcIna kAla meM bhI bahuta hI padArtha haiN| inake bAharI aura sthUla bhAva para bAhara se U~cI saMkhyAnAmAvaliyA~ thIM, jabaki dUsare dezoM kA jJAna vicAra karane vAle zAstra ko 'vijJAna' aura bhItarI tathA isa kSetra meM 1000 se adhika U~cA nahIM thaa| vAjasaneyI sUkSma bhAva para bhItara se nirNaya karane vAle zAstra ko saMhitA meM 1; 10; 100; 1000; 10000 ( ayuta ); 'darzana' kahate haiM / 100000 (niyuta); 1000000 (prayuta); 10000bhArata meM bAraha pramukha darzanoM kA udaya haA hai, inameM ___0.0 ( arbuda ); 100000000 ( nyarbuda ); 1000se chaH nAstika evaM cha: Astika haiN| cArvAka, mAdhyamika, 000000 (samudra); 10000000000 ( madhya ); yogAcAra, sautrAntika, vaibhASika aura Arhata ye chaH darzana 100000000000 (anta); 1000000000000 . nAstika isalie kahe jAte haiM ki ye veda ko pramANa nahIM (parArddha ) kI tAlikA dI huI hai| kAThaka saMhitA meM mAnate (nAstiko vednindk:)| sAtha hI anIzvaravAdI bhI uparyukta tAlikA hai, kintu niyata evaM prayata eka dUsare kahalAne vAle sAMkhya evaM mImAMsA darzana Astika hai / pUrvokta kA sthAna grahaNa kiye hue hai tathA nyarbuda ke bAda 'bada' eka ko nAstika kahane kA bhAva yaha hai ki ve RgvedAdi cAroM nayI saMkhyA A jAtI hai / isa prakAra samudra kA mAna 10vedoM kA eka bhI pramANa nahIM mAnate, pratyuta jahA~ avasara 000,000,000 aura kramazaH anya saMkhyAoM kA mAna bhI milatA hai vahA~ vedoM kI nindA karane meM nahIM cuukte| isI krama se bar3ha gayA hai / taittirIya saMhitA meM vAjasaneyI ke isIlie nAstika ko avaidika bhI kahA jAtA hai| samAna hI do sthAnoM meM saMkhyAoM kI tAlikA prApta hai| Astika darzana cha:-nyAya, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, maitrAyaNI saMhitA meM ayuta, prayuta, phira ayuta, arbuda, mImAMsA evaM vedAnta haiN| ye vedoM ko pramANa mAnate haiM nyarbuda, samudra, madhya, anta, parArdha saMkhyAe~ dI huI hai| isalie vaidika athavA Astika darzana kahalAte haiN| paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM vAjasaneyI saMhitA vAlI tAlikA nissandeha ye bArahoM darzana vicAra ke krama-vikAsa ke nyarbuda taka dI gayI hai, phira nikharvaka, bada, akSita tathA dyotaka haiN| saMkSepa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki bhArata yaha tAlikA 1,000,000,000,000 taka pahu~catI hai / kI puNyabhUmi se nikale hue jitane dharma-mata athavA sampra- jaiminIya upaniSad-brAhmaNa meM nikharvaka ke sthAna meM nikharva dAya saMsAra meM phaile haiM una sabake mUla AdhAra ye hI bAraha tathA badva ke sthAna meM padma tathA tAlikA kA anta 'akSidarzana hai| vyAkhyAbheda se aura AcAra-vyavahAra meM vivi ti vyomAnta' meM hotA hai| zAkhAyana zrautasUtra nyarbuda dhatA A jAne se sampradAyoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3ha gayI hai / ke pazcAt nikharvAda, samudra, salila, antya, ananta parantu jo koI nirapekSa bhAva se ina darzanoM kA parizIlana nAmAvalI prastuta karatA hai| karatA hai, adhikArI aura pAtrabheda se usake kramavikAsa kintu ayuta ke bAda kisI bhI Upara kI saMkhyA kA ke anukUla AtmajJAna kI sAmagrI inameM avazya mila vyavahAra prAyaH nahIM ke barAbara hotA thaa| 'baDha' aitareya jAtI hai| brAhmaNa meM uddhRta hai, kintu yahA~ isakA koI vizeSa sAMkhyika

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* 316 artha nahIM hai tathA paravartI kAla kI U~cI saMkhyAe~ atyanta ulajhanapUrNa ho gayI hai / dazanAmI - AcArya zaGkara ne vedAntI saMnyAsiyoM kA eka sampradAya banAyA, unheM dasa daloM meM bA~TA tathA apane ekaeka ziSya ke antargata unheM rakhA jo 'dasanAmI' arthAt dasa upanAmoM vAle saMnyAsI kahalAte haiM / ye dasa nAma haiMtIrtha, Azrama, sarasvatI, bhAratI, vana, araNya, parvata, sAgara, giri aura purI / 7 dazanAmI ( alakhanAmI ) 'alakhanAmI' kA saMskRta rUpa 'alakSyanAmA' hai, arthAt jo alakSya kA nAma hI japA karate haiM / ye eka prakAra ke zaiva saMnyAsI haiM jo apane ko dasanAmI zivasampradAya ke purI varga kA eka vibhAga vata lAte haiM / dazanAmI daNDI - AcArya zaGkara ke damanAmI saMnyAsiyoM meM 'daNDa' dhAraNa karane kA adhikAra kevala brAhmaNoM ko hai, kiMtu isakI kriyA itanI kaThina hai ki sabhI brAhmaNa ise dhAraNa nahIM krte| ye daNDa dhAraNa karane vAle brAhmaNa saMnyAsI hI 'dasanAmI daNDI' kahalAte haiM / dazanAmI saMnyAsI de0 'dazanAmI' | dazapadArtha vaizeSika darzana viSayaka eka grantha, jo jJAnacaMdraviracita kahA jAtA hai / isakA mUla rUpa aprApta hai kintu cInI anuvAda prApta hotA hai, jise hvenasAMga ne 648 I0 meM prastuta kiyA thA / - | dazapeya eka yAjJika prakriyA vAstavika rAjasUya meM sAta prakriyAe~ sammilita haiM / isameM 'dazapeya' caitra ke sAtaveM dina manAyA jAtA hai| isameM eka sau vyakti, jinameM rAjA bhI eka hotA hai, dasa-dasa ke dala meM dasa pyAloM se somarasa pIte haiN| isa avasara para vaMzAvalI kI parIkSA hotI hai| isakI yogyatA, pratyeka sadasya ko somapAna karanevAle apane dasa pUrvajoM kA nAma ginAnA hotI hai | dazamI - atharvaveda (3.4.7) tathA paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (22.14) me 90 tathA 100 varSa ke madhya ke jIvanakAla ko 'dazamI' kahA gayA hai, jise Rgveda (1.158.6) 'dazama yuga' kahatA hai / vaidika kAlIna sudIrgha jIvana kA bodha isa zabda kI vyAkhyA se hotA hai| logoM meM 'zaradaH zatam jIne kI abhilASA hotI thI rAjyAbhiSeka meM rAjA ke 'dazamI' taka jIvita rahakara rAjya karane kI kAmanA kI jAtI thI / manu kA Adeza hai ki 'dazamI' (90varSa se adhika ) avasthA dasanAmI - dazAvatAravrata ke zUdra ko trivarNa ke vyakti bhI praNAma kiyA kareM ('zUdro'pi dazamIM gataH' abhivAdyaH ) / dazarathacaturthI - kArtika kRSNa caturthI ko isa vrata kA anu SThAna hotA hai| kisI miTTI ke pAtra meM rAjA dazaratha kI pratimA kA pUjana hotA hai / pazcAt durgAjI kI bhI pUjA hotI hai / dazarathatIyaM - ayodhyA meM rAmaghATa se ATha mIla pUrva sarayU / taTa para vaha sthAna hai jahA~ mahArAja dazaratha kA antima saMskAra huA thA / isalie yaha tIrtha bana gayA hai / dazarathalalitAvata Azvina zukla dazamI ko isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| dasa dina taka devI ke sammukha lalitA devI kI suvarNapratimA tathA candramA aura rohiNI kI cAMdI kI pratimAoM kA, jinakI dAyIM ora zivajI kI pratimA tathA bAyIM ora gaNezajI kI pratimA sthApita hotI hai, pUjana karanA caahie| dazaratha tathA kausalyA ne yaha vrata kiyA yA dasa dina kI isa pUjA meM pratyeka dina alaga-alaga puSpa prayoga meM lAye jAte haiM / - dazagveda ( 8.8, 20, 49: 1, 50, 9) meM dazavraja azvinIkumAroM dvArA saMrakSita eka vyakti kA nAma hai| dazazipra - Rgveda ( 8.52, 2 ) meM yaha eka yajJakarttA kA nAma hai / dazazlokI 'vedAntakAmadhenu athavA siddhAntarala AcArya nimbArka racita eka saMkSipta grantha hai / isake dasa zlokoM meM IsAItamata ke siddhAnta saMkSepa meM kahe gaye haiN| isakA racanAkAla 12vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha saMbhavataH hai| dazazlokI bhASya mahAtmA harivyAsadeva racita yaha bhASya nimbArkAcArya ke 'dazazlokI' grantha para hai / dazaharA - vijayA dazamI kA dezaja nAma 'dasaharA' yA 'dazaharA' hai / isa dina rAjA loga aparAjitA devI kI pUjA kara para rAjya kI sImA lA~ghanA Avazyaka mAnate the aura pratApazAlI rAjA 'dasoM dizAoM ko jItane (harAne) kA abhiyAna Arambha karate the| de0 'vijayA dazamI' | dasa mahAvidyArUpiNI durgAjI kI pUjA Azvina zukla dazamI ko pUrNa hotI hai, isa Azaya se bhI yaha parva dazaharA kahalAtA hai / dazAvatAravrata - mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai| purANoM ke anusAra bhagavAn viSNu isI dina

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dazAzvamedhaghATa-dAdU matsya rUpa meM prakaTa hue the| pratyeka dvAdazI ko vrata karate bodha hotA hai / Arya evaM dasyu kA sabase bar3A antara unake hue bhAdrapada mAsa taka viSNu ke dasa avatAroM ke, kramazaH dharma meM hai| dasyu yajJa na karane vAle, kriyAhIna, aneka prakAra pratyeka mAsa meM eka-eka svarUpa ke pUjana karane kA kI adbhata pratijJA vAle, devoM se ghRNA karane vAle Adi vidhAna hai| hote the| dAsoM se tulanA karate samaya inakA (dasyuoM kA) dazAzvamedhaghATa-gaGgAtaTa para sthita dazAzvamedha ghATa kAzI koI 'viz' (jAti) nahIM kahA gayA hai / indra ko 'dasyuhatya' kI dhArmika yAtrA ke pAMca pradhAna sthAnoM meM se eka hai, jahA~ prAyaH kahA gayA hai kintu 'dAsahatya' kabhI bhI nhiiN| ata paramparAnusAra brahmA ne dasa azvamedha yajJa kiye the| isa eva donoM eka nahIM samajhe jA sakate / dasyu eka jAti thI ghATa para snAna karane se dasa azvamedhoM kA puNya prApta hotA hai, jisakA bodha unake viruda 'anAsa' se hotA hai / isakA artha aisA hinduoM kA vizvAsa hai / DA0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla nizcita nahIM hai / padapATha grantha evaM sAyaNa donoM isakA ne yaha mata pratipAdita kiyA thA ki isI ghATa para kuSANoM artha (ana = Asa) 'mukharahita' lagAte haiN| kintu dUsare ko parAjita karane vAle nAgagaNa bhArazivoM ne bhAratIya isakA artha (a = nAsa ) 'nAsikArahita' lagAte haiM jisakA sAmrAjya ke punarutthAna ke pratIka rUpa meM dasa azvamedha yajJoM artha sAnunAsika dhvaniyoM ke uccAraNa karane meM asamartha kA anuSThAna kiyA thaa| isalie yaha sthAna 'dazAzvamedha' ho sakatA hai| yadi yaha 'anAsa' kA ThIka artha hai to khlaayaa| isakI sampuSTi eka vAkATaka abhilekha se bhI dasyuoM kA anya viruda hai 'mRdhnavAc' jo 'anAsa' ke sAtha hotI hai (..."bhAgIrathyamalajalama bhiSiktAnAM bhAra- AtA hai, jisakA artha 'tutalAne vAlA' hai| dasyu kA zivAnAm ) / de0 kAzIprasAda jAyasavAla kA 'andhayugIna IrAnI bhASA meM samAnArthaka hai 'pandU', 'dakyu', jisakA artha bhArata' / eka prAnta hai| jimara isakA prArambhika artha 'zatru' prayAga meM bhI gaGgAtaTa para aisI ghaTanA kA smAraka / lagAte haiM jabaki pArasI loga isakA artha 'zatrudeza', dazAzvamedha tIrtha hai| 'vijita deza', 'prAnta' lagAte haiN| kucha vyaktigata dasyuoM vazoNi-yaha Rgveda (6.20.4,8) ke anusAra indra kA ke nAma hai 'cumuri', 'zambara' evaM 'zuSNa' aadi| aitareya kRpApAtra aura paNiyoM kA virodhI jAna par3atA hai| luD- brAhmaNa meM dasyu se asabhya jAtiyoM kA bodha hotA hai / viga ke mata meM yaha paNiyoM kA purohita hai jo asambhava parantu yaha bAta dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki Arya aura dasyu pratIta hotA hai / Rgveda (10.96.12) meM yaha soma kA kA bheda prajAtIya nahIM, kintu sAMskRtika hai| viruda pratIta hotA hai| dAtyauha-yaha zabda yajurveda meM azvamedha ke balipadArthoM kI dazoNya-Rgveda (852.2) meM yaha eka yajJakartA kA nAma tAlikA meM ullikhita hai| mahAbhArata tathA dharmazAstroM meM hai jo dazazipra aura anya dUsare nAmoM ke sAtha uddhRta hai| vaNita zabda 'dAtyUha' kA hI yaha eka rUpa hai| sambhavataH yaha dazoNi ke samAna hai yA nahIM yaha anirNIta hai| yaha yajJIya padArthoM ke samUha kA dyotaka hai| dazopaniSadbhASya-aThArahavIM zatI meM AcArya baladeva vidyA- dAdU-mahAtmA dAdU dayAla kA janma saM0 1601 vi0 meM bhUSaNa ne 'dazopaniSadbhASya' kI racanA kii| yaha gaur3Iya huA aura saM0 1660 meM ye paJcatva ko prApta hue| ye vaiSNavoM ke mata ke anusAra likhA gayA hai| sArasvata brAhmaNa the| ye kabhI krodha nahIM karate the tathA vasaharA-de0 'dazaharA' aura 'vijayA dazamI' / saba para dayA rakhate the| isIse inakA nAma 'dayAla' par3a vasyu-Rgveda meM 'Arya' aura 'dasyu' usI taraha sthAna- gyaa| ye sabako dAdA-dAdA kahane ke kAraNa dAdU khlaaye| sthAna para prayukta hue hai, jaise Aja 'sabhya' aura 'asabhya', ye kabIradAsa ke chaThI pIr3hI ke ziSya the| inhoMne bhI 'sajjana' aura 'durjana' zabdoM kA paraspara viparIta artha meM hindU-muslima donoM ko milAne kI ceSTA kii| ye bar3e prayoga hotA hai| isa zabda kI utpatti sandehAtmaka hai tathA prabhAvazAlI upadezaka the aura jIvana meM RSitulya ho Rgveda ke aneka sthaloM para mAnavetara zatru ke nAma se isakA gaye the| dAdUjI ke banAye hue 'sabada' aura 'bAnI' prasiddha varNana huA hai| dUsare sthaloM meM dasyu se mAnavIya zatra, haiM, jinameM inhoMne saMsAra kI asAratA aura Izvara (rAma)sambhavataH Adima sthiti meM rahane vAlI asabhya jAtiyoM kA bhakti ke upadeza sabala chandoM meM diye haiN| inhoMne bhajana

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318 dAdUdayAla-dAmpatyASTamI bhI bahuta banAye haiN| kavitA kI dRSTi se bhI inakI racanA dAdUpaMthI-de0 'dAdU', 'dAdUpaMtha' evaM 'dAdUdvAra' / manohara aura yathArtha bhASiNI hai / inake ziSya nizcaladAsa, dAna-isa zabda kA artha hai 'kisI vastu se apanA svatva sundaradAsa Adi acche vedAntI ho gaye haiN| unakI racanAe~ haTAkara dUsare kA svatva utpanna kara denaa|' dAna (arpaNa) bhI utkRSTa haiM / parantu sabakA AdhAra zruti, smRti aura kA vyavahAra Rgveda ke aneka sthaloM para yAjJika haviSya ke vizeSataH advaitavAda hai| 'bAnI' kA pATha kevala dvija hI kara viniyoga ke artha meM haA hai, jisameM devatA Amantrita hote sakate haiN| caubIsa gurumantra aura caubIsa zabdoM kA hI the / eka dUsare prasaMga meM isakA artha sAyaNa 'mada kA jala' adhikAra zUdroM ko hai / lagAte haiM (madamAte hAthI ke mastaka se TapakatA huA madadAdUdayAla-de0 'daaduu'| bindu) / eka anya mantra meM rAtha mahAzaya isakA artha carAbAbUdvAra-dAdU ke bAvana ziSya the jinameM se pratyeka ne kama gAha lagAte haiN| se kama eka pUjAsthAna (mandira) sthApita kiyaa| ina paravartI dhArmika sAhitya meM dAna kA bar3A mahattva vaNita pUjAsthaloM ko 'dAdUdvAra' kahate haiN| inameM hAtha kI hai| yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai| nitya aura naimittika; likhI 'vANI' kI pothI kI SoDazopacAra pUjA aura cAroM vargoM ke lie dAna karanA nitya aura anivArya hai| AratI hotI hai, pATha aura bhajana kA gAna hotA hai / sAdhu dAna lene kA adhikAra kevala brAhmaNoM ko hai| vizeSa hI yaha saba karate haiM aura jahA~ sAdhu aura ukta pothI ho, avasaroM aura paristhitiyoM meM kisI bhI dIna-dukhI, vahI sthAna 'dAdUdvAra' kahalAtA hai / 'narAyanA' meM dAdU kSudhAta, rogagrasta Adi ko jo dAna diyA jA sakatA hai mahArAja kI caraNapAdukA (khar3AU~) aura vastra rakhe vaha bhUtadayA athavA dInarakSaNa hai| 'kRtyakalpataru' (dAna haiM / ina vastuoM kI bhI pUjA hotI hai| kANDa) evaM ballAlasena dvArA viracita 'dAnasAgara' granthoM meM anekoM dhArmika dAnoM kI vidhi aura phala batalAyA gayA dAdUpantha-mahAtmA dAdU ke calAye hae dharma ko 'dAdUpantha' hai / viSNudharmottara purANa (3.317) bhI RtuoM, mAsoM, kahate hai, jo rAjasthAna meM adhika pracalita hai| dAdUpanthI sAptAhika dinoM, nakSatroM meM kiye gaye dAnoM ke puNyoM kI yA to brahmacArI sAdhu hote haiM yA gRhastha jo 'sevaka' kaha vyAkhyA karatA hai| lAte haiN| dAdUpanthI zabda sAdhuoM ke lie hI vyavahRta hotA hai| ina sAdhuoM ke pA~ca prakAra haiM : (1) khAlasA, dAnakelikaumudI-rUpa gosvAmI kRta saMskRta bhASA kI ina logoM kA sthAna jayapura se 40 mIla para narAyanA meM bhaktirasa sambandhI eka pustk| isakA racanA kAla hai, jahA~ dAdUjI kI mRtyu haI thii| inameM jo vidvAna haiM ve solahavIM zatI kA uttarArdha hai| upAsanA, adhyayana aura zikSaNa meM vyasta rahate haiM / (2) dAnalIlA-santa caraNadAsa racita granthoM meM eka dAnalIlA nAgA sAdhu (sundaradAsa ke banAye), ye brahmacArI rahakara bhI / sainika kA kAma karate haiM / jayapura rAjya kI rakSA ke lie ye riyAsata kI sImA para nava par3AvoM meM rahate the| inheM dAnastuti-Rgveda kI lokopayogI RcAoM meM dAnastuti jayapura darabAra se bIsa hajAra kA kharca milatA thA / (3) kA prakaraNa bhI sammilita hai| yaha sUkta 1.126 meM uttarADI sAdhuoM kI maNDalI (paMjAba meM banavArIdAsa prastuta hai| anya granthoM meM aisI dAnastutiyA~ prazastikAroM ne banAyI), inameM prAyaH vidvAn hote haiM jo sAdhuoM ko kI racanAe~ haiM, jinheM unhoMne apane saMrakSakoM ke guNapar3hAte haiN| kucha vaidya bhI hote haiN| ye tInoM prakAra ke gAnArtha banAyA thaa| ye kahIM-kahIM RSiyoM tathA unake sAdhu jo pezA cAheM kara sakate haiM / (4) virakta, ye saMrakSakoM kI vaMzAvalI bhI prastuta karatI haiN| sAtha hI ye sAdhu na koI pezA kara sakate haiM na dravya chU sakate vaidika kAlIna jAtiyoM ke nAma tathA sthAna kA bhI haiM / ye ghUmate-phirate aura likhate-par3hate rahate haiM / (5) bodha karAtI haiN| khAkI sAdhu, ye bhasma lapeTe rahate haiM aura bhA~ti-bhAMti kI dAmpatyASTamI-kArtika kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anutapasyA karate haiM / SThAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha tithivrata hai| varSa ko cAra

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dAma-vAtmyamuni - bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA jAtA hai| darbhoM se bhagavatI umA tathA mahezvara kI pratimAeM banAkara puSpa, naiveya, dhUpa se pratimAsa bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se unakA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / varSa ke anta meM kisI brAhmaNa ko sapatnIka bhojana karAkara rakta vastra tathA sone kI banI huI do gAyeM dakSiNA meM dI jAtI haiN| isase vratI putra tathA vidyA prApta karatA huA zivaloka ko jAtA hai aura mokSa kI kAmanA ho to vaha bhI prApta hotA hai| bAma rassI athavA peTI jisakA ullekha Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya meM huA hai| isakA prArambhika artha bandhana hI hai| Rgveda (1.162.8) meM isakA prayoga azvamedha ke ghor3e ko bA~dhane vAlI rassI ke artha meM huA hai| sAtha hI bachar3e ko bA~dhane ke artha meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga (R0 2.28.7) pAyA jAtA hai / dAmodara - kRSNa kA eka paryAya / kRSNa bar3e naTakhaTa the / yazodA ne eka bAra unake udara (peTa) ko dAma (rassI) se bAMdhakara Utala meM lagA diyA thA, jisase ve bAhara na bhAga jAya~ / taba se ve dAmodara nAma se prasiddha ho gaye / dAmodaradAsa - rAdhAvallabha sampradAya ke eka bhaktakavi, jo satrahavIM zatI ke uttarArdha meM ho gaye haiM / inakI 'sevakavAnI' tathA anya racanAe~ prasiddha haiM / inakA upanAma 'sevakajI' thaa| dAmodara mizra - inakA udbhava gyArahavIM zatI meM huA thA / ye rAmabhakta the| inhoMne 'hanumannATaka' nAmaka eka nATaka likhA jo saMskRta ke rAma sAhitya meM bahuta prasiddha hai / dAmodarAcArya - taittirIyopaniSad para likhe gaye 'AnandabhASya' (AnandatIrtha viracita) para dAmodarAcArya ne eka vRtti likhI hai / chAndogya evaM kenopaniSad para bhI inakI TIkAeM aura vRttiyA~ haiN| muNDakopaniSad para bhI inakI racI TIkA yA bhASya thA aisA kahA jAtA hai| dAya - Rgveda (10.114.10) meM dAya kA prayoga zramapAritoSika ke artha meM huA hai, kintu Age calakara isakA artha uttarAdhikAra ho gayA / arthAt pitA kI sampatti putroM meM usake jIvanakAla yA marane para vibhAjita hogI aura usa para putroM kA uttarAdhikAra hogA / taittirIya saMhitA meM kahA gayA hai ki manu ne apanI sampatti putroM ko bA~Ta dI / aitareya brAhmaNa (5.14) meM kahA gayA hai ki manu kI sampatti usake jIvana kAla meM hI putroM ne bA~Ta lI 319 tathA bUr3he pitA ko nAbhAnediSTha para chor3a diyA / jaiminIya brAhmaNa (2,156) meM kahA gayA hai ki pitA ke jIvana kAla meM hI cAra putroM ne bur3he abhipratArita kI sampatti bAMTa lI thI / zunaHzepa kI kathA se yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki putra apane pitA kI sampatti ke adhikArI pitA ke sAthasAtha hote the, jaba taka ki ve use bA~Tane ke lie pitA ko bAdhya na kareM / zatapatha brAhmaNa tathA nirukta ke anusAra strI sampatti kI uttarAdhikAriNI nahIM hotI thii| vaha apane bhAiyoM se poSaNa pAtI thii| uttarAdhikArI dAyAda kahalAtA hai / paravartI dharmazAstra meM dAya kA bahuta vistAra kiyA gayA hai / dAya ke lie upayukta sAmagrI kyA hai ? dAya kaba mila sakatA hai? kisako mila sakatA hai ? kisa anupAta meM milegA ? Adi praznoM para savistAra vicAra huA hai| madhyayuga meM isake do sampradAyoM kA udaya huA - (1) mitAkSarA sampradAya, jo yAjJavalkyasmRti ke Upara vijJAnezvara kI TIkA 'mitAkSarA' para AdhArita thaa| yaha 'janmanAsvatva' siddhAnta ko mAnatA thaa| isake anusAra pitA ke jIvana kAla meM hI putroM ko dAya mila sakatA hai; usake jItejI putra apanA bhAga alaga karA sakate haiM / isakA pracAra baMgAla ko chor3akara prAyaH samasta bhArata meM hai / (2) dAyabhAga sampradAya, jo jImUtavAhana ke nibandha grantha 'dAyabhAga' ke upara AdhArita hai| yaha 'uparamasvatva' siddhAnta ko mAnatA hai| isake anusAra pitA kI mRtyu ke pazcAt hI putroM ko dAya mila sakatA hai, usake jItejI putra anIza ( adhikArarahita) hote haiN| isakA pracAra baMgAla meM hai / vAyazataka - veGkaTanAtha vedAntAcArya (vikrama kI caturdaza zatAbdI) racita uttarAdhikAra sambandhI eka grantha / Ayanna dIkSita ke guru veGkaTeza (18vIM zatAbdI) ne bhI 'dAyazataka' nAmaka eka grantha likhA hai / dAridrayahara SaSThI varSa bhara pratimAsa pratyeka SaSThI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM bhagavAn guha (skanda ) kA pUjana hotA hai / dAlbhya muni-zukla yajurveda ke 'prAtizAkhya sUtra' ( kAtyAyana kRta) meM yaha nAma ullikhita hai / dAlbhya muni ne Ayurveda - viSayaka eka anya bhI likhA thA jise 'dAlbhyasUtra' kahate haiN|

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320 bAvasu AGgirasa-div dAvasu AGgirasa-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 25.5,12,14) meM meM isa grantha kA bahuta Adara hai| hindI bhASA meM bhI vaNita sAmagAna ke racayitA eka RSi / isakA anuvAda prakAzita ho gayA hai / dAza-dhIvara arthAt machuvA, jo nAva ke dvArA zulka lekara dAsa zarmA-malaya dezavAsI vAdaputra paNDita AtIya ne logoM ko nadI ke pAra le jAtA hai| yajurveda kI puruSa- zAlAyanasUtra kA bhASya likhA hai| isameM se naveM, dasaveM medha vAlI balitAlikA meM isakA ullekha hai / / aura gyArahaveM adhyAya kA bhASya naSTa ho gayA thaa| dAsa vAsa-(1) Rgveda meM dasyuoM ke sadaza dAsoM ko bhI devoM zarmA ne 'maJjUSA' nAmaka TIkA likhakara ina tIna adhyAyoM kA bhASya pUrA kiyA hai| kA zatru kahA gayA hai, kintu kucha paricchedoM meM AryoM ke mAnava zatruoM ke lie bhI yaha zabda vyavahRta huA hai / dik-vaizeSika matAnusAra 'dik' yA dizA sAtavA~ padArtha hai| ye puroM (durgoM ) ke adhikArI kahe gaye haiM tathA inake yaha 'kAla' ko santulita karatA hai| yaha vastuoM kA sthAna vizoM ( gaNoM) kA varNana hai| Rgveda meM aneka sthAnoM nirdeza karatA huA unheM naSTa hone se bacAtA hai / digvijayabhASya-mAdhavAcArya racita 'zaGkaradigvijaya' para para AryoM evaM dAsa va dasyuoM ke dhArmika matabhedoM kI Anandagiri evaM dhanapati ne bhASya likhA hai jo 'digvijayacarcA huI hai| aneka bAra dAsoM ko sevA kA kAma karane bhASya' nAma se prasiddha hai| para bAdhya kiyA gayA thA, isalie isa zabda kA artha aage| didhiSu-Rgveda meM devara ko 'didhiSu' kahA gayA hai, jo calakara 'sevaka' samajhA jAne lgaa| sAtha hI dAsa kI kisI strI ke pati ke marane para antyeSTi ke samaya strIliMga dAsI kA bhI prayoga Arambha haa| jo striyA~ usake pati kA sthAna grahaNa karatA thaa| 'niyoga' pArivArika sevAkArya karatI thIM ve 'dAsI' kahalAtI thiiN| meM bhI yaha devara hI hotA thA, jise putrahIna strI pati ke (2) dharmazAstra meM kaI prakAra ke dAsoM kA varNana __ marane para putra prApti ke lie grahaNa karatI thii| yaha zabda hai, isase spaSTa hai ki dAsatva vidhitaH mAnya thaa| 'dAsa' pUSA devatA ke lie bhI prayukta hotA hai, jisane 'sUryA' kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI huI hai : "jaba koI svatantra ko patnI rUpa meM grahaNa kiyA thaa| vyakti svecchA se apane ko dUsare ke lie dAna kara detA bar3I bahina se pahale vivAhita choTI bahina kA pati bhI hai taba vaha usakA dAsa bana jAtA hai" ('svatantrasyAtmano dAnAddAsatvaM dAsavad bhRguH / ' kAtyAyana, 'vyavahAramayUkha' dinakSaya-jaba 24 ghaMTe ke eka dina meM do tithiyA~ samApta hoM meM uddhRt)| isake atirikta anya kAraNoM se bhI dAsatva to vaha dina (tithi) kSaya hotA hai / de0 caturvargacintAmaNi, utpanna ho jAtA hai| manusmRti ( 8.415 ) ke anusAra kAla, 626 / kAlanirNaya (260) vasiSTha ko uddhRta karate sAta prakAra ke dAsa hote haiM : hue kahatA hai ki eka dina meM yadi tIna tithiyoM kA sparza dhvajAhRto bhaktadAso gahajaH krItadatrimau / hotA ho to vaha samaya 'dina kA kSaya' kahA jAtA hai / usa paitRko daNDadAsazca saptaitA dAsayonayaH / / dina vrata, upavAsa niSiddha haiN| isa dina kiyA huA dAna [dhvajAhRta (yuddha meM bandI banAyA haA), jIvikA ke sahasragune puNyoM kI prApti karAtA hai| lie svayaM samarpita, apane ghara meM dAsa se utpanna, kraya diva-saMsAra tIna bhAgoM-pRthvI, vAyu athavA vAyumaNDala kiyA huA, dAna meM prApta, uttarAdhikAra meM prApta aura tathA svarga athavA AkAza (div) meM vibhAjita hai / AkAza vidhi se daNDita ye dAsa ke sAta prakAra haiN|] evaM pRthvI ( dyAvA-pRthivI) milakara vizva banAte haiN| nAradasmRti ke anusAra pandraha prakAra ke dAsa hote the| vAtAvaraNa AkAza meM sammilita hai| vidyut evaM saura maNDala athavA isI prakAra ke anya maNDala AkAza meM dAsoM ke sAtha vyavahAra karane aura unake mukta hone ke sammilita hai| niyama bhI dharmazAstroM meM diye hue haiN| vizva ke tIna vibhAjana kramazaH pRthvI (miTTI), vAyu dAsabodha-zivAjI ke guru samartha svAmI rAmadAsa dvArA evaM AkAza nAmaka tIna tattvoM meM pratibimbita haiM / isI racita eka AdhyAtmika grantha / mAnavatA ke udbodhana ke prakAra eka sarvocca, eka madhyama tathA eka nimnatama tIna lie isameM sundara aura prabhAvazAlI upadeza haiN| mahArASTra AkAza kahe gaye haiN| atharvaveda meM tInoM AkAzoM kA

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divAkara-dIkSA 321 antara 'udanvatI' (jalasampanna), 'pIlamatI' (kaNasampanna) phIlDa tathA hviTane ne amAnya ThaharAyA hai / paJcaviMza brAhmaNa evaM pradyau vizeSaNoM se prakaTa hotA hai / AkAza ko vyoma meM bhI eka aisI ho parIkSA kA varNana hai| dahakatI huI tathA rocana bhI kahate haiN| kulhANI vAlI eka prakAra kI parIkSA kA bhI ullekha divAkara-(1) sUrya kA paryAya / isakA artha hai 'dina utpanna chAndogya u0 meM hai / luDaviga evaM griphitha Rgveda ke eka karane vaalaa| anya pariccheda meM dIrghatamA kI agni evaM jala parIkSA ke (2) divAkara nAmaka eka sUryopAsaka se subrahmaNya prasaMga kA ullekha karate haiN| vebara ke kathanAnusAra tulAnAmaka grAma meM svAmI zaGkarAcArya ke milana kI bAta parIkSA kA zatapatha brAhmaNa meM ullekha hai (11.2,7,33) / 'zaGkaradigvijaya' meM kahI gayI hai| paravartI dharmazAstra ke vyavahAra kANDoM meM jahA~ vidhiSupati-dharmasUtroM meM yaha zabda una logoM kI tAlikA vAdoM (abhiyogoM) ke nirNaya ke sambandha meM pramANoM para meM uddiSTa hai jo aniyamita vivAha kiye hue hoN| para- vicAra kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ 'divya' ke vividha prakAroM kA mparAgata isakA artha dvitIya bAra vivAhita strI kA pati varNana pAyA jAtA hai| hai / manu ke anusAra yaha zabda devara ke lie vyavahRta hai divya zvAna-do daivI zvAna maitrAyaNI saM0 (1.6,9) tathA jo apanI bhAbhI se bhAI kI mRtyu ke bAda santAnaprApti taittirIya brAhmaNa (1.1,2.4-6) meM ullikhita sUrya tathA candra ke lie vaivAhika sambandha karatA hai| didhiSu se vidhavA hai / atharva meM bhI 'divya zvAna' se sUrya kA bodha hotA hai| kA bhI bodha hotA hai jo anya pati ke cunAva kI icchA divyAcAra bhAva-yaha zAkta sAdhanA kI mAnasika sthiti hai| karatI ho / dUsarI paramparA meM didhiSu se usa bar3I bahina rA ma diAdhaSu se usa bar3I bAhana zakti kI sAdhanA karane vAle tIna bhAvoM kA Azraya lete kA bodha hotA hai jisakI choTI bahina usake pahale byAhI hai. unameM divya bhAva se devatA kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai| gayI ho| isakI puSTi 'agredidhiSupati' zabda arthAt vIra bhAva se kriyAsiddhi hotI hai, sAdhaka sAkSAt rudra ho apane se pahale byAhI choTI bahina kA pati se hotI hai| jAtA hai / pazu bhAva se jJAnasiddhi hotI hai| inheM krama se viSNu ke anusAra didhiSu aisI bar3I bahina ke lie prayukta hai divyAcAra, vIrAcAra aura pazvAcAra bhI kahate haiN| pazu jisake vivAha kI vyavasthA usake pitA-mAtA na kara sakeM bhAva se jJAna prApta karake sAdhaka vIrAcAra dvArA rudratva aura jo apanA pati svayaM cune (kuryAt svayaMvaram) / prApta karatA hai| taba divyAcAra dvArA devatA kI taraha kriyAdivAkaravata-hasta nakSatra yukta ravivAra ke dina isa vrata zIla ho jAtA hai| ina bhAvoM kA mUla nissandeha zakti hai / kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| yaha sAta ravivAroM taka diha, vihavAra-grAmadevatA ko 'diha' yA 'dihavAra' kahate kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha vAravrata hai| bhUmi para dvAdaza haiN| inakI sthApanA gAMva ke sImAntargata kisI vRkSa (vizeSa dala vAle kamala ko rakhakara, dvAdaza AdityoM meM se pratyeka kara nIma vakSa) ke tale kI jAtI hai / uttara pradeza meM inakI ko eka-eka dala para sthApita karake sUrya kA pUjana karanA pUjA hotI hai / ye grAma kI rakSA bhUta-preta evaM bImAriyoM cAhie / AdityoM kA krama yaha hogA--sUrya, divAkara, se karate haiM / kahIM-kahIM isakA uccAraNa 'DIha' bhI pAyA vivasvAn, bhaga, varuNa, indra, Aditya, savitA, arka, jAtA hai / mUlataH diha yakSa jAna par3atA hai jo grAma aura mArtaNDa, ravi tathA bhAskara / vaidika tathA anya mantroM kA khetoM ke rakSaka ke rUpa meM pUjA jAtA hai| kucha varSoM ke pATha karanA caahie| antarAla para isakI vistRta pUjA hotI hai jisameM diha divya-aparAdha parIkSA kI kucha kaThora sAMketika (yakSa) aura yakSiNI kA vivAha eka mukhya kriyA hai / isameM vidhiyA~, jo agni, jala Adi kI sahAyatA se kI jAtI nagADe ke vAdana ke sAtha 'pacar3A' gAyA jAtA hai, jisameM thiiN| divya vidhi kA prayoga paravartI sAhitya meM adhikAMza 'diha' kA stutigAna hotA hai| bahuta pIche huA hai, kintu vaidika sAhitya meM isa prakAra dIkSA-kisI sampradAya kI sadasyatA prApta karane ke lie kI parIkSA kA prasaMga aneka sthAnoM meM AyA hai| atharvaveda (2.12) meM uddhRta agniparIkSA jise vebara, luDaviga, jAtA hai, vaha dIkSA kahI jAtI hai| vibhinna prakAra kI jimara tathA dUsaroM ne mAnyatA dI hai, use grila, blUma- dIkSAoM ke lie vividha prakAra ke mantroM kA vidhAna hai| 41

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322 dIkSita-dundubhi isa zabda kA mula sambandha vaidika yajJoM se hai| vaidika yajJa dIrghazravA-zAbdika artha hai 'bar3I prasiddhi prApta' / yaha eka . kA anuSThAna karane ke pUrva usakI dIkSA lenI par3atI thii| rAjarSi kA nAma hai, jinhoMne paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ke anudIkSA lene ke pazcAt loga dIkSita kahalAte the, tabhI ve sAra rAjya se niSkAsita hone para bhUkha se pIr3ita hokara anuSThAna ke lie adhikArI mAne jAte the| isakA sAmAnya kisI vizeSa sAma mantra kA darzana aura gAna kiyaa| isa artha hai kiso dhArmika kRtya meM praveza kI yogyatA prApta prakAra taba unako bhojana prApta huaa| Rgveda ke eka krnaa| pariccheda meM ausija (vaNik) ko 'dIrghazravA' kahA gayA hai dIkSita-(1) yajJAnuSThAna kI dIkSA lene vaalaa| jo sAyaNa ke matAnusAra vyaktivAcaka nAma hai tathA (2) appaya dIkSita ke pitAmaha kA nAma AcArya rAtha ke matAnusAra vizeSaNa hai| dIkSita thaa| AcArya dIkSita bhI advaita sampradAya ke dIrghAyu-vaidika bhAratIyoM (R0 ve0 10.62,2; a0 anuyAyiyoM meM gine jAte haiN| inhoMne bahata se yajJa kiye the ve01.22,2) kI prArthanA kA eka makhya viSaya thA isI se ye 'dIkSita' upanAma se vibhUSita hue| inakA 'dIrghAyu kI kAmanA' / jIvana kA Adarza lakSya 100 varSa nivAsasthAna kAJcIpurI thaa| jInA thaa| atharvaveda (2.13,28,29; 7.32) meM aneka dIpamAlikA (bIpAvalI, divAlI)-hinduoM ke cAra pramukha kriyAeM dIrghAyu ke lie bharI par3I haiM jo 'AyuSyANi' tyohAroM meM se eka / vizeSa kara yaha vaizyavarga kA tyohAra hai kahalAtI hai| kintu sabhI varga vAle ise utsAhapUrvaka manAte haiN| yaha sAre doghIyuSya-de0 'dIrghAyu' / bhArata meM pracalita hai / dIpamAlikA kArtika kI amAvasyA / dugdhavrata-bhAdrapada kI dvAdazI ko dugdha kA pUrNarUpa se parityAga ko manAyI jAtI hai / isa avasara para makAnoM kI pahale kara yaha vratArambha kiyA jAtA hai / nirNayasindhu, 141 ne se saphAI, saphedI aura sajAvaTa huI rahatI hai| rAta ko isa viSaya meM bhinna siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA hai / usake isa viSa dIpadAna hotA hai| dIpoM kI mAlAe~ sajAyI jAtI haiN| anusAra vratI khIra athavA dahI grahaNa kara sakatA hai kintu isIlie isakA nAma 'dIpamAlikA' hai| isa dina mahA- dugdha niASaddha / dugdha niSiddha hai| de0 varSakRtyadIpikA, 77, smatikaustubha, lakSmI tathA siddhidAtA gaNeza kI pUjA hotI hai| sAdhaka loga rAta bhara jAgakara japa Adi karate haiM / isI rAta ko dugdhezvaranAtha-uttara pradeza, paM devariyA jile ke rudrapura juA khelane kI burI praNAlI cala par3I hai, jisameM kucha kasavA ke pAsa dugdhezvaranAtha mahAdeva kA mandira hai| loga apane bhAgya kI parIkSA karate haiN| inheM mahAkAla kA upaliGga mAnA jAtA hai| yaha sthAna dIpavrata-mArgazIrSa zukla ekAdazI ko isa vrata kA anu bahuta prAcIna hai / nagara aura durga ke vistRta avazeSa tathA SThAna hotA hai| isameM bhagavatI lakSmI tathA nArAyaNa kA vaiSNava, zaiva, jaina evaM bauddha mUrtiyA~ yahA~ pAyI jAtI haiM / paJcAmRta se snAna karAkara vaidika mantroM tathA stutiyoM se isakI carcA phAhiyAna ne apane yAtrAvarNana meM kI hai| praNAma nivedana karate hue pUjana hotA hai| donoM pratimAoM pahale yahA~ paJcakrozI parikramA hoto thI, jisameM aneka ke sammukha dIpa prajvalita kiyA jAtA hai / tIrtha par3ate the / zivarAtri tathA adhika mAsa meM yahA~ melA dIpta Agama-yaha eka zaiva Agama hai| lagatA hai| mukhya mandira ke AsapAsa aneka navIna dIptivrata-eka varSa taka prati dina sAyaMkAla isa vrata kA mandira haiN| dundubhi-eka carmAvRta Anaddha prakAra kA bAjA, jo yuddha evaM anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM vratI ko tela niSiddha hai / varSa zAnti donoM meM vyavahRta hotA thaa| Rgveda tathA usake ke anta meM svarNa kA dIpaka, laghu sthAlI, trizUla aura paravartI sAhitya meM prAyaH isakA ullekha huA hai / bhUmieka jor3A vastra kA dAna vihita hai| isake AcaraNa se dundubhi eka vizeSa prakAra kA nagAr3A thA, jo jamIna ko manuSya ihaloka meM medhAvI hotA hai tathA anta meM rudraloka khodakara usake gaDDhe ko camar3e se mar3hakara banAyA jAtA prApta karatA hai / yaha saMvatsaravata hai| thaa| isakA prayoga mahAvrata ke samaya sUrya kI vApasI ke dIrghanIya----Rgveda kI eka RcA (8.50.10) meM dIrghanItha virodhI prabhAvoM ko rokane ke lie hotA thaa| dundubhiko yajJakartA kahA gayA hai| vAdaka bhI puruSamegha kI balivastuoM meM sammilita hai| 254 /

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durgandhadurbhAgyanAzanatrayodazI-durgotsanA 326 A .. durgandhadurbhAgyanAzanatrayodazI-jyeSTha zukla trayodazI ko isa devImAhAtmya meM 700 zloka haiM ataeva yaha 'saptazatI' vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / tIna vRkSoM, yathA zveta mandAra bhI kahalAtA hai| isameM devoM kI rakSA ke lie durgA ke athavA arka, lAla karavIra tathA nIma kA pUjana isameM dvArA aneka dAnavoM ko mArane kI carcA hai| unakA rUpa kiyA jAtA hai / yaha vrata sUrya ko bahuta priya hai / isako yuddha ke bIca bar3A hI bhayaMkara ho gayA hai / yahA~ unake prativarSa karanA caahie| isase zarIra kI durgandha tathA sampradAya ke niyamAdi to nahIM diye jA rahe hai kintu durbhAgya naSTa ho jAtA hai| yaha prakaTa hai ki grAmINa saralavRtti ke loga inakI pUjA durgA-durgati aura durbhAgya se bacAne vAlI devii| inakA meM madirA aura mAMsa kA prayoga karate the| sambhavataH una ullekha sarvaprathama mahAbhArata meM AtA hai| vahA~ unakI dinoM devI ko narabali bhI dete the jo aba vajita hai| dhIrestuti mahiSamadinI tathA kumArI devI ke rUpa meM huI hai, dhIre isa zAkta pUjA paddhati para vaiSNava dharma kA prabhAva jo vindhya parvata meM nivAsa karatI hai tathA madirA, mAMsa, pdd'aa| durgA aba bahuta aMza meM vaiSNavI ho cukI haiM / bhAgavata pazubali se prasanna hotI hai| apanI sucaritratA se ve kRSNasampradAya ke sAtha durgA kA sambandha isI tathya kI svarga ko dhAraNa karatI haiN| ve kRSNa kI bahina bhI haiM, unhIM kI taraha ghane nIle raGga kI tathA mayUrapaMkha kI durgA kI mUrti kA aMkana zakti ke pratIka ke rUpa meM kala~gI dhAraNa karatI hai / inakA ziva se koI sambandha yahA~ huA hai| ve atyanta sundarI (tripurasundarI) parantu mahatI nahIM dikhAyA gayA hai| zaktizAlinI ke rUpa meM dikhAyI jAtI hai| unakI ATha, mahAbhArata (6.23) meM hI eka aura pariccheda meM ye dasa, bAraha athavA aThAraha bhunAe~ hotI haiM, jinameM astradevI kRSNakathA se sambandhita haiM tathA yahA~ unheM ziva kI zastra dhAraNa kiye jAte haiN| unakA vAhana siMha hai, jo patnI umA kahA gayA hai| unheM veda, vedAnta, sUcaritratA svayaM zakti kA pratIka hai| ve apanI zakti ( eka zastra tathA anya aneka guNoM se saMyukta batalAyA gayA hai| kintu kA nAma ) se mahiSAsura ( tamoguNa ke pratIka ) kA vadha ve kumArI nahIM haiN| karatI haiN| durgApUjA athavA durgotsava Azvina mAsa ke harivaMza ke do adhyAyoM tathA mArkaNDeya purANa ke eka zakla pakSa meM manAyA jAtA hai / isake prathama nau dinoM ko aMza ko 'devImAhAtmya' kahate haiM / harivaMza kA racanAkAla navarAtra kahate haiM / isameM aneka prakAra kI dhArmika kriyAoM cauthI yA pA~cavI zatI I0 batAyA jAtA hai, isalie kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| devImAhAtmya adhika se adhika chaThI zatAbdI I0 kA durgAcandrakalAstuti-vyAkhyA sameta yaha stuti kuvalayAnandahonA cAhie, kyoMki yaha bANa kavi racita 'caNDIzataka' kRta eka nibandha grantha hai jo zAkta sampradAya meM bahuta loka(7vIM zatAbdI kA prAraMbhika kAla) kI paSThabhami kA kAma priya hai| karatA hai / harivaMza ke adhyAyoM meM durgA ke sampradAya ke dUrgAzatanAmastotra-vizvasAratantra meM yaha stotra pAyA jAtA dhArmika darzana kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / hai| isa tantra meM bhI 64 tantroM kI tAlikA dI haI hai, devI ke upAsakoM kA eka sampradAya hai tathA vaiSNava jisakA ullekha 'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM hai| aura zavoM kI taraha isa mata ke anusAra devI hI upa- durgotsava-donoM navarAtroM (zAradIya evaM vasantakAlIna) meM niSadoM kA brahma hai / devI zakti kA vicAra yahA~ sarvaprathama durgA kI pUjA hotI hai| kintu zAradIya pUjA kA mAhAdRSTigocara hotA hai| brahma jaba karma ke niyamoM se bAdhita tmya bahuta bar3A hai, kyoMki paramparA ke anusAra bhagavAn nahIM hai, to vaha avazya niSkriya hogA aura jaba Izvara rAma ne isa avasara para durgApUjA kI thii| yaha bhArata kA niSkriya hai to usakI patnI hI usakI zakti hogii| sambhavataH sabase bar3A vyApaka utsava hai / SaSThI se navamI isIlie ve ( zakti, devI ) aura bhI pUjA ke yogya haiM taka vizeSa pUjA kA Ayojana hotA hai tathA dazamI ko tathA vyAvahArika manuSya kI unake prati aura bhI niSThA zrImUrti kA visarjana hotA hai| devImati ke nirmANa evaM bar3ha jAtI hai| sajAvaTa meM lAkhoM rupayoM kA kharca hotA hai| bhAratIya dharma

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324 durgAnavamI-dUrvAgaNapativrata evaM kalA kA isase bar3A koI sArvajanika dRzya nahIM eka bAra ye svayaM bhagavAn viSNu ke zApa se pIr3ita upasthita kiyA jA sakatA hai| hue the| durgAnavamI-Azvina zukla navamI ko yaha vrata prArambha durvAsA Azrama-prayAga meM triveNIsaMgama se gaGgA pAra hokara hokara eka varSa taka calatA hai / isameM puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa, gaGgA kinAre para lagabhaga cha: mIla calane para chatanagA naivedya se durgA kA pUjana hotA hai / cAra-cAra mAsoM ke tIna (zaGkhamAdhava) se cAra mIla dUra kakarA grAma par3atA hai| bhAga karake pratyeka meM bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se durgA kA yahA~ durvAsA muni kA mandira hai| zrAvaNa meM melA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai, jaise Azvina meM durgA (jise lagatA hai| maGgalyA tathA caNDikA bhI kahA jAtA hai) ke nAma se / ukAmA kahA jAtA ha) kA nAma so durvAsA upapurANa-upapurANoM meM eka 'durvAsA upapurANa' __ isa vrata kA eka aura prakAra yaha hai ki kisI bhI bhI hai| navamI ko vratArambha ho sakatA hai| kyoMki isI dina darvAsAtantra-mizrita tantroM meM se yaha eka tantra grantha hai| bhadrakAlI ko samasta yoginiyoM kI adhyakSa banAyA durvAsAdhAma-maU-zAhagaMja (jaunapura) lAina para khurAso gayA thaa| roDa sTezana se tIna mIla dakSiNa gomatI ke taTa para yaha durgApUjA-yaha bhArata kA prasiddha vratotsava hai| baMgAla meM sthAna hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ maharSi durvAsA ne isakA vizeSa rUpa se pracAra hai| Azvina zukla navamI tapasyA kI thI / yahA~ para durvAsA kA eka bar3A mandira tathA dazamI ko durgA kA vividha prakAra se vidhivat pUjana hai| kArtika pUrNimA ko yahA~ melA lagatA hai| hotA hai / de0 durgaanvmii| dulhArAma-rAmasanehI sampradAya ke tIsare guru / inhoMne durgAvata-zrAvaNa zukla aSTamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA lagabhaga 10000 chanda tathA 4000 dohoM kI racanA kI hai / eka varSa taka calatA hai| prati mAsa devI ke bhinna thii| isa sampradAya meM inakI racanA bahuta lokapriya hai / bhinna nAmoM se unakA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| vratI ko dUta-saMvAdavAhaka ke rUpa meM isa kA ullekha Rgveda tathA cAhie ki vaha bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM kI raja apane zarIra paravartI sAhitya meM aneka sthAnoM para huA hai| dUta ke para mardana kare / naivedya bhI vibhinna prakAra kA arpaNa kartavyoM aura dharmoM kA ullekha arthazAstra, dharmazAstra, karanA cAhie / kRtyakalpataru (225-232) meM ise durgA rAmAyaNa evaM mahAbhArata Adi granthoM meM huA hai / dUta ke STamI ke nAma se kahA gayA hai| kucha vizeSAdhikAra sarvamAnya the| vaha avadhya thA aura durgASTamI-de0 'durgAvata' / usakA vadha karane se pApa hotA thaa| durgotsava-de0 'durgaapuujaa'| dUrvA-(1) eka prakAra kI mAGgalika ghAsa, jisakI duHkhAnta-pAzupata zaivoM ke pA~ca mukhya tattva hai-(1) pati gaNanA pUjA kI zubha sAmagriyoM meM hai| yaha gaNapatipUjana (kAraNa), (2) pazu (kArya), (3) yogAbhyAsa, (4) vidhi (vibhinna Avazyaka abhyAsa) aura (5) duHkhAnta (duHkha (2) bhAdra zukla aSTamI ko dUrvA aSTamI nAma se se mukti) / pAzupata sampradAya meM yaha mokSa kA samAnArthI pukArA jAtA hai| zabda hai| - dUrvAgaNapativrata- zrAvaNa athavA kArtika mAsa kI caturthI durvAsA-paurANika sAhitya ke ye pramukha caritranAyaka haiN| ko prArambha kara do yA tIna varSa taka isa vrata kA atyanta krodha aura zApa dene kI pravRtti ke lie ye prasiddha anuSThAna hotA hai| gaNezajI kI mUrti kA lAla phUloM, haiN| durvAsA kA zAbdika artha hai 'vaha vyakti jo / bilvapatroM, apAmArga, zamI ke pallava, dUrvA tathA tulasIkrodha meM Akara apane vAsas (kapar3e) Adi phAr3a de| daloM se tathA anyAnya upacAroM se pUjana hotA hai| aise inakI aneka kahAniyA~ purANoM meM pAyI jAtI haiN| abhi- mantroM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai jinameM gaNezajI ke jJAnazAkuntala meM durvAsA kA zApa prasiddha hai| Atithya dasa nAmoM kA ullekha ho| ( saurapurANa meM zivajI meM truTi ho jAne ke kAraNa inhoMne zakuntalA ko zApa skanda se kahate hai ki isa vrata kA AcaraNa pArvatI ne diyA thA ki usakA pati duSyanta usako bhUla jaayegaa| kiyA thA / )

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darvAtrirAtravrata-deva 325 durvAtrirAtravrata-(1) yaha vrata vizeSa kara mahilAoM ke dRzAna bhArgava-bhRgu kA eka vaMzaja / isakA ullekha kAThaka lie hai| bhAdra zakla trayodazI ko isakA Arambha hotA saMhitA (16.8) meM eka RSi ke rUpa meM haA hai| hai| isameM pUrNimA taka tInoM dina upavAsa karanA caahie| duSadvatI-eka nadI kA nAma, jo Adhunika hariyANA meM kucha umA tathA mahezvara kI pratimAoM kA pUjana hotA hai / dharma dUra taka sarasvatI ke samAnAntara bahatI huI sarasvatI meM tathA sAvitrI ko dUrvA ke madhya meM virAjamAna karake mila jAtI hai| bharata rAjakumAroM ke kAryakSetra ke varNana unakA pUjana karanA caahie| nRtya, gAnAdi mAMgalika ___ meM dRSadvatI kA varNana sarasvatI evaM ApayA ke sAtha huA kArya karate hue rAtri meM jAgaraNa aura sAvitrI ke AkhyAna hai| paJcaviMzabrAhmaNa tathA paravartI granthoM meM dRSadvatI evaM kA pATha karanA caahie| pratipadA ko tila, ghI tathA sarasvatI kA taTa yajJoM ke vizeSa sthala ke rUpa meM varNita samidhAoM se homa karane kA vidhAna hai| isase saukhya, hai| manu ne madhyadeza kI pazcimI sImA inhIM do nadiyoM samRddhi tathA santAna kI prApti hotI hai / kahA jAtA hai ki ko batalAyA hai / daSadvatI aura sarasvatI ke bIca kA pradeza dUrvA kA AvirbhAva bhagavAn viSNu ke kezoM se huA hai manu ke anusAra 'brahmAvarta' kahalAtA thA / de0 tathA kucha amRtabindu isa para gira par3e the| dUrvA amaratva 'brahmAvarta' / kA pratIka hai| dRSTisRSTivAda-advaitavedAntiyoM kA eka siddhAnta 'vivarta(2) isake anya prakAroM meM devI ke rUpa meM dUrvA kA hI vAda' hai, jisake anusAra brahma nitya aura vAstavika sattA pUjana batAyA gayA hai / durvA ke pUjana meM phUla, phala Adi hai tathA nAmarUpAtmaka jagat usakA vivarta hai / isI mata kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / do mantra bole jAte haiM, jinameM ko aura spaSTa karane ke lie 'dRSTisRSTivAda' kA siddhAnta eka yaha hai : 'he dUrve ! tU amara hai, terI deva tathA asura upasthita kiyA gayA hai, jisake anusAra mAyA arthAt pratiSThA karate haiM, mujhe saubhAgya, santAna tathA sukha pradAna nAma-rUpa mana kI vRtti hai / isakI sRSTi mana hI karatA hai kr|' brAhmaNoM, mitroM tathA sambandhiyoM ko pRthvI para gire aura mana hI dekhatA hai / ye nAma-rUpa usI prakAra mana hue tiloM tathA gehU~ ke ATe kA banA pakvAnna khilAnA ___ athavA vRttiyoM ke bAhara kI koI vastu nahIM haiM, jisa caahie| yadi bhAdrapada mAsa kI aSTamI ko jyeSThA yA prakAra jar3a citta ke bAhara kI koI vastu nahIM hai / ina mala nakSatra ho to yaha vrata nahIM karanA cAhie aura na sarya vRttiyoM kA zamana hI mokSa hai| ke kanyA rAzi para sthita hone aura na agastyodaya ho deva-yaha hindU dharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa tattva hai / isameM eka cukane pr| uccatama kalpanA nihita hai| isakI vyutpatti yAska ke dUlanavAsa-satanAmI sampradAya ke eka snt-mhaatmaa| isa nirukta ke anusAra 'dAna, dIpana, dyotana, dhu-sthAna meM hone' sampradAya kA Arambha kaba aura kisake dvArA haA yaha to Adi ke artha para hai / isa prakAra 'deva' zabda vizva kI ThIka jJAta nahIM hai, kintu satanAmiyoM aura auraMgajeba ke prakAzamaya aura kalyANakArI zaktiyoM kA pratIka hai / bIca kI lar3AI meM hajAroM satanAmI mAre gaye the| isase vAstava meM yaha vizva ke mUla meM rahane vAlI avyakta mala pratIta hotA hai ki yaha mata yatheSTa pracalita thA aura sattA ke vividha vyakta rUpoM kA pratIka hai| vedoM meM IzvasthAnavizeSa meM isane sainika rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| rIya zakti ke vibhinna rUpoM kI kalpanA 'deva' ke rUpa meM saM0 1800 ke lagabhaga jagajIvana sAhaba ne isakA punaru- kI gayI hai| veda kI spaSTa ukti hai "eka sad viprA bahudhA dvAra kiyaa| inake ziSya dulanadAsa hae jo kavi bhI the| vadanti, agni yamaM mAtarizvAnamAhuH / " [ sattA eka hai| ye jIvanabhara rAyabarelI meM nivAsa karate rhe| vidvAn loga usako vividha prakAra se agni, yama, mAtadRDhasyu (Agasti)-(agastya ke vaMzaja) inakA ullekha rizvA Adi devatAoM ke rUpa meM kahate haiN| ] jaiminIya brAhmaNa (3.233) meM vibhindukIyoM ke yajJakArya puruSasUkta ke 17 veM mantra "adbhyaH saMbhRtaH ..." kAla ke udgAtA purohita ke rUpa meM huA hai| tanmaya'sya devatvamAjAnamagre" ke anusAra paramezvara ne dubhIka-Rgveda (2.14.3) meM eka manuSya athavA daitya kA manuSyazarIra Adi ko racA hai, ata : manuSya bhI divya karma nAma, jisakA indra ne vadha kiyA thaa| karake deva kahalAte haiM aura jaba Izvara kI upAsanA se ,

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326 devako-devatA vidyA, vijJAna Adi atyuttama guNoM ko prApta hote haiM taba kRSNa kA yaha paryAya bhAgavatoM meM bahata pracalita hai| una manuSyoM kA nAma bhI deva hotA hai, kyoMki karma se 'Izvara' athavA 'brahma' ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga hotA hai : upAsanA aura jJAna uttama haiN| isameM Izvara kI yaha AjJA "eko devo devakIputra eva / " hai ki jo manuSya uttama karma meM zarIra Adi padArthoM ko devajanavidyA-zatapatha brAhmaNa (13.4,3,10) tathA lagAtA hai vaha saMsAra meM uttama sukha pAtA hai aura jo chAndogya-upaniSad ( 7.1,2,4,2,1.7,1 ) meM ginAye paramezvara kI prAptirUpa mokSa kI icchA karake uttama karma gaye vijJAnoM meM se yaha eka vijJAna hai| isako devavijJAna upAsanA aura jJAna meM puruSArtha karatA hai, vaha uttama 'deva' ___ athavA dharmavijJAna kahA jA sakatA hai| kahalAtA hai| devatA-'devatA' zabda deva kA hI vAcaka strIliGga hai, bhAgavatoM ( vaiSNavoM) dvArA deva zabda kA artha vahI hindI meM puMlliGga meM isakA prayoga hotA hai / mUlataH 33 devatA mAne gaye hai --12 Aditya, 8 vasu, 11 rudra, lagAyA jAtA hai jo hibrU zabda 'elohIma' kA hai / yaha zabda kabhI-kabhI to sarvazreSTha Izvara kA artha aura kabhI dyAvA aura pRthvo / kintu Age calakara devamaNDala kA unake mantravarga ke devoM, jaise brahmA Adi kA artha vyakta vistAra hotA gayA aura saMkhyA 33 karor3a pahu~ca gyii| karatA hai / ye bhI pUjA ke pAtra hote haiM kintu inakI pUjA devatAoM kA vargIkaraNa kaI prakAra se huA hai| pahale zraddhAmAtra hai, upAsanA nahIM hai / bhAgavata ananya hote haiM, ve sthAnakrama se-(1) dhusthAnIya ( UparI AkAza meM bahudevoM kI upAsanA nahIM krte| rahane vAle ), (2) antarikSasthAnIya ( madhya AkAza vaidika devamaNDala meM bahuta se devatAoM kI gaNanA hai meM rahane vAle) aura ( 3) pRthvIsthAnIya ( pRthvI para rahane vAle ); dUsare parivArakrama se, yathA Aditya, vasu, jo sthAnakrama se tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-(1) pRthvI rudra Adi / tIsare vargakrama se, yathA indrAvaruNa, mitrAsthAnIya, (2) antarikSasthAnIya aura (3) vyomasthA varuNa Adi / cauthe samUhakrama se, jaise sarvadevAH Adi / nIya / isI prakAra parivArakrama se devoM ke tIna varga haiM ___ Rgveda ke sUktoM meM vizeSa rUpa se devatAoM kI (1) dvAdaza Aditya, (2) ekAdaza rudra aura (3) aSTa vasu / stutiyoM kI adhikatA hai| stutiyoM meM devatAoM ke nAma inameM dyau aura pRthivI do aura jor3ane se tetIsa mukhya deva agni, vAyu, indra, varuNa, mitrAvaruNa, azvinIkumAra, hote haiN| punaH vRddhikrama se tetIsa koTi devatA mAne jAte haiM / vizvedevAH, sarasvatI, Rtu, marut, tvaSTA, brahmaNaspati, jahA~-jahA~ koI vibhUtitattva pAyA jAtA hai, vahA~ 'deva' soma, dakSiNA, Rju, indrANI, varuNAnI, dyau, pRthvI, kI kalpanA kI jAtI hai| pUSA Adi hai| jo loga devatAoM kI anekatA devako-kRSNa kI mAtA kA nAma devakI tathA pitA kA nahIM mAnate ve ina saba nAmoM kA artha parabrahma paramAtmAnAma vasudeva hai / devakI kaMsa kI bahina thii| kaMsa ne pati vAcaka lagAte haiN| jo loga aneka devatA mAnate haiM ve bho sahita usako kArAvAsa meM banda kara rakhA thA, kyoMki ina saba stutiyoM ko paramAtmAparaka mAnate haiM aura kahate usako jyotiSiyoM ne batAyA thA ki devakI kA koI putra hai ki ye sabhI devatA aura samasta saSTi paramAtmA kI hI usakA vadha karegA / kaMsa ne devakI ke sabhI putroM kA vadha kiyA, kintu jaba kRSNa utpanna hue to vasudeva rAtoM bhAratIya gAthAoM aura purANoM meM ina devatAoM kA rAta unheM gokula grAma meM nanda-yazodA ke yahA~ chor3a aaye| mAnavIkaraNa athavA puruSIkaraNa huaa| phira inakI mUrtiyA~ devakI ke bAre meM isase adhika kucha vizeSa vaktavya jJAta banane lagIM / inake sampradAya bane aura pUjA hone lgii| nahIM hotA hai / chA0 upaniSad meM bhI devakIputra kRSNa (ghora pahale saba devatA trimUrti-brahmA, viSNu aura ziva meM AGgirasa ke ziSya ) kA ullekha hai| pariNata hue the, anantara devamaNDala aura pUjApaddhati kA devakIputra-kRSNa kA yaha mAtRparaka nAma chAndogya upa- vistAra hotA gyaa| niruktakAra yAska ke anusAra niSad ( 3.17,6) meM pAyA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata ke devatAoM kI utpatti AtmA se hI mAnI gayI hai, yathA anusAra devakI ke pitA devaka the| "ekasyAtmano'nye devAH pratyaGgAni bhavanti / " ,

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devatA arthAt eka advaya AtmA ke hI saba devatA pratyaMga rUpa haiM / devatAoM ke sambandha meM yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki "tisro devatA" arthAt devatA tIna hai, brahmA, viSNu aura maheza / kintu ye pradhAna devatA haiM, jo sRSTi, sthiti evaM saMhAra ke niyAmaka haiM / inake atirikta aura bhI devatAoM kI kalpanA kI gayI hai aura mahAbhArata ( zAntiparva ) meM inakA varNakrama bhI spaSTa kiyA gayA hai, yathA AdityA: kSatriyAsteSAM vivAzca marutastathA / azvinau tu smRtI zUdrau tapasyu samAsthitau / / smRtAstvaGgiraso devA brAhmaNA iti nizcayaH / ityetat sarvadevAnAM cAturvarNyaM prakIrtitam // [ AdityagaNa kSatriya devatA, marudgaNa vaizya devatA, azvin gaNa zUdra devatA tathA AMgirasagaNa brAhmaNa devatA haiM / ] zatapatha brAhmaNa meM bhI devatAoM kA varNakrama isI prakAra mAnA gayA hai / devatAoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM tetIsa devatA pradhAna kahe gaye haiM, kSeSa sabhI devatA inako vibhUtirUpa hai / inakI saMkhyA nirdhAraNa karate hue kahA gayA hai : tisraH koTyastu rudrANAmAdityAnAM daza smRtAH / agnInAM putrapautraM tu saMkhyAtuM naiva zakyate // [ ekAdaza rudroM kI vibhUti tIna koTi devatA haiM, dvAdaza AdityoM kI vibhUti dasa koTi devatA hai| kintu agnideva ke putra aura pautroM kI to gaNanA karanA asaMbhava hai] punaH akSapAda ne ina kI saMkhyA 33 karor3a taka mAnI hai| niruka ( daivatakANDa) ke anusAra devatA tIna haiM: sthAnIya, pRthvIsthAnIya evaM AntarikSa / inameM agni kA sthAna pRthvI hai, vAyu evaM indra kA sthAna antarikSa hai| sUrya kA sthAna dyuloka hai / isa prakAra devatAoM kI saMkhyA ke sambandha meM mataikya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, ataH devatA asaMkhya haiM / devatA sAkSAt evaM parokSa zakti ke kAraNa nitya aura naimittika do prakAra ke hote haiN| inameM nitya devatA ve haiM jinakA pada nitya evaM sthAyI rUpa meM mAnA jAtA hai, yathA vasu, rudra, indra, Aditya evaM varuNa ye nitya devatA haiM / inake padasamUha kevala apane brahmANDa meM hI nitya nahIM haiM, apitu pratyeka brahmANDa meM ina padoM (sthAnoM) kI nitya rUpa se sattA Avazyaka mAnI jAtI hai / ye pada to nitya 327 hote haiM, para kalpa manvantarAdi ke parivartana ke anantara koI bhI viziSTa devatA apane pada se unnati kara usase ucca sthAna bhI prApta kara sakatA hai / kabhI-kabhI ina padAdhikArI devatAoM kA patana bhI ho jAtA hai| mahA bhArata ke anusAra rAjA nahuSa ne kaThina tapasyA ke prabhAva se indrapada prApta kara liyA thA, kintu isa pada kI prApti ke anantara yaha ahaMkArI ho gyaa| RSiyoM se apanI zitrikA vahana karAte samaya vaha maharSi bhRgu dvArA zApita hone para sarpa ho gayA / inameM naimittika devatA ve hote haiM, jinakA pada kisI nimitta vizeSa ke kAraNa nirmita hotA hai, aura usa nimitta ke naSTa ho jAne para vaha pada jAne para vaha pada (sthAna) bhI samApta ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra grAmadevatA, vAstudevatA, vanadevatA Adi naimittika devakoTi ke antargata Ate haiM / jisa prakAra gRhadevatA kI sthApanA gRhanirmANa ke samaya kI jAtI hai, evaM usa gRhadevatA kI sthApanA ke samaya se lekara jaba taka vaha gRha banA rahatA hai, taba taka usa gRhadevatA kA pada sthAyI rahatA hai| gRha naSTa hone para usa devatA kA sthAna bhI naSTa ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra udbhija, svedaja, aNDaja evaM jarAyuja catuvidha jIvoM kI jisa deza meM jisa prakAra kI zreNiyA~ utpanna hotI haiM, unake rakSArtha vaisA hI svatantra devatA kA pada banAyA jAtA hai| sthAvara padArthoM meM bhI nadI, parvata Adi tathA aneka prakAra ke dhAtu Adi khanija padArthoM ke cAlaka aura rakSaka pRthak devatA hote haiM / isa taraha caudoM bhuvanoM ke virAT puruSa kI vibhUtirUpa hone ke kAraNa inake antargata jitane bhI padArtha hai una sabhI kI daivI zaktiyA~ niyAmikA haiM / isa prakAra nitya aura naimittika bhedoM se devatAoM ke aneka nAma aura rUpa siddha hote haiN| AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI dRSTi se bhI devatA tIna prakAra ke mAne jAte haiM, yathA uttama, madhyama aura adhama / uttama devatAoM meM pArthiva zarIrAntargata annamaya, prANamaya evaM manomaya koSoM ke adhikAroM kI pUrNatA ke sAtha vijJAnamaya evaM Anandamaya koSoM ke adhikAroM kI mukhyatA rahatI hai| isI prakAra madhyama zreNI ke devatAvarga ko bhI prathama tIna ( annamaya, prANamaya tathA manomaya) koSoM ke adhikAra hote haiM parantu vijJAnamaya tathA Anandamaya

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devatAdhyAya-devamuni koSoM ke adhikAroM kI gauNatA rahatI hai / adhama zreNI ke devadAsI-vaibhavazAlI hindU mandiroM meM striyoM kA nartakI devatAoM ke adhikAroM kI tovratA kevala annamaya aura ke rUpa meM rakhA jAnA bhArata meM pracalita thA, jo devamUrti prANamaya koSoM meM hI rahatI hai| satyalokastha deva rUpastha ke sAmane nAcatI gAtI thiiN| inheM devadAsI athavA RSiyoM ko pA~coM koSoM para pUrNa adhikAra prApta rahatA 'devaratiAla' kahate the| mAnabhAu saMpradAyI logoM ke apayaza hai / vaitAlika kSudra devatA evaM aneka naimittika devatA isI kA saccA yA jhUThA kAraNa eka yaha bhI batalAyA jAtA zreNI ke samajhe jAte haiN| isI prakAra pretalokagata jIva hai ki ve choTI-choTI lar3akiyoM ko kharIdakara unheM bhI daivI zaktisampanna hote haiM, parantu inakI dazA adhika devadAsI banAte the| yaha prathA aba vidhi dvArA niSiddha unnata nahIM hotii| ye kevala eka bhUloka se hI saMzliSTa aura banda hai| rahakara annamaya, prANamaya evaM manomaya koSoM ko kiJcit devanakSatra-taittirIya brAhmaNa (1.5,2, 67) meM devasaMkucita aura vikasita karane meM samartha hote haiN| ye ala- nakSatra caudaha cAndra sthAnoM ko kahate haiN| ye dakSiNa meM kSita rahakara bhI prANamaya koSa kI sahAyatA se aneka sthUla hai| dUsare yamanakSatra kahalAte haiM, jo uttara meM haiN| padArthoM ko girAne tathA uThAne ke kArya karate haiN| yaha devapAla-kRSNa yajurvedIya kAThaka gRhyasUtra para inhoMne eka nizcita hai ki kevala manuSyoM ke samakSa kucha daivI zaktiyA~ vRtti likhI hai| rakhane ke kAraNa preta devayoni meM parigaNita hote haiN| devaprayAga-yahA~ bhAgIrathI (gaGgottarI se Ane vAlI anyathA devalokoM meM inakI gati nahIM hotI hai / gaGgA kI dhArA ) aura alakanandA ( badarInAtha se Ane vAlI gaGgA kI dhArA) kA saMgama hai| saMgama se Upara dhyAna se dekhA jAya to samasta daivI jagat ke sambandha raghunAthajI, Adya vizvezvara tathA gaGgA-yamunA kI meM adhyAtma bhAvanA ke dvArA pUrNa jJAna prApta kiyA jA mUrtiyA~ haiN| yahA~ gRddhAcala, narasiMhAcala tathA dazarathAsakatA hai| jJAnI ke lie samasta sRSTi devamaya hai| cala nAmaka tIna parvata haiN| ise prAcIna sudarzanakSetra kahate de0 'deva' / haiN| yAtrI yahA~ pitRzrAddha, piNDadAna Adi karate haiN| devatAdhyAya-sAmavedIya pA~cavA~ brAhmaNa 'devatAdhyAya' kaha- yahA~ se badarInAtha ko sIdhA mArga jAtA hai| lAtA hai / sAyaNa ne isakA bhASya likhA hai| isameM devatA devabanda-sahAranapura jile meM mujaphpharanagara se 14 mIla sambandhI adhyayana hai| pahale adhyAya meM sAmavedIya deva- dUra devabanda sthAna hai| yahA~ para durgAjI kA mandira hai, tAoM kA bahuta prakAra se prakIrtana hai| dUsare adhyAya meM samIpa hI devIkuNDa sarovara hai| caitra zukla caturdazI se varNa aura varNadevatAoM kA vivaraNa hai| tIsare adhyAya meM ATha dasa dina taka yahA~ melA lagatA hai| yahA~ pahale vana ina sabakI nirukti kA vicAra hai| thA, jise 'devIvana' kahate the| usI se isa nagara kA devatAdhyAya brAhmaNa-de0 'devatAdhyAya' / nAma devabanda pdd'aa| yaha eka zaktitIrtha hai| aba yahA~ devatApAramya-AcArya rAmAnuja racita eka grantha / isake / muslima dharma aura saMskRti kI vizeSa zikSA denevAlA racanAkAla kA ThIka jJAna nahIM hotA, parantu rAmAnuja mahAvidyAlaya bhI sthApita ho gayA hai| ke jIvanakAla ke uttarArddha meM yaha rakhA jA sakatA hai| devabhAga zrautarSa-zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 2.4, 4, 5) meM deva bhAga zrautarSa ko sRJjayoM evaM kuruoM kA pArivArika devatAsarA-baMgAla se lekara mirjApura (u0 pra0) taka purohita kahA gayA hai / aitareya brAhmaNa (7.1 ) meM inheM ke kSetra meM eka janajAti bhuiyA yA bhuiyA~ ( saM0 bhUmi ) girija bAbhravya ko yajJIya balidAna kI vidhi sikhalAne basatI hai| usake apane purohita hote haiM, jinheM devarI vAlA kahA gayA hai (-pazovibhaktiH) tathA taittirIya kahate haiM tathA pUjAsthala ko 'devatAsarA' kahate haiN| inameM brAhmaNa meM sAvitra agni kA adhikArI vidvAn batalAyA cAra devatAoM kI vizeSa pUjA hotI hai| ve haiM-dAsuma gayA hai| pAta, bAmonI pAta, koisara pAta tathA borAma / devamuni-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 25.14, 5) meM 'devamuni' devatrAta-AzvalAyana zrautasUtra ke gyAraha bhASyakAroM meM tura kA eka viruda hai| anukramaNI meM ye eka RgvedIya se devatrAta bhI eka haiN| RcA (10.146 ) ke racayitA kahe gaye haiN|

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devayAtrotsava-devazayanotthAna devayAtrotsava-de0 nIlamata purANa, pR0 83-84, padya 1013-1017 / devAlayoM meM kucha nizcita tithiyoM ko jAnA caahie| jaise vinAyaka ke mandira meM caturthI ko, skanda ke mandira meM SaSThI ko, sUrya ke mandira meM saptamI ko, durgAjI ke mandira meM navamI ko, lakSmIjI ke mandira meM paJcamI ko, zivajI ke mandira meM aSTamI ko athavA caturdazI ko, nAgoM ke mandira meM paJcamI, dvAdazI athavA pUrNimA ko / pUrNimA ko samasta devoM ke mandiroM meM yAtrotsava manAye jA sakate haiN| rAjanItiprakAza, pR0 416-419 ( brahmapurANa se uddhata ) ke anusAra devAlayoM meM vaizAkha mAsa se prArambha kara chaH mAsa taka prativarSa ye utsava kiye jAne cAhie, yathA prathama mAsa meM brahmAjI ke lie, dvitIya meM devatAoM ke lie tathA tRtIya meM gaNezajI ke lie / isI prakAra anyAnyoM ke lie bhI jAnanA caahie| devayAna-vaidika sAhitya ke anusAra isa zabda kA artha 'devatva kA patha dikhAne vAlA mArga' hai| isakA anya zAbdika artha hai 'kisI devatA kA vAhana / ' jaise devayAna devatAoM kA patha dikhalAtA hai usI prakAra pitRyAna pitaroM kA patha dikhalAtA hai| Rgveda kI eka RcA meM devayAna kA sambandha agni se jor3A gayA hai jo devI purohita hai tathA devatA aura manuSyoM ke milana kA mAdhyama hai| devoM ke patha yA jisa patha se yajJa padArtha AkAza ko pahu~catA thA, Age calakara vaha yajJakartA kA mArga bana jAtA thA, jisa para calakara vaha devoM ke loka meM pahu~catA thaa| yaha vicAra zava ke dAhakarma se liyA gayA jAna par3atA hai| Age calakara upaniSadoM meM tathA anya sAmpradAyika matoM meM devayAna ke aneka sthala yA virAmasthAna nirNIta kiye gaye, jina para kramazaH agrasara hotA huA manuSya anta meM mokSa prApta karatA hai| ___ kulAlikAmnAyatantra ke anusAra zAktoM ke tIna yAna haiM : dakSiNe devayAnantu pitRyAnantu uttare / madhyame tu mahAyAnaM zivasaMjJA pragIyate / / isake anusAra devayAna kA pracAra dakSiNa meM, pitRyAna kA uttara meM aura mahAyAna kA madhyadeza meM pratIta hotA hai| devavrata-(1) caturdazI ke dina guruvAra ho tathA maghA nakSatra ho to vratI ko upavAsa rakhate hue bhagavAn mahezvara kA pUjana karanA caahie| isase dIrghAyu, dhana aura yaza kI vRddhi hotI hai|| (2) ATha dinoM taka nakta, do vastra sahita eka gau, suvarNa ke cakra tathA trizUla kA dAna karanA caahie| usa samaya yaha mantra uccarita honA cAhie : "zivakezavau prasIdetAm / " yaha saMvatsaravrata hai| isake AcaraNa se ghora pApoM kA nAza ho jAtA hai| (3) isa vrata meM vedoM kA pUjana bhI batAyA gayA hai| Rgveda ( isakA Atreya gotra aura adhipati candramA hai ), yajurveda ( isakA kAzyapa gotra hai aura devatA rudra hai ), sAmaveda ( bhAradvAja gotra hai, devatA indra hai ) kA pUjana karanA caahie| sAtha hI atharvaveda kA bhI pUjana karanA caahie| unakI AkRtiyoM kA bhI nirmANa karanA caahie| de0 hemAdri, 2.915-16 ( devIpurANa se ) / devarAjAcArya-eka viziSTAdvaitavAdI AcArya, jo vikrama kI lagabhaga terahavIM zatAbdI meM hae the / sudarzanAcArya ke garu aura varadAcArya ke ye pitA the| inhoMne 'bimbatattvaprakAzikA' nAmaka eka prabandha meM advaitavAdiyoM ke pratibimbavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai / yaha pustaka abhI prakAzita nahIM huI hai| devala-(1) kAThakasaMhitA (12.11) meM devala nAmaka eka RSi kA ullekha hai| isa nAma ke eka prAcIna vedAntAcArya bhI the| (2) devala eka smatikAra bhI hae haiM, jinake nAma se devalasmRti prasiddha hai| yaha smRti AThavIM zatI meM likhI gayI thii| devala(tIrtha)-uttara pradeza ke pIlIbhIta nagara se 23 mIla para bIsalapara bastI hai| yahA~ se 10 mIla pUrvottara gar3hagajanA tathA devala ke prAcIna khaMDahara haiN| ina khaMDaharoM se varAha bhagavAn kI eka prAcIna mUrti milI hai jo devala ke mandira meM sthApita hai| sthAnIya kiMvadantI ke anusAra maharSi devala kA Azrama yahIM thaa| devala RSi-de0 'devl'| devalasmRti-de0 'devala' / / devazayanotthAnamahotsava-jisa dina bhagavAna viSNa sote hai athavA jAgate haiM usa dina vizeSa vrata aura mahotsava karane kA vidhAna hai / ASAr3ha zukla ekAdazI (harizayanI) ko viSNu sote aura kArtika zukla ekAdazI (devotthAna) 42

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330 devasamAja-devAsurasaMgrAma ko jAgate haiM / vAstava meM yahA~ viSNu sUrya ke eka rUpa meM pUjita hote haiN| varSA Rtu meM meghAcchanna hone ke kAraNa ye soye hue mAne jAte tathA zarad Rtu Ane para aura AkAza svaccha hone para jAgRta samajhe jAte haiN| devasamAja-Adhunika sudhAraka IzvaravAdI AndolanoM meM 'devasamAja' kA bhI ullekha kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake saMsthApaka ne pahale IzvaravAdI 'brAhmasamAja' kI taraha apanA saMpradAya Arambha kara pIche IzvaravAditA kA ekadama tyAga kara diyaa| yaha samAja bahuta lokapriya nahIM huaa| devasvAmI-ye baudhAyana zrautasUtra ke eka bhASyakAra hai| devahAra-uttara bhArata meM Adima deva-deviyoM kI pUjA Aja bhI pracalita hai| ina devatA tathA deviyoM kA sAdhAraNa nAma 'grAma yA grAmya devatA' hai, jise Adhunika bhASA meM 'gAMvadevatA' yA 'gA~vadevI' kahate haiN| kabhI-kabhI unheM 'diha' kahate haiM tathA devasthAna ko 'devahAra' kahate haiM / 'devahAra' se kabhI-kabhI gA~va ke sabhI deva-deviyoM kA bodha hotA hai| lokadharma kA ya: Aja bhI Avazyaka aMga hai| devAcArya-dvaitAdvaitavAdI vaiSNava saMpradAya ke AcArya / inakA janma tailaGga deza meM huA thaa| ve sambhavataH bArahavIM zatAbdI ke antima bhAga meM vartamAna the| nimbArkasampradAya kA vizvAsa hai ki ve viSNu ke hAtha meM sthita kamala ke avatAra the| unhoMne kRpAcArya se vedAnta kI zikSA lI, parantu kRpAcArya kauna the, isakA kucha patA nahIM lgtaa| devAcArya ke granthoM se mAlUma hotA hai ki unhoMne zAGkaramata tathA nimbArkamata kA vistRta adhyayana kiyA thaa| devAcArya ke do grantha milate hai-'vedAnta- jAhnavI' tathA 'bhaktiratnAJjali', ina granthoM meM devAcArya ne nimbArka mata tathA bhakti kA pratipAdana aura zAGkara mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unakA mata vahI hai jo nimbArka kA hai| devApi ASTiSeNa-(RSiSeNa kA vaMzaja) isakA ullekha Rgveda kI eka RcA (10.98) tathA nirukta (2.10) meM huA hai / anya grantha ke anusAra devApi tathA zantanu bhAI the jo kuru rAjakumAra the| devApi jyeSTha thA kintu usake rogAta hone ke kAraNa zantanu ne hI rAjyAdhikAra prApta kiyA / phira 12 varSoM taka varSA na huI, brAhmaNoM ne isa anAvRSTi kA kAraNa bar3e bhAI ke hote choTe kA rAjyA- rohaNa batAyA aura taba zantanu ne devApi ko rAjya de diyA / devApi ne ise asvIkAra kiyA tathA choTe bhAI ke purohita kA kAryabhAra grahaNa kara varSA kraayii| bRhaddevatA meM bhI yahI kathA hai (7.148), kintu isameM bar3e bhAI ke rAjyAdhikArI na hone kA kAraNa isakA carmarogI honA batAyA gayA hai| rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata tathA paravartI grantha isa kathA kA aura bhI vistAra karate haiN| mahAbhArata (5. 50-54) ke anusAra devApi ke rAjya na pAne kA kAraNa usakA kuSTharogI honA thA jabaki dUsarI kathA meM usakA yuvAvasthA se hI saMnyAsI ho jAnA kAraNa thaa| mahAbhArata meM use pratIpa kA putra kahA gayA hai tathA usake bhAiyoM kA nAma bAlIka evaM ASTiSeNa / Rgveda kI RcA meM devApi dvArA zantanu ke lie yajJa karane kA varNana hai| yahA~ zantanu ko aulAna kahA gayA hai / yahA~ donoM kA bhrAtRtva sambandha nahIM jAna par3atA tathA yaha bhI nahIM jAna par3atA ki devApi brAhmaNa nahIM thaa| kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra, jinakA mata nirukta para AdhArita hai, vaha kSatriya thA, kintu isa avasara para bRhaspati kI kRpA se vaha purohita ke kArya karane kA adhikArI ho sakA thaa| devArAma-tamila padyoM kA saMgraha (tIna granthoM kA eka meM saMkalana) 'tevArAma' yA 'devArAma' kahalAtA hai, jisakA artha hai 'daivI upavana' / isake saMkalanakartA kA nAma thA nambi-aNDara-nambi jo vaiSNavAcArya nAthamuni tathA colanareza rAmarAja (985-1018) ke samakAlIna the| rAmarAja kI sahAyatA se nambi ne 'devArAma' ke padyoM ko draviDa gItoM meM parivartita kara diyaa| devAsurasaMgrAma-(1) devatA aura asura donoM prajApati kI santAna hai / una logoM kA Apasa meM yuddha huaa| devatA loga hAra gaye / asuroM ne socA ki nizcaya hI yaha pRthvI hamArI hai| una saba logoM ne salAha kI hama loga pRthvI ko Apasa meM bA~Ta leM aura usake dvArA apanA nirvAha kreN| una logoM ne vRSacarma (mAnadaNDa, napanA) lekara pUrvapazcima nApakara bA~TanA zurU kiyaa| devatAoM ne jaba sUnA to unhoMne parAmarza kiyA aura bole ki asura loga pRthvI bA~Ta rahe haiM, hama bhI usa sthAna para phuNceN| yadi hama loga pRthvI kA bhAga nahIM pAte haiM to hamArI kyA dazA hogI? devatAoM ne viSNu ko Age kiyA aura jAkara

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devyAnvolana-devIpATana kahA ki hama logoM ko bhI pRthvI kA adhikAra pradAna kro| rUpoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| devI, mahAdevI, pArvato, asUyAvaza asuroM ne uttara diyA ki jitane parimANa ke haimavatI Adi isake sAdhAraNa nAma haiN| ziva kI zakti sthAna meM viSNu vyApa sake utanA hI hama deNge| viSNa ke rUpa meM devI ke do rUpa haiM-(1) komala aura ( 2) vAmana the| devatAoM ne isa bAta ko svIkAra kiyaa| bhayaGkara / prAyaH dUsare rUpa meM hI isakI adhika pUjA hotI ve Apasa meM vivAda karane lage ki asuroM ne hama logoM hai / komala athavA saumya rUpa meM vaha umA, gaurI, pArvatI, ko yajJa bhara ke lie hI sthAna diyA hai| phira devatAoM ne haimavatI, jaganmAtA, bhavAnI Adi nAmoM se sambodhita viSNu ko pUrva kI ora rakhakara anuSTup chanda se parivrata kiyA hotI hai| bhayaGkara rUpa meM isake nAma haiM-durgA, kAlI, tathA bole, tumako dakSiNa dizA meM gAyatrI chanda se, pazcima zyAmA, caNDI, caNDikA, bhairavI Adi / ugra rUpa kI dizA meM triSTup chanda se aura uttara dizA meM jagatI chanda pUjA meM hI durgA aura bhairavI kI upAsanA hotI hai, se pariveSTita karate haiN| isa taraha unako cAroM ora jisameM pazubali tathA aneka vAmAcAra kI kriyAoM kA chandoM se pariveSTita karake unhoMne agni ko sanmukha rkhaa|| vidhAna hai| durgA ke dasa hAtha haiM, jinameM vaha zastrAstra chandoM ke dvArA viSNu dizAoM ko gherane lage aura deva- dhAraNa karatI hai| vaha paramasundarI, svarNavarNa aura siMhagaNa pUrva dizA se lekara pUjA aura zrama karate-karate Age vAhinI hai| vaha mahAmAyA rUpa se sampUrNa vizva ko calane lge| isa taraha unhoMne samasta pathvI prApta kara lii| mohita rakhatI hai| caNDImAhAtmya ke anusAra isake (2) devAsura saMgrAma kramazaH aba naitika pratIka bana nimnAGkita nAma hai-1. durgA 2. dazabhujA 3. siMhagayA hai / satya-asatya athavA nyAya-anyAya ke saMgharSa ko vAhinI 4. mahiSamardinI 5. jagaddhAtrI 6. kAlI 7. bhI devAsura saMgrAma kahA jAtA hai / muktakezI 8. tArA 9. chinnamastakA 10. jagadgaurI / devyAndolana-(devI ko jhalAnA) yaha vrata caitra zukla tRtIyA apane pati ziva se devI ko aneka nAma mile haiM, jaise ko kiyA jAtA hai| umA tathA zaGkara kI pratimAoM ko bAbhravI, bhagavatI, IzAnI, IzvarI, kAlaJjarI, kapAlinI, kesara Adi sugandhita vastuoM se cacita karake tathA kauzikI, mahezvarI, mRDA, mRDAnI, rudrANI, zarvANI, zivA, damanaka pAdapa se vizeSa rUpa se pUjita karake jhUle meM tryambakI aadi| apane utpattisthAnoM se bhI devI ko jhulAnA tathA rAtri meM jAgaraNa karanA caahie| nAma mile haiM, yathA kujA (pRthvI se utpanna), dakSajA (dakSa devyA rathayAtrA-paMcamI, saptamI, navamI, ekAdazI athavA se utpnn)| anya bhI aneka nAma haiM-kanyA, kumArI, tRtIyA tithi ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| rAjA ambikA, avarA, anantA, nityA, AryA, vijayA, Rddhi, loga IMToM yA pASANoM kA eka DhA~cA athavA mandira satI, dakSiNA, piGgA, karburI, bhrAmarI, koTarI, karNamuktA, Adi banAkara usameM devI kI pratimA padharAte the| phira padmalAMchanA, sarvamaGgalA, zAkambharI, zivadUtI, siMhasthA / suvarNasUtroM, hAthodA~toM tathA ghaNTiyoM kI bandanavAra se tapasyA karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma aparNA tathA kAtyAsaje hue ratha ke madhya bhAga meM mUrti ko sthApita kara apane yanI hai| use bhUtanAyakI, gaNanAyakI tathA kAmAkSI yA prAsAda kI ora zobhAyAtrA ke rUpa meM le jAte the| kAmAkhyA bhI kahate haiN| usake bhayaGkara rUpa ke aura bhI sampUrNa nagara, makAna, daravAje, sundara prakAra se sajAye aneka nAma hai-bhadrakAlI, bhImAdevI, cAmuNDA, mahAjAte the| rAtri ko dIpa prajvalita kiye jAte the| isa kAlI, mahAmArI, mahAsurI, mAtaGgI, rAjasI, raktadantI prakAra ke AcaraNa se sukha, vaibhava, Rddhi, siddhi tathA Adi / de0 'durgA' tathA 'caNDI' / santati kA lAbha hotA hai, aisA loga vizvAsa karate the| devI upaniSad--eka zAkta upaniSad / yaha atharvaziras devI-'deva' zabda kA strIliGga 'devI' hai| devatAoM kI upaniSad ke pA~ca bhAgoM meM se antima hai| taraha aneka deviyoM kI sattA mAnI gayI hai / zAktamata kA devI upapurANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM se pacIsavA~ sthAna pracAra hone para zakti ke aneka rUpoM kI abhivyakti deviyoM devI upapurANa kA hai| isa purANa meM zakti kA mAhAtmya ke rUpoM meM pracalita hotI calI gyii| darzAyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata aura purANoM meM devI ke vividha nAmoM aura devIpATana-~-yaha eka zAkta tIrtha hai / pUrvI uttara pradeza meM

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332 devIbhAgavata-daha balarAmapura se 14 mIla uttara goMDA jile meM devIpATana hI vaidika stavana haiM / vaidika zAktajana siddha karate haiM ki sthAna hai| yahA~ pATezvarI devI kA mandira hai| kahA jAtA dasoM upaniSadoM meM dasoM mahAvidyAoM kA hI varNana hai / isa hai ki mahArAja vikramAditya ne yahA~ para devI kI sthApanA prakAra zAktamata kA AdhAra bhI zruti hI siddha hotA hai / kI thii| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki karNa ne parazurAmajI devIstuti-prAcIna itihAsagrantha mahAbhArata aura rAmAse yahIM brahmAstra prApta kiyA thaa| navarAtra ke dinoM meM yahA~ yaNa meM devI kI stutiyA~ haiN| isI prakAra adbhatarAmAbhArI melA lagatA hai| yaNa meM akhila vizva kI jananI sItAjI kA parAtpara devIbhAgavata-zrImadbhAgavata aura devIbhAgavata ke sambandha zakti vAlA rUpa pratyakSa karAte hue bahuta sundara stuti meM isa bAta kA vivAda hai ki ina donoM meM mahApurANa kI gayI hai| kauna sA hai ? viSaya ke mahattva kI dRSTi se prAyaH donoM devezvarAcArya-saMkSepazArIraka grantha ke racanAkAra aura hI samAna koTi ke pratIta hote haiN| zrImadbhAgavata meM zRMgerI maTha ke adhyakSa sarvajJAtmamuni ne apane guru kA viSNubhakti kA utkarSa hai aura devIbhAgavata meM parAzakti nAma devezvarAcArya likhA hai| TIkAkAra madhusudana saradurgA kA utkarSa dikhAyA gayA hai| donoM bhAgavatoM meM svatI evaM rAmatIrtha ne devezvarAcArya kA artha surezvarAcArya aThAraha-aThAraha hajAra zloka haiM aura bAraha hI skandha haiN| kiyA hai / kintu ina donoM ke kAla meM bahuta antara hai| devIbhAgavata ke pakSa meM yahI nirbalatA hai ki jina pramANoM se devopAsanA-devatAoM kI upAsanA hindU dharma kA eka usakA mahApurANatva pratipAdita hotA hai ve vacana upa viziSTa aMga hai| sAdhAraNatayA pratyeka hindU kisI na purANoM aura tantroM se uddhRta hote hai| udhara zrImad kisI iSTa devatA kI upAsanA athavA pUjA karatA hai / bhAgavata ke lie mahApurANa hI pramANa upasthita karate haiN| parantu hindU devakalpanA Izvara se bhinna nahIM hotii| de0 'devIbhAgavata upapurANa' / pratyeka deva athavA devatA Izvara kI kisI na kisI zakti devIbhAgavata upapurANa-zAktoM kA dhArmika-anuzAsana kA pratIka mAtra hai| isalie devopAsanA vAstava meM Izva ropAsanA hI hai| devatAoM kI mUrtiyA~ hotI hai parantu sambandhI grantha / kucha vidvAnoM ke matAnusAra yaha upapurANa hai| devopAsanA mUrtipUjA nahIM hai / mUrti to eka mAdhyama hai| devIbhaktoM kA kahanA hai ki yaha upapurANa nahIM hai, apitu isake dvArA devatA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| upAsanA mahApurANoM meM ise pA~cavA~ sthAna prApta hai / isakI racanA, kI pUrI arhatA usa samaya hotI hai jaba devatva kI pUrI aisA lagatA hai, bhAgavata purANa ke pazcAt tathA bhAgavatavyAkhyAkAra zrIdhara svAmI ( 1343 vi0 ) ke pahale anubhUti ke sAtha devatA kI arcanA kI jAtI hai : 'devo bhUtvA devaM yajet / huI thii| deza-aitareya brAhmaNa ke eka pariccheda evaM vAjasaneyI saMhitA devImAhAtmya--'harivaMza' kI do stutiyoM evaM mArkaNDeya meM isa zabda kA prayoga bahA~ pAyA jAtA hai jahA~ sarasvatI purANa ke eka khaNDa se gaThita yaha grantha devI ke zaktizAlI kI pA~ca sahAyaka nadiyoM ke nAma batAye gaye haiN| RcAkAryoM kA vivaraNa evaM unakI dainikI va vArSikI pUjA draSTA RSi ne sarasvatI ko madhyadeza meM sthita batAyA hai / vidhiyoM kA varNana upasthita karatA hai| isakA anya nAma madhyadeza kI bhaugolika sthitiyA~ yajurveda meM dI gayI haiM / 'caNDImAhAtmya' hai| manusmRti meM brahmAvarta, brahmarSideza, madhyadeza, AryAvarta devIyAmalatantra-zAkta paramparA kI vAmamArgI zAkhA kA eka Adi kA deza rUpa meM nirdeza hai| grantha / kazmIrA zada vidvAn Abhanavagupta eva kSamarAja dhArmika artha meM yajJIya bhami athavA dhArmika kSetra ko ne devIyAmala tathA anya tantroM se apane granthoM meM pracura deza kahA jAtA hai| uddharaNa diye haiM / ye donoM vidvAn 943 vi0 ke lagabhaga dArzanika artha meM vaizeSika ke anusAra nava dravyoM meM se hae the, isalie devIyAmala tantra isase pahale kI 'deza' eka hai| isakA sAmAnya artha hai gati athavA prasAra / racanA hai| dehu-mahArASTra ke bhAgavata sampradAya meM viSNu kA nAma vahA~ devIsUkta-devyatharvazIrSa, devIsUkta aura zrIsUkta zakti ke kI bolI meM viTThala yA viThovA hai| isake mukhya kendra

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dohayAcArya-dramilAcArya (draviDAcArya) paNDharapura, AlandI evaM dehu haiM, yadyapi sAre pradeza meM bhAga- sAma kA racayitA kahA gayA hai / anukramaNI use eka batamandira bikhare par3e haiM / 'dehu' bhAgavata sampradAya ke RSi tathA Rgveda ke eka sUkta ( 8.96 ) kA racanAkAra pramukha tIrthoM meM se hai| batAtI hai| doDyAcArya-vedAntadezika veGkaTanAtha kI kRti 'zatadUSaNI' dyau-AkAzIya devaparivAra kI mAnyatA, jisakA adhiSThAna ke TokAkAra / 'caNDamAruta' Adi TIkAe~ unakI banAyI dyau' hai, bhAropIya kAla se Arambha hotI hai| 'dyauM' huI haiM / ve rAmAnuja saMpradAya ke anuyAyI aura appayya kI stuti Rgveda meM pRthvI ke sAtha 'dyAvApRthivI' dIkSita ke samasAmayika the / unakA kAla solahavIM ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| pRthvI se alaga 'dyau' kI eka zatAbdI kahA jA sakatA hai| vAdhUlakulabhUSaNa zrInivA- bhI stuti nahIM hai, jabaki pRthvI kI alaga eka stuti hai| sAcArya unake guru the| guru se zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt ina RcAoM meM dyo evaM pRthvI ko devatAoM ke pitAunheM 'mahAcArya' kI upAdhi milI / unakA janmasthAna mAtA kahA gayA hai ( 7.53,1) evaM ve satroM meM apane zoliGkara hai / vedAntAcArya ke prati unakI pragAr3ha bhakti bAlakoM ke sAtha Rta ke sthAna para AsIna hone ke lie thii| unake granthoM ke nAma isa prakAra hai-caNDamAruta, AmaMtrita kiye jAte hai / ve svargIya parivAra ke ghaTaka haiM advaitavidyAvijaya, parikaravijaya, pArAzaryavijaya, brahma- ( daivyajana, 7.53.2 ) / ve sUrya evaM vidyut rUpI vidyAvijaya, brahmasUtrabhASyopanyAsa, vedAntavijaya, sadvidyA- agni ke pitA haiM (pitarA, 7.53,2;1.160,3 yA vijaya aura upnissnmnggldiipikaa| mAtarA, 1.159,3 evaM 1.160,2) / pitA-mAtA dolotsava-yaha utsava bhinna-bhinna tithiyoM meM bhinna-bhinna ke rUpa meM ve sabhI jIvoM kI rakSA karate haiM tathA dhana, devatAoM ke lie manAyA jAtA hai / padmapurANa ( 4.80. kIrti evaM rAjya kA dAna karate haiN| Rgveda meM dyau kA 45-50 ) ke anusAra kaliyuga meM phAlguna mAsa kI catu- jo citra aGkita hai usake anusAra pitA dyau premapUrvaka dazI ke dina AThaveM pahara athavA pUrNimA aura pratipadA ke mAtA pRthvI para jhukakara varSA ke rUpa meM apanA bIja dAna milana ke samaya yaha vratotsava manAyA jAtA hai / kRSNa karatA hai, jisake phalasvarUpa pRthivI phalavatI hotI hai / bhagavAn ko jhUle meM dakSiNAbhimukha baiThe hue dekhakara manuSya Rgveda (6.70,1-5 ) meM varSA kI upamA madhu evaM pApoM ke saMghAta se mukta ho jAtA hai / caitra zukla tRtIyA dugdha se dI gayI hai| gaurI ke dolotsava kA dina hai| rAmacandrajI kA bhI drapsa-Rgveda evaM paravartI granthoM meM drapsa kA artha 'ghuTa' dolotsava manAyA jAtA hai| hai / sAyaNa ke anusAra isakA artha 'moTI bUMda' hai jisakA mathurA, vRndAvana, ayodhyA, dvArakA tathA kucha anya pratiloma zabda 'stoka' hai / isa prakAra prAyaH 'dadhidrapsa' sthAnoM meM bhagavAn rAma aura kRSNa kA dolotsava samAroha kA ullekha AtA hai / isakA prayoga taittirIya saMhitA ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai| ( 3.3,91 ) meM 'soma kI moTI bUMda' ke rUpa meM hai| dvacaNuka-vaizeSika darzana kA aNavAdI siddhAnta hai, usake do sandarbho meM, rAtha ke vicAra se isakA artha dhvaja hai anusAra sRSTi ke Arambha meM paramANu kriyAzIla hote haiM jabaki golDanara isakA artha dhUla lagAte haiN| maiksamUlara aura eka-dUsare se milane lagate hai / do paramANuoM ke ne eka pariccheda meM isakA artha 'varSA kI ba~da' lagAyA hai| milane se eka vyaNuka banatA hai tathA tIna ghaNuka milakara dravya--vaizeSika matAnusAra nava dravya hai-pRthvI, jala, eka tryaNuka banAte haiM / yahI padArtha kI laghutama ikAI hai| agni, vAyu, AkAza, kAla, dik, AtmA (asaMkhya) dyutAna mAruta-marut ke vaMzaja eka devatA kA nAma / evaM mana / inhIM se milakara saMsAra ke sAre padArtha vAjasaneyI saMhitA ( 5.27 ) evaM taittirIya saMhitA banate haiN| ( 5.5,9,4) meM usake AmantraNa karane kA ullekha miLAcArya ( draviDAcArya )-eka prAcIna vedAntI / inhoMhai / kAThaka sahitA meM bhI usakA ullekha AyA hai / zata- ne chAndogya upaniSad para ati bRhad bhASya likhA thA / patha brAhmaNa ( 3.6,1,16 ) meM usake nAma kA artha bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad para bhI inakA bhASya thA, aisA vAya hai, jabaki paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ( 6.1,7) meM use pramANa milatA hai| mANDUkyopaniSad ke (2.32;

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334 2.20 ) bhASya meM zaGkara ne inakA 'Agamavid' kahakara ullekha kiyA hai aura bRhadAraNyaka ( pR0 297, pUnA saM0 ) bhASya meM unako 'sampradAyavid' kahA hai / zaMkara ne jahA~ bhI vidyAcArya kA ullekha karanA Avazyaka samajhA vahA~ sammAna ke sAtha kiyA hai| unake mata kA khaNDana bhI nahIM kiyA gayA hai / isase pratIta hotA hai ki draviDAcArya kA siddhAnta unake pratikUla nahIM thA chAndogya upaniSad meM jo 'tasvamasi' mahAvAkya kA prasaMga AyA hai, usakI vyAkhyA meM vicArya ne 'vyAdhasaMhitA' se rAjaputra kI AkhyAyikA kA varNana kiyA hai| isa para Anandagiri kahate haiM ki "tattvamasyAdivAkya advaita kA samarthaka hai " yaha mata AcArya draviDa ko aGgIkRta hai / rAmAnuja sampradAya ke granthoM meM bhI vidyAcArya nAmaka eka prAcIna AcArya kA ullekha milatA hai / kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki ye draviDAcArya zaGkarokta draviDAcArya se bhinna the| inhoMne pAJcarAtrasiddhAnta kA avalambana karake vibhASA meM grantha racanA kI thii| yAmunAcArya ke 'siddhi traya' meM inhIM AcArya ke viSaya meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki "bhagavatA bAdarAyaNena idamarthameva sUtrANi praNItAni, vivRtAni ca ....... bhASyakRtA / " yahA~ para 'bhASyakRt' zabda se draviDAcArya kA hI ullekha hai| kisI kisI kA mata hai ki draviDasaMhitAkAra AlavAra zaThakopa athavA vakulAbharaNa bhI vaizyava pratyoM meM vivArya nAma se prasiddha haiN| ina donoM 'draviDoM' kI paraspara bhinnatA ke sambandha meM aba taka koI siddhAnta nahIM sthira ho sakA hai / sarvajJAtmamuni ne 'saMkSepazArIraka' meM ( 3.221 ) brahmanandigrantha ke draviDabhAgya se jina vacanoM ko uta kiyA hai, ve rAmAnuja dvArA uddhRta draviDabhASyavacanoM se abhinna dIkha par3ate haiM / isIlie kisI-kisI ke mata se zara sampradAya meM prasiddha draviDAcArya aura rAmAnuja sampra dAya meM prasiddha draviDAcArya eka hI vyakti haiM, bhinna nahIM / drAkSAbhakSaNa - drAkSAoM (aMgUra) kA Azvina mAsa meM pahalepahala sevana drAkSAbhakSaNa utsava kahalAtA hai / kRtyaratnAkara ( pR0 303 304) purANa ko uddhRta karate hue kahatA brahmapurANa hai ki jisa samaya samudramanthana huA usa samaya kSIrasAgara se eka sundarI kanyA prakaTa huI, kintu zIghra hI vaha latA meM parivartita ho gyii| usa samaya devagaNa pUchane lage ki are, yaha kauna hai ? hama loga prasannatApUrvaka ise dekheMge drAkSAbhakSaNa-dra pada ( hanta ! drakSyAmahe vayam ) aura usI samaya unhoMne latA ko 'drAkSA' nAma se sambodhita kiyaa| yahI isa zabda kI prasiddha vyutpatti hai jaba aMgUra paripakva hoM usa samaya puSpoM, sugandhita dravyoM tathA khAdya padArthoM se latA kA pUjana karanA caahie| pUjanoparAnta do bAlaka tathA do vRddha puruSoM kA sammAna kiyA jAnA caahie| anta me nRtya tathA gAna kA anuSThAna vihita hai / DrAmiDa-vedAntasUtroM para inakA bhASya thA de0 'draviDA cArya' / / drAviDabhAvya zivajJAnayogI dvArA racita drAviDabhASya eka bRhad grantha hai, jo tamila bhASA meM hai aura 'zivajJAnabodha' para likhA gayA hai / isa grantha ko 'drAviDamahAbhASya' bhI kahate haiM / drAviDa baMda-nammAlavAra ke grantha vedoM ke pratinidhi mAne jAte haiM / inakI sUcI nimnAMkita hai : (1) tiruviruttama Rgveda (2) tiruvoyamoli sAmaveda (3) tiruvAziriyama yajurveda (4) periyatisvanyAdi atharvaveda uparyukta cAroM grantha 'drAviDa veda' kahe jAte hai| brahmAyaNIta sUtra sAmavedIya cAra zrautasUtroM meM se tIsarA lATyAyanazrautasUtra se isakA bheda bahuta thor3A hai / yaha sUtra sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya zAkhA se sambandha rakhatA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'vasiSThasUtra' he madhya svAmI ne isakA bhASya likhA hai| rudraskanda svAmI ne 'ogAvasArasaMgraha' nAmaka nivandha meM usa bhASya kA aura pariSkAra kiyA hai| dhanvI ne isa para chAndogyasutradIpa nAma kI vRtti likhI hai / dra - yaha eka kASThapAtra kA nAma hai, jisakA upayoga vizeSa kara somayajJoM (09.1,2,65,6.98, 2) meM hotA thaa| taittirIyabrAhmaNa meM isakA prayoga kevala 'kASTha' ke artha meM huA hai| pada - ( 1 ) kASThastambha athavA stambha mAtra ke artha meM Rk ( 1.24, 13:4,32,23) tathA paravartI granthoM meM (a0 0 6.63,5:115,2;19.47,9 vA0saM0 20.20) bahudhA yaha prayukta hai / isa prakAra yajJayUpoM (stambhoM ) ko bhI drupada kahate the| zunaHzeSa aise hI tIna dupadoM se bA~dhA gayA yA kucha udAharaNoM meM coroM ko daNDa dene ke lie aise hI stambhoM meM bA~dha diyA jAtA thA / ,

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droNa-dvArakA 335 (2) mahAbhArata ke anusAra paJcAla deza ke rAjA kA bhojana kA vidhAna hai / kRSNapakSa kI saptamI ko bhI upavAsa nAma drupada thA, jisakI putrI draupadI thii| yaha mahAbhArata Adi karanA puNyakArI hai| ke pramukha pAtroM meM hai| dvAdazIvrata-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI ko prArambha droNa-lakar3I kI nAMda, jisakA upayoga vizeSa kara somarasa hotA hai aura eka varSa taka athavA jIvana paryanta calatA rakhane ke pAtra ke rUpa meM (Rk0 9.3,1;15,728,4; hai| isameM ekAdazI ko upavAsa tathA dvAdazI ko viSNu 30,4,67,14) batalAyA gayA hai / lar3akI ke bRhat pAtra kA puSpAdi ke upacAra sahita pUjana hotA hai| aisA ko droNakalaza (ta0 saM0 3.2,1,2; vAja0 saM0 18.21; vizvAsa hai ki yadi eka varSa taka isa vrata kA AcaraNa 19.27; ai0 brA0 7.17,32; zata0 brA0 1.6,3,16 kiyA jAya to pApoM se zuddhi hotI hai| yadi jIvana paryanta Adi) kahA jAtA thaa| yajJavedI kabhI-kabhI droNakalaza kii| isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA jAya to manuSya zvetadvIpa prApta AkRti kI banAyI jAtI thii| karatA hai / yadi kRSNa tathA zukla donoM pakSoM kI dvAdaziyoM dvAdazamAsarbhavata-kArtikI pUrNimA (kRttikA nakSatra yukta) ko vratAcaraNa kiyA jAya to svarga kI upalabdhi hotI hai| ko isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai / isameM narasiMha bhagavAn yadi jIvanaparyanta isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA jAya to ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| mRgazirA nakSatrayukta mArgazIrSa viSNuloka ko prApti hotI hai| kI pUrNimA ko bhagavAna rAma kA pUjana honA caahie| dvAdazalakSaNI-mImAMsA zAstra meM yajJoM kA vistRta vivecana puSya nakSatrayukta pauSa kI pUrNimA ko balarAmajI kA pUjana hai, isa kAraNa ise 'yajJavidyA' bhI kahate haiN| bAraha karanA cAhie / maghA nakSatrayukta mAghI pUrNimA ko varAha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hone ke kAraNa yaha pUrvamImAMsA zAstra bhagavAn kA pUjana, phAlgunI nakSatroM se yukta phAlgunapUrNimA 'dvAdazalakSaNI' bhI kahalAtA hai| ko nara tathA nArAyaNa kA pUjana aura isa prakAra se anya dvAdazastotra--madhvAcArya racita yaha eka stotra grantha kA pUrNimAoM ko anya devoM kA zrAvaNI pUrNimA taka pUjana nAma hai| honA caahie| dvApara-caturyugI kA tIsarA yug| isakA zAbdika artha hai dvAdazasaptamIvrata-caitra zukla saptamI ko prArambha kara pratyeka vicAradvandva' athavA 'duvidhaa'| isa yuga ke anta meM mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI saptamI ke dina varSa bhara bhagavAn aneka dvandva athavA saMgharSa-sAmAjika, rAjanItika, sUrya kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM evaM SaDakSara mantra 'oM namaH dhArmika, dArzanika, vaicArika Adi utpanna ho gaye the| sUryAya' se pUjana honA cAhie / isa vrata ke anuSThAna se yugapuruSa bhagavAn kRSNa ne unakA samAdhAna zrImadaneka gambhIra rogoM, jaise kuSTha, jalodara tathA raktAmAzaya bhagavadgItA meM prastuta kiyaa| de0 kRtayuga' / se mukti milatI hai tathA susvAsthya prApta ho jAtA hai| dvArakA-yaha bhArata kI sAta pavitra puriyoM meM se hai, jinakI dvAdazAdityavrata-mArgazIrSa zakla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA sUcI nimnAMkita hai : Arambha hotA hai| isameM dvAdaza AdityoM (dhAtA, mitra, ayodhyA mathurA mAyA kAzI kAJcI avantikA / aryamA, pUSA, zakra, varuNa, bhaga, tvaSTA, vivasvAn, savitA purI dvAravatI caiva saptatA mokSadAyikAH / / tathA viSNu) kA pUjana hotA hai / vrata ke anta meM suvarNa kA bhagavAn kRSNa ke jIvana se sambandha hone ke kAraNa dAna vihita hai / isase savitRloka kI upalabdhi isakA vizeSa mahattva hai| mahAbhArata ke varNanAnusAra kRSNa hotI hai| kA janma mathurA meM kaMsa tathA dUsare daityoM ke vadha ke lie dvAdazAhasaptamI-yaha vrata mAgha zukla saptamI ko prArambha huA / isa kArya ko pUrA karane ke pazcAt ve dvArakA hotA hai| eka varSa taka saptamI ko upavAsa tathA bhagavAn (kAThiyAvAr3a) cale gaye / Aja bhI gujarAta meM smArta DhaMga kI sUrya ke bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se pUjana kA vidhAna hai| mAgha kRSNabhakti pracalita hai| yahA~ ke do prasiddha mandira 'raNameM varuNa nAma se, phAlguna meM tapana nAma se, caitra meM dhAtA chor3arAya' ke hai, arthAt usa vyakti se sambandhita hai jisane nAma se tathA isI prakAra se anya mAsoM meM vibhinna nAmoM RNa (karja) chur3A diyaa| isameM jarAsaMdha se bhaya se kRSNa se pUjana karanA cAhie / Ane vAlI aSTamI ko brAhmaNa- dvArA mathurA chor3akara dvArakA bhAga jAne kA artha bhI

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336 nihita hai| kintu vAstava meM 'boDhANA' bhakta kI prIti se kRSNa kA dvArakA se DAkaura cupake se calA AnA aura paMDoM ke prati bhakta kA RNa cukAnA - yaha bhAva saMnihita hai| ye donoM mandira DAkaura ( ahamadAbAda ke samIpa ) tathA dvArakA meM haiN| donoM meM vaidika niyamAnusAra hI yajanAdi kiye jAte haiM / tIrthayAtrA meM yahA~ Akara gopIcandana lagAnA aura cakrAGkita honA vizeSa mahattva kA samajhA jAtA hai / yaha Age calakara kRSNa ke netRtva meM yAdavoM kI rAjadhAnI ho gayI thI / yaha cAroM dhAmoM meM eka dhAma bhI hai / kRSNa ke antardhAna hone ke pazcAt prAcIna dvArakApurI samudra meM DUba gayI / kevala bhagavAn kA mandira samudra ne nahIM DubAyA / yaha nagarI saurASTra ( kAThiyAvAr3a) meM pazcimI samudrataTa para sthita hai / dvArakAnAtha (1) kRSNa kA eka svAmI' | mathurA se palAyana karane ke ne dvArakA apanI rAjadhAnI banAyI thI mukhya the ataH ve dvArakAnAtha kahalAye / dvArakAmaTha zaGkarAcArya bhAratavyApI dharmapracArayAtrA karate hue jaba gujarAta Aye to dvArakA meM eka maTha sthApita kara apane ziSya hastAmalakAcArya ko usake AcAryapada para baiThAyA | zRMgerI tathA dvArakA maThoM kA ziSyasampradAya 'bhAratI' ke upanAma se prasiddha hai / paryAya 'dvArakA ke bAda vRSNi yAdavoM kRSNa vRSNigaNa ke dvAra isa zabda kA prayoga kevala upamA ke rUpa meM aitareya brAhmaNa (1.30) meM huA hai, jahA~ viSNu ko devoM kA dvAra kahA gayA hai| chAndogya upaniSad (2.13, 6) meM bhI ' dvArapa' kA prayoga uparyukta upamAvAcaka artha meM huA hai| dvArakAnAtha dvIpavrata anusAra upanayana Adi saMskAra karane se manuSya dvija hotA hai janmanA jAyate zUdraH saMskArAd dvija ucyate / vedapAThAdbhaved vipraH brahmajJAnAc ca brAhmaNaH // [ manuSya janma ke samaya zUdra hotA hai, phira saMskAra karane se dvija kahalAtA hai / veda par3hane se vaha vipra aura brahma kA jJAnI hone se brAhmaNa hotA hai / ] dvitIyAbhadrAvrata - yaha vrata bhadrA yA viSTi nAmaka karaNa para Azrita hai, yaha mArgazIrSa zukla caturthI ko prArambha hotA hai| eka varSa taka bhadrA devI kI pUjA karane kA isameM vidhAna hai| isameM nimnAMkita mantra kA japa hotA hai bhadre bhadrAya bhadraM hi cariSye vratameva te / nirvighnaM kuru me devi ! kAryasiddhikha bhAvava // vratI ko bhadrA karaNa ke Arambha meM bhadrA devI kI lohamayI, pASANamayI, kASThamayI athavA rAgaraJjita pratimA sthApita kara pUjanI caahie| isake pariNAmasvarUpa manuSya kI manobhilASAe~ tathA karaNIya karma usa samaya bhI pUrNa hote haiM, jaba ki ve bhadrA kAla meM Arambha kiye gaye hoN| bhadrA athavA viSTi ko adhikAMza avasaroM para eka bhayAnaka vastu ke rUpa meM dekhA athavA samajhA jAtA hai / de0 smRtikaustubha 565-566 dila kArtika mAsa meM do baloM vAle dhAnya bhojana ke lie niSiddha haiM, jaise arahara (tUra), rAjikA, mASa ( ur3ada), mudga, masUra, canA tathA kulittha inakA bhojana meM parityAga 'dila' kahalAtA hai| de0 nirNayasindhu 104105 // dvirASADha - viSNu bhagavAn ASADha zukla ekAdazI ko zayana karate haiM yaha prasiddha hai| jaba sUrya mithuna rAzi para hoM aura adhika mAsa ke rUpa meM usa samaya do ASAr3ha hoM taba viSNu dvitIya ASADha ke anta vAlI ekAdazI ke uparAnta hI zayana kreNge| de0 jImUtavAhana kA kAlaviveka, 169173 nirNayasindhu 192 samayamakha 83 // dvIpaprata caitra zukla se Arambha kara pratyeka mAsa meM sAta dina vratI ko sapta dvIpoM kA kramazaH pUjana karanA cAhie / krama yaha hogA - ( 1 ) jambU, (2) zAka, (3) kuza, (4) krauJca, (5) zAlmali, (6) gomeda aura (7) puSkara / yaha vrata eka varSa taka AcaraNIya hai| vratI ko eka zAma bhUmi para zayana karanA caahie| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai dvija - (1) prathama tIna varNoM kA eka viruda 'Dija' ( dvijanmA) hai, kintu yaha zabda vizeSa kara brAhmaNoM ke lie prayukta huA hai / atharvaveda ( 19.71, 1 ) ke eka aspaSTa varNana ko chor3akara isakA prayoga vaidika sAhitya meM nahIM huA hai| dharmasUtra aura smRtiyoM meM isakA pracura prayoga huA hai| isakA zAbdika artha hai 'do janma vAlA' arthAt aisA vyakti jisake do janma hote haiM: (1) zArIrika aura (2) jJAnamaya zArIrika janma mAtA-pitA se hotA hai| aura jJAnamaya janma guru athavA AcArya se / smRtiyoM ke

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isa dhanyavata athavA dhanyapratipadAvata ki varSa ke anta meM rajata, phala Adi vastuoM ke dAna se svarga kI prApti hotI hai| dvaitavAdarAyaNa ke pUrva hI vedAnta ke aneka AcAyoM ne AtmA evaM brahma ke sambandha meM apane mata prakAzita kiye the| inameM se tIna siddhAnta prasiddha haita advaita aura dvaitAdvaita ( bhedAbheda ) / dvaitamata ke saMsthApaka auDulomi haiM / unake matAnusAra AtmA vahA se bilkula bhinna hai, jaba taka ki vaha mokSa prApta kara brahma meM vilIna nahIM ho jAtA / vedAnta ke atirikta sAMkhya, nyAya aura vaizeSika darzanoM meM AtmA ko prakRti athavA brahma se svatantra tattva mAnA gayA hai aura isa prakAra dvaita athavA ta mata kA samarthana huA hai| dvaitAdvaitamata- yaha eka prakAra kA bhedAbhedavAda hI hai / isa ke anusAra ti bhI satya hai aura advaita bhI isa mata ke pradhAna AcArya nimbArka ho gaye haiN| brahmasUtra meM bhI dvaitAdvaitavAda tathA usake AcArya kA nAma milatA hai| dasavIM zatAbdI meM AcArya bhAskara ne bhedAbhedavAda ke anusAra vedAntasUtra kI vyAkhyA kI / yaha vyAkhyA brahmaparaka hai, ziva yA viSNuparaka nahIM gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM nimbArka svAmI ne brahmasUtra kI viSNuparaka vyAkhyA karake dvaitAdvaita mata athavA bhedAbhedavAda kI sthApanA kI / AcArya nimbArka ke matAnusAra brahma jIva aura jar3a arthAt cetana aura acetana se pRthak aura apRthak hai isa pRthaktva aura ayaktva ke Upara hI unakA darzana nirbhara hai / jIva aura jagat donoM brahma ke pariNAma haiM / jIva brahma se atyanta bhinna evaM abhinna hai / jagat bhI isI prakAra bhinna aura abhinna hai tAItavAda kA yahI sAra hai| tAItasiddhAntasekA sundarabhaTTa racita 'dvaitAdvaitasiddhAntasetukA' devAcArya racita vedAntavyAkhyA 'siddhAnta jAhnavI' kA bhASya hai / dha dhanatrayodazI kArtika kRSNa trayodazI kA eka nAma / vyApArI loga isa dina vANijya sAmagrI ko pariSkRta, susajjita kara dhana ke devatA kI pUjA kA tridinavyApI utsava Arambha karate haiM, naye-purAne Arthika varSa kA lekhA43 jokhA taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai aura isa dina nayI vastu kA kraya-vikraya zubha mAnA jAtA hai / Ayurveda ke devatA dhanvantari kA yaha janmadina hai, isalie cikitsaka vaidya loga Aja dhanvantarijayantI kA utsava manAte haiM / dhanapati 337 zaradigvijaya (mAdhavAcAryakRta) ke eka bhASyakAra the / dhanasaMkrAntiyata yaha saMkrAnti hai eka varSa paryanta calatA hai| isake sUrya devatA haiN| pratimAsa jalapUrNa kalaza, jisameM suvarNakhaNDa par3A ho, nimnAMkita mantra bolate hue dAna karanA cAhie : 'he sUrya ! prasIdatu bhavAn / ' vrata ke anta meM eka suvarNakamala tathA dhenU dAna meM denI caahie| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isase vratI janmajanmAntaroM taka sukha, samRddhi, susvAsthya tathA dIrghAyu prApta karatA hai| dhannA (dhanA ) - vaiSNavAcArya svAmI rAmAnanda ke kucha aise bhI ziSya ho gaye haiM, jinhoMne kisI sampradAya kI sthApanA yA pracAra nahIM kiyA, kintu kucha padaracanA kI hai| dhannA aise hI unake eka ziSya the / dhanAvAsivrata (1) zrAvaNa pUrNimA ke pazcAt pratipadA ko yaha vrata Arambha hotA hai, eka mAsa taka calatA hai, nIla kamaloM se viSNu tathA saMkarSaNa kI pUjA hotI hai / sAtha hI ghRta tathA sundara naivedya bhagavaccaraNoM meM arpita karanA caahie| bhAdrapada mAsa kI pUrNimA se tIna dina pUrva upavAsa rakhanA cAhie / vrata ke anta meM eka gau kA dAna vihita hai / - (2) isameM eka varSa paryanta bhagavAn vaidhavaNa (kubera) kI pUjA hotI hai / vizvAsa hai ki isake pariNAmasvarUpa apAra sampatti kI prApti hotI hai| dhanI dharmadAsa - madhyayugIna sudhAravAdI AndolanoM meM jina santa kaviyoM ne yogadAna kiyA hai, dhanI dharmadAsa unameM se eka haiM / inake race aneka pada pAye jAte haiM / dhanyavrata athavA dhanyapratipadAvrata - mArgazIrSa zukla pratipadA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / usa dina naka vrata karanA cAhie tathA viSNu bhagavAn kA (jinakA agni nAma bhI hai) rAtri ko pUjana karanA caahie| pratimA ke sammukha eka kuNDa meM havana kiyA jAtA hai|

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338 dhanurveda-dharaNIvrata tadanantara yAvaka tathA ghRtamizrita khAdya grahaNa karanA dhanuSkoTi-setubandha rAmezvaram kSetra kA eka tIrtha / hotA hai| isI prakAra kA AcaraNa kRSNa pakSa meM bhI dhanuSkoTi ke lie rela jAtI hai| yahA~ mIThe jala kA karanA cAhie / caitra se ATha mAsa taka isakA anuSThAna abhAva hai, chAyA bhI nahIM hai| yahA~ se jahAja cAra ghaMTe honA cAhie / vratAnta meM agni deva kI suvarNa kI pratimA meM laGkA pahu~ca jAte haiN| rela ke Dabbe jahAja para car3hA kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa vrata se durbhAgyazAlI vyakti diye jAte haiM, jo udhara utAra liye jAte haiN| isa antabhI sukhI, dhana-dhAnyAdi se samRddha tathA pApamukta ho jAtA hai| rIpa kA eka sirA baMgAla kI khAr3I tathA dUsarA sirA dhanurveda-madhusUdana sarasvatI ne apane grantha 'prasthAnabheda' meM mahodadhi kahalAtA hai| yahAM yAtrI snAna, zrAddha, piNDalikhA hai ki yajurveda kA upaveda dhanurveda hai, isameM cAra pAda dAna tathA svarNa ke bane dhanuSa kA dAna bhI karate haiN| yahA~ haiM, yaha vizvAmitra kA banAyA huA hai / pahalA dIkSA pAda 36 bAra snAna karane ko vidhi hai| hAtha meM bAla kA hai, dUsarA saMgraha pAda hai, tIsarA siddha pAda hai aura cauthaa| piNDa, kuza lekara kRtyA nAmaka dAnavI se samudrasnAna kI prayoga paad| pahale pAda meM dhanuSa kA lakSaNa aura anumati mAMgI jAtI hai / bAlU kA piNDa samudra meM DAlakara adhikArI kA nirUpaNa hai / jAna par3atA hai ki yahA~ dhanuSa snAna kiyA jAtA hai| zabda kA abhiprAya cAroM prakAra ke AyudhoM se hai, kyoMki dhanvantari-ye viSNu ke 24 avatAroM meM haiM aura samudraAge calakara Ayudha cAra prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM : (1) maMthana ke samaya amRtakumbha lekara utpanna hue the| dhanvamukta, (2) amukta, (3) muktAmukta, (4) yantramukta / mukta Ayudha cakrAdi haiN| amukta khaDgAdi haiM / muktAmukta likhA hai ki brahmA ne pahale-pahala eka lAkha zlokoM kA zalya aura usa taraha ke anya hathiyAra haiN| yantramukta Ayurveda zAstra prakAzita kiyA thA, jisameM eka sahasra bANa Adi haiM / mukta ko astra kahate haiM aura amukta ko adhyAya the| unase prajApati ne pddh'aa| prajApati se azvinIzastra / brAhma, vaiSNava, pAzupata, prAjApatya aura Agneya kumAroM ne par3hA, azvinIkumAroM se indra ne par3hA aura Adi bheda se nAnA prakAra ke Ayadha hai| sAdhidaivata aura indradeva se dhanvantari ne par3hA / dhanvantari se sunakara sazrata samantra caturvidha AyudhoM para jinakA adhikAra hai ve kSatriya- muni ne Ayurveda kI racanA kii| kAzI purI meM dhanvantari kumAra hote haiM aura unake anuvartI jo cAra prakAra ke nAmaka eka rAjA bhI hue haiM, jinhoMne Ayurveda kA acchA hote haiM ve padAti, rathI, gajArohI aura azvArohI haiN| pracAra kiyA thaa| ina saba bAtoM ke atirikta dIkSA, abhiSeka, zakUna aura dhanvI-eka bRttikAra kA nAma / sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya maGgala Adi sabhI kA prathama pAda meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| zAkhA se sambandhita drAhyAyaNa zrautasUtra athavA vasiSTha___AcArya kA lakSaNa aura saba taraha ke astra-zastrAdi sUtra para madhva svAmI ne bhASya racA hai / rudraskanda svAmI ke viSaya kA saMgraha dvitIya pAda meM dikhAyA gayA hai| ne isa bhASya kA 'audgAtrasArasaMgraha' nAma ke nibandha tIsare pAda meM guru aura vizeSa-vizeSa sAmpradAyika zastra, meM saMskAra kiyA hai| dhanvI ne isa para chAndogyasUtradIpa unakA abhyAsa, mantra, devatA aura siddhikaraNAdi vaNita nAmakA vRtti likhI hai| haiM / cauthe pAda meM devArcanA, abhyAsAdi aura siddha astra dharaNIdharatIrtha-yaha vaiSNava tIrtha hai aura alIgar3ha se 22 zastrAdi ke prayogoM kA nirUpaNa hai| mIla tathA mathurA se 18 mIla madhya meM avasthita hai| dhanuSa-Rgveda meM isakA ullekha aneka bAra huA hai| isakA vartamAna nAma vesavA~ hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yaha vaidika kAlIna bhAratIyoM kA yaha pramukha Ayudha rahA hai| pRthvI kA nAbhisthala hai / maharSi vizvAmitra ne yahA~ yajJa dAha kriyA meM antima kArya mRtaka ke dAyeM hAtha se dhanuSa kiyA thaa| sunA jAtA hai ki dharaNIdharakuNDa kI khudAI ko haTAyA jAnA hotA thaa| ke samaya bahuta-sI zAlagrAma zilAe~ nikalI thIM jisase dhanuSatIrtha-zrInagara (gar3havAla) meM jisa sthAna para alaka- avazya hI yaha prAcIna tIrthasthala siddha hotA hai| nandA dhanuSAkAra ho gayI hai vaha dhanuSatIrtha kahA jAtA dharaNIvata-kArtika zukla ekAdazI ko upavAsa karake isa hai / yahA~ snAna karanA puNyakAraka hai / vrata kA prArambha kiyA jAtA hai| isameM bhagavAn nArAyaNa

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varNA (dharanA)-dharma kA pUjana hotA hai / mUrti ke sammukha cAra kalaza sthApita [zruti, smRti, sadAcAra aura apane AtmA kA santoSa hote haiM jo mahAsAgaroM ke pratIka mAne gaye haiM / kalazoM ke yahI sAkSAt dharma ke cAra lakSaNa (pahacAna, kasauTI) kendra meM nArAyaNa kI pratimA sthApita karanI caahie| kahe gaye haiN| ] prAcIna bhAratIya ina cAroM ko dharmAnukUla rAtri meM jAgaraNa karanA caahie| isa vrata kA AcaraNa mArga kA nidarzaka mAnate haiN| inameM se prathama do kisI na prajApati, aneka rAjA gaNa tathA pRthvI devI ne kiyA thA, kisI rUpAntara se sabhI dharmoM meM pramANa mAne jAte haiM / zeSa isIlie isa vrata kA nAma dharaNIvrata pdd'aa| do, sadAcAra aura AtmatuSTi ko sArA sabhya saMsAra dharNA ( dharanA)-anazana pUrvaka kisI uddezya kA Agraha pramANa mAnatA hai, parantu apanI paristhiti ke anukUla / karanA / kisI rAjAjJA ke virodha meM athavA kisI mahAn bhAratIya lokavarga meM bhI jahA~ zruti-smRti se virodha rahA uddezya kI siddhi ke lie loga 'dharNA' karate the| jaba hai, jaisA cArvAka sarIkhe nAstika AcAryoM kI pravRtti se koI brAhmaNa dharNA ke phalasvarUpa mara jAtA thA to vaha prakaTa hai, vahA~ jainoM kI taraha apanI-apanI zruti aura brahmarAkSasa (bhUtoM kI eka yoni) hotA thA aura usakI smRti kA pramANa grahaNa hotA rahA hai, usameM kevala sadAyajJAdi se pUjA kI jAtI thii| aisA hI eka brahma sasarAma ___cAra aura AtmatuSTi mUla meM rahe haiN| ke nikaTa cayanapura meM hai, nAma hai 'harSa brahma' yA harSa baabaa| smRtiyoM meM dharmopadeza kA sAdhAraNa krama yaha hai ki kahA jAtA hai ki ye kanaujiyA brAhmaNa the aura sAlivAhana pahale sAdhAraNa dharma varNana kiyA gayA hai, jise jagat ke nAmaka rAjA ke purohita the| rAnI unako pasanda nahIM saba manuSyoM ko nirvivAda rUpa se mAnanA ucita hai, jisake karatI thI, usane rAjA se yaha kahakara ki yaha brAhmaNa pAlana se manuSyasamAja kI rakSA hotI hai| yaha dharma Apako rAjya se vaMcita karanA cAhatA hai, usakI bhUmi Astika aura nAstika donoM pakSoM ko mAnya hotA hai / Adi chinavA lii| use rAjA ne niSkAsita kara diyaa| phira samAja kI sthiti ke lie jIvana ke vividha phalataH brAhmaNa rAjabhavana ke sAmane dharNA karake marane ke vyApAroM aura avasthAoM ke anusAra varNoM aura AzramoM bAda brahma huaa| kyoMki tapasyA karake vaha marA thA, ke kartavyoM kA dharma rUpa se nirdeza kiyA jAtA hai / isako isalie pretayoni meM bhI bahata prabhAvazAlI mAnA viziSTa dharma kahate haiN| isa vibhAga meM bhI pratyeka varNa ke jAtA hai| bhinna-bhinna AzramoM meM praveza karane aura bane rahane ke dharma-kisI vastu kI vidhAyaka Antarika vRtti ko usakA / vidhi aura niSedha vAle niyama hote haiN| ina niyamoM kA dharma kahate haiM / pratyeka padArtha kA vyaktitva jisa vRtti para Arambha garbhAdhAna saMskAra se hotA hai aura anta antyeSTi nirbhara hai vahI usa padArtha kA dharma hai / dharma kI kamI se tathA zrAddhAdi se mAnA jAtA hai| thor3e-bahuta hera-phera ke usa padArtha kA kSaya hotA hai / dharma kI vRddhi se usa padArtha sAtha sAre bhArata meM ina saMskAroM ke niyama nivAhe jAte kI vRddhi hotI hai| bele ke phala kA eka dharma suvAsa hai, hai / saMyamI jIvana saMskAroM ko sampanna karatA hai aura usakI vRddhi usakI kalI kA vikAsa hai, usakI kamI se saMskAra kA phala hotA hai zarIra aura jIvAtmA kA phala kA hrAsa hai| dharma kI yaha kalpanA bhArata kI hI uttarottara vikAsa / dharma sanmArga kA pahalA upadeza hai, vizeSatA hai| vaizeSika darzana ne dharma kI bar3I sundara unnati ke lie niyama hai, saMyama usa upadeza vA niyama vaijJAnika paribhASA "yato'bhyudayaniHzreyasasiddhiH sa dharmaH" / kA pAlana hai, saMskAra una saMyamoM kA sAmUhika phala hai isa sUtra se kI hai| dharma vaha hai jisase ( isa jIvana aura kisI vizeSa deza-kAla aura nimitta meM vizeSa kA) abhyudaya aura ( bhAvI jIvana meM ) niHzreyasa kI prakAra kI unnata avasthA meM praveza karane kA dvAra hai| siddhi ho| parantu yaha paribhASA pariNAmAtmikA hai| saba saMskAroM kA antima pariNAma vyaktitva kA vikAsa isakI sAmAnya paribhASA yaha hai : hai| 'saMyama-saMskAra-vikAsa" athavA "saMyama-saMskAravedaH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / abhyudaya-nizreyasa" yaha dharmAnukUla karttavya kA kriyAtmaka etaccaturvidha prAhuH sAkSAddharmasya lakSaNam / / rUpa hai / ye sabhI milakara saMskRti kA itihAsa banAte haiM / (manu. 2.12) dharma yadi AtmA aura anAtmA kI vidhAyaka vRtti hai to

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340 dharmaghaTavAna-dharmazAstra saMskRti usakA kriyAtmaka rUpa hai; dharmAnukUla AcaraNa kA vaiSNavacihna kaNThI-tilaka Adi bhI dhAraNa karate rahe, jo ziSya santoM meM aba bhI pracalita haiN| dharma AtmA aura anAtmA kA, jIvAtmA aura zarIra / dharmaprApti vrata-ASAr3hI pUrNimA ke pazcAt pratipadA se yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai| dharma ke rUpa meM bhagavAn viSNu kA vidhAyaka hai; saMskAra hara jIvAtmA aura hara zarIra kA vikAsa karane vAlA hai| dharma vyakti kI taraha samAja kI pUjA eka mAsa taka hotI hai| mAsAnta meM pUrNimA sahita tIna dina taka upavAsa tathA suvarNa kA dAna kA bhI vidhAyaka hai : 'dharmo dhArayati prajAH' / saMskAra vihita hai| samAja kA vikAsa karane vAlA hai, use U~cA uThAne vAlA dharmarAja adhvarIndra-'vedAntaparibhASA' nAmaka lokapriya hai / doSa, pApa, duSkRta adharma haiN| inheM dUra karane kA sAdhana grantha ke praNetA / saprasiddha advaitavAdI grantharacayitA nasiMhAsaMskAra hai / ajJAna adharma hai, ise dUra karane vAle zikSAdi saMskAra haiN| bhArata meM dharma aura saMskRti kA aTUTa sambandha zrama svAmI unake parama guru the| nRsiMhAzrama svAmI ke rahA hai| ziSya veGkaTanAtha the aura veGkaTanAtha ke ziSya dharmarAja / nRsiMhAzrama solahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM vidyamAna the, dharma ke anya vargIkaraNa bhI pAye jAte haiM : nitya, isalie dharmarAja kA sthitikAla satrahavIM zatAbdI honA naimittika, kAmya, Apaddharma Adi / nitya vaha dhArmika sambhava hai| dharmarAja adhvarIndra ke granthoM meM vedAntaparibhASA kArya hai jisakA karanA anivArya hai aura jisake na karane pradhAna hai| yaha advaita siddhAnta kA atyanta upayogI se pApa hotA hai| naimittika dharma ko vizeSa avasaroM para prakaraNa grantha hai| isake Upara bahuta-sI TIkAe~ huI haiM / karanA Avazyaka hai| kAmyadharma vaha hai jo kisI vizeSa uddezya bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se isake aneka saMskaraNa prakAzita ho kI siddhi ke lie kiyA jAtA hai parantu jisake na karane cuke haiM / advaita vedAnta kA rahasya samajhane meM isakA adhyase koI doSa nahIM hotaa| Apaddharma vaha hai jo saMkaTa yana bahuta upayogI hai| isake sivA unhoMne gaGgezopAkI sthiti meM sAmAnya aura viziSTa dharma ko chor3akara dhyAya kRta 'tattvacintAmaNi' nAmaka navya nyAya ke grantha karanA par3atA hai| zAstra ke niyamAnukUla Apaddharma kA para 'tabhUSAmaNi' nAma kI TIkA bhI likhI hai| usameM pAlana karane se doSa nahIM hotA hai| pUrvavattinI dasa TIkAoM ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai / dharmaghaTadAna-caitra zukla pratipadA se prArambha kara cAra mAsa dharmarAjapUjA-isa vrata meM damanaka paudhe se dharma kA pUjana taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / jo puNyoM kA icchuka hotA hai / isake lie de0 'damanakapUjA / ' ho use prati dina vastra se AcchAdita, zItala jala se pari- dharmavrata-mArgazIrSa zukla dazamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA pUrNa kalaza kA dAna karanA caahie| hai| usa dina upavAsa karate hae dharma kA pUjana karanA dharmadAsa-kabIrapatha sampradAya ke zikSaka va patha pradarzaka caahie| ghI se havana kA vidhAna hai / eka varSa taka isakA kabIrapaMthI sAdhu hI hote haiN| ye sAdhu do sthAnoM ke anuSThAna hotA hai| vrata ke anta meM gAya kA dAna vihita hai| isase susvAsthya, dIrghAyu, yaza kI prApti tathA pApoM mahantoM se zAsita hote haiN| eka kI gaddI kabIracaurA maTha ( vArANasI, u0 pra0) hai tathA dUsare kI chattIsagar3ha se chuTakArA hotA hai| dharmazAstra-sAdhAraNa bolacAla meM 'zruti' zabda se samasta (madhya prdesh)| kabIracaurA maTha vAle santa apanA prArambha vaidika sAhitya kA grahaNa hotA hai| isake sAtha vibhedamahAtmA suratagopAla se tathA chattIsagar3ha vAle 'dharmadAsa' nAmaka mahAtmA se mAnate hai| chattIsagar3ha (dakSiNa kosala) vAcaka 'smRti' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai jisase 'dharmazAstra' meM kabIrapantha ke prasAra kA zreya dharmadAsa ko hI prApta hai| kA bodha hotA hai| veda ke cAra upAGgoM meM se dharmazAstra eka hai| dharmazAstra vedAGgIya sUtragranthoM kA AnuSaGgika mahAtmA dharmadAsa pahale nimbArkIya vaiSNava the| kabIra vistAra hai| isa artha meM hI dharmasUtra dharmazAstra ke prAthake upadezoM se prabhAvita hokara inhoMne 'dharmadAsI zAkhA' mika aGga haiN| viziSTa artha meM smRti zabda se dharmazAstra kA pracArAtmaka netRtva grahaNa kara liyA, sAtha hI ve ke unhIM granthoM kA bodha hotA hai jinameM prajA ke lie

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dharmaSaSTho-dhAnyasaMkrAntivrata 341 ucita AcAra-vyavahAravyavasthA aura samAja ke zAsana rIya AraNyaka ( 5.4,33 ) meM dhavitra kI carcA huI ke nimitta nIti aura sadAcAra sambandhI niyama spaSTatA- hai| isakA artha yahA~ 'paMkhA' hai, jo camar3e kA banA hotA pUrvaka diyaM rahate haiN| dharmazAstra ke vividha staroM kI sUcI thA aura yajJAgni ko uddIpta karane ke lie isakA prayoga meM dharmasUtra, smRti, bhASya, nibandha Adi sammilita hai| hotA thaa| ma0 ma0 pANDuraGga vAmana kANe ne apane 'dharmazAstra ke dhAtrInavamI-kArtika zaklapakSa kI nvmii| isa dina A~vale itihAsa' (ji01 ) meM dharmazAstra ke antargata zuddha rAja- ke per3a kA brahmA ke rUpa meM pUjana hotA hai aura usake nIce nIti ke granthoM ( arthazAstra ) ko bhI sammilita kara baiThakara bhojana karane kA vidhAna hai / A~vale (Amalaka) kA liyA hai| eka nAma 'dhAtrI phala' hai| vizvAsa yaha hai ki cAhe mAtA dharmaSaSThI-Azvina kRSNa SaSThI ko isakA prArambha hotA bhale hI aprasanna ho jAya kintu AmalakI nahIM aprasanna hai| isameM dharmarAja kI pUjA vihita hai| hotii| usake daivIkaraNa ke AdhAra para yaha vrata pracadharmasUtra-'kalpa' vedAGga ke antargata satra grantha cAra prakAra lita huA hai| ke haiM, jinakA dhArmika tathA vyAvahArika jIvana meM bar3A dhAtrIvrata-phAlguna mAsa ke donoM pakSoM kI ekAdazI ko mahattva hai| ye haiM zrauta, gRhya, dharma tathA racanA viSayaka / isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM Amalaka ke phaloM dharmasUtra pA~ca haiM : (1) Apastamba, (2) hiraNyakezI, (3) se snAna kA vidhAna hai| de0 padmapurANa, 5.58.1.11 / baudhAyana, (4) gautama aura (5) vasiSTha / ye dharmasUtra yajJoM bhagavAn vAsudeva ko dhAtrIphala atyanta priya hai / isake kA varNana na kara AcAra-vyavahAra Adi kA varNana karate bhakSaNa se manuSya samasta pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / hai| dharmasUtroM meM dhArmika jIvana ke cAroM varNoM (brAhmaNa, dhAnyasaptaka-sAta prakAra ke dhAnyoM ke saMyoga ko 'dhAnyakSatriya, vaizya aura zUdra) tathA cAroM AzramoM (brahmacarya, saptaka' kahA gayA hai| inameM jau, gehU~, dhAna, tila, kaMga gRhastha, vAnaprastha evaM saMnyAsa) kA varNana hai| sAtha hI (bhayaprada bIja), zyAmAka tathA cInaka kI gaNanA hai / nimnalikhita vizeSa viSaya bhI haiM-rAjA, vyavahAra ke de0 hemAdri, 1.48 / kRtyaratnAkara, 70 ke anusAra cInaka niyama, aparAdha ke niyama, vivAha, uttarAdhikAra, antyeSTi ke sthAna para 'devadhAnya' kA ullekha hai| gobhilasmRti kriyAe~, tapasyA Adi / prArambha meM vizeSa dharmasUtroM kA (3.107) ke anusAra sAta dhAnyoM ke nAma bhinna hI haiM / prayoga apanI-apanI zAkhA ke lie hI kiyA jAtA thA, viSNupurANa, 1.6.21-22; vAyu, 8.150-152 tathA kintu pIche unameM se kucha sabhI dvijoM dvArA prayukta hone mArkaNDeya, 46.67-69 ( veMkaTezvara saMskaraNa ) ne satraha lage / AcArika vidhi kA mUla AdhAra hai varNavyavasthA ke dhAnyoM ke nAma ginAye haiM tathA vratarAja (pR0 17) ne anukUla karttavyapAlana / vyavahAra athavA aparAdha kI aThAraha dhAnya batalAye hai / dhArmika kAryoM ke lie ye dhAnya vidhiyoM para bhI isa varNavyavasthA kA prabhAva hai| vibhinna (anAja) pavitra mAne jAte haiN| vargoM ke lie bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke daNDa haiN| hiMsA ke dhAnyasaptamo-zukla pakSIya saptamI ko dhAnyasaptamI kahA aparAdhoM meM brAhmaNa kI apekSA itara varNa vAloM ko eka jAtA hai| isa tithi ko sUryapUjana, nakta paddhati kA anuhI prakAra ke aparAdha karane para kar3A daNDavidhAna hai| saraNa, sapta dhAnyoM tathA rasoI ke pAtra evaM namaka ke isake viparIta lobha ke aparAdhoM meM varNotkarSakrama se dAna kA vidhAna hai| isase vratI svayaM kI tathA sAta pIr3hiyoM brAhmaNa ke lie adhika kar3e daNDa kA vidhAna hai| taka kI rakSA kara letA hai| dharmAvAptivata-yaha vrata ASADhI pUrNimA ke uparAnta prati- dhAnyasaMkrAntivrata-donoM ayana divasoM athavA viSuva padA se prArambha hokara eka mAsa taka calatA hai / dharma ke divasoM ko isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai / eka varSa paryanta rUpa meM bhagavAna hari kA pUjana hotA hai| isase samasta isakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / kesara se aSTadala kamala kAmanAoM kI pUrti hotI hai| kI AkRti banAkara pratyeka dala kI, sUrya ke ATha nAmoM dhavitra-yajJAgni ko uddIpta karane kA upakaraNa (vyjn)| ko lekara, pUrvAbhimukha bar3hate hue stuti kI jAtI hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 14.1,3,30; 3,1,21 ) tathA taitti- isameM sUrya kA pUjana hotA hai, tadanantara eka prastha dhAnya

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342 dhAnA-dhUpa kisI brAhmaNa ko arpita kiyA jAtA hai ( isIlie hai| Rgveda ke dazama maNDala, 112.9 tathA 155.1 isakA nAma dhAnyasaMkrAnti hai)| pratimAsa isa vrata kI ke mantroM dvArA ubale hue tila tathA taMDuloM se homa karanA AvRtti honI caahie| caahie| dhAnA-isakA prayoga bahuvacana meM hI hotA hai| Rgveda dhArAvata-(1) samasta uttarAyaNa kAla meM isa vrata kA (1.16.20; 3.36, 3; 52,5; 6.29,4) tathA paravartI vidhAna hai / isameM dugdhAhAra vihita hai| pRthvI kI dhAtuvaidika sAhitya meM isakA 'anna ke dAnoM' ke artha meM pratimA kA dAna karanA caahie| isake rudra devatA haiN| ullekha huA hai / kabhI-kabhI ve bhUne jAte the (bhRjja) tathA / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI sIdhA rudraloka ko jAtA hai| niyamita rUpa se somarasa ke sAtha milAye jAte the| kRtyakalpataru ke anusAra yaha saMvatsaravrata hai| hemAdri ghAmavrata-dhAma kA artha hai gRha / isameM gRha kA dAna hotA ise phuTakara vratoM meM ginate haiN| hai isalie isako dhAmavrata kahate haiN| sUrya isakA devatA hai / (2) caitra ke prArambha meM hI isa vrata kA Arambha hotA isa vrata meM phAlguna kI pUrNamAsI ko prArambha karake tIna hai| isameM bhagavannAma ke sAtha jala kI dhArA muMha meM dina upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| isake uparAnta eka girAyI jAtI hai / eka varSa taka isake anuSThAna kA sundara gRha kA dAna denA caahie| isase dAnI kA sUrya- vidhAna hai| vratAnta meM naye jalapAtra kA dAna karanA loka meM vAsa hotA hai| cAhie / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI parAdhInatA se mukta dhAra (dhArA)-madhya pradeza kA prAcIna nagara aura tIrtha hokara sukha tathA aneka varadAna prApta karatA hai| sthAna / yaha itihAsaprasiddha bhojarAja kI dhArA nagarI dhiSaNA-soma taiyAra karane meM prayukta koI pAtra tathA svataH hai| yahA~ bahata se prAcIna dhvaMsAvazeSa pAye jAte haiN| sUkhe hue soma kA bhI paryAya / eka upamA dvArA yaha kahA jAtA hai, guru gorakhanAtha ke ziSya rAjA gopIcanda kI dvivAcI zabda do loka 'AkAza evaM bhUmi' kA vAcaka rAjadhAnI bhI dhArA hI thii| yahA~ jaina mandira bhI haiM, hai / hilabraNTa ke matAnusAra isakA vyaktivAcI artha pRthvI, pArzvanAthajI kI svarNamati hai| hindU mandira bhI bahuta dvivAcI artha AkAza tathA pRthvI aura trivAcI bahubacana se haiM / meM isakA artha pRthvI, vAyumaNDala evaM AkAza hai| kucha paricchedoM meM isakA artha 'vedo' haiM / vAjasaneyI (7.26) bhoja paramAra ke samaya yahA~ eka prasiddha 'sarasvatI evaM taittirIya (3.1,10,1) saMhitAeM isakA artha 'lakar3I mandira' kA nirmANa huA thaa| isakA muslima AkramaNa kA cikanA paTarA' (phalaka) vyakta karatI haiM jisa para soma kAriyoM ne masjida meM parivartana kara diyaa| mandira kA ko kuTA jAtA thA (adhissvnnphlke)| pizela ke matAabhilekha Aja bhI surakSita hai| bhoja ke samaya isakI nusAra 'dhiSaNA' aditi evaM pRthvI kI taraha dhana kI bar3I khyAti thii| unake divaMgata hone para yaha zrIhIna ho gayI : devI hai| 'adya dhArA nirAdhArA nirAlambA srsvtii| dho-isakA prayoga Rgveda (1.3, 5, 135, 5, 151, paNDitA khaNDitA sarve bhojarAje divaM gate / ' 6,185; 6.2.3; 8,40, 5) meM prArthanA yA stuti ke dhAraNapAraNavatodyApana-cAturmAsya kI ekAdazI athavA rUpa meM huA hai / eka kavi apane ko aisI hI eka stuti varSA ke prathama mAsa athavA antima mAsa meM isa vrata kA (R0 2.28,5) kA bunakara racayitA kahatA hai| 'dhI' Arambha hotA hai| upavAsa (dhAraNa) prathama mAsa meM tathA kI bhI devatA ke rUpa meM kalpanA kI gayI hai| pAraNa (bhojana ) dUsare mAsa meM karane kA vidhAna hai| manu ke kahe hue dharma ke dasa lakSaNoM meM eka 'dhI' bhI bhagavAn nArAyaNa tathA lakSmIjI kI pratimAoM ko eka hai| isakA sAmAnya artha hai tarka, buddhi / jalapUrNa kalaza para virAjamAna karake rAtri ke samaya ghoti-Rgveda ke aneka paricchedoM meM isakA prAyaH vahI unakA caraNAmata lenA cAhie / puSpa, tulasIdalAdi artha hai jo 'dhI' (stuti) kA hai| se pUjana tathA 'oM namo nArAyaNAya' nAmaka mantra kA dhUpa-eka sugandhita kASTha evaM grandhadravyoM kA mizraNa / 108 bAra japa karanA caahie| arghya dene kA vidhAna pUjA ke SoDazopacAroM meM isakI gaNanA hai| devArcana meM

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dhUmaketu-dhenuvrata 343 dhUmadAna (dhUpa jalAnA) eka Avazyaka upacAra hai / bhaviSya- ko samAna sammAna dekara milAne vAlA hai, cAroM vargoM purANa meM kucha sugandhita padArthoM ke sammizraNa se nirmita kA, aura vizeSa kara zadroM kA tyauhAra hai| dhUpoM kA ullekha hai, yathA amRta, ananta, yakSa, dhUpa, vijaya dhRtarASTra-(1) eka sarpa-daitya, jisakA pitRbodhaka nAma dhUpa, prAjApatya Adi / isake sAtha-sAtha dasa bhAgoM airAvata ( irAvanta kA vaMzaja) hai jisakA ullekha (dazAMga) kI dhUpa kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / kRtyakalpataru atharvaveda (1.10,29) tathA paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM huA hai ke anusAra vijaya nAmaka dhUpa ATha bhAgoM se banatI hai| (25.15,3) / isakA zAbdika artha hai 'jisakA rASTra bhaviSyapurANa (1,68,28-29 ) ke anusAra vijaya sarva- dRr3hatA se sthira ho athavA jisane rASTra ko dRDhatA se zreSTha dhUpa hai, jAtI sarvottama puSpa, kesara sarvottama suga 14 pusa, kasara savAttama suga- pakar3A ho|' ndhita dravya, rakta candana sarvottama pralepa, modaka arthAt (2) mahAbhArata ke eka pramukha pAtra, duryodhana Adi laDaDa sarvottama miSTAnna hai| dhapa ko makkhiyoM tathA pissuoM kauravoM ke pitaa| ye pANDu ke bhAI the| kintu pANDu ko naSTa karane vAlI eka rAmabANa auSadha ke rUpa meM ke kSaya roga se mRta hone ke kAraNa pANDavoM kI avayauddhRta kiyA gayA hai, (garuDapurANa, 1,177,88-89) / dhUpa skatA meM ye hI rAjA bne| inake putra duryodhana Adi ke vistRta vivaraNa ke lie dekhie kRtyaratnAkara, 77-78; pANDavoM ko rAjya lauTAne ke pakSa meM nahIM the| isIlie smRticintA0, 1,203 tathA 2,4,65 / bANa bhaTTa kI mahAbhArata yuddha huaa| dhRtarASTra aura saJjaya ke saMvAda ke kAdambarI (prathama bhAga, anuccheda 52) meM kathana hai ki rUpa meM zrImadbhagavadgItA kA praNayana huA hai, jo mahAbhagavatI caNDikA ke mandira meM gaggala kI paryApta mAtrA bhArata kA eka aMga hai| se yukta dhUpa jalAyI gayI thii| pativrata-isa vrata meM zivajI kI pratimA ko paMcAmRta meM dhUmaketu-atharvaveda ( 19.9,10 ) meM dhUmaketu mRtyu kA eka pratidina snAna karAyA jAtA hai| paMcAmRta meM dadhi, viruda varNita hai / jimara isakA artha ulkA lagAte haiM jo dugdha, ghRta, madhu, ganne ke rasa athavA zarkarA kA mizraNa hviTane ke mata meM asambhava hai| lainamana isase citA ke hotA hai / eka varSa taka yaha vrata calatA hai / vratAnta meM eka dhuA~ kA artha karate haiM / jyotiSa granthoM ke anusAra yaha dhenu kA paJcAmRta tathA zaMkha sahita dAna karanA caahie| pucchala tAre kA nAma hai| yaha saMvatsaravata hai / isase bhagavAn ziva kA loka prApta dhUmAvatI-tantrazAstra ke anusAra dasa mahAvidyAoM meM se hotA hai / de0 kRtyakalpataru, 444; hemAdri, 2.865 meM eka dhamAvatI haiN| ye vidhavA kahalAtI haiN| matiyoM meM pAThabheda hai| isake anusAra ziva athavA viSNu kI inakA isI rUpa meM aGkana huA hai| pratimA ko snAna karAnA cAhie, isase ziva athavA dhUrtasvAmI-Apastamba sUtra ke eka bhaassykaar| inhoMne viSNu-loka prApta hotA hai| baudhAyana zrautasUtra kA bhI bhASya likhA hai| dhenu-dhenu kA artha Rgveda (1.32,9 sahavatsA) tathA ghaliganvana-holikA dahana ke dUsare dina caitra kI pratipadA paravartI sAhitya (a0 ve0 5.17, 18,7,104, 10:0 ko holikAbhasma kA vandana hotA hai, jise dhUlivandana saM0 2.6,2,3; maitrAyaNI saM0 4.4,8; vAjasa0 saM0 kahate haiM / isa dina zvapaca (cANDAla) taka se gale milane 18,27; zata0 brA0 2.2,121 Adi) meM 'dUdha dene vAlI kI prathA hai| loga raGga khelate haiM, AmramajarI kA gAya' hai / isakA puruSavAcaka zabda vRSabha hai / dhenu kA prAzana karate haiM, paraspara bhojana karAte haiM, gAnA-bajAnA, artha kevala strI hai| sampattisaMgraha aura dAna donoM meM utsava, nAca Adi hotA hai| bhalI bhA~ti se manoraJjana dhenu kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| ke upAya kiye jAte haiN| gAliyA~ bakane aura madya sevana dhenuvrata--jisa samaya gau vatsa ko janma de rahI ho usa kI kuprathA bhI cala par3I thI, jo aba sudhArakoM ke prabhAva samaya prabhUta mAtrA meM svarNa evaM usa gau kA dAna kare / se kama ho calI hai| holI aura phAga meM varSoM ke vaira ko vratI yadi usa dina kevala dugdhAhAra kare to uccatama loka jalA dete haiM, dhUla meM ur3A dete haiM / yaha tyauhAra saba vargoM ko prApta karake mokSa ko prApta ho jAtA hai /

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344 dhaivara-nakula dhaivara-dhaivara kA artha machuvA athavA eka jAti kA sadasya kA yaha pradhAna cihna hai / uparyukta donoM uddharaNoM meM bANoM hai (dhIvara kA vaMzaja) / dhaivara kA ullekha yajurveda (vAja0 ke chUTane tathA dhvaja para girane kA varNana hai / saM0 30.16; tai0 brA0 3.4,15, 1) ke puruSamedha prakaraNa (2) devatAoM ke cihna (nizAna) artha meM bhI dhvaja kA meM uddhRta balipazu kI sUcI meM hai| prayoga hotA hai / prAyaH unake vAhana hI dhvajoM para pratidhautapApa (hatyAharaNa)-naimiSAraNya kSetra kA eka tIrtha / / SThita hote haiM, yathA viSNu kA garuDadhvaja, sUrya kA aruNanaimiSAraNya-miSarikha se eka yojana (lagabhaga ATha mIla) dhvaja, kAma kA makaradhvaja Adi / para yaha tIrtha gomatI ke kinAre hai| yahA~ snAna karane se dhvajanavamI-pauSa zukla navamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna vajanI samasta pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM, aisA purANoM meM varNana milatA kiyA jAtA hai / isa tithi ko 'sambarau' kahA jAtA hai| hai / jyeSTha zukla dazamI, rAmanavamI tathA kArtikI pUrNimA isameM caNDikA devI kA pUjana hotA hai jo siMhavAhinI ko yahA~ melA lagatA hai| haiM evaM kumArI ke rUpa meM dhvaja ko dhAraNa karatI haiN| dhyAnabadarI-uttarAkhaNDa kA eka vaiSNava tIrtha / helaMga mAlatI ke puSpa tathA anya upacAroM ke sAtha rAjA ko sthAna se sar3aka chor3akara bAyIM ora alakanandA ko pula se bhagavatI caNDikA ke mandira meM dhvajArohaNa karanA caahie| pAra karake eka mArga jAtA hai / isa mArga se chaH mIla jAne isameM kanyAoM ko bhojana karAne kA vidhAna hai| svayaM para kalpezvara mandira AtA hai, jo 'paJca kedAroM' meM se upavAsa karane athavA ekabhakta rahane kI bhI vidhi hai| paJcama kedAra mAnA jAtA hai| yahI 'dhyAnabadarI' kA dhvAjavata-garur3a, tAlavRkSa, makara tathA hariNa bhagavAn mandira hai / isa sthAna kA nAma uragama hai| vAsUdeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna tathA aniruddha ke kramazaH dhvajadhyAnabindu upaniSad-yogasambandhita upaniSadoM meM se eka cihna hai / unake vastra tathA dhvajoM kA varNa kramazaH pIta, dhyAnabindu upaniSad bhI hai| yaha padya baddha hai tathA cUlikA nIla, zveta tathA rakta hai| isa vrata meM caitra, vaizAkha, upaniSad kI anugAminI hai| jyeSTha tathA ASAr3ha meM pratidina kramazaH garur3a Adi dhvajadhrava-(1) sUtra granthoM meM dhruva se usa tAre kA bodha hotA cihnoM kA ucita varNa ke vastroM tathA puSpoM se pUjana hotA hai jisakA prayoga vivAha saMskAra meM vadhU ko sthiratA ke hai| cauthe mAsa ke anta meM brAhmaNoM kA sammAna tathA ucita pratIka ke rUpa meM darzana karAne ke lie hotA hai / maitrAyaNI raMgoM se raMjita vastra pradAna kiye jAte haiN| cAra-cAra upaniSad meM dhruva kA calanA (dhruvasya pracalanam) uddhRta hai, mAsoM meM isa prakAra isa vrata kA tIna bAra anuSThAna kintu isakA 'dhruva tAre kI cAla' artha na hokara kisI kiyA jAtA hai| isake anuSThAna se vibhinna lokoM kI vizeSa ghaTanA se abhiprAya hai| prApti hotI hai / vratAcaraNa ke samaya ke hisAba se vratakartA (2) paurANika gAthAoM meM aitihAsika puruSa uttAna- kA lokoM meM nivAsa hotA hai| yadi kisI vyakti ne bAraha pAda ke putra dhruva se isa tAre kA sambandha jor3A gayA hai| varSa taka vrata kiyA ho to viSNu bhagavAn ke sAtha sAyujya bhagavAn viSNu ne apane bhakta dhruva ko sthAyI dhruvaloka / mukti prApta hotI hai| viSNudharma0, 3, 1461-14 meM ise pradAna kiyA thaa| catumUrtivata batalAyA hai, usI prakAra hemAdri, 2. 829dhravakSetra-eka tIrtha kA nAma, jo mathurA ke pAsa 831 meM bhii| yamunA ke taTa para sthita 'dhruva TIlA' kahalAtA hai / yahA~ nimbArka sampradAya kI eka gurugaddI hai|| nakula-(1) nakula (nevalA) kA ullekha atharvaveda (6.13. dhruvadAsa-rAdhAvallabhI vaiSNava sampradAya ke eka bhakta kavi, 9.5) meM sAMpa ko do Tukar3oM meM kATane aura phira jor3a jo 16vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM hae the| inake race aneka dene meM samartha jantu ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| isake sarpagrantha (vANiyA~) hai, jinameM 'jIvadazA' pradhAna hai| viSa nivAraNa ke jJAna kA bhI ullekha hai (Rgveda, 8.7, dhvaja-(1) Rgveda (7.85,2:10.103,11) meM yaha 23) / yajurvedasaMhitA meM isa prANI kA nAma azvamedhIya zabda patAkA ke artha meM do bAra AyA hai| vaidika yuddhoM balipazuoM kI tAlikA meM hai|

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nakulIzapAzupata-nakSatra 345 (2) pANDavoM meM se cauthe bhAI kA nAma nakula hai| para Azrita rahanA cAhie, tadanantara tilamizrita khAdya nakUlIza pAzapata-nakalIza zabda meM 'la' ko 'na' varNAdeza) padArthoM se vrata kI pAraNA eka varSa paryanta karanI cAhie / mAdhavAcArya (caudahavIM zatI vi0 kA pUrvArddha) apane 'sarva- naktavata-eka divArAtri kA vrata / usa tithi ko isakA AcadarzanasaMgraha' meM tIna zaiva sampradAyoM kA varNana karate haiM- raNa karanA cAhie jisa dina vaha tithi sampUrNa dina tathA nakulIza pAzupata, zaivasiddhAnta evaM pratyabhijJA / unake anu- rAtri meM vyApta rahe (nirNayAmRta, 16-17) / nakta kA sAra AcArya nakulIza zaGkara dvArA varNita pA~ca tattvoM kI tAtparya hai 'dina meM pUrNa upavAsa kintu rAtri meM bhojana / ' zikSA dete haiM-kArya, kAraNa, bhoga, vidhi tathA duHkhAnta, naktavrata eka mAsa, cAra mAsa athavA eka varSa taka bar3hAyA jaisA ki 'paJcArthavidyA' nAmaka grantha meM batalAyA gayA hai| jA sakatA hai| zrAvaNa se mAgha taka nakta vrata ke lie 'lakulin' kA artha hai jo lakula ( gadA ) dhAraNa karatA de0 liGgapurANa (1.83.3-54); eka varSa taka nakta vrata ho| purANAkhyAnoM ke anusAra ziva yogazakti se eka ke lie de0 nAradapurANa (2.2.43) / mRtaka meM praveza kara gaye tathA yaha unakA lakulIza avatAra nakSatra-nakSatroM kA vaidika yajJoM aura anya dhArmika kRtyoM ke khlaayaa| yaha ghaTanAsthala kAyAvarohaNa yA kArohaNa sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha hai, isalie jyotiSa zAstra ko ( kAyArohaNa ) kahalAtA hai jo gujarAta ke lATa pradeza vedAGga mAnA jAtA hai| nakSatra zabda kI utpatti aspaSTa meM hai| lakulI dvArA (jo sambhavataH prathama zatAbdI I0 meM hai| isake prAthamika artha ke bAre meM bhAratIya vidvAnoM paJcAdhyAyI ke racayitA the) sthApita siddhAntoM se hI para- ke vibhinna mata haiN| zatapatha brAhmaNa (2.1, 2,18-19) vartI 'zaivasiddhAnta' kA janma huaa| isakA viccheda 'na + kSatra' ( zaktihIna ) kara usakI vyAkhyA eka kathA ke AdhAra para karatA hai| nirukta . isa pradhAna zAkhA meM mAdhavAcArya ke matAnusAra ziva isakI utpatti nakSu (prApti karanA ) dhAtu se mAnatA hai ke sAtha jIvAtmA ke ekatva prApta karane kI sAdhanA kI aura isa prakAra taittirIya brAhmaNa kA anukaraNa karatA hai / jAtI hai / pavitra mantroccAraNa, dhyAna tathA sabhI karmoM se mukti dvArA pahale 'saMvid' (vedanA) prApta kI jAtI hai| oNphrekhTa tathA vebara ise 'nakta + tra' (rAtri ke saMrakSaka) se banA mAnate haiM tathA Adhunika loga 'nak + kSatra' sAdhaka yogAbhyAsa se phira aneka rUpa dhAraNa karane tathA zava se sandeza prApta karane kI zakti prApta karatA hai / gIta, (rAtri ke Upara adhikAra) isakA artha karate haiM, jo adhika mAnya lagatA hai aura isa prakAra isakA vAstavika nRtya, hAsya, prema sambandhI saMketoM ko jagAne, vimohitAvasthA meM bolane, rAkha lapeTane tathA mandiroM ke phUloM ko artha 'tArA' jJAta hotA hai / __ Rgveda ke sUktoM meM isakA prayoga 'tArA' ke rUpa meM dhAraNa karane evaM pavitra mantra 'hum' ke dIrgha uccAraNa se huA hai| paravartI saMhitAoM meM bhI isakA yahI artha hai, dhArmika bhakti bhAvanA jagAyI jAtI hai| kAlAmukhoM kI jahA~ sUrya aura nakSatra eka sAtha prayukta haiM, athavA sUrya, vidhi (AcAra) nakulIza pAzupata vidhi se milatI candra tathA nakSatra yA candra tathA nakSatra athavA nakSatra akele julatI hai| prayukta hai| kintu isakA artha kahIM bhI Avazyaka rUpa se nakkIradeva-inakA jIvanakAla pA~cavIM yA chaThI zatAbdI 'candrasthAna' nahIM hai| kintu Rgveda meM kama-se-kama tIna hai| isa kAla ke tamila zaivoM ke bAre meM bahuta hI kama nakSatra 'candrasthAna' ke artha meM prayukta haiN| tiSya kA jJAta huA hai / unakA koI sAhitya prApta nahIM hai / nakkIra prayoga candrasthAna ke rUpa meM nahIM jJAta hotA, kintu aghAoM deva tamila lekhaka the, jinhoMne kevala eka prasiddha grantha (bahabacana) tathA arjuniyoM (dvivacana ) ke sAtha isakA 'tirumuruttuppadai' likhA hai / yaha padya meM hai tathA 'murui' dUsarA hI artha hotA hai| ho sakatA hai ki yahA~ ve paravartI athavA 'subrahmaNya' nAmaka devatA ke sammAna meM racA 'candrasthAna' hoM jinheM madhA ( bahuvacana ) tathA phalgunI gayA hai| (dvivacana) kahA jAtA ho| nAmoM kA parivartana Rgveda meM naktacaturthI-mArgazIrSa zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA prArambha svataMtratA se huA hai| luDaviga tathA jimara ne Rgveda meM hotA hai, isake devatA vinAyaka hai| vratI ko nakta bhojana nakSatroM ke 27 sandarbha dekhe haiM, kintu yaha asaMbhava jAna

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346 nakSatra-tithi-vAra-graha-yogasambandhI vrata par3atA hai aura na to revatI (sampanna) tathA punarvasu (punaH zroNA yA zravaNa, zraviSThA yA dhaniSThA, zatabhiSak yA zatasampatti lAne vAlA) nAma hI, jo anya RcA meM pryukt| bhiSA, proSThapadA yA bhAdrapadA (pUrva evaM uttara), revatI, hai, nakSatrabodhaka haiN| azvayujau tathA apa (ava)bharaNI, bharaNI yA bharaNyA / nakSatra-candrasthAna ke rUpa meM paravartI saMhitAoM meM nakSatroM kA sthAna-vaidika sAhitya meM yaha kucha nizcita aneka paricchedoM meM candramA tathA nakSatra vaivAhika sUtra meM nahIM hai, kintu paravartI jyotiSa zAstra unakA nizcita bA~dhe gaye haiN| kAThaka tathA taittirIya saMhitA meM nakSatra- sthAna batalAtA hai| sthAnoM ke sAtha soma ke vivAha kI carcA hai, kintu usakA nakSatra tathA mAsa-brAhmaNoM meM nakSatroM se mAsa kI (soma kA) kevala rohiNI ke sAtha hI rahanA mAnA gayA tithiyoM kA bodha hotA hai / mahInoM ke nAma bhI nakSatroM ke hai| candrasthAnoM kI saMkhyA donoM saMhitAoM meM 27 nahIM nAma para bane haiM : phAlguna, caitra, vaizAkha, jyeSTha, ASAr3ha, kahI gayI hai| taittirIya meM 33 tathA kAThaka meM koI zrAvaNa, prauSThapada, Azvayuja, kArtika, mArgazIrSa, pauSa nizcita saMkhyA uddhRta nahIM hai / kintu tAlikA meM inakI (taiSya), mAgha / vAstava meM ye cAndra mAsa hI haiN| kintu saMkhyA 27 hI jAna par3atI hai. jaisA ki taittirIya saMhitA cAndra varSa kA vizeSa pracalana nahIM thaa| taittirIya brAhmaNa yA anya sthAnoM para kahA gayA hai / 28 kI saMkhyA acchI ke samaya se ina cAndra mAsoM ko sUryavarSa ke 12 mahInoM ke taraha pramANita nahIM hai / taittirIya brAhmaNoM meM 'abhijit' (jo 30 dina ke hote the) samAna mAnA jAne lagA thaa| navAgantuka hai, kintu maitrAyaNI saMhitA tathA atharvaveda kI nakSatrakalpa-atharvaveda ke eka zAntiprakaraNa kA nAma tAlikA meM ise mAnyatA prApta hai| sambhavataH 28 hI 'nakSatrakalpa' hai| isa kalpa meM pahale kRttikAdi nakSatroM kI prAcIna saMkhyA hai aura abhijit ko pIche tAlikA se alaga pUjA aura homa hotA hai / isake pazcAt adbhuta-mahAzAnti, kara diyA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha adhika uttara meM tathA ati niRtikarma aura amRta se lekara abhaya paryanta mahAzAnti manda jyoti kA tArA hai / sAtha hI 27 adhika mahattvapUrNa ke nimittabheda se tIna taraha ke karma kiye jAte haiN| saMkhyA ( 34343) bhI hai| dhyAna dene yogya hai ki cInI 'sIU' tathA arabI 'mAnAsika' (sthAna) saMkhyA meM nakSa nakSatrakalpasUtra-nakSatrakalpa ko hI nakSatrakalpasUtra bhI kahate 28 haiN| vebara ke mata se 27 bhArata kI ati prAcIna haiN| de0 'nakSatrakalpa' / nakSatra-saMkhyA hai| nakSatra-tithi-vAra-graha-yogasambandhI vrata-hemAdri ( 2.588saMkhyA kA yaha mAna taba sahaja hI samajha meM A jAtA 590, kAlottara se ) saMkSepa meM kucha vizeSa ( lagabhaga hai jaba hama yaha dekhate haiM ki mahIne (cAndra) meM 27 yA 16 ) pUjAoM kA ullekha karate haiM, jo kinhIM vizeSa 28 dina (adhikatara 27) hote the / lATyAyana tathA nidA- nakSatroM kA kinhIM vizeSa tithiyoM, saptAha ke vizeSa dinoM nasUtra meM mAsa meM 27 dina, 12 mAsa kA varSa tathA varSa ke sAtha yoga hone se kI jAtI haiN| unameM se kucha udAhamaiM 324 dina mAne gaye haiN| nAkSatra varSa meM eka mahInA raNa yahA~ diye jAte haiM : yadi ravivAra ko caturdazI ho aura jur3a jAne se 354 dina hote haiM / nidAnasUtra meM nakSatra tathA revatI nakSatra ho athavA aSTamI aura maghA nakSatra kA paricaya dete hue sUrya (sAvana) varSa meM 360 dinoM kA eka sAtha par3a jAya~ to manuSya ko bhagavAn ziva kI honA batAyA gayA hai, jisakA kAraNa sUrya kA pratyeka nakSatra ArAdhanA karanI cAhie tathA svayaM tilAnna khAnA ke lie 133 dina vyaya karanA hai (13 x 274360) / caahie| yaha Adityavrata hai, jisase vratI apane putra tathA nakSatroM ke nAma-kRttikA, rohiNI, magazIrSa yA maga- bandhu-bAndhavoM ke sAtha susvAsthya prApta karatA hai| yadi zirA, ArdrA, punarvasu, tiSya yA puSya, AzleSA, maghA, caturdazI ko rohiNI nakSatra ho, athavA aSTamI candra phAlgunI, phalgU yA phalgunya athavA phalgunyau (do nakSatra, sahita ho to vaha candravrata kahalAtA hai| usa dina pUrva evaM uttara), hasta, citrA, svAtI yA niSTyA, bhagavAn ziva kA pUjana kiyA jA sakatA hai| unheM naivedya vizAkhA, anurAdhA, rohiNI, jyeSThAgni yA jyeSThA, ke rUpa meM dugdha tathA dadhi arpita kiyA jAnA cAhie / vikRtau yA mUla, ASADhA (pUrva evaM uttara), abhijit, vratI svayaM bhI dugdhAhAra kre| usase use sukha, samRddhi,

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nakSatradarza-nagarakIrtana 347 svAsthya tathA santAnopalabdhi hotI hai| jaba guruvAra ko jinase unakI pUjA kI jAnI caahie| isase prApta hone revatI nakSatra ho aura caturdazI ho athavA aSTamI puSya vAle puNya evaM phaloM kI bhI carcA kI gayI hai| nakSatrayukta ho to yaha 'guruvrata' hotA hai / vratI ko guruvrata ke nakSatravAdAvalI-yaha appaya dIkSita dvArA racita vyAkaraNasamaya kapilA gau kA dUdha tathA brAhmI nAmaka oSadhi kA grantha hai / ise 'pANinitantranakSatravAdamAlA' bhI kahate haiM / rasa sevana karanA cAhie / isase manuSya vAgmI, zUra hotA yaha grantha kroDapatra ke samAna hai| isameM sattAIsa sandigdha hai| viSNudharmasUtra ( adhyAya 90.1-15) usa samaya ke viSayoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai / / kRtya batalAtA hai jaba mArgazIrSa mAsa se kArtika mAsa taka kI pUrNimAoM ko vahI nakSatra hoM jinake nAma se nakSatravidhivata-yaha vrata mRgazirA nakSatra ko prArambha hotA mAsArambha hotA hai / de0 dAnasAgara, pR0 622-626, jahA~ hai / isameM pArvatI ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| unake caraNoM viSNudharma0 ko uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| kI samAnatA mUla nakSatra se kI gayI hai| unakI goda kI rohiNI tathA azvinI se, unake ghuTanoM tathA anya nakSatradarza-yajurveda meM uddhata puruSamedha kI balisUcI meM avayavoM kI anya nakSatroM se tulanA kI gayI hai / pratyeka 'nakSatradarza' nAmaka eka jyotiSAcArya kA ullekha hai| nakSatra meM vratI kI upavAsa rakhanA caahie| usa nakSatra kI zatapathabrAhmaNa meM isa zabda se eka nakSatra ke cunAva samApti ke samaya vrata kI pAraNA kA vidhAna hai / pRthakkarane kA bodha hotA hai, jisameM suSupta yajJAgni ko punaH pRthak nakSatroM ko pRthak-pRthak bhojana brAhmaNoM ko karAnA jAgRta kiyA jAtA thA / caahie| devatAoM ko bhI vibhinna nakSatroM ke samaya nakSatrapuruSavrata-yaha vrata caitra mAsa meM Arambha hotA hai| bhinna-bhinna naivedya tathA puSpa arpita kiye jAne caahie| isameM bhagavAna vAsudeva kI pratimA ke pUjana karane kA isake phalasvarUpa vratI saundarya tathA saubhAgya upalabdha vidhAna hai| kucha nakSatra, jaise mUla, rohiNI, azvinI karatA hai| Adi kA sammAna karanA cAhie, jaba bhagavAn ke caraNa, nagarakIrtana-gAte-bajAte hae nagara meM dhArmika zobhAyAtrA jaMghA tathA ghuTanoM kA kramazaH pUjana kiyA jA rahA ho / karane ko nagarakIrtana kahA jAtA hai| mahAprabhu caitanya para isI prakAra bhagavAn ke vigraha ke kisa aGga ke sAtha madhva, nimbArka tathA viSNusvAmI ke matoM kA bar3A prabhAva kisa nakSatra kA nAmAllekha ho yaha bhI nizcita kiyA thA / ve jayadeva, caNDIdAsa, vidyApati ke gIta (bhajana) gayA hai / vratAnta meM bhagavAn hari kI pratimA ko gur3a se bhare bar3e prema se gAyA karate the| unhoMne mAdhva AcAryoM hue kalaza meM virAjamAna karake dAna meM denA caahie| se bhI Age bar3hakara vicAroM tathA pUjA meM rAdhA ko sthAna isake sAtha vastroM se AvRta palaMga bhI dAna meM denA diyaa| ve adhika samaya apane anuyAyiyoM ko sAtha caahie| vratI ko apanI sahadharmiNI kI dIrghAyu tathA lekara rAdhA-kRSNa kI stuti (kIrtana) karane meM bitAte cirasaMga ke lie bhagavAn se prArthanA karanI caahie| vratI ko cAhie ki taila tathA lavaNa rahita bhojana grahaNa kre| the| usameM (kIrtana meM ) ve bhaktibhAvanA kA aisA rasa milAte the ki zrotA bhAvavibhora ho jAte the / prAyaH ve nakSatrapUjAvidhi-isa vrata meM nakSatroM ke svAmiyoM ke rUpa kIrtaniyoM kI TolI ke sAtha bAhara sar3aka para paMkti bA~dhe meM devagaNa kA kaTI huI phasala se pUjana honA caahie| gAte hae nikala par3ate the tathA isa saMkIrtana ko nagaraazvinIkumAra, yama tathA agni kramazaH azvinI, bharaNI kIrtana kA rUpa dete the / isa vidhi kA unake mata ke prasAra tathA kRttikA nakSatroM ke svAmI haiN| inake pUjana se vratI meM bar3A yoga thaa| Aja bhI aneka bhakta maNDaliyA~ nagaradIrghAyu, svAtantrya, durghaTanAjanya mRtyu se mukti, sukha- kIrtana karatI dekhI jA sakatI hai / dUsare dhArmika sampradAya samRddhi prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai| de0 vAyupurANa, bhI apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra karane ke lie nagarakIrtana 80.1-39; hemAdri, 2.594-597; kRtyaratnAkara, 557- / kA sahArA lete haiN| ve bhajana gAte hue nagara kI sar3akoM 560 / uparyukta grantha nakSatroM ke svAmiyoM, una puSpoM para nikalate haiN| AryasamAja jaisA sudhAravAdI samAja tathA anyAnya sugandhita padArthoM kA ullekha karate haiM, bhI nagarakIrtana meM vizvAsa karatA hai|

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348 naciketA-nadIstuti naciketA-taittirIya brAhmaNa (3.2.8) kI prasiddha kathA meM sindhu aura bhAgIrathI kA pUjana karanA caahie| eka varSa use vAjazravasa kA putra tathA gotama (-gotraja) batAyA gayA taka isakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| prati mAsa sAta dina hai| kaThopaniSad (1.1) meM naciketA kA ullekha hai / isa taka yaha niyama anavarata calanA caahie| jala meM dUdha upaniSad meM use AruNi auhAlaki athavA vAjazravasa kA milAkara samarpaNa karanA cAhie tathA eka jalapAtra meM putra kahA gayA hai| kaThopaniSad vAlI naciketA kI kathA dUdha bharakara dAna karanA caahie| vratAnta meM phAlguna mAsa meM zreya aura preya ke bIca zreya kA mahattva sthApita kiyaa| meM brAhmaNa ko eka pala cA~dI dAna meM denI cAhie / gayA hai| de0 hemAdri, 2.462 : uddhRta karate hue viSNudharma, najanAcArya-vIrazaiva mata ke AcArya / inakA udbhava kAla 3.163, 1-7 ko; matsyapurANa, 121, 140-41; vAyu18vIM zatAbdI thaa| inhoMne 'vedasAravIrazaivacintAmaNi' purANa, 47.38-39 / uparyukta purANoM meM gaGgA kI sAta nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| dhArAoM ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| naDADurammala AcArya-varadAcArya athavA naDADurammala (2) hemAdri, 5.1.792 (viSNudharma0 se eka zloka AcArya varada guru ke pautra the| sudarzanAcArya ke guru tathA / __ uddhRta karate hue) ke anusAra sarasvatI nadI kI pUjA rAmAnujAcArya ke ziSya aura pautra jo varadAcArya yA karane se sAta prakAra ke jJAna prApta hote haiN| varada garu the, unhIM ke ye pautra the| ataeva inakA samaya nadostati-divya tathA pArthiva donoM jaloM ko Rgveda meM caudahavIM zatAbdI kahA jA sakatA hai| varadAcArya ne alaga nahIM kiyA gayA hai / donoM kI utpatti evaM vyApti 'tattvasAra' aura 'sArArthacatuSTaya' nAmaka do grantha race / eka-dUsare meM mAnI gayI hai| prasiddha 'nadIstuti' tatvasAra padya meM hai aura usameM upaniSadoM ke dharma tathA (Rgveda, 10.75) meM uttara pradeza, paMjAba aura aphadArzanika mata kA sArAMza diyA gayA hai| sArArthacatuSTaya gAnistAna kI nadiyoM kA ullekha hai / tAlikA gaGgA se viziSTAdvaitavAda kA grantha hai / isameM cAra adhyAya hai aura prArambha hotI hai evaM isakA anta sindha tathA usakI cAroM meM cAra viSayoM kI AlocanA hai| pahale meM svarUpa- dAhinI ora se milane vAlI sahAyaka nadiyoM se hotA jJAna, dUsare meM virodhI jJAna, tIsare meM zeSatva jJAna cauthe hai / sambhavataH isa RcA kI racanA gaGgA-yamunA ke madhya meM phalajJAna kI carcA hai| deza meM huI jahA~ Ajakala uttara pradeza kA sahAranapura jilA nadItrirAtravata-isa vrata kA anuSThAna usa samaya hotA hai hai| sarasvatI tathA sindhu do bhinna nadiyA~ haiN| paMjAba jaba ASAr3ha ke mahIne meM nadI meM pUrI bAr3ha ho / usa kI nadIpraNAlI kI sabase bar3I nadI sindhu kI prazaMsA samaya vratI ko cAhie ki eka kRSNa varNa ke kalaza meM usakI sahAyaka nadiyoM ke sAtha kI gayI hai| sindhu ko nadI kA jala bhara le aura ghara le Aye, dUsare dina prAtaH yahA~ eka rAjA tathA usakI sahAyaka nadiyoM ko usake nadI meM snAna kara usa kalaza kI pUjA kre| tIna dina donoM ora khar3e sainikoM ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai, jo vaha upavAsa kare athavA eka dina athavA eka samaya; eka unako AjJA detA hai| dIpa satata prajvalita rakhe, nadI kA nAmoccAraNa karate Rgveda kI tIna RcAoM meM akele sarasvatI kI hae varuNa devatA kA bhI nAma le tathA unheM adhya, phala stati hai, jise mAtA, nadI evaM devI ( asuryA ) kA tathA naivedya arpaNa kare, tadanantara bhagavAn govinda kI rUpa diyA gayA hai| kucha vidvAn sarasvatI-RcAoM prArthanA kare / isa vrata kA AcaraNa tIna varSa taka kiyA ko sindhu sambandhI batAte haiM, kintu yaha sambhava nahIM jAya / tadanantara gau Adi kA dAna karane kA vidhAna hai| hai| ise dhAtu kahA gayA hai, jisake kinAre senAdhyakSa isase sukha, saubhAgya tathA santAna kI prApti hotI hai| nivAsa karate the, jo zatruvinAzaka (pArAvatoM ke nadIvrata-(1) isa vrata ko caitra zukla meM prArambha karake nakta ghAtaka ) the| sarasvatI ke pUjane vAloM ko aparAdha paddhati se sAta dina AhAra karate hue sAta nadiyoM- kI dazA meM dUra deza ke kArAgAra meM jAne se chUTa hadinI (athavA nalinI), hlAdinI, pAvanI, sItA, ikSa, milatI thii| isake taTavartI RSiyoM ke AzramoM meM

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nadosnAna-nandAnavamIvrata 349 aneka RcAoM kI racanA huI tathA aneka yajJa hue| tithiyA~ haiM / nandA kA artha hai 'Anandita karane vAlI' / sarasvatI ko acchI RcAoM tathA acche vicAroM kI ina tithiyoM meM vrata karane se Ananda kI prApti hotI hai / preraNAdAyI samajhakara hI paravartI kAla meM ise jJAna evaM nandAdividhi-ravivAra ke bAraha nAma hai, yathA nanda, bhadra kalA kI devI mAnA gyaa| paMjAba kI dUsarI nadiyoM se ityAdi / mAgha mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI SaSThI ko par3ane sambandha sthApita karate hue ise 'sAta bahinoM vAlo' athavA vAlA ravivAra nanda hai| usa dina rAtri ko bhojana karanA sAtoM meM se eka kahA gayA hai| cAhie tathA sUrya kI pratimA ko ghI meM snAna karAkara pArthiva nadI hote hue bhI sarasvatI kI utpatti svarga usa para agasti puSpa car3Ane caahie| tadanantara brAhmaNoM se mAnI gayI hai / vaha parvata (svargIya samudra) se nikalatI ko gehU~ ke pue khilAne cAhie / hai| svargIya sindha hI usakI mAtA hai| use 'pAvIravI' nandAdivratavidhi-isa vrata kA prati ravivAra ko anuSThAna (sambhavataH vidyutputrI) bhI kahA gayA hai tathA AkAza ke ___ karanA cAhie / isameM vidhivat sUrya kI pUjA kA vidhAna mahAn parvata se usakA yajJa meM utaranA batAyA gayA hai| hai| vratI ko sUryagrahaNa ke avasara para upavAsa karate hue sarasvatI kI svargIya utpatti hI gaGgA kI svargIya mahAzvetA mantra kA japa karanA cAhie / tadanantara brAhmaNoM utpatti kI dRSTidAyaka hai| anta meM sarasvatI ko santAna ko bhojana karAnA caahie| sUryagrahaNa ke dina kiye gaye vAlI tathA utpatti kI sahAyaka kahA gayA hai / vadhrayazva snAna, dAna tathA japa ke ananta phala tathA puNya hote haiN| ko divodAsa kA dAna sarasvatI ne hI kiyA thaa| 'nadI nandAdevI-himAlaya meM gar3havAla jile ke badhANa paragane se stuti' sUkta se patA lagatA hai ki vaidika dharma kA pracAra IzAna koNa kI ora 'nandAdevI' parvatazikhara hai| yaha madhyadeza se paMjAba hote hue aphagAnistAna taka huA thaa| gaurIzaGkara ke bAda vizva kA sarvocca zikhara hai| nandA nadIstAna-nadI meM snAna karanA puNyadAyaka kRtya mAnA devI isameM virAjatI haiM / bhAdra zukla saptamI ko yahA~ kI gayA hai| pavitra nadiyoM ke snAna ke puNyoM ke lie (prati bArahaveM varSa) yAtrA hotI hai| isakA Ayojana de0 tithitattva, 62-64; puruSArthacintAmaNi, 144-145; gar3havAla kA rAjakuTumba karatA hai| nandarAya ke gRha meM gadAdharapaddhati, 609 / utpanna haI nandAdevI ne asuroM ko mArakara jisa kuNDa meM nandagA~va-vrajamaMDala kA prasiddha tIrtha / mathurA se yaha sthAna snAna kara saumyarUpatA pAyI thI, vaha yahA~ 'rUpakuNDa' 30 mIla dUra hai| yahA~ eka pahAr3I para nanda bAbA kA kahalAtA hai| saMprati isa kuNDa ke kucha rahasyoM kI khoja mandira hai| nIce pAmarIkuNDa nAmaka sarovara hai / yAtriyoM ke Thaharane ke lie dharmazAlA haiN| bhagavAn kRSNa ke nandAnavamIvrata-bhAdrapada kRSNa pakSa kI navamI (kRtyakalpapAlaka pitA se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa yaha sthAna tIrtha bana taru dvArA svIkRta) tathA zukla pakSa kI navamI (hemAdri gayA hai| dvArA svIkRta) nandA nAma se prasiddha haiN| varSa ko tIna nandapaNDita-viSNusmRti ke eka TIkAkAra / nandapaNDita bhAgoM meM vibhAjita karake tInoM bhAgoM meM varSa bhara bhagavatI ne viSNusmRti ko vaiSNava grantha mAnA hai, jo kisI vaiSNava durgA kI pUjA karanI caahie| saptamI ko ekabhakta (eka sampradAya, sambhavataH bhAgavatoM dvArA vyavahRta hotA samaya bhojana) tathA aSTamI ko upavAsa karanA cAhie / rahA hai| dUrvA ghAsa para bhagavAn ziva tathA durgA kI pratimAoM ko sthApita karake jAtI tathA kadamba ke puSpoM se unakA pUjana nandarAmadAsa-mahAbhArata ke prasiddha ba~galA anuvAdaka karanA cAhie / rAtri ko jAgaraNa tathA bhinna-bhinna prakAra kAzIrAmadAsa ke putra / kAzIrAmadAsa ke pIche unake putra . ke nATakAdi tathA 108 bAra nandAmantra (oM nandAya namaH) nandarAmadAsa sahita darjanoM nAma haiM, jinhoMne mahAbhArata ke ke japa karane kA vidhAna hai| navamI ke dina prAtaH anuvAda kI paramparA jArI rakhI thii| caNDikA devI kA pUjana karake kanyAoM ko bhojana karAnA nandA-pratipadA, pAThI tathA ekAdazI tithiyA~ nandA caahie|

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350 nandApadadvayavrata-namnAlavAra tithivrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM durgAjI kA pUjana karanA caahie| cha:-cha: mAsa ke varSa ke do bhAga karake pratyeka bhAga meM tIna dina upavAsa karate hue durgAjI ke pRthak-pRthak nAma lekara pRthak-pRthaka puSpoM se pUjana karane kA vidhAna hai| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI svarga prApta karatA hai aura svarga se lauTakara zaktizAlI rAjA banatA hai| nambApadadvayavrata-isa vrata meM bhagavatI durgA kI pUjA svarNapAdukAoM, AmrapallavoM, dUrvAdaloM, aSTakAoM tathA bilvapatroM se karanI cAhie / eka mAsa taka yaha anuSThAna calatA hai| pAdukAoM ko yA to kisI durgAjI ke bhakta ko dAna meM de denA cAhie athavA kanyA ko| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se bhakta samasta pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| nandAvata-zrAvaNa mAsa kI tRtIyA, caturthI, paMcamI, SaSThI, aSTamI, navamI, ekAdazI athavA pUrNimA ko vratArambha karanA cAhie / eka varSa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / vratI nakta paddhati se AhAra karatA rahe / bArahoM mahIne bhinna-bhinna puSpoM, naivedyoM tathA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se devI kI pUjA karanI caahie| japa kA mantra yaha hai 'om nande nandini sarvArthasAdhini namaH / ' sau bAra athavA sahasra bAra isakA japa karanA caahie| isase vratI samasta pApoM se vinirmukta hokara rAjapada prApta karatA hai| nandAsaptamI-mArgazIrSa zukla saptamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai / yaha tithivrata eka varSa paryanta calatA hai| varSa ke 4-4 mAsa ke tIna bhAga karake pratyeka bhAga meM pRthakpRthak puSpa, dhUpa, naivedyAdi se bhinna-bhinna nAma uccAraNa kara sUrya kA pUjana karanA cAhie / paJcamI ko ekabhakta, SaSThI ko nakta tathA saptamI ko upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| nandikozvara-eka vaiyAkaraNa kA nAma / 'mugdhabodha' nAmaka vyAkaraNa bopadeva dvArA racA gayA hai| baMgAla meM isakA pracAra hai| isakI bahuta-sI TIkAe~ haiM, jinameM se caudaha ke nAma milate haiN| 'kAzIzvara' aura 'nandikozvara' ne isa para apane-apane pariziSTa likhe haiM / nandikIzvara kA pariziSTa grantha bahuta lokapriya huaa| nandikezvara-vIrazaiva mata ke eka AcArya, jinakA prAdurbhAva aThArahavIM zatI meM huaa| inhoMne 'liGgadhAraNacandrikA' nAmaka pustaka banAyI, jo ardhaliGgAyata hai| nandikezvara upapurANa-prasiddha untIsa upapurANoM meM se eka 'nandikezvara upapurANa' bhI hai| nandigrAma-sAketa kSetra ke antargata vaiSNava tIrtha / ayodhyA se solaha mIla dakSiNa yaha sthAna hai| yahA~ zrI rAma ke vanavAsa ke samaya caudaha varSa kA samaya bharatajI ne tapasyA karate hae vyatIta kiyA thaa| yahA~ bharatakUNDa sarovara aura bharatajI kA mandira hai|| nandinInavamIvrata-mArgazIrSa zukla pakSa kI navamI ko isa nandI-divya (pavitra) pazuoM meM nandI kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| nandI baila ziva kA vAhana hai tathA dharma ke pratIka rUpa meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| zivamandiroM ke antarAla meM prAyaH nandI kI mUrti pratiSThita hotI hai| vAstava meM nandI (pazu) upAsaka kA pratIka hai| pratyeka upAsaka kA prakRtyA pazubhAva hotA hai| pazupati (ziva) kI kRpA se hI usake pAza (sAMsArika bandhana) kaTate haiM / anta meM vaha nandI (Anandayukta) bhAva ko prApta hotA hai / namaH zivAya-'paJcAkSara' nAmaka zaiva mantra / liGgAyata matAnusAra kisI liGgAyata ke zizu ke janma para pitA-mAtA guru ko bulAte haiN| guru bAlaka ke Upara zivaliGga bA~dhatA hai, zarIra para vibhUti lagAtA hai, rudrAkSa kI mAlA pahanAtA hai tathA ukta rahasyamaya mantra kI zikSA detA hai| zizu isa mantra kA jJAna grahaNa karane meM svayaM asamartha hotA hai| ataeva guru dvArA yaha mantra kevala usake kAna meM hI par3hA jAtA hai| nambi-ANDAra-nambi-ye mahAtmA vaiSNavAcArya nAthamuni tathA colavaMzIya rAjA rAjarAja (1042-1075 vi0) ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne tamila RcAoM (stutioM) ke tIna saMgrahoM ko eka meM saMkalita kara usakA nAma tevArAma (devArAma) arthAt 'daivI mAlA' rakhA tathA rAjarAja kI sahAyatA se ina padoM ko drAviDa saMgIta meM sthAna dilaayaa| nammAlavAra-bAraha tamila AlavAroM ke nAma vaiSNava bhaktoM meM ati prasiddha haiN| ye apane ArAdhyadeva kI mUrti ko A~khoM se dekhane meM hI Ananda lete the tathA apane stutigAna ke rUpa meM devamUrti ke sAmane use u~Delate the| ye stutigAna karate-karate kabhI Atmavibhora ho bhUmi para bhI gira jAte the / tirumaGga tathA nammAlavAra inameM sabase bar3e mAne gaye haiN| nammAlavAra to ati prasiddha haiM, ye AThavIM zatAbdI yA usake Asa-pAsa hue the| dUsare vidvAnoM ne nammAlavAra

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nayamaNi narabali kI vibhinna tithiyA~ batAyI haiN| drAviDa vedoM ke racayitA bhI nammAlavAra hI haiM / nayadhumaNi - viziSTAdvaita sampradAya kA eka prasiddha grantha tRtIya zrInivAsa (aThArahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha) ne apane granthoM meM viziSTAdvaita mata kA samarthana tathA anya matoM kA khaNDana kiyA hai| unake race granthoM meM 'nayamaNi' bhI eka hai / nayanAdevI - ambAlA se Age naMgala bA~dha hai, usase 12 mIla pahale Anandapura sAhaba sthAna hai / vahA~ se 10 mIla Age moTarabasa jAtI hai / phira 12 mIla paidala parvatIya car3hAI hai / yahA~ nayanA devI kA sthAna parvata para hai / yaha siddhapITha mAnA jAtA hai| zrAvaNa zukla pratipadA se navamI taka yahA~ melA lagatA hai / nayanAra - zaiva bhaktoM ko tamila meM nayanAra kahA jAtA hai / tamila zaivoM meM gAyaka bhaktoM kA vyaktivAcaka nAma hI prasiddha hai| ye vaiSNava AlavAroM ke hI samakakSa haiM, kintu inakI kucha vizeSa upAdhi nahIM hai| dUsare dhArmika netAoM ke samAna ye sAmUhika rUpa se 'nayanAra' kahalAte haiN| kintu jaba inake alaga dala kA bodha karAnA hotA hai to ye 'prasiddha tIna' kahe jAte haiN| / nayanAcArya - eka vaiSNava vedAntI AcArya inhoMne vedAntAcArya ke 'adhikaraNasArAvalI' nAmaka grantha kI TIkA likhI thI / AcArya varada guru inake hI ziSya the / narakapUrNimA- prati pUrNimA athavA mArgazIrSa kI pUrNimA ko batArambha karanA caahie| eka varSa taka isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| usa dina vratI upavAsa, bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA tathA unake nAma kA japa kare athavA bhagavAn viSNu ke kezaba se lekara dAmodara taka bAraha nAmoM kA mArgazIrSa se prArambha kara varSa ke vArahoM mAsa taka kramazaH japa karatA rhe| pratimAsa jalapUrNa kalaza, khar3AU~, chAtA tathA eka jor3I vastroM kA dAna kare / varSAnta meM itanA karane meM asamartha ho to kevala bhagavAn kA nAma le / isase usako sukha prApta hogA tathA mRtyu ke samaya bhagavAn hari kA nAma smaraNa rahegA, jisase sIdhA svarga prApta hogaa| nara-nArAyaNa - ( 1 ) manuSya (nara) aura nArAyaNa ( Izvara ) kI sanAtana jor3I ( yugma ) hI nara-nArAyaNa nAma se 351 abhihita hai / zvetAzvataropaniSad ( 4.6 ) meM donoM sakhArUpa se varNita haiM: dvA suparNA sayujA sakhAyA samAnaM vRkSaM paripapyajAte / tayoranya: pippalaM svAdvattyanaznannanyo'bhicAkazIti // [ do pakSI sAtha sAtha sakhAbhAva se eka hI vizvavRkSa kA Azraya lekara rahate haiM unameM se eka vRkSa ke phala khAtA ( aura bhogaphala pAtA ) hai; dUsarA kevaka sAkSI mAtra hai / ] isa rUpaka meM paramAtmA tathA AtmA ke sAyujya kA sanAtanatva varNita hai / ( 2 ) asamadezIya zAkta dharma ke itihAsa para dRSTipAta karane se patA calatA hai ki aneka logoM ne isa dharma ko choTI jAtiyoM yA samudAyoM se usa samaya grahaNa kiyA jaba asama kI ghATI pazcima meM koca tathA pUrva meM ahoma rAjAoM dvArA zAsita thii| kona rAjAoM meM se eka 'naranArAyaNa' thA jisakI mRtyu 1641 vi0 meM 50 varSa ke zAsana ke pazcAt huI / usake zAsana kAla meM kocoM kI zakti carama sImA para pahu~cI thii| isakA kAraNa thA usakA vIra bhAI silArAma, jo usakA senApati thA / naranArAyaNa svayaM namra tathA adhyayanazIla prakRti kA thA tathA hindU dharma ke pracAra meM bahuta yogadAna karatA thaa| anya rAjAoM kI bhA~ti vaha bhI zAkta thA tathA usane kAmAkhyA devI kA mandira phira se banavAyA, jo musalamAnoM dvArA naSTa kara diyA gayA thA / usane dhArmika kriyAoM ke pAlanArtha baGgAla se brAhmaNa bulAye / Aja bhI paravatiyA gusAMI ( navadvIpa kA eka brAhmaNa ) yahA~ kA pramukha pujArI hai| mandira meM naranArAyaNa tathA usake bhAI kI do prastara mUrtiyAM vartamAna haiN| nara-nArAyaNa Azrama-badarInAtha ke mandira ke pIche vAle parvata para nara-nArAyaNa nAmaka RRSiyoM kA Azrama hai| vizvAsa hai ki yahA~ nara-nArAyaNa vizrAma ( tapasyA ) karate haiM / narabali narabali athavA naramedha mUlataH eka pratIka athavA rUpaka thA / isa kA tAtparya thA manuSya ke ahaMkAra kA paramAtmA ke sammukha pUrNa smrpnn| jaba dharma durUha aura vikRta ho gayA aura AtmasaMyama ke badale dUsaroM ke mAdhyama se puNyaphala pAne kI paramparA calI to apane ahaMkAra ke damana ke badale mAnava dUsare manuSyoM aura pazuoM kI bali dene lgaa| madhya yuga meM yaha vikRti bar3hI huI dRSTigocara --

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352 naramedha-narasiMhapurANa hotI hai| purANoM evaM tantroM meM, jo madhyakAla ke prAra- narasiMha Agama-raudrika (zaiva ) AgamoM meM se eka 'narambhika caraNa meM race gaye, aneka sthAnoM para narabali kI siMha Agama' bhI hai| isakA dUsarA nAma 'zarvokta' yA carcA hai| yaha bali devI caNDikA ke lie dI jAtI 'savettira' bhI hai| thI / kAlikApurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki eka bAra nara- narasiMhacaturdazI-vaizAkha zukla caturdazI ko narasiMhacaturdazI bali dene se devI caNDikA eka hajAra varSa taka prasanna kahate haiM / yaha tithivrata hai| yadi usa dina svAtI nakSatra, rahatI haiM tathA tIna narabaliyoM se eka lAkha varSa taka / zanivAra, siddhi yoga tathA vaNija karaNa ho, to usakA mAlatImAdhava nATaka ke pA~caveM aMka meM bhavabhUti ne isa phala karoDagunA ho jAtA hai| bhagavAn narasiMha isake pUjA kA varNana bar3e rocaka DhaMga se upasthita kiyA hai, devatA haiM / hemAdri, 2.41-49 ( narasiMhapurANa se ) tathA jabaki aghorI (aghoraghaNTa) dvArA devI caNDikA ke kaI anya granthoM meM ise narasiMhajayantI kahA gayA hai, lie nAyikA kI bali dene kI ceSTA kI gayI thii| kyoMki isI dina bhagavAna narasiMha kA avatAra huA thA / yaha prathA kramazaH niSiddha ho gayI / narabali mRtyudaNDa usa dina svAtI nakSatra tathA sandhyA kAla thaa| yadi yaha kA aparAdha hai / phira bhI do cAra varSoM meM kahIM na kahIM trayodazI athavA pUrNimA se viddha ho to jisa dina sUryAsta se isakA samAcAra sunAI par3a jAtA hai| ko caturdazI ho vaha dina grAhya hai| varSakRtyadIpikA saMsAra ke kaI anya dezoM meM narabali aura narabhakSaNa kI (pR0 145-153 ) meM pUjA kA eka lambA vidhAna diyA prathAe~ aba taka pAyI jAtI rahI hai| huA hai| naramedha-isakA zAbdika artha hai vaha medha ( yajJa ) jisameM narasiMhatrayodazI-trayodazI ko par3anevAle guruvAra ke dina nara ( manuSya ) kI bali dI jAtI hai| brAhmaNa granthoM me isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isa dina madhyAhnottara isa yajJa kA varNana milatA hai| yaha eka rUpakAtmaka kAla meM bhagavAna narasiMha kI pratimA ko snAna karAkara prakriyA thI / dharma ke vikRta hone para yaha kabhI kabhI unakI pUjA karanI caahie| isameM upavAsa rakhanA yathArthavAdI rUpa bhI dhAraNa kara letI thii| kali meM kalivarya anivArya hai| ke antargata gomedha, naramedha Adi sabhI avAMchanIya kriyAe~ narasiMhadvAdazI-yaha vrata phAlguna kRSNa dvAdazI ke dina vajita haiM / de0 'narabali' / / manAyA jAtA hai / isa dina upavAsa karate hue nRsiMha bhaganaravaibodha-guru gorakhanAtha ke race granthoM meM se 'naravabodha' vAna kI pratimA kA pUjana karanA caahie| zveta vastra se bhI eka hai| nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA, kAzI ke khoja AvRta eka jalapUrNa kalaza sthApita karanA cAhie / isa vivaraNoM meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / isameM AdhyA- para bhagavAn nRsiMha ko svarNa, kASTha athavA bA~sa kI tmika bodha kA vivecana hai| pratimA padharAnI caahie| isI dina pUjanoparAnta usa narasAketa-mahAtmA caraNadAsa dvArA race gaye granthoM meM pratimA ko kisI brAhmaNa ko dAna meM denA caahie| de0 se eka 'nara sAketa' bhI hai| hemAdri, 1.1029-30, vArAhapurANa, 41.1-7 tathA 14narasiMha ( nRsiMha)-viSNu ke avatAroM meM se narasiMha athavA 16 se uddhRta / vArAhapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki yaha vrata nRsiMha cauthA avatAra hai| yaha mAnava aura siMha kA saMyukta zukla pakSa meM kiyA jAya; jabaki hemAdri, 1.1029 meM vigraha hai / yaha hiMsaka mAnava kA pratIka hai / duSTadalana meM kRSNa pakSa meM hI vrata kA vidhAna hai| yaha bheda kSetrIya jAna .hiMsA kA vyavahAra IzvarIya vidhAna meM hI hai ataH bhagavAn par3atA hai| viSNu ne bhI yaha avatAra dhAraNa kiyaa| isa avatAra kI narasiMhapurANa--untIsa upapurANoM meM yaha bhI eka hai| kathA bahuta pracalita hai| viSNu ne daitya hiraNyakazipu kA narasiMha mehatA (narasI)-gujarAta ke eka snt-kvi| sAre vadha karane tathA bhakta prahlAda ke rakSArtha yaha rUpa dhAraNa bhArata meM dhArmika bhAvoM ko vyakta karane kI AvazyakatA ne kiyA thaa| yaha kathA vaidika sAhitya tathA taittirIya subodha, sulalita aura manohara vAGmaya ko janma diyA / AraNyaka ( 10.1.6 ) meM bhI uddhRta hai| purANoM meM hRdaya ke U~ce-U~ce aura sUkSma se sUkSma bhAva aura buddhi ke to yaha vistAra se kahI gayI hai / de0 'avatAra' / sUkSma se sUkSma vicAra vyakta karane ke lie lokabhASAoM

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narasiMhASTamI-nalanaiSadha ko mahAtmAoM kI vANiyoM ne sudhArA aura sa~vArA / rAma inhIM se apane bAlapana meM rAmAyaNa kI kathA sunI thI, aura kRSNa, viTThala aura pANDuraMga ke guNagAna ke mAdhyama se jisakA praNayana svayaM unhoMne prauDhAvasthA meM kiyA / ina bhASAoM kI zabdazakti atyanta bar3ha gayI aura vimarza narahari-mANDUkyopaniSad ke eka bhASyakAra / kI abhivyakti para vaktA kA acchA adhikAra ho gyaa| naraharidAsa-de0 'nrhri'| dhIre-dhIre saMskRta kA sthAna prAdezika bhASAoM ne liyaa| narahari mAlu-mahArASTrIya bhakti sampradAya ke eka prasiddha vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM narasI ( narasiMha ) mehatA mahAtmA / yadyapi inake dvArA kahe gaye tukArAma sambandhI saurASTra deza meM hue, jinhoMne apane bhaktipUrNa evaM dArza- vRttAnta para pUrNatayA vizvAsa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, kintu nika padoM se gujarAtI kA bhaNDAra bhraa| ye jUnAgar3ha ke kucha marAThA lekhaka isakA anusaraNa karate haiM / narahari mAlu nivAsI the| inhoMne rAdhAkRSNa kI premalIlAviSa- 'bhaktikathAmRta' nAmaka grantha ke racayitA haiN| yaka tathA AtmasamarpaNa bhAva kI sundara padAvalI racI hai| narahariyAnanda-svAmI rAmAnandajI ke bAraha prasiddha ziSyoM narasiMhASTamI athavA narasiMhavata-rAjA, rAjakumAra athavA meM se narahariyAnanda eka haiM / inake bAre meM 'bhaktamAla' meM koI bhI vyakti jo zatru kA vinAza cAhatA ho, isa vrata bar3I rocaka kathA uddhRta hai / eka dina kucha sAdhu-santoM kA AcaraNa kare / aSTamI ke dina vaha akSata athavA puSpoM kA bhojana pakAne ke lie kulhAr3I lekara ye lakar3I juTAne se aSTadala kamala kI racanA kara usa para bhagavAn narasiMha cale / jaba kahIM lakar3I na milI to devI ke mandira kA kI pratimA virAjamAna kare, tatpazcAt usakA pUjana kare hI eka bhAga kulhAr3I se kATa DAlA / devI ne unase kahA tathA zrIvRkSa (bilva athavA pIpala ?) kI bhI pUjA kre| ki yadi tuma mandira ko naSTa na karo to maiM AvazyakatAde0 hemAdri, 1.876-880 (garuDapurANa se)| pUrti bhara kI lakar3I nitya diyA kruuNgii| devI tathA naranarasI mehatA-de0 'narasiMha mehtaa'| hariyAnanda kI yaha ghaTanA eka puruSa dekha rahA thaa| usane narasiMha yati-muNDakopaniSad ke eka TIkAkAra narasiMha kulhAr3I uThAyI aura vaha bhI devI se narahariyAnanda ke yati bhI haiN| samAna hI lakar3I prApta karane calA / jyoM hI usane mandira ke dvAra para kulhAr3I calAyI tabhI devI ne avatIrNa ho use narasiMhasampradAya-isa sampradAya ke viSaya meM adhika kucha Ahata kara diyaa| phira jaba gA~va ke loga use lene Aye jJAta nahIM hai / kintu madhyakAla taka narasiMha sampradAya praca to use maraNAsanna paayaa| devI ne use phira se jIvanadAna lita rahA / vijayanagara kI narasiMha kI eka prastara mUrti isa zarta para diyA ki vaha nitya narahariyAnanda ko lakar3I isa bAta ko puSTa karatI hai ki vijayanagara rAjya isa pahu~cAyA kregaa| sampradAya kA poSaka thA / paMjAba, kazmIra, mulatAna kSetroM narainA-yaha dAdUpantha kA eka pramukha kendra hai| dAdUpanthI bhI meM yaha sampradAya prAcIna kAla meM pracalita thaa| Aja __ mukhya rUpa se gRhastha evaM saMnyAsI do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiN| bhI aneka parivAra narasiMha avatAra kI hI pUjA-arcA gRhastha sevaka tathA saMnyAsI hI dAdUpanthI kahalAte haiN| karate haiM / 'narasiMha upapurANa' telugu meM 1300 I0 ke laga saMnyAsI pA~ca prakAra ke haiM--khAlasA, nAgA, uttarAr3I, bhaga anuvAdita huA thaa| isa sampradAya ke AdhAragrantha virakta evaM khAkI / khAlasA logoM kA kendrasthAna 'narainA' nimnAMkita haiM : hai jo jayapura se cAlIsa mIla dUra hai| (1) nRsiMhapUrvatApanIyopaniSad, (2) nRsiMhauttaratApanI- naLa naiSadha-zatapatha brAhmaNa (2.2,2,1-2) meM uddhRta 'naLa yopaniSad, (3) nRsiMha upapurANa aura (4) nRsiNhsNhitaa| naiSadha' eka mAnavIya rAjA kA nAma pratIta hotA hai, narasiMhastotra-yaha narasiMha sampradAya kA eka pArAyaNa jisakI tulanA usakI vijayoM ke kAraNa yama (mRtyu ke grantha hai| devatA) se kI gayI hai| use dakSiNAgni ( yajJa ) ke tulya narahari-svAmI rAmAnandajI kI ziSyaparamparA meM mahAtmA mAnA gayA hai aura adhika sambhava hai ki vaha dakSiNa bhArata narahari chaThI pIr3hI meM hue the| rAmacaritamAnasa ke prasiddha kA nareza ho, jaisA ki yama kA bhI dakSiNa dizA se hI racayitA gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ke ye guru the / tulasIdAsa ne sambandha hai|

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354 navadvIpadhAma-nagarAtra navadvIpadhAma-baMgAla kA prasiddha tIrtha sthAna aura prAcIna digvijaya' meM gANapatyoM ko chaH zAkhA-sampradAyoM meM vibhAvidyAkendra / caitanya mahAprabhu kI janmabhUmi hone se gaur3Iya jita kiyA gayA hai, jo gaNapati ke cha: rUpoM kI pUjA vaiSNavoM kA yaha mahAtIrtha hai| kalakattA se 66 mIla karane ke kAraNa una rUpoM ke nAma se hI prasiddha haiM / unameM dUra navadvIpa hai, yahA~ kaI dharmazAlAe~ haiN| darzanArthI ko se 'navanItagaNapati' bhI eka hai| nizcita dakSiNA dene para mandiroM meM darzanArtha jAne diyA navanItadhenudAna-kArtikI amAvasyA ko isa vrata kA jAtA hai / yahA~ bahuta se darzanIya sthAna haiM, jaise dhAmezvara, anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM brahmA aura sAvitrI kI pUjA advaitAcArya mandira, gauragovinda mandira, zacImAtA-viSNu- karanI caahie| dhenu ke navanIta kA kucha anya phaloM, priyA mandira Adi / yahA~ prati varSa bahuta bar3A vaiSNava / suvarNa tathA vastroM sahita dAna karanA caahie| samAgama hotA hai| navamIrathavrata-Azvina zukla navamI ko upavAsa tathA navanakSatrazAnti-nava nakSatroM ke tuSTIkaraNa ke lie unakI durgAjI kA pUjana karanA caahie| vastroM, dhvajA-patApUjA karanI caahie| janmakAlIna nakSatra janmanakSatra kaha- kAoM, jhaNDiyoM, darpaNoM, puSpamAlAoM se sajjita aura lAtA hai / caturtha, dazama, SoDaza, viMza, trayoviMza nakSatroM siMhAkRti se maNDita devIjI ke ratha kI pUjA karanI ko kramazaH mAnasa, karma, sAMghAtika, samudaya tathA vainAzika caahie| trizUladhAriNI, mahiSAsuramardinI devI kI kahA jAtA hai / sAmAnya jana ke lie uparyukta SaT nakSatra suvarNapratimA ko ratha meM virAjamAna karanA caahie| yaha hI mAnanIya haiM, kintu rAjAoM ko tIna aura adhika trizUla mahiSAsura ke zarIra meM ghusA honA caahie| mAnane cAhie / udAharaNa ke lie, rAjyAbhiSeka ke samaya pradhAna sar3akoM para yaha ratha nikAlate hue durgAjI ke mandira kA nakSatra, usake rAjya para zAsana karane vAlA nakSatra tathA taka ratha lAnA cAhie / Ananda gIta, nRtya, nATakoM, usakA varNanakSatra / yadi ye nakSatra pApagrahoM se prabhAvita mAGgalika vAdyoM se rAtri meM jAgaraNa karane kA vidhAna hoM to usake pariNAma bhI bure nikalate haiN| upayukta hai| dUsare dina prabhAta kAla meM devI kI pratimA ko snAna dhArmika kRtyoM se nakSatroM ke kuprabhAvoM ko rokA jA sakatA karAkara durgAjI ke bhaktoM ko bhojana karAnA caahie| hai athavA kama kiyA jA sakatA hai| durgAjI ko palaMga, vRSabha tathA gau kA dAna karanA yaha bAta vizeSa dhyAna meM rakhanI cAhie ki vaikhAnasa- caahie| gRhyasUtra, 4.14; viSNudharma0, 2.166; nArada, 1.56, navamI ke vrata-de0 kRtyakalpataru, 273-308; hemAdri, 358-59 tathA varAhamihira kI yogayAtrA, 9.1-2 Adi 1.887-962; kAlanirNaya 229-230; tithitattva, 59meM isa bAta meM matabheda hai ki janma se kauna-kauna se nakSatra 103; puruSArthacintAmaNi, 139, 142; vratarAja, uparyukta nAmoM ko dhAraNa kreNge| 319-352 / aSTamIviddhA navamI ko prAthamikatA denI navanAtha-nAtha sampradAya ke antargata ArambhakAlika nau cAhie / tithitattva, 59 tathA dharmasindhu, 15 ke anusAra nAtha mukhya kahe gaye haiN| ye haiM gorakSanAtha, jvAlendranAtha, caitra zukla navamI ko samasta yoginiyoM meM se bhadrakAlI kArinanAtha, gahinInAtha, carpaTanAtha, revaNanAtha, nAganAtha, ko rAjamukuTa pahanAyA gayA thaa| isalie sabhI navamiyoM bhartanAtha ( bhartRhari ) aura gopIcandranAtha / ko durgAjI ke bhakta ko upavAsa karake unakI pUjA navanIta-vaidika granthoM meM navanIta zabda prAyaH uddhata haA karanI caahie| hai / aitareya brAhmaNa ( 1.3 ) ke anusAra yaha makkhana kA navaratna-vallabhAcArya dvArA racita eka grantha / isakI vaha prakAra hai jo Antarika pavitratAkAraka hotA hai, gaNanA zuddhAdvaita sampradAya ke AdhArabhUta granthoM meM kI jabaki devatA 'Ajya' ko, manuSya 'ghRta' ko tathA pitarajana jAtI hai / 'Ayuta' ko pasanda karate haiN| taittirIya saMhitA ( 2.3, navarAtra-zAradIya Azvina zukla pratipadA se navamI taka 10,1) meM isakA ghRta tathA sapi nAma se bheda batAyA aura vAsantika caitra zukla pratipadA se navamI taka kA gayA hai| samaya 'navarAtra' ( nau rAta ) kahalAtA hai| isameM devI ke navanItagaNapati-gaNapati ke upAsakoM kA eka varga / 'zaGkara- prItyartha unakI stuti, pUjA, vrata Adi kiye jAte haiM / zAra

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navarAtri-nAgadevabhaTTa 355 dIya navarAtra meM to navoM dina bar3A hI utsava manAyA rUpa dhAraNa kiyaa| na usameM tattvanirNaya rahA, na tattvajAtA hai| vizeSa kara SaSThI, saptamI, aSTamI aura navamI nirNaya kI sAmarthya / kevala tarka-vitarka kA ghora vistAra ko devI kI pUjA kA ati mAhAtmya hai| devI kI prati- huaa| parantu isameM sandeha nahIM ki pramANa ke vizeSa mAoM kA pUjana sAre deza meM, vizeSa kara vaMgadeza meM bar3I adhyayana kA yaha adbhuta upakrama hai| dhUmadhAma se hotA hai| navarAtra meM 'durgAsaptazatI' kA nAka-jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa ( 3.13, 5) meM 'nAka' pATha prAyaH devIbhakta vizeSatayA karate haiM / eka AcArya kA nAma hai| sambhavataH ye nAka, zatapatha navarAtri-de0 'nvraatr'| brAhmaNa (12.5, 2, 1,), bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad ( 6.4, navavyUhArcana-zukla pakSa kI kisI ekAdazI athavA 4) tathA taittirIya upaniSad ( 1.9, 1) meM uddhRta ASAr3ha athavA phAlguna kI saMkrAnti ke dina isa vrata kA nAka maudgalya ( mudgala ke vaMzaja ) se abhinna hai / anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa dina bhagavAn viSNu kI nAkra-yajurveda saMhitA meM uddhRta azvamedha yajJa sambandhI pUjA kI jAtI hai| kisI sundara sthala para IzAnamukhIya balipazu tAlikA meM nAkra nAmaka eka jalIya jantu kA bhagavAn viSNu kA maNDapa banAnA caahie| maNDapa meM dvAra nAmollekha bhI hai| sambhavataH isa pazu kA nAka artha tathA isake madhya meM kamala kI AkRti aMkita honI hai, jise pIche saMskRta meM 'naka' kahA gayA / caahie| devatAoM ke aSTa AyudhoM ko AThoM dizAoM nAga-zatapatha brAhmaNa meM yaha zabda eka bAra ( 11.2, 7, meM aMkita karanA cAhie / yathA vajra, zakti, gadA ( yama- 12) mahAnAga ke artha meM vyavahRta huA hai / bRhadAraNyaka rAja kI ) khaGga, varuNapAza, dhvaja, gadA ( kubera kI) upaniSad ( 1,3, 24 ) tathA aitareya brAhmaNa ( 8.21) aura trizUla ( zivajI kaa)| bhagavAn vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, meM spaSTa rUpa se isakA artha 'sarpa' hai| sUtroM meM paurANika nArAyaNa tathA vAmana ( jo bhagavAn ke hI vyUha hai ) ke 'nAga' kA bhI ullekha hai jisakI pUjA hotI thii| nAga lie homa karanA caahie| athavA sarpa-pUjA hindU dharma kA eka aGga hai jo anya kaI navAnnabhakSaNa-nayI phasala Ane para nava dhAnya kA grahaNa dharmoM meM bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM pAyI jAtI hai| capakaranA navAnnabhakSaNa kahalAtA hai| sUrya ke vRzcika rAzi latA, zakti aura bhayaMkaratA ke kAraNa nAga ne manuSya kA ke 14 aMza meM praveza karane se pUrva isakA anuSThAna honA dhyAna apanI ora AkRSTa kiyA hai| kaI jAtiyoM aura vaMzoM ne 'nAga' ko apanA dharmacihna svIkAra kiyA hai| caahie| de0 kRtyasArasamuccaya, 27 / nIlamata kucha jAtiyoM meM nAga ( sarpa ) avadhya samajhA jAtA hai| purANa ( pR0 72, padya 880-888 ) meM isa samAroha kA nAmatRtIyA-(1) yaha vrata mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA ko varNana milatA hai| isameM gIta, saMgIta, vedamantrAdi kA Arambha hotA hai aura tithivrata hai| yaha eka varSa taka uccAraNa tathA brahmA, ananta ( zeSa ) tathA dikpAloM kA calatA hai| pratimAsa gaurI ke bAraha nAmoM meM se eka pUjana honA caahie| nAma lete hue unakA pUjana karanA cAhie / nAma ye haiM-vAdaka, bauddha aura jana nayAyikoM ke bIca gaurI, kAlI, umA, bhadrA, durgA, krAnti, sarasvatI, vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI se lekara terahavIM zatAbdI maMgalA, vaiSNavI, lakSmI, zivA aura naaraaynnii| aisA taka barAbara vivAda calatA rhaa| isase khaNDana-maNDana vizvAsa hai ki isase svargaprApti hotI hai| ke aneka grantha bane / caudahavIM zatAbdI meM gaGgeza upA- (2) bhagavAna mahezvara kI ardhanArIzvara rUpa meM pUjA dhyAya hue, jinhoMne 'navya nyAya' kI nIMva ddaalii| karanI caahie| isase vratI ko kabhI bhI patnI viyoga prAcIna nyAya meM prameya Adi jo solaha padArtha the unameM nahIM bhoganA par3atA / athavA harihara kI pratimA kA se aura sabako kinAre karake kevala 'pramANa' ko lekara kezava se dAmodara taka bAraha nAma lete hue pUjana prati hI bhArI zabdADambara khar3A kiyA gyaa| isa navya nyAya mAsa karanA caahie| kA AvirbhAva mithilA meM haa| mithilA se navadvIpa nAgadevabhaTTa-vikrama kI caudahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM ( nadiyA ) meM jAkara navya nyAya ne aura bhI vizAla santa cakradhara ne mAnabhAu sampradAya kA jIddhiAra kiyaa|

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356 nAmadvAdazI-nAgavata unake pazcAt santa nAgadeva bhaTTa hue jo yAdavarAja rAma- aura apane-apane karataba dikhAte haiN| nAgapaJcamI ke dina candra aura santa jJAnezvara ke samakAlIna the / yAdavarAja nAgapUjA hI yadyapi isa tyohAra kI mukhyatA hai, tathApi rAmacandra kA samaya saMvat 1328-1363 hai| santa nAga- kuztI aura malloM ke khela vizeSa AkarSaNa rakhate haiN| deva bhaTTa ne isa pantha kA acchA pracAra kiyA thaa| lar3akiyA~ gur3iyA kA khela bhI karatI haiM aura unakA kisI nAmadvAdazI-mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA sarovara athavA nadI meM pravAha kara detI hai| anuSThAna hotA hai| isa dina upavAsa karanA caahie| nAgapUjA-mArgazIrSa zukla paJcamI ko isa pUjA kA anuSThAna yaha tithivrata hai / vratI ko viSNu bhagavAn ke bAraha nAmoM hotA hai / smRtikaustubha (429) ke anusAra yaha pUjA meM se eka nAma lenA cAhie, yathA nArAyaNa nAma mArga- dAkSiNAtyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se pracalita hai| zIrSa tathA pauSa meM, mAdhava nAma mAgha meM; isI prakAra se nAgamaitrIpaJcamI-isa tithi ke vratakartA ko kaDue tathA khaTTe kArtika taka dAmodara nAma / varSa ke anta meM bachar3e vAlI padArthoM kA sevana chor3a denA cAhie tathA nAgapratimAoM gau, candana, vastroM Adi ko dAna meM denA caahie| ko dUdha meM snAna karAnA caahie| isa anuSThAna se nAgoM vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isake anuSThAna se vratI viSNu- se usakI maitrI ho jAtI hai| loka ko jAtA hai| nAgavaMzI-madhya pradeza ke muAsI tathA nAgavaMzI apane ko nAganAtha-sAtha sampradAya ke nau nAthoM meM se nAganAtha bhI sarpapUrvajoM ke vaMzaja mAnate haiM / bambaI ke nApita (nAU) eka haiN| inake sambandha meM aitihAsika rUpa se kucha vizeSa apane ko zeSa (ananta, zeSa) kA vaMzaja batalAte haiN| jJAta nahIM hai| nimAr3a jile ke kucha nAgara brAhmaNa apane ko brAhmaNa pitA nAgapaJcamI-sarpapUjA ke tyohAroM meM nAgapaJcamI sabase pramukha tathA nAga mAtA se utpanna mAnate haiM / isI kAraNa kucha hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM ise 'nAgarapaJcamo' kahate haiN| yaha brAhmaNa unakA pakAyA huA bhojana nahIM khAte / ye brAhmaNa tyohAra zrAvaNa zukla paJcamI ko manAyA jAtA hai| ise varSA- apanI striyoM ko 'nAgakanyA' kahate haiM / baramA meM kucha Rtu meM manAye jAne kA kAraNa nAgoM kI varSA dene kI zakti aise loga haiM jo apane ko sarpa ke aNDe se utpanna batalAte se sambandhita pratIta hotA hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM isa dina hai / gandhamAlI loga kAle nAga ko apanA pUrvaja mAnate sarpavivaroM para phUla, sugandha Adi car3hAte haiM tathA dUdha DhArate hai aura isI kAraNa nAgapaJcamI parva ko vizeSa rUpa se haiM / vRkSoM ke nIce sthApita nAgamUrtiyoM ke darzana kiye jAte manAte hai tathA usa dina pakA bhojana nahIM krte| madrAsa haiM / tyohAra ke dina ina mUrtiyoM para dUdha, dahI Adi car3hAyA ke vellAla apane ko nAgakanyA se utpanna mAnate haiM / jAtA hai / madhyabhArata meM zrAvaNa mAsa ke kisI vizeSa ___choTA nAgapura kA zAsaka parivAra apanI utpatti puNDarIka dina eka puruSa nAgamandira meM jAkara vahA~ piTTA khAkara nAga se batalAtA hai| isa prakAra kaI jAtiyA~ aura vaMza lauTatA hai| yadi aisA na kiyA jAya to sArA parivAra apane ko nAgavaMzI kahate haiM aura nAgoM kI pUjA kAle nAgoM se AkrAnta kiyA jAtA hai, aisA vizvAsa hai| karate haiN| isa dina ghara kI dIvAroM para nAgacitra aMkita kara usakI nAgavata-(1) kArtika zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA anupUjA hotI hai tathA ghara kI bur3hiyA isa pUjA ke prArambha SThAna kiyA jAtA hai| isa dina upavAsa karanA caahie| hone kI kathA sunAtI hai| uttara pradeza ke parvatIya bhAgoM zeSa, zaGkhapAla tathA anyAnya nAgoM kA puSpa, candana Adi meM isa dina ziva kI pUjA 'rikhezvara' ke rUpa meM kI jAtI se pUjana karanA caahie| prAtaHkAla tathA madhyAhna meM dUdha hai / ziva ko nAgoM se ghirA mAnate haiM tathA unake sira para se unako snAna karAnA tathA dugdha pAna karAnA caahie| nAgachatra rahatA hai| tatpazcAt unakA pUjana karanA caahie| phala yaha hotA hai __ isa dina nAga kI pUjA dUdha-lAjA se hotI hai| isakA ki sarpa kabhI hAni nahIM pahu~cAte / uddezya yaha hotA hai ki nAga athavA sarpa santuSTa hokara (2) paJcamI ko nAgamUrtiyoM kA kamalapatroM, mantroM tathA kisI jIvadhArI ko kATe nhiiN| yaha dina malloM kA khAsa puSpoM se pUjana karate hue ghI, dUdha, dahI, madhu kI dhArAoM tyohAra hotA hai| akhAr3oM meM pahalavAna ikaTThe hote haiM ko chor3anA cAhie / isake pazcAt homa karanA caahie|

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nAgarasena- nAthamuni isase viSoM se mukti to hotI hI hai, sAtha hI putra, patnI tathA saubhAgya kI bhI upalabdhi hotI haiN| nAgarasena - eka devavizeSa kA nAma uttara pradeza meM kAchI - / eka kRSaka jAti hai / ye mukhyataH zAkta hote haiM tathA durgA ke zItalA rUpa kI pUjA karate haiM / ye kucha choTe devatAoM kI bhI upAsanA karate haiM, jo vipattiyoM se rakSA karane tathA unakI khetI ko bar3hAne vAle mAne jAte haiM / aise hI unake choTe devoM meM se eka devatA 'nAgarasena' hai yaha bImAriyoM kA niyantraNa karatA hai / isakA sambandha bhI nAga se hI jAna par3atA hai / 1 nAgA - yaha saMskRta 'nagna' kA tadbhava rUpa hai / prAcIna avadhUta muni kapila, dattAtreya RSabhadeva Adi ke Adarza para calanevAle caturthAzramI sAdhu-saMta, jo tyAga kI parAkASThA ke anurUpa vastra taka dhAraNa nahIM karate, nAgA kahe jAte haiM / madhyakAla meM apanI paramparA ke rakSArtha aise sAdhu 'jamAta' ke rUpa meM saMgaThita ho gaye aura inake zastradhArI dala bana gaye, jo apane maTha-mandiroM ke rakSArtha khUnI saMgharSa se bhI vimukha na hote the| Age calakara ye loga zaiva-vaiSNava ke rUpa meM svavarga ke hI paraspara zatru ho gaye / avivekavaza inake pichale yuga meM marAThA, nijAma, rAjapUta, avadha ke navAba Adi ke pakSa se yuddhavyavasAyI ke rUpa meM lar3ate hue rAjanItika pAzA palaTa dete the / Ajakala nAgA sAdhu vasanAmo gusAMI, vairAgI, dAdUpaMthI Adi jamAtoM ke antargata rahate haiM aura haridvAra, prayAga Adi ke kumbhameloM meM hAthI, ghor3e, chatra, camara, dhvajA Adi se sajjita hokara apane rAjasI abhiyAna kA pradarzana karate haiM / nAgA sAdhu de0 'nAgA' / nAgeza - nAgeza bhaTTa satrahavIM zatAbdI meM hue the / ye zabdAdvaita ke kaTTara pratipAdaka haiM / isa siddhAnta kA sarvAGgINa vivecana inhoMne apane grantha ' vaiyAkaraNasiddhAntamaMjUSA' meM kiyA hai / ye vyAkaraNa ke udbhaTa vidvAn hote hue sAhitya, darzana, dharmazAstra, mantrazAstra Adi ke bhI vicakSaNa granthakAra the| pataJjali ke mahAbhASya aura bhaTToji dIkSita ko siddhAntakaumudI para racI gayI inakI vyAkhyAe~ gambhIratA ke kAraNa maulika grantha jaisI hI mAnI jAtI haiM / nAgeza, upanAma nAgojI bhaTTa kAle mahArASTrIya the aura zAstracintana meM nimagna rahane ke kAraNa kAzI se bAhara 357 na jAne kA niyama grahaNa kiye hue the| inako isa bIca jayapura nareza mahArAja savAI jayasiMha ne apane azvamedha yajJa ke agrapaNDita ke rUpa meM Amantrita kiyA thA, kintu inhoMne isa saMmAnya Atithya ko 'kSetrasaMnyAsa' ke kAraNa asvIkAra kara diyA / nAgezvara- kAzI meM ziva mahAdeva kI pUjA 'nAgezvara' ke rUpa meM bhI hotI hai| sarpa unakI mUrti meM lipaTe dikhAye jAte haiM / nAthadeva - sarvaprathama vedAntI bhASyakAra viSNusvAmI zuddhAdvaitavAda kA pracAra kiyaa| unake ziSya kA nAma jJAnadeva thaa| jJAnadeva ke ziSya nAthadeva aura trilo cana the / nAthadvArA - mevAr3a (rAjasthAna) kA prasiddha vaiSNava tIrtha / yahAM kA mukhya mandira zrInAthajI kA hai| yaha vallabha sampradAya kA pradhAna pITha hai / bhArata ke pramukha vaiSNava pIThoM meM isakI bhI gaNanA hai / zrInAthajI ke mandira ke AsapAsa hI navanItalAlajI viTThalanAthajI, kalyANarAyajI, madanamohanajI aura vanamAlIjI ke mandira tathA mahAprabhu harirAyajI kI baiThaka hai / eka mandira mIrAbAI kA bhI hai| zrInAthajI ke mandira meM hastalikhita evaM mudrita granthoM kA sundara pustakAlaya bhI hai / nAthadvArA pITha kA eka vidyAvibhAga bhI hai, jahA~ se sampradAya ke pranthoM kA prakAzana hotA hai / nAyamuni (vaiSNavAcArya) - viziSTAdvaita sampradAya ke AcAyA~ kI paramparA kA krama isa prakAra mAnA jAtA hai - bhagavAn zrI nArAyaNa ne jagajjananI zrI mahAlakSmI ko upadeza diyA, dayAmayI mAtA se vaikuNThapArSada viSvaksena ko upadeza milA, unase zaThakopa svAmI ko unase nAvamuni ko, nAthamuni se puNDarIkAkSa svAmI ko inase rAmamitra ko aura rAmamizra se yAmunAcArya ko yaha upadeza prApta huA / 'nAthamuni' zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke prasiddha AcArya ho gaye haiM / ye lagabhaga 965 vikramAbda meM vartamAna the / inake putra Izvaramuni choTI avasthA meM hI paraloka sidhAra gye| Izvaramuni ke putra yAmunAcArya the| putra kI mRtyu ke bAda nAthamuni ne saMnyAsa le liyA aura muniyoM kI taraha virakta jIvana bitAne lge| isI kAraNa inakA nAma nAthamuni par3A / kahate haiM ki unhoMne yoga meM adbhuta

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358 nAthasampradAya . siddhiyA~ prApta kI thIM aura isI kAraNa ve yogIndra sambandha bhI spaSTa hai| yogI bhasma bhI ramAte haiM, parantu kahalAte the| bhasmasnAna kA eka vizeSa tAtparya hai-jaba ye loga zarIra nAyamuni ne nammAlavAra tathA anya AlavAroM kI meM zvAsa kA praveza roka dete haiM to romakUpoM ko bhI stutiyoM ko saMgraha kara eka-eka hajAra chandoM ke cAra vargoM bhasma se banda kara dete haiN| prANAyAma kI kriyA meM yaha meM vibhakta kiyA tathA inheM dravir3agItoM ke svara-tAla meM mahattva kI yukti hai| phira bhI yaha zuddha yogasAdhanA kA bA~dhA / sampUrNa grantha 'nAlAbhira prabandham' athavA cAra pantha hai / isIlie ise mahAbhArata kAla ke yogasampradAya hajAra stutiyoM kA grantha kahalAtA haiN| tricanApallI ke kI paramparA ke antargata mAnanA caahie| vizeSatayA zrIraGgam mandira meM niyamita rUpa se ina stutiyoM ke gAna isalie ki pAzupata sampradAya se isakA sambandha halakA sA kI vyavasthA karane meM bhI ye saphala hae / yaha prathA anya hI dekha par3atA hai| sAtha hI yogasAdhanA isake Adi, madhya mandiroM meM bhI pracalita huI tathA Aja bar3e-bar3e mandiroM aura anta meM hai| ataH yaha zaiva mata kA zaddha yoga samprameM inakI pracArita zailI meM stutiyoM kA pATha hotA hai| dAya hai| ye dhArmika netA evaM AcArya bhI the / inakI dekharekha meM ___ isa panya vAloM kI yoga sAdhanA pAtaJjala vidhi kA vikasita rUpa hai / usakA dArzanika aMza chor3akara haThayoga eka vidyAvaMza kA janma huA jisake antargata kaI saMskRta ko kriyA jor3a dene se nAthapantha kI yogakriyA ho jAtI tathA tamila vidvAn zrIraGgam meM hue| isa varga kA pradhAna kArya 'nAlAbhira prabandham' kA paThana thaa| aneka hai / nAthapantha meM 'UrdhvaretA' yA akhaNDa brahmacArI honA sabase adhika mahattva kI bAta hai / mAMsa-madyAdi sabhI tAmabhASya isa para race gaye / 'nyAyatattva' tathA 'yogarahasya' nAmaka do aura grantha inake race kahe jAte haiN| sika bhojanoM kA pUrA niSedha hai / yaha pantha caurAsI siddhoM ke tAntrika vajrayAna kA sAttvika rUpa meM paripAlaka nAthasampradAya-jaba tAntrikoM aura siddhoM ke camatkAra evaM pratIta hotA hai| abhicAra badanAma ho gaye, zAkta madya, mAMsAdi ke lie| unakA tAttvika siddhAnta hai ki paramAtmA kebala' hai| tathA siddha, tAntrika Adi strI-sambandhI AcAroM ke usI paramAtmA taka pahu~canA mokSa hai| jIva kA usase kAraNa ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhe jAne lage tathA jaba inakI cAhe jaisA sambandha mAnA jAya, parantu vyAvahArika dRSTi yaugika kriyAe~ bhI manda par3ane lagI, taba ina yaugika se usase sammilana hI kaivalya mokSa yA yoga hai| isI kriyAoM ke uddhAra ke lie hI usa samaya nAtha sampradAya jIvana meM isakI anubhUti ho jAya, pantha kA yahI lakSya kA udaya huaa| isameM nava nAtha mukhya kahe jAte haiM : gorakSa hai| isa lakSya kI prApti ke lie prathama sIr3hI kAyA kI nAtha, jvAlendranAtha, kAriNanAtha, gahinInAtha, carpaTanAtha, sAdhanA hai| koI kAyA ko zatru samajhakara bhA~ti-bhAMti revaNanAtha, nAganAtha, bhartRnAtha aura gopIcandranAtha / ke kaSTa detA hai aura koI viSayavAsanA meM lipta hokara gorakSanAtha hI gorakhanAtha ke nAma se prasiddha hai / de0 use aniyaMtrita chor3a detA hai| parantu nAthapaMthI kAyA ko 'gorakhanAtha' / paramAtmA kA AvAsa mAnakara usakI upayukta sAdhanA isa sampradAya ke paramparAsaMsthApaka AdinAtha svayaM karatA hai / kAyA usake lie vaha yantra hai jisake dvArA zaGkara ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM / isakA sambandha rasezvaroM vaha isI jIvana meM mokSAnubhUti kara letA hai, janma-maraNase hai aura isake anuyAyI AgamoM meM AdiSTa yoga sAdhana jIvana para pUrA adhikAra kara letA hai, jarA-maraNa-vyAdhi karate haiM / ataH ise aneka itihAsajJa zaiva sampradAya mAnate aura kAla para vijaya pA jAtA hai| hai / parantu aura zavoM kI taraha ye na to liGgArcana karate haiM isa uddezya kI prApti ke lie vaha pahale kAyA zodhana aura na zivopAsanA ke aura aGgoM kA nirvAha karate haiN| karatA hai| isake lie vaha yama, niyama ke sAtha haThayoga kintu tIrtha, devatA Adi ko mAnate haiM, zivamandira aura ke SaT karma ( neti, dhauti, vasti, nauli, kapAlabhAti devImandiroM meM darzanArtha jAte hai / kailA devIjI tathA hiMga- aura trATaka ) karatA hai ki kAyA zuddha ho jAya / yaha lAja mAtA ke darzana vizeSataH karate haiM, jisase inakA zAkta nAthapanthiyoM kA apanA AviSkAra nahIM hai| haThayoga para

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nAdabindu upaniSad-nAnakapantha likhita 'dheraNDasaMhitA' nAmaka prAcIna grantha meM varNita tattvoM kA janatA meM lokabhASA dvArA pracAra kiyA, unameM sAttvika yoga praNAlI kA hI yaha uddhAra nAthapaMthiyoM ne guru nAnaka pramukha the| kucha aMzoM meM inakA mata kabIra se kiyA hai| milatA-julatA hai yA nahIM yaha anizcita hai| nAnaka ne isa mata meM zuddha haThayoga tathA rAjayoga kI sAdhanAe~ aneka hindU tathA muslima mahAtmAoM kA satsaMga kiyA / anuzAsita haiN| yogAsana, nAr3I jJAna, SaTcakra nirUpaNa tathA paMjAbI ke atirikta inheM saMskRta, phArasI tathA hindI kA prANAyAma dvArA samAdhi kI prApti isake mukhya aMga haiN| bhI jJAna thA aura inhoMne sUphI saMtoM tathA hindU santoM kI zArIrika puSTi tathA paMca mahAbhUtoM para vijaya kI siddhi ke racanAe~ par3hI thiiN| inhoMne sAre uttara bhArata meM ghUmalie rasavidyA kA bhI isa mata meM eka vizeSa sthAna hai / ghUmakara paMjAbImizrita hindI meM upadeza kiyaa| mardAnA isa pantha ke yogI yA to jIvita samAdhi lete haiM yA nAma kA inakA eka ziSya inake bhajana gAne ke samaya zarIra chor3ane para unheM samAdhi dI jAtI hai / ve jalAye tIna tAra vAlA bAjA bajAtA thaa| unhoMne aneka anunahIM jAte / yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki unakA zarIra yoga se yAyI ikaTThe kiye tathA unake lie 'japajI' padyoM kI eka hI zuddha ho jAtA hai, use jalAne kI AvazyakatA nhiiN| saMgraha taiyAra kiyaa| unameM se aneka gItiyA~ bhagavAn kI nAthapaMthI yogI alakha (alakSa) jagAte haiN| isI zabda dainika prArthanA ke nimitta ikaTThI kI gayI thIM / kavitA se iSTadeva kA dhyAna karate hai aura isI se bhikSATana ke kSetra meM nAnaka kI kabIra se koI tulanA nahIM, lekina bhI karate haiN| inake ziSya guru ke 'alakSa' kahane para nAnaka kI racanAe~ sAdI, sApha tathA vicAroM ko saralatA 'Adeza' kahakara sambodhana kA uttara dete haiM / ina mantroM se vahana karane meM samartha haiN| darzana ke do grantha bhI kA lakSya vahI praNavarUpI parama puruSa hai jo vedoM aura ( saMskRta meM ) 'nirAkAramImAMsA' tathA 'adbhutagItA' upaniSadoM kA dhyeya hai / nAthapaMthI jina granthoM ko pramANa unake race kahe jAte haiN| mAnate haiM unameM sabase prAcIna haThayoga sambandhI grantha unake mata ke anusAra Izvara eka hai, zAzvata hai gheraNDasaMhitA aura zivasaMhitA hai| gorakSanAtha kRta tathA hRdaya se usakI pUjA honI cAhie, na ki mUrti kii| haThayoga, gorakSanAtha jJAnAmRta, gorakSakalpa, gorakSa sahasra hindutva evaM islAma do rAste hai kintu Izvara eka hI nAma, caturazItyAsana, yogacintAmaNi, yogamahimA, hai| gahastha kA jIvana saMnyAsa se adhika stutya hai / dharma yogamArtaNDa, yogasiddhAntapaddhati, vivekamArtaNDa, siddha- ke naitika pakSa para unhoMne adhika jora ddaalaa| advaita siddhAnta paddhati, gorakhabodha, datta gorakha saMvAda, gorakha vedAnta ke aneka vicAra, Izvara kI vyaktitva sambandhI nAthajI rA pada, gorakhanAtha ke sphuTa grantha, jJAnasiddhAnta kahAvateM bhI nAnaka kI zikSAoM meM prApta hai / 'mAyA' kA yoga, jJAnavikrama, yogezvarI sAkhI, narabodha, viraha bhrama honA tathA guru kI mahattA bhI unhoMne batAyI hai| purANa aura gorakhasAra grantha bhI nAtha sampradAya ke pramANa- Izvara se ekatva yA Izvara meM hI vilaya athavA apane ko grantha haiN| kho denA mokSa hai / nAnaka ne apane pApoM ko svIkAra nAdabindu upaniSad-yaha yogavargIya eka upaniSad hai|| karate hae apane ko eka choTA mAnava batAyA tathA kabhI isakI racanA chandobaddha hai tathA yaha cUlikopaniSad kA Izvara kA avatAra nahIM kahA / nAnaka ke pazcAt sikkhoM anukaraNa karatI hai| ke nau garu hae jinakA varNana anya sthAnoM meM haA hai| nAnaka-sikkha dharma ke mUla saMsthApaka guru nAnaka (1469- de0 'sikkha' / 1538 I0) the| ve lAhaura jile ke talavaNDI nAmaka nAnakapantha-guru nAnaka ne nAnakapantha calAyA jo Age sthAna ke khatrI parivAra meM utpanna hue the| unake jIvana calakara dasaveM guru govindasiMha ke samaya meM 'sivakha mata' kI kahAnI aneka janamasAkhiyoM meM kahI gayo hai, kintu bana gyaa| zeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'nAnaka' zabda / nizcita rUpa se kucha vizeSa jJAta nahIM huA hai / islAma nAnakapanthI-nAnaka ke calAye hae paMtha ke anuyAyI nAnakakI A~dhI ke kucha ThaMDe par3ane para jina bhAratIya santa- paMthI kahalAte haiN| nAnakapaMthI sikkhoM se apane ko bhinna mahAtmAoM ne hindU dharma ke sArabhUta (islAma ke avirodhI) mAnate haiN| jaise kabIrapaMthI apane ko sanAtanI hindra

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nAnakaputrA-nAmakaraNa kahate haiM, vaise hI nAnakapaMthI bhI kahate haiM / inameM sikkhoM svata manu ke vaMzaja the| paravartI saMhitAoM evaM brAhmaNoM kI apekSA vibhedavAdI pravRtti bahuta kama hai / ye guru nAnaka ke anusAra jaba inake pitA manu ne apanI sampatti putroM meM kI mUla zikSAoM meM vizvAsa karate haiN| bA~TI to nAbhAnediSTha ko chor3a diyA tathA unheM AGginAnakaputrA-eka dhArmika sampradAya, jo 'udAsI' kahalAtA rasoM kI gauoM ko dekara zAnta kiyaa| brAhmaNoM meM naabhaahai| isake pravartaka guru nAnaka ke putra zrIcandra the isIlie nediSTha kI RcAe bAra-bAra uddhRta haiM, kintu inase isake mAnanevAloM ko 'nAnakaputrA' bhI kahate haiN| ye inake racayitA ke bAre meM kucha bhI jJAta nahIM hotaa| apane ko sanAtanI hindU samajhate haiM aura apane ko nAnaka- purANoM meM mAnavavaMzI nAbhAnediSTha kA adhika vistRta varNana paMtha tathA sikkha dharma se alaga mAnate haiM / pAyA jAtA hai| nAnasambandhara-prAcIna tamila zaiva santa prAyaH kavi the| nAbhikamalatIrtha-yaha thAnesara nagara ke samIpa hai| kahA ye vaiSNava AlavAroM ke hI sadaza ziva ke bhakta the / inameM jAtA hai ki isI sthAna para bhagavAn viSNu kI nAbhi ke tIna adhika prasiddha hai| tInoM meM se pahale kA nAma nAna kamala se brahmA kI utpatti huI thii| yahA~ para yAtrI sambandhara hai| ye sAtavIM zatAbdI meM hue| vizeSa vivaraNa snAna, japa tathA viSNu evaM brahmA kA pUjana karake ananta 'tAmila zaiva' zabda meM dekheN| nAnasambandhara ne aneka gItoM phala ke bhAgI hote haiM / sarovara pakkA banA huA hai tathA aura stutiyoM kI racanA kI hai| vahIM brahmAjI sahita bhagavAn viSNu kA choTA sA nApita-isa zabda kA ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa (3.1,2,2) mandira hai| tathA kAtyAyana zrauta sUtra (7.2,8,13), AzvalAyana nAma-vaiSNava sampradAya kI dIkSA grahaNa karane ke lie guru gRhyasUtra (1.17) Adi meM huA hai| kintu prAcIna zabda kA cunAva karanA par3atA hai| dIkSA ke antargata pA~ca kArya vaptA hai (R0 10.142,4) jo 'vapa' se banA hai, jisakA hote haiM-(1) tApa (zarIra para sAmpradAyika cihnAGkana), artha hai 'kSaura kriyA karanA' athavA 'bAla kATanA' / mRtakoM (2) puNDra (sAmpradAyika cihna kA tilaka), (3) nAma ko jalAye jAne ke pahale kSaura kriyA hotI hai (atharva veda, (sampradAya sambandhI nAma grahaNa karanA), (4) mantra (bhkti5.19,4)| dhArmika kRtyoM meM nApita kA mukhya aura viSayaka sUtrarUpa bhagavannAma grahaNa karanA) aura (5) yAga Avazyaka sthAna hai| vaha purohita kA eka prakAra se (puujaa)| bhaktimArga meM japa karane ke lie nAma kA atyasahAyaka hotA hai| dhika mahattva hai, vizeSa kara kaliyuga meM / nAbhAjI-nAbhAjI kI racanA 'bhaktamAla' ati prasiddha hai| bhagavAn ke nAma kI mahimA prAyaH sabhI sampradAyoM meM nAbhAjI rAmAnandI vaiSNava the aura santa kavi agradAsa ke pAyI jAtI hai| nAma aura nAmI meM antara na hone se ziSya the / unhIM kI AjJA se nAbhAjI ne bhaktamAla grantha Izvara ke kisI bhI nAma se usakI ArAdhanA ho prastuta kiyA / nAbhAjI una dinoM hue the, jaba giridhara- sakatI hai| jI vallabha saMpradAya ke adhyakSa the tathA tulasIdAsa jIvita nAmakaraNa-hinduoM ke smArta solaha saMskAroM meM se eka the / inakA kAla 1642-1680 I0 ke madhya hai| 'bhakta- saMskAra / dharmazAstra meM nAmakaraNa kA bahuta mahattva hai : mAla' pazcimI hindI kA kAvya grantha hai tathA chappaya chaMda nAmAkhilasya vyavahArahetu zubhAvahaM karmasu bhAgyahetu / meM racita hai| yaha 'sUtravat' likhA gayA hai tathA bhASya ke nAmnava kIti labhate manuSyastataH prazastaM khalu nAmakarma / binA isako samajhanA duSkara hai| isa graMtha meM nAbhAjI ne (bRhaspati) sabhI sampradAyoM ke mahAtmAoM kI stuti kI hai aura apane [nizcita hI nAma samasta vyavahAroM kA hetu hai / zubha bhAva atyanta udAra rakhe haiN| bhaktoM ke samAja meM isakA kA vahana karane vAlA tathA bhAgya kA kAraNa hai| manuSya bar3A Adara huA hai| nAma se hI kIrti prApta karatA hai| isalie nAmakaraNa kI nAbhAjI kA zuddha nAma nArAyaNadAsa kahA jAtA hai| kriyA bahuta prazasta hai| ] isa saMskAra kA uddezya hai socanAbhAdAsa-de0 'nAbhAjI' / vicAra kara aisA nAma rakhanA jo sundara, mAGgalika tathA nAbhAnediSTha athagA nAbhAga viSTa-ye sUryavaMzI yA vaiva- prabhAvazAlI ho / prAyaH cAra prakAra ke nAma rakhe jAte

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nAmakIrtana-nAradapaJcarAtra 361 haiM--(1) nAkSatra nAma, (2) mAsadevatAparaka nAma, (3) kAraNa vizeSa pahacAna hotA thaa| brAhmaNoM meM dUsarA nAma kuladevatAparaka nAma tathA (4) laukika nAma / jinake paitRka yA mAtRka hotA thaa| yathA kakSIvanta auzija bacce jIte nahIM ve pratIkArAtmaka athavA ghRNAspada nAma (uzija nAmnI unakI mAtA), bRhaduktha vAmaneya (vAmanI bhI rakhate haiN| kA putra ), bhArgava maudgalya ( pitRbodhaka nAma ) / kabhInAmakaraNa saMskAra zizu ke janma ke anantara dasaveM kabhI strI kA nAma pati ke nAma se sambandhita hotA thAathavA bArahaveM dina kiyA jAtA hai| zizu kA guhyanAma uzInarANI, purukutsAnI tathA mudgalAnI Adi / janmadina ko hI rakhA jAtA hai| vikalpa rUpa se do varSa nAma-rUpa-dRzya jagat ke saMkSipta varNana ke lie yaha pada ke bhItara nAmakaraNa avazya karanA caahie| jananAzauca prayukta hotA hai| saMsAra ke sampUrNa padArtha apanI vividhatA prayukta hotA hai| saMsAra ke sampUNa padAtha bIta jAne para ghara Adi kI saphAI kI jAtI hai| tatpa meM inhIM donoM parikalpanAoM se jAne jAte haiM / brAhmaNoM meM zcAt zizu aura mAtA ko snAna karAyA jAtA hai / prAra AkhyAna hai ki brahma nAma-rUpAtmaka jagat kA vistAra kara mbhika dhArmika kRtya karane ke pazcAt mAtA zizu ko zuddha usI meM praviSTa ho gyaa| isa prakAra samasta nAma-rUpAvastra se Dhakakara use pitA ko sauMpa detI hai / tadanantara tmaka jagat brahmamaya hai| parantu tAttvika rUpa se brahma ko prajApati, tithi, nakSatra, nakSatradevatA, agni tathA soma ko jAnane ke lie vividha nAma-rUpoM ko chor3akara ekatva kI AhutiyA~ dI jAtI haiN| pitA zizu ke zvAsa-prazvAsa ko anubhUti Avazyaka hotI hai| ataH upaniSadoM meM prAyaH sparza karake use saceta karatA hai / isake pazcAt sunizcita kahA gayA hai 'nAparUpe vihAya' brahma ko smjho| nAma rakhA jAtA hai| pitA zizu ke kAna ke pAsa kahatA nArada-atharvaveda (5.19,9,12.4,16,24,41) meM nArada hai : "he zizu, tuma kuladevatA ke bhakta ho, tumhArA nAma nAmaka eka RSi kA nAmollekha aneka bAra huA hai| amuka hai....aadi|" upasthita brAhmaNa tathA svajana kahate aitareya brAhmaNa meM harizcandra ke purohita (6.13), somaka haiM : "yaha nAma pratiSThita ho|" isake pazcAt brAhmaNa sAhadevya ke zikSaka (7.34 ) tathA AmbaSThaya evaM bhojana tathA AzIrvacana ke sAtha saMskAra samApta hotA hai| yadhAzrauSTi ko abhiSikta karane vAle ke rUpa meM nArada yudhAdhASTi nAmakIrtana-navadhA (nava prakAra kI ) bhakti meM kIrtana parvata se yukta vyavahRta hue hai / maitrAyaNI saMhitA (1.8,8) kA dUsarA sthAna hai / gaurAGga mahAprabhu ke samaya se baMgAla meM ye eka AcArya aura sAmavidhAnabrAhmaNa ( 3.9 ) meM meM 'nAmakIrtana' kI maNDaliyA~ bar3e utsAha se kIrtana bRhaspati ke ziSya ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| chAndogyopanikaratI A rahI haiN| Ajakala nAmakIrtana kA pracAra Sada (6.1, 1 ) meM ye sanatkumAra ke sAtha ullikhita haiN| sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM meM dIkha par3atA hai| purANoM meM nArada kA nAma bArambAra saGgIta vidyA ke AcArya ke rUpa meM AyA hai| nArada nAmaka eka smRtikAra nAmadeva-rAmopAsaka vaiSNavoM meM bhaktavara nAmadeva kA nAma bhI hue haiM / mahAbhArata meM mokSadharma ke nArAyaNIya AkhyAna Adara se liyA jAtA hai| inhoMne mahArASTra meM rAmopA meM nArada kI uttaradezIya yAtrA kA vivaraNa hai, jisameM sanA kA vizeSa pracAra kiyA thA / nAmadeva kA samaya unhoMne nara-nArAyaNa RSiyoM kI tapazcaryA dekhakara unase 13vIM zatI kA anta evaM 14vIM kA prArambha hai / unakI prazna kiyA tathA unhoMne nArada ko 'pAJcarAtra' dharma aneka racanAe~ sikkhoM ke 'grantha sAhaba' meM uddhRta hai / sunaayaa| nAmaprakAra-gRhyasUtroM meM bAlakoM ke kaI prakAra ke nAradakuNDa-badarInAtha meM taptakuNDa se alakanandA taka nAma rakhane ke aneka niyama diye gaye haiM, kintu adhika eka parvatazilA phailI huI hai| isake nIce alakanandA ke mahattvapUrNa hai guhya evaM sAdhAraNa nAmoM kA antara / Rgveda kinAre para nAradakuNDa hai jahA~ yAtrI puNyArtha snAna tathA brAhmaNoM meM bhI guhya nAma kA ullekha hai| zatapatha karate haiM / vraja meM govardhana parvata ke nikaTa bhI eka nAradabrAhmaNa meM indra kA eka guhyanAma arjuna hai / zatapatha kuNDa hai| brAhmaNa meM eka anya nAma saphalatAprApti ke lie grahaNa nAradaparivAjaka upaniSad-yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai| karane ko kahA gayA hai| dUsare nAma ke dhAraNa karane kA tAradapaJcarAtra-prAcIna 'pAJcarAtra' sampradAya kA pratipA

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362 nAradapurANa-mArAyaNa daka 'nAradapaJcarAtra' nAmaka eka prasiddha vaiSNava grantha hai| usameM dasoM mahAvidyAoM kI kathA vistAra se kahI gayI hai| nAradapaJcarAtra aura jJAnAmRtasAra se patA calatA hai ki bhAgavata dharma ko paramparA bauddha dharma ke phailane para bhI naSTa nahIM ho skii| isake anusAra haribhajana hI mukti kA parama kAraNa hai| ___ kaI varSa pahale isa grantha kA prakAzana kalakattA se huA thaa| yaha bahulaarthI grantha hai| isameM kucha bhAga viSNusvAmiyoM tathA kucha vallabhoM dvArA jor3a diye gaye jAna par3ate haiN| nAradapurANa-nAradIya mahApurANa meM pUrva aura uttara do khaNDa haiM / pUrva khaNDa meM 125 adhyAya haiM aura uttara khaNDa meM 82 adhyAya / isake anusAra isa purANa meM 25,000 zloka hone caahie| bRhannAradIya purANa upapurANa hai| kAttikamAhAtmya, dattAtreyastotra, pArthivaliGgamAhAtmya, mRgavyAdhakathA, yAdavagirimAhAtmya, zrIkRSNa- mAhAtmya, saGkaTagaNapatistotra ityAdi kaI choTI-choTI pothiyA~ nAradapurANa ke hI antargata samajhI jAtI haiN| yaha vaiSNava purANa hai| viSNupurANa meM racanAkrama se yaha chaThA batAyA gayA hai / parantu isameM prAyaH sabhI purANoM kI saMkSipta viSayasUcI zlokabaddha dI gayI hai| isase jAna par3atA hai ki isa mahApurANa meM kama se kama itanA aMza avazya hI una saba purANoM se pIche kA hai| isakI yahI vizeSatA hai ki ukta ullekha se anya purANoM ke purAne saMskaraNoM kA ThIka-ThIka patA lagatA hai aura purANa tathA upapurANa kA antara bhI mAlUma ho jAtA hai| nAradabhaktisUtra-nArada aura zANDilya ke race do bhaktisUtra prasiddha haiM jinheM vaiSNava AcArya apane nirdezaka grantha mAnate haiM / donoM bhAgavata purANa para AdhArita haiN| donoM meM se kisI meM rAdhA kA varNana nahIM hai| nAradabhaktisUtra bhASA tathA vicAra donoM hI dRSTiyoM se sarala hai| nAradasmRti-207-550 I0 ke madhya race gaye dharmazAstragranthoM meM nArada tathA bRhaspati kI smRtiyoM kA sthAna mahattvapUrNa hai| vyavahAra para nArada ke do saMskaraNa pAye jAte haiM, jinameM se laghu saMskaraNa kA sampAdana tathA anuvAda jaoNlI ne 1876 I0 meM kiyA thaa| 1885 I0 meM bar3e saMskaraNa kA prakAzana bhI jaoNlo ne hI 'bibliothikA iNDikA sIrIja' meM kiyA thA aura isakA aMgrejI anuvAda 'saikreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa sIrIja' (jilda, 33 ) meM kiyaa| yAjJavalkyasmRti meM jina smRtiyoM kI sUcI pAyI jAtI hai usameM nAradasmRti kA ullekha nahIM hai aura na parAzara hI nArada kI gaNanA smRtikAroM meM karate haiM / kintu vizvarUpa ne vRddha-yAjJavalkya ke jina zlokoM ko uddhRta kiyA hai unameM smRtikAroM meM nArada kA sthAna sarvaprathama hai ( yAjJa0, 1.4-5 para vizvarUpa kI TIkA ) / isase prakaTa hotA hai ki nAradasmati kI racanA yAjJavalkya aura parAzara smRtiyoM ke pazcAt huI / nAradasmRti kA jo saMskaraNa prakAzita hai usake prathama tIna (prastAvanA ke ) adhyAya vyavahAramAtRkA ( adAlatI kArravAI ) tathA sabhA ( nyAyAlaya ) ke Upara haiN| isake pazcAt nimnalikhita vAdasthAna diye gaye haiM : RNAdhAna ( RNa vApasa prApta karatA ), upanidhi (jamAnata ), sambhUya samutthAna (sahakAritA), dattApradAnika (karAra karake na denA), abhyupetya azuzrUSA (sevAanuvandha bhaGga), vetanasya anapAkarma ( vetana kA bhugatAna na karanA ), asvAmivikraya ( vinA svAmya ke vikraya), vikrIyAsampradAna ( becakara sAmAna na denA), krItAnuzaya (kharIdakara na lenA), samayasyAnapAkarma (nigama, zreNI Adi ke niyamoM kA bhaGga ), sImAbandha ( sImAvivAda ), strIpuMsayoga ( vaivAhika sambandha ), dAyabhAga (paitRka sampatti kA uttarAdhikAra aura vibhAga ), sAhasa (balaprayoga-aparAdha ), vAkpAruNya ( mAnahAni, gAlI), daNDapAruSya ( coTa aura kSati pahu~cAnA), prakIrNaka (vividha aparAdha ) / pariziSTa meM caurya evaM divya pramANa kA nirUpaNa hai| nArada vyavahAra meM paryApta sImA taka manu ke anuyAyI haiM / nArAyaNa-(1) mahAbhArata, mokSadharma ke nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna meM varNana hai ki nArada uttara dizA kI lambI yAtrA karate hae kSIrasAgara ke taTa para jA nikale / usake bIca zvetadvIpa thA, jisake nivAsI zveta puruSa nArAyaNa arthAt viSNu kI pUjA karate the| Age una logoM kI pavitratA, dharma Adi kA varNana hai / mahopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki nArAyaNa arthAt viSNu hI ananta brahma hai, unhIM se sAMkhya ke pacIsa tattva utpanna

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nArAyaNatIrtha-nAlAyira prabandham hue evaM ziva tathA brahmA unake Azrita devatA haiM, jo satAye jAne ke bAda eka zahatIra ke nIce dabAkara mArA unakI dhyAnazakti se utpanna hue haiN| jAtA hai| kahate haiM ki yahI vidhi devatA ko pasanda hai| __ nArAyaNa tathA Atmabodha upaniSadoM meM nArAyaNa kA nArAyaNaputra-sAmasaMhitA ke bhASyakAroM meM se eka haiN| mantra uddhata hai tathA ina upaniSadoM kA mukhya viSaya hI nArAyaNabali----roga Adi kI durdazA yA durghaTanA meM mRta nArAyaNamantra hai| yaha mantra hai 'om namo nArAyaNAya' / / vyaktiyoM kI sadgati ke lie kiyA jAnevAlA vizeSa pitayahI mantra zrIvaiSNava sampradAya kA dIkSAmantra bhI hai| karma, jisake antargata preta ke sAtha kaI devatA pUje jAte (2) mahArASTrIya santa nArAyaNa / inakA nAma bAda meM hai aura nArAyaNa (zAlagrAma) kA pUjana, abhiSeka evaM homa samartha rAmadAsa (1608-81 I0 ) ho gayA, jo svAmI saMpAdita hotA hai| rAmAnandajI ke bhakti Andolana se prabhAvita the| ye kavi nArAyaNamantrArtha-yaha AcArya rAmAnujaracita eka grantha hai| the kintu inakI racanAe~ tukArAma ke sadRza sAhityika nahIM nArAyaNa viSNu-zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke anuyAyI zrI athavA haiM / inakA vyaktigata prabhAva zivAjI para vizeSa thaa| lakSmI evaM viSNu ke atirikta kisI anya deva kI inakI kAvyaracanA kA nAma 'dAsabodha' hai jo dhArmika hone bhakti yA pUjA nahIM karate haiM / inake ArAdhyadeva hai nArAkI apekSA dArzanika adhika hai| yaNa, viSNu / de0 'nArAyaNa / ' (3) bhASyakAra evaM vRttikAra nArAyaNa / nArAyaNa nAma nArAyaNa sarasvatI-yogadarzana ke eka vyAkhyAkAra, jo ke eka vidvAn ne zAGkhAyanazrautasUtra kA bhASya likhA hai| govindAnanda sarasvatI ke ziSya the tathA 'maNiprabhA' TIkA ye nArAyaNa tathA AzvalAyanasUtra ke bhASyakAra nArAyaNa ke racayitA rAmAnanda sarasvatI ke samakAlIna the / inhoMne do bhinna vyakti haiM / taittirIya upaniSad ke eka TIkAkAra 1649 vi0 meM yogazAstra kA eka grantha likhaa| kA bhI nAma nArAyaNa hai / zvetAzvatara evaM maitrAyaNIyopani nArAyaNasaMhitA-madhva ne apane bhASya meM Rgveda, upaniSad Sad (yajurveda kI upaniSadoM) ke eka vRttikAra kA bhI nAma tathA gItA ke atirikta kucha purANoM evaM vaiSNava saMhitAoM nArAyaNa hai / chAndogya tathA kenopaniSad (sAmavedIya) para kA bhI uddharaNa diyA hai| ina saMhitAoM meM 'nArAyaNabhI nArAyaNa ne TIkA likhI hai| atharvavedIya upaniSad saMhitA' bhI eka hai| muNDaka, mANDUkya, prazna evaM nRsiMhatApanI para bhI nArAyaNa kI TIkAe~ haiN| nArAyaNa upaniSad ( nArAyaNopaniSad)-isa upaniSad meM ___ uparyukta upaniSadoM ke TIkAkAra tathA vRttikAra nArA prasiddha nArAyaNamantra 'om namo nArAyaNAya' kI vyAkhyA yaNa eka hI vyakti jJAta hote haiM, jo sambhavataH IsA kI kI gayI hai| caudahavIM zatI meM hue the / ye mAdhava ke guru zaGkarAnanda ke nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna-mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva, mokSadharma bAda hue the| inhoMne apane bhASyoM meM 52 upaniSadoM kA prakaraNa meM nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna vaNita hai / de0 'nArAyaNa' / nAma likhA hai, jo aitihAsika dRSTi se prasiddha hai| nArAyaNIyopaniSad-taittirIya AraNyaka kA dasavA~ prapAThaka nArAyaNatIrtha-brahmAnanda sarasvatI ke vidyAguru svAmI yAjJikI' athavA 'nArAyaNIyopaniSad' ke nAma se vikhyAta nArAyaNa tIrtha the| hai / isameM mUrtimAn brahmatattva kA nirUpaNa hai| zaGgarAcArya nArAyaNadeva-(1) sUrya devatA kA paryAya nArAyaNadeva hai| ne isakA bhASya likhA hai / saura sampradAya meM sUrya hI nArAyaNa athavA jagadAtmA deva nArAyaNendra sarasvatI-sAyaNAcArya ke aitareya tathA kauSItaki aura ArAdhanIya hai| AraNyakoM ke bhASyoM para aneka TIkAe~ racI gayI hai| (2) 'baigA' nAmaka goMr3oM kI abrAhmaNa purohita jAti nArAyaNendra sarasvatI kI bhI eka TIkA ukta bhASyoM ke kuladevatA kA nAma nArAyaNadeva hai / jo sUrya ke pratIka para hai| yA unake samAna mAne jAte haiM / baigA loga apane devatA ke nAlAyira prabandham-nAtha muni ( yAmunAcArya ke pitAmaha yajJa meM sUara kI bali dete haiN| aise yajJa vivAha, janma tathA tathA rAmAnuja sampradAya ke pUrvAcArya) ne nammAlavAra tathA mRtyu jaise avasaroM para hote haiN| balipazu nAnA prakAra se anya AlavAroM kI racanAoM kA saMgraha kiyA tathA usakA

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364 nAsatya-nAsikapaMcavaTI nAma rakhA 'nAlAyira prabandham' athavA 'cAra sahasra gItoM kA saMgraha / ' isa para aneka bhASya race gaye haiM / nAtha muni ne isa grantha ke gItoM kA pATha tathA gAna karanA apane anu- yAyiyoM kA dainika kAryakrama banA diyaa| nAsatya-(1) yaha vaidika yugma devatA azvinau kA eka viruda hai| inake do viruda haiM. 'dasra' aura 'nAsatya' / 'dasra' kA artha hai Azcaryajanaka tathA 'nAsatya' kA artha hai na + asatya arthAt jo kabhI asaphala na ho| azvinI svAsthya aura satya ke devatA haiN| (2) uttarI IrAna sthita prAgaitihAsika bogAjakoI paTTikA para nAsatya kA nAma mitra, varuNa aura indra ke sAtha prayukta huA hai / usameM nAsatya zabda kA gaThana prakaTa karatA hai ki sa kA ha meM bhASika parivartana taba taka nahIM huA thaa| isalie yaha zabda bhArata-IrAnI kAla kA hai| laghu avestA meM hama daitya nAona hethya kA nAma pAte haiM jo nAsatya kI padAvanati ke phalasvarUpa banA hai| ataeva nAsatyA (u) nizcaya hI bhArata-IrAnI athavA pUrva IrAnI devatA haiN| nAsadIya sUkta-Rgveda meM jJAnakANDa sambandhI sRSTivijJAna viSayaka do sUkta haiM-nAsadIya tathA puruSasUkta / nAsadIya sUkta Rgveda, 10.129 kI prathama paMkti "nAsadAsInno sadAsIt tadAnIm' ke Arambhika zabda nAsada ke AdhAra para prastuta sUkta kA nAsadIya nAma huA hai| isameM prakRti ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se sRSTi racanA kA kA ullekha hai jisakA bhAvArtha nimnalikhita hai : (nAsadAsIt) jaba yaha kAryasRSTi utpanna nahIM huI thI, taba eka sarvazaktimAn paramezvara aura dUsarA jagat kA kAraNa arthAt jagat banAne kI sAmagrI vartamAna thI / usa samaya ( asat ) zanya nAma AkAza, arthAt (jo netroM se dekhane meM nahIM AtA) bhI nahIM thA, kyoMki usa samaya usakA vyavahAra nahIM thaa| (no sadAsIttadAnIm) usa kAla meM sat arthAt sattva guNa, rajoguNa aura tamoguNa milAkara jo pradhAna kahalAtA hai, vaha bhI nahIM thA / ( nAsIdrajaH ) usa samaya paramANu bhI nahIM the tathA (no vyomA) virAT arthAt jo saba sthUla jagat ke vikAsa kA sthAna hai so bhI nahIM thaa| (kimA0) jo yaha vartamAna jagat hai, vaha ananta zuddha brahma ko nahIM Dhaka sakatA aura usase adhika va athAha bhI nahIM ho sktaa| (na mRtyuH) jaba jagan nahIM thA taba mRtyu bhI nahIM thii| andhakAra kI sattA bhI nahIM thI, kyoMki andhakAra prakAza ke abhAva kA hI nAma hai / taba prakAza kI utpatti huI nahIM thii| isI mahA andhakAra se DhakA huA yaha saba kucha (bhAvI vizvasattA) cihna aura vibhAgarahita (ajJeya tathA avibhakta) evaM deza tathA kAla ke vibhAga se zUnya sthiti meM sarvatra sama aura viSama bhAva se bilkula eka meM milA huA phailA thaa| (to bhI) jo kucha sattA thI vaha zUnyatA se DhakI huI thI ( kyoMki ) AkAzAdi kI utpatti nahIM huI thI aura kisI prakAra kA AkAra nahIM thaa| (kyoMki) AkAra se hI sRSTi kA Arambha hotA hai / tapas kI mahAn zakti se (uparyukta asaSTi kI dazA meM) 'eka' kI utpatti huii| usa eka meM pahale-pahala lIlAvistAra kI kAmanA utpanna huii| usa eka ke manana yA vicAra se yaha kAmanA bIja ke rUpa meM huii| tadanantara RSiyoM ne vicAra kiyA aura apane hRdaya meM khojA to patA calA ki yahI kAmanA sat aura asat ko bA~dhane kA kAraNa huI / inakI vibhAjaka rekhA (sadasat meM viveka karane kI rekhA) tiryak rUpa se phaila gyii| phira usake Upara kyA thA aura nIce kyA thA? utpanna karane vAlA retas arthAt bIja thA, mahAvalavAn zaktiyA~ thiiN| idhara jahA~ svacchanda kriyA thI udhara pare ( kriyApraNodaka bhI ) mahAzakti thii| sacamuca kauna jAnatA hai aura yahA~ kauna kaha sakatA hai ki (yaha saba) kahA~ se upajA aura isa vizva kI sRSTi kahA~ se AyI / devatAoM kI utpatti bAda kI hai aura yaha sRSTi pahale prArambha huA / phira kauna jAna sakatA hai ki yaha saba kaise Arambha huii| (veda ne jo uparyukta varNana kiyA hai vaha vedoM ko hI kase jJAta huA; yahA~ vyAja se vedoM kA anAdi honA vyaMjita hotA hai)| jisase vizva kI sRSTi Arambha huI usane yaha saba racA hai (apanI icchAzakti se sRSTi kI preraNA kI hai) yA nahIM racA hai, arthAt usakI preraNA ke binA Apa ho Apa ho gayA hai| parama vyoma meM jisakI A~kheM isa vizva kA nirIkSaNa kara rahI haiM vastutaH (ina donoM bAtoM ke rahasya ko) vahI jAnatA hai / yA zAyada vaha bhI nahIM jAnatA (kyoMki usa nirguNa aura nirAkAra meM saSTi se pahale jJAna, icchA aura kriyA ina tInoM kA bhAva nahIM thaa)| nAsika paMcavaTI-yaha mahArASTra kA prAcIna tIrthasthAna hai| nAsika aura paJcavaTI vastutaH eka hI nagara hai| nagara ke

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nAstika-nikumbhapUjA 365 bIca se godAvarI nadI bahatI hai| dakSiNa kI ora nagara varSa se bAhara anyAnya dezoM meM bhI phailaa| yaha eka bhArI kA mukhya bhAga hai use nAsika kahate hai aura uttarI bhAga parivartana thA, dhArmika krAnti thI jisase zrutiyoM aura ko paJcavaTI / godAvarI ke donoM taToM para devAlaya bane hue smRtiyoM ko loga vilkula bhUla gaye aura bauddhoM ko hai| paMcavaTI se tapovana aura dUsare tIrthoM kA darzana karane rAjyAzraya mila jAne se nAstika mata prabala ho gayA / meM suvidhA hotI hai| rAvaNa ne yahIM se sItAharaNa kiyA (2) sAmAnya artha meM Izvara athavA paramArtha meM vizvAsa thA / yahA~ bRhaspati ke siMha rAzi meM Ane para bAraha varSa na karanevAle ko nAstika kahate haiM / ke antara se snAnaparva yA kumbhamelA hotA hai| nAsika se nAstikadarzana-vedoM ke pramANa ko mAnanevAle Astika 7-8 kosa dUra 'tryambakezvara' jyotiliGga tathA nIla parvata aura na mAnane vAle nAstika kahalAte haiM / cArvAka, mAdhyake uttuMga zikhara para godAvarI gaMgA kA udagama srota hai| mika, yogAcAra, sautrAntika, vaibhASika evaM Arhata ye chahaH yaha pradeza bar3A ramaNIka hai| nAstika darzana haiM / de0 sarvadarzanasaMgraha nAmaka grantha / nAstika-jo Astika nahIM hai vaha 'nAstika' kahalAtA hai| nAstikamata-'nAstika darzana' zabda meM cha: nAstika darzana isakA zAbdika artha hai 'na + asti / (koI sthAyI sattA) ginAye jA cuke hai / viparIta matasahiSNu bhArata meM Astika nahIM hai ] kahane vAlA', arthAt jo mAnatA hai ki 'Izvara aura nAstika donoM taraha ke vicAroM kA Adi kAla se nahIM hai| kintu hindU dharma kI pAribhASika zabdAvalI pUrNa vikAsa hotA calA AyA hai / Astika tathA nAstika meM 'nAstika' usako kahate haiM jo veda ke prAmANya ko donoM daloM kI paramparA aura saMskRti samAna calI AyI nahIM mAnatA hai (nAstiko vedanindakaH) / isa prakAra bauddha, hai / donoM kA itihAsa eka hI hai| hA~, pratyeka dala ne arhata, cArvAka Adi sampradAya nAstika mAne jAte haiN| svabhAvataH apane itihAsa meM apanA utkarSa dikhAyA hai| nAstikatA--(1) nAstika kA paramparAgata artha hai 'jo ( vibhinna nAstika matoM ko nAstika darzanoM ke antargata veda kI nindA karatA hai' ( nAstiko vedanindakaH ) / ataH dekhie|) veda ke pramANa meM vizvAsa na karanA nAstikatA hai / Izvara nAstika hinda-de0 'naastik'| meM vizvAsa na karane se koI nAstika nahIM hotA / mImAMsA nikumbhapUjA-(1) isa vrata meM caitra zukla caturdazI ko aura sAMkhya donoM darzana Izvara ke astitva kI AvazyakatA upavAsa tathA pUrNimA ko hari kA pUjana karanA caahie| nahIM samajhate / phira bhI ve Astika mAne jAte haiM / pizAcoM kI senA ke sAtha nikumbha nAmaka rAkSasa lar3ane ke nAstikatA tathA nAstikoM kI carcA vedoM meM pracura lie jAtA hai| eka miTTI kI pratimA athavA ghAsa kA mAtrA meM hai| nAstikoM ko yahA~ asura yoni meM ginA putalA banAkara pratyeka ghara meM mavyAhna ke samaya sthApita gayA hai / inakI paramparA ati purAnI hai yA kama se kama karate hue puSpa tathA dhUpa, dIpa, naivedyAdi se pUjana karanA utanI hI purAnI hai jitanI AstikoM kii| mahAbhArata cAhie / nagAr3e tathA sAraGgI Adi vAdyayantra bhI bajAne kAla meM bhI nAstika the / cArvAka kI carcA mahAbhArata meM caahie| candrodaya ke samaya punaH pUjana kA vidhAna hai| AyI hai / jAbAli ke kathana se patA calatA hai ki rAmAyaNa pUjA ke bAda ekadama titara-bitara ho jAnA caahie| kAla meM bhI nAstika logoM kI saMkhyA acchI rahI hogii| vratI ko cAhie ki vaha vAdya, saMgIta Adi se eka bar3A bauddhoM aura jainoM kI carcA se kucha loga samajhate haiM ki ye mahotsava manAye / janatA ghAsa ke bane hue sarpa se khele, jo aMza pIche se milAye gaye haiM athavA ina granthoM kI racanA lakar3iyoM se ghirA ho| tIna-cAra dina bAda usa sarpa ke hI pIche huI hai / parantu yaha dhAraNA bhrAnta hai / mahAbhArata Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye jAya~ tathA una TukaDoM ko eka varSa ke bahuta pIche mahAvIra jina tathA gautama buddha ke samaya se taka rakhA jAya / nIlamata purANa (10 64, zloka 781nAstika matoM kA pracAra bar3hA aura dhIre-dhIre sAre deza meM 790 ) ke anusAra yaha "caitrapizAcavarNanam" hai| rAjA aura prajA meM vyApa gyaa| bauddha mata ke Atyantika (2) Azvina pUrNimA ko (mahilAoM, baccoM tathA vRddhoM pracAra se Astika dharmoM aura varNavibhAga kA kucha kAla ko chor3akara) puruSa loga gRha ke mukhya dvAra ke pAsa agni ke lie hrAsa ho gyaa| nAstika mata kA prabhAva bhArata sthApita karake dina bhara nirAhAra rahakara usakA pUjana

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366 karate haiN| pUrNimA ko rudra tathA umA, skanda, nandIzvara, revanta kA pUjana karanA caahie| tila, akSata tathA mASa ( urada) se nikumbha rAkSasa ke pUjana karane kA vidhAna hai / rAtri ko brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara loga svayaM bhI nirAmiSa bhojana kareM, yaha vidhAna hai / isake bAda rAtri bhara gIta, vAdya, saMgIta, nRtyAdi kA Ayojana kareM / dUsare dina ArAma ke sAtha prabhAta kAla meM miTTI ityAdi zarIra meM potakara pizAcoM ke samAna binA lajjA anubhava karate hue kheleM - kuudeN| mitroM ko bhI miTTI, kIcar3a Adi malate hue azlIla zabdoM kA prayoga kareM / madhyAhna ke pazcAt ve snAna kareM yadi koI puruSa isa kAmotsava meM apane Apako lipsa nahIM karatA to vaha pizAcoM se pIr3ita hotA hai| (3) caitra kRSNa caturdazI ko bhagavAn zambhu kI tathA pizAcoM se ghire nikumbha nAmaka rAkSasa kI pUjA hotI hai, usa dina rAta ko logoM ko cAhie ki ve pizAcoM se apane baccoM kI rakSA kareM tathA vezyAoM kA nRtya dekheM / nikSubhASacatuSTayagata nikSubhA sUrya nArAyaNa kI patnI kA nAma hai kRSNa pakSa kI saptamI ko nibhA kA vrata kiyA jAtA hai / isameM upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| eka varSa taka yaha anuSThAna calatA hai| isameM sUrya tathA unakI patnI nikSubhA kI pratimAoM kA pUjana hotA hai| mahilA vratI isa vrata ke AcaraNa se sUryaloka jAyeMgI tathA janmAntara meM rAjA ko apane pati ke rUpa meM prApta kareMgI / puruSa loga bhI sUryaloka prApta kareMge / mahAbhArata kA pATha karane vAlA eka paMDita eka varSa ke anuSThAna ke lie baiThAnA caahie| varSa ke anta meM sUrya tathA nikSubhA kI svarNAlaGkAravastra vibhUSita pratimAoM ko mahAbhArata kA pATha karane vAle kI patnI ko dAna meM denA cAhie / nizubhAkaM saptamI - paSThI, saptamI, saMkrAnti athavA kisI ravivAra ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna prArambha hotA hai aura eka varSa taka calatA hai / svarNa, rajata athavA kASTha kI sUrya tathA nizubhA (sUrvapatnI) kI pratimAoM ko upavAsa karate hue ghI ityAdi padArthoM se snAna karAkara homa tathA pUjana karanA caahie| sUryabhaktoM ko bhojana karAnA cAhie isa vrata kA phala yaha hai ki manuSya ke samasta saMkalpa tathA icchAe~ pUrNa hotI haiM tathA sUrya aura anya lokoM kI prApti hotI hai / nikSubhAkaMcatuSTayavrata nityA rAdhanavidhi nigama - jJAna kI vaha paddhati jo antatogatvA sAkSAt anubhUti para AdhArita hai, nigama kahalAtI hai| isIlie svayaM sAkSAtkRta (anubhUta) vedoM ko nigama kahate haiN| isase bhinna jJAna kI jo paddhati tarpha praNAlI para avalambita hai vaha Agama kahalAtI hai / isIlie darzanoM ko Agama kahate haiM / isa paramparA meM bauddha aura jaina darzana pramukhataH Agamika haiN| hindU dharma-darzanaparamparA nigamAgama kA samanvaya karatI hai / niyamapariziSTa kAtyAyanaracita aneka paddhati aura pari ziSTa grantha yajurvedIya zrotrasUtra ke antargata haiN| kaI sthaloM para inameM 'nigmapariziSTa' evaM 'caraNavyUha' granthoM kA bhI nAmollekha hai / nighaNTu - veda ke artha ko spaSTa karane ke sambandha meM do ati prAcIna grantha haiN| eka hai nighaNTu tathA anya haiM yAska kA nirukta | nighaNTu zabda kI vyutpatti prAyaH isa prakAra se kI jAtI hai 'nizcayena ghaTayati paThati zabdAn iti nighnnttuH|' isameM vaidika paryAya zabdoM kA saMgraha hai| isake nighaNTu nAma par3ane kA eka kAraNa yaha bhI batalAyA jAtA haiM ki isa koza meM una zabdoM kA saMgraha hai jo mantrArtha ke nigamaka athavA jJApaka haiN| ina zabdoM kA rahasya jAne binA vedoM kA yathArtha Azaya samajha meM nahIM A sakatA / nighaNTu pAMca adhyAoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama tIna adhyAyoM meM ekArthaka, caturtha meM anekArthaka tathA paJcama meM devatAvAcaka zabdoM kA vizeSa rUpa se saMgraha kiyA gayA hai / isI nighaNTu para mAska kA nirukta likhA gayA hai| nijaguNazivayogI- nijaguNayogI athavA nijaguNa zivayogI eka hI vyakti ke do nAma haiM / ye vIrazaiva sampradAya ke eka AcArya the / inhoMne 'vivekacintAmaNi' nAma kA zaiva vizvakoza taiyAra kiyA thA inakA prAdurbhAvakAla satrahavIM zatI vi0 hai | nityapaddhati - AcArya rAmAnuja racita yaha eka grantha hai / nityavAda -- yaha vedAnta kA eka siddhAnta hai / isake anusAra vastusattA sthAyI aura nizcala hai| saMsAra meM dikhAI par3anevAlA parivartana aura vidhvaMsa pratIyamAna athavA avAstavika hai / isa prakAra vastusattA kI nityatA meM vizvAsa rakhanevAlA yaha vAda hai / nityArAdhanavidhi - yaha AcArya rAmAnujaracita eka grantha hai|

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nityAtantra-nimbArka 367 nityAtantra-eka tantragrantha kA nAma / santAna ke rUpa meM avatarita hoM aura phira donoM kA gokula nityAnanvatantra--eka tantra kA nAma / meM vinimaya huaa| kaMsa ne usa kanyA kI TAMga pakar3akara nityAnandamizra-ye bahadAraNyaka upaniSad ke vRttilekhaka zilA para jyoM hI paTakanA cAhA ki vaha hAtha se chaTakara the / inakI vRtti kA nAma hai 'mitAkSarA' / AkAza meM calI gayI tathA indra ne ise apanI bahina mAnanityAnanvAzrama-chAndogya evaM kenopaniSad ke eka vRtti- kara vindhya parvata para baiThA diyaa| vahA~ devI ne zumbha tathA lekhaka kA nAma / nizumbha nAmaka do daityoM kA vadha kiyA aura viSNu ke nityAnanda-caitanya mahAprabhu ke pramukha sahayogI / nityAnanda vacana ke anusAra usakA pUjana aura sammAna jagat meM pahale madhva aura pIche caitanya ke prabhAva meM Aye / caitanya pracalita ho gyaa| sampradAya kI vyavasthA kA kArya inhIM ke kandhoM para thA, nimbasaptamI-vaizAkha zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA prArambha kyoMki caitanya svayaM vyavasthApaka nahIM the| caitanya ke| hotA hai| eka varSaparyanta vrata calatA hai| isameM sUrya kI paraloka gamana ke bAda bhI inhoMne sampradAya kI vyavasthA pUjA kA vidhAna hai| kamala kI AkRti banAkara sUrya surakSita rakhI tathA sadasyoM ke AcaraNa ke niyama banAye / (khakholka) ko sthApita karanA cAhie / isakA mUla mantra nityAnanda ke bAda inake putra vIracandra ne pitA ke bhAra hai : 'oM khakholkAya namaH' / bAraha Aditya, jaya, vijaya ko sNbhaalaa| caitanya svayaM zaGkarAcArya ke dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM meM se bhAratI zAkhA ke saMnyAsI the| kintu zeSa, vAsuki, vinAyaka, mahAzvetA tathA rAnI suvarcalA ko sUrya kI pratimA ke sAmane sthApita kiyA jAnA cAhie nityAnanda tathA vIracandra ne sarala jIvana yApana karane tathA sUrya kI pratimA ke sammukha zayana karanA caahie| vAle tathA sarala anuzAsana vAle Adhunika sAdhuoM ke dala ko janma diyA, jo vairAgI tathA vairAginI khlaaye| ye aSTamI ko punaH sUryapUjana karane kI vidhi hai / isase vratI samasta rogoM se mukta ho jAtA hai| vairAgI rAmAnanda ke dvArA pracalita vairAgI pantha ke DhaMga ke the| nimbArka-eka vaiSNava sampradAyapravartaka AcArya / ye Andhra nityAnandadAsa-vi0 saM0 1692 meM nityAnandadAsa ne pradeza ke eka vidvAn bhAgavatadharmI the, jo vraja meM jA caitanya sampradAya ke itihAsa para premavilAsa nAmaka eka base the / inhoMne rAdhA kI pUjA ko mAnyatA dI tathA chandobaddha grantha likhaa| apanA eka sampradAya sthApita kiyA / inakA samaya nityAhnikatilaka tantra-isa grantha meM zAkkoM ke 'kubjikA- nizcita nahIM hai / nimbArka bhedAbheda darzana ke mAnane vAle sampradAya' ke dainika kriyA-karma kA varNana milatA hai| the| nimbArka kA prArambhika nAma bhAskara thA / ataH kucha isakI racanA 1294 vi0 ke lagabhaga huI thii| vidvAn socate haiM ki nimbArka evaM bhAskarAcArya (900 I0), nidrA-yogadarzana ke anusAra jAgrat avasthA se svapna / jinhoMne bhedAbheda bhASya racA, eka hI vyakti haiN| kintu avasthA meM jAne kA nAma nidrA hai| kintu yaha eka sthUla yaha asambhava hai ki eka hI vyakti zuddha vedAntI bhASya zArIrika kriyA hai| mana isameM kriyAzIla banA rahatA hai tathA sAmpradAyika vRtti likhe / vraja meM rAdhA-upAsanA aura cetanA se zUnya nahIM hotA hai| ke pracalana kI ghaTanA bhAskarAcArya ke kAphI pIche kI hai nidrA kAlarUpiNI (durgA)-durgA ke eka rUpa ko yoganidrA (lagabhaga 1100 I0) / nimbArka rAmAnuja se kAphI yA nidrA-kAlarUpiNI kahate haiN| usakI pUjA kA sambandha prabhAvita the tathA unhIM kI taraha dhyAna para adhika jora viSNu-kRSNa se hai| harivaMza meM eka kathA varNita hai dete the / inake anusAra rAdhA kRSNa kI zAzvata patnI haiN| ki kaMsa ko mArane ke lie viSNa pAtAla loka gaye / vahA~ apane pati ke sadRza hI ve vRndAvana meM avatarita haI tathA unhoMne nidrA-kAlarUpiNI se sahAyatA mA~gI tathA usako unakI vivAhitA patnI huI / nimbArkoM ke kRSNa viSNu ke vacana diyA ki tumako maiM devI kA sammAna dilaauuNgaa| avatAra mAtra nahIM haiM, ve brahma haiM tathA unhIM se rAdhA, unhoMne usase yazodA kI navIM santAna ke rUpa meM usI dina gopa yA gopI janma lete haiM, jo unake saMga goloka meM janma grahaNa karane ko kahA, jisa dina ve devakI kI AThavIM lIlA karate haiN|

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368 nimbArka (gaNa)-niyamayUthamAlikA nimbArka ne isa prakAra apanA sArA dhyAna kRSNa tathA sIkhI thii| inhIM nAradajI ne nimbArka ko upadeza diyA / rAdhA para kendrita kiyA hai| paravartI aneka sampradAya nimbArka ne apane vedAntabhASya meM sanatkumAra aura nArada unake RNI haiN| unhoMne vedAntasUtra para eka saMkSipta ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| nimbArka ne sAmpradAyika bhASya athavA vRtti likhI, jisakA nAma 'vedAntapArijAta- DhaMga se jisa mata kI zikSA pAyI thI use apanI pratibhA saurabha' hai tathA 'dazazlokI' nAmaka eka dasa padyoM kI se aura bhI ujjvala banA diyaa| pustikA racI hai| isa sampradAya kA bhASya zrInivAsa- nimbArkasampradAya kI eka prAcIna gurugaddI mathurA meM racita 'vedAntakaustubha' hai jo eka ucca koTi kA yamunA ke taTavartI dhruvakSetra meM hai / vaiSNavoM kA yaha pavitra tArkika grantha hai / bAda ke AcAryagaNa bhI vidvattApUrNa grantha tIrtha mAnA jAtA hai| aba anyatra bhI prabhAvazAlI likhate Aye haiM / inakI upAsanA vidhi ke nirdezaka grantha gurugaddiyA~ sthApita ho gayI haiN| isa sampradAya ke loga gautamIya saMhitA tathA brahmavaivarta purANa kA kRSNa sambandhI vizeSakara uttara bhArata meM hI rahate haiN| isa sampradAya bhAga hai, jo pIche se nimbArkadarzana ke rUpa meM sambhavataH kI eka vizeSatA yaha hai ki isake AcAryoM ne anya matoM isa purANa meM jor3a diyA gayA hai| 'zANDilyabhaktisUtra' ke AcAryoM kI taraha dUsare matoM kA khaNDana nahIM kiyA kI bhI nimbArka mata se hI utpatti mAnI jA sakatI hai| hai| kevala devAcArya ke grantha meM zAGkara mata para AkSepa nimbArka (gaNa)-nimbArka dvArA pravartita mata ko mAnane kiyA gayA hai| vAle nimbArka vaiSNava (gaNa) kahalAte haiN| inameM gRhastha nimbArkAcArya-de0 'nimbArka' / aura virakta donoM prakAra ke anuyAyI hote haiN| gurugaddI nimmappadAsa-eka karnATakI bhakta kA nAma / prAkRta bhASAoM ke saMcAlaka AcArya bhI donoM hI vargoM meM pAye jAte haiM, meM dhArmika granthoM ke likhe jAne ke Andolana ke prabhAva se jo ziSyoM ko mantropadeza karate hue kRSNabhakti kA pracAra kannaDa bhASA meM bhI grantha race gye| nimmappadAsa ne auroM karate rahate haiM / AcArya aura bhaktagaNa prAyaH bhajana-dhyAna kI taraha apanI racanAe~ (padya meM ) kannaDa bhASA meM evaM rAdhA-kRSNa kI yugala upAsanA kI ora hI unmukha likhI hai| rahate haiM, dArzanika siddhAnta kI abhiruci inameM adhika niyati-zAkta mata ke anusAra prAthamika saSTi ke dUsare nahIM pAyI jaatii| isIlie inakA samanvaya caitanya caraNa meM zakti ke bhUtirUpa kA sAmUhika prakaTana kUTastha saMpradAya, rAdhAvallabha saMpradAya, praNAmI saMpradAya, dharmadAsI puruSa tathA mAyA zakti ke rUpa meM hotA hai| kUTastha puruSa kabIra zAkhA, rAmAnandIya, khAlasAdala Adi ke sAtha bhI vyaktigata AtmAoM kA sAmUhika rUpa hai (madhumakkhiyoM kI sauhArda ke sAtha hotA AyA hai| vrajamaMDala, prayAga, kAzI, taraha ekatra huA) tathA mAyA vizva kA abhautika upAnepAla, baMgAla, ur3IsA, rAjasthAna, dvArakA Adi meM dAna hai / mAyA se niyati kI utpatti hotI hai, jo sabhI nimbAkiyoM kI gRhastha aura virakta gurugaddiyA~ aura maTha- vastuoM ko niyamita karatI hai| phira niyati se kAla mandira pAye jAte haiN| utpanna hotA hai jo cAlaka zakti hai / nimbArkasampradAya-yaha sampradAya vaiSNava catuHsaMpradAya kI niyama-yogadarzana meM nirdiSTa aSTAMga yoga kA dvitIya ghaTaka / eka zAkhA hai / dArzanika dRSTi se yaha bhedAbhedavAdI hai| isakI paribhASA hai : 'zauca-santoSa-tapaH-svAdhyAya-IzvarabhedAbheda aura dvaitAdvaita mata prAyaH eka hI hai| isa mata ke / praNidhAnAni niyamAH / [zauca, santoSa, tapa, svAdhyAya anusAra dvaita bhI satya hai aura advaita bhii| isa mata ke pradhAna aura Izvara kA dhyAna ye niyama kahalAte haiM / ] sAmAnya AcArya nimbArka ho gaye haiM parantu yaha mata ati prAcIna ___ artha hai 'svecchA se apane Upara niyantraNa rakhakara acchA hai / ise sanakAdisampradAya bhI kahate haiN| brahmA ke cAra __ abhyAsa vikasita karanA', jaise snAna, zuddhAcAra, zarIra ko mAnasa putra sanaka, sanandana, sanAtana aura sanatkumAra the| nirmala banAnA, santoSa, prasannatA, adhyayana, udAsInatA ye cAroM RSi isa mata ke AcArya kahe jAte haiM / chAndogya Adi / upaniSad meM sanatkumAra-mArada kI AkhyAyikA prasiddha hai| niyamayUthamAlikA-appaya dIkSita racita 'niyamayUthausameM kahA gayA hai ki nArada ne sanatkumAra se brahmavidyA mAlikA' rAmAnuja mata kA digdarzana karAtI hai /

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niyoga-nirukta niyoga-isakA zAbdika artha hai 'niyojana' athavA 'yojanA', svIkRti dete haiN| isa virodha kA itanA phala huA ki arthAta pati kI asamarthatA athavA abhAva meM aisI vyavasthA zArIrika Ananda ke lie niyoga na kara putra kI kAmanAjisase santAna utpanna ho sake / vaidika kAla se lekara vaza hI niyoga kI prathA raha gayI / garbhAdhAna ke bAda donoM 300 I0 pU0 taka vidhavA ke pati ke sAtha citA para (vidhavA tathA niyojita pati) alaga ho jAte the| dhIrejalane kA vidhAna nahIM thaa| usake jIvana vyatIta karane dhIre jaba santAnotpatti anivArya na rahI to niyoga prathA ke tIna mArga the--(1) AjIvana vaidhavya, (2) niyoga bhI banda ho gyii| Adhunika yuga meM svAmI dayAnanda dvArA santAna prApta karanA aura (3) punarvivAha / sarasvatI ne niyoga kA kucha anumodana kiyA parantu yaha prAcIna kAla meM niyoga aneka sabhyatAoM meM pracalita prathA punarjIvita nahIM huii| dhIre-dhIre vidhavAvivAha ke thaa| isakA kAraNa DhU~DhanA kaThina nahIM hai| strI pracalana se yaha prathA banda ho gayI / jo vidhavA vaidhavya kI pati kI hI nahIM balki usake parivAra kI sampatti samajhI kaThoratA kA pAlana karane meM asamartha ho usake lie punajAtI thI aura isI kAraNa pati ke marane ke bAda usakA vivAha karanA ucita mAnA gyaa| isase niyoga kI prathA devara (pati kA bhAI) use patnI ke rUpa meM grahaNa karatA tathA santAnotpAdana karatA thaa| prAcIna kAla meM grahaNa nirjalA ekAdazI-jyeSTha zukla ekAdazI ko nirjalA ekAkiye gaye 'dattaka' putra se niyoga dvArA paidA kiyA gayA putra dazI kahate haiM / isa dina prAtaH se lekara dUsare dina prAtaH zreSTha samajhA jAtA thaa| isalie use aurasa ke bAda taka upavAsa karanA caahie| isa dina jalagrahaNa bhI dUsarA sthAna prApta hotA thaa| mahAbhArata tathA purANoM ke niSiddha hai, kevala sandhyopAsanA ke samaya kiye gaye Acaaneka nAyaka niyoga se paidA hue the| manoM ko chor3akara / dUsare dina prAtaH zarkarAmizrita jala se niyoga praNAlI ke anusAra jaba kisI strI kA pati paripUrNa eka kalaza dAna meM dekara svayaM jalapAnAdi karanA mara jAtA yA santAnotpAdana ke ayogya hotA thA to vaha caahie| isase bArahoM dvAdaziyoM kA phala to prApta hotA apane devara yA kisI nikaTavartI sambandhI ke sAtha sahavAsa hI hai, vratI sIdhA viSNuloka ko jAtA hai / kara kucha santAna utpanna karatI thii| devara isa kArya ke nirAkAramImAMsA-guru nAnakaracita eka grantha / yaha saMskRta lie sarvazreSTha samajhA jAtA thaa| devara athavA sagotra ke bhASA meM racA gayA hai| abhAva meM kisI zreSTha brAhmaNa se niyoga karAyA jAtA thaa| nirAlamba upaniSad-yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai| paravartI smatiyoM meM niyoga dvArA eka hI putra paidA nirukta-veda kA artha spaSTa karane vAle do grantha ati karane kI AjJA dI gayI, kintu pahale kucha bhinna avasthA prAcIna samajhe jAte haiM, eka to nighaNTu tathA dUsarA yAska thI / kuntI ne apane pati se bAdhita ho niyoga dvArA tIna kA nirukta / kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra nighaNTu ke bhI racaputra prApta kiye the| pANDu isa saMkhyA se santuSTa nahIM the, yitA yAska hI the| durgAcArya ne nirukta para apanI kintu kuntI ne sujhAyA ki niyoga dvArA tIna hI putra paidA suprasiddha vRtti likhI hai| nirukta se zabdoM kI vyutpatti kiye jA sakate haiN| kSatriyoM ko aneka patroM kI kAmanA samajha meM AtI hai aura prasaMgAnusAra artha lagAne meM suvidhA huA karatI thI tathA prAgaitihAsika kAla meM niyoga se hotI hai| asaMkhya santAna paidA karane kI paripATI thii| vAstava meM vaidika artha ko spaSTa karane ke lie nirukta __300 I0 pU0 taka niyoga prathA pracalita thii| kintu kI purAnI paramparA thii| isa paramparA meM yAska kA isake bAda isakA virodha Arambha huaa| Apastamba, caudahavAM sthAna hai| yAska ne nighaNTu ke prathama tIna baudhAyana tathA manu ne isakA virodha kiyaa| manu ne ise adhyAyoM kI vyAkhyA nirukta ke prathama tIna adhyAyoM meM pazudharma kahA hai| vasiSTha tathA gautama ne isakA kevala kI hai / nighaNTu ke caturtha adhyAya kI vyAkhyA nirukta ke itanA hI virodha kiyA ki devara ke prApta hone para koI agale tIna adhyAyoM meM kI gayI hai| nighaNTa ke paJcama strI kisI aparicita se niyoga na kare / kauTilya eka adhyAya kI vyAkhyA nirukta ke zeSa chaH adhyAyoM meM bUr3he rAjA ko niyoga dvArA eka nayA putra prApta karane kI

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370 niruvanapurANa-nizI jaisA ki kahA gayA hai, nirukta kA uddezya hai vyutpatti / dhArI aura (2) siNdh| pahale ke chaH tathA dUsare ke tIna (prakRti-pratyaya) ke AdhAra para artha kA rahasya kholnaa| upavibhAga hai / siMghoM kI tIna zAkhAe~ haiM-(1) makhyataH do prakAra ke artha hote haiM-(1) sAmAnya aura khAlasA, (2) nirmala aura (3) akaalii| nirmala saMnyA(2) viziSTa / sAmAnya ke cAra bheda haiM-(1) kathita, siyoM kA dala hai| isa dala ke saMsthApaka vIrasiMha uccarita athavA vyAkhyAta (2) udghoSita (mahAbhAratAdi the, jinhoMne 1747 vi0 meM isa zAkhA ko saMgaThita kiyA / meM) (3) nirdiSTa athavA vihita (dharmazAstra meM) (4) nirmala paMtha-de0 'nirmala' / vyatpattyAtmaka / viziSTa kA artha hai vaidika zabdoM kA nirodhalakSaNa-vallabhAcArya dvArA racita eka grantha / isakA vyatpattyAtmaka artha athavA vyAkhyA karane vAle grantha / pUrA nAma 'nirodhalakSaNanivRtti' hai| vedAGgoM meM nirukta kA prayoga isI artha meM kiyA gayA hai| nirvacana grantha-nirukta ke viSayoM ke nirvacanalakSaNa' tathA niravanaparANa-nAthapaMthI yogiyoM dvArA racita eka grantha 'nirvacanopadeza' do vibhAga haiN| kA nAma / nirvANa-yaha mukhyataH bauddha darzana kA zabda hai, kintu nirUDhapazubandha-eka prakAra kA yajJa, jisameM yajJastaMbha Astika darzanoM meM upaniSadoM ke samaya se isakA prayoga ko jisa vRkSa se kATate the, usako abhiSikta karate the| haA hai| nirvANa tathA brahmanirvANa donoM prakAra se isakA phira balipazu ko tela va haridrA malakara nahalAte tathA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yaha AtmA kI vaha sthiti hai bali ke pUrva ghI se usako abhiSikta karate the| isake jisameM sampUrNa vedanA, duHkha, mAnasika cintA aura saMkSepa pazcAt usako stambha se bA~dha dete the aura vidhi ke anu- meM samasta saMsAra lupta ho jAte haiN| isameM Atmatatva kI sAra usakI bali dete the| cetanA athavA saccidAnanda svarUpa nahIM naSTa hotA, kintu nirgaNa-isakA artha hai guNarahita / carama sattA brahma ke do usake duHkhamulaka saMkIrNa vyaktitva kA lopa ho jAtA hai| rUpa haiM-nirguNa aura saguNa / usake saguNa rUpa se dRzya nirvANa upaniSad-yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai / jagata kA vikAsa athavA vivarta hotA hai| kiMtu vAstavika nivida-sArvajanika vaidika pUjA ke avasara para devoM ko vastusattA to nirguNa hI hotI hai| guNoM ke sahAre se jAgRta tathA Amantrita karane vAle mantra kA nAma / brAhmaNoM usakA varNana athavA nirvacana nahIM ho sakatA hai| sampUrNa meM nivida kA bAra-bAra ullekha AyA hai, jisakA samAveza vizva meM antaryAmI hote hue bhI vaha tAttvika dRSTi se prapAThakoM meM huA hai| Rgveda ke khiloM meM nividoM kA atirekI aura nirguNa hI rahatA hai| eka paJcaka hI saMgRhIta hai| kintu yaha sandehAtmaka nirNayasindhu-yaha kamalAkara bhaTTa kA sarvaprasiddha grantha hai| hai ki RgvedIya kAla meM nivida jaise sUktoM ke prayoga kI yaha unako vidyA, avyavasAya tathA saralatA kA pratIka prayA thI, yadyapi yaha Rgveda meM pAyA jAtA hai / brAhmaNoM hai| nyAyAlayoM meM yaha pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| nirNaya- meM jo isakA kriyAtmaka artha hai vaha yahA~ nahIM prayukta huA sindhu meM lagabhaga eka sau smRtiyoM aura tIna sau nibandha- hai| paravartI saMhitAoM meM isa zabda kA prayoga kriyAtmaka kAroM kA ullekha huA hai| yaha grantha tIna paricchedoM meM artha meM hI huA hai| vibhakta hai| isameM vividha dhArmika viSayoM para nirNaya nizo-amAnavIya AtmAoM meM daitya evaM dAnavoM ke atidiyA gayA hai, jaise varSa ke prakAra ( saura, cAndra Adi ), rikta prakRti ke kucha bhayAvane upAdAnoM ko bhI prAcIna cAra prakAra ke mAsa, saMkrAnti ke kRtya aura dAna, adhika kAla meM daitya kA rUpa de diyA gayA thA / andherI rAta, mAsa, kSayamAsa, tithiyA~ ( zuddha aura viddha), vrata, utsava, parvataguphA, saghana vanasthalI Adi aise hI upAdAna the| saMskAra, sapiNDa sambandha, mUrtipratiSThA, muharta, dhAddha, 'nizI' rAta ke andhere kA hI daityIkaraNa hai| prAcIna azauca, satIprathA, saMnyAsa aadi| isakI racanA kAzI kAla meM aura Aja bhI yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki meM solahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha meM huI thii| nizI ( daitya ke rUpa meM) AdhI rAta ko AtI hai, ghara nirmala-sikkhoM ke virakta sampradAya kA nAma / sikkha ke svAmI ko bulAtI hai tathA use apane pIche-pIche calane sampradAya mukhya rUpa se do bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-(1) sahija- ko bAdhya karatI hai| use vana meM ghasITa le jAtI hai tathA

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nizcaladAsa-nItivAkyAmRta pAya kA~ToM meM girA detI hai| kabhI-kabhI U~ce per3oM para caDhA darzana ke anusAra use yaha jJAna prApta karanA cAhie ki detI hai| usakI pukAra kA uttara denA bar3A saMkaTamaya sampUrNa karma prakRti ke dvArA hotA hai; puruSa ke Upara karma hotA hai| kA Aropa mithyA tathA bhramamUlaka hai| jaba yaha jJAna nizcaladAsa--eka dAdUpanthI santa, jo mahAtmA dAdujI ke / prApta ho jAtA hai taba manuSya bandhana meM nahIM pdd'taa| ziSya the / ye kavi tathA vedAntI bhI the| inakI rcnaaeN| jisa prakAra bhune hue cane se phira paudhA nahIM utpanna hotA utkRSTa hai, aura sabakA AdhAra zruti-smRti aura vize- vaise hI sAMkhyabuddhi se karmaphala utpanna nahIM hotaa| SataH advaitavAda hai| nizcaladAsa ke prabhAva se dAdUpantha parantu yaha mArga sarala nahIM hai| ataeva bhaktimArga meM, ke sadasyoM ne advaita siddhAnta ko grahaNa kiyA thaa| vizeSakara bhAgavata sampradAya meM, yaha batAyA gayA hai ki nizvAsa Agama-yaha rodrika Agama hai| karma ko bhagavatprItyartha karanA cAhie aura phala kI nijI nizvAsatattvasaMhitA-yaha gyArahavIM zatAbdI vi0 kaa| kAmanA na karake use bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM arpita kara grantha hai, jo zAkta jIvana ke sabhI aGgoM ke lie vizada denA cAhie / isa prakAra kRSNArpaNabaddhi se karma karane se niyamAvalI prastuta karatA hai| manuSya bandhana meM nahIM pdd'taa| niSkalaMkAvatAra-aThArahavIM zatAbdI vi0 ke uttarArdha meM niSkirIya-vaidika parohitoM kI eka zAkhA kA nAma bundelakhaNDa ke pannA nAmaka sthAna para mahAtmA prANanAtha niSkirIya hai jisakA ullekha paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ne zikSA dI ki bhArata ke sAre dharma mere hI vyaktitva meM (12.5,14 ) meM haA hai / isake dvArA eka satra calAyA samanvita hai, kyoMki maiM eka sAtha hI IsAiyoM kA masIhA, gayA thaa| musalamAnoM kA mahado tathA hinduoM kA niSkalaMkAvatAra niSiddha tithi Adi-kucha nizcita mAsoM, tithiyoM, saaptaahuuN| unhoMne apanA dharmasiddhAnta 'kulajjama sAheba' hika dinoM, saMkrAntiyoM tathA vratoM ke avasaroM para kucha nAmaka grantha meM vyakta kiyA hai / de0 'kUlajjama sAheba' / niSkAma karma-mokSa kI prApti ke lie bhAgavata dharma meM kriyAe~ tathA AcAra-vyavahAra niSiddha haiN| inakI eka lambI sUcI hai| jImUtavAhana ke kAlaviveka ( paSTha aura vizeSakara bhagavadgItA meM niSkAma karma kA Adeza hai| isameM phala kI icchA ke binA karma kiyA jAtA hai 334-345 ) meM isa prakAra ke niSiddha kriyAkalApoM kI eka sUcI dI gayI hai, kintu anta meM yaha bhI kaha tathA upAsyadeva ke caraNoM meM karma ko samarpita kiyA jAtA hai / devatA ise grahaNa karatA hai tathA apanI svargIya prakRti diyA gayA hai ki ye kriyAkalApa unhIM logoM ke lie ko usake phala ke rUpa meM detA hai| phira devatA upAsaka niSiddha haiM, jo veda, zAstra, smRti grantha tathA purANa jAnate athavA karma karanevAle ke hRdaya meM praveza karatA hai tathA haiM / aise avasara kadAcit asaMkhya haiM, jinakA parigaNana bhakti ke gaNoM ko janma detA hai aura anta meM mokSa pradAna asambhava hai| karatA hai| nihaMga-sikkhoM ko siMgha zAkhA ke akAlI 'nihaMga' bhI niSkAma karma ke pIche dArzanika vicAra yaha hai ki kahe jAte haiN| vAstava meM saMskRta niHsaMga kA hI yaha karma ke phala-zubhAzubha ke anusAra manuSya saMsAracakra prAkRta rUpa hai, jisakA artha hai saMga athavA Asaktirahita / athavA AvAgamana meM pha~satA hai| isalie jaba taka karma naunivAkyAmRta-somadeva ri kRta rAjanIti viSayaka dazama se chuTakArA nahIM milatA taba taka mukti sambhava nahIM / zatAbdI kA eka grantha / yaha grantha kauTilIya arthazAstra ava prazna yaha uThatA hai ki yaha chuTakArA kaise mile / eka kI zailI meM likhA gayA hai / sAmagrI bhI adhikAMzataH usIH mArga yaha hai ki karma kA pUrA parityAga karake saMsAra se grantha se lI gayI hai / isake anusAra rAjanIti kA uddezya saMnyAsa le lenA cAhie / isakA artha hai akSarazaH naSkarmya dharma, artha aura kAma kI prApti hai : "dharmArthakAmaphalAya kA pAlana / parantu gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki aisA karanA rAjyAya namaH" [ usa rAjya ko namaskAra hai, jisakA sambhava nahIM / jaba taka manuSya zarIradhAraNa karatA hai taba phala dharma, artha aura kAma hai| ] isa grantha meM nimnAMkita taka vaha karma se mukta nahIM ho sktaa| isalie sAMkhya viSayoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai :

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372 nItizAstra-nIrAjanavidhi 1. dharmasamuddeza 18. amAtya bodha hotA hai / isakA strIliMga rUpa 'nIthA' kevala eka 2. arthasamuddeza 19. janapada bAra hI Rgveda meM prayukta huA hai, jisakA artha hathiyAra hai| 3. kAmasamuddeza 20. durga nImAvata-nimbArka sampradAya kA hI anya nAma sadhukkar3I 4. ariSaDvarga 21. koza bolI meM nImAvata hai / de0 'nimbArka' zabda / / 5. vidyAvRddha 22. bala nIrAjanadvAdazI-kArtika zukla dvAdazI ko nIrAjana 6. AnvIkSikI 23. mitra dvAdazI bhI kahate haiM / rAtri ke prArambha hone ke samaya jaba 7. trayI 24. rAjarakSA bhagavAn viSNu zayana tyAga kara uTha baiThate haiM, isa vrata kA 8. vArtA 25. divasAnuSThAna AcaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / viSNu kI pratimA ke sammukha 9. daNDanIti 26. sadAcAra tathA anya devagaNa, jaise sUrya, ziva, gaurI, pitaroM ke 10. mantrI 27. vyavahAra sammukha tathA gozAlA, azvazAlA, gajazAlA meM bhI dIpa11. purohita 28. vivAda mAlA prajvalita kI jAnI caahie| rAjA loga bhI 12. senApati 29. SADguNya samasta rAjacihnoM ko rAjabhavana ke mukhya prAGgaNa meM rakha 13. cAra 30. yuddha kara pUjeM / eka dhArmika tathA zuddhAcaraNa karane vAlI strI 14. vicAra 31. vivAha athavA vezyA ko rAjA ke sira ke Upara tIna bAra dIpoM 15. dUta 32. prakIrNa kI mAlA dhumAnI caahie| yaha mahAzAntipradAyaka (sAdhanA16. vyasana 33. granthakartAprazasti paraka) dhArmika kRtya hai, jisase roga dUra hote haiM tathA dhana17. svAmI 34. pustakadAtA prazasti dhAnya kI abhivRddhi hotI hai| mahArAja ajapAla ne sarvanItizAstra-nItizAstra kA prArambhika artha rAjanIti- prathama isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA thaa| isakA AcaraNa zAstra hai, kintu paravartI kAla meM nIti kA sAdhAraNa artha prativarSa honA cAhie / AcaraNazAstra kiyA jAne lagA tathA rAjanIti isakA nIrAjananavamI-kRSNa pakSa kI navamI ( kArtika mAsa ) eka bhAga bana gyaa| zukranItisAra (1.5) meM nIti kI ko nIrAjananavamI kahate haiN| isakI rAtri meM durgAjI paribhASA isa prakAra se dI gayI hai : tathA unake AyudhoM kA pUjana hotA hai| dUsare dina prAtaH sarvopajIvika lokasthitikRnnItizAstrakam / sUryodaya ke samaya nIrAjanazAnti karanI cAhie / de0 dharmArthakAmamUlaM hi smRtaM mokSapradaM yataH / / nIlamata purANa (pR0 76, zloka 931-933) / [nItizAstra sabhI kI jIvikA kA sAdhana, loka kI nIrAjanavidhi-yaha eka zAntiprada karma hai| kArtika kRSNa sthiti surakSita karane vAlA, dharma, artha aura kAma kA dvAdazI se zukla pratipadA taka isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / mUla aura isa prakAra mokSa pradAna karane vAlA hai| ] yadi rAjA isa vidhi ko kare to use apanI rAjadhAnI Adhunika artha meM nItizAstra prAcIna dharmazAstra kA hI kI IzAna dizA meM dIrghAkAra dhvajAoM se sajjita vizAla eka aGga hai| dharma zabda ke antargata hI nIti kA bhI samA maNDapa banavAnA cAhie jisameM tIna toraNa bhI hoM / isameM veza hai / dharma ke sAmAnya aura vizeSa aGga meM vyaktigata devagaNa kI pUjA tathA homa karane kA vidhAna hai| yaha tathA sAmAjika nIti antanihita hai / / dhArmika kRtya usa samaya kiyA jAya jaba sUrya citrA nakSatra sAmAnya nIti para cANakyanIti, viduranIti, bhartRhari se svAtI nakSatra kI ora agrasara ho rahA ho tathA jaba nItizataka Adi kaI prasiddha grantha hai| viziSTa athavA taka vaha svAtI para vidyamAna rahe / pallavoM se AcchAdita, sAmAjika (varNa-Azramaparaka) nIti para dharmazAstra kA bahuta paJcavarNa sUtroM se AvRta, jalapUrNa kalaza sthApita kiyA bar3A aMza hai| jAya / toraNa kI pazcima dizA meM mantroccAraNa pUrvaka nItha-yaha eka prakAra kA gAna thA jo somayAgoM ke avasara hAthiyoM ko snAna karAyA jAya / azvoM kA bhI snAna ho, para gAyA jAtA thaa| 'nItha' (cAlaka) gAna ke svara kA tadanantara rAjapurohita unheM (hAthiyoM ko) bhojana-cArA bodha prathama artha se tathA dUsare artha se stuti kI RcA kA khilAye / yadi hAthI prasannatApUrvaka usa bhojana ko grahaNa

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nIlakaNTha-nIlatantra 373 karate haiM to rAjA kI vijaya nizcita hai| yadi ve bhojana nIlakaNTha bhaTTa-zaGkarabhaTTa ke putra aura nArAyaNa bhaTTa ke pautra / asvIkAra karate haiM to ise mahAn saMkaTa kI sUcanA sama- inakA jIvanakAla 1610 aura 1650 I0 ke bIca rakhA jhanA cAhie / hAthiyoM kI anya kriyAoM se isI prakAra jA sakatA hai / inake pitA zaGkarabhaTTa prasiddha mImAMsaka the, ke zakuna-apazakuna samajha lene caahie| tadanantara rAja- unhoMne zAstradIpikA' para bhASya, 'vidhirasAyanadUSaNa', cihnoM kA, jaise chatra tathA dhvaja kA, pUjana honA caahie| 'mImAMsA bAlaprakAza' Adi granthoM kI racanA kii| jaba taka sUrya svAtI nakSatra para ho hAthiyoM tathA ghor3oM kA dvaitanirNaya' aura 'dharmaprakAza' grantha bhI inhIM dvArA praNIta isI prakAra se sammAna kiyA jAya / koI kaThora zabda the| inakA dharmazAstra para prasiddha grantha 'bhagavantabhAskara' unake prati prayukta na ho aura na unheM pITA jAya / sazastra bAraha mayUkhoM meM vibhakta hai / ye mayUkha hai : 1. saMskAra rakSakoM se maNDapa kI nirantara surakSA hotI rahanI caahie| 2. AcAra 3. kAla 4. zrAddha 5. nIti 6. vyavahAra rAjajyotiSI, purohita, mukhya pazucikitsaka tathA gaja- 7. dAna 8. utsarga 9. pratiSThA 10. prAyazcitta 11. cikitsaka ko sarvadA maNDapa ke andara rahanA caahie| zuddhi aura 12. zAnti / nIlakaNTha bhaTTa ne 'bhagavantajisa dina sUrya svAtI nakSatra se haTakara vizAkhA nakSatra kA bhAskara' kI racanA bhagavantadeva nAmaka bundele rAjA ke sparza kare usa dina azvoM tathA gajoM ko sajAkara unake sammAna meM kI thii| isa grantha ke atirikta inhoMne 'vyavaUpara rAjachatra tathA rAjakhaDga sthApita karake mantroccA- hAratattva' aura 'dattakanirNaya' kA bhI praNayana kiyaa| raNa tathA vAdyayantra bajAye jAne caahie| rAjA svayaM ___apane pitA ke samAna hI ye prasiddha mImAMsaka the| dharmaazva para savAra ho tathA kucha dera bAda gaja para savAra zAstra meM inakA agAdha praveza thA / inakA grantha vyavahArahokara toraNoM meM praviSTa ho / usa samaya rAjA kI senA / mayUkha hindU vidhi para ucca nyAyAlayoM dvArA prAmANika tathA nAgarika usakA anusaraNa kareM / bAda meM julUsa rAja mAnA jAtA hai| bhavana taka jAya / nAgarikoM kA sammAna kara unheM visa- nIlakaNTha sUri-mahAbhArata ke TIkAkAra / inakA janma jita kiyA jAya / yaha dhArmika kRtya zAntiparaka hai / sUkha- mahArASTra deza meM huA thA / ye godAvarI ke pazcimI taTa saubhAgya kI abhivRddhi tathA azvoM tathA gajoM kI surakSA para kUrpara nAmaka sthAna meM rahate the| inakA sthitikAla ke lie rAjAgaNa isa vrata kA AcaraNa kreN| vizeSa jAna solahavIM zatAbdI hai / ye caturdhara vaMza meM utpanna hue aura kArI ke lie dekhie, kauTilya arthazAstra tathA bRhaspati inake pitA kA nAma govinda sUri thA / inakI mahAbhAratasaMhitA, adhyAya 44, agnipurANa, 268,16-31 / TIkA 'bhAratabhAvadIpa' nAma se vikhyAta hai| gItA kI vyAkhyA ke Arambha meM apanI vyAkhyA ko sampradAyAnusArI nIlakaNTha-(1) Agamika zavoM ke eka AcArya, jinhoMne batalAte hue inhoMne zaGkarAcArya evaM zrIdhara svAmI kI kriyAsAra nAmaka saMskRta grantha racA / yaha grantha 'zaivabhASya' vandanA kI hai / yadyapi gItA kI vyAkhyA meM inhoMne kahIMkA saMkSiptIkaraNa hai / isa grantha kA upayoga liGgAyatoM kahIM zAGkarabhASya kA atikramaNa bhI kiyA hai tathApi meM hotA hai| nIlakaNTha 17vI zatAbdI ke madhyakAla meM inakA mukhya abhiprAya advaita sampradAya ke anukUla hI hai| hue the| 'bhAratabhAvadIpa' ke atirikta inakI aura koI kRti nahIM (2) eka nIlakaNTha dharmazAstra ke nibandhakAra bhI haiM, milatI / parantu mahAbhArata ko isa 'nIlakaNThI' TIkA ne jinhoMne kAzI meM nIlakaNThamayUkha nAmaka bRhat nibandha hI inako atyanta prasiddha banA diyA hai| grantha kI racanA kii| isake 'saMskAramayUkha' aura 'vyava nolajyeSTha-zrAvaNa mAsa kI aSTamI ke dina jaba ravivAra hAramayUkha' bahuta prasiddha haiN| tathA jyeSThA nakSatra ho usa samaya isa vrata kA anuSThAna nIlakaNTha dIkSita-apyaya dIkSita ke choTe bhAI ke pautra / kiyA jAtA hai / isake devatA mUrya haiN| isameM ravivAra kA appaya dIkSita kI mRtyu ke samaya unake gyAraha putra tathA dina vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai, nakSatra kI gaNanA to bAda meM hai| nIlakaNTha sammukha hI the| usa samaya unhoMne sabase adhika nIlatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM jina tantroM kA ullekha prema nIlakaNTha para hI prakaTa kiyA / hai unameM nIlatantra bhI pramukha hai|

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374 nolakha upaniSad - yaha eka zaiva upaniSad hai| nIlavRSadAna - Azvina athavA kArtika pUrNimA ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| isI dina nIlavarNa kA sA~r3a chor3A jAtA hai| nIlavrata - isa vrata meM nakta ( rAtri meM eka samaya bhojana ) paddhati se prati dUsare dina eka varSa taka bhojana grahaNa karanA cAhie / yaha saMvatsaravrata hai / varSa ke anta meM nIla kamala tathA zarkarA se paripUrNa eka pAtra evaM vRSabha kA dAna karanA caahie| isa vrata se vratI viSNuloka ko prApta karatA hai / nRga - ( 1 ) rAjA nRga kI kathA purANoM meM prasiddha hai| bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra nRga ikSvAku ke putra the / ve dAna ke lie prasiddha the| eka bAra unhoMne brAhmaNa kI gAya ko, jo unake goNDa meM mila gayI thI, bhUla se dUsare brAhmaNa ko dAna meM de diyaa| brAhmaNa ne rAjA para doSAropaNa kiyA / rAjA ne donoM brAhmaNoM ko bulAyA / donoM meM se koI usa gAya ke badale dUsarI gAya lene ko taiyAra na huA / rAjA vivaza thaa| jaba vaha marA to yamarAja ne daNDasvarUpa usako giragiTa kA janma dekara saMsAra meM bhejaa| eka kue~ meM yaha par3A rahatA thA / bhagavAn kRSNa kA jaba avatAra huA taba isakA uddhAra huA / (2) vedAnta ke prasiddha AcArya bRhaspatimizra kA AzrayadAtA nRga nAmaka tirahuta kA rAjA thA / " nRmedha nRmedhAveda (10.80, 3) meM yaha agni ke eka ziSya ( rakSita) kA nAma hai| isakA anya nAma sumedhA thA, jise griphi 'abodha' batAte haiM taittirIya saMhitA meM nRmedha parucchepa kA asaphala pratiyogI hai evaM paMcaviMza brAhmaNa (8.8, 21 ) meM yaha AGgiras gotraja tathA sAmoM kA racayitA kahA gayA hai| nRsiMha upapurANa - narasiMha sampradAya se sambandhita eka upapurANa | nRsihatrayodazI guruvAra kI trayodazI ko nRsiMhatrayodazI kahate hai| yaha bhagavAn viSNu ke nRsiMha avatAra se samba ndhita hai| isa dina unhIM kA vrata kiyA jAtA hai| nRsiMhapUrvatApanIya upaniSad-nRsiMha sampradAya kI do upaniSadeM mukhya AdhAragrantha haiM, ve haiM nRsiMha pUrva evaM uttara tApanIya | nRsiMhapUrvatApanIyopaniSad ke bhI do bhAga haiM / prathama bhAga meM siMha kA rAjamantra tathA isakI rahasyA nIla upaniSad-nRsiMhAvatAra tmaka ekatA kA vivecana hai| dUsare bhAga meM nRsiMhamaMtrarAja tathA tIna anya dUsare prasiddha vaiSNava mantroM dvArA yantra banAne kA nirdeza hai, jise kavaca ke rUpa meM kaMTha, bhujA yA jaTA meM pahanA jAtA hai / nRsiMha sarasvatI - vedAntasAra kI TIkA subodhinI ke racayitA / yaha TIkA inhoMne saM0 1518 meM likhI thI / ataH inakA sthitikAla vikramI satrahavIM zatAbdI honA caahie| subodhinI kI bhASA bahuta sundara hai| isase inakI uccakoTi kI pratibhA kA paricaya milatA hai| inake guru kA nAma kRSNAnanda svAmI thA / nRsiMhasaMhitA - ( narasiMhasaMhitA) narasiMha sampradAya ke sAhitya meM isa grantha kI gaNanA pramukhatayA kI jAtI hai / nRsiMhAcArya aitareya evaM kauSItaki AraNyakoM para zaGkarA cArya ke bhASya hai tathA unake bhASyoM para aneka AcAryo kI TIkAe~ haiM / inameM nRsiMhAcArya kI bhI eka TIkA hai / nRsiMhAcArya ne zvetAzvatara evaM maitrAyaNI para zaGkara dvArA race gaye bhASyoM kI bhI TIkA likhI hai| ApastambadharmasUtra para nRsiMhAcArya ne vRtti likhI hai| nRsiMhAnanda nAtha - dakSiNamArgI zAkta vidvAnoM kI paramparA meM appaya dIkSita ke kAla ke pazcAt dakSiNa ( taMjaura ) ke hI tIna vidvAnoM ke nAma prasiddha haiM / ye tInoM guruparamparA kA nirmANa karate haiN| ye hai nRsiMhAnanda nAtha, bhAskarAnanda nAtha tathA umAnanda naath| ye tInoM usI zAkhA ke haiM jisase lakSmIdhara vidyAnAtha sambandhita the / nRsiMhAvatAra viSNu kA nRsiMhAvatAra hiraNyAkSa ke choTe bhAI hiraNyakazipu ke vadha evaM dharma ke uddhAra ke lie huA thA / hiraNyakazipu apane bar3e bhAI ke vadha ke kAraNa viSNu se bahuta hI kruddha rahA karatA thA aura unako apanA bar3A zatru samajhatA thaa| idhara brahmAjI ke vara ke prabhAva se isa daitya ne samasta svarga ke rAjya para adhikAra karake vahA~ ke devatAoM ko svarga se nikAla diyA thaa| usa samaya devatAoM dvArA viSNu kI prArthanA kI gayI, jisase bhagavAn ne prasanna hokara devatAoM se kahA ki hiraNya kazipu jaba veda, dharma tathA apane bhagavadbhakta putra para atyAcAra karegA, usa samaya meM nRsiMha rUpa meM AvirbhUta hokara usakA vadha kruuNgaa| bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra prahlAda kI AsthA ko satya karane tathA samasta vizva meM apanI vyApaka sattA kA paricaya dene ke lie bhagavAn

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nasiMhAzrama-naigama zAkta 375 viSNu na mRga aura na mAnava arthAt apUrva nRsiMha rUpa muNDaka, mANDUkya, prazna aura nRsiMhatApanIya, ina cAra ko dhAraNa kara stambha se hI prakaTa ho gye| isa svarUpa ko pradhAna AtharvaNa upaniSad mAnA hai| dekhakara hiraNyakazipu ke mana meM kisI prakAra kA bhaya nahIM yaha upaniSad bhI narasiMha sampradAya kI hai aura nRsiNhhuaa| vaha hAtha meM gadA lekara nasiMha bhagavAn ke Upara mantrarAja ko protsAhita karatI hai, kintu vizeSa rUpa se prahAra karane ko udyata ho gyaa| kintu prabhu ne turanta hii| yaha upaniSad sAmpradAyika vidhi kA nirdeza karatI hai| use pakar3a liyA aura jisa prakAra garuDa viSadhara sarpa ko isameM nasiMha ko parama brahma, AtmA tathA om batAyA mAra DAlatA hai usI prakAra nasiMha rUpadhArI bhagavAn gayA hai| viSNa ne usa daityarAja ko apane nakhoM dvArA usakA hRdaya netravrata-caitra zakla dvitIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA vidIrNa kara mAra DAlA aura saralamati bAlaka prahlAda kI hai| vivaraNa ke lie de0 'cakSavata' / rakSA kii| neSTA-eka yajJakarma sampAdaka Rtvij / yaha nAma Rgveda, nasiMhAzrama-advaita sampradAya ke pramukha AcArya / inake guru tai0 saM0, ai0 brA0, zatapatha brAhmaNa, paMcaviMza brA0 svAmI jagannAthAzrama the| inakA jIvanakAla pandrahavIM Adi meM somayajJa ke purohitavarga ke eka pradhAna sadasya zatAbdI kA uttarArddha honA caahie| nRsiMhAzrama svAmI ke rUpa meM prayukta huA hai| udbhaTa dArzanika aura bar3e prauDha paNDita the| inakI racanA naigama zAkta-inako 'dakSiNAcArI' bhI kahate haiM / Rgveda bahuta ucca koTi kI aura yuktipradhAna hai| kahate haiM, ke AThaveM aSTaka ke antima sUkta meM "iyaM zuSmebhiH" inhIM kI preraNA se appaya dIkSita ne 'parimala', 'nyAya- prabhRti mantroM meM devatA rUpa meM mahAzakti athavA sarasvatI rakSAmaNi' evaM 'siddhAntaleza' Adi vedAnta granthoM kI kA stavana hai / sAmaveda meM vAcaMyama vrata meM 'huvA IvAcam" racanA kI thii| inake race hae granthoM kA saMkSipta paricaya ityAdi tathA jyotiSToma meM "vAgvisarjana stoma" AtA isa prakAra hai : hai| araNyagAna meM bhI isake gAna haiN| yajurveda (2.2) meM (1) bhAvaprakAzikA-yaha prakAzAtma yati kRta paJcapA "sarasvatyai svAhA" mantra se Ahuti dene kI vidhi hai| dikAvivaraNa kI TIkA hai| pA~caveM adhyAya ke solahaveM mantra meM pRthivI aura aditi (2) tattvaviveka (1604 vi0 saM0)-yaha grantha abhI deviyoM kI carcA hai / pA~coM dizAoM se vighna-bAdhAnivAraNa prakAzita nahIM hai| isameM do pariccheda hai| isake Upara ke lie satrahaveM adhyAya ke 55veM mantra meM indra, varuNa, unhoMne svayaM hI 'tattvavivekadIpana' nAma kI TIkA yama, soma, brahmA ina pA~ca devatAoM kI zaktiyoM (deviyoM) likhI hai| kA AvAhana kiyA gayA hai / atharvaveda ke cauthe kANDa ke tIsaveM mukta meM kathana hai : (3) bhedadhikkAra-isameM bhedabhAva kA khaNDana hai| ahaM rudrebhirvasubhizcarAmi (4) advaitadIpikA-yaha advaita vedAnta kA yuktipradhAna aham Adityairuta vizvadevaH / grantha hai| ahaM mitrAvaruNobhA bimi (5) vaidikasiddhAntasaMgraha-isameM brahmA, viSNu aura aham indrAgnI aham azvinobhA / ziva kI ekatA siddha kI gayI hai aura yaha batalAyA gayA bhagavatI mahAzakti kahatI haiM, "maiM samasta devatAoM ke hai ki ye tInoM eka hI parabrahma kI abhivyakti mAtra haiN| sAtha hU~ / sabameM vyApta rahatI huuN|" kenopaniSad meM (bahu zobha(6) tattvabodhinI--yaha sarvajJAtmamuni kRta saMkSepa- mAnAmumAM haimavatIm) brahmavidyA mahAzakti kA prakaTa hokara zArIraka kI vyAkhyA hai| brahma kA nirdeza karanA varNita hai| devyatharvazIrSa, devIsUkta nRsiMhottaratApanIya upaniSad-vidyAraNya svAmI ne 'sarvo- aura zrIsUkta to zakti ke hI stavana hai| vaidika zAkta paniSadarthAnubhUtiprakAza' nAmaka grantha meM muNDaka, prazna aura siddha karate hai ki dazopaniSadoM meM dasoM mAvidyAoM kA nRsiMhottaratApanIya nAmaka tIna upaniSadoM ko Adi brahmarUpa meM varNana hai| isa prakAra zAkta, mata kA AdhAra atharvavedIya upaniSad mAnA hai| kintu zaGkarAcArya ne bhI zruti hI hai|

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naimiSIya-nyAya devIbhAgavata, devIpurANa, mArkaNDeyapurANa meM to zakti hue cale jAo; jahA~ isa cakra ko nemi (paridhi) gira kA mAhAtmya hI hai / mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa donoM meM jAya usI sthala ko pavitra samajhanA aura vahIM Azrama devI kI stutiyA~ haiM aura adbhata rAmAyaNa meM to akhila banAkara jJAnasatra karanA / zaunaka ke sAtha aThAsI sahasra vizva kI jananI sItAjI ke paramparAgata zakti vAle rUpa RSi the / ve saba usa cakra ke pIche ghUmane lge| gomatI kI bahuta sundara-sundara stutiyA~ kI gayI hai| prAcIna pAJca- nadI ke kinAre eka vana meM cakra kI nemi gira gayI aura rAtra mata kA 'nAradapaJcarAtra' prasiddha vaiSNava grantha hai| vahIM vaha cakra bhami meM praveza kara gyaa| cakra kI nemi usameM dasoM mahAvidyAoM kI kathA vistAra se kahI gayI girane se vaha kSetra 'naimiSa' kahA gyaa| isI ko 'naimiSAhai / nidAna, zruti, smRti meM zakti kI upAsanA jahA~-tahA~ raNya' kahate haiM / purANoM meM isa tIrtha kA bahudhA ullekha usI taraha prakaTa hai, jisa taraha viSNu aura ziva kI milatA hai| jaba bhI koI dhArmika samasyA utpanna hotI upAsanA dekhI jAtI hai / isase spaSTa hai ki zAkta mata thI, usake samAdhAna ke lie RSigaNa yahA~ ekatra ke vartamAna sAmpradAyika rUpa kA AdhAra zruti-smRti hai hote the| aura yaha mata utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA vaidika sAhitya / vaidika granthoM ke katipaya ullekhoM meM prAcIna naimiSa usakI vyApakatA to aisI hai ki jitane sampradAyoM kA vana kI sthiti sarasvatI nadI ke taTa para kurukSetra ke varNana yahA~ aba taka kiyA gayA hai, binA apavAda ke ve samIpa bhI mAnI gayI hai| sabhI apane parama upAsya kI zakti ko apanI parama naiSkarmyasiddhi-surezvarAcArya (maNDana mizra) ne saMnyAsa lene upAsyA mAnate haiM aura eka na eka rUpa meM zakti kI ke pazcAta jina granthoM kA praNayana kiyA unameM 'naiSkarmyaupAsanA karate haiN| __ siddhi' bhI hai / mokSa ke lie sabhI karmoM kA saMnyAsa jahA~ taka zaiva mata nigamoM para AdhArita hai, vahA~ taka (tyAga) Avazyaka hai, isa mata kA pratipAdana isa grantha meM zAkta mata bhI nigamAnumodita hai| pIche se jaba AgamoM kiyA gayA hai| ke vistata AcAra kA zAkta mata meM samAveza huA, taba naiSThika (brahmacAro)-AjIvana brahmacarya vrata pAlana karate se jAna par3atA hai ki nigamAnumodita zAkta mata kA hue gurukula meM svAdhyAyaparAyaNa rahane vAlA brahmacArI dakSiNAcAra, dakSiNamArga athavA vaidika zAkta mata nAma (niSThA maraNaM tatparyantaM brahmacaryeNa tisstthti)| yAjJavalkya par3A / Ajakala isa dakSiNAcAra kA eka viziSTa rUpa kA nirdeza hai : "naiSThiko brahmacArI tu vasedAcAryabana gayA hai / isa mArga para calane vAlA upAsaka apane snnidhau|" isake viparIta upakurvANa brahmacArI sImita ko ziva mAnakara paJcatattva se ziva kI pUjA karatA hai kAla yA prathama avasthA taka gurukula meM par3hatA thaa| aura madya ke sthAna meM vijayArasa kA sevana karatA hai| nyagrodha-nyak = nIce kI ora, rodha = bar3hanevAlA vRkSa / ise vijayArasa bhI paJcamakAroM meM ginA jAtA hai| isa mArga / baragada (vaTa) kahate haiM / isakI DAliyoM se baroheM nikala ko vAmAcAra se zreSTha mAnA jAtA hai / kara nIce kI ora jAtI haiM tathA jar3ayukta khambhoM ke rUpa naimizIya (nemiSIya)-naimiSAraNya ke vAsiyoM ko naimizIya meM parivartita hokara vakSa ke bhAra ko sa~bhAlatI hai| atharvaathavA naimiSIya kahate haiN| kAThaka saMhitA, kauSItaki- veda meM isakA aneka bAra ullekha huA hai / yajJa ke camasa brAhmaNa tathA chAndogya upaniSada meM naimiSIyoM ko vizeSa isake kASTha ke banate the / nizcaya hI yaha vaidika kAla meM pavitra mAnA gayA hai / ataeva mahAbhArata naimiSAraNyavAsI bar3e mahattva kA vRkSa thA jaisA ki Aja bhI hai / azvattha RSiyoM ko hI prathamataH sunAyA gayA thA / (pIpala ) isakA sajAtIya vRkSa hai, jisakA ullekha naimiSAraNya-uttara pradeza ke sItApura jile meM gomatI nadI Rgveda meM huA hai| nyagrodha aura azvattha donoM hI kA taTavartI eka prAcIna tIrthasthala / kahA jAtA hai ki dhArmika dRSTi se pavitra hai / ye hI Adi caitya vRkSa haiN| maharSi zaunaka ke mana meM dIrghakAlavyApI jJAnasatra karane inakI chAyA mandira tathA sabhAmaNDapa kA kAma detI thii| kI icchA thii| unakI ArAdhanA se prasanna hokara viSNu nyAya-yAjJavalkyasmRti meM dharma ke jina caudaha sthAnoM kI bhagavAn ne unheM eka cakra diyA aura kahA ki ise calAte gaNanA hai, unameM nyAya aura mImAMsA bhI sammilita hai|

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nyAyakaNikA-nyAyanibandhaprakAza 377 mImAMsA ke dvArA veda ke zabdoM aura vAkyoM ke arthoM kA isa para udyotakara kA vArtika (600 I0) prasiddha hai| nirdhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / nyAya (tarka) ke dvArA veda se isake pazcAt vAcaspati mizra, jayanta bhaTTa, udayanAcArya pratipAdya pramANoM aura padArthoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA Adi prasiddha vidvAn hue / bArahavIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se nyAyadarzana ke do uddezya rahe haiM : navya-nyAya kA vikAsa huaa| isa naye sampradAya ke prasiddha eka to vaidika darzana kA samanvaya aura samarthana, dUsare AcArya gaGgeza upAdhyAya, raghunAtha ziromaNi, jagadIza vedavirodhI bauddha Adi nAstika darzanoM kA khaNDana / bhaTTAcArya, gadAdhara bhaTTAcArya Adi hae / pahale nyAya aura vaizeSika alaga-alaga svatantra darzana nyAyakaNikA-vAcaspati mizra ne maNDanamizra ke 'vidhimAne jAte the| nyAya kA viSaya pramANamImAMsA aura viveka' para nyAyakaNikA nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kii| vaizeSika kA padArthamImAMsA thaa| Age calakara nyAya evaM grantha kA nirmANakAla lagabhaga 850 I0 hai| vaizeSika prAyaH eka dArzanika sampradAya mAna liye gye| nyAyakandalI-zrIdhara nAmaka baMgAla ke lekhaka ne 991 I0 isa darzana ke anusAra pramANa, prameya, saMzaya, prayojana, meM prazastapAda para nyAyakandalI nAmaka vyAkhyA rcii| dRSTAnta, siddhAnta, avayava, tarka, nirNaya, vAda, jalpa, yaha vaizeSika darzana kA mAnya grantha hai| vitaNDA, hetvAbhAsa, chala, jAti aura nigrahasthAna-ina nyAyakalpalatA-jayatIrthAcArya (pandrahavIM zatAbdI) kA janma solaha tattvoM ke jJAna se niHzreyasa athavA mokSa kI prApti dakSiNa bhArata meM huA thaa| inhoMne nyAyakalpalatA kI sambhava hai| jaba inake jJAna se duHkhajanya pravatti, doSa racanA kii| rAghavendra svAmI ne isa para vRtti likhI hai| aura mithyAjJAna naSTa ho jAte hai taba mokSa athavA nyAyakuliza-dvitIya rAmAnujAcArya ne nyAyakuliza nAmaka niHzreyasa kI upalabdhi hotI hai| mukhya pramANa cAra hai : grantha kI racanA kii| yaha grantha sambhavataH kahIM prakAzita (1) pratyakSa, (2) anumAna, (3) upamAna aura (4) zabda nahIM huA hai| (shruti)| ina pramANoM ke dvArA prameya (jAnane yogya padArtha nyAyakusumAJjali-udbhaTa vidvAn udayana kI prasiddha hai-AtmA, zarIra, indriya, indriyArtha, buddhi, mana, racanA nyAyakusumAJjali hai| isameM Izvara kI sattA siddha pravRtti, doSa, pretyabhAva (janma-janmAntara), phala, duHkha kI gayI hai| yaha grantha chandobaddha hai tathA 72 smaraNIya aura apavarga (mokSa) / nyAyadarzana Izvara ke astitva ko padyoM meM hai| pratyeka padya kA gadyArtha rUpa bhI sAtha hI sAtha mAnatA hai / isake anusAra Izvara eka tathA AtmA aneka diyA gayA hai| haiM / Izvara sarvajJa tathA AtmA (jIva) alpajJa hai| jJAna / nyAyacintAmaNi-gyArahavIM zatAbdI se nyAya lathA vaizeSika AtmA kA eka guNa hai| darzanoM ko eka hI darzana mAnane athavA eka meM milAne kA nyAya zAstra jagat ke svatantra astitva (mana aura prayAsa hone lgaa| isa mata kI puSTi bArahavIM zatAbdI vicAra se pRthak ) ko mAnatA hai / sRSTi kA upAdAna ke prasiddha AcArya gaGgeza kI racanA 'nyAya (yA tattva)kAraNa prakRti tathA nimitta kAraNa Izvara hai| jisa prakAra / cintAmaNi' se hotI hai| * kumbhakAra miTTI se vividha prakAra ke baratanoM kA nirmANa nyAyatattva-nAtha muni (1000 I0) kI racanAoM meM karatA hai, usI prakAra sarga ke prArambha meM Izvara prakRti se 'nyAyatattva' bhI sammilita hai / yaha nyAyadarzana kA prasiddha jagata ke vibhinna padArthoM kI saSTi karatA hai / isa prakAra grantha hai| nyAya eka vastuvAdI darzana hai jo janasAdharaNa ke lie nyAyadIpAvalI-Anandabodha bhaTTArakAcArya (bArahavIM sugama hai| zatAbdI ) ke tIna granthoM meM 'nyAyadIpAvalI' bhI hai| ina ___ isa darzana ke mUla yadyapi veda-upaniSad meM DhU~Dhe jA granthoM meM advaita mata kA vivecana kiyA gamA hai| sakate haiM kintu isake aitihAsika pravartaka gautama the / inake nyAyadIpikA-vaiSNavAcArya jayatIrtha (pandrahavIM zatAbdI) ne nAma se 'gautamanyAyasUtra' prasiddha hai jo lagabhaga 5vIM-- nyAyadIpikA nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isa grantha meM 4thI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM praNIta jAna par3ate haiN| tIsarI mAdhva mata kA vivecana hai| zatAbdI ke lagabhaga vAtsyAyana ne ina para bhASya likhaa| nyAyanibandhaprakAza-gaGgaza ke putra vardhamAna (12vIM zatAbdI) 48

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378 ne nyAyavAnika kI tAtparya TIkA para nyAyanivasthaprakAza nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai / nyAyanirNaya -- mahAtmA Ananda giri zaGkarAcArya ke bhASyoM ke TIkAkAra haiN| unhoMne vedAntasUtra ke zAGkara bhASya para nyAyanirNaya nAma kI apUrva TIkA likhI hai / nyAyaparizuddhi - isa nAma ke do granthoM kA patA calatA hai, pahalA AcArya rAmAnujaracita tathA dUsarA AcArya veGkaTa nAtha kA likhA huA hai / nyAyabhASya - akSapAda gautama praNIta nyAyasUtra para vAtsyA pana (500 I0) ne nyAyabhASya prastuta kiyA hai / nyAyamaJjarI - jayanta bhaTTa (900 I0) ne nyAyamaJjarI nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa kiyaa| yaha nyAyadarzana kA vizyakoza hai / nyAyamakaranda - advaita vedAnta mata kA eka prAmANika grantha / isake racayitA Anandabodha bhaTTArakAcArya the| cituvA cArya ne, jo terahavIM zatI meM vartamAna the, nyAyamakaranda kI vyAkhyA kI hai| isase mAlUma hotA hai ki Ananda vodha bArahavIM chato meM hue the / nyAyamAlAvistara pUrva mImAMsA kA mAdhavAcArya racita eka grantha, jo jaiminIyanyAyamAlAvistara kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra se inakA racA uttara mImAMsA kA grantha vaiyAsikanyAyamAlA hai / ----- nyAyamuktAvalI - appaya dIkSita racita nyAyamuktAvalI madhvamata kA anusaraNa karatI hai| unhoMne svayaM hI isakI eka TIkA bhI likhI hai / nyAyarakSAmaNi- yaha brahmasUtra ke prathama adhyAya kI zAGkara siddhAntAnusAriNI vyAkhyA hai| dIkSita haiM / vyAkhyAkAra appaya nyAyaratnamAlA - ( 1 ) pArthasArathi mizra ( 1300 I0 ) ne kumArila ke tambavArtika ke AdhAra para karmamImAMsA viSayaka yaha grantha prastuta kiyA hai| nAmaka (2) AcArya rAmAnuja ne nyAyaratnamAlA eka grantha racA hai| nizcita hI isa grantha meM viziSTAdvaita kI puSTi tathA zAGkara mata kA khaNDana huA hai / nyAyaratnAkara - bhaTTapAda kumArila ke zlokavArtika para yaha TIkA ( nyAyaratnAkara) pArthasArathi mizra ( 1300 I0 ) dvArA prastuta huI hai / nyAyanirNaya nyAya sUcInibandha kotakara ( sAtavIM zatI) ne vAtsyA yana ke nyAyabhASya para yaha vArtika prastuta kiyA / isa para aneka nivandha vidyAbhUSaNa evaM DA0 kIma dvArA likhe gaye haiM / DA0 gaGgAnAtha jhA ne isakA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| nyAyavArtika tAtparya- vAcaspati mizra dvArA prastuta nyAyadarzana para yaha TIkA hai jo udyotakara ke vAlika ke upara likhI gayI hai / isa TIkA kI bhI TIkA udayanAcAryakRta tAtpayaMparizuddhi hai| yatikA TIkA- de0 'nyAyavArtikatAtparya', donoM samAna haiM / nyAyavAtikatAtpayaMparizuddhi - udayanAcAryakRta yaha nyAyavArttikatAtparya kI TIkA hai / isa parizuddhi para vardhamAna upAdhyAyakRta 'prakAza' hai| svAyavivaraNa- madhvAcArya praNIta nyAyaviSayaka eka graMtha hai| nyAyavRtti - abhavatilaka dvArA nyAyavRtti tyAyadarzana ke sUtroM para racI gayI hai / nyAyasAra - bhAsarvajJa (10vIM zatAbdI) dvArA racita nyAyasAra nyAya zAstra kA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / isa para aThAraha bhASya pAye jAte haiM / nyAyasiddhAsana - viziSTAdvaita darzana para AcArya rAmAnujapraNIta yaha eka grantha hai / isa nAma kA eka grantha AcArya veGkaTanAtha ne bhI racA thA / nyAyasudhA - ( 1 ) jayatIrthAcArya ( pandrahavIM zatAbdI ) ne mAdhyamata kA vivecana isa grantha meM kiyA hai / yaha grantha 'brahmasUtra' kI TIkA hai| sambhavataH yAdavAcArya ne isa para koI vRti likhI thI jo abhI taka prakAzita nahIM hai / (2) somezvara ( 1400 I0 ) ne kumArila bhaTTa ke 'tantravAtika' para nyAyasudhA nAmaka TIkA prastuta kii| nyAyasUtra - sambhavataH pA~cavIM athavA cauthI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM akSapAda gautama ne 'nyAyasUtra' prastuta kiyA / isa para vAtsyAyana muni kA bhASya hai tathA isa para aneka TIkAyeM evaM vRttiyA~ racI gayI haiM 'nyAyasUtra' hI nyAya darzana kA mUla grantha hai aura isake racayitA gautama RSi hI nyAya darzana ke pravartaka hai| de0 'nyAya' / nyAyasUcInibandha - vAcaspati mizra racita unhIM kI nyAyavAtikatAtparya TIkA kA yaha pariziSTa hai| isakA racanAkAla 898 vi0 hai /

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nyAyasUtrabhASya-paJcakakAra 379 nyAyasUtrabhASya-nyAyabhASya kA hI anya nAma nyAyasUtra bhASya hai / ise vAtsyAyana ne prastuta kiyA hai / nyAyasUtravRtti-satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vizvanAtha nyAyapaJcAnana ne gautamapraNIta nyAyasUtra para yaha vRtti rcii| nyAyasthiti-nyAyasthiti eka naiyAyika the, jinakA ullekha vikrama kI chaThI zatAbdI meM hue vAsavadattA-kathAkAra subandhu ne kiyA hai| nyAyAmRta-solahavIM zatAbdI meM vyAsa rAja svAmI ne zAGkara vedAnta kI AlocanA nyAyAmRta nAmaka grantha dvArA kii| AcArya zrInivAsa tIrtha ne isa para nyAyAmRtaprakAza nAmaka bhASya likhA hai| nyAyAlaGkAra-zrIkaNTha ne 10vIM zatAbdI meM yaha nyAyaviSayaka grantha prastuta kiyaa| nyAyalIlAvatI-bArahavIM zatAbdI meM vallabha nAmaka nyAyAcArya ne vaizeSika darzana sambandhI isa grantha ko prastuta kiyaa| 'nyAsa-zAkta loga apanI sAdhanA meM aneka divya nAmoM aura bIjAkSara mantroM kA prayoga karate haiN| ve dhAtu ke pattaroM para tathA ghaTa Adi pAtroM para mantra tathA maNDala khodate hai, sAtha hI pUjA kI aneka mudrAoM (a~guliyoM ke saMketoM) kA bhI prayoga karate haiM, jinheM nyAsa kahate haiM / isameM mantrAkSara bolate hue zarIra ke vibhinna aMgoM kA sparza kiyA jAtA hai aura bhAvanA yaha rahatI hai ki una aMgoM meM divya zakti Akara virAja rahI hai / aMganyAsa, karanyAsa, hRdayAdinyAsa, mahAnyAsa Adi isake aneka bheda haiN| paH parapriyatA tIkSNA lohitaH paJcamo rmaa| guhyakartA nidhiH zeSaH kAlarAtriH sUvAhitA / / tapanaH pAlanaH pAtA padmareNuniraJjanaH / sAvitrI pAtinI pAnaM vIratattvo dhanurdharaH / / dakSapAzvazca senAnI marIciH pavanaH zaniH / uDDIzaM jayinI kumbho'lasaM rekhA ca mohakaH / / mUlAdvitIyamindrANI lokAkSI mana AtmanaH / / pakSavadhinI ekAdazI-jaba pUrNimA athavA amAvasyA agrima pratipadA ko AkrAnta karatI hai ( arthAt tithivRddhi ho jAtI hai) to yaha pakSavardhinI kahalAtI hai| isI prakAra yadi ekAdazI dvAdazI ko AkrAnta karatI hai ( arthAt dvAdazI ke dina bhI rahatI hai) to vaha bhI pakSavadhinI hai| viSNu bhagavAn ko sone kI pratimA kA usa dina pUjana karanA cAhie / rAtri meM nRtya, gAna Adi karate hue jAgaraNa kA vidhAna hai / vaiSNava loga aise pakSa kI ekAdazI kA vrata agale dina dvAdazI ko karate haiM / de0 padma0, 6.38 / paMktidUSaNa brAhmaNa-jina brAhmaNoM ke baiThane se brahmabhoja kI paMkti dUSita samajhI jAtI hai, unako paMktidUSaNa kahA jAtA hai| aise logoM kI bar3I lambI sUcI hai| havya-kavya ke brahmabhoja kI paMkti meM yadyapi nAstika aura anIzvaravAdiyoM ko sammilita karane kA niyama na thA tathApi unheM paMkti se uThAne kI zAyada hI kabhI naubata AyI ho, kyoMki jo havya-kavya ko mAnatA hI nahIM, yadi usameM tanika bhI svAbhimAna hogA to vaha aise bhojoM meM sammilita honA pasanda na kregaa| paMktidUSakoM kI itanI lambI sucI dekhakara yaha samajhA jA sakatA hai ki paktipAvana brAhmaNoM kI saMkhyA bahuta bar3I nahIM ho sakatI / brAhmaNasamudAya ke atirikta anya vaNoM meM paMkti ke niyamoM ke pAlana meM DhIlAI honA svAbhAvika hai| paMktipAvana brAhmaNa-jina brAhmaNoM ke bhojapaMkti meM baiThane se pakti pavitra mAnI jAtI hai, unako paMktipAvana kahate haiM / inameM prAyaH zrotriya brAhmaNa (vedoM kA svAdhyAya aura pArAyaNa karanevAle) hote hai| saMskAra sambandhI bhojoM meM paMktipAvanatA brAhmaNoM kI vizeSatA mAnI jAtI thI, parantu vaha bhI sAmUhika na thii| paMktipAvana brAhmaNa paMktidUSaNa kI apekSA bahuta kama hote the| paJcakakAra-kaccha, keza, kaMghA, kar3A aura kRpANa dhAraNa karanA pratyeka sikkha ke lie Avazyaka hai| 'ka' akSara se pa-yaha vyaJjana varNoM ke paJcama varga kA prathama akSara hai| kAmadhenutantra meM isakA mAhAtmya nimnAMkita hai : ataH paraM pravakSyAmi pakArAkSa ramavyayam / caturvargapradaM varNa zaraccandrasamaprabham // paJcadevamayaM varNa svayaM parama kuNDalI / paJcaprANamayaM varNa trizaktisahitaM sadA / / triguNAvAhitaM varNamAtmAdi tattvasaMyutam / mahAmokSapradaM varNa hRdi bhAvaya pArvati / / tantrazAstra meM isake nimnalikhita nAma pAye jAte hai :

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380 prArambha honevAle ye hI pA~ca zabda (padArtha) paJcakakAra kahalAte haiM / paJcakRSNa-mAnabhAu sampradAya vAle jahA~ dattAtreya ko apane sampradAya kA saMsthApaka mAnate haiM vahIM ve cAra yugoM ke eka-eka naye pravartaka bhI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra ke 'kula pA~ca pravartakoM kI pUjA karate haiN| ina pAMca pravartakoM ko ve 'paJcakRSNa' kahate haiM / . paJcagavya - gAya se utpanna pA~ca padArthoM ( dUdha, dahI, ghRta, govara, gomUtra ) ke milAne se paJcagavya taiyAra hotA hai, jo hindU zAstroM meM bahuta hI pavitra mAnA gayA hai / aneka avasaroM para isakA gRha tathA zarIra kI zuddhi ke lie prayoga karate haiN| prAyazvittoM meM isakA prAyaH pAna kiyA jAtA hai| paJcagranthI- sikkhoM kI prArthanApustaka kA nAma paJcagranthI hai / isameM ( 1 ) japajI (2) rahirAsa (3) kIrtana - sohilA (4) sukhamaNi aura (5) AsA dIvAra nAmaka pAMca pusti kAoM kA saMgraha hai| pAMcoM meM se prathama tIna kA khAlasA sikkhoM dvArA nitya pATha kiyA jAtA hai| ye sabhI pArAyaNa ke grantha haiM / paJcaghaTapUrNimA- isa vrata meM pUrNimA devI kI mUrti kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| ekabhakta paddhati se AhAra karate hue pA~ca pUrNimAoM ko yaha vrata karanA caahie| vrata ke anta meM pAMca kalazoM meM kramazaH dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, madhu tathA zveta zarkarA bharakara dAna denA caahie| isase samasta manorathoM kI pUrti hotI hai / paJca tapa athavA pacAnti tapasthA pA~ca vaidika agniyoM kI upAsanA yA homakriyA kA parivartita rUpa pratIta hotA hai| vaidika paJcAgniyoM ke nAma hai dakSiNAgni (anvAhAryapacana), gArhapatya, AhavanIya, sabhya aura Avasathya paJcadazI - advaitavedAnta sambandhI yaha grantha vicAraNya svAmI ( mAnavAcArya) dvArA 1407 vi0 meM racA gyaa| yaha anuSTup chanda meM zlokabaddha] svatantra racanA hai| jaisA ki nAma se hI prakaTa hai, yaha pandraha prakaraNoM meM vibhakta hai aura prakaraNa grantha hai / isameM prAyaH 1500 zloka haiM / paJcakRSNa paJcapiNDikAgaurIvrata paJcadevopAsanA - adhikAMza vicArakoM kA kahanA hai ki AcArya zaGkara ne paJcadevopAsanA kI rIti calAyI, jisameM viSNu, ziva, sUrya, gaNeza aura devI paramAtmA ke ina pAMcoM rUpoM meM se eka ko pradhAna mAnakara aura zeSa ko usakA aGgIbhUta samajhakara pUjA kI jAtI hai| AcArya ne purAne pAJcarANa pAzupata, zAkta Adi matoM ko ekatra samanvita kara yaha paJcadeva upAsanA praNAlI Arambha kI / isIlie yaha smArta paddhati kahalAtI hai| Aja bhI sAdhAraNa sanAtanadharmI isa smArtta mata ke mAnane vAle samajhe jAte haiM / paJcapaTala - AcArya rAmAnuja racita eka grantha / paJcapallava - pavitra pazca pallava haiM Amra, azvattha, vaTa, plakSa (pAkar3a) aura udumbara ( gUlara) dhArmika kRtyoM meM inakA upayoga kalaza sthApana meM hotA hai / de0 hemAdri, 1.47 / paJcatapa ( paJcAgnitapa ) -- hindU tapasyA kI eka paddhati / isameM tapasvI cAra agniyoM kA tApa to sahana karatA hI hai| jo vaha apane cAroM ora jalAtA hai, pA~cavA~ sUrya bhI sira para tapatA hai| isI ko paJcAgni tapasyA kahate haiN| , paJcapAdikA - vedAntasUtra ke para racI gayI eka TIkA vi0) isake nirmAtA the / paJcavikAdarpaNa - amalAnanda svAmI advaitamata ke samartha vicAraka the / ye caudahavIM zatAbdI vi0 ke prArambha meM hue the / inhoMne padmapAdAcArya kRta paJcapAdikA kI paJcapAdikAdarpaNa nAma se TIkA likhI hai| isakI bhASA prAla aura bhAvagambhIra hai| isase amalAnanda kI mahatI vidvattA kA paricaya milatA hai / zAMkara bhASya ke pA~ca pAdoM zaMkaraziSya padmapAda (907 pacapAdikAvivaraNa padmapAdAcArya kuta paJcapAdikA para paJcapAdikAvivaraNa nAmaka TIkA kI racanA advaita vedAnta ke prakhara vidvAn mahAtmA prakAzAtmayati ne kI advaita jagat meM yaha TIkA bahuta mAnya hai| bAda ke AcAryoM ne prakAzAtmayati ( prakAzAnubhava inakA anya nAma thA ) ko Avazyaka pramANa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiyA hai / paJcapAdikAvivaraNa nAmaka inake grantha dvArA advaitamata kA, vizeSa kara padmapAdAcArya ke mata kA acchA pracAra huA / paJcapiNDa gaurI- bhAdra zukla tRtIyA ko yaha vrata gaurIvratakiyA jAtA hai, isa dina upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| rAtri ke prArambha meM gIlI miTTI se gaurI kI pA~ca pratimAe~ tathA inase pRthak gaurI kI pratimA banAkara sthApita karanI cAhie | rAtri ke prati prahara meM pratimAoM kA mantroccAraNa karate hue dhUpa, kapUra, ghRta, dIpaka, puSpa, ayaM tathA

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paJcabrahma upaniSad-paJcarAtrarakSA naivedyAdi se pUjana karanA caahie| AnevAle tInoM praharoM meM mantra, puSpa, naivedyAdi meM bhinnatA honI caahie| dUsare dina prAtaH eka sapatnIka brAhmaNa ko bulAkara dAna-dakSiNA dekara usakA sammAna karanA caahie| tadanantara gaurI kI pratimAoM ko kisI hathinI athavA ghor3I kI pITha para virAjamAna karake unheM kisI nadI, sarovara athavA kUpa meM visarjita kara denA caahie| paJcabrahma upaniSad - yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai / isameM brahmatatva kA nirUpaNa usake pA~ca rUpoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA hai / 1 paJcabhaGga dala - pA~ca vRkSa, yathA Amra, azvattha (pIpala), vaTa plakSa tathA udumbara kI pattiyAM hI paJcabhaGga dala haiM / de0 kRtyakalpataru, zAnti para / yahI paJcapallava kahe jAte haiN| sampradAyabheda se paJcapallavoM meM kucha heraphera bhI ho jAtA hai, udumbara aura plakSa ke sthAna para kucha loga panasa (kaTahara ) aura bakula (maulithI) ke patra grahaNa karate haiN| Upara kA varga vedasaMpradAyI hai / paJca makAra tantrazAstra meM pacamakAroM kA artha evaM unake dAna ke phala Adi kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| ye tAntrikoM ke prANasvarUpa hai, inake binA sAdhaka ko kisI bhI kArya kA adhikAra nahIM hai| madya, mAMsa, matsya, mudrA aura maithuna nAmaka pA~ca makAroM se jagadambikA kI pUjA kI jAtI haiN| isake binA koI bhI kArya siddha nahIM hotA aura tattvavid paNDita gaNa isase rahita karma kI nindA karate haiN| pakSamakAra kA phala mahAnirvANatantra ke gyArahaveM paTala meM isa prakAra hai : mapAna karane se aSTaizvarya aura parAmukti tathA mAMsa ke bhakSaNa se sAkSAt nArAyaNatva kA lAbha hotA hai| matsya bhakSaNa karate hI kAlI kA darzana hotA hai| mudrA ke sevana se viSNurUpa prApta hotA hai| maithuna dvArA sAdhaka ziva ke tulya hotA hai, isameM saMzaya nahIM / vastutaH paJcamakAra mUlataH mAnasika vRttiyoM ke saMketAtmaka pratIka the, pIche apane zabdArtha ke bhrama se ye vikRta ho gye| tantroM kI kukhyAti kA mukhya kAraNa ye sthUla pacamakAra ho haiM / paJcamahApApanAzanadvAdazI - zrAvaNa kI dvAdazI athavA pUrNimA ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| vratI ko bhagavAn ke bAraha rUpoM kA pUjana karanA caahie| amAvasyA ke dina tila, mUMga, gur3a tathA akSata kA naivedha 381 banAkara arpita karane kA vidhAna hai / paJca ratnoM ko dAna meM denA caahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se manuSya pA~ca mahA pApoM se vaise hI mukta ho jAtA hai, jaise indra, ahalyA, candra tathA bali apane mahApApoM se mukta hue the / paJcamahAbhUtavrata - caitra zukla paJcamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai| isameM paJca bhUtoM (pRthvI, jala, agni, vAyu tathA AkAza) ke rUpa meM bhagavAn hari kI pUjA hotI hai / eka varSa taka yaha anuSThAna calatA hai / varSa ke anta meM vastroM kA dAna karanA caahie| paJcamIvrata - mArgazIrSa zukla paJcamI ko isakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| sUryodaya hone para vrata sambandhI karmoM ko prArambha kara denA caahie| suvarNa, rajata, pItala, tAmra yA kASTha kI lakSmI jI kI pratimA athavA kisI vastra ke Tukar3e para unakI AkRti banAkara caraNoM se lagAkara mastaka taka phUla, phala tathA anyAnya bhakSyabhojya padArthoM se pUjana karanA cAhie sapanA nAriyoM ko puSpa, kesara tathA miSTAnnAdi se sajjita karake eka prastha akSata tathA ghRta se pUrita pAtra ko dAna meM denA caahie| mantra yaha hai "zriyo hRdayaM prasIdatu / " varSa ke pratyeka mAsa meM lakSmI kA pUjana bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se karane kA vidhAna hai / tadanantara lakSmI kI pratimA kA bhI dAna kara diyA jAya, aisA vidhAna hai / - 1 pacamUrti caitra zukla paJcamI ko yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai| isa dina upavAsa karate hue bhagavAn ke AyudhoM zaGkha, cakra, gadA tathA padma aura pRthvI kI AkRtiyA~ eka hI paridhi meM candana ke lepa se khIMcanA tathA unakA pUjana karanA caahie| pratyeka mAsa kI paJcamI ke dina yaha saba kRzya honA cAhie / varSAnta meM pAMca raMga ke vastroM kA dAna karanA caahie| isake anuSThAna se rAjasUya yajJa kA puNya prApta hotA hai / paJcaratna -- paJca ratna haiM-hIraka, vidruma, lahasuniyA, padmarAga tathA muktA ( kRtyakalpataru, naityakAlika kANDa, 366) / hemAdri (1.47 ) ke anusAra paJca ratnoM meM suvarNa, rajata, motI, mU~gA tathA lAjAvarta sammilita haiM / paJca ratnoM kA afe kRtyoM meM bahudhA upayoga hotA hai / ye mAGgalika mAne jAte haiM / paJcaratnastava - yaha appaya dIkSita kRta strotra grantha hai / paJcarAtrarakSA - AcArya rAmAnuja kRta eka vaiSNava grantha hai|

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382 paJcalAGgalavrata-paJcAla bAbhravya prAcIna AcAryoM ke pAMca siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa hai / paNDita sudhAkara dvivedI aura misTara thIvo ne milakara ise sampAdita aura prakAzita karAyA hai| paJcalAGgalavata-zilAhAra rAjA gandhArAditya (zaka saM0 1032-1110) ke eka tAmrapatra meM isa vrata kA ullekha hai| vaizAkha mAsa meM candragrahaNa ke samaya yaha vrata kiyA gayA thA / matsyapurANa (adhyAya 283) meM yaha vistAra se varNita hai / kisI puNya tithi, candra athavA sUrya grahaNa ke samaya athavA yugAdi tithi ko pA~ca kASTha ke hala tathA pA~ca hI suvarNa ke hala aura dasa bailoM ke sahita bhUmi kA dAna karanA 'paJca lAGgala vrata' kahalAtA hai| paJcaviMza brAhmaNa-sAmavedIya brAhmaNa granthoM meM tANDya brAhmaNa sabase adhika prasiddha hai| isameM pacIsa adhyAya haiM isalie yaha paJcaviMza brAhmaNa bhI kahalAtA hai| isake prathama adhyAya meM yajurAtmaka mantrasamUha hai, dUsare aura tIsare adhyAya meM bahustoma kA viSaya hai| chaThe adhyAya meM agniSToma kI prazaMsA hai / isa taraha aneka prakAra ke yAga-yajJoM kA varNana hai / pUrNa nyAya, prakRti-vikRtilakSaNa, mUla prakRti vicAra, bhAvanA kA kAraNAdi jJAna, SoDaza Rtvikparicaya, somaprakAzaparicaya, sahasra saMvatsarasAdhya tathA vizvasRSTasAdhya sUtroM ke sampAdana kI vidhi isameM pAyI jAtI hai| inake sivA taraha-taraha ke upAkhyAna aura itihAsa kI jAnane yogya bAteM likhI gayI hai| isa grantha meM somayAga kI vidhi aura usa sambandha ke sAmagAna vizeSa rUpa se haiM, sAtha hI kauna satra eka dina rahegA, kauna sau dina rahegA aura sAla bhara rahegA, kauna sau varSa rahegA aura kauna eka hajAra varSa rahegA isa bAta kI vyavasthAe~ bhI haiM / sAyaNAcArya isake bhASyakAra aura harisvAmI vRttikAra haiN| paJcavidhisUtra-Rk mantroM ko sAmagAna meM pariNata karane kI vidhi ke sambandha meM sAmaveda ke bahuta se sUtra grantha haiN| inameM se eka kA nAma 'paJcavidhisUtra' hai aura dUsare kA 'prtihaarsuutr'| ye grantha kAtyAyana ke likhe kahalAte haiN| paJcavidhisUtra meM do prapAThaka hai| paJcazikha-sAMkhyayoga ke do aitihAsika AcAyoM kA ullekha mahAbhArata meM AtA hai, ye haiM paJcazikha evaM vArSagaNya / pAJcarAtroM kA vizvAsa hai ki unake mata kI dArza- nika zikSAoM ke pravartaka paJcazikha the, kyoMki vaiSNava dharma sAMkhyayoga ke siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai| paJcasiddhAntikA-jyotivid varAhamihira kA likhA jyo- tiSazAstraviSayaka eka grantha / isameM grahagati sambandhI paJcAmRta-devamUrtiyoM para paJcAmRta car3hAne kI prathA ati prAcIna hai| vividha pUjAoM ke pazcAt paJcAmRta (dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, zarkarA evaM madhu) se mUrti ko snAna karAyA jAtA hai tathA isake bAda dhAtu ke chidrita pAtra se dugdha-jala dvArA abhiSeka karate haiN| paJcAmRta snAna karAte samaya vedamantroM kA alaga-alaga uccAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| zAlagrAma ko jisa paJcAmata meM nahalAte haiM use prasAda ke rUpa meM bhaktajana grahaNa karate haiN| paJcAyatanapUjA-isa pUjA kI prathA kisI vidvAna dhArmika vyavasthApaka kI sUjha hai| kintu kisane aura kaba ise Arambha kiyA yaha nizcita rUpa se kahanA kaThina hai / paJcAyatana pUjA ke rUpa meM pA~ca devoM (viSNu, ziva, durgA, sUrya aura gaNeza) kI niyamita pUjA smArtoM ke lie batAyI gayI hai| aneka vidvAnoM kA kathana hai ki zaGkarAcArya ne isa prathA kA Arambha kiyaa| kucha isako kumArila bhaTTa dvArA pravartita mAnate haiM, jabaki anya ise aura bhI prAcIna batalAte haiM / itanA spaSTa hai ki paJcAyatana pUjA usa samaya prArambha huI jaba brahmA kA mahattva kama ho cukA thA evaM uparyukta pA~ca devatA prasiddhi prApta kara cuke the| kucha vidvAn isakA Arambha sAtavIM zatAbdI I0 se batalAte haiM / paJcAyatana ke pA~coM devatAoM para pA~ca upaniSadeM isa kAla meM racI gayIM jo atharvaziras nAma se saMgRhIta haiM / ve nizcaya hI sAmpradAyika upaniSadeM haiN| isa pUjApaddhati meM anya devatAoM ke ye pratinidhi (paJcAyatana) hai| isIlie sAmAnya hindU pA~coM ke sAtha anya devoM kI pUjA bhI kara sakatA hai| paJcAla vAbhravya-Rk saMhitA ke kramapATha ke pravartaka AcArya / prAtizAkhya (11.13) meM ye kevala 'vAbhravya' kaha gaye haiN| prAtizAkhya se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki kuru-paJcAla loga jaise kramapATha ke calAne vAle hue, usI taraha kosalavideha ke loga arthAt zAkala samudAya vAle padapATha ke pravartaka the / padapATha se zabdoM kI ThIka vivecanA kI rakSA aura kramapATha se mantroM ke ThIka-ThIka krama kI rakSA abhipreta hai|

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paJcIkaraNa-paNi 383 paJcIkaraNa-zaGkarAcArya racita maulika laghu racanAoM meM inhoMne alaMkArAdi ke udAharaNa ke lie kevala svaracita eka 'paJcIkaraNa' bhI hai / kavitAoM kA hI prayoga kiyA hai| kAvya kSetra meM inakI paJcIkaraNavArtika-zAGkaramata ke AcAryoM meM sabase adhika racanAyeM bhAminIvilAsa, karuNAlaharI, gaGgAlaharI Adi pratiSThAprApta surezvarAcArya (pUrvAzrama meM maNDanamizra) ne ke rUpa meM atyanta madhara hai / zAhajahA~ ke dillI daravAra jina aneka granthoM kI, racanA kI unameM se paJcIkaraNa- meM ye rAjapaNDita bhI rahe the| vArtika bhI eka hai| paNDitarAja sAhityazAstrI ke rUpa meM adhika pakSAsAhaba-sikkha tIrtha pezAvara jAne vAle mArga para takSa prakhyAta hai| kintu hRdaya se ye karuNarasapUrNa bhakta aura zilA se eka sTezana Age tathA hasana abdAla se do mIla dhArmika pravRtti ke the / inake grantha bhAminIvilAsa, rasadakSiNa yaha sthAna hai| isa nAma kI eka vicitra kahAnI hai| gaGgAdhara aura pA~ca laharI racanAe~ isa bAta kI puSTi eka samaya balI kandhArI nAmaka phakIra ne isa jagaha ke Asa- karatI hai| pAsa ke jala ko apanI zakti se khIMcakara pahAr3a ke Upara paNDitArAdhya-vIrazaivoM (liGgAyatoM) kI utpatti ke bAre apane kabje meM kara liyA / yaha kaSTa guru nAnaka se na meM vibhinna mata hai / paramparA yaha hai ki yaha sampradAya sahA gayA / anta meM unhoMne apanI zakti se sampUrNa jala pAMca saMnyAsiyoM dvArA sthApita haA, jo bhinna-bhinna yugoM khIMca liyaa| jala ko jAtA dekhakara valI kandhArI pIra ne meM ziva ke mastaka se utpanna hue mAne jAte haiM / inake nAma eka vizAla parvatakhaNDa Upara se girA diyA / parvata ko hai--ekorAma, paNDitArAdhya, revaNa, marula evaM vishvaaraadhy| AtA dekha guru nAnaka ne apane hAtha kA paJjA lagAkara ye ati prAcIna the| mahAtmA vasava ko inake dvArA sthApita use roka diyaa| Aja bhI vaha hAtha ke paje kA nizAna mata kA punaruddhAraka mAnA jAtA hai / kucha prArambhika pranthoM isa tIrtha meM vidyamAna hai| vaizAkha kI pratipadA ko yahA~ meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ye pAMcoM vasava ke samakAlIna melA hotA hai| the / uparyukta nAma pA~ca prAcIna maThoM ke prathama mahantoM ke paTalapATha-kisI paTTa, patra athavA takhtI para jo tAntrika haiN| paNDitArAdhya nanghala ke nikaTa zrIzaila maTha ke prathama mantra likhe jAte haiM unako 'paTala' kahate haiN| unake pArAyaNa mahanta (maThAdhIza) the| ko paTalapATha kahA jAtA hai / paTala kisI yogya vyakti paNi-Rgveda meM paNi nAma se aise vyakti athavA samUha dvArA hI aGkita honA cAhie / ayogya puruSa dvArA tayAra kA bodha hotA hai jo dhanI hai kintu devatAoM kA yajJa nahIM paTalAdi kA par3hanA niSiddha hai| karatA tathA purohitoM ko dakSiNA nahIM detA / ataeva yaha paNDita-yaha eka viruda hai| 'paNDita' kA prayoga prathamataH / vedamAgiyoM kI ghRNA kA pAtra hai| devoM ko paNiyoM ke upaniSadoM meM huA hai (bR0 u03,4,1;6.4,16,17; chA0 Upara AkramaNa karane ko kahA gayA hai| Age yaha ullekha u0, 6.14,2; muNDaka0, 1.2,8 Adi) / isakA mUla artha unakI hAra tathA vadha ke sAtha huA hai / kucha paricchedoM meM hai 'jisako paNDA (sadasadvivekinI buddhi) prApta ho gayo paNi paurANika daitya haiM, jo svargIya gAyoM athavA AkAho' / yaha viruda brAhmaNoM aura anya varNa ke vidvAnoM ke zIya jala ko rokate haiN| unake pAsa indra kI dUtI saramA nAma ke pUrva lagAne kI prathA hai| bhejI jAtI hai (R0 10.108) / Rgveda (8.66,10; paNDitarAja jagannAtha---paNDitarAja jagannAtha bhaTroji 7.6,2) meM dasyu, mRdhavAk evaM grathin ke rUpa meM bhI dIkSita ke guru zeSakRSNa dIkSita ke putra tathA vIrezvara inakA varNana hai| dIkSita ke ziSya the| yaha nizcaya karanA kaThina hai ki paNi kauna the| rAtha darzana, tarka, vyAkaraNa Adi zAstroM ke gambhIra ke matAnusAra yaha zabda 'paNa = vinimaya' se banA hai tathA vidvAn hone ke sAtha hI ye sAhityazAstra ke pramukha lakSaNa paNi vaha vyakti hai jo binA badale ke kucha nahIM de sktaa| granthakAra aura zreSTha kAvyaracayitA bhI the| saMskRta isa mata kA samarthana jimara tathA laDaviga ne bhI kiyA sAhitya ke apane prakhyAta AlocanAgrantha rasagaGgAdhara meM hai| laDaviga ne isa pArthakya ke kAraNa paNioM ko yahA~

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384 paNDharapura-patravrata kA AdivAsI vyavasAyI mAnA hai| ye apane sArtha araba, hai / grantha kI zailI bhI cuTakUloM jaisI vinodapUrNa, praznopazcimI eziyA tathA uttarI aphrIkA meM bhejate the aura taramayI sAtha hI gambhIra cintanabahala hai| isI lie apane dhana kI rakSA ke lie barAbara yuddha karane ko yahA~ bhASya zabda ke sAtha 'mahA' vizeSaNa sArthaka hotA hai| prastuta rahate the| dasyu athavA dAsa zabda ke prasaMgoM ke (2) yogadarzana ke nirmAtA RSi bhI pataJjali kahe AdhAra para uparyukta mata puSTa hotA hai| kintu Avazyaka jAte hai / mahAbhASyakAra evaM yogadarzanakAra donoM pataJjali hai, ki AryoM ke devoM kI pUjA na karane vAle aura purohitoM eka hai athavA nahIM, ThIka-ThIka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| ko dakSiNA na dene vAle ina paNiyoM ke bAre meM aura bhI parantu donoM eka ho sakate haiM / mahAbhASyakAra pataJjali kucha socA jAya / inheM dharmanirapekSa, lobhI aura hiMsaka dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 ke prArambha meM hue the| sUtrazailI kI vyApArI kahA jA sakatA hai / ye Arya aura anArya donoM racanAe~ prAyaH isa kAla taka aura isake Age bhI hotI ho sakate haiM / hilabaiNTa ne inheM sTrAbo dvArA ullikhita rhii| ataH bhASyakAra yogasUtrakAra bhI ho sakate haiN| paniyana jAti ke tulya mAnA hai, jisakA sambandha dahA de0 'yogadarzana' / (dAsa) logoM se thA / phiniziyA inakA pazcimI upaniveza thA, jahA~ ye bhArata se vyApArika vastueM, lipi, patAkA-isa zabda kA purAnA prayoga adbhUta brAhmaNa meM kalA Adi le gye| huA hai / isakA vaidika paryAya 'ketu' hai| dhArmika kRtyoM paNDharapura-mahArASTra pradeza kA pradhAna tiirth| mahArASTra meM devatAoM ke ratha ke pratIka rUpa meM patAkA kI sthApanA santoM ke ArAdhya bhagavAn viSNu yahA~ adhiSThita haiM jo hotI hai| viTThala kahe jAte haiM / bhakta puNDarIka kI bhakti se rIjhakara pati-pAzupata sampradAya meM tIna tattva pradhAna hai-pati, bhagavAn jaba sAmane prakaTa hae to bhakta ne unake baiThane ke pazu aura pAza / ziva hI pati hai, manuSya unake pazu hai lie IMTa (viTa) dhara dI (thala) / isase bhagavAn kA nAma jo pAza (sAMsArika mAyA) se baMdhe rahate haiN| 'pati' 'viTThala' par3a gayA hai / devazayanI aura devotthAnI ekAdazI athavA ziva ke anugraha se hI paz ( manuSya ) pAza ko bArakarI sampradAya ke loga yahA~ yAtrA karane Ate haiN| (sAMsArika bandhana ) se mukta hotA hai / de0 'pAzupatayAtrA ko hI vArI denA kahate haiN| bhakta puNDarIka isa sampradAya' / dhAma ke pratiSThAtA mAne jAte haiM / saMta tukArAma, jJAnezvara, pati-paza-pAzama-pAzapata-sampradAya kI taraha zava sampradAya meM nAmadeva, rA~kA-bAMkA, narahari Adi bhaktoM kI yaha nivAsa kA-bAkA, narahAra Adi bhaktA kA yaha nivAsa- bhI jIva mAtra pazu kahalAte haiN| unake pati pazupati arthAt bhUmi rahI hai| paMDharapura bhImA nadI ke taTa para hai, jise ___ mahezvara ziva hai / mala, karma, mAyA aura rodhazakti ye yahA~ candrabhAgA bhI kahate haiM / cAra pAza haiM / svAbhAvika apavitratA kA nAma mala hai, pataJjala kApya-eka RSi kA nAma, jinakA ullekha do| jo dRk aura kriyA zakti ko Dhake rahatA hai| dharmAdharma bAra bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad (3.3,1; 7,1) meM huA hai / kA nAma karma hai / pralaya meM jisake bhItara sabhI kArya samA vebara ke matAnusAra unakA nAma kapila tathA pataJjali jAte hai aura sRSTi meM jisase sabhI kArya nikalate haiM, use (sAMkhyayoga praNAlI ke pravartaka) nAmoM kA pUrva rUpa hai, mAyA kahate haiM / puruSa kI gati meM rukAvaTa DAlanevAle isI se Age calakara do darzanakAra RSinAmoM kA vikAsa karma rodhazakti kahalAte haiN| huaa| patravrata-yaha saMvatsara vrata hai / eka varSa taka isakA anuSThAna pataali-(1) saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke itihAsa meM pataJjali hotA hai| isameM strI eka pAna, supArI tathA cUnA kA mahAbhASya mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai / isa grantha kI kisI strI yA puruSa ko dAna meM de detI hai| varSa ke anta mahattA vyAkaraNa zAstra kI upAdeyatA ke atirikta meM suvarNa athavA rajata kA pAna tathA cUne ke rUpa meM tatkAlIna sAmAjika, sAMskRtika, bhaugolika, aitihAsika motiyoM kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai| aisI strI na kabhI evaM rAjanItika dazAoM para bhI prakAza DAlane ke kAraNa durbhAgyagrasta rahatI aura na usake mukha se durgandha AtI hai|

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pathikRt-padmanAbhatIrtha (zobhana) 385 pathikRt-mArga banAne vAlA, niyama nirdhArita karane vaalaa| padArthamAlA-satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika kAla meM yaha zabda Rgveda tathA anya saMhitAoM meM aneka bAra laugAkSibhAskara ne nyAya (pUrvamImAMsA) viSayaka isa grantha vyavahata hai / isakI mahattA Adi kAla se hI patha khojane ko likhaa| ke kArya se sambandhita hai| yaha vizeSaNa agnideva (taitti0 padArthavata--mArgazIrSa zukla dazamI ko yaha vrata prArambha saM0, zata0 brA0, kauSI0 brA0) ke lie bAra-bAra isalie kiyA jAtA hai / isa dina upavAsa rakhate hue dikpAloM prayakta haA hai ki prArambhika kAla meM Age bar3hane ke lie ke sAtha dasoM dizAoM kA pUjana karanA cAhie / eka varSa Arya agni jalAte the aura usake prakAza meM bar3hate the / pUSA taka isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| varSa ke anta meM godAna ko bhI pathikRt kahA gayA hai, kyoMki vaha pazujhuNDoM kI karane kA vidhAna hai / isase saMkalpa kI siddhi hotI hai / rakSA karatA thaa| RSiyoM ko bhI pathikRta kahA gayA hai, padArthasaMgraha-AcArya madhva ke ziSya padmanAbhAcArya ne padArthajinhoMne samAja ko prathama jJAna kA mArga dikhlaayaa| saMgraha nAmaka prakaraNa grantha likhA thA, jisameM madhvAcArya pada-(1) chanda yA zloka kA caturthAMza / yaha artha isake ke mata kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| padArthasaMgraha ke Upara prArambhika artha 'caraNa' (pAda) se nikAlA gayA hai, jo unhoMne madhvasiddhAntasAra nAmaka vyAkhyA bhI likhI thii| caupAyoM ke lie vyavahRta hotA hai aura jisake nAte eka isakA racanAkAla 13vIM zatAbdI hai| caraNa caturthAMza huaa| padmakayoga-(1) ravivAra ko yadi saptamIviddhA SaSThI par3e to (2) chanda ke caturthAMza ke artha meM isakA prayoga Rgveda padmakayoga hotA hai, jo sahasra sUryagrahaNoM ke samAna puNyase hI hone lgaa| pIche bhI isa artha meM isakA prayoga haA zAlI hai / de0 vratarAja, 249 / hai, kintu brAhmaNoM meM isase 'zabda' kA bhI bodha hotA hai| (2) sUrya vizAkhA nakSatra para ho tathA candra kRttikA (3) santa kaviyoM ke pUre gIta athavA bhajana ko bhI nakSatra para, taba padmaka yoga hotA hai / de0 hemAdri kA catulokabhASA meM pada kahA jAtA hai| dhArmika kSetra meM aise vargacintAmaNi / padoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| (3) jImUtabAhana ke 'kAlaviveka' ke anusAra jaba sUrya padakalpataru-vaiSNava gItoM kA eka saMgraha / caitanya sAhityA- vizAkhA nakSatra ke tRtIya pAda meM tathA candramA kRttikA ke ntargata 18vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vaiSNavadAsa ne isa prathama pAda meM ho taba padmaka yoga banatA hai / grantha kI racanA kI / yaha choTe-choTe padoM (chandoM) kA padmanAbha-(1) viSNu kA eka paryAya / isakA artha hai saMgraha hai| 'jisakI nAbhi meM kamala hai|' kamala vizva ko sRSTi aura padayojanikA-zaGkarAcArya kRta upadezasAhasrI para svAmI prajJA ke vikAsa kA pratIka hai| purANoM ke anusAra isI rAmatIrtha ne padayojanikA nAma ko TIkA likhI hai / isakA kamala se brahmA kI utpatti huI hai isalie brahmA ko 'kamalaracanAkAla satrahavIM zatAbdI hai / yoni' athavA 'padyayoni' bhI ka te haiN| padArtha-pada (zabda) kA vAcya yA kathanIya Azaya; vastutattva / (2) kAtyAyanasUtra ke aneka bhASyakAroM meM padmanAbha vaizeSika darzana ke anusAra padArtha chaH haiM-(1) dravya (2) bhI eka hai| guNa (3) karma (4) sAmAnya (5) vizeSa (6) samavAya / padmanAbha tIrtha-AcArya madhva ke ziSya / inhoMne madhvaracita ina padArthoM ke samyak jJAna se hI mokSa prApta hotA hai / de0 anuvyAkhyAna kI, jo vedAntasUtra kA padyamaya vivaraNa hai, 'vaizeSika darzana' / TokA likhii| yaha 'saMnyAsa ratnAvalI' nAma se prasiddha hai| padArthakaumudo-mAdhva matAvalambI AcArya vedeza tIrtha (18 padmanAbha tIrtha (zobhana)-AcArya madhva dehatyAga karate vIM zatAbdI) ne isa grantha kI racanA kii| samaya apane ziSya padmanAbha tIrtha ko rAmacandrajI kI mUrti padArthadharmasaMgraha-prazastapAda kA padArthadharmasaMgraha nAmaka grantha aura zAlagrAma zilA dekara kaha gaye the ki tuma mere mata vaizeSika darzana kA bhASya kahalAtA hai| parantu yaha bhAgya kA pracAra karate rahanA / guru ke upadezAnusAra padmanAbha ne nahIM, sUtroM ke AdhAra para banA huA svatantra grantha hai| cAra maTha sthApita kiye / inakA pahalA nAma zobhana bhaTTa thaa|

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386 padmanAbhadvAdazI-paMtha(patha) ye bahuta bar3e vidvAn the aura cAlukya rAjadhAnI kalyANa (10) kAyasthotpatti ora kAyasthasthitinirUpaNa (11) meM rahate the| eka bAra inakA zAstrArtha madhvAcArya se huaa| kAliJjaramAhAtmya (12) kAlindImAhAtmya (13) zobhana bhaTTa zAstrArtha meM hAra gaye aura inhoMne vaiSNavamata kAzImahAtmya (14) kRSNanakSatramAhAtmya (15) vedArasvIkAra kara liyaa| taba inakA nAma padmanAbhAcArya pdd'aa| kalpa (16) gaNapatisahasranAma (17) gautamImAhAtmya madhvAcArya ke bAda ye hI AcArya padAsIna hue / padmanAbhA- (18) citraguptakathA (19) jagannAtha mAhAtmya (20) cArya ne madhva ke granthoM kI TIkAe~ bhI likhIM aura saMpra- taptamudrAdhAraNamAhAtmya (21) tIrthamAhAtmya (22) dAya kA acchA vistAra kiyaa| ye terahavIM zatAbdI meM tryambakamAhAtmya (23) devikAmAhAtmya (24) dharmAkhyavartamAna the| mAhAtmya (25) dhyAnayogasAra (26) paMcavaTImAhAtmya padmanAbhadvAdazI-Azvina zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA (27) pAyinImAhAtmya (28) prayAgamAhAtmya (29) Arambha hotA hai| eka kalaza kI sthApanA karake usameM phAlgunIkRSNa-vijayAmAhAtmya (30) bhaktavatsalamAhAtmya bhagavAn padmanAbha (viSNu) kI pratimA virAjamAna kI (31) bhasmamAhAtmya (32) bhAgavatamAhAtmya (33) bhImAjAtI hai, usakA candana, akSata, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedyAdi mAhAtmya (34) bhUtezvaratIrthamAhAtmya (35) malamAsase pUjana hotA hai| dUsare dina use dAna meM de diyA mAhAtmya (36) mallAdisahasranAma stotra (37) yamunAjAtA hai| mAhAtmya (38) rAjarAjezvarayoga kathA (39) rAmasahasrapadmapAdikA- (paJcapAdikA) zaMkarAcArya ke ziSya padmapA nAma stotra (40) rukmAGgadakathA (41) rudrahRdaya (42) dakRta eka dArzanika grantha / isake Upara prabodhaparizodhinI reNukAmahasranAma (4) vikRtajananazAntividhAna (44) nAma kI eka TIkA hai, jisake racayitA narasiMhasvarUpa ke viSNusahasranAma (45) vRndAvanamAhAtmya (46) veGkaTastotra ziSya AtmasvarUpa the| ( 47 ) vedAntasAra zivasahasranAma ( 48 ) veNyopAkhyAna ( 49 ) baitaraNI vratodyApanavidhi (50) vaidyanAthamAhAtmya padmapurANa-isake pA~ca khaNDa hai-(1) sRSTikhaNDa (2) (51) vaizAkhamAhAtmya (52) zivagItA (53) zatAzvabhUmikhaNDa (3) svargakhaNDa (4) pAtAlakhaNDa aura (5) vijaya ( 54 ) zivAlayamAhAtmya ( 55 ) zivasahasranAma uttarakhaNDa / viSNupurANa kI sUcI ke anusAra padma purANa stotra (56) zItalAstotra (57) zozIpuramAhAtmya (58) dUsarA purANa hai| devIbhAgavata ke atirikta, jisake mata zvetagirimAhAtmya (59) saGghaTanAmASTaka (60) satyose mArkaNDeya purANa dUsarA hai, saba purANa isI ko dUsarA pAkhyAna (61) sarasvatyaSTaka (62) sindhurAgirimAhAtmya sthAna dete haiM aura isa bAta para ekamata haiM ki padmapurANa (63) sudarzanamAhAtmya (64) hanumatkavaca (65) harizcameM 54,000 zloka haiN| kevala brahmavaivartapurANa ke mata se ndropAkhyAna (66) haritAlikAvratakathA (67) harSezvaraisameM 59,000 zloka hone cAhie / isameM hiraNmaya pakSa mAhAtmya (68) holikAmAhAtmya ityAdi / (sunahare kamala) se saMsAra kI utpatti kA vRttAnta varNita hai, isalie isa purANa ko badhajana 'padma' kahate haiM / saSTi- padmasaMhitA-yaha prAyaH sabase prAcIna saMhitA mAnI jAtI khaNDa ke 36veM adhyAya meM isakI kathA hai, jisameM saMsAra hai, jisameM cAra khaNDa haiM-jJAnapAda, yogapAda, kriyApAda kI utpatti kA savistara varNana hai aura isase matsyapurANa evaM caryApAda / kevala do hI saMhitAoM 'padma' tathA 'viSNukI ukti kA samarthana hotA hai| tattva' meM uparyukta cAra khaNDoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| nIce likhI choTI-choTI pothiyA~ padmapurANa ke antargata adhikAMza saMhitAe~ kevala kriyA evaM caryApAdoM kA hI mAnI jAtI haiM : varNana karatI haiN| (1) aSTamUrtiparva (2) ayodhyAmAhAtmya (3) padmAvalo-caitanya saMpradAya ke mahAtmA rUpa gosvAmI dvArA utpalAkhyamAhAtmya (4) kadalIpuramAhAtmya (5) racita eka saMskRta nATaka / kamalAlayamAhAtmya (6) kapilagItA (7) paMtha (patha)-yaha zabda dhArmika sampradAya kA dyotaka hai| karavIramAhAtmya (8) karmagItA (9) kalyANakANDa prAyaH nirgaNavAdI santoM dvArA calAye gaye sampradAyoM ko

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pandaram-paramahaMsa 387 paMtha kahate haiN| yathA kabIrapantha, nAnakapantha, dAdUpantha hai| varSa ke anta meM zrAddha karanA cAhie, pA~ca gAyeM. Adi / vastra tathA jalapUrNa kalaza dAna meM denA caahie| de0 pandarama-tamilanADu ke zaiva mandiroM meM brAhmaNetara pujArI hemAdri, 2.254 / ko 'pandaram' kahate haiN| isa deza ke zaiva mandiroM meM sAmpra- (3) bhagavAn viSNu ko prasanna kara putra prApta karane kI dAyika bhinnatA nahIM hai / ve sabhI hinduoM, smArtoM, sAdhAraNa kAmanA se phAlguna zukla pratipadA se dvAdazI taka kevala zavoM, siddhAntavAdiyoM evaM liGgAyatoM ke lie khule rahate dugdha kI vastuoM se pUjana (devatA snAna, naivedya, homa aura hai| inameM pujArI brAhmaNa hote haiM, kintu kucha choTe mandiroM prasAda grahaNa) karanA caahie| de0 smRtikaustubha, 513meM pandaram ( abrAhmaNa zeva) loga acaMka kA kArya 514; bhAgavatapurANa, 8.16,22-62 / karate haiN| para Agama-raudrika AgamoM meM eka 'gara (vAtula) Agama', bhI hai| pannA-madhya pradeza meM sthita eka bhUtapUrva riyAsata kA prasiddha paraoti-satrahavIM zatI meM tamila bhASA ke bhakta kavi nagara aura tIrthasthAna / yahA~ bhagavAn yugalakizora kA paraJjoti ne 'tiruvila ADatapANama' nAmaka dhArmika grantha eka mandira aura jagannAtha svAmI ke do mandira hai| kI racanA kii| mahAtmA prANanAtha kA prasiddha mandira bhI yahA~ sthita hai| parapakSagirivatra-nimbArka vaiSNava saMpradAya kA eka tarkade0 'kulajjama sAhaba' / karkaza dArzanika grantha, jisameM advaita vedAnta ke adhyAsa, pampAsara-isa tIrtha kA varNana vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM pAyA mAyAvAda, jIvabrahmakayavAda Adi kA saTIka khaNDana kiyA jAtA hai| bhagavAn rAma vanavAsa ke samaya zabarI ke parA gayA hai| isakI racanA vaMgadezavAsI paM0 mAdhavamukunda marza se isa sarovara ke taTa para Aye the| isake nikaTa hI ne mAdhvavedAnta se prabhAvita hokara kI / mAdhavamukunda sugrIva kA nivAsa thaa| dakSiNa bhArata kI tuGgabhadrA nadI svabharAmI zAkhA ke vaiSNava the ataH inakA samaya satrahavIM pAra karake anAgudI grAma jAte samaya kucha dUra pazcima zatAbdI saMbhava hai| ukta grantha nyAya-vedAnta ke praur3ha pahAr3a ke madhya bhAga meM eka guphA milatI hai / usake aMdara jJAtAoM ke adhyayana kI sAmagrI upasthita karatA hai| zrIraGgajI tathA saptarSiyoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiM, Age pUrvottara parabrahmopaniSada-eka paravartI upaniSad / isameM parabrahma pahAr3a ke pAsa ho pampAsarovara hai| snAna karane ke lie (nirgaNa) kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| yAtrI prAyaH yahA~ Ate rahate haiN| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai paramaziva-navIM zatAbdI meM utpanna kazmIra ke vasugupta ki pampAsara vahA~ thA, jahA~ aba hAsapeTa nagara hai| nAmaka zivabhakta ne eka nayA dhArmika anubhava pracArita payas-vaidika saMhitAoM meM 'payas' zabda kA godugdha artha kiyaa| unake ziSya kallaTa ne 'spandasUtra' athavA 'spandaliyA gayA hai| kucha prasaMgoM meM ise paudhoM meM pAyA jAne kArikA' meM trika ( pati, pazu, pAza ) praNAlI ke advaita vAlA rasa samajhA gayA hai, jo unheM jIvana tathA bala pradAna siddhAnta kA ullekha kiyA hai| spandazAkhA meM AtmA karatA hai / katipaya sthaloM para yaha svargIya jala kA bodhaka kaThora yaugika sAdhanA se jJAna prApta karatA hai, jisase parama hai (R0 0 1.65,5,166; 3.33,1,4; 4.57,8 ziva (vizva ke paramaadhIzvara) kA anubhava hotA hai tathA Adi) / zatapatha brAhmaNa (9.5,1, ) meM 'payovata' nAma jIvAtmA zAnti meM vilIna ho jAtA hai| parama ziva se dugdha para hI jIvana dhAraNa karane vAle vrata kA vAstava meM mUla parama tattva kA hI paryAya hai| ullekha hai| paramazivendra sarasvatI-mahAtmA sadAzivendra sarasvatI ke payovrata-(1) yajJAnuSThAna ke lie dIkSita hone ke pazcAt guru kA nAma / ye prasiddha dhArmika netA the| kevala dugdhAhAra karane kA vidhAna hai| isI ko payovrata paramasahitA-eka vaiSNava sNhitaa| isameM vaiSNava siddhAntoM kahate haiM / (zatapatha0 9.5.1.1) tathA AcAra kA vizada varNana hai| (2) pratyeka amAvasyA ko yaha vrata karanA caahie| paramahaMsa-caturtha AzramI saMnyAsiyoM kI cAra zreNiyA~ isameM kevala dugdhAhAra vihita hai / eka varSa taka yaha calatA kuTIcaka, bahUdaka, haMsa aura paramahaMsa nAmaka hotI haiN|

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388 paramahaMsaparivrAjakopaniSat-parazurAma vairAgya aura jJAna kI uttarottara tIvratA ke kAraNa yaha paramAnanda sarasvatI-brahmAnanda sarasvatI ke dIkSAguru parazreNIvibhAjana kiyA gayA hai| paramahaMsa koTi kA saMnyAsI mAnanda sarasvatI the / satrahavIM zatAbdI ke AsapAsa inakA sarvazreSTha hotA hai| prAdurbhAva huA thaa| haMsa zabda sadasad-viveka kI zakti se paripUrNa AtmA paramArthasAra-pratyabhijJA siddhAnta kA yaha saMkSipta sAra hai| kA bodhaka hai / jisa puruSa meM AtmA kA parama vikAsa ho isakI racanA gyArahavIM zatI meM kazmIra ke AcArya abhicukA hai vaha 'paramahaMsa' kahalAtA hai| nava gupta ne kI thii| paramahaMsaparivAjakopaniSad-yaha saMnyAsAzrama sambandhI eka paramezvara Agama-yaha raudrika Agama hai / 'mataGga' isakA paravartI upaniSad hai| upAgama hai| paramahaMsopaniSad-saMnyAsa Azrama se sambandhita eka upa- paramezvaratantra-zAkta sAhitya meM tantroM kA sthAna bar3A niSad / saMnyAsI ko paramahaMsa bhI kahate haiM isalie isameM mahattvapUrNa hai| paramezvaratantra lagabhaga 908 vi0 kI saMnyAsAzrama meM praveza ke pUrva kI taiyArI, saMnyAsI kI racanA hai| veSabhUSA, AvazyakatA, bhojana, nivAsa sthAna tathA kArya paraloka-mAnava jIvana ke do pakSa hai-ihaloka athavA Adi kA varNana hai| sAMsArika jIvana aura paraloka athavA pAramArthika paramANu-vaizeSika matAnusAra dravya nau haiN| inameM se prathama jIvana / paraloka athavA paramArtha vyAvahArika jagat se bhinna cAra paramANu ke hI vibhinna rUpa haiN| pratyeka paramANu pari- hai| kucha loga svarga ko hI paraloka kahate haiN| vAstava meM vartanahIna, zAzvata, atisUkSma tathA adarzanIya hotA loka kI kalpanA sthAnIya hai, jo stara bheda dikhAne ke hai / paramANu gaMdha, svAda, prakAza evaM uSNatA (pRthvI, jala, lie kI gayI hai| vyaktigata lAbha-hAni kI cintA chor3avAya, agni ke pratinidhi svarUpa) ke anusAra cAra kakSAoM kara samaSTigata jIvana ke kalyANa ke lie kArya karanA hI meM ba~Ta jAte haiN| do paramANuoM ke milane se eka dvaghaNuka paramArtha (bar3A lAbha) hai| tathA tIna dvayaNakoM ke milane se eka trasareNu banatA hai jo parabatiyA gusAMI-parabatiyA gasA~I kAmAkhyA devI ke pradhAna vastu kI sabase choTI ikAI hai, jisakA AkAra guNayukta pujArI ko kahate haiM / yaha nadiyA (navadvIpa) kA nivAsI hotA hai tathA jise padArtha kahate haiM / baMgAlI brAhmaNa hotA hai| paramAtmA-vaizeSika matAnusAra nitya jJAna, nitya icchA parazurAma-viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM se chaThA avatAra, jo aura nitya saMkalpa vAlA, sarvasuSTi ko calAne vAlA vAmana evaM rAmacandra ke madhya meM ginA jAtA hai| parazu paramAtmA jIvAtmA se bhinna hai| arthAt paramAtmA aura (pharasA) nAmaka zastra dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa ye parazurAma jIvAtmA ke bheda se AtmA do prakAra kA hai| paramAtmA eka kahalAte haiM / jamadagni ke putra hone ke kAraNa ye jAmadagnya hai, jIvAtmA agaNita haiN| paramAtmA jaise pahale kalpa meM bhI kahe jAte haiN| inhoMne rAjA sahasrArjana kArtavIrya kA sRSTi racatA hai vaise hI isa kalpa meM pRthivI, svarga aura vadha kiyA thaa| paramparA ke anusAra inhoMne kSatriyoM kA antarikSa ko racatA hai| isase sRSTikartA Izvara nitya aneka bAra vinAza kiyaa| inakA janma akSaya tRtIyA siddha hotA hai / vaizeSika mata meM jIvAtmA aura paramAtmA ( vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ) ko huA thA / ataH isa dina vrata donoM anAtmapadArthoM se alaga hai, yaha manana se siddha karane aura utsava manAne kI prathA hai / hotA hai| isa avatAra ke prasaGga meM brahma-kSatrasaMgharSa kI carcA sAMkhya darzana paramAtmA athavA Izvara meM vizvAsa nahIM AtI hai| yaha mAnyatA ki parazurAma ne ikkIsa bAra pRthvI karatA; kevala baha puruSabahutva ko mAnatA hai| yogadarzana ko kSatriyavihIna kiyA thA, atiraMjita jAna par3atI hai| Izvara ko Adi guru mAnatA hai| vedAnta ke anusAra para- saMsAra kI sthiti evaM brahmANDaprakRti ke anusAra dharma kI mAtmA vyavahAra meM bhinna kintu vastutaH abhinna hai| rakSA tabhI saMbhava hai jaba brahma aura kSatra donoM hI zaktiyA~ paramAnanda upapurANa-yaha unnIsa upapurANoM meM se eka hai| samatA kI bhAvanA se paripUrNa rheN|

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parazurAmajayanto-parAzarasaMhitA 389 brahmazakti ke binA kSatrazakti puSTa nahIM hotI aura Rgveda meM zatyAtu tathA vasiSTha ke sAtha huA hai jo saMbhakSatrazakti ke binA brahmazakti bhI nahIM bar3ha sktii| donoM vataH unake cAcA tathA pitAmaha (kramazaH ) the| jina sAta ko samatA se hI saMsAra kA kalyANa saMbhava hai| RSiyoM ko RgvedIya mantroM ke sampAdana kA zreya hai unameM parazurAmabhArgavasUtra-isa grantha meM zAnoM ke kaula sampradAya parAzara kA nAma bhI sammilita hai| kI vibhinna zAkhAoM kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai / kaula (2) parAzara nAmaka smRtikAra bhI hue haiM jinhoMne mArga ke anusAra devI kI pUjA kA vidhAna isameM vistAra- parAzarasmRti kI racanA kii| vartamAna yuga ke lie yaha pUrvaka samajhAyA gayA hai| smati adhika upayogI mAnI jAtI hai : "kalo pArAzaraH parazurAmajayantI-vaizAkha zavala tRtIyA ko yaha jayantIvrata smRtaH / " sambandhI pUjana hotA hai| (3) mahAbhArata meM bhI parAzara kI kathA AtI hai| ye parazurAmadeva-nimbArka vaiSNava paramparA ke madhyakAlika vyAsa ke pitA the| isIlie vyAsa ko pArAzarya athavA dharmarakSaka pratApI saMta, jinhoMne apane tapobala se rAja- pArAzari kahA jAtA hai| sthAna meM phakIroM ke hindUvirodhI dharmonmAda kA paryApta (4) varAhamihira ke pUrva parAzara evaM garga prasiddha jyomAtrA meM zamana kiyaa| ye vaiSNavAcArya harivyAsadeva ke tivid ho cuke the| svabharAmadeva Adi prabhAvazAlI dvAdaza ziSyoM meM chaThe the| (5) parAzara nAmaka eka prAcIna vedAntAcArya bhI the| inakA samaya solahavIM zatAbdI kA madhyakAla hai| inakI rAmAnuja svAmI ke ziSya kUreza ke putra kA nAma bhI parAadhyAtmazakti se prabhAvita hokara aneka dezI nareza dharmaparAyaNa zara thA jinhoMne rAmAnuja kI AjJA se 'viSNusahasranAma' ho gaye, jinakI AsthA suphI santoM kI ora jAne lagI para bhASya likhaa| thii| jayapura se Age AmeramArga para sthita, bhavya 'parazu- parAzaramAdhava--mAdhavAcArya dvArA racita yaha grantha parAzararAmadvArA' nAmaka rAjakIya smAraka isakA pramANa hai / 'para- smRti ke Upara eka nibandha hai| smRtizAstra kI aisI zurAmasAgara' nAmaka upadezAtmaka racanA meM inakI kRtiyoM upayogI racanA sambhavataH dUsarI nahIM hai| parAzarasmRti kA saMgraha milatA hai jo rAjasthAnIprabhAvita hindI meM hai| meM jina viSayoM para, vizeSa kara vyavahAra (nyAya kArya) para tIrtharAja puSkara meM bhI inakI tapobhUmi hai| vahA~ se kucha prakAza nahIM DAlA gayA hai una sabako dUsarI smRtiyoM se dUra kisanagar3ha rAjya ke salImAbAda sthAna meM inhoMne lekara parAzaramAdhava meM jor3a diyA gayA hai| kisI phakIra ke prabhAva ko kuNThita kara vahA~ apanA varcasva dharmazAstra ke anusAra parAzarasmRti kI racanA kaliyuga sthApita kiyA thA, taba se vaha sthAna hindU dharmapracAra kA ke lie huI, kintu AkAra aura viSaya kI dRSTi se yaha kendra aura parazurAmadeva ke bhaktoM kI gurugaddI ho gayA / choTI smRti hai| isakA mahattva sthApita karane tathA paraAjakala bhI isa gaddI ke uttarAdhikArI vaiSNava rAnta mparA ko ucita siddha karane ke lie mAdhava ne 'parAzaradharmapracAra meM agrasara rahate haiN| mAdhavIya' kA praNayana kiyaa| sudUra dakSiNa meM hindU vidhi parAGakuza-viziSTAdvaita saMpradAya ke mAnya lekhaka zrInivAsa- para yaha pramANa grantha mAnA jAtA hai / isake mudrita saMskaraNa dAsa ne 'yatIndramatadIpikA' (pUnA saM0, pR0 2) meM aneka meM 2300 pRSTha pAye jAte haiM / vedAntAcAryoM kA nAmollekha kiyA hai unameM parAza parAzarasaMhitA (smRti)-smRtizAstra meM parAzarasmRti athavA AcArya bhI eka haiN| saMhitA prasiddha racanA mAnI jAtI hai| isa saMhitA kA parAzara-(1) Rgveda (7.18.21) meM zatyAtu tathA vasiSTha praNayana kaliyuga ke lie kiyA gayA thaa| isake prAstAke sAtha parAzara kA bhI ullekha hai / nirukta ( 6.30 ) ke vika ilokoM meM likhA hai ki RSi loga vyAsa ke pAsa anusAra parAzara vasiSTha ke putra the / kintu vAlmIkirAmA- jAkara prArthanA karane lage ki Apa kaliyuga ke lie yaNa meM inheM zakti kA putra tathA vasiSTha kA pautra kahA dharmopadeza kreN| vyAsajI RSiyoM ko apane pitA parAzara gayA hai| gelDanara kA mata hai ki parAzara kA ullekha ke pAsa le gaye, jinhoMne isa smRti kA praNayana kiyA /

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390 parikaravijaya-parivrAjaka isake prathama adhyAya meM smRtiyoM (unnIsa) kI gaNanA kI haiN| unakI ziSyaparamparA kA bhI acchA sAhitya hai| gayI hai aura kahA gayA hai ki manu, gautama, zaMkha-likhita inake anuyAyI vaiSNava haiM aura gujarAta, rAjasthAna, bundelatathA parAzara smRtiyA~ kramazaH satyayuga, tretA, dvApara tathA khaNDa meM adhika pAye jAte haiM / de0 'prANanAtha' / kaliyuga ke lie praNIta huI hai| paridhinirmANa-paridhi kA ullekha Rgveda (puruSasUkta) meM parikaravijaya-yaha dohayAcArya kRta eka grantha hai| pAyA jAtA hai : "saptAsyAsan paridhayaH" / parikramA-saMmAnya sthAna yA vyakti ke cAroM ora usakI Izvara ne eka-eka loka ke cAroM ora sAta-sAta dAhinI tarapha se ghuumnaa| isako pradakSiNA karanA bhI paridhiyA~ Upara-Upara racI haiM / ] gola vastu ke cAroM ora kahate haiM jo SoDazopacAra pUjA kA eka aMga hai / prAyaH eka sUta ke nApa kA jitanA parimANa hotA hai usako somavatI amAvasa ko mahilAeM pIpala vRkSa kI 108 paridhi kahate haiM / brahmANDa meM jitane loka haiM, Izvara ne parikramA karatI hai| isI prakAra durgA vI kI parikramA unameM eka-eka ke Upara sAta-sAta AvaraNa banAye haiM / eka kI jAtI hai / pavitra dharmasthAnoM, ayodhyA, mathurA Adi samudra, dUsarA basareNu, tIsarA meghamaNDala kA vAyu, cauthA puNyapariyoM kI parikramA kArtika meM samAroha se kI jAtI vRSTijala, pA~cavA~ vRSTijala ke Upara kA vAyu, chaThA hai / kAzI kI paMcakrozo (25 kosa kI), vraja meM govardhana atyanta sUkSma vAyu jise dhanaJjaya kahate haiM aura sAtavA~ parvata kI saptakozI, vrajamaMDala kI caurAsI kosI, narmadA sUtrAtmA vAyu jo dhanaJjaya se bhI sUkSma hai| ye sAta jI kI amarakaMTaka se samudra taka chaHmAsI aura samasta paridhiyA~ kahalAtI hai| bhAratakhaNDa kI varSoM meM pUrI hone vAlI isa prakAra kI paribhASA--(1) kisI bhI vaidika yajJakriyA ko samajhane vividha parikramAe~ dhArmikoM meM pracalita haiN| brajabhUmi meM ke lie tInoM zrautasUtroM ke (jo tInoM vedoM para alaga'DaNDautI' parikramA bhUmi meM pada-pada para daNDavat leTakara alaga AdhArita hai) karmakANDa vAle aMza kA adhyayana vedapUrI kI jAtI hai / yahI 108-108 vAra prati pada pr| vidyArthI ke lie Avazyaka hotA thaa| isa kArya ke lie AvRtti karake varSoM meM samApta hotI hai| kucha aura grantha race gaye the, jinheM paribhASA kahate haiN| pariNAmavAda-pariNAma kA zAbdika artha hai pariNati, ina paribhASA granthoM meM yaha dikhAyA gayA hai ki kisa phalana, vikAra athavA parivartana / jagata racanA ke sambandha prakAra tInoM vedoM ke mata kA kisI yajJa vizeSa ke lie meM sAMkhya darzana pariNAmavAda ko mAnatA hai| isake anu- ucita rUpa se prayoga kiyA jAya / sAra sRSTi kA vikAsa uttarottara vikAra yA pariNAma (2) pANinIya sUtroM para AdhArita vyAkaraNa zAstra dvArA avyakta prakRti se svayaM hotA hai| kArya kAraNa meM kA eka vyavasthita niyamaprayojaka grantha paribhASA antanihita rahatA hai, jo anukUla paristhiti Ane para kahalAtA hai| vyakta ho jAtA hai| yaha siddhAnta nyAya ke 'prArambhavAda' paribhASenduzekhara-yaha pANinIya sUtroM para AdhArita vyAka athavA vedAnta ke 'vivartavAda' se bhinna hai| raNazAstra ke paribhASA bhAga ke Upara nAgeza bhaTTa ko eka pariNAmI sampradAya vaiSNavoM kA eka upa sampradAya racanA hai / 'pariNAmI' athavA 'praNAmI' hai| isake pravartaka mahAtmA parimala-zAMkara bhASya kA upavyAkhyA grantha / isakI prANanAthajI pariNAmavAdI vedAntI the| ye vizeSataH pannA racatA appaya dIkSita ne svAmI nasiMhAthama kI preraNA (bundelakhaNDa) meM rahate the| mahArAja chatrasAla inheM apanA se kI / brahmasUtra ke Upara zAGkara bhASya kI vyAkhyA guru mAnate the| ye apane ko musalamAnoM kA meMhadI, bhAmatI' hai, bhAmatI kI TIkA 'kalpataru' hai aura kalpataru IsAiyoM kA masIhA aura hinduoM kA kalki avatAra kI vyAkhyA 'parimala' hai| kahate the / inhoMne musalamAnoM se zAstrArtha bhI kiye / parivrAjaka-isakA zAbdika artha saba kucha tyAgakara parisarvadharmasamanvaya inakA lakSya thaa| inakA mata nimbAkiyoM bhramaNa karane vAlA hai| parivrAjaka cAroM ora bhramaNa jaisA thaa| ye golokavAsI zrI kRSNa ke sAtha sakhya-bhAva karane vAle saMnyAsiyoM (sAdha-saMtoM) ko kahate hai| ye rakhane ko zikSA dete the| prANanAthajI kI racanAe~ aneka saMsAra se virakta tathA sAmAjika niyamoM se alaga rahate

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paruSNI-parvatASTamIvrata hue apanA samaya dhyAna, zAstracintana, zikSaNa Adi meM kahIM ullekha huA hai / ataH isakA artha pracalita palAza vyaya karate haiM / ye vRkSoM ke nIce sote tathA bhikSA se (patra) kI apekSA pUrvakAla kA koI vRkSa honA caahiye| bhojana prApta karate haiM / parivrAjaka kaba honA cAhie, isa parNaka-puruSamedha ke balipadArthoM kI sUcI ke antargata yaha sambandha meM zAstroM meM matabheda hai / sAdhAraNataH brahmacarya, vyaktinAma vAjasaneyI saMhitA tathA taittirIya brAhmaNa meM gArhasthya aura vAnaprastha Azrama kramazaH pUrA karane ke ullikhita hai| mahIdhara ke anusAra isase bhilla kA bodha pazcAta parivrAjaka hone kA vidhAna hai| kintu upaniSad hotA hai / sAyaNa ke matAnusAra isase machalI pakar3ane vAle kAla se hI utkaTa vairAgya vAle vyakti ke lie yaha prati- aise vyakti kA bodha hotA hai, jo pAnI para eka parNa bandha nahIM thaa| usake lie vikalpa thA : (viSasahita pattA) rakhakara machaliyA~ pakar3atA hai| kintu yadahareva virajet tadahareva parivrajet / yaha kevala zAbdika aTakalabAjI hai| vebara ke matAnusAra [ jisa dina vairAgya ho, usI dina parivAjaka ho jAnA isakA artha paMkha dhAraNa karane vAlA eka jaMgalI jIva hai, caahie|] kintu yaha artha bhI anizcita hai| parNaya-Rgveda kI do RcAoM (1.43.8;10.48.2) meM paruSNI-rAvI nadI kA yaha vaidika nAma hai| nadIstuti uddhRta yaha yA to kisI nAyaka kA nAma hai, jaisA ki (Rgveda, 10.75.5) tathA sUdAsa kI vijaya gAthA meM luviga socate haiM, athavA dAnava kA, jo indra dvArA paruSNI nadI kA ullekha hai / yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA vijita huaa| ki sudAsa kI vijaya meM isakA kyA yoga thA, kintu paryaGka-kauSItaki upaniSad (1.5) meM brahmA ke Asana adhikAMza vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki zatra isake pravAha kI kA nAma paryaGka hai / yaha sambhavataH dUsare sthAnoM para prayukta dizA badalane ke prayatna meM isakI teja dhArA meM baha AsandI ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| isakA artha zayyA gaye / Rgveda ke AThaveM maNDala (8.74.15) meM ise nahIM hai, jaisA ki upaniSad meM prayukta hai| siMhAsana ke mahAnada kahA gayA hai| Age calakara isa nadI kA nAma artha meM bhI isakA prayoga huA hai| irAvatI (rAvI) par3A, jisakA ullekha yAska ne kiyA parvata-Rgveda tathA atharvaveda meM parvata kA giri ke artha hai| pizela ke matAnusAra 'paruSNI' zabda kA UrNA (Una) meM prayoga huA hai| saMhitAoM meM parvatoM ke paMkhoM kA se sambandha hai| unakA kahanA hai ki isakA nAma puruSa + kAlpanika varNana hai / kauSItaki upaniSad meM dakSiNI tathA UrNA se gaThita huA hai / uttarI parvatoM ke nAmollekha haiM, jinase spaSTataH himAlaya parjanya-yaha eka vaidika devatA kA nAma hai| RgvedIya evaM vindhya parvatoM kA bodha hotA hai / atharvaveda meM parvatoM devatAoM ko tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai : pArthiva, para oSadhi evaM aJjana kI utpatti kA ullekha hai| vAyavIya evaM svargIya / vAyavIya devoM meM parjanya kI parvataziSyaparamparA---zaGkarAcArya se saMnyAsiyoM kA dasanAmI gaNanA hotI hai| prophesara s] Dara ke mata se sAtaveM sampradAya pracalita huaa| unake cAra pramukha ziSya the aura Aditya kA nAma parjanya hai, jo pahale dyau kA hI eka una cAroM ke kula milAkara dasa ziSya hue / ina dasoM ke viruda thA / parjanya bhI dyau evaM varuNa ke sadRza vRSTidAtA nAma se saMnyAsiyoM ke dasa bheda ho gaye / zaGkarAcArya ne hai| Rgveda (5.83) meM parjanya sambandhI RcAeM ThIka cAra maTha bhI sthApita kiye the, jinake adhIna ina praziSyoM usI prakAra kI haiM jaisI mitrAvaruNa athavA varuNa ke .. kI ziSyaparamparA calI AtI hai / jozImaTha ke saMnyAsI sambandha kii| 'parvata' upAdhi dhAraNa karate haiN| parNa-Rgveda (10.97.5) meM isakA ullekha azvattha ke parvatASTamIvrata---caitra zukla aSTamI ke dina parvatoM-himasAtha tathA atharvaveda (5.5.5) meM azvattha evaM nyagrodha ke vAn, hemakUTa, niSadha, nIla, zveta, zRMgavAn, meru, mAlyasAtha huA hai| isakI lakar3o se yajJa kI sthAliyoM ke vAn, gandhamAdana parvatoM tathA kimpuruSavarSa evaM uttara kuru Dhakkana, yajJa ke anya upAdAna juha yA yajJastambha tathA kI pUjA karanI caahie| caitra zukla navamI ko upavAsa sruva banate the| isake chilake (parNavalka) kA bhI kahIM- karanA cAhie / eka varSa taka yaha anuSThAna calatA hai|

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392 parva-pavitrAropaNavata varSa ke anta meM cAMdI kA dAna karane kA vidhAna hai| de0 (vahane vAlA) hai, jo zodhaka artha meM prayukta huA hai| isakA viSNudharma0, 3.174.1-7 / zAbdika artha hai 'pravahamAna' (zuddha hone yA karane vaalaa)| parva-gannA, sarakaNDA, juAra Adi ke paudhoM kI gA~ThoM ko pavitra-kuza ghAsa kA baTA huA challA, jo dhArmika anuSThAna parva kahate haiN| isakA eka artha zarIrasthita merudaNDa ke samaya anAmikA a~gulI meM dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| (rIr3ha) kA pora bhI hotA hai| kAla ke vibhAjaka grahoM kI isake dvArA yajJa karane vAle tathA yajJIya sAmagrI para jala sthiti bhI isakA artha hai, yathA amAvasyA, pUrNimA, se abhiviJcana kiyA jAtA hai / sonA, cA~dI, tA~bA milAsaMkrAnti, ayanArambha / isI AdhAra para sAmamantroM ke kara banAyA gayA challA bhI pavitra kahalAtA hai| vastra gItivibhAga tathA mahAbhArata ke kathAvibhAga bhI parva yA U~na kA challA bhI pavitra kahA jAtA hai : 'pUtaM pavikahalAte haiN| treNa iva Ajyam / ' vizeSa tithiyA~. jayantiyA~, catardazI. aSTamI. ekA- pavitrAropaNavata-isa vrata meM kisI devapratimA ko pavitra dazI, candragrahaNa, sUryagrahaNa Adi bhI parva kahalAte haiN| sUtra athavA janeU pahanAnA hotA hai| hemAdri (caturvargaparva ke dina tIrthayAtrA, dAna, upavAsa, japa, zrAddha, bhoja, cintAmaNi 2.440-453 ) aura IzAnazivagurudevapaddhati utsava, melA Adi hote haiN| madhu-mAMsAdi ke sevana kA usa Adi vistAra se isakA ullekha karate haiM / pavitrAropaNa dina niSedha hai| hindU, cAhe kisI pantha yA sampradAya ke una truTiyoM tathA doSoM ke parimArjanArtha hai jo samayakyoM na hoM, parva manAte aura tIrthayAtrA karate haiN| asamaya pUjA tathA anya dhArmika kRtyoM meM hote rahate haiN| parvabhUbhojanavrata-isa vrata meM parva ke dinoM meM khAlI bhUmi yadi prati varSa isa vrata kA AcaraNa na kiyA jAya to una para bhojana kiyA jAtA hai / ziva isake devatA haiM / isase saba saMkalpoM tathA kAmanAoM kI siddhi nahIM hotI jo atirAtra yajJa ke phaloM ko upalabdhi hotI hai / vratI ko abhISTa hai| yadi bhinna-bhinna devoM ko pavitra sUtra pahanAnA ho to tithiyA~ bhI bhinna bhinna honI palAla-atharvaveda (8.6.2) meM isa kA prayoga anu-palAla cAhie / bhagavAn vAsudeva ko sUtra pahanAne ke lie ke sAtha huA hai / isa zabda kA artha puvAla hai / isake strI zrAvaNa zakla dvAdazI sarvottama hai / bhinna-bhinna devagaNa kA liGga rUpa 'palAlI' kA ullekha atharvaveda (28.2) meM pavitrAropaNa nimnokta tithiyoM meM karanA cAhie : pratipadA jau ke bhUsA ke artha meM huA hai| dhArmika kRtyoM ke lie ko kubera, dvitIyA ko tInoM deva, tRtIyA ko bhavAnI, palAla se maNDapa taiyAra kiyA jAtA hai / sAmAnyataH bAlI caturthI ko gaNeza, paMcamI ko candramA, SaSThI ko kArtikeya, rahita dhAna ke sUkhe paudhe ko palAla kahate haiM / saptamI ko sUrya, aSTamI ko durgAjI, navamI ko mAtRpavana-pavana (pavitra karane vAlA) kA prayoga atharvaveda meM / devatA, dazamI ko vAsuki, ekAdazI ko RSigaNa, anna ke dAnoM ko usake chilake se alaga karane ke sahA dvAdazI ko viSNu, trayodazI ko kAmadeva, caturdazI ko yaka chalanI yA sUpa ke artha meM huA hai / gatizIla vAyu ke zivajI, aura pUrNimA ko brahmA / artha meM yaha zabda rUr3ha ho gayA hai| zivajI ko pavitra dhAgA pahanAne kI sarvottama tithi hai pavanavrata-sATha vratoM meM yaha bhI hai| mAgha mAsa meM isakA Azvina mAsa ke kRSNa athavA zukla pakSa kI aSTamI yA anuSThAna hotA hai| vratI ko isa dina gIle vastra dhAraNa caturdazI; madhyama tithi hai zrAvaNa mAsa kI tathA adhama hai karanA tathA eka gau kA dAna karanA caahie| isase vratI bhAdrapada kI / mumukSuoM ko sarvadA kRSNa pakSa meM hI pavitrAeka kalpa taka svarga meM vAsa karane ke bAda rAjA hotaa| ropaNa karanA caahie| sAmAnya jana zukla pakSa meM yaha vrata hai / mAgha bahuta hI ThaNDA mAsa hai| yaha eka prakAra kA kara sakate haiN| pavitrasUtra suvarNa, rajata, tAmna, rezama, kamalazItasaha tapa hai| nAla, darbha athavA ruI ke bane hoM jinheM brAhmaNa kanyAe~ pavamAna-Rgveda meM isa zabda kA prayoga soma ke lie huA kAteM tathA kATakara bnaayeN| kSatriya, vaizya kanyAe~ (madhyama) hai jo svataH calanI ke madhya se chanakara vizuddha hotA hai| athavA zUdra kanyAe~ ( adhama koTi ke sUtra ) bhI banA pazcAta anya saMhitAoM ke ullekhoM meM isakA artha vAyu ullekhA meM isakA artha vAyu sakatI haiN|

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pazu-pAkhaNDamata pavitra sUtra meM zata granthiyA~ (sarvottama) hoM, nahIM to kama do mIla para pazupatinAthajI kA mandira hai| kAThamAMDU se kama ATha / pavitra kA tAtparya hai yajJopavIta, jo kisI viSNumatI aura bAgamatI nAmaka nadiyoM ke saMgama para vastu ke dhAge yA mAlA ke dvArA nirmita ho sakatA hai| basA huA hai / pazupatinAtha bAgamatI nadI ke taTa para haiN| mahArASTra meM ise 'pomavatema' kahA jAtA hai| kucha dUra para nepAla ke rakSaka yogI machaMdaranAtha (matsyendrapazu (1)-pAzupata sampradAya meM pati, pazu aura pAza tIna nAtha) kA mandira hai| pazupatinAtha paJcamukhI zivaliMga pradhAna tattva hai| pati svayaM ziva hai, pazu jIvagaNa haiM tathA rUpa meM haiM jo bhagavAn ziva kI paJcatattva mUrtiyoM meM eka / pAza sAMsArika bandhana hai jisase prANI ba~dhA rahatA hai| mAne jAte haiM / mahiSarUpadhArI ziva kA yaha zirobhAga hai, pati (ziva) kI kRpA se pazu (manuSya) pAza (sAMsArika inakA dhar3a kedAranAthajI mAne jAte haiM / nandI kI vizAla bandhana) se mukta hotA hai / de0 'pAzupata' / mUrti pAsa meM hai / kucha dUra para guhyezvarI devI kA prasiddha (2) sabhI jIvadhArI, jinameM manuSya bhI sammilita hai| mandira hai / 51 pIThoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / zaiva, zAkta, yajJa ke upayogI pA~ca pazuoM kA prAyaH ullekha haA hai- pAzupata, tantra, bauddha Adi sabhI sampradAyoM kA yahA~ azva, gau, meSa (bheDa), aja (bakarA) tathA manuSya / atharvaveda saMgama hai| (3.10.6) tathA paravartI granthoM meM sAta gharelU pazuoM kA pazapatisUtra-pAzapata zavoM kA AdhAra grantha pazapatisUtra ullekha hai / pazuoM kA vargIkaraNa 'ubhayatodanta' evaM 'anya- athavA pAzapata zAstra mAnA jAtA hai| kintu isakI koI todanta' ke rUpa meM bhI huA hai / dUsarA aura bhI vibhAjana hai : prati kahIM upalabdha nahIM haI hai| prathama, hAtha se grahaNa karane vAle (hastAdAna)-manuSya, hAthI, pahisAnivAraNa-vaiSNava AcArya madhva ne yajJoM meM pazubandara Adi / dUsarA, muha se pakar3ane vAle (mukhaadaan)| hiMsA kA virodha kiyA thaa| durAgrahI logoM ke saMtoSArtha anya prakAra kA vibhAjana dvipAda evaM catuSpAda kA hai| inhoMne pazabali ke sthAna para 'piSTa paza' yA anna kA paza manuSya dvipAda hai jo pazuoM meM prathama hai| mu~ha se carane banAkara bali dene kA pracAra kiyaa| isameM vaiSNava dharma kA vAle pazu prAyaH catuSpAda (caupAye) hote haiN| pazuoM meM jIvadayA vAlA bhAva spaSTa dikhAI par3atA hai| eka manuSya hI zatAyu hotA hai aura vaha isIlie pazuoM pazvAcArabhAva-zakti ke upAsaka tAntrika loga tIna kA rAjA hai| bauddhika dRSTikoNa se vanaspatiyoM, pazuoM bhAvoM kA Azraya lete haiM / ve divya bhAva se devatA kA evaM manuSyoM meM bheda aitareya AraNyaka meM vizada rUpa se sAkSAtkAra honA mAnate haiM / vIra bhAva se kriyA kI siddhi nirdiSTa hai / manuSyoM ko chor3akara pazuoM ko vAyavya, AraNya hotI hai, jisameM sAdhaka sAkSAt rudra ho jAtA hai / pazu evaM grAmya tIna bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai (Rgved)| bhAva se jJAna siddhi hotI hai| inheM krama se divyAcAra, pazupati-pazupati (pazuoM ke svAmI) kA prayoga rudra ke vIrAcAra tathA pazvAcAra bhI kahate haiN| sAdhaka pazabhAva viruda ke rUpa meM ati prAcIna sAhitya meM milatA hai / se jJAna prApta karake vIra bhAva ke dvArA rudratva prApta karatA 'pazapati' pazuoM (manuSyoM) ke svAmI hai / pazu jIvadhArI hai. taba divyAcAra dvArA devatA kI taraha kriyAzIla ho haiM jo saMsAra ke pAza meM jakar3e gaye haiN| ve pazupati ko jAtA hai / ina bhAvoM kA mUla nissandeha zakti hai / kRpA se hI mukti pA sakate haiN| de0 'pAzupata' / pAkhaNDamata-padmapurANa ke pASaNDotpatti adhyAya meM likhA pazupati upapurANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM pazupati upa- hai ki logoM ko bhraSTa karane ke lie hI ziva kI duhAI dekara purANa bhI samAviSTa hai| nizcaya hI yaha zaiva upapurANa pAkhaNDiyoM ne apanA mata pracalita kiyA hai| isa purANa hai| isameM pAzupata sampradAya ke siddhAntoM aura kriyAoM kA meM jisako pAkhaNDI mata kahA gayA hai, tantra meM usI ko varNana pAyA jAtA hai| zivokta Adeza kahA gayA hai| buddha apane dvArA upadiSTa pazapatinAtha-nepAla kI rAjadhAnI kAThamAMDU meM sthita sampradAya ke atirikta anya mata vAloM ko pASaNDI athavA prasiddha zaivatIrtha / bihAra pradeza ke mujaphpharapura, raksaula pAkhaNDI kahate the| prAcIna dharmazAstra ke granthoM meM isakA hote hue nepAla sarakAra ke amalekhagaMja, bhImaphedI, thAna- artha bauddha aura jaina sampradAya hai| nyAya aura zAsana ke koTa hotA haA mArga kAThamAMDU jAtA hai| vahA~ se lagabhaga kartavya nirdezArtha jahA~ kucha vidhAna vidharmI prajAoM ke lie 50

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394 kiyA gayA hai, vahA~ unheM pAkhaNDI, pAkhaNDadharmo kahA gayA hai / isameM nindA kA bhAva nahIM, vedamArga se bhinna patha yA usakA anuyAyI hone kA artha hai / dhArmika saMkIrNatAvaza bolacAla meM apane se bhinna mata vAle ko bhI pAkhaNDI kaha diyA jAtA hai jaise ki vaiSNavoM ke mata meM tantrazAstra pAkhaNDa mata kahA gayA hai / pAJcarAtra mata - vaiSNava sampradAya kA eka rUpa / pA~ca prakAra kI jJAnabhUmi para vicArita hone ke kAraNa yaha mata pAJcarAtra kahA gayA hai : 'rAtraM ca jJAnavacanaM jJAnaM paJcavidhaM smRtam / ' isa mata ke siddhAntAnusAra sRSTi ko sada vastue~ 'puruSa, prakRti, svabhAva, karma aura deva' ina pAMca kAraNoM se utpanna hotI hai (gItA 18.14) mahAbhArata kAla taka isa mata kA vikAsa ho cukA thA / Izvara kI saguNa upAsanA karane kI paripATI ziva aura viSNu kI upAsanA se pracalita huii| phira bhI vaidika kAla meM hI yaha bAta mAnya ho gayI thI ki devatAoM meM viSNu kA eka zreSTha sthAna hai / isI AdhAra para vaiSNava dharma kA mArga dhIre-dhIre prazasta hotA gayA aura mahAbhArata kAla meM use 'pArA' mattA milii| isa mata kI vAstavika nIMva bhagavadgItA meM pratiThita hai, jisase yaha bAta sarvamAnya huI ki zrI kRSNa viSNu ke avatAra haiM / ataeva pAJcarAtra mata kI mukhya zikSA kRSNa kI bhakti hI hai / paramezvara ke rUpa meM kRSNa kI bhakti karane vAle unake samaya meM bhI the, jinameM gopiyA~ mukhya thIM / unake atirikta aura bhI bahuta se loga the / isa mata ke mUla AdhAra nArAyaNa haiM / svAyambhuva manvantara meM "sanAtana vizvAtmA se nara nArAyaNa, hari aura kRSNa cAra mUrtiyA~ utpanna huI / nara-nArAyaNa RSiyoM ne badarikAzrama meM tapa kiyaa| nArada ne vahA~ jAkara unase prazna kiyaa| isa para unhoMne nArada ko pAkharAtra dharma sunAyA / " isa dharma kA pahalA anuvAyI rAjA uparicara vasu huaa| isI ne pAJcarAtra vidhi se pahale nArAyaNa kI pUjA kI / citrazikhaNDI upanAmaka sapta RSiyoM ne vedoM kA niSkarSa nikAlakara pAJcarAtra zAstra taiyAra kiyaa| svAyambhuva manvantara ke saptarSi marIni aGgirA, atri, pulastya, pulaha, Rtu aura vasiSTha haiN| isa zAstra meM dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa cAroM kA vivecana hai| yaha grantha pahale eka , pAJcarAtramata- pANinIyadarzana lAkha zlokoM kA thA, aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai| isameM pravRtti aura nivRtti donoM mArga hai| donoM mArgoM kA yaha AdhAra stambha hai / de0 mahAbhArata zAntiparva, nA0 u0 / pAJcarAtra matAnusAra vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna aura aniruddha kA zrI kRSNa ke caritra se ati ghaniSTha sambandha hai / isI AdhAra para paJcarAtra kA caturvyUha siddhAnta gaThita huA hai| 'vyUha' kA zAbdika artha hai 'vistAra', jisake anusAra viSNu kA vistAra hotA hai / vAsudeva svayaM viSNu haiM jo parama tattva haiM / vAsudeva se saMkarSaNa ( mahattatva, prakRti), saMkarSaNa se pradyumna ( manas vizvajanIna ) pradyumna se aniruddha ( ahaMkAra, vizvajanIna AtmacetanA) aura aniruddha se brahmA (bhraSTA dRzya jagat ke) kI utpatti hotI hai| pAJcarAtra mata meM vedoM ko pUrA-pUrA mahattva to diyA hI gayA hai, sAtha hI vaidika yajJa kriyAe~ bhI isI taraha mAnya kI gayI haiN| hA~, yaza kA artha ahiMsAyukta vaiSNava yajJa hai / kahA jAtA hai ki yaha niSkAma bhakti kA mArga hai, isI se ise 'aikAntika' bhI kahate haiN| pAJcarAtrazAstra - de0 'pAJcarAtra mata' | pAJcarAtrasaMhitA Ayamika saMhitAe~ 108 kahI jAtI hai| kintu saMkhyA dUne se bhI adhika hai| inameM dharma aura AcAra kA vistRta varNana hai| inake bhI do vibhAga : pAJcarAtra aura vaikhAnasa kisI mandira meM pArA tathA kisI meM vaikhAnasa saMhitAe~ pramANa mAnI jAtI haiM / pANini - saMskRta bhASA ke vizvavikhyAta vyAkaraNa granthanirmAtA / ukta grantha ATha adhyAyoM meM hone ke kAraNa aSTAdhyAyI kahA jAtA hai, ATha adhyAyoM ke cAra-cAra ke hisAba se battIsa pAda haiM / isa grantha para kAtyAyana, patajali, vyADi Adi AcAyoM kI vyAkhyAeM hai| pANini kA nivAsa sthAna takSazilA ke pAsa zalAtura grAma thA / inake sthitikAla ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM kA mataikya nahIM hai / vibhinna itihAsakAra inakA samaya dazavIM zatI aura cauthI zatI I0 pU0 ke bIca kahIM rakhate haiN| pANinIyadarzana - mAdhavAcAryakRta 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' meM Astika SaDdarzanoM ke sAtha cArvAka, bauddha, Arhata, pAzupata, zaiva, pUrNapraza, rAmAnuja, pANinIya aura pratyabhijJA ina nI darzanoM kA paricayAtmaka ullekha hai / parantu pANinIya, --

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pANDukezvara-pAraskaragRhyasUtra 395 darzana kA koI maulika grantha upalabdha nahIM hotaa| rSaNa, pradyumna tathA aniruddha ke caraNa dhoye jAte haiN| kalazoM saMbhavataH jisa prakAra mImAMsA (vivecana) ko dArzanika rUpa meM kUpa, nirjhara, sarovara aura saritA kA jala bharA jAnA milA usI prakAra vyAkaraNa kI paddhati ko bhI darzana kA cAhie / isa dhArmika kRtya se durbhAgya, dAridraya, vighnarUpa milA hogaa| kintu darzana ke rUpa meM vyAkaraNa utanA bAdhAe~, roga-zoka dUra hote haiM tathA yaza evaM santAnAdi vikasita nahIM haA jitanI mImAMsA / kI prApti hotI hai| pANDukezvara-badarInAthadhAma kSetra meM dhyAnavadarI se do mIla pApanAzinI saptamI-zukla pakSa kI saptamI tiSya (puSya) dUra sthita eka zivamandira / kahA jAtA hai ki yaha mUrti nakSatra meM par3e to vaha bar3I pavitra hotI hai| usa dina sUryamahArAja pANDu dvArA sthApita kI gayI thii| pANDu kuntI pUjana karanA caahie| vratI samasta pApoM se mukta hokara aura mAdrI apanI donoM rAniyoM ke sAtha yahA~ tapasyA devaloka ko prasthAna karatA hai| hemAdri ke anusAra yaha karate the / yahIM pANDavoM kA janma huA thaa| yoga zrAvaNa kRSNapakSa meM par3atA hai| pAtaJjala yoga-aSTAGga yoga hI pAtaJjala yoga kahalAtA pApanAzinI ekAdazo-phAlguna mAsa meM jaba bRhaspativAra hai| isake ATha aGga hai-(1) yama (2) niyama (3) ho tathA sUrya kumbha athavA mIna rAzi para sthita ho, tathA Asana (4) prANAyAma (5) pratyAhAra (6) dhAraNA ekAdazI puSya nakSatra se yukta ho to vaha pApanAzino (7) dhyAna aura (8) samAdhi / isI kA nAma rAjayoga kahalAtI hai| hai| isameM vizleSaNa aura dhyAna dvArA cittavRttiyoM pApamocanavrata-aisA vizvAsa hai ki koI vyakti bilva vRkSa kA viSayoM se nirodha kiyA jAtA hai| isI AdhAra para ke nIce bAraha dina taka nirAhAra baiThA rahe to vaha bhrUNaAge calakara kaI yoga-mArgoM haThayoga, layayoga Adi kA hatyA ke pApa se mukta ho jAtA hai / isake ziva devatA haiN| pravartana huaa| de0 'yogdrshn'| pAramArthika-zaGkarAcArya ke anusAra sattA ke cAra bheda hai : pAtAlavrata-yaha caitra kRSNa pratipadA ko Arambha hotA hai| (1) mithyA athavA alIka, jisake lie kevala zabda eka varSa taka isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM sapta pAtAloM athavA pada kA prayoga mAtra hotA hai, kintu usake samakakSa (nimna lokoM) ke kramazaH nAma lete hae eka ke pazcAt padArtha nahIM hai, jaise AkAzakusuma, zazaviSANa, vandhyAputra dUsare kI pUjA karanI caahie| rAta meM bhojana karane kA Adi / (2) prAtibhASika, jo bhrama ke kAraNa dUsare ke vidhAna hai| varSa ke anta meM ghara meM dIpa prajvalita karake sadRza dikhAI par3ane vAle padArthoM meM Aropita hai, kintu zveta vastroM kA dAna karanA caahie| vAstavika nahIM, jaise rajjusarpa, zuktirajata Adi / (3) pAdukAsahasra-vedAntAcArya veGkaTanAtha racita eka prArthanA / vyAvahArika, jo saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM meM Thosa rUpa se grantha, jisameM eka hajAra padya hai| kAma meM AtI hai kintu tAttvika dRSTi se antima vizlepAdodaka-liGgAyatoM ke guru ( dIkSAgaru ) jaba unake ghara SaNa meM vAstavika nahIM ThaharatI hai, dhana-sampatti, putra-kalatra, Ate haiM taba pAdodaka nAmaka utsava hotA hai| isameM guru samAja, rAjya, vyApAra Adi / (4) pAramArthika, jo ke pAda (caraNa) dhone kI kriyA hotI hai / kuTumba ke sabhI prathama tIna se pare, AtmA athavA vastusattA se sambandha logoM, mitra, parivAra vAloM ke sAtha dhara kA pramukha vyakti rakhane vAlI, aikAntika evaM anirvacanIya hai| vAstava meM guru ke caraNoM kI SoDazopacArapUrvaka pUjA karatA hai| phira yahI advaita sattA hai| caraNodaka kA pAna, sira para abhiSiJcana tathA ghara meM pAraskaragRhyasUtra-mukhya teraha gRhyasUtroM meM pAraskara gRhyasUtra chir3akAva hotA hai / dUsare dhArmika sampradAyoM meM bhI nyUnA- (apara nAma kAtIya gRhyasUtra) kI gaNanA hai| yaha yajurvedhika mAtrA meM caraNodaka kA mahattva hai / dIya gRhyasUtra hai| tIna kANDoM meM isakA vibhAjana haA hai| pAdodakasnAna-isa vrata kA anuSThAna uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM gRhyasaMskAroM, vastusaMskAroM tathA RtuyajJoM kA vistRta hotA hai| isameM upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| zravaNa varNana isameM pAyA jAtA hai / kAzI saMskRta sIrIja meM kaI nakSatra meM bhagavAn hari ke caraNoM kA snAna karAne ke bAda bhASyoM ke sAtha isakA prakAzana huA hai, isake pramukha bhASya rajata, tAmna athavA mRttikA ke cAra kalazoM meM bhagavAn saMka- hai--amRta vyAkhyA (le0 nanda paNDita), arthabhAskara (le0 ,

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pArAvata-pAzapata bhAskara), prakAza (le0 veda mizra), saMskAragaNapati (le0 rAmakRSNa), sajjanavallabhA (le0 jayarAma), bhASya (le0 karka), bhASya (le0 gadAdhara), bhASya (le0 harihara), bhASya (le0 vizvanAtha), bhASya (le0 vAsudeva diikssit)| pArAvata-yajurvedavaNita azvamedha ke balipazuoM ko tAlikA meM pArAvata (eka prakAra ke kabUtara) kA nAmo llekha hai| pArAzara-parAzara se pravartita gotra / parAzara kI gaNanA gotraRSiyoM meM kI gayI hai| mahAbhAratakAra vyAsa bhI pArAzara haiM kyoMki unake pitA kA nAma parAzara thaa| de0 'pArAzarasmRti' / pArAzara upapurANa-untIsa prasiddha upapurANoM meM se pArA zara upapurANa bhI eka hai| pArAzara(dvaipAyana)hrada-hariyAnA pradezavartI yaha tIrthasthAna bahalolapura grAma ke samIpa, karanAla se kaithala jAnevAlI sar3aka se lagabhaga chaH mIla uttara hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mahAbhAratayuddha ke maidAna se bhAgakara duryodhana isI sarovara meM chipa gayA thaa| yaha bhI kahA jAtA hai ki maharSi parAzara kA Azrama yahIM thA / phAlguna zukla ekAdazI ko yahA~ bar3A melA hotA hai| pAriplava-pAriplava zabda AkhyAna ke lie vyavahRta huA hai, jisakA azvamedha yajJa ke avasara para pATha kiyA jAtA thA tathA jo varSabhara nizcita kAla ke pazcAt duharAyA jAtA thaa| yaha zatapatha brAhmaNa (13.14,3,2-15) tathA zrautasUtroM meM varNita hai| pArthasArathi mizra-mImAMsA darzana ke kumArila bhaTrakRta zlokavArtika kI TIkA 'nyAyaratnAkara' kI racanA pArthasArathi mizra ne kI hai| pUrva mImAMsA ke granthakAroM meM inakA sthAna bar3A sammAnanIya hai| inakA sthitikAla lagabhaga 1357 vi0 hai| inakA 'zAstradIpikA' Adhunika zailI para prastuta karmamImAMsA kA grantha hai, jisakA adhyayana prAcIna granthoM kI apekSA adhika huA hai| 'zAstradIpikA' jaimini ke pUrvamImAMsAsUtra kI TokA hai / inakI anya TIkAoM meM 'tantraratna', 'nyAyaratnamAlA' Adi prasiddha hai| pArvata-zaGkara ke praziSyoM meM, jo dasanAmI saMnyAsI ke nAma se vikhyAta hue, parvata bhI eka the| inakI ziSyaparamparA pArvata khlaayii| de0 'dasanAmI' / pAlocaturdazIvrata-bhAdra pada zukla caturdazI kA vrata hai| yaha tithivrata hai, varuNa isake devatA hai| eka maNDala meM varuNa kI AkRti khIMcI jAya, samasta vargoM ke loga tathA mahilAe~ arghya deM, phala-phUla, samasta dhAnya tathA dadhi se madhyAhna kAla meM pUjana ho| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI samasta pApoM se mukta hokara saubhAgya prApta karatA hai| pAza-(1) pAzupata zaiva darzana meM tIna tattva pramukha haipati, pazu aura pAza / pati svayaM ziva haiM, pazu unake dvArA utpanna kiye hue prANI haiM tathA pAza vaha bandhana hai jisase jIva (pazu) sAMsArikatA meM ba~dhA huA hai / (2) Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya meM isakA artha rassI hai, jise bA~dhane yA kasane ke kAma meM lAyA jAtA hai| rassI tathA granthi kA ullekha eka sAtha atharvaveda (9.3,2) meM AyA hai / pAza kA ullekha zata0 vA0 meM manu kI nAva se ba~dhane vAlI rassI ke lie huA hai| vaidika mantroM meM ise varuNapAza kahA gayA hai| pAzupata-pAzupata sampradAya zaiva dharma kI eka zAkhA hai| sampUrNa jaiva jagat ke svAmI ke rUpa meM ziva kI kalpanA isakI vizeSatA hai| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki saguNa upAsanA kA naiva rUpa adhika prAcIna hai athavA vaiSNava / viSNu evaM rudra donoM vaidika devatA haiN| parantu dazopaniSadoM meM paravA kA tAdAtmya viSNu ke sAtha dikhAI par3atA hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM yaha tAdAtmya zaGkara ke sAtha pAyA jAtA hai| bhagavadgItA meM bhI "rudrANAM zaGkarazcAsmi' vacana hai| yaha nirvivAda hai ki vedoM se hI paramezvara ke rUpa meM zaGkara kI upAsanA prArambha huii| yajurveda meM rudra kI vizeSa stuti hai| yaha yajJasambandhI veda hai aura yaha mAnyatA hai ki kSatriyoM meM isa veda kA Adara vizeSa hai| dhanurveda yajurveda kA upAGga hai| zvetAzvatara upaniSad kRSNa yajurveda kI hai| arthAt yaha spaSTa hai ki kSatriyoM meM yajurveda aura zaGkara kI vizeSa upAsanA pracalita hai| isake atirikta yaha bhI dhyAna dene yogya hai ki kSatriya yuddhAdi kaThora karma kiyA karate the, isa kAraNa unameM zaGkara kI bhakti rUr3ha ho gyii| mahAbhArata kAla meM pAJcarAtra ke samAna tattvajJAna meM bhI pAzupata mata ko pramukha sthAna mila gyaa| pAzupata tattvajJAna zAntiparva ke 249veM adhyAya meM varNita hai| mahAbhArata meM viSNu kI stuti ke vAda bahudhA

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pAzupata brahmopaniSad pAzupatavrata zIghra hI zahara kI stuti AtI hai| isa niyama ke anu sAra nArAyaNIya upAkhyAna ke samAna pAzupata mata kA savistara varNana mahAbhArata, zAntiparva ke 280 veM adhyAya meM AyA hai / 284veM adhyAya meM viSNu stuti ke pazcAt dakSa dvArA zaGkara kI stuti kI gayI hai| isa samaya zaGkara ne dakSa ko 'pAzupatavrata' batalAyA hai| isa varNana se pAzupata mata kI kalpanA kI gayI hai| isa mata meM pazupati saba devoM meM mukhya haiM / ve hI sArI sRSTi ke utpattikartA haiM / pazu kA artha samasta sRSTi hai, arthAt brahmA se sthAvara taka saba padArtha unakI saguNa bhakti karane vAloM meM kArtikeya svAmI, pArvatI aura nandIzvara bhI sammilita kiye jAte haiM / zaGkara aSTamUrti hai, unakI mUrtiyA~ haiM- mahAbhUta, sUrya, candra aura puruSa / anuzAsana parva meM upamanyucaritra ke sAtha isa mata ke vikAsa kA ghor3A AkhyAna dRSTigocara hotA hai / pAzupata tathA pAJcarAtra mata meM ati sAmIpya hai| donoM ke mukhya dArzanika AdhAra sAMkhya tathA yoga darzana haiN| zaiva dharma ke sambandha meM eka bAta aura dhyAna dene yogya hai ki pAzupata granthoM meM liGga ko ati arcanIya batalAyA gayA hai| Aja bhI saMliGgapUjaka hai| isakA pracalana kaba se hai, yaha vivAdAspada hai / purAtattvajJoM ke vicAra se yaha IsA ke pUrva se calA A rahA hai| Rgveda ke ziznadeva zabda se isake pracAra kI zalaka milatI hai| saMbhavataH bhArata ke AdivAsiyoM meM pracalita dharma se isakA prArambha mAnA jA sakatA hai / hinduoM dvArA liGgArcana mUrtiyoM aura mandiroM meM pahale se hI pravartita thA, kintu brAhmaNoM dvArA ise I0 san ke bAda mAnyatA prApta huI / pAzupata mata ke gaThana ke samaya taka liGgapUjA ko mAnyatA mila cukI thI atharvaziram upaniSad meM pAzupata mata kA vivaraNa hai / tathA yaha mahAbhArata meM varNita pAzupata prakaraNa kA sama kAlIna hI hai / rudra pazupati ko isameM sabhI padArthoM kA prathama tattva batAyA gayA hai tathA ve hI antima lakSya haiN| yahA~ para pati, pazu aura pAza tInoM kA ullekha hai tathA 'om' ke uccAraNa ke sAtha yoga sAdhanA ko zreSTha batAyA gayA hai / isI samaya kI tIna aura pAzupata upaniSadeM haiM - atharvaziras, nIlarudra tathA kaivalya / pAzupata sampradAya ke siddhAnta saMkSepa meM isa prakAra haiM- jIva kI saMjJA 'pazu' hai, arthAt jo kevala jaiva stara para indriyabhogoM meM lipta rahatA hai vaha pazu hai| bhagavAn ziva pazupati haiM / unhoMne binA kisI bAharI kAraNa, sAdhana athavA sahAyatA ke isa saMsAra kA nirmANa kiyA hai| ve jagat ke svatantra karttA haiN| hamAre kAryoM ke bhI mUla karttA ziva hI haiM / ve samasta kAryoM ke kAraNa haiM / saMsAra ke mala- viSaya Adi pAza haiM jinase jIva ba~dhA rahatA hai| isa pAza athavA bandhana se mukti ziva kI kRpA se prApta hotI hai / mukti do prakAra kI hai; saba dukhoM kI Atyantika nivRtti aura paramaizvarya kI prApti dvitIya bhI do prakAra kI hai - zaktiprApti aura kriyA-zaktiprApti dRzakti se sarvajJatA prApta hotI hai, kriyAzakti se vAMchita padArtha turaMta prApta hote haiN| ina donoM zaktiyoM kI prApti hI paramezvarya hai / kevala bhagavaddAsatva kI prApti mukti nahIM bandhana hai / pAzupata darzana meM pratyakSa, anumAna aura Agama tIna pramANa mAne jAte haiM / dharmArthasAdhaka vyApAra ko vidhi kahate haiM / vidhi do prakAra kI hotI hai--vrata aura dvAra / bhasmasnAna, bhasmazayana, japa, pradakSiNA, upavAsa Adi vrata haiN| ziva kA nAma lekara hahAkara ha~sanA, gAla bajAnA, gAnA, nAcanA, japa karanA Adi upahAra haiM / vrata ekAnta meM karanA cAhie / 'dvAra' ke antargata krAthana ( jagate hue bhI gAyanamudrA), spandana (vAyu ke jhoMke ke sadRza hilanA ), mandana ( unmattavat vyavahAra karanA) zrRMgAraNa ( kAmArta na hote hue bhI kAmAtura ke sadRza vyavahAra karanA), avitkaraNa (avikiyoM kI taraha niSiddha vyavahAra karanA) aura avidbhASaNa ( arthahIna aura vyAhata zabdoM kA uccAraNa), ye chaH kriyAe~ sammilita haiM / pAzupata brahmopaniSad - yaha paravartI upaniSad hai / pAzupatamata de0 'pAzupata' / pAzupatavrata -- ( 1 ) yaha vrata caitra mAsa meM Arambha hotA hai / eka choTA zivaliGga banAkara use candanamizrita jala se snAna karAyA jAtA hai / eka suvarNakamala ke Upara zivaliGga sthApita kiyA jAtA hai| tadanantara bilva patroM, kamalapuSpoM (zveta rakta nola) evaM anyAnya upacAroM se pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha vrata caitra mAsa meM prArambha hokara prati mAsa Ayojita hotA hai| vaizAkha mAsa se prati mAsa kramazaH hIraka, pannA, motI, nIlama, mANikya, gomeda, mUMgA, sUryakAnta tathA sphaTika maNi se liGgoM kA nirmANa honA cAhie varSa ke anta meM eka gau kA dAna 397 1

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398 pAzupatazAstra-pitA tathA eka sA~r3a kA utsarga vihita hai| yadi vratI nirdhana varNita azvamedha ke balipazuoM kI tAlikA meM ullihai to eka hI mAsa isa vrata kA AcaraNa honA caahie| khita hai| aneka mantra par3he jAte haiM jo "sa me pApaM vyapohatu" se piGgala-kAtyAyana praNIta sarvAnukramaNikA ke pazcAt chanda- . samApta hote haiN| ye mantra zivajI ke nAnA rUpoM tathA zAstra ke sabase prAcIna nirmAtA maharSi piGgala hae haiN| skandAdi aneka devatAoM ko sambodhita haiM / de0 hemAdri, paramparA ke anusAra inhoMne 1 karoDa 6 lAkha 77 hajAra 2.197-212 (liGgapurANa se)| 2 sau 16 prakAra ke varNavRttoM kA praNayana kiyA / yaha (2) caitra mAsa kI pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA anuSTAna atiraJjanA hai| isakA tAtparya kevala yaha hai ki chandoM kI honA cAhie / trayodazI ko hI eka suyogya AcArya ko saMkhyA agaNita ho sakatI hai| sammAnita karate hue jIvanaparyanta pAzupata vrata karane kA / piGgalAtantra-'AgamatatvavilAsa' meM jina tantroM kA nAmosaMkalpa kiyA jAtA hai, athavA 12 varSa, 6 varSa, tIna varSa, llekha hai, unameM piGgalAtantra bhI hai / piNDa--(1) pitaroM ko diyA jAnevAlA ATe yA bhAta eka varSa, eka mAsa athavA kevala 12 dina taka isa vrata ko karane kA saMkalpa liyA jAtA hai| ghI tathA samidhAoM kA golA, jo vizeSa kara amAvasyA ko diyA jAtA hai se havana tathA caturdazI ko upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| aura jisakA ullekha nirukta ( 3.4 ) tathA lATyAyana pUrNimA ko havana, tadanantara nimnalikhita mantra bolate zrautrasUtra ( 2.10,4 ) meM huA hai| piNDadAna zrAddha kA hue zarIra para bhasma kA lepa kiyA jAtA hai / mantra hai vizeSa aGga hai| 'agniriti bhasma' ityAdi / (2) jIvoM ke zarIra ko bhI piNDa kahate haiN| yaha vizva kA eka laghu rUpa hai, isalie kahA jAtA hai ki jo (3) kRSNa pakSa kI dvAdazo se vratI ko ekabhakta piNDa meM hai, vahI brahmANDa meM bhii| paddhati se AhAra karanA cAhie, trayodazI ko ayAcita piNDapitRyajJa-pitaroM ke nimitta do yajJa kiye jAte haiM; paddhati se, caturdazI ko nakka tathA amAvasyA ko upavAsa / prathama piNDapitRyajJa tathA dUsarA zrAddha / pahalA yajJa amAvasa amAvasyA ke bAda vAlI pratipadA ko suvarNa kA sA~r3a ko kiyA jAtA hai tathA usameM cAvala ( bhAta ) kA piNDa banavAkara dAna denA caahie| de0 hemAdri, 2.455 ( golaka ) pitaroM ko samarpita kiyA jAtA hai| 457 (vahnipurANa se) / piNDopaniSada-yaha paravartI upaniSad hai / pAzupata zAstra--pAzupata zaivoM kA mukhya dhArmika grantha pitAmaha-vedAGga jyotiSa para tIna grantha prasiddha hai-prathama 'pAzupatasutra' athavA 'pAzupatazAstra' hai| isa grantha kI koI prati upalabdha nahIM hai| RgjyotiSa, dUsarA yajuryotiSa tathA tIsarA atharvajyotiSa / antima ke lekhaka pitAmaha haiN| varAhamihiraracita paJcapAzupata zeva-de0 'pAzupata' / siddhAntikA meM eka siddhAnta paitAmaha nAma se bhI diyA pAzupatasiddhAnta-pAzupata evaM gaiva siddhAnta donoM samAna hI huA hai| haiM / de0 'pAzupata' / mahAbhArata ke prasiddha pAtra bhISma ko bhI pitAmaha kahate pASANacaturdazI-zukla pakSa kI caturdazI ko, jaba sUrya hai / kyoMki ve kaurava-pANDavoM ke pitAoM ke sammAnita vRzcika rAzi para ho, ATe kA pASANa ke samAna Dhera pitAtulya the| banAkara gaurI kI ArAdhanA karanI caahie| sandhyo- pitA-Rgveda tathA paravartI sAhitya meM yaha zabda ( utpanna parAnta bhojana kA vidhAna hai| karane vAlA ) kI apekSA zizu ke rakSaka ke artha meM adhika pASya-Rgveda ke eka sandarbha ( 1.56,6) meM vRtra kI vyavahRta huA hai / Rgveda meM yaha dayAlu evaM bhale arthoM meM hAra ke varNana meM yaha zabda uddhRta hai / dUsare sandarbha ( 9. prayukta huA hai / ataeva agni kI tulanA pitA se ( R0 102,2 ) meM somalatA ko perane vAle pattharoM ko pASya 10.7,3 ) kI gayI hai| pitA apanI goda meM le jAtA hai kahA gayA hai| (1.38,1 ) tathA agni kI goda meM rakhatA hai ( 5.4. pika-bhAratIya pika ( kokila ) yajurveda saMhitA meM 3,7 ) / ziza pitA ke vastroM ko khIMcakara usakA dhyAna

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pitRpakSa-pipItakadvAdazI 399 AkarSita karatA hai, usakA AnandapUrvaka svAgata karatA pitRpakSa-Azvina kRSNa pakSa kA nAma / isameM pandraha dinoM hai (7.103.3 ) / taka pitaroM ko piNDadAna kiyA jAtA hai| eka prakAra kA yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki kisa sImA taka putra pitA kI yaha pUrvapuruSoM kA sAmUhika zrAddha hai| isa pakSa meM jJAtaadhInatA meM rahatA thA evaM yaha adhInatA kaba taka rahatI thii| ajJAta sabhI pitaroM kA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| pUrvajoM Rgveda ( 2.29.5 ) meM AyA hai ki eka patra ko usake kI smRti sajIva rakhane kA yaha eka dhArmika sAdhana hai| pitA ne jaA khelane ke kAraNa bahata tiraskRta kiyA tathA pitRbhUti-kAtyAyana zrautasUtra ke aneka bhASyakAra evaM RjrAzva ko (R0 1.116,16,117,17) usake pitA vRttikAroM meM vizeSa ullekhanIya pitabhati bhI hai| ne aMdhA kara diyaa| putra ke Upara pitA ke aniyantrita pitRmedhasUtra-yaha gRhyasUtra hai jo gautama dvArA racita batalAyA adhikAra kA yaha dyotaka hai / parantu aisI ghaTanAe~ krodhAveza jAtA hai| isake TIkAkAra anantajJAna kahate haiM ki ye meM apavAda rUpa se hI hotI thiiN| gautama nyAyasUtra ke racayitA maharSi gautama hI haiM / isake atirikta gautama kA eka aura dharmasUtra hai / usakA nAma bhI isa bAta kA bhI paryApta pramANa nahIM hai ki putra bar3A gautamadharmasUtra hai| hokara pitA ke sAtha rahatA thA athavA nahIM; usakI strI / pitayAna-Rgveda tathA paravartI granthoM meM pitayAna usake pitA ke ghara kI sadasyatA prApta karatI thI athavA (pitaroM ke mArga ) kA 'devayAna' se bheda prakaTa hotA hai| nahIM; vaha pitA ke sAtha rahatA thA yA apanA alaga ghara tilaka ke matAnusAra devayAna uttarAyaNa tathA pityAna banAtA thaa| vRddhAvasthA meM pitA prAyaH putroM ko sampatti dakSiNAyana se sambandhita hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa ke eka parikA vibhAjana kara detA thA tathA zvazura putravadhU ke adhIna ccheda ( 2.1.3,1-3) se ve yaha niSkarSa nikAlate haiN| ho jAtA thaa| zatapathabrAhmaNa meM zanaHzepa kI kathA se vasanta, grISma evaM varSA pitaroM kI Rtu hai / devayAna kA pitA kI niSTaratA kA udAharaNa bhI prApta hotA hai| prArambha vasanta se tathA pitRyAna kA prArambha varSA se hotA upaniSadoM meM pitA se putra ko AdhyAtmika jJAna prApta hai / isake sAtha ve deva tathA yama nakSatra (taittirIya saM0,15, karane para jora DAlA gayA hai| 2,6 ) kA sambandha jor3ate haiN| prakRta putroM ke abhAva meM dattaka putra ko goda lene kI marane ke anantara preta apane karmoM ke anusAra ina do prathA thii| svAbhAvika putroM ke rahate hue bhI acche vyaktitva mArgoM meM se kisI eka se paraloka ko prasthAna karatA hai| vAle bAlakoM ko goda lene kI prathA thii| vizvAmitra sAmAnya laukika karma karane vAle pilyAna se jAte hai / yajJa dvArA zunaHzepa kA grahaNa kiyA jAnA isakA udAharaNa tathA anya niSkAma karma karane vAle devayAna se jAte hai / hai / sAtha hI isa udAharaNa se isa bAta para bhI prakAza pitRvrata-(1) eka varSa taka prati amAvasyA ko isa vrata par3atA hai ki eka varNa ke loga anya varNa ke bAlakoM ko kA anuSThAna hotA hai / vratI kevala dugdhAhAra karatA hai / bhI grahaNa kara lete the| isa udAharaNa meM vizvAmitra kA varSa ke anta meM zrAddha karake vastra, jalapUrNa kalaza tathA kSatriya tathA zunaHzepa kA brAhmaNa honA ise prakaTa karatA gau dAna meM dI jAtI hai / isa vrata se sau pIr3hiyA~ tara gau dAna meM dI jAtI hai / ma ta hai| goda liye gaye putra ko sAdhAraNataH U~cA sammAnita jAtI haiM aura vratI viSNu loka ko prApta karatA hai| sthAna prApta nahIM thaa| putra ke abhAva meM putrI ke putra ko (2) caitra kRSNa pratipad se sAta dinoM taka sAta pitabhI goda liyA jAtA thA tathA usa putrI ko putrikA kahate gaNoM kI pUjA karanI cAhie, jo agniSvAtta, bahirSada the| ataeva aisI lar3akiyoM ke vivAha meM kaThinAI hotI thI ityAdi nAmoM se prasiddha haiM / eka varSa athavA bAraha varSa jisakA bhAI nahIM hotA thA, kyoMki aisA bAlaka apane taka isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| pitA ke kUla kA na hokara nAnA ke kula kA ho jAtA thaa| pipItakadvAdazI-vaizAkha zukla kI dvAdazI ko pipItaka parivAra meM mAtA va pitA meM pitA kA sthAna prathama dvAdazI kahate haiM / isa tithi ko zItala jala se bhagavAna thaa| donoM ko yukta kara 'pitarau' arthAt pitA aura mAtA kezava kI pratimA ko snAna karAkara gandhAkSata, puSpAdi yaugika zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| upacAroM se pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| prathama varSa cAra jala

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pippalAda-pITha pUrNa kalazoM kA dAna, dvitIya varSa ATha kalazoM kA dAna, tathA pahAr3oM kI coTiyoM para bali pradAna kI jAtI hai| tRtIya varSa bAraha kalazoM kA aura caturtha varSa solaha de0 nIlamata purANa, 55-56, zloka 674-681 / kalazoM kA dAna vihita hai| suvarNa kI dakSiNA denI pizAcamocana--(1) mArgazIrSa zukla caturdazI ko yaha vrata caahie| isa dvAdazI kA pipItaka nAma isalie hai ki kiyA jAtA hai| kAzI meM kapardIzvara ziva ke pAsa kuNDaisI nAma ke brAhmaNa dvArA yaha pracArita huI / de0 vratakAla- snAna tathA unakA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| vahIM bhojana viveka, 19-20; varSakRtyakaumudI, 252-258 / vitaraNa kA vidhAna hai| prati varSa isa vrata kA anuSThAna pippalAda-pippalAda (pIpala ke phala khAne vAle ) nAmaka hotA hai| vratI pizAca hone kI sthiti se mukta ho AcArya kA ullekha praznopaniSad meM huA hai / ye atharvaveda jAtA hai| kI zAkhA 'paippalAda' ke pravartaka the| (2) smRtikaustubha (108) ke anusAra isa dina gaGgA pippalAvazAkhA-atharvaveda nau zAkhAoM meM vibhakta hai, meM snAna karake brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA cAhie, java jinameM eka zAkhA 'paippalAda' hai| isa zAkhA kI mUla ki caturdazI maMgalavAra ko pdd'e| vratI isase pizAcayoni saMhitA kI eka mAtra pratilipi kucha kAla pUrva taka meM par3ane se mukta ho jAtA hai| bhArata meM bacI thI aura vaha kazmIra meM thI, jahA~ se eka kAzI meM pizAcamocana nAmaka tIrtha prasiddha hai| bhrAnta ghaTanAvaza vaha jarmanI pahu~ca gyii| aba ukta prati- piSTAzana vrata-isa vrata meM prati navamI ko kevala ATe kA lipi ke AdhAra para yaha saMhitA bhArata meM mudrita ho AhAra kiyA jAtA hai| mahAnavamI ko isakA prArambha gayI hai| kevala isake prathama pRSTha kA pATha saMdigdha hai, hotA hai / nau varSa taka yaha calatA hai| gaurI isakI devI kyoMki ukta prati me vaha khaMDita ho gayA hai| haiM / isase samasta manovAJchAoM kI pUrti hotI hai| pipa-Rgveda ke anusAra indra kA eka zatru / yaha indra dvArA pITha-(1) kisI dhArmika kriyA ke mukhya AdhArasthAna ko bAra-bAra harAyA gayA thaa| puroM (durgI) kA svAmI hone pITha kahate haiM / kulAlikatantra meM pA~ca vedoM, pA~ca yogiyoM ke kAraNa use dAsa tathA asura kahA gayA hai / isa nAma aura pA~ca pIThoM kA ullekha hai| utkala meM 'uDDiyAna', kA artha 'virodhaka' (virodha karane vAlA) hai / jAlandhara meM 'jAla', mahArASTra meM 'pUrNa', zrIzaila para pizaGga-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (25.15,3) meM ullikhita nAga- 'pataGga' aura asama meM 'kAmAkhyA', ye pA~ca hI zAnoM yajJa ke do unnetA purohitoM meM se eka kA nAma ke Adi pITha haiN| bAda meM jo 51 pITha ho gaye, unake pizaGga hai| hote hue bhI ye pA~ca mukhya mAne jAte haiN| pizAca-atharvaveda tathA paravartI granthoM meM uddhRta asuroM meM (2) prANizarIra ke andara pA~ca koSa hote haiM, jinameM se eka varga kA nAma pizAca hai / tainirIya saMhitA (2.4, annamaya koSa sthalakoSa kahA jAtA hai| zeSa prANamaya, 1,1) meM unakA sambandha rAkSasoM aura asuroM se batAyA manomaya, vijJAnamaya aura Anandamaya ye caturvidha sUkSma gayA hai tathA donoM ko manuSyoM evaM pitaroM kA virodhI kahA koSa hai / inameM annamaya koSa eka prakAra kA saMyojaka gayA hai| atharvaveda (5,25,9) meM unheM kravyAda (kaccA koSa hai, jo sthUla aura sUkSma koSoM ke madhya kar3I kA kAma mAMsa bhakSaNa karane vAlA) kahA gayA hai| sambhavataH ye karatA hai| Anandamaya koSa se samasta daivI lokoM kA mAnavoM ke zatra the tathA apane utsavoM para naramAMsa bhakSaNa sambandha rahatA hai| isI prakAra sthUla annamaya koSa karate the| uttara vaidikakAla meM eka 'pizAcaveda' athavA (zarIroM) se jaba devatAoM kA sambandha sthApita hotA hai, pizAcavidyA' kA bhI pracalana thaa| taba annamaya koSoM yA zarIroM meM unakI sthiti ke lie pizAcacaturdazI-caitra kRSNa cturdshii| isameM bhagavAn zaGkara AdhAra nirmita ho jAtA hai / use pITha kahate haiN| yaha kA pUjana tathA rAtri meM utsava karane kA vidhAna hai| prANamaya hotA hai| nikumbha nAmaka rAkSasa isI dina bhagavAn zaGkara kI pUjA prANa kI AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa do zaktiyA~ haiN| karatA hai ataeva isa dina nikumbha kA bhI sammAna kiyA AkarSaNa zakti apanI ora khIMcatI hai evaM vikarSaNa jAtA hai tathA pizAcoM ko gozAlAoM, nadiyoM, sar3akoM zakti isake viparIta kArya karatI hai| donoM zaktiyA~

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pIThApuram-pusavana 401 brahmANDa ke pratyeka piNDa meM vidyamAna rahatI haiN| inhIM isI siddhAnta ke AdhAra para vizAla bhUbhAga para AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa ke prabhAva se samasta graha-upagraha aneka tIrtha evaM pITha sthAnoM kA AvirbhAva mAnA gayA apane apane sthAnoM para niyamita rahakara kAryanirata hai| isI prakAra ke daiva pITha kI sahAyatA se saMsAra meM rahate haiN| inhIM zaktiyoM ke samAna rUpa se sthita hone samasta devI kArya sampAdita hote haiM / para unakA jo Avarta yA cakra banatA hai, use pITha (3) prAcIna vaidika uddharaNoM meM pITha zabda svatantra rUpa kahate haiN| se vyavahRta nahIM huA hai, kintu yaugika 'pIThasI' vizejisa prakAra manuSya ko sthira rahane ke lie kisI SaNa ke rUpa meM milatA hai / vAjasaneyI saMhitA (30.21) sthUla AdhAra kI AvazyakatA hotI hai, usI prakAra sUkSma tathA taittirIya brAhmaNa (3.4,17,1) meM puruSamedha ke Anandamaya koSa se sambandhita devatAoM ke lie bhI sakSama havanIya padArthoM meM isakA bhI ullekha hai| AdhAra pIThasthala Avazyaka hotA hai aura vaha AdhAra pIThApuram-Andhra pradeza kA prasiddha tIrtha sthAna / yaha yaha pITha hI hai| 'pAdagayA kSetra' hai| pA~ca pradhAna pitatIrtha mAne jAte isa prakAra mana aura mantrAdi dvArA AkarSaNa-vikarSaNA- haiM-1. gayA (gayAzirakSetra) 2. yAjapura-vaitaraNI (ur3IsA tmaka prANazakti kI sahAyatA se solaha prakAra ke divya meM nAbhigayAkSetra) 3. pIThApuram (pAdagayAkSetra) 4. siddhasthAnoM meM pITha kI sthApanA kara abhISTa devatAoM kA pura ( gujarAta meM mAtRgayAkSetra) 5. badarInAtha (brahmaAvAhana kiyA jAtA hai| pITha sthala jitanA pavitra aura kapAlI) / balasampanna hogA utane hI pavitra aura baliSTha devatAoM pIThApuram meM adhikAMza yAtrI piNDadAna karane Ate kA usa para AvAhana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isI prakAra hai / yahA~ kukkuTezvara zivamandira hai / bAhara madhu svAmI mati meM bhI jaba taka pITha kI sthiti rahatI hai, tabhI taka kA mandira hai| pAsa meM mAdhavatIrtha nAmaka sarovara hai| usa mUrti dvArA daivI kalAe~ aura camatkAra prakAza meM Ate pIpA-vaiSNavAcArya svAmI rAmAnanda ke ziSyamaMDala ke hai / pITha ko eka udAharaNa dvArA bhI jJAta kiyA jA pramukha vyakti / inakA janma eka rAjakula meM saMvat 1482 sakatA hai| yathA AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNa zakti yukta do vi0 meM huA thaa| 'bhaktamAla' grantha meM inakI nizchala padArtha eka dUsare ke sammukha rakhe hoM to eka padArtha kA bhakti bhAvanA kA varNana huA hai / AkarSaNa dUsare padArtha ko apanI ora khIMcegA, evaM donoM pIyUSa-Rgveda tathA paravartI granthoM meM gau ke baccA dene ke kI vikarSaNa zakti donoM ko usase viparIta dizA kI bAda ke prathama dUdha ko 'pIyUSa' kahA gayA hai| isakI tulanA ora prerita karegI / donoM vastuoM kI pathak-pRthak dizA somalatA ke rasa se kI gayI hai| meM gati hone para eka prakAra kA AvataM athavA cakra bana polupAka mata-paramANuoM ke bIca antara kI dhAraNA na jAtA hai| isI taraha jisa devatA kA AvAhana kiyA hone ke kAraNa vaizeSikoM ko 'pIlupAka' nAma kA vilakSaNa jAtA hai usa daivI zakti kA prANoM kI sahAyatA se anna- mata grahaNa karanA pdd'aa| isake anusAra ghaTa agni meM par3amaya koSa se sambandha sthApita ho jAne para prANoM kI kara isa prakAra lAla hotA hai ki agni ke teja se ghaTa ke AkarSaNa zakti kI sahAyatA se vaha daivI zakti AkarSita paramANu alaga-alaga ho jAte hai aura phira lAla hokara ho jAtI hai, evaM prANoM kI vikarSaNa zakti kI viparIta mila jAte haiN| ghar3e kA yaha bananA-bigar3anA itane sUkSma kiyA ke pariNAmasvarUpa vaha daivI zakti vikarSita hotI hai| kAla meM hotA hai ki koI dekha nahIM sktaa| isa prakriyA isa AkarSaNa Ara vikarSaNa kriyA ke hone para eka vattA- se hone vAle parivartana ko pIlupAka mata kahate haiN| kAra sthala kA nirmANa ho jAtA hai jise pITha kahate haiN| pIlamatI-atharvaveda (18.2,48) meM pIlumatI ko udanvatI isa vRtta ke AbhyantarIya pUrNa sthAna para AvAhita usa evaM pradyau nAmaka do svargoM ke bIca kA svarga kahA daivI zakti kA sAmrAjya sthApita ho jAtA hai| kyoMki gayA hai| isa Avata kA madhyagata samasta sthAna AvAhita devatA kA puMsavana-garbhavatI strI kA eka dhArmika saMskAra, jo putra hI sthAna bana jAtA hai / saMtAna hone ke lie kiyA jAtA thaa| isakA sarvaprathama

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402 pujArI-putra ullekha atharvaveda (6.2.1) meM haA hai / yaha yajJa putrotpatti puNDarIkAkSa-(1) viSNu kA eka paryAya hai| (2) tamila kI kAmanA se kiyA jAtA thA aura gRhyasUtroM ke samaya deza ke zrIvaiSNavoM meM nAtha muni ati prasiddha ho gaye haiN| taka isakI gaNanA saMskAroM meM hone lgii| Age calakara / inhIM ke ziSya puNDarIkAkSa the / inake pazcAt rAma mizra yaha saMskAra bhrUga kI puSTi ke lie hI kiyA jAne lgaa| tathA unake uttarAdhikArI AcArya yAmunAcArya he| pujArI-devAlayoM meM mUrti kI vidhivat pUjA ke lie puNDarIkAkSa tathA rAma mizra ke bAre meM kucha adhika jJAta niyukta vyakti / hindU dharma ke vikAsakrama meM bArahavIM se nahIM hai / solahavIM zatI taka aneka bar3e-bar3e sampradAya sthApita hue, puNDarIkAkSa svAmI-viziSTAdvaita vaiSNava paramparA ke eka kintu solahavIM zatI ke uttarArddha se uttara tathA dakSiNa AcArya / inakI guruparamparA isa prakAra hai : bhagavAn bhArata meM ye sampradAya avanati kI ora gatimAn rhe| nArAyaNa ne mahAlakSmI ko vaiSNava dharma kA upadeza kiyA, asaMkhya logoM kI AdhyAtmika pNasa ko miTAne ke lie unase vaikuNThapArpada viSvaksena ko upadeza milA, unase sAmAnya pujAriyoM ne lokapriya dharma kA Andolana Arambha zaThakopa svAmI ko| inake ziSya nAtha muni hae aura inake kiyaa| purAne bikhare hue vicAroM ko sameTa kara nAnA devI-ziSya puNDarIkAkSa svAmI, inake ziSya rAma mizra svAmI devatAoM kI pratimAe~ sthApita kI gayI aura unakI pUjA the aura inase yAmunAcArya ko yaha upadeza prApta huA / kI ora logoM kA dhyAna AkarSita kara dhArmika bhAvanA paNDa-dvija vaiSNavoM kI dIkSA meM pA~ca saMskAra karane hote ko jIvita rakhA gayA / uttarI bhArata meM smAtaM brAhmaNa haiN| ve haiM tApa, puNDa, nAma, mantra evaM yAga / puNDra sAmprasvayaM mandiroM meM jAkara apanI zAkhA ke gRhyasUtroM ke dAyika cihna ko kahate haiM, jo dIkSA lene vAle ke zarIra nirdezAnusAra devatArcana karate the| kintu devatA kI SoDa- (lalATa) para aMkita kiyA jAtA hai| zopacAra pUjA ke lie pujArI rakhe jAte the jo nizcita paNyarAja-zabdAdvaitavAda siddhAnta kA sarvaprathama bhartahari samaya para vidhivat pUjA kArya kiyA karate the / aura phira bhartRmitra ne pratipAdana kiyA / bhartRhari ke prasiddha paNatAmbe-mahArASTra kA prasiddha tIrtha sthala / manamADa se 41 grantha 'vAkyapadIya' meM isa siddhAnta kA pUrNa varNana hai, mIla dUra punatAmbA sthAna hai, isakA prAcIna nAma puNya- jisakI vyAkhyA puNyarAja aura helArAja kI racanA meM prApta stambha hai| yaha godAvarI ke kinAre hai| mahAyogI cAMga- hotI hai / deva, jo pIche saMta jJAnezvara ke zaraNApanna ho gaye the, dIdha patra-isakA prArambhika artha laghu athavA kaniSTha thaa| kAla taka yahA~ rhe| yahA~ zrI biThovA kA mandira, vizve- 'patraka' rUpa kA vyavahAra pyArabhare sambodhana meM apane se zvara zivamandira aura aneka anya zivamandira nirmita choTe logoM ke lie hotA thaa| Age calakara isa zabda hai / bAjAra meM zrI vaGkaTeza mandira bhI hai| kI dhArmika vyutpatti kI jAne lagI-"put = naraka se, puNDarIka-puNDarIka athavA kamala bhArata kA dArzanika puSpa tra= bacAne vaalaa|" putroM dvArA pradatta piNDa aura zrAddha hai / yaha cetanA aura jJAna ke vikAsa kA pratIka hai| isa- se pitA tathA anya pitaroM kA uddhAra hotA hai, isalie ve lie bhAratIya sAhitya aura kalA ke aneka rUpoM meM isakA pitaroM ko naraka se trANa dene vAle mAne jAte haiN| upayoga huA hai| chAndogya upaniSad meM mAnavahRdaya se dharmazAstra meM bAraha prakAra ke putroM kA ullekha pAyA isakI tulanA kI gayI hai| jAtA hai / manusmRti ( adhyAya 1, zloka 158-160) ke puNDarIkayajJaprApti-isa vrata meM jala ke svAmI varuNa deva / anusAra inakA krama isa prakAra hai : kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / isakA anuSThAna dvAdazI ko hotA 1. aurasa (pati dvArA apanI patnI se utpanna) hai| isase puNDarIkayajJa ke phala kI prApti hotI hai / de0 2. putrikAputra (dauhitra) / hemAdri, 1.1204 / vanaparva (30.117) ke anusAra yaha 3. kSetraja (apanI patnI se dUsare puruSa dvArA utpanna) vrata bhI azvamedha tathA rAjasUya yajJoM ke samAna puNyakAraka 4. gUDhaja (patnI dvArA pati ke atirikta anya puruSa se hai / AzvalAyana zrautasUtra, uttarASTaka, 4.4 meM puNDarIka- gupacupa utpanna) yajJa kA varNana hai| 5. kAnIna (avivAhita kanyA se utpanna)

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putrakAmavrata-putraprAptivrata 403 6. sahoDha (vivAha ke samaya garbhavatI kanyA se utpanna) cacita karake, kalaza meM suvarNa rakhakara sthApita kiyA jAnA 7. paunarbhava (dubArA vivAhita patnI se utpanna) cAhie / kalaza ke Upara tAmrapAtra meM gur3a rakhanA cAhie 8. dattaka (putrAbhAva meM dUsare parivAra se gRhIta) aura bhagavAn brahmA tathA mAvitrI devI kI pratimA rakhI 9. krIta (dusare parivAra se kharIdA huA) jAnI caahie| prAtaH yaha kalaza kisI brAhmaNa ko dAna 10. svayaMdatta (mAtA-pitA se parityakta evaM svayaM / kara diyA jAya / usI brAhmaNa ko svAdiSTha bhojana karAsamarpita) kara vratI lavaNarahita bhojana kare / yaha kriyA eka varSa taka 11. kRtrima (svecchA se dUsare parivAra se putravat pratimAsa kI jAya / terahaveM mahIne meM eka ghatadhenu, gRhIta) savastra zayyA, suvarNa tathA rajata kI kramazaH brahmA evaM 12. apaviddha (par3A huA prApta aura parivAra meM sAvitrI kI pratimAe~ dAna meM dI jaayeN| zveta tiloM se paalit)| ye bAraha prakAra ke putra do varga meM vibhAjita the ___ brahmAjI ke nAma kI AvRtti karate hae havana karanA (1) mukhya aura (2) gauNa / inameM prathama do mukhya aura zeSa cAhie / vratI ( puruSa yA strI ) samasta pApoM se mukta gauNa haiM / sAmAjika daSTi se gauNa patroM kA bhI mahattva thaa| hokara sundara putra prApta karate haiN| de0 kRtyakalpataru, isase sabhI prakAra kI saMtati kA pAlana-poSaNa saMbhava 376-378; hemAdri, 2.173-174 / / thA aura parivAra kA samAjIkaraNa ho jAtA thaa| sabhI putravavidhi-ravivAra ke dina rohiNI yA hasta nakSatra ho putroM kA parivAra meM samAna pada nahIM thaa| kintu Aja- to vaha putrada yoga hotA hai / usa dina upavAsa rakhate hue kala kevala do hI prakAra ke putra mAnya haiM, aurasa aura sUrya nArAyaNa kA puSpa-phalAdi se pUjana karanA cAhie / dattaka / zeSa kramazaH yA to aurarA meM sammilita ho gaye vratI ko cAhie ki vaha sUrya kI pratimA ke sAmane soye (jaise sahoDha aura gUDhaja) athavA lupta ho gye| tathA mahAzvetA maMtra kA japa kare ( maMtra yaha hai-hA~ hrIM putrakAmavata-(1) bhAdrapada kI pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA saH ............ ) / dUsare dina karavIra ke puSpoM tathA raktaanuSThAna hotA hai| putrarahita manuSya putreSTi yajJa karane candana mizrita argha sUrya ko tathA ravivAra ko samarpita ke pazcAt guhA meM praviSTa ho, jahA~ rudra nivAsa karate haiN| kare / tadanantara vaha pArvaNa zrAddha kare tathA madhyama piNDa tadanantara rudra, pArvatI tathA nandI kI santuSTi ke lie homa (tIna meM se bIca vAlA) svayaM khAye / hemAdri meM isa vrata tathA pUjana kA vidhAna hai / vratI ko upavAsa karanA cAhie, ja mAnatI ko pAra karanA cAhie kA utanA vizada varNana nahIM hai jitanA kRtyakalpataru meN| tatpazcAt sarvaprathama apane sahAyakoM ko bhojana karAkara putraprAptivrata-(1) vaizAkha zukla SaSThI tathA paJcapI ko vaha sapatnIka bhojana kare aura gahA kI parikramA karake upavAsa rakhate hue skanda bhagavAn kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / patnI ko rudraviSayaka divya vyAkhyAna sunAye / vratI ko yaha tithivrata hai aura eka varSa paryanta calatA hai / skanda ke cAhie ki vaha patnI ko tIna dinoM taka dUdha tathA cAvala cAra rUpa (nAma) haiM-skanda, kumAra, vizAkha tathA guha / hI khAne ko de| isa vrata se vandhyA patnI bhI putra prApta ina nAmoM ke anusAra upAsanA karane se putrecchu, dharmecchu karatI hai / vratI ko isa sabake bAda eka prAdeza lambI athavA svAsthya kA icchuka apanI kAmanAoM ko saphala suvarNa, rajata athavA lauha kI zivapratimA kA nirmANa kara letA hai| karAkara pUjana karanA cAhie / tadanantara agni meM mUrti ko (2) zrAvaNa pUrNimA ko yaha vrata hotA hai / yaha garama kara eka pAtra meM use rakhakara eka prastha dUdha se tithivrata hai tathA zAGkarI ( durgA ) devtaa| putrArthI, usakA abhiSeka kare aura usa abhiSikta dUdha ko patnI vidyArthI, rAjyArthI tathA yazaHkAmI ko isa vrata kA ko pilaaye| de0 kRtyakalpataru, 374-376; hemAdri, AcaraNa karanA cAhie / devIjI kA suvarNa yA rajata kA 2.171-72 / khaDga yA pAdukAeM athavA pratimA nirmANa karAkara kisI (2) jyeSTha mAsa kI pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA zubha nakSatra meM vedI para sthApita kiye jAyeM, usI vedI para anuSThAna karanA cAhie / zveta akSatoM se eka kalaza ko yava boye jAya~ tathA havana ho| devojI ko bhinna-bhinna paripUrNa karake use zveta vastra se Dhakakara, zveta candana se prakAra ke phala-phUla tathA anya padArtha arpita kiye jAyeM /

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404 putravargavihAra-putrotpattivrata hemAdri meM vidyAmaMtra bhI likhA gayA hai| de0 hemAdri, karpUra pratimA ko arpaNa kara puSpAdi se SoDazopacAra pUjana 2.220-233 / ho| taba puruSasUkta ke maMtroM se havana karanA cAhie / putravargavihAra-prAcIna vidyApIThoM meM gurusthala do vargoM meM tadanantara putrAbhilASI yA putrIkAmI phaloM kA khAdya vibhAjita the : (1) ziSyavarga evaM ( 2) putrvrg| padArtha banAkara pulliGga athavA strIliGga nAma lekara use gurukuloM meM guru kA parivAra tathA ziSyavarga donoM rahate the, dAna kara de / eka varSa taka aisA karanA caahie| isase parantu donoM ke nivAsasthAna eka dUsare se bhinna hote the| vratI kI samasta kAmanAeM pUrNa hotI hai| jisa sthAna meM gu: kA parivAra rahatA thA usako putravarga- putrIyasaptamI-mArgazIrSa zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA vihAra kahA jAtA thaa| anuSThAna hotA hai| isa dina sUrya kA pUjana vihita hai| putravata-(1) de0 'putrakAmavrata', hemAdri, 2,171-72 / / usa dina vratI ko 'haviSyAnna' grahaNa karanA cAhie / (2) prAtaH brAhma muhUrta meM snAnAdi se nivRtta hokara dusare dina gandhAkSata-puSpAdi se sUrya kA pUjana kara nakta tAroM ke manda prakAza meM pIpala vRkSa kA sparza karanA paddhati se AhAra karanA cAhie / eka varSa taka yaha vrata cAhie / tadanantara tiloM se paripUrNa pAtra kA dAna kiyA calatA hai / yaha vrata putraprApti ke lie hai| jAya / isase samasta pApoM se mukti hotI hai| patrIyAnantavata-isa vrata ko mArgazIrSa mAsa meM prArambha putrasaptamI-(1) mAgha zukla tathA kRSNa pakSa kI saptamI kara eka varSa taka pratimAsa usa nakSatra ke dina, jisase ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| donoM saptamiyoM ko mAsa kA nAma par3atA hai, upavAsa karate hue viSNu bhagavAn tathA SaSThI ko upavAga tathA havana karane ke pazcAt sUrya kA pUjana karanA caahie| vizeSa rUpa se bhagavAna ke bArahoM ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| yaha eka varSa taka calatA hai| avayavoM kA pUjana honA Avazyaka hai| prati mAsa eka isase putra, dhana, yaza tathA sundara svAthya kI prApti avayava kA kramazaH pUjana karanA cAhie / yathA bAyA~ hotI hai| ghuTanA mArgazIrSa meM, kaTi kA vAma pArzva pauSa meM tathA (2) bhAdra zukla tathA kRSNa pakSa kI SaSThI ko saMkalpa isI prakAra bramazaH / prati cAra mAsa ke eka bhAga meM tathA saptamI ko upavAsapUrvaka viSNu kA nAmoccAraNa vibhinna varNa ke puSpa prayukta hoN| gomUtra, godugdha tathA karate hue unakA pUjana karanA cAhie / aSTamI ke dina godadhi kA prati cAra mAsoM ke vibhAga meM snAna, ananta gopAlamantroM se viSNu bhagavAn kA pUjana tathA tiloM se bhagavAn ke nAma kA japa sampUrNa mahInoM meM kiyA jAya havana karane kA vidhAna hai / yaha eka varSa paryanta hotA hai / tathA unhIM ke nAma lete hue havana ho / vrata ke anta meM varSa ke anta meM zyAmA gau kA jor3A dAna diyA jAya / brAhmaNoM ko bhojana tathA dakSiNA denI caahie| isase isase samasta pApoM kA kSaya tathA putralAbha hotA hai| vratI kI samasta putra, dhana, jIvikA Adi kAmanAe~ pUrNa putrikA-paravartI sAhitya meM isa zabda kA vyavahAra 'putra- hotI haiN| hIna manuSya kI putrI' ke artha meM huA hai| aisI putrI putreSTi-putra prApti ke lie kiyA jAne vAlA yajJa 'putreSTi' kA vivAha isa karAra ke sAtha kiyA jAtA thA ki usakA kahalAtA hai / putrotpatti meM jisa dampatI ko vilamba hotA putra apane nAnA kA zrAddha karegA tathA usakI sampatti thA vaha puSTi yajJa karatA thaa| dattaka putra ke saMgraha ke kA uttarAdhikArI hogaa| yAska ke nirukta ( 3.5 ) meM samaya bhI 'dattahoma' ke sAtha yaha yajJa (puSTi ) kiyA bhI ise Rgveda ke AdhAra para isI artha meM liyA gayA jAtA thA, kyoMki jisa putra kA saMgraha kiyA jAtA thA, hai / kintu RgvedIya paricchedoM kA spaSTa artha nahIM jJAta vaha jisa kula se AtA thA usase usakA sambandha pRthak hotA tathA isa prathA ke dyotaka ve nahIM jAna par3hate / kiyA jAtA thaa| isa yajJa kA prayojana yaha dikhAnA thA putrIyanata-bhAdrapada mAsa kI pUrNimA ke pazcAt kRSNa pakSa ki dattaka putra kA janma saMgraha karane vAle parivAra meM kI aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / usa dina huA hai| upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| eka prastha ghRta meM govinda kI putrotpattivrata-yaha nakSatravrata hai| putra prApti ke lie eka pratimA ko snAna karAyA jAya / tatpazcAt candana, kesara, varSa taka prati zravaNa nakSatra ko yamunA meM snAna karanA

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punarjanma-purANa 405 caahie| isase vasiSThajI ke samAna putra-pautra prApta nagarakIrtana kI praNAlI calAyI thii| tatpazcAt karnATaka hote haiN| deza meM mAdhvoM dvArA bhaktipUrNa gIta evaM bhajanoM kI racanA punarjanma-sabhI hindU dArzanika evaM dhArmika sampradAyoM meM hone lgii| ukta karnATakIya kavibhaktoM meM prathama agragaNya isa siddhAMta ko mAnyatA prApta hai ki manuSya apane vartamAna purandaradAsa hue haiN| inake gIta dakSiNa deza meM bahata jIvana ke acche evaM bure karmoM ke phalabhoga ke lie punarjanma pracalita haiN| grahaNa karatA hai| yaha kAraNa-kAryazRMkhalA ke anusAra parandhri-Rgveda / 01161) meM dama ThAnTa kA ullekha hotA hai| yoniyoM kA nirdhAraNa bhI karma ke hI AdhAra sambhavataH eka strInAma ke rUpa meM haA hai / yaha azvinoM para hotA hai| isI ko saMsAracakra (janma-maraNacakra) bhii| kI saMrakSikA thI, jinhoMne ise eka putra diyA thA, jisakA kahate haiN| isI lie punarjanma se mukti pAne ke upAya nAma hiraNyahasta thaa| jAtivAcaka strI ke artha meM bhI vividha AcAryoM ne apane-apane DhaMga se batAye haiN| puna- isakA prayoga huA hai|| janma kA siddhAnta karmasiddhAnta (kAryakAraNa-sambandha) para purazcaraNasaptamI-mAgha zukla saptamI ravivAra ko makara avalambita hai / punarjanma kA cakra usa samaya taka calatA ke sUrya meM isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / sUrya kI pratimA rahatA hai jaba taka AtmA kI mukti nahIM hotii| kA rakta varNa ke puSpoM, adhya tathA gandhAdi se pUjana karane punarbha-dubArA vivAha karane vAlI strii| atharvaveda meM punarbha kA vidhAna hai| paJcagavya pAna kA bhI vidhAna hai| eka prathA kA ullekha prApta hotA hai ( 9.5.28) / isake varSa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| prati mAsa puSpa, anusAra vidhavA punaH vivAha karatI thI tathA vivAha ke dhUpa tathA naivedya bhinna-bhinna hoN| isase vratI samasta avasara para eka yajJa hotA thA jisameM vaha pratijJA karatI duritoM ke kuphala se mukta hotA hai| 'purazcaraNa' meM pA~ca thI ki apane dUsare pati ke sAtha maiM dUsare loka meM punaH kriyAoM kA samAveza rahatA hai, jaise japa, pUjana, homa, ekatva prApta kruuNgii| dharmazAstra ke anusAra vivAha ke tarpaNa, abhiSeka tathA brAhmaNoM kA sammAna / lie kumArI kanyA hI uttama mAnI jAtI thii| puna se purANa-prAca jana purANa-prAcIna kAla kI kathAoM kA vodhaka grantha / yaha utpanna putra ko 'aurasa' (apane hRdaya se utpanna) na kaha zabda 'itihAsa-purANa' dvandva samAsa ke rUpa meM vyavahRta kara paunarbhava' (punabha se utpanna) kahate the| usake dvArA huA hai / akele bhI isakA prayoga hotA hai, kintu artha diyA huA piNDa utanA puNyakAraka nahIM mAnA jAtA thA vahI hai / sAyaNa ne paribhASA karate hue kahA hai ki purANa jitanA aurasa ke dvArA / dhIre-dhIre strI kA punarbhU (puna vaha hai jo vizvasRSTi kI Adima dazA kA varNana karatA hai| vivAha) honA ucca vargoM meM banda ho gayA / Adhunika purANa nAma se aThAraha yA usase adhika purANa grantha yuga meM vidhavAvivAha ke vaidha ho jAne se striyA~ pahale aura upapurANa samajhe jAte haiM, jinakI dUsarI saMjJA 'paJcapati ke marane para dUsarA vivAha kara rahI haiM, phira bhI lakSaNa' hai / viSNu, brahmANDa, matsya Adi purANoM meM purANoM unake sAtha apamAnasUcaka 'punarbha' zabda nahIM lagatA / ke pA~ca lakSaNa kahe gaye haiM : ve pUrI patnI aura unase utpanna santati aurasa samajhI sargazca pratisargazca vaMzo manvantarANi ca / jAtI hai| vaMzAnucaritaM jJeyaM purANaM paJcalakSaNam // punograntha-yaha kabIrapantha kI sevApustikA hai| [sarga vA sRSTi kA vijJAna, pratisarga arthAt suSTi kA purandaradAsa-eka prasiddha karnATakadezIya bhakta / mAdhva vistAra, laya aura phira se sRSTi, sRSTi kI Adi vaMzAsaMnyAsiyoM meM solahavIM zatI ke prArambha meM gayA ke valI, manvantara arthAt kisa-kisa manu kA adhikAra kaba mahAtmA IzvarapurI ne dakSiNa bhArata kI yAtrA kI tathA taka rahA aura usa kAla meM kauna-kauna sI mahattvapUrNa vahA~ unhoMne mAdhvoM ko caitanya deva ke sadRza hI apane ghaTanAe~ huI aura vaMzAnacarita arthAt sUrya aura candravaMzI bhaktimUlaka gItoM evaM saMkIrtana se prabhAvita kiyaa| rAjAoM kA saMkSipta varNana / ye hI pA~ca viSaya purANoM meM vaMgadeza meM caitanya mahAprabhu ne bhI sarvaprathama saMkIrtana evaM mUlataH vaNita haiM / ]

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406 purANa purANasaMhitA ke racayitA paramparA ke anusAra maharSi vedavyAsa the| unhoMne lomaharSaNa nAmaka apane sUtajAtIya ziSya ko yaha saMhitA sikhA dii| lomaharSaNa ke cha: ziSya hae aura unake bhI ziSya hue| sambhavataH iso ziSyaparamparA ne aThAraha purANoM kI racanA kI / ho sakatA hai, vedavyAsa dvArA prastuta purANasaMhitA ke aThAraha vibhAga rahe hoM jisake AdhAra para ina ziSyoM ne alagaalaga purANa nirmita kiye| phira unake pariziSTa svarUpa anekoM upaparANa race gye| viSNa, brahmANDa evaM matsya Adi purANoM kI sRSTiprakriyA par3hane se prakaTa hotA hai ki saba purANoM meM eka hI bAta hai, eka jaisA viSaya hai| kisI purANa meM kucha bAteM adhika hai, kisI meM kama / saba purANoM kA mUla eka hI hai| eka purANasaMhitA ke aThAraha bhAgoM meM vibhakta hone kA kAraNa ziSyaparamparA kI ruci ke atirikta aura bhI ho| sakatA hai / purANoM ke anuzIlana se patA calatA hai ki pratyeka grantha kA vizeSa uddezya hai| mUla viSaya eka hote hue bhI hara eka purANa meM kisI eka prasaMga kA vistAra se varNana hai| purANa kA vyaktigata mahattva isI vizeSa prasaMga meM nihita hotA hai| yadi aisI bAta na hotA to paJcalakSaNa yukta eka hI mahApurANa paryApta hotaa| sambhava hai ki mUla saMhitA meM ina vizeSa uddezyoM kA mUla vidyamAna rahA ho / parantu isa samaya purANoM para bhinna bhinna sampradAyoM kA bar3A prabhAva par3A huA dikhAI par3atA hai / brAhma, zaiva, vaiSNava, bhAgavata Adi purANoM ke nAmoM se hI pratIta hotA hai ki ye vizeSa sampradAyoM ke grantha haiN| itihAsa se aisA nizcita nahIM hotA ki ina purANoM kI racanA ke anantara ukta sampradAya cala par3e athavA sampradAya pahale se the aura unhoMne apane-apane anugata purANoM kA vyAsajI kI ziSya paramparA se nirmANa kraayaa| athavA bAda meM sampradAyoM ke anuyAyI paNDitoM ne apane sampradAya ke anukUla purANoM meM kucha parivartana aura parivarddhana kiye haiN| ___ avatAravAda purANoM kA pradhAna aGga hai| prAyaH sabhI purANoM meM avatAra prasaGga diyA huA hai| zaivamataparipoSaka purANoM meM bhagavAn zaGkara ke nAnA avatAroM kI carcA hai| isI taraha vaiSNava praNAlI meM bhI viSNa ke agaNita avatAra batAye gaye haiN| isI taraha anya purANoM meM anya devoM ke avatAroM kI carcA hai / yaha dhyAna rahe ki avatAravarNana vaidika sUtroM para avalambita hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM (1.8.1.2-10) matsyAvatAra kA, taittirIya AraNyaka (1.23.1) aura zatapatha brAhmaNa meM (1.4.3 5) kUrmAvatAra kA, taittirIya saMhitA (7.1.5.1), taittirIya brAhmaNa (1.1.3.5) aura zata0 brA0 meM (14.1.2.11) varAha avatAra kA, Rk saMhitA (1.17) aura zatapatha brAhmaNa (1.2.5.1-7) meM vAmana avatAra kA, aitareya brA0 meM rAma-bhArgavAvatAra kA, chAndogyopaniSad meM (3.17) devakIputra kRSNa kA aura taitti0 A0 meM (10.1.6) vAsudeva kRSNa kA varNana hai / adhikAMza vaidika granthoM ke mata se kUrma, varAhaAdi avatAroM kI jo kathA kahI gayI hai vaha brahmA ke avatAra kI kathA hai| vaiSNava purANa inhIM avatAroM ko viSNu kA avatAra batAte haiN| bhaviSya jaise kaI purANa saura purANa haiN| unameM sUrya ke avatAra ginAye gaye haiN| mArkaNDeya Adi zAkta purANoM meM devI ke avatAroM kA varNana hai| purANa vedoM ke upAGga kahe jAte haiM / tAtparya yaha hai ki veda ke mantroM meM devatAoM kI stutiyA~ mAtra haiM / brAhmaNa bhAga meM kahIM kahIM yajJAdi ke prasaGga meM kathA-purANa kA saMkSepa meM hI ullekha hai| parantu vistAra ke sAtha kathAoM aura upAkhyAnoM kA kahIM honA Avazyaka thA / isI AvazyakatA kI pUrti ke lie purANoM kI racanA huI jAna par3atI hai| aThArahoM purANoM kA pradhAna uddezya yaha pratIta hotA hai ki brahmA, viSNa, ziva, sUrya, gaNeza aura zakti kI upAsanA athavA brahmA ko chor3akara zeSa pA~ca devatAoM kI upAsanA kA pracAra ho aura ina pA~ca devatAoM meM se eka ko upAsaka pradhAna mAne, zeSa cAra ko gauNa kintu pradhAna meM antnihit| purANoM ke pratipAdana kA samIkaraNa karane se patA calatA hai ki paramAtmA ke pA~coM bhinna-bhinna saguNa rUpa mAne gaye haiN| sRSTi meM inakA kAryavibhAga alagaalaga hai / brahmA kI pUjA aura upAsanA Ajakala dekhI nahIM jAtI hai, parantu aisA jAna par3atA hai ki brahmA kI upAsanA kA gaNeza kI upAsanA meM vilayana ho gayA hai| purANoM kI kathAoM meM aneka sthaloM para bheda dikhAI par3ate haiN| aise bhedoM ko sAdhAraNatayA kalpabheda kI kathA se purANavettA loga samajhA diyA karate haiN|

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purANamaNi-puruSa aThAraha purANoM kI mAnya sUcI nimnAti hai 1. brahma purANa 10. varAha purAna 2. padma purANa 11. skanda purANa 3. viSNu purANa 12. mArkaNDeya purANa 4. ziva purANa 13. vAmana purANa 14. kUrma purANa 15. matsya purANa 7. nArada purANa 16. garur3a purANa 8. agni purANa 17. brahmANDa purANa 9. brahmavaivarta purANa 18. liGga purANa ina saba purANoM kA alaga-alaga paricaya nAma-akSarakrama ke aMdara likhA gayA hai / isako yathAsthAna dekhanA cAhie / purANamaNi - yaha ivir3a (tamila) bhASA kA eka nivandha grantha hai | 5. bhAgavata purANa 6. vAyu purANa purAvRtta - atIta kI ghaTanA / yaha zabda itihAsa ( iti + ha + Asa = aisA vastutaH huA) kA paryAya hai / paravartI saMskRta sAhitya meM isakA artha paurANika kathA, AkhyAnaAkhyAyikA kathA Adi sapalA gayA hai| isakI pari bhASA ke anusAra uparyukta kathA yA AkhyAna meM kartavya lAbha, prema tathA mokSAdi kA sArAMza bhI varNita hai / (1) zaMkarAcArya dvArA svAsti dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM kI eka zAkhA / mAdhva daiSNava saMnyAsiyoM meM bhI 'purI' upanAmaka saMta hue haiM, yathA gayAnivAsI mahAtmA iishvrpurii| kucha vidvAnoM ke vicAra se IzvarapurI jaise vaiSNava santoM dvArA jaganAthapurI meM adhikAMza bhajana sAdhana kiyA gayA thA isalie unakA 'purI' upanAma prasiddha ho gayA / isI prakAra zAkta saMnyAsiyoM meM bhI 'purI' upanAmaka mahAtmA ho gaye haiM / svAmI totApurI se paramahaMsa rAmakRSNa ne saMnyAsadIkSA lI thI ataH unake mizana yA maThoM ke saMnyAsI purI zAkhA ke sadasya mAne jAte haiM / (2) puro (jaganAthapurI) hinduoM ke mukhya tIthoM meM se eka hai / yahA~ viSNu ke avatAra balabhadra aura kRSNa kA mandira hai, jise jagannAtha ( jagat ke nAtha) kA mandira kahate haiM / bhArataprasiddha rathayAtrA kA melA yahIM hotA hai lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM bhakta Akara yahAM jagannAthajI kA ratha svayaM khIMcakara puNya lAbha karate haiN| isakI gaNanA cAra dhAmoM - vadarikAzrama, rAmezvaram jagannAtha purI ----- (puruSottamadhAma) aura dvArakA meM hai de0 'puruSottama tIrtha' (jagannAthapurI) | purIziSyaparamparA purI dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM kI eka zAkhA hai| zaMkarAcArya ke ziSya troTakAcArya se purI ziSyoM kI paramparA pracalita mAnI jAtI hai / purI, bhAratI aura sarasvatI nAmoM kI ziSyaparamparA zrRMgerI maTha (kumbhakoNam) ke antargata hai| de0 'dasanAmI' / purISiNI veda (5.53.9) meM yaha zabda yA to nadI ke artha kA dyotaka hai, yA adhika sambhavataH sarayU kA vizeSaNa hai, jo 'jala se pUrita bar3hI huI' yA 'prastarakhaNDa khIMcatI huI' ke artha meM prayukta hai / puruSa puruSa' zabda kI vyutpatti 'puri zete iti (pura arthAt zarIra meM zayana karatA hai) kI gayI hai| isa artha meM pratyeka vyakti puruSa hai kintu Rgveda ke puruSasUkta (10.80) meM Adi puruSa kI kalpanA virAT puruSa athavA vizvapuruSa ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| devatAoM (vizva kI viziSTa zaktiyoM) ne isI puruSa ke dvArA puruSamedha kiyA, jisake zarIra ke vividha aGgoM se saMsAra ke sabhI padArtha utpanna hue phira bhI yaha puruSa saMsAra meM samApta nahIM huA, isake aMza se yaha sampUrNa sRSTi vyApta hai; vaha isakA atikramaNa kara aneka vizva brahmANDoM ko apane meM sameTe hue hai / sRSTi ke mUla meM sthita mUla tattva ke antaryAmI aura atirekI svarUpa kA pratIka puruSa hai| isI siddhAnta ko 'sarvezvaravAda' kahate haiM / sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra vizva meM do svatantra aura sanAtana tatva haiM - ( 1 ) prakRti aura (2) puruSa | sAMkhya puruSabahutva meM vizvAsa karatA hai| prakRti aura puruSa ke samparka se vizva kA vikAsa hotA hai / prakRti naTI puruSa ke vilAsa ke lie apanI lIlA kA prasAra karatI hai / prakRti kriyAzIla aura puruSa niSkriya kintu draSTA hotA hai / isa samparka se jo bhrama utpanna hotA hai usake kAraNa puruSa prakRti ke kAryoM kA apane Upara Aropa kara letA hai aura isa kAraNa unake pari NAmoM se utpanna sukha-duHkha bhogatA hai / puruSa dvArA apane svarUpa ko bhUla jAnA hI bandha hai / jaba puruSa punaH jJAna prApta karake apane svarUpa ko pahacAna letA hai taba use kaivalya ( prakRti se pArthamaya) prApta hotA hai; prakRti saMkucita hokara apanI lIlA kA saMvaraNa kara letI hai aura puruSa mukta ho jAtA hai / - 407

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368 puruSanti yaha nAma Rgveda (1.112.23 9,58,3) meM do bAra ullikhita hai / pahale pariccheda meM azvinau dvArA rakSita tathA dUsare meM eka saMrakSaka kA nAma hai, jo vaidika gAvakoM ko upahAra dAna karatA hai| donoM sthAnoM para yaha nAma 'dhvasanti' yA 'dhvaca' nAma ke sAtha saMyukta hai| ina tInoM kA jor3a puruSavAcaka hai, kintu vyAkaraNa kI dRSTi se yaha strIliGga bhI ho sakatA hai| / puruSavizeSa - yoga praNAlI meM Izvara ko 'puruSavizeSa' kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| yaha puruSa vizeSa yoga siddhAnta ke mukhya vicAroM se zithilatApUrvaka saMlagna hai vaha vizeSa prakAra kA AtmA hai jo sarvajJa, zAzvata evaM pUrNa hai tathA karma, punarjanma evaM mAnavika durbalatAoM se pare hai| vaha yogiyoM kA prathama zikSaka hai, vaha unakI sahAyatA karatA hai jo dhyAna ke dvArA kaivalya prApta karanA cAhate haiM aura usake prati bhakti rakhate haiM kintu vaha sRSTikartA nahIM kahalAtA / usakA prakaTIkaraNa rahasyAtmaka mantra 'om' se hotA hai / 1 1 puruSArtha isakA zAbdika artha hai 'puruSa dvArA prApta karane yogya / Ajakala kI zabdAvalI meM ise 'mUlya' kaha sakate haiM / hindU vicArazAstriyoM ne cAra puruSArtha mAne hai - (1) dharma (2) artha (3) kAma evaM (4) mokSa dharma kA artha hai jIvana ke niyAmaka tattva, artha kA tAtparya hai jIvana ke bhautika sAdhana, kAma kA artha hai jIvana kI vaidha kAmanAe~ aura mokSa kA abhiprAya hai jIvana ke sabhI prakAra ke bandhanoM se mukti prathama tIna ko pavarga aura antima ko apavarga kahate haiN| ina cAroM kA cAroM AzramoM se sambandha hai | prathama Azrama brahmacarya dharma kA dUsarA gArhasthya dharma evaM kAma kA tathA tIsarA vAnaprastha evaM cauyA saMnyAsa mokSa kA adhiSThAna hai| yoM dharma kA prasAra pUre jIvanakAla para hai kintu yahA~ dharma kA vizeSa artha hai anuzAsana tathA sAre jIvana ko eka dArzanika rUpa se calAne kI zikSA, jo prathama yA brahmAcaryAdhama meM hI sIkhanA par3atA hai| ina cAroM puruSAyoM meM bhI vikAsa parilakSita hai, yathA eka se dUsare kI prApti-dharma se artha, artha se kAma tathA dharma se punaH gokSa kI prApti hotI hai| bhAvaka darzana kevala artha evaM kAma ko puruSArtha mAnatA hai / kintu cArvAkoM kA siddhAnta bhArata meM bahumAnya nahIM huA / puruSottama gItA ke anusAra puruSa kI tIna koTiyA~ haiM --- puruSanti puruSottamatIyaM (1) kSara puruSa, jisake antargata carAcara nazvara jagat kA samAveza hai, (2) akSara puruSa arthAt jIvAtmA, jo vastutaH ajara aura amara hai aura (3) puruSottama, jo donoM se pare vizva ke mUla meM parama tatva hai, jisameM sampUrNa vizva kA samAhAra ho jAtA hai| puruSottama tattva kI prApti hI jIvana kA parama puruSArtha hai / puruSottamatIrthaM ( jagannAthapurI) - ur3IsA ke cAra prasiddha tIrtho, bhuvanezvara, jagannAtha, koNArka tathA jAjapura meM jagannAtha kA mahatvapUrNa astitva hai| ise puruSottama tIrtha bhI kahA jAtA hai / brahmapurANa meM isake sambandha meM lagabhaga 800 zloka milate haiM / jagannAthapurI zaMkhakSetra ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai / yaha bhAratavarSa ke utkala pradeza meM samudra taTa para sthita hai / isakA vistAra uttara meM virAjamaNDala taka hai / isa pradeza meM pApanAzaka tathA muktidAyaka eka pavitra sthala hai| yaha beta se ghirA huA dasa yojana taka vistRta hai| utkala pradeza meM puruSottama kA prasiddha mandira hai| jagannAtha kI sarvavyApakatA ke kAraNa yaha utkala pradeza bahuta pavitra mAnA jAtA hai / yahA~ puruSottama ( jagannAtha) ke nivAsa ke kAraNa utkala ke nivAsI devatulya mAne jAte haiN| brahmapurANa ke 43 tathA 44 adhyAoM meM mAlavAsthita ujjayinI ( avantI) ke rAjA indradyumna kA vivaraNa hai| vaha bar3A vidvAn tathA pratApI rAjA thaa| sabhI vedazAstroM ke adhyayana ke uparAnta vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA ki vAsudeva sarvazreSTha devatA hai| phalataH vaha apanI sArI senA, paNDitoM tathA kisAnoM ke sAtha vAsudevakSetra meM gyaa| dasa yojana lambe tathA pA~ca yojana caur3e isa vAsudevasthala para usane apanA khemA lagAyA / isake pUrva isa dakSiNI samudrataTa para eka vaTavRkSa thA jisake samIpa puruSottama kI indranIla maNi kI banI huI mUrti thI / kAlakrama se yaha vAlukA se Acchata ho gayI aura usI meM nimagna ho gyii| usa sthala para jhAr3iyA~ aura per3a paudhe uga aaye| indradyumna ne vahAM eka azvamedha yajJa karake eka bahuta bar3e mandira ( prAsAda) kA nirmANa karAyA | usa mandira meM bhagavAn vAsudeva kI eka sundara mUrti pratiSThita karane kI use cintA huii| svapna meM rAjA ne vAsudeva ko dekhA jinhoMne use samudrataTa para prAtaHkAla jAkara kulhAr3I se ugate hue vaTavRkSa ko kATane ko khaa| rAjA ne ThIka samaya para vaisA hI kiyA /

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puruSottamatIrtha usameM bhagavAn viSNu (vAsudeva) aura vizvakarmA brAhmaNa ke jagannAthapurI tathA jagannAtha kI kucha maulika vizeSaveSa meM prakaTa hue| viSNu ne rAjA se kahA ki mere tAe~ hai| pahale to yahA~ kisI prakAra kA jAtibheda sahayogI vizvakarmA merI mUrti kA nirmANa kreNge| nahIM hai, dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki jagannAtha ke lie pakAyA kRSNa, balarAma aura subhadrA kI tIna mUrtiyA~ banAkara rAjA gayA cAvala vahA~ ke purohita nimna koTi ke logoM se bhI ko dI gayIM / taduparAnta viSNu ne rAjA ko varadAna diyA le lete haiN| jagannAtha ko car3hAyA huA cAvala kabhI ki azvamedha ke samApta hone para jahA~ indradyumna ne snAna azuddha nahI hotA, ise 'mahAprasAda' kI saMjJA dI gayI kiyA hai vaha bA~dha (setu) usI ke nAma se vikhyAta hogaa| hai / isakI tIsarI pramukha vizeSatA rathayAtrA parva kI jo vyakti usameM snAna karegA vaha indraloka ko jAyegA mahattA hai, yaha purI ke caubIsa parvo meM se sarvAdhika mahattva aura jo usa setu ke taTa para piNDadAna karegA usake 21 / / kA hai| yaha ASAr3ha ke zukla pakSa kI dvitIyA ko Arambha pIr3hiyoM taka ke pUrvaja mukta ho jaayeNge| indradyamna ne ina tIna hotA hai| jagannAthajI kA ratha 45 phuTa U~cA, 35 mUrtiyoM kI usa mandira meM sthApanA kii| skandapurANa ke vargaphuTa kSetraphala kA tathA 7 phuTa vyAsa ke 16 pahiyoM upabhAga utkalakhaNDa meM indradyumna kI kathA puruSottamamAhAtmya se yukta rahatA hai| unameM 16 chidra rahate haiM aura garur3ake antargata kucha parivartanoM ke sAtha dI gayI hai| kalaMgI lagI rahatI hai / dUsarA ratha subhadrA kA hai jo 12 isase yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki prAcIna kAla meM pahiyoM se yukta aura kucha choTA hotA hai| usakA makaTa puruSottamakSetra ko nIlAcala nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA padma se yukta hai / balarAma kA tIsarA ratha 14 pahiyoM se thA aura kRSNa kI pUjA uttarI bhArata meM hotI thI / maitrA yukta tathA hanumAna ke mukuTa se yukta hai / ye ratha tIrthayaNI upaniSad (1.4) se indradyumna ke cakravartI hone kA yAtriyoM tathA majadUroM dvArA khIMce jAte haiN| bhAvukatApUrNa patA calatA hai| 7vIM zatAbdI I0 se vahA~ bauddhoM ke gItoM se utsava manAyA jAtA hai| vikAsa kA bhI patA calatA hai| samprati jagannAthatIrtha __jagannAthamandira ke nijI bhRtyoM kI eka senA hai jo kA pavitra sthala 20 phuTa U~cA, 652 phuTa lambA tathA 36 rUpoM tathA 97 vargoM meM vibhAjita kara dI gayI hai| 630 phuTa caur3A hai| isameM Izvara ke vividha rUpoM ke pahale inake pradhAna khurda ke rAjA the jo apane ko 120 mandira haiM, 13 mandira ziva ke, kucha pArvatI ke jagannAtha kA bhRtya samajhate the / tathA eka mandira sUrya kA hai| hindu AsthA ke prAyaH kAzI kI taraha jagannAthadhAma meM bhI paMca tIrtha haipratyeka rUpa yahA~ milate haiM / brahmapurANa ke anusAra jagannAtha mArkaNDeya, paTa (kRSNa), balarAma, samudra aura indradyumnapurI meM zavoM aura vaiSNavoM ke pArasparika saMgharSa naSTa set / inameM se pratyeka ke viSaya meM kucha kahA jA sakatA ho jAte haiM / jagannAtha ke vizAla mandira ke bhItara cAra hai| mArkaNDeya kI kathA brahmapurANa meM varNita hai| khaNDa haiM / prathama bhogamandira, jisameM bhagavAna ko bhoga (adhyAya 56.72-73) viSNu ne mArkaNDeya se jagannAtha ke lagAyA jAtA hai, dvitIya raGgamandira, jisameM nRtya-gAna uttara meM ziva kA mandira tathA setu banavAne ko kahA thaa| Adi hote haiM, tRtIya sabhAmaNDapa, jisameM darzaka gaNa (tIrtha- kucha samaya ke uparAnta yaha mArkaNDeyasetu ke nAma se yAtrI) baiThate haiM aura cauthA antarAla hai| jagannAtha ke vikhyAta ho gyaa| brahmapurANa ke anusAra tIrthayAtrI mandira kA gumbaja 192 phuTa U~cA aura cakra tathA dhvaja ko mArkaNDeyasetu meM snAna karake tIna bAra sira jhukAnA se Acchanna hai| mandira samudrataTa se 7 phAga dUra hai| tathA mantra par3hanA caahie| tatpazcAt use tarpaNa karanA yaha sataha se 20 phuTa U~cI eka choTI sI pahAr3I para tathA zivamandira jAnA cAhie / ziva ke pUjana meM 'om sthita hai| yaha golAkAra pahADI hai jise nIlagiri namaH zivAya' nAmaka mUla mantra kA uccAraNa atyAvazyaka kahakara sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| antarAla kI pratyeka hai| aghora tathA paurANika mantroM kA bhI uccAraNa honA tarapha eka bar3A dvAra hai, unameM pUrva kA sabase bar3A hai aura cAhie / tatpazcAt use vaTa vRkSa ko jAkara usakI tIna bhavya hai / pravezadvAra para eka bRhatkAya siMha hai|| isIlie bAra parikramA karanI cAhie aura mantra se pUjA karanI isa dvAra ko siMhadvAra kahA jAtA hai| caahie| brahmapurANa (57.17) ke anusAra vaTa svayaM 52

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puruSottamayAtrA-purohita kRSNa haiM / vaha bhI eka prakAra kA kalpavRkSa hI hai / tIrtha- usI utsava ke ho sakate haiN| isa sambandha meM bhramapUrNa yAtrI ko zrI kRSNa ke samakSa sthita garur3a kI pUjA karanI atirikta parikalpanAe~ avAMchanIya aura aspRhaNIya haiN| cAhie aura taba kRSNa, subhadrA tathA saMkarSaNa ke prati puruSottamayAtrA-jagannAthapurI meM puruSottama (viSNu ) mantroccAraNa karanA caahie| brahmapurANa (57.42-50) bhagavAn kI bAraha yAtrAe~ manAyI jAtI haiN| yathA zrI kRSNa ke bhaktipUrNa darzana se mokSa kA vidhAna karatA snAna, guNDicA, harizayana, dakSiNAyana, pArzvaparivartana, hai| purI meM samudrasnAna kA bar3A mahatva hai para yaha bhUlataH utthApanaikAdazI, prAvaraNotsava, puSyAbhiSeka, uttarAyaNa, pUrNimA ke dina hI adhika mahatvapUrNa hai / tIrthayAtrI ko dolAyAtrA, damanaka caturdazI tathA akSaya tRtIyA / de0 indradyumnasetu meM snAna karanA, devatAoM kA tarpaNa karanA gadAdharapaddhati, kAlasAra, pR0 183-190 / tathA RSi-pitaroM ko piNDadAna karanA caahie| puruSottamasaMhitA-yaha vaiSNava saMhitA hai| AcArya madhvabrahmapurANa (a0 66) meM indradyumnasetu ke kinAre sAta racita vedAntabhASya ke saMkSipta saMskaraNa 'anubhASya' kA dinoM kI guNDicA yAtrA kA ullekha hai| yaha kRSNa, mukhya aMza purANoM tathA vaiSNava saMhitAoM se uddhRta hai / saMkarSaNa tathA subhadrA ke maNDapa meM hI pUrI hotI hai / aisA ina vaiSNava saMhitAoM meM puruSottamasaMhitA Adi mukhya haiM / batAyA jAtA hai ki guNDicA jagannAtha ke vizAla mandira puruSottamAcArya-dvaitAdvaitavAdI vaiSNavoM ke saiddhAntika se lagabhaga do mIla dUra jagannAtha kA grISmakAlIna bhavana vyAkhyAkAra vidvAn / inhoMne nimbArka svAmI ke mata kA hai / yaha zabda sambhavataH 'guNDI' se liyA gayA hai jisakA anusaraNa kara use paripuSTa kiyA hai| inake prasiddha grantha artha ba~galA tathA ur3iyA meM 'moTI lakar3I kA kundA' 'vedAntaratnamaMjUSA' meM nimbArkaracita 'dazazlokI' yA hotA hai / yaha lakar3I kA kundA eka paurANika kathA ke 'vedAntakAmadhenu' kI vistRta vyAkhyA hai| anusAra samudra meM bahate hue indradyumna ko milA thaa| puroDAza-yajJoM meM devatAoM ko arpita kiyA jAne vAlA puruSottama kSetra meM dhArmika AtmaghAta kA bhI brahmapurANa pakvAnna, jo miTTI ke tavoM para sekA jAtA thA / Rgveda meM ullekha hai| vaTa vRkSa para car3hakara yA usake nIce yA ( 3.28,2,41,3,52,2,4.24,5,6.23,6;8.31,2 ) samudra meM, icchA yA anicchA se, jagannAtharatha ke mArga tathA anya saMhitAoM meM yajJa ke roTa ko 'puroDAza' kahA meM, jagannAtha kSetra kI kisI galI meM yA kisI bhI sthala gayA hai / yaha devatAoM kA priya bhojya thaa| para jo prANa tyAga karatA hai vaha nizcaya hI mokSa prApta purodhA-(1) dhArmika kAryoM kA agraNI athavA netA / yaha karatA hai| brahmapurANa (70.3-4) ke anusAra yaha tIna gharelU purohita ke pada kA bodhaka hai / gunA satya hai ki yaha sthala parama mahAn hai| puruSottama- (2) rAjA kI mantripariSad ke pramukha sadasyoM meM tIrtha meM eka bAra jAne ke uparAnta vyakti punaH garbha meM isakI bhI gaNanA hai| dhArmika tathA vidhika mAmaloM meM nahIM jaataa| purodhA rAjA kA parAmarzadAtA hotA thaa| jagannAthatIrtha ke mandira ke sambandha meM eka doSa yaha purohita-Age avasthita athavA pUrvaniyukta vyakti, jo batAyA jAtA hai ki usakI dIvAroM para nRtya karatI haI dharmakAryoM kA saMcAlaka aura maMtrimaNDala kA sadasya hotA yuvatiyoM ke citra haiM, jo apane kaTAkSoM se hAva-bhAva prada- thaa| vaidika saMhitAoM meM isakA ullekha hai| purohita zita karatI haI tathA kAmaka abhinaya karatI haI dikhAyI ko 'purodhA' bhI kahate haiM / isakA prAthamika kArya kisI gayI haiN| kintu brahmapurANa (a0 65) kA kathana hai ki rAjA yA saMpanna parivAra kA gharelU purohita honA hotA jyeSTha kI pUrNimA ko snAnaparva manAyA jAtA hai / usa thaa| Rgveda ke anusAra vizvAmitra evaM basiSTha tritsu avasara para sundarI vAravilAsiniyA~ tabale aura vaMzI kula ke rAjA sudAsa ke purohita the| zAntanu ke purohita kI dhvani aura sura para pavitra vedamantroM kA uccAraNa devApi the| yajJa kriyA ke sampAdanArtha rAjA ko purohita karatI haiM / yaha eka sahagAna ke rUpa meM zrI kRSNa, balarAma rakhanA Avazyaka hotA thaa| yaha yuddha meM rAjA kI surakSA tathA subhadrA kI mUrti ke samakSa hotA hai / ataH ye citra evaM vijaya kA AzvAsana apanI stutiyoM dvArA detA thA,

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pulikAbandhana-puSpamuni 411 anna evaM sasya ke lie yaha varSAkAraka anuSThAna karAtA hai| kucha loga isakA artha sarpa karate haiM, parantu adhika thA / purohitapada ke paitRka hone kA nizcita pramANa nahIM artha madhumakkhI hai| hai, kintu sambhavataH aisA hI thaa| rAjA kuru zravaNa tathA paSTigu-Rgveda (8.51,1 ) kI bAlakhilya RcA meM usake putra upama zravaNa kA purohita ke sAtha jo sambandha uddhRta eka RSi kA nAma / thA usase jJAta hotA hai ki sAdhAraNataH putra apane pitA ke paSTimArga-bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra bhagavAn kA anugraha purohita pada ko hI apanAtA thaa| prAyaH brAhmaNa hI purohita hI poSaNa yA paSTi hai| AcArya vallabha ne isI bhAva ke hote the / bRhaspati devatAoM ke purohita evaM brAhmaNa donoM / AdhAra para apanA puSTimArga claayaa| isakA mUla sUtra kahe jAte haiN| olDenavarga ke matAnusAra purohita prArambha meM upaniSadoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / kaThopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai hotA hote the, jo stutiyoM kA gAna karate the| isameM sandeha ki paramAtmA jisa para anugraha karatA hai usI ko apanA nahIM ki aitihAsika yuga meM vaha rAjA kI zakti kA prati sAkSAtkAra karAtA hai / vallabhAcArya ne jIva AtmAoM ko nidhitva karatA thA tathA sAmAjika kSetra meM usakA bar3A paramAtmA kA aMza mAnA hai jo cinagArI kI taraha usa prabhAva thaa| nyAya vyavasthA tathA rAjA ke kAryoM ke mahAn AtmA se chiTake haiN| yadyapi ye alaga-alaga haiM saMcAlana meM usakA prabala hAtha hotA thaa| tathApi guNa meM samAna haiN| isI AdhAra para vallabha ne pulikAbandhana-yaha vrata kArtikI pUrNimA ko puSkara kSetra meM apane yA parAye zarIra ko kaSTa denA anucita batAyA hai| manAyA jAtA hai / isa dina puSkara meM bahuta bar3A melA puSTimArga meM paramAtmA ko kRpA ke zama-damAdi bahiraGga lagatA hai / de. kRtyasArasamuccaya, pR0 7 / sAdhana haiM aura zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana antaraGga sAdhana / puSkara-(1) vaidika sAhitya meM puSkara nIla kamala kA nAma bhagavAn meM citta kI pravaNatA sevA hai aura sarvAtmabhAva hai| atharvaveda meM isakI madhura gandha kA varNana hai| yaha mAnasI sevA hai| AcArya kI sammati meM bhagavAn kA tAlAboM meM ugatA thA jo puSkariNI kahalAte the / 'puSkara anugraha (kRpA) hI puSTi hai / bhakti do prakAra kI haisrajo' azvinoM kA eka viruda hai / nirukta (5.14) tathA maryAdAbhakti aura pussttibhkti| maryAdAbhakti meM zAstrazatapatha brAhmaNa (6.4,2,2) ke anusAra puSkara kA artha vihita jJAna aura karma kI apekSA hotI hai| bhagavAn ke jala hai| anugraha se jo bhakti utpanna hotI hai vaha puSTibhakti kaha(2) puSkara eka tIrtha kA bhI nAma hai jo rAjasthAna lAtI hai| aisA bhakta bhagavAn ke svarUpa darzana ke atimeM ajamera ke pAsa sthita hai / brahmA isake mukhya devatA hai| rikta aura kisI vastu ke lie prArthanA nahIM karatA / vaha yaha eka bahuta bar3e prAkRtika jalAzaya ke rUpa meM hai isalie apane ArAdhya ke prati sampUrNa AtmasamarpaNa karatA hai| isakA nAma puSkara par3A / purANoM ke anusAra yaha tIrthoM isako premalakSaNA bhakti kahate haiM / nArada ne isa bhakti kA guru mAnA jAtA hai ataeva isako puSkararAja bhI ko karma, jJAna aura yoga se bhI zreSTha batalAyA hai| unake kahate haiN| bhArata ke paMca tIrthoM aura paMca sarovaroM meM anusAra yaha bhakti sAdhana nahIM, svataH phalarUpA hai| isakI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| paMca tIrtha hai-puSkara, paSpadvitIyA-kArtika zukla dvitIyA ko isa vrata kA kurukSetra, gayA, gaGgA evaM prabhAsa tathA paMca sarovara hai prArambha hotA hai| yaha tithivata hai, eka varSa paryanta calatA mAnasarovara, puSkara, bindusarovara ( siddhapura ), nArAyaNa- hai, azvinIkumAra isake devatA haiN| divya pUjA ke lie sarovara (kaccha) aura pampA sarovara ( dakSiNa ) / isakA upayukta puSpoM kA arpaNa prati zukla pakSa kI dvitIyA ko mAhAtmya nimnAGkita hai : karane kA vidhAna hai| vrata ke anta meM suvaNa ke bane hae duSkaraM puSkare gantuM duSkaraM puSkare tapaH / puSpa tathA gau kA dAna karanA caahie| isase vratI putra duSkaraM puSkare dAnaM vastuM caiva suduSkaram / / tathA patnI sahita sukhopabhoga karatA hai / puSkarasad-kamala para baiThA huA jantu / yaha eka pazu kA puSpamuni-sAmaveda kI eka zAkhA kA prAtizAkhya puSpamuni nAma hai jo azvamedha ke balipazuoM ko tAlikA meM uddhRta dvArA racita hai /

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412 puSpasUtra-pUnA puSpasUtra-gobhila kA racA huA sAmaveda kA sUtra grantha / puSyasnAna-hemAdri, bRhatsaMhitA, kAlikApurANa ke anuisake pahale cAra prapAThakoM meM nAnA prakAra ke pAribhASika sAra yaha zAntikarma hai| ratnamAlA meM kahA gayA hai ki aura vyAkaraNa dvArA gar3he hue zabda Aye haiM, unakA marma jisa prakAra catuSpadoM meM siMha mahAn zaktizAlI hai usI samajhanA kaThina hai| ina prapAThakoM kI TIkA bhI nahIM prakAra samasta nakSatroM meM puSya zaktimAn hai / isa dina milatI, kintu zeSa aMza para eka vizada bhASya ajAtazatru kiye gaye samasta kAryoM meM saphalatA avazyambhAvI hai, cAhe kA likhA huA hai| Rgveda kI mantrarUpI kalikA kisa candramA pratikUla kyoM na ho| prakAra sAmarUpa puSpa meM pariNata huI-isa grantha meM batAyA puSyAbhiSeka-jagannAthajI kI bAraha yAtrAoM meM se eka / gayA hai| dAkSiNAtyoM meM yaha jhulla sUtra' ke nAma se prasiddha prati varSa pauSa mAsa kI pUrNimA ko puSya nakSatra ke dina hai aura kahate haiM ki yaha vararuci kI racanA hai| dAmodara yaha utsava manAyA jAtA hai| putra rAmakRSNa kI likhI isa para eka vRtti bhI hai| puSyArkadvAdazI-jaba dvAdazI ke dina sUrya puSya nakSatra meM puSpASTamI-zrAvaNa zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA prArambha ho, janArdana kA pUjana karaNIya hai| isase samasta duritoM hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai, isake devatA ziva haiM / yaha kA kSaya hotA hai| eka varSa paryanta calatA hai| prati mAsa bhinna-bhinna puSpoM pUjA--(1) devArcana kI do vidhiyA~ haiM-(1) yAga aura kA upayoga karanA caahie| vibhinna prakAra ke hI naivedya (2) pUjA / agnihotra dvArA arcana karanA yAga athavA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se zivajI ko arpaNa karane caahie| yajJa hai| patra, puSpa, phala, jala dvArA arcana karanA puSyadvAdazI-jaba puSya nakSatra dvAdazI ko par3e tathA candramA pUjA hai| aura guru eka sthAna para hoM aura sUrya kumbha rAzi para ho (2) kinhIM nizcita dravyoM ke sAtha devatAoM ke arcana taba vratI ko brahmA, hari tathA ziva kI athavA akele ko pUjA kahate hai / isameM prAyaH paJcopacAroM kA parigrahaNa vAsudeva kI pUjA karanI caahie| hai, yathA gandha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa tathA naivedya / puSpoM ke sambandha meM kucha nizcita niyama haiM, jo prati devI-devatA puSyavrata-yaha nakSatravrata hai| sUrya ke uttarAyaNa hone para __ kI pUjA meM grAhya athavA agrAhya hai| zivanI para ketakI zukla pakSa meM Rddhi-siddhi kA icchuka vyakti kama se kama puSpa nahIM car3hAyA jAtA, durgAjI kI pUjA meM dUrvA tathA eka rAtri upavAsa rakhe tathA sthAlIpAka (baTaloI bhara sUryapUjA meM bilvapatra niSiddha hai / mahAbhiSeka meM ziva tathA jI athavA cAvala dUdha meM) bnaaye| tadanantara kubera (dhana sUrya ko chor3akara zaGkha se ho jala car3hAyA jAnA caahie| ke devatA) kI pUjA kre| pakAye hae sthAlIpAka meM se vaise sAdhAraNataH sabhI devoM kI pUjA athavA vratoM kI vidhi kucha aMza, jisameM zuddha navanIta kA mizraNa ho, kisI ke samAna hI niyama haiM / de0 vratarAja, 47-49 / brAhmaNa ko khilAyA jAya tathA usase nivedana kiyA jAya pUtakratu-pavitra yajJa karanevAlA eka dhArmika prazrayadAtA, ki vaha 'samRddhirbhavatu' isa mantra kA prati dina japa kara jo Rgveda (8.67,17) meM ullikhita hai tathA spaSTataH aura taba taka japa kare jaba taka agalA puSya nakSatra na A azvamedha kA kartA jAna par3atA hai| jAya / brAhmaNoM kI saMkhyA Ane vAle puSya nakSatroM ke krama pUtanA-rAkSasI, jisakA varNana bhAgavata purANa meM pAyA se bar3hatI jAyegI aura yaha vRddhi pUre varSa hogii| vratI ko jAtA hai / isakA vadha kRSNa ne apane gokulavAsakAla meM kevala prathama puSya nakSatra ke dina upavAsa karane kI Avazya- kiyA thaa| mahAbhArata meM isakA ullekha nahIM hai| katA hai| isa vrata ke pariNAma se vratI ke Upara Rddhi pUtikA-somalatA ke sthAna para vyavahRta hone vAlA eka tathA samRddhiyoM kI varSA hogii| paudhA / taitti0 saM0 ( 2.5,3,5 ) meM isakA ullekha dahI Apastamba dharmasUtra ( 2. 8.20.3-22 ) meM vrata ke jamAne ke sAdhanarUpa meM huA hai / / niSiddha AcaraNoM kI parigaNanA kI gayI hai| kRtyakalpa- pUnA-isakA prAcIna nAma puNyapattana thaa| madhyayugIna taru (399-400) ne unakI vizada vyAkhyA kI hai, hemAdri marAThoM aura pezavAoM ke samaya ke avazeSa yahA~ pAye (2.628) ne bhI aisA hI kiyA hai| jAte haiM / moTA aura mUlA nadiyoM ke saMgama ke pAsa hI

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pUrNa-pUrNAvatAra 413 devamandira hai| nagara meM bhI zrIrAmamandira, lakSmInArAyaNamandira tathA kaI jaina mandira hai| pUnA ke Asa-pAsa bhI kucha darzanIya sthAna haiM, jaise pArvatImandira, AlaMdI, deha, khaMDovA Adi / kAzI kI bhA~ti pUnA bhI saMskRta ke adhyayana-adhyAyana kA kendra hai| Adhunika vizvavidyAlaya tathA prAcya vidyAsaMsthAna Adi kI sthApanA yahA~ huI hai / pUrNabrahma kA paryAya / sRSTi, vikAsa, vivartana tathA anaMka anya parivartanoM aura vikRtiyoM ke hote hue bhI brahma kI pUrNatA naSTa nahIM hotI hai| kauSItaki upaniSad ( 4.8) meM ajAtazatru ne isI siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| bahadAraNyaka upaniSad meM bhI isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana hai / upaniSadvAkya hai : pUrNamadaH pUrNamidaM pUrNAtpUrNamudacyate / pUrNasya pUrNamAdAya pUrNamevAvaziSyate / / [ yaha sArA bAhya jagat pUrNa hai, yaha antaHjagat bhii| pUrNa hai, pUrNa se pUrNa vikasita ho rahA hai| pUrNa se pUrNa nikAla lene para bhI pUrNa hI zeSa rahatA hai ( yaha vicitra sthiti hai )] / pUrNatva-vastusattA ko prakaTa karane vAlA eka guNa / de0 'pUrNa' / pUrNamAsa-pUrNacandra divasa athavA pUrNamAsI parva ke samaya kiyA jAne vAlA yajJa-utsava / yaha pavitra aura Avazyaka karma thA, isakI smRti meM dAna, vrata tathA anya puNya kArya karane kI prathA Aja bhI pracalita hai / pUrNAvatAra-viSNu ke avatAra prAyaH do prakAra ke hote haiM, eka aMzAvatAra evaM dUsarA pUrNAvatAra / kalAoM ke vikAsa athavA bheda se aMzAvatAra aura pUrNAvatAra ke svarUpa tathA kAryoM meM pArthakya hotA hai / aMzAvatAra meM paramezvara kI navIM kalA se paMdraha kalAoM taka kA vikAsa hotA hai| pUrNAvatAra meM solahavIM kalA kA bhI pUrNa vikAsa rahatA hai / AMzika aura pUrNa donoM hI avatAra yadyapi sabhI jIvoM ke kalyANasampAdana ke lie hote haiM kintu pUrNAvatAra meM paramAtmA kI AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika trividha sattAoM kI pUrNatA rahatI hai| aMzAvatAra kI upakAritA evaM upayogitA kevala eka- dezika hotI hai| udAharaNasvarUpa parazurAma, buddha Adi ko samajha sakate haiM, jinakI kAryakAritA ekamukhI athavA ekadezika rahI / pUrNAvatAra bhagavAn zrI kRSNa samajhe jAte haiM, jinake kArya bahuddezIya athabA sattAtraya se paripUrNa evaM sabhI deza aura kAla meM pUrNa the| aMzAvatAra rUpa meM avatarita parazurAma ne uddaNDa kSatriyoM kA binAza kiyA, kintu arAjakatA samApta nahIM ho sakI, ataH turanta hI rAmAvatAra kI AvazyakatA huii| ataH aisA mAnA jA sakatA hai ki aMzAvatArAvatarita daivI zaktiyA~ apUrNa rahatI haiN| ye avatAra kucha samaya ke lie ava sakate haiM, kintu sArvakAlika aura sArvatrika rUpa meM nhiiN| isI prakAra bhagavAn buddha ne bhI ahiMsAvAda kA maNDana kara yajJIya hiMsA kA bhI khaNDana kiyA aura yahA~ taka ki Izvara aura veda kA bhI khaNDana kara tAtkAlika paristhitiyoM ke anusAra sabhI jIvoM kA kalyANa kiyaa| kintu yaha saba kevala sAmayika aura ekadezika hone ke kAraNa Age calakara samApta ho gayA aura isakI pratikriyA ke pariNAmasvarUpa bhagavAn ziva ko zaMkarAcArya ke rUpa meM prakaTa hokara veda aura yajJa kA maNDana tathA bauddhamata ko parAsta karanA par3A / isake viparIta pUrNAvatAra rUpa meM avatarita bhagavAn kRSNa ne saMsAra kA jo kalyANa kiyA, usakI pratikriyA ke lie kisI anya avatAra kI AvazyakatA nahIM huI, yahI pUrNAvatAra kI vizeSatA hai| sabase mahAn vizeSatA yaha hai ki aMzAvatAroM meM kalA ke AMzika vikAsa ke pariNAmasvarUpa eka hI bhAva kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai aura dUsare bhAva evaM jJAna, vicAra Adi kI gauNatA ho jAyA karatI hai| kintu pUrNAvatAra meM isa prakAra kI koI vizeSa bAta nahIM hotI, ye karma, upAsanA, jJAna; ina tInoM kI lIlA se pUrNatayA yukta hI rahate haiN| pUrNAvatAra ko vizeSatA yaha hai ki isameM aizvarya evaM mAdhurya donoM zaktiyoM kA pUrNa rUpa se samAveza rahatA hai / aMzAvatAra meM donoM zaktiyoM kI samAnatA nahIM hotI, kisI meM aizvarya kA prAdhAnya to kisI meM mAdhurya kA prAdhAnya rahatA hai| pUrNa avatAroM meM Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika aura AdhyAtmika pUrNatA hone ke kAraNa unakI vRttiyA~ samAna aura pUrNa sundara hotI haiN| inameM Adhibhautika pUrNatA hone ke kAraNa brahmacarya aura saundarya kI pUrNatA, Adhidaivika pUrNatA hone ke kAraNa zakti aura aizvarya kI pUrNatA, AdhyAtmika pUrNatA hone ke kAraNa jJAna evaM aizvarya kI pUrNatA kA honA

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pUrNAhuti-pUrvamImAMsA svAbhAvika hai| isI kAraNa bhagavAn pUrNabrahma zrI kRSNa adhyAtma, adhidaiva aura adhibhUta tInoM sattAoM se paripUrNa the| pUrNAhati-yajJa samApta hone para jo antima Ahuti dI jAtI hai use pUrNAhati kahate hai| isameM ghRtapUrNa nAriyala, phUla, tAmbUla Adi sruva meM rakhakara vistRta mantrapATha ke sAtha agni meM arpita kiye jAte haiN| pUrNimAvata-(1) samasta pUrNimAoM ko dhUpa, dIpa, puSpa, phala, candana, naivedyAdi se pArvatI umA kI pUjA aura sammAna karanA cAhie / gRhasvAminI kevala rAtri meM bhojana kare, yadi vaha samasta pUrNimAoM ko vrata na kara sake to kama se kama kAtikI pUrNimA ko avazya kre| (2) zrAvaNI pUrNimA ko vratakartA upavAsa rakhe aura indriya nigraha karake 100 bAra prANAyAma saadhe| isase vaha samasta pApoM se mukta ho jaaygaa| (3) kArtikI pUrNimA ke dina mahilAeM apane ghara athavA udyAna kI dIvAra para ziva tathA umA kI AkR- tiyA~ khiiNceN| tadanantara ina donoM devoM kI gandhAkSatapuSpAdi se pUjA karate hue gannA athavA ganne ke rasa se taiyAra vastue~ cddh'aaeN| tilarahita khAdya padArtha nakta vidhi se khAye jaayeN| isa vrata se saubhAgya kI prApti hotI hai| pRthvIvrata-isa vrata meM devI ke rUpa meM pRthvI kA pUjana hotA hai| pUrta-'pUrta' yA 'pUrti' zabda Rgveda (6.16,18; 8.46, 21) tathA anya saMhitAoM meM upahAra kA bodhaka hai, jo purohita ko sevAoM ke badale meM diyA jAtA thaa| Age calakara 'iSTa' ke sAtha isakA prayoga hone lagA, taba isakA artha 'lokopakArI dhArmika kArya-kUpa, bAga, tAlAba, sar3aka, dharmazAlA, pAMthazAlA nirmANa' Adi ho gyaa| iSTa (yajJa) adRSTa phala vAlA hotA hai; pUrta dRSTa phala vAlA / dhArmika kriyA ke ye do pradhAna aGga haiN| pUrvapakSa-tArkika vAda meM pratiyogI siddhAnta kA yaha pUrva athavA prathama pratipAdana hai| uttara pakSa isakA khaNDana karatA hai| pUrvamImAMsA-SaDdarzanoM meM antima yugma 'mImAMsA' ke pUrvamImAMsA tathA uttaramImAMsA ye do bhAga haiN| pUrvamImAMsA yathArthataH darzana nahIM hai; vAstava meM yaha vedoM kI chAnabIna hai, jaisA ki isake nAma se hI prakaTa hai / yaha veda ke prAthamika aMza arthAt yajJa bhAga se sambandha rakhatA hai, jabaki uttaramImAMsA upaniSada bhAga se| upaniSadoM kA veda ke antima aMza se sambandha hone ke kAraNa uttaramImAMsA ko vedAnta bhI kahate haiM tathA pUrvamImAMsA ko karmamImAMsA kahate haiN| pUrvamImAMsA meM vedokta dharma ke viSaya kI khoja tathA karma ke vivecana dvArA hinduoM ke dhArmika kartavya kI sthApanA huI hai| yaha praNAlI yajJakartAoM ke sahAyatArtha sthApita huI thI tathA Aja taka sanAtanI hinduoM meM dvijoM kI mArgadarzaka hai| yaha vedAnta, sAMkhya tathA yoga ke samAna saMnyAsadharma kI zikSA nahIM detii|| pUrvamImAMsAzAstra (sUtra) ke praNetA jaimini RSi haiM / isa para zabara svAmI kA bhASya hai| kumArila bhaTTa ke 'tantravArtika' aura 'zlokavArtika' bhI isakI vyAkhyA ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| mAdhavAcArya ne bhI 'jaiminIya nyAyamAlAvistara' nAmaka eka aisA hI grantha racA hai| mImAMsA zAstra meM yajJoM kA vistRta vivecana hai, isase use yajJavidyA bhI kahate haiN| mImAMsA kA tAtvika siddhAnta vilakSaNa hai| isakI gaNanA anIzvaravAdI darzanoM meM hotI hai| AtmA, brahma, jagat Adi kA vivecana isameM nahIM hai| yaha kevala veda athavA usake zabda kI nityatA kA hI pratipAdana karatA hai / isake anusAra mantra hI devatA haiM, devatAoM kI alaga koI sattA nhiiN| 'bhATTadIpikA' meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki phala ke uddezya se saba karma hote haiN| phala kI prApti karma dvArA hI hotI hai| karma aura unake pratipAdaka vacanoM (vedamantroM) ke atirikta Upara se aura kisI devatA yA Izvara ko mAnane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai| mImAMsakoM aura maiyAyikoM meM bhArI matabheda yaha hai ki mImAMsaka zabda ko nitya mAnate haiM aura naiyAyika anitya / sAMkhya aura mImAMsA donoM anIzvaravAdI haiM, para veda kI prAmANikatA donoM mAnate haiN| bheda itanA hI hai ki sAMkhyAcArya pratyeka kalpa meM veda kA navIna prakAzana mAnate haiM aura mImAMsaka use nitya arthAt kalpAnta meM bhI naSTa na hone vAlA kahate haiN| isa zAstra kA 'pUrvamImAMsA' nAma isa abhiprAya se nahIM rakhA gayA ki yaha uttaramImAMsA se pUrva banA / 'pUrva' kahane kA tAtparya yaha hai ki karmakANDa manuSya kA prathama dharma hai, jJAnakANDa kA adhikAra usake uparAnta AtA hai /

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pUrvamImAMsAsUtra-periyatiruvandAdi 415 pUrvamImAMsAsUtra-isakI racanA I0 pU0 pA~cavIM-cauthI gayA hai| inakA eka viruda 'vainya' arthAt vena kA putra hai| zatAbdI meM jaimini RSi dvArA mAnI jAtI hai / yaha bAraha inheM prathama abhiSikta rAjA kahA gayA hai / purANoM meM pRthu adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| vividha viSaya adhikaraNoM meM kI kathA kA vistAra se varNana hai| rAjya kI utpatti ke vibhakta haiN| sampUrNa adhikaraNoM kI saMkhyA nau sau sApta sambandha meM yaha kathA kahI gayI hai / brahmA ne rAjya saMcA(907) hai| pratyeka adhikaraNa meM kaI sUtra hai| samasta lana ke lie eka saMhitA banAyI, parantu isakA upayoga sUtroM kI saMkhyA do hajAra sAta sau paiMtAlIsa (2745) karane ke lie kisI puruSa kI bAvazyakatA thii| viSNu ne hai / pratyeka adhikaraNa meM pA~ca bhAga hote haiM-(1) viSaya apane teja se virAja kI utpatti kii| kintu virAja (2) saMzaya (3) pUrva pakSa (4) uttara pakSa (5) siddhAnta / aura usake chaH vaMzajoM ne rAjya karane se inkAra kara grantha ke tAtparyanirNaya ke lie (1) upakrama (2) upa- diyA / vena anyAyI rAjA huaa| kruddha RSiyoM ne rAjasaMhAra (3) abhyAsa (4) apUrvatA (navInatA) (5) phala sabhA meM hI usakA vadha kara diyA evaM usakI dAhinI (uddezya) (6) arthavAda (mAhAtmya) aura (7) upapatti bhujA kA manthana karake pRthu ko utpanna kiyaa| pRthu ne (pramANoM dvArA siddhi) ye sAta bAteM Avazyaka haiN| nyAyapUrvaka prajA pAlana kI pratijJA kii| viSNa, devapUrvAcika-sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya saMhitA ke pUrvAcika tAoM, RSiyoM aura dikSAloM ne unakA rAjyAbhiSeka aura uttarAcika do bhAga haiN| pahale bhAga meM grAmyagIta kiyA / saMsAra ne pRthu kI nara devatAoM meM gaNanA kI aura evaM araNyagIta haiM, dUsare bhAga meM UhagIta tathA uhyagIta devatA ke samAna unakI pujA kii| pRthu Adarza rAjA ke saMgRhIta haiN| pratIka mAne jAte haiN| pUrvAha-dina ke prathama ardha bhAga kA bodhaka zabda / deva pRthuzravA daurezravasa-yaha dUrezravA kA Atmaja thA, kArya ke lie yaha kAla upayukta mAnA gayA hai| jisakA ullekha paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (25.15.3) meM nAgayajJa pRthivI (pRthivi, pRthvI)-yaha zabda bhUmi evaM vistIrNa ke ke eka udgAtA purohita ke rUpa meM huA hai| artha meM Rgveda meM prayukta huA hai / pazcAt isakA vyaktI pRthvIcanda-sikkhoM ke eka upaguru / khAlasA saMsthA kI karaNa eka devI ke rUpa meM ho gyaa| isakA uparyukta arthoM utpatti se sikkha do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gaye : (1) sahijameM prayoga akele tathA dyau (AkAza) ke sAtha 'dyAvA dhArI tathA (2) siMha / sahijadhAriyoM kI chaH zAkhAe~ pRthvo' ke rUpa meM huA hai / isa rUpa meM cAvA-pRthivI samasta devatAoM ke janaka-jananI haiN| aitareya brAhmaNa ke anusAra huIM, jinameM 1738 vi0 (lagabhaga) meM guru rAmadAsa ke pRthivI samudra kI mekhalA dhAraNa karatI hai / zatapatha brA0 meM putra pRthvIcanda ne 'mina' nAmaka zAkhA kI nIMva ddaalii| pRthivI ko 'sRSTijyeSTha' aura 'prathamasRSTi' kahA gayA hai| pRdAku-athavavada meM uddhRta eka sapa / azvamedha ke baliatharvaveda kA pRthvIsUkta prasiddha hai, isameM pathivI ko mAtA pazuoM kI tAlikA meM yaha bhI sammilita hai| atharvaveda aura manuSyoM ko usakA putra kahA gayA hai| purANoM meM pathivI (1.27,1) ke anusAra isakA carma vizeSa mUlyavAna kA pUrA vyaktIkaraNa yA daivIkaraNa haA hai| pathivI prAyaH hotA thaa| gorUpa meM citrita hai, vaha Rta aura satya kI sAkSI aura pRzni-Rgveda meM varNita bAdalarUpI gAya / marutoM ko rudra mAnavacaritra kI nirIkSikA hai| tathA pRzni ( gau ) kA putra kahA gayA hai| vAstava meM prAtaHkAla uThate hI dhArmika hindU pathivI kI nimnA vibhinna raMgoM ke jhaMjhAvAtI bAdaloM kA yaha nAma hai / Gkita mantra se prArthanA karatA hai : puSat-azvamedha ke balipazuoM kI tAlikA meM ullikhita samudravasane devi ! parvatastanamaNDale / eka pazu / nirukta ( 2.2 ) meM isakA artha 'citakabarA viSNupatni namastubhyaM pAdasparza kSamasva me / / hariNa' batAyA gayA hai| pRthu (pRthi, pRthI)-Adya vyavasthApaka aura zAsaka / periyatiruvandAdi-namma AlavAra ke granthoM meM se, jo inakA vizeSa karake kRSi ke anusandhAtA tathA donoM vizvoM cAroM vedoM ke pratinidhi haiM, 'periyatiruvandAdi' atharvaveda (manuSya tathA pazuoM) ke svAmI ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA kA pratinidhitva karatA hai /

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paiGgarAja-prakaraNagrantha paMGgarAja-azvamedha yajJa ke balipazuoM meM se eka jantu / paulkasa-bRhadAraNyaka u0 meM isa zabda kA ullekha cANDAla yaha pakSI artha kA bodhaka hai kintu pakSI ke prakAra kA jJAna evaM ghRNita jAti ke sadasyoM ke lie huA hai / smRtiyoM ke isase nahIM hotaa| anusAra pulkasa niSAda athavA zUdra pitA tathA kSatriyakanyA paiGgala upaniSad -eka paravartI upaniSad / kA putra hai| isakI gaNanA varNasaMkara jAtiyoM meM kI gayI paiThaNa-prAcIna pratiSThAna nagara, jo auraMgAbAda ( mahA hai / kintu paulkasa eka jAti ho sakatI hai / saMbhavataH yaha rASTra ) se battIsa mIla dUra hai| yaha zAlivAhana kI vanya jAti hai, jo jaMgalI jantuoM ko pakar3ane kA kAma kara rAjadhAnI aura mahArASTra kA prAcIna vidyAkendra bhI thaa| apanI jIvikA calAtI thii| yahIM saMta ekanAtha kA vAsasthAna evaM unake ArAdhya pauSkarasa-taittirIya prAtizAkhya meM ullikhita eka AcArya / bhagavAna kA mandira hai| kahate haiM ki yahIM godAvarI ke pauSTika-jIvana kI puSTi ke lie kiyA huA dhArmika nAgaghATa para saMta jJAnezvara ne bhaiMse ke mukha se vedamantroM kRtya pauSTika kahalAtA hai| bRhatsaMhitA meM sAMvatsara kA uccAraNa karAyA thaa| prasiddha saMta kRSNadayArNava ( jyotiSI) kI yogyatA tathA sAmarthya kI parigaNanA kA ghara bhI yahIM hai| karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki use zAntika tathA pauSTika paippalAda ( zAkhA )-atharvaveda kI eka prAcIna zAkhA / kriyAoM meM pAraGgata honA cAhie / donoM kRtyoM meM antara isake mantrapATha kI hastalikhita pratilipi 1930 yaha hai ki pauSTika kAryoM meM homa, yajJa, yAgAdi kRtya Ate vi0 meM kazmIra se prApta haI thii| zaunaka zAkhA se haiM jo dIrghAyu kI prApti ke lie hote haiM; zAntika kRtyoM isakI mantravyavasthA meM paryApta antara hai| paippalAda meM homAdi kA Ayojana duSTa grahoM ke prabhAva ko dUra karane saMhitA kA AThavA~ tathA navA~ bhAga nayA jAna par3atA hai, tathA asAdhAraNa ghaTanAoM, jaise pucchala tAre ke udaya, bhUjo na to sAMkhyAyana meM, na kisI aura vaidika saMgraha meM kampa athavA ulkAoM ke patana se hone vAle aniSTa upalabdha hai / de0 'pippalAda' / ke nivAraNArtha kiyA jAtA hai| nirNayAmRta, 48 tathA pokripakrovai-tamila zaivoM ke caudaha siddhAntazAstroM meM kRtyakalpataru ke naityakAlika kANDa, 254 ke anusAra se eka 'pokripakrodai' hai| isake racayitA umApati 'zAnti' kA tAtparya hai dharmazAstrAnusAra bhautika vipadAoM zivAcArya haiM, jo caudaha siddhAntazAstroM meM se ATha ke ke nivAraNArtha kiye gaye zAstrAnumodita dhArmika kRtya / racayitA haiN| pauSkarasaMhitA-pAJcarAtra sAhitya meM 108 saMhitAoM kA poMgalamAsa-tamila pradeza kA eka vizeSa vratotsava / mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inameM se pauSkara, vArAha tathA brAhma mahArASTra ke gaNezotsava, baGgAla ke durgotsava, uDIsA saMhitAe~ sabase prAcIna haiN| kintu kucha vidvAn padmasaMhitA kI rathayAtrA ke samAna draviDa pradeza meM 'poMgalamAsa' parva ko tathA kucha lakSmIsaMhitA ko prAcIna mAnate haiM / kA bar3e utsAha se Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha pauSyaji-sAmaveda kI zAkhAparamparA meM sukarmA ke ziSya uttara bhArata kI makara saMkrAnti yA 'khicar3I' kA dUsarA pauSyaji mAne jAte haiN| inake hiraNyanAbha aura rAjaputra kauzikya nAma ke do ziSya the| pauSyaji ne paurandarakta--purandara (indra) kA vrata / paJcamI ko isakA una donoM ko pAMca-pAMca sau sAmagItiyA~ pddh'aayoN| anuSThAna hotA hai / vratI ko tila kI gajaka yA tilapaTTI hiraNyanAbha ke ziSya prAcyasAmaga nAma se vikhyAta hue / se hAthI kI AkRti banAkara use suvarNa se alaMkRta karanA prakaraNaprantha -- smRti sAhitya kA eka vyAvahArika prakAra cAhie tathA usa para aMkuza sahita mahAvata bhI biThAnA prakaraNa grantha kahalAtA hai| isakI racanA kA uddezya cAhie / hAthI indra kA vAhana hai| usako rakta vastra se mImAMsA ke siddhAntoM ko smRtigranthoM meM varNita kriyAoM AcchAdita karake karNAbhUSaNa tathA svaccha dhauta vastroM sahita para lAgU karanA thaa| yaha mukhyataH mImAMsA kA hI eka dAna meM de denA caahie| isase vratI indraloka meM bahuta aGga hai / prakaraNagranthoM meM sabase prAcIna evaM mukhya smRtisamaya taka vAsa karatA hai| kaustubha hai / isake racayitA anantadeva the|

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prakaraNapaJcikA-prakRtipuruSavrata 417 prakaraNapaJcikA-prabhAkara ke ziSya zAlikanAtha (700 I0) vedAntasiddhAntamuktAvalI vedAnta kA suprasiddha pramANa dvArA viracita yaha grantha prabhAkara kI mImAMsApraNAlI kA grantha hai| isakI vivecanazailI bahuta yuktiyukta aura abhinava varNana prastuta karatA hai / prAJjala hai| isameM gadya meM vicAra karake padya meM siddhAntaprakaritA-yajurveda meM uddhRta puruSamedha kA eka balijIva / / nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isake Upara appayya dIkSita kI isakA ThIka artha anizcita hai / taittirIya brAhmaNa meM sAyaNa siddhAntadIpikA' nAma kI eka vRtti hai| ne isakA artha 'mitroM meM phUTa utpanna kara dene vAlA' prakAzAnubhava-de0 'prakAzAtmamuni' / lagAyA hai, kintu maikaDaoNnala tathA kItha ke matAnusAra prakRti-sAMkhya zAstra meM cAra prakAra se padArthoM kA nirUpaNa isakA artha 'chir3akane vAlA' athavA 'chAnane vAlA' yantra kiyA gayA hai : (1) kevala prakRti (2) kevala vikRti, hai, jisakA upayoga yajJoM meM hotA thaa| (3) prakRti-vikRti ubhayarUpa aura (4) prakRti-vikRti donoM prakAza-AcArya vallabha ke puSTimArgIya tIna saMskRta granthoM se bhinna / mUla prakRti kevala prakRti hai, kisI kI vikRti meM eka tattvadIpanibandha hai, jo unake siddhAntoM kA nahIM hai| mahat se Arambha honevAle sAta tattva prakRti aura saMkSipta vivaraNa prastuta karatA hai| isa grantha ke sAtha vikRti donoM haiM / jJAnendriya, karmendriya, pAMca mahAbhUta aura 'prakAza' nAmaka prAJjala gadya bhAga evaM satraha saMkSipta mana ye solaha kevala vikRti haiN| puruSa na to prakRti hai, na racanAe~ sammilita haiN| vikRti hai| prakAzAtmamuni-bArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM AcArya __mahadAdi sampUrNa kAryoM kA jo mUla hai vaha mUla prakRti rAmAnuja kA AvirbhAva huA thA aura unhoMne zAGkara mata hai, usake pradhAna, mAyA, avyakta Adi nAmAntara haiN| kA bar3e kaThora zabdoM meM khaNDana kiyaa| usa samaya zAGkara prakRti kA aura koI kAraNa nahIM hai isI lie isako mUla mata ko puSTa karane kI ceSTA prakAzAtmamuni ne kI thii| prakRti kahA jAtA hai| inhoMne padmapAdAcAryakRta paJcapAdikA para paJcapAdikA- prakRti aura puruSa donoM ko sAMkhya meM anAdi mAnA vivaraNa nAmaka TIkA kI racanA kii| advaita jagat meM jAtA hai| isI prakRti se sampUrNa jagat kA vikAsa huA yaha TIkA bahuta mAnya hai / bAda ke AcAryoM ne prakAzAtma- hai| prakRti kI 'sat-tA' (sadA honA) kAraNa (mUla) hai; muni ke vAkya pramANa ke rUpa meM uddhRta kiye haiN| parantu isase kArya jagat udbhUta huA hai| isa siddhAnta ko inhoMne apanA paricaya kahIM nahIM diyaa| aisA mAlUma __'satkAryavAda' kahate haiM / eka hI mUla prakRti se vizva ke hotA hai ki ye dasavIM zatAbdI ke bAda aura terahavIM vividha padArtha utpanna hote haiM / isakA kAraNa hai prakRti meM zatAbdI ke pahale hue the / inakA anya nAma prakAzAnubhava tIna guNoM-sattva, raja, tama kA honA / vividha anupAtoM meM bhI thA aura inake guru kA nAma ananyAnubhava thA, aisA / inhIM ke sammizraNa se vibhinna vastue~ utpanna hotI haiN| inake grantha se patA calatA hai| vikAsaprakriyA usa samaya prArambha hotI hai jaba prakRti kA prakAzAtmayati-de0 'prkaashaatmmuni'| puruSa se sambandha hotA hai| kintu isa prakriyA meM Izvara prakAzAtmA-eka prasiddha vRttikAra / inhoMne zvetAzvatara evaM kA koI bhI hAtha nahIM hai / puruSa ko prasanna aura mugdha . maitrAyaNIyopaniSad para dArzanika vRttiyA~ likhI hai| karane ke lie prakRti apanA kArya prArambha karatI hai / jaba prakAzAnanda-vedAntasiddhAntamuktAvalI grantha ke rcyitaa| puruSa prAjJa hokara apanA svarUpa pahacAna letA hai taba prakRti inake garu AcArya jJAnAnanda the| appayya dIkSita saMkucita hokara apanI lIlA sameTa letI hai / ne 'siddhAntaleza' meM inake mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| ye prakRti-puruSavrata-caitra zukla pratipadA ko yaha prArambha hotA vidyAraNya ke paravartI the, kyoMki vedAntasiddhAntamuktA- hai| isameM upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| puruSasUkta se gandhAdi valI meM kahIM-kahIM inhoMne 'paJcadazI' ke padyoM ko uddhRta sahita agnideva kA pUjana karanA cAhie / agni tathA kiyA hai| ataH inakA jIvana kAla pandrahavIM zatAbdI soma ke rUpa meM puruSa tathA prakRti pUje jAne caahie| ve honA caahie| isake sivA inakI jIvana sambandhI aura hI vAsudeva tathA lakSmI bhI hai| zrIsukta se lakSmI kA koI ghaTanA nahIM kahI jA sktii| pUjana honA cAhie / suvarNa, rajata tathA tAmra kA dAna

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418 pragAtha-praNava karanA caahie| vratI ko ghI tathA dUdha kA hI AhAra utpatti kI tathA usameM bIjAropaNa kiyaa| yaha eka svarNakaranA cAhie / eka varSa paryanta isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| aNDa bana gayA, jisase ve svayaM hI brahmA athavA hiraNyagarbha isase vratI kI sabhI sAMsArika icchAe~ pUrNa hotI haiM tathA ke rUpa meM utpanna hue| kintu dUsare matAnusAra (Rgveda, anta meM vaha mokSa mArga kA adhikArI hotA hai| puruSasUkta 10.80) prArambha meM puruSa thA tathA usI se pragAtha-RgvedIya aSTama maNDala kI viziSTa chandobaddha vizva utpanna huaa| vaha puruSa devatA nArAyaNa kahalAyA, jo zatapatha brAhmaNa meM puruSa ke sAtha uddhRta hai| isa rcnaa| aitareya AraNyaka meM yaha nAma Rgveda ke ukta prakAra nArAyaNa manu ke uparyukta uddharaNa ke brahmA ke sadRza maNDala ke racanAkAroM ko diyA gayA hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki prayAtha chanda unako atyanta priya thaa| hai| kintu sAdhAraNataH nArAyaNa tathA viSNu eka mAne vastutaH pragAtha vaidika chanda kA nAma hai, jisakI prathama jAte haiN| paMkti meM bRhatI athavA kakupa aura phira satobRhatI kI phira bhI sRSTi evaM bhAgya kI racanA brahmA dvArA huI, mAtrAe~ rakhI jAtI haiN| aisA vizvAsa atyanta prAcIna kAla se aba taka calA AyA hai| prajApati-vaidika granthoM meM varNita eka bhAvAtmaka devatA, prajApativrata-niyamapUrvaka santAnotpatti hI prajApativrata jo prajA arthAt sampUrNa jIvadhAriyoM ke svAmI haiM / brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva kA hindU dharma meM mahattvapUrNa ucca sthAna hai / praznopaniSad (1.13 tathA 15) meM yaha kathana hai : 'divasa hI prANa hai, rAtri prajApati kA bhojana hai| jo hai / ina tInoM ko milAkara vimUrti kahate haiN| brahmA sRSTi karane vAle, viSNu pAlana karane vAle tathA ziva (rudra) loga dina meM sahavAsa karate haiM, ve mAno prANoM para hI saMhAra karane vAle kahe jAte haiM / vAstava meM eka hI zakti AkramaNa karate hai aura jo loga rAta meM sahavAsa karate haiM, ve mAno brahmacarya vrata kA pAlana karate haiN| jo loga prajAke ye tIna rUpa hai| inameM brahmA ko prajApati, pitAmaha, hiraNyagarbha Adi nAmoM se vedoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM abhihita pativrata kA AcaraNa karate haiM, ve (eka putra tathA eka kiyA gayA hai| inakA svarUpa dhArmika kI apekSA kAlpa putrI ke rUpa meM) santAnotpAdana karate haiN|' nika adhika hai| isI lie ye janatA ke dhArmika vicAroM prajJA-prakRSTa jJAna yA buddhi / anubhUti athavA antardRSTi ko vizeSa prabhAvita nahIM krte| yadyapi pracalita dharma meM se vAstavika sattA-AtmA athavA paramAtmA ke sambandha viSNu tathA ziva ke bhaktoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai, kintu meM jo jJAna utpanna hotA hai, vAstava meM vahI prajJA hai| tInoM devoM; brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva ko samAna pada prApta hai, prajJAna-prakhara buddhi athavA cetanA / de0 'prajJA' / jo trimUrti ke siddhAnta meM lagabhaga pAMcavIM zatAbdI se hI praNava-pavitra ghoSa athavA zabda (pra + Nu stavane + ap) / mAnya ho cukA hai| brAhmaNa granthoM ke anusAra prajApati kI isakA pratIka rahasyavAdI pavitra akSara 'OM' hai aura isakA kalpanA meM matAntara hai; kabhI ve sRSTi ke sAtha utpanna pUrNa vistAra 'o3m' rUpa meM hotA hai| yaha zabda brahma kA batAye gaye hai, kabhI unhIM se saSTi kA vikAsa kahA gayA bodhaka hai; jisase yaha vizva utpanna hotA hai, jisameM sthita hai| kabhI unheM brahmA kA sahAyaka deva batAyA gayA hai / rahatA hai aura jisameM isakA laya ho jAtA hai| yaha vizva paravartI paurANika kathanoM meM bhI yahI (dvitIya) vicAra nAma-rUpAtmaka hai, usameM jitane padArtha haiM inakI abhipAyA jAtA hai| brahmA kA udbhava brahma se huA, jo prathama vyakti varNoM athavA akSaroM se hotI hai / jitane bhI varNa kAraNa hai, tathA dUsare matAnusAra brahmA tathA brahma eka hI haiM ve a (kaNThya svara) aura m (oSThya vyaJjana) ke bIca haiM, jabaki brahmA ko * 'svayambhU' yA aja ( ajanmA) uccarita hote haiM / isa prakAra 'om' sampUrNa vizva kI kahate haiN| abhivyakti, sthiti aura pralaya kA dyotaka hai / yaha pavitra sarvasAdhAraNa dvArA yaha mAnya vicAra, jaisA manu (1.5) aura mAGgalika mAnA jAtA hai isalie kAryArambha aura meM uddhRta hai, yaha hai ki svayambhU kI utpatti kAryAnta meM yaha uccArita athavA aGkita hotA hai / vAjaprArambhika andhakAra se huI, phira unhoMne ne jala kI saneyI saMhitA, taittirIya saMhitA, muNDakopaniSad tathA

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praNava upaniSad-pratyakSa rAmatApanIya upaniSad meM 'om' ke artha aura mahatva kA vizada vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| praNava upaniSad - eka paravartI upaniSad, jisameM praNava kA nirUpaNa aura mAhAtmya pAyA jAtA hai / praNavadarpaNa - tRtIya zrInivAsa (aThArahavIM zatI pUrvArdha meM) dvArA racita yaha grantha viziSTAdvaita mata kA samarthana karatA hai / praNavavAda- - isa siddhAnta ke anusAra zabda athavA nAda ko hI brahma yA antima tatva mAnakara usakI upAsanA kI jAtI hai| kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI yogasAdhanA ke abhyAsI zabda kI upAsanA karate haiN| yaha praNAlI ati prAcIna hai| praNava ke rUpa meM isakA mUla vedamantroM meM vartamAna hai / isakA prAcIna nAma 'sphoTavAda' bhI hai / chaThI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga siddhayogI bhartRhari ne prasiddha grantha vAkyapadIya meM 'zabdAdvaitavAda' kA pravartana kiyA thA / nAtha sampradAya meM bhI zabda kI upAsanA para jora diyA gayA hai / caranadAsI panca meM bhI zabda kA prAdhAnya hai| Adhunika saMtamArgI rAdhAsvAmI satsaMgI loga zabda ko hI upAsanA karate haiN| praNavopAsanA-de0 'praNavavAda' | praNAmI sampradAya - isakA zuddha nAma 'pariNAmI sampradAya' hai / isake pravartaka mahAtmA prANanAthajI pariNAmavAdI vedAntI the, jo vizeSa kara pannA (madhya pradeza) meM rahate the / mahArAja chatrasAla inheM apanA guru mAnate the| ye apane ko musala mAnoM kA meheMdI, IsAiyoM kA masIhA aura hinduoM kA kalki avatAra kahate the / inhoMne musalamAnoM se zAstrArtha bhI kiye the| sarvadharma samanvaya inakA uddezya thA inakA mata rAdhAkRSNopAsaka nimbArkIya vaiSNavoM se milatAjulatA thaa| ye golokavAsI bhagavAn kRSNa ke sakhyabhAva kI upAsanA kA upadeza dete the / prANanAthajI ne upadezAtmaka grantha aura siddhAntAtmaka vANiyA~ phArasI mizrita sapukkar3I bhASA meM racI haiN| inakI ziSya paramparA kA bhI acchA sAhitya hai / inake anugAmI vaiSNava gujarAta, rAjasthAna aura bundelakhaNDa meM adhika pAye jAte haiM / de0 'prANanAtha' | pratijJAvAdArtha - zrIvaiSNava anantAcArya dvArA viracita 16vIM zatAbdI kA eka grantha / pratiprasthAtA - brAhmaNa granthoM meM yajJa vidhiyoM, purohitoM kI saMkhyA tathA prakAra meM bahuta vividhatA dikhAI par3atI hai / 419 vividha yajJoM ke lie vividha nAma va guNoM vAle purohita Avazyaka hote the / jaise cAturmAsya yajJa ke lie 'pratiprasthAtA' nAmaka purohita kI AvazyakatA hotI thI / isakA zAbdika artha hai ' dubArA sthApanA karane vAlA / ' pratiSThA - ( 1 ) vizeSa prakAra se sthApanA / mandiroM meM mUrtiyoM ke padharAne ko pratiSThA kahA jAtA hai / devapratiSThA ke antargata prANapratiSThA kA bhI anuSThAna hotA hai / (2) atharvaveda (6.32, 38.8, 21 zAkhA0 A0 12.14) ke eka pariccheda meM isa zabda kA prayoga dharma ke kisI vizeSa artha meM huA hai| sambhavataH isakA 'mandira kA garbhagRha' abhiprAya hai / gRha athavA vAsa artha bhI asaMgata nahIM pratIta hotA hai| pratiSThA vidhi - devapratiSThA ke samaya, parva aura ApatkAla meM niyamita rUpa se mUrtiyoM kA abhiSeka karanA mandiroM meM Aja bhI pracalita hai| isake niyama aneka paddhatiyoM meM likhe gaye haiM jinheM pUjAvidhi athavA pratiSThAvidhi kahate haiN| abhiSeka vizeSakara dugdha athavA bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke jala, madhu, gavya dravya, dImaka ke bila kI miTTI Adi se bhI hotA hai / pratisarga-purANoM ke antargata unake pakSa lakSaNa, viSaya vA praka raNa mAne gaye haiM: (1) sarga (sRSTi) (2) pratisarga arthAt sRSTi kA vistAra laya aura phira se sRSTi (3) sRSTi kI Adi vaMzAvalI ( 4 ) manvantara ( 5 ) vaMzAnucarita / pratisarga kA zAbdika artha hai 'punaH sRSTi' arthAt vizvasRSTi ke antargata khaNDazaH sRSTi aura pralaya kI paramparA / pratihartA - solaha RtvijoM kI tAlikA meM uta udgAtA kA sahAyaka purohita / isakA ullekha kaI saMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM huA hai kintu Rgveda meM yaha zabda nahIM pAyA jAtA / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki taba taka yajJoM kA adhika vistAra nahIM huA thA / pratihArasUtra - Rk mantra ko sAma meM pariNata karane kI vidhi ke sambandha meM sAmaveda ke bahuta se sUtragrantha haiM / inameM se eka kA nAma paJcavidhisUtra tathA dUsare kA prati hArasUtra haiM / ye grantha kAtyAyana dvArA racita kahalAte haiM / pratyakSa -- indriyoM kI sahAyatA se prApta jJAna (prati + akSa A~khoM (indriyoM) ke sAmane) nyAyadarzana meM cAra pramANoM ke antargata isako prathama pramANa mAnA hai / cAvaki darzana meM =

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pratyabhijJA-pradoSavrata pratyakSa ko hI eka mAtra pramANa mAnate hue anumAna, upa- sthAnoM ke cAroM ora calakara kI jAtI hai| kAzI meM mAna, zabda Adi anya pramANoM kA pratyAkhyAna kiyA aisI hI pradakSiNA ke lie pavitra mArga hai jisameM yahA~ ke jAtA hai| sabhI puNyasthala ghire hue haiM aura jisa para yAtrI calakara pratyabhijJA-tattA-idantAvagAhI' jJAna; sudIrghakAlika prayAsa kAzI dhAma kI pradakSiNA karate haiN| aise hI pradakSiNAse bichur3e hue ko pahacAnanA / kAzmIra zaiva mata meM bhakta kA __mArga mathurA, ayodhyA, prayAga, citrakUTa Adi meM haiN| mokSa ziva ke sAtha tAdAtmya arthAta pratyabhijJA nAmaka pradakSiNA kI prathA ati prAcIna hai| vaidika kAla se sthiti para nirbhara hai| yaha usa avasthA kA nAma hai jaba hI isase vyaktiyoM, devamUrtiyoM, pavitra sthAnoM ko prabhAvita bhakta ko dhyAna meM zakti ke mAdhyama se ziva kI anubhUti karane yA sammAnapradarzana kA kArya samajhA jAtA rahA hai| hotI hai / isa zabda kI vyutpatti hai 'prati + abhi + jJA', zatapatha brAhmaNa meM yajJamaNDapa ke cAroM ora sAtha meM jisakA artha hai jAnanA, pahacAnanA, smaraNa karanA / pratya jalatA aGgAra lekara pradakSiNA karane ko kahA gayA hai| bhijJAdarzana ke sandarbha meM isakA artha hai 'jIva aura brahma gRhyasUtroM meM gRhanirmANa ke nizcita kiye gaye sthAna ke cAroM ke tAdAtmya kA jnyaan'| ora jala chir3akate hue evaM mantra uccAraNa karate hue tIna pratyabhijJAkArikA-dasavIM zatAbdI meM utpalAcArya dvArA bAra ghUmane kI vidhi likhI gayI hai| manusmRti meM vivAha viracita yaha grantha somAnandaracita 'zivadRSTi' grantha kii| ke samaya vadhU ko agni ke cAroM ora tIna bAra pradakSiNA zikSAoM kI vyAkhyA upasthita karatA hai / karane kA vidhAna batalAyA gayA hai| pratyabhijJAdarzana-eka dArzanika sampradAya / isake anuyAyI pradakSiNA kA prAthamika kAraNa tathA sAdhAraNa dhArmika kAzmIraka zaiva hote haiM / isake anusAra mahezvara hI jagat vicAra sUrya kI dainika cAla se nirgata huA hai| jisa ke kAraNa aura kArya sabhI kucha haiM / yaha saMsAra mAtra ziva- taraha sUrya prAtaH pUrva meM nikalatA hai, dakSiNa ke mArga se maya hai| mahezvara hI jJAtA aura jJAnasvarUpa haiN| ghaTa calakara pazcima meM asta ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra hindU paTAdi kA jJAna bhI zivasvarUpa hai| isa darzana ke anu dhArmika vicArakoM ne tadanurUpa apane dhArmika kRtya ko sAra pUjA, pATha, japa, tapa Adi kI koI AvazyakatA bAdhA vighna vihIna bhAva se sampAdanArtha pradakSiNA karane nahIM, kevala isa pratyabhijJA athavA jJAna kI AvazyakatA hai kA vidhAna kiyaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM pradakSiNAmantraki jIva aura Izvara eka haiN| isa jJAna kI prApti hI svarUpa kahA bhI gayA hai : "sUrya ke samAna yaha hamArA pavitra mukti hai| jIvAtmA-paramAtmA meM jo bheda dIkhatA hai vaha kArya pUrNa ho|" bhrama hai| isa darzana ke mAnane vAloM kA vizvAsa hai ki pradatta-paramparAnusAra dvApara yuga ke anta meM AlavAroM ke jisa manuSya meM jJAna aura kriyAzakti hai, vahI parame- tIna AcArya hae-poihe, pradana evaM pe / pradatta kA janma zvara hai| tiruvannamalAyI (zrIanantapuram ) nAmaka sthAna meM pratyabhijJAvizinI-yaha dasavIM zatAbdI ke AcArya abhi- huA thA / nava gupta dvArA likhita grantha hai| yaha 'pratyabhijJAkArikA' pradiva-atharvaveda (18.2.48) meM ise tIsarA tathA sabase para likhA gayA bhASya hai| U~cA svarga kahA gayA hai, jisameM pitRgaNa rahate haiM / pratyabhijJAvivRtivizinI-AcArya abhinava gupta (10vIM kauSItaki brAhmaNa (20.1) meM sAta svargoM kI tAlikA zatAbdI) dvArA likhita eka vistRta TIkA, jo 'pratya- meM ise paJcama kahA gayA hai| bhijJAkArikA' ke Upara hai| pradoSavrata-trayodazI ko saMdhyAkAla ke prathama prahara meM isa pradakSiNA-kisI vastu ko apanI dAhinI ora rakhakara vata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| jo isa samaya bhagavAna ziva ghuumnaa| yaha SoDazopacAra pUjana kI eka mahattvapUrNa kI pratimA kA darzana karatA hai tathA unake caraNoM meM kucha dhArmika kriyA hai jo pavitra vastuoM, mandiroM tathA pavitra nivedana karatA hai, vaha samasta saMkaToM aura pApoM se mukta

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manas pradyumna-prabodhacandrodaya 421 ho jAtA hai / isa vrata meM pUjA ke anantara ekabhakta (eka jAtI hai, jo bilkula niSkriya rahatA hai aura use mA~ (billI) bAra bhojana) kiyA jAtA hai| apane mukha meM dabAkara calatI hai (vaiDAlI dhRti) / etadartha pradyumna-mahAbhArata ke nArAyaNIyopAkhyAna meM varNita catu- inheM 'markaTa-nyAya' tathA 'mArjAra-nyAya' ke hAsyAspada nAmoM yUM hasiddhAnta ke antargata vAsudeva se saMkarSaNa, saMkarSaNa se se bhI loga pukArate haiN| donoM ke prati upAsya deva kI pradyumna, pradyumna se aniruddha tathA aniruddha se brahmA kI dRSTi kramazaH 'sahetuka kRpA' tathA 'nirhetuka kRpA' ko rahatI utpatti mAnI gayI hai / sAMkhyadarzana meM saMkarSaNa tathA anya hai| isakI tulanA pAzcAtya dhArmika vicArakoM kI 'sahatIna kA nimnAGkita tattvoM se tAdAtmya kiyA gayA hai : yogI kRpA' tathA 'svataH anivArya kRpA' ke sAtha kI jA vAsudeva : mUlatattva (para brahma) sakatI hai| saMkarSaNa : mahattattva prakRti jo vyakti prapattimArga grahaNa kara letA hai use 'prapanna' pradyumna : athavA zaraNAgata kahate haiN| prapatti mArga ke upadezakoM aniruddha : ahaGkAra kA kahanA hai ki Izvara para nirantara ekatAna dhyAna kendrita brahmA: bhUtoM ke rcyitaa| karanA ( jisakI bhaktimArga meM AvazyakatA hai aura jo vAsudeva kRSNa kA nAma hai, saMkarSaNa athavA balarAma mukti kA sAdhana hai) manuSya kI sarvopari zAnta vRtti unake bhAI haiM, pradyamna unake putra tathA aniruddha unake aura viveka kI tIvratA se hI sambhava hai, jisameM adhikAMza pautroM meM se eka haiN| inakA eka sAmUhika puJja bnaa| manuSya khare nahIM utara sakate / isalie Izvara ne apanI liyA gayA aura usakA 'vyUha' nAma rakha diyA gayA hai| karuNAzIlatA ke kAraNa prapatti kA mArga prakaTa kiyA hai, de0 'vyUha' / jisameM binA kisI vizeSa prayAsa ke AtmasamarpaNa kiyA prapaJcamithyAtvAnumAnakhaNDanaTIkA-yaha mAdhva vaiSNava jaya- jA sakatA hai| isameM kisI jAti, varNa athavA vaMza kI tIrthAcArya dvArA viracita dvaitavAdI tArkika grantha hai| apekSA nahIM hai / yadyapi yaha mArga dakSiNa bhArata meM pracaisakA racanAkAla pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai| lita rahA hai, kintu isakA pracAra paravartI kAla meM uttara prapajacamithyAvAdakhaNDana-madhvAcArya dvArA viracita eka bhAratIya gaGgA-yamunA ke kendrasthala meM bhI haA tathA dvaitavAdI vedAnta grantha / isake avalamba se anekoM pavitra AtmAoM ko Izvara kA prapaJcasAratantra-isa nAma ke do grantha haiM, prathama zaGkarA- divya anugraha prApta huA (yathA caraNadAsI saMta ) / cAryakRta tathA dUsarA padmapAdAcArya kRta / ye advaita vedAnta isa vicAra kA aura bhI vikasita rUpa 'AcAryAbhimAna' ke AdhAra para upAsanA kA pratipAdana karate haiN| hai / AcArya manuSyoM ko Izvara kA mArga pradarzita karatA hai prapattimArga-bhaktimArga kA eka vikasita rUpa, jisakA ataH pahale usI ke sammukha AtmasamarpaNa kI AvazyakatA prAdurbhAva dakSiNa bhArata meM 13vIM zatAbdI meM haA / devatA hotI hai| ke prati kriyAtmaka prema athavA tallInatA ko bhakti kahate prapanna-jisa vyakti ne prapattimArga grahaNa kara liyA ho, haiM, jabaki prapatti niSkriya sampUrNa AtmasamarpaNa hai| use prapanna kahate haiM / de0 'prapattimArga' ! dakSiNa bhArata meM rAmAnajIya vaiSNava vicAradhArA kI do prapAdAna-caitra zukla pratipadA ko isa vrata kA prArambha zAkhAe~ haiM : (1) bar3avakalai (kAjIvarama ke uttara kA hotA hai / sabhI janoM ko garmiyoM ke cAroM mAsoM meM jala bhAga ) / yaha zAkhA bhakti ko adhika prazraya detI hai| kA dAna (pyAU lagAnA) karanA caahie| isase pitagaNa (2) tenkalai (kAjIvaram ke dakSiNa kA bhAga ), santuSTa hAta ha / yaha zAkhA prapatti para adhika bala detI hai| prapotha-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (8.4.1) meM ullikhita eka baDakkalai zAkhA ke sadasyoM kI tulanA eka kapi- paudhe kA nAma, jo soma ke sthAna para vyavahRta hotA thaa| ziza se kI jAtI hai jo apanI mA~ ko pakar3e rahatA hai prabodhacandrodaya-saMskRta sAhitya kA AdhyAtmika nATaka / aura vaha use lekara kUdatI rahatI hai (vAnarI dhti)| tena- navIM-dasavIM zatAbdI taka vedAntIya jJAnacarcA vidvAnoM kalai zAkhA ke sadasyoM kI tulanA mArjArazizu se kI taka hI sImita thii| gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM nATaka,

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422 prabodhaparizodhinI-prabhaliGgalIlA na kAvyAdi ke rUpa meM bhI vedAntatattva ko samajhAne kA bar3A mahattva hai / sAyaMkAla lipe-pute sthala meM dIpa jalAkara prayAsa Arambha huA / khajurAho ke candela rAjA kIrtivarmA viSNu bhagavAn ko jagAyA jAtA hai aura Ikha, siMghAr3e, ke sabhApaMDita kRSNamizra ne 1122 vi0 ke lagabhaga prabodha- jhar3abera Adi naye zAka-phala-kanda bhoga lagAye jAte haiM, candrodaya nAmaka nATaka kI racanA kI / isa grantha meM lekhaka tulasIpUjana hotA hai / dhArmika jana prAyaH isa utsava ke ne apanI kavitva zakti evaM dArzanika pratibhA kA acchA bAda ho gannA, begana Adi kA sevana Arambha karate haiM / paricaya diyA hai| prabhAkara-pUrvamImAMsA ke itihAsa meM sAtavIM-AThavIM candrodaya' kA zAbdika artha hai jJAna rUpI zatAbdI meM do prasiddha vidvAn hae : (1) kumArila, jinheM candramA kA udaya / vAstava meM yaha saMsAra ke pralobhana bhaTTa kahate haiM aura prabhAkara, jinheM guru kahate haiN| donoM aura ajJAna se jIvAtmA kI mukti kA rUpaka hai / nATaka ne zAbara bhASya kI vyAkhyA kI hai, kintu bhinna-bhinna ke pAtra mana kI sUkSma bhAvanAe~ tathA vAsanAe~ haiM / isameM rUpoM meM, aura isa bhinnatA ke AdhAra para donoM ke sampradAya dikhAyA gayA hai ki kisa prakAra viSNubhakti viveka ko 'gurumata' aura 'bhATTa mata' ke nAma se pracalita ho gye| jAgRta kara vedAnta, zraddhA, vicAra tathA anya sahakArI prabhAkara kA prasiddha grantha 'bRhatI' zabarabhASya kA tadanurUpa tattvoM kI sahAyatA se bhrAnti, ajJAna, rAga, dveSa, lobha bhASya hai, ve zabara kI AlocanA nahIM karate / kumArila Adi ko parAjita karatI hai| isake pazcAt prabodha athavA kA mata zabara se aneka sthaloM para bhinna hai| prabhAkara kA jJAna kA udaya hotA hai| phalasvarUpa jIvAtmA brahma ke samaya ThIka jJAta nahIM hotA, kintu ye evaM kumArila sAtha apane tAdAtmya kA anubhava karatA hai, sampUrNa karmoM AThavIM zatI ke prArambha meM hue the| kA tyAga kara saMnyAsa grahaNa karatA hai| isameM vaiSNavadharma prabhAvata-mAnyatA aisI hai ki isa vrata meM koI vyakti ardha aura advaita vedAnta kA mAhAtmya darzAyA gayA hai| pAtroM mAsa taka upavAsa karake bAda meM do kapilA gau dAna ke kathanopakathana meM bauddha, jaina, cArvAka, karmamImAMsA, karatA hai, vaha sIdhA brahmaloka ko jAtA hai aura devoM dvArA sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya darzana, kApAlika Adi sampradAyoM ___sammAnita hotA hai / de0 mtsypuraann,101.54| kA manoraJjaka citraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| prabhAsa-pazcima bhArata ke saurASTra deza kA prasiddha zaiva tIrtha, prabodhaparizodhinI-padmapAdAcArya kRta paJcapAdikA ke Upara isake sAtha vaiSNava paramparAe~ bhI jur3a gayI hai / dvAdaza prabodhaparizodhinI nAma kI eka TIkA narasiMhasvarUpa ke jyotiliGgoM meM prathama somanAtha prabhAsakSetra meM haiM / yaha sthAna ziSya AtmasvarUpa ne likhI hai| lakulIza pAzupata mata ke zaivoM kA kendrasthala rahA hai / prabodhavrata-kArtika zukla pakSa meM viSNu tathA anyAnya isa sthala ke pAsa hI zrI kRSNa ko jarA nAmaka vyAdha kA devoM kA cAra mAsa bAda zayyA tyAga kara uThanA prabodha bANa lagA thaa| yaha zaiva, vaiSNava donoM kA mahAtIrtha hai| kahalAtA hai| vizvAsa yaha hai ki varSA meM devagaNa zayana isa sthAna ko berAvala, somanAthapATaNa, prabhAsa, prabhAsakarate haiM, varSA samApta hone para nidrA se uThate haiN| yaha paTTana (pattana) Adi kahate haiN| avasara utsava kA hotA hai| isake pazcAt hI mAnavoM ke prabhAsamAhAtmya-skandapurANa se uddhRta isa prabhAsakSetra ke yAtrA, vijaya, vyavasAya Adi zubha karma prArambha hote haiN| mAhAtmya meM yahA~ ke devadarzana-pUjana kI phalazruti hai| mAdAgAsavarAja prabodhasudhAkara-zaGkarAcArya racita eka upadeza grantha / prabhuliGgalIlA-prasiddha kannar3a bhASA ke liGgAyata grantha prabodhinI ekAdazI-kArtika zukla ekaadshii| harizayinI 'prabhuliGgalIlA' kA tamila bhASA meM zivaprakAza svAmI ekAdazI (ASAr3ha zu0 11) ko viSNu zayana karate haiM ne 17vIM zatAbdI meM padyAnuvAda kiyA, jo sabhI zavoM aura cAra mAsa bAda kArtika meM prabodhinI ekAdazI ko dvArA samAdRta hai| yaha purANa kahalAtA hai tathA dhArmika uThate haiM, aisA purANoM kA vidhAna hai| viSNu dvAdaza Adi- itihAsa ke sAtha-sAtha bhajana-pUjana ke niyamoM kA bhI tyoM meM eka haiM / sUrya ke meghAcchanna aura meghamukta hone kA isameM saGkalana hai| yaha vasava ke sAthI allAma prabhu ke yaha rUpaka hai| prabodhinI ekAdazI kA utsava bahuta hI jIvana para vizeSa kara AdhArita hai| isake racayitA prasiddha hai / isa tithi ko vrata rakhA jAtA hai, upavAsa kA cAmarasa aura racanAkAla 1517 vi0 hai /

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pramA-prayAga pramA-bhrAntirahita yathArtha jJAna kI sthiti athavA cetanA ko pramA kahate haiN| de0 'pramANa' / pramAjJAna -- vaizeSika matAnusAra jJAna ke do bheda haiM-pramA aura apramA / yathArtha jJAna pramA aura ayathArtha, bhrAnta jJAna apramA kahalAtA hai / pramANa - nyAya darzana kA pramukha viSaya pramANa hai / yathArtha jJAna ko pramA kahate haiN| yathArtha jJAna kA jo sAdhana ho arthAt jisake dvArA yathArtha jJAna ho sake, use pramANa kahA jAtA hai| gautama ne yathArtha jJAna ke cAra pramANa mAne hai(1) pratyakSa (2) anumAna, (3) upamAna aura ( 4 ) zabda | inameM AtmA, mana, indriya aura vastu kA saMyoga rUpa jo pramANa hai vahI pratyakSa hai / isa jJAna ke AdhAra para liGga athavA hetu se jo jJAna hotA hai use anumAna kahate haiM / jaise hamane barAbara dekhA hai ki jahA~ dhuA~ rahatA hai vahAM agni rahatI hai isalie dhuAM ko dekhakara agni kI upasthiti kA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai| gautama kA tIsarA pramANa upamAna hai| kisI jAnI huI vastu ke sAdRzya se na jAnI huI vastu kA jJAna jisa pramANa se hotA hai vahI upamAna hai / jaise nIla gAya gAya ke samAna hotI hai| jIvA pramANa hai zabda, jo Apta vacana hI ho sakatA hai nyAya darzana meM Upara likhe cAra hI pramANa mAne gaye haiM / mImAMsaka aura vedAntI arthApatti, aitihya, sambhava aura abhAva ye cAra aura pramANa mAnate haiN| naiyAyika inheM apane cAroM pramANoM ke antargata samajhate haiM / pramANapaddhati - yaha mAdhva saMpradAya ke svAmI jayatIrthAcArya (15vIM zatAbdI) dvArA viracita eka grantha hai / pramANamAlA - Anandabodha bhaTTArakAcArya (12vIM zatAbdI) ke tIna grantha nyAyamakaranda, pramANamAlA evaM nyAyadIpAvalI prasiddha haiN| tInoM meM unhoMne advaita mata kA vivecana kiyA hai| prameya gautama ke matAnusAra pramANa ke viSaya arthAt jo pramANita kiyA jAya usako prameya kahate haiN| nyAyadarzana meM prameya vastu padArtha ke antargata hai aura usake bAraha bheda hai - (1) AtmA saba vastuoM ko dekhane vAlA, bhoga karane : vAlA aura anubhava karane vAlA / (2) zarIra : bhogoM kA Ayatana yA aadhaar| (3) indriyA~ bhogoM ke sAdhana / (4) artha : vastu, jisakA bhoga hotA hai / (5) mana bhoga kA 423 mAdhyama / ( 6 ) buddhi : antaHkaraNa kI vaha bhItarI indriya jisake dvArA saba vastuoM kA jJAna hotA hai / ( 7 ) pravRtti : vacana, mana aura zarIra kA vyApAra (8) doSa jisake dvArA acche yA bure kAmoM meM pravRtti hotI hai / ( 9 ) pretyabhAva : punarjanma (10) phala suduHkha kA saMvedana yA anubhava / (11) du:kha pIr3A, kleza (12) apavarga duHkha se atyanta nivRtti athavA mukti / 1. isa sUcI se yaha na samajhanA cAhie ki ina vastuoM ke atirikta aura pramANa ke viSaya yA prameya nahIM ho sakate pramANa ke dvArA bahuta sI bAteM siddha kI jAtI hai| para gautama ne apane sUtroM meM unhIM bAtoM para vicAra kiyA hai, jinake jJAna se apavarga yA mokSa kI prApti ho sake / prameyaratnArNava - bAlakRSNa bhaTTa dvArA racita yaha grantha vallabhAcArya ke puSTi sampradAya kA hai| isakA racanAkAla 1657 vi0 ke lagabhaga hai / prameya ratnAvalI - AcArya baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa dvArA racita yaha grantha gauDIya vaiSNavoM ke matAnusAra likhA gayA hai / prameyasAgara zrISNava matAvalambI yajJamUrti kRta yaha grantha tamila bhASA meM hai / prayAgaGgA-yamunA ke saMgama sthala prayAga ko purANoM (matsya 109.15 skanda, kAzI0 7.45 padma 6.23. 27-35 tathA anya) meM 'tIrtharAja' ( tIrthoM kA rAjA ) nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| isa saMgama ke sambandha meM Rgveda ke khila sUkta (10.75) meM kahA gayA hai ki jahA~ kRSNa (kAle ) aura zveta ( svaccha ) jala vAlI do saritAoM kA saMgama hai vahA~ snAna karane se manuSya svargArohaNa karatA hai| purANoti yaha hai ki prajApati (brahmA) ne Ahuti kI tIna vediyA~ banAyI thIM-- kurukSetra, prayAga aura gayA / inameM prayAga madhyama vedI hai| mAnA jAtA hai| ki yahA~ gaGgA, yamunA aura sarasvatI ( pAtAla se Ane vAlI) tIna saritAoM kA saMgama huA hai / para sarasvatI kA koI bAhya astitva dRSTigata nahIM hotA / matsya (104.12), kUrma (1.36.27) tathA agni (111.6-7 ) Adi purANoM ke anusAra jo prayAga kA darzana karake usakA nAmoccAraNa karatA hai tathA vahA~ kI miTTI kA apane zarIra para Alepa karatA hai vaha pApamukta ho jAtA hai| vahA~ snAna karane vAlA svarga ko prApta hotA hai tathA

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424 prayAga deha tyAga karane vAlA punaH saMsAra meM utpanna nahIM hotaa| rAnta pralaya karane para bhI prayAga naSTa nahIM hotaa| usa yaha kezava ko priya (iSTa) hai / ise triveNI kahate haiN| samaya pratiSThAna ke uttarI bhAga meM brahmA chadma veza meM, viSNu prayAga zabda kI vyutpatti vanaparva (87.18-19) meM / veNImAdhava rUpa meM tathA ziva vaTavRkSa ke rUpa meM AvAsa yaj dhAtu se mAnI gayI hai / usake anusAra sarvAtmA __karate haiM aura sabhI deva, gaMdharva, siddha tathA RSi pApabrahmA ne sarvaprathama yahA~ yajana kiyA thA (Ahuti dI thI) zaktiyoM se prayAgamaNDala kI rakSA karate haiN| isIlie isalie isakA nAma prayAga par3a gayA / purANoM meM prayAga- matsyapurANa (10.4.18) meM tIrthayAtrI ko prayAga jAkara maNDala, prayAga aura veNI athavA triveNI kI vividha eka mAsa nivAsa karane tathA saMyamapUrvaka devatAoM aura vyAkhyAe~ kI gayI hai / matsya tathA padmapurANa ke anusAra pitaroM kI pUjA karake abhISTa phala prApta karane kA prayAgamaNDala pA~ca yojana kI paridhi meM vistRta hai aura vidhAna hai| usameM praviSTa hone para eka-eka pada para azvamedha yajJa kA isI prakAra kSaura karma (ziromuMDana ) bhI prayAga meM puNya milatA hai| prayAga kI sImA pratiSThAna (jhUsI) se sampanna hone para pApamukti kA hetu mAnA gayA hai| baccoM vAsukisetu taka tathA kaMbala aura azvatara nAgoM taka sthita aura vidhavAoM ke kSaura karma kA vidhAna to hai hI, yahA~ hai| yaha tInoM lovoM meM prajApati kI puNyasthalI ke nAma se taka ki sadhavA patniyoM ke kSaura karma kA bhI vidhAna vikhyAta hai| padamapurANa (1.43-27) ke anusAra 'veNI' 'tristhalIsetu' ke anusAra milatA hai| vahA~ batAyA gayA kSetra prayAga kI sImA meM 20 dhanuSa taka kI dUrI meM hai ki sadhavA striyoM ko apane kezoM kI sundara veNI vistRta hai / vahA~ prayAga, pratiSThAna (jhUsI) tathA alarka banAkara, sabhI prakAra ke kezavinyAsa sambandhI vyaMjanoM se pura (araila) nAma ke tIna kUpa haiM / matsya (110.4) aura sajAkara pati kI AjJA se ( veNI ke agra bhAga kA) agni (111.12) purANoM ke anusAra bahA~ tIna agni kSaura karma karAnA cAhie / tatpazcAt kaTI huI veNI ko kaNDa bhI haiM jinake madhya se hokara gaGgA bahatI hai / vana aMjalI meM lekara usake barAbara svarNa yA cA~dI kI veNI parva (85.81 aura 85) tathA matsya0 (104.16-17) meM bhI lekara jar3e hAtha se saMgama sthala para bahA denA cAhie batAyA gayA hai ki prayAga meM nitya snAna ko 'veNI' aura kahanA cAhie ki sabhI pApa naSTa ho jAya~ aura arthAt do nadiyoM (gaGgA aura yamunA) kA saMgama snAna hamArA saubhAgya uttarottara vRddhi para rhe| nArI ke lie kahate haiM / vanaparva (85.75) tathA anya purANoM meM gaGgA eka mAtra prayAga meM hI kSaura karma karAne kA vidhAna hai| aura yamunA ke madhya kI bhUmi ko pRthvI kA jaghana yA prayAga meM AtmahatyA karane kA sAmAnya siddhAnta ke kaTipradeza kahA gayA hai| isakA tAtparya hai pRthvI kA anusAra niSedha hai| kucha apavAdoM ke lie hI isako sabase adhika samRddha pradeza athavA madhya bhAga / protsAhana diyA jAtA hai| brAhmaNa ke hatyAre, surApAna gaGgA, yamunA aura sarasvatI ke triveNIsaMgama ko karane vAle, brAhmaNa kA dhana curAne vAle, asAdhya rogI, 'oMkAra' nAma se abhihita kiyA gayA hai / 'oMkAra' kA zarIra kI zuddhi meM asamartha, vRddha jo rogI bhI ho, roga 'om' parabrahma paramezvara kI ora rahasyAtmaka saMketa se mukta na ho sakatA ho; ye sabhI prayAga meM AtmadhAta karatA hai| yahI sarvasukhapradAyinI triveNI kA bhI sUcaka kara sakate haiN| de0 AdipurANa aura avismRti / hai| oMkAra kA akAra sarasvatI kA pratIka, ukAra gRhastha jo saMsAra ke jIvana se mukta honA cAhatA ho vaha yamunA kA pratIka tathA makAra gaGgA kA pratIka hai / tInoM bhI triveNIsaMgama para jAkara vaTavRkSa ke nIce AtmaghAta kramazaH pradyumna, aniruddha tathA saMkarSaNa (hari ke vyUha) ko kara sakatA hai / patnI ke lie pati ke sAtha sahamaraNa yA udbhata karane vAlI haiN| isa prakAra ina tInoM kA saMgama anumaraNa kA vidhAna hai, para garbhiNI ke lie yaha vidhAna triveNI nAma se vikhyAta hai (tristhalIsetu, pRSTha 8) / nahIM hai| de0 nAradIya, pUrvAddha', 7.52-53 / prayAga meM Atma narasiMhapurANa (65.17) meM viSNu ko prayAga meM ghAta karane vAle ko purANoM ke anusAra mokSa kI prApti yogamUrti ke rUpa meM sthita batAyA gayA hai| matsyapurANa hotI hai| kUrma0 (1.36.16-39) ke anusAra yogI (111.4-10) ke anusAra rudra dvArA eka kalpa ke upa- gaGgA-yamunA ke saMgama para AtmahatyA karake svarga prApta

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pravacana-pralayatatva 425 karatA hai aura punaH naraka nahIM dekha sktaa| prayAga meM aura jaba koI isa sampradAya kI dIkSA letA hai to use vaizyoM aura zadroM ke lie AtmahatyA vivazatA kI sthiti pA~coM mantroM kA uccAraNa karanA par3atA hai / meM yadA-kadA hI mAnya thii| kintu brAhmaNoM aura kSatriyoM pravajyA-saMnyAsa Azrama / isakA prayoga saMnyAsa yA bhikSuke dvArA Atma-agnyAhati diyA jAnA eka vizeSa vidhAna dharma grahaNa karane kI vidhi ke artha meM hotA hai| mahAbhAratake anusAra ucita thaa| ataH jo aisA karanA cAheM to kAla ke pUrva pravrajyA kA mArga sabhI vargoM ke lie khulA grahaNa ke dina yaha kArya sampanna karate the, yA kisI vyakti thaa| upaniSad meM jAnazruti zUdra ko bhI mokSa mArga kA ko mUlya dekara DUbane ke lie kraya kara lete the| upadeza kiyA gayA hai aura yuvA zvetaketu ko tattva prApti ( alabarUnI kA bhArata, bhAga 2, pR0 170) / sAmAnya kA upadeza milA hai| yadyapi mahAbhArata kAla meM yaha bAta dhAraNA yaha thI ki isa dhArmika AtmaghAta se manuSya janma mAnI jAtI thI tathApi yathArtha meM loga samajhane lage ki aura maraNa ke bandhana se mukti pA jAtA hai aura use brAhmaNa aura vizeSataH caturthAzramI hI mokSa mArga ke pAtra sthAyI amaratva (mokSa) athavA nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai / mahAbhArata kAla meM pravrajyA kA mAna bahuta bar3hA huA hai / isa dhAraNA kA vistAra yahA~ taka huA ki ahiMsA- jAna par3atA hai| una dinoM vaidika dharmiyoM ko pravrajyA vAdI jaina dharmAvalambI bhI isa dhArmika AtmadhAta ko bahata kaThina thii| bauddhoM tathA jainoM ne usako bahuta sastA protsAhana dene lge| kucha purANoM ke anusAra tIrthayAtrA kara DAlA aura bahutoM ke lie vaha peTa bharane kA sAdhana Arambha karake rAste meM hI vyakti yadi mRtyu ko prApta ho mAtra ho gayI / aura prayAga kA nAma le le to use bahuta puNyaphala hotA pralayatattva-bhUkhaNDa yA brahmANDa kA miTa jAnA, naSTa ho hai / apane ghara meM marate samaya bhI yadi vyakti prayAga kA jAnA / pralaya cAra prakAra ke hote haiM : naimittika, nAma smaraNa kara le to brahmaloka ko pahu~ca jAtA hai aura prAkRtika, Atyantika aura nitya / prathama pralaya brahmAjI kA vahA~ saMnyAsiyoM, siddhoM tathA muniyoM ke bIca rahatA hai| eka dina samApta ho jAne para rAtri ke prArambha kAla meM pravacana-isakA artha maukhika zikSA hai ( zata0 brA0 11. hotA hai, use naimittika pralaya kahate haiN| dvitIya prAkRtika 5.7.1 ) / dharma meM pravacana kA bar3A mahattva hai / AcArya pralaya taba hotA hai jaba brahmANDa mahAprakRti meM vilIna ho athavA guru ke mukha se jo vacana nikalate haiM unakA sIdhA jAtA hai / tRtIya Atyantika pralaya yogIjana jJAna ke dvArA prabhAva zrotA para par3atA hai / ataH prAyaH sabhI sampradAyoM meM brahma meM lIna ho jAne ko kahate haiM / utpanna padArthoM kA jo pravacana kI praNAlI pracalita hai| aharniza kSaya hotA rahatA hai, use nitya pralaya ke nAma se pravara-isakA upayukta artha sUcanA hai, jisase agni ko vyavahRta karate haiN| ina caturvidha pralayoM meM se naimittika sambodhita kara yajJa ke Arambha meM use AvAhita karate the| evaM prAkRtika mahApralaya brahmANDoM se sambandhita hote haiM kintu agni ko purohita ke pitaroM ke nAma se Amantrita tathA zeSa do pralaya dehadhAriyoM se sambandhita mitika karate the, isalie pravara kA tAtparya pitaroM kI saMkhyA pralaya ke sambandha meM viSNupurANa kA mata nimnalikhita hai: ho gyaa| Age calakara eka vaMza meM prasiddha pitaroM kI __ brahmA kI jAnadavasthA meM unakI prANazakti kI preraNA jitanI saMkhyA hotI thI vahI usakA pravara mAnA jAtA se brahmANDacakra pracalita rahatA hai, kintu unakI nidraathaa| 'gotrapravaramaJjarI' meM isakA vistRta vivecana hai| vasthA meM samasta brahmANDa nizceSTa ho jAtA hai aura usakI pravartaka-kisI dharma athavA sampradAya ko calAne vaalaa| sthiti jala-bhunakara naSTa ho jAtI hai| naimittika pralaya ko mAnabhAu sampradAya meM isa zabda kA vizeSa rUpa se prayoga brAhma pralaya bhI kahate haiN| usameM brahmAjI viSNu ke sAtha huA hai| isa sampradAya ke mUla pravartaka dattAtreya kahe yoganidrA meM prasupta ho jAte haiN| isa samaya pralaya meM bhI jAte hai, sAtha hI unakA kahanA hai ki cAra yugoM meM se rahane kI zakti rakhane vAle kucha yogigaNa janaloka meM pratyeka meM eka-eka sthApaka athavA pravartaka hote Aye haiN| apane ko jIvita rakhate hue dhyAnaparAyaNa rahate haiN| aise isa prakAra ve pA~ca pravartaka mAnate haiN| pA~coM pravartakoM ko yogiyoM dvArA cintyamAna kamalayoni brahmA brahmarAtri ko paJcakRSNa bhI kahate haiN| inase sambandhita pA~ca mantra haiM vyatIta kara brAhma divasa ke udaya meM prabuddha ho jAte haiM 54

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426 aura punaH samasta brahmANDa kI racanA karate haiN| isa prakAra brahmAjI ke sau varSa pUrNa hone ke anantara brahmA bhI parabrahma meM lIna ho jAte haiM, usa samaya prAkRtika mahApralaya kA udaya hotA hai / isI krama se brahmANDaprakRti anAdi kAla se mahAkAla ke mahAn cakra meM paribhramaNazIla rahatI AtI hai| ina pralayoM kA vistRta vivaraNa viSNupurANastha pralayavarNana meM draSTavya hai| avyAkRta prakRti tathA usake preraka Izvara kI vilInatA ke prazna ko viSNupurANa sarala tarIke se spaSTa kara detA hai : prakRtiryA mayAkhyAtA puruSazvApyabhAvetI vyaktAvyaktasvarUpiNI / lIyete paramAtmani // [ vyakta evaM avyakta prakRti aura Izvara ye donoM hI nirguNa evaM niSkriya brahmatattva meM vilIna ho jAte haiM / ] yahI AdhidevI sRSTirUpa mahApralaya hai| jitane samaya taka brahmANDaprakRti meM sRSTi-sthitilIlA kA vistAra pravartamAna rahatA hai, ThIka utane hI samaya taka mahApralayagarbha meM bhI brahmANDasRSTi pUrNa rUpa se vilIna rahatI hai / isa samaya jIvoM kI ananta karmarAziyA~ usa mahAkAza ke Azrita rahatI haiN| prazastapAda - vaizeSika darzana ke prasiddha vyAkhyAkAra AcArya / kaNAda ke sUtroM ke Upara sambhavataH inhIM kA padArthadharmasaMgraha nAmaka grantha bhASya kahalAtA hai, yadyapi ise vaizeSika sUtroM kA bhAgya mAnanA kaThina pratIta hotA hai| dUsare bhASyoM kI zailI ke viparIta yaha ( padArthadharma saMgraha ) vaizeSikasUtroM ke mukhya viSayoM para svatantra vyAkhyA jaisA hai / svayaM prazastapAda ise bhASya na kahakara 'padArthadharmasaMgraha' saMjJA dete haiM / isameM dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa tathA samavAya padAyoM kA varNana binA kisI vAda-vivAda ke prastuta kiyA gayA hai / kucha siddhAnta jo nyAyavaizeSika darzana meM mahattva - pUrNa sthAna rakhate haiM, yathA sRSTi tathA pralaya kA siddhAnta, saMkhyA kA siddhAnta, paramANuoM ke ANavika mApa ke sthira karane meM aNuoM kI saMkhyA kA siddhAnta tathA pIlupAka kA siddhAnta Adi sarvaprathama 'padArthadharmasaMgraha' meM hI ullikhita hue haiN| ye siddhAnta kaNAda ke vaizeSika sUtroM meM anupalabdha hai| 3 prazastapAda kA samaya ThIka-ThIka nizcita karanA kaThina prazastapAda prasAva samaya pA~cavIM chaThI zatAbdI hai / anumAnataH inakA honA caahie| prazAstA vaidika yajJa ke purohitoM meM se eka kA nAma / choTe yajJoM meM usakA koI kArya nahIM hotA, kintu pazuyajJa tathA somayajJa meM usakA upayoga hotA hai / somayajJa meM vaha mukhya purohita hotA kA sAmagAna meM sahAyaka rahatA hai / Rgveda ( 4.9, 5, 6.71, 5, 9,95, 5) meM use upavaktA bhI kahA gayA hai yaha nAma bhI prazAstA ke artha kA dyotaka hai tathA yaha isalie rakhA gayA hai ki usake mukhya kAryoM meM se eka kArya dUsare purohitoM ko preSa ( nideza ) denA bhI thA / usakA anya nAma 'maitrAvaruNa' thA, kyoMki usake dvArA gAyI jAne vAlI adhikAMza stutiyAM mitra tathA varuNa ke prati hotI thiiN| / sadRza prazna --- jijJAsA athavA vAdArambha kA vacana / prazna kA 'nizcaya' artha aitareya brAhmaNa (5.14) meM kathita hai| yajurveda ( vA0 saM0 30.20 0 prA0 2.4,6,1) meM uta puruSamedha kI balitAlikA meM praznI, abhipraznI, praznavivAk tIna nAma Aye haiM / sambhavataH ye nyAya- abhiyoga ke vAdI prativAdI tathA nyAyAdhIza hai / praznopaniSad - eka atharvavedIya upaniSad upaniSadoM kA kalevara adhikatara gadya meM hai, kintu isakA gadya prArambhika upaniSadoM se bhinna laukika saMskRta ke nikaTa hai| isakI zreNI meM maMtrAyaNIya tathA mANDUkya ko rakhA jA sakatA hai / isameM RSi pippalAda ke cha: brahmajijJAsu ziSyoM ne vedAnta ke cha: mUla tattvoM para prazna kiye haiN| inhIM cha praznoM ke samAdhAna rUpa meM yaha praznopaniSad banI hai / prajApati se asat aura prANa kI utpatti, cicchaktiyoM se prANa kI zreSThatA, cicchaktiyoM ke lakSaNa aura vibhAga, suSupti aura turIyAvasthA, oMkAra dhyAnanirNaya aura SoDazendriyA~; praznopaniSad ke yahI chaH viSaya haiM / zaGkarAcArya, AnandatIrtha, dAmodarAcArya, narahari, bhaTTabhAskara, raGgarAmAnuja prabhRti anekoM AcAryoM ne isa para bhASya va TIkAe~ racI haiN| prasAda -- ( 1 ) prasannatA athavA kRpA, arthAt bhakta ke Upara bhagavAn kI kRpA / karmasiddhAnta ke anusAra sadasatkarmI kA phala bhoganA hI par3atA hai / kintu bhaktimArga ke anuyA - yiyoM kA vizvAsa hai ki bhagavatkRpA ke dvArA pUrva karmoMpApa Adi kA kSaya ho jAtA hai| prapatti ke pazcAt bhakta kA pUrA dAyitva bhagavAn apane Upara le lete haiM /

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prasU-prAcya 427 vIrazaiva matAvalambiyoM meM jaba bAlaka kA janma hotA kA madhusUdana sarasvatI dvArA racita eka grantha bhI hai| isameM hai to pitA apane guru ko Amantrita karatA hai / guru saba zAstroM kA sAmaJjasya karake unakA advaita meM samAhAra Akara aSTavargasamAroha kI paricAlanA usa zizu ko dikhalAyA gayA hai| isakI racanA 1607 vi0 se pUrva liGgAyata banAne ke lie karatA hai| ye ATha varga hai- huI thii| guru, liGga, vibhUti, rudrAkSa, mantra, jaGgama, tIrtha evaM prahlAdakuNDa-kahA jAtA hai ki pAtAla se pRthvI kA uddhAra prasAda, jo usakI pApa se rakSA karate haiM / ziva ko prApta karate hue hiraNyAkSa vadha ke pazcAt varAha bhagavAn yahA~ karane ke mArga meM liGgAyatoM ko chaH avasthAoM ke madhya zilArUpa meM sthita ho gaye / yahA~ gaGgAjI meM prahlAdakuNDa jAnA par3atA hai-bhakti, maheza, prasAda, prANaliGga, zaraNa hai / yahA~ para snAna karanA puNyakAraka mAnA jAtA hai| tathA aikya / prAkRta-(1) prakRti - saMskRta bhASA ke AdhAra para vyavahRta, (2) devatAoM ko arpaNa kiye gaye naivedya kA nAma bhI athavA saMskRta se apabhraMza rUpa meM nirgata ( hemacandra ) / prasAda hai, usakA kucha aMza bhaktoM meM bA~TA jAtA hai| yaha apaThita sAdhAraNa janatA kI bolacAla kI bhASA prasU-vaidika granthoM ke ullekhAnusAra nayI ghAsa yA paudhe, thii| griyarsana ne prAthamika, mAdhyamika tathA tRtIya jo yajJa meM prayukta hote the| sAdhAraNatayA aba yaha jananI prAkRta ke rUpa meM isa bhASA ke tIna caraNa dikhAye haiM / kA paryAya hai| prAthamika kA udAharaNa vaidika kAla ke bAda kI bhASA, prasUti-svAyaMbhuva manu aura zatarUpA kI putrI / viSNupurANa mAdhyamika kA pAli tathA tRtIya kA udAharaNa uttara ke sAtaveM adhyAya meM kathita hai ki brahmA ne vizvaracanA ke bhArata kI prAdezika apabhraMza bhASAe~ hai| pazcAt apane samAna hI aneka mAnasika putra utpanna kiye, jo prajApati khlaaye| inakI saMkhyA tathA nAma para sabhI (2) isakA dUsarA artha hai prakRti se utpanna arthAt saMskArahIna vyakti / isakA prayoga asabhya, jaMgalI yA purANa ekamata nahIM haiN| phira unhoMne svAyambhuva manu ko ga~vAra mAnava ke lie hotA hai| jIvoM kI rakSA ke lie utpanna kiyA / manu kI putrI prasUti kA vivAha prajApati dakSa ke sAtha huA jo aneka prAcInayogIputra-prAcInayoga nAmaka kula kI eka mahilA devAtmAoM ke pUrvaja bane / ke putra, AcArya, jo bRhadAraNyaka upa0 ( 2.6.2 kANva ) prastara-vaidika granthoM ke anusAra yajJAsana ke lie bichAyI kI prathama vaMzatAlikA ( guruparamparA ) meM pArAzarya ke huI ghAsa / ziSya kahe gaye haiM / chAndogya ( 5.13,1 ) tathA taittirIya prastotA-yajJa ke udgAtA purohita kA sahAyaka purohita / upa0 ( 1.6,2) meM eka 'prAcInayogya' RSi kA ullekha yaha sAmamantroM kA pUrvagAna karatA thaa| milatA hai, yahI pitabodhaka zabda zatapatha brA0 ( 10.6, prasthAnatraya-vedAntiyoM kI bolacAla meM upaniSadoM, bhaga 1,5) tathA jaiminIya u0 brA0 meM bhI milatA hai| vadgItA tathA vedAntasUtra ko tattvajJAna ke mUlabhUta AdhAra- prAcI sarasvatI-kurukSetra kA tIrthasthala, jahA~ para sarasvatI grantha mAnA gayA hai| pazcAta ye hI prasthAnatraya kahe jAne nadI pazcima se pUrvAbhimukha bahatI thii| aba to yahA~ eka lage / inheM vedAnta ke tIna srota bhI kahate haiN| inameM jalAzaya mAtra zeSa hai, Asa-pAsa purAne bhagnAvazeSa par3e 12 upaniSadeM ( Iza, kena, kaTha, prazna, muNDaka, mANDUkya, hae haiN| sUnasAna mandira jIrNa dazA meM haiN| yAtrI yahA~ taittirIya, aitareya, chAndogya, bahadAraNyaka, kauSItaki tathA piNDadAna karate haiN| zvetAzvatara ) zrutiprasthAna kahalAtI haiN| dUsarA prasthAna prAcya-madhya deza kI apekSA pUrva ke nivAsI / ye aita0 brA0 jise nyAyaprasthAna kahate haiM, brahmasUtra hai| tIsarA prasthAna (8.14 ) meM jAtiyoM kI tAlikA meM uddhRta haiN| inameM gItA smRtiprasthAna kahalAtA hai / zaGkarAcArya ne gItA ke kAzI, kosala, videha tathA sambhavataH magadha ke nivAsI lie jahA~-tahA~ 'smRti' zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai| sammilita the / zata0 brA0 meM prAcyoM dvArA agni ko zarva prasthAnatrayI-de0 'prasthAnatraya' / ke nAma se pukArA gayA hai tathA unakI samAdhi banAne kI prasthAnabheda-Izvara kI prApti ke vibhinna maarg| isa nAma prathA ko asvIkRta kiyA gayA hai|

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428 prAcyasAmaga-prANatattva prAcyasAmaga-sAmaveda kI paramparA meM eka zAkhA / hiraNya- apAna, vyAna ityAdi nAmoM se hRdaya, nAbhi, kaNThAdi nAbha ke ziSya 'prAcyasAmaga' nAma se vikhyAta hue| sthAnoM meM sthita paJca sthUla vAyuoM kA saMcAlana karatI hai / prAjApatya-(1) prajApati se utpanna, athavA prajApati isa dRzya saMsAra ke samasta padArthoM ke do bheda kiye jA kA kArya / prajApati ke lie kiye gaye yajJa ko bhI prAjA- sakate haiM, jinameM prathama bAhyAMza evaM dvitIya AntarAMza hai / patya kahate haiN| inameM AntarAMza sUkSmazakti prANa hai evaM bAhyAMza jar3a (2) ATha prakAra ke vivAhoM meM se eka prAjApatya hai| yaha aMza bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM bhI nirdiSTa hai / vivAha hai / isakI gaNanA cAra prazasta prakAra ke vivAhoM isI viSaya ko bRhadAraNyakabhASya aura bhI spaSTa kara meM kI jAtI hai / isake anusAra pati aura patnI prajA detA hai / yathAarthAt santAna ke uddezya se vivAha karate haiM aura isa kAryAtmaka jar3a padArtha nAma aura rUpa ke dvArA zarIrAbAta kI pratijJA karate haiM ki dharma, artha aura kAma meM ve vasthA ko prApta karatA hai, kintu kAraNabhUta sUkSma prANa eka dUsare kA atikramaNa nahIM kreNge| yaha Adhunika usakA dhAraka hai / ataH yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki yaha 'sivila maireja' ( sAmAjika anubandhamUlaka vivAha ) se sUkSma prANa zakti hI ekatrIbhUta sthUla zakti (zarIra) milatA julatA hai| ke andara avasthita rahakara usakI saMcAlikA hai| dhArmika vivAha meM pati aura patnI kI samatA nahIM kintu isa sUkSma zakti prANa ke dvArA hI paJcIkaraNa se pRthvI, ekatA sthApita hotI hai| isameM do vyaktiyoM kI samAna jala, agni Adi sthUla paJca mahAbhUtoM kI utpatti hotI svatantratA nahIM kintu eka kA dUsare meM pUrNa vilaya hai / isake hai| isI sUkSma prANazakti kI mahimA se aNu-paramANuoM lie kisI anubandha kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotI / de0 'vivaah'| ke andara AkarSaNa-vikarSaNa ke dvArA brahmANDa kI sthitiprAjApatyavata-isa vrata meM kRccha ke uparAnta eka gau dAna dazA meM sUrya aura candramA se lekara samasta graha-upagraha kara brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA jAtA hai / vratakartA bhagavAn Adi apane apane sthAnoM para sthita rahate haiM / samasta jar3a zaGkara ke loka ko jAtA hai| padArtha bhI isI ke dvArA kaThina, tarala athavA vAyavIya prANa-sUkSma jIvanavAyu ke pA~ca prakAroM-prANa, apAna, rUpa meM apanI apanI prakRti ke anusAra avasthita raha vyAna, udAna tathA samAna meM se eka / AraNyakoM tathA sakate haiM / isa prakAra isa samasta brahmANDa kI sRSTi aura upaniSadoM meM yaha vizva kI ekatA kA sarvAdhika prayukta sthiti ke mUla meM sUkSma prANazakti kA hI sAmrAjya hai / saMketa kahA gayA hai / pA~coM meM se kabhI do (prANa-apAna; prANazakti kI utpatti paramAtmA kI icchAzakti se hI yA prANa-vyAna; yA prANa-udAna ) yA adala-badalakara mAnI jAtI hai, jo samaSTi aura vyaSTi rUpoM se vyavahRta tIna athavA cAra sAtha-sAtha prayukta hote haiN| kintu hotI hai| kyoMki yaha samasta jagat paramezvara ke saMkalpa jaba ye sabhI eka sAtha prayukta hote haiM taba inakA vAsta mAtra se prasUta hai ataH tadantarvatinI prANazakti bhI paramezvara vika artha nizcita nahIM hotaa| vyApaka rUpa meM 'prANa' __kI icchA se udbhUta hai| jJAnendriya yA cetanA ko prakaTa karatA hai / prANa zabda isI prakAra sUrya-candra Adi ke mAdhyama se sRSTi kA kabhI kabhI kevala zvAsa kA sAdhAraNa artha bodha karAtA hai, vikAsa evaM Rtu saMcAlana aura unakA parivartana Adi kintu isakA ucita artha zvAsa kA AdAna-visarjana hai| prANazakti dvArA hI hotA hai| 'prANAyAma' kriyA meM yahI bhAva abhipreta hai / / sUrya ke sAtha samaSTibhUta prANa kA sambandha hone para prANatattva-jisa Antarika sUkSma zakti dvArA dRzya jagat meM Rtuparivartana, sasyasamRddhi kA vistAra evaM saMsAra kI jIvAtmA kA deha se sambandha hotA hai, use prANa kahate haiN| rakSA tathA pralayAdi sabhI kArya samaSTi prANa kI zakti yaha prANazakti hI sthUla prANa, apAna, vyAna, samAna evaM se hI sampanna hote rahate haiN| prANa kI isa dharAdhAriNI udAna nAmaka paJca vAyu evaM unake dhanaMjaya, kRkala, kUrma zakti ko chAndogya upaniSad adhika spaSTa kara detI hai / Adi rUpa na hokara ina sabakI saJcAlikA hai| yathA-jisa prakAra rathacakra kI nAbhi ke Upara cakradaNDa eka hI prANazakti pA~ca rUpoM meM vibhakta hokara prANa, (arA) sthita rahate haiM, usI prakAra prANa ke Upara samasta

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prANatoSiNItantra prAtizAkhya vizva AdhArita rahatA hai / prANa kA AdAna-pradAna prANa dvArA hI hotA hai| prANa pitAvat jagat kA janaka, mAtRvat saMsAra kA poSaka, bhrAtRvat samAnatA kA vidhAyaka, bhaginIvat sneha saMcAraka evaM AcAryavat niyamanakartA hai / jisa prakAra eka samrATa apane adhInastha karmacAriyoM ko vibhinna grAma, nagara Adi sthAnoM para sthApita kara unake dvArA una una sthAnoM kA zAsana kArya karAtA hai, usI prakAra prANa bhI apane aMza se utpanna vyaSTibhUta prANoM ko jIvazarIra ke vibhinna sthAnoM para pratiSThita kara zarIra ke vividha kAryoM kA saMcAlana karAtA hai| isa prakAra yaha saba prANazakti kI kriyAkAritA kA hI pariNAma hai, jisake Upara carAcara jagat kA vikAsa AdhArita hai| prANatoSiNI tantra-tAntrika sAhitya ke antargata isa grantha kA saMkalana samasta zAkta upAsanA vidhiyoM kA saMgraha kara paM0 rAmatoSa bhaTTAcArya ne 1821 60 meM kiyaa| prANanAtha pariNAmI (praNAmI ) sampradAya (eka vaiSNava upasampradAya) ke pravartaka mahAtmA prANanAtha pariNAmavAdI vedAntI the, vizeSataH ye padmA meM rahate the| mahArAja chatrasAla inheM apanA guru mAnate the / ye apane ko musalamAnoM kA mehaMdI, IsAiyoM kA masIhA aura hinduoM kA kalki avatAra kahate the| sarvadharmasamanvaya inakA lakSya thA / inakA mata vraja ke nimbArkaya vaiSNavoM se prabhAvita thA / ye golokavAsI bhagavAn kRSNa ke sAtha sakhya bhAva kI upAsanA karane kI zikSA dete the / inake anuyAyI vaiSNava gujarAta, rAjasthAna aura bundelakhaNDa meM adhika pAye jAte haiN| de0 'kulajjama sAhaba' tathA 'praNAmI' / prANaliGga - liGgAyatoM ke chaH AdhyAtmika vikAsoM meM caturtha krama para prANaliGga hai| prANAgnihotra upaniSad - paravartI upaniSadoM meM se eka / isakA bhASya 14vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM mahAtmA zarAnanda tathA nArAyaNa ne likhA / prANAyAma - prANa ( zvAsa ) kA AyAma ( niyantraNa ) / mana ko ekAgra karane kA yaha mukhya sAdhana mAnA jAtA hai| yaugika praNAlI meM isakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai| aSTAGgayoga ( rAjayoga ) kA yaha cauthA aGga hai| haThayoga meM prANAyAma kI prakriyA kA bar3A vistAra huA hai| prANAyAma ke tIna prakAra hai : (1) pUraka 429 ( zvAsa ko bhItara le jAkara phephar3e ko bharanA ) (2) kumbhaka ( zvAsa ko bhItara dera taka rokanA) aura (3) recaka ( zvAsa ko bAhara nikAlanA) / de0 'yogadarzana' / prAtaH snAna- prAtaHsnAna nitya dhArmika kRtyoM meM Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| manuSya ko bar3e tar3ake uThakara snAna karanA cAhie / viSNudharmottara ( 64.8 ) isa bAta kA nirdeza karatA hai ki prAtaHsnAna usa samaya karanA cAhie jaba udIyamAna sUrya kI aruNimA prAcI meM chA jaaye| snAna kA sAmAnya mantra hai : gaGge ca yamune caiva godAvari sarasvati / kAveri narmade sindho ale'smin sannidhi kuru // snAna karate samaya hindU isa bAta kI bhAvanA karatA hai ki bhArata kI samasta nadiyoM ke jala se vaha pavitra ho rahA hai| prAtizAkhya- vedoM ke aneka prakAra ke svaroM ke uccAraNa, padoM ke krama aura viccheda Adi kA nirNaya zAkhA ke jina vizeSa vizeSa granthoM dvArA hotA hai unheM prAtizAsya kahate haiM / prAtizAkhyoM meM hI mUlataH zikSA aura vyAkaraNa donoM pAye jAte haiN| prAcIna kAla meM vedoM kI sabhI zAkhAoM ke prAtizAkhyoM kA pracalana thA, parantu aba kevala Rgveda kI zAkala zAkhA kA zaunakaracita RkprAtizAkhya, vAjasaneyI zAkhA kA kAtyAyana racita vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya, sAma vedIya zAkhA kA puSpa muniracita sAmaprAtizAkhya aura athaprAtizAkhya kI zaunakIya caturadhyAyI upalabdha hai / RkprAtizAkhya meM tIna kANDa, cha: paTala aura eka sau tIna kaNDikAeM haiM, isa prAtizAkhya kA pariziSTa rUpa 'upalekha sUtra' nAma kA eka grantha bhI milatA hai / kAtyAyana ke vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya meM ATha adhyAya hai| pahale adhyAya meM saMjJA aura paribhASA hai| dUsare meM svaraprakriyA hai / tIsare se pAMcaveM adhyAya taka saMskAra hai| chaThe aura sAtaveM adhyAya meM kriyA ke uccAraNa bheda haiM aura AThaveM adhyAya meM svAdhyAya arthAt vedapATha ke niyama diye gaye haiM sAmaprAtizAkhya ke racayitA puSpa muni hai| isameM dasa prapAThaka haiM / pahale do prapAThakoM meM dazarAtra, saMvatsara, ekAha, ahIna satra prAyazcitta aura kSudra paryAnusAra sAmasamUha kI saMjJAe~ saMkSepa se batAyI gayI haiN| tIsare aura cauthe prapAThaka meM sAma meM zruta, ArhabhAva aura prakRta bhAva "

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prAptivata-prAyazcitta ke sambandha se vidhyAtmaka upadeza haiN| pA~caveM prapAThaka meM vRddha aura avRddha bhAva kI vyavasthA hai| chaThe prapAThaka meM yaha vyavasthA hai ki sAmabhakti samUha kahA~ gAyA jAya aura kahA~ na gAyA jAya / sAtaveM aura AThaveM prapAThaka meM lopa, Agama aura varNavikAra Adi ke sambandha meM upadeza haiN| naveM prapAThaka meM bhAva kathana hai aura dasaveM tathA Age ke prapAThakoM meM kRSTAkRSTa nirNaya aura prastAva ke lakSaNAdi batAye gaye haiM / atharvaprAtizAkhya ke antargata zaunakIya caturadhyAyikA hai, jisameM (1) grantha kA uddezya, paricaya, aura vRtti; (2) svara aura vyaJjana kA saMyoga, udAttAdi lakSaNa, pragRhya, akSara vinyAsa, yukta varNa, yama, abhini- dhAna, nAsikya, svarabhakti, sphoTana, karSaNa aura varNakrama; (3) saMhitA prakaraNa; (4) krama nirNaya; (5) pada nirNaya aura (6) svAdhyAya kI AvazyakatA ke sambandha meM upadeza ye chaH viSaya batAye gaye haiM / pracalita hai| isakI kaI vyutpattiyAM batAyI gayI hai| nibandhakAroM ne isakA vyutpattigata artha 'prAyaH (= tapa), citta' (= dRDha saMkalpa) arthAt tapa karane kA dRDha saMkalpa kiyA hai / yAjJavalkyasmRti (3.206) kI bAlambhaTTI TIkA meM eka zlokAddha uddhRta hai, jisake anusAra isa zabda kI vyutpatti 'prAyaH = pApa, citta = zuddhi' arthAt pApa kI zuddhi kI gayI hai (prAyaH pApaM vinirdiSTaM cittaM tasya vizodhanam) / parAzaramAdhavIya (2.1.3) meM eka smRti ke AdhAra para kahA gayA hai ki prAyazcitta vaha kriyA hai jisake dvArA anutApa karane vAle pApI kA citta mAnasika asantulana se (prAyazaH) mukta kiyA jAtA hai| prAyazcitta naimittikIya kRtya hai kintu isameM pApamocana kI kAmanA kartA meM hotI hai, jisase yaha kAmya bhI kahA jA sakatA hai| prAtizAkhyoM meM se kucha bahuta prAcIna haiM to koI-koI pANinIya sUtroM ke bAda ke bhI haiN| kaI pAzcAtya vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya ke racane vAle kAtyAyana tathA pANinisUtroM ke vArtikakAra kAtyAyana donoM eka hI vyakti haiM / vArtikoM meM jisa taraha unhoMne pANini kI samAlocanA kI hai, usI taraha prAtizAkhyoM meM bhI kI hai| isI se nizcaya hotA hai ki vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya pANini ke sUtroM ke bAda kA hai| prAtizAkhya meM zikSA kA viSaya adhika hai aura vyAkaraNa kA viSaya prAsaMgika hai| vAstavika prAtizAkhya meM vyAkaraNa ke sampUrNa lakSaNoM kA abhAva hai, zikSA kA viSaya hI prAtizAkhyoM kI vizeSatA hai, yadyapi vaijJAnika rIti se isa viSaya ke Upara zaunakIya zikSA meM hI pratipAdana huA hai| prAptivata-jo vyakti ekabhakta paddhati se eka varSa paryanta AhArAdi karatA hai aura bhojanasahita jalapUrNa kalaza dAna karatA hai, vaha eka kalpa taka zivaloka meM vAsa karatA hai| prAyazcitta-vaidika granthoM meM prAyazcitti aura prAyazcitta donoM zabda eka hI artha meM pAye jAte haiM / inase pApamocana ke lie pArmika kRtya athavA tapa karane kA bodha hotA hai| paravartI sAhitya meM 'prAyazcitta' zabda hI adhika pApa aicchika aura anaicchika do prakAra ke hote haiM, isalie dharmazAstra meM isa bAta para vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki donoM prakAra ke pApoM meM pAyazcitta karanA Avazyaka hai yA nahIM / eka mata hai ki kevala anaicchika pApa prAyazcitta se dUra hote haiM aura unhIM ko dUra karane ke lie prAyazcitta karanA cAhie; aicchika pApoM kA phala to bhoganA hI par3atA hai, unakA mocana prAyazcitta se nahIM hotA (manu 11.45; yAjJa0 3.226) / dUsare mata ke anusAra donoM prakAra ke pApoM ke lie prAyazcitta karanA cAhie; bhale hI pAralaukika phalabhoga (narakAdi) manuSya ko apane duSkarma ke kAraNa bhoganA pdd'e| prAyazcitta ke dvArA vaha sAmAjika samparka ke yogya ho jAtA hai (gautama 19.7.1) / bahuta se aise aparAdha hai jinake lie rAjadaNDa aura prAyazcitta donoM kA vidhAna dharmazAstroM meM pAyA jAtA hai| jaise-hatyA, corI, sapiNDa se yonisambandha, dhokhA Adi / isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki rAjadaNDa se manuSya ke zArIrika kAryoM para niyantraNa hotA hai, kintu usakI mAnasika zuddhi nahIM hotI aura vaha sAmAjika samparka ke yogya nahIM banatA / ataH dharmazAstra meM prAyazcitta bhI Avazyaka batalAyA gayA hai| prAyazcitta kA vidhAna karate samaya isa bAta para vicAra kiyA gayA hai ki pApa athavA aparAdha kAmataH (icchA se) kiyA gayA hai athavA anicchA se (akAmataH); prathama aparAdha hai athavA punarAvRtta / sAtha hI paristhiti, samaya, sthAna, varNa, vaya, zakti, vidyA, dhana hatyA, corI hai ki rAja kintu ura

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prAvaraNaSaSThI - preyamedha Adi para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai / yadi pariSad dvArA vihita prAyazcitta kI avahelanA koI vyakti karatA thA to use rAjya daNDa detA thaa| aba dharmazAstra, pariSad aura jAti sabhI ke prabhAva uThate jA rahe haiM, kucha dhArmika parivAroM ko chor3akara prAyazcitta koI nahIM karatA / prAyazcitta ke Upara dharmazAstra kA bahuta bar3A sAhitya hai / smRtiyoM ke moTe taura para tIna vibhAga hai : AcAra vyavahAra aura praayshcitt| isake atirikta bahuta se nibandha grantha aura paddhatiyA~ bhI prAyazcittoM para likhI gayI hai| prAvaraNaSaSThI - yaha zItakAla meM or3hanA dAna karane kI tithi hai / mArgazIrSa zukla SaSThI ko devoM, dInoM tathA brAhmaNoM ko zIta nivAraNa ke lie kucha vastueM ( kambalAdi) dAna meM denI caahie| de0 gadAdharapaddhati, kAlasAra bhAga, 84 / prAvaraNotsava - mArgazIrSa zukla SaSThI ko puruSottama jagannAtha bhagavAn kI bAraha yAtrAoM meM se eka yAtrA hotI hai / priyameSa- Rgveda ke priyameSasUkta (6.45) meM yaha eka RSi kA nAma hai, jahA~ unake parivAra priyamedhasaH kA anekoM bAra ullekha huA hai / priyAdAsa mahAprabhu caitanya dvArA pracArita gauDIya sampradAya ke anuyAyI eka mahAtmA / nAbhAjI kRta 'bhaktamAla' nAmaka saMtoM ke aitihAsika grantha ke ye suprasiddha bhASyakAra haiN| isameM inhoMne brajabhASA kI prAMjala zailI meM kavittamayI racanA kI hai / inakA samaya 18vIM zatI hai / bhaktasamAja meM bhaktamAla aura usakI priyAdAsI vyAkhyA vedavAkya mAnI jAtI hai / prItivrata - eka vaiSNava vrata / isase bhagavAn viSNu meM rati aura unake loka kI prApti hotI hai jo vyakti ApAr3a mAsa se cAra mAsa taka vinA tela ke snAna karatA hai aura isake pazcAt vyaMjana sahita susvAdu khAdya padArtha dAna meM arpita karatA hai, vaha viSNuloka ko jAtA hai| preta - vaidika sAhitya meM preta ( deha se nirgata) kA mRta vyakti artha (zata0 prA0 10.5.2.13) hotA hai| para vartI sAhitya meM isakA artha pretAtmA (bhUta-preta ) hotA haiM, jo azarIrI hote hue bhI ghUmatA rahatA hai aura jIva dhAriyoM ko kaSTa detA hai / 431 pretacaturdazI-kArtika kRSNa caturdazI ko rAtri meM isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| yadi saMyoga se usa dina maMgalavAra tathA citrA nakSatra ho to mahAn puNya upalabdha hogaa| ziva isake devatA hai| caturdazI ko upavAsa karake zivapUjanoparAnta bhaktoM ko upahArAdi dekara bhojana karAyA jAya; isa dina gaMgAsnAna se manuSya pApamukta ho jAtA hai| isake atirikta apAmArga kI TahanI lekara sira para phairanI cAhie tathA bAda meM yama ke nAma (kula 14) lekara tarpaNa karanA cAhie / isI dina nadItaTa para, brahmA, viSNu tathA ziva ke mandiroM meM, svagRha meM, caurastoM para dIpamAlikA prajvalita kI jaay| isa kRtya ko karane vAlA apane parivAra kI 21 pIr3hiyoM sahita zivaloka prApta karatA hai / isI tithi ko parivAra ke una sadasyoM ke lie lukATiyA~ jalAyI jAya~ jo zastrAghAta se mare hoM aura anyoM ke lie amAvasyA ke dina / vratakartA isa dina pretopAkhyAna zravaNa karatA hai (una pA~ca pretoM kI kathA jo eka brAhmaNa ko jaMgala meM mile the / 'saMvatsara pradIpa' meM isakA nirdeza hai| de0 varSakRtyakaumudI, 461-467, yaha bhISma ne yudhiSThira ko sunAyI thI ) jisako sunane tathA AcaraNa karane se manuSya pretayoni ( azarIrI yoni) ko ghaTA sakatA hai tathA pretatva se mukta bhI ho sakatA hai / vratI una caudaha vanaspatiyoM ko grahaNa kare jo 'kRtyacintAmaNi' kI bhUmikA ( pR0 18 ) meM nirdiSTa haiM / de0 rAjamArttaNDa, 1338 - 1345 / tithitattva, pR0 124 tathA raghunandana ke kRtyatasva meM ve 14 vanaspati parigaNita haiM / kadAcit isakA pretacaturdazI nAma isalie par3A hai ki isa dina pretopAkhyAna' sunanA sunAnA caahie| premarasa- yaha vallabhAcArya ke puSTimArgIya sAhitya se samba ndhita, 16vIM zatAbdI ke madhya kRSNadAsa dvArA vrajabhASA meM racA huA eka grantha hai| isameM premarasarUpA bhakti kA vivecana aura varNana hai / premavilAsa - gauDIya vaiSNava sAhitya sambandhI 17vIM zatAbdI kA grantha / isake racayitA nityAnandadAsa haiM / yaha grantha caitanya sampradAya kA itihAsa prastuta karatA hai / premAnanda - svAmInArAyaNIya sAhitya meM anekoM kavitAe~ gujarAtI bhASA meM 'premAnanda' dvArA racita prApta haiM / preyameSa-priyamedha ke vaMzaja yaha una purohitoM kA paitRka nAma hai, jinhoMne tryAtreya udgama ke lie yajJa kiyA thA /

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432 prodgItAgama-phalatyA isakA ullekha aitareya brAhmaNa (8.22) meM hai| yajurveda umA vihaGgamaH kAlaH kubjinI priya pAvako / saMhitA meM inheM sabhI yajJavidyAoM ke jJAtA kahA pralayAgnirnIlapAdo'kSaraH pazupatiH zazI / / gayA hai| tIna prayamedhasoM kA ullekha taittirIya brAhmaNa phUtkAro yAminI vyaktA pAvano mohavarddhanaH / (2.19) meM huA hai| gopatha brAhmaNa (1.3.15) meM inheM niSphalA vAgahaGkAraH prayAgo grAmaNIH phalam // bhAradvAja kahA gayA hai| phaTa-tAntrika mantroM kA eka sahAyaka zabda / isakA svayaM prodgIta Agama-prodgIta kA nAma udgIta bhI hai / yaha __ kucha artha nahIM hotA, yaha avyaya hai aura mantroM ke anta raudrika AgamoM meM se eka hai| meM AghAta yA ghAta kriyA ke bodhanArtha jor3A jAtA hai / prauDhivAda-kisI mAnyatA ko asvAbhAvika rUpa se, bala- yaha astrabIja hai / 'bIjavarNAbhidhAna' meM kahA gayA hai : pUrvaka sthApita krnaa| yathA advaita vedAntiyoM kA 'phaDatvaM zastramAyudham / ' arthAt phaT zastra athavA Ayudha antima vAda ajAtavAda prauDhivAda. kahA jA sakatA hai, ke artha meM prayukta hotA hai| abhicAra karma meM 'svAhA' kyoMki yaha saba prakAra kI utpatti ko, cAhe vaha vivarta ke sthAna meM isakA prayoga hotA hai| vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke rUpa meM kahI jAya, cAhe dRSTisRSTi yA avaccheda athavA (7.3) meM isakA ullekha huA hai : pratibimba ke rUpa meM, asvIkAra karatA hai aura kahatA hai 'devAMzo yasmai tveDe tatsatyamupari pratA bhanena hato'sau ki jo jaisA hai vaha vaisA hI hai aura saba vizva brahma hai| phaT / ' 'vedadIpa' meM mahIdhara ne isakA bhASya isa prakAra brahma anirvacanIya hai, usakA varNana zabdoM dvArA ho hI kiyA hai : nahIM sakatA, kyoMki hamAre pAsa jo bhASA hai, vaha dvaita kI hI hai, arthAt jo kucha hama kahate haiM vaha bheda ke AdhAra "asau dveSyo hato nihataH san phaT vizIrNo bhavatu / para hii| 'triphalA vizaraNe' asya vibantasyaitad rUpam / phalatIti plakSa prAstravaNa-eka tIrthasthAna kA nAma, jo sara phaTa, Dalayoraikyam / svAhAkArasthAne phaDityabhicAre svatI ke udgama sthAna se cavAlIsa dina kI yAtrA para / pryujyte|" thaa| isakA ullekha paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (25.10.16.22), phalatRtIyA-zukla pakSa kI tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA Arambha kAtyAyanazrautasUtra (24.6.7), lATyAyanazrautasUtra (10. hotA hai| eka varSa paryanta yaha calatA hai| devI durgA 17, 11,14) tathA jaiminIya-upaniSad brA0 (4.26.12) isakI devatA haiM / yaha vrata adhikAMzataH mahilAoM ke lie meM huA hai| RgvedIya Azva0 zrI0 sU0, 12.6; zAlA0 vihita hai / isameM phaloM ke dAna kA vidhAna hai parantu vratI zrau0 sU0, 13.19,24 meM isa kSetra ko 'plakSa-prasravaNa' svayaM phaloM kA parityAga kara nakta paddhati se AhAra karatA kahA gayA hai, jisakA artha sarasvatI kA udgama sthAna hai tathA prAyaH gehU~ ke bane khAdya tathA cane, mUMga Adi kI hai na ki isake antardhAna hone kA sthAna / dAleM grahaNa karatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa use kabhI bhI sampatti athavA dhAnyAdi kA abhAva tathA durbhAgya nahIM dekhanA pdd'taa| pha-vyaJjana varNoM ke paJcama varga kA dvitIya akSara / kAma phalatyAgavata-yaha vrata mArgazIrSa zukla tRtIyA, aSTamI, dhenutantra meM isakA tattva nimnAMkita hai : dvAdazI athavA caturdazI ko Arambha hotA hai, eka varSa phakAraM zRNu cArvaGgi raktavidyullatopamam / paryanta calatA hai| isake ziva devatA haiN| eka varSa taka caturvargapradaM varNa paJcadevamayaM sadA // vratI ko samasta phaloM ke sevana kA niSedha hai / vaha kevala paJcapANamayaM varNa sadA triguNa saMyutam / 18 dhAnya grahaNa kara sakatA hai| use bhagavAn zaMkara, AtmAditattva saMyuktaM tribindu sahitaM sadA / / nandIgaNa tathA dharmarAja kI suvarNa pratimAeM banavAkara 16 tantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma hai : prakAra ke phaloM kI AkRti ke sAtha sthApita karanA phaH sakhI durgiNI dhUmrA vAmapAzrvI janArdanaH / cAhie / phaloM meM kUSmANDa, Amra, badara, kadalI, unase jayA pAdaH zikhA raudro phetkAraH zAkhinI priyaH / / kucha choTe Amalaka, udumbara, badarI tathA anya phaloM (jaise

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phalavata-phalAhAraharipriyavrata 433 imalI) kI tridhAtu kI AkRtiyA~ banavAkara dhAnya ke Dhera para rakhanI cAhie / do kalazoM ko jala se paripUrNa karake vastra se AcchAdita kiyA jAya / varSa ke anta meM pUjA tathA vrata ke uparAnta uparyukta samasta vastue~ tathA eka gau kisI sapatnIka brAhmaNa ko dAna meM de dI jAya~ / yadi uparyukta vastuoM ko dene meM vratI asamartha ho to kevala dhAtu ke phaloM, kalaza tathA ziva evaM dharmarAja kI prati- mAe~ hI dAna meM de de| isa Ayojana se vratI rudraloka meM sahasroM yugoM taka nivAsa karatA hai| phalavata-(1) ASAr3ha se cAra mAsa taka vizAla phaloM ke upabhoga kA tyAga (jaise kaTahala, kUSmANDa) tathA kArtika mAsa meM unhIM phaloM ko sone ke banavAkara eka jor3A gau ke sAtha dAna karanA, isako phalavrata kahate haiN| isake sUrya devatA haiN| isake AcaraNa se sUryaloka meM sammAna milatA hai / (2) kAlanirNaya, 140 tathA brahmapurANa ke anusAra bhAdrapada zukla pratipadA ko vratI ko mauna vrata dhAraNa karate hue tIna prakAra ke (pratyeka prakAra ke phaloM meM 16, 16) pake hue phala lekara unheM devArpaNa karake kisI brAhmaNa ko de denA caahie| phalaSaSThIvata-mArgazIrSa zukla paJcamI ko niyamoM kA pAlana, SaSThI ko eka suvarNakamala tathA eka suvarNaphala banavAnA caahie| madhyAhna kAla meM donoM ko kisI mRtpAtra yA tAmrapAtra meM rakhanA caahie| usa dina upavAsa rakhate hue phUla, phala, gandha, akSata Adi se unakA pUjana karanA caahie| saptamI ko pUrva vastue~ nimnokta zabda bolate hue dAna kara denI cAhie 'sUryaH mAM prasIdatu' / vratI ko agale kRSNa pakSa kI paJcamI taka eka phala tyAga denA caahie| yaha AcaraNa eka varSa taka ho, pratyeka mAsa meM saptamI ke dina sUrya ke bAraha nAmoM meM se kisI eka nAma kA japa kiyA jAya / ina AcaraNoM se vratI samasta pApoM se mukta hokara sUryaloka meM sammAnita hotA hai| phalasaGkrAntivrata-saGkrAnti ke dina snAnoparAnta puSpAdi se sUrya kA pUjana karanA caahie| bAda meM zarkarA se paripUrNa pAtra ATha phaloM ke sahita kisI ko dAna karanA cAhie / taduparAnta kisI kalaza para sUrya kI pratimA rakhakara puSpAdi se usakA pUjana karanA cAhie / phalasaptamI-(1) bhAdra zukla saptamI ko upavAsa rakhate hue sUrya kA pUjana, aSTamI ko prAtaH sUryapUjana tathA brAhmaNoM ko khajUra, nArikela tathA mAtuluGga phaloM kA dAna kiyA jAya tathA ye zabda bole jAya~ : 'sUryaH prasIdatu' / vratI aSTamI ko eka phala khAye tathA ina zabdoM kA uccAraNa kare : 'sarvAH kAmanAH paripUrNA bhavantu' / mana ke santoSArtha vaha aura phala khA sakatA hai / eka varSa isa kRtya kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| vratI isase putra-pautra prApta karatA hai| (2) bhAdra zukla caturthI, paJcamI tathA SaSThI ko kramazaH ayAcita, ekabhakta tathA upavAsa paddhati se AhAra kare / gandhAkSata, puSpAdi se sUrya kA pUjana tathA sUryapratimA jisa vedI para rakhI jAya usake sammukha rAtri ko zayana kare / saptamI ke dina pUjanoparAnta phaloM kA naivedya arpaNa kiyA jAya, brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA jAya, tadanantara svayaM bhojana karanA cAhie / yadi phaloM kA naivedya arpaNa karane kI kSamatA na ho to gehU~ yA cAvala ke ATe meM ghI, guDa, jAyaphala kA chilakA tathA nAgakesara milAkara, naivedya banAkara arpita kiyA jAya / yaha krama eka varSa taka calanA caahie| vrata ke anta meM sAmarthya ho to sone ke phala, gau, vastra, tAmrapAtra kA dAna kiyA jAya / vratI nirdhana ho to brAhmaNoM ko phala tathA tila ke cUrNa kA bhojana karA de| isase vratI samasta pApoM, kaThinAiyoM tathA dAridraya se dUra hokara sUryaloka ko prApta karatA hai| (3) mArgazIrSa zukla paJcamI ko niyamoM kA pAlana kiyA jAya, SaSThI ko upavAsa, eka suvarNakamala, eka phala tathA zarkarA dAna meM dI jaay| dAna ke samaya 'sUryaH mAM prasIdatu' maMtroccAraNa kiyA jAya / saptamI ke dina brAhmaNoM ko dugdha sahita bhojana karAyA jAya / usa dina se Ane vAlI kRSNa pakSa kI paJcamI taka vratI ko koI eka phala chor3a denA cAhie / sUrya nArAyaNa ke bhinna-bhinna nAma lekara unakA pUjana sAla bhara calAnA cAhie / varSa ke anta meM sapatnIka brAhmaNa ko vastra, kalaza, zarkarA, suvarNa kA kamala tathA phalAdi dekara sammAna karanA caahie| isase vratI samasta pApoM se mukta hokara sUryaloka jAtA hai| phalAhAraharipriya vrata-viSNudharmottara ( 3.149.1-10) ke anusAra yaha caturtivrata hai| vasanta meM viSuva divasa se tIna dina ke lie upavAsa prArambha kara vAsudeva bhagavAna kI pUjA karanI cAhie / tIna mAsa taka yaha

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phalgutIrtha (somatIrtha)-bakasara pUjA pratidina calatI hai| tadanantara tIna mAsa taka kevala yaha vararuci kI racanA hai| isake zeSAMza meM zloka diye phalAhAra karanA cAhie / isake pazcAt zarad meM viSuva ke hue hai. dAmodara ke putra rAmakRSNa kI likhI isa para eka tIna mAsa taka upavAsa karanA caahie| isameM pradyumna ke vatti bhI hai| pUjana kA vidhAna hai| isa samaya yAvaka kA AhAra karanA phetkArItantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' ke causaTha tantroM kI / caahie| varSa ke anta meM brAhmaNoM ko dAna denA caahie| tAlikA meM dvitIya krama para 'phetkArItantra' hai| isase manuSya viSNuloka prApta karatA hai / phalgutIrtha ( somatIrtha)-kurukSetramaNDala kA pavitra tIrtha / yahA~ phaloM kA prAcIna vana thA, jo kurukSetra ke sAta ba-vyaJjana vargoM ke paMcama varga kA tIsarA akSara / pavitra vanoM meM ginA jAtA thA / yahA~ para pitRpakSa meM kAmadhenutantra meM isakA mAhAtmya isa prakAra hai : tathA somavatI amAvasyA ke dina bahuta bar3A melA lagatA bakAraM zRNu cAvaGgi caturvargapradAyakam / hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ zrAddha, tarpaNa tathA piNDadAna zaraccandrapratIkAzaM paJcadevamayaM sadA // karane se gayA ke samAna hI phala hotA hai| paJcaprANAtmakaM varNa tribindusahitaM sadA // phAlgunamAsakRtya-yaha smaraNa rakhanA cAhie ki samasta vArSika mahotsava dakSiNa bhArata ke vizAla tathA choTe-choTe tantrazAstra meM isake bahuta se nAma diye hue haiM : mandiroM meM prAyaH phAlguna mAsa meM hI Ayojita hote haiM / bo vanI bhUdharo mArgI carcarI locanapriyaH / pracetAH kalasaH pakSI sthalagaNDaH kapadinI // kucha choTI-choTI bAtoM kA yahA~ aura ullekha kiyA jAtA hai / phAlguna zukla aSTamI ko lakSmIjI tathA sItAjI pRSThavaMzo bhayAmAtuH zikhivAho yugandharaH / sukhabindurbalo caNDA yoddhA trilocanapriyaH // kI pUjA hotI hai| yadi phAlgunI pUrNimA ko phAlgunI surabhirmukhaviSNuzca saMhAro vasudhAdhipaH / nakSatra ho to vratI ko palaMga tathA bichAne yogya sundara SaSThApuraM capeTA ca modako gaganaM prati / / vastra dAna meM dene caahie| isase subhAryA kI prApti hotI hai jo apane sAtha saubhAgya liye calI AtI hai| kazyapa pUrvASADhAmadhyaliGgI zaniH kumbhatRtIyako / tathA aditi se aryamA kI tathA atri aura anasUyA se baka dAlbhya-dalbha kA vaMzaja / chAndogya upaniSada meM candramA kI utpatti phAlgunI pUrNimA ko huI thii| ataeva yaha eka AcArya kA nAma hai (1. 2, 13, 12,1) / ina devoM kI candrodaya ke samaya pUjA karanI caahie| a0 saM0 ke anusAra (30.2) vaha dhRtarASTra ke sAtha yajJa pUjana meM gIta, vAdya, nRtyAdi kA samAveza honA caahie| ___ sambandhI vivAda karate hue vaNita hai| phAlganI pUrNimA ko hI dakSiNa bhArata meM 'uttira' nAmaka bakapaJcaka-kArtika zukla ekAdazI ( viSNaprabodhinI ) mandirotsava kA bhI Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai / se pUrNimA taka ke pA~ca dina 'bakapaJcaka' nAma se kahe phAlgunazravaNadvAdazI-phAlguna meM yadi dvAdazI ko zravaNa ___jAte hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki ina dinoM bagule bhI matsya nakSatra ho to usa dina upavAsa karake bhagavAna hari kA kA AhAra nahIM krte| ataeva manuSya ko kama-se-kama pUjana karanA cAhie / de0 nIlamata purANa, pR0 52 / ina dinoM mAMsa bhakSaNa kadApi nahIM karanA caahie| phullasUtra-sAmaveda kA eka zrautasUtra / yaha gobhila kI bakasara-(1) bihAra pradeza ke zAhAbAda jile meM sthita prasiddha racanA kahA jAtA hai| isa grantha ke pahale cAra prapAThakoM tIrthasthala / prAcIna kAla meM yaha sthAna siddhAzrama kahA meM nAnA prakAra ke pAribhASika aura vyAkaraNa dvArA gaThita jAtA thaa| maharSi vizvAmitra kA Azrama yahIM thA, jahA~ aise zabda Aye haiM jinakA marma samajhanA kaThina hai / inakI rAma-lakSmaNa ne mArIca, subAha Adi ko mArakara RSi TIkA bhI nahIM miltii| kintu zeSa aMza para eka vizada ke yajJa kI rakSA kI thii| Aja bhI gaGgA ke taTa para bhASya ajAtazatru kA likhA huA hai| Rk mantrarUpI purAne caritravana kA kucha thor3A avazeSa bacA huA hai, jo kalikA kisa prakAra sAmarUpa puSpa meM pariNata huI, isa maharSi vizvAmitra kA yajJasthala hai / bakasara meM saGgamezvara, grantha meM yaha batAyA gayA hai / dAkSiNAtyoM meM prasiddhi hai ki somezvara, citrarathezvara, rAmezvara, siddhanAtha aura gaurI

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bakulAmAvasyA-badarInAtha 435 zaGkara nAmaka prAcIna mandira hai, bakasara kI paJcakrozI bhI ye apane prAcIna vizvAsoM evaM rivAjoM para calate dekhe / parikramA meM sabhI tIrtha A jAte haiN| jAte haiM jo draviDavarga se milate-julate haiN| (2) unnAva jile meM eka dUsarA bakasara zivarAjapura se baMjAroM kA dharma jAdUgarI hai aura ye guru ko mAnate haiM / tIna mIla pUrva par3atA hai| yahA~ vANIzvara mahAdeva kA mandira inakA purohita bhagata kahalAtA hai| sabhI bImAriyoM kA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki durgAsaptazatI meM jina rAjA suratha kAraNa inameM bhUta-preta kI bAdhA, jAdU-TonA Adi mAnA tathA samAdhi nAmaka vaizya ke tapa kA varNana hai unakI tapaH jAtA hai| inake devI-devatAoM kI lambI tAlikA meM sthalI yahIM hai| gaGgAdazaharA tathA kArtikI pUrNimA ko prathama sthAna mariyAI yA mahAkAlI kA hai (mAtRdevI kA yahA~ para melA lagatA hai| sabase vikarAla rUpa) / yaha devI bhagata ke zarIra meM utaratI bakulAmAvasyA-eka pitRvrata / pauSa mAsa kI amAvasyA hai aura phira vaha camatkAra dikhA sakatA hai / anya hai guru ko pitara logoM ko bakulapuSpoM tathA zarkarAyukta khIra se nAnaka, bAlAjI yA kRSNa kA bAlarUpa, tulajA devI tRpta karanA caahie| (dakSiNa bhArata kI prasiddha tulajApura kI bhavAnI mAtA), ziva bhaiyA, satI, miThTha bhUkiyA aadi| baggAsiMha-rAdhAsvAmI maTha, taranatArana (paMjAba) ke mahanta / __ madhya bhArata ke baMjAroM meM eka vicitra vRSabhapUjA kA santamata yA rAdhAsvAmI pantha ke Adi pravartaka hujUra pracAra hai| isa jantu ko hatAdiyA (avadhya ) tathA rAdhAsvAmIdayAlu urpha svAmIjI ke marane para ( saMvat bAlAjI kA sevaka mAnakara pUjate haiM, kyoMki bailoM kA 1935 ) unakA sthAna hujUra mahArAja arthAt rAyasAhaba kAravA~ hI inake vyavasAya kA mukhya sahArA hotA hai / sAligarAma mAthura ne grahaNa kiyA, jo pahale isa prAnta lAkha-lAkha bailoM kI pITha para boriyA~ lAdakara calane vAle ke posTamAsTara janarala the| unhIM ke gurubhAI, arthAt 'lakkhI baMjAre' kahalAte the| chattIsagar3ha ke baMjAre svAmIjI ke ziSya bAbA jayamalasiMha ne byAsa meM, bAbA 'baMjArI' devI kI pUjA karate haiM, jo isa jAti kI baggAsiMha ne taranatArana meM tathA bAbA garIbadAsa ne dillI mAtRzakti kI dyotaka hai| sAmAnyatayA ye loga hinduoM meM alaga-alaga gaddiyA~ calAyIM / ke sabhI devatAoM kI ArAdhanA karate haiM / baghauta-vanavAsI jAtiyoM-santhAla, goMDa Adi meM yaha baMjArI-de0 'bNjaaraa'| vizvAsa pracalita hai ki bAgha se mArA gayA manuSya bhayAnaka baTezvara (vikramazilA)-vihAra meM bhAgalapura se 24 mIla bhUta (pretAtmA) bana jAtA hai / use zAnta rakhane ke lie pUrva gaGgA ke kinAre baTezvaranAtha kA TIlA aura mandira usake marane ke sthAna para eka mandira kA nirmANa hotA hai hai| madhyakAla meM yahA~ vikramazilA nAmaka vizvavidyAlaya jise 'baghauta' kahate haiM / yahA~ usake lie niyamita bheTa thaa| usa samaya yaha pUrvI bhArata meM ucca zikSA kI vikhyAta pUjA kI jAtI hai / idhara se gujaratA huA hara eka yAtrI saMsthA thii| yahA~ se do mIla dUra parvata kI coTI para durvAsA eka patthara usake sammAna meM isa sthAna para rakhatA jAtA RSi kA Azrama hai / lagatA hai ki yahA~ kA vaTa vRkSa bodhihai aura yahA~ isa taraha pattharoM kA Dhera laga jAtA hai / hara vRkSa kA hI pratIka hai aura yaha zaivatIrtha bauddhavihAra kA eka lakar3ahArA yahA~ eka dIpa jalAtA hai yA Ahuti detA avaziSTa smAraka hai| hai tAki krodhita bhUta zAnta rahe / badarInAtha-uttara dizA meM himAlaya kI adhityakA para mukhya baMjArA-ghumakkar3a kabAyalI jAti / saMskRta rUpa 'vANijya- yAtrAdhAma / mandira meM nara-nArAyaNa vigraha kI pUjA hotI kaar| ye vyApArI ghUma-ghUmakara anna Adi vikraya vastu deza hai aura akhaNDa dIpa jalatA hai jo acala jJAnajyoti kA bhara meM pahu~cAte the| inakI saMkhyA 1901 I0 kI bhAratIya pratIka hai| yaha bhArata ke cAra dhAmoM meM pramukha tIrtha hai| janagaNanA meM 7,65,861 thii| inakA vyavasAya relave pratyeka hindU kI yaha kAmanA hotI hai ki vaha badarInAtha kA ke calane se kama ho gayA hai aura aba ye mizrita jAti darzana avazya kre| yahA~ zIta ke kAraNa alakaho gaye haiN| ye loga apanA janmasambandha uttara bhArata ke nandA meM snAna karanA atyanta kaThina hai| alakanandA ke brAhmaNa athavA kSatriya varNa se jor3ate haiM / dakSiNa meM Aja to darzana hI kiye jAte haiM / yAtrI taptakuNDa meM snAna karate

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baddha-barAkumbA haiM / vanatulasI kI mAlA, cane kI kaccI dAla, girI kA isa sampradAya kA sAdhuvarga pA~ca zAkhAoM meM vibhakta haigolA aura mizrI Adi kA prasAda car3hAyA jAtA hai / badarI- (1) khAlasA (2) nAgA (3) uttarADI (4) virakta tathA nAya kI mUrti zAlagrAmazilA se banI huI, caturbhuja dhyAnamudrA (5) khAkI / inameM se tIsarI zAkhA kI sthApanA paMjAba meM meM haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki yaha mUrti devatAoM ne nAradakuNDa banavArIdAsa dvArA huii| isa varga ke sAdhu vidyAvyasanI se nikAlakara sthApita kI thI / siddha, RSi, muni isake hote haiM jo anya sAdhuoM ko par3hAte haiM, kucha vaidya hote haiM pradhAna arcaka the| jaba bauddhoM kA prAbalya huA taba unhoMne jo cikitsA vyavasAya karate haiN| ise buddha kI mUrti mAnakara pUjA Arambha kI / zaGkarAcArya bandha-saMsAra meM lipta rahanA / yaha mokSa athavA 'mukti' kI kI pracArayAtrA ke samaya bauddha tibbata bhAgate hue mUrti viloma dazA hai / bandha ajJAna aura AsaktimUlaka hotA ko alakanandA meM pheMka gye| zaGkarAcArya ne alakanandA hai| jaba sadasat kA viveka ho jAtA hai aura sAdhaka se punaH bAhara nikAlakara usakI sthApanA kii| tadanantara saMsAra se ( rAga-dveSa se ) nilipta hotA hai taba bandha se mUrti punaH sthAnAntarita ho gayI aura tIsarI bAra taptakuNDa chuTakArA mila jAtA hai| se nikAlakara rAmAnujAcArya ne isakI sthApanA kii| bandhana-(1) saMsAra meM Asakti aura AvAgamana kA cakra / ___ mandira meM badarInAthajI kI dAhinI ora kubera kI mUrti hai| unake sAmane uddhavajI haiM tathA utsavamUrti (2) aparAdhoM ke lie daNDa kA eka prakAra, bandhanAgAra hai| utsavamUrti zItakAla meM barapha jamane para jozImaTha athavA kArAgAra / de0 'bandha' / meM le jAyI jAtI hai / uddhavajI ke pAsa hI caraNapAdukA bandha-(1) dharmazAstra ke anusAra pitRsambandha se samasta haiM / bAyIM ora nara-nArAyaNa kI mUrti hai| inake samIpa sagotriyoM ko bandhu kahA jAtA hai / ye dAyAda se bhinna hI zrIdevI aura bhUdevI haiN| hote haiN| donoM meM antara yaha hai ki dAyAda paitRka sampatti baddha-punarjanma ke siddhAntAnusAra AtmA janma tathA maraNa aura piNDadAna kA adhikArI hotA hai, parantu dAyAda ke kI zrRMkhalA meM ba~dhA rahatA hai| jaba taka jJAna athavA bhakti rahate hue bandhu isakA adhikArI nahIM hotaa| dvArA vaha mukta na kiyA jAya / daivI vyaktiyoM kA AtmA (2) tIna prakAra ke bandhu batalAye gaye haiMto nityamukta hotA hai, kintu sAdhAraNa mAnavoM ke AtmA 1. Atmabandhu, 2. pitRbandhu aura 3. mAtRbandhu / ko cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-(ka) baddha, jo jIvana sambandhI vAsanAoM se ba~dhe hue haiM / ( kha ) mumukSu, (3) sAmAnyataH mitra ke artha meM bhI 'bandhu' kA prayAga mukti kI icchA vaale| (ga) kevala ananya bhakta, Izvara hotA hai| kI bhakti meM tallIna rahane vAle aura (gha) makta. janma- babhruvAhana-nAgakanyA citrAMgadA se utpanna arjuna kA putra, karma ke bandhanoM se rahita / __jo maNipUra kA zAsaka thaa| yaha arjana se bhI adhika banajAtrA-mahAprabhu caitanya ke tirodhAna ke kucha varSa pUrva hI mahAtmA rUpa tathA sanAtana kucha ziSyoM ke sAtha barasAnA-vraja ko adhiSThAtA devatA rAdhA kA nivAsasthAna / vRndAvana meM basa gaye the| inhoMne bhaktisiddhAnta sambandhI yaha mathurA se paiMtIsa mIla dUra hai| isakA prAcIna nAma aneka granthoM kI racanA ke sAtha hI vraja ke sabhI pavitra bRhatsAnu, brahmasAnu athavA vRSabhAnupura hai / rAdhA zrI kRSNa sthAnoM ko khoja nikAlA / ve saba matharA aura vandAvana ke kI hlAdinI zakti evaM nikujezvarI mAnI jAtI hai / Asa-pAsa the tathA unakA varNana varAhapurANa ke 'matharA- isalie rAdhA kizorI ke upAsakoM kA yaha ati priya mAhAtmya' meM kiyA gayA hai / yahI saba bhakta aise vyakti the tIrtha hai| yahA~ bhAdra zukla aSTamI (rAdhASTamI) se caturdazI jinhoMne vrajamaNDala ke kRSNalIlA sambandhI pavitra sthAnoM taka bahuta sundara melA hotA hai / isI prakAra phAlguna zukla kI yAtrA pracalita kii| 84 kosa taka vistRta una grAma, aSTamI, navamI evaM dazamI ko holI kI AkarSaka lIlA parvata, vana-upavanoM kI yAtrA hI banajAtrA kahalAtI hai| hotI haiN| banavArIdAsa-dAdUpantha kI eka saMnyAsI zAkhA ke prvrtk| barAkumbA-eka grAmINa bhuumidevtaa| pRthvI mAtA kI

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barAma-bali utpAdanazakti prati varSa phasaloM kI upaja se hrAsa ko aura kahIM-kahIM viSNu ke avatAroM meM bhI inakI prApta hotI rahatI hai| ise punaH saJcita karane tathA gaNanA hai| pRthvI ko urvarA banAne ke lie kRSaka varga meM aneka prakAra balarAmadAsa-satrahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika cAlIsa varSoM kI pUjAe~ kI jAtI haiN| narmadA-tApI kI ghATI meM rahane meM baGgAla meM caitanya matAvalambI aneka prazastikAvyalekhaka vAlI 'pAvarA' nAmaka jAti phasala kaTane ke pahale 'barA- hue, jinameM sabase prasiddha kavi govindadAsa haiM / balarAmakumbA' aura 'rAno kAjala' ( deva-dampati) ko anAja dAsa inake samakAlIna the, jinhoMne eka mahattvapUrNa stutisamarpita karatI haiN| ye devadampati do samIpI vakSoM para grantha kI racanA kii| vAsa karate haiM / vivAha ke gItoM meM bhI inake vivAha kI balAkA-balAkA ( bagulA pakSiyoM ke jhuNDa ) kA ullekha gAthA hotI hai| taitti0 saM0 (6.24,5 evaM vAjasa0 saM0 24.22, 23) barAma-kyoMjhara ( ur3IsA pradeza) kI juAGga nAmaka meM azvamedha kI balitAlikA ke antargata haA hai| vanavAsI jAti kA vanadevatA 'barAma' hai| apane isa balAtkAra-anucita rIti se bala kA prayoga karake chInAsarvazreSTha devatA kI ve bahuta sammAnapUrvaka pUjA karate haiN| jhapaTI, mArapITa, atyAcAra karanA / dharmazAstra meM yaha baru-RgvedIya brAhmaNoM (aita0 brA0 6.15; kau0 vA. aparAdhoM meM ginA gayA hai / strIprasaGga athavA RNa vasUla 25.8) ke anusAra baru dazama maNDala ke 96 saMkhyaka karane kA anucita prakAra bhI balAtkAra kahalAtA hai / sUkta ke pravacanakartA haiN| dharmazAstra aura arthazAstra donoM meM vAdoM kI sUcI meM isakI bala-(1) zrI kRSNa ke bar3e bhaaii| de0 'blraam'| gaNanA hai| (2) eka asura kA nAma, jisakA vadha indra ne kiyaa| balAya-yajurveda ( vAjasa0 saM0 24.38, maitrA0 saM0 unakA eka nAma balArAti isI kAraNa huA hai| 3.14,19) ke anusAra azvamedha yajJa ke balipazuoM kI baladeva-(1) zrI kRSNa ke agraja, balarAma / __tAlikA meM uddhRta eka ajJAta pazu kA nAma / (2) aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM paM0 baladeva bali-(1) upahAra yA naivedya kI vastu / bali kA ullekha vidyAbhUSaNa ne caitanya sampradAya ke upayoga ke lie vedAnta- anekoM bAra Rgveda (1.70,9; 5.1.10 8.100.9 satra para 'govindabhASya' kI racanA kii| inake dArzanika eka devatA ke lie; 7.6,5; 10.173,6 eka rAjA ke mata kA nAma 'acintyabhedAbheda' hai| isake anasAra Izvara lie) tathA anya granthoM meM huA hai| bali pradAna icchAtathA AtmA kA sambandha acintya hai arthAt isakI nusAra kiyA jAtA thaa| usake aicchika svarUpa kI parikalpanA nahIM kI jA sktii| yaha kahanA bhI kaThina hai ki Nati rAjA kI utpatti meM huI, jisane niyamita rUpa se bali Izvara aura prakRti kA bheda satya hai athavA asatya / (utpAdana kA eka bhAga) lenA Arambha kiyaa| isake balarAma-nArAyaNIyopAkhyAna meM varNita vyUhasiddhAnta ke badale meM usase prajAvarga surakSA prApta karatA thaa| isI anusAra viSNa ke cAra rUpoM meM dUsarA rUpa 'saMkarSaNa' prakAra devoM ko bali denA svecchayA hotA thA, jise ve (prakRti = Aditattva) hai / saMkarSaNa balarAma kA anya nAma devatAoM dvArA kiye gaye mahAn anugraha kA deya 'kara' samahai jo kRSNa ke bhAI the| saMkarSaNa ke bAda pradyamna tathA jhate the / yajJoM meM aneka prakAra kI baliyoM kA varNana hai| aniruddha kA nAma AtA hai jo kramazaH manas evaM ahaMkAra (2) prasiddha dAnavarAja / yaha prahlAda kA pautra aura ke pratIka tathA kRSNa ke putra evaM pautra haiM / ye sabhI devatA ke virocana kA putra thaa| isane apane guru zukrAcArya ke mantra rUpa meM pUje jAte haiM / ina sabake AdhAra para caturgraha siddhAnta / aura apanI zakti se tInoM lokoM ko jIta liyaa| devatA kI racanA huI hai| jagannAthajI kI trimUrti meM kRSNa, usase trasta the, ve bhagavAn viSNu ke pAsa apanI rakSA ke subhadrA tathA balarAma tInoM sAtha virAjamAna haiM / isase bhI lie gaye / viSNu dayA karake kazyapa aura aditi se vAmana balarAma kI pUjA kA prasAra vyApaka kSetra meM pramANita rUpa meM utpanna hue aura tapasvI brAhmaNa kA rUpa dhAraNa hotA hai| kara bali ke pAsa gaye, jo dAna ke lie prasiddha thaa| sAmAnyatayA balarAma zeSanAga ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM vAmana ne bali se tIna paga bhUmi mA~gI / bali ne saharSa

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438 bali (bari, badagu)-bANagaMgA dAna diyA / vAmana ne turanta apanA vizAla trivikrama rUpa bahavaca-'jisameM bahata sI RcAe~ hoM', yaha Rgveda kA dhAraNa kara eka caraNa se sampUrNa pRthvI aura dUsare se svarga paryAya hai| nApa liyaa| tIsare caraNa ke lie sthAna nahIM thA ataH bahavaca upaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad / bali ne apanI pITha nApa dii| viSNu ne bali ko pAtAla bAghajAtrA-bhIla tathA rAjapUtoM meM vyAghra pUrvaja se janma kA rAjA banAkara vahA~ bheja diyA aura svarga devatAoM ko grahaNa karane kI kathA pracalita hai| isakA sambandha ziva vApasa kara diyA / isI ko balichalana kahate haiN| purANoM tathA durgA se bhI hai| kintu pUjA adhikAMza parvatIya bhAga meM bar3e bistAra se yaha kathA dI huI hai / de0 'vaamn'| meM hotI hai| vyAghra kA tyohAra nepAla meM 'bAghajAtrA' bali (bari, bedagu)-bali kannar3a zabda hai| isakA tamila kahalAtA hai, jisameM pujArI (bhakta) loga vyAghra ke rUpa meM anuvAda 'bari' tathA telugu 'bedagu' hai / isakA artha hai bAharI nAcate haiN| jAti (apane se bhinna sAMketika cihna dhAraNa karane vaalii)| bAghadeva-bainagaGgA ke kisAnoM meM eka vicitra kathA pAyI Tone ToTake (jAtIya cihna) meM vizvAsa rakhane vAlI eka jAtI hai| jaba koI vyakti bAdha dvArA mArA jAtA hai jAti dakSiNa bhArata meM pAyI jAtI hai| ye loga eka to usakI pUjA bAghadeva ke rUpa meM hotI hai| ghara ke vizeSa prakAra kA sAMketika cihna dhAraNa karate haiN| yaha ahAte meM eka jhopar3e ke nIce vyAghrapratimA rakhakara use cihna, jisa para isa varga kA nAmakaraNa hotA hai, kisI pari- pUjate haiM tathA prati varSa mRtyudivasa manAte samaya usakI cita pazu, machalI, pakSI, per3a, phala yA phUla kA hotA hai| vizeSa pUjA hotI hai| vaha pazu parivAra kA sadasya bana jo cihna dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai usakI pUjA bhI hotI / jAtA hai| hai| ye loga ve sabhI kArya karate haiM jinase usa cihna bAghabhairoM-nepAla ke gorakhA logoM ke mandira vibhinna (jAnavara yA per3a yA machalI) kI rakSA ho tathA use coTa devoM ke hote haiM tathA ve mizrita dharma kA bodha karAte haiN| na phuNce| inhIM mandiroM meM eka mandira bAghabhairoM (vyAghra rUpa meM ziva) kA hai, jo mUla jAtiyoM meM bahuta lokapriya hai / balipratipad, rathayAtrAvata-yaha vrata kArtika zukla pratipadA bANa-(1) mahArAja harSavardhana ke prasiddha rAjakavi / inhoMne ko manAyA jAtA hai| isa dina bhagavAn viSNu indra ke sAtavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM 'caNDIzataka' nAmaka lie bali se lakSmI ko haraNa karake lAye the| dIpAvalI kAvya likhA, jo dhArmika kI apekSA sAhityika adhika kI amAvasyA ko upavAsa rakhanA caahie| isake agni hai| isameM caNDI (durgA) kI stuti hai| bANa kI tathA brahmA devatA hai, donoM ko ratha meM rakhakara pUjA prasiddha sAhityika racanAe~ harSacarita aura kAdambarI haiM karanI cAhie / vidvAn brAhmaNa isa ratha ko khIMcakara vratI jo saMskRta gadya kA anupama Adarza haiM / harSacarita ke prArambha brAhmaNa ke ghara taka le jAyeM, tadanantara sAre nagara meM ratha meM bANa ne sUrya kI vandanA kI hai aura kAdambarI ke Arambha ghumAyA jAya / brahmA kI mUrti ke dakSiNa pArzva meM sAvitrI meM brahmA, viSNu, zaMkarAtmaka, triguNasvarUpa paramAtmA kii| kI mUrti rahe / vibhinna sthAnoM para ratha rokakara AratI, isase prakaTa hotA hai ki bANa ke samaya meM samanvayAtmaka dIpadAna Adi kiyA jaay| jo isa rathayAtrA meM bhAga devapUjA pracalita thii| lete haiM, jo ratha khIMcate haiM, jo dIpa jalAte haiM, jo zraddhA (2) bali kA putra prasiddha dAnava raajaa| isakI putrI bhakti pradarzita karate haiM, ve saba loga paraloka meM ucca USA kA gAndharvavivAha zrI kRSNa ke pautra aniruddha ke sAtha sthAna prApta karate haiN| citralekhA kI sahAyatA se huA thaa| bahulA-bhAdra kRSNa caturthI ko bahulA vrata kiyA jAtA hai| bANagaGgA-yaha tIrthasthAna brahmasara (kurukSetra) sarovara se yaha gau kI vAtsalya bhAvanA aura satyaniSThA ke lie lagabhaga tIna mIla hai aura eka kaccI sar3aka ise brahmasara vikhyAta hai| isa dina gauoM kI sevA pUjA karake vratI se milAtI hai| mahAbhArata ke yuddha meM pitAmaha bhISma isa ko pakAye hue jau kA sevana karanA caahie| isa vrata ke sthAna para arjuna ke bANoM se Ahata hokara zarazayyA para anuSThAna se santati aura sampatti kA bAhulya hotA hai| gire the| usa samama unake pAnI mAMgane para unakI icchA

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bAdarAyaNa-bArhaspatya (noti) zAstra se mahArathI arjuna ne bANa mArakara jamIna se pAnI bAnI-santoM ke race hue padyAtmaka upadeza / raidAsa, malUkanikAlA, jisakI dhArA sIdhe pitAmaha ke mukha meM girii| dAsa Adi aneka santoM kI bAniyA~ prasiddha hai / solahavIM yahA~ para cAroM ora pakke ghAToM se yukta sarovara hai tathA zatAbdI meM mahAtmA dAdU ne apanI zikSAe~ padya kI bhASA eka choTA sA mandira bhI hai| meM likhIM jinheM 'bAnI' kahate haiM / yaha kRti 37 adhyAyoM bAdarAyaNa-uttara mImAMsA ke prasiddha AcArya / inakA racA meM vibhAjita hai, jisameM 5000 padyoM kA saMkalana hai, jo 'vedAntasU.' yA 'brahmasUtra' brahmamImAMsA kA eka variSTha pramukha dhArmika praznoM kA uttara dete haiN| stutiyA~ bhI isameM grantha hai / isa grantha kI vizeSatAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki sammilita haiN| lAladAsa tathA rAmasanehI sampradAya ke isakI racanA ke pUrva aneka AcArya isa darzana para likha pravartaka rAmacarana kI zikSAe~ bhI 'vAnI' ke rUpa meM cuke hoNge| sUtroM meM sAta pUrvAcAryoM kA varNana prApta hotA saMgrahIta haiN| hai| bAdarAyaNa cauthI yA pAMcavIM I0 pU0 zatAbdI ke bAbA lAla-bar3odA ke pAsa inakA eka maTha hai, jisakA pahale hae the / bAdarAyaNa kA zAbdika artha hai 'badara kA nAma hai 'lAla bAbA kA shail'| ye nirgaNa upAsaka the / vaMzaja' / sAmavidhAna brAhmaNa ke anta meM eka AcArya kA itihAsa meM ullekha hai ki saMvat 1706 vi0 meM bAbA lAla nAma 'badara' milatA hai| aisA samajhA jAtA hai ki bAda- se dArAzikoha kI sAta bAra bheMTa huI aura zAhajahA~ rAyaNa aura vyAsa abhinna the / kI AjJA se do hindu daravAriyoM ne baiThakara bAbA lAla bAdAmI (vAtApIpura)-paurANika kathAnusAra prAcIna kAla ke upadeza phArasI bhASA meM likha ddaale| inakA nAma meM yaha nagara vAtApI nAmaka asura ke adhIna thA, jo 'nAdirunnukAta' rakhA gyaa| brAhmaNoM kA parama zatru thaa| agastya ne isakA vadha kiyA bAbAlAlI paMtha-nirguNa nirAkAra ke upAsaka kabIra thaa| yaha mahArASTra ke bIjApura jile meM hai| isake pUrvo- sAhaba ke mata se prabhAvita anekoM nirguNavAdI pantha cale sara eka durga hai, usameM bAyIM ora hanumAnajI kA mandira, jinameM se bAbAlAlI bhI eka hai, jo sarahinda meM bAbA Upara jAne para zivamandira, usase Age do tIna aura maMdira lAla ne pracArita kiyA / de0 'bAbA lAla' / isa pantha meM milate haiM / dakSiNa kI pahAr3I para pazcima ora cAra guhA- mUrtipUjA vajita hai| upAsanA tathA pUjA kA kArya kisI mandira haiN| tIna guhAe~ smArta dharma kI aura eka jaina bhI jAti kA puruSa kara sakatA hai, guru kI upAsanA para dharma ko hai| pahalI guhA meM 18 bhujA vAlI zivamUrti, jora diyA jAtA hai| rAmanAma, satyanAma yA zabda kA gaNezamUrti tathA gaNoM kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| Age viSNu, lakSmI yoga aura japa inake vizeSa sAdhana haiN| tathA zivapArvatI kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| pichalI dIvAra meM bArhaspatya-(1) bhautikavAdI vicArakoM kI paramparA isa mahiSAsuramardinI, gaNeza tathA skanda kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| deza meM prAcIna kAla se hI pracalita hai / ye loga vedoM meM dUsarI guhA meM vAmana, varAha, garuDArUDha nArAyaNa, zeSazAyI vizvAsa nahIM karate, inako nAstika, cArvAka, lokAyatika nArAyaNa kI mUrtiyA~ tathA kucha anya mUrtiyA~ haiN| tIsarI tathA bArhaspatya Adi nAmoM se pukArate haiN| bRhaspati guhA meM arddhanArIzvara ziva, pArvatI, nRsiMha, nArAyaNa, cArvAkoM ke AcArya mAne jAte hai, isalie cArvAkoM kI varAha Adi kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| jaina guhA meM jaina tIrthaGkaroM 'bArhaspatya' upAdhi par3a gayI hai / de0 'cArvAka' / kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| (2) vedAGga jyotiSa kA bhASya aura TippaNI sahita bAdha-tarka zAstra meM varNita pA~ca prakAra ke hetvAbhAsoM meM artha karanevAle eka bArhaspatya kA ullekha pro0 rAmadAsa se eka / sAdhyAbhAvavAn pakSa vAlA hetu bAdha yA bAdhita gaur3a ne 'hindutva' grantha meM kiyA hai| paJcAGga kI racanAkahalAtA hai / jaise 'agni ( pakSa ) zItala hai ( sAdhya )', vidhi bArhaspatya bhASya se spaSTa ho jAtI hai| isa vAkya meM agni kA zItala honA bAdhita yA asaMbhava hai| bArhaspatyatantra-yaha eka mizra tantra hai| bAdhva-aitareya AraNyaka (3.2,3 ) meM uddhRta eka bArhaspatya(nItizAstra-rAjanIti kI paramparA meM kathita AcArya / zAlAyana AraNyaka (8.3 ) meM isakA uccA- hai ki sarvaprathama pitAmaha ne eka lAkha padyoM meM daNDanIti raNa 'vAtsya' hai| zAstra kI racanA kI / usakA saMkSipta saMskaraNa dasa hajAra

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440 bAlakRSNa-bASkala upaniSad padyoM meM vizAlAkSa ne kiyaa| isakA bhI saMkSipta rUpa bAhu- samajhI jAtI hai| isa kRti se unakA advaitavAdI honA dantaka racita hai, jo pA~ca hajAra padyoM kA thaa| yaha grantha siddha hotA hai| pUrvamImAMsA ke prauDha vidvAn hote hue bhI bhISma pitAmaha ke samaya meM bArhaspatyazAstra ke nAma se unakA antaraMga bhAva advaitavAdI rahA hai| prasiddha thaa| yaha isa samaya upalabdha nahIM hai| bAlavata-vaha strI yA puruSa, jisane pUrva janma meM kisI bAla kRSNa-vallabha sampradAya ke puSTimArga meM kRSNa bhaga- bAlaka kI hatyA kI ho athavA samartha hone para bhI rakSA vAn kI upAsanA bAla bhAva meM kI jAtI hai, jo 'yazodA- na kI ho, vaha niHsantAna raha jAtA hai| aise niHsantati utsaMgalAlita' arthAt yazodA maiyA kI goda aura A~gana vyakti ko vastroM sahita kUSmANDa, vRSotsarga tathA suvarNa meM dularAye jAne vAle haiM / bAla kRSNa kI anekoM zizu- kA dAna karanA caahie| isa vrata ke anuSThAna se santAna lIlAoM ko bhAgavatapurANa ke dazama skandha meM prastuta kI prApti hotI hai / de0 padmapurANa, 3.5-14 tathA 31kiyA gayA hai / kRSNa kA yaha rUpa bahuta lokapriya hai| 32 / bAlakRSNa dAsa-aitareya, taittirIya, zvetAzvatara jaisI laghu bAlAjI-bAla kRSNa kA lokapriya nAma, jinakI pUjA dhana upaniSadoM ke zAMkarabhASya ke Upara sarala vyAkhyA ke tathA unnati ke devatA ke rUpa meM vaiSNavoM dvArA, vizeSa lekhaka / maitrAyaNI upaniSad para bhI inakI racI huI kara vaNikoM dvArA kI jAtI hai| bAsima (barAra) nAmaka vRtti hai| sthAna para ina bAlAjI kA eka ramaNIka mandira hai| bAlakRSNa bhaTTa-vallabha sampradAya ke pramukha granthakAra aura uttara tathA pazcimI bhArata ke vaNikoM meM inakI pUjA upadezaka / inakA 'prameyaratnArNava' nAmaka dArzanika grantha adhika pracalita hai| bahuta mUlyavAn hai| Andhra pradeza ke prasiddha devatA bhagavAna veMkaTezvara bhI bAlakRSNa mizra-mAnava zrautasUtra ke eka bhASyakAra / bAlAjI yA tirupati bAlAjI kahe jAte haiN| tirupati bAlakRSNAnanda-chAndogya tathA kenopaniSad para zaGkarAcArya kA artha zrIpati hai| ke bhASya ke Upara likhI gayI anekoM TIkAoM tathA vRttiyoM ___ aJjanIkumAra hanumAnajI kA eka lokapriya sthAnIya meM bAlakRSNAnanda kI vRtti bhI sammilita hai|| nAma bAlAjI hai, jo rAjasthAna ke jayapura jile meM bA~dIbAla gopAla-gopAla (kRSNa) kA bAlarUpa / kRSNa ke kuI se dakSiNa maha~dIpura kI pahAr3I meM virAjamAna haiN| prastuta rUpa kI upAsanA meM mAtA ke vAtsalya kA eka ina bAlAjI kA sthAna camatkArI siddha kSetra mAnA prakAra kA daivIkaraNa hai / vividha prakAra ke kRSNabhakti jAtA hai| sampradAyoM ke bIca bAla gopAla ke prati bhakti kA udaya bAlAtantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' ko tantrasUcI meM uddhRta vizeSa kara striyoM meM huA / bAla gopAla kI pUjA kA eka tantra grantha / / mukhyataH sAre bhArata meM prasAra hai / bhAgavata purANa meM bAla bAlenduvata athavA bAlendudvitIyA vrata-caitra zukla dvitIyA gopAla kA caritra vistAra ke sAtha vaNita hai| sampradAya ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isake anusAra kisI ke rUpa meM isakA pracAra solahavIM zatAbdI meM vallabhA nadI meM sAyaMkAla snAna karanA vihita hai| dvitIyA ke cArya aura unake anuyAyI ziSyoM dvArA huA hai| de0 candramA ke pratIka rUpa eka bAla candramA kI AkRti bnaa'baalkRssnn'| kara usakI zveta puSpoM, uttama naivedya tathA ganne ke rasa se bAlacarita-prAcIna nATakakAra bhAsa ne prathama zatI vi0 bane padArtho se pUjA kI jAnI caahie| pUjanoparAnta pU0 meM 'bAlacarita' nAmaka nATaka likhA, jo kRSNa ke vratI svayaM bhojana grahaNa kare kintu use tela meM bane khAdya bAla jIvana kA citraNa karatA hai| padArthoM ko nahIM khAnA caahie| eka varSa paryanta yaha vrata bAlabodhinI-yadyapi Apadeva mImAMsaka the kintu unhoMne calatA hai| isake AcaraNa se manuSya varadAna prApta kara sadAnanda kRta 'vedAntasAra' para bAlabodhinI nAmaka TIkA svarga prApta kara letA hai| likhI hai, jo nRsiMha sarasvatI kRta 'subodhinI' aura bASkala upaniSada-Rgveda kI eka upaniSad / bASkala rAmatIrtha kRta 'vidvanmanoraJjinI' kI apekSA adhika utkRSTa zrati kI kathA kA sAyaNAcArya ne bhI ullekha kiyA hai|

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bASkala zAkhA- bilvamaGgala saMprati Rgveda kI usI kI smRti isa isake upAkhyAna ke meSa kA rUpa dharakara gye| medhAtithi ne bASkala zAkhA kA lopa ho gayA hai / bASkala upaniSad meM banI huI hai / sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki indra kaNva ke putra medhAtithi ko svarga le meSarUpI indra se pUchA ki tuma kauna ho ? unhoMne uttara diyA, 'vizvezvara hai tumako satya ke samujjvala mArga para le jAne ke lie maiMne yaha kAma kiyA hai, tuma koI AzaMkA mata kro|' yaha sunakara medhAtithi nizcinta ho gaye vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki bASkala upaniSad prAcIna upaniSadoM meM se hai / bASkalazAkhA - vartamAna samaya meM Rgveda kI zAkala zAkhA ke antargata zaizirIya upazAkhA bhI pracalita haiM / kucha sthAnoM para bAla zAkhA kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| anya zAkhAoM se bASkala zAkhA meM itanA antara aura bhI hai ki isake AThaveM maNDala meM ATha mantra adhika haiM / aneka loga inheM 'vAlakhilya mantra' kahate haiN| bhAgavata purANa (12.6.59 ) ke anusAra bASkali dvArA vAlakhilya zAkhA anya zAkhAoM se saMkalita kI gayI thii| bAhudantakajanIti viSayaka eka prAcIna grantha, jo 'vizA lAkSa (indra) nItizAstra' kA saMkSipta rUpa aura pA~ca hajAra padyoM kA thaa| yaha bhISma pitAmaha ke samaya meM 'bArhaspatya zAstra' ke nAma se prasiddha thA / de0 'bArhaspatya' / bAhradanteya indra kA eka paryAya - biThUra - kAnapura ke samIpa prAya: pandraha mIla uttara gaMgAtaTa para avasthita eka tIrtha, jisakA prAcIna nAma brahmAvarta thA / biThUra meM gaGgAjI ke kaI ghATa haiM jinameM mukhya brahmAghATa hai / yahA~ bahuta se mandira haiM, jinameM mukhya mandira vAlmIkezvara mahAdeva kA hai| yahA~ prati varSa kArtika kI pUrNimA ko melA hotA hai| kucha logoM kA mata hai ki svAyambhuva manu kI yahI rAjadhAnI thI aura bhuva kA janma yahIM huA thaa| aMgrejoM dvArA nirvAsita pUnA ke nAnArAva pezavA yahIM tIrthavAsa karate the| bindu - (1) Adya sRSTi meM cit zakti kI eka avasthA, prathama nAda se bindu kI utpatti hotI hai / (2) dehasthita AjJAcakra yA bhRkuTI kA madhyavartI kalpita sthAna / aSTAMga yoga ke antargata dhyAnapraNAlI meM manovRtti ko yahA~ kendrita kiyA jAtA hai / isa sthAna se zakti kA udgama hotA hai / 441 bilAI mAtA -- eka aisI mAtRdevI kI kalpanA, jo billI kI taraha pahale sikur3I rahakara pIche bar3hatI jAtI hai / kucha mUrtiyA~ ( aura zilAkhaNDa bhI ) AkAra-prakAra meM bar3hatI rahatI haiM, jaise vaha patthara jise 'bilAI mAtA' kahate haiM / kAzI meM sthita tilabhANDezvara ( tilabhANDa ke svAmI) zivamUrti kA dina bhara meM tila ke dAne ke barAbara bar3hanA mAnA jAtA hai / bilva-lakSmI aura zaMkara kA priya eka pavitra vRkSa isake nIce pUjA-pATha karanA puNyadAyaka hotA hai / zivajI kI arcanA meM bilvapatra ( belapatra ) car3hAne kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai unako yaha ati priya hai| pUjA ke upAdAnoM meM kama se kama vilvapatra tathA gaGgAjala avazya hotA hai / bityatrirAtra vrata isa vrata meM jyeSThA nakSatra yukta jyeSTha kI pUrNimA ko sarasoM mile hue jala se bilva vRkSa ko snAna karAnA caahie| tadanantara gandha, akSata, puSpa Adi se usakI pUjA karanI caahie| eka varSa taka vratI ko 'ekabhakta' paddhati se AhArAdi karanA caahie| varSa ke anta meM bA~sa kI TokarI meM reta yA jau, cAvala, tila ityAdi bharakara usake Upara bhagavatI umA tathA zaMkara kI pratimAoM kI puSpAdi se pUjA karanI caahie| vilva vRkSa ko sambodhita karate hue una mantroM kA uccAraNa kiyA jAya jinameM vaidhavya kA abhAva, sampatti svAsthya tathA putrAdi kI prApti kA ullekha ho| eka sahasra bilvapatroM se homa karane kA vidhAna hai| cA~dI kA bilvavRkSa banAkara usameM suvarNa ke phala lagAye jaayeN| upavAsa rakhate hue trayodazI se pUrNimA taka jAgaraNa karane kA vidhAna hai| dUsare dina snAna karake AcArya kA vastrAbhUSaNoM se sammAna kiyA jAya / 16, 8 yA 4 sapatnIka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA jAya / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se umA, lakSmI, zacI, sAvitrI tathA sItA ne kramazaH ziva, kRSNa, indra, brahmA tathA rAma ko prApta kiyA thA / bilvamaGgala -- viSNusvAmI sampradAya ke eka ananya bhakta saMta zrI kRSNa evaM rAdhA ke prArthanAparaka inake saMskRta kavitAsaMgraha 'kRSNakarNAmRta' nAmaka grantha kA bhaktasamAja meM bar3A sammAna hai| inhIM kavitAoM ke kAraNa bilvamaGgala cirasmaraNIya ho gaye / kucha janazrutiyA~ kAlIkaTa tathA TrAvanakora ke nikaTa sthita padmanAbha mandira se inakA

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442 bilvalakSavata-budhavata saMbandha sthApita karatI haiM / sambhavataH inakA jIvanakAla ve janatA ko jo upadeza dete the ve sAdI lokabhASA meM pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai| geya pada yA bhajana ke rUpa meM hote the. tAla-svaroM para unake bilvalakSa vrata-yaha vrata zrAvaNa, vaizAkha, mAgha athavA vicAra kavitA ke rUpa meM nikalate the| unameM U~ce kavitva kArtika meM prArambha kiyA jAtA hai / prati dina tIna sahasra yA sAhityakalA kA abhAva hai para bhAva gahare aura rahasyabilva kI pattiyA~ eka lAkha pUrI hone taka zivajI para pUrNa haiM / unake sArabhUta dArzanika vicAra aise hI bhajanoM car3hAyI jAya~ / (strI dvArA svayaM kAtI huI battiyA~ jo ghRta meM prakaTa hue haiN| kabIra par3he-likhe nahIM the, etadartha ina yA tila ke tela meM DubAyI gayI hoM, kisI tAmra pAtra meM racanAoM ko unake eka ziSya ne 1627 vi0 meM 'bIjaka' rakhakara zivajI ke mandira meM athavA gaGgAtaTa para athavA nAmaka saMgraha ke antargata saMkalita kiyaa| yaha unakI gozAlA meM prajvalita kI jAnI cAhie / eka lAkha athavA choTI racanAoM kA upadezAtmaka grantha hai| eka karor3a battiyA~ banAyI jaay| ye samasta battiyA~ yadi bIranAtha-zilA yA prastara devatAoM ke pratIka haiM yA unakI sambhava ho to eka hI dina meM prajvalita kI jA sakatI sUkSma zakti se vyApta rahate haiM; isa vizvAsa ke kAraNa aneka haiN| kisI pUrNimA ko isakA udyApana karanA caahie|) prakAroM se pASANakhaNDoM kI pUjA deza bhara meM pracalita rahI de0 varSakRtyadIpikA, 398-403 / hai| kaI sthAnoM meM aise zilAstambha lakar3I ke khambhoM ke bilvazAkhApUjA-yaha vrata Azvina zukla saptamI ko rUpa meM badale dikhAI dete haiM, jo lagAtAra tela va ghRta ke kiyA jAtA hai| pradAna se kAle par3a gaye haiN| inhIM meM eka patthara-deva bIrabihAriNIdAsa-nimbArka sampradAyAntargata saMgItAcArya hari- nAtha haiM, jinakI pUjA kaI pradezoM meM AbhIra varga ke loga dAsa svAmIjI ke anugata evaM rasikabhakta sNt| ye pazuoM kI rakSA ke lie karate haiN| vAstava meM yaha kisI vRndAvana kI latA-kuJjoM meM bA~kevihArIjI kI vajalIlA yakSapUjA athavA vIrapUjA kA vikasita rUpa hai|| kA cintana kiyA karate the / saMgIta kI madhura padAvaliyoM bIrabhAna-sAdha pantha ke pravartaka eka santa / inhoMne saM0 17ke sAtha bhagavAn kI upAsanA karanA inakI vizeSatA thii| 15 vi0 meM yaha pantha claayaa| dillI se dakSiNa aura inakI racanAtmaka vANI mudrita ho gayI hai| satrahavIM pUrva kI ora antarveda meM sAdha mata ke loga pAye jAte haiN| zatAbdI kA uttarArdha inakA sthitikAla hai| saMprati kabIra kI taraha ye doharoM aura sAkhiyoM meM upadeza dete inakA upAsanAsthala yamunAkUla kI ekAnta zAnta nikuMjoM the| inake bAraha Adeza mahattva ke haiM, jinameM sAdhoM kA meM 'TaTiyAsthAna' kahalAtA hai| sadAcAra pratipAdita hotA hai / bihArIlAla (caube)-vrajabhASA ke zreSTha kavi aura ucca bIrasiMha-sikkha khAlasoM ke do mukhya vibhAjana sahijakoTi ke kAvyakalAkAra / inakA sthitikAla satrahavIM dhArI tathA siMha zAkhAoM meM hue haiN| ye zAkhAe~ punaH zatAbdI kA uttarArdha hai / ye kRSNa ke bhakta the aura inakI kramazaH chaH tathA tIna upazAkhAoM meM vibhakta huI haiM / siMha zrRMgAra rasa kI racanA 'bihArI satasaI' hindI sAhitya meM zAkhA kI eka upazAkhA 'nirmala' (saMnyAsiyoM kI zAkhA) apane arthagaurava ke lie ati prasiddha hai / 'satasaI' ke kaI ke pravartaka bIrasiMha the, jinhoMne isakI sthApanA 1747 bhASyakAroM ne sampUrNa racanA kA AdhyAtmika artha bhI vi0 meM kI thii| kiyA hai| budha (saumAyana)-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa ke eka sandarbha meM bIja-jagat kA kAraNa, sUkSmatama mUla tattva / nAda, bindu uddhRta AcArya, jo soma ke vaMzaja the / paurANika paramparA tathA bIja sRSTi ke Adi kAraNa haiM / inhIM ke dvArA sArI ke anusAra budha bhI soma (candra) ke putra the| inakA vivAha abhivyaktiyA~ hotI hai| sAdhanA ke kSetra meM bIja, kisI manu kI putrI ilA se huaa| ina donoM ke putra purUravA devatA ke mantra ke sArabhUta kendrIya akSara ko kahate haiN| hae jinase aila (candra) vaMza claa| prAyaH Agamaprokta mantroM kA prathama akSara 'bIjAkSara' budhavata-jaba budha graha vizAkhA nakSatra para Aye, vratI ko kahalAtA hai| eka saptAha taka 'ekabhakta' paddhati se AhArAdi karanA bIjaka-mahAtmA kabIradAsa siddha koTi ke saMta kavi the| cAhie / budha kI pratimA kA~se ke pAtra meM sthApita karaka

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budhASTamI-buddha zveta mAlAoM tathA gandha-akSata Adi se usakI pUjA zuddhodana ne siddhArtha kA vivAha rAmajanapada (koliya karanI caahie| pUjanoparAnta use kisI brAhmaNa ko de gaNa) kI rAjakumArI yazodharA ke sAtha kara diyA / una denA caahie| isa vratAcaraNa se vrato kI buddhi tIvra ho- ko putraratna kI prApti huI, usakA nAma rAhula rakhakara kara zuddha jJAna prApta karatI hai| unhoMne kahA, 'jIvanazRMkhalA kI eka kar3I Aja aura budhASTamI-zukla pakSa meM budhavAra ke dina aSTamI par3ane para gaDhI gyii|' yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| ekabhakta paddhati se AhAra karate eka dina rAta ko mAyA aura rAhula ko sote chor3ahue jalapUrNa ATha kalaza, jinameM suvarNa par3A ho, kramazaH kara siddhArtha kapilavastu se bAhara nikala gye| isa ATha aSTamiyoM ko bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke khAdya padArthoM ke ghaTanA ko 'mahAbhiniSkramaNa' kahate haiM / jJAna aura zAnti sAtha dAna meM de dene caahie| varSa ke anta meM budha kI kI khoja meM siddhArtha bahuta se vidvAnoM aura paNDitoM se mile suvarNapratimA dAna meM dI jAya / isa vrata meM pratyeka aSTamI kintu unako santoSa nahIM huaa| AzramoM, tapovanoM meM ke dina aila purUravA tathA mithi evaM usakI putrI urmilA ghUmate hue ve gayA ke pAsa urubela nAmaka vana meM jAkara kI kathAe~ sunI jAtI haiN| ghora tapasyA karane lage aura unhoMne pratijJA kI ki yA buddha-bauddha dharma ke pravartaka tapasvI mahAtmA / inakA janma to jJAna prApta karU~gA, nahIM to zarIra kA tyAga kara himAlayatarAI ke zAkya janapada (lumbinIvana) meM 563 dUMgA / chaH varSa kI kaThina tapasyA ke pazcAt unheM anubhava I0pU0 huA thaa| zAkyoM kI rAjadhAnI kapilavastu thI / huA ki zarIra ko kaSTa dene se zarIra ke sAtha buddhi bhI inake pitA zuddhodana zAkyoM ke gaNamukhya the| inakI mAtA kSINa ho gayI aura jJAna aura dUra haTa gyaa| ataH kA nAma mAyA devI thaa| inakA janmanAma siddhArtha thA / nizcaya kiyA ki madhyama mArga kA anusaraNa karanA hI inakA pAlana-poSaNa, zikSA-dIkSA bahuta ucca koTi kI ucita hai| huii| bAlyAvasthA se hI ye cintanazIla the, saMsAra ke eka dina bodhivRkSa ke nIce baiThakara jaba ve cintana duHkha se vikala ho uThate the| jIvana kI cAra ghaTanAoM kara rahe the, unheM jIvana aura saMsAra ke sambandha meM samyaka kA inake Upara gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| jJAna prApta huA / isa ghaTanA ko 'sambodhi' kahate haiM / isI eka bAra inhoMne kisI atyanta vRddha vyakti ko dekhA, samaya se siddhArtha baddha (jisakI baddhi jAgata ho gayI jo vRddhAvasthA ke kAraNa jhuka gayA thA aura lAThI ke ho) kahalAye / anta meM unhoMne nizcaya kiyA ki maiM apane sahAre cala rahA thaa| pUchA kauna hai ? uttara milA vRddha, jJAna ko duHkhI saMsAra taka pahu~cA kara use mukta kruuNgaa| jo sundara bAlaka aura baliSTha javAna thA, kintu bur3hApe bodhagayA se calakara ve kAzI ke pAsa RSipattana mRgadAva se kSINa aura vikRta ho gayA hai| isake pazcAt eka (sAranAtha) meM pahu~ce / yahA~ para unhoMne paJcavargIya pUrvarugNa vyakti milA jo pIr3A se karAha rahA thaa| pUchA ziSyoM ko apane dharma kA upadeza prathama vAra diyA / isa kauna hai ? uttara milA rogI, jo kucha hI kSaNa pahale ghaTanA ko 'dharmacakrapravartana' kahate haiN| svastha aura sukhI thaa| tadanantara siddhArtha ne mRtaka ko buddha ne apane upadeza meM kahA, "do atiyoM kA tyAga arthI para lAte hue dekhA / pUchA kauna hai ? uttara milA ____ karanA cAhie / eka to vilAsa kA, jo manuSya ko pazu mRtaka, jo kucha samaya pahale jIvita aura vilAsa meM magna banA detA hai aura dUsare kAyakleza kA, jisase buddhi kSINa thA / anta meM unheM eka gairika vastra dhAraNa kiye hae ho jAtI hai / madhyama bhArga kA anusaraNa karanA caahie|" puruSa milA, jisake cehare para prasannatA jhalaka rahI thii| isake pazcAt unhoMne una cAra satyoM kA upadeza kiyA, aura cintA kA sarvathA abhAva thaa| pUchA kauna hai ? jinako 'catvAri Arya satyAni' kahate hai| unhoMne kahA, uttara milA saMnyAsI, jo saMsAra ke sabhI bandhanoM ko "duHkha prathama satya hai / janma duHkha hai| jarA duHkha hai / chor3akara parivrAjaka ho gayA hai| tyAga aura saMnyAsa kI roga duHkha hai / mRtyu duHkha hai / priya kA viyoga duHkha hai| bhAvanA siddhArtha ke mana para apanA prabhAva gaharAI taka apriya kA saMyoga duHkha hai| Adi / samudaya dUsarA satya DAla gyii| hai / duHkha kA kAraNa hai tRSNA / tRSNA aura vArAnA se

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buddhajanmamahotsava-buddhAvatAra hI saba duHkha utpanna hote haiN| nirodha tIsarA satya hai| samudaya arthAt duHkha ke kAraNa tRSNA kA nirodha ho sakatA hai / jo sthiti kAraNa se utpanna hotI hai usake kAraNa ko haTAne se vaha samApta ho jAtI hai / nirodha kA hI nAma nirvANa arthAt sampUrNa vAsanA kA kSaya hai| nirodhagAminI pratipadA cauthA satya hai| arthAt nirodha prApta karAne vAlA eka mArga hai| vaha hai aSTAGga mArga athavA madhyamA pratipadA / " mahAtmA buddha prathama dharmapravartaka the, jinhoMne dharma pracAra ke lie saMgha kA saMghaTana kiyaa| sAranAtha meM prathama saMgha banA / buddha ne Adeza diyA, "bhikSuo ! bahujanahitAya, bahujanasukhAya, deva, manuSya aura sabhI prANiyoM ke hita ke lie usa dharma kA pracAra karo jo Adi maGgala hai, madhya maGgala hai aura anta maGgala hai|" assI varSa kI avasthA taka apane dharma kA vibhinna pradezoM meM pracAra karate hue kuzInagara meM ve do zAlavRkSoM ke bIca apanI jIvanalIlA samApta kara nirvANa ko prApta ho gye| isa ghaTanA ko 'mahAparinirvANa' kahate haiN| yadyapi buddhadeva nirIzvaravAdI the aura vedoM ke prAmANya meM vizvAsa nahIM karate the, para unake vyaktitva kA naitika prabhAva bhAratIya itihAsa para dUravyApI pdd'aa| jIvadayA aura karuNA ko ve sajIva mUrti the / Astika paramparAvAdI hinduoM ne unako viSNu kA lokasaMgrahI avatAra mAnA aura bhagavAn ke rUpa meM unakI pUjA kii| purANoM meM jo avatAroM kI sUciyA~ haiM unameM buddha bhagavAn kI gaNanA hai / vartamAna hindU dharma buddha ke siddhAntoM se prabhAvita hai| hindU purANoM meM buddha bhagavAn kI kathA anya prakAra se dI huI hai| de0 'avatAra' tathA 'buddhAvatAra' / buddhajanmamahotsava-vaizAkha zukla pakSa meM jaba candra puSya nakSatra para ho, usa samaya buddha kI pratimA zAkya muni dvArA kathita mantroM kA pATha karate hue sthApita karanI caahie| lagAtAra tIna dina unakI pUjA karate hue nirdhanoM ko naivedyAdi bheMTa karanA cAhie / de0 nIlamata purANa, pR066-67, zloka 809-816, jahA~ buddha ko viSNu kA avatAra batalAyA gayA hai| buddhadvAdazI-zrAvaNa zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isa tithi ko bhagavAn buddha kI pratimA kA gandha-akSatAdi se pUjana karate hue unakI upAsanA karanI cAhie / mahArAja zuddhodana ne isa vrata ko kiyA thA, ataeva bhagavAn viSNu ne svayaM unake yahA~ janma liyA / de0 kRtyakalpataru, 331-332; hemAdri, 1.10 37-1038; kRtyaratnAkara, 247-248 / buddhAvatAra-viSNu bhagavAn kA navama avatAra / isa saMbandha meM bhAgavata, viSNu Adi aneka purANoM meM varNana AtA hai| viSNu aura agnipurANa ke anusAra devatAoM kI rakSA ke lie bhagavAn mAyA-moha svarUpI buddhAvatAra meM zuddhodana rAjA ke putra hue| unhoMne isa rUpa meM Akara devatAoM ko parAjita karane vAle asuroM ko mAyA se vimohita kara vedamArga se cyuta karane kA upadeza denA Arambha kiyaa| mAyA-mohAvatArI bhagavAn buddha ne narmadA nadI ke taTa para jAkara digambara, muNDita sira Adi dvArA vicitra rUpa vAle saMnyAsI veza meM asuroM ke samakSa kahA : "Apa loga yaha kyA kara rahe haiM ? isake karane se kyA hogA ? yadi Apako mukti (nirvANa) kI hI kAmanA hai to vyartha meM itanI pazuhiMsA ke yajJa-yAgAdi kyoM karate haiM ? nirarthaka karma karane se Apa kucha bhI phala prApta nahIM kara sakate / yaha jagat vijJAnamaya aura nirAdhAra hai| isake mUla meM IzvarAdi kucha nahIM hai / yaha kevala bhrama mAtra hai, jisase mohita hokara jIva saMsAra meM bhramita hotA rahatA hai|" aise mohaka cAru vacanoM dvArA buddha ne samasta asuroM ko pathabhraSTa kara diyaa| isa prakAra buddhAvatAra ke prasaMga meM viSNupurANa ne Adhidaivika kAraNa prastuta kiyA hai| isI prakAra kucha AdhyAtmika kAraNa bhI buddhAvatAra se sambandha rakhate haiM / buddha ke prAkaTya ke pUrva deza bhara meM hiMsA kA prAbalya thA / vaidika yajJa aura Izvara ke nAma ke mAdhyama se nara, pazu Adi vibhinna jIvoM kI baliyA~ dI jAtI thIM aura loga andhaparamparayA isa kArya ko Izvara kI upAsanA kA rUpa pradAna karane lage the / isa prakAra ke bhayaMkara samaya meM buddha ko Izvara aura yajJa ke nAma para kiye jAne vAle jIvahatyA rUpI duSkarma ke anta ke lie Izvara aura veda kA khaNDana karanA pdd'aa| jisa prakAra viSa kA upacAra viSa dvArA hI kiyA jAtA hai, usI prakAra mahAtmA buddha ne bhI hiMsA-pAparUpI viSa kA zamana nAstikatArUpI viSa se kiyaa| isa prayoga

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buddhi-bubu se tAtkAlika dharmarakSA haI evaM jJAnamUlaka bauddhadharmopa- maulika guNa haiM-dharma, jJAna, vairAgya aura aizvarya / jaba deza dvArA jIvoM kI hiMsA se nivRtti avazya ho gyii| isameM vikRti utpanna hotI hai to isake guNa ulaTa kara bhagavAna buddha ke sambandha meM aneka grantha prApta hote haiM, adharma, ajJAna, Asakti aura dainya ho jAte haiN| smRti jinameM vistAra se inakA jIvana caritra vaNita hai / ina aura saMskAra buddhi meM sthita hote haiN| ataH dhArmika sAdhagranthoM kA saMskRta meM nirmANa adhikAMza bhArata meM huA, nAoM meM buddhi kI pavitratA para bahuta bala diyA gayA hai| kintu videzoM meM aneka bhASAoM meM inakI jIvanI likhI buddhivAda-vicAra kI eka dArzanika paddhati, jo jagata kI gayI, jaise cInI, tibbatI, jApAnI Adi meN| isake vAstavikatA ko samajhane meM buddhi ko sabase adhika mahattva sAtha hI bhagavAn buddha ke aneka janmoM kI kathA bhI detI hai| yaha pratyakSa ko to mAnatI hI hai, anumAna aura kalpa-kalpAntaroM ke nAmapUrvaka upalabdha hotI hai| isa upamAna kA spaSTa virodha nahIM karatI, parantu zabda aura prakAra aneka kalpoM meM kaI yoniyoM meM bhramaNa karane ke aitihya kA pratyAkhyAna karatI hai| sAtha hI yaha koI pazcAt bhagavAn buddha mAyA devI ke garbha se (vartamAna alaukika athavA pAramArthika sattA athavA mUlya nahIM gorakhapura ke pAsa ) nepAla kI tarAI ke kapilavastu mAnatI / bhArata meM isake mUla pravartaka cArvAka, bauddha aura nAmaka nagara meM utpanna hue the| bhagavAn buddha jIvana bhara jaina nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM the / vAstava meM, bhArata meM vastu bhramaNa karate hue apane parama pAvana upadezapIyUSa dvArA anveSaNa kI do paramparAe~ thIM : (1) nigama ( anubhUtirAjA se raMka taka sabhI prakAra ke manuSyoM kA upakAra vAdI) aura (2) Agama (tarka, yukti aura buddhivaadii)| karate rhe| unake upadeza sarala aura AcAraparaka the / mUlataH donoM meM samanvaya thA, kintu matavAdiyoM ne eka unhoMne saMsAra ke sambandha meM cAra Arya satya nirdhArita svatantra 'buddhivAda' khar3A kara diyaa| kiye the| unhoMne batAyA ki saMsAra meM duHkha hI duHkha haiM / sAMsArika duHkhoM ke kucha kAraNa bhI hai| ina kAraNoM buddhadhavAptivata-caitra mAsa kI pUrNimA ke uparAnta isa vrata ko dUra kiyA jA sakatA hai| duHkha ke nirodha kA upAya kA AcaraNa kiyA jAnA caahie| eka mAsa taka yaha bhI unhoMne btaayaa| unake mata meM duHkha nirodha hI nirvANa calatA hai| isameM nRsiMha bhagavAn kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / hai| ativAda duHkha kA kAraNa hai, ataeva madhyama mArga ho isameM sarasoM se prati dina havana hotA hai| 'trimadhara' yukta sevya hai / isake sAtha hI unhoMne aSTAMga mArga tathA dasa khAdya padArthoM se brAhmaNabhojana karAyA jAtA hai| vaizAkhI zoloM kA bhI pracAra kiyA / pUrNimA ko suvarNa kA dAna vihita hai / isase zuddha buddhi prApta hotI hai / mahAtmA buddha ne yadyapi varNAzrama dharma kI upekSA kara DAlI aura dhArmika jaTilatA ke bhaya se unhoMne adhideva bar3he amaranAtha-kazmIra ke pU~cha nagara se caudaha mIla dUra rahasyoM kA nirAdara kiyA, kintu unakA upadeza usa U~cI pahAr3iyoM se ghirA yaha mandira hai / pUrA mandira eka samaya ke lie jagat-hitakArI thA yaha yathArtha hai| isa hI zveta patthara kA banA huA hai| jammU se pU~cha ke lie samaya bhI pRthvI para karor3oM loga isa dharma ko mAnate haiM / moTara baseM calatI haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki yahI prAcIna buddhi-prakRti ke vikAsa kA prathama caraNa mahat tattva hai / amaranAtha tIrthasthAna hai / pahale loga yahIM yAtrA karane Ate isameM buddhi, ahaMkAra aura manas tInoM nihita haiN| mahat the / yahIM pulastA nadI hai, jisake taTa para maharSi pulastya sArvabhauma hai| isI kA manovikAsa rUpa buddhi hai| kintu kA Azrama thaa| dUsare amaranAtha usa samaya barapha ke buddhi AdhyAtmika cetanA athavA jJAna nahIM; caitanya AtmA kAraNa agamya the / mArga kA sudhAra hone para inakI yAtrA kA guNa mAnA gayA hai / ahaMkAra, mana aura indriyA~ buddhi bAda meM sulabha huI hai / ke lie kArya karatI haiM; buddhi sIdhe AtmA ke lie kArya bubu-Rgveda ( 6.45,31-33) meM bRbu kA ullekha sahasrakaratI hai / buddhi ke mukhya kArya nizcaya aura nirdhAraNa haiN| dAtA, udAra dAtA tathA paNiyoM ke siramaura ke rUpa meM isakA udaya sattva guNa kI pradhAnatA se hotA hai| isake huA hai / zAGkhAyana zrauta sUtra (16.11,11) ke anusAra

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446 bhAradvAja ne bubu takSA tathA prastoka sAraJjaya se dAna prApta kiyaa| pratIta hotA hai, yaha koI paNi thA, yadyapi Rgveda meM isakA varNana aise rUpa meM huA hai jisane paNi ke sabhI guNoM ko tyAga diyA ho / yadi aisA hai to paNi kA Azaya sadbhAvapUrNa vyApArI tathA bRbu eka vaNik rAjakumAra ho sakatA hai| vebara ke anusAra isa nAma kA sambandha bebIlaoNna se hai / ho sakatA hai, bubu ke vaMzajoM ne vahA~ jAkara apanA upaniveza basAyA ho / bRhajjAbAla upaniSad - eka paravartI upaniSad | bRhadgautamIyatantra - 'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta tantroM kI tAlikA meM bRhat gautamIya tantra bhI ullikhita hai / bRhatI - prabhAkara racita karmamImAMsA viSayaka eka grantha, jo zabarasvAmI ke bhASya kI vyAkhyA hai / vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'prabhAkara' | bRhattapovrata - mArgazIrSa mAsa kI pratipadA bRhattapA kahalAtI hai, usa dina yaha vrata Arambha hotA hai / isake ziva devatA haiM / yaha eka varSa se solaha varSa taka calatA hai / isase samasta pApa brAhmaNahatyA kA pApa bhI dUra ho jAtA hai| bRhatsaMhitA mahAn jyoticid varAhamihira - viracita jyotiSa viSaya kA ati prasiddha grantha / triskandha jyotiSa - saMhitA aMza meM vividha sAMskRtika vastuoM kA varNana hotA hai / vaha usI prakAra kA eka Akaragrantha hai, jisase bhAratIya dharmavijJAna, mUrtizAstra tathA dhArmika sthApatya para kAphI prakAza par3atA hai| varAhamihira kA samaya sandarbhaullekhoM ke anusAra 475-550 I0 hai / bRhadAraNyaka - zukla yajurveda kA AraNyaka grantha, jo zatapaca brAhmaNa ( 15.1-3 ) ke samAna hai / de0 'AraNyaka' | bRhadAraNyaka vArtikasAra-AcArya zaGkara racita bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad ke bhASya para surezvarAcArya ne vAtika nAmaka vyAkhyA likhI hai / prastuta grantha meM usakA zlokabaddha saMkSipta sAra hai| isake racayitA mAdhavAcArya athavA vidyA raNya svAmI hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad mukhya upaniSadoM meM dasavIM upaniSad bRhadAraNyaka tathA chAndogya prAcIna upaniSadoM meM sarvAdhika mahattva kI haiM, inhIM donoM meM mukhya dArzanika vicAra sarvaprathama spaSTa rUpa se vikasita dRSTigocara hote haiN| bRhaduktha - Rgveda (5.19.3) meM aspaSTa rUpa se kathika eka -- bRhajjAbAla upaniSad-bRhmasaMhitA purohita kA nAma pahu0 ke do mantroM ( 10.54, 6, 56, 7) meM inheM RSi kahA gayA hai| ye aitareya brA0 (8.23) meM durmukha pAzcAla ke abhiSekakarttA tathA zata0 prA0 (13.2,2,14) meM vAmadeva ke putra kahe gaye haiM / paJcaviMza brA0 (14.9, 37, 38) meM ye vAmaneya (vAmanI ke vaMzaja ) ke rUpa meM varNita hai| bRhadgari - paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (8.1, 4) meM kathita bRhadgiri una tIna yatiyoM meM eka hai jo indra dvArA vadha ke bAda bhI jIvita ho gaye the| unakA eka sAmamantra bhI usI brAhmaNa meM uddhRta hai (13.4.15-17) / bRhadgaurIvrata bhAdra kRSNa tRtIyA ko candrodaya ke samaya yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai aura kevala mahilAoM ke lie hai| doralI nAmaka vRkSa mUla sameta lAkara bAlU kI vedI para sthApita karanA cAhie / candra udita huA dekhakara mahilA vratI snAna kare / kalaza meM varuNa kI pUjA kara bhagavatI gaurI kI vibhinna upacAroM se pUjA kre| gaurI ke nAma se eka dhAgA gale meM lapeTa lenA caahie| pA~ca varSa taka yaha krama calatA hai / kAzI ke AsapAsa yaha vrata 'kajjalI tRtIyA' ke nAma se manAyA jAtA hai / - bRhaddevatA -- Rgveda se saMbandhita eka grantha, jisameM vaidika AkhyAna evaM mAhAtmya vistAra se likhe gaye hai| yaha zaunakaracita batAyA jAtA hai jo zlokabaddha hai| isakI prAcInatA sarvamAnya hai / isakA uddezya yaha hai ki pratyeka RcA ke devatA kA nirdeza kiyA jAya, kintu granthakAra ne ise spaSTa karate hue devatA sambandhI eka vicitra AkhyAna bhI de diyA hai| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki yaha grantha nirukta ke bAda banA hai / kucha loga kahate haiM ki yaha zaunaka sampradAya ke kisI anya vyakti kI racanA hai| isameM bhAgUri, Azva lAyana, balabhI brAhmaNa tathA nidAnasUtra kA nAma bhI milatA hai / bRhaddevatA grantha zAkala zAkhA ke AdhAra para nahIM banA hai / isameM zAkala zAkhA kA nAma kaI bAra AyA hai / bRhaddharma upapurANavaha untIsa upapurANoM meM eka hai| bRhadbrahmasaMhitA eka vaiSNava Agama grantha, jo tamila deza meM racita mAnA jAtA hai / yaha bhI sambhava hai ki isakI racanA uttara meM huI ho tathA isameM dAkSiNAtyoM dvArA prakSepa huA ho| isameM mahAtmA zaThakopa tathA rAmAnuja svAmI -

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bRhadvasu-bRhaspatismRti 447 kA ullekha IzvarasaMhitA ke sadRza hai tathA draviDa deza ko vaiSNava bhaktoM kI bhUmi kahA gayA hai / bRhadvasu-vaMza brAhmaNa meM ullikhita eka AcArya kA nAma / bRhadyAmala tantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta tantra sUcI meM isakA nAma vAsaThaveM krama para AtA hai / bRhannAradIya purANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM parigaNita / sambhavataH nAradIya mahApurANa kA yaha pariziSTa hai parantu AkAra meM bahuta vistRta hai| bRhaspati-(1) vaidika granthoM meM ullikhita eka devtaa| kucha vidvAnoM kA vicAra hai ki yaha nAma eka graha (bahaspati) kA bodhaka hai, parantu isake lie paryApta pramANa nahIM hai / purANoM ke anusAra bRhaspati devatAoM ke guru aura adhyAtmavidyAvizArada RSi kahe jAte haiM / (2) cArvAka darzana ke praNetA bRhaspati kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai| unake matAnusAra "na svarga hai na apavarga; paraloka se sambandha rakhanevAlA AtmA bhI nahIM hai / " ye bRhaspati lokAyata (nAstika) darzana ke pUrvAcArya samajhe jAte haiM aura avazya hI mahAbhArata se pahale ke haiM / (3) bRhaspati eka arthazAstrakAra aura smRtikAra bhI hue hai| inake grantha khaNDita AkAra meM granthAntaroM ke uddharaNoM meM hI pAye jAte haiM / bRhaspatisava-eka yajJa kA nAma / taittirIya brAhmaNa (2.7, 1,2) ke anusAra isake anuSThAna dvArA koI bhI vyakti vaibhavasaMpanna pada prApta kara sakatA thaa| AzvalAyana zrautasUtra (9.9,5) ke anusAra purohita isa yajJa ko vAjapeya ke pazcAt karatA thA aura rAjA vAjapeya ke pazcAt rAjasUya yajJa karatA thaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa (5.2,1,19) meM bRhaspatisava ko vAjapeya kahA gayA hai, kintu yaha ekatA prAcIna nahIM jAna pdd'tii| bRhaspatismRti-dharmazAstroM meM bRhaspatismRti kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| yAjJavalkyasmRti (1.4-5) meM smRtikAroM kI jo sUcI dI gayI hai usameM bRhaspati kI gaNanA hai| kintu pUrNa smRti aba kahIM upalabdha nahIM hotii| bUlara ne aparArka ke nibandha se bRhaspati ke 84 zlokoM kA saMgraha kara isakA jarmana bhASAntara prakAzita karAyA thA (lipajika, 1879) / DaoN0 jAlI ne kaI srotoM se bahaspati ke 711 zlokoM kA saMkalana kiyA aura isakA aMgrejI bhASAntara 'sekreDa buksa oNpha di IsTa sIrIja' (saM0 33) meM prakAzita kiyA thaa| bRhaspati manusmRti kA ghaniSTha rUpa se anusaraNa karate haiM, kintu katipaya sthAnoM para mana ke vidhika niyamoM kI pUrti, vistAra aura vyAkhyA bhI karate haiM / nizcita rUpa se bRhaspatismRti manu aura yAjJavalkya kI paravartI hai| yaha yA to nAradasmRti kI samakAlIna athavA nikaTa paravartI hai / isakI do vizeSatAe~ haiN| eka to yaha ki isameM dhana aura hiMsAmUlaka (dIvAnI aura phaujadArI) vivAdoM kA spaSTa bheda kiyA gayA hai : dvipado vyavahArazca dhanahiMsAsamudbhavaH / dvisaptadhArthamUlazca hiMsAmUlazcaturvidhaH / / (jImUtavAhana kI vyavahAramAtRkA meM uddhRta) dUsare, bRhaspati ne isa bAta para jora diyA hai ki vAda kA nirNaya kevala zAstra ke likhita niyamoM ke AdhAra para na karake yukti aura aucitya ke Upara karanA cAhie : kevalaM zAstramAzritya na kartavyo hi nirNayaH / yuktihIne vicAre tu dharmahAniH prajAyate // cauro'cauro sAdhvasAdhu jAyate vyavahArataH / yuktiM vinA vicAreNa mANDavyazcauratAM gataH // (yAjJa0, 2.1 para aparArka dvArA uddhRta ) jina viSayoM para bRhaspati ke uddharaNa pAye jAte haiM unakI sUcI nimnAGkita hai : (ka) vAda (mukadame) ke catuSpAda (kha) pramANa (cAra prakAra ke tIna mAnavIya : likhita, bhukti tathA sAkSI aura eka divya ) 1. likhita (dasa prakAra ke) 2. bhukti (adhikAra--bhoga) 3. sAkSI (bAraha prakAra ke) 4. divya (nau prakAra kA) (ga) vivAdasthAna (aThAraha)RNAdAna, nikSepa, asvAmivikraya, sambhUya-samutthAna, dattApradAnika, abhyupetyAzuzrUSA, vetanasya anapAkarma, svAmipAlavivAda, saMvidvyaktikrama, vikrIyAsampradAna, sImAvivAda, pAruSya (do prakAra kA), sAhasa (tIna prakAra kA), strIsaMgrahaNa, strI-pundharma, vibhAga, dyUtasamAhvaya aura prakIrNaka ( nRpAzraya vyavahAra ) /

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448 belUra-bauddhadarzana belUra-karnATaka pradeza kA prasiddha tIrtha / purAne maisUra rAjya meM belUra kA viziSTa sthAna hai| cainnakezava mandira yahA~ kA mukhya yAtrAsthala hai| rAjA viSNuvardhana hoyasala ne isakI pratiSThA kI thii| yahA~ bahana se prAcIna mandira haiM / isakA purAnA nAma velApura hai| bodhagayA (buddhagayA)-antararASTrIya khyAti kA bauddhatI / pitRtIrtha gayA se yaha sAta mIla dUra hai / yahA~ buddha bhagavAn kA vizAla kalApUrNa mandira hai / pIche patthara kA cabUtarA hai jise bauddha siMhAsana kahate haiN| isI sthAna para baiThakara gautama buddha ne tapasyA kI thii| yahIM bodhivRkSa ( pIpala ) ke nIce unheM jJAna ( saMbodhi ) prApta haA thA isalie yaha 'bodhagayA' ke nAma se prasiddha huaa| yaha bauddhoM ke una cAra prasiddha aura pavitra tIrthoM meM hai jinakA sambandha bhagavAn buddha ke jIvana se hai| bahusaMkhyaka bauddha yAtrI yahA~ Ate haiN| sanAtanI hindU yahA~ bhI apane pitaroM ko, vizeSa kara bhagavAna buddha ko piNDadAna karate haiN| bodhAyana-yajurveda sambandhI baudhAyanazrautasUtra ke racayitA sambhavataH bodhAyana the| prasiddha vedAntAcArya ke rUpa meM bhI inakI khyAti adhika hai| janazruti hai ki 'brahmasUtra' para bodhAyana kI racI eka vRtti thI jisake vacanoM kA AcArya rAmAnuja ne apane bhASya meM uddharaNa diyA hai| jarmana paNDita yAkobI kA mata hai ki bodhAyana ne 'mImAMsAsUtra' para bhI vRtti likhI thii| 'prapaJcahRdaya' nAmaka grantha se bhI yaha bAta siddha hotI hai aura pratIta hotA hai ki bodhAyananirmita 'bedAntavRtti' kA nAma 'kRtakoTi' thaa| kahA jAtA hai ki rAmAnuja svAmI ke samaya usakI pratilipi eka mAtra kazmIra meM upalabdha thI aura vahA~ se AcArya usako kureza ziSya kI sahAyatA se kaNThastha rUpa meM hI prApta kara sake the| bodhAyanavRtti-de0 'bodhAyana / ' bodhAryAtmanirveda-bhaTroji dIkSita ke samakAlIna sadAziva dIkSita racita eka adhyAtmavAdI grantha / bauddha darzana-bauddha darzana kI jJAnamImAMsA 'Agama' arthAt tarka athavA yukti ke AdhAra para nikAle gaye niSkarSoM para avalambita hai, isameM 'nigama' kA mahattva nahIM hai| isa darzana kA kendrabindu hai 'pratItya samutpAda' (kAryakAraNa sambandha ) kA siddhAnta, jisake anusAra kArya-kAraNazrRMkhalA se saMsAra ke sAre duHkha utpanna hote haiM aura kAraNoM ko haTA dene se kArya apane Apa banda ho jAtA hai| isakI tatvamImAMsA ke anusAra saMsAra meM koI vastu nitya nahIM hai| sabhI kSaNika haiM / isa siddhAnta ko kSaNikavAda kahate haiN| koI sthAyI sattA na hokara parivartanasantAna hI bhrama se sthAyI dikhAI par3atA hai| bauddha anIzvaravAda aura anAtmavAda ke siddhAnta isI se utpanna hote haiM / bauddha anIzvaravAda ke anusAra vizva ke mUla meM brahma athavA Izvara nAma kI koI sattA nahIM hai| vizva pravahamAna parivartana hai| isakA koI kartA nahIM / brahma athavA Izvara kI khoja karanA aisA hI hai jaise AkAza meM aisI sundarI taka pahu~cane ke lie sIr3hI lagAnA jo vahA~ nahIM hai| isI prakAra kisI vyakti ke bhItara AtmA kI khoja bhI vyartha hai| manuSya kA vyaktitva pA~ca 'skandhoM' kA saMghAta mAtra hai, usake bhItara koI sthAyI AtmA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra kisI gAr3I ke kalapuoM ko alaga-alaga kara dene ke bAda usake bhItara koI sthAyI tattva nahIM milatA, usI prakAra skandhoM ke vizleSaNa ke bAda unake bhItara koI sthAyI tattva nahIM miltaa| anAtmavAda kA pratipAdana karate hue bhI bauddha darzana karma, punarjanma aura nirvANa mAnatA hai| parantu prazna yaha hai ki jaba koI sthAyI Atmatattva nahIM hai to karma ke siddhAnta se kisakA niyantraNa hotA hai ? kauna punarjanma dhAraNa karatA hai ? aura kauna nirvANa prApta karatA hai ? bauddha dharma meM isakA samAdhAna yaha hai-"mRtyu ke uparAnta vyakti ke saba skandha-tathAkathita AtmA Adi naSTa ho jAte haiM / parantu usake karma ke kAraNa una skandhoM ke sthAna para naye-naye skandha utpanna ho jAte haiN| unake sAtha eka nayA jIva ( jIvAtmA nahIM ) bhI utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa naye aura purAne jIva meM kevala karmasambandha kA sUtra rahatA hai / kArya-kAraNazRGgalA ke santAna se donoM jIva epha se jAna par3ate haiN|" yahI janma-maraNa athavA janma-janmAntara kA cakra karma ke AdhAra para calatA rahatA hai| tRSNA athavA vAsanA rokane se karma ruka jAtA hai aura karma ruka jAne se janma-maraNa kA cakra bhI banda ho jAtA hai / jaba sampUrNa vAsanA athavA tRSNA kA pUrNatayA kSaya ho jAtA hai taba nirvANa prApta hotA hai /

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bauddhadharma baudhAyanadhamaMsUtra bauddhadharma - saMsAra ke pramukha dharmoM meM se yaha eka hai / mUlataH yaha jIvana kA eka dRSTikoNa athavA darzana thA, dharma nahIM, kyoMki isameM Izvara aura dharmavijJAna ke lie koI sthAna nahIM thA / parantu bhArata hI aisA deza hai jahA~ Izvara ke binA bhI dharma cala sakatA hai| Izvara ke binA bhI bauddha dharma 'saddharma' thaa| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki yaha abhautika paramArtha 'nirvANa' meM vizvAsa karatA thA aura isakA AdhAra thA prajJA, zIla tathA samAdhi / apane mUla rUpa meM bauddhadharma buddha ke upadezoM para AdhArita hai / ye upadeza mukhyataH 'sUtrapiTaka' meM saMgRhIta haiN| unakA prathama upadeza ( dharmacakra pravartana) sAranAtha meM huA thA / isameM madhyama mArga kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / yaha do atiyoM - indriyavilAsa aura anAvazyaka zArIrika tapa ke bIca calatA hai / buddha ne kahA hai : "he bhikSuo ! parivrAjaka ko ina do antoM kA sevana nahIM karanA caahie| ve donoM anta kauna haiM ? pahalA to kAma yA viSaya meM sukha ke lie anuyoga karanA / yaha anta atyanta dIna, grAmya, anArya aura anarthasaMgata hai| dUsarA hai zarIra ko kleza dekara duHkha uThAnA / yaha bhI anArya aura anarthasaMgata hai / he bhikSuo ! tathAgata ( maiM ) ne ina donoM antoM kA tyAga kara madhyamA pratipadA ( madhyama mArga) ko jAnA hai|" yahI cauthA Arya satya thA, jisakA udghoSa buddha ne dharma kI bhUmikA ke rUpa meM kiyA / isake pazcAt unhoMne zeSa Arya satyoM kA upadeza diyA / cAra Arya satya ( catvAri AryasatyAni ) - (1) duHkha (2) samudaya (3) nirodha aura ( 4 ) mArga ( nirodhagAminI pratipadA) pahalA satya yaha hai ki saMsAra meM duHkha hai| phira isa duHkha kA kAraNa bhI hai| isakA kAraNa hai tRSNA ( vAsanA ) | ke utpanna tRSNA hone kI eka prakriyA hai| isake mUla meM hai avidyA avidyA se saMskAra, saMskAra se vijJAna, vijJAna se nAmarUpa, nAma rUpa se SaDAyatana indriyA~ aura mana ), pAyatana se sparza, sparza se vedanA, vedanA se tRSNA, tRSNA se bhava bhava se jAti (janma) jAti se jarA, maraNa, roga Adi duHkha utpanna hote haiM / duHkha kA isa prakAra nidAna ho jAne ke pazcAt usake nirodha ( nirvANa ) kA mArga DhU~DhanA aura usakA anusaraNa 57 449 karanA caahie| isI mArga ko 'niropagAminI pratipadA' ( madhyama ) kahate haiM / yaha aSTAGga bhI kahalAtA hai / ATha aGga nimnAGkita haiM : (1) samyaka dRSTi ( jIvana meM yathArtha dRSTikoNa ), ( 2 ) samyak saMkalpa ( yathArtha dRSTikoNa se yathArtha vicAra ), (3) sabhya vAcA ( yathArtha vicAra se yathArtha vacana ), (4) samyak karmAnti ( yathArtha vacana se yathArtha karma ), (5) samyak AjIva ( yathArtha karma se ucita jIvikA ), (6) samyaka vyAyAma ( ucita jIvikA ke lie ucita prayatna ), (7) samyak smRti ( ucita prayatna se ucita smRti ), (8) samyak samAdhi ( samyak smRti se samyak jIvana kA saMtulana ) / buddha ne 'dasa zIloM' kA bhI upadeza diyA, jinameM dasoM to bhikSuoM ke lie anivArya haiM aura unameM se prathama pA~ca gRhasthoM ke lie anivArya haiM / dasa zIloM kI gaNanA isa prakAra hai : (1) jIvahiMsA kA tyAga, (2) asteya ( adatta vastu ko grahaNa na karanA ), (3) brahmacarya ( maithuna tyAga ), (4) satya ( jhUTha kA tyAga ), (5) mAdaka vastu kA tyAga, ( 6 ) asamaya bhojana kA tyAga, (7) abhinaya, nRtya, gAna Adi kA tyAga, (2) mAlya, sugandha, aGgarAga Adi kA svAga, ( 9 ) komala zayyA kA tyAga, (10) suvarNa aura rajata ke parigraha kA tyAga / baudhAyana -- budha athavA bodha ke vaMzaja eka AcArya, jo vedazAkhA pravartaka the / inake dvArA zrauta, dharma tathA gRhya sUtra race mAne jAte haiM / baudhAyanagRhyasUtra smArtI ke lie yaha gRhyasUtra mahatvapUrNa mAnA jAtA hai| isameM smAtoM ke kRtyoM kA itihAsa diyA gayA hai / ise kabhI-kabhI 'smArtasUtra' bhI kahate haiM / isake pariziSToM meM smAtoM ke dharma kI niyamAvalI dI huI hai| baudhAyanadharmasUtra kRSNa yajurveda ke tIna dharmasUtra prasiddha hai: Apastamba, hiraNyakezI tathA baudhAyana / baudhAyanadharmasUtra kA kaI sthAnoM se mudraNa huA hai| 1884 I0 meM --

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450 DaoN0 lyAne lipajiga se isakA prakAzana kraayaa| isake pazcAt AnandAzrama presa pUnA se smRtisaMgraha meM yaha prakAzita huaa| 1907 I0 meM gavarnameNTa oriyaNTala sorIja, maisUra meM govinda svAmI kI TIkA aura bhUmikA ke sAtha isakA prakAzana huA / parantu pUre grantha kA hastalekha abhI taka nahIM prApta huA hai| baudhAyanazulva sUtra zulbasUtra do upalabdha haiM - baudhAyanazulvasUtra tathA ApastambalvasUtra ina sUSoM meM purAne samaya kI jyAmiti tathA kSetramiti ke siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| 'zuruva' eka prakAra kA sUtra (phItA ) hotA thA, jisase yajJavediyoM ke varga kSetra Adi kI nApa-jokha karane kI vidhi isa sUtra meM pradarzita hai / baudhAyanadhautasUtra kRSNa yajurveda kA zrautasUtra baudhAyanazrautasUtra kI pUrI prati milatI nahIM hai, jahA~ taka upalabdha hai usakI viSayasUcI isa prakAra hai: pahale khaNDa meM darzapUrNamAsa, dUsare meM AdhAna, tIsare meM punarAdhAna, cauthe meM pazu pAMcaveM meM cAturmAsya chaThe meM somapravarga, sAtaveM meM ekAdazI, pazu, AThaveM meM cayana, naveM meM vAjapeya, dasaveM meM zulvasUtra, gyArahaveM meM karmAnta sUtra, bArahaveM meM dvaidhasUtra, sUtra, terahaveM meM prAyazcittasUtra, caudahaveM meM kAThasUtra pandrahaveM meM sautrAmaNi sUtra solahaveM meM agniSToma aura satrahaveM meM dharmasUtra hai| kapardI svAmI kezava svAmI, gopAla, deva svAmI, dhUrta svAmI, bhava svAmI, mahAdeva vAjapeyI aura sAyaNa ke likhe isa sUtra para bhASya haiM / 7 brajavilAsa de0 'vrajavilAsa' / brahma brahma kI sattA hindU dharma, darzana, sAmAjika vyavasthA sAhitya aura kalA kI AdhArazilA hai| jIvana ke sabhI aGga pratyakSa athavA apratyakSa rUpa se isase prabhAvita evaM anuprANita haiM / isa zabda kA prAdurbhAva vedoM se hI dRSTigocara hotA hai| sAmAnya prayogoM meM isakA artha 'prArthanA', 'mantra', 'zabda' 'teja', 'zakti', 'dhana', 'sampatti' Adi hai / kintu vyutpatti aura darzana kI dRSTi se isakA artha adhika gambhIra, vyApaka aura atirekI hai / - " isa zabda kI vyutpatti 'bRha' dhAtu se huI hai, jisakA artha hai prasphuTita honA, prasaraNa, bar3hanA aadi| isakA baudhAyanazulbasUtra brahma sambandha bRhaspati aura vAcaspati se bhI hai / vAstava meM uccArita zabda kI antarnihita zakti ke visphoTa aura upabRMhaNa se hI ina tInoM zabdoM kA tAdAtmya hai| ina arthoM meM 'bRhat' hone kI bhAvanA kI pradhAnatA hai, jisakA Azaya hai : 'brahma' sabase bar3A hai, usase bar3A koI nahIM / vahI sarvavyApaka, bRhattama athavA mahattama hai / chAndogya upaniSad ke 'bhUmA' zabda meM isI artha kI abhivyakti huI hai, jisakA tAtparya sArvabhauma, sarvavyApaka asIma aura ananta sattA hai / 1 sarvaprathama upaniSadoM meM brahma kA vivecana huA hai| taittirIya upaniSad meM eka saMvAda ke antargata bhRgu ne pitA varuNa se prazna kiyA ki 'brahma' kyA hai / varuNa ne uttara diyA "yato vA imAni bhUtAni jAyante yena jAtAni jIvanti, yatprayantyabhisaMvizanti tadvijijJAsasya tad brahmeti / " 1 [ jisase ye samasta bhUta (jagat ke jar3a cetana padArtha) janma lete haiM, utpanna hokara jisake Azraya se jIte haiM aura punaH usI meM lauTakara pUrNataH vilIna ho jAte haiM, usI ko samyaka prakAra se jAnane kI icchA kro| yahI brahma hai / ] 9 brahma kA isI prakAra kA nirUpaNa dUsare zabdoM meM chAndogya upaniSad meM pAyA jAtA hai| isameM brahma ko 'vajlAn' (tat + ja++ an) kahA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki brahma tajja, talla aura tadana hai| vaha 'tajja' hai, kyoMki samasta bhUta usI se utpanna hote haiM vaha 'tarula' hai, kyoMki sabhI bhUtoM kA laya usI meM hotA hai aura vaha 'tadan' hai, kyoMki apanI sthiti ke samaya meM sabhI bhUta usase anana athavA prANana karate haiM / brahma meM ina tInoM kA samAveza hai, isalie brahma kA nirUpaNa 'tajjalAn' sUtra se kiyA jAtA hai / taittirIya upaniSad meM brahma ko saccidAnanda ( sat + cit + Ananda) mAnA gayA hai| usI meM saba padArthoM kA astitva hai, samasta caitanya kA srota bhI vahI hai aura Ananda kA udgama bhI / brahma ko 'satyaM zivam Anandam' bhI kahA gayA hai / vAstava meM 'tajjalAn' brahma kA 'taTastha' lakSaNa haiM, arthAt yahA~ brahma kA vicAra bAhya jagat kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA

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451 hai / brahma kA 'svarUpa' lakSaNa 'saccidAnanda' hai, jisameM brahma kA vicAra usake svarUpa kI dRSTi se kiyA gayA hai| aura bhI kaI dRSTiyoM se brahma ke Upara vicAra huA hai| taittirIya upaniSad (AnandavallI) meM anna, prANa, mana, vijJAna aura Ananda ko brahma ke pA~ca koSa batalAyA gayA hai / annamaya koSa brahma kA sabase sthUla (bhautika) AvaraNa hai| prANamaya isase sUkSma, manomaya prANamaya se bhI sUkSma, vijJAnamaya (bauddhika) manomaya se tathA Anandamaya koSa vijJAnamaya koSa se sUkSma hai / paravartI pUrvavartI se sUkSma aura usakA AdhAra hai| brahma Anandamaya se bhI sUkSma aura sabakA AdhAra hai| kucha vidvAn brahma ko Anandamaya mAnate hai, parantu vaha vAstava meM kevala Anandamaya na hokara 'Anandaghana' hai / brahma kI do avasthAe~ haiM(1) para brahma aura (2) apara brahma / apane zuddha rUpa meM brahma nirguNa aura nivizeSa hai / usakA nirvacana nahIM ho sakatA / isa rUpa meM vaha para brahma hai| parantu jaba brahma mAyA meM pratibimbita hotA hai taba vaha saguNa ho jAtA hai| isameM guNa Aropita hote haiN| yaha rUpa apara brahma kA hai| isI ko saguNa brahma, Izvara, bhagavAn Adi kahate haiN| zAGkara vedAnta meM brahma ko advaita hI kahA gayA hai| isakA artha yaha hai ki brahma ko na eka kaha sakate haiM aura na aneka / vaha donoM nirvacanoM se pare arthAt advaita hai| brahma kA vAstavika nirUpaNa niSedhAtmaka hai| isIlie usako 'neti-neti' (aisA nahIM, aisA nahIM) kahate haiN| brahmasUtra aura usake vibhinna bhASyoM meM aupaniSadika vacanoM ko hI lekara brahma kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| bAdarAyaNa ne upaniSad ke 'tajjalAn' ko lekara brahma kA lakSaNa 'janmAdyasya yataH' kahA hai (brahmasUtra, 1.1.2) / yaha brahma kA taTastha lakSaNa hai| isakA artha hai "jisase janma Adi sRSTi kI prakriyAe~ hotI hai vaha brahma hai| isake anusAra brahma se hI sRSTi kA prAdurbhAva hotA hai, isalie vaha vizva kA mUla kAraNa hai / brahma sRSTi meM antayApta hai, isalie vaha antaryAmI hai tathA sampUrNa sRSTi kA niyamana karatA hai / anta meM sRSTi kA vilaya brahma meM hI hotA hai, ataH vaha samasta vizva kA sAdhya bhI hai / vahI saba kucha hai, usake atirikta kucha nahIM hai| upaniSadoM meM isalie kahA gayA hai : 'sarvaM khalvidaM brahma neha nAnAsti kiJcana brahma satyaM jaganmithyA jIvo brahmaiva nApara:' aadi| isameM sandeha nahIM ki jagat kA prAdurbhAva brahma se huA hai / parantu brahma aura jagat meM kyA sambandha hai isako lekara bhASyakAra AcAryoM meM matabheda hai| sAMkhyadarzana prakRtivAdI hone se prakRti ko sRSTi kA upAdAna kAraNa mAnatA hai / nyAya-vaizeSika IzvaravAdI haiM ataH ve prakRti ko sRSTi kA upAdAna aura Izvara ko usakA nimitta kAraNa mAnate haiM / kintu vedAnta ke anusAra brahma hI eka mAtra sattA hai / ataH sRSTi kA upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa donoM vahI hai| isa mata ko 'abhinna nimittopAdAna kAraNavAda' kahate haiN| brahma hI eka mAtra sattA hai, isa para vedAnta ke sabhI sampradAyoM kA prAyaH aikamatya hai| parantu brahma, jIva aura jagata kA jo ApAtataH bheda dikhAI par3atA hai usakA kyA svarUpa hai, isa sambandha meM AcAryoM meM matabheda hai| bheda tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) svagata (2) sajAtIya aura (3) vijAtIya / yadi brahma ke atirikta aura koI bhinna sattA svIkAra kI jAya to jagat se brahma kA vijAtIya bheda ho jAyegA / yadi svayaM brahma hI eka se adhika ho to brahma kA jagat se sajAtIya bheda hogaa| yadi brahma virAT puruSa hai aura sampUrNa vividha vizva usameM samAviSTa hai to brahma kA jagat ke sAtha svagata bheda hai| sabhI vedAntI sampradAya brahma meM vijAtIya aura sajAtIya bheda kA pratyAkhyAna karate haiN| kintu viziSTAdvaita Adi kucha sampradAya svagata-bheda mAnate haiM / brahma ko puruSottama mAnane vAle prAyaH sabhI bhaktisampradAya svagata-bheda svIkAra karate haiN| kintu advaitavAdI zAGkara svagata-bheda bhI svIkAra nahIM karate / brahma meM kisI prakAra kA bheda, guNa, vikAra Adi mAnane ko ve taiyAra nhiiN| isalie unakA brahma kevala dhyAna aura anubhava kA pAtra hai| dharma yA upAsanA ko dRSTi se svagata bhedayukta saguNa brahma kA svarUpa hI upayogI hai / vahI Izvara hai aura bhaktoM kA ArAdhya hai / vaha sarvaguNasandoha aura bhaktoM kA premapAtra hai| vahI saMsAra meM avatarita aura loka ke maGgala meM pravRtta hotA hai| advaitavAdiyoM ke lie mAyA (dRzya prapaJca) mithyA hai, parantu bhaktoM ke lie vaha vAstavika aura bhagavAn kI zakti (yogamAyA) hai| AcAryoM ne tarka ke AdhAra para bhI brahmavAda kA samarthana karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / zaGkarAcArya ne brahA ke

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452 brahma eva idaM sarvam-brahmagupta astitva ko siddha karane ke lie mukhyataH tIna pramANa brahmakortanataraGgiNI-sadAziva brahmendra (bhaTroji dIkSita ke diye haiM : samakAlIna) racita eka grantha, jo abhI taka aprakA(a) saMsAra ke sabhI kAryoM aura vastuoM kA koI na zita hai| koI mUla kAraNa hotA hai, jisase ve utpanna hote hai / isa brahmakacaM vrata-(1) kArtika kRSNa caturdazI ko isakA anumUla kAraNa kA koI kAraNa nahIM hotA / vaha anAdi, aja, SThAna hotA hai| isameM upavAsa tathA paJcagavya prAzana kA sanAtana kAraNa brahma hai| vidhAna hai| paJcagavya kI pA~ca vastue~ haiM-gomUtra, gomaya, (A) saMsAra ke padArthoM aura kAryoM meM eka zRGkhalA godadhi, goghata aura godugdha / kintu ye pA~coM padArtha aura vyavasthA dikhAI par3atI hai| yaha acetana prakRti se vibhinna raMgoM kI gauoM se lene caahie| dUsare dina devoM saMbhava nahIM / ataH isakA Adi kAraNa cetana brahma hai| tathA bAhmaNoM kI pUjA karanI caahie| pUjanoparAnta (i) brahma ke sarvadA sarvatra vartamAna (pratyagAtmA) hone AhAra karane kA vidhAna hai| isase samasta pApoM kA kSaya ke kAraNa sabhI ko anubhava hotA hai ki 'maiM huuN| hotA hai| brahma aura jIvAtmA ke sambandha para bhI bhAratIya darzanoM meM pracura vicAra huA hai| isa carcA kA AdhAra hai upa (2) caturdazI ko upavAsa rakhate hue pUrNimA ko paJcaniSadvAkya 'tattvamasi' / AcArya zaGkara Adi advaitavAdI gavya prAzana, tadanantara haviSyAnna kA AhAra karanA caahie| isakA artha karate haiM, 'tU (AtmA) vaha (brahma) hai / ataH eka varSa taka prati mAsa isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / ve brahma aura jIvAtmA kA abheda mAnate haiN| AcArya (3) mAsa meM do bAra arthAt amAvasyA tathA pUrNimA rAmAnuja viziSTAdvaitavAdI hone ke kAraNa brahma aura ke krama se isakA pAkSika anuSThAna karanA caahie| jIva ke bIca viziSTa abheda (aikya) mAnate haiN| unake brahmagupta-brahmagupta gaNita-jyotiSa ke bahuta bar3e AcArya ho anusAra jIva aura brahma ke bIca aGga aura aGgI kA gaye hai| prasiddha jyotiSI bhAskarAcArya ne inako 'gaNakacakrasambandha hai / dvaitavAdI AcArya madhva upaniSadvAkya kI cUDAmaNi' kahA hai aura inake mUlAMkoM ko apane 'siddhAntavyAkhyA karate haiM, 'tU (AtmA) usakA (brahma kA) hai' aura ziromaNi' kA AdhAra mAnA hai| inake granthoM meM sarvabrahma aura jIva ke bIca sanAtana bheda mAnate haiM / ve brahma / prasiddha haiM, 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' aura 'khaNDakhAdyaka' / ko jIva kA svAmI evaM ArAdhya mAnate haiM / nimbArka ke khalIphAoM ke rAjyakAla meM inake anuvAda arabI bhASA anusAra donoM meM bhedAbheda sambandha hai, arthAt upAsanA ke meM bhI karAye gaye the, jinheM araba deza meM 'ala sinda lie jIva aura brahma meM bheda hai parantu tatvataH abheda hai| hinda' aura 'al arkanda' kahate the| pahalI pustaka vallabhAcArya ke vizuddhAdata ke anusAra brahma aura jIvAtmA brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' kA anuvAda hai aura dUsarI 'khaNDameM Atyantika abheda nahIM, kyoMki jIva aNu hone se khAdyaka' kaa| brahmagupta kA janma zaka 518 (653 vi0) utpanna aura vikRta hotA hai / mahAprabhu caitanya ke anusAra meM huA thA aura inhoMne zaka 550 (685 vi0) meM brahma aura jIva ke bIca acintya bhedAbheda kA sambandha hai| 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' kI racanA kI / inhoMne sthAna-sthAna brahma meM acintya (anirvacanIya) zaktiyA~ haiM jo bheda aura para likhA hai ki AryabhaTa, zrISeNa, viSNucandra Adi kI abheda donoM meM sAtha prakaTa hotI hai; kevala bheda athavA gaNanA se grahoM kA spaSTa sthAna zuddha nahIM AtA, isalie abheda mAnanA yukta nhiiN| bhagavAn meM donoM kA samAhAra ve tyAjya haiM aura 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' meM dRggaNitaikya hai / ina vicAradhArAoM ne dhArmika jIvana ke vividha hotA hai, isalie yahI mAnanA caahie| isase siddha hotA mArgoM ko janma diyA hai| hai ki brahmagupta ne 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' kI racanA grahoM brahma eva idaM sarvam -'brahma ho yaha sampUrNa vizva hai|' yaha / kA pratyakSa vedha karake kI thI aura ve isa bAta kI upaniSadoM (de0 muNDaka upaniSad 2.1.11) kA eka pramukha AvazyakatA samajhate the ki jaba kabhI gaNanA aura vedha meM siddhAnta hai| isI siddhAnta ne advaita vedAnta kI bhUmikA antara par3ane lage to vedha ke dvArA gaNanA zuddha kara lenI prastuta kii| cAhie / ye pahale AcArya the jinhoMne gaNita-jyotiSa kI

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brahmacarya-brahmadatta vedAntAcArya 453 racanA vizeSa krama se kI aura jyotiSa aura gaNita ke kabhI-kabhI prauDha aura vRddha loga bhI chAtrajIvana kA viSayoM ko alaga-alaga adhyAyoM meM baaNttaa| nivahi samaya-samaya para karate the, jaisA ki AruNi (bR0 brahmacarya-mUla artha hai 'brahma (veda athavA jJAna) ko prApti kA u0 6.1.6) kI kathA se jJAta hotA hai| AcaraNa / ' isakA rUDha prayoga vidyArthIjIvana ke artha meM brahmacarya kA sAmAnya artha strIcintana, darzana, sparza hotA hai / Arya jIvana ke cAra AzramoM meM prathama brahmacarya / Adi kA sarvathA tyAga hai / isa prakAra se hI paThana, bhajana, hai jo vidyArthI jIvana kI avasthA kA dyotaka hai / Rgveda dhyAna kI ora manoniveza saphala hotA hai / / ke antima maNDala meM isake arthoM para vivecana huA hai| brahmacArI-AryoM dvArA pAlita cAra AzramoM meM se niHsandeha vidyArthIjIvana kA abhyAsa kramazaH vikasita prathama AzramI, jo brahmacarya ke niyamoM ke sAtha vidyAhotA gayA evaM samaya ke sAtha-sAtha isake AcAra kar3e dhyayana meM nirata rahatA thaa| vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 hote gaye, kintu isakA vizada vivaraNa paravartI vaidika 'brhmcry'| sAhitya meM hI upalabdha hotA hai| brahmacArI kI prazaMsA meM brahmajJAnI--brahma ko jAnane vAlA / AtmA athavA brahma kA kathita atharvaveda (11.5) ke eka sUkta meM isake sabhI pUrNa jJAna jisane prApta kara liyA hai vahI brahmajJAnI hai / guNoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / AcArya dvArA karAye gaye vaha sabhI bandhanoM se mukta, mokSa kA adhikArI hotA hai / upanayana saMskAra dvArA baTuka kA naye jIvana meM praveza, brahmaNyatIrtha-madhva matAvalambI AcArya vyAsarAja svAmI mRgacarma dhAraNa karanA, kezoM ko bar3hAnA, samidhA saMgraha ke guru / inakA kAla solahavIM zatAbdI hai| karanA, bhikSAvRtti, adhyayana evaM tapasyA Adi usakI brahmatattvaprakAzikA-sadAzivendra sarasvatI ke granthoM meM sAdhAraNa caryA vaNita hai / ye sabhI viSaya paravartI sAhitya 'brahmasUtravRtti' bahuta prasiddha hai / yaha brahmasUtroM kI zAGkarameM bhI dRSTigata hote haiN| bhASyAnusAriNI vRtti hai| isakA adhyayana kara lene para vidyArthI AcArya ke ghara meM rahatA hai (AcAryakula zAGkara bhASya samajhanA sarala ho jAtA hai / isa vRtti kA vAsinaH, ai0 brA0 1.23,2; antevAsinaH, vahI 3.11,5); nAma 'brahmatattvaprakAzikA' hai| bhikSA mAMgatA hai, yajJAgni kI dekharekha karatA hai (chA0 brahmatattvasamIkSA-'bhAmatI' vyAkhyAkAra AcArya vAcau0 4.10.2) tathA ghara kI rakSA karatA hai (zata0 brA0 spati mizra (9vIM zatAbdI) dvArA racita brahmatattvasamIkSA 3.62.15) / usakA chAtrajIvanakAla bar3hAyA jA sakatA surezvarAcArya kRta brahmasiddhi kI TIkA hai| thA / sAdhAraNataH yaha kAla bAraha varSoM kA hotA thA jo brahmatarkastava-appaya dIkSita kA zaivamata pratipAdaka grantha kabhI-kabhI battIsa varSa taka ho sakatA thaa| chAtrajIvanA 'brahmatarkastava' vasantatilakA vRttoM meM racA gayA hai| isameM rambha ke kAla nizcaya meM bhI bhinnatA hai| zvetaketu 12 bhagavAn ziva kI mahattA batalAyI gayI hai / varSa kI avasthA meM ise Arambha kara 12 varSa taka adhya- brahmadatta cekitAneya-cekitAna ke vaMzaja, brahmadatta caikitAyana karatA rahA (chA0 u0 5.1.2) / gRhyasUtroM meM kahA neya ko vRhadAraNyakopaniSad (1.3,26) meM AcArya kahA gayA hai ki prathama tInoM vargoM ko brahmacarya Azrama meM rahanA gayA hai / jaiminIyopaniSad (1.38,1) meM unakA ullekha caahie| kintu isakA pAlana brAhmaNoM ke dvArA vizeSa kara, abhipratArI nAmaka kuru rAjA dvArA saMrakSita AcArya ke kSatriyoM dvArA usase kama tathA vaizyoM dvArA sabase kama rUpa meM huA hai| hotA thaa| dUsare aura tIsare varNa ke loga brahmacarya brahmavatta vedAntAcArya-zaGkarAcArya ke pUrva brahmadatta nAmaka (vidyArthIjIvana) ke eka aMza kA hI pAlana karate the eka atiprasiddha vedAntI ho gaye haiN| sambhava hai ve bhI aura sabhI vidyAoM kA adhyayana na kara kevala apane varNa vedAntasUtra ke bhASyakAra rahe hoN| brahmadatta ke vicAra se ke yogya vidyAbhyAsa karane ke bAda hI gRhasthAzrama meM praveza 'jIva anitya hai, ekamAtra brahma hI nitya padArtha hai|' isa kara jAte the / kSatriyakumAra vizeSa kara yuddha vidyA kA hI mata ko vedAntadezikAcArya ne apane 'tattvamuktAkalApa' adhyayana karate the / rAjakumAra yuddhavidyA, rAjanIti, dharma kI TokA sarvArthasiddhi (2.16) meM uddhRta kiyA hai| tathA anyAnya vidyAoM meM bhI pANDitya prApta karate the| brahmadatta kahate haiM-"jIva tathA jagat donoM hI brahma se

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brahmadvAdazI-brahmayAmala utpanna hokara brahma meM hI lIna ho jAte haiN|" inakI sAmagrI pAyI jAtI hai / isameM 245 adhyAya aura 14000 dRSTi se upaniSadoM kA yathArtha tAtparya 'tattvamasi' ityAdi zloka haiN| purANa ke paJcalakSaNa-sarga, pratisarga, vaMza, mahAvAkyoM meM nahIM hai, kintu 'AtmA vA are draSTavyaH' manvantara tathA vaMzAnucarita isameM pAye jAte haiN| isameM ityAdi niyogavAkyoM meM hai| inake mata se sAdhaka kI prathama saSTi kA varNana, tadanantara sUrya aura candravaMza kA kisI avasthA meM karmoM kA tyAga nahIM ho sktaa| saMkSipta paricaya hai| isake pazcAta pArvatI kA AkhyAna aura zaGkarAcArya ne bRhadAraNyaka (1.4.7) ke bhASya meM mArkaNDeya kI kathA ke anantara kRSNakathA (a0 180 brahmadatta ke mata kA ullekha kiyA hai| isa mata meM ajJAna -212) vistAra se dI huI hai| maraNottara avasthA kA kI nivRtti bhAvanAjanya jJAna se hotI hai / aupaniSada jJAna varNana aneka adhyAyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| sUryapUjA aura mukti ke lie paryApta nahIM hai| brahmadatta kahate haiM : 'yadyapi sUryamahimA kA varNana bhI huA hai (a0 28-33) / darzana deha ke avasthitikAla meM devatA kA sAkSAtkAra ho sakatA zAstra kA bhI vivecana hai| sAMkhyadarzana kI samIkSA dasa hai tathApi unake sAtha milana tabhI saMbhava hai jaba deha na adhyAyoM (234-244) meM pAyI jAtI hai| kintu isa rahe / prArabdha karma upAsya ke sAtha upAsaka ke milane meM purANa kA sAMkhya sezvara sAMkhya hai aura jJAna ke sAtha bhakti pratibandhaka hai|' brahmadatta dhyAnayogavAdI the, ve jIvanmukti kA vizeSa mahattva svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| isake anta meM nahI mAnate / zaGkarAcArya ke mata se mokSa dRSTaphala hai| dharma kI mahimA nimnAMkita prakAra se gAyI gayI hai : brahmadatta ke mata se yaha adRSTaphala hai| dhame matirbhavatu vaH puruSottamAnAM brahmadvAdazI-pauSa zukla dvAdazI ko jyeSThA nakSA hone para sa hyeka eva paraloka gatasya bandhuH / isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai, devatA arthAH striyazca nipurNarapi sevyamAnA viSNu haiM / eka varSa taka prati mAsa bhagavAn viSNu kI naiva prabhAvamupayanti naca sthiratvam / / pUjA tathA usa dina upavAsa rakhanA cAhie / prati mAsa vibhinna vastuoM, jaise ghI, cAvala tathA jau kA homa honA _ (brahmapurANa, 255-35) caahie| brahmabandhu-AcArahIna, nindanIya brAhmaNa / isa zabda kA brahmanandI-prAcIna kAla ke eka vedAntAcArya / inakA mata ayogya athavA nAmamAtra kA purohita artha aitareya brA0 madhasUdana sarasvatI ne 'saMkSepazArIraka' kI TIkA (3. (7.27) tathA chAndogya u0 (6.1.1) meM kiyA gayA hai| 217) meM uddhRta kiyA hai / isase anumAna kiyA jAtA 'rAjanyabandhu' se isakA sAmya draSTavya hai| smRtiyoM meM bhI hai ki zAyada ye bhI advaita vedAnta ke AcArya rahe hoNge| 'brahmabandhu' kA prayoga huA hai, jahA~ isakA artha hai 'vaha prAcIna vedAnta sAhitya meM brahmanandI 'chAndogyavAkyakAra' / vyakti jo nAma mAtra kA brAhmaNa hai, jisameM brAhmaNa ke athavA kevala 'vAkyakAra' nAma se prasiddha the| guNa nahIM haiM aura jo brAhmaNa kA kevala bhAI-bandhu hai|' brahmapadazaktivAda-svAmI anantAcArya kRta eka grantha / isameM brahmabindu upaniSad-yoga vidyA sambandhI eka upaniSad / rAmAnuja sampradAya ke siddhAnta kA samarthana kiyA gayA hai| isa varga kI sabhI upaniSadeM chandobaddha haiM, jinameM yaha brahmapatrasnAna-brahmaputra nadI meM, jise Upara kI ora sabase prAcIna hai tathA saMnyAsavargIya maitrAyaNI kI samakAlauhitya bhI kahA jAtA hai, caitra zukla aSTamI ko snAna lIna hai| karane se vizeSa puNya hotA hai| isa snAna se samasta pApoM brahmamImAMsA-upaniSadoM ke brahma sambandhI cintana kA vikAsa kA nAza ho jAtA hai| jaisA ki vizvAsa hai, usa dina vedAnta darzana meM huA hai, jise uttaramImAMsA, brahma sambandhI vedAnta darzana meM dazA hai jise unAsImA nA samasta nadiyoM tathA samudra kA bhI jala brahmaputra meM vartamAna paravartI jijJAsA athavA brahmamomAMsA bhI kahate haiN| rahatA hai| brahmayAmala tantra-yAmala kA artha jor3A (yugma) hai| aise brahmapurANa---isa purANa kA dUsarA nAma Adi brAhma hai| kucha tantroM meM mUla devatA ke sAtha sAtha usakI zakti kA yaha vaiSNava purANa hai aura isameM viSNu ke avatAroM kI bhI nirUpaNa hai| ATha yAmala tantra haiM, inameM brahmayAmala bhI pradhAnatA hai| isameM purANa kA mUla rUpa aura prAcInatama eka hai|

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brahmarambhA-brahmavidyAvijaya 455 brahmarambhA-dakSiNa bhArata ke 'zrIzaila' nAmaka pavitra parvata tIna dinoM taka tiloM ke sAtha pUjana karanA cAhie / sAtha para yaha zAkta tIrtha hai| sthAnIya lekhoM (sthalamAhAtmya) hI agni kA pUjana kara pratimA ko tila sahita kisI ke AdhAra para yaha mallikArjuna kA banavAyA huA batAyA sapatnIka gRhastha ko dAna kara denA caahie| isa vrata ke jAtA hai| caturtha zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM candragupta maurya kI AcaraNa se vratI brahmaloka ko prApta kara jIvanamukta ho putrI isake devatA ke prati atyanta bhakti rakhatI thI, vaha jAtA hai| nitya mandira meM mallikA (mallikApuSpa) car3hAtI thii| (2) dvitIyA ke dina kisI vaidika (brahmacArI) ko eka lekha se yaha bhI jJAta hotA hai ki bauddha vidvAn nAgA bhojanAdi khilAkara sammAna kiyA jAnA caahie| brahmA rjana ne bhikSuoM tathA saMnyAsiyoM ko yahA~ rahane ke lie kI pratimA ko kamalapatra para virAjamAna karake gandha, akSata, AmaMtrita kiyA tathA sabhI dhArmika pustakoM kA yahA~ saMgraha puSpAdi se usakA pUjana karanA caahie| isake bAda dhI kiyA / bauddhadharma ke avasAna para yaha Azrama hindU mandira tathA samidhAoM se havana karane kA vidhAna hai| meM parivatita huA tathA yahA~ ziva tathA unakA zakti brahmalakSaNanirUpaNa-svAmI anantAcArya (solahavIM zatAbdI) mAdhavI yA 'brahmarambhA' kI upAsanA Arambha huI / dakSiNa dvArA racita eka grantha / isameM rAmAnuja sampradAya ke mata bhArata meM yaha eka mAtra mandira hai, jahA~ sabhI jAtiyoM kA pratipAdana huA hai| athavA vargoM ke puruSa tathA striyA~ pUjA meM bhAga le brahmaloka-purANoM meM brahmANDa ko sAta UparI tathA sAta sakate haiN| nicale lokoM meM ba~TA huA batAyA gayA hai| isa prakAra brahmarAkSasa-de0 'brAhma puruSa / ' kula caudaha loka haiN| sAta UparI lokoM meM satyaloka brahmaSideza-brahmarSiyoM ke nivAsa kA deza / isakI pari- athavA brahmaloka sabase Upara hai| yahA~ ke nivAsiyoM kI bhASA aura mahimA manusmRti (2.19-20) meM isa prakAra mRtyu nahIM hotii| yaha apane nicale tapoloka se 1200 dI huI hai : lAkha yojana U~cA hai| kurukSetraJca matsyAzca paJcAlAH zUrasenakAH / brahmavidyA-yaha chAndogya upaniSad (7.1,2,4;2,17,1) eSa brahmarSidezo vai brahmAvartAdanantaraH / / tathA bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad ( 1.4,20 Adi ) meM eka etaddezaprasUtasya sakAzAdagrajanmanaH / prakAra kI vidyA batAyI gayI hai jisakA artha hai 'brahma kA svaM svaM caritraM zikSeran pRthivyAM sarvamAnavAH // jJAna' / pratyeka mahAn dharma ke do bar3e bhAga dekhe jAte haiM : [ kurukSetra, matsya, paJcAla, zUrasena milakara brahmarSideza pahalA Antarika tathA dUsarA bAhya / pahalA AtmA hai to dUsarA zarIra / pahale bhAga meM carama sattA (brahma) kA jJAna hai, jo brahmAvarta ke nikaTa hai| isa deza meM utpanna brAhmaNa ke pAsa se pRthvI ke sabhI mAnava apanA-apanA caritra tathA dUsare meM dhArmika niyamoM kA pAlana, kriyAe~ tathA utsavAdi kriyAkalApa nihita hote haiM / dharma ke pahale bhAga sIkhate rheN| ] ko hindUdharma meM 'brahmavidyA' kahate haiM tathA isake jAnane yahA~ ke AcAra-vicAra Adarza mAne jAte the| vAloM ko 'brahmavAdI' kahate haiM / brahmavAdI-prAcIna kAla meM isakA artha 'veda kI vyAkhyA brahmavidyA upaniSada-yoga vidyA sambandhI eka upaniSad / karane vAlA' thA / brAhmaNa granthoM meM 'brahmavid' brahma (parama yaha chandobaddha hai| spaSTataH yaha paravartI upaniSada hai| tattva) ko jAnane vAle ko kahA gayA hai| Age calakara brahmavidyAbharaNa-15vIM zatAbdI ke eka vedAntAcArya advaitAisakA artha 'brahma hI eka mAtra sattA hai aisA kahane vAlA' nanda ne zAGkarabhASya ke AdhAra para brahmavidyAbharaNa nAmaka ho gayA / vedAntavRtti likhI hai| isameM brahmasUtra ke cAra adhyAyoM brahmavata-(1) kisI bhI pavitra tathA ullekhanIya dina meM kI vyAkhyA hai / sAtha hI isameM pAzupata dharma ke Avazyaka isa vrata kA anuSThAna ho sakatA hai / yaha prakIrNaka vrata hai| niyamoM kA bhI varNana huA hai| isameM brahmANDa (gola) kI suvarNa pratimA kA lagAtAra brahmavidyAvijaya-vedAntazAstrI dohayAcArya dvArA racita eka

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456 brahmavidyAsamAja-brahmasara grantha / dohayAcArya rAmAnuja svAmI ke anuyAyI tathA appaya dIkSita ke samakAlIna the| brahmavidyAsamAja-brahmavidyAsamAja yA 'thiyosophikala sosAiTI' kI sthApaka zrImatI blAvAtskI thiiN| isakI sthApanA 'Arya samAja' ke udaya ke sAtha hI 1885 I0 ke lagabhaga huI / isakA mukhya sthAna adyAra (madrAsa) meM rakhA gyaa| brAhmasamAja' kI taraha isameM eka mAtra brahma kI upAsanA Avazyaka na thI, aura na jAti-pAti yA matipUjA kA khaNDana Avazyaka thaa| Arya samAja kI taraha isane hindu saMskRti aura vedoM ko apanA AdhAra nahIM banAyA aura na kisI mata kA khaNDana kiyA / isakA eka mAtra uddezya vizvabandhutva aura sAtha hI gupta AtmazaktiyoM kA anusandhAna aura sarvadharma samanvaya hai| isake uddezyoM meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki dharma, jAti, sampradAya, varNa, rASTra, prajAti, varga meM kisI taraha kA bhedabhAva na rakhakara vizva meM bandhutva kI sthApanA mukhyatayA abhISTa hai| ataH isameM sabhI taraha ke dharma-matoM ke strI-puruSa sammilita hue| punarjanma, karmavAda, avatAravAda jo hindutva kI vizeSatAe~ thIM ve isameM prArambha se hI sammilita thiiN| guru kI upAsanA tathA yogasAdhanA isake rahasyoM meM vizeSa sanniviSTa huii| tapasyA, japa, vrata Adi kA pAlana bhI isameM Avazyaka mAnA gyaa| isa taraha isakI AdhArazilA hindU saMskRti para pratiSThita thI / zrImatI enIveseNTa Adi kaI videzI sadasya apane ko hindU kahate the, unakI uttarakriyA hinduoM kI taraha kI jAtI thii| isa sabhA kI zAkhAe~ sAre vizva meM Aja bhI vyApta haiN| hindU sadasya isameM sabase adhika haiM / pAzcAtya zikSA ke prabhAva se jinake mana meM sandeha utpanna ho gayA thA, parantu jo punarjanma, varNAzrama vibhAga Adi ko ThIka mAnate the, aura na brAhma- samAjI ho sakate the na AryasamAjI, aise hinduoM kI eka bhArI saMkhyA ne thiyosophikala sosAiTI ko apanAyA aura usameM apanI sattA binA khoye sammilita ho gaye / bhArata kI apekSA pAzcAtya dezoM meM yaha saMsthA adhika lokapriya aura vyApaka hai| brahmaveda atharvaveda kA sAkSAtkAra atharvA nAmaka RSi ne kiyA, isalie isakA nAma atharvaveda ho gyaa| yajJa ke RtvijoM meM se brahmA ke lie atharvaveda kA upayoga hotA thA, ataH isako 'brahmaveda' bhI kahate haiN| griphitha ne isake aMgrejI anuvAda kI bhUmikA meM brahmaveda kahalAne ke tIna kAraNa kahe haiM / pahale kA ullekha para huA hai| dUsarA kAraNa yaha hai ki isa veda meM mantra hai, ToTake haiM, AzIrvAda haiM aura prArthanAe~ haiM, jinase devatAoM ko prasanna kiyA jA sakatA hai| manuSya, bhUta, preta, pizAca Adi AsurI zatruoM ko zApa diyA jA sakatA aura naSTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / ina prArthanAtmikA stutiyoM ko 'brahmANi' kahA jAtA thaa| inhIM kA jJAnasamuccaya hone se isakA nAma brahma veda pdd'aa| brahmaveda kahalAne kI tIsarI yukti yaha hai ki jahA~ tInoM veda isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhaprApti ke upAya batalAte haiM aura dharma pAlana kI zikSA dete haiM, vahA~ brahmaveda apane dArzanika suktoM dvArA brahmajJAna sikhAtA hai aura mokSa ke upAya batalAtA hai| isI lie atharvaveda ko adhyAtmavidyAprada upaniSadeM bar3I mahattvapUrNa haiN| brahmavaivartapurANa-yaha vaiSNava purANa samajhA jAtA hai| isake Adhe bhAga meM tIna khaNDa haiM, brahmakhaNDa, prakRtikhaNDa aura gaNapatikhaNDa; aura Adhe se kucha adhika meM kRSNajanmakhaNDa kA pUrvArdha aura uttarArdha hai| isakI zlokasaMkhyA 18 hajAra hai| skandapurANa ke anusAra yaha purANa sUrya bhagavAn kI mahimA kA pratipAdana karatA hai / matsyapurANa isameM brahmA kI mukhyatA kI ora saMketa karatA hai| parantu svayaM brahmavaivartapurANa meM viSNu kI hI mahattA pratipAdita milatI hai| nirNayasindhu meM eka 'laghu brahmavaivartapurANa' kA varNana hai, parantu vaha samprati kahIM nahIM pAyA jAtA / dAkSiNAtya aura gauDIya do pATha isa purANa ke milate haiM / Ajakala aneka choTe-choTe grantha brahmavaivartapurANa ke antargata prasiddha haiM, jaise alaMkAradAnavidhi, ekAdazImAhAtmya, kRSNastotra, gaMgAstotra, gaNezakavaca, garbhastuti, parazurAma prati zaGkaropadeza, bakulAraNya tathA brahmAraNya-mAhAtmya, muktikSetramAhAtmya, rAdhA-uddhavasaMvAda, zrAvaNadvAdazIvrata, zrIgoSThImAhAtmya, svAmizailamAhAtmya, kAzI-kedAramAhAtmya Adi / brahmasara-( samantapaMcaka tIrtha ) kurukSetra kA bhArataprasiddha vaiSNava tIrtha / brahmasara kA vistRta sarovara ( jo aba kUrukSetra sarovara ke nAma se sAdhAraNa jana meM prasiddha hai) 1442 gaja laMbA tathA 700 gaja caur3A hai| isake bhItara do

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brahmasampradAya-brahmasUtrabhASya 457 dvIpa haiM jinameM prAcIna mandira tathA aitihAsika sthAna haiN| zrutiyoM kA samanvaya brahma meM kiyA gayA hai| dUsare choTe dvIpa meM garur3a sahita bhagavAn viSNu kA mandira hai adhyAya kA sAdhAraNa nAma 'avirodha' hai| isake prathama jo pula dvArA zravaNanAtha maTha se milA huA hai / eka bar3A pAda meM svamatapratiSThA ke lie smRti-tarkAdi virodhoM kA pula bar3e dvIpa ke madhya se hokara dakSiNI taTa se uttarI taTa parihAra kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya pAda meM viruddha matoM ke prati ko milAtA hai / isa dvIpa meM AmoM ke bagIce, prAcIna doSAropaNa kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya pAda meM brahma se tatvoM mandira tathA bhavanoM ke bhagnAvazeSa hai| candrakUpa kA ati kI utpatti kahI gayI hai aura caturtha pAda meM bhUtaviSayaka prAcIna sthAna hai / purANoM meM varNana milatA hai ki mahA- zrutiyoM kA virodhaparihAra kiyA gayA hai| bhArata kAla ke pahale brahmasara nAmaka sarovara mahArAja tRtIya adhyAya kA sAdhAraNa nAma 'sAdhana' hai| isameM kuru ne nirmita karAyA thaa| (vAmanapurANa, adhyAya 22, jIva aura brahma ke lakSaNoM kA nirdeza karake mukti ke zloka 14) / bahiraMga aura antaraMga sAdhanoM kA nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isa sarovara ke Asa-pAsa kucha Adhunika bhavanoM kA caturtha adhyAya kA nAma 'phala' hai| isameM jIvanmukti, jIva nirmANa ho gayA hai, jaise kAlIkamalI vAle kI dharmazAlA, kI utkrAnti, saguNa aura nirguNa upAsanA ke phalatArazravaNanAtha kI havelI, gauDIya maTha, kurukSetra jIrNoddhAra tamya para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| brahmasUtra para sabhI vedAsosAiTI ( jise gItAbhavana kahate haiM ), gItAmandira, ntIya sampradAyoM ke AcAryoM ne bhASya, TIkA va vRttiyA~ gurudvArA aura guru nAnaka kI smRti meM aura eka gurudvArA likhI haiN| inameM gambhIratA, prAJjalatA, sauSThava aura bana gayA hai| prasAda guNoM kI adhikatA ke kAraNa zAGkara bhASya sarvazreSTha brahmasampradAya-mAdhva sampradAya kA eka nAma / sthAna rakhatA hai| isakA nAma 'zArIraka bhASya' hai / brahmasAvitrIvrata-bhAdrapada zukla trayodazI ko isa vrata brahmasUtra kA aNubhASya-zuddhAdvaitavAda ke pratiSThApaka vallabhAkA anuSThAna hotA hai| vratI ko tIna dina taka upavAsa cArya (1479-1531 I0) ne isakI racanA ko / brahmasUtra karanA caahie| yadi aisA karane kI sAmarthya na ho to (vedAntasUtra) ke mUla pATha kI tulanAtmaka vyAkhyA para hI trayodazI ko ayAcita, caturdazI ko nakta paddhati tathA vallabha kA vizeSa bala hai| ataH sUtroM kA ghaniSTha anusArI pUrNimA ko upavAsa rakhA jAya / suvarNa, rajata athavA hone ke kAraNa, kucha logoM ke vicAra se vallabha kA bhASya mRnmayI brahmA tathA sAvitrI kI pratimAe~ vanavAkara unakA 'anubhASya' kahalAtA hai / ve svayaM kahate haiM : pUjana kiyA jAya / pUrNimA kI rAtri ko jAgaraNa tathA sandehavArakaM zAstraM buddhidoSAttadbhavaH / utsava karanA cAhie / dUsare dina prAtaH suvarNa kI dakSiNA sahita pratimAe~ dAna meM de dI jAya~ / de0 hemAdri, 2.258 viruddhazAstrasaMbhedAd aGgazcAzakyanizcayaH / / 272 (bhaviSyottara purANa se)| yaha vaTa-sAvitrIvrata ke tasmAtsUtrAnusAreNa kartavyaH sarvanirNayaH / samAna hai / kevala tithi tathA sAvitrI kI kathA hemAdri meM anyathA bhrazyate svArthAnmadhyamazca tathAvidhaiH / / kucha vistAra se batalAyI gayI hai / ___ (aNubhASya, caukhambA saM0, pR0 20) brahmasiddhi-vedAnta kA eka prasiddha grantha / zaMkarAcArya ke brahmasUtradIpikA-mahAtmA zaGkarAnanda (vidyAraNyasvAmI ke ziSya surezvarAcArya (bhUtapUrva maNDana mitha) dvArA racita yaha zikSAguru) ne, jo 14vIM zatAbdI meM viziSTa advaitavAdI grantha advaita vedAnta mata kA samarthaka hai| vidvAn ho gaye haiM, zAGkara mata ko puSTa aura pracArita brahmasUtra-vedAnta zAstra athavA uttara ( brahma) mImAMsA kA karane ke lie brahmasUtradIpikA nAmaka grantha kI racanA AdhAra grantha / isake racayitA bAdarAyaNa kahe jAte kii| isameM unhoMne bar3I sarala bhASA meM zAGkara matAnusAra hai / inase pahale bhI vedAnta ke AcArya ho gaye haiM, sAta brahmasUtra kI vyAkhyA kI hai| AcAryoM ke nAma to isa' grantha meM hI prApta haiN| isakA brahmasUtrabhASya (aneka)-zaMkarAcArya ke pazcAdbhAvI sabhI viSaya hai bahma kA vicAra / brahmasUtra ke prathama adhyAya kA pramukha vaidika sampradAyAcAryoM ne apane-apane matoM ke sthApanAma 'samanvaya' hai, isameM aneka prakAra kI paraspara viruddha nArtha brahmasUtra para bhASyoM kI racanA kI hai| unameM viziSTA 58

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458 brahmasUtrabhASyavArtika-brahmANDapurANa dvaitavAdI AcArya rAmAnuja ke bhASya ko 'zrIbhASya' kahate nAbhikamala se brahmA kI svayaM utpatti huI, haiM / AcArya madhva ( AnandatIrtha ) kA dvaitavAdI bhASya ___ 'svayaMbhU' kahalAte haiN| ghora tapasyA ke pazcAt inhoMne hai / kahA jAtA hai, viSNusvAmI ne bhI eka bhASya racA brahmANDa kI sRSTi kI thI / vAstava meM sRSTi hI brahmA kA thA, aba usake sthAna para vallabhAcArya kA 'aNubhASya' praca- mukhya kArya hai / sAvitrI inakI patnI, sarasvatI putrI aura lita hai| 'vedAntapArijAtasaurabha' nAma se dvaitAdvaitavAdI haMsa vAhana hai / brAhma purANoM meM brahmA kA svarUpa viSNu ke AcArya nimbArka kA sUkSma bhASya hai| bhedAbheda mata ke anu- sadRza hI nirUpita kiyA gayA hai| ye jJAnasvarUpa, paramezvara, sAra bhAskarAcArya (900 I0) ne bhI brahmasUtra para bhASya aja, mahAn tathA sampUrNa prANiyoM ke janmadAtA aura racA hai| baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ne gauDIya (caitanya) sampra- antarAtmA batalAye gaye haiN| kArya, kAraNa aura cala, acala dAya kA acintya bhedAbhedavAdI bhASya banAyA hai| rAmA- sabhI inake antargata hai / samasta kalA aura vidyA inhoMne hI nandI vaiSNava sampradAya ke 'AnandabhASya' aura 'jAnakI- prakaTa kI haiN| ye triguNAtmikA mAyA se atIta brahma haiM / bhASya' bhI aba prakAzita ho gaye haiN| zaiva sampradAya kA ye hiraNyagarbha haiM aura sArA brahmANDa inhIM se nikalA hai| anusArI 'zrIkaNThabhASya' madhyakAla meM nirmita ho gayA thaa| yadyapi brAhma purANoM meM trimUrti ke antargata ye agragaNya ma0 ma0 paM0 pramathanAtha tarkabhUSaNa ne kucha samaya pUrva aura prathama bane rahe, kintu dhArmika sampradAyoM kI dRSTi 'zaktibhASya' kI racanA kI hai| se inakA sthAna viSNu, ziva, zakti, gaNeza, sUrya Adi se brahmasUtrabhASyavArtika---AcArya zaGkara ke ziSya surezvarA- gauNa ho gayA, inakA koI pRthak sampradAya nahIM bana cArya dvArA racita isa grantha meM kevalAdvaitavAdI zAGkaramata pAyA / brahmA ke mandira bhI thor3e hI haiN| sabase prasiddha kA pratipAdana huA hai| brahmA kA tIrtha ajamera ke pAsa puSkara hai / vRddha pitA kI taraha brahmasUtrabhASyopanyAsa-viziSTAdvaitavAdI vidvAn doddaya devaparivAra meM inakA sthAna upekSita hotA gyaa| vaiSNava mahAcArya dvArA racita brahmasUtrabhASyopanyAsa 16vIM zatAbdI aura zaiva purANoM meM brahmA ko gauNa pradarzita karane ke kA grantha hai| bahudhA prayatna pAye jAte haiM / viSNu ke nAbhikamala se brahmA brahmasUtravRtti-sadAzivendra svAmI ke race gaye granthoM meM kI utpatti svayaM viSNu ke sAmane inakI gauNatA kI brahmasUtravRtti bahuta lokapriya hai| isake adhyayana ke bAda dyotaka hai| mArkaNDeya purANa ke madhu-kaiTabhavadha prasaMga meM zAGkarabhASya ko samajhanA sarala ho jAtA hai / isakA anya viSNu kA utkarSa aura brahmA kI vipannatA dikhAyI nAma 'brahmatattvaprakAzikA' hai| gayI hai / brahmA kI pUjAmUrti ke nirmANa kA varNana matsyabrahmahatyA-isakA ullekha yajurveda saMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM purANa (259.40-44) meM pAyA jAtA hai| atyanta ghRNita pApa ke rUpa meM huA hai / hatyAre ko 'brahmahA' brahmANo-zakti ko sAmAnya pUjA meM jaganmAtAoM (vibhinna kahA gayA hai / smRtiyoM meM bhI 'brahmahatyA' mahApAtakoM meM devoM kI patniyoM) kI pUjA hotI hai| ye mAtAe~ ATha hai, ginAyo gayI hai aura isake prAyazcitta kA vistata vidhAna jo ATha devoM se sambandhita haiN| inako 'aSTa mAtRkA' bhI kiyA gayA hai| kahate haiM / brahmANI kA sambandha brahmA se hai| brahmA-sarvazreSTha paurANika tridevoM meM brahmA, viSNu evaM ziva brahmANDa upapurANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM se eka brahmANDa kI gaNanA hotI hai| inameM brahmA kA nAma pahale AtA hai, bhI hai| kyoMki ve vizva ke Adya saSTA, prajApati, pitAmaha tathA brahmANDapurANa-aThAraha mahApurANoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / hiraNyagarbha hai / de0 prjaapti| purANoM meM jo brahmA kA rUpa isakI saMkSipta viSayasucI nAradIya purANa meM pAyI jAtI vaNita milatA hai vaha vaidika prajApati ke rUpa kA vikAsa hai| isameM 12000 (bAraha sahasra) ke lagabhaga zloka hai / hai / prajApati kI samasta vaidika gAthAe~ brahmA para Aro- isake antargata 'lalitopAkhyAna' bhI mAnA jAtA hai / isI pita kara lI gayI haiN| prajApati aura unakI duhitA kI purANa kA aMza prasiddha rAmacaritra adhyAtmarAmAyaNa' kahI kathA purANoM meM brahmA aura sarasvatI ke rUpa meM varNita haI jAtI hai, kintu mUla purANa yA usakI sUcI meM isakI hai| purANoM ke anusAra kSIrasAgara meM zeSazAyI viSNu ke carcA nahIM hai| rAmAyaNa kI kathA anya purANoM meM bhI

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brahmAnanda-brahmopAsanA 459 milatI hai, parantu adhyAtmarAmAyaNa meM yaha kathA vistAra brahmAvarta-(1) Adhunika hariyAnA pradezastha prAcInatama aura dArzanika dRSTikoNa se kahI gayI hai| nimnAMkita pavitra bhabhAga, jisakA zAbdika artha brahma (veda) kA Avarta anya choTe-choTe grantha bhI isI purANa se nikale batAye (ghUmane yA prasaraNa kA sthAna) hai| manusmRti (2.17) ke jAte haiM : anusAra kurukSetra ke Asa-pAsa sarasvatI aura dRSadvatI agnIzvara, aJjanAdri, anantazayana, arjunapura, aSTa nadiyoM ke bIca kA pradeza brahmAvarta kahalAtA hai| manu netrasthAna, Adipura, Anandanilaya, RSipaJcamI, kaThora (2.18) ke anusAra isa deza ke AcAra ko hI sArva dezika AcaraNa ke lie Adarza mAnA gayA hai| giri, kAlahasti, kAmAkSIvilAsa, kArtika, kAberI, kumbhakoNa, godAvarI, gopurI, kSIrasAgara, gomukhI, campa (2) kAnapura se uttara gaGgAtaTavartI biThUra nAmaka kAraNya, jJAnamaNDala, tajApurI, tArakabrahmamantra, tuGga tIrtha kA samIpavartI kSetra bhI brahmAvarta kahalAtA hai| saMbhabhadrA, tulasI, dakSiNAmUrti, devadAruvana, nandagiri, narasiMha, vataH yaha paurANika tIrtha hai| lakSmIpUjA, veGkaTeza, zivagaGgA, kAJco, zrIraGga, ke mAhAtmya brahmAvAptivata-kisI bhI mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dazamI tathA gaNezakavaca, veGkaTezakavaca, hanumatkavaca Adi / ke dina isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai / brahmAnanda-ApastambasUtra ke aneka bhASyakAroM meM se eka / isa dina upavAsa rakhate hue dasa devoM kI, jinheM 'aGgirA' mANDUkyopaniSad ke eka vattikAra kA nAma bhI brahmA- kahA jAtA hai, eka varSa taka pUjA karanI caahie| nanda hai| brahmodya-zatapatha Adi brAhANoM meM isakA artha 'dhArmika brahmAnanda sarasvatI-ucca tAkikatApUrNa advaitasiddhi grantha pahelI' hai, jo vaidika kriyAoM ke vibhinna AyojanoM kA ke TIkAkAra / ye madhusUdana sarasvatI ke samakAlIna the / Avazyaka bhAga hotI thI / jaise azvamedha athavA dazarAtra mAdhva matAvalambI vyAsarAja ke ziSya rAmAcArya ne madhu ke avasara para isakA Ayojana hotA thaa| kauSItaki sUdana sarasvatI se advaitasiddhi kA adhyayana kara phira unhIM brAhmaNa (27.4 ) meM isa zabda kA rUpa 'brahmavadya' ke mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie 'taraGgiNI' nAmaka grantha tathA tai0 saM0 ( 2.5,8,3,) meM 'brahmavAdya' hai, aura kI racanA kI thii| isase asantuSTa hokara brahmAnandajI sambhavataH ina tInoM kA eka hI artha hai-brahma saMbandhI ne advaitasiddhi para 'laghucandrikA' nAma kI TIkA likhakara rahasyAtmaka carcA | taraGgiNIkAra ke mata kA khaNDana kiyaa| isameM inheM pUrNa brahmopaniSad-(1) 'brahma' ke sambandha meM eka rahasyapUrNa saphalatA prApta huI hai| inhoMne rAmAcArya kI sabhI Apa siddhAnta, jo chAndogyopaniSad (3.11.3) ke eka saMvAda ttiyoM kA bahuta santoSajanaka samAdhAna kiyA / saMsAra kA kA viSaya hai, brahmopaniSad kahalAtA hai| mithyAtva, ekajIvavAda, nirguNatva, brahmAnanda, nitya- (2) saMnyAsa mArgI eka upaniSad / isakA prAraMbhika niratizaya AnandarUpatA, muktivAda-ina sabhI viSayoM kA bhAga to kama se kama utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanI maMtrAinhoMne dArzanika samarthana kiyA hai| ye advaitavAda ke eka yaNI, kintu uttarabhAga AruNeya, jAbAla, paramahaMsa upapradhAna AcArya mAne jAte hai| inakA sthitikAla 17vIM niSadoM kA samasAmayika hai| zatAbdI hai / inake dIkSAguru paramAnanda sarasvatI the aura brahmopAsanA-(1) brahma ke sambandha meM vicAra athavA vidyAguru nArAyaNatIrtha / cintana / upaniSadoM tathA paravartI vedAnta granthoM meM isI (isa TIkAvalI ke AdhAra para dvaita-advaita vAdoM kA upAsanA paddhati kA vivecana huA hai| tArkika zAstrArtha yA paraspara khaNDana-maNDana aba taka (2) brAhmasamAja ke dvitIya utkarSa kAla meM maharSi calA A rahA hai, jo dArzanika pratibhA kA eka manoraJjana devendranAtha ThAkura ne upaniSadoM kI chAnabIna kara unake kucha hI hai|) aMza samAja kI sevAsabhAoM ke lie 1850 I0 meM grantha brahmAmRtavarSiNI-mahAtmA rAmAnanda sarasvatI ( 17vIM ke rUpa meM prakAzita kraaye| isa grantha kA nAma 'brAhmadharma' zatAbdI) dvArA racita brahmAstra kI eka ttiikaa| rakhA gyaa| isameM brAhma siddhAnta ke vIja yA cAra siddhAnta

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460 vacanoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isameM brahmapAsanA, sevA kA krama, upaniSadoM ke kucha uddharaNa aura kucha dhArmika pranthoM ke udaraNoM ke sAtha anta meM devendranAtha dvArA brAhA siddhAnta ko vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| brahmodana patakarma ke antargata vedasaMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNa granthoM ke pArAyaNa meM bhAga lenevAle purohitoM ke niveza ke lie ubAlA huA cAvala ( odana) brahmodana kahalAtA yA / isake pakAne kI vizeSa vidhi thI / brAhmaNa - brahma = veda kA pAThaka athavA brahma = paramAtmA kA jJAtA / Rgveda ko apekSA anya saMhitAoM meM yaha sAdhAraNa prayoga kA zabda ho gayA, jisakA artha purohita hai| Rgveda ke puruSasUkta (10.90) meM varNoM ke cAra vibhAjana ke sandarbha meM isakA jAti ke artha meM prayoga huA hai| vaidika granthoM meM yaha varSa atriyoM se U~cA mAnA gayA hai rAjasUya yajJa meM brAhmakSatriya ko kara detA thA, kintu isase zatapatha meM brAhmaNa kI zreSThatA nyUna nahIM hotI / isa bAta ko bAra-bAra kahA gayA hai ki kSatriya tathA brAhmaNa kI ekatA se hI sarvAGgINa unnati ho sakatI hai| yaha svIkAra kiyA gayA hai ki katipaya rAjanya evaM dhanasampanna loga brAhmaNa ko yadi kadAcit dabAne meM samartha hue haiM, to unakA sarvanAza bhI zIghra hI ghaTita havA hai| brAhmaNa pRthvI ke devatA ( bhUsura ) kahe gaye haiM, jaise ki svarga ke devatA hote haiM / aitareya brAhmaNa meM brAhmaNa ko dAna lene vAlA (AdAyI tathA soma pIne vAlA ( ApAyI ) kahA gayA haiM / usake do anya viruda 'AvasAyI' tathA 'yathAkAmaprayApya' kA artha aspaSTa hai / pahale kA artha saba sthAnoM meM rahane vAlA tathA dUsare kA Ananda se ghUmane vAlA ho sakatA hai ( ai0 7.29, 2) zatapatha brA0 meM brAhmaNa ke kartavyoM kI carcA karate hue usake adhikAra isa prakAra kahe gaye haiM: ( 1 ) arcA ( 2 ) dAna ( 3 ) ajeyatA tathA ( 4 ) avadhyatA / usake kartavya haiM : ( 5 ) brAhmaNya ( vaMza kI pavitratA ) (6) pratirUpacaryA kartavya pAlana ) tathA ( 7 ) lokapakti (loka ko prabuddha karanA) / brAhmaNa svayaM kI hI saMskRta karake vizrAma nahIM letA thA, apitu dUsaroM ko bhI apane guNoM kA dAna AcArya athavA purohita ke rUpa meM karatA thaa| AcAryapada se brahmodana brAhmaNa brAhmaNa kA apane putra ko adhyayana tathA yAjJika kriyAoM meM nipuNa karanA eka vizeSa kArya thA ( zata0 brA0 1,6, 2,4 ) / upaniSad granthoM meM AruNi evaM zvetaketu ( bR0 u0 6,1,1 ) tathA varuNa evaM bhRgu kA udAharaNa hai ( za0 0 11,6,1,1) / AcArya ke anekoM ziSya hote the tathA unheM vaha dhArmika tathA sAmAjika preraNA se par3hAne ko bAdhya hotA thA / use pratyeka jJAna apane chAtroM para prakaTa karanA par3atA thA / isI kAraNa kabhI kabhI chAtra AcArya ko apane meM parivartita kara dete the, arthAt AcArya ke samAna pada prApta kara lete the / adhyayanakAla tathA zikSaNapraNAlI kA sUtroM meM vivaraNa prApta hotA hai / karAtA thA / bhI ho saka 1 purohita ke rUpa meM brAhmaNa mahAyajJoM ko sAdhAraNa gRhyayajJa binA usako sahAyatA ke the, kintu mahatvapUrNa kriyAe~ (zrIta ) usake binA nahIM sampanna hotI thIM kriyAoM ke vidhivat kiye jAne para jo dhArmika lAbha hotA thA usameM dakSiNA ke atirikta purohita yajamAna kA sAjhedAra hotA thA / purohita kA sthAna sAdhAraNa dhArmika kI apekSA sAmAjika bhI hotA vA vaha rAjA ke anya vyaktigata kAryoM meM bhI usakA pratinidhi hotA thaa| rAjanIti meM usakA bar3A hAtha rahane lagA thA / smRtigranthoM meM brAhmaNoM ke mukhya chaH kartavya ( SaTkarma ) batAye gaye haiM-- paThana-pAThana, yajanayAjana aura dAnapratigraha | inameM paThana, yajana aura dAna sAmAnya tathA pAThana, yAjana tathA pratigraha vizeSa kartavya haiM / Apaddharma ke rUpa meM anya vyavasAya se bhI brAhmaNa nirvAha kara sakatA thA, kintu smRtiyoM ne bahuta se prativandha lagAkara loga aura hisAvAle kArya usake lie varjita kara rakhe haiM / brAhmaNoM kA vargIkaraNa isa samaya dezabheda ke anu sAra brAhmaNoM ke do bar3e vibhAga haiM : paJcagauDa aura paJcadakSiNa pazcima meM aphagAnistAna kA gora deza, paJjAba, jisameM kurukSetra sammilita hai, goMr3A-bastI janapada, prayAga ke dakSiNa va AsapAsa kA pradeza, pazcimI baMgAla, ye pA~coM pradeza kisI na kisI samaya para gaur3a kahe jAte rahe haiM / inhIM pA~coM pradezoM ke nAma para sambhavataH sAmUhika nAma 'paJca gaur3a' par3A Adi gaur3oM kA udgama kurukSetra hai /

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brAhmaNagrantha-brAhmapuruSa isa pradeza ke brAhmaNa vizeSata: gaur3a kahalAye / kazmIra ne arthavAda ke tIna bheda batalAye haiM : guNavAda, anuvAda aura paMjAba ke brAhmaNa sArasvata, kannauja ke Asa-pAsa aura bhUtArthavAda / brAhmaNoM ke upaniSad bhAga meM brahmatattva ke brAhmaNa kAnyakubja, mithilA ke brAhmaNa maithila tathA ke viSaya meM vicAra kiyA gayA hai / AkhyAna bhAga meM utkala ke brAhmaNa utkala khlaaye| prAcIna RSivaMzoM, AcAryavaMzoM aura rAjavaMzoM kI kathAe~ narmadA ke dakSiNastha Andhra, dravir3a, karnAkaTa, mahArASTra varNita haiN| aura garjara, inheM 'paJca draviDa' kahA gayA hai| vahA~ ke pratyeka vaidika sahitA ke pRthak-pRthak brAhmaNa grantha haiN| brAhmaNa inhIM pA~ca nAmoM se prasiddha hai / uparyukta dasoM ke Rgveda saMhitA ke do brAhmaNa haiM-aitareya aura kauSItaki, aneka antavibhAga haiM / ye sabhI yA to sthAnoM ke nAma se yajurvedasaMhitA ke bhI do brAhmaNa hai-kRSNa yajurveda kA prasiddha hae, yA vaMza ke kisI pUrvapuruSa ke nAma se prakhyAta; taittirIya brAhmaNa aura zukla yajurveda kA zatapathabrAhmaNa / athavA kisI vizeSa padavI, vidyA yA guNa ke kAraNa sAmaveda kI kauthamIya zAkhA ke brAhmaNa grantha cAlIsa nAmadhArI hae / bar3anagarA, vizanagarA, bhaTanAgara, nAgara, adhyAyoM meM vibhakta haiM, jo adhyAyasaMkhyAkrama se paJcaviMza mAthura, mUlagAMvakara ityAdi sthAnavAcaka nAma haiM, vaMza ke brAhmaNa ( tANDya brAhmaNa ), SaDviMzabrAhmaNa, adbhuta pUrva puruSa ke nAma, jaise--sAnyAla ( zANDilya ), brAhmaNa aura mantra brAhmaNa kahalAte haiN| sAmaveda kI nArada, vaziSTha, kauzika, bhAradvAja, kAzyapa, gobhila ye jaiminIya zAkhA ke do brAhmaNagrantha haiM : jaiminIya brAhmaNa nAma vaMza yA gotra ke sUcaka haiN| padavI ke nAma, jaise aura jaiminIya upaniSad brAhmaNa / inako kramazaH ArSeya cakravartI, vandyopAdhyAya, mukhyopAdhyAya, bhaTTa, phaDanavIsa, brAhmaNa aura chAndogya brAhmaNa bhI kahate haiM / sAmaveda kulakarNI, rAjabhaTTa, jozI ( jyotiSI), dezapANDe kI rANAyanIya zAkhA kA koI brAhmaNa upalabdha nahIM ityAdi / vidyA ke nAma, jaise caturvedI, trivedI, zAstrI, hai| atharvaveda kI nau zAkhAe~ haiM, kintu eka hI brAhmaNa pANDeya, paurANika, vyAsa, dvivedI ityAdi / karma yA guNa upalabdha hai-gopathabrAhmaNa / yaha mukhyataH dArzanika ke nAma, jaise dIkSita, sanADhaya, sukula, adhikArI, brAhmaNa hai| vAstavya, yAjaka, yAjJika, naigama, AcArya, bhaTTAcArya brAhmaNasarvasva-vaGgadeza ke dharmazAstrI halAyudha bhaTTa dvArA ityAdi / racita eka grantha / brAhmaNa (grantha)-brahma = yajJavidhi ke jJApaka grantha / vaidika brAhmaNaprApti-caitra zukla pratipadA se caturthI taka isa vrata sAhitya meM saMhitAoM ke pazcAt brAhmaNoM kA sthAna AtA hai| ye veda-sAhitya ke abhinna aGga mAne gaye hai| Apastamba ke anuSThAna kA vidhAna hai| isameM tithikrama se cAra deva; zrautasUtra, baudhAyanadharmasUtra, baudhAyanagRhyasUtra, kauzikasUtra indra, varuNa, bama tathA kubera kI gandha-akSatAdi se pUjA hotI hai, kyoMki ye cAroM bhagavAn vAsudeva ke hI cAra Adi meM brAhmaNoM ko veda kahA gayA hai / vedoM kA vaha bhAga jo vividha vaidika yajJoM ke lie vedamantroM ke prayoga rUpa haiM / isameM havana bhI vihita hai / jo vastra ina cAroM ke niyamoM, unakI utpatti, vivaraNa, vyAkhyA Adi karatA dina bhagavAn ko bheMTa kiye jAyeM ve kramazaH rakta, pIta, hai aura jisameM sthAna-sthAna para suvistRta dRSTAntoM ke rUpa kRSNa tathA zveta varNa ke hoN| eka varSa taka yaha vrata calatA meM paramparAgata kathAoM kA samAveza rahatA hai, 'brAhmaNa' hai| vratI isase pralayakAla taka svarga kA bhoga karatA hai / kahalAtA hai| inake viSaya ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA hemAdri, 2. 500-501 ke anusAra yaha caturmUrti vrata hai| sakatA hai : (1) vidhibhAga (2) arthavAdabhAga ( 3 ) brAhmaNyAvApti-jyeSTha pUrNamAsI ko sapatnIka brAhmaNa ko upaniSadbhAga aura (4) AkhyAnabhAga / bhojana karAkara vastrAdi pradAna kara gandhAkSatAdi se usakA vidhibhAga meM yajJoM ke vidhAna kA varNana hai| isameM pUjana-sammAna kiyA jAya / isase vratI sAta janmoM taka arthamImAMsA aura zabdoM kI niSpatti bhI batAyI gayI kevala brAhmaNa ke ghara meM hI janma letA hai| hai| arthavAda meM yajJoM ke mAhAtmya ko samajhAne ke lie brAhmapuruSa-jo loga asvAbhAvika mRtyu se marate haiM, vizeSa prarocanAtmaka viSayoM kA varNana hai| mImAMsAkAra jaimini kara jinakI hatyA hotI hai, unake pretAtmA badalA lene kI

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462 brAhmasamAja-brAhmIpratipadalAbhavata bhAvanA se tathA krodha se bhare rahate haiM / aise pretoM ke aneka itanA vistRta kara diyA hai ki usake sadasya musalamAna aura bheda hai, inameM eka jAti brAhmaNa pretoM kI hai jise IsAI bhI ho sakate haiM / pAdariyoM dvArA pracArita pAzcAtya brahmarAkSasa, brAhmadaitya, brAhmapuruSa tathA pracalita bhASA meM zikSA ke phala se hindU zikSita samAja jo apanI saMskRti 'brahma' kahate haiN| ye mAre gaye brAhmaNa hote haiN| dakSiNa aura AcAra-vicAra se vicalita ho rahA thA aura jo bhArata ko mAnyatAnusAra brAhmapuruSa kaMjUsa brAhmaNa zAyada kabhI-kabhI pathabhraSTa hokara apane purAtana kSetra se pretAtmA ko kahate haiM, jo apane dhana ko bar3hAne yA ekatra nikala kara videzI saMskRti ke kSetra meM bahaka jAtA thA, karane ke duHkha meM marA hotA hai / aisA daitya apane ghara meM usakI sAmayika rakSA kI gyii| aisA varga bahuta utsukatAhI cakkara lagAtA hai tathA usa vyakti para AkramaNa kara pUrvaka brAhmasamAja ke apane manonukUla dala meM sammilita detA hai jo usakA dhana kharca karatA hai, usake vastra pahanatA ho gayA / hai yA aisA kAma karatA hai jo use pasanda na ho| rAjA rAmamohana rAya ke bAda maharSi devendranAtha brAhmasamAja--navazikSita logoM kI eka dhArmika saMsthA / ThAkura brAhmasamAja ke netA hue |ye kucha adhika paramparAupaniSadoM meM jisakI carcA hai usI eka brahma (paramAtmA) vAdI the, isalie inake anuyAyI apane ko 'AdibrAhma' kI upAsanA ko apanA iSTa rakhakara rAjA rAmamohana rAya kahate the / kezavacandra sena ne inako adhika sudhAravAdI ne kalakattA meM brAhmasamAja kI sthApanA kii| isake antargata aura sarala banAkara 'nava brAhmasamAja' kA rUpa diyA / inake binA kisI nabI, paigambara, devadUta AcArya yA purohita ko samaya (saMvat 1895-1940) meM brAhmasamAja kA pracAra apanA madhyastha mAne, sIdhe akele Izvara kI upAsanA adhika vyApaka ho gyaa| deza meM prArthanAsamAja Adi hI manuSya kA kartavya mAnA gyaa| IsAI mahAtmA IsA ko aneka nAmoM se / isakI sthApanA huI aura bar3I saMkhyA meM aura musalamAna muhammada sAhaba ko madhyastha mAnate haiM aura hindU loga isake anuyAyI ho gye| brAhmasamAja kI yahI unake dharma kI nIMva hai| isa bAta meM brAhmasamAja sthApanA se rASTrarakSA ke eka mahAn uddezya kI pUrti huI, unase Age bar3ha gayA / punarjanma kA koI pramANa na hone se arthAt rAjA rAmamohana rAya kI dUradarzitA ne baMgAla meM janmAntara kA prazna hI na cher3A gyaa| paramAtmA kI hindUsamAja kI bahuta bar3I rakSA kI aura navazikSita prApti ke sivA koI paraloka nahIM mAnA gayA / nidAna, logoM ko vidharmI hone se usI prakAra bacA liyA, jisa 'musalamAna aura IsAiyoM se kahIM adhika sarala aura tarka- prakAra AryasamAja ne pazcimottara bhArata meM hinduoM ko saMgata yaha mata sthApita huaa| mandira, masjida, girajAghara bcaayaa| sabameM brahma hI sthita mAnA gayA / mUrtipUjA aura bahudeva brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta araba musalamAna jyotiSa vidyA ke pUjA kA niSedha huA / parantu sarvavyApaka brahma ko sabameM lie bahulAMza meM bhArata ke RNI hai / 771 I0 meM bhArata kA sthita jAnakara anya sabhI matoM ko sahana kiyA gayA / eka dUtamaNDala khalIphA ke Adeza se bagadAda pahu~cAyA gyaa| apane mantavyoM meM isa samAja ne varNAzrama vyavasthA, usake eka vidvAn sadasya ne araboM ko 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' chata-chAta, jAta-pAta, caukA Adi kucha na rkhaa| japa, unakI bhASA meM sikhaayaa| yaha grantha saMskRta meM san 618 tapa, homa, vrata, upavAsa Adi ke niyama nahIM mAne / I0 meM mahAn gaNitajyotirvid brahmagupta dvArA racA gayA zrAddha, pretakarma kA jhagar3A hI nahIM rakhA / upaniSadoM ko thaa| ise araba loga 'alasindahinda' kahate the| isI bhI AdhAragrantha kI taraha mAnA gayA; pramANa kI taraha ke AdhAra para ibrAhIma ibna habIba ala dujArI ne 'jija' nhiiN| sAtha hI saMsAra kI jo saba bAteM buddhigrAhya samajhI (jyotiSa sAraNI) ke siddhAnta nikAle / samakAlIna yAkUba gayIM, unako lene meM brAhmasamAja ko koI Apatti na ibna tArika ne bhI isI 'brAhmasphuTasiddhAnta' ke AdhAra thI / brAhmasamAja kurAna, ijIla, vedAdi sabhI dharmagranthoM para 'tarakIba ala aphalAka' kI racanA kii| ko samAna sammAna detA hai aura saMsAra ke sabhI acche brAhmIpratipablAbhavata-caitra zukla pratipadA ko isa vrata kA dharmazikSakoM kA samAna samAdara karatA hai| isa prakAra Arambha hotA hai / isameM upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| isa dina brAhmasamAja ne hindU saMskRti kI sImAbaddha maryAdA ko raMgIna cUrNa se aSTadala kamala banAkara usa para brahmA kI

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bha-bhaktalIlAmRta pratimA sthApita karake usakA pUjana karanA cAhie / prathama bhakata' loga yadA-kadA ziSyoM ke ghara jAte haiM tathA unase cAra daloM meM pUrva kI ora se Rgveda tathA anya veda; kucha dakSiNA yA daNDa vasUla karate haiN| yahI isa sampradAya dakSiNa-pUrva sthala se madhya bindu vAle cAra daloM para veda kI jIvikA hotI hai| (2) dusAdha nAmaka nimna zreNI ke aGga, dharmazAstra, purANa tathA nyAyavistara kI sthApanA kI jAti uttara pradeza tathA baMgAla meM pAyI jAtI hai / karanI caahie| pratimAsa kI prathama tithi ko varSa bhara ye loga rAhu kI pUjA karate haiM tathA barSa meM eka bAra rAhu uparyukta granthoM kI pUjA kI jAya / varSa ke anta meM gau kA kI prasannatA ke lie yajJa karate haiN| rAhapUjA bImAriyoM dAna vihita hai / isa AcaraNa se vratI parama vaidika vidvAn se mukti yA kisI manoratha kI siddhi ke lie kI jAtI ho jAtA hai, yadi yaha bAraha varSa taka AcaraNa kiyA jAya hai / isa yajJa ke purohita ko 'bhakata' kahate haiM, jo unakI to vratI brahmaloka kI prApti karatA hai| jAti kA hI hotA hai / use 'catiyA' bhI kahate haiN| bhakatasevA-asama pradeza ke vaiSNavoM meM mahAtmA haridAsa ko unake anuyAyI kRSNa kA avatAra mAnate haiM, kintu isake bha-vyaJjana vargoM ke paJcama varga kA caturtha akSara / kAmadhenu- sAtha hI ve anya mahAtmA zaMkaradeva ko bhI viSNu kA tantra meM isakA svarUpa nimnAMkita prakAra se batalAyA gayA hai : avatAra mAnate haiM / unameM 'bhakatasevA' kI prathA hai jisake bhakAraM zRNu cArvaGgi svayaM prmkunnddlii| anusAra brAhmaNa apane yajamAnoM athavA ziSyoM se saba mahAmokSapradaM varNa taruNAditya saMprabham / / prakAra kA dAna grahaNa karate haiN| paJcaprANamayaM varNa paJcadevamayaM sadA // bhaktamAla-viSNubhaktoM kA caritra varNana karane vAle tantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma pAye jAte haiM : bhASA granthoM meM bhaktamAla (vaiSNava bhaktoM kI mAlA) mahattvabhaH klinno bhramaro bhImo vizvamUtinizA bhavam / pUrNa prAmANika racanA hai / yaha sAmpradAyika grantha nahIM hai / dviraNDo bhUSaNo mUlaM yajJasUtrasya vAcakaH // cAroM sampradAyoM aura unakI zAkhAoM kI mahAn vibhUnakSatraM bhramaNA dIptirvayo bhUmiH payonabhaH / tiyoM ke jIvana kI jhAMkiyAM isameM udAratApUrvaka prastuta nAbhirbhadraM mahAbAhuvizvamUrtivitANDakaH // huI haiM / isake racayitA saMta nArAyaNadAsa upanAma nAbhAjI prANAtmA tApinI bacA vizvarUpI ca candrikA / svayaM rAmAnandI vaiSNava the / ye jayapura ke tIrthasthala bhImasenaH sudhAsenaH sukho mAyApuraM haraH // galatAjI ke mahAtmA kavi agradAsajI ke ziSya the aura bhakta-bhaktimArga ke siddhAntAnusAra bhakta use kahate haiN| unhIM kI AjJA se inhoMne isa grantha kI racanA kI thii| jisane Izvara ke bhajana meM apanA sampUrNa jIvana samarpita nAbhAjI usa samaya hue the, jaba tulasIdAsa jIvita the, kara diyA ho / sAdhAraNa AtmAoM ko cAra bhAgoM meM prAyaH 1585 tathA 1623 I0 ke madhya / vibhakta kiyA gayA hai : (1) baddha, jo isa jIvana kI sama- bhaktamAla vrajabhASA ke chappaya chandoM meM racita hai, syAoM se ba~dhA hai| (2) mumukSu, jisameM mukti kI cetanA kintu binA bhASya ke yaha samajhA nahIM jA sakatA / isa para jAgRta ho, kintu usake yogya abhI nahIM hai / (3) bhakta lagabhaga eka sau tilaka (TIkA) grantha haiN| inameM gauDIya athavA kevalI, jo mAtra Izvara kI hI upAsanA meM lIna saMta priyAdAsajI kI padya TIkA evaM ayodhyA ke mahAtmA ho, pavitra hRdaya kA ho aura jo bhakti guNa ke kAraNa rUpakalAjI kI TIkA prasiddha haiM / bhaktamAla meM do sau mukti ke mArga para cala rahA ho aura (4) mukta, jo bhaga- bhaktoM kA camatkArapUrNa jIvanacaritra 316 chappaya chandoM vat-pada ko prApta kara cukA ho / meM varNita hai / bhaktoM kA pUrA jIvanavRtta isameM nahIM diyA bhakata-(1) saMskRta zabda bhakta kA apabhraMza, jo azikSita gayA hai, kevala utanA hI aMza hai, jisase bhakti kI mahimA grAmINa janoM meM dhArmika upAsaka ke lie prayukta hotA hai| prakaTa ho / yathA asama pradeza ke gRhastha vaiSNavoM kA sambandha kisI na bhaktalIlAmRta-bhaktiviSayaka marAThI granthoM meM mahIpati kisI devasthAna se hotA hai, jisake gusAI unako dharma- dvArA praNIta granthoM kA bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / zikSA diyA karate haiM / ina gusAiyoM ko 'bhakata' kahate haiN| unake granthoM meM se 'bhaktalIlAmRta' kI racanA 1774 I0

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'*** meM huI, jo sabase adhika prasiddha hai yaha 'bhaktamAla' ke DhaMga kI hI racanA hai / bhaktavijaya - mahIpatiracita marAThI bhASA kA bhaktiviSayaka grantha / racanAkAla 1762 I0 hai / bhakti - bhakti zabda kI vyutpatti 'bhaj' dhAtu se huI hai, jisakA artha sevA karanA yA bhajanA hai, arthAt zraddhA aura premapUrvaka iSTadeva ke prati Asakti nAradabhaktisUtra meM bhakti ko parama premarUpa aura amRtasvarUpa kahA gayA hai; isako prApta kara manuSya kRtakRtya, saMtRpta aura amara ho jAtA hai / vyAsa ne pUjA meM anurAga ko bhakti kahA hai / garga ke anusAra kathA zravaNa meM anurakti hI bhakti hai / bhAratIya dhArmika sAhitya meM bhakti kA udaya vaidika kAla se hI dikhAI par3atA hai| devoM ke rUpadarzana, unakI stuti ke gAyana, unake sAhacarya ke lie utsukatA, unake prati samarpaNa Adi meM Ananda kA anubhava sabhI upAdAna vedoM meM yatra-tatra bikhare par3e haiN| Rgveda ke viSNusUkta aura varuNasUkta meM bhakti ke mUla tattva pracura mAtrA meM vidyamAna haiM / vaiSNavabhakti kI gaMgottarI viSNusUkta hI hai / brAhmaNa sAhitya meM karmakANDa ke prasAra ke kAraNa bhakti kA svara kucha manda par3a jAtA hai, kintu upaniSadoM meM upAsanA kI pradhAnatA se nirguNa bhakti aura kahIM-kahIM pratIkopAsanA punaH jAgRta ho uThatI hai / chAndogyopaniSad, zvetAzvataropaniSad, muNDakopaniSad Adi meM viSNu, ziva, rudra, acyuta, nArAyaNa, sUrya Adi kI bhakti aura upAsanA ke paryApta saMketa pAye jAte haiM / vaidika bhakti kI payasvinI mahAbhArata kAla taka AteAte vistRta hone lagI vaiSNava bhakti kI bhAgavatadhArA kA vikAsa isI kAla meM huA / yAdavoM kI sAtvata zAkhA meM pravRttipradhAna bhAgavatadharma kA utkarSa huA / sAtvatoM ne hI mathurA-vRndAvana se lekara madhya bhArata, rAjasthAna, gujarAta, mahArASTra, karNATaka hote hue tamila (vi) pradeza taka pravRttimUlaka, rAgAtmaka bhAgavata dharma kA pracAra kiyaa| abhI taka vaiSNava athavA zaiva bhakti ke upAsya devagaNa athavA paramezvara hI the mahAbhArata kAla meM vaiSNava bhAgavata dharma ko eka aitihAsika upAsya kA AdhAra kRSNa vAsudeva ke vyaktitva meM milA / kRSNa viSNu ke avatAra mAne gaye aura dhIre-dhIre brahma se unakA tAdAtmya ho gayA / isa prakAra nara deNArI viSNu kI bhakti janasAdhAraNa ke - bhaktavijaya bhakti lie sulabha ho gyii| isase pUrva yaha dharma aikAntika, nArANI, sAtvata Adi nAmoM se pukArA jAtA thA / kRSNavAsudeva bhakti ke udaya ke pazcAt yaha bhAgavata dharma kaha lAne lagA / bhAgavata dharma ke isa rUpa ke udaya kA kAla lagabhaga 1400 I0 pU0 hai / taba se lekara lagabhaga chaThIsAtavIM zatAbdI taka yaha avicchinna rUpa se calatA rhaa| bIca meM dIva-zAkta sampradAyoM tathA zAGkara vedAnta ke pracAra se bhAgavata dharma kA pracAra kucha manda par3a gayA / parantu pUrva-madhya yuga meM isakA punarutthAna huA / bhAgavata dharma kA navodita rUpa isakA pramANa hai| rAmAnuja, madhva Adi ne bhAgavata dharma ko aura pallavita kiyA aura Age calakara ekanAtha, rAmAnanda, caitanya, vallabhAcArya Adi ne bhaktimArga kA janasAmAnya taka vyApaka prasAra kiyaa| madhyayuga meM sabhI pradezoM ke santa aura bhakta kaviyoM ne bhakti ke sArvajanika pracAra meM prabhUta yoga diyA / madhyayuga meM bhAgavata bhakti ke cAra pramukha sampradAya pravatita hue (1) zrIsampradAya ( rAmAnujAcArya dvArA pracalita ) (2) brahmasampradAya ( madhvAcArya dvArA pracalita ) (3) rudrasampradAya (viSNu svAmI dvArA pracalita) aura (4) sanakA - disampradAya (nimbArkAcArya dvArA sthApita ) / ina sabhI sampradAyoM ne advaitavAda, mAyAvAda tathA karmasaMnyAsa kA khaNDana kara bhagavAn kI saguNa upAsanA kA pracAra kiyaa| yaha bhI dhyAna dene kI bAta hai ki isa rAgAtmikA bhakti ke pravartaka sabhI AcArya sudUra dakSiNa deza meM hI prakaTa hue madhyayugIna bhakti kI utpatti aura vikAsa kA iti hAsa bhAgavata purANa ke mAhAtmya meM isa prakAra diyA huA hai : utpannA draviDe sAhaM vRddhi karNATake gatA / kvacit kvacin mahArASTra gurjare jIrNatAM gatA // tatra dhorakaleryogAt pAkhaNDa khaNDitAGgakA / durbalAI ciraM jAtA putrAbhyAM saha manyatAm // vRndAvanaM punaH prApya navIneva surUpiNI / jAtAhaM yuvatI samyak preSTharUpA tu sAmpratam / / ( 1.48-50) [ maiM vahI ( jo mUlataH yAdavoM kI eka zAkhA ke vaMzaja sAtvatoM dvArA lAyI gayI thI) draviDa pradeza meM ( rAgAtmaka bhakti ke rUpa meM) utpanna huii| karnATaka meM bar3I huii|

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bhakti mArga-bhaktiratnAvalI mahArASTra meM kucha-kucha (poSaNa) huA / gujarAta meM bRddhA ho (7.5.23-24) meM navadhA bhakti kA varNana hai / uparyukta gayI / vahA~ ghora kalipuga (mleccha-AkramaNa) ke samparka se chaH meM tIna-zravaNa, dAsya aura sakhya aura jor3a diye gaye pAkhaNDoM dvArA khaNDita aGgavAlI meM durbala hokara bahuta hai| pAzcarAtra saMhitAoM ke anusAra sampUrNa bhAgavatadharma cAra dinoM taka putroM (jJAna-vairAgya) ke sAtha mandatA ko prApta ho khaNDoM meM vibhakta hai : (1) jJAnapAda ( darzana aura dhrmgyii| phira vRndAvana (kRSNa kI lIlAbhUmi) pahu~cakara vijJAna ) (2) yogapAda (yogasiddhAnta aura abhyAsa) samprati navInA, surUpiNI, yuvatI aura samyaka prakAra se (3) kriyApAda ( mandira nirmANa aura mUrtisthApanA) sundara ho gayI huuN| ] isameM sandeha nahIM ki madhyayugIna (4) caryApAda ( dhArmika kriyAe~ ) / rAgAtmikA bhakti kA udaya tamila pradeza meM huaa| parantu bhakti ke Upara vizAla sAhitya kA nirmANa huA hai| usake pUrNa saMskRta rUpa kA vikAsa bhAgavata dharma ke mUla isa para sabase prasiddha grantha hai zrImadbhAgavata purANa / sthala vRndAvana meM hI huA, jisako dakSiNa ke kaI santa isake atirikta mahAbhArata kA zAntiparva, bhagavadgItA, AcAryoM ne apanI upAsanAbhUmi banAyA / pAJcarAtrasaMhitA, sAtvatasaMhitA, zANDilyasUtra, nAradIya bhAgavata dharma ke mukhya siddhAnta isa prakAra haiM : sRSTi ke bhaktisUtra, nAradapaJcarAtra, harivaMza, padmasaMhitA, viSNutattva saMhitA; rAmAnujAcArya, madhvAcArya, nimbArkAcArya, utpAdaka eka mAtra bhagavAn haiN| inake aneka nAma haiM, vallabhAcArya Adi ke grantha draSTavya haiN| jinameM viSNu, nArAyaNa, vAsudeva, janArdana Adi mukhya haiN| ve apanI yogamAyA prakRti se samasta jagata kI utpatti bhaktimArga-saguNa-sAkAra rUpa meM bhagavAn kA bhajana-pUjana karate haiN| unhIM se brahmA, ziva Adi anya devatA prAdurbhuta krnaa| mokSa ke tIna sAdhana haiM; jJAnamArga, karmamArga hote haiM / jIvAtmA unhoM kA aMza hai, jisako bhagavAn kA aura bhaktimArga / ina mArgoM meM bhagavadgItA bhaktimArga ko sAyujya athavA tAdAtmya hone para pUrNatA prApta hotI hai| sarvottama kahatI hai / isakA sarala artha yaha hai ki sacce samaya-samaya para jaba saMsAra para saMkaTa AtA hai taba bhaga- hRdaya se saMpAdita bhagavAn kI bhakti punarjanma se usI vAn avatAra dhAraNa kara use dUra karate haiN| unake dasa prakAra mokSa dilAtI hai, jaise dArzanika jJAna evaM niSkAmapramukha avatAra hai jinameM rAma aura kRSNa pradhAna haiM / mahA- yoga dilAte hai| gItA ( 12.6-7 ) meM zrIkRSNa kA bhArata meM bhagavAn ke caturvyaha kI kalpanA kA vikAsa kathana hai : "mujha para Azrita hokara jo loga sampUrNa karmoM huA / vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna aura aniruddha cAra tattva ko mere aparNa karate hue mujha paramezvara ko hI ananya bhAva catuvyUha haiM, jinakI upAsanA bhakta kramazaH karatA hai / vaha ke sAtha dhyAnayoga se nirantara cintana karate hue bhajate haiM, aniruddha, pradyumna, saMkarSaNa aura vAsudeva meM kramazaH uttaro- mujhameM citta lagAne vAle aise bhaktoM kA maiM zIghra hI matya tara lIna hotA hai, parantu vAsudeva nahIM banatA; unhIM kA rUpa saMsAra-sAgara se uddhAra kara detA huuN|" aMza hone ke nAte unake sAyujya meM sukha mAnatA hai / bahuta se ananya premI bhaktimArgI zuSka mokSa cAhate hI niSkAma karma se citta kI zuddhi aura usase bhAva kI zuddhi nhiiN| ve bhakti karate rahane ko mokSa se bar3hakara mAnate haiN| hotI hai / bhakti hI eka mAtra mokSa kA sAdhana hai| bhaga- unake anusAra parama mokSa ke samAna parA bhakti svayaM phalavAn ke sammukha pUrNa prapatti hI mokSa hai / rUpA hai, vaha kisI dUsare phala kA sAdhana nahIM karatI hai| bhAgavata upAsanApaddhati kA prathama ullekha brahmasUtra bhaktiratnAkara-aThArahavIM zatI ke prArambha meM narahari cakra vartI ne caitanya sampradAya kA itihAsa likhA thA, jisakA ke zAGkara bhASya (2.42) meM pAyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra abhigamana, upAdAna, ijyA, svAdhyAya aura yoga se nAma bhaktiratnAkara hai| upAsanA karate hue bhakta bhagavAna ko prApta karatA hai| bhaktiranAmRtasindhu-caitanya sampradAya ke vikhyAta AcArya 'jJAnAmRtasAra' meM chaH prakAra kI bhakti batalAyI gayI hai- rUpa gosvAmA ( 16vIM zatA) dvArA rAcata isa grantha meM (1) smaraNa (2) kIrtana (3) vandana (4) pAdasevana (5) saMskRta bhASA meM bhagavAn kI stutiyoM kA saMgraha hai| arcana aura (6) Atmanivedana / bhAgavata purANa bhaktiratnAvalI-yaha mAdhva saMpradAya kA grantha hai / racanA

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466 bhaktiratnAjali-bhagavadgItA kAla 15vIM zatI hai| isake racayitA viSNupurI huA hai| Age calakara paramAtmA ke aizvarya artha meM mahAtmA haiN| isakA vilaya ho gayA aura paramAtmA ko 'bhagavAn' kahA bhaktiratnAJjali-dvaitAdvaita vaiSNava mata ke vidvAn lekhaka jAne lgaa| devAcArya dvArA racita yaha grantha nimbArkIya siddhAnta tathA bhagata-vanavAsI jAti meM ugra svabhAva ke devoM ko zAnta bhakti kA pratipAdana aura zAGkara mata kA khaNDana karane va pUjA karane kA kArya jo karatA hai, use bhagata karatA hai| (saM0-bhakta) kahate haiN| bhagatoM kI pratiSThA ke kAraNa hai bhaktirasAmRtasindhu-caitanya mahAprabhu ke ziSya rUpa gosvAmI samaya-samaya para inameM devI kA Aveza, usake prabhAva se dvArA racita 'bhaktirasAmRtasindhu' meM bhakti kI vyAkhyA, bar3abar3Ane tathA hilane, mu~ha se gAja nikAlane, kaccA utkRSTatA tathA vaiSNavamata kI sAdhanA kA sarvAMgINa vicAra mAMsa khAne tathA bhUta-bhaviSya kI bAtoM kA bakhAna karanA / kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha kI TIkA jIva gosvAmI ne gRhadevoM kI sthApanA, pArivArika tathA kauTumbika dhArmika likhI hai| rUpa aura jIva donoM mahAtmA cAcA-bhatIje, kRtyoM kA pratipAdana, phasala kI vRddhi karanA, bImAroM ko parama saMta aura ucca koTi ke granthakAra the| acchA karanA Adi bhagata ke kAma hai / bhaktirasAyana-(1) madhusUdana sarasvatI (advaita sampradAya bhagavat-isakA zAbdika artha hai 'bhaga (chaH prakAra ke aizvarya) ke diggaja vidvAn) dvArA likhita yaha grantha bhakti sambandhI se yukt'| yaha Izvara kA eka vizeSaNa hai| puruSavAcaka lakSaNagrantha hai| isase unakI bhagavadrasajJatA aura bhAvukatA artha meM yaha 'bhagavAn' bolA jAtA hai aura strIvAcaka kA paricaya milatA hai| artha meM bhagavatI (devii)| (2) kannar3a bhASA meM mahAtmA sahajAnanda dvArA bhagavatI-devI mAtra: 'bhagavAna' kI zakti athavA ptnii| bhaktirasAyana nAmaka grantha racA gayA hai, jo zaiva saMpradAya / umA kA eka nAma bhagavatI bhI hai| viSayaka hai| bhagavadgItA-mahAbhArata ke dArzanika aura paramocca jJAna bhaktivAda-mokSa ke tIna sAdhanoM (karma, jJAna tathA bhakti) sambandhI aMzoM meM sabase mahattvapUrNa tathA ati prasiddha bhagameM se yaha tIsarA sAdhana hai| yaha sabase sahaja sAdhana hai|| vadgItA hai| bhISmaparva meM yaha uddhRta hai| isake racanAde0 'bhktimaarg'| kAla ko lekara nava zikSAdhAriyoM meM bar3A matabheda hai| bhaktisAgara-mahAtmA caraNadAsajI dvArA racita eka isameM svayaM kahA gayA hai ki yaha kurukSetra meM mahAbhArata grantha / yuddhArambha ke ThIka pahale kRSNa aura arjuna ke bIca saMvAda bhaktisiddhAnta-jIva gosvAmI dvArA racita grantha / ke rUpa meM uccarita huI thii| yahI vizvAsa hinduoM meM bhaga-dvAdaza Aditya devatAoM meM se ek| isa zabda kA Aja taka pracalita hai| nyAyAdhIza tailaGga aura bhaNDArasAdhAraNa artha hai 'dene vAlA', 'bA~Tane vaalaa'| Rgveda meM kara ke vicAra se yaha IsA pU0 cauthI zatAbdI meM racI isa devatA kI vidhartA, vibhaktA, bhagavAn ityAdi upA gyii| kintu Adhunika vidvAn ise I0 kI prathama yA dhiyA~ pAyI jAtI haiM / vAstava meM yaha samRddhi aura aizvarya dUsarI zatAbdI ko racanA batAte haiM / gItA kA prAyaH sAta kA devatA hai| varuNa ke sAtha hI isakA ullekha pAyA sau zlokoM vAlA vartamAna AkAra sambhavataH pIche sthira jAtA hai / uSA bhaga kI bahina (bhaginI) hai, jo svayaM huA, kintu mUla upadeza rUpa meM yaha mahAbhAratajAgRti aura samRddhi kI devI hai| yAska (nirukta, kAlIna hI hai| gItA bhAratIya dharma para atula prabhAva 12.13) ke anusAra bhaga sUrya kA vaha rUpa hai jo pUrvAhna DAlane vAlA grantha hai| yahA~ aisI koI bhI racanA nahIM hai kI adhyakSatA karatA hai| prAcIna IrAnI bhASA meM bhaga jo hindUvicArakoM ke dvArA itanI prazaMsita ho jitanI (bagha) 'ahuramajda' kA eka vizeSaNa hai| slovAnika gItA hai| isakI aneka pAzcAtya vicArakoM tathA vidvAnoM (yUropIya Arya) bhASA meM Izvara kA eka nAma bhaga (bogu) ne bhI ucca prazaMsA kI hai| vizva kI sabhI bhASAoM meM hai| isa devatA kA vyaktitva spaSTa aura vikasita nahIM isake asaMkhya saMskaraNa anuvAda ke rUpa meM prakAzita haiN|

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bhagavaviSayam-bhajana 467 jo krAntikArI vicAra gItA upasthita karatI hai vaha bhAratIya aura katipaya videzI bhASAoM meM vizAla sAhitya yaha hai ki anya sampradAya kevala unhIM logoM ko mokSa kA kI racanA huI hai| AzvAsana dete haiM jo gRhasthI (sAMsArikatA) kA tyAga kara bhagavadaviSayama-yaha nambha AlavAra ke 'tiruvopamoli' nAmaka saMnyAsa grahaNa kara lete haiM, jaba ki gItA una sabhI strI grantha para kisI ajJAta lekhaka dvArA tamila bhASA meM racita puruSoM ko mokSa kA AzvAsana detI hai jo gRhastha haiM, eka bhASya hai| e. govindAcArya ne isake kucha aMzoM kA sAMsArika karmoM meM tallIna haiN| uparyukta vicAra ne hI isa aMgrejI anuvAda prastuta kiyA hai| grantha ko lokapriya banA diyA hai| yaha sAdhAraNa logoM bhagavadbhAvaka-chAndogya tathA kena upaniSadoM ke anekAkI upaniSad hai| neka TIkAkAroM meM se bhagavadbhAvaka bhI eka haiN| gItA meM mokSa ke tIna sAdhana kahe gaye haiN| pahalA bhAtina bhagatAnI-nAcane gAne vAlI eka jAti kI jJAna mArga, jo upaniSadoM meM, sAMkhya darzana meM tathA aura lar3akiyoM ko byaGgayAtmaka bhASA meM bhagatina yA bhagatAnI bhI spaSTa rUpa meM bauddha va jaina darzanoM meM carcita hai| (bhakta kI patnI) kahate haiN| isa jAti kI lar3akiyA~ isa dUsarA hai karma mArga / yaha hindU dharma kA sabase prAcIna rUpa peze meM praveza ke pUrva nAma mAtra ke lie kisI bUr3he saMnyAsI hai-apane kartavyoM kA pAlana, jise saMkSepa meM 'dharma' kahate se vivAha kara letI hai, jo apanI isa patnI ko sabhI haiM / Arambha meM aise dharmoM yA kartavyoM meM yajJoM kA mahattva prakAra ke sambandhoM kI chUTa dene ke lie Der3ha do rupayA dakSiNA thA, kintu jAti, avasthA, parivAra va sAmAjika kartavya prApta kara letA hai| kabhI-kabhI aise vara ke abhAva meM una bhI isameM sammilita the| gItA kA karmasiddhAnta, jise striyoM kA vivAha gaNeza yA kisI bhI devatA kI pratimA karmayoga kahate haiM, yaha hai ki dharmagranthoM meM varNita karma ke sAtha kara dete haiN| vivAha ke binA isa peze meM praveza kA pratipAdana kevala kSaNika sukha yA svarga hI dilA / karanA ve pApa samajhatI hai| sakatA hai, jabaki niSkAma bhAva se kiye jAne se yahI bhagavavArAdhana krama-AcArya rAmAnuja dvArA racita eka karmasampAdana mokSa dilA sakatA hai| tIsarA mArga bhakti grantha / mArga hai / sampUrNa cittavRtti se paramAtmA kA premapUrvaka bhagavAn-paramezvara kA eka guNavAcaka nAma / bhagavAn, bhajana-pUjana karanA mokSa kA sAjana hai| paramezvara, Izvara, nArAyaNa, rAma, kRSNa, ye sabhI paryAyayaha mahattvapUrNa hai ki gItA sabhI upAsakoM ko dharma vAcI zabda mAne jAte haiM, jo viSNu kI koTi ke haiM / zAstroM dvArA anumodita hindU dharma ke pAlana karane kA bhaga' (chaH vizeSatAoM) se yakta hone ke kAraNa paramezvara Adeza karatI hai; jAtidharma, parivAradharma, pitRpUjA ke ko bhagavAna kahate haiN| ve haiM jagat kA samasta aizvarya pAlana kA Adeza detI hai| gItA varNavyavasthA kI virodhI (sAmarthya), samasta dharma, samasta yaza, samasta zobhA, samasta nahIM, jaisI ki kucha logoM kI dhAraNA hai / kintu yaha guNa jJAna aura samasta vairAgya (nirguNa-nirlepa sthiti)| aura svabhAva ke AdhAra para usakA anumodana karatI hai| h| bhaGga-madakAraka paudhA, jisakI pattiyA~ pIsakara pI jAtI bhI isa prakAra gItA ne hindU dharma ke sabhI mahattvapUrNa siddhAntoM haiM / bhaGga kA ullekha atharvaveda (11.6,15) meM bhI huA kI paribhASA prastuta kI aura unakA pariSkAra kiyA hai| Rgveda (9.61, 13) meM bhaGga somalatA kA viruda hai; usake samaya taka jIvana meM jo antavirodha utpanna ho hai; sambhavataH apanI mAdakatA ke kAraNa / kucha vidvAn gaye the unakA parihAra karake samuccaya aura samanvaya kA bhaGga aura soma kA abheda mAnate haiN| mArga prazasta kiyA hai| bhajana-isakA zAbdika artha hai 'Izvara kI upAsanA karanA gItA para madhya kAla ke prAyaH sabhI AcAryoM ne bhASya yA usako prApta honaa|' pracalita prakAra ke dhArmika gItoM aura TIkAe~ likhI haiN| inameM 'zAGkarabhASya, rAmAnuja- ke lie kIrtana tathA bhajana nAma AtA hai| 'bhajana' kIrtana bhASya, madhusUdanI TIkA, lokamAnya tilaka kA gItA- tathA kathana se rUpa tathA praNAlI meM bhinna, laya, rAga rahasya, jJAnezvarI Adi bahuta prasiddha hai| gItA ke Upara evaM tukabanda hote hai| ye bhaktiviSayaka kisI viSaya se

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468 bhaTTa (kumArila)-bhadrakAlIna saMbandhita rahate haiN| uttara bhArata meM sUra, tulasI, kabIra vyApAra hai| inake atirikta unhoMne 'tattvakaustubha' aura tathA morA ke bhajana adhika pracalita haiN| 'vedAntatattvaviveka TIkAvivaraNa' nAmaka do vedAnta bhaTTa (kumArila)-de0 'kumArila' / grantha bhI race the| inameM se kevala tattvakaustubha prakAzita bhaTTa (dinakara)-karmamImAMsA ke 17vIM zatAbdI meM utpanna huA hai| isameM dvaitavAda kA khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| kahA eka AcArya / inhoMne pArthasArayi mizra kI zAstradIpikA jAtA hai ki zeSa kRSNa dIkSita se adhyayana ke nAte mAnasapara 'bhAdra dinakara' nAmaka bhASya racA hai| kAra tulasIdAsajI inake gurubhAI the| bhaTToji zuSka bhaTa (nIlakaNTha)-(1) 15vIM yA 16vIM zatAbdI meM vaiyAkaraNa ke sAtha hI sarasa bhagavadbhakta bhI the / vyAkaraNa utpanna, zAkta mata ke AcArya / inhoMne 'devI bhAgavata ke sahasroM udAharaNa inhoMne rAma-kRSNacaritra se hI nirmita upapurANa' ke Upara tilaka nAmaka vyAkhyA racI hai / (2) kiye haiN| 'mayUkha' nAmaka dharmazAstra nibandha ke prasiddha rcyitaa| bhadra Agama--yaha eka zaiva Agama hai / de0 'nIlakaNTha bhaTTa' / bhadrakAlo-kAlI ke saumya yA vatsala rUpa ko rAkhyA yA bhaTTa (bhAskara mizra)-smArta sAhitya ke nipuNa lekhaka ___bhadrakAlI kahate haiM, jo pratyeka baMgAlI gA~va kI rakSikA bhaTTa bhAskara mizra ke kRSNa yajurvedIya taittirIya saMhitA, hotI hai / mahAmArI Arambha hone para isake sammukha prArthanA AraNyaka evaM upaniSadoM para race gaye bhASya vaidika sAhitya va yajJa kiye jAte haiM / kAlI ko udAra rUpa meM sabhI jIvoM ke mahattvapUrNa aMga haiN| bhaTTajI telugu pradeza ke rahane vAle kI mAtA, anna dene vAlI, manuSya va jantuoM meM utpAdana the tathA taittirIya saMhinA kI Atreya zAkhA ke anuyAyI zakti utpanna karane vAlI mAnate haiM / isakI pUjA phala-phUla, the| isa saMhitA kA bhASya inhoMne 1188 I0 meM dugdha, pRthvI se utpanna hone vAle padArthoM se hI kI jAtI racA thaa| hai / isakI pUjA meM pazubali niSiddha hai| bhaTTojidIkSita-caturmukhI pratibhAzAlI suprasiddha vaiyAkaraNa / bhadrakAlInavamI-caitra zukla navamI ko isa vrata kA anuinakI racI huI siddhAntakaumudI, prauDhamanoramA, zabda- __SThAna hotA hai / isameM upavAsa tathA puSpAdika se bhadrakAlI kaustubha Adi kRtiyA~ digantavyApinI kItikaumudI kA devI kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| vikalpa se samasta mAsoM kI vistAra karane vAlI haiN| vedAnta zAstra meM ye AcArya navamiyoM ko bhadrakAlI devI kI pUjA honI caahie| de0 appaya dIkSita ke ziSya the| inake vyAkaraNa ke guru nIlamatapurANa, 63, zloka 762-63 / 'prakriyAprakAzakAra zeSa kRSNa dIkSita the / bhaTrojidIkSita bhadrakAlIpUjA-rAjA-mahArAjAoM ke zAntika-pauSTika karmoM kI pratibhA asAdhAraNa thii| inhoMne vedAnta ke sAtha hI ke lie 'rAjanItiprakAza' meM isa pUjA ke lie anurodha dharmazAstra, nItizAstra, upAsanA Adi para bhI marmasparzI kiyA gayA hai| isakA vidhAna ThIka usI prakAra hai jaisA grantha racanA kI hai| eka bAra zAstrArtha ke samaya unhoMne bhadrakAlIvrata meM kahA gayA hai| paNDitarAja jagannAtha ko mleccha kaha diyA thaa| isase bhadrakAlI vrata-(1) kArtika zukla navamI ko isa vrata kA paNDitarAja kA inake prati sthAyI vaimanasya ho gayA aura Arambha hotA hai| usa dina upavAsa rakhA jAtA hai| unhoMne 'manoramA' kA khaNDana karane ke lie 'manoramA- isakI bhadrakAlI (athavA bhavAnI) devI haiN| eka varSa taka kucamardinI' nAmaka TIkAgrantha kI racanA kii| paNDita- prati mAsa kI navamI ko devIjI kA pUjana hotA hai / rAja unake guruputra zeSa vIrezvara dIkSita ke putra the| varSa ke anta meM kisI brAhmaNa ko do vastra dAna meM diye bhaTTojidIkSita ke race hue granthoM meM vaiyAkaraNasiddhAnta- jAte haiM / isake AcaraNa se samasta kAmanAoM kI siddhi kaumudI aura prauDhamanoramA ati prasiddha haiM / siddhAntakaumudI hotI hai| jaise rogoM se mukti, putralAbha tathA yaza kI pANinIya sUtroM kI vRtti hai aura manoramA usakI vyaakhyaa| upalabdhi / tIsare grantha zabdakaustubha meM inhoMne pAtaJjala mahAbhASya (2) Azvina zukla navamI ko prAsAda kI kisI ke viSayoM kA yuktipUrvaka samarthana kiyA hai| cauthA grantha prAcIra (bAharI dIvAra) athavA kisI vastra ke Tukar3e para vaiyAkaraNabhUSaNa hai| isakA pratipAdya viSaya bhI zabda- bhadrakAlI kI mUrti banAkara AyudhoM (DhAla, talavAra Adi) ,

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bhadravidhi-bharata 469 sahita devI kA upavAsapUrvaka pUjana hotA hai| isa vrata se manuSya samRddhi tathA saphalatAe~ prApta karatA hai| bhadranArAyaNa-gobhilagRhyasUtra (sAmavedIya) ke eka vRttikaar| bhadravidhi-bhAdra zukla SaSThI ko par3ane vAlA ravivAra bhadra kahalAtA hai| usa dina vratI ko 'naktavidhi' se AhAra karanA cAhie athavA upavAsa rakhanA cAhie / mAlatI ke phUla, candana, vijaya dhUpa tathA pAyasa ko (naivedya ke rUpa meM) madhyAhna kAla meM sUrya kI pUjA meM arpaNa karanA caahie| yaha vAravrata hai| vratoparAnta brAhmaNa ko dakSiNA denI cAhie / isa vrata se vratI sUryaloka ko prApta karatA hai| bhadrA-sAta karaNoM meM eka karaNa / prati dina ke paJcAGga kA eka avayava karaNa hai, jo tithi kA AdhA bhAga hotA hai / bhadrA ko viSTi bhI kahate haiM / bhadrA nAma ke viparIta isameM zubha karma varjita hai| vibhinna rAziyoM ke anusAra yaha tInoM lokoM meM vicaraNa karatI hai aura 'mRtyuloke yadA bhadrA sarvakAryavinAzinI' hotI hai| bhadrAcala-mahArASTra pradeza meM godAvarI ke taTa para sthita suramya tiirthsthaan| yahA~ bhagavAn zrI rAma kA prAcIna maMdira hai| isakI yahA~ bahuta pratiSThA hai| kahA jAtA hai, ise samartha guru rAmadAsa ne sthApita kiyA thaa| bhadrAvidhi-kArtika zukla tRtIyA ke dina vratI ko cAhie ki gomUtra tathA yAvaka (jau se banAyI huI lapasI) kA sevana karane ke bAda naktavidhi se AhAra kre| prati mAsa ke krama se isa vrata ko varSa bhara calAnA caahie| varSa ke anta meM gau kA dAna vihita hai| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se eka kalpa taka gaurIloka meM vAsa hotA hai| bhavAsaptamI-zukla pakSa kI saptamI ko hasta nakSatra ho to vaha tithi bhadrA kahalAtI hai| yaha tithivrata hai| isake sUrya devatA haiM / vratecchu vyakti ko caturthI tithi se kramazaH ekabhakta, nakta, ayAcita tathA upavAsa kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / phira sUryapratimA ko ghRta, dugdha tathA ganne ke rasa se snAna karAkara SoDazopacAra pUjana karake pratimA ke samIpa amUlya ratna vibhinna dizAoM meM rakha dene caahie| vratI isa vrata ke AcaraNa se sUryaloka aura anta meM brahmaloka meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| bharata-(1) abhijAta kSatriya varga kA eka vedakAlIna kbiilaa| Rgveda tathA anya paravartI vaidika sAhitya meM bharata eka mahattvapUrNa kula kA nAma hai / Rgveda ke tIsare aura sAtaveM maNDala meM ye sudAsa evaM tritsu ke sAtha tathA chaThe maNDala meM divodAsa ke sAtha ullikhita haiN| isase lagatA hai ki ye tInoM rAjA bharatavaMzI the| paravartI sAhitya meM bharata loga aura prasiddha haiN| zata0 brA0 (13.5.4) azvamedha yajJakartA ke rUpa meM bharata dauSyanti kA varNana karatA hai / eka anya bharata zatAnIka sAmAjita kA ullekha milatA hai, jisane azvamedha yajJa kiyaa| aita0 brA0 (8.23,21) bharata dauSyanti ko dIrghatamA mAmateya evaM zatAnIka ko somazuSmA vAjapyAyana dvArA abhiSikta kiyA gayA varNana karatA hai| bharatoM kI bhaugolika sImA kA patA unakI kAzI vijaya tathA yamunA aura gaGgA taTa para yajJa karane se calatA hai / mahAbhArata meM kuruoM ko bharatakula kA kahA gayA hai| isase jJAta hotA hai ki brAhmaNakAla meM bharata loga kuru-paJcAla jAti meM mila gaye the| bharatoM kI yAjJika kriyAoM kA paJcaviMza brA0 (14.3, 13; 15.5,24) meM bAra-bAra ullekha AtA hai| Rgveda (2.7.1,5; 4.25.4,5.16,19; tai0 saM0 2.5,9,1; zata0 brA0 1.4,2,2) meM bhArata agni kA ullekha AyA hai| raoNtha mahAzaya isa agni se bharatoM ke yoddhA rUpa kI abhivyakti mAnate haiM, jo sambhava nhiiN| RcAoM (R0 1.22,10; 1.42,9; 1.88,8; 2.1,11; 3,8; 3.4,8 Adi) meM bhAratI devI kA ullekha hai jo bharatoM kI daivI rakSikA zakti hai| usakA sarasvatI se sambandha bharatoM ko sarasvatI se sambandhita karatA hai| isa mahAdvIpa kA bharatakhaNDa tathA deza kA bhAratavarSa nAmakaraNa bharata jAti ke nAma para hI haA hai / RSabhadeva ke putra bharata athavA dauSyanti bharata ke nAma para deza kA nAma bhArata hone kI paramparA paravartI hai| (2) ayodhyA ke rAjA dazaratha ke cAra putroM meM dvitIya bharata kaikeyI se utpanna hue the| rAma ke vana jAne para ye unako vApasa lAne ke lie citrakUTa gaye the| unake vApasa na Ane para unakI khar3AU~ rAjasiMhAsana para rakhakara unakI ora se ye rAjya kA zAsana karate rhe| caudaha varSa kA vanavAsa samApta hone para jaba rAma ayodhyA vApasa Aye taba bharata ne unako rAjya samarpita kara diyaa| (3) gAndharva veda ke cAra prasiddha pravartakoM meM se ekaH nATya upaveda ke AcArya, inakA 'bharatanATyazAstra' saMgIta

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470 bharata svAmI-bhata mitra kAvyakalA kA maulika grantha hai| saMskRta ke sabhI nATaka- bhartRprAptivata-nAradajI ne isa vrata kI mahimA una apsakAra bharata muni ke anuzAsana para calate aura isase 'naTa' rAoM ko sunAyI thI, jo bhagavAn nArAyaNa ko pati rUpa meM bhI bharata kahe jAte haiM / pAnA cAhatI thiiN| vasanta zukla dvAdazI ko isakA bharata svAmI-sAyaNa ne apane RgvedabhASya meM bhaTTabhAskara anuSThAna hotA hai / isa dina upavAsa rakhakara hari tathA mizra evaM bharata svAmI nAmaka do vedabhASyakAroM kA lakSmI kA pUjana karanA caahie| donoM kI cA~dI kI ullekha kiyA hai / sAmasaMhitA ke bhASyakAroM meM bhI bharata / pratimAe~ banavAkara tathA kAmadeva kA aGganyAsa vibhinna svAmI kA nAmollekha huA hai| nAmoM se mUrti ke bhinna bhinna avayavoM meM karanA caahie| dvitIya divasa kisI brAhmaNa ko mUrtiyoM kA dAna kara bharatharIvairAgya-satrahavIM zatAbdI meM svAmI haridAsa denA caahie| vikhyAta mahAtmA hae haiN| inake race grantha 'sAdhAraNa bhanAtha nAtha sampradAya ke prasiddha nava nAthoM meM se siddhAnta', 'rasa ke pada', 'bharatharIvairAgya' kahe jAte haiN| inakA upAsanAtmaka mata caitanya mahAprabhu ke mata se milatA eka / guru gorakhanAtha, matsyendranAtha, bhartRnAtha, gopIcandra julatA hai| ye sabhI aba taka jIvita aura amara mAne jAte haiM / kahate haiM ki kabhI-kabhI sAdhakoM ko inake darzana ho jAyA bharadvAja-RgvedIya mantroM kI zAbdika racanA jina RSi karate haiN| parivAroM dvArA huI hai unameM sAta atyadhika prasiddha haiN| bharadvAja RSi unameM anyatama hai| ye chaThe maNDala ke bhata prapaJca-vedAnta ke eka bhedAbhedavAdI prAcIna vyARSirUpa meM vikhyAta hai ( AzvalA0 gR0 sU0 3.4,2; khyAtA / inhoMne kaTha aura bRhadAraNyaka upaniSadoM para bhI zAMkhA0 gR0 sU0 4.12; bRhaddevatA 5.102, jahA~ inheM bhASya racanA kI thii| bhartaprapaJca kA siddhAnta jJAna-karmabRhaspati kA pautra kahA gayA hai) / paJca0 brA0 ( 15. samuccayavAda thaa| dArzanika dRSTi se inakA mata dvaitA dvata, bhedAbheda, anekAnta Adi aneka nAmoM se prasiddha thaa| 3-7 ) meM inheM divodAsa kA purohita kahA gayA hai| divodAsa ke sAtha inakA sambandha kAThaka saM0 ( 2.10) isake anusAra paramArtha eka bhI hai aura nAnA bhI; vaha se bhI prakaTa hotA hai jahA~ inheM pratardana ko rAjya dene brahmarUpa meM eka hai aura jagadrUpa meM nAnA hai| isI lie vAlA kahA gayA hai / RSi tathA mantrakAra ke rUpa meM isa mata meM ekAntataH karma athavA jJAna ko svIkAra na kara donoM kI sArthakatA mAnI gayI hai| bhartaprapaJca pramANabharadvAja kA ullekha anya saMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM samuccaya vAdI the| inake mata meM laukika pramANa aura prAyaH huA hai / rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata meM bhI bhAradvAja ( gotraja ) RSi kA ullekha mahAn cintaka aura jJAnI veda donoM hI satya haiM / isalie unhoMne laukika pramANake rUpa meM huA hai| gamya bheda ko aura vedagamya abheda ko satya rUpa meM mAnA hai| isI kAraNa inake mata meM jaise kevala karma mokSa kA bharukaccha--pazcima samudra kA taTavartI prAcIna aura prasiddha sAdhana nahIM ho sakatA, vaise hI kevala jJAna bhI mokSa kA tIrtha / isakA zuddha nAma bhRgukaccha hai / sUrara aura bar3odA sAdhana nahIM ho sakatA / mokSa prApti ke lie jJAna-karmake madhya narmadA ke uttara taTa para yaha sthAna hai / yahA~ samuccaya hI prakRSTa sAdhana hai / maharSi bhRgu ne gAyatrI kA purazcaraNa aura aneka tapasyAe~ kI bhartamitra-jayanta kRta 'nyAyamaJjarI' (10 212,226 ) thIM / garuDa ne bhI yahA~ tapasyA kI thii| prAcIna kAla meM tathA yAmunAcArya ke 'siddhitraya' (pR0 4-5 ) meM inakA yaha prasiddha baMdaragAha thaa| nAmollekha huA hai| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ye bhartadvAdazIvrata-caitra zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anu- bhI vedAntI AcArya rahe hoNge| bhartRmizra ne mImAMsA SThAna hotA hai / ekAdazI ko upavAsa kara dvAdazI ko para bhI grantha racanA kI thii| kumArila ne zlokavArtika viSNu bhagavAn kI pUjA karanI cAhie / prati mAsa viSNu meM ( 1.1.1.10; 1.1.6.130-131 ) inakA ullekha ke bAraha nAmoM se kezava se dAmodara taka eka eka lenA kiyA hai| pArthasArathi mizra ne nyAyaratnAkara meM aisA hI cAhie / yaha vrata eka varSaparyanta calatA hai| Azaya prakaTa kiyA hai| kumArila kahate haiM ki bhartamitra

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bhartR yajJa-bhaviSyapurANa 471 prabhati AcAryoM ke apasiddhAntoM ke prabhAva se mImAMsA ve eka nAma 'mahAdeva' meM AtmasAta ho gaye / yathA-bhava zAstra lokAyatavata ho gyaa| viziSTAdvaitavAdI granthoM meM tathA zarva agni ke bhayAnaka rUpa ko ( yajJa vAle kSemakArI ullikhita bhartamitra aura zlokavAtikokta mImAMsaka bhartR- rUpa ko nahIM ) kahate the, jo bAda meM rudra ke guNa mAne mitra eka hI vyakti the yA bhinna, isakA nirNaya karanA jAkara unake hI paryAya bana gye| kaThina hai / parantu kumArila kI ukti se mAlUma hotA hai bhavadeva mizra-pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke anta athavA solahavIM ki ye do pRthak vyakti the / mukula bhaTTa ne 'abhidhAvRtti- ke Arambha meM vedAntAcArya bhavadeva mizra hue the / inhoMne mAtRkA' meM bhI bhartamitra kA nAma nirdeza kiyA hai vedAntasUtra para eka TIkA nirmita kI, jisakA nAma (pR0 17) / vedAntasUtracandrikA hai| bhartRyajJa-kAtyAyanasUtra ke aneka bhASyakAra tathA vRttikAra bhavAnI ( bhuiyana)-bhava (ziva) kI patnI devI, umA, hue haiN| unameM se bhartayajJa bhI eka hai| gaurI athavA durgA ke hI paryAya bhavAnI tathA bhuiyana haiN| bhartRhari-bhartRhari kA nAma bhI yAmunAcArya ke grantha meM bhavAnIyAtrA-caitra zukla aSTamI ko yaha yAtrA kI jAtI ullikhita haA hai / inako vAkyapadIyakAra se abhinna hai| isameM bhavAnI kI 108 pradakSiNAe~ tathA jAgaraNa mAnane meM koI anupapatti nahIM pratIta hotI / parantu inakA karanA cAhie / dUsare dina bhavAnI kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| koI anya grantha abhItaka upalabdha nahIM huA hai / vAkya- bhavAnIvrata-(1) tRtIyA ke dina vratI ko pArvatIjI kI padIya vyAkaraNa viSayaka grantha hone para bhI prasiddha dArza- pratimA para gandha, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa Adi car3hAne cAhie / nika grantha hai| advaita siddhAnta hI isakA upajIvya hai, eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| varSa ke anta isameM sandeha nahIM hai / kisI-kisI AcArya kA mata hai ki meM gau kA dAna vihita hai (pdmpuraann)| bhartRhari ke 'zabdabrahmavAda' kA hI avalambana karake (2) yadi koI strI yA puruSa varSa bhara pUrNamAsI tathA AcArya maNDanamizra ne brahmasiddhi nAmaka grantha kA nirmANa amAvasyA ke dina upavAsa rakhakara varSa ke anta meM sugakiyA thaa| isa para vAcaspati mizra kI brahmatattvasamIkSA ndhita padArthoM sahita pArvatIjI kI pratimA kA dAna karatA nAmaka TIkA hai| utpalAcArya ke guru, kazmIrIya zivA- hai to vaha bhavAnI ke loka ko prApta karatA hai| (liGgadvaita ke pradhAna AcArya somAnandapAda ne svaracita 'ziva- puraann)| dRSTi' grantha meM bhartRhari ke zabdAdvaitavAda ko vizeSa rUpa (3) pArvatIjI ke mandira meM tRtIyA ko nakta paddhati se samAlocanA kI hai| zAntarakSita kRta tattvasaMgraha, se AhArAdi karanA caahie| eka varSa ke anta meM gau avimuktAtmA kRta iSTasiddhi tathA jayanta kRta nyAyamaJjarI kA dAna vihita hai / (matsyapurANa) meM bhI zabdAdvaitavAda kA ullekha milatA hai| utpala bhaviSyapurANa-aThAraha purANoM meM se eka zaiva purANa / tathA somAnanda ke vacanoM se jJAta hotA hai ki bhartRhari isakA yaha nAma isalie par3A ki isameM bhaviSya meM hone tathA tadanusArI zabdabrahmavAdI dArzanika gaNa 'pazyantI' vAlI ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai| isameM musalamAnoM, agrejoM vAk ko hI zabdabrahmarUpa mAnate the| yaha bhI pratIta hotA aura maunoM (maMgola Adi jAtiyoM) ke AkramaNoM kA bhI hai ki isa mata meM pazyantI parA vArUpa meM vyavahRta hotI varNana pAyA jAtA hai| isameM itanI Adhunika ghaTanAoM ke thI / yaha vAk vizva jagat kI niyAmaka tathA antaryAmI varNana bAda meM aise jor3a diye gaye ki isa purANa kA santulana cit-tattva se abhinna hai| hI zithila ho gyaa| nAradapurANa ke anusAra isake pA~ca bhava-zatapatha brAhmaNa ke kathanAnusAra agni ko prAcya parva haiM-(1) brAhmaparva -(2) viSNuparva (3) zivaparva loga zarva tathA vAhIka loga bhava kahate the / kintu atharva- (4) sUryaparva aura (5) pratisarga parva / isameM zlokoM kI veda meM bhava tathA zarva rudra ke samakakSa devatA haiM, jabaki saMkhyA caudaha hajAra hai / matsyapurANa ke anusAra zlokoM vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke anusAra bhava tathA zarva rudra ke kI saMkhyA sAr3he caudaha hajAra hai / kucha asaMgatiyoM ke hote paryAya hai / rudra tathA ziva ke aneka paryAya tathA viruda hue bho bhaviSyapurANa aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa pahale alaga-alaga deboM ke nAma the, kintu kAlAntara meM hai| isameM maga brAhmaNoM ke zakadvIpa se Ane kA varNana

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472 bhasmajAbAlaupaniSad-bhAgavatapurANa pAyA jAtA hai / bhagavAn kRSNa ke putra sAmba ko kuSTha roga bhAgavatatAtparyanirNaya-bhAgavatapurANa ke vyAkhyArUpa meM ho gayA thaa| unakI cikitsA karane ke lie garuDa madhvAcArya dvArA racita eka grantha / yaha mAdhvamata (dvaitavAda) zakadvIpa se maga brAhmaNoM ko yahA~ lAye, jinhoMne sUrya kA pratipAdana karatA hai| mandira meM sUrya kI upAsanA karake unakA kuSTha roga bhAgavatadevAlaya-bhAgavata sampradAya ke mandiroM ko devAlaya acchA kara diyaa| sUryopAsanA kA vizeSa varNana isa kahate haiM, jinameM kRSNa yA viSNu ke anya avatAroM kI purANa meM pAyA jAtA hai| kali meM sthApita aneka rAja mUrtiyA~ sthApita hotI haiN| vaMzoM kA itihAsa bhaviSya purANa meM varNita hai| isameM bhAgavatadharma-de0 'bhakti' aura 'bhAgavata' / udbhijja vidyA kA bhI vRttAnta hai jo Adhunika vijJAna kI bhAgavata purANa-yaha pA~cavA~ mahApurANa hai / isa purANa kA dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| pUrNa nAma zrImadbhAgavata mahApurANa hai| isameM bAraha skandha, bhasmajAbAla upaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad / 335 adhyAya aura kula milAkara 18,000 zloka hai / bhAI guradAsa kI vAra-solahavIM zatI ke anta meM bhAI zrImadbhAgavata kA pratispardhI devIbhAgavata nAma kA purANa hai| gurudAsa hue the / ye cauthe, pA~caveM tathA chaThe sikkha guruoM isameM bhI 18,000 zloka evaM dvAdaza skandha hai| zAkta ke samakAlIna the / inhoMne sikkhadharma ko lekara eka kAvya / isI ko mahApurANa mAnate haiN| donoM ke nAma meM bhI zrImat grantha racA, jisakA nAma 'bhAI gurudAsa ko vAra' hai| aura devI kA antara hai / zrImAn viSNu kI upAdhi hai, isakA AMzika aMgrejI anuvAda, maikolipha mahodaya ne| isalie zrImadbhAgavata kA artha hai vaiSNava bhAgavata / nArada kiyA hai| tathA brahma purANa meM bhAgavata ke jitane lakSaNoM kA nirdeza bhAI maNisiMha-sikkhoM ke antima guru govindasiMha ko hai ve zrIdbhAgavata meM pAye jAte haiN| nAradapurANa meM AsthA hindU dharma ke ojasvI kRtyoM kI ora adhika thii| zrImadbhAgavata kI saMkSipta viSayasUcI tathA padmapurANa meM khAlasA pantha kI sthApanA ke pUrva unhoMne durgAjI kI mahAtmya kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ina donoM ke anusAra ArAdhanA kI thii| isa samaya unhoMne mArkaNDeya purANa meM zrImadbhAgavata hI mahApurANa siddha hotA hai| uddhata durgAstuti kA anuvAda apane darabArI kaviyoM se matsyapurANa ke matAnusAra bhI yahI mahApurANa ThaharatA kraayaa| khAlasA sainikoM ke utsAhavarddhanArtha ve isa racanA hai / parantu matsyapurANa meM kathita eka lakSaNa zrImadbhAgavata tathA anya hindU kathAnakoM kA prayoga karate the| unhoMne meM nahIM miltaa| usameM likhA hai ki zAradvata kalpa meM jo aura bhI kucha grantha taiyAra karAye, jinameM hindI grantha manuSya aura devatA hue unhIM kA vistRta vRttAnta bhAgavata adhika the, kucha phArasI meM bhI the / gurujI ke dehatyAga ke meM kahA gayA hai| kintu pracalita zrImadbhAgavata meM zAradvata bAda bhAI maNisiMha ne unake kaviyoM aura lekhakoM ke dvArA kalpa kA prasaGga nahIM hai| kintu usI ke jor3a meM pAdma kalpa anuvAdita tathA racita granthoM ko eka jilda meM prastuta ko kathA vaNita kI gayI hai / isalie jAna par3atA hai ki karAyA, jise 'dasaveM guru kA grantha' kahate haiN| kintu ise matsyapurANa meM yA to zAradvata kalpa kI carcA prakSipta hai yA kaTTara sikkha loga sammAnita grantha ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM zAradvata aura pAdma donoM eka hI kalpa ke do nAma haiM, yA karate haiM / isa grantha kA prayoga govindasiMha ke sAmAnya matsyapurANa meM vaNita bhAgavata pracalita zrImadbhAgavata zraddhAlu ziSya sAMsArika kAmanAoM kI vRddhi ke lie karate nahIM hai| haiM, jabaki dhArmika kAryoM meM 'Adi grantha' kA prayoga bhakti zAkhA kA, vizeSa kara vaiSNava bhakti kA yaha hotA hai| upajIvya grantha hai| isako 'nigama taru kA svayaM galita bhAgavata upapurANa-kucha zAkta vidvAnoM ke anusAra untIsa amRta-phala' kahA gayA hai / jisa prakAra vedAntiyoM ne gItA upapurANoM meM bhAgavata purANa kI bhI gaNanA hai| parantu / ko prasiddha prasthAna mAnakara usa para bhASya likhA hai vaiSNava loga isa mata ko svIkAra nahIM krte| unake usI prakAra vaiSNava AcAryoM ne bhAgavata ko vaiSNavadharma kA anusAra 'bhAgavata purANa hI nahIM, apitu mahApurANa hai| mukhya prasthAna mAnakara usa para bhASyoM aura TIkAoM kI de0 'bhAgavata puraann'| racanA kI hai| vallabhAcArya ne bhAgavata ko vyAsa kI

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bhAgavatabhAvArthadIpikA-bhATTadinakara 473 'samAdhibhASA' kahA hai| isa para unakI 'subodhinI' pANDulipi vArANaseya saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya ke pustakAlaya TIkA prasiddha hai| bhAgavata kA caitanya sampradAya aura meM upalabdha hai / racanAkAla pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai / vallabha sampradAya donoM para gambhIra prabhAva pdd'aa| donoM bhAgavatavyAkhyA-viSNusvAmI sampradAya kA eka sammAnita sampradAyoM ne bhAgavata ke AdhyAtmika tattvoM kA vistRta aadhaargrnth| isa sampradAya ke saMsthApaka viSNusvAmI dakSiNa nirUpaNa kiyA hai / aise granthoM meM AnandatIrtha kRta 'bhAga- bhArata ke nivAsI the| unhoMne gItA, vedAntasUtra tathA vatatAtparyanirNaya' aura jIva gosvAmI ke 'SaT sandarbha' bahuta bhAgavata purANa para vyAkhyAe~ racI thIM, jo aba prApta nahIM prasiddha haiM / bhAgavata ke anusAra eka hI advaita tattva jagat haiN| inake bhAgavata sambandhI grantha kA ullekha zrIdhara svAmI ke vyApAra-sRSTi, sthiti aura laya ke lie vibhinna ne apanI TIkA (1.7 ) meM kiyA hai| isakA racanAavatAra dhAraNa karatA hai / bhakti hI mokSa kA mukhya sAdhana kAla 13vIM zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| hai / isake binA jJAna aura karma vyartha haiN| bhAgavatAmRta-mahAprabhu caitanya ke ziSya sanAtana gosvAmI bhAgavatabhAvArthadIpikA-pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM utpanna zrIdhara dvArA racita eka grantha / isameM caitanya sampradAya ke svAmI dvArA viracita bhAgavata purANa kI suprasiddha ttiikaa| AzayAnusAra zrI kRSNa kI vajalIlAoM kA varNana kiyA vaiSNavoM dvArA yaha TIkA ati sammAnita hai| zrIdhara gayA hai / svAmI kAzI meM maNikarNikA ghATa ke samIpa 'narasiMhacauka' bhAgyakSadvAdazI-pUrvAphAlgunI nakSatrayukta dvAdazI ko harihara meM rahate the tathA janazruti ke anusAra purI ke govardhana bhagavAn kI pratimA kA pUjana karanA caahie| isameM ardha maTha se sambaddha the| inhoMne bhAgavata purANa ko bopadeva kI mUrti hari tathA zeSa ardha mUrti hara (ziva) kA pratinidhitva racanA svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / inhoMne yaha vyAkhyA advaita- karatI hai| tithi cAhe dvAdazI ho yA saptamI, donoM dina vAdI dRSTi se kI hai, phira bhI sabhI vaiSNavAcArya inako samAna phala milatA hai| isI prakAra nakSatra cAhe pUrvAprAmANika vyAkhyAkAra mAnate haiN| phAlgunI ho yA revatI athavA dhaniSThA, vahI phala hotA hai| bhAgavatamAhAtmya-padyapurANa aura skandapurANa ke aMza rUpa isa kRtya se manuSya putra, pautra tathA rAjya prApta karatA hai / meM do bhAgavatamAhAtmya pAye jAte haiN| unameM padmapurANIya pUrvAphAlganI bhAgya ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai, kyoMki mAhAtmya adhika pracalita hai| yaha bhAgavata purANa kI isakA adhipati bhaga devatA hai| 'RkSa' kA artha hai nakSatra racanA se bahuta pIche racA gyaa| isameM uddhRta eka (bhAgya + RkSa, bhaagykss)| kathA se kucha aisA pratIta hotA hai ki yaha purANa dakSiNa bhAgIrathI-sagara ke prapautra rAjA bhagIratha ne apane deza meM racA gayA thaa| isa kathA meM bhakti eka strI ke 60,000 pUrvajoM (sagara ke putroM) ko, jo kapila ke zApa rUpa meM avatarita hokara kahatI hai ki maiM draviDa deza meM se bhasma ho gaye the, tArane ke lie devanadI gaGgA ko utpanna huI thI, karNATaka meM bar3I huI, mahArASTra meM merA svarga se pRthvI para tathA pRthvI se pAtAla kI ora le jAne kucha-kucha poSaNa huA aura gujarAta meM vRddha ho gyii| phira ke lie ghora tapasyA kI thii| bhagIratha ke prayatna se pRthvI maiM ghora kaliyuga ke yoga se pAkhaNDoM dvArA khaNDita-aMginI para Ane ke kAraNa gaGgA ko bhAgIrathI kahate haiN| de0 aura durbala hokara jJAna-vairAgya nAmaka apane putroM ke sAtha rAmAyaNa, 1.38.44 / / bahuta dinoM taka mandatA meM par3I rahI / samprati vRndAvana bhAgari-Rgveda zAkhA kA eka grantha bRhaddevatA hai, jisameM pahu~ca kara navInA, surUpiNI aura samyak prakAra se pari- vaidika AkhyAnAdi vistAra se likhe gaye haiN| yaha grantha pUrNa ho gayI hU~ (1.48-50) / zaunaka dvArA racita batAyA jAtA hai| kucha loga ise bhAgavatasampradAya--de0 'bhAgavata' / zaunaka sampradAya ke kisI vyakti, bhAguri aura AzvalAyana bhAgavatalIlArahasya-mahAprabhu vallabhAcArya racita eka kI racanA batalAte haiN| aprakAzita grantha / bhATTadinakara-yaha bhaTTa dinakara racita (1600 I0) pArthabhAgavatalaghuTIkA-viSNusvAmI saMpradAya ke sAhitya meM sArathi mizra ke 'zAstradIpikA' grantha kI TIkA hai| yaha isakI gaNanA hotI hai| yaha varadarAjakRta ha tathA isakI pUrvamImAMsA viSayaka grantha hai| 60

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474 bhAdradIpikA-bhArata bhATTadIpikA-satrahavIM zatAbdI meM utpanna pUrvamImAMsA ke thii)| isakI pUjA meM gAna tathA jaMgalI nAcoM kA samA AcArya khaNDadeva dvArA jaiminisUtroM ke vArtika para racita veza hai|| vyAkhyA grantha / isameM zabda kA devatva arthAt 'vedamantra hii| bhAnudAsa-solahavIM zatAbdI ke mahArASTrIya bhakoM meM devatA haiM' isa siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| bhAnudAsa kI gaNanA hotI hai| inake race abhaGgoM (padoM) bhAtapAta-eka paMkti meM baiThakara samAna kula ke logoM dvArA ke kAraNa inakI prasiddhi hai| kaccA bhojana karanA / yaha vicAradhArA bahuta prAcIna hai| purANoM aura smRtiyoM meM havya-kavyagrahaNa ke sambandha meM __ bhAnuvrata-saptamI ke dina yaha vrata prArambha hotA hai| usa brAhmaNoM kI eka paMkti meM baiThane kI pAtratA para vistAra dina naktavidhi se AhAra karanA caahie| sUrya isake devatA hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| varSa se vicAra haA hai| manusmati (3.149) meM likhA hai ki ke anta meM gau tathA svarNa ke dAna kA vidhAna hai| isa dharmajJa puruSa havya (devakarma) meM brAhmaNa kI utanI jA~ca na kRtya se vratI svarga loka jAtA hai / kare, kintu kavya (pitRkarma) meM AcAra-vicAra, vidyA, kula, zIla kI acchI taraha jA~ca kara le / eka lambI sUcI bhAnusaptamI-yadi ravivAra ke dina saptamI par3e to use apAtayatA kI dI huI hai / prasaGga se jAna par3atA hai ki bhAnusaptamI kahA jAtA hai| de0 gadAdharapaddhati, pR0 manusmRti ke samaya taka dvija mAtra eka dUsare ke yahA~ 610 / isa dina upavAsa, vrata tathA sUryapUjana kA bhojana karate the| vicAravAn vyakti yaha dekha lete the ki vidhAna hai| jisake yahA~ hama bhojana karate haiM, vaha svayaM saccaritra hai, bhAmato-zAMkara bhASya kI eka vikhyAta vyAkhyA, jo mUla usakA kula sadAcArI hai aura usake yahA~ chUta vAle rogI ke samAna apanA gaurava rakhatI hai| isake racayitA dArzato nahIM hai| jaba adhika saMkhyA meM loga khAne baiThate the nikapaMcAnana vAcaspati mizra (navIM zatAbdI) the| zAGkara taba bhI isakA vicAra hotA thA / paMkti kA vicAra havya- mata ko samajhane ke lie isakA adhyayana anivArya samajhA kavya meM brAhmaNoM ke antargata calatA thaa| dekhAdekhI paMkti jAtA hai| advaitavAda kA yaha prAmANika grantha hai| grantha kA aisA hI niyama aura vargoM meM bhI cala pdd'aa| jise ke nAmakaraNa ko eka kathA hai / vAcaspati mizra kI patnI apAGkteya yA paMkti se bAhara kara dete the vaha phira patita kA nAma bhAmatI thaa| grantha praNayana ke samaya vaha mizrasamajhA jAtA thA / bar3e bhoja unhIM logoM meM sambhava the jI kI sevA karatI rahI, parantu ve svayaM grantha racanA meM jo eka hI sthAna ke rahanevAle, eka hI taraha kA kAma itane tallIna rahate the ki usako bilkula bhUla gaye / grantha yA vyavasAya karate the aura jinakI paraspara nAtedAriyA~ samApti para bhAmatI ne vyaMgya se isakI zikAyata kii| thiiN| vivAha bhI isI prakAra samAna karma aura varNa, samAna vAcaspati ne usako santuSTa karane ke lie grantha kA nAma kulazIla vAloM meM honA Avazyaka thaa| isIlie bhAta- 'bhAmatI' rakha diyaa| pA~ta kA janma ho gyaa| bhArata-isa deza kA prAcIna nAma bhArata hai| isa nAmabhAdU-bAgdI nAma kI eka vanavAsI jAti madhya bhArata karaNa kI kaI paramparAe~ haiN| eka bahapracalita paramparA tathA pazcima baGgAla meM basatI hai / yaha sanAtana hindU dharma hai ki duSyantakumAra aura cakravartI rAjA bharata ke nAma tathA pazu evaM prakRti kI pujArI hai| isa jAti ke loga para isa deza kA nAma bhArata athavA bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| manasA devI ko pUjA karate haiM, jisakI pratimA sAre grAma dUsarI paramparA zrImadbhAgavata aura jaina purANoM meM milatI meM ghumAyo jAtI hai| anta meM eka tAlAba meM mUrtivisarjana hai| isake anusAra RSabhadeva ke putra mahArAja bharata ke, jo karate haiN| ye eka nArI sAdhunI kI mUrti ko bhI ghumAte Age calakara bar3e mahAtmA aura yogI ho gaye the, nAma haiM, jisakI upAdhi 'bhAdU' hai| isake bAre meM kahA jAtA para isa deza kA nAma bhArata pdd'aa| parantu adhika sambhava hai ki yaha paceta ke rAjA kI putrI thI tathA apanI jAna par3atA hai ki bharatavarga (kabIle) ke nAma para, jo jAti kI bhalAI ke lie isane avivAhitAvasthA rAjanIti, dharma, vidyA aura kalA sabhI meM agraNI thA, meM hI apanA jIvana dAna kara diyA thA ( mara gayI isa deza kA nAma bhArata pdd'aa| isa deza kI santati aura

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bhAratabhAvadIpa-bhAratI 475 saMskRti bhI usake nAma para bhAratI kahalAyo / viSNupurANa / __ hai, tathApi mukhya abhiprAya advaita sampradAya ke anukUla hI hai / meM bhArata kI sImA isa prakAra dI huI hai : bhArata saMhitA-maharSi jaimini ko pUrvamImAMsA darzana ke uttaraM yatsamudrasya himAdrezcaiva dakSiNam / atirikta bhAratasaMhitA kA bhI racayitA kahate haiN| isakA varSa tad bhArataM nAma bhAratI yatra saMtatiH // eka anya nAma 'jaiminibhArata' hai| bhAratadharmamahAmaNDala-19vIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM IsAI mata [ himAlaya se samudra taka ke uttara-dakSiNa bhUbhAga kA ke prabhAva ne hindU vicAroM para gaharA AghAta kiyA, jisane nAma bhArata hai, isameM bhAratI prajA rahatI hai / ] isameM maulika siddhAntoM para par3e AghAtoM ke atirikta pratikriyAsaMtati kI kalpanA sAMskRtika hai, prajAtIya nhiiN| bhAra rUpa meM hindU mAtra kI ekatA ko janma diyaa| isake phalatIya paramparA ne rakta aura raGga se Upara uThakara sadA svarUpa 'bhAratadharmamahAmaNDala' jaisI saMsthAoM kI sthApanA bhAvanAtmaka ekatA para bala diyA hai| huI aura hindutva kI rakSA ke lie saMghaTanAtmaka prayatna bhArata kI saMskRti ati prAcIna hai| isakI paramparA hone lage / mahAmaNDala kA mukhya adhiSThAna kAzI meM hai| meM sRSTi kA varNana sabase nirAlA hai / phira manvantara aura isake saMsthApaka vaMgadezIya svAmI jJAnAnandajI the| mahArAjavaMzoM kA varNana jo kucha hai vaha bhAratavarSa ke bhItara maNDala ke mukhya tIna uddezya rakhe gaye : (1) hindutva kI kA hai| carcA vividha dvIpoM aura dezoM kI hai sahI, paraMtu ekatA aura utthAna (2) isa kArya ke sampAdana ke lie rAjavaMzoM kA jahA~ kahIM varNana hai usakI bhAratIya sImA upadezakoM kA saMghaTana aura (3) hindUdharma ke sanAtana tattvoM nizcita hai| mahAbhArata ke saMgrAma meM cIna, turkistAna ke pracArArtha upayukta sAhitya kA nirmANa / aba maNDala Adi sabhI pAsa ke dezoM kI senA AyI dIkha par3atI hai, mahilAzikSaNa kArya kI ora agrasara hai / pANDavoM aura kauravoM kI digvijaya meM vartamAna bhArata ke bhAratavarSIya brAhmasamAja-rAjA rAmamoTana gA bAhara ke deza bhI sammilita the, parantu karmakSetra bhArata kI saMsthApita dharmasudhAraka samiti / brAhmasamAja Age calakara puNyabhUmi hI hai| isake parvata, vana, nadI-nAle, vRkSa, do samAjoM meM ba~Ta gayA : Adi brAhmasamAja evaM bhAratapallava, grAma, nagara, maidAna, yahA~ taka ki TIle bhI pavitra varSIya brAhmasamAja / yaha ghaTanA 11 navambara san 1866 tIrtha haiM / dvArakA se lekara prAgjyotiSa taka, badarI-kedAra kI hai, jisa samaya kezavacandra sena brAhmasamAja ke se lekara kanyAkumArI yA dhanuSkoTi taka, apitu sAgara mantrI bane / Adi brAhmasamAja devendranAtha ThAkura dvArA taka Adi sImA aura anta sImA, tIrtha aura devasthAna haiN| vyavasthApita niyamoM ko mAnyatA detA thA, aura bhAratavarSIya yahA~ ke jalacara, sthalacara, gaganacara, sabameM pUjya aura brAhmasamAja ke vicAra adhika udAra the| isameM sAdhAraNa pavitra bhAvanA vartamAna hai| loga deza se prema karate hai| prArthanA tathA stutipATha ke sAtha-sAtha hindU, IsAI, hindU apanI mAtRbhUmi ko pUjate haiN| muslima, joroSTriyAyI tathA kanaphyUziyasa ke granthoM kA bhI bhAratIya hindU paramparA apanA Arambha sRSTikAla se pATha hotA thaa| kezavacandra ne ise hindU praNAlI kI sImA se hI mAnatI hai| usameM kahIM kisI AkhyAna se, kisI carcA Upara uThAkara mAnavavAdI dharma ke rUpa meM badala diyaa| se, kisI vAkya se yaha siddha nahIM hotA ki Arya jAti phalataH bhAratavarSIya brAhmasamAja kI sadasyatA deza ke kahIM bAhara se isa deza meM AyI / arthAt paramparAnusAra kone-kone meM phaila gayI tathA Adi brAhmasamAja isakI hI isa bhArata deza ke AdivAsI Arya hai| tulanA meM sImita raha gayA / parantu brAhmasamAja jitanA bhAratabhAvadIpa-nIlakaNTha sUri (solahavIM zatAbdI) mahAbhArata sudhAravAdI banA, utanA hI apanI mUla paramparA se dUra ke prasiddha TIkAkAra haiM / isa TIkA kA nAma bhAratabhAva- hotA gayA, isakI jIvanI zakti kSINa hotI gayI aura dIpa hai / isake antargata gItA kI vyAkhyA meM apanI TIkA yaha sUkhane lagA / de0 'brAhmasamAja' / / ko sampradAyAnusArI ( paramparAgata ) batalAte hue inhoMne bhAratI-(1) sarasvatI kA eka paryAya / bhAratI kA saMbandha svAmI zaGkarAcArya evaM zrIdharAdi kI vandanA kI hai / isa vaidika bharatoM se pratIta hotA hai| bharatoM ke sAMskRtika vyAkhyA meM kahIM-kahIM zAGkarabhASya kA atikramaNa bhI huA avadAna kA vyaktIkaraNa hI bhAratI hai|

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476 bhAratItIrtha-bhAvanA upaniSad (2) zaGkara ke dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM kI eka zAkhA hotA hai ki unhoMne viSNukRta 'dharmasUtra' ke Upara eka 'bhAratI' hai| bhAratI upanAma ke saMnyAsI kucha ucca TIkA likhI thI / zrIvaiSNava sampradAya meM prasiddha bhAruci zreNI meM gine jAte haiM / dasanAmiyoM kI tIrtha, Azrama evaM aura dharmazAstrakAra bhAruci eka mAne jAya, to inakA sarasvatI zAkhAoM meM kevala brAhmaNa hI dIkSita hote haiM, samaya navIM zatAbdI ke prathamArdha meM mAnA jA sakatA hai| ataeva ye pavitra upanAma haiN| bhAratI zAkhA meM brAhmaNoM bhArgava-bhaga ke vaMzaja yA gotrotpanna / yaha aneka RSiyoM ke sAtha hI anya varNa bhI dIkSita hote haiM, isalie yaha kA pitabodhaka nAma hai. jinameM cyavana ( zatapatha brAhmaNa, upanAma AdhA hI paviH mAnA jAtA hai| 4 1,5,1; aitareya brAhmaNa, 8.21 ) tathA gRtsmada bhAratItIrtha-caudahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM mahAtmA bhAratI- (kauSItaki brAhmaNa, 22.4) ullekhanIya haiM / anya bhArgavoM tIrtha ke ziSya vidyAraNya svAmI ne 'paJcadazI' nAmaka kA bhI unake vyaktigata nAmoM ke binA hI ullekha huA vedAnta viSayaka atyanta upayogI grantha prastuta kiyA / hai (taittirIya saMhitA, 1.8,18,1; zAGkhAyana AraNyaka yaha prasAdaguNapUrNa anuSTup chandoM ke paMdraha prakaraNoM meM 6.15; aitareya brAhmaNa, 8.2, 1, 5; praznopaniSad, 1.1; racA gayA hai| paJcaviMzabrAhmaNa, 12.2, 23, 9, 19, 39 aadi)| bhArato yati-pAMkhya darzana ke AcArya, jo caudahavIM zatI ke zukrAcArya, mArkaNDeya, parazurAma Adi RSi bhArgava ( bhRguprAraMbha meM hue / inhoMne vAcaspatimizraviracita 'sAMkhyatatva vaMzaja ) haiN| ( mRtpAtra pakAne ke kAraNa kumbhakAra bhI kaumudI' para 'tattvakomudI vyAkhyA' nAmaka TIkA rcii| bhArgava kahalAtA hai / vanavAsakAla meM pANDava isake ghara meM bhAratI ziSyaparamparA-bhAratI, sarasvatI evaM purI upa Tike the|) nAmoM kI ziSyaparamparA zaMkarAcArya ke zRMgerI maTha ke antargata hai / de0 'bhAratI' / / bhArgava upapurANa-yaha untIsa upapurANoM meM se eka hai / bhAradvAja-bharadvAja kula meM utpanna RSi / ye yajurveda kI bhAryA-paravartI kAla meM isakA patnI artha pracalita huA hai| eka zrauta evaM gRhya zAkhA ke sUtrakAra the / taittirIya prAti 'seMTapITarsavarga' ke zabdakoza ke anusAra sarvaprathama yaha zAkhya meM inakA ullekha AcArya ke rUpa meM tathA pANini zabda aitareya brAhmaNa meM prayukta huA hai ( 7.9.8 ) jahA~ ke aSTAdhyAyIsUtroM meM vaiyAkaraNa ke rUpa meM huA hai| isakA artha gRhasthI kI eka sadasyA hai, jisakA bharaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM yAjJavalkya kI isase vidita hotA hai ki RSi bhAradvAja zikSAzAstrI, do striyoM ko isI zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai vaiyAkaraNa, zrauta evaM gRhya sUtrakAra bhI the| (bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 3.4, 1; 4.5, 1) / Age calabhAradvAjagRhyasUtra-kRSNa yajurveda kA eka gRhyasUtra / kara patnI ke artha meM hI isakA prayoga hone lgaa| bhAradvAjazrautasUtra-kRSNa yajurveda kA zrautasUtra, jo bhAradvAja dvArA racita hai| bhAvatraya-zakti kI ArAdhanA karane vAle tAntrika loga tIna bhArabhUtezvaravata-Azvina pUrNimA ke dina kAzI meM bhArata bhAvoM (avasthAoM) kA Azraya lete haiM; 'divya bhAva' se devatA bhUtezvara zaMkarajI kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / 'vIra bhAva' se kriyA siddhi hotI bhAruci-AcArya rAmAnuja kRta vedArthasaMgraha meM (pR0 154) hai / 'pazu bhAva' se jJAnasiddhi hotI hai| inheM kama se divyAprAcIna kAla ke cha: vedAntAcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai, cAra, vIrAcAra aura pazvAcAra bhI kahate haiN| pazubhAva jinameM bhAruci bhI haiN| zrInivAsadAsa ne 'yatondramata se jJAna prApta karake vIrabhAva dvArA rudratva pada prApta kiyA dIpikA' meM bhI inakA ullekha kiyA hai| bhAruci ke ___ jAtA hai| divyAcAra dvArA sAdhaka ke andara devatA kI viSaya meM vizeSa parijJAna nahIM hai / vijJAnezvara kI mitA taraha kriyAzIlatA ho jAtI hai| ina bhAvoM kA mUla niHsandeha zakti hai| kSarA ( yAjJa0 1.18 aura 2.124 ), mAdhavAcArya kRta parAzarasmRti kI TIkA ( 2.3, pR0 510) evaM sara- bhAvanA upaniSad-yaha zAkta upaniSad hai| isakA svatIvilAsa (prastara 133 ) prabhRti granthoM meM dharma- racanA kAla 900 tathA 1350 I0 ke bIca rakhA jA zAstrakAra bhAruci kA nAma upalabdha hotA hai| pratIta sakatA hai|

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bhAvanAviveka bhAskarAcArya bhAvanAviveka mahAna karmakANDI] maNDana mizra dvArA viracita pUrvamImAMsA kA eka grantha bhAvaprakAzikA vivaraNaTIkA advaita sampradAya ke vidvAn nRsiMhAzrama dvArA racita bhAvaprakAzikA prakAzAtmayatikRta 'paJcapAdikAvivaraNa' kI TIkA hai / bhAvAnanda - nAbhAdAsajI ke 'bhaktamAla' meM varNita santa va bhaktoM meM bhAvAnanda kA ullekha hai| kintu kevala eka patha meM unakI rAmabhakti ke ullekha ke sivA unakA aura kucha varNana prApta nahIM hotA / bhAvArtha rAmAyaNa - solahavIM satrahavIM zatI ke madhya utpanna eka mahArASTrIya bhakta ne isa grantha kI racanA kI thI / bhASApariccheda nyAya-vaizeSika darzana viSayaka eka padyAtmaka prasiddha grantha / isakI racanA 17vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM vaMgadezIya vizvanAtha paJcAnana dvArA huI thii| isake padya anuSTup chanda meM haiM, isalie vyavahAra meM isakA nAma 'kArikAvalI' prasiddha hai / bhASAvRtti yaha pANini muni kI aSTAdhyAyI para avalambita eka vyAkaraNa grantha hai / isake racayitA puruSottamadeva nAmaka eka vaiyAkaraNa the| puruSottama dvArA racita eka upayogI kozagrantha 'hArAvalI' nAma se prasiddha haiM / bhASya- dhArmika, dArzanika yA saiddhAntika sUtragranthoM para jo samAlocanAtmaka athavA vyAkhyAtmaka grantha likhe gaye haiN| unako bhASya kahate haiN| isakA zAbdika artha hai kahane lAyaka athavA spaSTa karane lAyaka : sUtrArtho varNyate yatra vAkyaiH sUtrAnusAribhiH / svapadAni ca varNyante bhASyaM bhASyavido viduH // bhASyAcArya svAmI rAmAnuja ke parama guru aura yAmunAcArya ke guru kA (guNavAcaka) nAma bhASyAcArya hai| bhAsavaMza-tyAya darzana ke eka AcArya inhoMne nyAyasAra nAmaka grantha likhA jisake Upara aSTAdaza TIkAe~ racI gayI haiM / bhAskara - kAzmIra zaiva mata ke eka AcArya, jo 11vIM zatAbdI meM utpanna hue / inhoMne 'zivasUnavArtika' likhA hai yaha grantha vasugupta racita 'zivasUtra' para vArtikoM ke rUpa meM prastuta huA hai / bhAskarapUjA - sUrya bhagavAn viSNu ke dakSiNa netra haiM / isalie viSNu ke rUpa meM sUrya kA pUjana karanA caahie| ratha ke pahiye ke samAna maNDala banAkara usameM sUrya kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| sUrya para car3hAye hue phUla pratimA se haTAne ke bAda vratI ko apane zarIra para dhAraNa nahIM karane caahie| tithitattva 36 pu0 ni0 104 / bRhatsaMhitA ( 57.31-57 ) meM isa bAta kA nirdeza milatA hai ki kisI devatA kI pratimA pha~sI banAyI jaay| mUrti nirmANa eka bAta atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai ki mUrti ke caraNoM se vakSa taka kA bhAga nagna na rahane pAye, apitu kisI vastra se AcchAdita rahe / meM 477 bhAskarapriyAsaptamI - jaba sUrya saptamI ko eka rAzi se saMkramaNa kara dvitIya rAzi para pahuMcate haiM taba vaha saptamI mahAjayA kahalAtI hai| yaha tithi, sUrya ko bahuta priya hai| usa dina snAna, dAna, japa, homa, devapUjA, pitRtarpaNa ityAdi karane se karor3oM gunA puNya prApta hotA hai / bhAskara mizra - yajurveda kI taittirIya saMhitA kA eka choTA bhASya bhAskara mizra ne likhA hai| inhoMne taitirIya Arayaka kA bhI eka bhASya racA hai / bhAskararAya aThArahavIM zatAbdI kA prArambha inakA sthitikAla kahA jAtA hai| me dakSiNamArgI zAkta tathA devI ke parama upAsaka the nRsiMhAnandanAtha bhAskarAnandanAtha tathA umAnandanAtha ne milakara eka choTI sI guruparamparA sthApita kI / bhAskarAnandanAtha inameM sabase mahAn the| ve hI bhAskararAya ke nAma se abhihita kiye jAte haiN| ye tara nareza ke sabhApaNDita the| zAkta sAdhanApraNAlI ko inhoMne AryA chandoM meM vidvattApUrNa DhaMga se likhA hai, jisakA nAma hai 'varivasyArahasya' / isa para svayaM inakA eka bhASya bhI hai| inhoMne vAmakezvara tantra, tripurA, kaula evaM bhAvanA (zAkta) upaniSad, lalitA sahasranAma, mahA evaM jAbAla upaniSad tathA IzvaragItA kI vyAkhyAe~ bhI racI haiM / bhAskaravrata -kRSNa pakSa kI SaSThI ko yaha sUrya kA vrata kiyA jAtA hai / yaha tithivrata hai| isake anusAra SaSThI ko upavAsa tathA saptamI ko 'sUryaH prasIdatu' vacana ke sAtha vidhipUrvaka pUjana honA cAhie / isa kRtya se vratI samasta rogoM se mukta hokara svarga prApta karatA hai / bhAskarAcArya - navIM dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM vedAntasUtroM kA eka ullekhanIya bhASya racA gayA, jisake karttA the -

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478 bhAskarAnandanAtha-bhImadvAdazI bhAskarAcArya yA bhaTTa bhAskara / isakI mahattA inake bhedAbheda saM0 6.4,9,3; maitrA0 saM0 4.6,2; zata0 brA0 4.1, darzana ke kAraNa hai| inhoMne zaGkara kA nAma to nahIM 5,14) se Arambha hotI hai jahA~ bheSaja-abhyAsa karane ke liyA hai kintu apane bhASya meM una para barAbara AkSepa kiye kAraNa azvinoM kI nindA kI gayI hai / isa nindA kA haiM / udayanAcArya ne kusumAJjali grantha meM bhAskarAcArya kAraNa yaha hai ki apane isa vyavasAya ke kAraNa unheM bahuta kA virodha kiyA hai| adhika logoM ke pAsa jAnA par3atA hai (yahA~ itara jAtiyoM nimbArka kA bhI eka anya nAma bhAskara thA aura unakA ke ghRNita lagAva yA chUA-chUta kI ora saMketa hai)| bhI dArzanika mata bhedAbheda hai / isase bhAskarAcArya tathA Rgveda kI eka RcA meM eka bhiSak apane paudhoM tathA nimbArka ke eka hone kA bhrama hotA hai| kintu prathama unakI Arogyazakti kI prazaMsA karatA hai (10.97) / ke vedAnta kA vizuddha bhASyakAra tathA dvitIya ke sAmpradAyika azvinoM dvArA paMgu (R0 1.112,8; 10.39,3), aMdhe vRttikAra hone ke kAraNa donoM kA pArthakya spaSTa pratIta (R0 1.116, 17) ko acchA karane, vRddha cyavana tathA hotA hai / nimbArka avazya bhAskara se paravartI AcArya haiM. purandhi ke pati ko yuvA banAne, vizvapAlA ko lauhapAda kyoMki rAdhA kI upAsanA 1100 I0 ke bAda hI vraja- (AyasI jaGghA) pradAna karane ke camatkAroM kA varNana prApta maNDala meM pracalita huI, jo bhAskarAcArya ke samaya ke bahata hotA hai| yaha mAnanA bhramapUrNa na hogA ki vaidika Arya bAda kI ghaTanA hai| zalya cikitsA bhI karate the| ve apane ghAvoM para sAdI bhAskarAnandanAtha-de0 'bhAskararAya' / (eka padArtha se taiyAra) auSadha kA prayoga bhI karate the| bhikSA-zatapatha brAhmaNa (11.3,3,6), AzvalAyana gRhyasUtra unakI zalya cikitsA tathA auSadhajJAna kA vikAsa ho (1.9), bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ( 3. 4, 1; 4.4, 26 ) meM cukA thaa| atharvaveda ke oSadhi varNana meM vanaspati tathA bhikSA ko brahmacArI ke kartavyoM meM kahA gayA hai / atharvaveda jAdamantra kA bhI ullekha hai, cikitsA aura zarIra(11.5.9) meM yAcanA se prApta padArtha ko bhikSA kahA vijJAna kA bhI varNana hai / Rgveda meM bheSajoM ke vyavasAya gayA hai| chAndogya ( 8.8.5 ) meM bhI isakA uparyukta ke pramANa (9.112) prApta haiN| puruSamedha ke balipazuoM artha hai, kintu vahA~ isakA zuddha uccAraNa sambhavataH meM bhiSak kA bhI nAma AtA hai (vA0 saM0 30.10%; AbhikSA hai| tai0 brA0 3.4,4,1) / bhikSu-bhikSA mA~gakara jIvana yApana karane vAlA sNnyaasii| bhImacandra kavi-vIra zaiva matAvalambI eka vidvAn / AtmA-paramAtmA ke svarUpa ko jAna lene para manuSya saMsAra inhoMne 1369 I0 meM 'vasava purANa' kA anuvAda telugu se virakta hokara paramAtmA ke cintana meM hI apane ko samarpita bhASA meM kiyA thaa| kara detA hai / usa dazA meM deharakSA ke lie bhikSA mA~gane bhImadvAdazI-(1) sarvaprathama isakI kathA zrI kRSNa ne bhara ko hI aisA vyakti gRhasthoM ke samparka meM AtA hai| dvitIya pANDava bhIma ko sunAyI thii| usake bAda yaha aisA paramAtmacintanaparAyaNa saMnyAsI bhikSu kahA jAtA tithi isI nAma se vikhyAta ho gyii| isase pUrva isakA hai / daridra yA abhAvagrasta hokara mAMgane vAlA vyakti bhikSu nAma kalyANI thaa| matsya purANa ( 69,19-65 ) nahIM, yAcaka kahalAtA hai| saMsAratyAgI bauddha saMnyAsI aura padmapurANa 2.23 meM isakA vizada vivecana kiyA bhI bhikSu kahe jAte haiN| gayA hai, jisakA adhikAMza bhAga kRtyakalpataru (354bhikSuka upaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad, jisakA sambandha 359) ne uddhRta kiyA hai tathA hemAdri ( vratakhaNDa saMnyAsAzrama se hai| 1044-1049 padma se ) ne bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| bhiSak-yaha zabda sabhI vedasaMhitAoM meM sAdhAraNataH vyava- mAgha zukla dazamI ko snAna karake zarIra para ghI lagAkara hRta huA hai / prArambhika vaidika granthoM meM bhiSakakarma bhagavAn viSNu kI 'namo nArAyaNAya' mantra se pUjA karanI asammAnita nahIM thaa| azvinIkumAra, varuNa tathA rudra cAhie / bhagavAn ke bhinna-bhinna zarIrAvayavoM kA unake sabhI bhiSak kahe gaye haiN| parantu dharmasUtroM meM isa kArya vibhinna nAmoM (yathA kezava, dAmodara Adi) se pUjana kI nindA huI hai| yaha ghRNA yajurveda kI kucha saM0 (tai0 karanA caahie| garuDa, ziva tathA gaNeza ke pUjana ke

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bhImakAdazI-bhISmASTamI 479 sAtha ekAdazI ko pUrNa upavAsa karanA cAhie / dvAdazI bhISmapaJcaka-kArtika zukla ekAdazI se pAMca dina taka ko kisI nadI meM snAna karake ghara ke sAmane maNDapa vratI ko tInoM kAloM meM paMcAmRta aura paJcagavya zarIra meM banAnA cAhie / tadanantara eka jalapUrNa kalaza ko, jisakI lagAkara candanamizrita jala se snAna karanA cAhie aura talI meM choTA sA cheda ho, kisI toraNa meM laTakA kara yava, akSata tathA tiloM se pitRtarpaNa / pUjana ke samaya 'oM svayaM rAta bhara khar3e hokara usakI eka-eka bUMda ko apanI namo bhagavate vAsudevAya' mantra kA 108 bAra japa karanA hathelI para girate rahane denA cAhie aura pratyeka bUMda ke caahie| havana ke samaya SaDakSara mantra 'oM namo viSNave' sAtha bhagavAn kA nAma lete rahanA cAhie / tadana tara dvArA ghRtamizrita yava tathA akSatoM se AhutiyA~ denI cAra RgvedI brAhmaNoM dvArA homa, cAra yajurvedI brAhmaNoM caahie| yaha krama pA~ca dinoM taka calanA caahie| prathama se rudrajApa tathA cAra sAmavedI brAhmaNoM se sAmagAna dina se pAMcaveM dinoM taka kramazaH hari ke caraNa, ghuTane, karAnA cAhie / bArahoM vidvAn brAhmaNoM ko aMgUThiyA~ nAbhi, kandhe tathA sira kA kamala, bilvapatra, bhRGgAraka, tathA vastra dekara sammAnita karanA caahie| dUsare dina (caturtha dina) bANa, bilva tathA jayA evaM mAlatI se prAtaH gaue~ dAna meM dI jAnI cAhie~, tadanantara yajamAna pUjana karanA caahie| zarIra kI zuddhi ke lie vratI kahe, "kezava prasanna hoM, viSNu ziva ke tathA ziva viSNu ko ekAdazI se caturdazI taka kramazaH gomaya, gomUtra, ke hRdaya hai|" use devaviSayaka itihAsa-purANa bhI sunanA godugdha tathA godadhi kA sevana karanA caahie| paJcama cAhie / de0 garuDa0 1.127 / divasa brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara unheM dAna-dakSiNA se (2) mAgha zukla dvAdazI ko pulastya RSi ne vidarbha- santuSTa karanA cAhie / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vaha pApanareza bhIma ko, jo nala kI patnI damayantI ke pitA the, mukta ho jAtA hai| bhaviSyottara purANa ke anusAra isa isakA mAhAtmya varNana kiyA thaa| vyavasthA tathA vidhi vrata ko brahmAjI ne zrI kRSNa ko sunAyA thaa| punaH dUsarI vahI hai jo abhI vaNita huI hai| vratI isa vrata ke bAra zarazayyA para soye hue bhISmajI ne ise zrI kRSNa AcaraNa se samasta pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / yaha vrata ko sunAyA thaa| vAjapeya tathA atirAtra yajJa se bhI zreSTha hai| bhISmastavarAja-pitAmaha bhISma ke antima prayANa ke bhImaikAdazI-mAgha zukla ekAdazI puSya nakSatra yukta athavA samaya pANDavoM ke sAtha zrIkRSNa jaba unake nikaTa pahu~ce binA puSya nakSatra ke hI bar3I pavitra mAnI jAtI hai tathA taba bhISma ne bar3e ojasvI, dArzanika aura AdhyAtmika bhagavAn viSNu ko yaha bahuta priya hai| padmapurANa, 6.239.- vacanoM se zrIkRSNa kI stuti kI thii| bhagavAn kI 28 meM dhaumya RSi ke dvArA bhImasena ko isakA mAhAtmya ____ alaukika mahimA aura parAtpara svarUpa kA isameM nirUpaNa batalAyA gayA hai| huA hai ataeva yaha 'stavarAja' kahA jAtA hai| yaha stava bhagavAn ke divya nAma-rUpoM kI vyAkhyA hai isalie bhISma-kuruvaMzI rAjA zAntanu aura gaGgA ke putra / apane pitA kA vivAha satyavatI ke sAtha saMbhava banAne ke lie yaha bhagavadgItA aura viSNusahasranAma ke samakakSa mahA bhArata ke paMcaratnoM meM anyatama ginA jAtA hai| AjIvana brahmacarya rakhane kI bhISaNa pratijJA inhoMne kI thI, ataH ye bhISma kahalAye / maulika nAma devavrata thaa| bhISmASTamI-mAgha zukla aSTamI bhISma pitAmaha kA mahAbhArata meM varNita kaurava-pANDavoM ke pitAmaha bhISma __ mahAprayANa dina hai| isa tithi ko akhaMDa brahmacArI bhISma kA nAma sabhI sAkSara loga jAnate haiN| aneka dhArmika, ko jala dAna tathA zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai| jo loga isa dArzanika tathA rAjanItika tathyoM kI sUkSma bAteM bhISma ke vrata ko karate haiM, ve varSa bhara ke samasta pApoM se mukta dvArA kahI gayI hai jinakA upadeza unhoMne vizeSa kara hokara sukha saubhAgya prApta karate haiN| jisa vyakti ke pitA yudhiSThira ko diyA thaa| zAntiparva meM bhISma ke nAma se jIvita hoM vaha bhI bhISma ko jala dAna, tarpaNAdi kara rAjanIti, samAjanIti tathA dharmanIti kA vizada aura sakatA hai (samayamayUkha, 61) / yaha tithi sambhavataH vistRta varNana hai / anuzAsana parva, 167.28 para AdhArita hai| bhujabala

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480 bhuvanezvara-bhUtavIra nibandha, 10 364 meM do zloka Aye haiM jinheM tithitattva, puTa hai, jo rAmabhakti para kRSNabhakti kA prabhAva prakaTa nirNayasindhu Adi ne uddhRta kiyA hai : karatA hai| idhara isakI kaI pratiyA~ ayodhyA, rovA~ Adi zuklASTamyAM tu mAghasya dadyAd bhISmAya yo jalam / se prApta huI hai| saMvatsarakRtaM pApaM tatkSaNAdeva nazyati / / bhUkhar3a-uttara bhArata meM bhaTakane vAle zaiva yogiyoM kA vrg| vaiyAghrapadya gotrAya sAMkRtipravarAya ca / yaha aughar3a yogiyoM kI hI eka zAkhA hai jise gorakhanAtha aputrAya dadAmyetat salilaM bhISmavarmaNe / / ke eka ziSya brahmagiri ne gujarAta meM sthApita kiyA thaa| brAhmaNa taka bhI bhISma pitAmaha jaise Adarza kSatriya brahmagiri ne apane sampradAya kI pA~ca zAkhAe~ banAyIM : ko jaladAna karanA apanA dhArmika kartavya mAnate haiN| rUkhar3a, sUkhar3a, bhUkhar3a, kUkar3a tathA gUdar3a / prathama do saMkhyA bhuvanezvara-kaTaka aura jagannAthapurI ke madhyasthita ur3IsA meM adhika haiN| bhUkhar3a tathA kUkar3a apane bhikSApAtroM meM kA prasiddha tiirthsthaan| yaha sthAna prAcIna utkala kI rAja- dhUpAdi sugandhita padArtha nahIM jalAte, jaba ki anya aisA dhAnI thA aura aba bhArata ke svatantra hone para ur3IsA kI ___karate haiM / gUdar3a saMnNasiyoM ke mahApAtra haiN| inakA priya rAjadhAnI ho gayA hai| bhuvanezvara kAzI kI taraha hI uccAraNa 'alakha' zabda hai| aughar3oM kA eka chaThA varga zivamandiroM kA nagara hai / ise 'utkala-vArANasI', 'gupta- akhar3a kahalAtA hai / kAzI' bhI kahate haiN| purANoM meM ise 'ekAmrakSetra' kahA bhUta-jo vyatIta, vigata bItA yA ho cukA hai| avyakta gayA hai| bhagavAn zaGkara ne isa kSetra ko prakaTa kiyA se sthUla jagat ke vikAsa meM ghanIbhUta hue vargIkRta tattvoM isase ise 'zAmbhava-kSetra' bhI kahate haiN| yahA~ liGgarAja ko bhI (sthira ke artha meM) bhUta kahate haiM, jaise AkAza, vAyu, aura muktezvara ke mandira apane dhArmika sthApatya ke lie agni, jala aura kSiti / utpanna hokara vidyamAna prANI prasiddha haiN| ye mandira nAgara sthApatya zailI ke sarvottama aura sUkSma zarIradhArI (preta) AtmA bhI bhUta kahe jAte haiN| namUne haiN| bhUtaDAmara tantra-zAktoM ke tantra sAhitya meM isa grantha kA bhuvanezvarayAtrA-'gadAdharapaddhati' ke kAlasAra bhAga, 190- viSaya jAdU-TonA hai / 194 meM bhuvanezvara kI caudaha yAtrAoM kA varNana kiyA bhUtapUrImAhAtmya-hArItasaMhitA kA eka aMza bhUtapurIgayA hai, yathA prathamASTamo, prAvAraSaSThI, puSyasnAna, Ajya mAhAtmya hai / bhUtapurI perumbudUra kA nAma hai, jahA~ rAmAnuja kambala Adi / svAmI kA janma huA thaa| bhUtapurImAhAtmya meM svAmIjI bhuvanezvarI-zAkta upAsanA siddhAnta ke anusAra dasa mahA- kI prArambhika avasthA kA varNana hai / vidyAe~ mAnI gayI haiN| nigama jise virATa vidyA kahate bhUtabhairavatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta causaTha tantroM haiM, Agama use hI mahAvidyA kahate haiN| dakSiNa tathA vAma kI sUcI meM isa tantra kI bhI gaNanA hai| donoM mArga vAle tAntrika dasoM vidyAoM kI upAsanA bhUtamAtryutsava-jyeSTha mAsa kI pratipadA se pUrNimA taka karate haiN| ye mahAvidyAe~ haiM-mahAkAlI, ugratArA, isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| de0 hemAdri, 2.365SoDazI, bhuvanezvarI, chinnamastA, bhairavI, dhUmAvatI, bagalA- 370 / 'udasevikA' ke hI tulya yaha bhI hai| rAjA bhoja mukhI, mAtaGgI aura kmlaa| ke grantha sarasvatIkaNThAbharaNa ( zloka 94 ) ke anusAra bhuvanezvarItantra-mitha tantroM meM se eka 'bhuvanezvarI tantra' yaha eka holI ke jaisA jalakrIDA utsava hai / bhrAtRbhANDA, bhI hai| bhUtamAtA tathA udasevikA eka hI utsava ke tIna nAma bhuzuNDirAmAyaNa-rAmopAsaka sampradAya ke anekAneka hai / de0 hemAdri, 2.367 / granthoM meM bhuzuNDirAmAyaNa bhI eka hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA bhUtavIra-aitareya brAhmaNa (7.29) meM uddhRta purohitoM ke mata hai ki yaha adhyAtmarAmAyaNa se pahale likhI eka parivAra kA nAma, jo janamejaya dvArA kAzyapoM ko jA cukI thii| kucha vidvAnoM ke anusAra isakA racanAkAla nikAlakara, unake sthAna para niyukta kiye gaye the| 1300 I0 ke Asa-pAsa hai| parantu yaha nizcayapUrvaka kAzyapoM ke eka parivAra asitamagoM ne punaH janamejaya kI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| isake bhItara mAdhurya bhAva kA gaharA kRpA prApta kI tathA bhUtavIroM ko bAhara nikalavA diyaa|

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bhUtAni bhRguvrata 1 bhUtAni - 'bhUta' kA bahuvacana samasta jIvajagat ke lie prAyaH isakA prayoga hotA hai| caturvyUhAntargata viSNu ke pA~ca rUpoM ke bhinna-bhinna kArya haiM / antima rUpa brahmA kI utpatti caturtha vyUha aniruddha se hotI hai, jo sampUrNa dRSTa jagat (bhUtAni) ke sraSTA hai| bhUti-zakti kI eka vizeSa avasthA / prArambhika sRSTi kI prathamAvasthA meM zakti do rUpoM meM jAgatI hai (jaise ki isake pUrva nIMda meM rahI ho ) 1 kriyA ( kArya ) tathA bhUti ( honA ) / bhUtezvara - bhUtoM ( jIvoM ) ke Izvara - ziva bolacAla meM bhUta kA anya artha 'preta' hai preta una AtmAoM meM hai jo kisI ghora karmavaza mRtyu kI prApta ho bhaTakate rahate haiM / preta zmazAna meM nivAsa karate haiN| isa prakAra ziva una sabhI bhUtoM ke svAmI haiM jo zmazAnoM ke nivAsI haiM / jisa samaya ziva tANDava nRtya karate haiM, usa samaya bhUta preta unake sAtha hote haiM aura ve vidrohI daityoM ko padadalita karate rahate haiN| tANDava meM ziva kI devI ( zakti ) unakA anukaraNa karatI haiM / bhUdevI - pRthvI mAtA ko ho mAnavIkaraNa dvArA devI kA rUpa diyA gayA hai / unake do svarUpa haiM : ( 1 ) dayAlu aura (2) dhvaMsaka ye dayAlu rUpa meM sabhI kI mAtA tathA annadA kahalAtI haiN| baMgAla meM unheM bhUdevI, dharatI, mAyI, vasundharA, ambavAcI, vasumatI evaM ThakurAnI Adi nAmoM se pukArate haiM / dhArmika hindU nitya prAtaH nIMda se uThakara bhUdevI kI stuti karake hI apanA paira nIce rakhate haiM / bhagavAn viSNu kI yogamAyA ke do rUpa lIlAdevI aura bhUdevI unake agala-bagala virAjamAna hote haiN| AgamasaMhitAoM ke anusAra ina tIna mUrtiyoM ke rUpa meM viSNupUjA kI jAtI hai / - bhUbhAjanatayaha saMvatsarata hai| yadi koI vyakti pitaroM ko naivedya arpaNa karane ke bAda eka varSa taka khAlI bhUmi para ( na to thAlI meM aura na kisI kelA ityAdi ke pase para ) bhojana karatA hai to yaha samasta pRthvI kA samrAT banatA hai / bhUmivrata zukla pakSa kI caturdazI ko sUryapUjana karake pavitra mRtikA, bAlukA yA narmadA ke padma se zivamUrti ( liGga ) kA nirmANa karanA caahie| usa samayau pavAsa bhI karanA caahie| pUjana meM bhakta ko kesara, puSpa, ghRtamizrita 61 481 pAyasa (khIra) tathA kucha upahArAdi kA samarpaNa karanA cAhie / isa vrata se vratI rAjA ke samAna prabhutva prApta karatA hai / rAjA ko hI isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA cAhie / bhRgu vaidika granthoM meM bahucarcita eka prAcIna RSi ve - / varuNa ke putra ( zata0 0 11.6.1.10 A0 9.1 ) kahalAte haiM tathA pitRbodhaka 'vAruNi' upAdhi dhAraNa karate haiM ( ai0 brA0 3.34 ) / bahuvacana ( bhRgavaH ) meM bhRguoM ko agni kA upAsaka batAyA gayA hai / spaSTataH yaha prAcIna kAla ke purohitoM kA eka aisA samudAya thA jo sabhI vastuoM ko bhRgu nAma se abhihita karate the / kucha sandarbhoM meM inheM eka aitihAsika parivAra batAyA gayA hai ( R0 ve0 7.18, 6, 8.3.9,6, 18 ) / yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki 'dAzarAjJa yuddha' meM bhRgu purohita the yA yoddhA / paravartI sAhitya meM bhRgu vAstavika parivAra hai jisake aneka vibhAjana hue haiN| bhRgu loga kaI prakAra ke yAjJika avasaroM para purohita hue haiM, jaise agnisthApana tathA dazameya Rtu ke avasara para kaI sthaloM para ve AMgirasoM se sambandhita hai| bhUlana bAvA- madhya pradeza meM kucha vicitra devadeviyoM kI mAnyatA hai / bhUlana bAbA unameM se eka grAmadevatA haiM / vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki isake prabhAva se loga apanI cIjeM bhUlane nahIM pAte haiN| inakI manautI na karane para bhUla bahuta hotI hai aura jahA~-tahA~ cIjeM chUTa jAtI haiM / khoja karane para vastu prApti hote hI isa devatA kI pUjA hotI hai / bhUsurAnanda chAndogya tathA kenopaniSada para aneka TIkAe~ haiM / unameM se bhUsurAnanda kI bhI eka TIkA hai / - bhRgu ( smRtikAra ) - prasiddha dharmazAstrIya graMtha 'manusmRti' kI racanA manu mahArAja ke Adeza se maharSi bhRgu ne kI / bhRguvallI taittirIyopaniSad ke tIna bhAga haiM zikSAvallI, - AnandavallI tathA bhRguvllii| dUsare aura tIsare bhAga ko milAkara 'vAruNI' upaniSad bhI kahate hai / bhRguvrata - yaha vrata mArgazIrSa kRSNa dvAdazI ko prArambha hotA hai / yaha tithivrata hai / bhRgupadavAcaka bAraha devoM kA isameM pUjana hotA hai, jinako yajJa kA samarpaNa kiyA jAtA hai / eka varSaparyanta yaha anuSThAna calatA hai ( pratyeka kRSNa

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482 bheDAghATa-bhairavatantra pakSIya dvAdazI ko)| vrata ke anta meM gau kA dAna bhedAbheda siddhAnta kA pratipAdana Age calakara bhAskarAcArya vihita hai| ne kiyaa| vaiSNavoM meM bhedAbhedasampradAya ke prasiddha AcArya bher3AghATa-madhya pradeza meM jabalapura se pazcima 12 mIla nimbArkAcArya hue haiM / dUra narmadAjI kA bher3AghATa hai| kahate haiM, yaha maharSi bhaga bhedojjIvana-AcArya vyAsarAjakRta bhedojjIvana nAmaka grantha kI tapobhUmi hai| tapaHsthAna vidyamAna hai / narmadA ke unake dvArA likhe tIna granthoM meM se eka hai| isameM mAdhvauttara taTa para bAnagaGgA nadI kA saMgama hai| pAsa meM mata kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / zrIkRSNamandira aura eka choTI pahAr3I para gaurIzaGkara kA bhaimI ekAdazI-mAgha zukla ekAdazI ko jaba mRgazirA mandira hai / isa mandira ke cAroM ora vRttAkAra meM causaTha- nakSatra ho taba yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| usa dina vratI ko yoginImandira vidyamAna hai| ina donoM mandiroM kA upavAsa rakhakara dvAdazI ke dina SaTtilI' honA cAhie / nirmANa tripurI ke kalacuri rAjAoM ke samaya meM huA thaa| SaTtilI kA tAtparya hai tilamizrita jala se snAna, tila bher3AghATa se thor3I dUra para 'dhuA~dhAra' prapAta hai| yahA~ ko pIsakara usase zarIra mardana, tiloM se hI havana tathA narmadA kA jala 40 phuTa Upara se giratA hai| prapAta ke tila mizrita jala kA pAna, tiloM kA dAna aura tiloM Age narmadA kA pravAha saMgamaramara kI caTTAnoM ke madhya se kA hI bhojana / yadi koI vyakti isa ekAdazI ko, jo bahatA hai / ye caTTAneM darzanIya aura vizvavikhyAta haiN| 'bhImatithi' kahalAtI hai, upavAsa rakhatA hai to vaha viSNuloka bheda-eka asura kA nAma / atharvaveda (12.4 ) meM prApta karatA hai| bheda kA ullekha eka bure anta ko prApta karane vAle vyakti bhairava-ziva kA nAma, jisakA artha bhayAvanA hotA hai / ke artha meM huA hai| kyoMki usane indra ko eka gAya prArambhika avasthA meM yaha zabda tridevoM meM antima devatA ( vazA ) dene se inkAra kara diyA thaa| usakA adhArmika ziva kA vAcaka thA / yadyapi yaha zabda prAcIna hai caritra use anArya dala kA netA mAnane ko bAdhya karatA hai| kintu ziva kI bhairava ke svarUpa meM pUjA nayI hai / ziva ke bhedadarpaNa-tRtIya zrInivAsa paNDita dvArA racita grantha, jo bhairava rUpa ke saMprati ATha athavA bAraha prakAra haiN| unameM viziSTAdvaita kA samarthana tathA anya matoM kA khaNDana vizeSa pracalita haiM kAlabhairava, jinakA vAhana zvAna (kuttA) karatA hai| hai / inakI zakti kA nAma bhairavI hai| bhairava ke grAmINa bhedadhikkArasakriyA-eka advaitavedAntIya TIkAgrantha, jo rUpa bhairoM hai| ye mukhyataH kRSakoM ke devatA haiM / bhairoM nArAyaNAzrama svAmI ne apane guru nRsiMhAzrama ke 'bheda- kI pUjA vArANasI tathA bambaI meM aura uttara tathA madhya dhikkAra' ( jo bhedavAda kA khaNDana hai ) para likhA hai| bhArata ke kisAnoM meM pracalita hai / madhya bhArata meM kamara meM svayaM isa TIkA kI bhI TIkA unhoMne likhI aura usakA sA~pa lapeTe eka mRdaGgavAdaka ke rUpa meM yA kevala eka nAma rakhA 'bhedadhikkArasatkriyojjvalA' / lAla patthara ke rUpa meM inakI pUjA dUdhadAna se hotI hai / bhedadhikkArasatkriyojjvalA-de0 'bheddhikkaarstkriyaa| zaharoM meM mAdaka peyoM dvArA inakI pUjA hotI hai| gAMva ke bhedAbheda-bAdarAyaNa ke pUrva hI jIvAtmA tathA brahma ke kRSaka tathA zaharoM meM jogI (nAtha) inake bhakta hote haiN| sambandha ke viSaya meM tIna siddhAnta vartamAna the / Azmarathya bhairavajayantI-kArtika mAsa ke kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI ke anusAra AtmA na to brahma se bilkula bhinna hai aura kAlASTamI' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| usa dina upavAsa na bilkula abhinna / yaha pahalA siddhAnta thA jise 'bhedA- rakhakara jAgaraNa karanA cAhie / rAtri ke cAra prahara taka bheda' kahate haiN| dUsarA hai auDulomi kA 'dvaitasiddhAnta', bhairava ke pUjana, jAgaraNa tathA zivajI ke viSaya meM kathAe~ jisake anusAra AtmA brahma se bilkula bhinna hai aura sunanI caahie| isase vratI pApamukta hokara sundara zivamokSa ke samaya brahma meM milakara ekAkAra ho jAtA hai / bhakta bana jAtA hai| kAzIvAsiyoM ko yaha vrata avazya ise satyabheda bhI kahate haiN| tIsare saiddhAntika haiM kaashkRtsn| karanA caahie| inake anusAra AtmA brahma se kiMcit bhI bhinna nahIM hai| bhairavatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta 64 tantroM kI ise 'advaitasiddhAnta' kahate haiN| Azmarathya dvArA sthApita sUcI meM bhairavatantra bhI eka hai /

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bhairavayAmalatantra-bhaimavata 483 bhairavayAmalatantra-zAkta sAhitya kA pramukha tantra / isakA isase vratI sUkhopabhoga karatA haA svarga prApta karatA hai| ullekha vAmakezvara, kulacUDAmaNi tantra evaM Agamatattva- bhoja (rAjA)-ujjayinI ke prasiddha paramAra rAjA / dhArA vilAsa meM haA hai / vAmakezvara isa tantra kA eka bhAga hai| inakI dUsarI rAjadhAnI thii| ye vidyA, kalA aura kaviyoM bhairavI-devI ke raudra rUpa ko bhairavI (bhayAnaka) kahate haiN| ke gaNagrAhI pArakhI the| vyAkaraNa, darzana kAvyakalA yaha bhairava ( ziva ) raudrarUpa kI strI zakti hai| zAkta Adi para inake race aneka vikhyAta grantha haiM / yogasUtra para matAvalambI loga bhairavI kI gaNanA dasa mahAvidyAoM meM racI huI yogamArtaNDa nAmaka inakI TIkA athavA vRtti karate haiN| eka bahumAnya kRti hai| yaha bahata sarala bhASA meM yoga bhairavIcakra-de0 'vAmamArga' / kI vyAkhyA karatI hai| bhairavatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM ullikhita tantroM meM bhaumavAravrata-skandapurANa ke anusAra yaha vrata pratyeka eka tantra / maGgalavAra ko karanA cAhie aura eka zarkarApUrita bhairo (bhairavanAtha)-hinduoM kI dhArmika nagarI kAzI kii| tAmrapAtra dAna karanA cAhie / isa prakAra eka varSa vrata rakSA chaH sau devatAoM dvArA, jinake mandira nagara meM karate hae antima maMgalavAra ko eka godAna karanA bikhare hue haiM, hotI hai| vizvezvara athavA ziva isa nagarI caahie| maMgala dekhane meM sundara evaM pRthvI ke putra kahe ke rAjA hai| vizvezvara ke mukhya daivI nagararakSaka ( kota- jAte haiM tathA unakA uparyukta vrata saundarya, rUpa evaM dhana vAla ) bhaironAtha hai, jinakA mandira unake svAmI ke prApta karAtA hai| mandira se eka mIla se bhI adhika dUra uttara meM sthita bhaumavata-(1) bhaumavAra ko jaba svAtI nakSatra ho usa hai| vizvanAthajI ko AjJAnusAra ve devoM evaM mAnavoM para dina vratI ko naktapaddhati se AhAra karanA caahie| yaha zAsana karate hai, ve sabhI duSTAtmAoM se nagara kI rakSA krama sAta bAra calanA caahie| maGgala graha kI pratimA ke lie niyukta hai / ataH aise duSToM ko nagara se bAhara banavAkara use kisI tAmrapAtra meM sthApita kara tathA rakta karanA unakA kartavya hai| bhaironAtha apanI AjJAoM kA vastra se AcchAdita karake kesara kA aGgarAga ke samAna pAlana eka vizAla prastaragadA ( daNDa ) se karAte haiM, jo mUrti para lepa karanA cAhie / puSpa, naivedyAdi arpita karake cAra phuTa lambI hai evaM cA~dI se usakA UparI bhAga mar3hA kisI brAhmaNa ko pratimA dAna meM denI cAhie aura dete huA hai| isakI pUjA ravivAra tathA maMgalavAra ko hotI samaya nimnAMkita mantra kA uccAraNa karanA cAhie : hai / bhaironAtha zvAna ( kukkura ) kI savArI karate haiM, jo "yadyapi tvaM kujanmA asi tathApi prAjJAH tvAM 'maGgala' devamati ke sAmane mandira meM praveza karate hI dRSTigocara iti kthynti|" 'kUjanmA' zabda meM zleSa alaGkAra hai hotA hai| jisake do artha ho sakate haiM; amaMgalakArI dina meM utpanna bhogasaMkrAntivrata-saMkrAnti ke dina eka sAtha sadhavA striyoM evaM pRthvI se utpanna / maGgala kI bAhyAkRti rakta varNa kI hai ko unake patiyoM ke sAtha bulAkara unheM kesara, kAjala, ataeva tAmra, rakta varNa kA vastra tathA kesara jo usake varNa suramA, sindUra, puSpa, itra, tAmbUla, kapUra tathA phala pradAna ke anukUla haiM, prayukta kiye jAte haiN| karanA cAhie / taduparAnta unheM bhojana karAkara vastroM (2) maMgalavAra ko hI maGgala kA pUjana honA caahie| kA jor3A denA cAhie / eka varSa taka prati saMkrAnti ke prAtaHkAla maMgala ke nAmoM kA japa kiyA jAya (kula 21 dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / vrata ke anta meM sUrya nAma haiM, yathA, maMgala, kuja, lohita, sAmavediyoM ke pakSakI pUjA karake kisI aise brAhmaNa ko jau dAna karanA pAtI, yama Adi) aura tribhujAtmaka AkRti khIMcakara usake cAhie jisakI strI jIvita ho| isase vratI kalyANa madhya meM eka chidra banAkara kesara athavA rakta candana ke prApta karatA hai| lepa se pratyeka koNa para tIna nAma (Ara, vakra, kUja) bhogAvAptivrata-isa vrata meM jyeSTha mAsa kI pUrNimA ke aGkita kara diye jAya~ / bhAradvAja gotra meM ujjayinI nAmaka bAda pratipadA se tIna dina taka hari kA pUjana tathA palaGga prAcIna nagara meM maGgala kA janma huA thaa| unakA vAhana para bichAye jAne vAle vastroM kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai| meSa hai| yadi koI vyakti jIvanaparyanta isa vrata

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484 kA AcaraNa karatA hai to sukha-samRddhi, putra-pautrAdi prApta karake grahoM ke divya loka ko prApta hotA hai / . varSa kRtyadIpikA, 443-451 meM bhaumavAra vrata kA vizada vivecana milatA hai| de0 'bhaumavAravrata' / bhaumitaittirIya saMhitA (5.5,18,1) meM uddhRta azva medhayajJa kI balipazutAlikA kA eka pazu bhaumi hai| isakI pahacAna aba kaThina hai| bhrAtRdvitIyA - ( 1 ) kArtika zukla dvitIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / isakA nAma yamadvitIyA bhI hai, kyoMki prAcIna kAla meM yamunA ne apane bhAI yama ko isI dina bhojana karAyA thaa| kucha adhikArI granthoM, jaise kRtyatattva, 453; vratArka, vratarAja, 98 101 meM do kRtyoM kA sammilita vidhAna hI varNita hai yama kA pUjana tathA kisI bhI vyakti kA apanI bahina ke yahAM bhojana / (2) yama se sambaddha hone ke kAraNa yaha dina bhAI ke lie aniSTakArI bhI samajhA jAtA hai| ataH vizeSa kara uttara bhArata meM bahineM isa tithi ko apane bhAI ko yama kI dRSTi se bacAne ke lie jhUThA zApa dekara usako mRta ghoSita kara detI haiM / yaha yama ko dhokhA dene vAlA eka abhicAra kRtya hai| kaMTaka aura kuza tor3akara pratyeka zApa ke sAtha pheMkA jAtA hai / bhrUNahatyA --- (1) bhrUNahatyA ( garbha kI hatyA) eka prakAra kA pAtaka kahA gayA hai| isakA ullekha paravartI saMhitAoM (maMtrA0 [saM0 4.1 9 kA0 saM0 31.7 kapiSThala saMhitA) meM sabase bar3e aparAdha ke rUpa meM huA hai| isakA koI prAyazcita nahIM hai| isase pramANita hotA hai ki Alocaka vidvAnoM kA putrIvadha sambandhI mata kitanA bhramapUrNa hai| (2) vedapAThI brahmacArI bhI bhrUNa kahA gayA hai / ma ma--vyaJjana varNoM ke paJcama varga kA pA~cavA~ akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isakA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : makAraM zRNu cAGgi svayaM paramakuNDalI / taruNAdityasaMkAzaM caturvargapradAyakam || paJcadevamayaM varNaM paJcaprANamayaM sadA // tantrazAstra meM isake nimnAMkita nAma hai : bhaumi makarasaMkAnti makara ma kAlI klezitaH kAlo mahAkAlo mahAntakaH / vaikuNTho vasudhA candrI raviH puruSaH // kAlabhadro jayA medhA vizvadA doptasaMjJakaH / jaTharazca bhramA mAnaM lakSmIrmAtoprabandhanI // viSaM zivo mahAvIraH zaziprabhA janezvaraH / pramattaH priya rudraH sarvAGga vahnimaNDalam | mAtaGgamAlinI binduH zravaNA bharatho viyat / / - eka jalacara prANI, jo sthApatya evaM mUrtikalA meM zrRMgAropAdAna mAnA gayA hai| yajurveda saMhitA (10 5.5,13,1 maMtrA03. 14, 16 vAja0 24.36) meM uddhRta azvamegha yajJa ke pazuoM kI sUcI meM makara bhI ulli khita hai| makara gaGgA kA vAhana hai yaha atyanta kAmuka prANI hai, isalie kAmadeva kI dhvajA para kAma ke pratIka rUpa meM isakA aDUna hotA hai aura kAmadeva kA viruda 'makaradhvaja' hai / makarasaMkrAnti dhArmika anuSThAnoM evaM spohAroM meM makarasaMkrAnti bahuta hI mahatvapUrNa parva hai| 70 varSa pahale yaha 12 mA 13 janavarI ko hotI thI kintu aba kucha varSo se 13 yA 14 janavarI ko hone lagI hai / saMkrAntikA artha hai eka rAzi se usakI agrima rAzi meM sUrya kA prvesh| isa prakAra jaba dhanu rAzi se sUrya makara meM praveza karatA hai to makarasakrAnti hotI hai| isa prakAra 12 rAziyoM kI 12 saMkrAntiyA~ haiM / ye sabhI pavitra mAnI gayI haiM / makarasaMkrAnti se uttarAyaNa Arambha hone ke kAraNa isa saMkrAnti kA puNyaphala vizeSa mAnA gayA hai / - matsyapurANa ke anusAra saMkrAnti ke pahale dina dopahara ko kevala eka bAra bhojana karanA cAhie / saMkrAnti ke dina dA~toM ko zuddhakara tilamizrita jala meM snAna karanA caahie| phira pavitra evaM saMyamI brAhmaNa ko tIna pAtra (bhojanIya padArthoM se bharakara ) tathA eka gau yama, rudra evaM dharma ke nimitta dAna karanA caahie| dhanavAn vyakti ko vastra, AbhUSaNa, svarNaghaTa Adi bhI denA cAhie / nirdhana ko kevala phala-dAna karanA cAhie / tadanantara auroM ko bhojana karAne ke bAda svayaM bhojana karanA caahie| isa parva para gaGgA snAna kA bar3A mAhAtmya hai| saMkrAnti para devoM tathA pitaroM ko diye hue vAna ko bhagavAn sUrya dAtA ko aneka bhAvI janmoM meM lauTAte rahate haiM /

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makuTaAgama-maGgala 485 skandapurANa makarasakrAnti para tiladAna evaM godAna ko adhika mahattva pradAna karatA hai / makuTa Agama-yaha eka raudrika Agama hai / makha-Rgveda ke sandarbho meM (9.101,13) makha vyakti- vAcaka saMjJA ke rUpa meM prayukta hai, kintu yaha spaSTa nahIM hai ki vaha kauna vyakti thaa| sambhavataH yaha kisI daitya kA bodhaka / hai / anya saMhitAoM meM bhI makhAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM yaha uddhRta hai| isa kA artha brAhmaNoM meM bhI spaSTa nahIM hai (zata0 brA0 14.1,2,17) / paravartI sAhitya meM makha yajJa ke paryAya ke rUpa meM prayukta hotA rahA hai / / maga-viSNupurANa (bhAga 2.4,69-70) ke anusAra zAkadvIpI brAhmaNoM kA upanAma / pUrvakAla meM sIthiyA yA IrAna ke purohita 'magI' kahalAte the / bhaviSyapurANa ke brAhmaparva meM kathita hai ki kRSNa ke putra sAmba, jo kuSTharoga se grasta the, sUrya kI upAsanA se svastha hue the| kRtajJatA prakaTa karane ke lie unhoMne mulatAna meM eka sUryamandira bnvaayaa| nArada ke parAmarza se unhoMne zakadvIpa kI yAtrA kI tathA vahA~ se sUryamandira meM pUjA karane ke lie ve maga purohita le Aye / tadanantara yaha niyama banAyA gayA ki sUryapratimA kI sthApanA evaM pUjA maga purohitoM dvArA hI honI caahie| isa prakAra prakaTa hai ki maga zAkadvIpI aura sUryopAsaka brAhmaNa the| unhIM ke dvArA bhArata meM sUryadeva kI mUrtipUjA kA pracAra bar3hA / inakI mUla bhUmi ke sambandha meM de0 'magadha' / magadha-aisA pratIta hotA hai ki mUlataH magadha meM basanevAlI AryazAkhA maga thii| isIlie isa janapada kA nAma 'magadha' (magoM ko dhAraNa karanevAlA pradeza) pdd'aa| inhIM kI zAkhA IrAna meM gayI aura vahA~ se zakoM ke sAtha punaH bhArata vApasa aayii| yadi maga mUlataH videzI hote to bhArata kA pUrvadizA sthita pradeza unake nAma para ati prAcIna kAla se magadha nahIM kahalAtA / yaha eka jAti kA nAma hai, jisako vaidika sAhitya meM nagaNya mahattva prApta hai / atharvaveda (4.22,14) meM yaha uddhRta hai, jahA~ jvara ko gandhAra, mUjavanta (uttarI jAtiyoM) tathA aGga aura magadha ( pUrvI jAtiyoM ) meM bhejA gayA hai| yajurvedIya puruSamedha kI tAlikA meM atikruSTa (hallA karane vAlI) jAtiyoM meM magadha bhI hai| magadha ko vrAtyoM (patitoM) kA deza bhI kahA gayA hai| smRtiyoM meM 'mAgadha' kA artha magadha kA vAsI nahIM balki vaizya (pitA) tathA kSatriya (mAtA) kI santAna ko mAgadha kahA gayA hai| Rgveda meM magadha deza ke prati jo dhaNA kA bhAva pAyA jAtA hai vaha sambhavataH magadhoM kA prAcIna rUpa kIkaTa hone ke kAraNa hai| olDenavarga kA mata hai ki magadha deza meM brAhmaNadharma kA prabhAva nahIM thaa| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM bhI yahI kahA gayA hai ki kosala aura videha meM brAhmaNadharma mAnya nahIM thA tathA magadha meM inase bhI kama mAnya thA / vebara ne uparyukta ghRNA ke do kAraNa batalAye haiM; (1) magadha meM AdivAsiyoM ke rakta kI adhikatA (2) bauddhadharma kA pracAra / dUsarA kAraNa yajurveda yA atharvaveda ke kAla meM asambhava jAna par3atA hai, kyoMki usa samaya meM bauddha dharma pracalita nahIM thaa| isa prakAra olDenavarga kA mata hI mAnya ThaharatA hai ki vahA~ brAhmaNadharma apUrNa rUpa meM pracalita thaa| yaha saMbhava jAna par3atA hai ki kRSNaputra sAmba ke samaya meM athavA tatpazcAta Ane vAle kucha maga IrAna athavA pAthiyA se bhArata meM Aye hoN| parantu magadha ko atyanta prAcIna kAla meM yaha nAma dene vAle maga jana IrAna se nahIM Aye the, ve to prAcIna bhArata ke janoM meM se the| lagatA hai ki unakI eka bar3I saMkhyA kisI aitihAsika kAraNa se IrAna aura pazcimI eziyA meM pahu~cI, parantu vahA~ bhI usakA mUla bhAratIya nAma maga 'magI' ke rUpa meM surakSita rhaa| Aja bhI gayA ke Asa-pAsa maga brAhmaNoM kA jamAva hai, jahA~ zakoM kA prabhAva nahIM ke barAbara thaa| maGgala-(1) 'AtharvaNa pariziSTa' dvArA nirdiSTa tathA hemAdri, 2.626 dvArA uddhRta ATha mAMgalika vastue~, yathA brAhmaNa, gau, agni, sarSapa, zuddha navanIta, zamI vRkSa, akSata tathA yava / mahA0, droNaparva (82,20-22) meM mAGgalika vastuoM kI lambI sUcI prastuta kI gayI hai| vAyupurANa (14.36-37) meM katipaya mAGgalika vastuoM kA parigaNana kiyA gayA hai, jinakA yAtrA prArambha karane se pUrva sparza karane kA vidhAna hai-yathA dUrvA, zuddha navanIta dadhi, jalapUrNa kalaza, savatsA gau, vRSabha, suvarNa, mRttikA, gAya kA gobara, svastika, aSTa dhAnya, taila, madhu, brAhmaNa kanyAe~, zveta puSpa, zamI vRkSa, agni, sUryamaNDala, candana tathA pIpala vRkSa /

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486 maGgalacaNDikApUjA-maTha (2) maGgala eka graha kA nAma hai / tatsambandhI vrata suvAsinI-saMmAna, 16 dIpakoM se devI kI nIrAjanA aura ke lie de0 'bhaumavata' / rAtri ko jAgaraNa kA vidhAna hai / vaidhavya nivAraNa, putroM maGgalacaNDikApUjA-varSakRtyakaumudI (552.558) meM kI prApti tathA samasta kAmanAoM kI siddhi ke lie maGgalA isa vrata kI vistRta vidhi prastuta kI gayI hai| maGgala- kI prArthanA kI jAtI hai| dUsare divasa gaurIpratimA kA caNDikA' ko lalitakAntA bhI kahA jAtA hai| usakI visarjana hotA hai| pUjA kA mantra ( lalitagAyatrI) hai : maGgalASTaka-vrata ke lie nimantrita mahilAoM ko jo nArAyaNyai vidmahe tvAM caNDikAya tu dhImahi / ATha dravya vitarita kiye jAte haiM unheM maGgalASTaka kahate tanno lalitA kAntA tataH pazcAt pracodayAt // haiN| jaise kesara, namaka, gur3a, nAriyala, pAna, dUrvA, sindUra aSTamI tathA navamI ko devI kA pUjana honA caahie| tathA surmaa| vastra ke Tukar3e athavA kalaza para pUjA kI jAtI hai| jo maGgalyasaptamI athavA maGgalyavata-saptamI ke dina vargAkAra maGgalavAra ko isakI pUjA karatA hai usakI samasta maNDala banAkara usa para hari tathA lakSmI virAjamAna kiye manovAJchAe~ pUrI hotI haiN| jAte haiM, puSpAdi se unakI pUjA kI jAtI hai| mRttikA, maGgalacaNDI-maGgalavAra ke dina caNDo kA pUjana honaa| tAmra, rajata tathA suvarNa ke cAra pAtroM ko taiyAra rakhA cAhie, kyoMki sarva prathamazivajI ne aura maGgala ne jAtA hai tathA cAra miTTI ke kalaza, jo namaka, cInI, tila, inakI pUjA kI thii| sundarI nAriyA~ maGgalavAra ko sarva- pisI haldI se paripUrNa tathA vastroM se Dhake hoM, taiyAra rahate prathama inakI pUjA / karatI haiM bAda meM saubhAgyecchu sarva- haiM / ATha pativratA, sadhavA, putravatI nAriyA~ samAdRta kI sAdhAraNa caNDI kA pUjana karate haiM / jAtI haiM tathA unheM dAna-dakSiNA dekara sammAnita kiyA maGgaladIpikA-doya mahAcArya ke ziSya sudarzana guru ne jAtA hai / unhIM pativratAoM kI upasthiti meM bhagavAn hari mahAcArya kRta 'vedAntavijaya' kI 'maGgaladIpikA' nAmaka se maGgalya ( kalyANakArI jIvana ) ke lie pArthanA kI vyAkhyA likhI hai| yaha grantha kahIM prakAzita nahIM jAtI hai / tadanantara mahilAoM ko vidA kiyA jAtA hai / huA hai| aSTamI ko punaH hari kA pUjana tathA ATha mahilAoM kA maGgalavrata-Azvina, mAgha, caitra athavA zrAvaNa kRSNa pakSa / sammAna kara tathA brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara vrata kA kI aSTamI ko vaha vrata prArambha karake zukla pakSa kI pAraNa kiyA jAtA hai / isake pAlana se pratyeka jana cAhe aSTamI taka jArI rakhA jAtA hai| isameM aSTamI ko eka- vaha strI ho yA puruSa, rAjA ho yA raGka, apanI manaHbhakta paddhati se AhAra tathA kanyAoM aura devI ke bhaktoM kAmanAoM kI pUrti hote hue dekhatA hai / ko bhojana karAne kA vidhAna hai| navamI ko nakta, dazamI maJjUSA-(1) malaya dezavAsI varadaputra paNDita AnIya ko ayAcita tathA ekAdazI ko upavAsa vihita hai| ne zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra kA eka bhASya kiyA hai| isameM se isakI punaH do AvRttiyA~ honI caahie| prati dina dAna, naveM, dasaveM aura gyArahaveM adhyAya kA bhASya naSTa ho gayA upahAra, homa, japa, pUjA tathA kanyAoM ko bhojana hai / dAsa zarmA ne maJjaSA likhakara ina tIna adhyAyoM kA karAnA cAhie / bali, nRtya tathA nATaka karate hue rAtri- bhASya pUrA kiyA hai| jAgaraNa bhI karanA caahie| devI ke aThAraha nAmoM kA (2) zabdAdvaita ke udbhaTa pratipAdaka nAgeza bhaTTa satrahavIM japa bhI isameM vihita hai / zatAbdI meM hue haiN| inhoMne apane mata kA sarvAMgINa maGgalAgaurIvrata-vivAhoparAnta samasta vivAhita mahilAoM pratipAdana 'maJjUSA' nAmaka grantha (vaiyAkaraNa siddhAntaratnadvArA zrAvaNa mAsa meM prati maGgalavAra ko isa vrata kA maJjUSA) meM kiyA hai| Ayojana kiyA jAnA caahie| pA~ca varSa taka isakA maTha-chAtrAvAsa yA atithinivAsa / dhArmika sAdhu-santoM anuSThAna calatA hai / yaha vrata mahArASTra meM adhika pracalita ke nivAsa tathA bAlakoM ke zikSaNAlaya ke rUpa meM vibhinna hai / brata karane vAlI mahilAeM madhyAhna kAla meM mauna saMpradAyoM ke maTha banAye jAte haiM / ina maThoM meM kisI vizeSa dhAraNa karake bhojana karatI haiN| 16 prakAra ke puSpa, 16 sampradAya kA mandira, devamUrti, dhArmika, granthAgAra evaM

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maNidarpaNa-maNDUka 487 mahanta ( maThAdhIza ) aura aneka ziSya hote hai / maThoM ke ziSyatva grahaNa kara saMnyAsI ho gaye aura surezvarAcArya ke adhIna bhUmi, sampatti Adi bhI hotI hai, jisase unakA nAma se khyAta hue / saMnyAsI surezvara guru ke sAtha deza bhramaNa kharca calatA hai| sAtha hI maThoM ke gRhastha loga celA bhI karate rahe aura jaya zaGkara ne zRMgerI maTha kI sthApanA kI hote haiM jo pratyeka varSa una maThoM ko dAna dete haiN| taba unako vahA~ kA AcArya bnaayaa| zRMgerI maTha kI ___ maTha prAcIna bauddha vihAroM ke anukaraNa para bane jAna prAcIna paramparA se aisA jAna par3atA hai ki ve bahuta dinoM par3ate haiM, kyoMki buddha pUrva saMnyAsiyoM meM maTha banAne kI prathA nahIM thii| saMnyAsa grahaNa karane ke pUrva maNDana mizra ne ApastambIya maNidarpaNa-AcArya rAmAnuja racita eka grantha / maNDanakArikA, bhAvanAviveka aura kAzImokSanirNaya maNiprabhA-pataJjali ke yogadarzana kA 16vIM zatAbdI ke nAmaka granthoM kI racanA kI thii| saMnyAsa ke bAda inhoMne anta kA eka vyAkhyA grantha / isake racayitA govindAnanda taittirIyazrutivArtika, naiSkarmyasiddhi, iSTasiddhi yA svAsarasvatI ke ziSya rAmAnanda sarasvatI haiN| rAjyasiddhi, pazcIkaraNavAttika, bRhadAraNyakopaniSaddvAttika, maNimAn-zaGkarAcArya evaM madhvAcArya ke ziSyoM meM laghuvAttika, vAttikasAra aura vAttikasArasaMgraha Adi paraspara ghora pratispardhA vyApta rahatI thii| madhva apane ko grantha likhe / surezvarAcArya ne saMnyAsa lene ke bAda zAGkara vAyu kA avatAra kahate the tathA zaGkara ko mahAbhArata meM mata kA hI pracAra kiyA aura apane granthoM meM prAyaH usI uddhRta eka aspaSTa vyakti maNimAn kA avatAra mAnate mata kA samarthana kiyaa| the / madhva ne mahAbhArata kI vyAkhyA meM zaGkara kI maNDala-golAkAra yA koNAkAra cakra / zAkta matAvalambI utpatti sambandhI dhAraNA kA ullekha kiyA hai| madhva ke rahasyAtmaka yantroM tathA maNDaloM kA prayoga karate haiM, jo pazcAt unake eka praziSya paNDita nArAyaNa ne maNi- dhAtu ke patroM para citrita yA likhita hote haiM / kabhI-kabhI maJjarI evaM madhvavijaya nAmaka saMskRta granthoM meM madhva ghaToM para ye yantra evaM maNDala aMkita hote haiM / sAtha hI vaNita donoM avatAroM ( madhva ke vAyu avatAra evaM zaGkara aMguliyoM kI dhArmika mudrAe~, hAthoM ke dhArmika kAryarata ke maNimAn avatAra ) ke siddhAnta kI sthApanA gambhIratA saMketa (jise nyAsa kahate haiM) bhI ina pAtroM yA ghaToM para se kI hai| uparyata mAdhva granthoM ke virodha meM hI 'zaGkara- nirmita hote haiN| ye yantra, maNDala evaM mUdrAyeM devI ko divijaya' nAmaka grantha kI racanA huI jAna par3atI hai| usa pAtra meM Amantrita karane ke lie banAyI jAtI haiM / maNimaJjaro-mAdhva sampradAya kA eka viziSTa grantha / maNDalabrAhmaNa upaniSad-yaha paravartI upaniSad hai / racanAkAla 1417 vi0 hai / kRSNasvAmI ayyara ne isakA maNDaka-varSAkAlika jalacara, jisakI Tarra-Tarra dhvani kI saMkSipta kathAsAra likhA hai / de0 'mnnimaan'| tulanA bAlakoM ke vedapATha se kI jAtI hai| saMbhavataH maNimAlikA-appaya dIkSita racita laghu pustikA / zava isIlie eka vedazAkhAkAra RSi isa nAma se prasiddha the / viziSTAdvaita para haradatta prabhUti AcAryoM ke siddhAnta kA RgvedIya prasiddha maNDUkaRcA (7.103 tathA a0 veda anusaraNa karanevAlA yaha eka nibandha hai| 4.15,12) meM brAhmaNoM kI tulanA maNDUkoM kI varSAkAlIna maNDana bhaTTa-AzvalAyana zrautasUtra ke gyAraha bhASyakAroM dhvani se kI gayI hai, jaba ye punaH varSA Rtu ke Agamana meM se maNDanabhaTTa bhI eka haiN| ke sAtha kAryarata jIvana Arambha karane ke lie jAga par3ate maNDana mizra-narmadA taTavartI prAcIna mAhiSmatI nagarI ke haiM / kucha vidvAnoM ne isa RcA ko varSA kA jAdU mantra nivAsI mImAMsaka vidvAn / maNDana mizra apane samaya ke mAnA hai| jala se sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa meDhaka ThaMDA sabase baDe karmakANDI the, unake guru kumArila bhaTTa ne hI karane kA guNa rakhate haiM, etadartha mRtaka ko jalAne ke zaGkarAcArya ko maNDana mizra ke pAsa zAstrArtha karane ke pazcAt zItalatA ke lie maNDUkoM ko Amantrita karate haiM lie bhejA thaa| (Rgveda 10.16,14) / atharvaveda meM maNDUka ko zaGkarAcArya ne maNDana mizra ko zAstrArtha meM parAsta jvarAgni ko zAnta karane ke lie Amantrita kiyA gayA kiyA / maNDana mizra zAstrArtha kI zarta ke anusAra unakA hai (7.116) /

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488 maNDUkIyakathA-mathurA maNDUkIya kathA-Rgveda ke pariziSTa brAhmaNa grantha meM maNDUka tripurAsura ke sAtha bhagavAn zaGkara ke yuddha kA vistRta yA maNDakIya kI kathA milatI hai| maNr3akiyoM kI kathA varNana isameM pAyA jAtA hai / pitaroM kA varNana bhI vistAra RkprAtizAkhya meM bhI hai| se milatA hai| vratoM kA varNana adhika vistAra se 55-102 mataGga upAgama-yaha paramezvara Agama para Azrita eka adhyAyoM meM hai| prayAga (103-112 a0), kAzI (180upAgama hai| 185 adhyAya) aura narmadA (187 se 194 a0) ke matasahiSNutA-mata sahiSNutA hindutva kI vizeSatA hai| bhaugolika varNana aura mAhAtmya donoM pAye jAte haiN| yaha sarvadharmasAmya meM vizvAsa rakhatA hai| vAstava meM matsya purANa kI kaI vizeSatAe~ haiN| pahalI vizeSatA yaha bhAratIya dharma paramparA matasahiSNutA ke Upara TikI huI hai ki isameM sabhI purANoM kI viSayAnukramaNI dI gayI hai| isameM dhArmika samatA athavA sabhI dharmoM ke saha hai| dUsarI vizeSatA RSiyoM kA vaMza varNana hai| tIsarI astitva kA bhAva nihita hai| vizeSatA rAjadharma kA vizada varNana hai| cauthI vizeSatA matasArArthasaMgraha-appaya dIkSita racita vedAnta viSaya kA pratimAlakSaNa arthAta vibhinna devatAoM kI mUrtiyoM ke grantha / isameM zrIkaNTha, zaGkara, rAmAnuja, madhva prabhRti nirmANa kA vidhAna hai| AcAryoM ke matoM kA saMkSipta paricaya karAyA gayA hai| matsyAvatAra-viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM se matsyAvatAra matimAnuSa-rAmAnujAcArya racita eka grantha / prathama hai| isakA AvirbhAva pralaya kAla meM sRSTibIjoM kI matsyajayantI-caitra zukla paMcamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna rakSA ke nimitta hotA hai, kyoMki naimittika pralaya meM hotA hai / isI dina bhagavAn matsya ke rUpa meM avatarita samasta sRSTi jalamagna ho jAtI hai / de0 taittirIya saMhitA hue the| isalie bhagavAn viSNu kI matsyAvatAra rUpiNI 7.1.5.1 / / pratimA kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| matsyendranAtha-haThayoga ke viziSTa puraskartA AcArya matsyadvAdazI-mArgazIrSa zukla dazamI ko isa vrata ke (mchndrnaath)| ye nAtha sampradAya ke prathama AcArya AdipUrva niyamoM kA pAlana tathA ekAdazI ko upavAsa karanA nAtha ke ziSya the / itihAsavettA AdinAtha kA samaya cAhie / dvAdazI ke dina vratI ko mantrocAraNa karate hae vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI mAnate haiM tathA gorakSanAtha mRttikA lAnI caahie| use Aditya ko samarpita kara dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrva utpanna kahe jAte haiN| isalie zarIra para lagAkara snAna karanA caahie| isameM nArAyaNa AdinAtha ke ziSya evaM gorakSanAtha ke guru matsyendranAtha ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| cAra jalapUrNa, puSpayukta kalazoM kI sthiti AThavIM zatAbdI (vikrama) kA anta yA navIM ko tilapUrNa pAtroM se AcchAdita kara cAra samudroM kA chAdita kara cAra samudrI kA zatAbdI kA prArambha mAnA jA sakatA hai| nepAla ke loga unameM AvAhana karanA caahie| suvarNa kI matsyAvatAra adhikAMzataH matsyendranAtha tathA gorakSanAtha ke bhakta haiN| rUpiNI pratimA banAkara usakA pUjana kiyA jAnA caahie| matsyendranAtha (pATana)-goMDA jile meM pATana athavA devIpATana rAtrijAgaraNa karanA cAhie / anta meM cAroM kalazoM kA nAmaka sthAna prasiddha devIpITha hai| isameM bahuta se prAcIna brAhmaNoM ko dAna karanA caahie| isase gambhIra pApoM tathA navIna mandira haiM, jinameM bauddha mandira bhI hai| kA bhI nAza ho jAtA hai| matsyendranAtha kiMvA mInanAtha kA mandira ati AkarSaka matsyapurANa-yaha zaiva purANa hai| isakI zloka saMkhyA hai / yaha zivAlaya ke DhaMga kA hai / isakI camaka-damaka bahuta nAradIya purANa ke anusAra paMdraha hajAra hai / kintu revA- hI nirAlI hai| pAsa meM stupAkAra mandira hai / bar3e-bar3e mAhAtmya, zrImadbhAgavata, brahmavaivarta purANa aura svayaM vRkSoM se isakI zobhA bar3ha jAtI hai| yahA~ kA zrIrAdhAmatsyapurANa ke anusAra yaha saMkhyA caudaha hajAra hai / matsya- mandira bhI AkarSaka hai| mandiroM meM bhAratIya muslima purANa ko maulika aura sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai| sthApatya kA mizraNa pAyA jAtA hai / / isameM 290 adhyAya hai tathA antima adhyAya sapUrNa matsya- mathurA-vaiSNava hindU bhaktoM kA pavitra tIrthasthAna / isake purANa kA sUcIpatra hai| sambandha meM koI vaidika uddharaNa nahIM milatA / phira bhI matsyAvatAra kA varNana isa purANa kA mukhya viSaya hai| IsA ke lagabhaga pA~ca sau varSa pUrva se hI isakA mAhAtmya

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mathurA 489 rahA hai| pANini tathA kAtyAyana ne isakA ullekha kiyA hai| pataJjali ke mahAbhASya meM vAsudeva ke dvArA kaMsa-vadha hone kI carcA kI gayI hai| Adiparva (221.46) meM mathurA kI prasiddhi gAyoM ke saMdarbha meM cacita hai / vAyu purANa (88.185) ke anusAra bhagavAn rAma ke anuja zatrughna ne madhu nAmaka rAkSasa ke putra lavaNAsura kA vadha isI sthala para kiyA aura taduparAnta mathurA nagara kI sthApanA kii| rAmAyaNa (uttara kANDa 70.6-9) se vidita hotA hai ki mathurA ko sundara tathA samRddha banAne meM zatrughna ko bAraha varSa lage the| ghaTa jAtaka meM mathurA ko 'uttara mathurA' kahA gayA hai| kaMsa aura vAsudeva kI kathA bhI mahAbhArata tathA purANoM meM thor3e-thor3e antara ke sAtha milatI hai / hvenasAMga kA kathana hai ki usake samaya meM vahA~ azokarAja dvArA banavAye gaye tIna bauddha stUpa, pA~ca bar3e mandira tathA 20 saMghArAma 2000 bauddha bhikSuoM se bhare hue the| matharA ke dhArmika mAhAtmya kA ullekha purANoM meM milatA hai / agnipurANa (11.8-9) se yaha Azcaryajanaka sUcanA milatI hai ki rAma kI AjJA se bharata ne mathurA nagara meM zailaSa ke tIna karor3a putroM ko mAra DAlA thaa| lagabhaga 2000 varSoM se mathurApurI kRSNa upAsanA tathA bhAgavata dharma kA kendra rahI hai / varAhapurANa meM mathurA tathA isake avAntara tIrthoM ke mAhAtmya ke sambandha meM sahasroM zloka milate haiN| purANoM meM kRSNa, rAdhA, mathurA, vRndAvana, govardhana Adi kA prabhuta mAtrA meM ullekha milatA hai / padmapurANa (Adi khaNDa 29.46-47) ke anusAra mathurA se yukta yamunA mokSa detI hai| varAha purANa ke anusAra viSNu (kRSNa) ko saMsAra meM mathurA se adhika priyasthala koI bhI nahIM hai, kyoMki yaha unakI janmabhUmi hai / yaha manuSya mAtra ko mukti pradAna karatI hai (152. 8-11)-harivaMza purANa (viSNu parva 57.2-3) meM mathurA ko lakSmI kA nivAsa sthAna tathA kRSi-utpAdana kA pramukha sthala kahA gayA hai| mathurA kA parimaNDala 20 yojana mAnA gayA hai / usake madhya sarvottama mathurApurI avasthita hai (nAradIya uttara, 78. 20-21) / mathurA ke bAhyAntara sthaloM meM aneka tIrtha haiM / unameM se kucha pramukha tIrthoM kA vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jaaygaa| ve haiM madhu, tAla, kumuda, kAmya, bahula, bhadra, khAdira, mahAvana, lohajaMgha, vitva, bhAnDira aura vRndAvana / isake atirikta 24 upavanoM kA bhI ullekha yatra-tatra milatA hai para purANoM meM nahIM / vRndAvana mathurA ke pazcimottara 5 yojana meM vistRta thaa| (viSNu purANa 5.6.28-40 tathA nAradIya uttarArddha ( 80.6,8 aura 77 ) / yaha zrIkRSNa ke gocAraNa krIr3A kI sthalI thii| ise padmapurANa meM pRthvI para vaikuNTha kA eka bhAga mAnA gayA hai| matsya0 (13.38 ) rAdhA kA vRndAvana meM devI dAkSAyaNI ke nAma se ullekha karatA hai| varAhapurANa (164.1 ) meM govardhana parvata mathurA se do yojana pazcima batAyA gayA hai / yaha aba prAyaH 15 mIla dUra hai / kUrma0 (1.14-18) ke anusAra prAcIna kAla meM mahArAja pRthu ne yahA~ tapasyA kI thii| purANoM meM mathurA se sambaddha kucha vivaraNa bhrAmaka bhI haiN| udAharaNArtha harivaMza (viSNuparva 13.3 ) meM tAlavana govardhana ke uttara yamunA taTa para batAyA gayA hai, jabaki yaha govardhana ke dakSiNa-pUrva meM sthita hai| gokula vahI hai jise mahAvana kahA gayA hai / janma ke samaya zrI kRSNa isI sthala para nanda gopa ke ghara meM lAye gaye the / taduparAnta kaMsa ke bhaya se unhoMne sthAna parivartana kara diyA aura vRndAvana meM rahane lge| mahAvIra aura baddha ke samaya meM bhI mathurA dhArmika tIrtha ke rUpa meM prasiddha thii| yUnAnI lekhakoM ne likhA hai ki yahA~ hayUlija (kRSNa) kI pUjA hotI thii| zaka-kSatrapoM, nAgoM aura guptoM ke samaya ke bahatere dhArmika avazeSa yahA~ pAye gaye haiN| musalima vidhvaMsakAriyoM ke AkramaNa ke bAda bhI mathurA jIvita rhii| 16vIM zatAbdI meM mathurA aura vRndAvana punaH viSNubhakti sAdhanA ke kendra ho gaye the| vRndAvana caitanya bhakti-sAdhanA kA kendra bana gayA thaa| yahA~ ke gosvAmiyoM meM sanAtana, rUpa, jIva, gopAla bhaTTa, aura harivaMza kI acchI khyAti huii| caitanya mahAprabhu ke samasAmayika svAmI vallabhAcArya ne prAcIna gokula ke anukaraNa para mahAvana se eka mIla dakSiNa navIna gokUla kI sthApanA kI aura use apanI bhakti-sAdhanA kA kendra banAyA / auraMgajeba ne matharA ke prAcIna mandiroM ko dhvasta kara ke usI sthiti ko pahu~cA diyA jisa sthiti ko kAzI ke maMdiroM ko pahu~cAyA thaa| itanA hone para bhI mathurA ke mAhAtmya meM nyUnatA nahIM aayii| sabhAparva (319,23-25) ke anusAra kaMsa-vadha kupita se

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490 mathurAnAtha-madhu hokara jarAsaMgha ne girivraja (magadha) se apanI gadA pheMkI kalaza kA dAna karake, brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara tathA thI, jo mathurA meM zrIkRSNa ke sAmane girii| jahA~ vaha dakSiNA dekara yajamAna svayaM namaka rahita bhojana kre| trayogirI usa sthala ko gadAvasAna kahA gayA hai| para isakA dazI ke dina upavAsa, dvAdazI ko kevala eka phala khAkara ullekha anyatra kahIM nahIM miltaa| bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA aura unhIM ke sammukha khAlI mathurAnAtha-solahavIM zatAbdI ke anta ke eka vaMgadezastha bhUmi para zayana karanA caahie| yaha krama eka varSa taka naiyAyika / inhoMne gaGgeza upAdhyAya racita tattvacintA- calanA cAhie / varSa ke anta meM eka gau tathA vastra dAna maNi nAmaka tArkika grantha para tattvAloka-rahasya nAmaka dekara sapheda tiloM se havana karanA caahie| isa vrata ke bhASya likhaa| inakA anya nAma 'mathurAnAthI' bhI hai| AcaraNa se manuSya samasta pApoM se mukta hokara putra, pautra, mathurAnAthI-de0 'mathurAnAtha' / mathurAnAtha ke nAma se / Rddhi-siddhiyoM ko prApta karatA huA bhagavAn viSNu meM naiyAyikoM kA eka sampradAya calA, jo mathurAnAthI kaha- lIna ho jAtA hai| lAtA hai| madanamahotsava-caitra zukla trayodazI ko isa vrata kA anumayurApradAkSaNA-mathurA kA parikramA dhAmika kriyA hai| SThAna hotA hai / madhyAhna kAla meM kAmadeva kI mUrti athavA isI prakAra mathurAmaNDala ke anyAnya pavitrasthala-vRndAvana, citra kA nimnAMkita mantra se pUjana karanA cAhie / "namaH govardhana, gokula Adi kI pradakSiNA bhI parama pAvana mAnI kAmAya devAya, deva devAya mUrtaye / brahma-viSNu-surezAnAM jAtI hai| bhArata kI sAta pavitra puriyoM meM se eka mathurA manaH kSobha karAya vai / ' miSThAnna khAdya padArtha pratimA ke bhI hai sammukha rakhanA cAhie / gau kA jor3A dAna meM diyA jaay| kArtika zukla navamI ko yaha pradakSiNA kI jAtI hai| patniyA~ apane patiyoM kA, kAmadeva kA rUpa samaya kara mathurAmAhAtmya-rUpagosvAmI dvArA saMskArita-saMpAdita pUjana kreN| rAtri ko jAgaraNa, nRtyotsava, rozanI tathA mathurAmAhAtmya varAha purANa kA eka bhAga hai / isameM mathurA nATakAdi kA Ayojana kiyA jAnA caahie| yaha prati aura vRndAvana tathA unake samIpavartI sabhI pavitra sthAnoM varSa kiyA jAnA caahie| isa AcaraNa se vratI zoka, ke varNana haiN| santApa tathA rogoM se mukta hokara kalyANa, yaza tathA madanacaturdazI-yaha kAmadeva kA vrata hai / isa caturdazI ko sampatti prApta karatA hai| 'madanabhaJjI' bhI kahA jAtA hai| caitra zukla caturdazI ko madurA-dakSiNa bhArata (tamilanADu) kA prasiddha tIrtha sthAna isakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai / isameM kAmadeva kI santuSTi jise dakSiNa kI mathurA kahate haiN| draviDa sthApatya kI ke lie gIta, nRtya tathA zRGgArika zabdoM se unakA pUjana sundara kRtiyoM se zobhita mandira yahA~ vartamAna haiM / hotA hai| caudahavIM zatAbdI se aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke bIca madanatrayodazI-dekhie 'anaGgatrayodazau' tathA 'kAmadeva dakSiNa bhArata meM race gaye zaiva sAhitya meM do sthAnIya trayodazI' / kRtyaratnAkara, 137 (brahmapurANa ko uddhRta dhArmika kathAsaMgraha ati prasiddha hai / isa bIca parajjoti ne karate hae) kahatA hai ki samasta trayodaziyoM ko kAmadeva 'tiruvilaAdatapurANam' tathA kAJjIappara evaM unake guru kI pUjA kI jAnI caahie| zivajJAna yogI ne 'kAJcIpurANam' rcaa| prathama grantha madanadvAdazI-caitra zukla dvAdazI ko isa tithivata kA anu- madurA ke tathA dvitIya kAjIvaram ke laukika dharma-kathASThAna hotA hai / tA~be kI taztarI meM gur3a, khAdya padArtha tathA nakoM kA pratinidhitva karatA hai| ye donoM grantha bahuta suvarNa rakhakara jala, akSata tathA phaloM se paripUrNa lokapriya haiN| kalaza ke Upara sthApita kara denA cAhie tathA kAmadeva madhu-koI bhI khAdya yA peya mIThA padArtha / vizeSa kara peya aura usakI patnI rati kI AkRtiyA~ banA denI caahie| ke lie yaha zabda Rgveda meM vyavahRta hai| spaSTa rUpa se inake sammukha khAdya padArtha rakhakara premapUrNa gIta gAne __ yaha soma athavA dugdha tathA inase kama zahada ke lie vyavahRta cAhie / bhagavAn hari kI mUrti ko kAmadeva samajha kara hai / (R0 8.4,8 / yahA~ 'sAradha' vizeSaNa dvArA artha snAna karA kara pUjana karanA caahie| dUsare dina usa ko spaSTa kiyA gayA hai|) paravartI sAhitya meM

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madhu-madhusUdana sarasvatI - madhukA artha zahada hI sabase adhika nizcita hai| madhuparka kA upayoga pUjana, zrAddha Adi dhArmika kRtyoM meM hotA hai / madhupe - (pike vaMzaja) zatapaya0 (11.7.28) tathA kauSItaki upaniSadoM ( 16.9) meM uddhRta madhu eka AcArya kA nAma hai| madhubrAhmaNa madhubrAhmaNa kisI rahasyapUrNa siddhAnta kI upAdhi hai, jisakA ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa ( 4.1, 5, 18, 14.1.4, 13) tathA bRha0 upa0 (2.5,16) meM huA hai| madhura kavi - tamila vaiSNavoM meM bAraha AlavAroM ke nAma bar3e sammAnapUrvaka smaraNa kiye jAte haiN| inake paramparAgata krama meM madhurakavi kA chaThAM sthAna hai / de0 'AlavAra' | madhuratraya-- tIna vastue~ madhura nAma se prasiddha haiM - ghRta, madhu aura zarkarA / vratarAja, 16, ke anusAra ghRta, dugdha tathA madhu madhuratraya kahalAte haiN| pUjopacAra meM inakA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai / 1 madhuvana -- vrajamaNDala ke bAraha vanoM meM prathama vrajaparikramA ke antargata bhI yaha sarvaprathama AtA hai| yaha sthAna mathurA se 4-mIla dUra hai yahA~ kRSNakuNDa tathA caturbhuja, kumAra kalyANa aura dhruva ke mandira haiN| lavaNAsura kI guphA aura vallabhASAyaNI kI baiThaka hai| yahA~ bhAdrakRSNa 11 ko melA lagatA hai / madhuzrAvaNI - ' kRtyasArasamuccaya' ( pR0 10) ke anusAra zrAvaNa zukla tRtIyA ko manudhAvaNI kahate haiM / madhusUdana pUjA zAkha zukla dvAdazI ko isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / isameM bhagavAn viSNu kA pUjana vihita hai / vratI isa vrata se agniSToma yajJa kA phala prApta karatA huA candraloka meM nivAsa karatA hai / madhusUdana sarasvatI - advaita sampradAya ke pradhAna AcAya aura grantha lekhaka inake guru kA nAma vizvezvara sarasvatI aura janma sthAna baGgadeza thA / ye pharIdapura jile ke koTalipAr3A grAma ke nivAsI the / vidyAdhyayana ke anantara ye kAzI meM Aye aura yahAM ke pramukha paNDitoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyA / isa prakAra vidvanmaNDalI meM sarvatra inakI kIrtikaumudI phailane lagI / isI samaya inakA pari caya vizvezvara sarasvatI se huA aura unhIM kI preraNA se ye daNDI saMnyAsI ho gaye / madhusUdana sarasvatI mugala samrATa zAhajahA~ ke samakAlIna the| kahate haiM ki inhoMne mAdhya paMDita rAmarAja svAmI ke 491 grantha 'nyAyAmRta' kA khaNDana kiyA thaa| isase cir3hakara unhoMne apane ziSya vyAsa rAmAcArya ko madhusUdana sarasvatI ke pAsa vedAntazAstra kA adhyayana karane ke lie bhejaa| vyAsa rAmAcArya ne vidyA prApta kara phira madhusUdana svAmI ke ho mata kA khaNDana karane ke liye 'taraGgiNI' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / isase brahmAnanda sarasvatI Adi ne asantuSTa hokara taraGgiNI kA khaNDana karane ke lie 'laghucandrikA' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / madhusUdana sarasvatI bar3e bhArI yogI the| vIrasiMha nAmaka eka rAjA kI santAna nahIM thI / usane svapna meM dekhA ki madhusUdana nAmaka eka yati haiM aura unakI sevA se putra avazya hogA / tadanusAra rAjA ne madhusUdana kA patA lagAnA prArambha kiyaa| kahate haiM ki usa samaya madhusUdana jI. eka nadI ke kinAre bhUmi ke andara samAdhisva the / rAjA khojate khojate vahA~ pahu~cA / svapna ke rUpa se milatejulate eka tejaHpUrNa mahAtmA samAdhistha dIkha par3e / rAjA ne unheM pahacAna liyA / vahA~ rAjA ne eka mandira banavA diyA kahA jAtA hai ki isa ghaTanA ke tIna varSa bAda madhusUdanajI kI samAdhi ttuuttii| isase unakI yoga siddhi kA patA lagatA hai kintu ve itane virakta the ki samAdhi khulane para usa sthAna ko aura rAjA pradatta mandira aura yoga ko chor3a kara tIrthATana ke lie cala diye / madhusUdana ke vidyAguru advaitasiddhi ke antima ullekhAnusAra mAdhava sarasvatI the / inake race hue nimnalikhita grantha bahuta prasiddha hai 1. siddhAntavindu yaha zaGkarAcArya kRta dazazlokI kI vyAkhyA hai usapara brahmAnanda sarasvatI ne ratnAvalI nAmaka nibandha likhA hai / 2. saMkSepa zArIraka vyAkhyA - yaha sarvajJAtmamuni kRta 'saMkSepa zArIraka' kI TIkA hai| 2. advaitasiddhi yaha advaita siddhAnta kA ati ucca koTi kA grantha hai / 4. advaitaratna rakSaNa isameM dvaitavAda kA khaNDana karate hue advaitavAda kI sthApanA kI gayI hai| --- 5. vedAntakalpalatikA - yaha bhI vedAnta grantha hI hai / 6. gUDhArthadIpikA - yaha zrImadbhagavadgItA kI vistRta TIkA hai| ise gItA kI sarvottama vyAkhyA kaha sakate haiN| 7. prasthAnabheda--- isameM saba zAstroM kA sAmaJjasya

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492 mabhyadeza-madhyasampradAya karake unakA advaita meM tAtparya dikhalAyA gayA hai| yaha diyA / antima grantha ( bhAgavata purANa ) inake dhArmika nibandha saMkSipta hone para bhI adbhuta pratibhA kA dyotaka hai| jIvana para chA gyaa| prazikSaNa ke pUrNa hone ke pahale hI 8. mahimnastotra kI TIkA-isameM suprasiddha mahimna- ye zAGkara mata se alaga ho gaye / aura apanA dvaitavAdI stotra ke pratyeka zloka kA ziva aura viSNu ke pakSa meM siddhAnta sthApita kiyA jo pradhAnatayA bhAgavata purANa para vyAkhyArtha kiyA gayA hai| isase unake asAdhAraNa vidyA Adhuta thaa| inake aneka anuyAyI udbhaTa vidvAn ho gaye haiN| kauzala kA patA lagatA hai| inakA dhArmika siddhAnta rAmAnuja se bahuta kucha milatA9. bhakti rasAyana-yaha bhakti sambandhI lakSaNa grantha julatA hai kintu darzana spaSTataH dvaitavAdI hai| ve bar3I hai / advaitavAda ke pramukha stambha hote hue bhI ve ucca koTi tIkSNatA se jIva evaM Izvara kA bheda karate haiM aura isa prakAra ke kRSNabhakta the, yaha isa racanA se siddha hai / zaGkara se viSNu svAmI ko chor3akara anya vedAntiyoM kI madhUkavrata-phAlguna zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna apekSA atyanta dUra khar3e ho jAte haiN| IzvaravAda ke sivA hotA hai / usa dina mahilAeM upavAsa karake madhUka vRksspr| inakA siddhAnta bahuta kucha bhAgavata sampradAya ke samAna hai| gaurI pUjana karatI haiM aura unase apane saubhAgya, santAna, inake dharma cintana kA kendra kRSNa kI bhaktipUrNa upAsanA vaidhavya ke nivAraNa kI prArthanA karatI haiN| sadhavA hai jaisA ki bhAgavata kI zikSA hai| kintu rAdhA kA nAma brAhmaNiyoM ko bulAkara unheM puSpa, sugandhita dravya, vastra isa sampradAya meM nahIM liyA jAtA hai| yahA~ sabhI avatAroM tathA svAdiSTha khAdya padArtha dekara unakA sammAna kiyA kA Adara hai| mAdhva sampradAya meM ziva ke sAtha pAMca mukhya jAtA hai| isake AcaraNa se susvAsthya tathA saundarya kI devatAoM ( paJcAyatana ) kI pUjA bhI mAnya hai| AcArya upalabdhi hotI hai / bhaviSyottara purANa (16.1-16) meM / madhva ke pramukha grantha vedAntasUtra kA bhASya tathA anukhyAna ise madhUka tRtIyA nAma se sambodhita kiyA gayA hai| haiM / inake atirikta aneka grantha inhoMne race jinameM mukhya madhyadeza-manusmRti (2.21) ke anusAra madhyadeza (bIca hai-gItAbhASya, bhAgavata tAtparya nirNaya, mahAbhArata tAtparya ke deza) kI sImA uttara meM himAlaya, dakSiNa meM vindhyA nirNaya, dazopaniSadoM para bhASya, tantrasAra saMgraha Adi / cala, pazcima meM vinazana (rAjasthAna kI marubhUmi meM sara madhvatantramukhamardana-apyaya dIkSita kRta yaha grantha zaivamata svatI ke lupta hone kA sthAna) tathA pUrva meM gaGgA-yamunA ke viSayaka hai| isameM madhva siddhAnta kA khaNDana kiyA saGgama sthala prayAga taka vistRta hai| vAstava meM yaha madhya gayA hai| deza AryAvarta kA madhya bhAga hai| 'madhyadeza' zabda vaidika madhvabhASya-de0 'madhva' / saMhitAoM meM nahIM milatA hai / parantu aitareya brAhmaNa meM / madhvavijaya-madhvAcArya ke eka praziSya zrI nArAyaNa ne isakI jhalaka milatI hai / isameM kuru, paJcAla, vatsa tathA AcArya kI mRtyu ke pazcAt do saMskRta grantha 'maNimaJjarI' uzInara deza ke loga basate the| Age calakara antima do evaM 'madhvavijaya' likhe| inameM do avatAroM kA siddhAnta vaMzoM kA lopa ho gayA aura madhyadeza mukhyataH kuru-paJcAloM bhalI-bhA~ti sthApita huA hai| prathama grantha ke anusAra kA deza bana gayA / bauddha sAhitya ke anusAra madhyadeza zaGkara maNimAn nAmaka (mahAbhArata meM varNita) vizeSa deva pazcima meM sthUNa (thAnezvara) se lekara pUrva meM jaMgala (rAja __ ke avatAra tathA dUsare grantha ke anusAra madhvAcArya vAyudeva mahala kI pahAr3iyoM) taka vistRta thA / / ke avatAra the| madhva-mAdhva vaiSNava sampradAya ke pravartaka madhva athavA madhvasampradAya-madhvAcArya dvArA sthApita yaha sampradAya bhAgamadhvAcArya the| jo dakSiNa karNATaka ke udIpI nAmaka ___vata purANa para AdhRta hone vAlA pahalA sampradAya hai| isakI sthAna meM utpanna hue the / inhoMne terahavIM zatAbdI ke __ sthApanA terahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika dazakoM meM huii| prArambha meM apane sampradAya kI sthApanA kii| bAlyAvasthA madhva kI mRtyu ke 50 varSa bAda jayatIrtha isa sampradAya ke meM hI ye saMnyAsI ho gaye tathA prathama zAGkaramata kI dIkSA pramukha AcArya hue| inake bhASya, jo madhva ke granthoM para race grahaNa kii| vedAnta sambandhI granthoM ke atirikta inhoMne gaye haiM, sampradAya ke sammAnita grantha haiN| caudahavIM zatAbdI aitareyopaniSad, mahAbhArata tathA bhAgavata purANa para dhyAna ke uttarArdha meM viSNupurI nAmaka mAdhva saMnyAsI ne bhAgavata ke

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madhvasiddhAntasAra-manu bhakti viSayaka sundara sthaloM ko cunakara 'bhaktiratnAvalI' ke pravartaka) dvArA viracita eka grantha manaviraktakarana maka grantha likhaa| yaha bhAgavata bhakti kA sarvazreSTha paricaya gu-kA hai / isameM unake jJAnopadezoM kA saMgraha hai| detA hai / loriya kRSNadAsa ne isakA baMgalA meM anuvAda manas-sAMkhya darzana ke siddhAntAnusAra prakRti se mahat kiyA hai| athavA buddhi (vyakti kI vicAra evaM nizcaya karane vAlI zakti) kI utpatti hotI hai| isa tattva se ahaGkAra kI eka paravartI mAdhva santa IzvarapurI ne caitanyadeva ko utpatti hotI hai| phira ahaGkAra se manas kI utpatti hotI isa saMpradAya meM dIkSita kiyaa| isa naye netA (caitanya) ne mAdhva mata kA apanI dakSiNa kI yAtrA meM acchA pracAra hai / yaha sUkSma aMga vyakti ko samajhane kI zakti detA hai kiyA (1509-11) / unhoMne mAvoM ko apanI zikSA tathA buddhi ko vastuoM ke sambandha meM prApta kiye gaye jJAna evaM bhaktipUrNa gItoM se protsAhita kiyaa| inhoMne ukta kI sUcanA detA hai / yaha buddhi dvArA nirNIta vicAroM kA sampradAya meM sarvaprathama saMkIrtana evaM nagara-kIrtana kA pracAra pAlana karmendriyoM dvArA karAtA hai| vaizeSika darzana ke kiyA / caitanyadeva kI dakSiNa yAtrA ke kucha hI dinoM bAda anusAra navadravyoM meM manas navAM dravya hai| isake dvArA kannaDa bhASA meM gIta racanA AraMbha hii| kannaDa gAyaka AtmA jJAnendriyoM dvArA prApta jJAna ke samparka meM AtA hai / bhaktoM meM mukhya the purandaradAsa / prasiddha mAdhva vidvAn pAJcarAtra ke vyUhasiddhAnta meM pradyumna ko manas tattva kahA vyAsarAja caitanya ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne aneka grantha / gayA hai| likhe jo Aja bhI paThana-pAThana meM prayukta hote haiN| manasA-zakti ke aneka rUpoM meM se manasA nAmaka devI kI aThAravIM zatAbdI meM kRSNabhakti viSayaka gIta va stutiyoM pUjA baMgAla meM bahuta pracalita hai| inakI prazaMsA ke gIta kI racanA kannaDa meM timmappadAsa eva madhvadAsa ne kii| nA bhI paryApta saMkhyA meM race gaye haiM, jinakA sAhityika nAma isI samaya cidAnanda nAmaka vidvAna prasiddha kannaDa grantha' 'manasAmaMgala' hai| ye sarpo kI mAtA mAnI jAtI haiM aura 'haribhakti rasAyana' ke racayitA he| madhva ke siddhAntoM inakI pUjA se sarpo kA upadrava zAnta rahatA hai| kA spaSTa varNana kannaDa kAvya-grantha 'harikathAsAra' meM haA manasAvata-jyeSTha zukla kI hasta nakSatra yukta navamI athavA hai / madhvamata ke aneka saMskRta granthoM kA anuvAda kannaDI binA hasta nakSatra ke bhI dazamI ko snuhI ke vRkSa meM huA / mAdhva saMnyAsI zaGkara ke dazanAmI saMnyAsiyoM kI zAkhA para manasA devI kA pUjana karanA caahie| hemAdri meM hI parigaNita hai| svayaM madhva evaM unake mukhya ziSya (caturvarga cintAmaNi, prathama 621 ) ke anusAra manasA tIrtha (dasanAmiyoM meM se eka) zAkhA ke the / paravartI aneka devI kI pUjA ASAr3ha kRSNa paMcamI ko honI caahie| mAdhva 'purI' evaM 'bhAratI' zAkhAoM ke sadasya he| manasA zrAvaNa kRSNa ekAdazI ko bhI pUjI jAtI hai| madhvasiddhAntasAra-madhvAcArya ke ziSya padmanAbhAcArya ne dekhie, manasA devI tathA manasA maMgala kI kathA ke lie mAdhva mata kA varNana 'padArthasaMgraha' nAmaka grantha meM kiyA e0 sI0 sena kI 'baMgAlI bhASA tathA sAhitya' (pa0 hai| 'padArthasaMgraha' ke Upara unhoMne 'madhva siddhAnta sAra' nAmaka vyAkhyA bhI likhii| manAvI-kAThaka saMhitA ( 30.1) tathA zatapatha brAhmaNa manabhAU sampradAya-de0 'datta sampradAya' / (1.1,4,16) meM manu kI strI ko manAvI kahA gayA hai / manavAla mahAmuni-zrI vaiSNava sampradAya ke eka aacaary| manISA paJcaka-svAmI zaGkarAcArya viracita eka upadezAinakA anya nAma rAmyajAmAtamuni thaa| sthiti kAla tmaka laghu padya rcnaa| isake pA~ca zArdUlavikrIDita chandoM 1427-1500 vi0 ke madhya thaa| ye zrI vaiSNavoM kI / meM dhArmika aura AdhyAtmika upadeza diye gaye haiN| dakSiNI zAkhA 'teGgale' ke netA the / vedAntadezika ke manu-manu ko vaidika saMhitAoM (R0 1.80,16,8.63, pazcAt inhoMne zrIraGgam meM vedAnta zikSA pracalita rkhii| 1;10.100,5) Adi; a0ve0 14.2,41; taitti0 saM0 inake bhASya vidvattApUrNa tathA bahu yukta hai| 1.5,1,3;7.5,15,3,6,7,1;3,3,2,1;5.4,10,5;6.6, manaviraktakarana guTakA-saMta caranadAsa (caranadAsI pantha 6,1; kA0 saM0815; zatapatha brAhmaNa 1.1,4,14 jai0

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manu kA zrautasUtra manusmRti manusmRti smRtiyoM meM yaha prAcInatama tathA sarvAdhika mAnya haiM / isameM samAjazAstra, nItizAstra, dharmazAstra evaM arthazAstra sabhI kA samAveza hai| ataH sAmAjika vyavasthA kA yaha AdhArabhUta grantha hai| paramparA ke anusAra isake racayitA manu the, jo Adi vyavasthApaka mAne jAte haiN| parantu aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki yaha eka kAla meM tathA eka vyakti ke dvArA praNIta huI / itanA kahA jA sakatA hai ki mAnava paramparA meM dharmazAstra kA praNayana huaa| manu ke prathama ullekha Rgveda (1.80, 16, 1.114,2;2.33,13) meM pAye jAte hai| ve mAnava jAti ke pitA mAne gaye haiM / eka RSi prArthanA karate haiM ki ve manu ke paitRka mArga se vyuta na hoM (mAnaH pathaH pitryAnmA navAdadhi dUraM naSTa parAvataH / Rgveda 8.30, 3) eka dUsarI vaidika paramparA ke anusAra manu prathama yajJakartA the (Rgveda 10.63,7) taittirIya saMhitA aura brAhmaNa granthoM ke anu bhagavadgItA (106) bhI manuoM kA ullekha karatI karatI hai / manu nAmaka aneka ullekhoM se pratIta hotA hai| sAra manu kA kathana bheSaja hai- 'yadvai kiJca manuravadattadabhe ki yaha nAma na hokara upAdhi hai / manu zabda kA mUla man dhAtu (manana karanA) se bhI yahI pratIta hotA hai / medhAtithi, jo manusmRti ke bhASyakAra haiM, manu ko usa vyakti kI upAdhi kahate haiM, jisakA nAma prajApati hai| ve dharma ke prakRta rUpa ke jJAtA the evaM mAnava jAti ko usakI zikSA dete the / isa prakAra yaha vidita hotA hai ki manu eka upAdhi hai| manuracita mAnava dharmazAstra' bhAratIya dharmazAstra meM Adima va mukhya graMtha mAnA jAtA hai| prAcIna granthoM meM jahA~ mAnava dharmazAstra ke avataraNa Aye haiM ve sUtra rUpa meM haiN| aura pracalita manusmRti ke zlokoM se nahIM milte| vaha sUtragrantha 'mAnava dharmazAstra' abhI taka dekhane meM nahIM AyA / vartamAna manusmRti ko unhIM mUla sUtroM ke AdhAra para likhI huI kArikA mAna sakate haiN| vartamAna sabhI smRtiyoM meM yaha pradhAna samajhI jAtI hai| de0 'manusmRti' / manu kA zrautasUtra manuracita mAnava zrautasUtra vizeSa prasiddha haiM / isake varNyaviSayoM meM prathama adhyAya meM prAksoma, dUsare meM agniSToma, tIsare meM prAyazcitta, cauthe meM pravargya, pA~caveM meM dRSTi, chaTheM meM cayana, sAtaveM meM vAjapeya, AThaveM meM anugraha, naveM meM rAjasUya, dasaveM meM zulvasUtra aura gyArahaveM adhyAya meM pariziSTa hai| agnisvAmI bAlakRSNa mizra aura kumArilabhaTTa isake bhASyakAra haiN| jam' / tai0 saM0 2-2-10-2 - manurvai yatkiJcAvadattabheSajambhaiSajatAyeM / ' tANDaya brAhmaNa (23,16,17) aura zatapatha brAhmaNa meM manu aura jalaplAvana kI kathA pAyI jAtI hai / niruka (a0 3) meM manu ko smRtikAra ke rUpa meM smaraNa kiyA gayA hai| mahAbhArata svAyambhuva manu (zAnti 21. 12 ) / prAcetasamanu ( zAnti, 57.43 ) aura kahIM kevala manu kA ullekha karatA hai| gautama, Apastamba tathA vasiSTha dharmasUtroM meM manu ko pramANarUpa meM uddhRta kiyA gayA hai| anyatra mahAbhArata (zAnti, 57.43 ) meM kahA gayA hai ki brahmA ne eka lakSa zlokoM kA dharmazAstra bnaayaa| isameM pratipAdita dharmoM kA pravartana svAyambhuva manu ne kiyA ina para AdhArita zAstroM kA pravartana uzanA aura bRhaspati ne kiyaa| nAradasmRti kI bhUmikA ke gadyabhAga meM kathana hai ki manu ne eka lakSa zloka eka sahasra assI adhyAya aura caubIsa prakaraNoM meM dharmazAstra kI racanA kii| manu ne isako nArada ko diyA, jinhoMne ise bAraha sahasra zlokoM meM saMkSipta kiyaa| nArada ne isako mArkaNDeya ko diyA, jinhoMne isakA AkAra ATha hajAra zlokoM taka sImita kiyA / mArkaNDeya se yaha dharmazAstra sumati bhArgava ko prApta huA, jinhoMne ise cAra sahastra zlokoM meM nibaddha kiyaa| saMbhavataH manu kA prAyaH vahI vartamAna rUpa hai / kAzI prasAda jayasavAla ( manU eNDa yAjJavalkya) ke anusAra 7 , 494 u0 prA0 3.15,2 Adi) meM aitihAsika vyakti mAnA gayA hai| ye sarvaprathama mAnava thA jo mAnava jAti ke pitA tathA sabhI kSetroM meM mAnava jAti ke patha pradarzaka svIkRta haiM / vaidikakAlIna jalaplAvana kI kathA ke nAyaka manu hI haiM (kATha0 saM0 11.2) / manu ko vivasvAn ( R0 8.52, 1 ) yA vaivasvata (a0 0 8.10,24) vivasvanta (sUrya) kA putra sArvaNi ( savarNA kA vaMzaja ) evaM sAMvaNa (R0 ve0 8.51, 1 ) ( saMvaraNa kA vaMzaja ) kahate haiM prathama nAma paurANika hai, jabaki dUsare nAma aitihAsika haiM / sAvaNa ko luDviga turvasuoM kA rAjA kahate haiM, kintu yaha mAnyatA sandehapUrNa hai / purANoM meM manu ko mAnava jAti kA guru tathA pratyeka manvantara meM sthita kahA gayA hai| ve jAti ke karttavyoM (dharma) ke jJAtA hai| --- -

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manorathatRtIyA-manorathapUrNimA 495 zuGgakAla (dvitIya zatI I0pU0) meM sUmati bhArgava ne manu- hI prayukta karanA cAhie / usI prakAra kucha nizcita puSpa smRti kA vartamAna saMskaraNa prastuta kiyaa| isameM bAraha jaise mallikA, karavIra, ketakI) tathA naivedya bhI, jisakA adhyAya aura do sahasra chaH sau caurAnabe zloka haiN| vizeSa rUpa se ullekha kiyA gayA hai, prayukta kiye jAne ___ manu ke dharmazAstra ko sammAna dete hue kahA gayA hai ki cAhie / vrata ke anta meM AcArya ko zayyAdAna karanA manu ke virodha meM likhI gayo smRti mAnya nahIM ho sktii| caahie| isake atirikta cAra bAlaka tathA bAraha kanyAoM manu ne isa dharmazAstra meM do samasyAoM kA samAdhAna upa- ko bhojana aura dakSiNA se sammAnita karanA cAhie / sthita kiyA hai| prathamataH isakI racanAkara unhoMne isa AcaraNa se vratI ke sAre manorathoM kI siddhi hotI hai| vaidika vicAroM kI rakSA kI / dusare, isake dvArA eka aise manorathadvAdazI--isa vrata meM phAlguna zukla ekAdazI ko upasamAja kI rUparekhA prastuta kI jisameM prajAtIya aura vAsa, tadantara dvAdazI ko hari kA pUjana-havanapUrvaka manorathavyaktigata vivAda nyUnatama hoM aura vyakti kA adhikatama pUrti kI unase prArthanA kI jAtI hai| varSa ko cAra-cAra vikAsa sambhava ho sake tathA eka sahakArI svastha samAja mahIne ke tIna bhAgoM meM vibhAjita kara prati bhAga meM bhinnakI sthApanA ho sake / isa uddezya kI pUrti ke lie manu bhinna puSpoM, dhUpoM naivedyAdikoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / ne samAja ko varNa (manuSya kI prakRti) aura Azrama prati mAsa dakSiNA dI jAtI hai| vrata ke anta meM viSNu (saMskRti) ke AdhAra para saMgaThita kiyaa| varNa vibhinna kI suvarNapratimA banavAkara dAna meM de dI jAtI hai / bAraha jAtiyoM aura vargoM kA samanvaya thA / manu ke anusAra cAra brAhmaNoM ko sundara bhojana karAyA jAtA hai tathA kalazoM varNa the, koI paJcama varNa nahIM thaa| pratyeka varNa ke utkarSa kA dAna kiyA jAtA hai / aura apakarSa ke mArga khule the| vyaktigata jIvana cAra manorathadvitIyA -isa vrata meM zukla pakSa kI dvitIyA ko AzramoM meM vibhakta thA jinameM hotA huA manuSya cAra puru- dina meM vAsudeva kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| dvitIyA ke SArthoM-dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa kI prApti kara ske| candramA ko arghya dekara nakkapaddhati se candrAsta se pUrva manusmRti ke mahattva ko dekhakara aneka dharmazAstriyoM ne AhAra karane kA vidhAna hai| isa para vyAkhyAe~ likhIM, jinameM medhAtithi, govindarAja manorathasaMkrAnti-eka varSa taka pratyeka saMkrAnti ke dina aura kullUka bahuta prasiddha hai| inake atirikta nArAyaNa, gur3a sahita jalapUrNa kalaza tathA vastra kisI sadgRhastha ko rAghavAnanda, nandana aura rAmacandra kI TIkAeM bhI ullekha- dAna meM denA caahie| isake devatA sUrya haiM / isa AcaraNa nIya hai / manu para asahAya aura udayAkara ke uddharaNa bhI se vratI samasta kAmanAoM kI siddhi prApta karatA hai tathA pAye jAte haiN| saMbhavataH bhojadeva aura bhAguri ne bhI manu pApamukta hokara sIdhA sUryaloka calA jAtA hai| para TIkAyeM likhiiN| manorathapUrNimA-yaha vrata kArtika pUrNimA ko prArambha hotA ti ke atirikta anya smRtiyA~ bhI manu ke nAma hai| varSa bhara prati pUrNimA ko udaya hote hue candramA kA se pracalita thiiN| yAjJavalkya smati ke bhASyakAra vizvarUpa pUjana tathA nakta vidhi se AhAra kiyA jAtA hai| prAkRaura vijJAnezvara, smRticandrikA, parAzaramAdhavIya Adi tika namaka kA eka vRtta banAkara candramA kA pUjana kiyA grantha vRddhamanu ke aneka vacana uddhRta karate haiM / isIprakAra jAtA hai| kArtika mAsa meM pUrNa candramA kRttikA athavA bRhanmanu ke vacana mitAkSarA tathA anya granthoM meM pAye rohiNI kA, mArgazIrSa mAsa meM mRgazirA tathA ArdrA jAte haiN| nakSatra kA tathA anya mAsoM meM isI prakAra kA honA manorathatRtIyA-caitra zukla tRtIyA ko bIsa bhujAdhAriNI cAhie / kintu phAlguna, zrAvaNa tathA bhAdrapada meM kama se gaurI kA pUjana karanA caahie| eka varSa taka isa vrata kA kama eka nakSatra athavA tInoM kA ekAdhika mela honA anuSThAna honA cAhie / vratI ko dantadhAvana karane ke caahie| una dinoM sadhavA nAriyoM kA sammAna karanA lie nizcita vakSoM kI zAkhAoM (jamba, apAmArga, khadira) cAhie / vrata ke anta meM kucha AsanoM kA jo kusumbhakA hI upayoga karanA cAhie / zarIra para udvartana karane raJjita hoM, dAna kiyA jAnA caahie| isase vratI saundarya, ke lie nizcita pralepa athavA yakSakardama (kesaracandana) varadAna aura sukha-sampatti prAptakara svarga prApta karatA hai /

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496 manoravasarpaNa-mandAraSaSThI manoravasarpaNa-zatapatha brA0 (18,1,8) meM yaha usa parvata lita huA thaa| zAyada baGgAlI tAntrikoM ne hI isa kA nAma hai, jisapara jAkara manu kI nAva ThaharI thii| prathA kA prathama pracAra kiyA / unakI dekhA ( dekhI) mahAbhArata meM isakA nAma 'naubandhana' hai| atharvaveda meM bhArata ke nAnA sthAnoM tathA nAnA sampradAyoM meM isa prakAra zana' (19.39.8) kA ullekha hai / kucha vidvAnoM mantraguru kI prathA cala par3I hogii| kA mata hai ki yaha zabda manoravasarpaNa kI ora hI saMketa mantrabrAhmaNa-sAmavedIya chaThe brAhmaNa kA nAma mantrabrAhmaNa karatA hai| parantu adhikAMza vidvAn isa vicAra se sahamata hai| isameM dasa prapAThaka haiN| gRhya yajJakarma ke prAyaH sabhI nahIM haiN| mantra isa grantha meM saMgRhIta hai| ise upaniSadbrAhmaNa, mantra-vaidika saMhitAoM me gAyaka ke vicAroM kI upaja, saMhitopaniSad brAhmaNa vA chAndogyabrAhmaNa bhI kahate haiM / RcA, chanda, stuti ko mantra kahA gayA hai| brAhmaNoM meM isameM sAmaveda par3hanevAloM kI rocakatA ke lie sampradAyaRSiyoM ke gadya yA padyamaya kathanoM ko mantra kahA gayA pravartaka RSiyoM kI kathA likhI gayo hai / isI brAhmaNa ke hai| sAdhAraNata: kisI bhI vaidika sUka athavA yajJoya AThaveM se lekara dasaveM prapAThaka taka ke aMza kA nAma nirUpaNoM ko mantra kahate haiM, jo Rk, sAma aura yajuS 'chAndogyopaniSada' prasiddha hai| kahalAte haiN| ye vedoM ke brAhmaNa, AraNyaka aura upaniSad mantramahodadhi-mahIdhara ne 1646 vi0 saM0 meM 'mantra bhAga se bhinna haiN| kisI devatA ke prati samarpita sUkSma mahodadhi' nAmaka karmakANDa kI pustaka likhI jo zAkta prArthanA ko bhI mantra kahate haiM, yathA, zaiva sampradAya kA tathA zaiva donoM sampradAyoM meM mAnya hai| mantra 'namaH zivAya' aura bhAgavata sampradAya kA 'namo mantrarAja ( narasiMha kRta)-narasiMha sampradAya kA sAmpra. bhagavate vAsudevAya' / zAkta aura tAntrika sampradAyoM meM dAyika mantra, jo anuSTup chanda meM hai, 'mantrarAja' kahalAtA aneka sukSma aura rahasyamaya vAkyoM, zabdakhaNDoM aura hai / isakI racanA nRsiMha dvArA huI thI tathA isake sAtha akSaroM kA prayoga hotA hai| unheM bhI mantra kahate haiM aura aura bhI cAra laghu mantra haiN| vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki unase mahAn zaktiyA~ aura mantrarAjatantra-'Agamatattva vilAsa' meM uddhRta tantroM kI siddhiyA~ prApta hotI haiN| tAlikA meM 'mantrarAjatantra' kA ullekha haA hai| mantrakaNTakI-paramparAgata mAnyatA hai ki RSi, chanda, mantrArthamaJjarI-yaha rAghavendra svAmI kRta satrahavIM zatAbdI devatA aura viniyoga ke binA jAne vedamantroM kA par3hanA kA eka grantha hai / isameM mantroM kI artha-paddhati kA nirUpaNa yA paDhAnA doSaprada hai / kisa chanda ko kisa RSi ne prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| kiyA, vaha mantra kisa chanda meM hai, arthAt vaha kaise par3hA mantrikA upaniSad --yaha paravartI upaniSad hai / jAyagA, usa mantra meM kisa devatAviSayaka varNana hai aura manthI-vaidika saMhitAoM meM somarasa evaM saktu kA ghola usa mantra kA prayoga kisa kAma meM hotA hai, ina bAtoM ko manthI kahA gayA hai / isakA upayoga yajJoM meM hotA thA / binA jAne jo mantroM kA prayoga karate haiM ve 'mantra kaNTako' manvAraSaSThI-mAgha zukla SaSThI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kahalAte haiN| hotA hai / paMcamI ko vratI atyanta laghu AhAra karatA hai, mantrakRta-Rgveda (9.114,2) tathA brAhmaNoM (aitareya SaSThI ko upavAsa karate hue mandAra kI prArthanA karatA hai / 6.1,1; paJca0 13.3,24; taitti0 A0 4.1) meM mantra agale dina vaha mandAra vRkSa ( arka-Aka kA vRkSa ) para kRta RSibodhaka zabda hai / jina RSiyoM ko vedoM kA kesara lagAtA hai tathA tAmrapAtra meM kAle tiloM se aSTadala sAkSAtkAra huA thA unako mantrakRt kahate haiN| kamala banAtA hai / tadanantara mandAra kusumoM se prati dizA mantra koza-zAkta sAhitya se sambandhita yaha aThArahavIM kI ora agrasara hotA huA sUrya kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se zatAbdI ke uttarArdha kI racanA hai| pUjana karatA hai evaM madhya meM hari bhagavAn kI kalpanA mantraguru-sAmpradAyika devamantroM kA prathama upadeza karane karate hue pUjana karatA hai / eka varSa taka prati zukla pakSa vAlA mantraguru kahA jAtA hai| Aja bhArata meM mantraguru kI saptamI ko isI krama se pUjana calatA hai / vrata ke anta kA jo pracAra hai vaha tAntrikoM ke prAdhAnya kAla meM praca- meM eka kalaza meM suvarNa kI pratimA DAlAra use dAna kara

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mandAra saptamI-marAThA bhakta 497 diyA jAtA hai / svarga ke pA~ca vRkSoM meM se eka mandAra bhI dUra-dUra taka phailI / isa naghe devatA sambandhI eka mhttvhai| anya hai pArijAta, santAna, kalpavRkSa tathA haricandana / pUrNa sAhitya kI utpatti prArambhika baMgalA meM huii| isa mandAra saptamI-mAgha zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna sampradAya se sambandhita 'zUnya purANa' ( rAmAI paNDita hotA hai / paJcamI ko halakA AhAra kiyA jAtA hai| kRta-11 vIM zatAbdI) evaM lAusena nAmaka maina agrima dina brAhmaNoM ko mandAra ke ATha puSpa khilAye (baMgAla) ke rAjA kA nAma AtA hai, jisane dharma kI pUjA jAte haiN| isake devatA sUrya hai| zeSa kriyA pUrvokta vrata ke hI kI aura jisake vIratApUrNa kAryoM kI prasiddhi-gA samAna hotI hai| haI / ina kathAoM ke AdhAra para 'dharmamaGgala' Adi nAmoM manvantara-sRSTi kI Ayu ke mApa ke lie hindU mAnyatA meM se baMgalA kI maGgala kAvya mAlA kA prArambha huA, jo yuga, manvantara evaM kalpa tIna mukhya mAna ullikhita 12 vIM zatAbdI se likhI jAne lgii| maMgala kAvya ke haiM / kalpa ke varNana meM yugoM ( cAra ) kA bhI varNana kiyA sabase prathama lekhaka mayUra bhaTTa mAne jAte haiN| jA cukA hai / yahA~ manvantara ke bAre meM likhA jA rahA hai| marAThA bhakta-mahArASTra deza ke vaiSNava bhAgavata upanAma se cAra yugoM / kRta, vetA, dvApara evaM kali ) kA eka jAne jAte hai, kintu yaha jJAta nahIM hai ki bhAgavata purANa mahAyuga ( 4,320000 varSa ), 71 mahAyugoM kA eka kA vyavahAra yahA~ kaba AraMbha huaa| caudahavIM zatAbdI meM manvantara evaM 14 manvantaroM kA eka kalpa hotA hai ! bhAgavata dharma kA pracalana yahA~ adhika vistRta ho gyaa| manvAdi tithi-kula 14 manvantara haiM / cAra yugoM ko yahA~ kA tatkAlIna samasta loka sAhitya sthAnIya bhASA milAkara 4320000 varSoM kA eka mahAyuga banatA hai| ( marAThI ) meM hai| ataeva mahArASTra ke bhAgavatoM aura pratyeka manvantara meM 71 mahAyugoM se kucha adhika varSa hote tamila tathA kannaDa bhAgavatoM meM bar3A antara hai| yahA~ haiN| varSa ke antargata ukta manvantaroM kA Arambha jina bhakti-Andolana kA prAraMbha jJAnezvara nAmaka santa kavi se tithiyoM ko hotA hai ve manvAdi tithi ke nAma se prasiddha huA / eka paramparA ke anusAra inakA ullekha bhaktamAla meM hai| cUMki ye tithiyA~ atyanta punIta haiM, una dinoM huA hai / ye viSNusvAmI ke ziSya the / zrAddhAdi kA anuSThAna kiyA jAnA caahie| de0 manvAdi jJAnezvara ne bhagavadgItA para AdhArita marAThI kavitA tithiyoM ke lie tathA caudaha manvantaroM ke nAma tathA unake meM 10,000 padyoM kA eka grantha likhA jise 'jJAnezvarI' varNana ke lie viSNudharmottara. adhyAya prathama, zloka kahate haiM (1347 vi0)| isase advaita jJAna kI 17-189 / dhvani nikalatI hai, kintu yaha yoga sAdhanA kA bhI upadeza mayUra-sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha meM utpanna eka kavi jo detA hai| lekhaka apane ko gorakhanAthI ziSya paraMparA ke mahArAja harSavardhana ke rAjakavi bANa ke vipakSI the| . saMta nivRttinAtha kA ziSya batalAte haiN| jJAnezvara ne 28 inakA 'sUryazataka' saMskRta kAvya kA anUThA grantha abhaMgoM ke eka saMgraha 'haripATha' kI bhI racanA kii| hai| yaha sragdharA chanda evaM gauDIya rIti meM racA gayA hai| ye marAThI padya meM racita advaita zaivadarzana kI kRti 'amRtAeka paripakva kavi kI racanA hone ke sAtha hI yaha nubhava' ke bhI lekhaka haiN| isa prakAra saMta jJAnezvara sUrya devatA ke tatkAlIna Izvaratva kA pUrNatayA digdarzana bhAgavata hone ke sAtha, ziva tathA viSNu kI bhakti karane karAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki mayUra kavi ko kuSTha roga vAle tathA zaGkarAcArya ke bhI dArzanika anuyAyI the| ho gayA thA, jo sUryazataka kI racanA aura pATha karane se jJAnezvara ke bAda dUsarA prasiddha nAma bhakta nAmadeva kA chUTa gyaa| ataeva yaha kAvya sAhityika aura dhArmika AtA hai| paramparAnusAra donoM kama se kama eka bAra donoM dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai| mile the| bhakta mAla ke anusAra nAmadeva jJAnezvara ke mayUra bhaTTa-tAntrika bauddha dharma ke avasAna ne baGgAla ziSya the| kintu rAmakRSNa bhaNDArakara donoM ke samayoM meM tathA ur3IsA ke hindU dharma para paryApta prabhAva DAlA / bauddha 100 varSa kA antara batalAte haiN| nAma deva ke kucha padoM triratna-buddha, dharma evaM saMgha-se eka naye hindU devatA kI kA 'guru grantha sAhaba' meM uddharaNa yaha prakaTa karatA hai ki kalpanA huI, jisakA nAma dharma par3A / dharma ThAkura kI bhakti inakA marAThA deza tathA paJjAba meM samAna Adara thA !

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498 maricasaptamI-maruta inake padoM meM isalAma kA prabhAva bhI parilakSita hai| rukmAbAI (rukmiNI), rAdhA, satyabhAbhA tathA lakSmI-kI gurudAsapura jile (paMjAba ) meM ghumana nAmaka sthAna para pratimAe~ alaga-alaga mandiroM meM inakI bagala meM sthApita nAmadeva ke nAma para eka mandira mirmita hai| haiM (sabhI eka sAtha eka mandira meM nahIM haiM / marAThA bhakti tIsare prasiddha marAThA bhaktagAyaka trilocana the| ye Andolana meM rAdhA kA sthAna pramukha nahIM hai| ina nAmadeva ke samakAlIna the| inake bAda marAThA bhaktoM meM mandiroM meM mahAdeva, gaNapati tathA sUrya kI sthApanA bhI ekanAtha (mRtyu kAla 1608 I0) kA nAma AtA hai, jo huI hai| lakSmI ko devI mAnate hue ina pAMcoM devoM kI paiThana meM rahate the / ye jAtivAda ke virodhI the| inhoMne pUjA hotI hai| ina bhaktoM ne jAtivAda kA samarthana nahIM bhAgavata purANa kA marAThI padya meM anuvAda kiyA, jise kiyA, phira bhI mahArASTra ke bhAgavata mandiroM meM koI 'ekanAthI bhAgavata' kahate haiN| inake 26 abhaGgoM kA jAticyuta praveza nahIM karatA rahA hai / 'haripATha' nAmaka saMgraha tathA catuHzlokI bhAgavata bhI maricasaptamI-caitra zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna prasiddha hai| saMta tukArAma ( 1608-49 I0) vyApArI the hotA hai / isameM sUrya kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| brAhmaNoM evaM biThovA ( paMDharInAtha ) ke bhakta the| inake abhaGga ko nimantrita karake 100 kAlI mirce nimnalikhita bar3e hI bhAvapUrNa haiN| mantra 'om khakholkAya svAhA' bolate hue unheM khAne ko mahAtmA nArAyaNa (1608-89 I0), jinakA paravartI dI jAtI haiN| isase vratI ko apane priya vyaktiyoM kA nAma samartha rAmadAsa ho gayA thA, kavitA ke kSetra meM sAhi vichoha sahana nahIM karanA pdd'taa| rAma tathA sItA evaM tyika rUpa se utane prasiddha na the, kintu vyaktigata rUpa se nala tathA damayantI ne bhI isa vrata ko kiyA thaa| mahArAja zivAjI para 1650 I0 ke pazcAt inakA bar3A prabhAva thaa| inakA 'dAsabodha' grantha dhArmika kI apekSA maruta-Rgveda meM marutoM kI stuti sambandhI kula 33 dArzanika adhika hai / inake nAma para Aja bhI eka sampradAya RcAeM (pA~caveM maNDala meM 11+pahale meM 11 tathA 'rAmadAsI' pracalita hai| inake anuyAyI sAmpradAyika zeSa saMhitA meM 11 = 33) haiN| isake atirikta anya cihna dhAraNa karate haiM tathA apanA eka rahasyamaya mantra RcAoM meM unakA ullekha anya devoM ke sAtha huA hai, vizeSakara indra ke sAtha / inakA indra ke sAtha sAmIpya rakhate haiM / satArA ke samIpa sajjanagar3ha inakA mukhya kendra hai / yahA~ rAmadAsajI kI samAdhi, rAmacandrajI kA mandira vRtrayuddha ke samaya sahAyaka ke rUpa meM huA hai| RgvedIya tathA rAmadAsIjI kA mandira tathA rAmadAsI sampradAya kA sAmagrI ke anusAra marutoM kA nimnalikhita varNana prastuta maTha hai| kiyA jA sakatA hai : aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke Arambha meM zrIdhara nAmaka eka ve vidyut ke aTTahAsa se utpanna hote haiM, AkAza ke paMDita kavi bar3e hI prasiddha hue, jinhoMne marAThI meM rAmA- putra hai, nAyaka haiM, puruSa haiM, bhAI haiM, sAtha-sAtha paDhe haiM. yaNa evaM mahAbhArata kI kathAe~ padyabaddha kii| inakA sabhI eka avasthA va mana ke haiM, rodasI se ghaniSTha rUpa se prabhAva sIdhe dhArmika nahIM hai, kintu inake kathAnakoM kA sambandhita hai, agni kI jihvA sadaza camakate haiM tathA sarpa svarUpa dhArmika hai| isI zatAbdI meM pIche mahIpati hue| kI camaka rakhate haiM, vidya t ko apane muTThI meM rakhate haiM inake dvArA bhaktoM tathA sAdhuoM kI jIvaniyA~ likhI giiN| aura vidya ta kI mAlA dhAraNa karate haiM, sunahare inake grantha haiM santa lIlAmRta, bhaktavijaya evaM kathAsArA- AbhUSaNa bhujAoM tathA ghuTTiyoM para dhAraNa karate haiM, jinake mRta / marAThI bhASAbhASI bhAgavatoM dvArA isa prakAra sarva- dvArA ve tAroM bhare AkAza sadRza dyutimAna hote haiM, citavidita bhakti Andolana kA gaThana huaa| bhAgavatapurANa kabare ghor3oM dvArA khIMce jAne vAle vidya t ke ratha para ke sivA inakA sArA sAhitya marAThI meM hai| inake devatA savArI karate haiM tathA vAyu ko apane dhruva gantavya ke lie viTThalanAtha yA biThovA haiN| biThovA viSNu kA marAThI jotate haiM, bachar3oM kI bhAMti krIr3Arata haiM, vanya pazuoM jaise nAma hai / isake kendra hai paNDharapura, Alandi, evaM dehu / / bhayAvaha hai, bijalI, A~dhI tathA tUphAna se pahAr3oM ko bhI kintu sAre mahArASTra deza meM inake choTe-moTe mandira hilA dete hai, kuhAsA bote haiM, AkAza kA dhana duhate haiM, bikhare hue haiN| biTThala kI aneka patniyoM ( zaktiyoM)- sUrya kI A~khoM ko apanI bUdoM kI jhar3I se Dhaka dete haiM,

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marutvata-mardAnA bAdaloM ke sAtha andhakAra kI sRSTi karate haiM, ve pRthvI isake prathama mahanta marula the| inakA vIrazaMva paramparA meM ko gIlA kara dete haiM, garate hue kuoM ko duhate haiM, AkAza ati ucca aura saMmAnita sthAna hai / ke gAyaka hai, jo indra kI zakti utpanna karate haiM tathA mAlArAdhya-avantikApurI ke siddha zvara liGga se, jo apane vaMzI-vAdana dvArA parvatoM ko svaccha kara dete hai, bhagavAn ziva kA vAmadeva rUpa hai, mahAtmA marulArAdhya ahi tathA zambara ke mArane meM indra kI sahAyatA karate hai prakaTa hue the| kahate haiM ki ve avantI ke rAjA ke sAtha tathA sabhI AkAzIya vijayoM meM indra kA sAtha dete haiM matabheda ho jAne se vallArI (karnATaka) jile ke eka gA~va (R0 3.47, 3-4; 1.100 Adi) / saba sandarbho ko meM jAkara basa gaye the| de0 'mhl'| jor3ane se pratIta hotA hai ki maruta indra ke sAthI hai tathA AkAza ke yoddhA haiM / ve apane kandhoM para bhAle, pairoM meM ra maraijJAnasambandha-arulanandI ke ziSya marai jJAnasambandha the| ma padatrANa, chAtI para sunahare AbhUSaNa, rathoM para zAnadAra ye zUdra varNa meM utpanna hue the| inhoMne 'zaiva samayaneR' vastue~, hAthoM meM vidyut tathA sira para sunahare mukuTa dhAraNa nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| ye 13vIM zatAbdI meM madrAsa karate haiN| kSetra ke antargata vartamAna the / uparyakta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki maruta jhaMjhAvAta ke markaTAtmaja bhakti-zaiva AgamoM ke anusAra bhakti do devatA haiN| unake svabhAva kA vidyut, vidyut-garjana, prakAra kI hai| prathama mArjArAtmaja bhakti aura dUsarI markaAMdhI tathA varSA ke rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai / andhar3a- TAtmaja bhakti / prathama bhakti vaha hai jahA~ jIvAtmA kI tuphAna meM aneka bAra bijalI camakatI hai, anekAneka bAra dazA devatA kI kRpA ke bharose para nirbhara hotI hai, jaise garjana hotA hai, AMdhI calatI hai tathA varSA kI jhar3I lagI ki mArjArazizu tabataka asahAya hotA hai, jabataka usakI mA~ rahatI hai| isa prakAra ke varNanArtha bahuvacana kA prayoga use mu~ha meM nahIM pakar3atI, arthAt baccA nirAzraya par3ArahatA Avazyaka hai / vRtra ke mArane meM marut hI indra ke sahAyaka hai| svataH niSkriya rahane vAle aise prANa kI isa bhakti ko the| yaha Azcarya hai ki indra ne apane maNDala se bAhara adhama kahA gayA hai (sA bhaktiH adhamA) / dUsare prakAra kI jAkara rudramaNDala meM apane mitra evaM sahAyaka DhU~r3he, kyoMki bhakti meM jIvAtmA svayaM bhI bhajana-pUjana karate hue Izvararudra ke putra (gaNa) hone ke kAraNa marut rudriya kahalAte haiN| prApti ke lie devatA kA sahArA bhI lAbha kara sakatA marutavrata-caitra zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hai| jaise vAnara yA markaTazizu apanI mA~ ko kasakara hotA hai / SaSThI ko upavAsa kiyA jAtA hai| RtuoM kA pakar3e rahatA hai aura mA~ jarA sA sahArA use dete hue uchasaptamI ko pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / vratI ghise hue candana latI-kUdatI rahatI hai| se sAta paMktiyA~ tathA prati paMkti meM sAta maNDala banAtA ukta donoM prakAroM meM dvitIya-markaTAtmaja-bhakti hai| prathama paMkti meM vaha sAta nAma eka jyoti se sapta meM AtmA svataH kAryazIla hotA hai, saceSTa, hotA hai, jyoti taka likhatA hai| prati paMkti meM isI prakAra bhinna- jabaki prathama-mArjArAtmaja-bhakti meM AtmA svayaM akarmaNyabhinna nAma likhe jAte haiN| unacAsa dIpaka prajvalita kie hotA hai, vaha pUrNa rUpa se devakRpA para nirbhara rahatA hai / jAte haiN| ghRta se homa tathA eka varSa taka brAhmaNoM ko isa prakAra yaha heya hai, jabaki makaTAtmaja bhakti zreSTha hai / bhojana karAne kA isameM vidhAna hai| vrata ke anta meM gau parantu kaI bhakti sampradAyoM (yathA zrIvaiSNavoM meM mArjAtathA vastroM kA dAna vihita hai / yaha vrata svAsthya, sampatti, rAtmaja bhakti hI zreSTha bhAnI jAtI hai, jisameM bhakta apane putra, vidyA tathA svarga pradAna karAtA hai| kahA jAtA hai, jIvana ko bhagavAn para pUrNataH chor3a detA hai| ina sampramarudgaNa sAta athavA 49 hai| de0 Rgveda, 5.52.17; dAyoM meM markaTAtmaja bhakti ko choTI mAnate haiM, jisameM taittirIya saMhitA 2.11.1 'sapta gaNA va marut' / bhakta bhagavAn para AdhA hI bharosA rakhatA hai aura Adhe mAla--vIrazaiva sampradAya kI saMcAlana vyavasthA paryApta meM apane abhimAna ko pakar3e rahatA hai / ina sampradAyoM ke mahatvapUrNa hai| isake pA~ca Adi maTha haiN| inameM cauthA anusAra pUrNa prapatti' hI bhakti kI uttama koTi hai| sthAna ujjini, bellArI sImA (maisUra) ke maTha kA hai| mardAnA-guru nAnaka ke eka ziSya kA nAma, jo gurujI

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500 kI sevA meM rahakara sAtha-sAtha ghUmatA thA aura jaba ve apane padoM ko gAte the taba vaha sitAra bajAtA thA / malamAsakRtya malamAsa ke kRtya antarvartI mAsa ( pahale ke uttarArdha aura dUsare ke pUrvArdha) meM karane cAhie / usake madhya niSiddha kRtyoM ke lie dekhie 'adhimAsa / malUkadAsa - nirguNa bhakti zAkhA ke eka rAmabhakta kavi evaM saMta / unakA jIvana-kAla saM0 1631-1739 vi0 mAnA jAtA hai / inhoMne rAmabhakti viSayaka aneka padyoM aura bhajanoM kI racanA kii| malUkadAsa ne eka alaga pantha bhI calAyA / yoM kahA jAya ki unakI ziSyaparamparA malUkadAsI kahalAyI, to adhika yuktiyukta hogA / inakA sAdhanAsthala yA gurugaddI prayAga ke samIpa kar3A mAnikapura meM hai| malUkadAsI-- de0 'malUkadAsa' / malladvAdazI - mArgazIrSa zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / yamunA ke taTa, taTa govarddhana pahAr3a aura bhANDIra vaTa vRkSa ke nIce gopAla kRSNa gvAla bAloM, jo saba pahalavAna the, ke sAtha kuztI lar3ate the| isI prasaMga meM ukta tithi ko samasta malloM ne sarvaprathama puSpoM se, dUdha se, dahI se tathA uttamottama khAdyapadArthoM se bhagavAn kRSNa kI pUjA tathA sammAna kiyA thaa| eka varSa taka prati dvAdazI ko isakA anuSThAna honA caahie| ise araNyadAdazI yA vyanadvAdazI bhI kahA gayA jaba ki samasta svAla bAloM tathA malloM ne eka-dUsare ko apane vividha khAdya padArtha cakhAye the / isa vrata ke pariNAmasvarUpa susvAsthya, zakti, samRddhi tathA anta meM viSNuloka kI prApti hotI hai / mallanAga - eka prasiddha prAcIna naiyAyika / vikrama kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kavi subandhu ne suprasiddha zleSakAvya vAsavadattam meM mallanAga, nyAyasthiti, dharmakIrti aura udyoskara ina cAra naiyAyikoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| mahalanArAdhya - dakSiNa bhArata ke eka zAMkaravedAntI AcArya | inakA janma koTI vaMza meM huA thA aura inhoMne a ratna abhedaratna nAmaka do prakaraNa grantha likhe / inakA janma solahavIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM huA thA / inhoMne 'advaitaratna' ke Upara 'tattvadIpana' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai / mallanArAdhya ne dvaitavAdiyoM ke mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie isa grantha kI racanA kI thI / malamAsakRtya mahat mallanAyeM - vIrazaiva sampradAya ke 18vIM zatAbdI ke AcArya / inhoMne bhASA meM 'vIra zaivAmRta' nAmaka grantha racA / mallArimahotsava - mArgazIrSa zukla SaSThI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| mahalAri kI patnI mhALasA (kadAcit madAlasA kA apabhraMza) thI / mallAri ke pUjana meM haldI kA cUrNa mukhya padArtha hai jo mahArASTra meM bhaNDArA ke nAma se prasiddha hai| mahakAri kA pUjana yA to prati ravivAra yA zanivAra athavA paSThI ko honA caahie| pUjanavidhi brahmANDa purANa, kSetrakhaNDa ke mallArimAhAtmya se gRhIta hai| mallikArjuna - dakSiNa bhArata ke zrIzaila parvata para sthita zaMkarajI kA prasiddha mandira dvAdaza jyotirliMgoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / vorazvAcArya zrIpati paNDitArAdhya kI utpatti mallikArjuna liGga se hI mAnI jAtI hai / inakA mAhAramya zivapurANa, zatarudra [saM0 41.12 meM varNita hai| mallikArjuna jaGgama-kAzI meM bhagavAn vizvArAdhya kA vIra saMsthAna 'jaGgamabAr3I lAma ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa maTha ke mallikArjuna aGgama nAmaka zivayogo ko kAzIrAja jayanandadeva ne vikrama saM0 631 meM prabodhinI ekAdazI ke dina bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| isa kRtya kA tAmrazAsana lagabhaga paune caudaha sau varSoM kA purAnA ukta maTha meM surakSita hai / de0 'jaGgamabAr3I' / mahAkautasUtra - sAmaveda sambandhI eka zrautasUtra 'mazakazrota sUtra' nAma se vikhyAta hai / masAna - eka prakAra kA zmazAnavAsI preta / masAna kA anya nAma tolA hai / yaha bAlakoM tathA avivAhitoM kA asantuSTa mRta AtmA hotA hai| masAna kA sAdhAraNa artha zmazAna bhUmi meM bhaTakane vAlA preta hai| ye lokavizvAsAnusAra manuSyoM ko hAni nahIM pahu~cAte tathA inakI sthiti asthAyI hotI hai| kucha samaya ke bAda inakA janmAntara ho jAtA hai tathA ye nayA janma le lete haiM / kahA jAtA hai, kabhIkabhI ye dUsare bhUtoM ke samAja se niSkAsita ho jaGgaloM va ekAnta pradeza meM bhAlU yA anya vanya pazu ke rUpa meM bhaTakate phirate haiN| mahat - ( 1 ) sAMkhya matAnusAra prakRti se usake prathama vikAra mahat tattva kI utpatti hotI hai / jagat racanA kA yaha vaha sUkSma tatva hai jo vicAra evaM nirNaya karane vAle tatva kA nirmANa karatA hai /

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501 mahattamavrata-mahAjyeSThI (2) saMmAnya athavA vizAla ke artha meM 'mahat' napuM- zmazAna meM zavAsana para baiThate haiM aura citAbhasma lagAte sakaliMga vizeSaNa hai| puMliMga meM yaha 'mahAn' aura strI- hai / kAla ko naSTa kara jo svayaM mRtyu ko jItane vAle liMga meM 'mahatI' hotA hai / karmadhAraya aura bahubrIhi samAsa (mRtyuJjaya) hai unako mahAkAla kahA gayA hai| inakA meM yaha 'mahA' banakara uttarapada ke sAtha mila jAtA hai| prasiddha mandira 'mahAkAla niketana' ujjayinI meM hai aura katipaya samasta padoM meM yaha nindA yA azubha artha prakaTa ye dvAdaza jyotiliMgoM meM gine jAte haiN| karatA hai, yathA : mahAtaila (rudhira), mahAbrAhmaNa (mahApAtra) mahAkAlI-zAkta matAnusAra dasa mahAdeviyoM meM se prathama mahAmAMsa (naramAMsa), mahApatha (mRtyumAga), mahAnidrA mahAkAlI haiN| inake zaktimAna adhIzvara mahAkAla rudra haiN| (mRta), mahAyAtrA (mRtyu), mahAsaMvaidya (yama), mahAzaMkha mahAkaulajJAnavinirNaya-dasavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArdha kA eka (naramuMDa) tAntrika grantha / "zaMkhe taile tathA mAMse vaidye jyotiSi ke dvije / mahAkauzItaki-kauzItaki kA nAma zAGkhAyana brAhmaNa meM yAtrAyAM pathi nidrAyAM mahacchabdo na dIyate / / " aneka bAra AyA hai / isIlie zAGkhAyana brAhmaNa ke bhASyamahattamavrata-bhAdra zukla pratipadA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kAra ne ise 'kauzItaki brAhmaNa' kahA hai| isI bhASya meM hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai| bhagavAn ziva kI aneka sthAnoM para 'mahAkauzItaki brAhmaNa' nAma bhI jaTAoM se maNDita tathA paJca mukhayukta suvarNa-rajata kI AyA hai| pratimA kA kalaza meM rakhakara pUjana kiyA jAtA hai / paMcA mahAkratu (yajJakratu)-bhAratIya karmakANDa athavA yAjJika kAryoM meM azvamedha yajJa eka atyanta mahattvapUrNa kRtya hai| mRta meM snAna karAkara puSpAdi car3hAte hue 16 phala bhagavAn kI sevA meM arpita kie jAte haiM / vrata ke anta meM gau kA isakI gaNanA mahAkratu yA yajJakratu nAma se hotI hai| dAna kiyA jAtA hai| isake AcaraNa se vratI dIrghAyu mahAgaNapati-gANapatya sampradAya ke cha: upasampradAyoM meM tathA rAjya prApta karatA hai| prathama 'mahAgaNapati' hai| mahAgaNAdhipati sampradAya-gANapatya sampradAya kA prathama upamahatvija-mahattvija cAra pradhAna purohitoM kA sAmUhika nAma hai / viziSTa yajJoM meM hotA, udgAtA, adhvaryu tathA sampradAya / mahAgaNAdhipati ke upAsaka unheM mahAbrahmA yA sraSTA mAnate haiM / pralaya ke bAda mahAgaNapati hI raha jAte brahmA milakara mahatvija kahalAte haiN| hai aura Arambha meM ve hI phira se sRSTi karate haiM / maharSi vedamantroM ke prakaTakartA yA vidhi nirdhAraka RSi mahAcaturthI-bhAdra zukla pakSa kI caturthI yadi ravivAra yA kahe jAte haiN| kisI mahAn RSi ko maharSi kahate haiN| bhaumavAra ko par3e to vaha mahAcaturthI kahalAtI hai| usa de0 'mhaabraahmnn'| dina gaNeza jI kI pUjA karane se kAmanAoM kI siddhi mahA upaniSad-eka paravartI saMkSipta vaiSNava upaniSad / isameM kathita hai ki nArAyaNa (viSNu) hI zAzvata brahma hai; unhIM mahAcaitrI-caitrI pUrNimA ko bahaspati aura candramA yadi citrA se sAMkhya varNita pacIsa tatva utpanna hue haiM, ziva tathA nakSatra meM eka sAtha par3a jAyeM to vaha mahAcaitrI kahalAtI hai| brahmA unake mAnasa putra tathA AzritadevatA hai| vaiSNava mahAjayAsaptamI-jaba sUrya zukla pakSa kI saptamI ko dUsarI upaniSadoM meM yaha sarvaprAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| rAzi para pahu~catA hai, to vaha tithi 'mahAjayA saptamI' mahAkArtiko-kArtika kI pUrNamAsI ko candramA aura bRhaH kahalAtI hai / usa dina snAna, japa, homa tathA devatAoM spati yadi kRttikA nakSatra meM hoM taba yaha tithi mahAkArtikI kI pUjA karane se karor3oM gunA puNya milatA hai| yadi kahI jAtI hai| candra rohiNI meM bhI ho sakatA hai| isa usI dina sUrya kI pratimA ko dUdha yA ghI se snAna karAyA dina somavAra kA yoga isa parva ko bahuta zreSTha banA jAya to manuSya sUryaloka prApta kara letA hai| yadi usa detA hai| dina upavAsa kiyA jAya to manuSya svarga prApta karatA hai| mahAkAla (ziva)-ziva ke aneka rUpoM meM se eka pralayaMkara mahAjyeSThI-jyeSTha mAsa kI pUrNimA ko jyeSThA nakSatra ho, ruup| isa svarUpa meM ziva muNDoM kI mAlA pahanate haiN| bRhaspati tathA candramA bhI usI nakSatra meM hoM tathA sUrya

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502 rohiNI nakSatra meM ho to vaha tithi mahAjyeSThI kahalAtI hai| isa dina dAna, japa karane se mahAn puNyoM kI prApti hotI hai / mahAtantra - 'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM ullikhita 64 tantroM kI sUcI meM yaha bhI eka tantra hai / mahAtapodyatAni aneka choTe-choTe vidhi-vidhAnoM kA isI zIrSaka meM yatra-tatra varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| isalie yahA~ pRthaka parigaNana nahIM kiyA jA rahA hai / mahAtRtIyA - mAtha apanA caitra mAsa kI tRtIyA ko 'mahAtRtIyA kahate haiN| isakI gaurI devatA hai| manuSya isa dina unake caraNoM meM gur3a-dhenu arpita kare tathA svayaM gur3a na khAye / isa AcaraNa se use atyanta kalyANa tathA Ananda to prApta hotA hI hai, sAtha hI maraNoparAnta vaha gaurI loka prApta karatA hai|[ gur3a-dhenu ke vistRta varNana ke lie dekhiye matsyapurANa, 84 ] / - - mahAtmA ( mahAtman ) darzanazAstra meM isa zabda kA prayoga sarvAtizayI tathA aikAntika AtmA athavA vizvAtmA ke lie hotA hai / kisI santa athavA mahApuruSa ke lie AdarArtha bhI isakA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / mahAdAna mahAdAna saMkhyA meM dasa yA solaha hai| inameM svarNadAna sabase adhika mahatvapUrNa hai| isake pazcAt bhUmi, AvAsa, grAma- kara ke dAna Adi kA kramaza: sthAna hai / svarNadAna sabase mUlyavAn hone se uttama mAnA gayA hai| isake antargata 'tulAdAna' athavA 'tulApuruSadAna' hai / sarvA dhika dAna dene vAlA tulA ke pahale palar3e para baiThakara dUsare palar3e para samAna bhAra kA svarNa rakhakara use brAhmaNoM ko dAna karatA thA / bArahavIM zatAbdI meM kannauja ke eka rAjA ne isa prakAra kA tulAdAna eka sau bAra tathA 14vIM zatAbdI ke AraMbha meM mithilA ke eka mantrI ne eka bAra kiyA thaa| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga harSavardhana zIlAditya ke pratyeka pAMcaveM varSa kiye jAne vAle prayAga ke mahAdAna kA varNana karatA hai| yajJopavIta ke avasara para yA mahAyazoM ke avasara para dhanika puruSa svarNa nirmita nau, kamala ke phUla, AbhUSaNa, bhUmi Adi yajJAnta meM brAhmaNoM ko dAna kara dete haiM / Aja bhI mahAdAnoM kA deza meM abhAva nahIM hai / sabhI bar3e tIrthoM meM satra calate haiM jahA~ nitya brAhmaNoM, saMnyAsiyoM evaM paMgu, luMja vyaktiyoM ko bhojana mahAtantra-mahAdvAdazI diyA jAtA hai / grAma-grAma meM pratyeka hindU parivAra meM aise brAhmaNabhoja nAnA avasaroM para karAye jAte haiN| prathama zatAbdI ke upavadAtta ke guhAbhilekha se jJAta hai ki vaha eka lAla brAhmaNoM ko prativarSa 1 lAkha gau 16 grAma, vihAra-bhUmi, tAlAba Adi dAna karatA thA / saikar3oM rAjAoM ne asaMkhya brAhmaNoM kA varSo taka aura kabhI kabhI AjIvana pAlana-poSaNa kiyaa| Aja bhI maThoM, devAlayoM ke adhIna devasva athavA devasthAna kI karahIna bhUmi par3I hai, jisase unake svAmI maThAdhIza loga bar3e dhanavAnoM meM gine jAte haiM / mahAdeva (ziva) - trimUrti ke antargata ziva sarvAdhika lokapriya devatA haiM / gA~voM meM inheM mahAdeva kahate haiM aura pramukha devatA ke rUpa meM unakA pUjana eka gola patthara ke (ardhyapAtra) ke bIca meM hotA hai / unake pavitra vAhana 'nandI' kI mUrti (jo dharma kI pratIka hai) bhI sammukha nirmita hotI hai| unakI pUjA pradhAna rUpa se somavAra ko hotI hai kyoMki ve soma, ( sa + umA - soma), pArvatI se saMyukta mAne jAte haiN| unake prati koI pazu bali nahIM hotI hai| vizva patra, cAvala, candana, puSpa dvArA unake bhakta unakI arcA karate haiN| grISma kAla meM unake Upara tIna pairoM vAlI eka TikhaTI ke sahAre miTTI ke pAtra kI sthApanA karate haiN| jisake nIce chidra hotA hai jisase bUMda-bUMda kara samasta dina mUrti para jala par3A karatA hai / varSA na hone para kabhI kabhI grAmavAsI mahAdeva ko jalapAtra meM nimagna kara dete haiN| aisA vizvAsa hai ki ziva ko jala meM nimagna karane se varSA hotI hai / - / mahAdeva sarasvatI svayaMprakAzAnanda sarasvatI ke ziSya / inhoMne tattvAnusandhAna nAmaka eka prakaraNa grantha likhA / isa para inhoMne advaitacintAkaustuma nAma kI TIkA bhI likhI / tattvAnusandhAna bahuta sarala bhASA meM likhA gayA hai| inakA sthitikAla 18vIM zatAbdI thA / mahAdevI ( zivapatnI) - ziva kI zakti kA nAma / hajAroM nAma va rUpoM meM ye vizva ko dIpta karatI haiM / prakRti tathA vasanta Rtu kI AtmA ke rUpa meM durgA tathA anantatA kI mUrti ke rUpa meM kAlI pUjita mahAdevI hotI hai / mahAdvAdazI - bhAdrapada kI zravaNa nakSatrayuktA dvAdazI isa nAma se vikhyAta hai / isa dina upavAsa tathA viSNu kA pUjana karane se ananta puNyoM kI upalabdhi hotI hai /

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gAvA mahAnandA navamI-mahAphalavata 503 viSNu dharmottara ( 1.161.1-8 ) meM likhA hai ki yadi hai| kucha vidvAn bhAratI ko isakA saMkalanakAra yA bhAdrapada zukla pakSa kI dvAdazI budhavAra ko par3e aura usa TippaNI lekhaka hI mAnate haiN| isa prakAra yaha grantha aura dina zravaNa nakSatra ho to vaha atyanta mahatI (bar3I se bar3I) prAcIna ho sakatA hai| yaha do bhAgoM meM hai, kintu isakA hotI hai| isake atirikta ATha anya bhI pavitra mahA- prathama bhAga hI prakAzita evaM anUdita hai / dvAdaziyA~ hai, jinheM jayA, jayantI, unmIlinI, veJjulA, isake prathama tathA dvitIya adhyAya prAstAvika haiN| tIsare trispRzA Adi kahA jAtA hai / meM brahma ke dhyAna-cintana kA kathopakathana hai / zeSa adhyAya mahAnandA navamI-mAgha zukla navamI ko mahAnandA kahate na kevala vidhivat pUjA apitu caritra, parivAra tathA visarjana haiM / yaha tithi vrata hai| eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna sambandhI kriyAoM kA vivaraNa upasthita karate haiN| inameM hotA hai / durgA isakI devatA haiN| varSa ko cAra-cAra mAsoM cakrapUjA tathA paJcamakAra-mahimA bhI sammilita hai|| ke tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTakara prati bhAga meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra mahAnubhAMva--isa pantha ko mAnabhAU sampradAya yA dattAtreya ke puSpa, dhUpa, naivedya devI jI ko bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se sampadAya bhI kahate haiN| isakA varNana anyatra dattAtreya / arpaNa kiye jAte haiM / isase manuSya kI kAmanAeM pUrI hotI sampradAya ke rUpa meM huA hai / de0 'dattAtreya-sampradAya' / haiM tathA use brahmaloka kI prApti hotI hai| mahAnubhAva paMtha-mAnabhAU sampradAya kA hI zuddha rUpa mahAnumahAnavamI-(1) yaha durgA-pUjA kA utsava hai| isake lie bhAva pantha hai / de0 'dattA0 sampradAya' / / dekhie kRtyakalpataru ( rAjadharma ) pR0 191-195 tathA mahApaurNamAsIvrata-pratyeka mAsa kI paurNamAsI ko isa vrata rAjanItiprakAza pR0 439-444 / kA anuSThAna vihita hai| eka varSa taka isameM hari kA (2) Azvina zukla athavA kArtika zukla athavA mArga- pUjana hotA hai| isa dina choTI vastu kA bhI dAna mahAn zIrSa zukla navamI ko yaha vrata Arambha hotA hai| yaha puNya pradAna karatA hai| tithi vrata hai| durgA isakI devatA haiN| eka varSaparyanta mahApralaya nirUpaNa-nirgaNavAdI saMta sAhitya meM isa grantha isakA anuSThAna hotA hai / puSpa, dhUpa tathA vibhinna snAno- kI gaNanA hotI hai| isakI racanA 18vIM zatAbdI meM pakaraNa samarpita kiye jAte haiM / kucha mAsoM meM kanyAoM ko mahAtmA jagajIvana dAsa dvArA huI, jo 'satanAmI' bhojana karAyA jAtA hai| isase vratI devIloka ko prApta sAdhu the / karatA hai| mahAprasAda-saMskAra pUrvaka devatA ko arpita naivedya / vaiSNava mahAnAga-mahAnAga kA ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa (11.2,7, loga jagannAthajI ke bhoga lage hue bhAta ko mahAprasAda 12) meM huA hai, jahA~ yaha vizuddha paurANika nAma hai| kahate haiM / kahIM kahIM bali-pazu ke mAMsa ko bhI mahAprasAda mahAnArAyaNopaniSad-vaiSNava sAhitya (sAmAnya) meM isakI kahA gayA hai| bhI gaNanA hotI hai| racanA-kAla vi0 pU0 dUsarI zatAbdI mahAphala dvAdazI-vizAkhA nakSatra yukta pauSa kRSNa ekAdazI hai / isameM vAsudeva ko viSNu kA eka svarUpa kahA gayA ko isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai / viSNu isake devatA haiM / hai, jisase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki usa samaya bhI kRSNa eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna vihita hai| zarIra kI kisI na kiso artha meM viSNu ke rUpa mAne jAte the| yaha ___zuddhi ke lie katipaya mAsoM meM kucha vastue~ prayukta kI upaniSad kRSNa yajurveda kI taittirIya zAkhA kI hai| jAnI cAhie tathA prati dvAdazI ko kramazaH ina vastuoM mahAmiraSTa-yajJa dakSiNA kA vRSabha, jo yajurveda saMhitA meM se eka vastu dAna meM dI jAya, jaise-dhI, tila, caavl| (taittirIya saMhitA 1.8,9,1, kA0 saM0 15.4,9; maitrA0 isa vrata se vratI ko maraNoparAnta viSNa loka kI prApti saM0 2.6,5) meM rAjasUya kI dakSiNA ke rUpa meM ulli- hotI hai| khita hai| mahAphalavata-eka pakSa, cAra mAsa athavA eka varSa taka mahAnirvANatantra-bahu pracalita, prasiddha tantragrantha / isake vratI ko pratipadA se pUrNimA taka kevala eka vastu kA racayitA rAjAmohana rAya ke guru hariharAnanda bhAratI kahe nimnokta krama se AhAra karanA caahie| krama yaha haijAte haiM aura isa prakAra isakA racanAkAla 19vIM zatAbdI dugdha, puSpa, samasta khAdya padArtha namaka ko chor3akara, tila,

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504 mahAphala saptamI-mahAbhArata dugdha, puSpa, vanaspati, bela kA phala, ATA, binA pakAyA ise utpanna kiyA tathA bahuta dinoM taka ise apane kaNTha meM huA khAdya padArtha, upavAsa, dUdha meM ubAle hue zarkarA pahane rakhA / yahA~ kRSNA nadI kA udgama hone se yaha ramamizrita cAvala, jau, gomUtra tathA jala jisameM kuza DubAye NIkasthala ho gayA hai| pahale yahA~ bambaI pradeza ko grISmahue hoN| ina samasta dinoM meM nizcita vidhi-vidhAna kA kAlIna rAjadhAnI thii| yahA~ mahAbalezvara rUpa se bhagavAn hI AcaraNa karanA caahie| vrata se eka dina pUrva tIna zaGkara, atibalezvara rUpa se bhagavAn viSNu aura koTIsamaya snAna, upavAsa, vaidika mantroM tathA gAyatrI mantra kA zvara rUpa se bhagavAn brahmA nivAsa karate haiN| yahA~ pA~ca japa karanA caahie| isa AcaraNa se vibhinna prakAra ke nadiyoM kA udgama hai : sAvitrI, kRSNA, veNyA, kakudmatI puNya-phala prApta hote haiM aura vratI sIdhA sUryaloka (koyanA) aura gAyatrI / pAsa hI mahArAnI ahalyAbAI jAtA hai| kA banavAyA rudrezvaramandira hai| mudratIrtha, cakratIrtha, haMsamahAphala saptamI-ravivAra ko saptamI tithi tathA revatI tIrtha, pitRmukti tIrtha, araNyatIrtha, malApakarSatIrtha Adi nakSatra hone para azoka vRkSa kI kaliyoM se durgA jI kI aneka tIrtha sthala hai| prati varSa bahata bar3I saMkhyA meM yahA~ pUjAkara kaliyoM ko prasAda rUpa meM khA lenA caahie| yAtrI ekatra hote haiN| mahAphAlgunI-phAlguna mAsa kI pUrNimA ko candramA aura mahAvasavapurANa-vIra zaiva AcAryoM ne jo grantha kannaDa meM bahaspati donoM yadi pUrvA yA uttarA phAlgunI nakSatra meM likhe athavA anUdita kiye, unameM adhikatara purANa hI hoM taba yaha tithi mahAphAlgunI kahI jAtI hai| isameM haiN| mahAvasava purANa athavA mahavasavacaritra kI racanA bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai| 1450 vi0 ke lagabhaga sigirAja ne kI thii| isake mahAphetkArI tantra-'Agamatattva vilAsa' meM uddhRta tantroM telugu tathA tamila anuvAda bhI prApta hote haiM / kI sUcI meM 'mahAphekArI' bhI eka tantra hai| mahAbrAhmaNa-(1) bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad ( 2.1,19,22) meM isakA ullekha huA hai| yaha eka mahattvapUrNa brAhmaNa mahAbalIpuram--sudUra dakSiNa bhArata kA eka tIrtha / samudra ke grantha hai| kinAre yaha prasiddha sthAna hai / 7 vIM zatI meM ise sarvaprathama (2) mahAbrAhmaNa 'mahApAtra' brAhmaNoM ko bhI kahate haiM pallavarAja narasiMhavarmA ne basAyA thA / yahA~ patthara kATa jo mRtaka kI zayyA, vastrAbhUSaNa tathA ekAdazAha kA kara laMgUra ke samAna bandaroM kA eka samUha banAyA gayA hai, bhojana grahaNa karate haiN| isI ke madhya ziva mandira hai / gaNeza, viSNu, vAmana, varAha Adi anyAnya devatAoM ke bhI mandira aura mUttiyA~ mahAbhadrASTamI-pauSa zukla pakSa kI aSTamI yadi budhavAra haiM / ye mandira pallava vaMza ke narezoM dvArA banavAye gaye ko par3e to vaha mahAbhadrASTamI kahalAtI hai tathA atyanta the, jo sthApatya kI kalA meM apanI vizeSatA ke lie punIta mAnI jAtI hai| ziva isake devatA haiM / jagatprasiddha haiN| ina madiroM ko ratha kahate haiN| saptaratha mahAbhAgavata upapurANa-kucha vidvAnoM dvArA prasiddha upanAmaka yudhiSThira, bhIma, arjuna, nakula, sahadeva, gaNeza tathA purANoM meM se eka mahAbhAgavata bhI mAnA jAtA hai| vaiSNava draupadI ke maMdira bar3e prasiddha haiN| samudra ke jala se / isako upapurANa mAnane ke lie taiyAra nahIM hote / ve pracchAlita parvata bAhuoM ko kATakara banAye gaye ye maMdira loga zrImadbhAgavata ko mahApurANa mAnate haiM / de0 apanI sundaratA aura manamohakatA ke lie vizva 'shriimdbhaagvt'| prasiddha haiN| mahAbhAdrI-bhAdrapada mAsa kI pUrNimAsI ko candramA aura mahAbalezvara-koMkaNa dezastha pazcimI ghATa ke gokarNa nAmaka bRhaspati donoM bhAdrapadA nakSatra meM yadi sthita hoM taba yaha tIrthasthAna meM mahAbalezvara kA prasiddha mandira hai, jo tithi mahAbhAdrI kahI jAtI hai / isa dina dharmakRtya mahAna drAviDa zailI meM kAle Agnaya pattharoM se nirmita hai| isameM puNya pradAna karate haiN| 'AtmA' nAmaka prasiddha liGga sthApita hai| isake bAre meM mahAbhArata-purANoM kI zailI para nirmita sAMskRtika aura kahA jAtA hai ki brahmA kI sRSTi se krodhita ho ziva ne dhArmika itihAsa grantha, jisameM bharatavaMzaja kaurava aura

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mahAbhASya 505 pANDavoM kA caritra likhA gayA hai| isakI racanA ke tIna tathya hai, jo kahAnI meM banA rahA, yadyapi svAbhAvika rUpa krama kahe jAte haiM : prathama krama meM mUla bhArata AkhyAna kI se yaha Age calakara agrahaNIya samajhA jAne lgaa| isa racanA kRSNa dvaipAyana vyAsa ne 8800 zlokoM meM kI thii| kAla ( prathama avasthA ) kI eka samasyA kRSNa kA deva isakA parivardhita dUsarA saMskaraNa bhArata saMhitA nAma se rUpa meM utthAna hai, jinakA eka viruda vAsudeva thaa| kucha bAdarAyaNa vyAsa ne 24000 zlokoM meM apane ziSyoM ko vidvAnoM kA vizvAsa hai ki Adi ( prathama ) bhArata meM par3hAne ke lie kiyA / Age calakara jamamejaya aura vaiza- kRSNa kevala eka mAnava the tathA paravartI kAla meM hI unheM daivI pAyana ke saMvAda rUpa kA vistRta saMkalana mahAbhArata nAma rUpa milaa| dUsaroM kA mata hai ki mahAbhArata kRSNa meM se eka lAkha zlokoM meM sauti ne zaunaka Adi RSiyoM ko ___sadA devatA rahe haiN| sunAte hue saMpAdita kiyA / harivaMza khilaparva isakA pracalita mahAbhArata 18 paryoM meM vibhakta hai| ina parvI pariziSTa mAnA jAtA hai| ke avAntara bhI eka sau choTe parva haiM jinheM parvAdhyAya kahate __ Adhunika Alocaka isa mahAgrantha ko vedavyAsa aura haiN| parva nimnAMkita hai : unake ziSya-praziSyoM kI racanA na mAnakara bAda ke aneka 1. Adiparva 2. sabhAparva 3. vanaparva 4. virATaparva saMzodhaka-saMpAdaka paurANika vidvAnoM kA saMkalana yA saMgraha 5. udyoga parva 6. bhISma parva 7. droNa parva 8. karNa parva kahate haiN| unake vicAra meM bhArata nAmaka mahAkAvya mUlataH 9. zalya parva 10. sauptika parva 11. strI parva 12. vIragAthA rUpa meM thaa| kAlAntara meM janasAdhAraNa ke dharma zAnti parva ( ApaddharmaparvAdhyAya, mokSadharmaparvAdhyAya ) jJAna kA pramANa hone tathA vividha hindU sampradAyoM ke / 13. anuzAsana parva 14. Azvamedhika parva 15. AzramautthAna kA varNana upasthita karane ke kAraNa usakI mahattA vAsika parva 16 kauzala parva 17. sahAprAsthAnika parva bar3ha gyii| vidvAn isa mahAkAvya ke mizraNa yA parivardha aura 18. svargArohaNa parva / nAtmaka tIna kAloM para ekamata haiM / (ka) bhArata mahAkAvya kI sAdhAraNa kAvyamaya racanA : mahAbhArata kA khila athavA pariziSTa parva harivaMza dasavIM se pAMcavIM athavA cauthI zatAbdI I0 pU0 ke bIca / upapurANa ke nAma se khyAta hai jisameM bhagavAn kRSNa ke vaMza (kha) isa mahAkAvya kA vaiSNava AcAryoM dvArA sAmpra kA varNana hai| isI meM viSNuparva bhI hai aura zivacaryA bhI hai dAyika kAvya meM parivartana : dUsarI zatAbdI I0 pU0 / / aura sAtha hI sAtha adbhuta bhaviSya parva bhI hai jo parvA(ga) mahAbhArata kA vaiSNava IzvaravAda, dharma, darzana, dhyAya meM 10 vA parva ginA jAtA hai| viSNu parva meM rAjanIti, vidhi kA vizvakoza bana jAnA : IsA kI pahalI avatAroM kA varNana hai aura kRSNa dvArA kaMsa ke mAre tathA dUsarI shtaabdii| jAne kI kathA hai| isameM jainoM ke tIrthaGkara neminAtha vA prathama avasthA meM prastuta mahAbhArata ke viSayoM para / ariSTanemi ko kRSNa kI jJAti se sambaddha ginAyA gayA dRSTipAta karane se hama usakI dhArmika vizeSatAoM ko hai| isake bhaviSya varNana se aura jainiyoM kI carcA se bahatoM samajha sakate haiM, yadyapi naye tathyoM ke mela ko unase alaga ko anumAna hotA hai ki mahAbhArata kI eka lAkha kI karanA bar3A kaThina hai| usameM IzvaravAda hai, kintu devI saMkhyA pUrI karane ke lie yaha pariziSTa bahuta hI bAda meM avatAra tathA AtmA kA siddhAnta nahIM hai| tIna mukhya milAyA gayA / jainiyoM kA bhI harivaMza purANa hai devatA, indra, brahmA, aura agni haiN| dharma tathA kAma devatA jo isa harivaMza se bilakula bhinna hai| isameM neminAtha kI ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / kRSNa bhI haiM kintu mAnava yA kathA mukhya hai aura usI ke prasaMga meM zrI kRSNa aura unake devatA ke rUpa meM, yaha nizcayapUrvaka nahIM kahA jA sktaa| vaMza kA bhI vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| hai / mahAbhArata ke samAja meM jAtivAda kA pUrNa abhAva hai| mahAbhASya-pANini muni ke aSTAdhyAyI nAmaka vyAkaraNa striyoM ko paryApta svAdhInatA hai / sAdhAraNa niyama ke grantha para pataJjali kA mahAbhASya usa kAla kI racanA hai, viparIta brAhmaNa yoddhA kA kArya karate haiN| hindU abhI __ jaba zuGgoM dvArA baidika dharma kA punaruddhAra ho rahA thaa| zAkAhArI nahIM hue the / draupadI kA bahapatitva aitihAsika lyAkaraNa prantha hone ke sAtha-sAtha yaha aitihAsika, rAja

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506 mahAbhUta-mahAyajJa spaSTIkaraNa ke lie dharma zabda kA sAdhAraNa rUpa se aura yajJa zabda kA vizeSa rUpa se prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / nItika, bhaugolika evaM dArzanika mahattva rakhatA hai| racanA-kAla vi0 pU0 100 saM0 ke lagabhaga hai| mahAbhUta-jina tattvoM se sRSTi ( sthUla ) kI racanA huI hai unheM 'mahAbhUta' kahate haiM / paJca mahAbhUtoM ke siddhAnta ko sAMkhya darzana bhI mAnatA hai evaM vahA~ isake do vibhAjanoM dvArA usakA aura bhI sUkSma vikAsa kiyA gayA gayA hai / ve do vibhAjana haiM : (1) tanmAtrA ( sUkSmabhUta ) tathA (2) mahAbhata ( sthala bhUta ) / dUsare vibhAga meM pA~ca mahAbhUta haiM-pRthvI, jala, teja ( agni ), vAyu aura AkAza / / mahAmAghI-jaba sUrya zravaNa nakSatra kA tathA candramA madhA nakSatra kA ho to yaha tithi mahAmAdhI kahalAtI hai| 'puruSArthacintAmaNi' ( 313-314 ) ke anusAra jaba zani meSa rAzi para ho, candra tathA vRhaspati siMha rAzi para hoM tathA sUrya zravaNa nakSatra meM ho to yaha yoga mahAmAghI kahA jAtA hai / isa parva para prayAga meM triveNI saMgama athavA anya pavitra nadiyoM tathA sarovaroM meM prAtaH kAla mAgha mAsa meM snAna karanA samasta mahApApoM kA nAzaka hai| yajJa aura yahAyajJa eka hI anuSThAna haiM, phira bhI donoM meM kiJcid bheda hai| yajJa meM phalarUpa Atmonnati ke sAtha vyaSTi kA sambandha jur3A rahatA hai| ataH isameM svArtha pakSa prabala hai| para mahAyajJa samaSTi-pradhAna hotA hai / ataH isameM vyakti ke sAtha jagatkalyANa aura AtmA kA kalyANa nihita rahatA hai / niSkAma karmarUpa audArya se isakA adhika sambandha hai| isalie maharSi bharadvAja ne kahA hai ki sukauzalapUrNa karma hI yajJa hai aura samaSTi sambandha se usI ko mahAyajJa kahate haiN| tamilanADu meM 'makha' vArSika mandirotsava hotA hai tathA bAraha varSoM ke bAda 'mahAmakha' manAyA jAtA hai / usa samaya kumbhakoNam nAmaka sthAna meM eka bhArI melA lagatA hai / jahA~ 'mahAmagha' nAmaka sarovara meM snAna kiyA jAtA hai / isa vizAla mele kI tulanA prayAga ke kumbha se kI jA sakatI hai| dakSiNa bhArata meM yaha melA 'mamaMghama' nAma se prasiddha hai tathA usa samaya hotA hai jaba pUrNa candra maghA nakSatra kA ho aura bRhaspati siMha rAzi para sthita ho / yaha Azcaryajanaka bAta hI kahI jAyagI ki madhyakAla kA koI bhI dharmagrantha mahAmakham utsava tathA kumbha mele ke viSaya meM kucha bhI ullekha nahIM krtaa| itanA avazya jJAta hai ki samrATa harSavarddhana prati pA~ca varSoM ke bAda prayAga ke vistRta kSetra meM triveNIsaMgama ke pazcimavartI taTa para, jahA~ Ajakala bhI mAgha meM melA lagatA hai, apane rAjakoSa ko brAhmaNoM, bhikSuoM tathA nirdhanoM meM vitarita karatA thaa| mahAyajJa--zAstroM meM prANimAtra ke hitakArI puruSArtha ko yajJa kahA gayA hai / dharma aura yajJa vastutaH kArya aura kAraNa rUpa se eka dUsare ke paryAyavAcI hai| vaijJAnika yajJa aura mahAyajJa ko paribhASita karate hue maharSi aMgirA ne isa prakAra kahA hai : vyaktisApekSa vyaSTi dharmakArya ko yajJa tathA sArvabhauma samaSTi dharmakArya ko mahAyajJa kahate hai / vastutaH zAstroM meM jIva svArtha ke cAra bheda batAye gaye hai-svArtha, paramArtha, paropakAra aura paramopakAra / tattvajJoM ke anusAra jIva kA laukika sukha-sAdhana svArtha hai aura pAralaukika sukha ke lie kRta puruSArtha ko paramArtha kahate haiN| dUsare jIvoM ke laukika sukha sAdhana ekatra karane kA kArya paropakAra aura anya jIvoM ke pAralaukika kalyANa karAne ke lie kiyA gayA prayatna paramopakAra kahalAtA hai / svArtha aura paramArtha yajJa se tathA paropakAra aura paramopakAra mahAyajJa se sambaddha hai / mahAyajJa prAyaH niSkAma hotA hai aura sAdhaka ke lie muktidAyaka hotA hai| smRtiyoM meM paJcasunA doSanAzaka paJca mahAyajJoM kA jo vidhAna kiyA gayA hai, vaha vyaSTi jIvana se sambaddha hai / usakA phala gauNa hotA hai / vastutaH paJcamahAyajJa usakI apekSA uccatara stara rakhatA hai / usakA pramukha lakSyarUpa phala vizvajIvana ke sAtha ekatA sthApita kara Atmonnati karanA hai| ve paJcamahAyajJa-brahmayajJa, devayajJa, pitRyajJa, nRyajJa tathA bhUtayajJa hai| manu ke anusAra adhyayana-adhyApana ko brahmayajJa, anna-jala ke dvArA nitya pitaroM kA tarpaNa karanA pitRyajJa, deva-homa devayajJa, pazu-pakSiyoM ko annAdi dAna bhUtayajJa tathA atithiyoM kI sevA nRyajJa hai / ina paMcamahAyajJoM kA yathAzakti vidhivat anuSThAna karane vAle gRhastha ko paMcasunA doSa nahIM lagate / ina karmoM se virata

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mahAyogI-mahAlakSmIpUjA 507 rahane vAle kA jIvana vyartha hai / adhyayana aura daivakarma meM pravRtta rahane vAlA vyakti carAcara vizva kA dhAraNakartA bana sakatA hai| devayajJa kI agnyAhuti sUryaloka ko jAtI hai jisase varSA hotI hai, varSA se anna utpanna hotA hai aura anna se prajA kA udbhava hotA hai / ataeva manuSya ko RSi, devatA, pita, bhUta aura atithi sabhI ke prati niSThavAn honA cAhie, kyoMki ye saba gRhastha se kucha-nakucha cAhate haiM / ataH gRhastha ko cAhie ki vaha vedazAstroM ke svAdhyAya se RSiyoM ko, devayajJa dvArA devatAoM ko, zrAddha rUpa piNDa-jaladAna ke dvArA pitaroM ko, annadvArA manuSyoM ko aura balivaizvadeva dvArA pazu-pakSI Adi bhUtoM ko tRpti pradAna kre| ina paJca mahAyajJoM ko nitya karane vAlA gahastha apane sabhI dhArmika sAmAjika, sAMskRtika katavyoM ko pUrNa karatA hai evaM samasta vizva se apanI ekAtmatA kA anubhava karatA hai| mahAyogI-dhyAna, yoga aura tapasyA-bhArata kI ye prAcIna sAdhanAe~ sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM ko mAnya rahI haiM / ziva inake pratIka hai, ataH ve mahAyogI mAne jAte haiN| sindhu ghATI ke prAcIna sabhyatAsmArakoM meM ziva kA dhyAnayogI ke rUpa meM mUrta AkAra prApta huA hai| unakA yogI rUpa buddha se bahuta kucha milatA-julatA hai| eliphaiNTA guhA meM ziva ke mahAyogI rUpa kA pAyA jAnA isa bAta kA pramANa hai ki brAhmaNoM aura bauddhoM kI, jahA~ taka yoga aura dhyAna kA sambandha hai, samAna paramparAeM thiiN| mahAra-hinduoM ke aspRzya varga kI eka jAti kA, jo carmakAra kahalAtI hai, mahArASTra meM pracalita nAma / viThThala yA viDhobA (viSNu) ke paNDharapura sthita mandira meM mahAra logoM kA praveza niSiddha thaa| isa mandira ke ThIka sAmane sar3aka ko dUsarI ora mahAra logoM kA mandira hai, jise cokhA melA nAmaka eka mahAra bhakta ne banavAyA thaa| usakI kavitA Aja bhI sajIva hai tathA usake kucha aMza ati sundara haiN| mahArAjavata-zukla yA kRSNa pakSa kI caturdazI ArdrA nakSatra ko athavA pUrvAbhAdrapada tathA uttarAbhAdrapada ko AtI ho to vaha bhagavAn ziva ko atyanta AnandadAyinI ho jAtI hai / pUrvavartI trayodazI ko saMkalpa kara caturdazI ko mRttikA, paJcagavya, tadanantara zuddha jala se snAna karanA caahie| taduparAnta 1000 bAra zivasaMkalpa sUkta (yajjAgrato dUram0 ) kA prathama tIna varNa vAle loga tathA 'om namaH zivAya' maMtra kA zUdra loga japa kreN| bhagavAna ziva tathA pArvatI kI pratimAoM ko paJcAmRta, paJcagavya, ganne ke rasa se snAna karAne ke bAda kastUrI, kesara Adi sugandhita padArthoM kA una para pralepa kiyA jAya / dIpoM ko prajjvalita kara unheM paMktibaddha rakha denA cAhie / eka sahasra bilva patroM se ziva saMkalpa maMtra athavA 'tryambakaM yajAmahe'" "kA pATha karate hae homa karanA caahie| tadanantara ziva jI ko nizcita maMtroM se arghya dAna karanA caahie| vratI rAta bhara jAgaraNa tathA pA~ca, do yA kama se kama eka gau kA dAna kare / paMcagavya prAzana ke bAda vratI ko mauna rakhakara bhojana karana caahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se samasta vighna-bAdhAe~ dUra hotI hai tathA vratI zreSTha lakSya ko prApta kara letA hai| mahArAmAyaNa-aisA eka pravAda hai ki vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa Adi rAmAyaNa nahIM hai| Adi rAmAyaNa bhagavAna zaGkara kI racI huI bahuta bar3I pustaka thI jo aba upalabdha nahIM hai| isakA nAma mahArAmAyaNa batalAyA jAtA hai / isako satayuga meM bhagavAn zaGkara ne pArvatI ko sunAyA thaa| isameM tIna lAkha pacAsa hajAra zloka haiM aura sAta kANDoM meM vibhakta hai / vilakSaNatA yaha hai ki sAtha hI sAtha usameM vedAnta varNana hai aura navarasoM meM usakA vikAsa dikhAyA gayA hai| mahAraurava-tapta ghora narakoM meM se eka nrk| isameM 'ruru' ke kATane se rudana aura krandana kI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| garuDapurANa meM isakA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| mahAlakSmI pUjA-isa vrata ke viSaya meM matabheda hai| 'kRtyasArasamuccaya', pR0 19 tathA 'ahalyAkAmadhenu' kahate haiM ki bhAdra zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA prArambha kara Azvina kRSNa aSTamI ko ( pUrNimAnta ) samApta karanA caahie| yaha vrata 16 dinoM taka calanA caahie| isameM pratidina lakSmI jI kI pUjA tathA kathA sunI jAtI hai / mahArASTra meM mahAlakSmI kI pUjA Azvina zukla aSTamI ko madhyAhna ke samaya muvatI navoDhAoM dvArA hotI hai tathA rAtri samasta vivAhitA nAriyA~ eka sAtha ikaTThI

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508 mahAlakSmI-mahAvIra hokara pUjana meM sammilita hotI haiN| ve apane hAthoM meM khAlI kalaza grahaNa kara usameM hI apane zvAsa-prazvAsa khIMcatI haiM tathA bhinna-bhinna prakAra se apane zarIra ko jhukAtI haiN| puruSArthacintAmaNi ( 10 129-132) meM isakA lambA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha ke anusAra yaha vrata strI tathA puruSa donoM ke lie hai| mahAlakSmI-RSiyoM ne saSTi vidyA kI mUla kAraNa tIna mahAzaktiyA~-mahAsarasvatI, mahAlakSmI aura mahAkAlI- svIkAra kiyA hai inase ho kramazaH saSTi, pAlana aura pralaya ke kArya hote haiN| eka hI aja puruSa kI ajA nAma se prasiddha mahAzakti tIna rUpoM meM pariNata hokara sRSTi, pAlana aura pralaya kI adhiSThAtrI bana jAtI hai| mahAlakSmIvrata-sUrya ke kanyA rAzi meM Ane se pUrva bhAdra zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata ko Arambha karanA cAhie aura agrima aSTamI ko hI (16 dinoM meM) pUjA tathA vrata samApta kara denA cAhie / sambhava ho to vrata jyeSThA nakSatra ko prArambha kiyA jAnA caahie| 16 varSoM taka isa vrata kA AcaraNa honA cAhie / yahA~ strI puruSoM ke lie 16 kI saMkhyA atyanta pradhAna hai, jaise puSpoM aura phaloM ityAdi ke lie bhI 16 kI saMkhyA kA hI vidhAna hai| vratI ko apane dAhine hAtha meM 16 dhAgoM kA 16 gA~ThoM vAlA sUtra dhAraNa karanA caahie| isa vrata se lakSmI jI vrata karane vAle kA tIna janmoM taka sAtha nahIM chodd'tiiN| use dIrghAyu, svAsthyAdi bhI prApta hotA hai / mahAlayA-Azvina mAsa kA kRSNa pakSa mahAlayA kahalAtA hai| isa pakSa meM pArvaNa zrAddha yA to sabhI dinoM meM yA kama se kama eka tithi ko avazya karanA caahie| de0 tithitattva, 166; varSakRtyadIpikA, 80 / mahAvana-vrajamaMDala meM mathurA se cAra kosa dUra yamunA pAra kA eka yAtrA sthala, jise purAnA gokula kahate haiN| yahA~ nandabhavana hai / pahale nandajI yahIM rahate the| cintAharaNa, yamalArjunabhaGga, vatsacAraNasthAna, nandakUpa, pUtanAkhAra, zakarAsurabhaGga, nandabhavana, dadhimanthanasthAna, chaThIpAlanA, caurAsIkhambhoM kA mandira (dAUjI kI mUrti), mathurAnAtha, zyAmajI kA mandira, gAyoM kA khir3aka, gobara ke TIle dAU jI aura zrIkRSNa kI ramaNaretI, gopakapa tathA nArada TolA Adi isake antargata yAtriyoM ke lie darzanIya sthAna haiN| madhyakIlA meM yahA~ ke kSatriya rAjA aura usakI rAjadhAnI evaM durga ko musalamAna AkramaNakAriyoM ne naSTabhraSTa kara diyA thaa| ina dhvaMsAvazeSoM meM hI upayukta sthAna pUjA-yAtrAsthala mAne jAte haiN| mahAvidyA-(1) rahasyapUrNa jJAna, prabhAvazAlI mantra aura siddha stotra yA stavarAja mahAvidyA kahe jAte haiN| atharvapariziSTa ke nArAyaNa, rudra, durgA, sUrya aura gaNapati ke sUkta bhI mahAvidyA kahe gaye haiN| (2) niyama (veda) jise virAT vidyA kahate haiM Agama (tantra) use hI mahAvidyA kahate haiN| dakSiNa aura vAma donoM mArga vAle dasa mahAvidyAoM kI upAsanA karate haiN| ye haiM-mahAkAlI, ugratArA, SoDazI, bhuvanezvarI, chinnamastA, bhaikhI, dhUmAvatI, bagalAmukhI, mAtaGgI aura kmlaa| mahAvIra-(1) jainiyoM ke caubIsaveM tIrthaGkara aura jainadharma ke antima pravartaka / vAstava meM aitihAsika jainadharma ke ye hI pravartaka mAne jAte haiN| inakA janma 599 I0 pU0 licchavigaNasaMgha kI jJAtrizAkhA meM vaizAlI ke pAsa kuNDinapura meM huaa| inake pitA kA nAma siddhArtha aura mAtA kA nAma trizalA thaa| siddhArtha eka sAmAnya gaNamukhya the| mahAvIra kA bAlyAvasthA kA nAma vardhamAna thaa| ve prArambha se hI cintanazIla aura virakta the / siddhArtha ne vardhamAna kA vivAha yazodA nAmaka yuvatI se kara diyaa| unakI eka kanyA bhI utpanna huii| parantu sAMsArika kAryoM meM unakA mana nahIM lgaa| jaba ye tIsa varSa ke hue taba kisI buddha athavA arhata ne Akara inako jJAnopadeza dekara yati dharma meM dIkSita kara diyaa| isI varSa ve mArgazIrSa kRSNa dazamI ko parivAra aura sAMsArika bandhanoM ko chor3akara vana meM cale gye| yahA~ para saMsAra ke duHkhoM aura unase mukti ke mArga para inhoMne vicAra karanA prArambha kiyA, ghora tapasyA kA jIvana bitaayaa| bAraha varSoM taka eka Asana se baiThe hue atyanta sUkSma vicAra meM magna rhe| isake anta meM unheM sanyaka jJAna prApta huA, sarvajJatA kI upalabdhi huii| __ saMsAra, deva, manuSya, asura, sabhI jIvadhAriyoM kI sabhI avasthAoM ko ve jAna gye| aba ve jina (karma ke Upara vijayI) ho gye| isake anantara aSTAdaza guNoM meM yukta tIrthaGkara ho gaye tathA tIsa varSoM taka apane siddhAntoM kA

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mahAvaMta-mahAzAntividhi pracAra karate rhe| ve mahAvIra viruda se prasiddha hue| kara naivedya arpita karane kA vidhAna hai| isake uparAnta bahattara varSa kI avasthA meM mahAvIra ne apanA antima AcArya tathA sapatnIka brAhmaNoM ko suvarNa tathA vastra dAna upadeza diyA aura nirvANa ko prApta hue / karanA cAhie / solaha varSoM taka upavAsa, nakta, ayAcita unakA nirvANa kArtika kRSNa amAvasyA kA mallagaNa vidhiyoM se thor3e bahuta parivartanoM ke sAtha isa vrata kA kI dUsarI rAjadhAnI pAvA (kuzInagara se 12 mIla dUra AcaraNa kiyA jAnA caahie| isase dIrghAyu, saundarya, devariyA jilA meM) meM haa| malloM ne unake nirvANa ke saubhAgya kI prApti hotI hai cAhe vratI strI ho yA puruSa / upalakSya meM dIpamAlikA jlaayii| pAvA jainoM kA pavitra (4) isa vrata ke anusAra prati pUrNamAsI ko upavAsa tIrthasthAna hai| paTanA jile kI pAvA na garI kalpita hai| tathA hari kA sakala (sAvayava, sAkAra) brahma ke rUpa meM paTanA (pATaliputra) magadhasAmrAjya kI rAjadhAnI thii| pUjana vihita hai tathA amAvasyA ko (nirAkAra, nikhayava) isa jile meM mallagaNa (athavA kisI bhI gaNa) kA honA brahma kA pUjana hotA hai| yaha vrata eka varSaparyanta calatA asaMbhava thaa| aisA lagatA hai ki jaba mUla pAvA ko musa- hai| vratI samasta pApoM se mukta hokara svarga prApta karatA lamAnoM ne bhraSTa kara diyA taba jainiyoM ne paTanA meM dUsarI hai| yadi yaha vrata 12 varSoM taka kiyA jAya to vratI viSNu pAvApurI kalpita kara lI / de0 'varNI abhinandana grnth'| loka ko prApta hotA hai| de0 viSNudharma 03.198,1-7 / (2) hanumAna kA eka nAma / bhagavAn rAma ke sahAyaka (5) kRSNa tathA zukla pakSa kI aSTamI yA caturdazI aura senAnAyaka ke rUpa meM inakI rAmAyaNAntargata kathA ko nakta vidhi se AhAra karate hue ziva jI kA pUjana se hindU mAtra suparicita hai / vIratApUrNa kRtiyoM ke kAraNa karanA cAhie / yaha vrata eka varSa taka calatA hai| isase hI inakA nAma 'mahAvIra' pdd'aa| inakI pUjA uttarabhArata meM sarvottama siddhi prApta hotI hai| de0 hemAdri 2.398 pracalita hai| roTa tathA miThAI, puSpAdi sahita inako (liGga purANa se)| car3hAte haiM / pazubali Adi inakI pUjA meM vajita hai| de0 mahAzakti-sRSTi kI utpAdikA pAlikA tathA saMhArikA 'hanumAna' / mahAzaktiyA~ tIna hai-mahAsarasvatI, mahAlakSmI aura mahAvata-(1) isa vrata ke anusAra mAgha athavA caitra meM mahAkAlI / de0 'mahAlakSmI' / 'gaDadhenu' kA dAna karanA cAhie tathA dvitIyA ke dina mahAzAnti vidhi-atharvaveda ke nakSatrakalpa meM prathama zAntikevala gaDa kA AhAra karanA caahie| isase goloka kRtya kRttikAdi nakSatroM kI pUjA aura homa batalAyA gayA kI prApti hoto hai / 'gur3adhenu' ke lie dekhie matsya hai| usake pazcAt amRta se lekara abhayaparyanta mahAzAnti purANa, 82 / ke nimittabheda se tIsa prakAra ke karma batalAye gaye haiM, (2) caturdazI athavA zuklASTamI jaba zravaNa nakSatra- yathA-divya, antarikSa aura bhUmiloka ke utpAtoM kI amata yukta hoM usa samaya upavAsa ke sAtha vrata kA Arambha nAma kI mahAzAnti, gatAyu ke punajIvana ke lie vaizvadevI karanA cAhie / yaha tithivata hai| ziva isake devatA haiN| mahAzAnti, agnimaya nivRtti ke lie aura saba taraha kI yaha vrata rAjAoM dvArA AcaraNIya hai| kAmanA prApti ke lie AgneyI mahAzAnti, nakSatra aura (3) kArtika kI amAvasyA athavA pUrNimA ke dina graha se bhayArtta rogI ke rogamukta hone ke lie bhArgavI manuSya ko niyamoM ke AcaraNa kA vrata lenA caahie| mahAzAnti, brahmavarcasa cAhane vAle ke vastrazayana aura naktapaddhati se AhAra karanA cAhie tathA dhRtamizrita agnijvalana ke lie brAhmI mahAzAnti, rAjyazrI cAhane pAyasa khAnA cAhie / candana tathA ganne ke rasa ke prayoga vAle ke lie bArhaspatya mahAzAnti, prajA, pazu aura dhana kA bhI isameM vidhAna hai| pratipadA ke dina upavAsa rakhate lAbha ke lie prAjAvatyamahAzAnti, zuddhi cAhane vAloM hae ATha yA solaha zaiva brAhmaNoM ko bhojanArtha nimantrita ke lie sAvitrI mahAzAnti, chanda aura brahmavarcas cAhane karanA caahie| ziva isake devatA haiN| ziva jI kii| vAloM ke lie gAyatrI mahAzAnti, sampatti cAhane vAle pratimA ko paJcagavya, ghRta, madhu tathA anyANya vastuoM se aura abhicAraka se abhinayamANa vyakti ke lie AMgisnAna karAnA cAhie / anta meM uSNa jala se snAna karA- rasI mahAzAnti, vijaya, bala, puSTikAmI aura paracakro

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510 chedanakAsI ke lie aindrI mahAzAnti aura adbhuta vikAranivAraNa aura rAjya kAmanA ke lie mAhendrI mahAzAnti ityAdi / mahAzephanagna mahAbhArata meM prathama bAra liGga-pUjA kA varNana prApta hotA hai / anekAneka liGgavAcaka zabdoM ke sAtha (13.14,157) meM 'mahAzephanagna' kA ullekha huA hai / isakA artha hai 'nagna liGga' / mahAzvetApriya vidhi ravivAra ko sUrya grahaNa hone para yaha vrata AcaraNIya hai / ekabhakta, nakta athavA upavAsa rakhane ke bAda mahAzvetA ( tathA sUrya ) kA pUjana karanA caahie| isase vratI atyucca sthAna prApta kara letA hai| mahAzvetA mantra hai-- hrIM hrIM saH ( kRtya kalpataru, 9 tathA hemAdri, 2.521 ) / mahASaSThI kArtika zukla SaSThI ko sUrya vRzcika rAzi para ho tathA bhaumavAra kA dina ho to vaha mahASaSThI kahalAtI haiM / vrato ko paMcamI ke dina upavAsa rakhanA cAhie aura SaSThI ko agnipUjana kara agnimahotsava kA Ayojana karanA caahie| isake bAda brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA cAhie | isase samasta duritoM kA kSaya avazyambhAvI hai / mahASTamI - Azvina zukla aSTamI (navarAtra) ko mahASTamI kahate haiM / isa dina durgA kA vizeSa prakAra se pUjana hotA hai / -- mahAsaptamI - isa vrata ke anusAra mAgha zukla paJcamI ko ekabhakta, SaSThI ko nakta tathA saptamI ko upavAsa kA vidhAna hai / isa avasara para karavIra ke puSpoM tathA lAla candana ke lepa se sUrya kA pUjana karanA cAhie / varSa ko mAgha mAsa se cAra-cAra mahInoM ke tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA jAya tathA pratyeka bhAga meM bhinna-bhinna raMga ke puSpa, bhinnabhinna prakAra kA naivedya tathA dhUpa prayukta kiyA jAya / vrata ke anta meM ratha kA dAna vihita hai / --- mahAsarasvatI tIna mahAzaktiyoM meM se eka yaM jJAna kI adhiSThAtrI devI haiM / de0 "mahAlakSmI' | mahAsaMhitA vaiSNava saMhitA kA nAma, jo eka Agama hai| madhvAcArya ne apane granthoM meM mahAsaMhitA se aneka uddharaNa lie haiM / - mahAsiddhasAratantra - yaha tantra paryApta pIche kA racA jAna par3atA hai| isameM 192 nAmoM kI sUcI hai jo tIna vibhAgoM meM ghaMTI hai| pratyeka meM 64 nAma hai| vibhAjanoM ke nAma mahAzephanagna-mahIvAsa hai : viSNukrAnta, rathakrAnta evaM azvakrAnta / sUcI paryApta navIna hai kyoMki isameM mahAnirvANatantra bhI sammilita hai / 192 nAmoM kI sUcI meM vAmakezvara kI sUcI se milate kevala 10 nAma haiM / mahAsvAmI - sAmasaMhitA ke eka bhASyakAra kA nAma / mahimnaH stotra - zaMkarajI kI mahimA kA upasthApaka, ucca koTi kA stotragrantha yaha gandharvarAja puSpadanta kI racanA | kahI jAtI hai| mahimna stotra ke pratyeka zloka kI ziva viSNuparaka vyAkhyA madhusUdana sarasvatI ne racI hai jo nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI se prakAzita hai | mahiSa eka asura kA nAma, jo tamoguNa kA pratIka hai | durgA apanI zakti se isI kA chedana karatI haiM / sarva prathama durgA viSayaka varNana mahAbhArata meM prApta hotA hai ( 4.6 ) jisameM durgA ko mahiSarmAdanI ( mahiSa ko mArane vAlI ) kahA gayA hai / --- mahiSaghnIpUjA - Azvina zukla aSTamI ko isakA anuSThAna hotA hai| isameM durgA devI kI pUjA hotI hai / mahiSAsura kA vadha karane vAlI durgA jI kI pratimA ko haridrAyukta jala meM snAna karAkara candana tathA kesara kA pralepa kiyA jAtA hai / kanyAoM tathA brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara unheM dakSiNA pradAna kI jAtI hai aura dIpa prajjvalita kiye jAte haiN| isase vratI kI samasta manokAmanAoM kI pUrti hotI hai| mahiSI - rAjA kI patniyoM meM se sarvaprathama paTarAnI, abhiSikta mahArAnI paravartI sAhitya meM isakA ullekha pracura huA hai / kadAcit Rgveda meM bhI yaha zabda isI artha ke sAtha vyavahuta huA hai / 5.2,25.37, 3) azvamedha Adi yajJoM meM rAjA ke sAtha vahI pramukha bhAga letI thii| mahIdAsa - brAhmaNa-granthoM ke eka saMkalanakartA / aitareya AraNyaka ke pA~ca grantha Ajakala pAye jAte haiM / inameM se hara eka kA nAma AraNyaka hai| dUsare ke uttarArdha ke zeSa ke cAra pariccheda vedAnta granthoM meM gine jAte haiM / isalie unakA nAma aitareya upaniSad hai / dUsare aura tIsare bhAga ko mahIdAsa aitareya ne saMkalita kiyaa| vizAla ke ura ( hRdaya ) se aura itarA ke garbha se mahIdAsa kA janma huA / mAtA ke upAdhi paayii| nAmAnusAra unhoMne nAmAnusAra unhoMne aitareya kI

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mahIdhara-mAgari 511 mahIdhara-yajurveda kI vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke eka bhASyakAra / (2) yadi koI 'dakSiNAmUrti' ko prati dina pAyasa tathA isa saMhitA para sAyaNAcArya kA bhASya nahIM miltaa| ghI varSa bhara arpita kare, vrata ke anta meM upavAsa kare, unvaTa-mahIdhara bhASya hI adhika pracalita hai| mahIdhara ne jAgaraNa kare tathA dAna meM bhUmi, gau tathA vastra de to use 1649 vi0 meM mantramahodadhi nAmaka dakSiNamArgI zAkta nandI (zivajI kA gaNa) pada prApta hotA hai| dakSiNAmUrti zAkhA sambandhI prasiddha grantha bhI likhaa| isakA upayoga zivajI kA hI eka rUpa hai / zaGkarAcArya kA racita eka sAre bhArata meM zAkta evaM zaiva samAna rUpa se karate haiN| dakSiNAmUrtistotra bhI prasiddha hai| svayaM granthakAra kI racI isa para TokA bhI hai| mahezvarASTamI-mArgazIrSa zuklANTamI ko isa vrata kA mahIpati-aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke eka mahArASTrIya bhakta, prArambha hotA hai / liGgarUpa ziva kA athavA zivajI kI jinhoMne apanI zakti bhaktoM va santoM kI jovanI likhane mUrti kA athavA kamala para zivajI kA pUjana tathA dugdha meM lgaayii| inake likhe grantha haiM---santalIlAmRta, aura ghRta se mUrti ko snAna karAnA caahie| vrata ke anta (1732 ), bhaktavijaya (1779 ), kathAsArAmRta meM gau kA dAna vihita hai| eka varSa taka yaha krama cala ( 1732 ), bhaktalIlAmRta ( 1734 ) tathA santavijaya / make to azvamedha yajJa kA phala prApta hotA hai tathA vratI aadi| zivaloka ko jAtA hai| mahImnastava-vizeSa zaiva sAhitya meM isakI gaNanA hotI mahotsava vrata-prati varSa caitra zukla caturdazI ko zivajI kI mati ko dUdha-dahI Adi se snAna karAkara pUjana hai| grantha kA sampAdana tathA aMgrejI anuvAda Arthara karanA cAhie tathA sugandhita dravyoM kA pralepa karanA evalaoNna ne kiyA hai| caahie| isa avasara para zivamUrti ke samakSa damanaka patroM mahendrakRccha-kArtika zukla SaSThI se kevala dugdhAhAra karate kA samarpaNa vihita hai / cAvala ke ATe ke dIpaka banAkara hue dAmodara bhagavAn kA pUjana karanA caahie| de0 zivajI ke sammukha prajjvalita kiye jAte haiN| bhA~ti-bhAMti hemAdri, 2.769-770 / ke khAdya padArthoM ko naivedya ke rUpa meM samarpaNa kara zaMkha. maheza-(1) ziva kA eka paryAya / isakA zAbdika artha hai ghaMTA. ghaDiyAla, nagAr3e bajAye jAte haiM aura anta meM mahAn Izvara / zivajI kI rathayAtrA nikAlI jAtI hai| (2) liGgAyata loga AdhyAtmika unnati kI kaI mahodadhi amAvasyA-caturdazI yukta mArgazIrSa mAsa kI avasthAe~ mAnate haiM / maheza inameM tIsarI avasthA hai| unakA krama isa prakAra hai| yajJa ke phala kI prApti hotI hai / __ ziva, bhakti, maheza, prasAda, prANaliGga, zaraNa evaM mahopaniSada-eka paravartI upaniSad / zvetadIpa meM nArada ko aikya / bhagavAn ke darzana hone aura donoM ke saMbhASaNa kA varNana mahezvara-tamila tathA vIrazaiva gaNa Ajakala apane ko isameM kiyA gayA hai| isake antargata kahA gayA hai ki 'mahezvara' kahate haiM, pAzupata nahIM; yadyapi unakA sampUrNa nArada kA banAyA huA pAJja rAtra zAstra hai aura unhoMne dharma mahAbhArata ke pAzupata siddhAnta para AdhArita hai| hI bhAgavata bhakti kI avatAraNA kii| mahezvara nAma ziva kA hai| mAkarI saptamI-mAgha kRSNa saptamI ko, jaba sUrya makara mahezvaravrata-(1) phAlguna zukla caturdazI ko isa vrata kA rAzipara ho, mAkarI saptamI kahate hai| isa dina vrata kA prArambha hotA hai / usa dina upavAsa rakhakara ziva jI kI vidhAna hai| prAtaHkAla gaMgA Adi nadiyoM meM snAna kara pUjA karanI cAhie / vrata ke anta meM gau kA dAna vihita sUrya nArAyaNa kI pUjA kI jAtI hai| hai / yadi isa vrata ko varSa bhara kiyA jAya to pauNDarIka mAgari-yajurveda ( vAjasaneyI saMhitA 30.16; taittirIya yajJa kA puNya prApta hotA hai / yadi vratI prati mAsa kI brAhmaNa 3.4,121 ) meM uddhRta puruSamedha kA eka balipazu / donoM caturdaziyoM ko isa vrata kA AcaraNa kare to usake isakA artha spaSTataH zikArI yA sambhavataH machuvA pratIta saba saMkalpa pUre hote haiM / hotA hai| yaha zabda mugAri (pazuoM kA zatru) kA vidrUpa hai|

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512 mAgha-kRtya-mANDUkAyanI mAghakRtya-mAgha mAsa meM kucha mahattvapUrNa vrata hote haiM, yathA mahAn puNya pradAtA mAgha snAna gaMgA tathA yamunA ke saMgama tila caturthI, rathasaptamI, bhISmASTamI, jo isa sUcI meM sthala kA mAnA jAtA hai / vistRta jAnakArI ke lie de0 pRthak hI ullikhita haiM / kucha choTe-choTe viSaya yahA~ prakaTa padmapurANa, 5 (jisameM mAgha snAna ke mAhAtmya ko hI kie jA rahe haiM / mAgha zukla caturthI umA caturthI kahI varNana karane vAle 2800 zloka, adhyAya 219 se 250 jAtI hai, kyoMki isa dina puruSoM aura vizeSa rUpa se taka prApta hote haiM); hemAdri, 5.789-794 Adi / striyoM dvArA kunda tathA kucha anyAnya puSpoM se umA kA mANikka vAcakara-tamila zaivoM meM mANikka vAcakara kA pUjana hotA hai / sAtha hI unako gur3a, lavaNa tathA yAvaka nAma pramukha hai| tirumUlara ke samAna inhoMne bhI AgamoM bhI samarpita kie jAte haiN| vratI ko sadhavA mahilAoM, kI zabdAvaliyoM kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| ye 900 I0 ke brAhmaNoM tathA gauoM kA sammAna karanA cAhie / mAgha lagabhaga hue the aura asaMkhya geya padoM kI racanA kara kRSNa dvAdazI ko yama ne tiloM kA nirmANa kiyA aura gaye hai jo choTe aura bar3e donoM prakAra ke haiM jinheM tirudazaratha ne unheM pRthvI para lAkara khetoM meM boyA, tadanantara vAcakam (zrIvacana ) kahate haiM / mANikka madurA ke devagaNa ne bhagavAn viSNu ko tiloM kA svAmI banAyA / / zikSita evaM labdhapratiSTha sampanna vyakti the| bAda meM eka ataeva manuSya ko usa dina upavAsa rakhakara tiloM se santa ke upadeza se prabhAvita ho gaye, unake ziSya bana gaye bhagavAn kA pUjana kara tiloM se hI havana karanA caahie| tathA saMnyAsI jIvana bitAnA prArambha kiyaa| inhoMne taduparAnta tiloM kA dAna kara tiloM ko hI khAnA caahie| apanI vidyA va saMskati ke bala se pUrvavartI sabhI vidvAnoM mAghI saptamI-mAgha zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kI racanAoM kA lAbha uThAyA / kavitA ke viSaya, zailI, hotA hai| aruNodaya kAla meM manuSya ko apane sira para chandoM para inakA adhikAra dekhate hae jJAta hotA hai ki sAta badara bRkSa ke aura sAta arka vRkSa ke patte rakhakara ye mahAkavi the / inhoMne rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata, purANoM, kisI saritA athavA srota meM snAna karanA caahie| tada- AgamoM tathA prAcIna tamila sAhitya kA prayoga apanI dantara jala meM sAta badara phala, sAta arka ke patte, akSata, kavitA ke viSaya cayana va varNana meM bharapUra kiyA hai / tila, dUrvA, cAvala, candana milAkara sUrya ko arghya denA inhoMne grAmINa evaM sthAnIya prathAoM tathA gharelU kahAniyoM cAhie tathA usake bAda saptamI ko devI mAnate hae nama- ko padyabaddha kiyA, vizeSakara una kathAoM ko jo ziva ke skArakara sUrya ko praNAma karanA caahie| kucha Akara pavitra caritra se sambandhita thiiN| sabake Upara unhoMne apanI granthoM ke anusAra mAgha snAna tathA isa snAna meM koI pratibhA ko nikhArA / AgamoM ko ye zivokta kahate antara nahIM hai, jaba ki anya granthoM ke anusAra ye donoM haiM / ye advaita vedAnta aura zaMkarAcArya ke mAyAvAda ko pRthak-pRthak kRtya haiN| aMgIkAra nahIM karate the| mAghasnAna-mAgha mAsa meM bar3e tar3ake gaMgAjI athavA anya __ mANDavagar3ha-dakSiNa mAlavA sthita zaiva tIrtha / paramAra kisI pavitra dhArA meM snAna karanA parama prazaMsanIya mAnA rAjAoM ke samaya meM yaha samRddha nagara thaa| yahA~ muJja ke gayA hai| isake lie sarvottama kAla brAhma muharta hai jaba samaya ke bane bhavanoM aura aneka dhArmika sthaloM ke avanakSatra darzanIya rahate haiN| usase kucha kama uttama kAla vaha zeSa pAye jAte haiN| yahA~ revAkuNDa hai| sonadvAra kI ora hai jaba tArAgaNa TimaTimA rahe hoM kintu sUryodaya na huA nIlakaNThezvara ziva-mandira hai| prAcIna rAma mandira hai / ho| adhama kAla sUryodaya ke bAda snAna karane kA hai| usake pAsa hI AlhA ke hAtha kI sA~ga gar3I huI hai / mAgha mAsa kA snAna pauSa zukla ekAdazI athavA pUrNimA mANDArya mAnya-Rgveda meM mAna ke vaMzaja eka RSi kA se Arambha kara mAgha zukla dvAdazI yA pUrNimA ko samApta nAma mANDArya mAnya milatA hai| bahuta sambhava hai ki honA caahie| kucha loga ise saMkrAnti se parigaNana agastya se hI isakA Azaya ho / karate hue snAna karane kA sujhAva usa samaya kA dete haiM jaba mANDUkAyani-maNDUka kA vaMzaja / mANDUkAyani kA ullekha sUrya mAgha mAsa meM makara rAzi para sthita ho / samasta nara- zatapathabrAhmaNa ( 20.6,5,9) bR. u. (6.5,4 ) meM eka nAriyoM ko isa vrata ke AcaraNa kA adhikAra hai| sabase AcArya ke rUpa meM huA hai /

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mANDUkya upaniSad-mAdhavAcArya 513 mANDUkya upaniSad-atharvavedI upaniSadoM meM isakI gaNanA cAra nAma pAe jAte haiM: (1) ganettiyA (saM0 = gaNayihotI hai| isakA choTA sA hI AkAra hai parantu sabase trikA) (2) kaJcaniyA (3) mAtA (mAlikA) tathA (4) pradhAna samajhI jAtI hai| maitrAyaNIyopaniSad se kucha sUtra / (2) devI kA bhI eka paryAya mAtA hai| zItalA tulyatA hone se prAyaH loga ise usake bAda kI racanA (cecaka kI bImArI) ko bhI mAtA kahate haiN| yaha dhora samajhate haiM / gauDapAdAcArya ne isake Upara kArikAe~ evaM roga ke lie bhayayukta prazaMsAtmaka upAdhi hai| zaGkara ne bhASya racA hai| vijJAnabhikSu ne 'Aloka' nAma mAtRkA tantra-'Agamatattva vilAsa' meM uddhRta tantroM kI kI vyAkhyA kI hai / AnandatIrtha, mathurAnAtha zukla vyAsa- sUcI meM eka tantra kA nAma / tIrtha aura raGgarAmAnuja Adi ne bhASya TIkA, kSudra bhASya mAtRdatta-hiraNyakezI gRhyasUtra para bhASya racane vAle likhA hai tathA nArAyaNa, zaGkarAnanda, brahmAnanda sarasvatI eka vidvAn / rAghavendra Adi ne isa para vRttiyA~ bhI likhI haiN| mAtanavamIvrata-bhaviSyottara ke anusAra AzvinakRSNa mANDUkyakArikA-mANDUkya upaniSad kI kArikAe~ gauDa- navamI ko yaha vrata mAtA (jananI) ke prItyartha kiyA pAdAcArya ne likhI haiN| gauDapAdAcArya zaGkara ke guru ke jAtA hai / isa dina vizeSatayA mAtA aura usake tulya guru the| gauDapAda ne vedAnta sUtra para koI bhASya nahIM saMmAnya cAcI, dAdI, mausI Adi ke nimitta zrAddha-tarpaNa likhA kintu inakI kArikAe~ advaita tathA mAyAvAda kA kiyA jAtA hai| mabase prArambhika jIvita AdhAra hone se bar3I hI mahattva- mAtRvadha-isa kRtya ko kauzI0 upa0 ( 3.1 ) meM jaghanya pUrNa hai / isa kArikA kI 'mitAkSarA' nAmaka eka TIkA aparAdha kahA gayA hai / isakA prAyazcitta satya jJAna se bho milatI hai| paravartI AcAryoM ne isa kArikA ko kiyA jA sakatA hai| paravartI dharmazAstra sAhitya meM bhI pramANa rUpa se svIkAra kiyA hai / mAtRvadha bahuta bar3A aparAdha aura pApa mAnA gayA hai| mANDUkyabhASya-mANDUkya upaniSad kA yaha bhASya zaGkarA mAtavrata-(1) aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA cArya dvArA likhA gayA hai / jAtA hai / yaha tithi vrata hai / mAtR devatA (mAtA deviyA~) mANDUkyopaniSadkArikA-de0 'mANDUkya kArikA' / hI isa avasara para pUjI jAtI haiM / mamuSya ko isa dina mAtaGgI-zAkta matAnusAra dasa mahAvidyAoM meM se eka upavAsa rakhakara bhaktipUrvaka mAtR devatAoM se aparAdhoM kI 'mAtaGgo' hai| kSamA-yAcanA karanI caahie| ve kalyANa tathA svAsthya mAtarizvA-(1) Rgveda ke varNanAnusAra agni tathA soma pradAna karatI haiN| AkAza se nIce pRthvI para aaye| mAtarizvA agni ko (2) Azvina mAsa kI navamI ko rAjA tathA sabhI dUra se lAyA (R0 3.9,5; 6.7,4) / mAtarizvA kA varNoM ke anuyAyI mAta devatAoM kI ( jo aneka hai ) artha Rgveda meM vidya t athavA (anya mata se) A~dhI hai| pUjA kara saphalatAe~ prApta kreN| isa vrata ke karane se atharvaveda ke bAda isakA A~dhI hI sAdhAraNa artha ho gayA jisake bacce mara jAte hoM yA kevala eka hI santAna ho, hai / yadi mAna leM ki AMdhI evaM vidya ta eka sAtha hI vaha strI santAna vAlI ho jAtI haiN| aMdhar3a ke rUpa meM dRSTigocara hote haiM to Rgveda ke artha mAdhava-vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke bhASyakAroM meM se eka mAdhava kA pUrNatayA samanvaya ho jAtA hai / isa prakAra mAtarizvana the| sAma saMhitA ke bhASyakAroM meM bhI eka mAdhava hae ko agni kA A~dhI ke guNoM ke sAtha vidya t vAlA svarUpa haiM / uparokta donoM mAdhava eka haiM yA nahIM, kucha nahIM kahA kahA jAnA ucita hai / yaha vaidika purAkathA 'promithiyas' jA sakatA / de0 'mAdhavAcArya' / kI yUnAnI purAkathA se milatA-julatI hai| mAghavasvAmI-sAmaveda kI rANAyanIya zAkhA se sambandhita (2) Rgveda (8.52,2) ke bAlakhilya sUkta meM mAta- drAhyAyaNa zrautasutra athavA vaziSThasUtra kA bhASya mAdhava rizvana ko medhya tathA pRvadhra ke sAtha yajJa karane vAlA __svAmI ne kiyA hai| kahA gayA hai| mAdhavAcArya-prasiddha veda vyAkhyAtA sAyaNAcArya ke bhAI mAtA-(1) mAlA (japArtha) ke lie prAcIna sAhitya meM evaM vidyAtIrtha ke ziSya / vidyAtIrtha kI mRtyu ke pazcAt

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514 mAdhavI-mAdhvamata inhoMne saMnyAsa Azrama meM bhAratI tIrtha evaM zaGkarAnanda se maTha ke zaGkarAcArya kI gaddI para suzobhita hue the| isa bhI zikSA lii| inakA sthiti kAla prAyaH caudahavIM prakAra sau varSa se bhI adhika A{ lAbhakara unhoMne apanI zatAbdI thaa| kucha logoM kA kahanA hai ki inakA janma saM0 jIvana yAtrA samApta kI / siddhAntataH vidyAraNya svAmI 1324 vi0 meM tuGgabhadrA nadI ke taTavartI hAmpI nagara meM zaGkarAcArya ke anuyAyI the / unakI gaganA advaita sampradAya huA thaa| 'parAzaramAdhava' nAmaka grantha meM inhoMne apanA ke pradhAna AcAryoM meM hotI hai / paricaya dete hue pitA kA nAna mAyaNa, mAtA kA zrImatI mAdhavI-mAdhavI athavA brahmarambhA ziva kI zakti kA evaM do bhAiyoM kA nAma sAyaNa va bhoganAtha batAyA hai| paryAya hai| ___ mAdhavAcArya vijaya nagara rAjya ke saMsthApakoM meM the| mAdhavIya dhAtuvRtti-vijayanagara rAjya ke sthApaka mAdhavAsaM0 1392 vi0 ke lagabhaga vijayanagara ke siMhAsana para cArya dvArA viracita yaha eka vyAkaraNa grantha hai / isakI mahArAja vIra bukka ko abhiSikta kara ve unake pradhAna racanA pANinIya dhAtusUtroM ke anusAra huI hai jisameM aSTAmantrI bne| ve uccakoTi ke rAjanItijJa evaM prabandhapaTu dhyAyIstha saMpUrNa sUtroM kA saMniyojana dhAtu gaNAnusAra kara the / unhoMne hI yavana rAjyoM ko svAyatta kara vijayanagara diyA gayA hai| de0 'maadhvaacaary| rAjya kI sImAvRddhi kii| suprasiddha viziSTAdvaitAcArya mAdhyandinI-yAjJavalvaya ke pitA ( yA guru ) kA nAma vedAntadezikAcArya unake samakAlIna aura bAlasakhA the / vAjasana thaa| isalie zukla yajurveda kA nAma vAjasaneyI unakI pratibhA sarvatomukhI thii| inakI prasiddha racanAe~ saMhitA ho gayA / jAbAlAdi 15ziSyoM ne unase yaha veda nimnAMkita haiN| par3hA, jinameM mAdhyandina mukhya the / vAjasaneyI saMhitA kI 1. mAdhavIya dhAtuvRtti--yaha vyAkaraNa grantha hai| mAdhyandinI zAkhA hI Ajakala pracalita hai| 2. jaiminIya nyAyamAlA aura usakI TIkA 'vivaraNa' / __ sAmaveda kI bhI eka mAdhyandina zAkhA hai / isa zAkhA yaha pUrvamImAMsA sambandhI grantha hai| kA puSpamuni dvArA racita sAmaprAtizAkhya upalabdha hai| 3. parAzaramAdhavIya-yaha parAzara saMhitA ke Upara mAdhyandina aura kANva donoM zAkhAoM kA zatapatha hI eka nibandha hai| brAhmaNa grantha hai / mAdhyandinI zAkhA ke zatapatha brAhmaNa meM 4. sarvadarzanasaMgraha-isameM samasta darzanoM kA pRthak- caudaha kANDa hai / yaha sau adhyAyoM meM tathA ar3asaTha prapAThakoM pRthak sAra saMgRhIta kiyA gayA hai| meM vibhakta hai / isameM kula milAkara cAra sau ar3atIsa 5. vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha / yaha zrI padmapAdAcAryakRta paJcapA brAhmaNoM para vicAra huA hai| yaha brAhmaNa phira sAta dikA vivaraNa ke Upara eka prameya pradhAna nibandha hai / hajAra cha: sau caubIsa kaNDikAoM meM vibhakta hai| 6. sUta saMhitA kI TIkA : skandapurANAntargata suta mAdhva-de0 'madhva' evaM 'madhva sampradAya' / saMhitA advaita vedAnta kA nirUpaNa karatI hai| isa para mAdhva ( mAdhvAcArya)-de0 'madhva sampradAya' / mAdhavAcArya ne vizada TIkA likhI hai| mAdhvamata-dvaitavAda athavA svatantrAsvatantravAda ke pramukha isake atirikta 7. paJcadazI 8. anubhUti prakAza AcArya zrI madhva haiM aura isI se dvaitavAda kA dUsarA nAma 9. aparokSAnubhUti kI TIkA 10. jIva suktiviveka mAdhvamata hai / sampradAya kI mAnyatA ke anusAra mAdhva mata 11. aitareyopaniSaddIpikA, 12. taittirIyopaniSaddIpikA ke Adi guru brahmA haiN| brahmasUtra meM viziSTAdvaitavAda, 13. chAndogyopaniSaddIpikA 14. vahadAraNyaka vAttika bhedAbhedavAda aura advaitavAda kA ullekha milatA hai, parantu sAra 15. zaGkara-digvijaya 16. 'kAlamAdhava' nAmaka grantha dvaitavAda kA koI ullekha nahIM miltaa| avazya hI vizilikhakara mAdhavAcArya ne pramANita kara diyA ki ve eka STAdvaitavAda aura bhedAbhedavAda bhI dvaitavAda ke hI antargata sAtha hI kavi, dArzanika, rAjanItijJa, tattvaniSTha, mahAn haiM / sAMkhya mata bhI dvaitavAda hI hai / parantu madhvAcArya kA loka saMgrahI aura pUrNa tyAgI saMnyAsI (vidyAraNya nAmaka) svatantrAsvatantravAda inase bilakula bhinna hai| sAMkhya ke the / jaise ve saphala rAjyasaMsthApaka the, vaise hI saMnyAsiyoM dvaitavAda meM do padArtha hai puruSa aura prakRti / ye donoM nitya meM bhI agragaNya the| saMnyAsa grahaNa ke pazcAt ve zRMgerI aura satya haiM / mAdhvamata maiM jIva aura brahma nitya aura do

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mAdhvasampradAya mAnavasRSTi pRthak padArtha padArtha haiM / rAmAnuja svAmI jIva aura brahma kA svagata bheda svIkAra karate haiM, parantu sajAtIya aura vijAtIya bheda nahIM maante| brahma svataMtra hai, jIva asvataMtra hai brahma aura jIva meM sevya-sevaka bhAva hai| sevaka kabhI sevya vastu se abhinna nahIM ho sktaa| bhedAbhedavAda bhI viziSTAdvaitavAda ke samAna hI hai / ataeva mAdhvamata se ye saba bhinna haiM / madhvAcArya se pahale isa mata kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA / avazya hI unhoMne purANAdi kA anusaraNa karake hI isa mata ko sthApita kiyaa| mAlUma hotA hai, madhyAcArya kA svataMtrAsyataMtravAda vaiSNavoM ke bhaktivAda kA phala hai| jina dinoM zAGkaramata aura bhaktivAda kA deza meM saMgharSa cala rahA thA, unhIM dinoM mAdhvamata kA udbhava huA / ghAta-pratighAta ke phalasvarUpa mAdhvamata zAGkaramata kA virodhI bana gyaa| isa mata meM zAGkaramata kA bahuta tIvra bhASA meM khaNDana kiyA gayA hai| yaha mata bhI vaiSNavoM ke cAra pramukha matoM meM eka hai / madhvAcArya ke mata se brahma saguNa aura savizeSa hai| jIva aNu parimANa haiM, vaha bhagavAn kA dAsa haiM / veda nitya aura apauruSeya haiM / pAJcarAtrazAstra kA Azraya jIva ko lenA cAhie prapaJcasatya hai yahA~ taka madhya kA rAmAnuja se aikamatya hai / kintu padArthanirNaya meM donoM meM bheda hai| madhya ke anusAra padArtha do prakAra kA hai-- svataMtra aura asvatantra azeSa sadguNa yukta bhagavAn viSNu svataMtra tattva haiM / jIva aura jar3a jagat asvataMtra tattva haiN| madhvapUrNarUpa se dvaitavAdI hai| ve kahate haiM, jIva bhagavAn kA dAsa hai, dAsa yadi svAmI se sAmya kA bodha kare to svAmI use daNDa dete haiN| 'ahaM brahmAsmi' ke bodha para bhagavAn jIva ko nIce girA dete haiM / paramasevya bhagavAn kI sevA ke atirikta jIva ko aura kucha nahIM karanA cAhie / svatantra tattva bhagavAn kI prasannatA prApta karanA hI eka mAtra puruSArtha hai vaha parama puruSArtha bhaga vAn ke divya guNoM ke smaraNa-cintana ke binA nahIM prApta ho sakatA / 'tattvamasi' Adi mahAvAkyoM ko sunane se vaisA smaraNa, cintana nahIM ho sktaa| aGkana, bhajana aura nAmakaraNa ke dvArA hI vaha sulabha hotA hai| nirvANamukti to kahane bhara kI vastu hai / sArupya, sAlokya Adi mukti hI paramArtha hai / inhIM bAtoM ko hRdaya meM rakhakara madhvAcArya ne svatantra svatantravAda kI sthApanA kI / mAdhva sampradAya de0 'madhva sampradAya' / mAnava (1) manu ke vaMzaja ( ai0 vA0 5 / 14,2 ) mAnava kahalAye / nAbhAnediSTa aura zayata ke lie yaha pitRbodhaka zabda hai| purANoM meM varNita sUrya athavA ikSvAku kA vaMza mAnava vaMza thA / 515 ( 2 ) manu ke nAma se pracalita dharmazAstra bhI 'mAnava dharmazAstra' kahalAtA hai| mAnava upapurANa- untIsa prasiddha upapurANoM meM se eka hai| mAnava gRhyasUtra - kRSNa yajurvedIya eka gRhyasUtra mAnava-gRhyasUtra hai| yaha manu dvArA racita mAnA jAtA hai| isa para aSTAvakra kI vRtti hai / mAnavadharmazAstra - de0 'manusmRti' / - | mAnavazrautasUtra kRSNa yajurvedIya eka zrautasUtra yaha manuracita mAnA jAtA hai evaM vizeSa prasiddha hai / isameM pahale adhyAya meM prAk soma, dUsare meM agniSToma tIsare meM prAyazcitta, cauthe meM pravayaM pA~caveM meM dRSTi, chaThe meM cayana, sAtaveM meM vAjapeya, AThaveM meM anugraha, naveM meM rAjasUya, dasaveM meM zulva sUtra aura gyArahaveM adhyAya meM pariziSTa , 3 | agnisvAmI bAlakRSNa mizra aura aura kumArila bhaTTa isake bhASyakAra haiN| mAnavasRSTimAnavasRSTi isa sambandha se padma rANa meM ullekha hai ki 7 'prajAsRSTi' ke prArambha meM prajApati ne brAhmaNa kI sRSTi kI brAhmaNa Atmateja se agni aura sUrya kI taraha / uddIpta ho uThe / isake bAda satya, dharma, tapa, brahmacarya, AcAra aura zauca Adi brahmA se utpanna hue / ina saba ke pazcAt deva, dAnava, gandharva, daitya, asura, uraga, yakSa, rakSa, rAkSasa, nAga, pizAca aura manuSya kI sRSTi huii| hindU dharmAvalambiyoM kI dhAraNA hai ki mAnavasRSTi AryAvarta meM hI huI aura yahIM se sAre saMsAra meM phailii| bAhmaNoM ke adarzana se ( arthAt vaidika saMskAra karAne vAloM ke na milane se athavA lopa hone se ) yaha sRSTi bhraSTa ho gii| ataH mleccha ho gayI ye hI mleccha jAtiyA~ hajAroM varSa taka jaGgalI rhiiN| phira dhIre dhIre svAbhAvika rIti se inakA vikAsa huaa| bhAratetara dezoM kI, vizeyataH pazcima kI mAnavajAti kI yahI kahAnI hai| isI kAraNa ve apane ko Aja bhI Arya kahate haiN|

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516 mAnavAcakam [kaDadAna-tamila zaivoM meM mAnavAcakama kaDandAna eka AcArya hue haiN| ye meyakaNDadeva ke zaiva the tathA inhoMne 'uSme vilaesm' nAmaka siddhAnta prastha likhA / yaha grantha caudaha tamila zaiva siddhAnta granthoM meM se eka hai| isameM 54 chandoM meM praznottara ke rUpa meM siddhAnta kI mukhya zikSAoM kA varNana huA hai| mAnasatIcaM mahatva - satya tIrtha hai, kSamA tIrtha hai, indriyoM para niyaMtraNa rakhanA bhI tIrtha hai, saba prANiyoM para dayA karanA bhI tIrtha hai aura saralatA bhI tIrtha hai / dAna tIrtha hai, mana kA saMyama tIrtha hai, saMtoSa bhI tIrtha kahA jAtA hai / brahmacarya parama tIrtha aura priya vacana bolanA bhI tIrtha hai| jJAna tIrtha hai, dhairya tortha hai; tapa ko bhI tIrtha kahA gayA hai| tIrthoM meM bhI sabase zreSTha tIrtha hai antaHkaraNa kI Atyantika vizuddhi | jisane indriya-samUha ko vaza meM kara liyA hai vaha manuSya jahA~ bhI nivAsa karatA hai vahIM usake lie kurukSetra, naimiSAraNya aura puSkara Adi tIrtha haiM / dhyAna ke dvArA pavitra tathA jJAnarUpI jala se bhare hue, rAgadveSa rUpI mala ko dUra karane vAle mAnasatIrtha meM jo puruSa snAna karatA hai vaha parama gati ( mokSa ) ko prApta hotA hai / mAnasollAsa - ( 2 ) surezvarAcArya yA ( pUrvAzrama ke ) maNDana mizra kRta mAnasollAsa ko dakSiNAmUrtistotravArtika bhI kahate haiM / (2) yaha rAjanIti kA prasiddha grantha hai isakI racanA kalyANI ke cAlukya vaMzI rAjA caturtha somezvara ne kI thI / mAyA- zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra sampUrNa vedAnta eka vAkya meM kahA jA sakatA hai brahma satyaM jaganmithyA jIvo brahmava nApara: / ' [ brahma satya aura jagat mithyA hai; jIva bhI brahma hI hai, anya nahIM / ] isa prakAra kevala eka tattva brahma hI jagat meM pratibhAsita hai / apanI hI jisa zakti se brahma saMsAra meM pratibhAsita hotA hai vaha mAyA hai| mAyA zuddha bhrama athavA jJAna kA abhAva nahIM hai / yaha bhAvarUpA ha | isako na satya kaha sakate haiM aura na asatya; yaha donoM kA yugma hai ( satyAnRte mithunIkRtya ) yaha satya isalie nahIM hai ki kevala brahma hI eka mAtra satya hai; isako asatya bhI nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki isI ke dvArA brahma jagat meM pratibhAsita hotA hai / vAstava meM yaha donoM se vilakSaNa hai ( sadasad vilakSaNa ) / yaha zaktirUpA hai / isako adhyAsa mAnavAcakam kandAna-mAyAkhaNDana TIkA ( Aropa ) bhI kahate haiM / jisa prakAra bhrama ke dvArA zukti ( sIpa ) meM rajata ( cA~dI ) kA Aropa ho jAtA hai| usI prakAra mAyA ke kAraNa brahma meM jagat kA Aropa ho jAtA hai / jaba vAstavika jJAna ( pramA ) utpanna hotA hai| to bhrAnti dUra ho jAtI hai / mAyA ke do kArya haiM - (1) AvaraNa aura ( 2 ) vikSepa / AvaraNa se moha utpanna hotA hai jisake kAraNa jIvAtmA meM brahma aura jagat ke bIca bhrama utpanna hotA hai aura yaha jagat ko satya samajhane lagatA hai| vikSepa ke kAraNa brahma jagat meM pratibhAsita hotA hai jaba brahma avidyA meM vikSipta hotA hai to jIva bana jAtA hai aura jaba mAyA meM vikSipta hotA hai to Izvara kahalAtA hai / zAGkaramata meM mAyA ke nimnAMkita lakSaNa hai : - ( 1 ) yaha sAMkhya kI prakRti ke samAna jar3a hai kintu na to brahma se svataMtra hai aura na vAstavika (2) yaha zaktirUpA brA kI sahavartanI aura usa para sarvathA avalambita hai (3) yaha anAdi hai (4) yaha sat aura asat se vilakSaNa hai (6) yaha vartamAtra haiM, kintu isakI vyAvahArika sattA hai (7) yaha adhyAsa ( Aropa ) aura bhrAnti hai; isakI sattA usI samaya taka hai jaba taka jIvAtmA bhrama meM rahatA hai (8) vaha vijJAna ( vAstavika jJAna ) se dUra karane yogya hai ( vijJAna nirasyA) aura (9) isakA Azraya aura viSaya donoM brahma haiN| rAmAnujAcArya ne zaGkara ke isa mAyAvAda kA ghora khaNDana kiyA hai / ve mAyA ko Izvara kI vAstavika zakti mAnate haiM jisake dvArA vaha jagat kI sRSTi karatA hai / ve sRSTi ko mithyA na mAnakara use vAstavika aura Izvara kI lIlA bhUmi mAnate haiM / mAyAtantra' Agamatattva vilAsa meM uta tantroM kI sUcI meM se eka tantra / mAyAvAdazAGkaramatAnusAra sampUrNa prapakSa kI satyatvapratIti adhyAsa yA mAyA ke hI kAraNa hai / isI se advaitavAda ko adhyAsavAda yA mAyAvAda kahate haiM / de0 'mAyA / ' mAyAvAdakhaNDana TIkA - svAmI jayatIrthAcArya ne 'mAyAvAda khaNDana TIkA' rcii| isameM inhoMne madhva ke matoM kA hI vivecana kiyA hai / yaha pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA grantha hai / mAyAzakti mAyA (vizva) sRSTi ke abhautika upAdAna kA nAma hai| isase niyati kI utpatti huI jo sabhI

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mArkaNDeya-mAlatI mAdhava padArthoM ko niyamita karatI hai| niyati se kAla tathA kAla taka unakA pUjana karanA caahie| isase pUjaka 'jAtise guNazarIra kI utpatti hotI hai| smara'-pUrva janma kI ghaTanAoM ko smaraNa rakhanevAlA-ho mArkaNDeyakSetra-(gaGgA-gomatIsaMgama ) / vArANasI-gAjI- jAtA hai tathA usa loka ko pahuMca jAtA hai jahA~ se phira pura ke bIca kaithI bAjAra ke pAsa yaha tIrtha sthala par3atA saMsAra meM loTane kI AvazyakatA nahIM par3atI (anuzAsana, hai| yahIM para mArkaNDeya mahAdeva kA mandira hai| yaha kSetra adhyAya 109, bR0 saM0 104.14-16) / mArgazIrSa kI mArkaNDeya jI kI tapobhUmi batalAyI jAtI hai| yAtrI pUrNimA ko candramA kI avazya pUjA kI jAnI cAhie mandira meM bhI Thahara sakate haiN| zivarAtri ko yahA~ melA kyoMki isI dina candramA ko sudhA se siJcita kiyA gayA lagatA hai / mandira se prAyaH do phalA~ga kI dUrI para gaMgA thaa| isa dina gauoM ko namaka diyA jAya, tathA mAtA, meM gomatI nadI milatI hai| yahA~ santAna prApti ke lie bahina, putrI aura parivAra kI anya striyoM ko eka-eka anuSThAna-pUjana zIghra phaladAyaka hotA hai / jor3A vastra pradAna kara sammAnita karanA caahie| isa mArkaNDeya purANa-yaha mahApurANoM meM se eka hai| mArkaNDeya mAsa meM nRtya-gItAdi kA Ayojana kara eka utsava bhI RSi dvArA praNIta hone ke kAraNa isakA yaha nAma pdd'aa| kiyA jAnA cAhie / mArgazIrSa kI pUrNimA ko hI dattAtreya jayantI manAyI jAnI caahie| de0 kRtyakalpataru kA matsyapurANa, brahma vaivartapurANa, nAradIya purANa, bhAgavata naitya kAlika kANDa, 432-33; kRtyaratnAkara, 471-72 / purANa Adi ke anusAra mArkaNDeya purANa meM nau hajAra nau mArjArI bhakti-zaiva AgamoM ke anusAra jIvAtmA kI sau zloka hone cAhie / parantu upalabdha pothiyoM meM kevala avasthA devatA kI dayA para ThIka usI taraha Azrita hotI hai chaH hajAra nau sau zloka pAye jAte haiN| isake prArambhika adhyAyoM meM maraNottara jIvana ko vistRta kathA kahI gayI jisa prakAra billI ke baccoM kA jIvana apanI mA~ kI dayA para AdhArita hotA hai / billI apane muMha se jaba taka hai / isa purANa kA mukhya aMza 'caNDI saptazatI' hai, jisakA navarAtra meM pATha hotA hai| isa saptazatI kA aMza 78veM na pakar3e, ve asahAyAvasthA meM eka hI sthAna meM par3e rahate adhyAya se 90veM adhyAya taka hai / mArkaNDeya purANa kA yahI hai / isI taraha paramezvara para pUrNataH avalambita bhakta hai| aMza alaga prakAzita pAyA jAtA hai / brahmavAdinI madAlasA isakI viloma vAnarI bhakti hai, jisameM bandara ke kA pavitra jIvanacarita bhI isameM varNita hai ! madAlasA ne bacce kI taraha jIvAtmA apanI ora se bhI ArAdhya ko zaizava meM hI apane putra ko brahmatattva kA upadeza kiyA, kucha pakar3a kucha pakar3ane kA prayAsa karatA hai / de0 markaTAtmaja bhakti / jisake rAjA hone para bhI jIvana meM jJAna aura yoga kaa| mArtaNDa saptamI-pauSa zukla saptamI ko isakA anuSThAna sundara samanvaya rhaa| hotA hai / usa dina upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai / 'mArtaNDa' zabda kA uccAraNa karate hue usa avasara para sUrya kA mArgazIrSakRtya-yaha sampUrNa mAsa atyanta pavitra mAnA jAtA hai / mAsa bhara bar3e prAtaH kAla bhajana maNDaliyA~ bhajana tathA pUjana karanA cAhie / vrato ko apane zuddhIkaraNa ke lie gomUtra yA gomaya yA godugdha yA godadhi lenA cAhie / kIrtana karatI huI nikalatI hai / gItA (10.35) meM svayaM agrima dina sUrya kA 'ravi' nAma lekara pUjana karanA caahie| bhagavAn ne kahA hai 'mAsAnA mArgazIrSo'ham / ' yahA~ isa isa prakAra use do dinoM ke lie hara mAsa yaha AcaraNa eka mAsa se sambaddha kucha mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA ullekha kiyA varSa taka karanA cAhie / eka dina kisI gau ko ghAsa jA rahA hai / satayuga meM devoM ne mArgazIrSa mAsa kI prathama tithi ko hI varSa prArambha kiyaa| isI mAsa meM kazyapa yA aisA hI koI khAdya padArtha denA caahie| isase sUrya RSi ne sundara kazmIra pradeza kI racanA kii| isalie loka kI prApti hotI hai| isI mAsa meM mahotsavoM kA Ayojana honA cAhie / mArga- mAlatI mAdhava-saMskRta bhASA kA nATaka jisameM kApAlika zIrSa zukla 12 ko upavAsa prArambha kara prati mAsa kI sampradAya ke kriyA-kalApoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| dvAdazI ko upavAsa karate hae kArtika kI dvAdazI ko nATaka kA mukhya pAtra kApAlika sanyAsI aghoraghaNTa thA, pUrA karanA caahie| prati dvAdazI ko bhagavAna viSNa ke jo rAjadhAnI ke vAmuNDA mandira kA pujArI tathA eka kezava se dAmodara taka 12 nAmoM meM se eka-eka mAsa bar3e zaiva tI zrIzaila se sambandhita thaa| kapAla kUNDalA

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518 1 aghoraghaNTa kI ziSyA sanyAsinI thI jo devI ko upAsikA thI / donoM yogAbhyAsa karate the / unake vizvAsa zAkta vicAroM se bhare the ve narabali (devI ke arpaNA ) ke abhyAsI the, ityAdi / isa prakAra AThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM mahAkavi bhavabhUti racita isa nATaka meM tatkAlIna zaiva vizvAsoM tathA anekAneka dhArmika kriyAoM, zAktoM kI adbhuta zakti Adi kA abhinava varNana prApta hotA hai / devI ko jAgrata karane ke lie zAktayoga kA sAdhana devI ko sabase UMce cakra para car3hAne kI ceSTA, cakra ke andara ke kendra va rekhAe~, unake AzcaryapUrNa phala Adi sabhI bAteM isa nATaka meM prApta hotI haiM / mAlinItantra - ' Agama tattvavilAsa' ke 64 tantroM kI sUcI meM uddhRta eka tantra / mAlinIvijaya tantra dasa zatAbdI ke pUrva isakI racanA mAnI jAnI cAhie, kyoMki kazmIra ke zava AcArya abhinavagupta (1057) ne apane grantha meM isakA uddharaNa diyA hai / mAzaka (mazaka) sUtra grantha -- sAmaveda ke jitane sUtra grantha haiM utane kisI veda ke dekhane meM nahIM Ate / paJcaviMza brAhmaNa kA eka zrautasUtra hai aura eka gRhyasUtra / pahale zrautasUtra kA nAma 'mAzaka' hai| lATyAyana ne isako 'mazakasUtra' likhA hai| kucha logoM kI rAya meM ina granthoM kA nAma kalpasUtra hai / 3 mAsa - candramA kI eka bhUcakrArikramA ke AdhAra para 'mAsa' se mahIne kA bodha hotA hai / mAsa ke prasiddha sImA - dina amAvasyA tathA pUrNamAsI haiN| yaha nizcita nahIM jJAta hotA ki eka amAvasa ke anta se dUsarI amAvasa ( amAnta mAsa ) yA eka pUrNimA ke anta se dUsarI pUrNimAnta taka mAsa gaNanA hotI thI uttara bhArata meM pUrNimAnta prathA pracalita hai aura dakSiNa bhArata meM amAnta prathA jAkobI phAlguna kI pUrNimA se varSArambha honA mAnate haiM olDenabarga prathama candra ko hI varSa kA Arambha bindu samajhate haiM / mAsa ke tIsa dina hote the kyoMki varSa me 12 mAsa aura 360 dina kahe gaye hai| sUtroM meM mAsa alaga-alaga saMkhyaka dinoM ke liye uddhRta haiM / / mAsakSaporNa mAsIyata kArtika zukla pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai| isa avasara para vratI ko nakta paddhati se mAlinItantra-mAsopavAsavrata AhAra karanA caahie| namaka se eka vRtta banAkara tathA use candana ke lepa se carcita karake candramA ko dasa nakSatroM sahita pUjanA cAhie - yathA kArtika mAsa meM jaba candramA kRttikA tathA rohiNI se yukta ho, mArgazIrSa mAsa meM jaba mRgazirA tathA ArdrA se yukta ho, aura isI prakAra se Azvina mAsa taka / sadhavA mahilAoM ko gur3a, sundara khAdyAnna, ghRta dugdhAdi dekara sammAnita karanA caahie| tadanantara svayaM haviSyAnna grahaNa karanA caahie| vrata ke anta meM sone se raMge hue (jarI ke kAma vAle) vastra dAna meM dene cAhie / mAsavrata - mArgazIrSa mAsa se kArtika mAsa taka bArahoM mAsa vratI ko nimna vastue~ dAna karanI cAhie- namaka, ghI, tila, sapta dhAnya, AkarSaka vastra, gehUM jala pUrNa kalaza, kapUra sahita candana, makkhana, chAtA, zarkarA athavA gur3a ke laDDU | varSa ke anta meM gau kA dAna tathA durgA jI, brahmA jI sUrya nArAyaNa athavA viSNu bhagavAn kA pUjana karanA cAhie / , mAsopavAsa vrata - samasta vratoM meM yaha mahAn aura prAcIna vrata hai / nAnAghATa zilAlekha ke anusAra rAnI nAyanikA ( nAganikA) ne IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI meM isa vrata kA AcaraNa kiyA thaa| de0 e0 esa0 DablyU 0 AI0 jilda 5 0 60 | isakA varNana agni (205.1-18), garuDa (1.122.1-7), padma0 (6.121-15-54) ne kiyA hai| agnipurANa meM isakA saMkSipta varNana milatA hai, ataeva usI kA yahA~ varNana kiyA jA rahA hai / vratI ko vaiSNava vratoM kA AcaraNa karane ( jaise dvAdazI ) ke lie guru kI AjJA prApta kara lenI caahie| apanI zakti tathA Atmabala dekhakara Azvina zukla ekAdazI ko vrata Arambha kara 30 dinoM taka nirantara vrata rakhane kA saMkalpa karanA cAhie | tapasvI sAdhu yA yati yA vidhavA hI isa vrata kA AcaraNa kare, gRhastha nahIM / gandha puSpa Adi se dina meM tIna bAra viSNu kA pUjana karanA cAhie / viSNu ke stotroM tathA maMtroM kA pATha evaM unakA hI manana- cintana karanA cAhie / vyartha kI bakavAsa, sampatti kA moha tathA aise vyakti ke sparza kA bhI tyAga karanA cAhie jo niyamoM kA pAlana na kara rahA ho| tIsa dina taka kisI mandira meM hI nivAsa karanA caahie| tInoM dina vrata kara lene ke bAda dvAdazI ke dina brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara,

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mAhiSmatI ( mAhezvara )-mAMsa dakSiNA dekara tathA teraha brAhmaNoM ko vastroM ke jor3e, Adi se antataka apane sUtroM meM kiyA hai / ina pratyAhAroM Asana, pAtra, chAtA, khar3AU~ kI jor3I pradAna kara svayaM se sUtroM kI racanAoM kA atyanta lAghava ho gayA hai / vrata ko pAraNA karanI caahie| viSNu bhagavAn kI mAhezvara sUtra nimnalikhita haiM : pratimA kisI paryaGka para sthApita kara unako vastrAdi (1) uNa / (2) Rluka / (3) e oG / (4) dhAraNa karAne caahie| apane guru ko paryaGka para baiThAkara ai auc / (5) hayavaraT / (6) laN / (7) bamaGaNanam / or3hane-bichAne ke vastra dAna meM dene caahie| jisa sthAna prabhA / (9) ghaDhadhaSa / (10) jabagaDadaz / (11) para aisA vratI tIsa dina nivAsa karatA hai vaha pavitra ho jaataa| khaphachaThathacaTatam / (12) kapam / ( 13 ) zaSasar / hai / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se na kevala vratI apane Apako (14) hal / balki parivAra ke anya sadasyoM ko bhI viSNu loka le jAtA hai| yadi kisI prakAra vrata kAla meM vratI mUchita ho mAMsa-sajIva prANiyoM aura nirjIva phala Adi kA bhItarI jAya to use dudha, zuddha navanIta, phaloM kA rasa denA komala dravya ( gUdA ) jo chedana-bhedana dvArA khAne ke kAma cAhie / brAhmaNoM kI AjJA se uparyukta bastuoM ko lene AtA hai / prANiyoM ke mAMsa kA upayoga bhakSaNArtha hiMsaka se vrata khaNDita nahIM hotA hai| pazu aura asabhya kola-bhIla Adi logoM meM pracalita thaa| zatra vadhAbhilASI kSatriya, sainika aura rAjA loga bhI mAhiSmatI ( mahezvara )-vikhyAta zaiva tIrtha tathA narmadA yuddha zikSArtha pazu vadha karate hae mAMsa khAne lagate the / taTa kA prasiddha dhArmika nagara / yaha kRtavIrya ke putra sahasrArjuna rAjA vizeSa kara hiMsaka jantuoM kA zikAra vanavAsI kI rAjadhAnI thI / Adya zaMkarAcAryajI se zAstrArtha karane prajA aura grAmya pazuoM ke rakSArtha hI karate the / ina logoM vAle maNDana mizra bhI yahIM ke rahane vAle the| yahA~ meM mAMsabhakSaNa kI pravRtti AkramaNa aura yuddha ke samaya kAlezvara aura bAlezvara ke ziva mandira haiN| nagara ke ugratA prakAza ke vicAra se ucita yA vaidha mAnI jAtI pazcima mataGga RSi kA Azrama tathA mAtaGgezvara mandira thii| mAMsa bhakSaNa asabhya, azikSita, mUr3ha logoM meM hai / pAsa hI bhartRhari guphA aura maMgalA gaurI mandira hai| svabhAvataH pracalita thA / kAla krama se inakI dekhA-dekhI narmadA ke dvIpa meM bANezvara mandira hai| vahIM siddhezvara aura sabhya kSatriya yA dvija bhI laulyavaza idhara pravRtta ho jAte rAvaNezvara liGga bhI hai| paJcapuriyoM kI gaNanA meM the| kiMtu prAcIna dharmagranthoM meM mAMsabhakSaNa niSiddha mahezvarapura kI gaNanA AtI hai| yahA~ aneka mandira haiM / ThaharAyA gayA hai / phira bhI isa pravRtti kA niHzeSa nirodha jagannAtha, rAmezvara, badarInAtha, dvArakAdhIza, paMDharInAtha, sahasA kaThina dekhakara zAstrakAroM ne yAjJika karmakANDa ke parazurAma, ahalyezvara Adi / yaha purI gupta kAzI bhI kahI AvaraNa se isako prayAsasAdhya yA maha~gA banA diyA / jAtI hai| niyama bana gaye ki mAMsa khAnA ho to laMbe yajJAnuSThAna ke mAhezvara-yaha zaivoM ke sampradAya vizeSa kI upAdhi hai| dvArA pazubali dekara prasAda-yajJa zeSa rUpa-meM hI aisA isakA zAbdika artha hai 'mahezvara ( ziva ) kA bhakta / kiyA jA sakatA hai / pUrvamImAMsA zAstra meM yaha 'parisaMkhyA mAhezvara upapurANa-yaha untIsa prasiddha upapurANoM meM se vidhi' kA siddhAnta kahalAtA hai| mAMsabhakSaNa se nivRtta honA hI isakA Azaya hai / mAhezvara sampradAya-mahAbhArata kAla meM pAzupata mata pradhAna dhArmika rUpa se vedamantroM ne pazumAMsa bhakSaNa kA spaSTa rUpa se pracalita thaa| mAhezvara tathA zaiva Adi usake niSedha kiyA hai aura ahisA dharma kI prazaMsA kI hai| 'parama antargata upasampradAya the| mAhezvara sampradAya meM maheza- dharma zruti vidita ahiMsA" vAlI tulasIdAsajI kI ukti mUrti kI upAsanA hotI hai| anya AcAra sAmAnya zaivoM nirAdhAra nahIM hai| "mA hiMsyAt sarvA bhUtAni" jaisA hI hotA hai| prasiddha vedavAkya hai / "yajamAnasya pazUn pAhi', ( yaju0 mAhezvara sUtra-caudaha mAhezvara sUtroM ke AdhAra para aSTA- 1.1), "azvam avim UrNAyu mA hisiiH|" ( yaju0 dhyAyI meM pANini ne pratyAhAra banAye haiM, jinakA prayoga 13.50), "mA hiMsiSTaM dvipado mA catuSpadaH / " (atharva0

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520 11. 2), "mitrasya cakSuSA sarvANi bhUtAni samIkSantAm / " ( yaju0 36.18 ) Adi vacanoM ke prakAza meM dhArmika dRSTi se mAMsabhakSaNa kI anujJA nahIM hai| kucha tathAkacita sudhAraka yA paMDitamanya Alocaka Rgveda kI duhAI dekara govadha aura tanmAsabhakSaNa ko vaidha ThaharAte haiM / aise loga vaidika rahasyArtha se vaMcita aura abodha haiM / Rgveda meM prAtaH zAntipATha ke e gosUkta kA udAtta nirdeza hai "duhAmazvibhyAM payo anye vardhatAM saubhagAya / " ( 1.16,427 )" "addhi tRNamadhye vizvedAnIM piva zuddhamudakamAcarantI / " ( 1.164.40 ) / pratyeka vivAha vidhi meM yaha maMtra vara kI ora se par3hA jAtA hai "mAtA rudrANAM duhitA vasUnAM svasAdityAmamRtasya nAbhiH / mA gAmanAgAmaditi vadhiSTa / " ( 8.101.15 ) / Rgveda kI ukta spaSTa go Adi pazuvadha tathA mAMsabhakSaNavirodhI AjJAoM ke hote hue yaha kahanA ki vaidika kAla ke hinduoM meM dharmavihita govadha yA mAMsabhakSaNa pracalita thA, sarAsara duHsAhasa aura anaitihAsika hai| saMbhavataH yaha eka SaDayantra thA jisameM vidharmI zAsakoM dvArA svArthasiddhi ke lie kucha pAzcAtya lekhakoM ko phusalAkara unase vedamantroM kI aisI anarthakArI vyAkhyAyeM likhavAyI gayIM / kucha vaidika kUTa paheliyoM jaise vAkyoM ne ina logoM kI vyAmohita bhI kara ddaalaa| mAMsabhakSaNa aura pazuvadha ke sambandha meM veda kA yaha kaThora Adeza hai : yaH pauruSeyeNa RvidhA samaGkte yo azvena pazunA yAtudhAnaH / yo anAyA bharati kSIramane teSAM zIrSANi harasApi vRzca // (R. 10.87.16 ) yA AmaM mAMsamadanti pauruSeyaM ca ye RSiH / garbhAn ( aNDAn ) khAdanti kezavAstAn ito nAzayAmasi || ( atharva 0 8.6.23 ) surA matsyA madhu mAMsamAsavaM kRzaraudanam / pUrteH pravartitaM tad naitad vedeSu dRzyate // ( mahA0 zAnti0 265.9 ) mitra - Aditya varga kA vaidika devatA / varuNa ke sAtha isakA sambandha itanA ghaniSTha hai ki svataMtra rUpa se kevala eka sUkta (Rgveda 3.59) meM isakI stuti milatI hai| mitra kA sabase bar3A guNa yaha mAnA gayA hai ki vaha apane 4 mitra zabdoM kA udghoSa karatA huA ( bruvANaH ) logoM ko eka dUsare se sammilita karatA hai ( vAtayati) aura animeSa dRSTi se ( animiSA ) kRSakoM kI rakhavAlI karatA hai| mitra manuSyoM ko prerita kara unako kAryoM meM lagAtA hai, jinheM ve maMtrI aura sahakAritA dvArA pUrA kareM vaha devI mitra aura sandhi kA devatA hai vaha apane guNoM kI mAnavoM meM utAratA hai| mitra ke bAre meM prAyaH ve hI bAteM kahI gayI haiM jo varuNa ke bAre meM prasiddha hai| vaha svarga tathA pRthvI kA dhAraNa karane vAlA, lokadevatA, svarga aura pRthvI se bar3A, ninimeSa mAnavoM kI ora dekhane vAlA, rAjAoM ke samAna jisake vratoM ( AjJAoM) kA pAlana honA cAhie, dayAlutA kA devatA, sahAyaka, dAnI, svAthyavarddhaka samRddhi dAtA Adi hai| mitra sUryodaya athavA dina kA devatA hai, varuNa sUryAsta athavA rAtri kA mitra dina ke naitika jIvana kA saMrakSaka hai, varuNa rAtri ke naitika jIvana kA / mitra tathA varuNa ke nAma vikalara dvArA 'bogAja - koI' ( laghu eziyA, IrAka ) kI takhtI para ( 1400 I0 pU0 ) likhita abhI kucha varSa pUrva prApta hue haiN| olDenabarga ke matAnusAra ye devatA IrAnI haiM / anya vidvAnoM ke anusAra ye bhAratIya haiN| yadi ye vaidika mAne jAyeM to inakI uparyukta sthiti se prAcIna kAla ke bhArata tathA laghu eziyA ke sambandhoM kI puSTi hotI hai tathA yaha bhI patA calatA hai ki bhAratIya AryoM kI eka zAkhA isI mArga ( bogAja-koI) se apane pazcimI nivAsa kI ora agrasara huI thI / bogA koI abhilekha ke mitra evaM varuNa kI sahayogitA kA ullekha pArasiyoM ke 'avestA' meM 'mizra tathA ahura' ke nAmoM se huA hai / paravartI avestA ke mizra ahura tathA RgvedIya mitra varuNa ke jor3e yaha siddha karate haiM ki yaha mAnyatA bhArata-IrAnI ke pUrva kI hai| yogAja koI abhilekha bhI puSTi 'assila' pratyaya dvArA jor3e jAne vAle mitra tathA varuNa se karatA hai| avestA meM 'mitra' kA artha sipa hai tathA Rgveda meM yaha 'mitratA' artha kA yotaka hai| ekatA TUTane isa bAta kI jaise jenasa kA artha hai " dvAra kA mitra vaha devatA hai jo satya bhASaNa, svIkRtiyoM, vacanoM, sandhiyoM meM jAna par3atA hai ki mitra prArambha meM sandhi kA devatA thA, devatA " / isa prakAra manuSya manuSya ke bIca sacAI kI dekha-rekha

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mitra-bhU-kAzyapa-mImAMsA zAstra 521 karatA thaa| satya antaprakAza hai tathA prakAza bAharI (2) mizra kA artha 'zreSTha' bhI hotA hai / 'AryamizrA' satya hai| yaha nahIM jAna par3atA ki mitra meM kauna sA zreSTha logoM ke lie sambodhana ke rUpa meM saMskRta granthoM meM vicAra pahale praviSTa huA / sambhavataH usameM naitika guNoM prayukta hotA hai| kI hI prAthamikatA jJAta hotI hai| mihira-IrAnI devatA "mithra" ko hI saMskRta meM mihira mitra kA bhautika rUpa prakAza thA jo kucha Age-pIche kahate haiN| dUsarI zatAbdI I0 pU0 meM uttara bhArata meM mAnya huA / kucha vidvAn mitra kI ekatA sUrya se sthApita isa zabda kA praveza huA / kramazaH Age calakara bhAratIya karate haiM aura isa prakAra mitra evaM varuNa se 'sUryaprakAza saura sampradAya meM yaha pUjanIya rUpa se samAviSTa ho gyaa| evaM use gherane vAlA vRttAkAra AkAza' artha ko sambhavataH vAstava meM vaidika 'mitra' devatA prAcIna kAla meM IrAna sthApanA hotI hai| ke pArasiyoM meM bhI mithra nAma se pUjya thaa| Age calakara tIsarI mAnyatA meM mitra yuddha kA devatA hai (mihyazta mithra kA parivartita rUpa mihira bhArata meM bhI pracalita ho ke anusAra) / bAda meM mithravAda yA mithra kI pUjA romana gayA / mihira aura mitra donoM Aditya ke paryAya mAne sAmrAjya meM phailI / yoddhA, devatA, spaSTavAditA, ImAnadArI sIthe mArga kA anusaraNa Adi sainikoM ke guNoM ke sAtha vaha monApaMtha-sikkhoM ke 'sahijadhArI' aura 'siMha' do vibhAga yuddha kA devatA mAnA jAne lgaa| mithravAda kA kAla haiN| sahijadhAriyoM ke bhI aneka pantha haiN| inameM eka hai pazcimI dezoM meM 100 se 300 I0 taka rhaa| eka mInA pantha / ise guru rAmadAsa ke putra pRthvIcanda ne samaya thA jaba yaha kahanA kaThina thA ki mithravAda tathA calAyA thA / de0 'sikkha sampradAya' / ravISTivAda meM se kauna vijayI hogaa| mImAMsaka-mImAMsA zAstra ke vidvAnoM ko mImAMsaka kahate mitra-bhU-kAzyapa-kazyapa kA vaMzaja / yaha vaMza brAhmaNa meM / haiN| karma mImAMsA darzana kI sthApanA isake lie haI thI uddhRta eka AcArya kA nAma hai jo vibhANDaka kAzyapa kA ki zrota tathA gRhyasUtroM meM batAyI huI sArI bAtoM kA ziSya thA / pAlana sandeharahita vizvAsapUrNa niyamoM ke anusAra ho / mitrasaptamI-mArgazIrSa zukla saptamI mitrasaptamI kaha- bar3e bar3e zrauta yajJoM ke avasaroM para usa uddezya kI rakSA lAtI hai / yaha tithivrata hai| mitra (sUrya) isake devatA haiN| ke lie vidvAn mImAMsaka nirdezArtha upasthita rahate the| SaSThI ko mitra kI pratimA ko usI prakAra snAna karAnA mImAMsA-de0 'puurvmiimaaNsaa'| cAhie jaise kArtika zukla 11 ko viSNu bhagavAn kI mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza-Apadeva suprasiddha mImAMsaka vidvAn pratimA ko karAyA jAtA hai| saptamI ko upavAsa (phaloM the| unakA 'mImAMsAnyAyaprakAza' pUrvamImAMsA kA kA sevana kiyA jA sakatA hai) tathA rAtri ko jAgaraNa prArambhika aura prAmANika prakaraNa grantha hai| racanAkAla karanA caahie| vibhinna prakAra ke puSpoM tathA svAdiSTa 1630 I0 hai / ise ApadevI bhI kahate haiN| sarala hone khAdyAnnoM se sUrya kA pUjana karanA caahie| nirdhanoM ke kAraNa isakA pracAra tathA prayoga pracura huA hai| anAthoM tathA brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA cAhie / aSTamI momAMsAvRtti-upavarSa nAmaka vRttikAra dvArA pUrva aura ko abhinetAoM tathA nartakoM ko rupayoM kA vitaraNa karanA uttara donoM hI mImAMsA zAstroM para vRtti grantha likhe gaye cAhie / de0 nIlamata purANa, pu0 46-47 (zloka 564- the / zaGkarAcArya (ba. sU. 3.3.53) kahate haiM ki upavarSa ne apanI mImAMsAvRtti meM kahIM-kahIM para zArIraka sUtra para mizra-(1) saMyukta athavA milA huaa| mizra tantra ATha likhita vRtti kI bAtoM kA ullekha kiyA hai / ye upavarSAhaiM / ina ke do guNa haiM: devI kI upAsanA ke sambandha meM cArya zabarasvAmI se pahale hue the| zikSA denA, evaM pArthivasukha ke sAtha hI makti kA mArga mImAMsAzAstra-viziSTAdvaitavAdI vaiSNava AcAryoM ke mata bhI pradarzita krnaa| isa prakAra inameM do lakSyoM kA se pUrvottara rUpAtmaka mImAMsA zAstra eka hI hai / ve mizraNa hai / isake viparIta samaya yA zubha (ucca) tantra donoM ke sUtrapAThoM meM prathama karma mImAMsA ke 'athAto kevala 'mukti' kA hI mArgadarzana karAte haiN| dharmajijJAsA' se lekara brahma mImAMsA ke 'anAvRttiH

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522 mIrAbAI muktidvAra-saptamI zabdAt' isa antima sUtra taka bIsa adhyAyoM kA eka hI makundarAja-marAThI bhASA ke vivekasindhu nAmaka grantha meM vedArtha-vicAra karane vAlA mImAMsA darzana mAnate haiM aura vedAnta kI vyAkhyA karane vAle eka vidvAn santa / inake usake tIna kANDa batalAte haiN| una kANDoM ke nAma haiM : grantha kA ullekha devagiri ke rAjA jaitrapAla ke zAsanadharmamImAMsA, devamImAMsA, brahmamImAMsA / dharmamImAMsA kAla meM 12vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM huA hai tathA ise nAmaka prathama kANDa AcArya jaimini dvArA praNIta hai| marAThI kA sabase prAcIna grantha kahA gayA hai / isa grantha kI usameM bAraha adhyAya haiM aura usameM dharma kA sAMgopAMga vivecana kiyA gayA hai| devamImAMsA nAmaka dvitIya kANDa mukundarAma-ba~galA bhASA ke prAcIna saMmAnita kavi / inhoMne kAzakRtsnAcArya ne banAyA thA aura usake cAra adhyAyoM meM baMgalA meM eka kalAtmaka mahAkAvya racA (1646 I0) devopAsanA kA rahasya parisphuTita kiyA gayA hai| brahma jisakA nAma 'caNDI maGgala' hai / yaha zAkta paMthI grantha hai| mImAMsA nAmaka tRtIya kANDa ke racayitA hai baadraaynnmuni| aura 'maMgala' kAvyoM meM sarvazreSTha mAnA gayA hai| inhoMne cAra adhyAyoM meM brahma kA pUrNa vimarza karake apanA muktAnanda-svAmInArAyaNa sampradAya ke anuyAyI saMta / siddhAnta acchI taraha sthApita kiyA hai| karma, upAsanA muktAnanda jI ne gujarAtI bhASA meM aneka bhajana va pada aura jJAna ina tInoM kANDoM se yukta sampUrNa zAsra kA race haiN| nAma hai mImAMsAzAsra / isa sampUrNa mImAMsA zAsra kI muktAphala-vopadeva paNDita dvArA racita 'muktAphala' bhAgavatti bhagavAn bodhAyanAcArya ne banAyI thii| vatapurANa para AdhArita hai| isameM ukta purANa kI zikSAe~ ___ anya AcAryoM ke matAnusAra do svatantra mImAMsA- saMgRhIta haiM / isakA racanAkAla caudahavIM zatAbdI kA zAsra haiM: (1) pUrva mImAMsA, jisameM vaidika karmakANDa kA prathama caraNa hai| vivecana hai aura (2) uttara mImAMsA, jisameM vedAnta muktAbAI-pandrahavIM zatAbdI ke mahArASTrIya bhaktoM meM darzana yA brahma kA nirUpaNa hai / de0 'pUrvamImAMsA' / muktAbAI kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / inake abhaGga Adara ke mIrAbAI-jodhapura ke mer3atA rAjakula kI kRSNabhakta sAtha par3he aura gAye jAte haiN|| rAjakumArI / inakA byAha mevAr3a ke yuvarAja ke sAtha muktAbharaNa vrata-bhAdra zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA prAraMbha haA / inake sasura prasiddha vIra rANA kumbhA the / rANA hotA hai / yaha tithivrata hai / ziva tathA umA usake devatA kumbhA kI mRtyu ke pahale hI unake pati kI mRtyu ho / haiN| zivapratimA ke sammukha eka dhAgA rakhA jAtA hai / gyii| vidhavA mIrAbAI ke sAtha unake pati ke bhAI kA usake uparAnta AvAhana se prArambha kara ziva jI kA vyavahAra nirdaya thaa| mIrA ne cittaur3a tyAga diyA tathA SoDazopacAra pUjana kiyA jAtA hai| ziva jI kA Asana santa raidAsa (rAmAnandIya) kI ziSyA bana gayIM aura Age muktAoM tathA ratnoM se jaTita honA caahie| upacAroM ke calakara kRSNa kI ucca koTi kI upAsikA huI / inake bAda usa dhAge ko kalAI meM bA~dha liyA jAtA hai| tadakRSNa bhakti sambandhI gIta lokaprasiddha hai| gujarAtI meM nantara 1100 maNDala (marAThI meM mANDe, hindI meM bATiyA~) bhI inake bahuta se gIta pAye jAte haiM, jinameM se kucha meM tathA veSTikAeM (jalebiyA~) dAna meM denI caahie| isase utkaTa prema ke tattva nihita haiN| mIrAbAI kA sthiti putroM kI Ayu dIrgha hotI hai / kAla 16vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArdha hai|| mukti-saMsAra ke janmamaraNa-bandhana se chuTakArA / de0 mokSa / mukunda-chAndogya tathA kenopaniSad ke aneka vattikAra muktikopaniSada-maktikopaniSad meM 108 upaniSadoM kI tathA TIkAkAroM meM se mukUnda bhI eka hai| nAmAvalI dI huI hai jo mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM mokSa kA makundamAlA-kerala prAnta ke prasiddha zAsaka kUlazekhara vivecana vizeSarUpa se kiyA gayA hai / eka pradhAna alavAra (parama vaiSNava) ho gae haiN| unhoMne muktidvAra saptamI-jaba saptamI hasta athavA puSpa nakSatra 'mukundamAlA' nAmaka eka atyanta bhaktirasapUrNa, sAhityika yukta ho taba isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| Aka stotra grantha kI racanA kI hai| bhaktasamAja meM isakA bahuta ke vRkSa ko pramANa karake usakI TahanI kI dAtuna se dA~ta Adara hai| sApha karane caahie| usa avasara para snAna-pUjana karane ke

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mukhabimba Agama-muje 523 bAda havana kA bhI Ayojana honA caahie| A~gana ko viSayoM kA jisa grantha meM varNana ho, vaha mukhya tantra kahagau ke gobara tathA rakta candana se lopakara vahA~ aSTadala lAtA hai| vizeSa vivaraNa 'tantra' zabda kI vyAkhyA kamala banAkara pUrva kI ora se prArambhakara prati devatA meM dekheN| kA kamala ke daloM para AhvAna karanA caahie| tadanantara macakundatIrtha (dhaulapura)--rAjasthAna ke pUrvI pravezadvAra mantroM ko bolakara SoDazopacAra pUjana karanA caahie| dhaulapura se tIna mIla para suramya parvata zrRMkhalA meM sthita vratI usa dina upavAsa kare / vaha SaT rasoM (lavaNa, miSTha, rAjarSi mucukunda kI guphaa| devakArya se nivRtta hokara amla, tikta, kaTu, kasailA) meM se eka hI rasa kA sevana mucukunda zramanivAraNArtha isa guphA meM zayana kara rahe the / kare / do-do mAsa taka eka rasa lene ke bAda agale do devatAoM ne unako vara diyA thA ki tumhArI nidrA bhaMga mAsa taka dUsarA rasa lenA caahie| isI prakAra bAraha karane vAlA bhasma ho jaaygaa| kAlayavana se bhayAkrAnta mahIne meM chaH rasoM kA sevana karanA caahie| terahaveM mAsa hokara zrIkRSNa usako mathurA se yahA~ taka bhagA lAye vrata kI pAraNA ho tathA vratI kapilA gau kA dAna kare / aura apanA pItAmbara rAjA para DAlakara svayaM guphA meM isa vrata se vratI mokSa prApta karatA hai| chipa gye| kAlayavana ne kRSNa ke dhokhe se sote hae mukhabimba Agama-eka raudrika Agama hai, jo 'mukhabinba' mucakunda ko lAta mArI aura rAjA kI dRSTi par3ate hI athavA 'mukhayugbimba' nAma se prasiddha hai| vaha jalakara bhasma ho gayA / pazcAt zrI kRSNa ne divya mukhayugbimba Agama-de0 'mukhabimba Agama' / darzana dekara rAjA ko badarikAzrama meM jAne kI AjJA dii| mukhaliGga--mukha kI AkRti se aGkita liMga ko mukhaliGga mucakunda ne guphA se bAhara Akara yajJa sampanna kiyA aura kahate haiM / eka se lekara paJcamukha taka ke liGga pAye jAte ve uttarAkhaMDa cale gye| isa parvatIya sthalI ko gndhhaiN| amUrta zivatattva ko mUrta athavA mukhara rUpa dene kA mAdana kahate haiM / mucukunda ke yajJasthAna para eka sarovara yaha prayAsa hai / ziva kI pUjA-arcA liGga ke rUpa meM ati hai jisameM cAroM ora pakke ghATa tathA aneka devamandira prAcIna kAla se calI A rahI hai| na kevala bhArata varan haiM / RSipaJcamI aura baladevachaTha ko yahA~ bhArI melA vRhattara bhArata meM bhI isakA pracalana thA / hinda cIna ke hotA hai| dillI-bambaI rASTrIya mArga se kevala eka mIla pradeza campA meM ziva sampradAya kA pracAra bahuta adhika dUra hone ke kAraNa paryaTaka yAtriyoM ke lie yaha darzanIya thaa| yahA~ ke mandiroM ke bhagnAvazeSoM meM aneka aisI vedi- sthala hotA jA rahA hai| kAeM upalabdha hotI haiM jinake madhya avazya kabhI liGga vArAhapurANa meM mathurAmaMDala kA vistAra bIsa yojana sthApita rahe hoNge| ye sabhI liGga sAdhAraNa AkRti ke kahA gayA hai aura isI ke sAtha mucukundatIrtha tathA pavitra belanAkAra UArI sire para gola haiN| yahA~ ke liGgoM meM kuNDa kA mAhAtmya varNana kiyA gayA hai| isa tIrtha se mukhaliGga bhI the / isakA pramANa poklona garaI ke mandira prAya 2-3 kosa dUra mathurAmaNDala ke dakSiNa chora para meM upasthita mukhaliGga se hotA hai| liGga meM mukha aMkita yamunA kI sahAyaka nadI cambala bahatI hai| isakI puNyahai jo mukuTa tathA rAjA ke anya AbhUSaNoM se susajjita hai| zAlitA kA smaraNa kAlidAsa ne bhI apane megha ko karAyA mukhavata-isa vrata ke anusAra eka varSa ke lie tAmbUla haiM kyoMki yaha nadI atithi satkAra ke lie kATe gaye (mukhavAsa) kA parityAga karanA par3atA hai| varSa ke anta kadalIvRkSoM meM se nikalakara bahatI thii| meM eka gau kA dAna vihita hai| isase vratI yakSoM kA svAmI bana jAtA hai| maJja--eka prakAra kI lambI ghAsa jo dasa phuTa taka bar3hatI mukhyatantra-tantrazAstra tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai-Agama, hai / Rgveda meM anya ghAsoM ke sAtha isakA ullekha huA yAmala aura mukhya tantra / sRSTi, laya, mantranirNaya devatAoM hai| usI grantha meM (1.161,8) muJja soma ko chAnane ke ke saMsthAna, yantra-nirNaya, tIrtha, Azrama dharma, kalpa, jyotiSa ___ kAma meM Ane vAlI kahI gayI hai| anya saMhitAoM tathA saMsthAna, vrata kathA, zauca aura azauca, strI-puruSa lakSaNa, brAhmaNoM meM muJja kA prAyaH ullekha huA hai| jahA~ ise rAjadharma, dAnadharma, yugadharma, vyavahAra tathA AdhyAtmika khokhalA (suSira) tathA AsandI meM vyavahRta kahA gayA hai|

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524 muNDakopaniSad-mUlagaurIvrata (zata0 12.8,3,6) / muJja ko hI mekhalA banatI hai jise muni-Rgveda kI eka RcA meM muni kA artha saMnyAsI hai, brahmacArI aura tapasvI dhAraNa karate haiN| jo deveSita alaukika zakti rakhatA hai| eka maMtra meM use maja kI mekhalA (kadhanI) pahananA dAha, tRSNA, visarpa lambe kezoM vAlA kahA gayA hai / Rgveda (8.17,14) meM atra, mUtra, basti aura netra ke rogoM meM lAbhakArI indra ko muniyoM kA mitra kahA gayA hai / atharvaveda (1.74) hotA hai| meM devamuni kA uddharaNa hai / upaniSadoM meM (bR0 u0 3.4, 'dAha tRSNAvisasrimUtrabastyAkSi rogajit / 1;4.4,25 tai0 A0 2.20 ) muni aura nigrahI doSatrayaharaM vRSyaM maukhalamuJjamucyate // varNita haiM, jo adhyayana, yajJa, tapa, vrata evaM zraddhA dvArA (bhAvaprakAza) brahmajJAna prApta karate haiN| maNDakopaniSada-anya upaniSadoM kI apekSA kI atharvavedIya munimArga-mAnabhAU sampradAya kA eka nAma 'munimArga' bhI upaniSadoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| brahmatattvaprakAza hI unakA hai / munimArga kA Azaya dattAtreya dvArA calAye gaye pantha uddezya hai / zaGkarAcArya ne muNDaka, mANDUkya, prazna aura nRsiMha se hai / de0 'dattAtreya sampradAya' / tApinI ina cAroM upaniSadoM ko pradhAna AtharvaNa upaniSad muni lakSaNa-brahma ke cintana ke lie jo mauna dhAraNa mAnA hai / brahma kyA hai ? use kisa prakAra samajhA jAtA hai, karatA hai, use muni kahate haiN| jise brahma kA sAkSAtkAra kisa prakAra prApta kiyA jAtA hai, isa upaniSada meM inhIM ho jAtA haiM vahI zreSTha muni aura vahI brAhmaNa hai| muni viSayoM kA varNana hai| zaGkarAcArya, rAmAnujAcArya, Ana- prAyaH bhASaNa nahIM karatA, mauna ho usakA vyAkhyAna hai / ndatIrtha, dAmodarAcArya, narahari Adi ke isa upaniSad mumukSa-mokSa kA icchuka, saMsAra ke janma-maraNa se chUTane para bhASya va TIkAe~ haiN| kA abhilASI / amaratA ke sandarbha meM sAdhAraNa AtmA ke muNDamAlAtantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta 64 tantroM cAra prakAra haiM-(1) baddha vaha hai jo jIvana ke sukha-dukhAdi kI sUcI meM muNDamAlAtantra bhI sammilita hai| se ba~dhA huA hai tathA mukti mArga para ArUr3ha nahIM hai, (2) mudgala-Rgveda ke aneka bhASyakAra haiM / mudgala kA nAma mumukSu-jisameM mokSa kI icchA jAgrata ho cukI hai, kintu bhI unameM sunA jAtA hai| abhI isake yogya nahIM hai / ise 'jAgrata baddha' kahA jA mudgala upapurANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM se eka mudgala hai| sakatA hai, (3) kevalI yA bhakta, jo zuddha hRdaya se devo yaha gANapatya sampradAya ke upapurANoM meM parigaNita hai| pAsanA meM bhakti pUrvaka tallIna hai aura (4) mukta jo sabhI mudgala purANa-de0 'mudgala upapurANa' / donoM eka hI haiN| vAsanAoM aura bandhanoM se mukta hai| mudrA-(1) aMguliyoM, hAtha athavA zarIra kI gati athavA murArimizra-kAptIya gRhya (grantha) ke aneka bhASyakAroM meM bhaGgiyoM dvArA bhAva vyakta karane kA yaha eka mAdhyama hai| murArimizra bhI eka hai| zAkta loga devI ko pratIka AdhAra (kisI pAtra) meM utA- muruha-muruha ko subrahmaNya (svAmI kArtikeya) bhI kahate haiN| rane ke lie pAtra ke Upara yantra maNDala ke sAtha pUjA- isa devatA kI prazaMsA meM 'tirumuruhattuppadai' nAmaka eka grantha viSayaka mudrAe~ (u~galiyoM ke saketa Adi) aGkita karate nakkIra deva nAmaka tamila zaiva AcArya ne likhA hai| hai / gorakhanAthI sampradAya ke sAdhu haThayoga kI kriyA meM mUlagaurIvrata-caitra zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna Azcaryajanaka zArIrika Asana, zarIrazodhana ke lie hotA hai| isa dina tilamizrita jala se snAna karanA prANAyAma tathA anekAneka zvAsa evaM dhyAna Adi ko caahie| sundara phaloM se ziva tathA gaurI kA caraNoM se yaugika mudrA ko saMjJA se abhihita karate haiN| anekAneka prArambha kara mastakaparyanta pUjana karanA caahie| bAraha mudrAe~ bhAratIya kalA, nRtya Adi meM vyavahRta hotI AyI mAsoM meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke puSpoM kI bheMTa car3hAnI hai-yathA :abhaya mudrA, varadamudrA, dhyAnamudrA, bhUsparzamudrA cAhie / bhinna prakAra ke tarala padArtha tathA khAdya padArtha Adi / arpaNa karane caahie| vibhinna nAmoM se gaurI kA alaga (2) vAmAcAra meM maJca makAroM-madya, mA~sa, matsya, pUjana honA caahie| vratI ko kama se kama eka phala kA mudrA aura maithuna meM isakI gaNanA hai| tyAga karanA caahie| vrata ke anta meM use paryaGka para

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malacArI-magazirAvata 525 bichAne ke vastra, svarNanirmita vRSa tathA gau kA dAna karanA karAyA gayA hai, jahA~ isakA artha jaMgalI jantu vyAghra, siMha cAhie / bhagavAna ziva ne caitra zukla tRtIyA ko gaurI se Adi haiN| vivAha kiyA thA / agnipurANa, 178.1-20 / (2)aitareya brAhmaNa (3.33,5) meM sAyaNa bhASyAnusAra malacArI-sAmaveda kI zAkhA paramparA meM logAkSi ke cAra 1 cAra yaha mRgazirA nakSatra hai| ziSyoM meM se eka mUlacArI bhI hue haiN| ___ (3) Age calakara mRga kA artha prAyaH hariNa ho mUla prakRti-sAMkhyokta sattva, rajas aura tamas tInoM guNoM gyaa| mRgacarma athavA hariNa kI chAla brahmacAriyoM tathA ke ekatrita hone se mUla prakRti kA nirmANa hotA hai, jo tapasviyoM ke Asana ke kAma AtI hai| bhautika vastuoM kA sUkSma (adRzya) upAdAna hai| zAkta mugayu-saMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM mRgayu AkheTaka (zikArI) matAnusAra devI mUla prakRti hai tathA sArA vizva (sRSTi) kA bodhaka hai, kintu isakA prayoga kama hI huA hai / vAjasazakti kA vilAsa hai| neyI saMhitA aura taittirIya brAhmaNa meM puruSamedha yajJa kI mUlazaGkara-(1) ziva ke Adi avyakta rUpa ko 'malazaGkara' bali ke lie una puruSoM ko lete the jo apanI jIvikA kahate haiM / svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI ke bacapana kA nAma machalI pakar3akara tathA zikAra dvArA karate the| inameM mUlazaGkara thaa| vizeSa varNana ke lie de0 'dayAnanda' tathA mAgari, kaivarta, paujiSTa, dAza evaM mainAla Adi machae 'aarysmaaj'| banda evaM Ananda ke nAma se prasiddha hai / pichale do bhI kisI malastambha-sAmAnya zaiva sAhitya meM isakI gaNanA hotI zreNI ke machae hI the| vaidika kAla ke Arambha meM bhI hai| yaha grantha marAThI bhASA meM mukundarAja dvArA likhA Arya pUre zikArI na the| zikAra kA kAraNa bhojana manogayA thaa| raMjana tathA vanya pazuoM se khetI kI rakSA karanA thaa| mUlAdhAra-zAkta mata meM dhyAna tathA yogAbhyAsa ke dvArA / zikAra meM bANoM kA prayoga hotA thaa| prArambhika kAla zakti (devI) ko mUlAdhAra suSumnA nADI ke chaH paryoM meM meM jAla evaM gar3hoM kA prayoga svAbhAvika thaa| pakSiyoM ko sabase nicalA parva yA cakra se Upara uThAte hue cAra cakroM jAla se hI pakar3A jAtA thA / pAza, nidhA, jAla Adi ke mArga se AjJA (mUmadhya) tathA phira sahasrAra cakra taka nAma Ate haiN| pakSI pakar3ane vAle ko 'nidhApati' kahate the / le jAte hai| isa vidyA ko 'zrIvidyA' kahate haiN| isakI gar3hoM dvArA RSya (eka prakAra kA hariNa) pakar3e jAte the zikSA kevala zubha athavA samaya tantroM se prApta hotI hai| tathA usa zikArI kA nAma RSpada thaa| sUara ko daur3A zAkka matAnusAra zarIra meM aneka kSudra praNAliyA~ athavA kara pakar3ate the| zera ke lie bhI gaDDhA khodate the yA rahasyamaya zakti ke sUtra haiN| unheM nAr3I kahate haiN| sabase zikAriyoM dvArA gherakara pakar3ate the| sAyaNa ne kahA hai mahattvapUrNa suSumnA hai| isase sambandhita chaH kendra athavA ki dhaivara vaha hai jo tAlAba kI machalI jAla dvArA chAnatA cakra hai, jo mAnuSika deha meM eka ke Upara dUsare rUpa meM sthita hai, dAza tathA zauSkala baMsI = bAdriza dvArA, mArgAra hAtha hai / inako 'kamala' bhI kahate haiN| sabase nIce kA cakra dvArA, Ananda bA~dhakara, parNaka pAnI meM jaharIlA pattA mUlAdhAra kamara ke nIce hai| usake cAroM ora zakti sarpa DAlakara machalI pakar3ate the| sadaza sAr3he tIna gheroM meM soyI huI hai| isa mudrA meM use mRgazirA vrata-zrAvaNa kRSNa pratipadA ko isa vrata kA anukuNDalinI kahate haiN| zAkta yoga dvArA use jagAyA tathA SThAna hotA hai / ziva jI ne yajJa ke tIna mukhoM ko apane sabase UparI cakra taka le jAyA jA sakatA hai| madhya kI bANa se, jisameM tIna kA~Te yA zala lage the, isI dina praNAliyA~ evaM kendra AdhAra kA kArya karate hai / ye hI cakra bIMdha diyA thaa| vahI mRga rUpa mAnA gayA / vratI ko tathA kendra dIkSita zAktoM kI AzcaryapUrNa zaktiyoM ke miTTI kA hariNa rUpa vAlA mRgazirA nakSatra banavAnA AdhAra haiN| cAhie / tadantara use kanda mUla-phala tathA ATe meM alasI mRga-(1) mRga se sAdhAraNataH vanya pazu kA bodha hotA hai| milAkara banAyA gayA naivedya mRgazirA ko arpaNa kara kabhI-kabhI 'bhIma' bhayaMkara viruda se isake guNoM kA bodha pUjanA caahie|

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magendra Agama-menA (menakA) magendra Agama-eka mahattvapUrNa Agama / yaha kAmikAgama zatruoM kA damana karane vAlI hai / vaha mujha dhAraNa karane (prathama Agama) kA prathama bhAga, athavA jJAna bhAga hai| vAle kI samyak rakSA kare aura kabhI aprasanna na ho / ] mRgendra saMhitA-zrIkANThAcArya ne mRgendra saMhitA kI vRtti prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa meM rahane vAle baTuka aura tapaevaM aghora zivAcArya ne isakI vyAkhyA likhI hai| sviyoM ko sphUrti dene aura rogoM se bacAne meM mekhalA mRtyu-Rgveda (7.79,12) tathA paravartI sAhitya meM mRtyu adbhuta samartha hotI hai| isIlie ise mantra meM RSiyoM ko bhayasUcaka kahA gayA hai / eka sau eka prakAra kI mRtyu kI bahina ( svasA devI subhagA mekhaleyam ) kahA gayA hai| kahI gayI hai, jinameM vRddhAvasthA kI svAbhAvika ke sivA de0 'muJja' / mRtyu ke eka sau prakAra haiM / pUre vaidika sAhitya meM jovana- meghapAlI tRtIyA-Azvina zukla tRtIyA ko strI tathA kAla eka sau varSoM kA varNita hai| vRddhAvasthA ke pahale puruSa donoM ke lie meghapAlI nAmaka latA ke pUjana kA maraNa (purA jarasaH) nizcita jIvanakAla ke pahale marane vidhAna hai / isa latA ke patte pAna ke pattoM ke samAna (surA AyuSaH) ke samAna thaa| dUsarI tarapha bRddhAvasthA meM hote haiM tathA yaha prAyaH udyAnoM, pahAr3iyoM evaM grAmINa zakti kSINa ho jAne kI burAI kA bhI anubhava kiyA mArgoM meM pAyI jAtI hai / isakA pUjana bhinna-bhinna prakAra gayA hai (Rgveda 1.71,10,179,1) / azvinoM ke cama- ke phaloM tathA aMkura nikale hue sapta dhAnyoM se karanA tkAroM meM se eka vRddha cyavana ko punaH navayuvaka tathA cAhie / isa AcaraNa se samasta pApoM kA nAza ho jAtA zaktizAlI banAnA thA / atharvaveda meM AyuSya-prApti tathA hai, vizeSa rUpa se vyApAriyoM ke una pApoM kA jo kama mRtyu se mukti ke aneka mantra hai| zava ko gAr3ane tathA taulane yA nApane se hote rahate haiM / jalAne donoM prakAra kI prathA thii| kintu gAr3anA kama medhAjanana-eka vaidika saMskAra / isakA artha hai medhA pasanda kiyA jAtA thaa| prAyaH zava kI dAhakriyA hotI (= prajJA ) utpanna krnaa| yaha jAtakarma ( janma ke thii| mRtyu ke bAda punaH isa jagata meM Akara jIvanacakra samaya kiye gaye dhArmika kRtya ) aura upanayana ke avasara ko duharAnA AryoM ko mAnya thA / Rgveda kA kathana hai para kiyA jAtA thA / sAvitrI ( gAyatrI mantra) ke sAtha ki bure kArya karane vAloM ke lie burAiyA~ pratIkSA karatI medhAjanana saMskAra hotA thaa| haiM, kintu atharvaveda tathA brAhmaNoM ke samaya se naraka ke medhAtithi-(1) RgvedIya vASkala upaniSad meM eka daNDa kI kalpanA cala pdd'ii| brAhmaNa grantha hI (zata0 brA0 upAkhyAna hai ki indra meSa kA rUpa dharakara kaNva ke putra 11.6,1; jai0 brA0 1.42-44) sabase pahale acche yA meghAtithi ko svarga le gye| medhAtithi ne meSarUpI indra bure kAryoM kA pariNAma svarga yA naraka ke rUpa meM se pUchA "tuma kauna ho" ? unhoMne uttara diyA "maiM vizvebatAte haiN| zvara hU~; tumako satya ke samujjvala mArga para le jAne ke mekhalA-(1)mUMja kI banI karadhanI ko mekhalA kahate lie maiMne yaha kAma kiyA hai; tuma koI AzaMkA mata hai| isako brahmacArI upanayana ke samaya aura tapasvI sadA ___ kro|" yaha sunakara meghAtithi nizcinta ho gye| sAdhAraNa karate haiM / yaha Rta athavA naitikatA kI rakSikA (2) manusmRti ke prasiddha bhASyakAra kA nAma hai| mAnI gayI hai| medhya-medhA (smRti zakti) ke lie hitakArI; pavitra; zraddhAyAH duhitA tapaso'dhijAtA svasA RSINAM bhUta- zuddha karake grAhya arthAt 'yajJa meM Ahuti karane yogya' / kRtA babhUva / atharva 6.133.4 zuddha athavA pavitra padArtha medhya samajhA jAtA hai| Rsya goptI tapazcaritrI dhnatIrakSaH sahamAtAH arAtIH / / (1) Rgveda (8.52,2 ) meM eka yajJakartA kA sA mA samantamabhiparyehi bhadre dhastei subhage mA RSAma / nAma madhya hai| zAGkhAyana zrautasUtra meM bhUla se isako [ mekhalA zraddhA kI kanyA, tapa se utpanna, RSiyoM praskaNva kANva kA saMrakSaka pRSadhramedhya mAtarizvA samajhA kI bahina tathA bhUtoM ( jIvadhAriyoM) kI utpAdikA hai| gayA hai| vaha Rta ( suvyavasthA) kI rakSA karane vAlI, tapa kA menA ( menakA )-(1) menA yA menakA kA ullekha AcaraNa karane vAlI, rAkSasoM kA hanana karane vAlI, Rgveda ( 1.51,13 ) tathA brAhmaNoM meM vRSaNasva kI putrI

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meyakaNDadeva-maitrAyaNIyopaniSad 527 yA kadAcit strI ke rUpa meM huA hai| unake sAtha samba- merutantra meM kucha atyanta Adhunika zabdoM ke vyavahAra se jAna ndhita kathA kA ullekha kahIM bhI nahIM hai / par3atA hai ki tantroM kA nirmANa kAphI pIche taka hotA rahA hai| (2) hindu parAkathA meM menA himAlaya kI patnI meSasaMkrAnti-yaha hinduoM ke kAlavibhAjaka mukhya paryoM meM aura pArvatI kI mAtA kA nAma hai| se eka hai| isa parva para gaGgAsnAna, jala kalaza, paMkhA evaM sattU Adi kA dAna aura bhakSaNa kiyA jAtA hai / prAcIna meyakaNDadeva-tamila zaiva apane dhArmika jJAnArtha Agama samaya meM isa parva kA mahattva viSuva dina ( samAnarAtrigranthoM para nirbhara rahate the, kintu terahavIM aura caudahavIM dina ) ke kAraNa thaa| dhArmika vicAra se sUrya kA meSa zatI meM vahA~ kucha tIkSNa buddhivAle vicAraka hue, jo rAzi meM isI dina praveza hotA hai| kintu pRthvI kI tamila bhASA ke kavi bhI the / unhIM meM eka meyakaNDa the jo ayana-gati meM prati varSa antara par3ate jAne ke kAraNa saMprati tamila zaiva dharma ke srota samajhe jAte haiM / terahavIM zatAbdI rAtri-dina ke samAna hone vAlI ghaTanA isa saMkrAnti se ke prArambha meM inakA janma zUdra kula meM madrAsa se uttara prAyaH 23 dina pUrva hone lagI hai| isIlie sUrya kA pennAra nadI ke taTapara huA thaa| unhoMne zaiva Agama ke uttara gola gamana saMbandhI vibhAjana bhI isI samaya hone 12 sUtroM kA saMskRta se tamila meM anuvAda kiyA / isa lagA hai| isa prakAra 23 dina pUrva hone vAlI aisI saba grantha kA nAma 'ziva jJAna bodha' thA, jisameM inhoMne kucha saMkrAntiyoM ko "sAyana saMkrAnti" kahate haiN| tamila meM TippaNiyA~ tathA samAnatAoM kA eka gadyakhaNDa maitrAyaNIya-kRSNa yajurveda kI eka zAkhA hai| apane tarkoM kI puSTi ke lie prastuta kiyA / ye prasiddha maitrAyaNIyagRhyasUtra-yajarveda ke gRhyasUtroM meM maitrAyaNIya adhyApaka the tathA inake aneka ziSya the| inake sabase prasiddha adhyApaka tha tathA inaka anaka ziSya thA inaka sabasa prAsaddha gRhyasUtra bhI prApta hotA hai| ziSya arulanandIdeva tathA manavAcakam kadaNDAna the| maitrAyaNI brAhmaNa-baudhAyana zulbasUtra meM ( 3218) udarulanandI ke ziSya maraijJAnasambandha (zUdra ) the tathA ghata eka vaidika grantha kA nAma, jo maitrAyaNI zAkhA ke unake brAhmaNa ziSya umApati the / isa prakAra meyakaNDa, arulanandI, maraijJAnasambandha tathA umApati milakara maitrAyaNIya yajarveda paddhati-yajurveda sambandhI karmakANDa kA 'cAra sanAtana AcArya' ke nAma se vikhyAta haiN| isa nAma kA eka grantha prApta huA hai| merutantra-yaha suprasiddha tantra ziva-pArvatI-saMvAda rUpa se maitrAyaNI zAkhA-yajurveda kI maitrAyaNI zAkhA bhI milatI 35 prakAzoM meM pUrNa huA hai / ziva dvArA upadiSTa 108 hai| isake mantrasaMkalana meM pA~ca kANDa haiM / bahata sambhava tantroM meM isakA sthAna sabase U~cA hai ( mAlA ke sumeru ke hai ki ye yajurveda kI bhinna-bhinna zAkhAoM ke saMhitA samAna ), isalie isakA nAma merutantra ho gyaa| yaha bhI granthoM se saMkalita kiye gaye ho| kahA gayA hai ki jalandhara ke bhaya se meru parvata para gaye maitrAyaNIsaMhitA-yajurveda ke maitrAyaNIya zAkhA kI maMtrAhae devatA aura RSiyoM ke prati zivajI ne isakA upadeza yaNI saMhitA hai / isameM kucha brAhmaNa aMza bhI prastuta kiyA kiyA thaa| yaha dakSiNa aura vAma donoM mArga vAloM ko gayA hai| eka samAna mAnya hai| maitrAyaNIyopaniSad-kRSNa yajurveda kI eka upaniSad / merutantra hI saMskRta gaMthoM meM aisA grantha hai jahA~ isakI racanA sambhavataH gItA ke kAla kI athavA bhArata ke rahane vAloM ke lie 'hindU' zabda kA vyavahAra usase kucha bAda kI hai| mahAbhArata ke do adhyAyoM haA hai / yahA~ 'hIna' tathA 'duSa' do zabdoM se hindU kI vyatpatti batAyI gaI hai / 'hIna' kA artha 'adhama', 'nIca'. maitrAyaNI, mANDUkya ye tInoM upaniSadeM apane omanirU'go' aura 'duSa' nindA aura naSTa karane ke artha meM AtA paNa ke siddhAnta ke kAraNa eka-dUsarI ke bahuta nikaTa hai| hai| "jo kucha nindA ke yogya hai use naSTa karane vAlA, dhArmika vicAroM kI unnati yA vikAsa kI dRSTi se athavA usakI nindA karane vAlA hindU hai|" yahI tantra- akelI maitrAyaNI hI gaMbhIra guNa sampanna hai / maitrAyaNI meM kAra kA abhiprAya hai jo kAphira kahane vAloM kA jabAba hai| sAMkhya tathA yoga ke paryApta dArzanika tattva hai| calikA.

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528 upaniSad jo pUrNatayA yogadarzana para avalambita hai, maitrAyaNI se gaharA sambandha rakhatI evaM usakI samakAlIna hai| hindU trimUrti kA sarvaprathama ullekha maitrAyaNI ke do paricchedoM meM huA hai| prathama meM ina tInoM (brahmA, viSNu, maheza) ko nirAkAra brahma kA rUpa mAnA gayA hai tathA dUsare meM inheM dArzanika rUpa diyA gayA hai ve adRzya prakRti ke AdhAra haiN| isa prakAra eka mahat tattva tIna rUpoM meM prakaTa huA hai--satva, rajas evaM tamas / viSNu sattva, brahmA rajas evaM ziva tamas haiM / maMtrAvaruNa - zrItayajJoM (somasAdhyoM) kA eka purohita / brAhmaNa kAla meM yajJoM kA rUpa vistRta ho gayA tathA tadanukUla purohitoM kI saMkhyA bar3ha gyii| naye naye pada banAye gaye aura alaga-alaga yajJoM ke liye alaga-alaga purohita nizcita hue| maitrAvaruNa bhI eka purohita kA nAma thA jo saumitri yajJoM meM sahAyatA kArya kA karatA thaa| somayajJoM meM 16 purohitoM kI AvazyakatA hotI thii| isameM se maitrAvaruNa bhI eka hotA thA / maMtrAvaruNi RSi agastya kA eka nAma jaisA kathita hai, mitra tathA varuNa ne svargIya apsarA urvazI ko dekhakara apanA-apanA teja eka pAnI ke ghar3e meM DAla diyA / isa dhar3e se hI agastya kI utpatti huii| do pitA, mitra evaM varuNa ke kAraNa inakA pitRbodhaka nAma maitrAvaruNi ho gayA / maMtre - ziva ke cAra pAzupata ziSyoM meM se eka kA nAma maitreya hai / udayapura se 14 mIla dUra eka liGgajI ke prAcIna mandira meM eka abhilekha prApta huA hai jisameM yaha sandeza hai ki ziva bhar3IMca (gujarAta) prAnta meM avatarita hokara hAtha meM eka lakula dhAraNa kareMge / isa sthAna kA nAma kAyAvarohaNa hai| citra prazasti ke anusAra ziva lATa deza ke kArohaNa ( kAyAvarohaNa samprati karjaNa ) nAmaka sthAna meM pAzupata mata ke pracAraka rUpa se avatarita hue| vahA~ unake cAra ziSya bhI manuSya zarIra meM prakaTa hue the kuzika, gArgya, korUSya evaM maitreya bhUtapUrva bar3audA rAjya meM karavara vaha sthAna hai jahAM Aja bhI lakulIza kA mandira sthita hai / maitreyI - bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad (2, 4, 14,5, 2 ke anusAra yAjJavalksya kI do patniyoM meM se eka kA nAma maitreyI yA saMnyAsa lene ke samaya yAjJavalkya ne apanI sampatti ko donoM patniyoM meM bA~Tane kA Ayojana kiyaa| isa maitrAvaruNa mokSa avasara para maitreyI ne bar3A maulika prazna pUchA "kyA isa sampatti ko lene para maiM saMsAra ke duHkhoM se mukta hokara amara pada prApta kara sakU~gI ?" nakArAtmaka uttara milane para usane bhI sampatti kA tyAga kara nivRtti aura zreya kA mArga grahaNa kiyaa| maMtra yI upaniSad-yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai| mainAka- menakA (menA, pArvatI kI mAtA) kA vaMzaja eka parvata, jo himAlaya kA putra kahA gayA hai| yaha taittirIya AraNyaka (1.32, 2) meM uddhRta hai| ise mainAga bhI par3hate haiN| purANoM ke anusAra indra ke vajra ke bhaya se mainA dakSiNa samudra meM nimagna hokara rahane lagA hai / mehara yaha vindhya pradeza kA eka zakti pIThasthAna hai| maihara -- / kA zuddharUpa 'mAtRgRha' (devI kA gRha ) hai | satanA sTezana se 22 mIla dakSiNa maihara hai| yahA~ eka pahAr3I para zAradA devI kA mandira hai / sthAnIya janazruti hai ki ye suprasiddha vIra AlhA kI ArAdhyadevI haiN| yaha siddha pITha mAnA jAtA hai / parvata para Upara taka jAne ke liye 560 sIr3hiyA~ banI haiN| prAcIna vizAla mandira ko yavana AkramaNakAriyoM ne tor3a diyA thaa| usake sthAna para eka choTA Adhunika mandira hai| eka prastara phalaka para prAcIna mandira kA sthApanA-abhilekha surakSita hai| isake anusAra eka vidvAn paNDita ne apane svargagata putra kI smRti meM zAradA mandira kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| mokSa - kisI prakAra ke bandhanoM se mukti yA chuttkaaraa| jIvAtmA ke liye saMsAra bandhana hai yaha karma ke phala svarUpa athavA Asakti se utpanna hotA hai| zubha aura azubha donoM prakAra ke karma bandhana utpanna karate haiM / ataH mokSa kA sAdhana karma nahIM hai| isakA upAya hai jJAna athavA vidyA (adhyAtma vidyA) / sAdhaka ko jaba satya kA jJAna ho jAtA hai ki usake aura vizvAtmA ke bIca abheda hai, vizvAtmA arthAt parabrahma hI eka mAtra sattA hai; saMsAra kalpita, mAyika aura mithyA hai; saMsAra meM sukhaduHkha janma-maraNa bhI kalpita aura mithyA hai, taba usake Upara karma-phala aura saMsAra kA prabhAva nahIM par3atA aura vaha inake bandhanoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / parantu yaha niSedhAtmaka sthiti na hokara vizuddha aura pUrNa Ananda ko sthiti hai| bhaktimArgI sampradAyoM meM bhakti dvArA prasanna bhagavAn ke prasAda se mukti athavA mokSa kI prApti

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mokSakAraNatAvAda ya svIkAra kI gayI hai jisameM nitya bhagavAn kI atyanta sannidhi prApta hotI hai / mokSakAraNatAvAda - anantAcAryakRta eka grantha kA nAma / mokSadharma - ( 1 ) mokSa prApti ke lie Avazyaka sAdhanA athavA dhArmika kRtyoM ko mokSadharma kahA jAtA hai| ( 2 ) mahAbhArata ke bArahaveM parva ( zAntiparva) ke antagaMta mokSadharma parvAcyAya hai| isake uttarArddha meM kRSNa kI zikSAe~ saMkalita haiM / isameM kucha aise sthala haiM jo atyutama evaM maulika haiM / mokSadharma ke samAna hI mahAbhArata ke pA~caveM 'udyogaparva' chaThe ( bhISmaparva ) evaM caudahaveM 'azvamedhaparva ke kucha upadezapUrNa aMza haiM, jo kramazaH sanatsujAtIya, bhagavadgItA aura anugItA kahalAte haiM / mokSadharma tathA ye tInoM apane svatantra rUpa meM pRthak grantha haiM / mokSadharma parvAdhyAya - de0 'mokSadharma' | mokSazAstra isake antargata vedoM kA jJAnakANDa aura upA sanAkANDa Ate haiN| samasta darzana tathA sampUrNa mokSa sAhitya, yogavAsiSTha Adi isI meM gine jAte haiM / vizeSa vivaraNArtha de0 'mahAvidyAe~' / mauna (1) mana kI ekAgratA ke lie eka dhArmika athavA yaugika sAdhanA, jisameM vacana kA saMyama kiyA jAtA hai| (2) muni ke vaMzaja mauna anovIna kA pitRbodhaka nAma, jisakA uddharaNa kauSItaki brAhmaNa (23.5) meM milatA hai| / mauna vrata - ( 1 ) zrAvaNa mAsa kI samApti ke bAda bhAdrapada pratipadA se solaha dinoM taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA cAhie to durvAMkuroM ko lekara unameM solaha granthiyA~ lagAkara dAhine hAtha meM (mahilAe~ bAyeM hAtha meM) rakhe / solahaveM dina jala lAne, gehU~ pIsane, naivedya taiyAra karane se lekara bhojana grahaNa karane taka mauna dhAraNa karanA caahie| zivapratimA ko jala, dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, madhu zarkarA se snAna karAkara pUjana karanA caahie| tadanantara puSpAdi arpaNa karanA cAhie tathA yaha prarthanA karanI cAhie "zivaH prasIdatu ma / isa AcaraNa se santAnopalabdhi hotI hai tathA sArI kAmanAe~ pUrI hotI haiM / (2) mauna vrata kA abhyAsa ATha chaH athavA tIna mAsa taka yA eka mAsa, AdhA mAsa athavA 12, 6, 3 dina taka yA eka hI dina taka kiyA jAya mauna kI zapatha lene se, 67 529 kahA jAtA hai ki sarva kAmanAe~ tathA saMkalpa pUre hote haiN| (maunaM sarvArthasAdhanam ) / mauna vrata dhAraNa karane vAle ko bhojana karate samaya bhI 'ham' jaisA zabda taka nahIM karanA caahie| use manasA, vAcA, karmaNA kisI bhI prakAra kI hiMsA na karanI caahie| vrata kI samApti ke uparAnta candana kA zivaliGga banavAkara gandhAkSatAdi se pUjana karanA caahie| tadanantara suvarNa kA ghaNTA tathA anyAnya dhAtuoM ke bane hue ghaNTe ghaNTiyA~ mandira meM sabhI dizAoM meM laTakA dene caahie| brAhmaNoM tathA zivabhaktoM ko isa avasara para svAdiSTha bhojana karAnA caahie| vratI ko kisI tAmrapAna meM zivaliGga rakhakara use sira para dhAraNa kara sar3akoM para hote hue zivamandira taka jAkara mandira kI pratimA ke dakSiNa pArzva meM liGga sthApita karake usakI punaH pUjA karanI caahie| isase vratI zivaloka prApta kara letA hai / mausala parva -- yaha mahAbhArata kA 16vA~ parva hai / isameM yaduvaMza kA nAza, arjuna dvArA yAdavazUnya dvArakA ko dekhakara dukhI honA, apane mAmA vasudeva kA satkArapUrvaka surApAna, sabhA meM yaduvaMzI vIroM kA Atyantika vinAza dekhanA, rAma aura kRSNAdi pradhAna pradhAna yaduvaMziyoM kA zarIrasaMskAra karake dvArakA se bAla, vRddha, vanitAoM ko lAte samaya rAha meM ghora vipatti meM par3a jAnA, gANDIva kA parAbhava tathA saba divyAstroM kI viphalatA, yAdava kulAGga nAoM kA apaharaNa, parAkrama kI anityatA dekha atyanta duHkhI ho yudhiSThira ke pAsa lauTanA evaM vyAsa ke vAkyAnusAra saMnyAsa lene kI 'abhilASA karanA mausala parva ke viSaya haiN| isameM 8 adhyAya evaM 320 zloka haiN| isa parva meM nirveda aura saMnyAsa ke uttama upadeza haiM / de0 'mahAbhArata' / ya ya-antaHstha varNoM kA prathama akSara kAmadhenutantra meM isakA svarUpa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : kAraM zRNu nAGga catuSkoNamayaM sadA / palAladhUmasaMkA svayaM paramakuNDalI | paJcaprANamayaM varNaM paJcadevamayaM sadA / vizaktisahitaM varNaM vivindusahitaM tathA // praNamAmi sadA varNaM mUrtimanmokSamavyayam //

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530 yakSa-yajurveda tantrazAstra meM isake aneka nAma batalAye gaye haiM : yo vANI vasudhA vAyuvikRtiH puruSottamaH / yugAntaH zvasanaH zIghro dhUmAciH prANisevakaH / / zaGkhAbhramo jaTI lIlA vAyuvegI yazaskarI / saGkarSaNaH kSamA bANo hRdayaM kapilA prabhA / / Agneya ApakastyAgo homo yAnaM prabhA makham / caNDaH sarvezvarI dhUmazcAmuNDA sumukhezvarI / / tvagAtmA malayo mAtA haMsinI bhRGginAyakaH / tenamaH zodhako mIno dhaniSThAnaGgavedinI / / meSTaH somaH paktinAmA pApahA prANasaMjJakaH / / yakSa-eka ardha devayoni / yakSa (napuMsakaliGga) kA ullekha Rgveda meM huA hai| usakA artha hai 'jAdU kI zakti ataeva sambhavataH yakSa kA artha jAdU kI zaktivAlA hogA aura nissandeha isakA artha yakSiNI hai / yakSoM kI prArambhika dhAraNA ThIka vahI thI jo pIche vidyAdharoM kI hii| yakSoM ko rAkSasoM ke nikaTa mAnA jAtA hai, yadyapi ve manuSyoM ke virodhA nahIM hote, jaise rAkSasa hote haiN| (anudAra yakSa evaM udAra rAkSasa ke udAharaNa bhI pAye jAte haiM, kintu yaha unakA sAdhAraNa dharma nahIM hai|) yakSa tathA rAkSasa donoM hI 'puNyajana' (atharvaveda meM kubera kI prajA kA nAma) kahalAte haiN| mAnA gayA hai ki prArambha meM do prakAra ke rAkSasa hote the; eka jo rakSA karate the ve yakSa kahalAye tathA dUsare yajJoM meM bAdhA upasthita karane vAle rAkSasa kahalAye / yakSoM ke rAjA kubera uttara ke dikpAla tathA svarga ke koSAdhyakSa kahalAte haiM / yakSakardama-eka prakAra kA aGgarAga, jo yakSoM ko atyanta priya thaa| isakA nirmANa pA~ca sugandhita dravyoM ke sammizraNa se hotA hai| dhArmika utsavoM aura devakAryoM meM isakA vizeSa upayoga hotA hai / isake ghaTaka dravya kesara, kastUrI, kapUra, kakkola aura agaru candana ke sAtha ghisakara milAye jAte haiM : kuMkumAguru kastUrI karpUraM candanaM tathA / mahAsugandhamityuktaM nAmato yakSakardamaH // yaca-eka kalpita bhUtayoni / saMbhavataH 'yakSa' kA hI yaha eka prAkRta rUpa hai / darada prAcIna Arya jAti hai jo gilagita ke irda-girda kazmIra evaM hindukuza ke madhya nivAsa karatI hai / yaha dAnavoM meM vizvAsa karatI hai tathA unheM 'yaca' kahatI hai / yaca bar3e AkAra ke hote hai, pratyeka ke eka hI A~kha lalATa ke madhya hotI hai| jaba ve mAnavaveza dhAraNa karate haiM to unheM unake ulaTe pairoM se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| ve kevala rAta ko hI calate haiM tathA pahAr3oM para rAjya karate hue manuSyoM ko khetI ko hAni pahu~cAte haiM / ve prAyaH manuSyoM ko apanI darAroM meM khIMca le jAte haiM / kintu logoM ke islAma dharma grahaNa karane se unhoMne una para se apanA svAmitva bhAva tyAga diyA hai tathA aba kabhI-kabhI hI manuSyoM ko parezAna karate haiN| ve sabhI krUra nahIM hote, vivAha ke avasara para ve manuSyoM se dhana udhAra lete hai tathA use dhIre-dhIre RNa denevAle kI ajJAta avasthA meM hI pUrA cukA dete haiM / aise avasara para ve manuSyoM para dayAbhAva rakhate haiN| inakI parachAI yadi manuSya para par3e to vaha pAgala ho jAtA hai| yajamAna-yajJa krnevaalaa| koI bhI vyakti, jo svayaM yajJa karatA hai, yajJa kA vyayabhAra vahana karatA hai athavA Rtvik yA purohita kI dakSiNA cakAtA hai, yajamAna kahalAtA hai| sAmAnya artha meM prazrayadAtA, Atitheya, kulapati athavA kisI bhI sampanna vyakti ko yajamAna kahate hai / yajuryotiSa-saMskAroM evaM yajJoM kI kriyAe~ nizcita muhatoM para nizcita samayoM aura nizcita avadhiyoM ke andara honI caahie| muhUrta, samaya evaM avadhi kA nirNaya karane ke lie eka mAtra jyotiSa zAstra kA avalamba hai / jyotivedAMga para ati prAcIna tIna pustakeM milatI hai-- RgjyotiSa, yajuryotiSa aura atharvajyotiSa / 'yajuryotiSa' inameM pazcAtkAlika racanA kahI jAtI hai / yajarveda-yaha dvitIya veda hai| isakI racanA RgvedIya RcAoM ke mizraNa se huI hai, kintu isameM mukhyataH naye gadya bhAga bhI haiN| isake aneka mantroM meM Rgveda se antara pAyA jAtA hai, jo paramparAgata grantha ke prArambhika antara athavA yajuH ke yajanaprayogoM ke kAraNa ho gayA hai| yaha paddhatigrantha hai jo paurohitya praNAlI meM yajJakriyA ko sampanna karane ke lie saMgRhIta huA thaa| paddhatigrantha hone ke kAraNa yaha adhyayana kA supracalita viSaya bana gayA / isakI aneka zAkhAoM meM se Ajakala do saMhitAe~ milatI haiM; prathama taittirIya tathA dvitIya vaajsneyii| inheM kRSNa evaM zukla yajurvedIya saMhitA bhI kahate haiN| taittirIya saMhitA adhika prAcIna hai / donoM meM sAmagrI prAyaH eka hai,

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yajuSa (s)-yajJa kintu krama meM antara hai / zukla yajurvedasaMhitA adhika kramabaddha isa samasyA kA anya adhika bodhagamya uttara yaha hai hai tathA isameM aise aMza hai jo kRSNa yajurveda meM nahIM hai| ki vAjasaneya yAjJavalkya kA pitR (guru)bodhaka nAma hai, kyoMki ve 'vAjasana' RSi ke vaMzaja the tathA taittirIya taittirIya saMhitA athavA kRSNa yajurveda 7 kANDoM, 44 tittira se banA hai jo yAska ke eka ziSya kA nAma hai / praznoM yA adhyAyoM, 651 anuvAkoM athavA prakaraNoM tathA vebara isa veda ke sabase bar3e Adhunika vidvAn mAne jAte haiN| 2198 kaNDikAoM (mantroM) me vibhakta hai| eka kaNDikA unakA mata hai ki kitanI bhI yaha kathA atarkapUrNa ho kintu meM niyamataH 55 zabda hote haiN| vAjasaneyI saMhitA 40 isake bhItara eka satya chipA huA hai; kRSNa yajurveda vibhinna adhyAyoM, 303 anuvAkoM evaM 1975 kaNDikAoM meM gadya-padya zailiyoM kA aparipakva evaM kramahIna grantha hai| vibhakta hai| golDasTUkara kA mata hai ki isakA aisA anagar3ha rUpa isa isa veda kA vibhAjana do saMhitAoM meM kyoMkara haA, kAraNa hai ki isameM mantra evaM brAhmaNa bhAga spaSTatA se isakA ThIka uttara jJAta nahIM hai| paravartI kAla meM isa alaga nahIM hai, jaisA ki anya vedoM meM hai| brAhmaNoM se nAma kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie eka kathA kA AviSkAra sambandhita stutiyA~ tathA sAmagrI yahA~ mantroM se mila-jala huA, jo viSNu tathA vAyu purANoM meM isa prakAra kahI ___ gayI hai / yaha doSa zukla yajurveda meM dUra ho gayA hai / gayI hai : yajuSas)-padyAtmaka RcAoM se bhinna gadyAtmaka vedmntr| isakA zAbdika artha hai yajJa, pUjA, zraddhA, Adara Adi / vedavyAsa ke ziSya vaizampAyana ne apane 27 ziSyoM ko| veda kA vaha bhAga, jisakA sambandha yajJa, pUjA Adi se yajurveda par3hAyA / ziSyoM meM sabase medhAvI yAjJavalkya hai yajupa (sa) kahalAtA hai| yajurveda kA yaha nAma isalie the| idhara vaizampAyana ke sAtha eka duHkhapUrNa ghaTanA ghaTI hai ki isake mantra yajJakriyAoM ke avasara para uccarita ki unakI bhaginI kI santAna unakI ghAtaka coTa se mara hote haiN| gayI / pazcAt unhoMne apane ziSyoM ko isake prAyazcitta yajJa-yajana, pUjana, saMmilita vicAra, vastuoM kA vitaraNa / ke lie yajJa karane ko bulAyA / yAjJavalkya ne una aku- badale ke kArya, Ahuti, bali, car3hAvA, arpa Adi ke artha zala brAhmaNoM kA sAtha dene se inkAra kara diyA tathA meM bhI yaha zabda vyavahRta hotA hai| yajurveda, brAhmaNa granthoM paraspara jhagar3A Arambha ho gyaa| guru ne yAjJavalkya ko aura zrautasUtroM meM yajJavidhi kA bahuta vistAra huA hai| jo vidyA sikhAyI thI, use lauTAne ko khaa| ziSya ne yajJa vaidika vidhAnoM meM pradhAna dhArmika kArya hai| yaha isa utanI hI zIghratA se yajuH grantha ko vamana kara diyA jise saMsAra tathA svarga donoM meM dRzya tathA adRzya para, cetana usane par3hA thA / vidyA ke kaNa bhUmi para kRSNa varNa ke rakta tathA acetana vastuoM para adhikAra pAne kA sAdhana hai| se sane hue gira par3e / dUsare ziSyoM ne tittira banakara usa jo isakA ThIka prayoga jAnate haiM tathA vidhivat isakA ugale hue grantha ko cuga liyaa| isa prakAra veda kA vaha sampAdana karate haiM, vAstava meM ve isa saMsAra ke svAmI haiN| bhAga jo isa prakAra grahaNa kiyA gayA, nAma se taittirIya tathA yajJa ko eka prakAra kA aisA yantra samajhanA cAhie jisake raMga se kRSNa ho gayA / yAjJavalkya khinna hokara lauTa gaye aura sabhI purje ThIka-ThIka sthAna para baiThe hoM; yA yaha aisI sUrya kI ghora tapasyA Arambha kI aura unase vaha yajuH grantha jaMjIra hai jisakI eka bhI kar3I kama na ho; yA yaha aisI prApta kiyA jo unake guru ko bhI ajJAta thaa| sUrya ne vAjI sIr3hI hai jisase svargArohaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai; yA yaha ( azva ) kA veza dhAraNa kara yAjJavalkya ko ukta grantha eka vyaktitva hai jisameM sAre mAnavIya guNa haiN| diyA thaa| ataeva veda ke isa bhAga ke purohita 'vAjin' yajJa sRSTi ke Adi se calA A rahA hai| sRSTi kI kahalAte haiM, jabaki saMhitA vAjasaneyI tathA zukla (zveta) utpatti yajJa kA phala kahI jAtI hai jise brahmA ne kiyA kahalAtI hai, kyoMki yaha sUrya ne dI thii| yAjJavalkya ne thaa| homAtmaka yajJa kA vistAra AhavanIya agni se yaha veda sUrya se prApta kiyA, isakA ullekha kAtyAyana ne hotA hai, jisameM yajJa kI sabhI sAmagrI chor3akara svarga bhejI bhI kiyA hai| jAtI hai-mAno yajJa eka nisenI kA nirmANa karatA hai,

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532 yajJamUrti-yatidharmasamuccaya jisake dvArA yajJa karane vAlA devoM taka yajJa kI sAmagrI athavA ajina (magacarma) / dhAgA athavA sUtra artha nahIM hai| pahu~cA sakatA hai tathA svayaM bhI unake nivAsoM taka pahu~ca ise yajJopavIta isalie kahate the ki yaha yajJa karane kI sakatA hai| yogyatA athavA adhikAra pradAna karatA thaa| yajJamati-eka advaitavAdI prauDha vidvAn, jo rAmAnuja ke (2) Age calakara isakA artha 'pavitra sUtra' ho gayA, samakAlIna hue haiN| kahA jAtA hai ki rAmAnuja svAmI kI jo 'yajJopavIta' ke pratIka athavA pratinidhi rUpa meM dhAraNa bar3hatI huI khyAti ko sunakara yajJamUrti zrIraGgam meM Aye / kiyA jAne lagA / upanayana saMskAra meM brahmacArI ko unake sAtha rAmAnuja kA 16 dinoM taka zAstrArtha hotA yaha pavitra sUtra prathama bAra dhAraNa karane ko diyA jAtA rahA, parantu koI eka dUsare ko harAtA huA nahIM dIkha hai| isa pavitra sUtra athavA yajJopavIta kA itanA mahattva pdd'aa| anta meM rAmAnuja ne 'mAyAvAdakhaNDana' kA adhyayana bar3hA ki pUrA upanayana saMskAra hI yajJopavIta kahalAne kiyA aura usakI sahAyatA se yajJamUrti ko parAsta kiyA / lgaa| yajJamUrti ne vaiSNava mata svIkAra kara liyaa| tabase unakA yajJopavIta trivRta (tIna lar3oM kA) hotA hai / brAhmaNa devarAja nAma pdd'aa| unake racita 'jJAnasAra' tathA 'prameyasAgara' nAmaka do grantha tamila bhASA meM milate haiN| bAlaka ke lie kapAsa kA, kSatriya ke lie kSauma (alasI sUtra kA) aura vaizya ke lie Una kA yajJopavIta honA yajJasaptamI-yadi grahaNa ke pazcAt Ane vAlI mAgha kI caahie| parantu sAmAnyataH kapAsa kA yajJopavIta sabhI saptamI ho tathA vizeSa rUpa se usa dina saMkrAnti ho to vratI ko kevala eka bAra haviSyAnna khAkara rahanA ke lie calatA hai| yaha bAyIM bhujA ke Upara se dAhinI bhujA ke nIce laTakatA hai| prathama bAra AcArya nimnaaNcaahie| use usa dina varuNa ko praNAma karanA cAhie kita mantra ke sAtha brahmacArI (upaneya) ko yajJopavIta pahatathA bhUmi para, darbhAsana para, baiThanA caahie| dvitIya divasa nAtA hai : prAtaH evaM sAyaM varuNa kA yajJa karanA caahie| isa vrata kA bar3A hI vizAla karmakANDa zAstroM meM varNita hai| yajJopavItaM paramaM pavitraM prajApateryatsahajaM purastAt / mAgha kI saptamI ko varuNadeva ko, phAlguna kI saptamI ko AyuSyamagrayaM pratimuJca zubhraM yajJopavItaM balamastu tejaH / / sUrya ko, caitra kI saptamI ko aMzumAlI (sUrya kA paryAya parvI ke avasara para athavA dhArmika kArya ke samaya bhI vAcI zabda) ko tathA anya mAsoM meM bhI isI prakAra sUrya nayA yajJopavIta dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai| taba isI mantra kA vAcaka nAmoM ko sambodhita karate hue yajJoM kA pauSa mAsa prayoga hotA hai| taka Ayojana karanA caahie| varSa ke anta meM sone kA yati-eka prAcIna kula kA nAma, jisakA sambandha bhRguoM ratha jisameM sAta ghor3e jute hoM tathA jisake madhya meM sUrya se Rgveda ke do paricchedoM meM batalAyA gayA hai (8.3.06. kI pratimA virAjamAna ho tathA jo bAraha mAsa ke 18) / yahA~ yati loga vAstavika vyakti jAna sUrya ke bAraha nAmoM kA pratinidhitva karane vAle bAraha par3ate haiM / dUsarI RcA meM (10.72.7) ve paurANika dIkha brAhmaNoM se ghirA ho, banavAkara unakA pUjana aura par3ate haiM / yajurveda saMhitA (tai0 saM0 2.4,9,2;6.2,7,5; sammAna karanA caahie| tadanantara vaha ratha eka gau sahita ___ kA0 saM0 8.5; 10.10 Adi) tathA anya sthAnoM meM yati AcArya ko pradAna karanA caahie| nirdhana vyakti tA~be kA eka jAti hai, jise indra ne kisI bure kSaNa meM sAlAvaka ratha bnvaaye| isa vrata se vratI vizAla sAmrAjya kA (lakar3abagdhoM) ko khilA diyA thaa| ThIka-ThIka isakA kyA rAjA hotA hai / hemAdri ke anusAra varuNa kA artha yahA~ artha hai, jJAta nahIM / yati kA ullekha bhRgu ke sAtha sAmaveda sUrya hai / __ meM bhI milatA hai| yajJopavIta-(1) yajJopavIta kA artha hai 'yajJa ke avasara yatidharmasamuccaya-vaiSNava saMnyAsI dasanAmI zaiva saMnyApara Upara se lapeTA (dhAraNa kiyA) huA vastra' / isakA sioM se bhinna hote haiN| vaiSNavoM meM brAhmaNa hI liye sarvaprathama ullekha taittirIya brAhmaNa (3. 10.9.12) meM jAte haiM jo tridaNDa dhAraNa karate haiM, jabaki dasanAmI ekahuA hai| yahA~ spaSTa hI isakA artha hai vAsaH (vastra) daNDI hote haiN| donoM sampradAyoM ko tridaNDI evaM eka

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yatIndramatadIpikA-yama 533 daNDI ke antara se pahacAnate haiM / rAmAnuja ke ziSya yAdava- yantra-(1) nRsiMhapUrvatApanIyopaniSad ke dvitIya khaNDa meM prakAza ne vidaNDiyoM ke kartavya para eka grantha racA hai eka yantra banAne kA nirdeza hai, jo nRsiMha ke mantrarAja jisakA nAma yatidharmasamuccaya hai / tathA tIna aura vaiSNava mantroM se banatA hai / isa yantra ko yatIndramatadIpikA----zrIvaiSNava mata kA siddhAntabodhaka gale, bhujA yA zikhA meM pahanate haiM, jisase zakti milatI hai| eka upayogI saMkSiptasAra grantha / isameM anekoM aise (2) zAktoM ke dvArA vibhinna devatAoM ke rahasyAtmaka siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana haA hai jo AgamasaMhitAoM meM yantroM kI racanA, pUjAvidhi aura prayoga karanA paryApta nahIM prApta hote / isake racayitA zrInivAsa tathA racanA pracalita haiM / ye yantra evaM maNDala kisI dhAtupatra, bhojakAla 1657 I0 ke lagabhaga hai| patra yA mRttikAvedI para banate haiN| sAtha hI una para yadu--(1) yadU ke vaMza kA bhAgavatadharma se ghaniSTha sambandha hai| anekAneka mudrAe~ athavA akSaranyAsa nirmita kiye jAte bhAgavata sampradAya kA eka nAma sAtvata sampradAya mI hai| haiM, phira unameM devatA kA AvAhana evaM pUjana mukhya mantra ke sAtvata nAma par3ane kA kAraNa hai isakA yaduvaMza se dvArA hotA hai| sambandhita honaa| sarvaprathama isa dharma kA pracAra yaduoM yama-yama ke pUrvajoM evaM sambandhiyoM kA jJAna anizcita meM hI huaa| kUrmapurANa meM kathA hai ki yaduvaMza ke eka hai| eka varNana ke anusAra ( R0 10.17.1-2) yama prAcIna rAjA satvat ne, jo aMzu kA putra thA, isa sampradAya evaM unakI bahina yamI vivasvAn evaM saraNyu kI santAna kI vizeSa unnati kI / isake putra sAtvata ne nArada se haiM / vivasvAn spaSTataH prakAza kA devatA hai, cAhe use bhAgavata dharma kA upadeza grahaNa kiyaa| isI yaduvaMzI udIyamAna sUrya mAne, prabhApUrNa AkAza mAne yA kevala bhAgavatadharmapracAraka ke nAma para isa sampradAya kA nAma sUrya mAneM; antara sAmAnya par3atA hai / saraNyu ko sUryA sAtvata pdd'aa| athavA uSA mAna sakate haiN| vivasvAn evaM saraNyu kama(2) samAja kI AvazyakatAnusAra adhikAMza brAhmaNa aura se-kama do yugaloM ke mAtA-pitA avazya haiM / ve haiM yamakSatriya apane-apane kArya chor3akara vaizyoM ke gArhasthya dharma kA yamI tathA do azvinau / pAlana karane lage the| isa prakAra ke karmasAkarya ke udAharaNa __ yama tathA yamI ko candramA evaM uSA ke rUpa meM mAnA yadu the| ye kSatriya yayAti ke putra the, kintu rAjyAdhikAra gayA hai, kyoMki donoM hI dina va rAta ke guNoM meM sammilita na milane se pazupAlana Adi karane lge| nanda Adi haiM evaM donoM kI premakathA eka vivAha meM samApta hotI yAdava aise hI gopAla the| hai ( R0 10.85.8-9) / isa AkAzIya, mAnavIkRta (3) rAjA yayAti ne choTe putra puru ko rAjyAdhikArI premavyApAra ko hama uSaHkAlIna, pIle va halake par3ane banAte hue apanI AjJA na mAnane ke kAraNa yadu Adi cAra vAle candramA meM, jo anta meM uSA meM vilIna ho jAtA putroM ko rAjyabhraSTa hone kA zApa diyA thaa| vizvAsa hai, dekha sakate haiN| kiyA jAtA hai, yadu Adi rAjakumAra nirvAsita hokara Adhunika dajalA-pharAta ghATI ke deza pazcimeziyA cale eka anya paurANika kathA ke anusAra yama tathA yamI gaye / AryAvarta se bAhara usa deza meM inhoMne apanA-apanA jalagandharva evaM jala-apsarA kI santAna haiN| rAjyatantra sthApita kiyaa| vartamAna jArDana nadI aura bhArata-IrAnI kAla se hI mAnA yama vivasvAn kA putra jUDAI sAmrAjya yaduvaMzI rAjyatantra kA hI pazcAdvartI jAtA hai, kyoMki yaha yima, vIvanhvanta (pArasI deva) ke avaziSTa smAraka pratIta hotA hai| prabhAsapaTTana aura putra ke tulya hai| yama tathA yamI 'yima' evaM 'yimeha' se dvArakA bandaragAhoM ke mArga se yAdavoM kA AvAgamana milate-julate haiN| yamI eka RgvedIya mantra (10.10) se vartamAna AryAvarta meM hotA rahatA thaa| usa deza meM kI sambandhita hai tathA 'yimeha' laghu avestA (pArasI dharmagrantha) jA rahI purAtAttvika khojoM se isa tathya para aura adhika ke eka kathana 'bundahisa' se / yama vaivasvata (R0 10.prakAza par3ane kI sambhAvanA hai| 14,1) kA eka anya rUpa manu vaivasvata (4.1) ke rUpa meM

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534 prApta hotA hai / nissandeha donoM kA janma do paurANika kacAoM se hotA hai| ve hameM manuSya ke jIvana ke Adiva bhaviSya kA paricaya dete haiN| RgvedIya dhAraNAnusAra manuSyajAti ke zIrSasthAna para Adi puruSa manu / jo prathama yajJa karane vAle the (R0 10.63.7) haiM, yA yama haiM jo pRthvI se svarga taka ke patha kA anusandhAna kara cuke the (R0 10 14.1 -2) / yama evaM yamI ko mAnavajAti kA mAtA-pitA mAna sakate haiM / bhAIbahina kA RRgvedIya kathanopakathana ( 10.10 ) isa prakAra ke sambandha kI naitikatA para prakAza DAlatA hai / yamI isa bAta para jora detI hai ki yama hI eka mAtra puruSa hai aura vizva ko basAne ke prayojanArtha mAnavasantAnoM kI AvazyakatA hai| dUsarI ora yama bhAI-bahina ke saMyoga para naitika Apatti upasthita karatA hai / jAna par3atA hai ki yama evaM yamI prArambhika avasthA meM prAkRtika upAdAnoM ke mAnavIkaraNa ke rUpa the, yathA candra tathA uSA evaM AkAza tathA pRthvI / yama ke do sandezavAhaka kutte haiM jo 'saramA' ke putra hone ke kAraNa sArameya kahalAte haiN| unakA varNana (0 10.14.10-12) bAra AMkhoM, caur3I nAka, bhUre raMga vAle rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai / ye pRthvI se svarga ke patha kI rakSA karate haiM, mRtyu ke pAtroM ko cunate haiM tathA svargIya yAtrA meM unakI dekha-bhAla karate haiM / paurANika yama mRtyu ke devatA hai, jinakA mahiSa (bhaisA) vAhana hai / unake do rUpa haiM: yamarAja aura dharmarAja / yamarAja rUpa se ve duSTa manuSyoM ko daNDa dekara narakAdi meM bhejate haiM, dharmarAja ke rUpa meM dharmAtmA manuSya ko svargAdi meM bhejakara puraskRta karate haiN| yamacaturthI - zani ke dina caturthI ho aura bharaNI nakSatra ho to yama kA pUjana honA caahie| yama bharaNI nakSatra kA svAmI hai / isa vrata se sAta janmoM ke pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM / yamadIpadAna kArtika kRSNa caturdazI ko sAyaMkAla gRha ke bAhara dIpoM kI paMkti prajvalita kI jAnI caahie| isase durghaTanA janya ( akAla ) mRtyu ruka jAtI hai / yamadvitIyA bhaviSyottara purANa ke anusAra kArtika zukla dvitIyA ko yamarAja ke prItparya yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai| bahineM isako apane bhAiyoM kI mRtyu ke devatA se rakSAprApti ke lie karatI haiM / isa tyauhAra dina bahinoM ke ke -- ----- yamadIpadAna-yamunA ghara jAkara bhojana karane, unase TIkA lagavAne evaM unheM upahAra dene kA pracAra lagabhaga sampUrNa bhArata meM hai / ise 'bhaiyAdUja' yA 'bhrAtRdvitIyA' bhI kahate haiM / yamadvitIyA ke dina yama kI bahina aura sUryaputrI yamunA meM snAna karane kA vidhAna hai| isase yamarAja prasanna hote haiN| isa parva para mathurA me yamunAsnAna karane kA bhArI melA hotA hai / yamala - yamala kA artha hai jor3A / yugma devatA tathA unakI zakti kI ekatA ( yauna saMyoga ) isase sUcita hotI hai / yamala zabda se hI 'vAmala' banA hai, jo ziva-pArvatI jaise yugma devatAoM ke saMvAda rUpa meM viracita grantha hai / yamAdarzanatrayodazI mArgazIrSa mAsa kI trayodazI ko saptAha ke punIta dinoM meM ( ravivAra aura maMgalavAra chor3akara ) madhyAhna se pUrva hI teraha brAhmaNoM ko nimaMtrita karanA caahie| unheM tila kA tela zarIra mardana ke lie tathA garma jala snAna ke lie diyA jAya, tadanantara unheM atyanta svAdiSTha bhojana karAyA jAya aura yaha kArya eka varSa taka prati mAsa ho to isa AcaraNa se vratI ko kabhI bhI yamarAja kA mukha nahIM dekhanA par3egA / yamunA - eka prasiddha aura pavitra nadI yaha yamunA ( yugma meM se eka ) isalie kahI jAtI hai ki yaha gaGgA ke samAnAntara bahatI hai / isakA ullekha Rgveda meM tIna bAra huA hai| RgvedAnusAra (7.18.19) tritsu evaM sudAsa ne zatruoM ke Upara yamunAtaTa para mahAn vijaya prApta kI thii| haoNpakinsa kA yaha mata ki yahA~ yamunA paruSNIkA anya nAma hai, agrAhya hai, kyoMki trimuoM kA rAjya yamunA va sarasvatI ke bIca meM sthita thA / atharvaveda ( 4.9.10) meM yamunA ke ana kA ullekha trikakuda (ka kuda ) ke sAtha huA hai / aitareya brAhmaNa tathA zatapatha brA0 ke anusAra bharatoM kI khyAti yamunA taTa kI vijaya se huI / anya brAhmaNa bhI yamunA ko uddhRta karate haiM / mantrapATha (2.11.12) meM sAtya loga isake taTa para nivAsa karane vAle kahe gaye hai| purANoM ke anusAra yama (sUrya) kI putrI hone ke kAraNa yaha nadI yamunA kahalAtI hai bhArata kI sATha pavitra nadiyoM meM isakI gaNanA hai --- gaGge ca yamune caiva godAvari sarasvati / kAveri narmade sindhojale'sminsannidhi kuru //

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yamunAsnAnatarpaNa-yAjJiko bhAgavata purANa meM varNita kRSNa ke samparka ke kAraNa yAjJavalkya Azrama-bihAra pradeza ke darabhaMgA-sItAmar3hI mArga isakA mahattva bahuta bar3ha gayA hai, jisa prakAra rAma ke ke bIca ramaula grAma par3atA hai| yahA~ zivamandira hai, isI samparka se sarayU nadI kA / ke pAsa gautamakuNDa aura vaTavRkSoM kA vana hai| yahA~ para yamunAsnAnatarpaNa-isa vrata ke anusAra yamunAjala meM khar3e maharSi yAjJavalkya kA Azrama batalAyA jAtA hai| hokara yamarAja ke bhinna-bhinna nAmoM ke sAtha tilamizrita jala yAjJavalkyadharmazAstra-dharmazAstra (vidhi) meM mAnavadharmakI tIna-tIna aJjaliyoM se unakA tarpaNa karanA caahie| zAstra ( manusmati ) ke pazcAt dUsarA sthAna yAjJavalkyayAga-(1) devatA ko sAmagrI arpaNa karanA, arthAt yajJakarma / dharmazAstra kA hai| isakA dUsarA nAma hai yAjJavalkyasmati / isameM agni, jala, devamUrti, atithi athavA antarAtmA ko de0 'yAjJavalkyasmati' / upahAra car3hAyA jAtA hai / brAhmaNa granthoM meM kaI prakAra ke yAjJavalkyasmRti-mAnava dharmazAstra (manusmRti) anya sabhI agnisAdhya yAgoM kA varNana hai| (2) isI prakAra vaiSNava smRtiyoM kA AdhAra hai| isake bAda dUsarA sthAna yAjJaupAsaka kisI prathama guru kA cunAva kara usase dIkSA letA valkyasmRti kA hai / isa smRti meM tIna adhyAya haiM; AcAra, hai| dIkSAntargata pA~ca kRtya haiM : (1) tApa ( sAmpradAyika vyavahAra aura prAyazcitta / inameM nimnAMkita viSaya haiM: cihna kA zarIra para aGkana ) (2) puNDra ( sAmpradAyika cihna ko lalATa Adi para candana se banAnA ) (3) nAma (1) AcArAdhyAya-varNAzramaprakaraNa, snAtaka * vrata ( apanA sAmpradAyika nAma grahaNa karanA ) (4) mantra prakaraNa, bhakSyAbhakSya prakaraNa, dravyazuddhi prakaraNa, dAna ( ArAdhya deva kA mantra grahaNa karanA ) evaM (5) yAga / prakaraNa / ( devatA kI pUjA ) / (2) vyavahArAdhyAya-pratibhU prakaraNa, RNAdAna prakayAjJavalkya-(1) yajurveda ke zAkhApravartaka RSi / inakA raNa, nikSepAdi prakaraNa, sAkSiprakaraNa, lekhyaprakaraNa, divya ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa meM yajJoM ke prazna para eka prakaraNa, dAyabhAga, sImAvivAda, svAmipAla vivAda, mahAn adhikArI vidvAna ke rUpa meM milatA hai| bahadA asvAmivikraya, dattApradAnika, krItAnuzaya, saMvidvyatikrama, raNyaka upaniSad meM inheM darzana kA adhikArI vidvAna vetanAdAna, dyUtasamAhvaya, vAkpAruSya, daNDapAruSya, sAhasa, mAnA gayA hai / ye uddAlaka AruNi ke ziSya the jinheM eka vikrIyAsampradAna, sambhUya samutthAna, steya evaM strIsaMgraha vivAda meM inhoMne harA diyA thaa| bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad prakaraNa / meM inakI do patniyA~-maitreyI tathA kAtyAyanI kA ullekha hai| (3) prAyazcittAdhyAya-azauca, Apatkarma, vAnaprastha, sAtha ho yahA~ yAjJavalkyakRta vAjasaneyI zAkhA ( zukla yati, adhyAtma, brahmahatyA prAyazcitta, surApAna prAyazcitta, yajarveda ) kA bhI ullekha hai| Azcarya kI bAta hai ki suvarNasteya prAyazcitta, strIvadha prAyazcitta evaM rahasyayAjJavalkya zatapatha brAhmaNa tathA zAGkhAyana AraNyaka ko prAyazcitta prakaraNa / chor3akara kisI bhI vaidika grantha meM ullikhita nahIM haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki ye videha ke rahane vAle the, parantu janaka yAjJavalkyasmRti para kaI bhASya aura TIkAe~ likhI kI sabhA meM inakI upasthiti hote hue bhI uddAlaka se gayI haiM, jinameM 'mitAkSarA' sabase prasiddha hai| hindU vidhi meM mitAkSarA kA siddhAnta baMgAla ko chor3asambandha (jo kuru-pazcAla ke the ) hone ke kAraNa inakA kara samagra deza meM mAnA jAtA rahA hai| baMgAla meM 'dAyavidehavAsI honA saMdehAtmaka lagatA hai| bhAga' mAnya rahA hai| (2) smRtikAra ke rUpa meM bhI yAjJavalkya prasiddha haiN| inake nAma se prakhyAta 'yAjJavalkyasmRti' dharmazAstra kA yAjJiko-taittirIya AraNyaka kA dasavA~ prapAThaka yAjJikI eka prAmANika grantha hai| spaSTataH yaha paravartI grantha hai| yA nArAyaNIyopaniSad ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| sAyaNAisakA vikAsa yAjJavalkya ke dharmazAstrIya sampradAya meM huaa| cArya ne yAjJikI upaniSad para bhASya racA hai aura vijJAnyAyavyavasthA evaM uttarAdhikAra ke sambandha meM hindU nAtmA ne isa para svataMtra vRtti aura 'vedavibhUSaNa' nAma vidhi ke antargata isa smRti kA mukhya sthAna hai| kI alaga vyAkhyA likhI hai|

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yAtudhAna-yAmunAcArya yAjJikI athavA nArAyaNIya upaniSad meM mUrtimAn brahmatattva kA vivaraNa hai| zaGkarAcArya ne isakA bhASya likhA hai| yAtudhAna-manuSyetara upadravI yoniyoM meM rAkSasa mukhya haiM, inameM yAtu ( mAyA, chala-chadma ) adhika thA isalie inako yAtudhAna kahate the / Rgveda meM inheM yajJoM meM bAdhA DAlane vAlA tathA pavitrAtmAoM ko kaSTa pahu~cAne vAlA kahA gayA hai / inake pAsa prabhUta zakti hotI hai evaM rAta ko jaba ye ghUmate haiM (rAtriJcara ) to apane kravya ( zikAra ) ko khAte haiM, bar3e hI ghRNita AkAra ke hote haiM tathA nAnA rUpa grahaNa karane kI sAmarthya rakhate haiN| Rgveda meM rakSas evaM yAtudhAna meM antara kiyA gayA hai, kintu paravartI sAhitya meM donoM paryAya haiM / ye donoM prArambhika avasthA meM yakSoM ke samakakSa the| kintu rAmAyaNa-mahAbhArata kI racanA ke pazcAt rAkSasa adhika prasiddha hue| rAkSasoM kA rAjA rAvaNa rAma kA prabala zatru thaa| mahAbhArata meM bhIma kA putra ghaTotkaca rAkSasa hai, jo pANDavoM kI ora se yuddha karatA hai| vibhISaNa, rAvaNa kA bhAI tathA bhImaputra ghaTo- tkaca bhale rAkSasoM ke udAharaNa haiM, jo yaha siddha karate haiM ki asuroM kI taraha hI rAkSasa bhI sarvathA bhaya kI vastu nahIM hote the| yAtrA ( rathayAtrA yA rathotsava )-prAcIna kAla se hI devatAoM kI yAtrAe~ bar3I prasiddha hai| kAlapriya nAtha kI yAtrA ke avasara para bhavabhUti kA prasiddha nATaka 'mahAvIracarita' maJca para khelA gayA thaa| 'yAtrAtattva' nAmaka graMtha raghunandana dvArA baMgAla meM racA gayA thaa| isa grantha meM viSNu ( jagannAthajI) sambandhI bAraha utsava varNita haiN| murAri kavi dvArA racita 'anargharAghava' nATaka puruSottamayAtrA ke samaya hI raMgamaMca para khelA gayA thaa| devayAtrAvidhi ke lie de0 kRtyakalpataru, pR0 178-81 (brahmapurANa se)| yAdavagirimAhAtmya-nArada purANa meM uddhRta yaha aMza dattAtreya sampradAya ( mAnabhAu sampradAya ) kA varNana karatA hai| yAdavaprakAza-rAmAnuja svAmI ke prArambhika dArzanika zikSAguru / yAdavaprakAza zaGkara ke advaitamata ko mAnane vAle the aura rAmAnuja viziSTAdvaita ko / ataeva guru-ziSya meM aneka bAra vivAda huA karatA thaa| anta meM rAmAnuja ne guru para vijaya prApta kI aura unheM vaiSNava matAvalambI banA liyA / inakA likhA huA vedAntasUtra kA yAdavabhASya aba durlabha hai| dhIvaiSNava sampradAya ke saMnyAsiyoM para inakA anya grantha yatidharmasamuccaya hai / inakA anya nAma govinda jiya bhI thaa| sthitikAla 11vIM zatAbdI thaa| ye kAMcI nagarI ke rahane vAle the| yAna-(1) sAdhaka ke paraloka prayANa ke do mArga yA prakAra / upaniSadoM aura gItA (8,23-28) meM inakA vivecana bhalI prakAra huA hai| (2) bauddha upAsakoM meM tIna sAdhanAmArga pracalita haiM : hInayAna, mahAyAna aura vajrayAna / mahAyAna ke zreSTha tantra 'tathAgataguhyaka' se patA lagatA hai ki rudrayAmala meM jise vAmAcAra yA kaulAcAra kahA gayA hai, vahI mahAyAniyoM kA anuSTheya AcAra hai| isI sampradAya se kAlacakrayAna yA kAlottara mahAyAna tathA vajrayAna kI utpatti hii| nepAla ke sabhI zAkta bauddha vajrayAna sampradAya ke anuyAyI haiM / yAmala-tantra zAstra tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai : Agama, yAmala aura mukhya / jisameM sRSTitattva, jyotiSa, nityakRtyakrama, sUtra, varNa bheda aura yugadharma kA varNana ho use yAmala kahate haiN| vAstava meM yAmala zabda yamala se banA hai jisakA artha 'jor3A' hotA hai ( arthAt devatA tathA usakI zakti kA paraspara rhsysNvaad)| yAmalatantra ATha haiM, jo brahmA, viSNu, rudra, lakSmI, umA, skanda, gaNeza tathA grahaparaka haiN| yAmunAcArya-zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke eka pradhAna AcArya nAthamuni the (965 vi0 ) / unake putra Izvaramuni tathA inake putra yAmunAcArya the| Izvaramuni kI mRtyu bahuta hI alpAvasthA meM ho gyii| yAmunAcArya taba dasa varSa ke bAlaka the| inakA jansa 1010 vi0 meM vIranArAyaNapura yA madurA meM huA thaa| ye apane guru zrImadbhASyAcArya se zikSA lene tathA 12 varSa kI avasthA meM hI svabhAva kI madhuratA evaM buddhi kI prakharatA ke bala para pAMDaya rAjya ke prabhAvazAlI vyakti mAna liye gye| nAthamuni putra ke mRtyuzoka se saMnyAsI ho raGganAtha ke mandira meM rahane lage the / phira bhI ve apane pautra kA hitacintana karate rahate the| mRtyu ke samaya unhoMne apane ziSya rAmamizra se kahA

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yAmunAcArya-yAska 537 'dekhanA, kahIM yAmunAcArya viSayabhoga meM phaMsakara apane hai, satyasaGkalpa evaM asIma sukhasAgara hai| Izvara pUrNa kartavya ko na bhUla jAya / isakA bhAra maiM tumhAre Upara hai, jIva aNu hai / jIva aMza hai, Izvara aMzI hai| mukta chor3atA huuN|' jIva IzvarabhAva ko prApta nahIM hotaa| jagat brahma kA inhIM rAmamizra kI zikSA se prabhAvita hokara yAmunA pariNAma hai / brahma hI jagat ke rUpa meM pariNata huA hai| cArya raGganAtha ke sevaka ho gaye / unhoMne apane dAdA kA jagat brahma kA zarIra hai, brahma jagat kA AtmA hai / AtmA chor3A huA saccA dhana prApta kara liyA, pazcAt apanA aura zarIra abhinna haiM / ataeva jagat brahmAtmaka hai / zeSa jIvana bhagavatsevA tathA granthapraNayana meM bitaayaa| yAska-vaidika saMjJAoM ke vyutpattiracayitA yA prasiddha unhoMne saMskRta meM cAra grantha likhe haiM-stotraratna, siddhi- niruktakAra / vaidika zabdoM ke parijJAna ke lie inakA traya, AgamaprAmANya aura giitaarthsNgrh| inameM sabase nirukta bahuta upayogI hai / inakA jIvanakAla dasavIM zatI pradhAna siddhitraya hai / yaha gadya aura padya meM likhA gayA I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga thA / nirukta tIsarA vedAGga mAnA hai| unhoMne apane granthoM meM viziSTAdvaitavAda kA pratipAdana jAtA hai / yAska ne pahale 'nighaNTu' nAmaka vaidika zabdakiyA hai| koza taiyAra kiyA thA, nirukta eka prakAra se usI kI yAmunAcArya rAmAnuja svAmI ke parama guru the / yAmunA TIkA hai / isase vaidika zabdoM kA vyutpattiparaka artha prakaTa cArya kA rAmAnujAcArya para bar3A prema thaa| unhoMne hotA hai / nighaNTu aura nirukta meM itanA adhika viSaya sAmya hai ki sAyaNAcArya ne apane RgvedabhASya kI bhUmimRtyukAla meM rAmAnuja kA smaraNa kiyA, parantu unake kA meM nighaNTu ko bhI nirukta kahA hai / nirukta adhyayana pahu~cane ke pUrva hI ve nityadhAma ko pahu~ca gaye / karane ke lie vaiyAkaraNa honA Avazyaka hai / vyAkaraNa siddhAnta : viziSTAdvaita' zabda do zabdoM ke milane se zAstra kI dRSTi se nirukta kA bar3A mahattva hai / nirukta ke banA hai-viziSTa aura advaita / viziSTa kA tAtparya hai apane viSaya nimnAMkita haiMcetana aura acetanaviziSTa brahma, aura advaita kA matalaba varNAgamo varNaviparyayazca dvau cAparau varNavikAranAzau / hai abheda yA ekatva / ataeva cetanAcetana vibhAga viziSTa dhAtostathArthAtizayena yogastaducyate paJcavidhaM niruktam / / brahma ke abheda yA ekatva ke nirUpaNa karane vAle siddhAnta nirukta meM tIna kANDa haiM-(1) naghaNTuka ( 2) kA nAma viziSTAdvaitavAda hai| yAmunAcArya ne inhIM naigama aura ( 3 ) daivata / isameM pariziSTa milAkara kula siddhAntoM kI sthApanA apane granthoM meM kI hai| caudaha adhyAya haiM / yAska ne zabdoM ko dhAtuja mAnA hai zAGkara matAnuyAyI surezvarAcArya ke vicAra se jJAna sva aura dhAtuoM se vyutpatti karake unakA artha nikAlA hai| prakAza hai, akhaNDa hai, kUTastha hai, nitya hai, jJAna hI AtmA yAska ne veda ko brahma kahA hai aura usako itihAsa, hai, jJAna hI paramAtmA hai, jJAna niSkriya hai, jJAna meM bheda RcAoM aura gAthAoM kA samuccaya mAnA hai ( tatra nahIM hai, jJAna ApekSika nahIM hai / yAmunAcArya isa mata ko brahmetihAsamizraM RmithaM gAthAmithaM ca bhavati ) / jaba avaidika mAnate haiN| unake mata meM jJAna AtmA kA dharma yAska ne apanA nirukta racA usa samaya taka aneka vaidika hai / zAvara mata meM AtmA jJAnasvarUpa hai parantu yAmunA zabdoM ke artha aspaSTa aura ajJAta ho cuke the / apane eka cArya ke mata meM AtmA jJAtA hai| jJAtRtva zakti AtmA pUrvavartI niruktakAra ke mata kA ullekha karate hue unhoMne kI hai, jJAna sakriya hai, zaGkara ke mata meM jJAna niSkriya likhA hai, "vaidika RcAe~ aspaSTa, arthahIna aura paraspara hai / yAmuna ke mata meM jJAna savizeSa hai, zAGkara mata meM virodhAbhAsa vAlI haiN|" isase yAska sahamata nahIM the| nirvizeSa hai / yAmuna ke mata meM jJAna ApekSika hai, zAGkara inake pUrva satraha niruktakAra ho cuke the / yAskakRta nirukta mata meM jJAna svaprakAza hai| ke prasiddha TIkAkAra durgAcArya hue / apane TIkAgrantha para __ yAmuna ke mata meM zruti hI Atmapratipatti kA pramANa unhoMne eka niruktavAtika bhI likhA jo aba upalabdha hai| Izvara puruSottama hai tathA jIva se zreSTha hai / jIva nahIM hai| dargAcArya ke atirikta barbarasvAmI, skanda kRpaNa hai aura duHkha-zoka meM DUbA rahatA hai; Izvara sarvajJa mahezvara aura vararuci ne bhI nirukta para TIkAe~ likhI hai| 68

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538 yugAdivrata satyayuga, tretAyuga, dvAparayuga tathA kaliyuga kA prArambha kramazaH vaizAkha zukla 3 kArtika zukla 9, bhAdra kRSNa 13 tathA mAgha kI amAvasyA ko huA thA / ina dinoM meM upavAsa, dAna, tapa, japa tathA homAdi kA Ayojana karane se sAdhAraNa dinoM se karor3oM gunA puNya hotA hai| vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ko nArAyaNa tathA lakSmI kA pUjana aura lavaNadhenu kA dAna, kArtika zukla navamI ko ziva tathA umA kA pUjana aura tiladhenu kA dAna, bhAdra kRSNa trayodazI ko pitRgaNa kA sammAna, mAgha kI amAvasyA ko gAyatrIsahita brahmAjI kA pUjana aura navanItadhenu ke dAna karane kA vidhAna hai| ina kRtyoM se kAyika, vAcika, mAnasika sabhI prakAra ke pApoM kA kSaya ho jAtA hai / yugAntazrAddha - cAroM yuga kramazaH nimnokta dinoM meM samApta hote haiM--siMha saMkrAnti para satyayuga, vRzcika saMkrAnti para tretA, vRSa saMkrAnti para dvApara tathA kumbha kI saMkrAnti para kaliyuga samApta hotA hai ina saMkrAntiyoM ke Arambhika dinoM meM pitRgaNoM kI prasannatA ke lie zrAddha karanA caahie| --- yugAvatAravrata bhAdra kRSNa prayodazI ko dvApara yuga kA Arambha huA thA / usa dina zarIra meM gomUtra, gomaya durvA tathA mRttikA malakara nadI athavA sarovara ke gahare jala meM snAna karanA caahie| isa AcaraNa se gayA meM kiye gaye zrAddha kA puNya prApta hogA / sAtha hI bhagavAn viSNu kI pratimA ko ghI, dUdha tathA zuddha jala se snAna karAnA cAhie isa kRtya se viSNuloka prApta hotA hai / yudhiSThira mahAbhArata ke nAyakoM meM samujjvala caritra vAle jyeSTha paannddv| ve satyavAditA evaM dhArmika AcaraNa ke lie vikhyAta hai| anekAneka dharma sambandhI prazna evaM unake uttara yudhiSThira ke mukha se mahAbhArata meM kahalAye gaye haiM / zAntiparva meM sampUrNa samAjanIti, rAjanIti tathA dharmanIti yudhiSThara aura bhISma ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM prastuta kI gayI hai / yUpa-yajJa kA stambha, jisameM balipazu bA~dhA jAtA thA / Age calakara sabhI prakAra ke yajJastambhoM aura svatantra dhArmika stambhoM ke artha meM bhI isa zabda kA prayoga hone lagA / yUpArohaNa - vAjapeya yajJa somayajJoM ke antargata hai / isameM rathadaur3a kI mukhya kriyA hotI thii| isakI eka kriyA yUpArohaNa arthAt yajJayUpa para car3hanA bhI hai / isameM gehUM ke ATe se bane hue cakra ko, jo sUrya kA pratIka mAnA jAtA - yugAdiprayoga (darzana) hai, dhUpa ke sire para rakhate haiN| yajJa karane vAlA sIr3hI kI sahAyatA se isa para upa para car3hakara cakra ko pakar3ate hue mantroccAraNa karatA hai - 'he devI, hama sUrya para pahu~ca gaye haiN| bhUmi para utarakara vaha lakar3I ke sihAsana para baiThatA aura abhiSicita kiyA jAtA hai| yoga ( darzana ) - dhArmika sAdhanA kA prasiddha mArga / yaha dArzanika sampradAya ke rUpa meM vikasita huA aura isa darzana ke racayitA pataMjali ye dIrgha kAla taka mahAbhASyakAra pataMjali (dUsarI zatAbdI I0 pU0 ) ko yogasUtra kA praNetA samajhA jAtA rahA hai, isI kAraNa yUropIya vidvAnoM ne isa grantha ko sabhI darzanoM ke sUtroM se prAcIna mAna liyA thA / kintu sUtroM meM mahAbhArata evaM yoga sambandhI upaniSadoM ke bhI vicAroM kA vikasita rUpa pAye jAne ke kAraNa tathA isake antargata bauddha vijJAnavAda kI AlocanA hone ke kAraNa yaha mAna liyA gayA hai ki isake racayitA anya koI pataJjali haiM evaM unakI tithi IsavI caudhI zatAbdI se pUrva kI nahIM ho sakatI / gambhavataH sAMkhyakArikA kI mahAna loka priyatA ne yogasUtra likhane kI preraNA dI ho| vijJAnavAda tathA yogAcAra mata kA 300 I0 ke lagabhaga udita honA isa bAta kI puSTi karatA hai ki yogasUtra isake bAda kA hai, kyoMki yoga kA inameM bahuta bar3A sthAna hai / yogadarzana kI padArthapraNAlI meM sAMkhya ke 25 tattva svIkRta haiM tathA vaha Izvara ko inameM 26 veM tattva ke taura para jor3atA hai / isalie yaha 'sezvara sAMkhya' kahalAtA hai, jabaki kapila sAMkhya ko 'nirIzvara sAMkhya' kahate haiM / kintu yoga kI vizeSatA ina tatvoM para mAthApaccI na karate hue sAdhanA praNAlI kA abhyAsa tathA Izvarabhakti hai, kyoMki isakA lakSya AtmA ko kaivalya pada prApta karAnA hai / yogasAdhaka satata abhyAsa karate hue vitta kI kriyAoM para sampUrNa svAmitva prApta kara letA hai| cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha hI yoga hai ( yogazcittavRttinirodhaH) / isake sAdhana hai naitika AcaraNa, tapazcaraNa, zArIrika tathA mAnasika vyAyAma, phira kendrita dhyAna tathA gaharA cintana | inake dvArA prakRti evaM AtmA kA antarjJAna evaM anta meM kaivalya prApta hotA hai| aSTAGga yoga ke ATha aMga nimnAMkita hai(1) yama (2) niyama (3) Asana (4) prANAyAma (5) pratyAhAra (6) dhAraNA (7) dhyAna aura (8) samAdhi isako rAjayoga bhI kahate haiN| yaha sabhI manuSyoM ke lie unmukta

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yogaupaniSada-yogavAsiSTha hai, yahA~ taka ki jAticyuta bhI isakA abhyAsI ho sakatA ye abhyAsa bAharI sAdhana kahalAte haiM / isa bAharI yogAhai / yoga abhyAsa karane vAle saMnyAsI yogI kahalAte haiN| bhyAsa se manuSya ceSTAzUnya ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA ko pataJjali ke sUtroM para vAcaspati mizra, vyAsa muni, yoganidrA' ( yoga meM nidrA yA laya ) kahate haiM jo mukti vijJAnabhikSu, bhojarAja, nAgezabhaTTa Adi vidvAnoM kI avathA kaivalyAvasthA ke pUrva kI avasthA hai| . vyAkhyA, TIkA, vRttiyA~ Adi prasiddha racanAe~ haiN| yogapAda-zaiva AgaoM kI taraha saMhitAoM meM cAra yoga upaniSad-viSayAnusAra vibhAjana karane para upaniSadoM prakaraNa hote haiM : ke vedAnta, yoga, saMnyAsa, zaiva, vaiSNava, gANapatya Adi aneka (1) jJAnapAda : dArzanika jJAna prakAra ho jAte hai / yogaviSayaka upaniSadoM meM yogA- (2) yogapAda : yoga kI zikSA va abhyAsa nuzAsana ke prAcIna cha: aMgoM para vicAra kiyA gayA hai (3) kriyApAda : mandira tathA pratimAoM kA nirmANa (Age calakara ve ATha ho gaye-aSTAMga yoga) tathA pavitra (4) caryApAda : dhArmika kriyAe~ / 'oma' para dhyAna kendrita karane para unameM vizeSa bala diyA yogamata-bhArata meM yoga vidyA se sambandha rakhane vAle aneka gayA hai| ye grantha maitrAyaNI tathA calikA ke pIche sampradAya pracalita haiN| unameM pramukha hai 'nAtha sampradAya' race gaye haiM, kintu vedAntasUtra evaM yogasUtroM ke pUrva ke haiN| jisakA varNana pichale akSarakrama meM ho gayA hai / yoga kA __ yoga sambandhI upaniSadeM padyabaddha haiM tathA cUlikA kI dUsarA sAdhaka hai 'caranadAsI pantha' / isakA bhI varNana kiyA anugAmI haiM / inameM sabase prAcIna hai 'brahmabindu' jo maitrA jA cukA hai| yogamata ke antargata zabdAdvaitavAda bhI AtA yaNIkAlIna hai / kSurikA, tejobindu, brahAvidyA, nAdabindu, hai, kyoMki kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI yoga matAvalambI yogazikhA, yogatattva, dhyAnabindu, amRtabindu isa varga kI zabda kI upAsanA karate haiN| yaha upAsanA atyanta prAcIna mukhya upaniSadeM haiM, jo saMnyAsavargIya upaniSadoM tathA mahA hai / praNava ke rUpa meM isakA mUla to vedamantroM meM ho bhArata ke samakAlIna haiN| kevala isa varga kI 'haMsa' para vartamAna hai / isakA prAcIna nAma praNavavAda athavA sphoTavartI anizcita tithi kI racanA hai| vAda hai / isakA varNana AgAmI pRSThoM meM kiyA jaaygaa| yogakSema-(1) 'prApti (yoga) aura usakI rakSA (kSema) / ' vartamAna kAla kA zabdadhyAnavAdI rAdhAsvAmI pantha bhI yaha kalyANa aura maMgala kA paryAya hai / rAjasUya yajJa karane dhyAnayoga kA hI eka prakAra hai| ke pUrva rAjA apanA punarabhiSeka karAtA thaa| isakI yogarAja-kAzmIra zaivAcAryoM meM yogarAja eka vidvAna the| kriyAe~ 'aindra mahAbhiSeka' se milatI-julatI hotI thIM inhoMne abhinavagupta kRta 'paramArthasAra' (kAzmIra zavavAda aura 'yogakSema' isakI eka kriyA huA karatI thii| rAjA para likhe gaye 105 chandoM ke eka grantha) kA bhASya purohita ko apanI vijaya ke lie upahAra detA thA aura prastuta kiyA hai| inake 'paramArthasArabhASya' kA aMgrejI samidhA hAtha meM lekara tona pada uttara-pUrva dizA meM calatA anuvAda DA. bArneTa ne prastuta kiyA hai| thA ( yaha indra kI aparAjita dizA hai ) jisakA Azaya yoga-oma (prApti aura usakI rakSA) kI kAmanA hotA thaa| yogavAttika-solahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya vijJAnabhikSu ne (2) yogakSema arthazAstra meM bhI prayata huA hai| yAjJa- yogasUtroM kI eka vyAkhyA likhI jo 'yogavArtika' kahavalkyasmati ke anusAra 'alabdhalAbho yogaH' arthAta lAtI hai| aprApta kI prApti yoga hai aura 'labdhaparipAlanaM kSemaH' yogavAsiSTha rAmAyaNa--pracalita advaita vedAntIya granthoM meM arthAta jo prApta ho gayA ho usakA paripAlana athavA 'yogavAsiSTha rAmAyaNa' kA viziSTa sthAna hai| yaha rakSA kSema kahalAtA hai| terahavIM-caudahavIM zatAbdI meM race gaye saMskRta granthoM meM se yoganidrA-yaugika sAdhanA meM aneka krama yA dazAe~ bAharI eka hai| yaha adhyAtmarAmAyaNa ke samAnAntara hai, kyoMki sAdhana ke rUpa meM sampAdita hotI hai / aneka Asana, zvAsa isameM rAma aura vasiSTha ke saMvAda rUpa meM vedAnta ke tathA niHzvAsa kI gaNanA ( prANAyAma) tathA dRSTi ko siddhAntoM para prakAza DAlA gayA hai| yaha bar3A vizAlanAsikA ke agra sthAna para kendrita karanA ( nAsAgradRSTi ) kAya 32,000 padyoM kA grantha hai| isameM advaita vedAnta

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540 yogasArasaMgraha-yoniRka ko zikSA ke sAtha sAMkhya ke vicAroM kA mizraNa bhI prApta siddhiprApta mahAtmA bhI yogIzvara kahe jAte haiN| hai| yoga kI mahattA para bhI isameM bala diyA gayA hai| yogezvaravata athavA yogezvaradvAdazI-kArtika zukla ekAisakI racanAtithi 1300 I0 ke lagabhaga athavA aura dazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| cAra jalapUrNa pUrva ho sakatI hai| kalaza, jinameM ratna par3e hoM, sapheda candana cacita ho tathA yogasArasaMgraha-solahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya AcArya vijJAna- cAroM ora zveta vastra lipaTA ho evaM jo tilapUrNa tAmrabhikSu dvArA racita eka upayogI yogaviSayaka grantha / pAtroM se Dhake hoM, pAtroM meM suvarNa par3A ho, aise cAroM yogasUtra-pataJjali muni dvArA racita yogazAstra kI maulika kalaza cAra mahAsAgaroM ke pratIka hote hai| eka pAtra ke kRti / vidvAnoM ne isakA racanA kAla cauthI zatAbdI madhya meM bhagavAn hari kI pratimA (jo yogezvara hai) I0 mAnA hai / yaha yoga upaniSadoM ke bAda kI racanA hai| sthApita kara pUjI jAnI caahie| rAtri ko jAgaraNa kA vizeSArtha de0 'yoga (drshn')| vidhAna hai| dvitIya divasa cAroM kalazoM ko cAra brAhmaNoM yogasUtrabhASya-yaha bhASya 7vIM yA 8vIM zatAbdI meM racA ko dAna meM de denA cAhie tathA suvarNa pratimA kisI gayA hai| kucha loga isake lekhaka kA nAma vedavyAsa batAte pAMcaveM brAhmaNa ko dekara pA~coM brAhmaNoM ko sundara bhojana haiN| parantu isa vedavyAsa tathA mahAbhArata ke racayitA vedavyAsa karAkara dakSiNAdi se santuSTa karanA cAhie / isakA nAma ko eka nahIM samajhanA caahie| isa bhASya kA aMgrejI dharaNIvrata bhI hai| vratI isa vrata ke phalasvarUpa samasta anuvAda tathA paricaya uDs mahodaya ne likhA hai| unhoMne pApoM se mukta hokara viSNuloka prApta kara letA hai| isakI dArzanika zailI kI prazaMsA kI hai| yoni-(1) jIvoM kI vibhinna jAtiyA~ yoni kahalAtI haiN| yoginI-bhAratIya lokakathAoM meM yogI prAyaH jAdUgara inakA vargIkaraNa purANa Adi meM 84,00,000 prakAra ke rUpa meM pradarzita hue haiN| jAdU kI aisI zakti rakhane- kA batalAyA jAtA hai| jala, sthala, vAyu, AkAzacArI vAlI sAdhikA strI 'yoginI' (jAdUgaranI) ke rUpa meM sabhI prANI (sthAvara per3a-paudhe bhI) inameM sammilita hai| vaNita hai / zivazaktiyA~ athavA mahAvidyAe~ bhI yoginI ke (2) strItattva kA pratIka, mAtRtva kA bodhaka aGga / rUpa meM kalpita kI gayI haiN| yoginiyoM kI causaTha saMkhyA prAgaitihAsika yuga ke paMjAba tathA pazcimottara pradeza ke bahuta prasiddha hai / causaTha yoginiyoM ke kaI prAcIna mandira logoM ke dharma meM isakA mahattvapUrNa sthAna thaa| utpattihaiM jinameM bher3AghATa ( tripurI-jabalapura ), khajurAho Adi sthAna hone ke kAraNa yaha AdaraNIya aura pUjanIya mAnA ke mandira vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| jAtA thaa| zAkta dharma meM isakA bahuta mahattva bar3hA, yoginItantra-vAmamArgI zAkta zAkhA kA 16vIM zatAbdI yonicihna zakti kA pratIka aura sRSTi kA mUla bana gyaa| kA yaha grantha do bhAgoM meM upalabdha hai| pahalA bhAga sabhI aneka rUpoM meM isakI abhivyakti aura kalA meM aMkana tAntrika viSayoM kA varNana karatA hai, dUsarA bhAga vAstava huaa| kAmAkhyA pITha meM yoni kI pUjA hotI hai| meM 'kAmAkhyAmAhAtmya' hai| isa para vAmamArga kA vizeSa liGgopAsanA meM bhI liGga kA AdhAra yoni hI hai| prabhAva hai| zivamandiroM meM liGga yoni meM hI pratiSThita rahatA hai| yogI-yogamata para calane vAle, yogAbhyAsa karane vAle yoni Rka-sAmaveda ke Acika grantha tIna hai : chanda, Aravyakti yogI kahalAte haiN| prAyaH haThayogiyoM ke lie pyaka aura uttara / uttarAcika meM eka chanda kI, eka svara sAdhAraNa janatA meM yaha zabda prayukta hotA hai / kI aura eka tAtparya kI tIna-tIna RcAoM ko lekara yogIzvara-ziva kA paryAya / kucha yogI apanI bhayAvanI eka-eka sUkta banA diyA gayA hai| ina sUkkoM kA vyUca kriyAoM kA abhyAsa zmazAna bhUmi meM karate hai tathA nAma rakhA gayA hai| isI taraha kI samAna bhAvApanna do-do bhUta yoniyoM para apanA prabhutva sthApita kara lete haiN| RcAoM kI samaSTi kA nAma pragAtha hai| cAhe tryaca ho ziva ina yogiyoM ke bhI svAmI hai arthAt yogIzvara cAhe pragAtha, inameM pratyeka pahalI RcA kA chanda haiM tathA yoga kA abhyAsa bhI karate haiN| Arcika meM se liyA gayA hai| isI Acika chanda se eka

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yauvarAjyAbhiSeka-raghunAthadAsa 541 RcA aura saba taraha se usI ke anurUpa do aura RcAoM raktasaptamI-mArgazIrSa kRSNa saptamI kA raktasaptamI nAma ko milAkara yUca banatA hai aura isI prakAra pragAtha hai / isa tithivrata meM rakta kamaloM se sUrya kI athavA bhii| inhIM kAraNoM se imameM jo pahalI RcAe~ haiM ve zveta puSpoM se sUryapratimA kI pUjA vihita hai| sUrya kI saba yoni Rk kahalAtI haiM aura Acika bhI yonigrantha pratimA para rakta candana se pralepa lagAnA caahie| isa pUjana ke nAma se prasiddha hai| meM sUrya ko dAla ke bar3e aura kRzarA (cAvala, dAla tathA masAloM se banI khicar3I) arpita karane kA vidhAna hai| yoni Rk ke bAda hI usI ke barAbara kI do yA pUjana ke uparAnta raktima vastroM ke eka jor3e kA dAna eka Rk jisake uttara dala meM mile usakA nAma uttarA karanA cAhie / cika hai| isI kAraNa tIsare kA nAma uttara hai / eka hI adhyAya kA banA huA grantha jo araNya meM hI adhyayana rakSApaJcamI-bhAdra kRSNa paJcamI ko rakSApaJcamI kahate haiM / karane yogya ho, AraNyaka kahalAtA hai| saba vedoM meM eka isa dina kAle raMga se soM kI AkRtiyA~ khIMcakara unakA eka AraNyaka hotA haiM / yoni, uttara aura AraNyaka inhIM pUjana karanA caahie| isase vratI tathA usakI santAnoM tIna granthoM kA sAdhAraNa nAma Acika arthAt Rka ko saryoM kA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| samUha hai| rakSAbandhana-zrAvaNa pUrNimA ke dina purohitoM dvArA kiyA jAne vAlA AzIrvAdAtmaka karma / rakSA vAstava meM rakSAyauvarAjyAbhiSeka-aneka pramANoM se yauvarAjyAbhiSeka kI sutra hai jo brAhmaNoM dvArA yajamAna ke dAhine hAtha meM bA~dhA vAstavikatA siddha hotI hai| isameM rAjA apane yogyatama jAtA hai| yaha dharmabandhana meM bA~dhane kA pratIka hai, (sambhavataH jyeSTha) putra kA abhiSeka karatA thaa| mahA isalie rakSAbandhana ke avasara para nimnAMkita mantra bhArata, rAmAyaNa, harSacarita, bRhatkathA, kalpasUtra Adi meM par3hA jAtA hai : yauvarAjyAbhiSeka kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| yaha abhiSeka yena baddho balI rAjA dAnavendro mahAbala: / candramA tathA puSya nakSatra ke saMyoga ke samaya (pauSI tena tvAM pratibadhnAmi rakSe mA cala mA cala / / pUrNimA ko) hotA thaa| [jisa (rakSA ke dvArA) mahAbalI dAnavoM ke rAjA bali (dharmabandhana meM) bA~dhe gaye the, usI se tumheM bA~dhatA haiN| he rakSe, calAyamAna na ho, calAyamAna na ho|] madhya ra-antaHsthavarNI kA dUsarA akSara / kAmadhenutantra (paTala yuga meM aitihAsika kAraNoM se rakSAbandhana kA mahattva 6) meM isakA svarUpa nimnAMkita batalAyA gayA hai : bar3ha gayA / deza para videzI AkramaNa hone ke kAraNa striyoM rephaJca caJcalApAGgi kuNDalIdvaya saMyutam / kA mAna aura zIla saMkaTa meM par3a gayA thA, isalie bahineM raktavidyullatAkAraM paJcadevAtmakaM sadA // bhAiyoM ke hAtha meM 'rakSA' yA 'rAkhI' bA~dhane lagI, jisase paJcaprANamayaM varNa tribindusahitaM sadA / / ve apanI bahinoM kI sammAnarakSA ke lie dharmabaddha ho tantrazAstra meM isake adholikhita nAma kahe gaye haiM : jAya~ / ro raktaH krodhinI rephaH pAvakastvojaso mataH / raghunandana bhaTTAcArya-baMgAla ke vikhyAta dharmazAstrI raghuprakAzAdarzano dIpo raktakRSNAparaM balI / / nandana bhaTTAcArya (1500I0) ne aSTAviMzatitattva nAmaka bhujaGgezo matiH sUryo dhAturakta: prakAzakaH / grantha kI racanA kI, jisameM smArta hindU ke kartavyoM kI apyako revatI dAsaH kukSyazo vahnimaNDalam / / vizada vyAkhyA hai| yaha grantha sanAtanI hinduoM dvArA ugrarekhA sthaladaNDo vedakaNThapalA purA / atyanta sammAnita hai| prakRtiH sugalo brahmazabdazca gAyako dhanam / / raghunAthadAsa-mahAprabhu caitanya ke chaH pramukha anuyAyI bhaktoM zrIkaNTha USmA hRdayaM muNDI tripurasundarI / meM raghunAthadAsa bhI eka the| ye vRndAvana meM rahate the sabinduyonijo jvAlA zrIzailo vizvatomukhI / / aura apane zeSa pA~ca sahayogI gosvAmiyoM ke sAtha caitanya

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542 raghunAtha bhaTTa-raNachora rAya mata ke grantha lekhana tathA sAmpradAyika kriyAoM kA rUpa nirmita hai-sattva ( prakAza ), rajas (zakti) tathA taiyAra karane meM lage rahate the| ye gosvAmI gaNa bhakti, tamas (jar3atA) / prakRti meM ye amizrita, santulita rahate haiM darzana, kriyA (AcAra ) para likhate the, bhASya racate the, tathA usase utpanna padArthoM meM vibhinna parimANoM meM mila sampradAya sambandhI kAvya tathA prArthanA likhate the| ye jAte haiM / maitrAyaNI upaniSad meM eka mahat satya ke tIna grantha sampradAya kI pUjA paddhati evaM dainandina jIvana para rUpa viSNu, brahmA evaM ziva ko kramazaH sattva, rajas evaM prakAza DAlane ke lie likhe jAte the| ina logoM ne mathurA ___ tamas ke rUpa meM darzAyA gayA hai| jagat meM sArI kriyA evaM vRndAvana ke Asa-pAsa ke pavitra sthAnoM ko DhU~DhA tathA aura gati rajas ke hI kAraNa hotI hai| unakA 'mathurAmAhAtmya' meM varNana kiyA aura eka yAtrA- rajjabadAsa-mahAtmA dAdU dayAla ke ziSya eka dAdUpanthI patha (vanayAtrA) kI sthApanA kI, jisa para calakara sabhI kavi rajjabadAsa hue haiN| inhoMne 'bAnI' nAmaka upadezAtmaka pavitra sthaloM kI parikramA yAtrI kara sakeM / ina logoM ne bhajanoM kA saMgraha likhA hai| vArSika 'rAsalIlA' kA abhinaya bhI Arambha kiyaa| raTantI caturdazI-mAgha kRSNa cturdshii| yaha tithivrata hai| yama kI ArAdhanA isa vrata meM kI jAtI hai| aruNodaya raghunAtha bhaTTa-mahAprabhu caitanya ke chaH ziSyoM evaM vRndAvana kAla meM snAna kara yama ke caudaha nAma (kRtyatattva, 450) meM basa jAne vAle gosvAmiyoM meM se eka / ye raghunAnadAsa lekara unakA tarpaNa karanA cAhie / gosvAmI ke bhAI the / de0 'raghunAthadAsa' / raNachora rAya-(1) gujarAta pradeza ke dvArakA dhAma aura raghuvIragadya-AcArya veGkaTanAtha (1325-1426 vi0) ne| DAkaura nagara meM pratiSThita bhagavAn kRSNa kI do mUrtiyoM ke apane tirupAhindrapura ke nivAsakAla meM raghuvIragadya nAmaka nAma / ina sthAnoM meM raNachorajI ke bhavya mandira atyanta stotra grantha likhA / yaha tamila bhASA meM hai| bhagavadbhakti AkarSaka bane hue haiN| inameM sahasroM yAtriyoM kA nitya isameM kUTa-kUTakara bharI gayI hai| Agamana hotA rahatA hai / bhaktajanoM meM prasiddhi hai ki madhyaraGgapaJcamI-phAlguna kRSNa paJcamI ko raGgapaJcamI kahA kAla meM DAkaura nivAsI 'bor3hANA' nAmaka bhIla ke premAnajAtA hai / isI dina ziva ko raGga arpita kiyA jAtA hai rAga se AkRSTa hokara zrI kRSNa dvArakA tyAga kara yahA~ aura raGgotsava prArambha ho jAtA hai| cale Aye the| paMDoM ne dvArakA se Akara bor3hANA ko raGganAtha-(1) zrIraGgam meM bhagavAn raGganAtha kA mandira satAyA, isa para bhagavAn ne usake Upara paMDoM kA apane hai / terahavIM, caudahavIM zatAbdI meM musalamAnoM ne jaba zrI- badale kA RNa eka tarAjU meM sone se tulakara cukAyA thaa| raGgam para adhikAra kara liyA taba yahA~ kA mandira bhI sone ke rUpa meM bhI bor3hANA kI patnI kI kevala nAka kI unhoMne apavitra kara ddaalaa| isa kAla meM raGganAtha kI bAlI thI, jo mUrti ke samAna bhArI ho gayI thii| isakI mUrti muslima zAsana se nikalakara dakSiNa bhArata ke kaI smRti meM Ajakala bhI DAkaura ke mandira meM vibhinna vastuoM sthAnoM meM ghUmatI rahI / jaba punaH yahA~ hindU rAjya sthApita ke tulAdAna hote rahate haiN| bhakta kA 'RNa chur3Ane' ke ho gayA, zrIraGgam meM isakI punaH sthApanA vedAntAcArya kAraNa ina bhagavAn kA nAma 'raNachora rAya' prasiddha ho veGkaTanAtha kI upasthiti meM huI / Aja bhI unake racita gayA hai| mantra mandira kI dIvAroM para likhe hae pAye jAte haiM / (2) bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra mathurA purI para kAla(2) raGganAtha brahmasUtroM ko zAGkara bhASyAnusAriNI yavana aura jarAsandha kI do dizAoM se car3hAI hone para vRtti ke racayitA hai| inakA sthitikAla satrahavIM zrI kRSNa ne rAtoMrAta samasta yAdavoM ko dvArakApurI meM zatAbdI thaa| bheja diyaa| phira donoM senAoM ko vyAmohita kara unake raGgarAmAnuja-ina vaiSNavAcArya kI sthiti 18vIM zatAbdI Age-Age ve bahuta dUra nikala bhAge / unheM pakar3ane ke lie meM mAnI jAtI hai| inhoMne viziSTAdvaita vedAntabhASya kAlayavana pIchA karane lgaa| zrI kRSNa ne use ekAnta meM para vyAkhyA granthAvalI vaiSNavoM ke prayogArtha likhI hai| le jAkara eka rAjA ke dvArA bhasma karA diyA tathA jarArajas-prakRti tathA usase utpanna padArtha tIna guNoM se sandha kI senA ke sAmane se jaMgala-pahAr3oM meM chipate hue

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raNathambhaura-rathakrAnta 543 dvArakA jA nikle| isa ghaTanA kI smRti meM bhaktajanoM ne tathA vidruma ( mUMgA ) / dhAmika kRtyoM meM paJca ratnoM kA premalAMchanapUrvaka unako ( raNa + chor3a ) raNachora rAya nAma prayoga bhI hotA hai, ve haiM : sonA, cA~dI, motI, mUMgA, se vikhyAta kara diyaa| mANikya; matAntara se sonA, hIrA, nIlama, pukharAja, raNathambhaura--rAjasthAna meM savAI mAdhopura se kucha dUra para motii| yaha kilA hai| kile ke bhItara gaNezajI kA vizAla mati ratnI-ratnoM ke jaisA sammAna pAne vaalaa| yaha una logoM hai / parvata para amarezvara, zailezvara, kamaladhAra aura phira kA viruda hai jo rAjya ke pAriSada ( variSTha sadasya ) hote Age eka prapAta ke pAsa jharanezvara aura sItAjI ke the / taittirIya saM0 (1.8.9.1) tathA taitti0 prA0 (1.7. mandira haiN| sAmane (caraNoM meM se ) pAnI baha kara do 3.1) meM dI huI ratniyoM kI sUcI meM purohita, rAjanya, kuNDoM meM kramazaH jAtA hai / vaha jala pahale kuNDa meM kAlA, mahiSI ( paTarAnI ), bAvAtA (priyarAnI), parivRkti phira dUsare kuNDa meM Akara sapheda ho jAtA hai / ( parityaktA ), senAnI, sUta ( sArathi ), grAmaNI ( grAmaratnatrayaparIkSA-appaya dIkSitaracita yaha grantha zrIkaNTha mata pramukha ), chatrI ( chatradhAraka ), saMgRhItA ( koSAdhyakSa ), (zaiva siddhAnta) se sambandhita hai| isameM hari, hara aura bhAgadhuga ( rAjasva adhikArI ) tathA akSAvApa (dyUtAzakti kI upAsanA kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| adhyakSa ) sammilita haiN| zata0 brA0 meM krama isa prakAra ratnaprabhA-AcArya govindAnanda kRta zArIraka bhASya ko hai : senAnI, purohita, mahiSI, sUta, grAmaNI, chatrI, prasiddha ttiikaa| zAGkarabhASya kI TIkAoM meM yaha sabase saMgRhItA, bhAgadhug, akSAvApa, govikartana ( AkheTaka ) sarala hai| tathA pAlAgala ( sandezavAhaka ) / maitrAyaNI saMhitA kI ratnaSaSThI-grISma Rtu kA eka vrata, jo SaSThI tithi ko sUcI isa prakAra hai : brAhmaNa (purohita ), rAjanya, sampAdita hotA thaa| bhAsa ke cArudatta aura zUdraka ke mahiSI, parivRkti, senAnI, saMgRhItA, chatrI, suta, mRcchakaTika nATaka ke 'ahaM ratnaSaSThIm upoSitA' kathana vaizya, grAmaNI, bhAgadudha, takSA, rathakAra, akSavApa tathA govikata / uparyukta nAmoM se ThIka-ThIka patA nahIM calatA meM saMbhavataH isakI ora hI saMketa hai| ratnahavi-rAjasUya yA soma yajJa kA kAryakrama phAlguna ke ki rAjakula tathA rAjabhavana ke karmacAriyoM ke atirikta prathama dina se prArambha hotA thaa| isakI anekAneka unameM rAjA ke vyaktigata sevaka hI the yA janatA ke pratikriyAoM meM abhiSecanIya, ratnahaviyA~ tathA dazapeya mahattva nidhi bhii| kucha to inameM avazya hI janatA ke pratinidhi the, jaise brAhmaNa, rAjanya, grAmaNI, takSA Adi / pUrNa haiM / yaha bAraha dina lagAtAra kiye jAne vAle yajJoM rAjyAbhiSeka aura rAjasUya ke avasaroM para ratniyoM kA kA samUha hai, jo rAjA ke 'ratnoM' ke gahoM meM bhI dhArmika aura rAjanItika mahattva hotA thaa| siddhAntataH hotA thaa| mAnA jAtA thA ki rAjazakti inhIM ke hAtha meM hai| ratna vaidika rAjyavyavasthA ke antargata rAjA ke mukhya parA mAno rAjazakti kA pratIka thaa| ise ye saba rAjyAbhiSeka marzadAtA 'ratna' (yA ratnI) kahe jAte the, jinameM senAnI, ke avasara para rAjA ko sauMpate the / suta, paTarAnI, purohita, zreSThI, grAmapradhAna Adi gine- rathakAra-ratha banAne vAlA / vaidika kAla meM isakI gaNanA cune vyakti hote the| rAjasUya ke kucha homa ina logoM ke rAjA ke ratniyoM meM hotI thii| ratha ke sainika tathA vyAvahAthoM se bhI sapanna hote the| vikramAditya aura akabara ke hArika mahattva ke kAraNa samAja meM rathakAra kA UcA mAna 'navaratna' aisI hI rAjyavyavasthA ke aMga jaise the| vartamAna thaa| rAjyAbhiSeka ke avasara para rathakAra bhI upasthita bhAratazAsana dvArA dI jAnevAlI sarvocca padavI 'bhArata hotA thA aura rAjA usase bhI ratna ( rAjyAdhikAra ke ratna' ukta vaidika prathA kI smRti jaisI hai| pratIka) kI yAcanA karatA thaa| ratna (nava athavA paJca)-vratarAja, 15 (viSNudharmottara se) / rathakrAnta-(1) mahAsiddhasAra nAmaka zAkta grantha meM 192 nava ratnoM kA ullekha karatA hai, yathA motI, suvarNa, vaidUrya, granthoM kI sUcI likhita hai, jo 64 ke tIna khaNDoM meM padmarAga ( mANikya ), puSparAga / pukharAja ), gomeda vibhakta haiN| ina tIna khaNDoM ke nAma haiM viSNukrAnta, ratha(himAlaya se prApta ratna ), nIlama, gArutmata (pannA) krAnta tathA azvakrAnta / yaha sUcI yatheSTa Adhunika hai,

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rathanavamI-rambhAtRtIyA kyoMki isameM mahAnirvANatantra bhI sammilita hai tathA 192 meM se kevala 10 hI vAmakezvara tantra kI sUcI se milate haiN| (2) rathakrAnta eka prAcIna mahAdvIpa (saMbhavataH aphrIkA) kA nAma hai| rathanavamI-Azvina kI zukla navamI athavA kRSNa pakSa kI navamI ( hemAdri ) ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isa avasara para upavAsa rakhate hue durgAjI kI ArAdhanA yA pUjA karanI cAhie / darpaNoM, cauriyoM, vastroM, chatra, mAlAoM se sajjita ratha meM mahiSa (bhaiMsA) para virAjI huI durgAjI kI pratimA sthApita karanI cAhie aura ratha ko nagara kI mukhya-mukhya sar3akoM para ghumAkara durgAjI ke mandira taka le jAnA caahie| rAtri ko nRtya-gAna karate hue jAgaraNa karanA caahie| dUsare dina durgAjI kI pratimA ko snAna karAkara ratha ko durgAjI ko bheMTa kara denA caahie| rathayAtrA-kisI devatA kI pratimA ko ratha meM sthApita kara usakA julUsa nikAlanA rathayAtrA kahalAtA hai| hemAdri, kRtyaratnAkara, bhaviSyapurANa durgA devI, sUrya, brahmAjI Adi kI rathayAtrA kAvarNana karate hai, jise 'pajAprakAza' ne bhI uddhRta kiyA hai| gadAdharapaddhati meM puruSottama kI bAraha yAtrAoM tathA bhuvanezvara kI caudaha yAtrAoM kA varNana hai / hemAdri ke mata se yaha utsava logoM kI samRddhi tathA susvAsthya ke lie mArgazIrSa mAsa ke zukla pakSa meM Ayojita honA cAhie / rathasaptamI-mAgha zukla saptamI / isa tithivrata ke sUrya devatA hai| SaSThI kI rAtri ko vrata kA saMkalpa kara niyamoM ke AcaraNa kI pratijJA karanI caahie| saptamI ko upavAsa karanA caahie| sArathi aura ghor3oM ke sahita banAye gaye suvarNa ke ratha ko madhyAhna kAla meM vastroM se sajjita kara eka maNDapa meM sthApita kara denA cAhie / tadanantara kesara, puSpAdika se ratha kA pUjana karanA caahie| pUjanoparAnta sUrya bhagavAn kI suvarNa yA anya vastu kI pratimA banavAkara ratha meM sthApita karanI caahie| tadanantara mantroccAraNa karake ratha tathA sArathi sahita sUrya kI pUjA kI jAnI cAhie / pUjA meM hI apanI manaHkAmanA bhI abhivyakta kara denI caahie| usa rAtri ko gIta-saMgIta, nRtyAdi karate hue jAgaraNa karanA cAhie / dUsare dina prAtaH snA- nAdi se nivRtta hokara dAna-dakSiNA dene ke bAda apane garu ko suvarNa kA ratha de denA caahie| bhaviSyottara purANa meM bhagavAn kRSNa ne yudhiSThira ko kambojanareza yazodharmA kI kathA sunAyI hai| vRddha yazodharmA kA putra aneka rogoM se grasta thA / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vaha samasta rogoM se mukta hokara cakravartI samrAT huaa| matsyapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki manvantara ke prArambha meM sUrya ne isI tithi ko ratha prApta kiyA thA, ataeva isakA nAma rathasaptamI pdd'aa| rathAGkasaptamI-mAgha zukla SaSThI ko isa vrata ke anuSThAna kA prArambha hotA hai / isa vrata meM upavAsa tathA gandhAkSata puSpAdi se sUrya kI pUjA kA vidhAna hai / isa dina sUrya kI pratimA ke sammukha hI zayana karanA caahie| saptamI ko bhI sUryapUjana tathA brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAne kA vidhAna hai| yaha kriyA prati mAsa calanI caahie| varSa ke anta meM sUrya kI pratimA ko ratha meM sthApita karake usakA julUsa nikAlanA cAhie / bhaviSyapurANa (1.59.1-26) meM ise 'rathasaptamI' batalAyA gayA hai / rambhAtRtIyA-(1) jyeSTha zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / vrata rakhane vAle ko pUrvAbhimakha hokara paJcAgniyoM (yathA gArhapatya, dakSiNAgni, sabhya, AhavanIya tathA Urdhvastha sUrya) ke madhya meM baiThanA cAhie / brahmAjI tathA devI, jo mahAkAlI, mahAlakSmI, mahAmAyA tathA sarasvatI svarUpA hai, sammukha virAjamAna honI caahie| cAroM dizAoM meM homa karanA caahie| devI ke pUjana ke samaya ATha padArtha, jo 'saubhAgyASTaka' ke nAma se prasiddha haiM, pratimA ke sammukha rakhane cAhie / sAyaMkAla meM prArthanAmantroM ke sAtha bhagavatI rudrANI kI kRpA prApta karane ke lie prArthanA karanI cAhie / tadanantara vratakartA eka sapanoka sadgRhastha ko sammAnita kare tathA zUrpa (sUpa yA chAja) meM rakhe naivedya ko sadhavA mahilAoM meM vitarita kara de| yaha vrata sAmAnyataH striyopayogI hai| (2) isa vrata kA yaha nAma isalie par3A ki sarvaprathama rambhA nAma kI apsarA ne strItva kI prApti ke lie isakA AcaraNa kiyA thaa| mArgazIrSa zukla ko yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai / eka varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna honA cAhie tathA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se prati mAsa pArvatI devI kI pUjA ArAdhanA karanI cAhie; yathA pArvatI mArgazIrSa meM,

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rambhAtrirAtravrata-rasezvara 545 para girijA pauSa meM / isa avasara para bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke bhagavatI ke caraNoM ko sarvaprathama praNAma nivedana kara unake padArtha banAne cAhie tathA unheM khAnA caahie| bhinna-bhinna nAma lekara mastaka ke mukUTa taka sabhI avayavoM rambhAtrirAtravata-jyeSTha zukla trayodazI ko isa vrata kA ko praNAma nivedana karanA cAhie aura isI prakAra pUjA prArambha hotA hai| tIna dinaparyanta isakA anuSThAna honA karanI cAhie / mAgha se kArtika taka prati mAsa bAraha meM caahie| yaha vrata striyoM ke lie hai| sarvaprathama snAnAdi se eka vastu kA tyAga karanA cAhie / bAraha vastueM ye se nivatta hokara vratI strI ko kele ke paudhe kI jar3a meM haiM-namaka, gur3a, tavarAja, madhu, pAnaka, jIraka, dugdha, paryApta jala chor3anA cAhie tathA paudhe ke cAroM ora dhAgA dadhi, ghI, majikA (rasAlA athavA zikhariNI), dhAnyaka lapeTanA cAhie / cA~dI kA kele kA paudhA aura usa para (dhaniyA~), zarkarA / mAsa ke anta meM tyakta vastu ko eka pAtra sone ke phala banavAkara pUjanA caahie| trayodazI ko nakta meM bharakara tathA eka anya sundara khAdya padArtha rakhakara dAna vidhi se evaM caturdazI ko ayAcita vidhi se AhAra karake karanA caahie| varSa ke anta meM gaurI kI suvarNa pratimA pUrNimA ko upavAsa rakhanA caahie| varSa bhara usa vRkSa ko kA dAna karanA caahie| isa vrata ke pariNAmasvarUpa sIMcanA caahie| isa avasara para umA tathA ziva evaM pApa, zoka tathA rogoM se pUrNa rUpa se mukti milatI hai| kRSNa tathA rukmiNI ko bhI pUjA karanI caahie| trayo- rasa ke pada-vRndAvanastha haridAsI sampradAya ke pravartaka dazI se pUrNimA taka kramazaH 13,14 tathA 15 AhutiyoM svAmI haridAsajI racita padoM kA saMgraha, jo brajabhASA meM se havana karanA cAhie / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se putra tathA mAdhuryabhAva kI upAsanA kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / racanAkAla saundarya kI prApti hotI hai tathA vaidhavya se mukti milatI solahavIM zatI kA madhya yA anta hai| hai| rambhA kA artha kadalI arthAt kelA hai| isIlie isa rasavidyA-gorakhanAthI yogamata meM jahA~ yogAsana, nADIjJAna, vrata meM kadalI se sambaddha kAryoM kA vidhAna hai| SaTcakra nirUpaNa tathA prANAyAma dvArA samAdhi prApti kA ravivAravata-ravivAra ko nakta vidhi se AhAra karanA mukhya uddezya hai, vahA~ zArIrika puSTi tathA paJcamahAbhUtoM para cAhie athavA pUrNa upavAsa rakhanA caahie| isa avasara vijaya kI siddhi ke lie rasavidyA kA bhI vizeSa sthAna para AdityahRdaya athavA mahAzvetA mantra kA japa karanA hai| isa rasavidyA athavA rasAyana ke dvArA abhyAsI kI caahie| isase vratI kI manaHkAmanAe~ pUrNa hotI haiN| mAnasika sthitiyoM ko prabhAvita kiyA jAtA hai| isake sUrya devatA haiN| smRtikaustubha (556,557) tathA rasA-Rgveda ke tIna paricchedoM (1.1.2; 5.53.9:10. varSakRtyadIpikA (423-436) meM isa vrata kA bar3e vistAra 75.6) meM rasA usa jaladhArA (nadI) kA nAma hai jo ke sAtha varNana kiyA gayA hai| bhArata kI uttara-pazcima dizA meM bahatI thI / anya sthAna ravivrata-(1) mAgha mAsa meM ravi ke dina tIna bAra sUrya para (Rgveda 5.41.15,9.41.6;10.100,1-2) yaha nAma kA pUjana karanA cAhie / eka mAsa ke isa AcaraNa se paurANika dhArA kA hai jo pRthvI ke sire para hai / kucha chaH mahIne kA puNya prApta hotA hai| vidvAn rasA kA samAnArthaka zabda avestA kA 'ranhA' bata(2) mAgha mAsa meM ravivAra ke dina vratArambha karake lAte haiM / kintu yaha zabda prArambhika rUpa se jala ke guNoM prati ravivAra ko sUrya kA pUjana karanA cAhie / eka varSa kA bodhaka hai jo sarasvatI yA kisI bhI nadI ke lie paryanta isa vrata ke anuSThAna kA vidhAna hai| isa bIca kucha vyavahRta ho sakatA hai| vaidika yuga kI rAjya-sImA meM nizcita vastuoM kA hI AhAra karanA cAhie athavA rasA nAmaka nadI pazcima meM, gaGgA pUrva meM, uttara meM himAkramazaH kucha nizcita vastuoM kA khAne meM tyAga karanA cchAdita parvata tathA dakSiNa meM sindhu AtA hai| caahie| rasezvara-madhyakAlIna zavoM ke do mukhya sampradAya the: rasakalyANinI-mAgha zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA AraMbha pAzupata tathA Agamika evaM ina donoM ke bhI punarvibhAjana hotA hai| durgA isakI devatA haiN| madhu tathA candana se the| pAzupata ke chaH vibhAga the, jinameM chaThA varga 'rasezvaroM' durgAjI ko snAna karAkara sarvaprathama pratimA ke dakSiNa kA thaa| mAdhava ne isa (rasezvara) varga kA varNana 'sarvabhAga kA, tadanantara vAma bhAga kA pUjana karanA caahie| darzanasaMgraha' meM kiyA hai| yaha upasampradAya adhika dinoM

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546 taka na cala sakA / isakA anokhA siddhAnta yaha thA ki zarIra ko amara banAye binA mokSa nahIM prApta ho sakatA aura yaha amara zarIra kevala rasa ( pArava) kI sahAyatA se hI prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai, jise ve ziva va pArvatI ke sarjanAtmaka milana ke phalasvarUpa hI utpanna mAnate the / divya zarIra prApta karane ke bAda bhakta yogAbhyAsa se parama tattva kA Antarika jJAna prApta karatA hai tathA isa jIvana se 'mukta ho jAtA hai| aneka prAcIna AcArya tathA grantha isa mata se sambandhita kahe gaye haiM / padArthanirNaya ke sambandha meM pratyabhijJA aura rasezvara donoM darzanoM kA mata prAyaH samAna hai| rasezvara darzana ke anuyAyI zivasUtroM ko pramANa mAnate haiM / ye zaGkarAcArya ke advaita siddhAnta ke poSaka haiM / vikrama kI dasavIM zatAbdI meM somAnanda ne zivadRSTi nAmaka grantha likhakara isa mata kI acchI vyAkhyA kI / rahasyaprAyazcitta-dharmazAstra ke tIna mukhya viSayoM meM eka viSaya prAyazcitta hai, anya do haiM vyavahAra ( daNDa yA nyAya prakriyA ) aura AcAra ( dhArmika prathA ) / prAyazcitta aneka prakAra ke kahe gaye haiM, jinameM 'rahasyaprAyazcitta' (gupta prAyazcittoM) kA bhI varNana AyA hai| ye una aparAdhoM ke zamanArtha kiye jAte haiM jo khule taura para kisI ko jJAta na hoM / 7 rAkSasa vaidika kAlIna rAkSasoM kI kalpanA kA AdhAra mAnava ke hAniprada rahasyAtmaka anubhava the / yathA sardI ke anubhava, aMdhakAra, sUkhA, bImArI Adi kI utpatti meM kisI na kisI rAkSasI zakti kI kalpanA kI gayI / mAnavoM ke duHkha evaM vipattiyA~ asaMkhya haiM, unhIM ke anusAra rAkSasa bhI asaMkhya haiM, jo unake kAraNa haiM / isa prakAra vaidika kAla meM pratyeka bhaya, pratyeka bImArI, vipatti zArIrika kaSTa kA kAraNa koI na koI rAkSasa yA yAtu (jAdU) hotA thA / rAkSasoM ko kaccA mAMsa, manuSya kA mAMsa pazu evaM ghor3oM kA mAMsa bhakSaNa karane vAlA kahA gayA hai / ve andhakAra meM unnati karate haiM tathA yajJoM ko bhraSTa karane meM AnandAnubhava karate haiN| naitika guNoM kI dRSTi se rAkSasa tathA jAdUgara samAna hai| ve mUrkha haiM, stuti se ghRNA karane vAle haiM, burA karane vAle haiM, dhUrta hai, cora-DAkU haiM, jhUThe haiM / rAkSasa aMdhere ko pyAra karate haiM tathA aneka rAtri - pakSiyoM, yathA ulUka, kapota, gRddha, cIla ke rUpa meM dIkha rahasyaprAyazcita rAghavendrapati par3ate haiM tathA rahasyAtmaka boliyA~ bolate haiN| rAkSasiyoM bhI hotI haiM jo saMkhyA meM deviyoM se adhika haiM aura rAkSasoM ke samAna hI duSTa tathA kleza denevAlI hotI haiM / yajJa kA devatA agni tathA madhyAkAza ke niyutAgni kA devatA indra rAkSasoM ke zatru haiM / isalie aneka virudoM ke sAtha unheM rAkSasoM ko mAranevAlA, dabA dene vAlA, Tukar3ATukar3A kara dene vAlA kahA gayA hai| nissandeha prakAza va andhakAra kA yuddha sRSTi meM calA A rahA hai| rAta meM vicarane vAle rAkSasa, jo yajJoM ko naSTa karate haiM tathA acche vyaktiyoM ko hAni pahu~cAte haiM, burAI tathA pApa ke pratirUpa haiM / unakA sthAna hai talahIna andhakAra kA khaDDa / isameM ve indra ke tIkSNa vajra dvArA mAre jAte haiM / rAkSasa apane sthAna ko lauTa jAte haiM / jo vyakti unake jaise guNoM vAle haiM, ve bhI vahIM jAte haiN| yahAM naraka kA saMketa hai / purANoM aura saMskRta sAhitya meM bahuta sI mAnavajAtiyoM ko rAkSasa kahA gayA hai| rAkSasa zabda Age calakara anaitika artha meM prayukta hone lgaa| duSTa aura zatru bhI rAkSasa kahe jAne lage / rAghavadAsAcArya vIrarAghavadAsAcArya zrIvaiSNava varadAcArya ke ziSya the | unake pitA kA nAma narasiMha guru thA / vAdhUla vaMza meM unakA janma huA thaa| unhoMne 'tattvasAra' para 'ratnaprasAriNI' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai jo abhI taka prakAzita nahIM huI hai / rAghavadvAvazI jyeSTha zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| isa avasara para rAma tathA lakSmaNa kI suvarNa pratimAoM kA pUjana karanA cAhie caraNoM se prArambha kara bhagavAn ke zarIrAvayavoM kA bhinna-bhinna nAmoM ko lete hue pUjana karanA caahie| prAtaH kAla rAmalakSmaNa ke pUjana ke uparAnta eka loTA meM ghI bharakara dAna karanA cAhie / isa AcaraNa se vratI yugoM taka svarga meM nivAsa karatA hai / isase pApoM kA kSaya hotA hai| yadi vratI niSkAma rahatA hai to use mokSa kI upalabdhi hotI hai / -- rAghavAcU-- vIrazaivAcArya rAghavAcU harihara ke ziSya the / ye 14vIM zatAbdI meM hue ye tathA inhoMne 'siddharAya' nAmaka eka karnATakI purANa likhA hai / rAghavendrapati -- inhoMne taittirIyopaniSad kI vRtti, bRhadA - raNyaka upaniSad kI khaNDApravRtti evaM mANDUkyopaniSad kI

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rAghavendrasvAmI-rAjyadvAdazIvrata 547 vRtti likhI hai| rAghavendrapati tathA rAghavendra svAmI eka bhAI-bandhu, jo karmaNA athavA padena rAjanya nahIM hote the, hI vyakti haiM yaha rahA nahIM jA sktaa| rAjanyabandhu kahalAte the| kucha aisA hI dRSTikoNa 'brahmarAghavendra svAmI-mAdhva matAvalambI saMta evaM granthakAra / bandhu' ke lie bhI hai| inhoMne jayatIrthAcArya kI TIkA para vRtti likhI hai| rAjamArtaNDa-yogasUtra kI yaha vyAkhyA dhArA nagarI ke jayatIrtha ke pradhAna-pradhAna saba granthoM para inhoMne vRtti __ mahArAja bhojane (1010-55 I0) likhI thii| yaha bahuta likhI hai| inake granthoM ke nAma haiM tattvodyotaTIkA spaSTa tathA sarala hai| yogazAstrAbhyAsI sampradAya meM vRtti, nyAyakalpalatAvRtti, tattvaprakAzikAvRtti, bhAvadvIpa, isakA bhI vizeSa mahattva hai| vAdAvalITIkA, mantrArthamaJjarI, tattvamaMjarI aura gItA rAjayoga-yogamArga kA eka sampradAya / yaha haThayoga se vivRti / inhoMne Iza, kena, prazna, muNDaka, chAndogya tathA bhinna hai| haThayoga meM zArIrika kriyAoM dvArA cittavattitaittirIya upaniSadoM ke khaNDArtha prastuta kiye / inake granthoM nirodha kI prakriyA para bala diyA jAtA hai| rAjayoga meM kI bhASA sarala hai| ye sambhavataH satrahavIM zatAbdI meM bauddhika anuzAsana para adhika bala diyA jAtA hai| vartamAna the| rAghavendra yati tathA rAghavendra svAmI eka hI vyakti haiN| rAjarAjezvaravrata-budhavAra ko svAtI nakSatrayukta aSTamI rAjakartA ( rAjakRt )-yaha viruda atharvaveda tathA brAhmaNoM ho to usa dina upavAsa karanA caahie| usa dina bhagavAn meM unake lie vyavahRta hai jo svayaM rAjA nahIM honA cAhate / ziva ko aneka svAdiSTha khAdyAnna, miSTAnna tathA naivedya the, kintu dUsaroM ko rAjA banAne meM samartha the / ye rAjA arpaNa karane caahie| vratI zivapUjana ke pazcAt AcArya ke abhiSeka meM sahAyatA karate the| zatapatha brA0 meM sUta, ko hAra, mukuTa, karadhanI, karNAbharaNa, aMgUThiyA~, hAthI grAmaNI (grAmapramukha ) Adi inameM sammilita hai / athavA ghor3e kA dAna de / isa kRtya se vaha asaMkhya varSoM ke rAjasUya tathA rAjyAbhiSeka donoM meM rAjakartA (bahavacana = lie kubera ke samAna pada prApta karane meM samartha hotA hai / rAjakartAraH) kA bar3A mahattva thaa| 'rAjarAja' kA artha hai kubera, jo zivajI ke mitra hai / rAjagRha-gayA jile (bihAra) meM sthita prAcIna tIrtha kadAcit rAjarAjezvara kA artha bhI ziva athavA kubera ho aura rAjA jarAsandha kI rAjadhAnI / yaha sanAtanadharmI, (jo yakSoM ke svAmI hai)| bauddha, jaina tInoM kA puNyasthala hai / pATaliputra kI sthApanA rAjarAjezvarItantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI causaTha tantroM se pUrva rAjagRha hI magadha kI rAjadhAnI thii| puruSottama kI sUcI meM rAjarAjezvarItantra bhI uddhRta hai| mAsa meM bahuta yAtrI yahA~ Ate haiN| yahA~ darzana karane yogya rAjJIsnApana-caitra kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anu ThAna sthAna bhI paryApta haiN| inameM brahmakuNDa, kedAranAtha, sItAkuNDa, hotA hai / kazmIra pradeza meM anumAnataH caitra kRSNa paJcamI se vaitaraNI, vAnarIkuNDa, sonabhaNDAra Adi prasiddha hai| bhUmi kA 'rajasvalAvrata' rakhA jAtA hai / usake bAda pratyeka rAjanyabandhu-rAjanyabandhu kA artha rAjanya hI hai kintu ghara meM sadhavA mahilAe~ puSpoM aura candana ke pralepa se bhUmi mUlyAMkana meM rAjanyabandhu rAjanya se ghaTakara hai| zatapatha kA mArjana-zodhana karatI haiN| usake pazcAt brAhmaNa loga brA0 meM janaka ko rAjanyabandhu kahA gayA hai, jinhoMne sauSadhimizrita jala se bhUmi kA siMcana karate haiN| brAhmaNoM ko zAstrArtha meM harA diyA thaa| pravAhaNa jaivali rAjyadvAdazIvrata-mArgazIrSa zukla kI dazamI ko isa vrata ko bhI bRha0 upa0 meM rAjanyabandhu kahA gayA hai| zata- kA saMkalpa lenA cAhie tathA ekAdazI ko upavAsa karate / ka eka Ara pAracchada (10.5.2.10 ) meM, jahA~ hue viSNu kA pUjana karanA caahie| acche khAdyAnnoM se puruSoM ke striyoM se alaga khAne kI carcA hai, rAjanya- homa karanA caahie| isa vrata meM rAtri ko jAgaraNa kA bandhu ko taba taka ghRNAtmaka nahIM darzAyA gayA hai jaba taka vidhAna hai| nRtya tathA gIta isa avasara para avazya hone ki vAstava meM koI brAhmaNa kisI rAjakumAra ke prati ghRNA cAhie / eka varSa taka isakA AcaraNa karanA caahie| na vyakta kare / phira cAroM vargoM ke varNana meM ( zata0 1.1. samasta dvAdaziyoM ko pUrNa rUpa se mauna dhAraNa karanA 4.12 ) vaizya ko rAjanyabandhu ke pahale sthAna prApta hai jo cAhie / kRSNa pakSa kI dvAdazI ko bhI usI prakAra ke vicitra hai / aisA lagatA hai ki rAjanya (kSatriya ) ke ve vidhi-vidhAnoM kA pAlana karanA cAhie, kevala bhagavAn

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548 rAjyavrata-rANAyanIya kI pUjA ko chor3akara, jo raktima vastra dhAraNa karane ke rAjya-(1) atharvaveda tathA paravartI granthoM meM niyamita uparAnta hogii| isa avasara para jalAye jAne vAle dIpakoM rUpa se isakA artha 'sAmrAjyazakti' athavA 'prabhutA' hai| meM tela bharanA cAhie, ghI nhiiN| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se zatapatha brA0 ke anusAra brAhmaNa isake adhikAra ke andara vratI ghATiyoM kA rAjA hotA hai| vaha tIna varSoM meM nahIM Ate aura rAjasUya yajJa meM rAjA kA pada bar3ha jAtA maNDalezvara (prAntIya rAjyapAla ) tathA 12 varSoM meM pUrNa thaa| vAjapeya yajJa meM samrAT kA pada ucca hotA thaa| rAjA bana jAtA hai| etadartha samrAT rAjA se zreSTha hotA thaa| rAjasUya yajJa ke rAjyavrata-jyeSTha zukla tRtIyA ko vAyu, sUrya tathA candramA varNana ke sambandha meM zatapatha brAhmaNa rAjya, sAmrAjya, kA pUjana karanA cAhie / kisI pavitra sthala para prAtaH bhaujya, svArAjya, vairAjya, pArameSThaya tathA mAhArAjya kAla vAyu kA pUjana karanA cAhie, madhyAhna kAla meM Adi zabdoM kA prayoga karatA hai / ye rAjya ke kaI agni meM sUryopAsanA tathA jala meM sUryAsta ke samaya candro- prakAra the| pAsanA karanI cAhie / eka varSa taka isa vrata kA (2) rAjya ke kartavyoM meM dharma kA saMsthApana mukhya anuSThAna honA cAhie / isa AcaraNa se vratI ko svarga hai / kauTilya ne rAjya (rAjA) ke isa kartavya para bar3A kI prApti hotI hai| yadi isakA AcaraNa lagAtAra tIna bala diyA haivarSoM taka kiyA jAya to hajAroM varSa taka svarga meM nivAsa tasmAtsvadharmabhUtAnAM rAjA na vyabhicArayet / hotA hai| svadharma saMdadhAno hi pretya ceha ca nandati / / rAjyAptisaptamI-kArtika zukla dazamI ko isa vrata kA vyavasthitAryamaryAdaH kRtavarNAzramasthitiH / prArambha hotA hai| vizvedevoM ( kratu, dakSa Adi ) ke rUpa trayyA hi rakSito lokaH prasIdati na sIdati // meM bhagavAn kezava kA maNDala banAkara yA ( svarNa yA rajata [rAjA isa bAta ko dekhe ki prajA apane svadharma se vicakI) mUrti rUpa meM sthApita kara pUjana karanA cAhie / lita to nahIM ho rahI hai| isa kartavya kA pAlana karatA varSa ke anta meM svarNa kA dAna karanA cAhie / isase haA rAjA isa loka aura paraloka meM sukhI rahatA hai / jaba viSNuloka kI prApti hotI hai| isake anantara vratI rAjya ( loka ) meM Arya maryAdA suvyavasthita rahatI hai, sarvottama brAhmaNoM se yukta rAjya kA rAjA ho jAtA hai| varNAzrama dharma kA ThIka-ThIka pAlana hotA hai aura dharmazAstra rAjazekharavilAsa-vIrazaiva mata sambandhI yaha kannaDa bhASA ( trayI ) meM vihita niyamoM se deza surakSita rahatA hai taba kA prasiddha grantha hai| isake racayitA SaDakSaradeva haiM / racanA prajA prasanna rahatI hai aura kabhI kleza ko nahIM prApta kAla 16vIM zatAbdI hai| hotii|] rAjasUya-vedakAlIna somayajJa / paravartI sAhitya meM yaha rANaka-karmamImAMsA ke AcArya somezvarakRta 'nyAyasudhA rAjanItika yajJa athavA rAjAoM kA abhiSeka saMskAra AbhaSaka saskAra kA hI anya nAma 'rANaka' hai| isakA racanAkAla 1400 mAnA gayA hai| sUtroM meM isakA vizada varNana hai kintu I0 ke lagabhaga hai| brAhmaNoM meM isakI mukhya rUparekhA prApta hotI hai| yajurveda- rANAyanIya-sAmaveda saMhitA ke tIna saMskaraNa pAye jAte saMhitA meM isameM prayoga kiye jAne vAle mantra surakSita haiN| hai-(1) kauthamI (2) jaiminIya tathA ( 3 ) rANArAjasUya kI mukhya kriyAe~ nimnAMkita thIM: yanIya / rANAyanIya kA pracAra mahArASTra meM hai / isa zAkhA rAjA ko usake padAnusAra vastrAbhUSaNoM se susajjita kI bhI upazAkhAeM batAyI jAtI haiM; rANAyanIya, zAkSayakiyA jAtA thA tathA use samrAcihna dhanuSa-bANa diye ___NIya, satyamudgala, mudgala, marAsvanva, dAGgana, kauthuma, jAte the / vaha abhiSiJcita hotA thA, kisI rAjanya ke gautama aura jaiminIya / rANAyanIya saMhitA meM pUrvAcika sAtha kRtrima yuddha karatA thaa| vaha AkAza meM Upara uchala- evaM uttarAcika do viSaya haiN| pUrvAcika meM grAmageyagAna kara apane ko ekachatra zAsaka pradarzita karatA thaa| phira aura araNyagAna do vibhAga haiN| uttarAcika meM UhagAna vyAghracarma para caraNa rakhatA aura isa prakAra siMha sadRza tathA uhyagAna, do vibhAga haiN| isa saMhitA meM jitane maMtra zakti tathA mahattva prApta karatA thaa| haiM, pATha bheda ke sAtha sabhI Rgveda meM prApta hote haiM /

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rAtri-rAdhAsudhAnidhi 549 rAtri-Rgveda ( 10.70.6) meM rAtri evaM uSA ko nimbArka mata ke anuyAyI the| phira bhI gItagovinda meM agni kA rUpa kahA gayA hai / ve eka yugma devatva kI rAdhA preyasI hai, jabaki nimbArka rAdhA ko kRSNa kI racanA karatI haiN| donoM AkAza (svarga) kI bahina svakIyA patnI mAnate haiN| yadyapi rAdhA-sampradAya ke tathA Rta kI mAtA haiM / rAtri ke lie kevala eka RcA paryApta pramANa prApta nahIM hote hai, kintu anumAna hai ( 10.12.7 ) / lagAyA jAtA hai ki bhAgavata purANa ke AdhAra para vRndAmaikaDaoNnela ke anusAra rAtri ko andhakAra kA prati- vana meM rAdhA kI pUjA 1100 I0 ke lagabhaga Arambha yogI rUpa mAnakara 'camakIlI rAta' kahA gayA hai / isa huI / phira yaha baMgAla tathA anya pradezoM meM phailI / isa prakAra prakAzapUrNa rAtri ghane andhakAra ke virodha meM khar3I anumAna ko aitihAsika tathya mAna leM to jayadeva kI hotI hai| rAdhA sambandhI kavitA tathA nimbArka evaM viSNusvAmI rAdhA-mahAbhArata meM kRSNa kI kathA ke sAtha rAdhA kA sampradAyoM kA rAdhAvAda spaSTa rUpa se samajhA jA sakatA ullekha nahIM huA hai / na to bhAgavata gaNa aura na mAdhva hai| taba yaha sambhava hai ki nimbArka ne apane rAdhAvAda hI rAdhA ko mAnyatA dete haiM / ve bhAgavata purANa ke bAhara ko vRndAvana meM vikasita usa samaya kiyA ho jaba nahIM jAte haiN| kintu sabhI paravartI sampradAya, jo anya viSNusvAmI apane siddhAnta kA dakSiNa meM pracAra kara rahe kucha mahApurANoM ko mahattva dete haiM, rAdhA ko mAnyatA ___ hoN| de0 'rAdhAvallabhIya' / dete haiN| rAdhAvallabha (sampradAya)-(rAdhA ke priya) kRSNa kA upAbhAgavata purANa meM eka gopI kA kRSNa itanA sammAna saka eka premamArgI sampradAya, jisakI sthApanA devabanda karate haiM ki usake sAtha akele ghUmate haiM tathA anya (sahAranapura) ke pUrvanivAsI gosvAmI harivaMzajI ne vRndAgopiyA~ usake isa bhAgya ko dekhakara yaha anumAna karatI vana meM kii| hai ki usa gopI ne pUrva janma meM adhika bhakti se kRSNa kI rAdhAvallabhIya-gosvAmI harivaMza upanAma hitajI Arambha ArAdhanA kI hogii| yahI vaha srota hai jisase rAdhA nAma meM mAdhvoM tathA nimbArkI ke ghaniSTha samparka meM the| kintu kI utpatti hotI hai / yaha zabda 'rAdh' dhAtu se nirmita hai, unhoMne apanA nayA sampradAya san 1585 I0 meM sthApita jisakA artha hai soca-vicAra karanA, saMpanna karanA, Ananda kiyA, jise rAdhAvallabhIya kahate hai| isa sampradAya kA yA prakAza denaa| isa prakAra rAdhA 'ujjvala Ananda dene sabase pramukha mandira vRndAvana meM vartamAna hai, jo rAdhA ke vAlI' hai| isakA prathama kahA~ ullekha huA, yaha khnaa| vallabha (priya) kRSNa kA mandira hai / saMsthApaka ke tIna grantha kaThina hai| eka vidvAn ke mata se rAdhA kA prathama upalabdha hote haiM-rAdhAsudhAnidhi ( 170 saMskRta chandoM ullekha 'gopAlatApanIyopaniSad' meM huA hai jahA~ 'rAdhA' meM), caurAsI pada tathA sphuTa pada (hindo)| isa prakAra kA varNana hai aura vaha sabhI rAdhA-upAsaka sampradAyoM hitajI aise bhakta haiM jo rAdhA ko kRSNa se ucca sthAna dvArA AdRta hai / AcArya nimbArka kA sampradAya rAdhA ko dete haiM / sampradAya ke eka sadasya kA mata hai ki kRSNa rAdhA sarvaprathama aura sarvopari mAnyatA detA hai| viSNusvAmI ke sevaka yA dAsa hai, ve saMsAra kI surakSA kA kAma kara saMpradAya bhI rAdhA ko svIkAra karatA hai / paramparAgata sakate haiM, kintu rAdhA rAnI jaisI baiThI rahatI haiM / ve (kRSNa) madhva, viSNusvAmI, phira nimbArka kramabaddha bhAgavata vaiSNavoM rAdhA ke maMtrI haiN| rAdhAvallabhIya bhakta rAdhA kI pUjAke AcArya haiM / madhva rAdhA kA varNana nahIM karate / viSNu- ArAdhanA dvArA kRSNa kI kRpA prApta karanA apanA lakSya svAmI-sAhitya bahuta kucha madhva se milatA-julatA hai, jaba mAnate haiN| ki nimbArka ne rAdhA ko vizeSatA dekara nayA upAsanA- rAdhASTamI-bhAdrapada mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI aSTamI ko krama calAyA / madhva ke pUrva uttara bhArata meM rAdhA sambandhI rAdhA aSTamI kahate haiM / rAdhA bhAdrapada mAsa ke zukla pakSa meM gIta gAye jAte the tathA unakI pUjA bhI hotI thI, saptamI ko utpanna huI thiiN| aSTamI ko rAdhA kA pUjana kyoMki jayadeva kA gItagovinda bArahavIM zatAbdI ke anta karane se aneka gambhIra pApa naSTa ho jAte hai| kI racanA hai| baMgAla meM mAnA jAtA hai ki jayadeva rAdhAsudhAnidhi-rAdhAvallabhIya sampradAya kA eka stotra

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550 rAdhAsvAmI mata-rAma grantha / yaha saMskRta kA padyAtmaka madhura kAvya hai jisameM rAdhA- udAsInatA avazya hai / yaha sudhAravAdI sampradAya hai / jI kI prArthanA kI gayI hai / de0 'raadhaavllbhiiy'| rAdhAsvAmI pantha kevala nirguNa yogamArga kA sAdhaka kahA rAdhAsvAmI mata-upanAma 'santamata' / isake pravartaka hujUra jA sakatA hai / rAdhAsvAmI dayAla the, jinheM AdarArtha svAmIjI mahArAja rAma-viSNu ke bhaktoM ko vaiSNava kahate haiM, sAtha hI viSNu kahA jAtA thaa| janmanAma zivadayAlusiMha thaa| inakA ke do avatAroM ( rAma tathA kRSNa ) ke prati bhakti rakhane janma khatrI vaMza meM AgarA ke mahallA pannIgalI meM vikrama vAle bhI vaiSNava dharmAvalambI hI mAne jAte haiM / rAma samprasaM0 1875 kI bhAdrapada kRSNa aSTamI ko 12 // baje rAta dAya Adhunika bhArata ke pratyeka kone meM vyApta ho rahA hai| meM huA / chaH sAta varSa kI avasthA se hI ye kucha vizeSa vAlmIki rAmAyaNa meM rAma kA aizvarya svarUpa tathA caritra logoM ko paramArtha kA upadeza dene lge| inhoMne kisI bahuta hI ucca tathA Adarza naitikatA se bharapUra hai / paraguru se dIkSA nahIM lI, hRdaya meM apane Apa paramArthajJAna __vartI kaviyoM, purANoM aura vizeSa kara bhavabhUti ( AThavIM kA udaya huaa| 15 varSoM taka lagAtAra ye apane ghara kI __zatAbdI kA prathamArddha) ke do saMskRta nATakoM ne rAma ke bhItarI koTharI meM baiThakara 'surata zabdayoga' kA abhyAsa karate caritra ko aura adhika vyApti pradAna kii| isa prakAra rahe / bahuta se premI satsaMgiyoM ke anurodha aura binatI para rAmAyaNa ke nAyaka ko bhAratIya jana ne viSNu ke avatAra Apane saMvat 1917 kI vasantapaJcamI se sArvajanika upa- kI mAnyatA pradAna kii| isa bAta kA ThIka pramANa nahIM deza denA prArambha kiyA aura taba se 17 varSa taka lagAtAra hai ki rAma ko viSNu kA avatAra kaba mAnA gayA, kintu satsaGga jArI rahA / isa avadhi meM deza-dezAntara ke bahuta kAlidAsa ke raghuvaMza kAvya se spaSTa hai ki IsA kI Arase hindU, kucha musalamAna, kucha jaina, koI-koI IsAI, saba mbhika zatAbdiyoM meM yaha mAnyatA ho cukI thii| vAyumilakara lagabhaga 3000 strI-puruSoM ne santamata yA rAdhA- purANa meM rAma ke daivI guNoM kA varNana hai| 1014 I0 meM svAmI paMtha kA upadeza liyaa| inameM do-tIna sau ke amitagati nAmaka jaina lekhaka ne rAma kA sarvajJa, sarvavyApta lagabhaga sAdhu the| svAmIjI mahArAja 60 varSa kI ava- aura rakSaka rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| sthA meM saM0 1935 vi0 meM rAdhAsvAmI loka ko padhAre / yadyapi rAma kA devatva mAnya ho cukA thA parantu rAmaApa kA sthAna 'hujUra mahArAja' rAya sAligarAma bahA upAsaka koI sampradAya isa dIrgha kAla meM thA, isa bAta dura mAthura ne liyA, jo pahale uttara-pradeza ke posTamAsTara kA pramANa nahIM miltaa| kintu yaha mAnanA par3egA ki janarala the| inhIM ke gurubhAI jayamalasiMha ne byAsa 11vIM zatAbdI ke bAda rAmasampradAya kA Arambha ho (paMjAba ) meM, bAbA baggAsiMha ne taranatArana meM aura cukA thaa| terahavIM zatAbdI meM utpanna madhva, jo eka bAbA garIbadAsa ne dillI meM alaga-alaga gaddiyA~ sthapita vaiSNava sampradAya ke sthApaka the, himAlaya ke badarikAzrama kI / parantu mukhya gaddI Agare meM taba taka rahI jaba taka se rAma kI mUrti lAye, tathA apane ziSya naraharitIrtha ko hujUra mahArAja sadguru rhe| inake bAda mahArAja sAhaba ur3IsA kI jagannAtha purI se rAma kI Adi mUrti lAne ko paMDita brahmazaMkara mizra gaddI ke uttarAdhikArI hue| inake bhejA (lagabhaga 1264 I0 meN)| hemAdri (terahavIM zatAbdI ke pazcAt zrI kAmatAprasAda sinhA upanAma sarakAra sAhaba uttarArddha ) ne rAmajanmotsava kA varNana karate hue usakI gAjIpura meM rahe aura buAjI sAhibA svAmIbAga kI dekha tithi caitra zukla navamI kA ullekha kiyA hai| Aja bhArata rekha karatI rhiiN| sarakAra sAhaba ke uttarAdhikArI sara ke pratyeka nAgarika kI jihvA para rAmanAma vyApta hai, AnandasvarUpa 'sAhabajI mahArAja' hae jinhoMne AgarA cAhe vaha kisI bhI varga, jAti yA sampradAya kA ho / jaba meM dayAlabAga kI sthApanA kii| do vyakti milate haiM to eka-dUsare kA svAgata 'rAma rAma' isa prakAra pantha kI sthApanA ke 70 varSoM ke bhItara kahakara karate haiN| baccoM ke nAmoM meM 'rAma' kA sarvAdhika mukhya gaddI ke atirikta sAta gaddiyA~ aura cala pdd'ii| isa prayoga bhArata meM huA hai| mRtyukAla tathA dAhasaMskAra para pantha meM jAti-pAti kA bandhana nahIM hai / hindU saMskRti kA rAma kA hI smaraNa hotA hai / virodha athavA bahiSkAra to nahIM hai, parantu usakI ora se rAmabhakti se sambandha rakhanevAlA sAhitya paravartI hai /

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rAmottaratApanIya upaniSad rAmacaritamAnasa rAmapUjA ke aneka paddhatigranya hai| sAtvata saMhitA inameM se eka hai / adhyAtmarAmAyaNa meM jIvAtmA evaM rAma kA tAdAtmya sambandha dikhAyA gayA hai| isakA 15vA~ prakaraNa 'rAmagItA' hai| bhAvArtha rAmAyaNa ekAnAtha nAmaka mahArASTrIya bhaktaracita 16vIM zatAbdI kA grantha hai| madrAsa se eka anya rAmagItA prakAzita huI hai jo bahuta hI Adhunika hai| isake pAtra rAma aura hanumAn haiM tathA isameM 108 upaniSadoM kI sAmagrI kA upayoga huA hai / rAma sampradAya kA mahAn ucca grantha hai rAmacaritamAnasa jise vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa ke hindI pratirUpa gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne prastuta kiyA hai / bhagavadgItA tathA bhAgavata purANa jaise kRSNasampradAya ke jaise lie haiM, vaise hI tulasIdAsakRta rAmacaritamAnasa tathA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa rAmasampradAya ke lie pArAyaNa grantha haiM / rAmAnujAcArya kI paramparA meM svAmI rAmAnanda ne 14vIM zatAbdI meM 'rAmAvata' upanAmaka rAmasampradAya kI sthApanA kI / kI hadAsa nAmaka eka santa ne rAmAnanda se alaga hokara 'khAkI' sampradAya pracalita kiyaa| de0 'zrIrAma' / rAmottaratApanIya upaniSad - rAma sampradAya kI yaha upaniSad prAcIna upaniSadoM ke paricchedoM ke gaThana se banI hai| aura paravartI kAla kI hai| rAmakRSNa - ( 1 ) karmamImAMsA ke eka AcArya ( 1600 vi0) jinhoMne pArthasArathi mizra dvArA racita 'zAstradIpikA' kI 'siddhAntacandrikA' nAmaka TIkA likhI / (2) vidyAraNya ke eka ziSya kA nAma bhI rAmakRSNa thA, jinhoMne 'paJcadazI' kI TIkA lilI / rAmakRSNa dIkSita lATyAyana zrautasUtra ( sAmaveda ) ke eka bhASyakAra / sAmamantroM para jo sAmaveda kA vyAkaraNa grantha hai aura jisakA eka nAma 'sAmalakSaNam prAtizAkhya- sUtram' bhI hai, usa para rAmakRSNa dIkSita ne vRtti likhI hai| rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa kalakattA ke nikaTastha dakSiNezvara ke svAmI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa prasiddha zAkta mahAtmA the| inake eka guru totApurI dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM kI zAkhA ke the / ye ucca koTi ke sAdhaka saMta the / kahate haiM ki svayaM bhagavatI durgA ne darzana dekara inako kRtArtha kiyA thaa| inake nAma ko amara kiyA inake yogya ziSya svAmI vivekAnanda ne inake prayatnoM ke phalasvarUpa rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ke nAma 551 para na kevala bhAratavyApI varan vizvavyApI 'mizana' kAryarata hai jo anekAneka kSetroM meM, deza va videzoM meM apanI sevAe~ vitarita kara rahA hai| isa mizana kI dekha-rekha meM zaikSaNika saMsthAe~, auSadhAlaya, pustakAlaya, anAthAlaya evaM sAdhanAzrama, maTha Adi cala rahe haiN| rAmakRSNa - mahArASTra ke bhAgavata loga Aja bhI prAcIna bhAgavata mantra 'om namo bhagavate vAsudevAya' kA prayoga karate haiM, jabaki sArvajanika prayoga meM viSNusvAmI mantra 'rAma kRSNa hari' hI pracalita hai / rAmagItA de0 'rAma' | rAmacandra gRhyasUtra paddhati - rAmacandra nAmaka eka vidvAn ne naimiSAraNya meM rahakara zAMkhAyanagRhyasUtra kA eka bhAgya racA hai| ise rAmacandragRhyasUtra paddhati kahate haiM / rAmacandratIrtha - AnandatIrtha (vaiSNavAcArya madhyameveda saMhitA ke kucha aMzoM kA zlokabaddha bhASya kiyA thaa| rAmacandratIrya ne usa bhASya kI TIkA likhI hai / rAmacandra dolotsava - caitra zukla tRtIyA ko isa utsava kA vidhAna hai| rAmacandrajI kI pratimA jhUle meM virAjamAna kara use eka mAsa taka jhulAnA caahie| jo loga rAma kI pratimA ko jhUlA jhUlate hue dekhate haiM unake sahasroM janma ke pApa naSTa ho jAte haiM / rAmacarana - kavIra kI zikSAoM se prabhAvita hokara aneka choTe-moThe sampradAya sthApita hue| inameM 'rAmasanehI' sampradAya bhI eka hai / isake saMsthApaka the mahAtmA rAmacarana, jinakA sthitikAla 18vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArdha kahA jAtA hai / rAmacarana ne apanI zikSAoM aura bhajanoM kA saMgraha 'bAnI' nAma se likhA hai| rAmacaritamAnasa yaha rAmasampradAya kA pavitra paThanIya aura prAmANika grantha hai| isakI racanA lagabhaga 1584 I0 meM kAzI meM gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne kii| isakI bhASA avadhI hai, kintu isa para vrajabhASA aura bhojapurI kA bhI prabhAva hai / isakI adhikAMza sAmagrI vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa se lI gayI hai parantu isa grantha meM bhAratIya paramparA kA sArAMza saMgRhota aura pratipAdita hai / rAmacaritamAnasa meM nibandha rUpa se bhagavAn rAma kA caritra varNita hai / isameM sAta sopAna athavA kANDa haiM( 1 ) bAlakANDa ( 2 ) ayodhyAkANDa ( 3 ) araNya - kANDa ( 4 ) kiSkindhAkANDa (5) sundarakANDa

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552 rAmajayantI-rAmanavamI (6) laMkAkANDa (7) uttarakANDa / rAmacaritamAnasa vedAntasAra ke praNetA svAmI sadAnanda solahavIM zatAbdI mUlataH kAvya hai kintu isakA uddezya hai bhAratIya dharma aura meM vartamAna the| nRsiMha sarasvatI ne saM0 1598 vikramI darzana kA pratipAdana karanA / isalie isameM ucca dArza- meM vedAntasAra kI pahalI TIkA likhI thI, rAmatIrtha nika vicAra, dhArmika jIvana aura siddhAnta-varNAzrama, unake paravartI the| ataH unakA sthitikAla satrahavIM avatAra, brahmanirUpaNa aura brahmasAdhanA, saguNa-nirguNa, zatAbdI honA caahie| unake guru svAmI kRSNatIrtha the / mUrtipUjA, devapUjA, go-brAhmaNa rakSA, vedamArga kA maNDana, svAmI rAmatIrtha ne 'saMkSepazArIraka' ke Upara 'anvayArtha avaidika aura svacchanda panthoM kI AlocanA, kuzAsana kI prakAzikA' evaM zaGkarAcAryakRta 'vedAntasAra' para 'vidvanmanonindA, kaliyuganindA, rAmarAjya kI prazaMsA Adi viSayoM raJjinI' nAma kI TIkA likhI hai| isake atirikta kA sundara pratipAdana huA hai| isI prakAra pArivArika unhoMne eka TIkA maitrAyaNI upaniSad para bhI likhI hai / sambandha aura prema, pAtivrata, patnIvrata, sAmAjika vyavahAra, (2) adhyAtma jJAna aura tyAga-vairAgya ke lie naitika Adarza Adi kA vivecana bhI isameM yatra-tatra bharA prasiddha Adhunika kAla ke eka Adarza saMnyAsI / ye paMjAba par3A hai| madhyayuga meM jaba cAroM ora se hindU dharma ke meM utpanna aura tIrtharAma nAma se prasiddha gaNita ke Upara vipattiyoM ke bAdala chAye hue the aura veda tathA ____ adhyApaka the| virakta avasthA meM ye rAmatIrtha yA 'rAma zAstroM kA adhyayana zithila par3a gayA thA, taba isa eka bAdazAha' kahalAte the| deza-videza meM paryaTana karate hue grantha ne uttara bhArata meM hindU dharma ko sajIva aura anta meM ye uttarAkhaNDa meM tapasyA karane lage aura isI krama anuprANita rakhA / lokabhASA meM hone se sarvasAdhAraNa para meM gaMgApravAha meM brahmalIna ho gye| isakA prabhAva vyApaka rUpa se pdd'aa| mahAbhArata kI taraha rAmadAsa-(1) mahArASTra ke bhaktoM meM prasiddha saMta, rAmAisa grantha ne bhI eka prakAra se saMhitA kA rUpa dhAraNa nandI mata se prabhAvita aura kavi mahAtmA nArAyaNa hue| kiyaa| dhArmika aura sAmAjika viSayoM para yaha udAharaNa pIche inakA nAma samartha rAmadAsa pdd'aa| sthitikAla kA kAma dene lgaa| isakI lokapriyatA kA rahasya thA 1608 se 1681 I0 taka thaa| inakI kavitA sAmAnya isakI samanvaya kI nIti / isalie sabhI dhArmika sampradAyoM logoM dvArA utanI grAhya nahIM haI, jitanI vicArazIla ne isakA Adara kiyaa| isa eka grantha ne jitanA loka- jJAniyoM dvArA Adata huii| 1650 I0 ke bAda mahArAja maGgala kiyA hai utanA bahuta se pantha aura sampradAya bhii| zivAjI para inakA bar3A prabhAva ho gayA thaa| 'dAsabodha' milakara nahIM kara paaye| nAmaka inakI pustaka dhArmika se adhika dArzanika hai| rAmajayantI-bhagavAn rAma kA janma caitra zukla navamI ko rAmadAsI nAmaka eka laghu sampradAya inake nAma se pracalita huA thA, isalie yaha jayantI caitra zukla navamI ko manAyI hai / isakA apanA sAmpradAyika cihna tathA pavitra mantra hai| jAtI hai| isa avasara para vrata, pUjA, kIrtana, maGgala- kendra hai isakA satArA ke nikaTa sajjanagar3ha, jahA~ rAmadAsavAdya, nAca, gAna Adi hotA hai| jI kI samAdhi, rAmacandrajI kA mandira evaM rAmadAsI rAmaTeka-vanavAsa ke samaya rAma ke Tikane kA sthAna yA maTha hai / vahA~ isa sampradAya ke aneka sAdhu rahate haiM / par3Ava / yaha eka tIrtha hai| nAgapura se rAmaTeka sTezana (2) sikkhoM ke dasa guruoM meM se tIsare guru rAmadAsa 26 mIla hai| vahA~ se bastI eka mIla hai| pAsa meM rAma- the| ye amaradAsa ke ziSya the| inhoMne aneka pada likhe haiM giri nAmaka parvata hai| Upara zrIrAmamandira hai| sAmane jo 'grantha sAhaba' meM saMgRhIta hai / varAha bhagavAn kI mUrti hai| do mIla para rAmasAgara rAmadAsI paMtha-de0 'rAmadAsa' / tathA ambAsAgara nAmaka do pavitra sarovara haiN| inake rAmanavamI-caitra zukla navamI ko rAmanavamI kahate haiM / kinAre kaI mandira haiN| rAmaTeka meM eka jainamandira bhI isI dina bhagavAna rAma kA janma huA thaa| isa dina hai| kucha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki kAlidAsa ke meghadUta kA vaiSNava mandiroM meM rAma kA janmotsava manAyA jAtA hai| rAmagiri yahI hai / de0 mirAzI : 'kAlidAsa' / bahata se tIrthoM meM isa tithi ko melA bhI lagatA hai, ayodhyA rAmatIrtha svAmI-(1) vedAntasAra ke ttiikaakaar| purI meM vizeSa samAroha hotA hai|

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rAmanAtha zeva- rAmarAjya rAmanAtha zeva tripurA grAmavAsI paM0 rAmanAtha vigranthavizArada ne sandehabhUmikA nAmaka eka pustaka likhI hai / zivapurANa kI viSayasUcI kA yaha eka mAtra sAdhana hai / rAmanAmale banavata - isa vrata kA prArambha rAmanavamI ko athavA kisI bhI dina kiyA jA sakatA hai / zrI rAma kA nAma eka lakSa yA eka koTi bAra likhA jAtA hai / rAma ke nAma kA eka bhI akSara mahApAtakoM ko naSTa karane meM samartha hai (ekaikamakSaraM puMsAM mahApAtakanAzanam) | isa vrata ke anusAra likhita rAmanAma kA SoDazopacAra pUjana karanA caahie| rAma ke nAma meM adbhuta camakAra bhare hue haiM, isa kAraNa 108 yA 1000 bAra rAmanAmajapane kA pracalana ho gayA hai / de0 vratarAja, 330332 / - rAmapUrvatApanIyopaniSad - isa upaniSad ke paryAlocana se jAna par3atA hai ki isakI racanA ke samaya yA isase pUrva rAmopAsaka sampradAya pracalita thaa| isameM rAma ko avatArabrahma mAnA gayA hai tathA "rAM rAmAya namaH" yaha mantra kahA gayA hai| isameM eka rahasyamaya yantra bhI aMkita hai jo mukti tathA AnandadAyaka kahA gayA hai / eka pavitra zabda bhI likhA gayA hai, jo pavitra mantra kA vAhaka hai| rAmabhakta - tamila deza meM Aja koI viziSTa rAmabhakta sampradAya nahIM hai, kintu vahA~ ' rAmabhaktoM' arthAt sAdhuoM kI bharamAra hai, jo rAma ke bhajana dhyAna se hI mukti prApti kA vizvAsa karate haiN| ye vahA~ ke prAcIna rAmabhakta sampradAya ke avazeSa haiM / rAma bhArgavAvatAra - aitareya brAhmaNa meM rAma bhArgavAvatAra kA varNana hai| purANoM ke anusAra rAma ( bhArgava ) viSNu ke prasiddha avatAroM meM se haiM, jo parazurAma bhI kaha lAte haiM / rAma mizra zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke eka AcArya jo nAtha muni ke praziSya tathA puNDarIkAkSa ke ziSya the / rAma mizra ke upadeza ke prabhAva se yAmunAcArya rAjasammAna chor3akara raGganAthajI ke sevaka ho gaye the / eka taraha se saMnyAsI yAmunAcArya ke ye guru the / rAmamizra ke bAre meM vizeSa bAteM nahIM jJAta haiM / - rAmamohana rAya - baGgAla ke prakANDa vidvAn, sudhAraka aura brahmasamAja ke Adi pravartaka saM0 1805 vi0 meM eka brAhmaNa jamIMdAra ke ghara hugalI jile ke rAdhAnagara meM 70 553 rAjA rAmamohana rAya kA janma huaa| Arambha meM inakI zikSA paTanA meM arabI-phArasI ke mAdhyama se huI islAma kA ina para bar3A prabhAva par3A, phira inhoMne kAzI meM saMskRta kA pUrA adhyayana kiyaa| eka ora vedAntadarzana kA adhyayana tathA dUsarI ora mUphI mata kA adhyayana karane ke phalasvarUpa ye brahmavAdI ho gaye, mUrtipUjA ke virodhI to prArambha se hI the / bAIsa varSa kI avasthA se aMgrejI par3hakara ye IsAiyoM ke samparka meM A gaye / IsAI dharma ke mUla tattva ko samajhane ke lie inhoMne yUnAnI aura ibrAnI bhASAe~ par3hIM aura IsAiyoM ke tritvavAda aura avatAravAda kA khaNDana kiyaa| anta meM jAti-pAMti, mUrtipUjA, bahudevavAda, avatAravAda Adi hindU mantavyoM ke viruddha pracAra karane aura eka brahma kI upAsanA karane ke lie saM0 1885 vi0 ke bhAdrapada mAsa meM inhoMne 'brahmasamAja' kI sthApanA kii| pahale isa saMsthA meM rAmamohana rAya sAdhAraNa sadasya kI taraha sammilita hue / vAstava meM ye hI usake prANa the| tIna varSa pazcAt ye dillI ke bAdazAha kI ora se rAjA kI upAdhi aura dautya karma kA adhikAra lekara iMglaiMDa gye| vahIM saM0 1890 vi0 kI Azvina zukla caturdazI ko jvaragrasta hokara brisTala meM zarIra chodd'aa| isI nagara meM unakI samAdhi banI huI hai| rAmaraMjA paMtha - sikkhoM meM sahijadhArI aura siMha do sampradAya haiM / inake bhI aneka paMtha haiM / sahijadhAriyoM ke cha: paMtha haiM tathA siMhoM ke tIna / rAmaraMjA paMtha sahijadhAriyoM kI eka zAkhA hai / isa paMtha ke calAne vAle guru hararAya ke putra rAmarAya the | rAmarAjya - hindU rAjanIti meM rAma ko Adarza rAjA evaM veNa ko adhama mAnA gayA hai| Aja bhI acchI rAjavyavasthA ke lie 'rAmarAjya' zabda kA prayoga hotA hai| mahAtmA gAndhI usI rAmarAjya kI kalpanA bhAratIyoM ke samakSa rakhA karate the / saMkSepa meM rAmarAjya kI kalpanA gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ne rAmacaritamAnasa rAmAyaNa meM isa prakAra kI hai : bhautika tApA / daihika daivika rAmarAjya sapanehu~ nahi vyApA // [ rAma ke rAjya meM daihika, daivika tathA bhautika tInoM

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554 prakAra ke duHkha kisI ko svapna meM bhI nahIM hue / ] pUre vivaraNa ke lie de0 rAmacaritamAnasa, uttara kANDa / rAmarAva zivakhoM ke guru hararAya ke putra kA nAma rAmarAya thaa| inhoMne rAmaraMjA paMtha (sahijacAriyoM kI eka zAkhA ) calAyA / dekhie 'rAmaraMjA / ' rAmalIlA rAmAyaNakathA kA nATakIya rUpa / uttara bhArata ke pramukha gAMvoM tathA nagaroM meM zAradIya durgotsava ke samaya rAmalIlA pradarzita hotI hai| rAmalIlA kA pracalana gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI ne prArambha kiyA thaa| isameM rAmAyaNa ke murUpa-mukhya sthala rAmajanma, yajJarakSA, svayaMvara, vanagamana, sUrpaNakhA nAsikA karttana, sItAharaNa, rAma sugrIva-maitrI sItA kI khoja, rAma-rAvaNa yuddha, bharatamilApa, rAmarAjasiMhAsanaprApti Adi dRzya nATa kIya DhaMga se dikhAye jAte hai| samasta bhArata meM kAzI evaM rAmanagara kI rAmalIlAyeM prasiddha haiN| rAmalIlA kI pratyeka ghaTanA ke pradarzana ke lie yahA~ alaga-alaga sthAna bane hue haiN| rAmalIlA kI vyavasthA bhUtapUrva kAzInareza kI ora se hotI hai| 1 rAmavijaya - mahArASTra bhaktoM meM santa zrIdhara ( 1679 - 1728 ) bhI prasiddha haiM / inakI lokapriya racanA hai 'rAmavijaya' / rAmasanehI sampradAya isake pravartaka mahAtmA rAmacarana hai / sampradAya kI sthApanA 1650 I0 ke lagabhaga huii| rAmacarana ne aneka bAniyA~ evaM pada race haiN| isa sampradAya ke tIsare guru dUlhArAma ne 10,000 pada evaM 4,000 dohe race the| inake prArthanAmandira rAmadvArA kahalAte haiM jo adhikAMza rAjasthAna meM pAye jAte haiN| pUjA meM gAna tathA zikSA sammilita haiN| inakA mukhya kendra zAhapura hai, kintu ye jayapura, udayapura tathA anya sthAnoM meM bhI rahate haiM / inake anuyAyI gRhasthoM meM nahIM hai| ataeva yaha sampradAya avanati para hai aura kevala kucha sAdhuoM kA varga mAtra raha gayA hai / -- rAmAI paNDita - mayUra bhaTTa kI vyAkhyA meM 'dharma' nAmaka sampradAya kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / yaha sampradAya bauddha tAMtrikavAda kA avazeSa thA / isa sampradAya kA pahalI prApta racanA ' zUnya purANa' hai jisake racayitA rAmAI paNDita haiM / yaha 11vIM zatAbdI kI racanA hai / rAmAI rAmarAya rAmAnanda paNDita ne isameM 'dharma sampradAya' ke dhArmika darzana evaM yajJAdi kA varNana kiyA hai| dekhie 'mayUra bhaTTa / rAmAcArya - mAdhya matAvalambI AcArya vyAsarAja inake guru the / rAmAcArya ne 'taraGgiNI' nAmaka vedAnta vyAkhyA meM apanA kucha paricaya diyA hai| inake vidvAn pitA kA nAma vizvanAtha thA, janma vyAsakula ke upamanyu gotra meM huA thA / ye godAvarI ke taTa para aMdhapura nAmaka gA~va meM rahate the / bar3e bhAI kA nAma nArAyaNAcArya thA / kahate haiM, apane guru kI AjJA se inhoMne madhusUdana sarasvatI kA vidyAziSyatva grahaNa kiyA aura unake advaitamata kA tAtparya jAnakara bAda meM advaitamata kA khaNDana kiyA / isase inakA kAla satrahavIM zatAbdI jJAta hotA hai / inhoMne nyAyAmRta kI TIkA 'taraGgiNI' ke nAma se likhI thI / taraGgiNI se inake apUrva pANDitya kA patA lagatA hai| isameM inhoMne advaita mata kA khaNDana aura mAdhva mata kA pratipAdana kiyA hai / brahmAnanda sarasvatI ne taraGgiNIkAra rAmAcArya ke mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie 'advaitasiddhi' para 'laghucandrikA' nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| rAmAjJApravana - gosvAmI tulasIdAsa kI racanAoM meM eka 'rAmAjJAprazna' bhI hai| yaha padyoM kA saGkalana hai, jisakA prayoga yAtrAraMbha athavA kisI mahatvapUrNa kArya ko Arambha karate samaya zakuna ke rUpa meM karate haiN| isakI sAmagrI rAmacandrajI kA jIvanacarita hai jo sAta kANDoM meM hai / zakuna kA vicAra eka patha ko cunakara ( binA dekhe ) karate haiN| gosvAmIjI ke eka mitra paMDita gaMgArAma jyotiSI kAzI meM prahalAdaghATa para rahA karate the / rAmAjJA prazna unhIM ke anurodha se racita mAnA jAtA hai / rAmAnanda -- uttara bhArata meM rAmabhakti ko vyApaka rUpa dene vAle vaiSNava mahAtmA / inake pUrva aneka vaiSNava bhakta ho cuke haiM, jinameM nAmadeva tathA trilocana mahArASTra prAnta meM evaM sadana tathA benI Adi uttara bhArata meM prasiddha rahe haiN| kintu vAstavika rAmopAsaka sampradAya svAmI rAmAnanda se pracalita mAnA jAtA hai| inakA nAma Adhunika hindU dharma meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai, kintu durbhAgyavaza inake bAre meM bahuta kama vRttAnta jJAta hai| inake jIvanakAla kI vibhinna tithiyA~ prastAvita haiM kintu aba inheM samaya kI nizcita sImA meM bAMdhanA sambhava ho gayA hai| inake eka rAjakulIna ziSya pIpA 1425 I0 meM paidA hue| dUsare

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rAmAnandadivijaya-rAmAnuja ziSya kabIra 1440 se 1518 I0 taka rhe| spaSTa hai ki kabIra rAmAnanda ke sabase pIche ke ziSya nahIM the / ataeva yaha bahuta kucha satya hogA yadi rAmAnanda kA kAla 1400 se 1470 I0 taka mAna liyA jAya / kisI bhI taraha 10 varSa kA heraphera bhUla mAnA jA sakatA hai| janazruti ke anusAra inakA janma prayAga meM huA, kintu naiSThika saMnyAsI ke rUpa meM apane jIvana kA adhikAMza bhAga inhoMne kAzI meM vyatIta kiyaa| sabhI paramparAe~ mAnatI haiM ki ve rAmAnuja sampradAya ke sadasya the tathA unake anuyAyo Aja bhI zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke sAmpradAyika cihna ke vikasita rUpa kA prayoga karate hai / ataH kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakA sambandha zrIsampradAya se bhI thaa| zrIvaiSNava viSNu ke sabhI avatAroM evaM unako patniyoM ( zaktiyoM) ke devatva ko svIkAra karate haiM / parantu kRSNAvatAra ke ati prasiddha aura pUrNa hote hue bhI rAma evaM narasiMha avatAra kA inake bIca adhika Adara hai / isalie yaha dhyAna dene yogya hai ki rAmAnanda ne svatantra rUpa meM kevala rAma, sItA tathA unake sevakoM kI pUjA ko hI vizeSatayA apnaayaa| unake tathA unake ziSyoM ke madhya rAma nAma kA prayoga brahma ke lie hotA hai| inakA gurumantra zrIvaiSNavamantra ( nArAyaNamantra) nahIM hai, apitu 'rAM rAmAya namaH hai'| tilaka bhI zrIvaiSNava nahIM hai / phalataH inake sampradAya kA nAmakaraNa karanA kaThina hai / rAmAnanda zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke antargata hote to unheM tridaNDI kahA jAtA / kintu ve tridaNDI nahIM the, jaise ki zrIvaiSNava hote haiN| zrIvaiSNavoM ke sadaza ve bhojana ke sambandha meM kaThora AcArI bhI nahIM the| purAne samaya se hI dekhA jAtA hai ki eka aisA bhI sampradAya thA jo apanI mukti kevala 'rAma' kI bhakti meM mAnatA thA evaM prApta ullekhoM ke anusAra ise uttara bhArata kI apekSA dakSiNa kA hI mAnA jA sakatA hai / yadi aisA mAna leM ki yaha rAmasampradAya dakSiNa ke tamila deza kA thA tathA zrIvaiSNavoM se sambandhita thA tathA rAmAnanda isase sambandhita the, to pahelI sulajha jAtI hai| rAmAnanda ise grahaNa kara dakSiNa se uttara Aye hoMge tathA 'rAma' meM mukti lAbha kA Adarza evaM rAmamantra apane sAtha lAye hoNge| saMbhava hai, rAmAnanda 'adhyAtmarAmAyaNa' tathA 'agastyasutIkSNasaMvAda' bhI apane sAtha lAye hoM / yadyapi pramANa pakkA nahIM hai ki ve hI ina granthoM ko idhara lAye the, kintu ina granthoM kA unake ziSyoM dvArA bar3A Adara evaM prayoga huA hai / tulasIdAsa ke rAmacaritamAnasa ke ye hI srota haiN| agastyasutIkSaNasaMvAda kA upayoga Aja bhI rAmAnandI vaiSNava karate haiM, kyoMki yaha saMvAda rAmAnanda kI jIvanI ke sAtha prakAzita huA hai| rAmAnanda rAmAnujaviracita zrIbhASya par3hane ke abhyAsI the, yadyapi yaha zrIvaiSNavoM ke lie racA gayA thaa| kAraNa yaha hai ki isakA spaSTa IzvaravAda sabhI IzvaravAdiyoM ke anukUla thA / rAmAnanda ke ziSya evaM anuyAyI bhI isI bhASya ko Adara se par3hate rahe haiM, kyoMki koI bhI rAmAnandI vedAnta bhASya pracalita nahIM huaa| rAmAnanda ke dhArmika Andolana meM jAti-pA~ti kI chUTa thI / ziSyoM ko grahaNa karane meM ve jAti kA vicAra nahIM karate the, jo ekadama nayI dizA thii| unake ziSyoM meM na kevala eka-eka zUdra, jATa evaM jAtibahiSkRta pAye jAte haiM balki eka musalamAna tathA eka strI bhI unakI ziSya thI / unakA eka pada unake ziSyoM meM nahIM, balki sikkhoM ke grantha sAhaba meM prApta hotA hai| yaha bahumAnya hai ki rAmAnanda viziSTAdvaita vedAntamata ko mAnane vAle the / unakI zikSA saguNa-nirgaNa ekezvaravAda kA samanvaya karatI thI, jo kabIra, tulasI, nAnaka tathA anya rAmAnanda ke anuyAyI santoM meM dekhane meM AtI hai / bhArata meM rAmAnandI sAdhuoM kI saMkhyA sarvAdhika hai| rAmAnanvadigvijaya-yaha svAmI rAmAnanda ke jIvanavRttAnta para prakAza DAlane vAlA eka kAvya grantha hai| rAmAnanda sarasvatI-vedAntasUtra para 'brahmAmRtavarSiNI' TIkA ke lekhaka (16vIM zatAbdI ke anta meM ) / inhoMne yogasUtra para 'maNiprabhA' nAmaka prasiddha vRtti racI hai| inakA eka aura grantha 'vivaraNopanyAsa' hai jo padmapAdAcArya kRta 'paJcapAdikA' para prakAzAtmayati ke likhe hue vivaraNa nAmaka grantha para eka nibandha hai / ye ratnaprabhAkAra govindAnanda svAmI ke ziSya the / apane guru kI bhA~ti ye bhI rAmabhakta the / inakA sthiti kAla 17vIM zatAbdI thaa| rAmAnuja-AcArya rAmAnuja kA janma 1074 vi0 meM dakSiNa bhArata ke bhUtapurI ( vartamAna perembupuram ) nAmaka sthAna meM huA thaa| ye kAJcI nagarI meM yAdavaprakAza ke pAsa vedAnta kA adhyayana karane gye| inakA vedAnta kA

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rAmAnuja jJAna thor3e samaya meM hI itanA bar3ha gayA ki kabhI-kabhI inake hI nAma para 'rAmAnuja darzana' ke nAma se vikhyAta hogaa| tarkoM kA uttara denA yAdavaprakAza ke lie kaThina ho jAtA maisUra ke rAjA viTTideva kI sahAyatA se rAmAnuja ne thaa| inakI vidyA kI khyAti dhIre-dhIre bar3hane lgii| zrIvaiSNava mata kA pracAra karane ke lie 74 ziSya niyata yAmunAcArya inhIM dinoM gupta rUpa se Akara inheM dekha gaye kiye / isa prakAra sArA jIvana bhajana-sAdhana tathA dharmaaura inakI pratibhA se bar3e prasanna hue| yAmunAcArya kI pracAra meM vyatIta kara AcArya ne 1194 vi0 meM divyadhAma tIna icchAe~ jIvana meM apUrNa raha gayI thIM jinheM ve apanI ko prasthAna kiyaa| mRtyu ke pahale rAmAnuja ko batAnA cAhate the, kintu inake yatirAja rAmAnaja ne apane mata kI puSTi ke lie pahu~cane ke pUrva hI ve divaMgata ho gaye the| unakI tIna 'zrIbhASya' ke atirikta vedAntasaMgraha, vedAntadIpa, vedAntau~galiyA~ mur3I raha gayI thiiN| logoM ne isakA kAraNa ve sAra, vedAntatattvasAra, gItAbhASya, gadyatraya, bhagavadArAdhanatInoM pratijJAe~ batAyIM, jo isa prakAra thIM-(1) brahmasUtra krama kI bhI racanA kii| isake atirikta aSTAdazarahasya, kA bhASya likhanA, (2) dillI ke tatkAlIna sulatAna ke kaNTakoddhAra, kUTasandoha, IzAvAsyopaniSadbhASya, guNaratnayahA~ se zrIrAmamUrti kA uddhAra karanA tathA (3) digvi koza, cakrollAsa, divyasUriprabhAvadIpikA, devatAsvArasya, jayapUrvaka viziSTAdvaita mata kA pracAra krnaa| rAmAnuja ne nyAyaratnamAlA, nArAyaNamantrArtha, nityapaddhati, nityAjyoM hI inheM pUrA karane kA vacana diyA tyoM hI unakI rAdhanavidhi, nyAyaparizuddhi, nyAyasiddhAntAJjana, paJcapaTala, u~galiyA~ sIdhI ho gayIM / yAmunAcArya kA antima saMskAra paJcarAtrarakSA, praznopaniSad vyAkhyA, maNidarpaNa, matimAnuSa, kara ve sIdhe kAJcI cale Aye / yahA~ mahApUrNa svAmI se muNDakopaniSad vyAkhyA, yogasUtrabhASya, ratnapradIpa, rAmavyAsakRta vedAntasUtroM ke artha ke sAtha tIna hajAra gAthAoM paTala, rAmapaddhati, rAmapUjApaddhati, rAmamantra paddhati, kA upadeza bhI prApta kiyaa| vaivAhika jIvana se Ubakara ve rAmarahasya, rAmAyaNavyAkhyA, rAmArcApaddhati, vArtAmAlA, saMnyAsI ho gaye the| viziSTAdvaita bhASya, viSNuvigrahazaMsanastotra, viSNusaMnyAsa lene para rAmAnuja svAmI kI ziSyamaNDalI sahasranAma bhASya, vedArthasaMgraha, vaikuNThagadya, zatadUSaNI, bar3hane lgii| unake bacapana ke guru yAdavaprakAza ne bhI zaraNAgati gadya, zvetAzvataropaniSad vyAkhyA, saMkalpaunakA ziSyatva grahaNa kara liyA tathA yatidharmasamuccaya sUryodaya TIkA, saccaritra rakSA, sarvArthasiddhi Adi granthoM nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| aneka ziSya unake pAsa kI bhI racanA kii| kintu yaha patA nahIM lagatA ki kauna Akara vedAnta kA adhyayana karate the / unhIM dinoM yAmunA- sA grantha kaba likhA gyaa| unhoMne apane granthoM meM zAGkara cArya ke putra varadaraGga kAJcI Aye tathA AcArya se zrI- mata kA joradAra khaNDana karane kI ceSTA kI hai| raGgam calakara vahA~ kA adhyakSapada grahaNa karane kI prArthanA rAmAnuja ne yAmunAcArya ke siddhAnta ko aura bhI kii| rAmAnuja unakI prArthanA svIkAra kara zrIraGgam meM vistRta karake sAmane rakhA hai| ye bhI tIna hI maulika rahane lge| unhoMne yahA~ phira goSThIpUrNa se dIkSA lii| padArtha mAnate haiM-cita ( jIva ). acita ( jaDa samaha ) goSThIpUrNa ne yogya samajha kara unheM mantrarahasya batA diyA aura Izvara yA puruSottama / sthUla-sUkSma, cetana-acetanaaura AjJA dI ki ve kisI ko mantra na deN| rAmAnuja ko viziSTa brahma hI Izvara hai| ananta jIva aura jagat jaba yaha jJAta huA ki isa mantra ke sunane se manuSya mukta usakA zarIra hai / vahI isa zarIra kA AtmA hai| brahma ho sakatA hai to ve mandira kI chata para car3hakara cillA- saguNa aura savizeSa hai| usakI zakti mAyA hai / brahma cillAkara saikar3oM nara-nAriyoM ke sAmane mantra kA uccAraNa azeSa kalyANakArI guNoM kA Alaya hai| usameM nikRSTa karane lge| guru ne isase kruddha ho unheM naraka jAne kA kucha bhI nahIM hai| sarvezvaratva, sarvazeSitva, sarvakarmAzApa diyaa| isa para rAmAnuja ne kahA ki gurudeva, yadi rAdhyatva, sarvaphalapradatva, sarvAdhAratva, sarvakAryotpAdakatva, mere naraka jAne se hajAroM nara-nAriyoM kI mukti ho jaay| samasta dravyazarIratva Adi usake lakSaNa haiN| vaha sUkSma to mujhe vaha naraka svIkAra hai / rAmAnuja kI isa udAratA cidacidvizeSa rUpa meM jagat kA upAdAna kAraNa hai, saGkalpase prasanna ho garune kahA-'Aja se viziSTAdvaita mata tumhAre viziSTa rUpa meM nimitta kAraNa hai / jIva aura jagata usakA

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rAmAyaNa - rAmAvatAra zarIra hai| vaha sRSTi-sthiti-saMhArakartA hai; para vyUha, vibhava, antaryAmI aura arcAvatAra bheda se vaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai; zakha, cakra, gadA, padyadhArI caturbhuja hai zrI bhU aura lIlA devI sahita hai; kirITAdi bhUSaNoM se alaMkRta hai / jagat jar3a hai aura brahma kA zarIra hai / brahma hI jagat kA upAdAna aura nimitta kAraNa hai / vaha jagat rUpa meM prakaTa hokara bhI vikArarahita hai jagata sat hai, mithyA nahIM hai| jIva bhI brahma kA zarIra hai / brahma aura jIva donoM cetana haiM / brahma vibhu hai, jIva aNu hai / brahma pUrNa hai, jIva khaNDita hai / pratyeka zarIra meM jIva bhinna hai / bhagavAn ke dAsatva kI prApti hI mukti hai| vaikuNTha meM zrI, bhU, lIlA deviyoM ke sAtha nArAyaNa kI sevA karanA hI parama puruSArtha kahA jAtA hai mukti vidyA arthAt upAsanA dvArA prApta hotI hai / upAsanAtmaka bhakti hI mukti kA zreSTha sAdhana hai| dhyAna aura upAsanA Adi mukti ke sAdhana haiM / saba prakAra se bhagavAn ke zaraNa ho jAnA prapatti kA lakSaNa hai| nArAyaNa vibhu haiM, bhUmA hai, unake caraNoM meM AtmasamarpaNa karane se jIva ko zAnti milatI hai| unake prasanna hone para mukti mila sakatI hai| saba viSayoM ko tyAga kara unakI hI zaraNa lenI caahie| rAmAyaNa - saMskRta kA vAlmIki rAmAyaNa prAcIna bhArata ke do mahAgranthoM meM se eka hai / mahAbhArata ke vanaparva meM rAmopAkhyAna kA varNana karane ke pahale kahA gayA hai ki 'rAjan ! purAne itihAsa meM jo kucha ghaTanA huI hai vaha suno' ( adhyAya 273, zloka 6 ) / isa sthAna para purAtana zabda se vidita hotA hai ki mahAbhArata kAla meM rAmAyaNI kathA purAtanI kathA ho cukI thii| isI taraha droNaparva meM likhA hai : 'api cArya purA gItaH iloko vAlmIkinA bhuvi / ' ina bAtoM se spaSTa hai ki mahAbhArata kI ghaTanAoM se saikar3oM varSa pahale vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI racanA ho cukI hogI / vAlmIki ke hI kathanAnusAra ( bAlakANDa, sarga 4 ) unhoMne rAmAyaNa meM 24,000 zloka race jo pA~ca sau sargoM meM ba~Te the / Ajakala isake tIna prakAra ke pATha pracalita haiM : audIcya, dAkSiNAtya aura prAcya (gauDIya) | ina tInoM meM pAThabheda to hai hI para kisI meM na to 24000 zloka haiM aura na 500 sarga / isakA sAhityika evaM dhArmika mahatva sarvAdhika hai| yaha pahalA mahAkAvya hai| 557 isIlie ise AdikAvya bhI kahate haiM tathA isake kavi ko Adikavi kahate haiM isakA hI anukaraNa paravartI saMskRta kaviyoM ne kiyA / kAlidAsa kA raghuvaMza mahAkAvya evaM bhavabhUti kA uttararAmacarita nATaka isI grantha para AdhArita haiM / Aja bhI lAkhoM bhAratavAsI isakA pATha karate aura sunate haiM / madhyakAla meM sthAnIya bhASAoM meM isake rUpAntara Arambha hue| sabase mahattvapUrNa 'rAmacarita - mAnasa' tulasIdAsakRta hindI meM banA jo uttara bhArata ke nivAsiyoM ke lie parama pavitra grantha hai / rAmalIlA Aja deza ke kone-kone meM pracalita hai, jisake dvArA rAmacaritra ke viziSTa rUpa janatA ke sAmane rakhe jAte haiM / bhAratIya janajIvana tathA vicAroM para jitanA prabhAva isa grantha kA hai utanA zAyada hI kisI grantha kA prabhAva par3A ho / rAma ke Adarza caritra kA itanA gaharA prabhAva par3A ki rAma kI pUjA viSNu ke avatAra ke rUpa meM huI, jisake mukhya pracAraka 12vIM zatAbdI ke rAmAnuja tathA 14vIM zatAbdI ke rAmAnanda the / 700 vi0 pUrva se lekara 130 vi0 pU0 taka ke bIca vibhinna vidvAnoM ne rAmAyaNa kA racanA kAla mAnA hai / Upara isakI mahAbhArata kI apekSA prAcInatA kahI gayI hai / sabhI vidvAnoM ke pramANoM para bhalI bhAMti vicAra karane se rAmAyaNa ko prAyaH cauthI zatAbdI vi0 pU0 ke madhya vartamAna rUpa meM prastuta huA mAnA jA sakatA hai / kintu isameM dUsarI zatI vi0 taka kucha parivartana tathA parivartana hotA rhaa| rAmAyaNavyAkhyA - yaha rAmAnuja racita eka grantha hai / rAmAcapaddhati yaha vaiSNavAcArya rAmAnuja racita eka grantha hai / rAmAvata sampradAya - svAmI rAmAnanda ne rAmAvata sampradAya kI sthApanA kI ye rAmAnuja svAmI kI zrIvaiSNavaparamparA meM hue the / | parantu inhoMne madhyayuga kI nayI paristhiti meM apane sampradAya ko udAra bnaayaa| inhoMne dharma meM jAti-pAMti kA bandhana DhIlA kiyA aura isakA dvAra sabhI ke lie khola diyA / rAmAvata sampradAya meM savarNa, varNetara strI, musalamAna Adi sabhI dIkSita the / isa sampradAya kA mantra thA 'rAM rAmAya namaH / ' rAmAvatAra - viSNu ke avatAroM ke krama meM rAmAvatAra saptama mAnA jAtA hai / bhagavAn kA yaha avatAra cira kAla se

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558 rAmezvaram rukmiNI calI A rahI avyavasthA ko vyavasthA meM pariNata karane ke rAmopAsaka sampradAya-zrIsampradAya ke AcArya rAmAnanda lie huA thaa| parazurAmAvatAra ke samaya kSAtra aura svAmI ne vaiSNava dharma ke saMrakSaNa ke lie apUrva prayatna brAhma zaktiyoM kA sAmaJjasya samApta ho gayA thaa| ataH kiyaa| inhoMne rAmopAsaka sampradAya kI sthApanA kI dhArmika vyavasthA sudRDha nahIM raha gayI thii| brAhmaNa vaMza meM jisake sabase bar3e pracAraka tulasIdAsa he| bhI rAvaNa jaise atyAcArI nizAcaroM kA janma hone lagA rAmya jAmAtA muni-rAmya jAmAtA muni (1370-1443) thA / ataeva tretA yuga ke samaya bhagavatzakti ke avatAra ko matavAla muni bhI kahate haiN| zrIraGgama kI (zrIvaiSNava) kI AvazyakatA pratIta huii| yaha avatAra kSatriya varNa meM zAkhA ke adhyakSa vedAntadezika ke virodha meM isa sampradAya isalie huA ki usa samaya kSatriya kula ke lie parama ke antargata do aura zAkhAe~ Arambha huI jo kramazaH Adarza mAnavacaritra nirmANa kI AvazyakatA thI, jisase uttarI tathA dakSiNI zAkhAe~ kahalAtI hai / inameM se dakSiNI ki caritra nirmANa ke sAtha hI rAkSasAvasthA ko samprApta zAkhA yA 'telaGgai' ke netA the rAmya jAmAtA muni / ye brAhmaNazakti ko naSTa kara, kSAtrazakti ke sAtha brahmazakti vedAntadezika ke pazcAta zrIraGgama meM zikSaka the| inake kA dharmAnukUla sAmaJjasya kiyA jA sake / isIlie bhagavAn bhASya tathA vidvattApUrNa grantha paryApta prayoga meM Ate haiN| rAmarUpa meM kSatriyavaMza meM avatarita hue / isI prakAra bhagavAn ina uttarI tathA dakSiNI zAkhAoM ke netAoM ke samaya se kI zakti mahAmAyA ne bhI Adarza pAtivrata kI rakSA ke zrIvaiSNava sampradAya kI zAkhAoM kA antara bar3hatA gyaa| lie evaM satItvadharma saMrakSaNArtha sItA ke rUpa meM avatAra inake grantha haiM 'tattvanirUpaNa' tathA 'upadezaratnamAlA' / grahaNa kyiA thA / vistRta caritra ke lie de0 'rAmAyaNa' / rAsalIlA-kRSNabhakti meM Ananda kI utkaTa abhivyakti ke rAmezvara-(1) eka zavAcArya ( 1750 ii0)| inhoMne lie kRSNa ke bAlacaritoM kA anukaraNa karanA rAsalIlA 'zivAyana' nAmaka grantha racA hai| hai| isameM maNDalanRtya kiyA jAtA hai / mahAprabhu caitanya ke (2) rAmezvara (m ) prasiddha zaiva tIrthasthAna. jo dakSiNa rUpa tathA sanAtana Adi chaH anuyAyI vRndAvana meM nivAsa samudra ke setubandha para sthita hai / kahate haiM, inakI sthApanA karate the / aneka granthoM kI racanA ke sAtha hI sAtha ina bhaktoM bhagavAn rAma ne kii| ne rAsalIlA kA vArSika utsava bhI prArambha kiyaa| isameM rAmezvaram-rAmasetu nAmaka retIle TIle kA silasilA kRSNa ke sAtha gopiyoM ke nRtya kA pradarzana hI mukhya hotA rAmezvaram dvIpa se lekara mannAra kI khAr3I se hotA huA hai| bIca meM kRSNa tathA unake cAroM ora maNDalAkAra zrIlaGkA ke taTa taka calA gayA hai| isakI lambAI 30 gopiyoM kA samUha milakara eka maNDala kA nirmANa karatA mIla hai / kahA jAtA hai ki rAmAyaNa ke nAyaka zrI rAma hai / bhagavAn ke sAyujya meM nRtya dvArA rasa ( prema ) kA ne jaba bandara tathA bhAluoM kI senA ke sAtha laGkA ke paripAka karanA isakA mukhya uddezya hai / bhAgavatapurANa rAjA rAvaNa para AkramaNa karanA cAhA to samudra pAra (rAsapaJcAdhyAyI ) meM bhagavAna kRSNa ke rAsa kA rahasyamaya karanA senA ke lie kaThina jAna pdd'aa| rAma ne yahA~ para varNana hai| eka pula banavAyA jo Aja bhI bhagnAvasthA meM par3A hai| rAhu-rAhu kA ( jo sUrya ko Dhaka letA hai ) prasaMga atharvabhAratIya taTa se lekara zrIlaGkA ke taTa taka samudra kA veda ke eka sUkta (19.9.10 ) meM AtA hai| pATha aniuthalA honA aura vaha bhI eka sIdha meM, isa vizvAsa ko zcita hai, kintu artha rAhu (andhakAra) hI hai| paravartI puSTa karatA hai| yaha bhAratavarSa kA antima dakSiNI chora jyotiSa meM rAhu sauramaNDala ke navagrahoM meM se eka hai| yaha hai jo samudra ko sparza karatA hai / isI paramparA ke anusAra duSTa graha mAnA jAtA hai| rAmacandrajI ne isa sthAna para zaMkarajI kI mUrti sthApanA kI rukmiNI-vidarbha deza ke rAjA bhISmaka kI putrI, jisane thii| rAmakathA se sambandhita hone se rAmezvaram hinduoM kA zizupAla ke badale dvArakAnAtha kRSNa kA svayaMvaraNa kiyA pramukha tIrtha sthAna ho gayA hai tathA deza ke kone-kone se ____ aura unakI paTarAnI huii| paNDharapura ( mahArASTra ) ke tIrthayAtrI yahA~ Ate haiN| yahA~ kA vizAla rAmezvaram vilamandira meM viTThala (viSNu ) kI rAniyoM athavA mandira drAvir3a zailI ke mandiroM meM agragaNya hai| patniyoM kI mUrtiyA~ unake pAsa hI sthApita huI hai| inameM

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rukmiNyaSTamI-rudraprayAga 559 se rukmAbAI ( rukmiNI ) bhI eka hai| lakSmI ke rUpa meM inakI pUjA hotI hai| rukmiNyaSTamI-mArgazIrSa kRSNa pakSa kI aSTamI / prathama varSa vratakartA ( mahilA) eka dvAra vAlA miTTI kA makAna bana- vAye, jisameM gRhasthopayogI sabhI vastue~-dhAna, ghI Adi rakhakara kRSNa-rukmiNI, balarAma-revatI, pradymna-rati, ani- ruddha-uSA tathA vasudeva-devakI kI pratimAe~ banavAyI jaay| sUryodaya ke samaya ina pratimAoM kA pUjana kara sAyaM candramA ko arghya denA caahie| dUsare dina kisI kanyA ko vaha ghara dAna kara denA caahie| dvitIya, tRtIya tathA caturtha varSa usI ghara meM aura koSTha, prakoSTha banavAkara jor3a dene cAhie tathA bAda meM unheM bhI kanyAoM ko dAna kara denA cAhie / paJcama varSa pA~ca dvAroM vAlA tathA SaSTha varSa cha: dvAroM vAlA makAna banavAkara kanyA ko dAna kara denA caahie| saptama varSa sapta dvAroM vAlA makAna banavAkara, cUne se putavAkara, usameM eka palaGga bichAkara usa para vastra bhI bichAnA caahie| eka jor3A khar3AU~, darpaNa, okhalI ( ulUkhala ), mUsala, rasoI ke pAtra bhI rakhane caahie| tadanantara kRSNa-rukmiNI tathA pradyumna kA upavAsa evaM jAgaraNa karate hue pUjana karanA cAhie / dvitIya divasa yaha antima makAna kisI sapatnIka brAhmaNa ko dAna kara denA caahie| isake sAtha eka gau bhI denI caahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa ke uparAnta vratI zokarahita rahegA tathA strI vratI ko putrAbhAva kA zoka nahIM sahanA pdd'egaa| unakI gaNanA tridevoM ( trimUrti ) meM ziva athavA maheza ke rUpa meM hone lgii| ___ rudra rudroM (bahuvacana), rudriyoM tathA marutoM ke pitA haiN| rudra tathA marutoM meM pArivArika samAnatA hai, kyoMki pitA aura putragaNa donoM sone ke AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate haiM, dhanuSa-bANa inake Ayudha haiM, roga dUra karane meM ye samartha haiM / rudra kA varNana kabhI-kabhI indra ke sAtha bhI huA hai, kintu donoM meM antara hai| rudra ko kevala eka bAra vajrabAhu kahA gayA hai, jabaki indra sadA vajrabAhu haiN| bijalI kI kauMdha aura camaka, bAdala kA garjana evaM isake pazcAt jalavarSaNa indra kA kArya hai| parantu jaba vajrapAta se manuSya athavA pazu maratA hai to yaha rudra kA kArya samajhanA caahie| indra kA vajra sadA upakArI hai, rudra kA Ayudha vidhvaMsaka hai| parantu rudra ke bhayaMkara vidhvaMsa ke pazcAta gaMbhIra zAnti kA vAtAvaraNa utpanna ho jAtA hai| isa lie unakA vidhvaMsaka rUpa hote hue bhI unake kalyANakArI rUpa (ziva) kI prArthanA kI jAtI hai / anya devoM dvArA kiye gaye apakAra ko dUra karane ke lie bhI unase prArthanA kI gayI hai| purANoM meM rudra ke zivarUpa kI mahattA adhika bar3hI, yadyapi unakA vidhvaMsaka rUpa ziva ke antargata samAviSTa rhaa| ekAdaza rudroM aura unake gaNoM kI vizAla kalpanA purANoM meM pAyI jAtI hai / rudra pazapati atharvaziras pAzupata upaniSad hai / yaha mahAbhArata ke pAzupata prasaMgoM kI samasAmayika hai / isake anusAra rudra-pazupati sabhI vastuoM ke parama tattva arthAt srota tathA antima lakSya bhI haiN| pati, pazu evaM pAza kA bhI isameM ullekha huA hai / 'om' ke AdhAra para yogAbhyAsa karane kA Adeza hai / zarIra para bhasma lagAnA pAzupata niyama yA brata kA pAlana batAyA gayA hai| rudra-vaidika kAla meM rudra sAdhAraNa devatA the| unakI stuti ke kevala tIna sUkta pAye jAte haiN| rudra kI vyutpatti rud dhAtu se hai jisakA artha 'hallA karanA' athavA 'cillAnA' hai / 'rud' kA artha lAla honA athavA camakanA bhI hotA hai| rudra prakRti kI usa zakti ke devatA haiM jisakA pratinidhitva jhaMjhAvAta aura usakA pracaNDa garjana-tarjana karatA hai / rudra kA eka artha bhayaMkara bhI hotA hai| parantu rudra kI cillAhaTa aura bhayaMkaratA ke sAtha unakA prazAnta aura saumya rUpa bhI vedoM meM varNita hai| ve kevala dhvaMsa aura vinAza ke hI devatA nahIM, svAsthya aura kalyANa ke bhI devatA haiM / ataH rudra kI kalpanA meM ziva ke tattva nihita the, isalie rudra ko bahuta zIghra mahattva mila gayA aura rudraprayAga-uttarAkhaNDa kA eka pAvana tIrtha / yahA~ alakanandA aura mandAkinI kA saMgama hai| yahA~ se kedAranAtha tathA badarInAtha ke mArga pRthak hote haiN| kedAranAtha ko paidala mArga jAtA hai aura badarInAtha ko moTara-sar3aka jAtI hai / devarSi nArada ne saMgIta vidyA kI prApti ke lie yahA~ zaGkarajI kI ArAdhanA kI thii| hRSIkeza se rudraprayAga 84 mIla hai /

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560 rudramAhAtmya-rUpagosvAmI rudramAhAtmya-cAroM vedoM meM rudra kI stutiyA~ haiM / vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke zatarudriya meM ziva, girIza, pazupati, nIlagrIva, zitikaNTha, bhava, zarva, mahAdeva ityAdi nAma vartamAna haiN| atharvasaMhitA meM mahAdeva, pazupati Adi nAma Aye haiM / mArkaNDeya purANa aura viSNu purANa meM jisa prakAra rudradeva kI utpatti varNita hai usI prakAra zatapatha brAhmaNa aura zAGkhAyana brAhmaNa meM bhI varNita hai| rudrayAmala tantra-yAmala tantroM ko vyAkhyA ho cukI hai| yAmaloM meM 'rudrayAmala' bhI eka hai| rudravrata-(1) jye' Tha mAsa ke donoM pakSoM kI aSTamI tathA caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| ina cAroM dina vrata rakhane vAle ko paJcAgni tapa karanA caahie| cauthe dina sAyaM kAla ke sayaya suvarNa kI gau dAna meM denI cAhie / isa vrata ke rudra devatA haiN| (2) varSa bhara ekabhakta paddhati se AhAra karake anta meM suvarNa ke vRSabha tathA tiladhenu kA dAna karanA caahie| / yaha saMvatsaravata hai| zaGkara bhagavAn isake devatA haiN| isake AcaraNa se pApa tathA zoka dUra hote haiM tathA vratI zivaloka prApta kara letA hai| (3) kArtika zukla tRtIyA se isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai / eka varSa taka isameM nakta vidhi se gomUtra tathA yAvaka kA AhAra karanA caahie| yaha saMvatsaravrata hai| gaurI tathA rudra isake devatA haiN| varSAnta meM gau kA dAna karanA caahie| isa vrata se vratI eka kalpa taka gaurIloka meM nivAsa karatA hai| rudrasampradAya aura sanakasampradAya / ina cAroM kA AdhAra zruti hai aura darzana vedAnta hai| rudradeva ne bAlakhilya RSiyoM ko jo upadeza kiyA thA, vahI upadeza ziSyaparamparA se calatA huA viSNusvAmI ko prApta huaa| ataeva idhara sarvaprathama vedAntabhASyakAra viSNusvAmI ne hI zuddhAdvaitavAda kA pracalana kiyaa| kahate haiM ki unake ziSya kA nAma jJAnadeva thaa| jJAnadeva ke ziSya nAthadeva aura trilocana the| inhIM kI paramparA meM vallabhAcArya kA AvirbhAva haa| kahate haiM ki dakSiNa bhArata meM viSNusvAmI pANDayavijaya rAjya ke rAjaguru devezvara ke putra rUpa meM prakaTa hue the| inake pUrvAzrama kA nAma devatanu thaa| inhoMne vedAntasUtroM para 'sarvajJasUkta' nAmaka bhASya likhA thaa| kahate haiM ki inake bAda do viSNusvAmI aura hue, isI se inheM 'Adi viSNusvAmI' kahate haiN| rudrasaMhitA-zivamahApurANa ke sAta khaNDa haiN| isakA tA. dUsarA khaNDa rudrasaMhitA hai| rudrasaMhitA meM saSTikhaNDa, satIkhaNDa, pArvatIkhaNDa, kumArakhaNDa, yuddhakhaNDa nAmaka pA~ca khaNDa haiN| drAkSa-liGgAyatoM meM bacce ke janma ke sAtha hI usakA aSTavarga saMskAra hotA hai| isameM 'rudrAkSa dhAraNa' bhI hai| ye saMskAra AThoM pApoM se rakSA pAne ke lie kavaca kA kArya karate haiM / rudrAkSa kA pavitra vRkSa himAlaya ke nepAla pradeza meM hotA hai| usake phala kI guThalI hI rudrAkSa hai, jisameM agala-bagala kucha rekhA yA khA~ce bane rahate haiM / unheM mukha kahA jAtA hai| sAdhAraNataH paMcamukhI rudrAkSa pahanane yA mAlA banAne meM prayukta hote haiN| ekAdaza mukhI rudrAkSa zaMkarasvarUpa hote haiN| ekamukhI rudrAkSa RddhisiddhidAtA zivasvarUpa hotA hai, atyanta bhAgyazAlI vyakti ko hI yaha sulabha hai| nepAla ke pazupatinAthamandira meM ekamukhI rudrAkSa aura dakSiNAvarta zaMkha ke darzana karAye rudralakSavrata-isa vrata ke anusAra eka lAkha dIpakoM ke, jinameM gau ke ghI meM DubAyI haI ruI kI utanI hI battiyA~ par3I hoM, zivapratimA ke sammukha samarpaNa karane kA vidhAna hai / dIpakoM ke samarpaNa se pUrva hI ziva kA SoDazopacAra pUjana kara lenA caahie| vrata kA Arambha kArtika, mAgha, vaizAkha yA zrAvaNa mAsoM meM se kisI meM bhI karanA cAhie tathA usI mAsa meM usakI samApti bhI honI cAhie / isa vrata se vratI sampatti, putrAdi ke atirikta una samasta siddhiyoM ko prApta karatA hai jinakI vaha kAmanA karatA hai| rudrasampradAya-zaGkarAcArya ke pazcAt vaiSNava dharma ke cAra pradhAna sampradAya samunnata hue-zrIsampradAya, brahmasampradAya, jAte haiN| saru-yajurveda meM yaha azvamedha ke balipazu ke artha meM prayukta huA hai, jo eka prakAra kA hariNa hai / Rgveda meM ruruzIrSA bANoM kA ullekha hai, jisakA artha hai hariNa ke sIMga kI noka vAle bANa / rUpa gosvAmI-caitanya mahAprabhu ke eka ziSya / ye pahale baMgAla

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rUpanavamI-reNukAtIrtha musalamAna sUbedAra ke yahA~ kArya karate the| inhoMne tathA kucha suvarNa rakhakara kisI brAhmaNa ko de denA caahie| caitanyadeva ke devopama caritra aura pavitra dharmamata se usa dina ekabhakta paddhati se AhAra karanA cAhie / mugdha hokara saMsAra kA tyAga kara mahAprabhu kA ziSyatva yaha saMkrAntivrata hai| isa vrata kA pariNAma sau azvamedha grahaNa kara liyA / kramazaH ye usa sampradAya ke Azraya yajJoM ke samAna hotA hai tathA saundarya, dIrghAyu, susvAsthya, aura bhUSaNa svarUpa ho gaye / pahale se hI ye prakANDa vidvAn samRddhi tathA svarga to prApta hotA hI hai| the| inhoMne caitanya ke tirobhAva se prAyaH ATha varSa pUrva rUpasatra-phAlgunI pUrNimA ke uparAnta jaba caitra kRSNa 'vidagdhamAdhava' nATaka kI racanA kI, jisakI mahAprabhu ne aSTamI mUla nakSatrayukta ho, usa samaya isa vrata kA bar3I prazaMsA kii| isake atirikta inhoMne lalitamA- Ayojana karanA caahie| isameM nakSatroM, nakSatrapatiyoM, dhava, ujjvalanIlamaNi, dAnakelikaumudI, bandhustavAvalI, varuNa, candra tathA viSNu kA pUjana vihita hai| ina saba aSTAdaza lIlAkANDa, padyAvalI, govindavirudAvalI, devatAoM ke lie homa karanA cAhie tathA apane guru kA mathurAmAhAtmya, nATakalakSaNa, laghubhAgavatAmRta, bhaktirasA- sammAna karanA caahie| dUsare dina upavAsa kA vidhAna mRtasindhu, vrajavilAsavarNana aura kar3acA nAmaka granthoM kI hai| bhagavAn kezava ke bhinna-bhinna zarIrAvayavoM meM caraNoM racanA kii| ina granthoM se inakI vidvattA kA paricaya se prArambha kara mastaka taka bhinna-bhinna nakSatroM ko AromilatA hai| ujjvalanIlamaNi alaMkArazAstra kA prAmA- pita karate hue unakI pUjA karanI caahie| caitra zukla Nika aura prasiddha grantha hai| bhaktirasAmRtasindhu meM pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA satrAvasAna hotA hai / vrata ke anta bhakti kI vyAkhyA tathA vaiSNava mata kI sAdhanA kA vicAra meM bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA puSpa-dhUpAdi se karanI caahie| kiyA gayA hai| inake bhatIje jIva gosvAmI ne isakI guru ko isa avasara para dAna-dakSiNA denI cAhie tathA TIkA likhI hai| rUpa gosvAmI kA 'ripudamana viSayaka brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA caahie| isa vrata se vratI rAgamaya koNa' nAmaka ba~galA grantha bhI milatA hai| rUpa svarga loka jAtA hai tathA bAda meM janma lene ke pazcAta aura sanAtana ne jisa mata kA bIjAropaNa kiyA use rAjA banatA hai / caitra zukla aSTamI ke isI vrata ke lie jIva ne vikasita kiyA aura baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa ne use dekhie bu0 saM0 (104. 6-13), jisameM upavAsa tathA pUrNatA pradAna kii| nArAyaNa evaM nakSatroM kI pUjA kA ullekha hai / rUpanavamI-mArgazIrSa zukla kI navamI ko isa vrata kA rUpAvApti-(1) pA~ca tithiyoM ko dasa vizvedevoM kI pUjA prArambha hotA hai / isakI cANDikA devatA hai| vratI ko karane se svargopalabdhi hotI hai| navamI ke dina upavAsa yA nakta yA ekabhakta paddhati se AhAra (2) yaha mAsa kA vrata hai / phAlguna pUrNimA ke pazcAt karanA caahie| ATe kA trizUla tathA cA~dI kA kamala banA- caitra kI pratipadA se caitra kI pUrNimA taka isakA anuSThAna kara use sarva pApanAzinI durgAjI ko samarpita kara denA karanA caahie| isameM zeSazAyI bhagavAn kI pratimA ke caahie| pauSa tathA usake pazcAta vAle mAsoM meM bhinna-bhinna pUjana kA vidhAna hai| isa avasara para ekabhakta paddhati prakAra ke kRtrima pazu banAkara unheM bhinna-bhinna dhAtU- se AhAra karanA cAhie / pRthvI para zayana karanA cAhie, pAtroM meM rakhanA caahie| tadanantara ve devI ko bheMTa kara kisI pAlane yA jhUle para nahIM / tIna dina upavAsa rakhate diye jA~ya / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI asaMkhya varSoM taka hue caitra kI pUrNimA ko pUjana ke uparAnta eka jor3A candraloka meM vAsa karane ke bAda sundara rAjA banatA hai| vastra tathA cA~dI kA dAna karanA caahie| isase rUpa rUpa kA tAtparya hai zilpiyoM yA kalAkAroM dvArA banAyI arthAt saundarya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| gayI koI vastu athavA AkRti, jo kisI pazu se mamatA reNukAtIrtha-(1) himAcala pradeza kA parvatIya tIrtha / zimalA rakhatI ho| jina devatAoM kA Upara ullekha AyA hai se nAhana aura dahAdU jAkara girinadI ko pAra karake ve yA to durgAjI hoM yA mAtRdevatA / paidala reNukAtIrtha jAne kA mArga hai| dahAdU se reNukArUpasaMkrAnti-saMkrAnti ke dina vratI ko taila mardana ke tIrtha do phalA~ga ke lagabhaga hai| yahA~ reNukA jhIla aura sAtha snAna karanA caahie| usake anantara pAtra meM ghI parazurAmatAla hai / parazurAmajI tathA unakI mAtA

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562 reNukAjI kA mandira hai / eka dharmazAlA hai, jo arakSita hai| kArtika zukla pUrNimA para melA lagatA hai| reNukA jhIla ke pAsa yamadagniparvata hai / (2) AgarA-mathurA ke madhya yamunAtIra para sthita vartamAna 'nakatA' sthAna reNukAkSetra kahA jAtA hai| revaNanAtha - nAtha sampradAya ke nava nAthoM meM se chaThe revaNanAtha the| revaNArAdhya - vIrazaiva mata sRSTi ke ArambhakAla se pracalita mAnA jAtA hai / pratyeka yuga meM isake jo AcArya hue haiN| unake nAma 'suprabodhAgama' Adi granthoM meM prApta hote haiM / kaliyuga ke Arambha meM bhI pA~ca zaivAcArya hue haiM / unameM pahalA nAma revaNArAdhya kA hai / sambhavataH ye hI bahallI maTha ke prathama AcArya the / revA - narmadA nadI kA eka nAma, jo kevala eka bAra uttara vaidika sAhitya meM vyavahRta huA hai / yaha zatapatha brA0 ( 12.8, 1,17 ) meM prApta hai tathA nizcita rUpa se eka manuSya kA nAma hai jo revA ( narmadA ) ke usa pAra rahatA thA / pANini ( 4.2.87 ) ke eka vArtika meM 'mahiSmat' zabda kI vyutpatti 'mahiSa' zabda se kI gayI hai / mahiSmat spaSTataH narmadAtaTa para sthita mAhiSmatI nagarI thii| raghuvaMza (6.43 ) meM anUpa deza kI rAjadhAnI mAhiSmatI revA para sthita batalAyI gayI hai / skandapurANa kA eka bhAga revAkhaNDa kahalAtA hai, jo revA ( narmadA ) kI utpatti aura usake kinAre sthita tIrthoM kA vistRta varNana karatA hai / de0 'narmadA' | revAsAgara saMgama -- dakSiNa gujarAta kA samudrataTavartI eka tIrtha yaha vimalezvara se 13 mIla dUra hai| revA( narmadA ) sAgarasaMgama tIrtha para prakAzastambha (lAiTahAusa) aura usake pAsa 'hari kA dhAma' nAma kA sthAna hai / narmadA (revA ) ke sAgara se milane ke kAraNa hI isakA mahattva hai / revAsa- solaha zatAbdI vi0 ke pUrvArdha meM inakA prAdurbhAva huA thaa| ye kabIra ke samakAlIna tathA svAmI rAmAnanda ke mukhya ziSyoM meM se the| jAti ke ye camAra the| mIrAbAI ne inakA darzana kiyA aura apanA guru banAyA thaa| apane padoM meM mIrAbAI ne do-tIna bAra inakA ullekha kiyA hai| raidAsa ke bhI race kucha pada haiM / inake anuyAyI raidAsI yA ravidAsI kahalAte hai| isa sampra revaNanAtha - romaharSaNa dAya kI paramparA 1570 I0 ke lagabhaga inhIM se Arambha huI rogavidhi - ravivAra ke dina pUrvAphAlgunI nakSatra ho to sUrya kA pUjana karanA caahie| isase vratI samasta rogoM se mukta hokara sUryaloka prApta karatA hai| arka ke phUloM se sUrya kI pUjA karanI caahie| isa dina pAyasa tathA arka ke phUloM kA bhojana vihita hai / rAtri ko bhUmi para zayana karanA caahie| isase vratI samasta rogoM se mukta hokara sUryaloka prApta karatA hai| rocaroca--yaha katipaya vratoM kA nAma hai yathA mAsopavAsa, brAhma roSa kAla roca aadi| caitra zukla pratipadA ko prArambha karake eka mAsa yA eka varSa taka vrata kA Ayojana karanA caahie| viSNudharma0 ( 3.222-223 ) inakA varNana karatA hai| adhyAya 224 meM striyoM ke anizcita caritra kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra samasta adharma tathA burAI kI jar3a striyoM hai kintu sAtha hI ve dharma, artha tathA kAma kI sAdhaka haiN| ratna ke samAna unakI rakSA karanI cAhie ( zloka 25-26) / roTaka - zrAvaNa zukla ke prathama somavAra ko isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai / yaha vrata sAr3he tIna mahInoM taka calanA cAhie / kArtika mAsa kI caturdazI ko upavAsa rakhate hue bilvapatroM se ziva pUjana karanA caahie| isa avasara para pA~ca roTa (lohe athavA miTTI ke tave para seMke gaye gehU~ ke pA~ca roTa) taiyAra karane cAhie; eka naivedya ke lie, do brAhmaNoM ke lie, eka prasAda vitaraNArtha tathA eka vratI ke lie| isa vrata meM zivajI kA pUjana vihita hai| pAMca varSaparyanta isakA anuSThAna honA caahie| vrata ke anta meM do suvarNa yA rajata ke roToM kA dAna karanA cAhie isakA nAma vizvaroTaka vrata bhI hai / romaharSaNa maharSi vedavyAsa ke eka sUtajAtIya romaharSaNa nAmaka ziSya vikhyAta hue, jinheM 'lomaharSaNa' bhI kahate haiN| mahAmuni ne purANasaMhitA prathamataH inhI ko par3hAyI / romaharSaNa ke chaH ziSya hue, unake nAma sumati agnivarcA, mitrayu zAMsapAyana, akRtapraNa aura sAvaNa the| inameM se kazyapavaMzIya akRtavraNa, sArvANa aura zAMsapAyana ne romaharSaNa se par3hakara mUlasaMhitA ke AdhAra para eka-eka purANasaMhitA kI racanA kI / inhIM cAra saMhitAoM kA sAra saMgraha karake anya purANasaMhitAe~ racI gayI /

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rohiNI-la rohiNI-catuyaMha siddhAnta meM cAra devatA Ate haiN| unameM vAsudeva (kRSNa) ke bAda saMkarSaNa kA sthAna hai| ye vAsudeva ke bar3e bhAI the| saMkarSaNa kA artha hai 'acchI prakAra se khIMcA gayA'; kyoMki ye apanI mA~ ke garbha se khIMca liye gaye the tathA rohiNI ke garbha meM rakhe gaye the| rohiNI se hI anta meM saMkarSaNa kI utpatti huI / rohiNI vasudeva kI bar3I patnI thii| rohiNIcandrazayana-matsya purANa (57) meM isa vrata kA ullekha bar3e vistAra se hai (zloka 1-28 taka) tathA padma purANa (4. 24, 101-130) meM bhI lagabhaga usI prakAra ke zloka Aye haiN| yahA~ candramA ke nAma se bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA varNita hai / yadi pUrNimA ke dina somavAra ho athavA rohiNI nakSatra ho to vratI ko paJcagavya tathA sarasoM ke ubaTana ke sAtha snAna karane ke bAda Rgveda kA maMtra "ApyAyasva" (1.91.16) 108 bAra bolanA cAhie tathA zUdra vratI ko yaha bolanA cAhie-"somAya namaH viSNave namaH" / vratI ko phala tathA phaloM se bhagavAn kI pUjA karake soma kA nAmoccAraNa karate hue rohiNI ko praNAma karanA caahie| vratI ko isa avasara para gomUtra kA pAna karanA cAhie, 28 vibhinna puSpa candramA ko arpita karane caahie| yaha vrata eka varSa taka calanA caahie| varSa ke anta meM paryakopayogI vastra tathA candramA aura rohiNI kI suvarNa pratimAoM ke dAna kA vidhAna hai| isa samaya yaha prArthanA bhI karanI cAhie ki he viSNo! jisa prakAra Apako, jo somarUpa hai, chor3akara rohiNI kahIM nahIM jAtI, usI prakAra samRddhi mujhe chor3akara kahIM na jAye / isase saundarya, svAsthya, dIrghAya ke sAtha-sAtha vratI candraloka prApta karatA hai| kRtyakalpataru tathA hemAdri ise candrarohiNIzayana bhI batalAte haiM / rohiNIdvAdazI-zrAvaNa kRSNa ekAdazI ko loga (strI yA puruSa) kisI sarovara ityAdi ke samIpa gAya ke gobara se eka maNDala banAkara usameM candramA tathA rohiNI kI AkRtiyA~ khIMcakara unakA pUjana kareM tathA naivedya arpaNa kareM; bAda meM use kisI brAhmaNa ko de deN| tatpazcAt dvAdazI ko kahIM sthira tathA gahare jala meM praviSTa hokara candramA tathA rohiNI meM apanA dhyAna kendrita kareM aura pAnI meM khar3e-khar3e mASa (ur3ada kI dAla) kI eka sahasra choTI-choTI goliyA~ tathA ghRta mizrita pA~ca laDDuoM ko khaayeN| isake bAda ghara lauTakara kisI brAhmaNa ko bhojana tathA vastra dAna karanA caahie| yaha kriyA prati varSa honI caahie| rohiNIsnAna--yaha bhI nakSatravata hai| vratI tathA usake purohita ko rohiNI tathA kRttikA nakSatra ke dina upavAsa karanA cAhie / isa avasara para vratI ko pA~ca kalaza jala se snAna karAyA jAnA caahie| snAna karane ke samaya vratI cAvaloM kI DherI para khar3A rahe jo dUdhavAle vRkSoM (vaTa-pIpala Adi) kI choTI-choTI zAkhAoM, priyaGga ke zveta puSpoM tathA candana se sajjita ho / vratI ko viSNu, candra, varuNa, rohiNI tathA prajApati kI pUjA karanI cAhie; ghRta tathA anyAnya dhAnyoM se samasta devoM kA uddezya karake homa karanA cAhie / isake sAtha vratI ko sIMga meM mar3hA haA ratna bhI dhAraNa karanA caahie| sIMga meM miTTI, ghor3e ke bAla tathA khura se bane tIna bhAgoM ko dhAraNa karanA vihita hai| isase putra, sampatti tathA yaza kI upalabdhi hotI hai| rohiNyaSTamI-bhAdra kRSNa pakSa ko rohiNI nakSatra yukta aSTamI jayantI kahalAtI hai / yadi ardha rAtri ke eka pala pUrva tathA eka pala pazcAt rohiNI aura aSTamI vidyamAna raheM to yaha kAla atyanta punIta hai, kyoMki yaha vahI kAla hai jaba bhagavAn kRSNa avatIrNa hue the / usa dina upavAsa karate hue bhagavAn kA pUjana karane se pUrva ke eka sahasra janmoM taka ke pApa naSTa ho jAte haiN| eka sahasra ekAdazIvratoM kI apekSA yaha rohiNyaSTamI vrata kahIM adhika zreSTha hai / raudravinAyaka yAga-yadi guruvAra ko ekAdazI tathA puSya nakSatra ho athavA zanivAra ke dina ekAdazI ho aura rohiNI nakSatra ho to isa dina raudrayAga kA Ayojana kiyA jAnA caahie| isase putrAdi kI prApti ke sAtha aneka varadAnoM kI prApti hotI hai / la-yaha antaHstha varNoM kA tIsarA akSara hai / kAmadhenutantra meM isake svarUpa kA nimnAMkita varNana hai : lakAraM caJcalApAGgi kuNDalItrayasaMyutam / pItavidyullatAkAraM sarvaratnapradAyakam / / paJcadevamayaM varNa paJcaprANamayaM sadA / trizaktisahitaM varNa tribindusahitaM sadA / / AtmAditattva sahitaM hRdi bhAvaya pArvati / / tantrazAstra meM isake kaI nAma diye hue haiM :

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564 lakula-lakSezvarIvrata lazcandraH pUtanA pRthvI mAdhavaH zakravAcakaH / lakuloza pAzupata-lakulIza pAzupatoM ke siddhAnta kA varNana balAnujaH pinAkIzo vyApako mAMsasaMjJakaH / / 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' meM sAyaNAcArya ne kiyA hai, jisakA sAra khaDgI nAgo'mRtaM devI lavaNaM vAruNIpatiH / zikhA vANI kriyA mAtA bhAminI kAminI priyaa| jIva mAtra 'pazu' haiN| ziva 'pazupati' hai / bhagavAn jvAlinI veginI nAdaH pradyumnaH zoSaNo hariH / - pazupati ne binA kisI kAraNa, sAdhana yA sahAyatA ke isa vizvAtmamantrI balI ceto merugiriH kalA rasaH / / saMsAra kA nirmANa kiyA, ataH ve svatantra kartA haiM / hamAre lakula-vAyupurANa ke eka prakaraNa meM pAzupatoM ke upa- karmoM ke bhI mUla kartA paramezvara haiN| ataH pazupati saba saMpradAya lakulIza kA ullekha prApta hotA hai / kalpoM kI karmoM ke kAraNa hai / de0 'pAzupata' / gaNanA ke bAda yugoM kA varNana AtA hai, jo kalpa ke lakSaNArdrA vrata-bhAdra kRSNa aSTamI ko ArdrA nakSatra hone vibhAga hai| yuga kula aTThAIsa hai tathA ziva pratyeka meM para yaha vrata karanA cAhie / sarvaprathama umA tathA ziva kI avatAra lene kI pratijJA karate haiN| antima vaktavya yaha pratimAoM ko paJcAmRta se snAna karAnA cAhie, tadanantara hai ki jaba kRSNa vAsudeva kA avatAra grahaNa kareMge taba gandhAkSata-puSpAdi se pUjana karanA caahie| arghya, dhUpa, ziva apanI yogazakti se kAyArohaNa sthAna para arakSita gehU~ ke ATe ke matsya AkRti vAle 32 prakAra ke khAdya eka mRtaka zarIra meM praveza kareMge tathA lakulI nAmaka padArtha, jo pA~ca prakAra ke rasoM (dadhi, dugdha, ghRta, madhu, saMnyAsI ke rUpa meM dikhAI par3eMge / kuzika, gArgya, mitra tathA zarkarA) se yukta hoM tathA modaka arpaNa karane cAhie / kauruSya unake ziSya hoNge| ye pAzupata yoga kA abhyAsa tatpazcAt suvarNa, uparyukta devamUrtiyA~ tathA uttamottama khAdya apane zarIra para bhasma lagAkara kreNge| padArtha dAna meM denA caahie| isa vrata se samasta pApoM kA ekaliGgajI (udayapura) ke samIpa eka purAne mandira nAza to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI saundarya, sampatti, dIrghAyu ke abhilekha se yaha patA calatA hai ki zivAvatAra bhar3oMca tathA yaza bhI prApta hotA hai| deza meM huA tathA ziva eka lAThI (lakula) apane hAtha meM lakSanamaskAravrata-Azvina zukla ekAdazI se viSNu bhagadhAraNa karate the| usa sthAna kA nAma kAyArohaNa thaa| vAn ko eka lAkha namaskAra arpaNa karanA cAhie / citraprazasti kA mata hai ki ziva kA avatAra kArohaNa pUrNimA taka vrata kI samApti ho jAnI caahie| isa (kAyArohaNa), lATa pradeza, meM huaa| vahA~ pAzupata mata ko avasara para bhagavAn viSNu kA mantra 'ato devAH' (R0 bhalI bhA~ti pAlana karane ke lie zarIrI rUpa dhAraNa kara 1. 22. 16-21) uccAraNa karanA caahie| cAra ziSya bhI AvirbhUta hue / ve the kuzika, gArgya, kauruSya lakSapradakSiNAvata-isa vrata meM bhagavAn viSNu kI eka tathA maitreya / bhUtapUrva bar3audA rAjya kA 'karajaNa' vaha sthAna lAkha pradakSiNAe~ karane kA vidhAna hai| cAturmAsya ke kahalAtA hai / yahA~ lakulIza kA mandira bhI vartamAna hai| prArambha ke samaya ise Arambha kara kArtika kI paurNamAsI lakulIza-lakulIza siddhAnta pAzupatoM kA hI eka viziSTa ko samApta kara denA cAhie / mata hai / isakA udaya gujarAta meM huaa| vahA~ isake dArza- lakSavativrata-kArtika, vaizAkha athavA mAgha meM isa vrata kA nika sAhitya kA sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prArambha ke pahale hI Arambha hotA hai / sarvottama mAsa vaizAkha hai| tIna mAsa ke vikAsa ho cukA thA, isalie una logoM ne zaiva AgamoM anta meM paurNamAsI ko yaha vrata samApta honA caahie| kI nayI zikSAoM ko nahIM mAnA / yaha mata chaThI se navIM isa avasara para brahmA tathA sAvitrI, viSNu tathA lakSmI, zatAbdI ke bIca maisUra aura rAjasthAna meM bhI phaila cukA ziva evaM umA kI pratimAoM ke sammukha pratidina sahasra thA / ziva ke avatAroM kI sUcI jo vAyupurANa se liGga battiyoM vAle dIpaka prajvalita karane caahie| aura kUrma purANa meM uddhRta hai, lakulIza kA ullekha lakSahoma-yaha zAntivrata hai, isameM kisI bhI iSTa deva ke karatI hai| vahA~ lakulIza kI mUrti kA bhI ullekha hai, jo lie eka lAkha Ahuti dene kA vidhAna hai| gujarAta ke jharapatana nAmaka sthAna meM hai| yaha sAtavIM lakSezvarIvrata-usI prakAra se yaha vrata hotA hai jaise zatAbdI kI banI huI hai| 'koTezvarIvrata' pahale batalAyA gayA hai|

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lakSmaNa dezika-lakSmIsaMhitA 565 lakSmaNa dezika-11vIM zatAbdI ke eka zAkta vidvAn / cAra mAsa taka zrIdhara tathA zrI, kArtika se Age ke cAra inakA racA huA 'zAradAtilaka' nAmaka tantra grantha zAktoM mAsa taka kezava tathA bhUti kA pUjana karanA caahie| ke lie atyanta prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai| pUrNimA ko rAtri ke samaya candramA ko arghya denA caahie| lakSmaNasena-baGgAla kA prasiddha senavaMzI rAjA (1227- cAra mAsa vAle prati bhAga meM zarIra kI saMzuddhi ke lie 1250 vi0)| yaha hindU dharma va sAhitya kA bahuta bar3A bhinna prakAra ke dravyoM, yathA paJcagavya, darbhayukta jala tathA saMrakSaka thaa| kisI-kisI ke matAnusAra nimbArkAcArya sUrya kI kiraNoM se uSNa kiye hae jala kA prayoga kiyA isake prazraya meM bhI rahe the| 'gItagovinda' ke racayitA jAnA caahie| bhakta kavi jayadeva isakI rAjasabhA meM rahate the| lakSmIpUjana-kArtika kI amAvasyA ko dIpAvalI parva ke lakSmI-Rgveda ke puruSasukta meM inakA varNana pAyA jAtA avasara para lakSmI ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai| hai : 'zrIzca te lakSmIzca iSANa / ' [ he paramezvara, lakSmIpradavata-hemAdri ( 2. 769-771 ) ke anusAra yaha ananta zobhAsvarUpa zrI aura ananta zubha lakSaNoM se yukta kRcchra vratoM meM hai / kArtika kRSNa saptamI se dazamI taka vratI lakSmI donoM ApakI patnI haiM / arthAt jaise strI pati kI ko kramazaH dugdha, bilvapatra, kamalapuSpa tathA visa ( kamalasevA karatI hai, usI prakAra ApakI sevA Apa hI ko nAla ) kA AhAra karanA caahie| ekAdazI ko upavAsa prApta hotI hai, kyoMki Apa hI ne saba jagat ko zobhA karane kA vidhAna hai| ina dinoM kezava kI pUjA karanI aura zubha lakSaNoM se yukta kara rakhA hai| ] AgamasaMhi- caahie| isase viSNuloka kI prApti hotI hai / tAoM ke rahasya kA vizleSaNa karane se prakaTa hotA hai ki lakSmIvrata-(1) prati paJcamI ko upavAsa karate hue lakSmI kA pajana karanA caahie| yaha vrata eka varSaparyanta calatA hI paramAtmA hai, jo abhinna haiM / kevala sRSTi ke samaya ve hai| vrata ke anta meM suvarNakamala tathA gau kA dAna vihita bhinna-bhinna dRSTigocara hote haiN| hai| isase vratI prati janma meM dhana-sampatti prApta karake lakSmIdhara-(1) lakSmIdhara pahale zAkta AcArya the aura viSNuloka prApta karatA hai| dakSiNa mArga kA anugamana karate the| inakA dIkSAnAma (2) isa vrata meM caitra zukla tRtIyA ko ubalA huA cAvala vidyAnAtha thaa| ye terahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM tathA ghRtAhAra karanA caahie| caturthI ko gRha se bAhara vAraGgala ( Andhra ) meM rahate the| inhoMne prasiddha stotra kamala ke puSpoM se bhare kisI sarovara meM snAna karanA 'saundaryalaharI' kA bhASya racA hai| inhoMne saundarya- cAhie tathA kamala meM hI lakSmIjA kA pUjana karanA laharI ko zaGkarAcArya kI racanA mAnA hai, jabaki vidvAnoM / cAhie / paJcamI ko mantroccAraNa karate hae kamalapuSpoM ko isa mata meM sandeha hai / saundaryalaharI ke 31veM zloka ko lakSmIjI ke caraNoM meM arpita kiyA jaay| paMcamI ko kI vyAkhyA meM inhoMne 64 tantroM kI sUcI upasthita kI pUrva prakAra se hI snAna karake suvarNa kA dAna karanA hai jo 'vAmakezvara tantra' kI sUcI se uddhata hai| sAtha hI caahie| yaha kriyA varSa bhara calanI caahie| do aura sUciyA~ 'mizra' tathA 'samaya' tantroM kI upasthita lakSmIyAmalatantra-yAmala zabda kI vyAkhyA ho cukI hai / kI haiM, jinameM kramazaH ATha tathA nau nAma haiN| ATha yAmala tantroM meM lakSmIyAmala bhI eka hai| de0 (2) prasiddha dharmazAstrakAra, jo kAnyakubja pradeza ke 'yAmala' / gahaDavAla rAjA govindacandra ke sAndhivigrahika' ( sandhi lakSmIza devapura-mAdhva mata ke AcArya lakSmIza devapura ne aura yuddha ke maMtrI) the| inhoMne 'kRtyakalpataru' nAmaka 1817 vi0 meM 'jaiminibhArata' nAmaka grantha kI racanA bRhat nibandha grantha kI racanA kii| kii| isameM yadyapi yudhiSThira ke azvamedhayajJa kA varNana hai, lakSmInArAyaNavrata-phAlguna kI pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA tathApi isa grantha kA uddezya kRSNa kI mahimA kA varNana anuSThAna hotA hai| varSa ke cAra-cAra mahInoM ke tIna karanA aura vaiSNava dharma kA mahattva dikhAnA hai| bhAgoM se prArambha karake pratyeka pUrNimA ke dina lakSmInArA- lakSmIsaMhitA-pAJcarAtra sAhitya kA eka prasiddha grantha / yaNa kA eka sAla taka pUjana karanA caahie| ASAr3ha se saMhitAe~ 108 haiM, kintu inake racanAkAla ke nirdhAraNa meM

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566 bar3I kaThinAI hai / kucha vidvAnoM dvArA puSkara, vArAha tathA brAhmasaMhitAoM ko sabase prAcIna mAnA jAtA hai / Aryagara mahodaya lakSmIsaMhitA ko ati prAcIna mAnate haiM tathA padma ko bhI prAcIna batalAte haiM / AyaMgara ke mata ko gopAlAcAryasvAmI bhI svIkAra karate haiM / lagadha- jyotiSa ke lekhaka lagadha haiN| 'bArhaspatya' lekha se yaha jAna par3atA hai ki lagadha kadAcit barbaradezIya mAnate the / parantu vedAGgajyotiSa ke kisI zloka se, bhAva se yA kisI antaH sAkSya se lagadha kA videzI honA siddha nahIM hotA / laghucandrikA -- dvaita matAvalambI (mAdhva) vyAsarAja ke ziSya rAmAcArya ne svAmI madhusUdana sarasvatI se advaita siddhAnta kI zikSA grahaNa kara phira unhIM ke mata kA khaNDana karane ke lie taraGgiNI nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI / isase asantuSTa hokara brahmAnanda svAmI ne advaitasiddhi para laghucandrikA nAma kI TIkA likhakara taraGgiNIkAra ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA / - laghuTIkA - tamila zaivAcArya zivajJAna yogI ( mRtyukAla 1785 I0 ) ne tamila zaiva siddhAnta ke AdhAra grantha 'zivajJAnabodha' para do tamila bhASya rce| eka bar3A, jise 'drAviDa bhASya' tathA dUsarA choTA, jise 'laghu TIkA' kahate hai / laghubRhannAradIya purANa- yaha eka choTA grantha hai, jo sambha vataH upapurANoM meM bhI nahIM ginA jA sakatA / laghusAMkhyasUtravRtti aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM nAgeza bhaTTa ne 'sAMkhyapravacanabhASya' kI 'laghusAMkhyasUtravRtti' nAmaka vRtti likhI / nAgeza bhaTTa mahAn vaiyAkaraNa hone ke sAtha hI sakalazAstrapAraMgata vidvAna the| sAhitya, yoga, sAMkhya, dharmazAstra, tantra, vedAnta -- sabhI viSayoM para unakI marmasparzI racanAe~ prApta haiN| ------ lalita Agama - rautrika AgamoM meM se eka 'lalita Agama' bhI hai| lalitakAntA devI vrata tithitattva (pu0 41, kAlikApurANa 'ko udghRta karate hue) ke anusAra 'maGgalacaNDikA' hI lalitakAntA devI ke nAma se pukArI jAtI haiM, jinakI do bhujAe~ haiM, gaura varNa hai tathA jo raktima kamala para saMsthita haiM, aadi| isa devI kI pUjA se saundarya aura samRddhi prApta hotI hai / - lava- lalitAvrata lalitA dakSiNa bhArata ke dakSiNamArgI zAkoM ke mata se lalitA sundarI devI ne jo A~khoM ko cauMdhiyA dene vAlI AbhA se yukta haiM, caNDI kA sthAna le liyA hai| inake yajJa, pUjA Adi kI paddhati caNDI ke samAna hI hai / caNDI (durgA) - pATha ke sthAna para lalitopAkhyAna, lalitAsahasranAma, lalitAtrizatI kA pATha hotA hai / ye tInoM grantha brahmANDa purANa se liye gaye haiM / lalitopAkhyAna meM devI dvArA bhaNDAsura tathA anya daityoM ke vadha kA varNana hai| lalitA kI pUjA meM pazubali niSiddha hai| lalitAtantra - 'AgamatattvavilAsa' meM uddhRta causaTha tantroM kI sUcI meM lalitAtantra bhI uddhRta hai| lalitAtrizatI -- devI ke tIna sau nAmoM kA saMgraha | dakSiNa bhArata ke kucha kSetroM meM caNDI ke sthAna para lalitA kI upAsanA karane vAle bhakta devI kI pUjA ke samaya isI kA pATha karate haiN| isa para zaMkarAcAryakRta bhASya bhI upalabdha hotA hai / de0 'lalitA' / lalitAvrata - mAgha zukla tRtIyA ke dina madhyAhna kAla meM tila tathA Avale kA ubaTana zarIra meM lagAkara kisI nadI meM snAna karanA cAhie tathA puSpAdi se lalitA devI kA pUjana karanA caahie| tAmrapAtra meM jala, suvarNa kA Tukar3A tathA akSata DAlakara kisI brAhmaNa ke sammukha rakha denA caahie| brAhmaNa usI pAtra kA jala maMtroccAraNa karate hue vratI ke Upara chidd'ke| mahilA vratI ko suvarNa kA dAna karanA cAhie tathA aise jala kA sevana karanA cAhie jisameM kuza par3A ho / rAtri ko devI meM hI dhyAna kendrita karate hue bhUmi para zayana karanA caahie| dUsare dina brAhmaNoM tathA eka sadhavA nArI kA sammAna kiyA jaay| yaha vrata varSa bhara ke lie hai jisameM devI ke bhinnabhinna nAma bArahoM mahInoM meM prayukta hote haiM ( jaise IzAnI prathama mAsa meM, lalitA AThaveM meM gaurI bArahaveM mAsa meM ) / strI vratI ko zukla tRtIyA ko upavAsa karate hue kramaza: bAraha vastuoM kA AhAra karanA cAhie, jaise kuzoM se pavitra kiyA huA jala, dUdha, ghRta ityAdi vrata ke anta meM eka brAhmaNa tathA usakI patnI kA sammAna kiyA jAnA cAhie / isase putra, saundarya tathA svAsthya prApta hone ke sAtha sAtha kabhI bhI vaidhavya prApta nahIM hotaa| bhaviSyottara purANa, agni purANa, matsya purANa Adi granthoM meM lalitAtRtIyA kA ullekha karate hue batalAyA gayA hai ki caitra

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lalitASaSThI-liGga 567 zukla tRtIyA ko hI bhagavAn ziva ne gaurI ke sAtha varNana hai| isa grantha para rAmakRSNa dIkSita, sAyaNa aura vivAha kiyA thA / matsya purANa (60.11 ) ke anusAra agnisvAmI ke acche bhASya haiN| satI kA nAma hI lalitA hai, kyoMki akhila brahmANDa meM ve lAladAsa-meva jAti ke antargata lAladAsa nAma ke eka sarvocca tathA sarvazreSTha sundarI hai| brahmANDa purANa ke anta nirguNa upAsaka santa jilA alavara (rAjasthAna) meM ho (adhyAya 44) meM lalitAsampradAya para eka pRthak vibhAga gaye haiN| inakI mRtyu 1705 vi0 meM huii| inakI zikSAoM hI likhA gayA hai| tathA padoM kA saMgraha 'bAnI' kahalAtA hai / inase hI lAlalalitASaSThI-yaha vrata adhikAMzataH mahilAoM ke lie hai| dAsI paMtha pracalita huaa| lAladAsI AcArya apane prArabhAdra zukla SaSThI ko bA~sa ke pAtra meM nadI kI bAlU lAkara mbhika AcArya ke samAna hI vivAhita hote haiM / isa samprausake pA~ca gola-gola laDDU se banAkara unake Upara bhinna- dAya kI pUjA meM kevala rAmanAma kA japa sammilita hai| bhinna prakAra ke 28 yA 108 puSpoM, phaloM tathA bhA~ti- lAladAsI paMtha kabIradAsa kI zikSAoM se prabhAvita jAna bhA~ti ke khAdya padArthoM se lalitA devI kI pUjA karanI par3atA hai| caahie| usa dina apanI sakhiyoM ke sAtha mahilA binA lAladAsI paMtha-de0 'lAladAsa' / A~kha banda kiye jAgaraNa kare tathA saptamI ke dina vaha lAladeva-caudahavIM zatAbdI meM eka adhyAtmajJAnI vRddhA, samasta khAdya kisI devIbhakta ko de diyA jAya / tadanantara jisakA nAma lAladeda thA, kazmIra meM ho gayI hai| usakI kanyAoM tathA pA~ca yA dasa brAhmaNa patniyoM ko bhojana sarala bAniyA~ kazmIra kI sukhada ghATI meM bahulatA se prayukta karAkara 'lalitA devI prasIdatu meM' mantroccAraNa karate hotI hai| kazmIrI bhASA meM usake pada lokapriya haiN| hue unheM vidA kara diyA jaay| griyarsana ne usake kucha chandoM kA aMgrejI anuvAda kiyA hai| lavaNadAna-mArgazIrSa pUrNimA ko yadi mRgazirA nakSatra ho taba lAvaNyagaurIvrata-caitra zukla paJcamI ke dinoM isa vrata kA yaha vrata karanA cAhie / candrodaya ke samaya eka prastha bhUmi anuSThAna hotA hai / paJcAGgAnusAra yaha vrata tamilanADu meM kA (kSAra) lavaNa kisI pAtra meM rakhakara, jisakA kendra adhika pracalita hai| sUvarNa se yukta ho, kisI brAhmaNa ko dAna de diyA jaay| lAvaNyavata-kArtikI pUrNimA ke uparAnta pratipadA ko isa kRtya se saundarya tathA saubhAgya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| vastra ke Tukar3e para pradyumna kI AkRti banavAkara athavA lavaNasaMkrAntivrata-saMkrAnti ke dina snAna ke uparAnta unakI mUrti banavAkara usakA pUjana karanA caahie| usa kesara ke lepa se aSTadala kamala kI AkRti banAnI dina nakta vidhi se AhAra karanA cAhie / mArgazIrSa mAsa caahie| usake madhya meM sUrya kI pratimA kA pUjana karanA ke prArambha hote hI tIna dinoM taka upavAsa karanA cAhie cAhie tathA usake sammukha eka pAtra meM lavaNa tathA gur3a tathA pradyumna mahArAja kA pUjana karanA caahie| havana rakhanA cAhie / bAda meM vaha pAtra lavaNAdi sahita dAna meM ghRtAhatiyA~ dI jAnI cAhie / brAhmaNoM ko mukhya rUpa kara denA caahie| varSa bhara yaha kAryavAhI calanI se lavaNa vAlA bhojana karAnA cAhie / anta meM eka prastha cAhie / vrata ke anta meM suvarNa kI sUryapratimA banavAkara namaka, eka jor3A vastra, suvarNa tathA kA~se kA pAtra dAna lavaNapUrNa pAtra tathA eka gau sahita dAna kara denA caahie| meM denA vihita hai| yaha mAsavata hai, isalie eka mAsa taka yaha saMkrAntivrata hai| calanA caahie| isase saundarya tathA svarga kI prApti lATyAyanasUtra-sAmavedIya dUsarA zrautasUtra / yaha kauthumI hotI hai| zAkhA ke antargata hai| yaha grantha bhI paJcaviMza brAhmaNa kA hI liGga-pratIka athavA cihna / avyakta athavA amUrta sattA aMga hai / usake bahuta se vAkya isameM Aye haiM / isake pahale kA sthUla pratIka hI liGga hai| isake mAdhyama se avyakta prapAThaka meM somayAga ke sAdhAraNa niyama haiN| AThaveM aura sattA kA dhyAna kiyA jAtA hai| mahAbhArata, zAntiparva naveM adhyAya ke kucha aMza ekAha yAga kI praNAlI para hai| ke pAzupata paricchedoM meM zivaliGga ke prati ati zraddhAnaveM adhyAya ke zeSAMza meM kucha divasoM taka calane vAlI bhakti pradarzita kI gayI hai| kintu pUrvavartI sAhitya meM zreNI ke yajJoM kA varNana hai| dasaveM adhyAya meM sUtroM kA isakA ullekha nahIM miltaa| (Rgveda meM 'ziznadevAH'

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568 liGgavata-liGgAyata zabda milatA hai, kintu liGga zizna nahIM hai; yaha jyoti vyApaka rUpa se pracalita thI aura AkAra tathA vidhi ke athavA prakAza kA pratIka hai|) saMprati sabhI zaivasampradAya thor3e-bahuta bheda ke sAtha sAre saMsAra ke mUrtipUjaka liGgaliGga kI pUjA karate haiN| pUjana karate the| misra meM, yUnAna meM, bAbula meM, asura deza meM, liGgAyata sampradAya meM liGga kA bahuta adhika mahattva iTalI meM, phrAMsa tathA amerikA meM, aphrIkA meM, tathA poNlihai| aSTavarga, jo liGgAyatoM kA eka saMskAra hai, bacce ke neziyA dvIpoM meM liGgapUjA hotI thii| makkA kI masjida janma ke bAda pApoM se usakI rakSA ke lie kiyA jAtA meM Aja bhI eka patthara athavA liGga hai, jise musalamAna hai| liGga bhI aSTavargoM meM se eka hai / pratyeka liGgAyata yAtrI camate haiN| vaha svayaM muhammada sAhaba ke hAthoM vahA~ gale meM liGga dhAraNa karatA hai / rakhA gayA hai| hindU-bhArata meM to zivapUjA aura liGgaliGgavata-ye saba vrata kArtika zukla caturdazI se prArambha pUjA anAdi kAla se paramparAgata rahI hai| hote haiN| inameM zivajI kA pUjana hotA hai| isa avasara kintu liGgapUjA ziznapUjA nahIM hai, jaisA ki bahuta se para nakta vidhi se AhAra karanA cAhie / cAvala ke ATe loga samajhate haiN| 'ziznodara parAyaNa' ko hindU dharma meM se eka arani jitanA bar3A zivaliGga banAyA jAya, isa ghRNita samajhA jAtA hai / Rgveda meM 'ziznadeva' isI ghaNita liGga para eka prastha tila caDhAnA caahie| mArgazIrSa artha meM prayukta hai / liGga vAstava meM pratIka mAtra hai| yaha zakla caturdazI ko zivaliMga para kesara kA pralepa karanA nizcala, sthira tathA dRr3ha jJAnaskandha kA pratIka hai / bhArata caahie| isa vidhi se prati mAsa varSa bhara bhinna-bhinna meM aneka liGgoM kI sthApanA huI hai, jinameM dvAdaza jyotiprakAra ke pralepa, dhUpa tathA naivedyAdi kA prayoga karanA liGga vizeSa prasiddha haiN| caahie| isase gambhIra se gambhIra pAtakI paviA hokara liGgAyata-vIra zaivoM kA anya nAma liMgAyata bhI hai| isa rudraloka prApta kara letA hai / liMga kA nirmANa pavitra bhasma sampradAya kI utpatti karnATaka ke samudrataTa para tathA mahAse, sukhe gau ke gobara se, reNu se yA sphaTika pASANa se rASTra deza meM 12vIM zatAbdI ke madhya haI / yadyapi vIra kiyA jA sakatA hai, kintu sarvottama liGga to narmadA ke zaiva athavA vIra mAhezvara apane sampradAya ko ati prAcIna udgama vAle parvata kI raja se hI nirmita ho sakatA hai| mAnate haiN| karnATaka meM saikar3oM varSoM taka yA to zava the liGgadhArI-zaivoM meM bhagavAna ziva kI ananya aura pragAr3ha yA digambara jaina / isa naye sampradAya kI sthApanA zaiva bhakti karane vAle vIra mAhezvara yA vIra zaiva haiM, jinheM dharma kI nizcita suvyavasthA ke lie tathA jainiyoM ko liGgAyata bhI kahate haiN| pAzupatoM yA zaivoM meM liGgI vA apane sampradAya meM lene ke lie huii| sampradAya kI do liGgadhArI tathA aliGgI vA sAdhAraNa liDArcana karane mukhya vizeSatAe~ haiM-(1) maThoM kI pradhAnatA tathA (2) vAle, ye do prakAra haiM / liGgadhArI hI liGgAyata kahalAte dhArmika aura sAmAjika kSetra meM pratyeka liMgAyata kA haiM jo mAMsa-matsyAdi kA parityAga karate haiN| smaanaadhikaar| liGgapurANa-aThAraha mahApurANa meM se gyArahavA~ purANa / vIra zavoM kI sAmpradAyika vyavasthA mahattvapUrNa hai| liGga tathA kUrma purANoM zaiva varga ke haiM jo vaiSNava vargIya inake pA~ca prArambhika maTha the jinake mahanta pA~ca agni tathA garuDa purANa jaisI vizeSatAe~ rakhate haiN| saMnyAsI the : inameM AgamoM aura tantroM kI zikSAoM kA bhI samAveza hai maTha pradeza prathama mahanta aura ina granthoM kA prasaMga bhI yathAsthAna AyA hai| donoM 1. kedAranAtha himAlaya pradeza ekorAma meM kucha parivartana tathA parivardhana ke sAtha ziva ke 28 2. zrIzaila tailaMga pradeza paNDitArAdhya avatAroM tathA unake ziSyoM kA varNana (vAyu se liyA 3. balehallI pazcimI maisUra revaNa gayA) upasthita hai / liGgapurANa meM oMkAra ke rahasyamaya 4. ujjayinI belArI sImA marula artha para vizeSa vicAra kiyA gayA hai| 5. vArANasI uttara pradeza vizvArAdhya liGgapUjA--purAtattva ke vidvAnoM kA kahanA hai ki liGga- pratyeka liMgAyata grAma meM eka maTha hotA hai jo kisI na pUjA kisI samaya, vizeSataH IsA ke pUrva sAre saMsAra meM kisI Adi maTha se sambandhita hotA hai| jaGgama eka jAti hai

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liGgArcanavrata-lIlAcarita jisake sabhI liGgAyata guru sadasya hote haiM / pratyeka liGgAyAta ko kisI na kisI maTha se sambandhita honA cAhie tathA usakA eka guru honA caahie| liGgAyata ziva ko hI sarvezvara mAnate haiM tathA ekamAtra ziva kI pUjA karate haiM / ve ziva kI pUjA do prakAroM se karate haiM; apane guru jaGgama kI pUjA tathA gale meM laTakane vAle choTe liGga kI pUjA / jaba baccA paidA hotA hai to pitA apane guru ko bulAtA hai, vaha bacce kI rakSA ke lie aSTavarga saMskAra karatA hai / isake ATha vibhAga haiM-- guru, liGga, vibhUti, rudrAkSa, mantra, jaGgama, tIrtha aura prasAda isa saMskAra se bAlaka liGgAyata bana jAtA hai| pratyeka liGgAyata ko eka guru svIkAra karanA hotA hai / isa avasara para eka saMskAra hotA hai, isameM pA~ca pAtroM kA prayoga hotA hai jo pA~coM Adi vihAroM ke AdimahantoM kA pratinidhitva karate haiM / cAra pAtra vedI ke ekaeka kone para tathA madhya meM vaha rakhA jAtA jisase guru kA sambandha hotA hai / dIkSA lene vAlA jisa maTha se apanA sambandha sthApita karanA cAhatA hai usake mahanta pratinidhi pAtra ko kendra meM rakhatA hai| hai ke pratyeka liGgAyata dina meM do bAra bhojana ke pUrva pUjA karatA hai| vaha apane gale se liGga lekara hathelI para rakhatA hai tathA batAye gaye DhaMga se pUjA va dhyAna meM lIna ho jAtA hai| jaba guru cele ke ghara Ate haiM taba pAdodaka saMskAra hotA hai, jisameM usa parivAra ke sabhI loga bandhu bAndhava sameta sammilita hote haiM aura gRhasvAmI guru ke caraNoM kI pUjA SoDazopacArapUrvaka karatA hai / janama ke do artha hai eka to jAti kA sadasya aura dUsarA jo jaGgamAbhyAsa karatA hai| kevala dUsarA hI pUjanIya hotA hai / bahuta se jaGgama vivAha karate tathA jIvikopA rjana karate haiM, kintu abhyAsI jaGgama brahmacarya kA pAlana karate haiM / unakI zikSA kisI maTha meM hotI hai tathA ve dIkSita hote haiM / ye do prakAra ke hote haiN| prathama gurusthala janama ve hai jo pArivArika saMskAroM ke karAne kI zikSA lekara guru kA kArya karate haiM / pA~coM maThoM kA nAma bhI gurusthala hai| dUsarA varga hai virakta jaGgamoM kA, inake lie vizeSa maTha hote haiM jahAM inheM dArzanika zikSA dA jAtI 72 569 hai / ina maThoM ko SaTsthala maTha kahate haiM kyoMki yahA~ ziva ke sAtha ekatva prApta karane ke chaH sthaloM kI zikSA dI jAtI hai / liGgAyatoM meM do varga haiM-- eka pUrNa liGgAyata, dUsare ardha liGgAyata / ardha liMgAyatoM kI pUjA apUrNa tathA jAtibheda bahuta hI kar3A hai| pUrNa liMgAyata antarjAtIya vivAha nahIM karate kintu bhojana sabhI ke sAtha kara lete haiM / pUrNa liMgAyata zava ko jalAte haiM / ye zAkAhArI hote hai bAlavivAha inameM varjita hai kintu vidhavAvivAha hotA hai / vIrazaivoM ko yaha zikSA dI jAtI hai ki ve isI janma meM sikhAye hue dhyAna kI chaH avasthAoM se hokara mokSa prApta kara sakate haiM unake abhyAsa meM bhakti kA bar3A mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / / liGgAyata sAhitya adhikAMza kannaDa tathA saMskRta meM hai / kintu kucha mahatvapUrNa prantha telugu bhASA meM bhI haiN| eka ati prAcIna grantha hai 'paMDitArAdhya kA jIvana' / ise somanAtha ne saMskRta tathA telugu mizrita bhASA meM likhA hai / anya grantha basavapurANa, zrIkarabhASya ( vedAntasUtra kA bhASya ), sUkSma Agama pUrNa liGgAyata haiN| liGgAyatoM meM pracalita mahattvapUrNa kannaDa bhASA kI zikSAe~ 'vacana' kaha lAtI haiN| kucha kannaDahI purANa bhI isa sampradAya ke haiM jinameM rAghavAracita 'siddharAma' bahuta prasiddha hai / liGgAnavrata zanivArayukta kArtika zukla trayodazI ko isa - vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| usa dina zivajI ke eka sau nAmoM kA japa karanA caahie| pradoSakAla meM paJcAmRta se snAna karAkara liGga rUpa meM zivajI kA pUjana karanA cAhie / skandapurANa (1.17.59-91 ) isa vrata kA varNana karatA hai| zlokasaMkhyA 75-89 meM zivajI ke 100 nAma ginAye gaye haiM / liGgArcanI zAkhA - yoM to sabhI zaiva liGgArcana karate haiM, kintu pragAr3ha zivabhaktoM kA sampradAya vIra mAhezvara yA vIra va apane aGga para nirantara liGga dhAraNa karane ke kAraNa liGgAyata kahalAtA hai| prati dina do bAra liGgArcana karane ke kAraNa isa zAkhA ko liGgArcanI zAsA bhI kahA gayA hai / lIlAcarita -mAnabhAu pantha yA datta sampradAya kA eka prAcIna grantha lIlAcarita hai / inake sabhI grantha marAThI meM

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570 lIlAzaka-lohAbhisArikAkRtya haiM / apane sAhitya ko gupta rakhane lie sAmpradAyikoM ne nAma kRSNapAda milatA hai| janma bhI dakSiNa meM hI huA grantha lekhana ke lie eka bhinna lipi kA bhI upayoga thaa| inhoMne rAmAnujAcArya kA mata samajhAne ke lie kiyA hai| do granthoM kI racanA kI-tattvatraya' aura 'tattvazekhara' / lolAzuka-viSNusvAmI sampradAya ke caudahavIM-pandrahavIM 'tattvatraya' meM cit tattva yA Atmatattva, acit yA jar3a zatI ke eka AcArya bilvamaGgala ho gaye haiN| inakA hI tattva aura Izvara tattva kA nirUpaNa karate hue rAmAnujIya dUsarA nAma lolAzaka hai| inhoMne 'kRSNakarNAmRta' nAmaka siddhAnta kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| kahIM-kahIM para anya bar3e hI madhura bhaktirasapUrNa kAvyagraMtha kI racanA kI hai| matoM kA khaNDana bhI kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha para barbara lumbinI (kAnana)-yaha mUlataH bauddha tIrtha hai| aba yahA~ muni kA bhASya bhI milatA hai| sthAnIya loga devI kI pUjA karate haiN| yaha buddha kI mAtA lokAyatadarzana-loka evaM Ayata, arthAt 'lokoM' janoM meM mAyA devI kA Adhunika rUpa hai| yaha sthAna nepAla kI 'Ayata' phailA huA darzana hI lokAyata hai / isakA dUsarA tarAI meM pUrvottara relave kI gorakhapura-nautanavA~ lAina ke artha vaha darzana hai jisakI sampUrNa mAnyatAe~ isI bhautika nautanavA~ sTezana se 20 mIla uttara hai aura gorakhapura-goMDA jagat meM sImita haiN| yaha bhautikavAdI athavA nAstika lAina ke naugar3ha sTezana se 10 mIla hai| naugar3ha se yahA~ darzana hai / isakA anya nAma cArvAka darzana bhI hai| vizeSa taka pakkA mArga bhI bana gayA hai / gautama buddha kA janma vivaraNa ke lie de0 'cArvAka darzana' / yahIM huA thaa| yahA~ ke prAcIna vihAra naSTa ho cuke haiN| locanadAsa-caitanya sampradAya ke isa pratiSThita kavi ne eka azokastambha hai jisa para azoka kA abhilekha solahavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa meM 'caitanyamaGgala' utkIrNa hai| isake atirikta samAdhistupa bhI hai, jisameM buddha nAmaka kAvya grantha kI racanA kI / kI mUrti hai / nepAla sarakAra dvArA nirmita do stUpa aura lopA-taittirIya saMhitA (5.59.18.1) meM lopA azvamedha haiM / rumminadeI kA mandira tathA puSkariNI darzanIya hai| yajJa kI balitAlikA meM uddhRta hai| ise sAyaNa ne eka loka-Rgveda Adi saMhitAoM meM loka kA artha vizva hai| prakAra kA pakSI, sambhavataH zmazAnazakuni' (zavabhakSI tIna lokoM kA ullekha prAyaH hotA hai| 'ayaM lokaH' kauvA) batalAyA hai| (yaha loka) sarvadA 'asau lokaH' (paraloka athavA svarga) ke lopAmudrA-Rgveda (1.179.4) kI eka RcA meM lopApratiloma artha meM prayukta huA hai| loka kA kabhI-kabhI mudrA kA ullekha agastya kI strI ke rUpa meM jAna par3atA svarga artha bho kiyA gayA hai| vaidika paricchedoM meM aneka hai| yaha prabuddha mahilA svayaM RSi thii| vibhinna lokoM kA ullekha huA hai / laukika saMskRta meM lomaza RSi-lomaza RSi ko 'lomazarAmAyaNa' kA prAyaH tIna lokoM kA hI ullekha milatA hai : (1) svarga racayitA mAnA jAtA hai| ye amara samajhe jAte haiN| racayitA mAnA jAtA hai| amara: (2) pRthvI aura (3) pAtAla / lohAbhisArikAkRtya-jo rAjA vijayecchu ho use Azvina lokavrata-caitra zukla pakSa meM isa vrata kA prArambha hotA hai| zukla pratipadA se aSTamI taka yaha dhArmika kRtya karanA sAta dinoM taka nimna vastuoM kA kramazaH sevana karanA caahie| sone, cA~dI athavA miTTI kI durgAjI kI cAhie-gomUtra, gomaya, dugdha, dadhi, ghRta tathA jala pratimA kA pUjana isameM hotA hai / isa avasara para astrajisameM kuza DUbA huA ho| saptamI ko upavAsa kA vidhAna zastra tathA rAjatva ke upakaraNa (chatra, ca~vara Adi) kA hai / mahAvyAhRtiyoM (bhUH bhuvaH svaH) kA uccAraNa karate bhI mantroM se pUjana kiyA jAnA caahie| janazruti hai ki hue tiloM se havana karanA caahie| varSa ke anta meM vastra, loha nAma kA eka rAkSasa thaa| devatAoM ne usake kA~sA tathA gau dAna kI jAnI caahie| isa vrata se vratI zarIra ke Tukar3e-Tukar3e kara diye / Aja jitanA bhI lohA ko rAjatva prApta hotA hai| milatA hai vaha usI ke zarIra ke avayavoM se nirmitta huA lokAcArya-viziSTAdvaita sampradAya meM lokAcArya vedAntA- hai| lohAbhisAra kA tAtparya yaha hai ki lohe ke astracArya ke hI samasAmayika aura viziSTa vidvAn hue hai| zastroM ko AkAza meM ghumAnA ( lohAbhisAro'strabhRtAM inakA kAla vikrama kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI aura pitA kA rAjJAM nIrAjano vidhi:-amrkosh)| jisa samaya

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lohitAhi-vajra 571 vijayecchu rAjA AkramaNa ke lie prayANa karatA thA, usa AraNyaka meM bhI eka lauhitya yA lohikya nAmaka AcArya samaya usake zarIra ko pavitra jala se abhiSiJcita kiyA kA ullekha hai| jAtA thA, athavA dIpoM kI paMktiyoM ko nArAjanA ke rUpa (2) brahmaputra ke UparI pravAha kA nAma lauhitya hai / meM usake cAroM ora ghumAyA jAtA thaa| yaha kArya usa bhArata ke pavitra nadoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / pUrvottara samaya lohAbhisArika karma kahalAtA thaa| udyogaparva sImAnta meM yaha pravAhita hotA hai / de0 'lauhityasnAna' / (160.93) meM 'lohAbhisAro nirvRttaH' vAkya milatA hai| lauhityasnAna-brahmaputra nadI meM snAna karane ko lauhityanIlakaNTha vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki isameM astra- snAna kahate haiM / brahmaputra bhArata kA pavitra nada hai| isameM zastroM ke sammukha dIpa prajvalita karake unakI AratI snAna karanA puNyadAyaka mAnA jAtA hai| de0 'brahmaputrautArate hue devatAoM se apanI rakSA ke lie prArthanA kI snAna' / jAtI hai| lohitAhi-lohita + ahi (lAla sA~pa) / eka prakAra ke sapa kA nAma hai jisakA ullekha yajuHsaMhitA ke azvamedha va-antaHstha varNoM kA cauthA akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isake yajJa kI balitAlikA meM huA hai| svarUpa kA varNana nimnAMkita hai : laugAkSi-sAmaveda zAkhA paramparA ke antargata pauSyaJji vakAraM caJcalApAGgi kuNDalImokSamavyayam / ke ziSya laugAkSi sAmaveda ke zAkhApravartakoM meM the / paJcaprANamayaM varNaM trizaktisahitaM sadA / / inake ziSya tANDyaputra rANAyanIya, suvidvAn, mUlacArI iibandusahitaM varNamAtmAdi tattvasaMyutam / Adi the| paJcadevamayaM varNaM pItavidyallatAmayam / / logAkSikAThakagRhyasUtra-yajurvedIya gRhyasUtroM meM laugAkSi caturvargapradaM varNaM sarvasiddhipradAyakam / kAThakagRhyasUtra bhI sammilita hai, isa para devapAla kI eka trizaktisahitaM devi tribindusahitaM sadA // vRtti prApta hotI hai| varNoddhAratantra meM isakA dhyAna isa prakAra batalAyA laugAkSibhAskara-vaizeSika tathA nyAya kI saMyukta zAkhA kA anumodana jina vaizeSika tathA naiyAyika AcAryoM ke granthoM kundapuSpaprabhAM devIM dvibhujAM paGkajekSaNAm / se huA, unameM laugAkSibhAskara prasiddha dArzanika hue haiN| zuklamAlyAmbaradharAM ratnahArojjvalAM parAm / / ye 1657 vi0 ke lagabhaga vartamAna the / karmamImAMsA para sAdhakAbhISTadAM siddhAM siddhidAM siddhasevitAm / inakA eka grantha 'arthasaMgraha' aura nyAya-vaizeSika mata para evaM dhyAtvA vakAraMtu tanmanvaM dazadhA japet / / anya grantha 'padArthamAlA' prasiddha hai| vaMzabrAhmaNa--eka brAhmaNa grantha / paricaya sahita yaha grantha lauriya kRSNadAsa-pandrahavI zatAbdI ke prArambha meM utpanna barnela sAhaba ne maMgalaura se (san 1873-1876,1877 eka baMgAlI kavi / inhoMne 'bhaktiratnAvalI' kA anuvAda meM) prakAzita kiyA thaa| ba~galA meM bar3I yogyatA se kiyA hai| 'bhaktiratnA- vagalAmukhI-zAkta matAnusAra dasa mahAvidyAoM (mukhya valI' svAmI viSNapurI dvArA racita madhvamata sambandhI deviyoM) meM eka mahAvidyA / 'zAktapramoda' ke antargata dasoM grantha hai tathA isakA viSaya hai bhagavadgItA ke bhaktiviSayaka mahAvidyAoM ke alaga-alaga tantra haiM, jinameM inakI kathAe~, sundaratama sthaloM kA saMgraha / dhyAna aura upAsanA vidhi dI huI hai / lau sena-de0 'mayUra bhaTTa' / vacana-pracalita liGgAyata mata ke antargata saMgrahIta prAralohitya-(1) lohita ke vaMzaja, jaiminIya upaniSad mbhika kannaDa upadeza bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa haiN| inheM vacana brAhmaNa ke aneka AcAryoM kA pitRbodhaka nAma, jisake kahate haiM / inameM se kucha svayaM AcArya vasava dvArA racita anusAra lauhitya kula kA rocaka adhyayana kiyA jA sakatA hai tathA anya paravartI mahAtmAoM ke haiN| hai / yathA kRSNadatta, kRSNarAta, jayaka, triveda kRSNarAta, vajra-(1) indra devatA kA bhakhya astra, jo RSi dadhIci dakSa jayanta, palligupta, mitrabhRti prabhRti nAma / zAGkhAyana kI asthiyoM se nirmita ka aa jAtA hai| yaha astra cakrAkAra gayA hai:

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572 aura tIkSNa koNoM se yukta hotA hai| isake aneka nAma haiM, yathA - azani, abhrotya, bahudAra, bhidira yA chidaka, dambhoti, jasuri, hrAdinI, kuliMga, pavi SaTkoNa, zambha evaM svaru / 7 (2) aniruddha kA putra usakI mAtA aniruddha kI patnI subhadrA athavA daityakumArI uSA kahI jAtI hai / yAdavoM ke vinAza ke pazcAt aura dvArakA ke jalamagna ho jAne para vahI anta meM mathurAmaNDala kA rAjA banAyA gayA thaa| vajrasUcI upaniSad - yaha eka paravartI upaniSad hai / kahA jAtA hai, yaha kisI bauddha tArkika (azvaghoSa ) kI racI huI hai| vajulI (dvAdazI) kaI prakAra kI dvAdaziyoM meM se eka dvAdazI / vaJjulI usa dvAdazI ko kahate haiM jo sUryodaya se Arambha hokara agale sUryodaya taka vidyamAna rahe tathA usa dina bhI thor3I dera rhe| ataeva yaha sambhava hai ki dvAdazI ko upavAsa karake dvAdazI meM hI dUsare dina vrata kI pAraNA kara lI jAya / dUsarI tithi meM pAraNA karane kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai / usa dina bhagavAn nArAyaNa kI suvarNapratimA kA pUjana kiyA jaay| isakA mAhAtmya tathA puNya sahasra rAjasUya yajJoM se bhI adhika mAnA jAtA hai / vaTasAvitrIvata peSTha mAsa kI amAvasyA ko sadhavA mahi vAe~ saubhAgya rakSArtha yaha vrata karatI hai| isameM vividha prakAra se vaTavRkSa kA pUjana kiyA jAtA hai aura pati ke svAsthya tathA dIrghAyuSya kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai / vatsa - kaNva ke vaMzaja athavA putra vatsa kA Rda meM gAyaka ke rUpa meM ullekha huA hai| paJcavizabrAhmaNa ke anusAra unheM apanI vaMzazuddhatA medhAtithi ke sammukha pradarzita karane ke lie agniparIkSA denI par3I tathA usameM ve saphala nikle| zAGkhAyana zrautasUtra meM unheM tirindara pArazavya se prabhUta dAna pAnevAlA kahA gayA hai / Apastamba zrautasUtra meM bhI unakA ullekha hai / vatsa eka upagotra ( vatsa gotra ) ke pravartaka bhI mAne jAte haiN| vatsadvAdazI-kArtika kRSNa dvAdazI / isa dina bachar3e vAlI gau kA candana ke lepa, mAlA, ardhyase urada kI dAla ke bar3oM kA naivedya banAkara sammAna karanA caahie| usa dina vratI tela kA pakA huA athavA kar3AhI meM huA bhojana evaM gI ke dUdha, ghI, dahI tathA makkhana kA pari tyAga kare aura bachar3oM ko chuTTA dUdha pIne diyA jAya / -- / vajrasUcI upaniSad-varayatApanIyopaniSad vatsarAdhipapUjA varSa ke svAmI kA pUjana caitra mAsa meM jisa dina nayA varSa prArambha hotA haiM usa dina kA vAra hI varSa kA svAmI hotA hai usI dina varSa ke svAmI kA pUjana honA cAhie / vana - zaGkara ke anuyAyI dasanAmI saMnyAsiyoM meMse vana bhI eka varga hai| ye govardhana maTha (jagannAthapurI) ke antargata Ate haiN| varacaturthI - mArgazIrSa zukla caturthI / yaha tithivrata hai / prati mAsa kI caturthI ko gaNeza kA pUjana karanA caahie| usa dina kSAra tathA lavaNa kA tyAgakara ekabhakta vidhi se bhojana karanA caahie| yaha vrata cAra sAla taka calanA cAhie | kintu dvitIya varSa nakta vidhi se, tRtIya varSa ayAcita vidhi se tathA caturtha varSa upavAsa ke sAtha vrata karane kA vidhAna hai / varadaguru -- AcArya varadaguru pandrahavIM zatI meM hue the / ve veMkaTanAtha ke putra tathA naganArAcArya ke ziSya the / unakA dUsarA nAma prativAdibhayaGkaram asnana thA / tArkika hone ke kAraNa unakA yaha nAma par3A / varadaguru ne veMkaTanAtha kI prazaMsA meM 'saptatiratnamAlikA' nAmaka kAvya kI racanA kii| naganArAcArya ne vedAntAcArya ke 'adhikaraNasArAvalI' nAmaka grantha kI TIkA likhI hai| varadaguru veGkaTanAtha ke ananya bhakta aura naganArAcArya ke upayukta ziSya evaM viziSTAdvaita mata ke samarthaka the / unhoMne 'tattvatrayaculukasaMgraha' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI jisameM rAmAnuja svAmI ke siddhAnta kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| varacaturthI gAtha zukla caturthI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| varada (vinAyaka yA gaNapati) kI caturthI evaM paJcamIko kundapuSpoM se pUjA karanI cAhie, aisA 'samayapradIpa' kA lekha hai / jabaki 'kRtyaratnAkara' aura 'varSakRtyakaumudI' kahate haiM ki 'varacaturthI' ke dina vratArambha karake paJcamI ke dina kundapuSpoM se gaNeza kA pUjana karanA cAhie / yahI paJcamI zrI paJcamI hai / 'vara' kA tAtparya hai vinAyaka / varadatApanIyopaniSad -- isakA anya nAma gaNapatitApanIyopaniSad bhI hai / yaha gANapatya mata kI upaniSad hai / isameM gaNeza ko hI parabrahma mAnakara unakA eka mantrarAja likhA gayA hai tathA usakI vyAkhyA narasiMhatApanIyopaniSad ke anukaraNa para kI gayI hai| racanAkAla kI dRSTi se isako navIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA mAnA jAtA hai|

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varadanAyakasUri-varAhapurANa 573 varadanAyaka sUri-ye AcArya varadaguru ke pazcAt utpanna nAmaka eka vyAkaraNa grantha ke racayitA bhI kahe jAte haiM / hue the| kyoMki inhoMne 'cidacidozvaratattvanirUpaNa' mahAbhASya ke pahale pANinIya sUtroM para kAtyAyana muni nAmaka apane grantha meM varadaguru ke 'tattvatrayaculuka' kA ne vArtika likhe haiM / inhoMne apane vArtika meM pANini ke ullekha kiyA hai / sambhavataH ye 16vIM zatI meM hue the| aneka sUtroM kI svataMtra samAlocanA kI hai / isakA vizeSa varadanAyaka ne apane grantha meM jIva, jagat aura Izvara ke uddezya yahI hai ki sUtroM kA artha aura tAtparya khula jAya / sambandha para vicAra kiyA hai| inakA vicAra bhI rAmAnuja ye vArtikakAra kAtyAyana hI vararuci the| kathAsaritsAgara svAmI ke viziSTAdvaita siddhAnta se milatA-julatA hai| meM likhA hai ki pArvatI ke zApa se vatsarAja udayana kI varadarAja-varadarAja viSNusvAmI matAvalambI the| inhoMne rAjadhAnI kauzAmbI meM kAtyAyana vararuci kA janma bhAgavata purANa kI eka TIkA likhI hai / isakI eka do sau haA thaa| varSa purAnI pANDulipi saMpUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya varalakSmIvrata-zrAvaNa pUrNimA ke dina jaba zukra graha pUrva ke pustakAlaya meM hai| kintu isakI parIkSA nahIM huI hai| meM udaya ho usa samaya vratI ko apane ghara kI uttara-pUrva inakA samaya anizcita hai| dizA meM eka maNDapa banAnA cAhie tathA usameM kalaza varadA caturthI--mAgha zukla cturthii| gaurI isako devatA kI sthApanA karanI caahie| kalaza para varalakSmI kA haiM / vizeSa rUpa se mahilAoM ke lie isa vrata kA mahattva AvAhana karake unakA 'zrIsUkta' ke mantroM se pUjana karanA hai / hemAdri, 1. 531 meM isakA nAma gaurIcaturthI hai jo cAhie / de0 'sAmrAjyalakSmIpIThikA' kA pR0 147sahI pratIta hotA hai| nirNayasindhu (pR0 133) ke anu- 149 (bhANDArakara risarca insTIcyUTa pUnA, 1925-26 sAra bhAdra zukla pakSa kI caturthI varadA caturthI hai / puruSArtha- kA pratilekha saM0 43) / cintAmaNi (pR0 95) ke anusAra mArgazIrSa zukla caturthI varATikAsaptamI-kisI bhI saptamI ke dina isa vrata kA varadA caturthI hai / anuSThAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| manuSya usa dina aise bhojana varadAcAyaM-varadArya yA varadAcArya rAmAnujAcArya ke bhAnaje para nirbhara rahe jo tIna kaur3iyoM meM kharIdA jA sake / usa aura ziSya tathA 'zrutaprakAzikA' TIkAkAra sudarzanAcArya kharIdI huI vastu kA khAnA cAhe usake lie ucita ho ke garu the / ve lagabhaga terahavIM zatI vikramI meM vidyamAna yA na ho / isake sUrya devatA hai| isake puNya tathA phala the / 'tattvanirNaya' grantha meM apanA gotra unhoMne vAtsya nahIM batAye gaye haiN| aura pitA kA nAma devarAjAcArya likhA hai / varadAcArya ne varAhadvAdazI-mAgha zukla dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna 'tattvanirNaya' nAmaka prabandha meM viSNu ko hI parabrahma siddha hotA hai| bhagavAn viSNu ke hI eka rUpa varAha isake kiyA hai / yaha grantha sambhavataH aprakAzita hai / devatA haiN| ekAdazI ko saMkalpa tathA pUjana karake eka varadottaratApanIya upaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSad / isakA kalaza meM sone kI varAha bhagavAn kI mUrti rakha denI sambandha gANapatya mata se hai| caahie| tadanantara unakI pUjA kara rAtri meM maNDapa meM baranavamI-isa vrata ke anusAra pratyeka navamI ko ATe kA / jAgaraNa kiyA jAya / dvitIya divasa vaha pratimA kisI AhAra nau varSaparyanta karanA cAhie / durgA isako devatA vidvAn tathA sadAcArI ko dAna meM de dI jaay| isake haiN| isase samasta manaHkAmanAeM pUrI hotI haiN| yadi pariNAmasvarUpa isI jIvana meM saubhAgya, sampatti, saundarya, vratI prati navamI ko binA pakA huA bhojana jIvanaparyanta sammAna, putrAdi sabhI kucha prApta ho jAtA hai / kare to ihaloka tathA paraloka meM ananta puNyoM tathA varAhapurANa-yaha vaiSNava purANa hai / isameM varAha avatAra phaloM kI prApti hotI hai| kI kathA kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai aura yaha varAha vararuci-sAmaveda kA gobhilakRta zrautasUtra puSpasUtra hai / dvArA pRthvI ko sunAyA gayA thaa| saMbhavataH nAmakaraNa kA ise dAkSiNAtyoM meM phulusUtra kahate hai aura ise vararuci kI yahI kAraNa ho sakatA hai / purANoM ke anusAra isameM 24 racanA batalAte hai / taittirIya prAtizAkhya para vararuci kA sahasra zloka hone cAhie, kintu upalabdha pratiyoM meM bhASya thA jo aba nahIM milatA hai| vararuci prAkRtaprakAza kevala 10 sahasra zloka pAye jAte haiN| isake do saMskaraNa

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574 milate haiM - (1) gauDIya aura (2) dAkSiNAtya / inameM prathama adhika prasiddha hai| isa purANa meM viSNu ke aneka vratoM kA vistRta varNana hai, vizeSakara dvAdazIvrata kA / pratyeka mAsa kI zukla dvAdazI kA sambandha viSNu ke ava tAravizeSa se jor3A gayA hai| isa purANa ke do AkhyAna bahuta prasiddha haiM -- mathurAmAhAtmya (a0 152-172) tathA nAciketopAkhyAna ( a0 193 - 212 ) / dUsare AkhyAna meM naciketA kI yamalokayAtrA ke sambandha meM svarga tathA naraka kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / varAhamihira khagolIya gaNita aura phalita jyotiSa ke prAcIna lekhaka varAhamihira nAma se hI ye mihira (sUrya) ke bhakta siddha hote haiM / inhoMne paJcasiddhAntikA, bRhajjAtaka Adi ke sAtha hI prasiddha grantha bRhatsaMhitA kI racanA kI / isake anusAra sUrya kI pratimA IrAnI zailI meM nirmita hotI thii| inhoMne ina mUrtiyoM tathA inake mandiroM kI sthApanA tathA maga brAhmaNoM dvArA prANapratiSThA karane Adi ke niyama batalAye hai| inakA samaya pAMcavIM chaThI zatI kA madhya bhAga inhIM kI grahagaNanA se siddha hotA hai / isase inakA vikramAditya ke navaratnoM meM honA pramANita nahIM hotaa| varAhasaMhitA vaiSNava saMhitAoM meM varAhasaMhitA sabase prAcIna mAnI jAtI hai| ---- varAhAvatAra viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM tRtIya sthAna varAhAvatAra kA hai / bhagavAn ne pAtAla loka se pRthvI ke uddhAra ke lie yaha avatAra dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isa avatAra ke prasaMga meM bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra jaya aura vijaya nAmaka bhagavAn ke dvArapAla sanatkumArAdi RSiyoM ke zApa ke kAraNa viSNuloka se cyuta hokara daitya yoni meM utpanna hue| unameM se eka kA nAma hiraNyAkSa thA, jisane pRthvI para adhikAra prAptakara use rasAtala meM chipA rakhA thA / ataH bhagavAn ne usakA vadha karake pRthvI kA uddhAra kiyaa| yaha kathAnaka isa avatAra se sambandhita hai / varivasyArahasya dakSiNamArgI zAkta grantha aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke prArambhika dazakoM meM taora ke rAjapaNDita bhAskararAya dvArA yaha racA gyaa| isakA viSaya zAkta usAsanA paddhati hai| yaha AryA chanda meM likhA gayA hai| varuNa - vaidika devoM meM varuNa kA sthAna sabase adhika prabhAvazAlI hai / inakA prabhAva bhArata-IrAnI kAla meM bar3ha gayA --- varAhamihira varuNa thA tathA 'ahuramajda' varuNa kA hI IrAnI pratirUpa pratIta hotA hai / kucha loga inakA prabhAva bhArata-yUropIya kAla se mAnate haiM tathA inakA sambandha yUnAnI 'auranaoNja' se sthApita karate haiM / katipaya prAcyavidyAvizArada candramA meM varuNa kA bhautika AdhAra mAnate haiM / varuNa AdityoM meM sAta (veM) hai tathA pro0 olDenabarga ne unako sUrya, candra tathA paJcagraharUpa batalAyA hai| Rgveda meM varuNa kA mitra se utanA hI sAmIpya hai jitanA avestA meM 'ahura majda' kA 'mitra' se donoM nAma varuNa evaM mitra bogAjakoI (IrAka) ke abhilekha meM uddhRta haiM (1400 I0 pU.) prAgaitihAsika kAla meM yUnAnI jiyasa ( dyaus) tathA auranoja ke jo guNa prakAza tathA gheranA kahe gaye haiM, ve bhAratIya varuNa devatA meM pAye jAte haiM / sAdhAraNa loga varuNa kA sambandha jala se sthApita karate haiM tathA isa prakAra varuNa ko varSA karane vAlA devatA bhI kahate haiM / mitra aura varuNa kA yugma (vaidika mitrAvaruNa) to bhArataIrAnI kAla se hI pracalita hai / de0 pIche 'mitra' / - varuNa aura nIti -- Rgveda (8.86) meM varuNa dvArA kI gayI Rta kI vyavasthA kA varNana hai| yaha vyavasthA bhautika, naitika aura karmakANDIya haiM / varuNa pApoM kI cetAvanI tathA daNDa dene ke lie roga bhI utpanna kara dete haiN| varuNa kI stuti pApa tathA daNDoM se mukti pAne ke lie (R0 7. 86. 5 Adi) kI jAtI thii| varuNa ko dayAlu devatA aura jIvana tathA mRtyu kA devatA bhI kahA gayA hai / varuNa kI maitrI tathA dayA prApta karane ke lie dAsyabhakti kI AvazyakatA hotI hai (R0 7. 86. 7) tathA isase varuNa ke kopabhAjana unake kRpApAtra ho jAte haiM / unake niyamoM ke sAmane nirdoSa vyakti prasannacitta khar3e rahate haiM / varuNa kI icchA hI dharmavidhi hai / varuNa ke dharma parivartita nahIM hote| unakA eka cAritrika viruva dhRtavrata hai (jinake vrata dRDha haiM) / varuNa kA sAmrAjya pakSiyoM kI ur3Ana se bhI dUra, samudra tathA pahAr3oM kI pahu~ca ke bAhara taka phailA huA hai| sabase U~ce AkAza (svarga) meM ve sahasra dvAroM vAle prAsAda meM siMhAsanArUDha haiM, vizva para zAsana karate haiM tathA manuSyoM ke kAryoM para dRSTi rakhate haiM svarga bhI unheM dhAraNa nahIM

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varuNagRhota-varNa 575 kara sakatA, apitu tInoM svarga tathA tInoM bhUloka unake bhItara nihita hai| ve sabako dhAraNa karane vAle hai (R0 8. 41. 37) / ve sarvavyApI haiM tathA koI unase dUra nahIM bhAga sakatA / ve vizva meM hone vAlI sabhI gupta se gupta bAtoM ko jAnate haiM / ve sarvajJa haiM, pratyeka A~kha kI palaka ke girane kA unheM jJAna hai|' varuNa ko prasanna karane ke lie aisI hI aneka stutiyA~ vedoM meM kahI gayI haiM / ve apane bhaktoM ko prasannatA va rakSA kA vara dete haiN| varuNagRhIta-varuNagRhIta (varuNa se grahaNa kiyA huA) kA ullekha vaidika granthoM meM bahuzaH huA hai / varuNa se gRhIta hone para manuSya ko jalodara kA roga hotA hai| pApoM ke phalabhoga ke lie varuNa dvArA diyA gayA yaha daNDa hai| varuNavata-(1) yadi koI vyakti rAtri bhara jala meM khar3A rahe tathA dUsare dina prAtaH eka gau kA dAna kare to vaha varuNaloka prApta kara letA hai| (2) viSNudharma0 ( 3.195.1-3 ) ke anusAra bhAdra- pada mAsa ke prArambha se pUrNimA taka varuNa kA pUjana karanA caahie| vrata ke anta meM eka jaladhenu, eka chAtA, do vastra tathA eka jor3I khar3AU~ kA dAna kiyA jAya / 'jaladhenu' zabda anuzAsanaparva ( 71.41 ) tathA matsya purANa ( 53.13 ) meM AtA hai| varcI-Rgveda meM yaha indra ke eka zatru kA nAma hai| use dAsa tathA zambara kA sAthI bhI (4.30.15) kahA gayA / hai| vaha pArthiva zatru evaM asura hai| sambhavataH usakA sambandha vRcIvanta se hai| varNa-cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhakta bhArata kA mAnavavarga / yaha sAmAjika saMsthA hai| isakA artha hai prakRti ke AdhAra para guNa, karma aura svabhAva ke anusAra samAja meM apanI vRtti ( vyavasAya ) kA cunAva karanA / isa siddhAnta ke anusAra samAja meM cAra hI mUla varga athavA varNa ho sakate haiM / ve hai (1) brAhmaNa (bauddhika kArya karane vAlA) (2) kSatriya ( sainika tathA prazAsakIya kArya karane vAlA (3) vaizya ( utpAdaka sAmAnya prajA varga ) aura (4) zUdra ( zramika varga) / varNa kI utpatti ke sambandha meM kaI siddhAnta haiN| eka mata ke anusAra isakI utpatti prAkRtika zramavibhAjana ke AdhAra para huI / zramavibhAjana pahale vyaktigata thA jo poche paitaka ho gyaa| dUsare mata ke anusAra varNa daivI vyavasthA hai / virAT puruSa ( vizvapuruSa ) ke zarIra ke cAra aGgoM se cAra varNa utpanna hue : mukha se brAhmaNa, bAhuoM se rAjanya (kSatriya ), jaMghAoM se vaizya aura caraNoM se zUdra utpanna huA / vAstava meM yaha sAmAjika zrama athavA kArya vibhAjana kA rUpakAtmaka varNana hai| tIsare mata ke anusAra varNa kA AdhAra prajAti hai aura varNa kA artha raMga hai| Arya zveta aura Aryetara kRSNa varNa ke the| isa raMgIna antara ke kAraNa pahale Arya aura anArya athavA zUdra do varNa bane / phira AryoM meM hI tIna varNa ho gaye-brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya / parantu AryoM ke bhItara ho tIna varNa athavA raMga kaise hue, isakI vyAkhyA isa mata se nahIM hotii| varNa kI utpatti kA cauthA mata dArzanika hai| saMsAra meM jitate bhI bheda haiM ve sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra tInoM guNoM-sattva, raja tathA tama-ke nyUnAdhikya ke kAraNa bane haiN| sAmAjika vibhAjana bhI isI ke Upara AdhArita hai| jisameM sattvaguNa (jJAna athavA prakAza) kI pradhAnatA hai vaha brAhmaNa varNa hai| jisameM rajoguNa (kriyA athavA zakti) kI pradhAnatA hai vaha kSatriya varNa hai| jisameM rajastamaH (andhakAra-lobha-moha) ke mizraNa kI pradhAnatA hai vaha vaizya varNa hai aura jisameM tamaH (andhakAra, jar3atA) kI pradhAnatA hai vaha zUdra varNa hai / vAstava meM dArzanika siddhAnta hI maulika siddhAnta hai / parantu varNa ke aitihAsika vikAsa meM uparyukta sabhI tattvoM kA hAtha rhaa| pahale AryoM meM hI varNa vibhAjana thA kintu vaha vyaktigata aura mukta thA; varNa parivartana saMbhava aura sarala thaa| jyoM jyoM Aryetara tattva samAja meM bar3hatA gayA tyoM tyoM zUdroM kI saMkhyA to bar3hatI gayI kintu unakA sAmAjika stara giratA gyaa| sAtha hI jo varNa zUdra ke jitanA hI nikaTa aura usase sampRkta thA vaha utanA hI sAmAjika mUlyAMkana meM nIce khisakatA gayA / varNoM ke paitRka hone kA eka kAraNa to paitRka vyavasAya kA sthAyitva thA, parantu dUsarA kAraNa prajAtIya bheda bhI ho sakatA hai| phira bhI varNa kA eka vaiziSTya thaa| isameM sahasroM jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM ko cAra pUraka aura paraspara sahakArI vargoM meM bA~Tane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yaha jAtiprathA se bhinna saMsthA hai| varNa saiddhAntika athavA vaicArika saMsthA hai, jabaki jAti kA AdhAra janma athavA prajAti hai / varNa saMyojaka hai, jAti vibhAjaka hai| vargoM ke kartavya athavA kArya kA vibhAjana saiddhAntika

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576 varNavilAsatantra-varNAzramadharma hai aura isakA pUrA vivaraNa dharmazAstra meM pAyA jAtA hai| hai| isase vicitra vRttisaMkara kI sthiti utpanna ho gayI brAhmaNa ke kartavya hai (1) paThana (2) pAThana (3) yajana hai| kArya vizeSa ke lie ayogyatA aura bhraSTAcAra kA (4) yAjana (5) dAna aura (6) pratigraha / inameM pAThana, adhikAMza meM yahI kAraNa hai| yAjana aura pratigraha brAhmaNa ke vizeSa kArya haiM / kSatriya ke varNavilAsatantra-'AgamatattvavilAsa' kI tantrasUcI meM sAmAnya kartavya hai paThana, yajana aura dAna; usake vizeSa eka tantra 'varNavilAsa' bhI hai| kartavya hai prajArakSaNa, prajApAlana aura prajAraMjana / vaizya varNavyavasthA-mAnavasamUha kI AvazyakatAoM ko dekhate ke sAmAnya karttavya ve hI haiM jo kSatriya ke haiM / usake vizeSa hue usake cAra vibhAjana hue| sabase bar3I AvazyakatA kartavya haiM kRSi, gorakSA aura vANijya / zUdra ke bhI zikSA kI thI, isake lie brAhmaNa varNa banA / rASTra kI sAmAnya karttavya ve hI haiM jo anya vargoM ke, parantu unakA rakSA, prajA kI rakSA dUsarI AvazyakatA thii| isa kAma anuSThAna vaha vaidika maMtroM kI sahAyatA ke binA kara sakatA meM kuzala, bAhubala ko viveka se kAma meM lAne vAle kSatriya thaa| pIche isa para bhI pratibandha lagane lage / usakA vizeSa varNa kI utpatti huii| zikSA aura rakSA se bhI adhika kartavya anya tIna vargoM kI sevA hai / kartavyoM meM apavAda Avazyaka vastu thI jIvikA / anna ke binA prANI jI aura Apaddharma svIkAra kiye gaye haiN| ApatkAla meM nahIM sakatA thA, pazuoM ke binA khetI nahIM ho sakatI apane se avara varNa ke kartavyoM se jIvikA calAyI jA thii| vastuoM kI adalAbadalI binA sabako saba cIjeM mila sakatI hai| parantu usameM kucha pratibandha lagAye gaye haiM, nahIM sakatI thiiN| cAroM vargoM ko anna, dUdha, ghI, kapar3ejisase mUla vRtti kI rakSA ho ske| latte Adi sabhI vastue~ cAhieM / ina vastuoM kA upajAnA, varNa ke utkarSa aura apakarSa kA siddhAnta bhI dharma- taiyAra karanA, phira jisakI jise jarUrata ho usake pAsa zAstroM meM mAnA gayA hai| jaba varNa taralAvasthA meM thA to pahu~cAnA, yaha sArA kAma prajA ke eka sabase bar3e samudAya zUdra se brAhmaNa aura brAhmaNa se zUdra honA donoM saMbhava ke sira para rakhA gayA / isake lie vaizyoM kA varNa bnaa| the / parantu varNa jyoM-jyoM janmagata hotA gayA tyoM-tyoM kisAna, vyApArI, gvAle, kArIgara, dUkAnadAra, banajAre ye varNaparivartana kaThina hotA gayA aura anta meM banda ho| sabhI vaizya hue / zikSaka ko, rakSaka ko, vaizya ko, chottegyaa| phira bhI siddhAntataH Aja bhI mAnya hai ki satkarmoM moTe kAmoM meM sahAyaka aura sevaka kI AvazyakatA thI / se janmAntara meM varNa kA utkarSa ho sakatA hai| dhAvaka va harakAre kI, haravAhe kI, pAlakI DhonevAle kI, ___ madhyayuga meM, vizeSa kara dakSiNa meM, eka vicitra siddhAnta pazu carAnevAle kI, lakar3I kATane vAle kI, pAnI bharane, kA pracalana ho gayA ki kaliyuga meM do hI varNa haiM-(1) baratana mAjane vAle kI, kapar3e dhonevAle kI AvazyakatA brAhmaNa aura (2) zadra (kalAvAdyantasaMsthitiH); kSatriya thii| ye AvazyakatAe~ zUdroM ne pUrI kii| isa prakAra aura vaizya nahIM haiM / aisA jAna par3atA hai ki vaidika karma prajAsamudAya ko sabhI AvazyakatAe~ prajA meM pArasparika kANDa aura saMskAroM ke banda ho jAne kAraNa vaizyoM aura kamavibhAga se pUrI huI / de0 'varNa' / kSatriyoM kI kaI jAtiyA~ zadravarNa meM parigaNita hone varNavrata-yaha catumUrtivrata hai, jo caitra se prArambha hokara lgiiN| dhIre-dhIre dakSiNa meM do hI varNa brAhmaNa aura ASAr3ha mAsa se bhI Age jArI rahatA hai| jo vratI upabrAhmaNetara mAne jAne lge| parantu utkIrNa abhilekhoM ___ vAsa rakhate hue bhagavAn vAsudeva, saMkarSaNa, pradyumna tathA tathA samasAmayika sAhitya se patA lagatA hai ki vyavahAra aniruddha kI pUjA kara kramazaH yajJopayogI sAmagrI brAhmaNa meM kSatriya aura vaizya varNa apane ko kSatriya aura vaizya ko, yuddhopayogI kSatriya ko, vyApAropayogI vaizya ko tathA hI mAnate rahe aura samAja ne unakI isa mAnyatA ko svI- zArIrika zilpopayogI zUdra ko dAna karatA hai vaha indrakAra bhI kiyaa| loka prApta karatA hai| ___ Adhunika yuga meM varNagata vyavasAyoM ke sambandha meM vijJAna varNAzramadharma-varNavyavasthA kA AdhAra karmavibhAga aura takanIkI vijJAna ke kAraNa krAntikArI parivartana thA, usI prakAra vyakti kI jIvanavyavasthA kA rUpa haA hai| varNa aura vyavasAya kA sAmaMjasya TUTa sA calA AzramavibhAga thaa| jIvana kI pahalI avasthA meM accha

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' vardhamAna upAdhyAya-vallabhasampradAya 577 gahastha hone kI zikSA lenA anivArya thaa| pratyeka varNa vardhApanavidhi-isa kRtya kA artha hai janmotsava ke kriyAkA sadasya jIvikA kI Avazyaka zikSA isI avasthA kalApa / kisI zizu ke lie yaha prati mAsa janma vAlI yA Azrama meM pAtA thA / vedAdi zAstroM ke atirikta, tithi ke dina honI cAhie, kintu kisI rAjA ke kSatriya zastrAstra vidyA aura vaizya kArIgarI, pazupAlana, sambandha meM varSa meM kevala eka bAra honI caahie| isa kRSi Adi kA kAma bhI sIkhatA thaa| zUdra bhI apanI avasara para solaha deviyoM (kumudA, mAdhavI, gaurI, rudrANI, jIvikA ke anukUla guNoM kA abhyAsa karatA thaa| sAtha / pArvatI Adi) kI nIla athavA kesara se eka vRtta meM hI sabako caritra kI zikSA isI samaya milatI thii| isa __ AkRtiyA~ khIMcI jA~ya, jinake madhya meM sUrya kI bhI AkRti Azrama meM hI karmavibhAga para dhyAna denA Arambha ho / rhe| isa avasara para bacce ko snAna karAkara bA~sa kI jAtA thaa| solaha TokariyoM meM mUlyavAn padArtha, khAdya padArtha, phala-phala dUsarI avasthA athavA gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karane para bharakara ukta deviyoM ko arpaNa karane cAhie / pazcAt eka to manuSya apane-apane bhinna-bhinna karma karatA hI thaa| eka devI ke nAma se eka-eka TokarI kA brAhmaNoM vAnaprasthAzrama tapasyA kA Azrama thA, bhogavilAsa kA tathA sadhavA striyoM ko dAna kara denA cAhie / dAna karate nahIM / saMnyAsAzrama meM bhI tapasyA hI thii| isa taraha gRhastha / samaya deviyoM se prArthanA kI jAya ki kumudA Adi deviyA~ ke sivA zeSa tInoM AzramI apane bhojanAcchAdana ke lie hamAre putra ko svAsthya, sukha tathA dIrghAyu pradAna kreN| yadyapi gRhastha ke bharose rahate the, tathApi unakI Avazyaka devI kI pUjA meM ucca svara se vaidika maMtroM kA uccAraNa tAeM bahuta thor3I hotI thIM / niyamataH ve thor3A pahanate the, karanA cAhie / gIta, nRtyAdi mAMgalika kAryoM kA bhI thor3A khAte the| unakA jIvana samAja para bojha nahIM vidhAna hai| ina saba kRtyoM ke bAda bacce ke mAtA-pitA apane sambandhiyoM ke sAtha bhojana kareM / rAjA ke viSaya pratIta hotA thaa| meM indra tathA lokapAloM ke nAma se haviSyAnna kI gRhasthAzrama ke adhikArI cAroM vargoM ke loga the| AhutiyA~ dI jA~ya / brahmacaryAzrama ke tIna varNa ke loga (zUdra ko chor3akara) tathA varSavrata-caitra zakla navamI ko isa vrata kA prArambha hotA vAnaprasthAzrama ke adhikArI kevala brAhmaNa aura kSatriya hai| himavAn, hemakUTa, zRMgavAn, meru, mAlyavAn, gandhathe / saMnyAsAzrama ke adhikArI kevala brAhmaNa the| isa mAdana Adi varSaparvatoM kI pUjA isa dina karanI cAhie / prakAra Azrama ke hisAba se sabase bar3I saMkhyA gRhasthoM kI upavAsa kA bhI vidhAna hai / vrata ke anta meM jambU dvIpa thii| unake bAda brahmacArI the, vAnaprastha unase kama aura kA cA~dI kA maNDala dAna meM diyA jaay| isase samasta saMnyAsI unase bhI kama / phira tapasyA kA jIvana itanA manaHkAmanAoM kI pUrti tathA svarga kI prApti hotI hai| lokapriya nahIM thA aura mamatA chor3a saMsAra tyAgakara vallabha sampradAya -vallabha sampradAya ke saMsthApaka vallabhAsanyAsI honA to sabase kaThina thA / isIlie ina AzramoM cArya (1479-1531 I0 ) tailaGga brAhmaNa the, inakA meM loga apanI-apanI zraddhAnusAra praveza karate the| yahI janma kAzI kI ora huaa| pitA lakSmaNa bhaTTa viSNusvAmI bAta thI ki vaizya aura kSatriya brahmacaryAzrama ke adhi sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| Arambha meM AcArya vallabha kArI hote hue bhI kama hI usa Azrama meM jAte the / saMskRta kI zikSA prApta kara varSoM taka tIrthATana karate rahe __ varNAzramoM ke viziSTa dharma sUtragranthoM meM, smRtiyoM meM, tathA vidvAnoM ke sAtha zAstra carcA karane meM samaya bitAte purANoM meM, tantroM meM aura mahAbhArata meM bhI prasaMgAnusAra rahe / kRSNadeva (vijayanagara ke rAjA, 1509-29 I0) kI jahA~-tahA~ vistAra se batalAye gaye haiN| rAjasabhA meM inake dvArA smArta vidvAnoM ko harAne kI vardhamAna upAdhyAya-nyAya darzana ke eka aacaary| inhoMne ghaTanA vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| inake jIvana kI aneka udayanAcArya viracita 'tAtparyaparizuddhi' kI TIkA likhI ghaTanAoM ke bAre meM vizeSa kucha jJAta nahIM hai, na yaha jJAta hai jisakA nAma 'prakAza' hai| isakA pUrA nAma 'nyAya- hai ki kisa kAraNa inhoMne isa sampradAya kI sthApanA nibandhaprakAza' hai / yaha 12vIM zatI kI racanA hai| kI, kyoMki inakA prAcIna viSNusvAmI sampradAya se

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578 vallabhI zruti-vasantapaJcamI sambandha thaa| vallabha agnideva ke avatAra kahe jAte haiM, purANa kI TIkA) (3) tattvadIpanibandha ( yaha unake inakA koI bhI mAnava guru jJAta nahIM hai / inhoMne apane mata siddhAntoM para racita dArzanika grantha hai ) / isake sAtha kI zikSA sIdhe kRSNa bhagavAna se prApta kI, aisA vizvAsa 'prakAza' nAmaka padyabhAga tathA anya kucha laghu grantha pracalita hai / jAna par3atA hai ki kRSNa ke parama brahma hone, haiM jinameM 'siddhAntarahasya' prasiddha hai| giridharajI tathA rAdhA ke unakI sahamiNI hone tathA sarvocca svarga bAlakRSNa bhaTTa ne kramazaH 'zuddhAdvaitamArtaNDa' tathA 'prameyagoloka meM unake lIlA karane kA siddhAnta nimbArka se ratnArNava' jaise vedAnta grantha likhe haiN| ye donoM sampradAya unako milA hogaa| ke udbhaTa vidvAn the tathA inake uparyukta saMskRta grantha ve apane dArzanika sampradAya ko zuddhAdvaita kahate haiM, bar3e hI tarkapUrNa hai| bAda ke granthakAroM meM gosvAmI kintu inakA advaita zaGkarAcArya ke advaitavAda ke sadaza puruSottamajI sabase prasiddha haiM / isa sampradAya dvArA vAtsalya zuSka nahIM hai / yaha nAma zAGkara advaita ke virodha ke kAraNa evaM madhura bhAva kI bhakti kA bahuta pracAra huaa| diyA huA hai| vallabha kA mArga bhaktimArga hai| inake vallabhI zruti-kahate haiM ki vallabhI aura satyAyanI nAmaka anusAra bhakti sAdhya hai, sAdhana nahIM, kyoMki bhakti do vedazAkhA grantha (yajurvedIya) aura bhI haiN| bRhaddevatA jJAna se zreSTha hai tathA saccA bhakta mukti nahIM cAhatA; vaha meM vallabhI zruti kA nAma AyA hai| surezvarAcArya evaM kRSNa kA sAyujya tathA lIlA meM sammilita honA cAhatA sAyaNAcArya ne bhI isakA ullekha kiyA hai| hai| vallabha ke matAnusAra bhakti Izvara kI kRpA se vallabhotsava-vaiSNava sampradAya ke prasiddha AcArya vallabha milatI hai| isa sampradAya meM Izvara kI kRpA ke lie ke sammAna meM unake janmadina ke utsava ke Ayojana 'puSTi' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| yaha zabda tathA isakA ko vallabhotsava kahate haiM / janazruti ke anusAra inakA prayoga bhAgavata purANa ke eka ullekhanusAra huA hai janma 1479 I0 meM huA thA tathA inhoMne aneka granthoM kA (vahA~ 2.10.4 meM anugraha ko poSaNa kahA gayA hai)| nirmANa kara yoga tathA tapasyA se bhinna bhaktimArga kA isa sampradAya ke siddhAnta saMkSipta rUpa meM ye haiM-zrI Andolana claayaa| inake samasta siddhAnta bhAgavata purANa kRSNa parabrahma haiM, ve sattA, jJAna, Ananda rUpa haiM tathA para Azrita haiN| yaha janmotsava vaizAkha kRSNa ekAdazI kevala ve hI eka mAtra tattva haiM / unhIM se bhautika jagat, ko hotA hai| jIvAtmA tathA devoM kI utpatti hotI hai, yathA agni se vaza azvya-azvinoM kA Azrita eka vyakti, jo Rgveda cinagAriyoM kI / jIva aNu haiM tathA brahmAnurUpa hai / jaba tInoM meM baha bAra varNita hai| zAMkhAyana zrautasUtra meM bhI use guNoM ( sattva, rajas, tamas ) kA ulaTaphera hotA hai to pRthuzravA kAnIta se dAna pAne vAlA kahA gayA hai| vaha unakA Ananda Dhaka jAtA hai tathA ve kevala sattA tathA vedakAlIna eka rAjya kA prasiddha RSi bhI hai (R0 alpa jJAna rakhate hue dikhAI par3ate haiN| 8.46) jo apane vaza' nAma se aneka bAra uddhRta mukta AtmA kRSNaloka (goloka) ko jAte haiM jo huA hai| viSNu, ziva tathA brahmA ke svargoM se Upara hai / ve kRSNa ke vasantapaJcamI-(1) mAgha zukla paJcamI ko vasantapaMcamI vizuddha daivI svarUpa ko prApta karate haiN| kA tyauhAra manAte haiN| isa dina sarasvatIpUjA ke atirikta inake mandiroM meM dina meM ATha bAra pUjA (sevA) hotI navAnna prAzana, prItibhoja, gAnA-bajAnA Adi utsava hote hai / sampradAya kA mantra hai 'zrIkRSNaH zaraNaM mama' / sampradAya haiM / vasanta Rtu kA svAgata kiyA jAtA hai| jAna par3atA kI eka paramparA yaha hai ki guru kA pada vallabhAcArya ke putra hai ki kabhI isI mamaya vasanta Rtu kA Agamana hotA thaa| gosvAmI viTThalanAtha tathA unake vaMzajoM ko hI prApta hai| (2) prAcIna samaya meM vaidika adhyayana kA satra zrAvaNI vallabhAcArya ke grantha vidvattApUrNa haiM / ve hI isa sampradAya pUrNimA (upAkarma) se prArambha hokara isI tithi ko samApta ke AdhAra yA pramANa mAne jAte haiN| unameM ye mukhya haiM : (utsarjana) hotA thaa| isa dina sarasvatI pUjana karanA (1) vedAntasUtra kA aNubhASya (2) 'subodhinI' (bhAgavata isI kA smAraka avazeSa hai|

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vasantotsava vasiSTha vasantotsava - vasanta Rtu kA utsava vasantotsava nAma se pracalita hai| isake bAre meM vAyupurANa (6.10-21) meM bar3A rocaka tathA vizada varNana milatA hai| mAlavikAgnimitra tathA ratnAvalI nAmaka nATakoM kI prastAvanA meM batalAyA gayA hai ki ye donoM nATaka vasantotsava ke upalakSya meM abhinIta hue the| mAlavikAgnimitra ke tIsare ajU meM batalAyA gayA hai ki lAla azoka ke phUloM kI saugAta logoM ne apane priya janoM ke pAsa bhejI thI tathA ucca gharAne kI mahilAe~ apane patiyoM ke sAtha jhUle meM baiThA karatI thiiN| nirNayasindhu ise caitra kRSNa pratipadA ( pUrNimA kI gaNanA karate hue) ko batalAtA hai jabaki puruSArtha cintAmaNi ise mApa zukla paJcamI ( nirNayAmRta kA anusaraNa karate hue) ko batalAtA hai| pArijAtamaMjarI nATikA, prathama aGka ke anusAra caitra kI parivA ko vasantotsava hotA hai / dasava - vIra va sampradAya ke saMsthApaka basava the, aisA kucha itihAsa ke vidvAn mAnate haiM / vasava cAlukya rAjA bijjala ke pradhAna maMtrI the / kintu phlITa ke matAnusAra ablura ke ekAntada rAmAyya, jinakA jIvanacaritra eka prArambhika Alekha meM prApta hai, isa sampradAya ke saMsthApaka the / vasava ko isakA punaruddhAraka kaha sakate haiN| vasavapurANa - telugu meM chandobaddha rUpa meM racita 13vIM zatAbdI kA yaha grantha vIra zaiva sampradAya kA nirUpaNa karatA hai / isake racayitA pAlakurkI ke somanAtha hai| isakA kannaDa anuvAda bhImacandra kavi dvArA huA hai| vasavazAkhA - vasava kI paramparA ke liGgAyata sudhAravAdI varga ke mAne jAte haiM / isakA Arambha vasava se samajhA jAtA hai aura AdhAra vasavezvara purANa hai / isa purANa meM likhA hai ki jaba bhUmaNDala para vIra zaivamata kA hrAsa ho rahA thA, devarSi nArada kI prArthanA para paramezvara ne apane gaNa nandI ko usake uddhAra ke lie bhejA / nandIzvara ne bAgevAr3I meM janma liyA aura unakA nAma 'varAva' rakhA gyaa| kannaDa meM vasava zabda vahI hai jo hindI meM 'basaha' aura saMskRta meM vRSabha hai| vasavezvara ne yajJopavIta nahIM dhAraNa kiyA, kyoMki unheM sUrya kI kAra na thI / ve bAgevAr3I se kalyANa Aye nAmaka rAjA thA aura vasavezvara ke mAmA mantrI the| baladeva kI mRtyu ke bAda vasavezvara mantrI ho upAsanA svIjahA~ bijjala baladeva usake 579 gaye / vasavezvara vIrazaivoM ke pakSapAtI the| unhoMne una para bahuta kucha rAjasva vyaya kiyA, jisase rAjA ruSTa ho gayA / usane unheM kaida karanA caahaa| rAjA aura mantrI yuddha chir3a gyaa| rAjA hAra gayA aura sandhi huI / rAjA mantrI phira yathAvat sthita hue meM / tadanantara vasava ne varNAntara vivAha kA pracAra kiyA / camAra aura brAhmaNa meM vivAha sambandha kraayaa| isa para rAjA ne haralaiyA camAra aura madhuvaiyA brAhmaNa kI A~kheM nikalavA liiN| isase vasava kA uddezya saphala na huA / isa para ruSTa hokara vasavezvara ne Sar3ayantra racA aura rAjA kA vadha karavA diyA / kucha logoM kA anumAna hai ki liGgAyatoM ke mUlAcArya 'vasavezvara the| yaha kathana aneka kAraNoM se bhramapUrNa hai| pahale to 'basavapurANa' jo mUlataH telugu aura phira kannaDa meM likhA gayA, aba se sAta sau varSa se adhika purAnA grantha nahIM ho sakatA / ise bAdarAyaNa vyAsa kI racanA kahanA to azakya hai / isI meM vIrazaiva mata kA prAcIna honA aura usake hrAsa kI avasthA svIkAra kI gayI hai / vasava ko vIrazaivoM kA pakSadhara kahA gayA hai / DA0 phlITa kA kahanA hai ki basava nahIM, balki ekAntada rAmAthya vIrazaya mata ke pravartaka the / basavezvara ne liGga dhAraNa karane kI vizeSatA sthira rakhI, parantu vIrazaivoM ke aneka mantavyoM ke viparIta mata claayaa| unhoMne varNAzrama dharma kA khaNDana kiyA, brAhmaNoM kA mahattva asvIkAra kiyA, vedoM ko nahIM mAnA, bhagavAn ziva ke sivA kisI devI-devatA ko mAnanA asvIkAra kiyA, janmAntara ko asiddha ThaharAyA, prAyazcitta aura tIrthayAtrA ko vyartha batAyA, sagotra vivAha ko vihita batAyA antyeSTi kriyA ko anAvazyaka aura zaucAzauca ke vicAra ko bhramAtmaka ThaharAyA, vidhavA vivAha pracalita kiyaa| inake anuyAyI bhI apane ko vIra zaiva aura liGgAyata kahate haiM / parantu AcAra-vicAra meM itanA adhika bheda hone se prAcIna vIrazaiva vA pAzupata zaivoM meM aura panthI liGgAyatoM meM pArthasya sahaja meM ho sakatA hai| basavezvara sampradAya yaha eka sudhAraka vIrazaiva sampradAya hai / de0 'vasava zAkhA' / vasiSThavaidika paramparA meM sabase bar3e RSi-purohitoM meM vasiSTha mAne gaye haiN| Rgveda kA sAtavA maNDala inake

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580 vasiSThadharmasUtra-vAkyArtha dvArA saMkalita kahA jAtA hai, kyoMki isa maNDala meM vasiSTha vasiSThasaMhitA-yaha eka zAkta grantha hai| vasiSThasaMhitA evaM unake vaMzajoM kA ullekha prAyaH huA hai, yadyapi isake athavA mahAsaMhitA meM zAnti, japa, homa, bali, dAna bAhara bho chiTaphuTa inakA nAmollekha pAyA jAtA hai| Adi para 45 adhyAya haiM / isameM nakSatra, vAra Adi jyovasiSTha se eka nizcita vyakti kA hI bodha ho, aisA tiSa-viSayaka praznoM para bhI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| de0 saMbhava pratIta nahIM hotA / phira bhI yaha asvIkAra karanA ___alavara kaiTeloMga eksaTraikTa, 582 / / Avazyaka nahIM ki eka aitihAsika vasiSTha the, kyoMki kyAki vasugupta--kAzmIra zaiva siddhAnta ke eka pravartaka AcArya / eka RcA (R. 7.18.7) meM unakI racanA kA spaSTa inhoMne 907 vi0 ke lagabhaga zivasUtroM kI racanA kI bAMdha hotA hai tathA unake dvArA dasa rAjAoM ke viruddha jinakA uddezya AgamoM kI dvaitavAdI (lagabhaga) zikSAoM sudAsa kI sahAyatA karanA prakaTa hotA hai| vasiSTha ke ke sthAna para advaita darzana ko sthAna dilAnA thaa| kahanA jIvana kI sabase mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA unakI vizvAmitra se na hogA ki usa samaya kAzmIra zaiva siddhAnta para dvaitavAdI pratidvandvitA thii| vizvAmitra nizcita rUpa se eka samaya AgamoM kA hI prabhAva thaa| kahate haiM ki zivasUtroM kA sudAsa ke purohita the (R0 3.33.53) / kintu unheM jJAna vasugupta ko bhagavAn zaMkara se prApta huA thaa| vasuusa pada se cyuta honA par3A aura unhoMne sudAsa ke viro- gupta se kallaTAcArya ne aura kallaTa se bhAskarAcArya ne dhiyoM kA pakSa grahaNa kara sudAsa ke aneka mitra rAjAoM kA isa dArzanika tattva ko jJAta kiyA / nAza karAyA / Rgveda meM ina donoM RSiyoM ke saMgharSa kA vasudeva-kRSNa ke pitaa| ye yAdavoM kI vRSNi zAkhA ke antavivaraNa nahIM miltaa| vasiSTha ke putra zakti tathA vizvA- gata the / inako kaMsa kI bahina devakI byAhI thii| kaMsa ne mitra kI zatrutA kA pramANa yahA~ prApta hai, jabaki vizvA- zatrutAvaza ina donoM ko kArAgAra meM DAla rakhA thaa| mitra ne bhASaNa meM vizeSa paTutA prApta kI tathA sudAsa ke vahIM kRSNa kA avatAra huaa| vasudeva ke putra hone ke sevakoM dvArA zakti kI hatyA karAyI (zATyAyanaka 7.32 kAraNa hI kRSNa vAsudeva kahalAte haiM / para anukramaNI kI TippaNI drssttvy)| isa ghaTanA kA vasuvrata-(1) caitra zukla aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna saMkSipta ullekha taittirIya saMhitA meM pAyA jAtA hai| paJca- honA cAhie / ATha vasuoM kI. (ye vAstava meM bhagavAn viza brAhmaNa meM bhI vasiSTha ke putra ke mAre jAne tathA vAsudeva ke hI rUpa hai) eka vRtta meM AkRtiyA~ khIMcakara yA saudAsoM para vizvAmitra kI vijaya kA ulakha hai / sudAsa unakI pratimAe~ banAkara isa dina upavAsa karate hue ke na rahane para vizvAmitra ne punaH apanA pada prApta kara inakA pUjana karanA caahie| vrata ke anta meM eka gau kA liyA tathA vasiSTha ne apane putravadha ke badale saudAsoM ko dAna vihita hai| isase dhana-dhAnya kI prApti ke sAtha vasukisI yuddha meM parAjita karAyA / loka kI prApti hotI hai| ATha vasu ye haiM-dhara, dhruva, soma, ApaH, anila, anala, pratyUSa tathA prabhASa / isake vaidika sAhitya ke RSi ke rUpa meM vasiSTha ke aneka lie de0 anuzAsana parva (15.16-17) / uddharaNa sUtroM, mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa Adi meM prApta hote haiM (2) prabhUta suvarNa ke sAtha eka gau kA, jabaki vaha byAne jahA~ vasiSTha tathA vizvAmitra saMgharSa karate hae vaNita hai / ke yogya ho, dAna karanA cAhie tathA usa dina kevala ina vaidika AkhyAnoM kI zrRMkhalA meM purANoM meM vasiSTha kI dugdhAhAra karanA caahie| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se vratI aneka kathAe~ Nita haiM / parama pada mokSa prApta karatA hai tathA phira use isa saMsAra vasiSThadharmasUtra-eka prasiddha dharmasUtra, jo mukhyataH RgvedIya meM janma nahIM lenA pdd'taa| hemAdri (2.885) ke anusAra saMpradAya dvArA adhIta hotA hai, kintu anya vaidika zAkhAnu- garbhajananI avasthA vAlI gau kA dAna mahattvapUrNa hotA hai yAyI bhI ise prayoga meM lAte haiM / RgvedIya kalpa ke zrota- (use ubhayatomukhI kahA jAtA hai)| sUtra aura gRhyasUtra upalabdha nahIM hai| kintu ve avazya rahe vAkyArtha-vAkya kA artha kyA hai, isa viSaya meM bahuta matahoMge / yaha anya dharmasUtroM se viSaya aura zailI donoM meM bheda hai| mImAMsakoM ke mata meM niyoga athavA preraNA hI milatA-julatA hai| vAkyArtha hai-arthAt 'aisA karo', 'aisA na karo' yahI bAta

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vAkovAkya (saMvAda)-vAjasana 581 saba vAkyoM se kahI jAtI hai| cAhe mAkSAt, cAhe aise artha vAcaspati mizra ne vedAntasUtra ke zAMkarabhA'ya para vAle dUsare vAkyoM ke sambandha dvArA / naiyAyikoM ke mata se bhAmatI, surezvarakRta brahmasiddhi para brahmatattvasamIkSA, kaI padoM ke sambandha se nikalane vAlA artha hI vAkyArtha sAMkhyakArikA para tattvakaumudI, pAtaJjala darzana para hai| parantu vAkya meM jo pada hote haiM, vAkyArtha ke mUla tattvavaizAradI, nyAyadarzana para nyAyavArtikatAtparya, pUrvakAraNa ve hI haiN| nyAyamaJjarI meM padoM meM do prakAra ko mImAMsA para nyAyasUcInibandha, bhATTa mata para tattvabindu zakti mAnI gayI hai; abhidhA zakti, jisase eka-eka pada tathA maNDana mizra ke vidhiviveka para nyAyakaNikA apane-apane artha kA bodha karAtA hai aura dUsarI tAtparya nAmaka TIkAoM kI racanA kii| inake atirikta khaNDanazakti, jisase kaI padoM ke sambandha kA artha sUcita hotA kuThAra tathA smRtisaMgraha nAmaka pustakoM ke racayitA kA hai| dhArmika vidhiyoM kA artha athavA tAtparya nikAlane meM nAma bhI vAcaspati mizra hI milatA hai| parantu yaha kahanA isa siddhAnta se bahuta sahAyatA milatI hai| kaThina hai ki ina donoM ke lekhaka bhI ye hI the yA koI vAkovAkya (saMvAda)-vaidika granthoM ke kucha vizeSa kathanopakathana aMzoM ko brAhmaNoM meM diyA huA nAma / eka sthAna vAcaspati mitha ne yoM to chahoM darzanoM kI TIkAe~ meM (zata0 brA0 4. 6.920) brahmodya ko vAkovAkya likhI haiM aura unameM unake siddhAntoM kA niSpakSa bhAva se kahA gayA hai| kucha vidvAn vAkovAkya se 'itihAsa-purANa' samarthana kiyA hai, to bhI inakA pradhAna lakSya zAGkara ke kisI Avazyaka bhAga kA prakaTa honA batalAte haiM / siddhAnta hI hai| inake granthoM meM paryApta maulikatA pAyI chAndogya upaniSad meM yaha spaSTa hI tarkazAstra ke artha jAtI hai / zAGkara siddhAnta ke pracAra meM inakA bahuta bar3A meM prayukta huA hai| hAtha rahA hai, inakI bhAmatI TIkA advaitavAda kA prAmANika vAk-vaidika devamaNDala meM vAk kA bar3A mahattva hai| yaha grantha hai| ye kevala vidvAn hI nahIM the, ucca koTi ke eka bhAvAtmaka devatA hai| zata0 brA0 (4.1. 3. 16) sAdhaka bhI the| inhoMne apanA pratyeka grantha bhagavAn ko meM isako cAra bhAgoM meM bAMTA gayA hai-mAnavoM kI, hI samarpita kiyA hai| aisA vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki pazuoM ko, pakSiyoM (vayAMsi) tathA choTe reMgane vAle kIr3oM surezvarAcArya ne hI vAcaspati mizra ke rUpa meM puna: janma kI (kSudraM sriisRpm)| indra ko vAk yA dhvaniyoM kA liyA thaa| antara samajhane vAlA kahA gayA hai| tuNava, vINA tathA vAjapeya-eka zrautayajJa, jo zatapatha brAhmaNa ke anusAra dundubhi bAjoM kI dhvaniyoM kA bhI varNana pAyA jAtA hai / kevala brAhmaNa yA kSatriyoM dvArA hI karaNIya hai| yaha yajJa kuru-paMcAloM kI vAk zakti ko vizeSa sthAna prApta thaa| rAjasUya se zreSTha hai / anya granthoM ke mata se yaha purohita kauSo0 brA0 meM uttaradezIya vAk kI vizeSatA kA varNana ke lie bRhaspati satra kA evaM rAjA ke lie rAjasUya kA hai / isIlie loga vahA~ bhASA kA adhyayana karane jAte pUrvakRtya hai / isakA eka Avazyaka aMga rathoM kI daur3a hai the / dUsarI ora vAk kI barbaratA ko tyAgane kA nirdeza jisameM yajJakartA vijayI hotA hai| hilabraNTa ne isakI huA hai / vAk kA eha-eka vibhAga daivI evaM mAnuSI thaa| tulanA olempika kheloM ke sAtha kI hai, kintu isake brAhmaNa ko donoM kA jJAtA kahA gayA hai| Arya tathA lie pramANoM kA abhAva hai| yaha yajJa prArambhika rathadaur3a brAhmaNa bAka kA bhI ullekha huA hai, jisase anArya bhASAoM se hI vikasita huA jAna par3atA hai, jo yajJa ke rUpa me ke viruddha saMskRta kA bodha hotA hai| divya zakti kI sahAyatA se yajJakartA ko saphalatA pradAna vAcaspati mizra-advaitAkAza ke eka dedopyamAna nakSatra, jo karatA hai / egeliMga kA kathana ThIka jAna par3atA hai ki yaha bhAmatIkAra nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai| mithilA meM navIM yajJa brAhmaNa dvArA purohita pada grahaNa karane kA pUrvasaMskAra zatI meM inakA janma huaa| bAda ke sabhI AcAryoM ne inake thA tathA rAjAoM ke lie rAjyAbhiSeka kA pUrvasaMskAra / vAkya pramANa rUpa meM grahaNa kiye haiN| zAGkara bhASya para vAjasana-yAjJavalkya ke pitaa| inhIM ke nAma para yAjJaracI inakI 'bhAmatI' TIkA advaitamata ko samajhane kA valkya dvArA saMkalita zukla yajurveda kA nAma vAjasaneyI anivArya sAdhana hai| saMhitA pdd'aa|

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vAjasaneyIsaMhitA-vAdarimata vAjasaneyI saMhitA-yajurveda ke varNana meM isa saMhitA vAtavanta-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa meM uddhRta eka RSi kA nAma / kA varNana kiyA jA cukA hai / de0 'yajurveda' / unhoMne tathA dRti ne eka satra kiyA thA, kintu kisI vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya-isake racayitA kAtyAyana haiM / kucha vizeSa samaya para use banda kara dene ke kAraNa unheM duHkha vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki pANinisUtroM ke vArtikakAra uThAnA par3A tathA unake vaMzaja vAtavanta dArtayoM kI apekSA kAtyAyana tathA uparyukta kAtyAyana eka ho vyakti haiN| kama unnatizIla hue| apane vArtika meM jisa taraha unhoMne pANini kI tIvra vAtula Agama-raudrika AgamoM meM se ek| isakA anya AlocanA kI hai, usI taraha prAtizAkhya meM bhI kI hai| nAma paraAgama hai| isameM liGgAyata sampradAya sambandhI isase pramANita hotA hai ki vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya pANini adhika ullekha prApta hai| ke sUtroM ke bAda kA hai| isameM ATha adhyAya haiN| pahale vAtsIputra-vatsa gotra kI mahilA ke putra / bRhadAraNyaka adhyAya meM saMjJA aura paribhASA hai| dUsare meM svara prakriyA upaniSad kI aMtima vaMzasUcI meM inakA ullekha huA hai| hai| tIsare se pA~caveM adhyAya taka saMskAra haiN| chaThe aura ye pArAzarIpatra ke ziSya the| kANva tathA mAdhyandina sAtaveM adhyAya meM kriyA ke uccAraNa bheda haiM / AThaveM zAkhA ke anusAra ye bhAradvAjIputra ke ziSya the| adhyAya meM svAdhyAya arthAt vedapATha ke niyama haiM / isa vAtsyAyana-(1) vatsa gotra meM utpanna aura taittirIya prAtizAkhya meM zAkaTAyana, zAkArya, gAya, kAzyapa, dAlbhya, AraNyaka meM uddhRta eka AcArya kA nAma / jAtukarNa, zaunaka, upAzivi, kANva, mAdhyandina Adi (2) gautama ke nyAyasUtra para vAtsyAyana muni ne bhASya pUrvAcAryoM kI carcAyeM haiN| likhA hai| hemacandra ne nyAyasUtra para bhASya racane vAle vANijyalAbhavata-isa vrata meM mUla tathA pUrvASAr3ha nakSatroM vAtsyAyana aura cANakya ko eka hI vyakti mAnA hai, ke dina upavAsa karane kA vidhAna hai| vratI ko pUrvAbhi- kintu yaha bAta apramANita hai| vidvAnoM ne inakI sthiti mukha baiThakara cAra kalazoM ke jala se, jinameM zaMkha, motI, pA~cavIM zatI meM ThaharAyI hai| narakula kI jar3eM tathA suvarNa par3A ho, snAna karanA caahie| vAda-kisI dArzanika mata ke pratipAdana ko vAda kahA tadanantara vaha viSNu, varuNa tathA candramA kI apane A~gana jAtA hai / vAda ke pratipAdana ke lie pUrva pakSa kA khaNDana meM pUjA kare / uparyukta devoM ke sammAna meM ghRta se homa tathA uttara pakSa kA samarthana Avazyaka hai| karanA caahie| anta meM nIle vastroM kA, candana kA, vAdanakSatramAlA-appaya dIkSita kRta eka mImAMsA viSayaka madirA kA tathA zveta puSpoM kA dAna kiyA jAya / isa grantha / isameM pUrvamImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA ke sattAIsa AcaraNa se vyApArika saphalatA prApta hotI hai, samudra viSayoM kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| yAtrAoM meM tathA kRSi ke kAryoM meM vratakartA kabhI asaphala / vAdarimata-AcArya vAdari ke mata kA ullekha brahmasUtra nahIM hotaa| aura mImAMsAsUtra donoM meM pAyA jAtA hai / anumAna hotA vANI-dAdapaMtha ke pravartaka mahAtmA dAdu dayAla dvArA hai ki ye brahmasUtrakAra aura mImAMsAsUtrakAra se prAcIna the racita 'sabada' aura 'vANI' adhika prasiddha haiN| inameM aura inake mata kA deza meM kAphI prabhAva thaa| bAdarAyaNa inhoMne saMsAra kI asAratA aura Izvara(rAma) bhakti ke ne apane mata ke samarthana meM aura mImAMsAsUtrakAra jaimini upadeza sabala chandoM dvArA diye haiN| kavitA kI dRSTi se ne pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM khaNDana ke lie inake mata ko uddhRta bhI inakI racanA manohara evaM yathArthabhASiNI hai| kiyA hai / isase jJAta hotA hai ki ye mImAMsaka AcArya vAsarazana-vAyu kI razanA - mekhalA pahanane vAle, sarvasva- the / yatra-tatra inake matoM kA jo ullekha pAyA jAtA hai unase tyAgI nagna munijana / Rgveda tathA taittirIya AraNyaka meM nimnalikhita bAteM jJAta hotI haiM : RSi-muniyoM ke lie yaha zabda prayukta huA hai| nagna (1) AcArya vAdari ke matAnusAra yadyapi paramezvara rahane vAle digambara muniyoM kI paramparA isI mUla se mahAna hai, phira bhI prAdeza mAtra hRdaya dvArA arthAt mana vikasita pratIta hotI hai| dvArA usakA smaraNa ho sakatA hai|

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vAdAvalI-vAmanapurANa 583 (2) inake matAnusAra gatizrutibala se kAryabrahma arthAt hai| inheM gautama kA putra kahA gayA hai| bRhaddevatA meM saguNa brahmA ko hI prApti hotI hai aura amAnava puruSa hI vAmadeva ke bAre meM do asaMgata kathAe~ vaNita haiM / yadyapi brahma kI prApti karA sakate haiM / / vAmadeva atharvaveda (18.3.15 16) tathA prAyaH brAhmaNoM meM (3) inake mata meM jJAnI puruSa ke zarIrAdi nahIM hote; ullikhita hai, kintu yahA~ unheM pUrva kathAoM kA nAyaka mukta puruSa nirindriya evaM zarIrahIna hote haiM / nahIM kahA gayA hai| (4) inake mata meM vaidika karma karane kA sabako vAmanajayantI-bhAdra zukla dvAdazI ko vAmanajayantI manAyI adhikAra hai| jAtI hai / viSNu ke avatAra vAmana bhagavAn isI dina madhyAhna kAla meM utpanna hue the aura usa dina zravaNa nakSatra vAdAvalI-svAmI jayatIrthAcArya dvArA racita granthoM meM se thA / isa dina upavAsa kA vidhAna hai / yaha vrata samasta eka grantha vAdAvalI hai| vyAsarAja svAmI ne isI kA pApoM ko dUra karatA hai / bhAgavata purANa meM kahA gayA hai avalambana kara mAdhva siddhAnta kA nyAyAmRta nAmaka grantha ki vAmana bhagavAn dvAdazI ko prakaTa hue the aura usa dina likhA hai| zravaNa nakSatra tathA abhijit muhUrta thaa| isa tithi ko vAdihaMsAmbujAcArya-inakA anya nAma dvitIya rAmAnujA vijayA dvAdazI bhI kahA jAtA hai / cArya hai| ye veGkaTanAtha ke mAmA aura guru the ! inake pitA vAmanadvAdazI-caitra mAsa kI dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anukA nAma padmanAbhAcArya thaa| dvitIya rAmAnujAcArya ne SThAna hotA hai / viSNu isake devatA haiM / usa dina upavAsa nyAyaliza nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| yaha grantha sambhavataH rakhanA cAhie / bhagavAn ke caraNoM se prArambha kara mastaka kahIM prakAzita nahIM huA hai| isameM prAyaH bAraha viSayoM paryanta unake sabhI zarIrAvayavoM kI bhinna-bhinna nAma para vicAra kiyA gayA hai, jo nimnAMkita hai : (1) lekara pUjA karanI cAhie / yajJopavIta, chatra, pAdukA tathA siddhArthavyutpattyAdisamarthana (2) svataH prAmANyanirUpaNa (2) mAlA yukta vAmana bhagavAna kI pratimA ko eka kalaza meM khyAtinirUpaNa (4) svayaMprakAzavAda (5) IzvarAnumAna- sthApita kara dvitIya divasa usakA dAna kara denA caahie| bhaGgavAda (6) vedAdyatiriktAtmayAthArthyavAda (7) samAnA- isa vrata se putrahIna loga putra prApta karate haiM / anya bhI dhikaraNavAda (8) satkAryavAda (9) saMsthAnasAmAnyasama- jo koI dhanAdi kI icchA karate haiM vaha avazya pUrNa hotI rthanavAda (10) muktivAda (11) bhAvAntarAbhAvavAda tathA hai / kucha adhikRta granthoM ke anusAra vAmana ekAdazI ko (12) shriirvaad| prakaTa hue the, jabaki bahutoM ke anusAra ve dvAdazI ko hI vAnaprastha-jIvana ke cAra AzramoM (vizrAmasthaloM) meM se prakaTa hue the| ina saba bAtoM ke lie de0 nirNayasindha, tIsarA / isa Azrama ko vana meM bitAne kA Adeza hai / isameM zarIra tathA mana ko vividha prakAra ke anuzAsana meM __ vAmanapurANa-aThAraha mahApurANoM meM eka vAmana purANa bhI rakhakara dhArmika kAryoM ke lie taiyAra karate haiM / isakA hai / vaiSNava purANa hone ke kAraNa isameM viSNu ke vibhinna uddezya brahmacintana ke lie caritra kI pavitratA, aparigraha avatAroM kI kathAe~ haiM kintu vAmana avatAra kI pradhAnatA aura zuddha sAtvika bhAva prApta karanA hai| isake lie hai / vAmana purANa meM dasa hajAra zloka haiM tathA paMcAnave adhyAya haiN| yaugika kriyA dvArA zarIra tathA mana kA nigraha kiyA isa mahApurANa meM zaiva sampradAya kA varNana bhI milatA jAtA hai| yaha Azrama saMnyAsa kA pUrva rUpa hai / de0 hai| isameM ziva, zivamAhAtmya, zaivatIrtha, umAziva vivAha. 'Azrama' / gaNeza kI utpatti, kArtikeyajanma aura unake caritra kA vAmakezvara tantra-AgamatattvavilAsa meM uddhRta 64 varNana pAyA jAtA hai / isa purANa kI prakRti samanvayAtmaka tantroM meM eka vAmakezvara bhI hai| isa grantha meM bhI 64 hai / karakacaturthI tathA kAyajvalI vratakathA, gaGgAmAnasika tantroM kI tAlikA prastuta huI hai| snAna, gaGgAmAhAtmya, dadhivAmanastotra, varAhamAhAtmya, vAmadeva-kucha RgvedIya saktoM ke saMkalayitA saptarSiyoM meM se veGkaTagiri mAhAtmya ityAdi kaI choTI-choTI pothiyA~ eka / Rgveda ke cauthe maNDala kA RSi inako mAnA jAtA vAmanapurANAntargata kahalAtI haiN| 140 /

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584 vAmana avatAra viSNu ke dasa avatAroM meM se vAmana avatAra pA~cavA~ hai vAmana kA zAbdika artha hai baunA bhagavAn ne yaha avatAra asuroM se pRthvI ko devoM ko dilAne ke lie liyA thaa| isa kathA kA mUla sarvaprathama Rgveda ke viSNusUkta meM pAyA jAtA hai / zatapatha brAhmaNa meM vAmanaavatAra kA saMkSipta varNana hai| vAmanapurANa meM usI ko vistRta rUpa de diyA gayA hai / vAmanapurANa se yaha mAlUma hotA hai ki bhagavAn viSNu ne kaI bAra vAmana rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thA / trivikrama nAmaka vAmanAvatAra meM unhoMne dhundhu nAmaka asura ko Dhakakara tIna hI caraNoM meM sAre bhuvana ko vaza meM kara liyA / isI prakAra anya vAmana avatAroM meM viSNu ne apane priya devoM kI nirbalatA para dayA karake apanI mAyA se asuroM ko Thagakara unase pRthvI, svarga, lakSmI Adi ko chur3AyA / vAmana kI prasiddha kathA bali ke sambandha meM hai / vAmamArga vAma sundara saraga, rocaka upAsanAbhAgaM / --- = zAktoM ke do mArga hai- dakSiNa (sarala) aura vAma (mdhur)| pahalA vaidika tAntrika tathA dUsarA avaidika tAntrika sampradAya hai / bhArata ne jaise apanA vaidika zAkta mata auroM ko diyA, vaise hI jAna par3atA hai ki usane vAmAcAra auroM se grahaNa bhI kiyA / AgamoM meM vAmAcAra aura zakti kI upAsanA kI adbhuta vidhiyoM kA vistAra se varNana huA hai| 'cInAcAra' Adi tantroM meM likhA hai ki vasiSTha deva ne cIna deza meM jAkara buddha ke upadeza se tArA kA darzana kiyA thA / isase do bAteM spaSTa hotI haiM / eka to yaha ki cIna ke zAka tArA ke upAsaka the aura dUsare yaha ki tArA kI upAsanA bhArata meM cIna se aayii| isI taraha kulAlikAmnAyatantra meM magoM ko brAhmaNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / bhaviSyapurANa meM bhI magoM kA bhArata meM lAyA jAnA aura sUryopAsanA meM sAmba kI purohitAI karanA varNita hai / pArasI sAhitya meM bhI pIre-magA~' arthAt magAcArya kI carcA hai magoM kI upAsanAvidhi meM madya mAMsAdi ke sevana kI vizeSatA thii| prAcIna hindU aura bauddha tantroM meM ziva-yAkti athavA bodhisatva-yazakti ke sAmana prasaMga meM pahale sUryamUrti kI bhAvanA kA bhI prasaMga hai / vayAnI siddhoM, vAmamAgiyoM aura magoM ke paMcamakAra sevana kI tulanA kI jAya to patA lagegA ki kisI kAla meM laghu eziyA se lekara cIna taka madhya eziyA aura bhArata Adi dakSiNI eziyA meM zAkramata kA eka na eka rUpa meM pracAra rahA hogA / kaniSka ke samaya meM mahAyAna aura vajrayAna mata kA vikAsa huA thA aura bauddha zAktoM ke dvArA paJcamakAra kI upAsanA inakI vizeSatA thI / vAmAcAra athavA vAmamArga kA pracAra baMgAla meM adhika vyApaka rahA / dakSiNamArgI zAkta vAmamArga ko heya mAnate haiM / unake tantroM meM vAmAcAra kI nindA huI hai / vAmanAvatAra - vAmAcAra , vaidika dakSiNamArgI varNAzrama dharma kA pAlana karane vAle the| avaidika bauddha Adi vAmAcArI cakra ke bhItara baiThakara sabhI eka jAti ke sabhI dvija yA brAhmaNa ho jAte the / vAmAcAra pracchanna rUpa se vaidika dakSiNAcAra para jaba AkramaNa karane lagA to dakSiNAcArI varNAzrama dharma ke niyama TUTane lage, vaidika sampradAyoM meM bhI jAti-pA~ti tor3ane vAlI zAkhAe~ bana gyiiN| vIra zaivoM meM basavezvara kA sampradAya, pAzupatoM meM lakulIza sampradAya, zaivoM meM kApAlika, vaiSNavoM meM bairAgI aura gusAI isI prakAra ke sudhArakadala paidA ho gye| vairAgiyoM aura vasavezvara panthiyoM ke sivA sabhI sudhAraka dala madyamAMsAdi sevana karane lage / koI gRhastha aisA nahIM raha gayA jisake gRhadevatA yA kuladevatAoM meM kisI devI kI pUjA na hotI ho / vAmamArga bAhara se AyA sahI, parantu zAkta mata aura samAna saMskRti hone ke kAraNa yahA~ khUba ghula-milakara phaila gayA / de0 ' vAmAcAra' tathA 'vAmAcArI' | vAmamArgI zeva - avaidika paMcamakAroM kA sevana karane vAle, jAti-pAMti kA bheda bhAva na rakhane vAle zAkta vAmamArgI zaiva kahalAte haiM / kApAlikoM ko isa koTi meM spaSTa rUpa se rakhA jA sakatA hai / vAmamArga kA prabhAva paravartI sabhI zAkoM para myUnAdhika ho gayA thaa| paribhASA isa prakAra kahI vAmAcAra -- vAmAcAra kI jAtI hai : paJcatattvaM khapuSpaJca pUjayet kulayoSitam / vAmAcArI bhavettatra vAmo bhUtvA yajet parAm // [paJcatattva athavA paJcamakAra, khapuSpa arthAt rajasvalA ke raja aura kulastrI kI pUjA kare / aisA karane se vAmAcAra hotA hai / isameM svayaM vAma hokara parA zakti kI pUjA kre|] cANDAlI, carmakArI, mAtI, matsyAhAriNI,

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vAmAcArI-vAyu (vAta) 585 madyakI, rajakI, kSIrakI aura dhanavallabhA ye ATha striyA~ kulayoginI haiN| ye hI samasta siddhiyoM kI dene vAlI haiN| vAmAcArI-zakti kI upAsanA cAra rUpoM meM hotI hai : (1) mandira meM sarvasAdhAraNa dvArA devI kI pUjA (2) cakra- pUjA (3) sAdhanA yA yogAbhyAsa tathA (4) abhicAra (jaaduu-mntr)| inameM dUsarI praNAlI arthAt 'cakrapUjA' pramukha paddhati hai| cakrapUjakoM ko vAmAcArI bhI kahate haiN| isameM samAna saMkhyaka puruSa tathA striyA~ jo kisI bhI jAti ke hote haiM aura samIpI sambandhI bhI ho sakate haiM (yathA pati, patnI, mA~, bahina, bhAI) ekAnta meM milate haiM, vizeSa kara rAta ko, aura eka golAI meM baiTha jAte haiN| devI kA pratinidhitva eka yantra yA mUrti dvArA hotA hai jise madhya meM rakhA jAtA hai / mantroccAraNa ke sAtha paJcamakAroM kA sevana hotA hai| vAyavIya saMhitA--zivapurANa meM kula sAta khaNDa haiN| isameM sAtavA~ khaNDa vAyavIya saMhitA hai / isake do bhAga hai pUrva aura uttr| vAyupurANa-yaha prAcInatama mahApurANoM meM mAnA jAtA hai| bANabhaTTa ne kAdambarI meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai (purANe vAyupralapitam) / isameM rudramAhAtmya bhI sammilita hai / yaha zaiva purANa hai tathA ziva kI prazaMsA meM likhA gayA hai| isameM pAzupatayoga kA mahattvapUrNa varNana hai jo anya purANoM meM nahIM miltaa| aThAraha mahApurANoM kI tAlikA meM vAyupurANa tathA zivapurANa donoM sAtha na hokara koI eka ginA jAtA hai / paramparAnusAra isameM 24 hajAra zloka haiM, kintu aisI koI pothI abhI taka prApta nahIM hai| isa samaya jo prati upalabdha hai usameM lagabhaga 11 sahasra zloka haiN| isameM cAra khaNDa tathA 112 adhyAya haiN| ye khaNDa pAda kahalAte haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM : (1) prakiyApAda (2) anuSaGgapAda (3) upodghAtapAda aura (4) upasaMhArapAda / prathama pAda meM sRSTivarNana bar3e vistAra ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| isake pazcAt caturAzramavibhAga kA vivecana hai| isa purANa meM bhaugolika sAmagrI pracura mAtrA meM pAyI jAtI hai| jambUdvIpa tathA anya dvIpoM kA vistRta evaM sundara varNana hai / khagola kA varNana bhI upalabdha hotA hai / katipaya adhyAyoM meM yuga, yajJa, RSi, tIrthAdi kA varNana hai| veda tathA veda kI zAkhAoM kA varNana samyak huA hai jo vaidika sAhitya ke adhyayana ke lie upayogI hai| prajApati, kazyapa tathA anya RSiyoM ke vaMzoM kA itihAsa pAyA jAtA hai| Age calakara zrAddha kA varNana aura gayAmAhAtmya hai| saMgIta kA varNana bhI sundara aura manoraMjaka hai| vAyu meM vaMzAnucarita kA varNana aitihAsika dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha purANa sAmpradAyika hote hue bhI dhArmika dRSTi se udAra hai| isake kaI adhyAyoM meM viSNu tathA unake vibhinna avatAroM kA bhaktipUrNa tathA sundara varNana hai| dakSa prajApati ne jo ziva kI stuti kI hai vaha rudrAdhyAya kA smaraNa dilAtI hai| vAyu (vAta)-vaidika devatAoM ko tIna zreNiyoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai: pArthiva, vAyavIya evaM aakaashiiy| inameM vAyavIya devoM meM vAyu pradhAna devatA hai| isakA eka paryAya vAta bhI hai / vAyu, vAta donoM hI bhautika tattva evaM daivI vyaktitva ke bodhaka hai kintu vAyu se vizeSa kara devatA evaM vAta se A~dhI kA bodha hotA hai| Rgveda meM kevala eka hI pUrNa sUkta vAyu kI stuti meM hai (1.139) tathA vAta ke lie do haiM (10.168,186) / vAyu kA prasiddha viruda 'niyutvAn' hai jisase isake sadA calate rahane kA bodha hotA hai| vAyu manda ke sivA tIna prakAra kA hotA hai : (1) dhUla-patte ur3AtA huA (2) varSAkara evaM (3) varSA ke sAtha calane vAlA jhaMjhAvAta / tInoM prakAra vAta ke haiM jabaki vAyu kA svarUpa bar3A hI komala varNita hai| prAtaHkAlIna samIra (vAyu) uSA ke Upara sA~sa lekara use jagAtA hai, jaise premI apanI soyI preyasI ko jagAtA ho| uSA ko jagAne kA artha hai prakAza ko nimaMtraNa denA, AkAza tathA pRthvI ko dyutimAn krnaa| isa prakAra prabhAta hone kA kAraNa vAyu hai kyoMki vAyu hI uSA ko jagAtA hai| indra evaM vAyu kA sambandha bahuta ho samIpI hai aura isa prakAra indra tathA vAyu yugalava kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM / vidyut evaM vAyu varSAkAlIna garjana evaM tUphAna meM eka sAtha hote haiM, isalie indra tathA vAyu eka hI ratha meM baiThate hai-donoM ke saMyukta kArya kA yaha paurANika vyaktIkaraNa hai / soma kI prathama ghUTa vAyu hI grahaNa karatA hai / vAyu apane ko rahasyAtmaka (adRzya) padArtha ke rUpa meM prastuta karatA hai| isakI dhvani sunAI par3atI hai kintu

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586 vArakarI (sampradAya)-vArivrata koI isakA rUpa nahIM dekhatA / isakI utpatti ajJAta hai| eka bAra ise svarga tathA pRthvI kI santAna kahA gayA hai (R0 7.9.3) / vaidika RSi vAyu ke svAsthya sambandhI guNoM se suparicita the| ve jAnate the ki vAyu hI jIvana kA sAdhana hai tathA svAsthya ke lie vAyu kA calanA paramAvazyaka hai / vAta rogamukti lAtA hai tathA jIvanI zakti ko bar3hAtA hai / usake ghara meM amaratva kA koSa bharA par3A hai / uparyukta hetuoM se vAyu ko vizva kA kAraNa, manuSyoM kA pitA tathA devoM kA zvAsa kahA gayA hai| ina vaidika kalpanAoM ke AdhAra para purANoM meM vAyu sambandhI bahuta sI purAkathAoM kI racanA huii| vArakarI (sampradAya)--dakSiNa bhArata ke udAra bhAgavata sampradAya (ziva tathA viSNu kI ekatA ke sampradAya) kI tIna zAkhAe~ ho gayI hai : (1) vArakarI sampradAya (2) rAmadAsI sampradAya aura (3) datta sampradAya / vArakarI sampradAya vAloM kI vizeSatA hai tiirthyaatraa| unake pradhAna upAsya paNDharapura ke bhagavAn viTThala yA biThovA haiN| vAravrata-agnipurANa, a0 185; kRtyakalpataru, 8-34; dAnasAgara, pR0 568-570; hemAdri kA caturvargacintAmaNi, 1.517-521; kRtyaratnAkara, 593-610; smR0 kau0, 549-588 tathA vratArka jaise granthoM meM ravivAra, somavAra tathA maMgalavAra ke dina vrata karane kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vArANasI (banArasa)-kAzI kA dUsarA nAma / varaNA aura asI ke bIca basane ke kAraNa isakA nAma vArANasI pdd'aa| isI kA apabhraMza 'banArasa' hai| prAcIna kAla meM janapada kA nAma kAzI thA aura vArANasI usakI rAjadhAnI thI / ati prAcIna kAla se bhArata kI vidyA va dharma kI rAjadhAnI gaMgA ke bAyeM taTa para basI vArANasI hI rahI hai| yaha ziva kI priya nagarI aura anekAneka dharma va sampradAyoM kI jananI hai| zaiva dharma, jaina tIrthaGkara, gautama buddha, zaMkarAcArya, vallabha, rAmAnanda, kabIra, tulasI Adi kI yaha karmabhUmi rahI hai / gaGgA kA yahA~ dakSiNa se uttara ko bahAva vArANasI ko aura bhI mahattva pradAna karatA hai / gaGgA ke taTa vara vArANasI ke ghATa apUrva zobhA pAte haiN| ina para nitya snAna karane vAle prAtaHkAla gaMgA ke sAmane dUsarI ora se nikalate hue bhagavAn bhAskara kA darzanakara kRtArtha ho jAte haiN| ziva tathA gaMgA ke atirikta vaiSNava, bauddha, jaina evaM anekAneka hindU sampradAyoM ke yahA~ mandira tathA maTha haiN| yadi ise mandiroM kI nagarI kaheM to atizayokti na hogii| lagabhaga 1500 mandira isa nagara meM haiN| yahA~ kA pratyeka mandira, maTha, Azrama yahA~ taka ki AcAryoM ke ghara eka-eka vidyAlaya hai / isa paramparA kA nirvAha Aja bhI ho rahA hai| Ajakala tIna vizvavidyAlayoM-kAzI hindU vizva vidyAlaya, saMpUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya aura kAzI vidyApITha ke atirikta anekAneka vidyAlaya tathA mahAvidyAlaya yahA~ bhare hue haiN| uparyukta mahattAoM ke kAraNa kAzI ( vArANasI ) hindU mAtra kA prasiddha tIrtha hai / pratyeka hindU kI yaha icchA hotI hai ki vaha vizvanAtha kI isa pyArI nagarI meM hI mare / pratyeka grahaNa ke avasara para sAre bhArata kI janatA isa nagarI meM umar3a AtI hai, gaMgAsnAna va kAzI-vizvevara ke darzana kara apane ko dhanya aura kRtArtha mAnatI hai / de0 'kAzI' / vArAha avatAra-taittirIya brAhmaNa aura zatapatha brAhmaNa meM isa avatAra kA varNana hai| yaha viSNu kA tIsarA avatAra hai| isakA varAhapurANa meM vistRta varNana hai / jaba hiraNyAkSa nAmaka daitya ne pRthvI ko curAkara pAtAla meM rakha diyA thA taba viSNu ne varAha rUpa dhAraNa kara apane dA~toM se pRthvI kA uddhAra kiyaa| isa paurANika ghaTanA ke nAma para isa kalpa kA nAma hI zveta vArAhakalpa ho gayA hai / de0 'vraahaavtaar'| vArAho-pratyeka devatA kI zaktiyoM kI upAsanA kA pracalana zAkta dharma kI dena hai| isa prakAra varAha kI zakti kA nAma vArAhI hai / mUrtiyoM meM isakA aGkana huA hai| vArAhItantra-AgamatattvavilAsa meM utdhRta eka tantra / isa tantra se patA lagatA hai ki jaimini, kapila, nArada, garga, pulastya, bhRgu, zukra, bRhaspati Adi RSiyoM ne bhI kaI upatantra race haiN| vArAhItantra meM ina tantroM kA nAma unakI zlokasaMkhyA sahita diyA huA hai| vArivrata-yaha mAsavata hai| pratIta hotA hai ki isake devatA brahmA haiM / vratI ko caitra, jyeSTha, ASAr3ha, mAgha athavA pauSa meM arthAt cAra mAsa ayAcita paddhati se AhAra karanA cAhie / vrata ke anta meM vastroM se DhakA eka kalaza, bhojana tathA tiloM se paripUrNa eka pAtra, jisameM suvarNa khaNDa bhI

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vAraNa upapurANa-vAlmIki 587 par3A ho, dAna karanA caahie| itane kRtyoM ke uparAnta aura bhAI bhRgu RSi the / varuNa kA nAma praceta bhI hai, isalie vratI brahmAjI ke loka ko prApta hotA hai| vAlmIki prAcetas nAma se vikhyAta haiN| taittirIya upanivAruNa upapurANa-untosa upapurANoM meM se eka vAruNa Sad meM varNita brahmavidyA varuNa aura bhRga ke saMvAdarUpa meM upapurANa bhI hai| hai / isase spaSTa hai ki bhRgu ke anuja vAlmIki bhI parama vAruNI-caitra kRSNa trayodazI ko yadi zatabhiSA nakSatra ho / jJAnI aura tapasvI RSi the| ugra tapasyA yA bahmacintana (jisake svAmI varuNa devatA haiM) to vaha vAruNI kaha- meM dehAdhyAsa na rahane ke kAraNa inake zarIra ko dImaka ne lAtI hai tathA isa parva para gaMgAsnAna karane vAle ko Dhaka liyA thA, bAda meM dImaka ke valmIka (daha) se ye bAhara eka karor3a sUryagrahaNoM ke barAbara puNya hotA hai / yadi upa- . nikale, tabase inakA nAma vAlmIki ho gyaa| inakA yukta yogoM ke atirikta usa dina zanivAra bhI ho to yaha Azrama tamasA nadI ke taTa para thaa| (bhAgavata) mahAvAruNI kahalAtI hai / yadi ina sabake atirikta zubha eka dina maharSi ne prAtaHkAla tamasA ke taTa para eka nAmaka yoga bhI A jAya to phira yaha 'mahAmahAvAruNI' vyAdha ke dvArA krauJca pakSI kA vadha karane para karuNArdra ho kahalAtI hai| use zApa diyaa| zApa kA zabda anuSTap chanda meM bana gayA vAruNI upaniSad-taittirIyopaniSad ke tIna bhAga haiM / thaa| isI anuSTup chanda meM muni ne nArada se sunI rAma pahalA saMhitopaniSad yA zikSAvallI hai, dUsare bhAga ko kI kathA ke AdhAra para rAmAyaNa kI racanA kara DAlI / AnandavallI aura tIsare ko bhRguvallI kahate haiN| ina use lava-kuza ko pddh'aayaa| lava-kuza ne use rAma kI rAjasabhA donoM valliyoM kA saMyukta nAma vAruNI upaniSad hai| meM gaayaa| isa para vAlmIki prathama kavi tathA rAmAyaNa vArSagaNya-prathama athavA dvitIya zatAbdI vi0 meM utpanna, prathama mahAkAvya prasiddha huA / vAlmIki kI aura bhI aneka sAMkhya darzana ke eka AcArya / ye prasiddha dArzanika the / inakA racanAe~ haiM kintu rAmAyaNa akele hI unheM sarvadA ke lie racA 'SaSTitantra' sAMkhya viSayaka maulika racanA hai / amaratva de gayI hai| vAlakhilya-(1) Rgveda ke samasta sUktoM kI saMkhyA 1028 (2) ye purANavaNita vAlmIki tretAyuga meM hue the aura hai / inameM se 11 sUktoM para, jinheM 'vAlakhilya' kahate haiM, na prAcetas vAlmIki se bhinna pratIta hote haiN| paramparAgata to sAyaNAcArya kA bhASya hai aura na zaunaka RSi kI kathanAnusAra inakA prArambhika jIvana nikRSTa thA / kahate haiM anukramaNI meM inakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| pratyeka sUkta ki ye ratnAkara nAmaka dasyu the tathA jaMgala meM pathikoM meM kisI divya IzvarIya vibhUti kI stuti hai aura usa kA badha kara unakA dhana chIna lete aura apane parivAra stuti ke sAtha-sAtha vyAjarUpa se sRSTi ke aneka rahasyoM kA bharaNa-poSaNa kiyA karate the| eka dina usI mArga se tathA tattvoM kA udghATana kiyA gayA hai| maharSi nArada kA Agamana huaa| vAlmIki ne unake sAtha (2) devagaNoM kA eka aisA varga jo AkAra meM bhI vaisA hI vyavahAra karanA caahaa| maharSi ne unheM manA a~gUThe ke barAbara hote haiN| inakI utpatti brahmA ke zarIra kiyA tathA kahA ki ina pApoM ke bhAgIdAra tumhAre mAtAse huI hai| inakI saMkhyA sATha hajAra hai aura ye sUrya ke ratha pitA, strI yA bacce hoMge yA nahIM, jinake lie tuma yaha ke Age-Age calate haiN| saba karate ho| vAlmIki ko vizvAsa na huA aura ve vAlakhilyazAkhA-yajurveda kI vAjasaneyI saMhitA meM 1990 nArada ko eka vRkSa ke sAtha bA~dhakara apane ghara uparyukta mantra hai / vAlakhilya zAkhA kA bhI yahI parimANa hai / ina jijJAsA kA uttara prApta karane gaye / kintu ghara kA koI bhI donoM se cAra gunA adhika inake bAhmaNoM kA parimANa hai : sadasya unake pApoM kA bhAgIdAra honA na cAhatA thaa| ve dve sahasra zatanyUnaM mantrA vAjasaneyake / vana meM lauTa Aye, nAradajI ko mukta kara unake caraNoM meM tAvattvanyena saMkhyAtaM vAlakhilyaM sazukriyam / gira gaye aura unake upadeza se anna-jala tyAgakara tapasyA brAhmaNasya samAkhyAtaM proktamAnAccaturguNam / / meM nirata hue| unake zarIra para dImakoM ne ghara banA liyaa| vAlmoki-(1) maharSi kazyapa aura aditi ke navama putra dImakoM se banAye TIle ko 'valmIka' kahate haiM / usase varuNa (Aditya) se inakA janma huaa| inakI mAtA carSaNI nikalane ke kAraNa inakA nAma vAlmIki prasiddha ho gyaa|

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588 vAlmIki rAmAyaNa-de0 'rAmAyaNa' / vAsiSTha upapurANa - untIsa prasiddha upapurANoM meM se eka vAsiSTha upapurANa bhI hai| vAsantika navarAtra caitra zukla ke Arambha se nau dinoM taka calane vAlA parva / ina navarAtroM meM bhI zAradIya navarAtroM ke sadRza hI pUjana utsava hote haiM yaha mukhyataH zAta parva hai aura isameM zakti athavA durgA kI pUjA hotI hai / parantu isake sAtha vaiSNava parva bhI jur3a gayA hai| antima dina rAmanavamI ko rAmajanmotsava maMGgala-vAdya, nAca-gAna Adi ke sAtha manAyA jAtA hai / vAsudeva dvAdazI ASAr3ha zukla dvaadshii| isameM bhagavAn vAsudeva ke zarIrAvayavoM kI, caraNoM se mastaka taka unake vibhinna nAmoM tathA vyUhoM kA uccAraNa karate hue pUjA karanI caahie| eka pAtra meM vAsudeva kI suvarNapratimA rakhakara usakA pUjana kiyA jAnA caahie| jalapAtra do vastroM se AcchAdita honA caahie| pUjana ke uparAnta usakA dAna kara denA caahie| yaha vrata nArada dvArA vasudeva tathA devakI ko sUcita kiyA gayA thA, isako karane se vratI putra athavA rAjya, yadi usane kho diyA ho, prApta kara letA hai / sAtha hI vaha samasta pApoM se mukta ho jAtA hai / vijayA (dazamI) - ( 1 ) Azvina zukla kA anuSThAna vihita hai| sUryAsta ke samaya, jabatArAgaNa nikala rahe hoM, uddezyoM kI siddhi ke lie atyanta mAnA gayA hai| de0 smRtikaustubha dazamI ko isa vrata thor3I dera bAda kA samasta siddhiyoM tathA punIta tathA mahattvapUrNa 353 // (2) dina ke paMdraha muhatoM meM se yaha gyAraha muhUrta hai / de0 smRtikaustubha, 353 / vijayA dvAdazI (1) isa vrata meM bhAdrapada zukla ekAdazI ko saMkalpa karanA cAhie aura zravaNa nakSatra yukta dvAdazI ko upavAsa / isa avasara para bhagavAn viSNu kI suvarNa kI pratimA ko pItAmbara pahanAkara unakA ardhyAdi se pUjana karanA cAhie | rAtri ko jAgaraNa kA vidhAna hai| dUsare dina sUryodaya ke samaya pratimA kA dAna karanA caahie| (2) phAlguna kRSNa yA zukla ekAdazI athavA dvAdazI yadi puSya nakSatra se yukta ho to vaha vijayA kahalAtI hai / (3) bhAdra zukla ekAdazI vA dvAdazI yadi budhavAra ko par3e tathA usa dina zravaNa nakSatra ho to vaha bhI vijayA vAlmIkIya rAmAyaNa- vitastApUjA hai / zukla pakSa meM vrata karane se svargopalabdhi tathA kRSNa pakSa meM vrata karane se pApa kSaya hote haiN| / vijayA yaha nAma kaI tithiyoM ke lie prayukta hotA hai| yathA yadi ravivAra ko saptamI aura rohiNI nakSatra ho to vaha vijayA kahalAtI hai garuDapurANa ke anusAra dvAdazI yA ekAdazI zravaNa nakSatra se saMyukta ho to vaha vijayA kahalAtI hai| 'varSakRtyakaumudI' ke anusAra yadi vijayA saptamI ko sUrya hasta nakSatra meM ho to vaha mahAmahAvijayA kahalAtI hai / zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI ko yadi punarvasu nakSatra ho to vaha vijayA kahalAtI hai| Azvina zukla pakSa kI dazamI bhI vijayA kahI jAtI hai| isa dina kSatriya rAjA aparAjitA devI, zamI vRkSa aura astra-zastroM kA pUjana evaM vijayayAtrA karate haiM / vijayAvrataindra ke vAhana airAvata hAthI tathA uccaiHzravA nAmaka azva kI pUjA isa vrata meM kI jAtI hai / uccaiHzravA indra kA vAhana hai| yaha parva vijayA dazamI ko kSatriyoM dvArA manAyA jAtA hai / vijayAyajJasasamI mAgha zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna honA cAhie / isake devatA sUrya haiM / eka varSaparyanta isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai / prati mAsa sUrya ke vibhinna nAmoM ko prayukta kiyA jAya / 12 brAhmaNoM ko sammAnita kiyA jaay| vrata ke anta meM suvarNa kI sUryamUrti evaM sArathi tathA ratha kI pratimAe~ banavAkara apane AcArya ko de denI caahie| vijJAna - antaHkaraNa kI usa cetanA kA nAma, jisake dvArA apane vyaktitva kA bodha hotA hai / isakA artha 'ahaGkAra' se kucha milatA-julatA hai| vijJAnavAda darzana ke usa siddhAnta kA nAma, jo mAnatA hai ki vastusattA 'vijJAnarUpa' hai / vijJAna ke atirikta jagat kA koI astitva nahIM haiM / yaha bauddha yogAcAra mata se milatA-julatA hai / - vitastApUjA - bhAdrapada kI dazamI se sAta dinoM taka vitastA jo nadI (Ajakala jhelama kahalAtI hai) meM hI snAna, usI kA jala pInA, usake pUjana tathA dhyAna meM magna honA caahie| kazmIra bhUmi meM vitastA bhagavatI satI (pArvatI) kA hI avatAra hai / vitastA tathA sindhu ke saMgama para vizeSa pUjA kA vidhAna hai| vitastA ke sammAna meM utsava

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vidyA-vinayapatrikA 589 manAnA cAhie aura abhinetA tathA nartakoM kA sammAna AcArya ko suvarNa dAna kara svayaM bhojana karanA caahie| karanA caahie| vidyAvAptivata-mAgha mAsa kI kRSNa pratipadA ko vrata vidyA-darzana, dharma aura kalA ke arthoM meM 'vidyA' kA Arambha kara eka mAsa taka usa kA Ayojana karanA prayoga hotA hai / darzana meM vidyA kA artha hai adhyAtma cAhie / isa avasara para tiloM se hayagrIva kI pUjA zAstra, arthAt AtmajJAna se sambandha rakhane vAlI vidyA / karanI cAhie, tiloM se hI havana karanA cAhie / prathama dharma meM vidyA kA artha hai trayI (tIna veda), dharmazAstra tIna dina upavAsa rakhanA cAhie / yaha eka mAsa kA vrata athavA sAmAjika zAstra / paurANika tathA tAntrika dharma meM hai| isase vratI vidvAn ho jAtA hai / (viSNudharma0) vidyA kA prayoga mahAdevI, durgA athavA zakti ke mantra artha vidyAvata-kisI mAsa kI dvitIyA ko akSatoM se eka vargAmeM hotA hai / kalA ke kSetra meM vidyA kA prayoga aneka kAra AkRti banAkara usake kendra meM aSTa dala kamala kalAoM aura zilpoM ke artha meM kiyA jAtA hai| aMkita kiyA jAya, usake cAroM ora kamalahastA lakSmI arthazAstra meM cAra vidyAe~ batalAyI gayI hai-(1) kI, jisakI ATha zaktiyA~ (sarasvatI, rati, maitrI, vidyA AnvIkSikI (tarka athavA darzana) (2) trayI (tIna veda) Adi) bhI vidyamAna raheM, AkRti banAyI jAya / ATha (3) vArtA (Adhunika arthazAstra) aura (4) daNDanIti zaktiyoM ko eka-eka pa~khur3I para aGkita karanA caahie| (Adhunika raajniiti)| manusmRti (7.43) ne eka aura taba 'sarasvatyai namaH' kahate hue unheM pramANa karanA vidyA (AtmavidyA) jor3a dI hai| yAjJavalkya smRti meM caahie| kucha anya devagaNa, jaise cAroM dizAoM ke cAra vidyA ke caudaha sthAna batalAye gaye hai-cAra veda, chaH dikpAla tathA unake madhya vAlI dizAoM ke bhI dikpAloM vedAGga, purANa, nyAya, mImAMsA aura smRti / koI-koI kI AkRtiyA~ aura cAra guruoM (vyAsa, kratu, manu, dakSa) cAra upavedoM ko bhI jor3akara aThAraha vidyAsthAna batalAte tathA vasiSThAdi kI AkRtiyA~ maNDala meM sthApita kI jA~ya / haiM / isI prakAra koI tetIsa aura koI causaTha vidyAe~ bhinna-bhinna puSpoM se ina sabakI pUjA karanI cAhie / (kalAe~) mAnate hai| sarvaprathama IzopaniSad meM 'vidyA' zrIsUkta ke maMtroM, puruSasUkta ke maMtroM tathA viSNu ke kA prayoga adhyAtma vidyA ke rUpa meM huA hai : lie kahe gaye maMtroM se inakA pUjana karanA cAhie / vratovidyAJca avidyAJca yastad veda ubhayaM saha / parAnta eka gau, jalapUrNa kalaza tathA cAvaloM evaM tiloM avidyayA mRtyu tIrvA vidyayA'mRtamaznute // se paripUrNa anya pA~ca pAtra apane purohita ko diye jA~ya / [ jo vidyA (adhyAtma) aura avidyA (bhautika zAstra) (strI vratI dvArA) pisI huI haldI tathA suvarNa kisI ko sAtha-sAtha jAnatA hai vaha avidyA se mRtyu-saMsAra ko sadgRhastha ko tathA bhUkhe ko bhojana diyA jAya / vratakartA pArakara vidyA se amRtatattva ko prApta karatA hai| apane AcArya se tathA AcArya pratimAoM ke sammukha nAgeza bhaTTa ne isI artha meM vidyA kA prayoga kiyA vidyA dene kI prArthanA kreN| (garuDa0) hai : "paramottamapuruSArthasAdhanIbhUtA vidyA brahmajJAna- vidhAnasaptamI-isake sUrya devatA haiN| vratI ko mAgha zukla svruupaa|" saptamI se vrata kA Arambha kara nimnAMkita bAraha vastuoM vidyApratipadvata-mAsa kI prathama tithi ko yaha vrata karanA meM se kevala eka vastu kA prati mAsa kI saptamI ko kramazaH cAhie / jo vyakti dhanArthI yA vidyArthI ho use dhAnoM se AhAra karanA cAhie : arka ke puSyoM kA agrabhAga, zuddha gau eka vargAkAra AkRti banAkara bhagavAn viSNu tathA lakSmI kA gobara, marica, jala, phala, mUla (raktima), nakta vidhi, kA eka sahasra yA usase kama pUrNa rUpa se khile hue upavAsa, ekabhakta, dugdha, pavana aura ghRta / kAlaviveka, varSakamaloM se tathA dUdha yA khIra se pUjana karanA caahie| kRtyakaumudI Adi isa vrata ko ravivrata se ( jo mAgha sarasvatI kI pratimA unake pArzva meM virAjamAna kI jaay| meM prathama ravivAra ke dina hotA hai ) pRthak mAnate haiN| candramA bhI vahA~ vidyamAna rhe| usa dina apane guru vinayapatrikA-rAmacaritamAnasa ke praNetA gosvAmI kA sammAna karanA cAhie / usa dina tathA dvitIyA ko tulasIdAsa dvArA racita yaha grantha mukhyataH rAma ke prati upavAsa karake viSNu kA pUjana karanA cAhie / taduparAnta aura gauNataH anya devatAoM ke prati kI gayI stutiyoM kA

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590 - saMgraha hai| Avedanapatra ke rUpa meM ye stutiyA~ padyoM meM racI gayI haiM, ataH isa saMgraha kA nAma vinayapatrikA par3A / tulasI sAhitya meM rAmacaritamAnasa ke pazcAt isakA dUsarA sthAna hai / racanA meM dAsya aura dainya bhAva kI pradhAnatA hai / vibhUtidvAdazI - vaizAkha, kArtika, mArgazIrSa, phAlguna athavA ASAr3ha mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI dazamI ko isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai| vratI niyamoM (aniSiddha bAtoM kA ) AcaraNa kare | ekAdazI ke dina upavAsa karate hue janArdana (mUrti) kA pUjana kare caraNoM se prArambha kara siraparyanta bhagavAn kI pratimA kA kramazaH pUjana kare / bhagavAn kI pratimA ke sammukha kalaza yA kisI jalapUrNa pAtra meM sone kI machalI banAkara rakhI jAya, rAtri ko bhagavAn kI kathAe~ kahakara jAgaraNa kiyA jAya / dUsare dina prAtaH kAla nimna zabda bolate hue - "viSNu bhagavAn apane mahAn prakAza se kabhI vimukta nahIM hote, usI prakAra Apa mujhe saMsAra ke zoka paDU se mukta kareM", prArthanA kre| pratimAsa vaha dasa avatAroM meM se eka abatAra kI pratimA evaM dattAtreya tathA vyAsajI kI pratimAoM kA dAna kre| unake sAtha dvAdazI ko eka nIla kamala kA bhI dAna kiyA jAya / dvAdaza dvAdaziyoM ke vratoM kA AcaraNa karane ke bAda apane guru athavA AcArya ko eka lavaNAcala paryopayogI samasta vastra, eka gau (yadi vratI rAjA mahArAja ho to ) grAma yA kheta ( gA~va kA mukhya kheta) tathA anyAnya brAhmaNoM ko goe~ tathA vastra dAna meM diye jA~ya | yaha vidhi tIna varSoM taka calanI caahie| ina AcaraNoM se vratI samasta pApoM se mukta hokara kama se kama eka sau pitaroM kA bhI uddhAra kara letA hai| 'lavaNAcala' dAna ke lie de0 pA0 vA0 kANe dharmazAstra kA iti paGka hAsa, bhAga 2, pR0 882 (matsyapurANa, 84. 1-9) / virUpAkSavrata - pauSa zukla caturdazI ko isa vrata kA Arambha hotA hai| isake anusAra bhagavAn ziva kI eka varSa taka pUjA karanI caahie| vrata ke anta meM kisI brAhmaNa ko samasta padArtha tathA eka U~Ta dAna kiyA jAya / isase samasta rAkSasoM ke bhaya se tathA rogoM se mukti milatI hai evaM sakala kAmanAoM kI pUrti hotI hai| vivarta - advaita vedAnta kA eka siddhAnta / brahma aura jagat ke sambandha ko samajhAne ke lie isakA vikAsa huA / vibhUtidvAdazI-vizoka saMkrAnti isake anusAra jagat na brahma kI sRSTi hai aura na usakA pariNAma; jagat brahma kA vivarta ( vRttAkAra cakragati se utpanna bhramamAtra) hai, isalie yaha bhrAmaka aura avAstavika hai | de0 'advaitavAda' tathA 'zaGkara' / viziSTAdvaita eka prakAra ke isa jaise vedAnta kA smprdaay| isakA artha hai 'viziSTa (vizeSaNa yukta) advaita' / isake pravartaka AcArya rAmAnuja the / isa sampradAya ke anusAra brahma aikAntika hote hue bhI puruSa (Izvara) hai / usake do aMza (vizeSaNa) haiM - cit ( jIvAtmA) aura acit (jar3a jagat ), jo vAstavika aura usase bhinna haiM / inhIM tInoM tatvoM ( tatvatraya) se vizva saMghaTita hai| ina tInoM meM aikya hai kintu abheda nhiiN| jIvAtmA Izvara kI kRpA se hI mukti pA sakatA hai| isa mata kA pratipAdana rAmAnuja dvArA brahmasUtra ke zrIbhASya meM huA hai / de0 'rAmAnuja' / vizokadvAdazI - Azvina zukla dazamI ko rAtri ko vratI saMkalpa kare - " maiM kala ekAdazI ko upavAsa karake bhagavAn kezava kI ArAdhanA karU~gA aura dvAdazI ke dina bhojana grahaNa kruuNgaa|" usa dina kezava kI ApAdamastaka pUjA honI cAhie / eka maNDala banAkara usa para catuSkoNa vedikA banAnI caahie| usa para anAja sApha karanevAlA nayA sUpa rakhakara usameM lakSmI kI, jise vizokA ( jo zoka rahita karatI hai) bhI kahate haiM, sthApanA karake pUjA kI jAya tathA prArthanA karate hue kahA jAya ki he vizokA devI! hamAre zokoM kA nAza karo, hameM samRddhi tathA saphalatA pradAna kro| samasta rAtriyoM ko aisA pAnI piyA jAya jisameM darbha par3e hoN| rAtri meM nRtya tathA gAna ho, brAhmaNoM kA sammAna kiyA jaay| yaha kriyA prati mAsa cale / vrata ke anta meM paryaGka ke upayukta vastra, gur3adhenu tathA zUrpa kA lakSmIjI kI mUrti ke sAtha dAna karanA cAhie / matsya - purANa meM isakA tathA gur3adhenu kA varNana hai, jo isa vrata kA gauNa bhAga hai| gur3adhenu ke lie de0 pA0 vA0 kANe : dharmazAstra kA itihAsa 2, pR0 880-81 / vizokasaMkrAnti-jaba ayana ke dina athavA viSuva ke dina vyatIpAta yoga ho, to vratI ko tilamizrita jala se snAna karanA cAhie tathA ekabhakta vidhi se AhAra karanA caahie| taba yaha sUrya kI suvarNapratimA ko paJcagavya se snAna karAkara gandha, puSpAdi arpaNa kara do rakta vastra pahanAye, tadanantara use tAmrapAtra meM rakhakara sUrya ke

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vizvarUpavrata-viSNu bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se ApAdamastaka unakI pUjA kI AhAra karanA cAhie / usa dina devoM, pitaroM tathA darbho jaay| yaha krama eka varSaparyanta calanA caahie| varSa ke kI banAyI huI viSTi kA puSpAdi se pUjana kiyA jAya / anta meM sUrya ke pUjana kA vidhAna hai / isa avasara para 12 isa avasara para viSTi ko kRzarA arthAt khicar3I kA kapilA gauoM kA athavA nirdhana hone para kevala eka gau / naivedya arpita karanA cAhie / kAle vastroM, kAlI gau tathA kA dAna kiyA jaay| isase dIrgha Ayu prApta hotI hai, kAle kambala kA dAna isa avasara para kiyA jAya / viSTi svAsthya tathA samRddhi kI surakSA hotI hai| tathA bhadrA kA eka hI artha hai| vizvarUpavrata-aSTamI athavA caturdazI ke dina yadi zani-viSNu-Aditya varga ke vaidika devatAoM meM eka / yadyapi vAra tathA revatI nakSatra ho to usa dina isa vrata kA anu- viSNu kI stuti meM Rgveda (1.154) kA eka hI sUkta SThAna karanA cAhie / zivajI isake devatA haiN| isa dina pAyA jAtA hai, kintu vaha itanA sAragarbhita hai ki usake zivaliGga kA mahAbhiSeka snAna karAyA jAya / karpUra ko tattvoM se viSNu ko hindU trimUrti meM Age calakara aGgarAga kI bhA~ti lagAyA jAya, zveta kamala tathA anya pramukha sthAna milaa| usa viSNusUkta meM unake tIna aneka AbhUSaNa car3hAye jAya~, dhUpa ke rUpa meM karpUra jalAyA caraNoM ( trivikrama, urukrama ) kI vizeSatA pAyI jAtI jAya, ghI tathA khIra kA naivedya arpaNa kiyA jAya, kuzoM hai| ye bAlasUrya, madhyAhnasUrya tathA sAyaMsUrya ke tIna se bhIgA huA jala piyA jAya tathA rAtri ko jAgaraNa sthAna haiN| unakA uccatama sthAna madhyAhna kA hai| isa kiyA jAya / isa avasara para AcArya ko gaja athavA sthAna kA jo varNana pAyA jAtA hai vaha paravartI viSNuloka azva kA dAna karanA caahie| isase vratI vaha saba athavA goloka kA pUrvarUpa hai| viSNu kA bhakta vahA~ prApta kara letA hai jisakI vaha icchA karatA hai, jaise putra, pahu~ca kara Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai| vahA~ bhUrizrRMga rAjya, AnandAdi / isI kAraNa isakA nAma hai vizvarUpa gaue~ (razmiyA~) vicaratI haiM aura madhu kI dhArAe~ pravAhita (sAhityika artha samasta ruup)| hotI haiM / viSNu apane caraNa dayAbhAva se uThAte haiN| unakA viSTivata athavA bhadrAvata-jyotiSa granthoM meM karaNoM kA uddezya hai saMsAra ko duHkha se mukta karane kA aura mAnavoM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| pratyeka tithi ke Adhe-Adhe bhAgoM ke lie pRthvI ko upayukta AvAsa banAne kA (R0 6. ko karaNa kahate haiM jo saba gyAraha hai| unakI do zreNiyA~ 49. 13) / ve saMsAra ke rakSaka aura saMrakSaka donoM haiN| hai-cara tathA sthira, arthAt calanazIla aura acl| viSNu kaI rUpa dhAraNa karate haiN| brAhmaNa granthoM meM viSNa prathama kI kula saMkhyA sAta hai jinameM se eka viSTi hai| kI kalpanA aura viSNuyAgoM kA aura vistAra huaa| purANoM viSTi kisI tithi kA ardhAza hotA hai / jyotiSa zAstra ke meM viSNu sambandhI kalpanAoM, kathAoM aura pUjA paddhati granthoM ne ise bure, duSTa, kapaTI bhUta-pretAdi ke samAna zreNI kA aparimita vistAra huA hai| pradAna kI hai| yaha tIsa ghar3iyoM kA samaveta kAla hai jo trimUrti kI kalpanA meM viSNu kA svarUpa nikharA / ye asamAnatA pUrvaka usake mukha, kaNTha, hRdaya, nAbhi, kaTi vizvAtmA ke vizvarUpa ke sAttvika tattva haiM, jinakA mukhya tathA pU~cha ( kramazaH 5, 1, 11, 4, 6, 3 ghar3iyoM) meM kArya saMyojana, dhAraNa, kendrIkaraNa tathA saMrakSaNa hai| vizva vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai| smRtikaustubha (565-566) meM meM jo pravRttipA kendra kI ora jAtI haiM, aikya kI zakti ise sUrya kI putrI tathA zani kI bahina batalAyA gayA hai / utpanna karatI haiM, astitva tathA vAstavikatA ko dRDha tIna paga vAlI viSTi kA mukha gadhe kA hai / viSTi sAdhA- karatI haiM, prakAza aura satya kA nirdeza karatI haiM, ve viSNu raNataH dhvaMsAtmaka svabhAva vAlI hai ataeva kisI zubha kArya se udbhUta hotI haiN| viSNu zabda kI vyutpatti 'viSlU' ke Arambha ke samaya ise tyAganA caahie| kintu zatruoM dhAtu se huI hai, jisakA artha hai sarvatra phailanA athavA ko naSTa karane athavA unheM viSa ityAdi dene ke samaya vyApaka honA / mahAbhArata (5. 70; 13. 214) ke anuyaha bar3I anukUla par3atI hai (bR0 saMhitA 99.4) / jisa sAra viSNu sarvatra vyApta haiM, ve samasta ke svAmI haiM, ve dina viSTi ho usa dina upavAsa karanA caahie| yadi vidhvaMsaka zaktiyoM kA damana karate haiN| ve isalie viSNu viSTi rAtri meM par3e to do dinoM taka ekabhakta paddhati se haiM ki ve sabhI zaktiyoM para prabhutva prApta karate haiM /

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592 viSNu ke aneka nAma hai viSNusahasranAma meM unake eka sahasra nAmoM kI sUcI prastuta kI gayI hai / i Upara zaGkarAcArya kA bhASya hai, jisameM nAmoM kA artha aura rahasya batalAyA gayA hai / viSNu kA prasiddha nAma 'hari' hai isakA artha hai (pApa aura duHkha dUra karane vaalaa| brahmayogI ne kalisantaraNa upaniSad (2.1.215 ) ke apane bhASya meM isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI hai : 'jo ajJAna (aviyA) aura isake duSpariNAma kA apaharaNa karatA hai vaha hari hai / ' viSNu kA dUsarA nAma zeSazAyI athavA anantazAyI hai / jaba viSNu zayana karate haiM to sampUrNa vizva apanI avyakta avasthA meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| vyakta sRSTi ke avazeSa kA hI pratIka 'zeSa' hai jo kuNDalI mArakara ananta jalarAzi para tairatA rahatA hai / zeSazAyI viSNu nArAyaNa kahalAte haiM, jisakA artha hai 'nAra (jala) meM AvAsa karane vAlA' / nArAyaNa kA dUsarA artha bhI ho sakatA hai; jisameM samasta naroM (manuSyoM) kA ayana (AvAsa) hai / ' viSNu kI mUrtiyoM meM viSNusambandhI siddhAntoM aura kalpanAoM kA hI pratIka pAyA jAtA hai / viSNumUrtiyA~ pratIkoM ke samUha haiM aura sAdhaka unake kisI bhI rUpa kA dhyAna kara sakatA hai / gopAla uttaratApanIya upaniSad ( 46. 48, 216 ) meM viSNumUrti ke mukhya aGgoM kA varNana rahasyamaya rUpa meM vistAra se prApta hotA hai / viSNu kI caubIsa prakAra kI mUrtiyAM pAyI jAtI haiM / inakA varNana padmapurANa ke pAtAlakhaNDa meM pAyA jAtA hai / ina mUrtiyoM meM viSNu ke vividha guNoM kA pratIkatva hai / rUpamaNDana nAmaka grantha meM bhI viSNu kI cauvIsa mUrtiyoM kA varNana hai, kintu padmapurANa se kucha bhinna vibhinna / yugoM meM inhIM mUrtiyoM (rUpoM) meM viSNu kA yugAnusArI avatAra hotA hai| padmapurANa aura rUpamaNDana ke anusAra ina mUrtiyoM kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra hai : 1. kezava ( lambe keza vAle) 2. nArAyaNa ( zeSazAyI, sArvabhauma nivAsa ) 3 mAghava ( mAyApati, jJAnapati) 4. govinda (pRthvI ke rakSaka ) 5. viSNu ( sarvavyApaka) 6. janArdana (bhakta puraskartA) 7. upendra (indra ke bhrAtA) viSNukAJcI- viSNutrimUrtivrata 8. hari (duHkha, dAridrya, pApa Adi kA haraNa karane vAle) 9. vAsudeva ( vizvAntaryAmI ) 10. kRSNa ( AkRSTa karane vAle, zyAma ) ityAdi / ina mUrtiyoM ke atirikta rAma, parazurAma Adi kI mUrtiyA~ bhI pracalita haiM, jinakA ublekha uparyukta ullekhoM meM nahIM hai / unake cAra AyuoM aura pramukha AbhUSaNoM ke atirikta pItAmbara aura yajJopavIta bhI pramukha upakaraNa haiN| sAtha hI cAmara, dhvaja aura chatra kA bhI aGkana pratimAoM meM hotA hai| viSNu ke ratha aura vAhana donoM kA ullekha milatA hai / unakA vAhana garuDa hai jo vaidika mantroM kI zakti, gati aura prakAza kA pratIka hai, vaha apane pakSoM para viSNu ko bahana karatA hai| viSNu ke pArSadoM meM mukhya viSvaksena ( vizvavijetA ) tathA aSTa vibhUtiyA~ (yoga se upalabdha hone vAlI siddhiyA~) haiM / viSNukAcI - tamila pradeza kA yaha prasiddha vaiSNava tIrtha hai / zivakAzI se alaga karane ke lie ise viSNukAcI kahA jAtA hai / kAverI nadI donoM ko bIca se vibhAjita karatI hai| zivakAJcI se do mIla dUra viSNukAJcI hai| yahA~ 18 viSNumandira hai| mukhya mandira devarAja svAmI kA haiM jinako prAyaH varadarAja kahA jAtA hai| vaizAkha pUrNimA ko isa mandira kA brahmotsava hotA hai / yaha dakSiNa bhArata kA sabase bar3A utsava hai| eka mandira meM rAmAnujAcArya kI pratimA virAjamAna hai| yahIM mahAprabhu vallabhAcArya kI baiThaka bhI / sapta mokSapuriyoM meM kApI kI bhI gaNanA hai / viSNutrimUrtivata viSNu bhagavAn ke tIna rUpa hai| dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki unakA abhivyaktIkaraNa tIna rUpoM meM hotA hai / ve haiM vAyu candra tathA sUrya / tInoM rUpa tInoM lokoM kI rakSA karate haiN| ye hI manuSya ke zarIra meM vAta, pitta tathA kapha ke rUpa meM vidyamAna haiN| isalie bhagavAn viSNu ke ye hI tIna sparza karane yogya rUpa haiM / jyeSTha zukla tRtIyA ko upavAsa rakhate hue inakA pUjana karanA caahie| prAtaHkAla bhora meM vAyu kA pUjana tathA madhyAnha kAla meM yava-tiloM se havana karanA caahie| sUryAsta ke samaya candramA kA jala meM pUjana karanA caahie| eka varSa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna honA cAhie (pratyeka zukla pakSa kI tRtIyA ko isa vrata

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viSNudevakIvrata-viSNuprAptivrata se ArAdhaka svarga prApta kara letA hai| yadi vaha lagAtAra karanA caahie| zravaNa athavA uttarASAr3ha nakSatra kAla meM tIna varSoM taka isa vrata kA AcaraNa kare to vaha 5000 bhagavAn govinda tathA bhagavAn viSNu ke tIna pagoM kI varSoM taka svarga meM vAsa karatA hai / ArAdhanA karanI cAhie, kintu dAna aura bhojana meM viSNudevakIvrata-kArtika mAsa kI pratipadA se Arambha antara ho jAyagA / bhAdra mAsa meM pUrvASAr3ha nakSatra ke kara eka varSa taka yaha vrata karanA caahie| paMcagavya se samaya, phAlguna mAsa meM pUrvAphAlgunI tathA caitra meM uttarAbhagavAn vAsudeva ko snAna karAkara usI ko usa avasara phAlgunI nakSatroM ke samaya usI prakAra kI pUjA kI jAya / para prasAda rUpa meM grahaNa karanA cAhie / bANa ke phUloM, ina AcaraNoM se vratI svAsthya, samRddhi kA lAbha karake candana ke pralepa tathA atyanta svAdiSTha naivedya se pUjA anta meM viSNuloka prApta kara letA hai| karanI caahie| eka mAsa taka kisI bhI prANI ko (yahA~ viSNupurANa-jaisA isake nAma se hI prakaTa hai, yaha vaiSNava taka ki pazu ko bhI) kisI prakAra kI kSati na pahu~cAyI purANa hai / pramukha purANoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / zrImadbhAgavata jAya / isa avasara para asatya bhASaNa, caurya, mAMsa tathA ke pazcAt lokapriyatA meM isakA dUsarA sthAna hai| vaiSNava madhu-bhakSaNa ekadama niSiddha haiN| kevala bhagavAn ke dhyAna darzana ke maulika siddhAntoM kA isameM pratipAdana huA hai| meM magna rahanA caahie| zAstroM, yajJoM tathA devoM kI nindA AcArya rAmAnuja ne brahmasUtra ke Upara racita zrIbhASya meM kA parityAga karanA caahie| prati dina mauna rahakara viSNupurANa se aneka uddharaNa diye haiN| isase isakA naivedya grahaNa karanA caahie| mArgazIrSa, pauSa, mAgha tathA dArzanika mahattva prakaTa hotA hai / yaha chaH khaNDoM meM vibhakta anya mAsoM meM bhI yahI vidhAna rahegA, kevala puSpa, dhUpa hai jinako aMza kahate haiN| isameM adhyAyoM kI saMkhyA 126 tathA naivedya hI parivartita hote rheNge| devakI eka sundara hai / AkAra meM yaha zrImadbhAgavata purANa kA eka tihAI hai| putra cAhatI thiiN| ataeva viSNu kI pUjA karane ke lie prathama aMza meM sRSTivarNana, dvitIya aMza meM bhUgolavarNana, isa vrata kA anuSThAna unhoMne kiyA thA / tRtIya aMza meM Azrama aura vaidika zAkhAvarNana, caturtha meM viSNupaJcaka-kArtika mAsa ke antima pA~ca dina viSNu- itihAsa, paJcama meM kRSNa caritra aura SaSTha aMza meM pralaya paJcaka kahalAte haiN| una dinoM viSNu tathA rAdhA kii| aura bhakti kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| isa purANa meM jJAna paJcopacAroM (gandhAkSata, puSpa, dhUpa, dIpa, naivedya) se pUjA aura bhakti kA sundara samanvaya milatA hai / viSNu aura karanI caahie| isase samasta pApoM kA nAza hotA hai ziva ke abheda kA pratipAdana bhagavAn kRSNa ke mukha se aura vratI sIdhA viSNuloka jAtA hai| pUjA ko kucha karAyA gayA hai-- vibhinna paddhatiyoM kA yahA~ varNana kiyA jA rahA hai, yathA yo'haM sa tvaM jagaccedaM sadevAsuramAnuSam / ekAdazI ko pUjana, dvAdazI ko gomUtrapAna, trayodazI ko matto nAnyadazeSo yat tat tvaM jJAtumihArhasi // dugdhAhAra, caturdazI ko dahI kA AhAra tathA pUrNimA ko avidyAmohitAtmAnaH puruSA bhinnadarzinaH / kezava kI ArAdhanA karake sAyaMkAla paJcagavya prAzana vadanti bhedaM pazyanti cAvayorantaraM hara // karanA cAhie athavA tulasIdaloM se hari kA pUjana karanA (viSNupurANa, 5,33,48-49) cAhie / de0 padmapurANa, 3.23,1-33 / viSNuprabodha-kArtika mAsa ke zukla pakSa kI ekAdazI viSNupada athavA viSNupadI-yaha cAra rAziyoM kA nAma ko bhagavAn zayyA tyAga kara jAga jAte haiN| isa kAraNa hai| yathA vRSabha, siMha, vRzcika tathA kumbha / de0 kAlanirNaya, isa dina ko viSNuprabodhinI ekAdazI kahA jAtA hai| 332 / saMdhyA ko susajjita maNDapa meM patra-puSpa-phaloM kI prathama viSNupadavata-ASAr3ha mAsa ma pUrvASAr3ha nakSatra ka samaya vrata upaja se pUjana karate hue viSNu ko jagAyA jAtA hai| Arambha karanA caahie| isa avasara para dugdha athavA ghRta dIpamAlA jalAyI jAtI hai| isakA nAma 'devadIpAvalI' meM rakhe hue bhagavAn viSNu ke tIna pagoM kI pUjA karanI bhI hai| caahie| vratI ko kevala rAtri ke samaya haviSyAnna grahaNa viSNuprAptivrata-isa vrata meM dvAdazI ke dina upavAsa kA 75

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594 viSNulakSavativrata-vRkSotsavavidhi vidhAna hai| isa dina 'namo nArAyaNAya' kA uccAraNa prArambha ho cukatI hai aura sUrya meghAcchanna rahatA hai| karake sUrya ko arghya denA cAhie / zveta puSpoM se viSNu viSNu sUrya kA hI eka rUpa hai / sUrya ke meghAcchanna hone kI pUjA karate hue nimna maMtra kA uccAraNa kiyA jAya, ke kAraNa yaha vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki viSNu zayana 'devAdhideva' dharA ke AdhAra, he AzutoSa ! ina puSpoM ko karane cale gaye haiN| yaha sthiti prAyaH kArtika zukla svIkAra kara kRpA kara mere Upara prasanna hoie|' vratI ekAdazI taka rahatI hai jaba ki nirmaMgha svaccha AkAza meM ko jvAra, bAjarA (zyAmAka) kA bhojana athavA usa dhAnya prabodha ekAdazI ke dina devotthAna (viSNa ke jAgaraNa) kA kA AhAra karanA cAhie jo 60 dinoM meM pakakara taiyAra utsava tathA vrata manAyA jAtA hai / de0 'prabodhaekAdazI' / hotA hai tathA jo masAloM ke sAtha bo diyA gayA hai viSNazraMkhalAyoga-yadi dvAdazI ekAdazI se saMyukta ho (mirca, dhaniyA~, jIrA Adi ) yA dhAna athavA jau athavA tathA usa dina zravaNa nakSatra ho to vaha viSNuzRMkhalA nIvAra (jaMgalI dhAna) kA AhAra karanA caahie| tada kahalAtA hai / isa vrata ke AcaraNa se manuSya sAre pApoM nantara vrata kI pAraNA karanI cAhie / isase vratI viSNu se mukta hokara sAyujya mukti prApta kara letA hai| loka prApta kara letA hai| vIravata-navamI ke dina vratI ko ekabhakta paddhati se viSNulakSavartivata-kisI pavitra tithi tathA lagna ke AhAra karake kanyAoM ko bhojana karAkara suvarNa kA samaya ruI kI dhUla tathA tinake Adi sApha karake cAra kalaza, do vastra tathA suvarNa dAna karanA caahie| eka aMgula lambA dhAgA kAtA jaay| isa prakAra pA~ca dhAgoM varSaparyanta isa vrata kA anuSThAna honA caahie| prati ko kAtakara eka battI banAyI jAya / isa prakAra kI eka navamI ko kanyAoM ko bhojana karAyA jAnA caahie| lAkha battiyA~ ghI meM bhigokara kisI cA~dI yA kA~se ke isa vrata se vratI pratyeka jIvana meM atyanta rUpavAn hotA pAtra meM rakhakara bhagavAn viSNu kI pratimA ke pAsa le hai aura use kisI zatru se bhaya Adi nahIM rhtaa| anta jAnI caahie| inako le jAne kA sabase ucita samaya meM vaha zivajI kI rAjadhAnI prApta kara letA hai / aisA kArtika, mAgha yA vaizAkha mAsa hai, vaizAkha sarvottama hai / prati lagatA hai ki isa vrata ke devatA yA to ziva haiM yA umA dina eka sahasra athavA do sahasra battiyA~ viSNu ke sammukha athavA donoM hI hai| prajvalita kI jAya / uparyukta mAsoM meM se kisI bhI mAsa vIrAsana-samasta kRcchavratoM meM vAMchanIya Asana vIrAsana kI pUrNimA ko vrata samApta kara denA caahie| tadanantara kahA jAtA hai / hemAdri, 1.322 (garuDapurANa ko uddhRta udyApana kiyA jAnA caahie| Ajakala dakSiNa bhArata karate hue) tathA 2.932 / aghamarSaNa vrata meM bhI isakA meM mahilAoM dvArA isa vrata kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| ullekha milatA hai| aghamarSaNa kA ullekha zaMkhasmati, viSNuzaGkaravata-isa vrata meM usI vidhi kA anusaraNa 18.2 meM AyA hai / isase samasta pApoM kA nAza hotA hai| karanA cAhie jo umAmahezvaravrata ke viSaya meM pIche vRkSotsavavidhi-bhArata meM vRkSAropaNa ko atyanta mahattva kahI gayI hai| bhAdrapada athavA Azvina mAsa meM mRgazirA, diyA jAtA hai matsyapurANa / (59, zloka 1-20) / ThIka ArdrA, pUrvAphAlgunI, anurAdhA athavA jyeSThA nakSatra ke __vaise hI padmapurANa (5.24,192-211) meM vRkSotsava ke avasara para isa vrata kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| yahA~ vidhAna ke viSaya meM paryApta sAmagrI prApta hotI hai| saMkSepa meM antara kevala itanA hai ki viSNu ko pItAmbara dhAraNa karAye usakI vidhi yaha hai ki sauMSadhiyoM se yukta jala se vRkSoM ke jA~yage tathA dakSiNA meM bhI viSNu ko suvarNa tathA zaMkara ko udyAnoM ko tIna dina sIMcA jAya / sugandhita cUrNa se tathA motI bheMTa kiye jAyage / vastroM se vRkSoM kA zRMgAra karanA cAhie / suvarNa kI banI viSNuzayanotsava-ASAr3ha zukla ekAdazI ko bhagavAn viSNu huI (kAna chedane vAlI) suI se vRkSoM ko chedakara unameM kA zayanotsava manAyA jAtA hai / yaha utsava malamAsa sunaharI peMsila se sindUra bhara denA cAhie / vRkSoM se bane athavA puruSottama mAsa meM kadApi nahIM manAyA jAnA macAnoM para sAta yA ATha sone ke phala lagAye jA~ya tathA caahie| de0 nirNayasindhu, 102 / isa samaya taka varSA vRkSoM ke nIce kucha aise kalaza bhI sthApita kiye jA~ya

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vRntAkatyAgavidhi-vRndAvanadvAdazI 595 jinameM suvarNakhaNDa par3e hoN| indra tathA lokapAloM ke para brAhmaNa kA kartavya svastivAcana karanA hai| jo lie vanaspatiyoM ke nimitta havana karanA caahie| vyakti jIvanaparyanta baiMgana nahIM khAtA vaha sIdhA viSNu atithi, brAhmaNoM ko dUdha se paripUrNa bhojana karAyA loka jAtA hai| jo vyakti eka varSa yA eka mAsa ke jaay| isa avasara para jau, kAle tila tathA sarasoM se lie isakA tyAga karatA hai use yama kI rAjadhAnI meM havana karanA caahie| havana meM palAza kI samidhAe~ upasthita nahIM honA pdd'taa| yaha prakIrNaka vrata hai / prayukta kI jaayeN| cauthe dina vratotsava Ayojita ho| vRndAvana-mathurA se sAta mIla uttara yamunAtaTa para vRkSaisase vratI apanI samasta manaHkAmanAoM kI pUrti hote / latA-kuJja-kuTIroM se zobhAyamAna vikhyAta vaiSNava tIrtha / hue dekhatA hai / vRndAvana kA mahattva isalie hai ki bhagavAn kRSNa ne yahIM matsyapurANa (154.512) ke anusAra eka putra dasa para gocAraNa kI anekoM bAlalIlAe~ tathA gopiyoM ke gahare jalAzayoM ke samAna hai tathA eka vRkSa kA AropaNa sAtha mahArAsa kI lIlA kI thii| pUrva janma meM jAladasa putroM ke barAbara hai| varAhapurANa (172.36-37) meM ndhara kI patnI vRndA thii| bhagavatkRpA se vaha viSNukahA gayA hai ki jaise eka acchA putra parivAra kI rakSA priyA bana gyii| usako viSNu kA varadAna milaa| karatA hai, usI prakAra eka vRkSa', jisa para phala-phUla lade asaMkhya gopiyoM ke rUpa meM vaha vraja meM avatarita huii| hoM, apane svAmI ko naraka meM girane se bacAtA hai| pA~ca usake nAma se hI vihArasthala kA nAma vRndAvana pdd'aa| Ama ke paudhe lagAne vAlA kabhI naraka jAtA hI nahIM : yaha saMtoM aura bhaktoM kI siddha bhajanasthalI bhI rahI hai| 'paJcAnavApI narakaM na yAti / ' viSNudharma0 (3.297- eka se eka bar3hakara gopAla kRSNa ke hajAroM mandira yahA~ 13) ke anusAra 'eka vyakti dvArA pAlita poSita vRkSa eka bhaktoM kI bhAvanA ke smAraka bane hue haiM / sAdhuoM ke akhAr3e, putra ke samAna yA usase bhI kahIM adhika mahattva rakhatA Azrama, kuTI, kuMja, bhajanAzrama, rAsamaNDala, brajaraja aura hai / devagaNa isake puSpoM se, yAtrI isakI chAyA meM baiThakara, ghAToM se isa sthAna kI zobhA nirAlI ho gayI hai| manuSya isake phala-phUla khAkara isake prati kRtajJatA prakaTa AdhyAtmika artha meM brahma aura jIva ke tAdAtmya kI karate haiM / ataH vRkSAropaNa karane vAle vyakti ko kabhI yaha rAsasthalI (anubhavabhUmi) hai| bAlakRSNa kI lIlAnaraka meM jAne kI AvazyakatA nahIM pdd'tii| bhUmi vRndAvana kRSNabhaktoM tathA sabhI vaiSNavoM ke lie vRntAkatyAgavidhi-vRntAka (baigana yA bhaMTA ) phala ke ati AkarSaNapUrNa puNya sthala hai| musalamAnI AkramaNabhakSaNa kA pUre jIvana ke lie athavA eka varSa yA chaH mAsa kAriyoM ne isake pUrva gauravazAlI rUpa ko vikRta kara yA tIna mAsa ke lie tyAga karanA isa vrata meM vihita diyA thaa| kintu phira aneka sampradAyoM tathA unake sNrhai| isameM eka rAtri ko bharaNI athavA maghA nakSatra ke kSakoM ke dvArA isake puNyasthaloM kA uddhAra huA hai| samaya upavAsa karanA cAhie / yamarAja, kAla, citragupta, prasiddha caitanyAnuyAyI rUpa tathA sanAtana gosvAmI Adi mRtyu evaM prajApati ko eka vedI para sthApita kara unakI vaiSNavoM ne to vRndAvana ko hI apanA kAryasthala banAyA / prArthanA karate hue gandha, akSatAdi se pUjana karanA ina logoM ne isake mAhAtmya ko aura bhI bddh'aayaa| anekoM cAhie / tila tathA ghI se 'nIlAya svAhA, yamAya svAhA' kRSNabhakta kavi, gAyaka, santa Adi ke nAmoM se yaha kahakara homa karanA cAhie aura isI prakAra svAhA zabda sthAna saMbaMdhita hai / akabara ke zAsana kAla meM aneka rAjanIlakaNTha, yamarAja, citragupta , vaivasvata ke sAtha jor3akara pUta rAjAoM tathA anya bhaktoM ke dAna se yahA~ anekoM bhavya havana karanA caahie| isa taraha 108 AhutiyA~ dI mandira bane / isa nirmANa meM uparyukta caitanya sampradAya ke jA~ya / tadanantara sone ke bane hue vRntAka, zyAmA gau, gosvAmI logoM kA bar3A hAtha thaa| sA~Da, aMgUThiyA~, kAna ke AbhUSaNa, chAtA, pAdukA, eka vRndAvanadvAdazI-kArtika zukla dvAdazI ko vRndAvanadvAdazI jor3I kapar3e tathA eka kAle kambala kA dAna karanA kahate haiN| isa vrata ke anuSThAna kA pracAra kevala cAhie / brAhmaNoM ko bhojana denA cAhie / isa avasara tamilanADu meM hai|

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596 vRSotsarga - 'vRSa athavA sA~r3a kA utsarga (tyAga) dAna' / caitra yA kArtika pUrNimA ko athavA revatI nakSatra meM sA~r3a ko chor3anA vRSotsargavrata kahalAtA hai| tIna varSa meM eka cAra aisA karanA caahie| sA~r3a bhI tIna varSa kI avasthA kA honA caahie| tIna varSa kI avasthA vAlI cAra yA ATha gaue~ sA~r3a ke sAtha chor3a dI jAnI cAhie | sAmAnya rUpa se kisI puruSa kI mRtyu ke gyArahaveM dina sA~r3a chor3ane kA pracalana hai / giri - sudUra dakSiNa ke Andhra deza kA eka tIrthasthala / vaha kAlahastI se 15 mIla dUra sthita hai| yahA~ kAzIpeTha meM kAzIvizvezvara ziva kA mandira hai| yaha mUrti kAzI se lAkara sthApita kI gayI hai| annapUrNA, kAlabhairava, siddhavinAyaka Adi kI mUrtiyA~ bhI yahA~ darzanIya haiM / veGkaTezvara (tirupati) - Andhra dezastha veGkaTAdri para virAjamAna bhagavAn veGkaTezvara ke mandira meM ziva aura viSNu kI ekatA Aja bhI pratyakSa hai / yaha mandira tirupati pahAr3I para sthita hai| yaha dakSiNa bhArata kA sarvAdhika lokapUjita aura vaibhavazAlI tIrtha hai / pahale isameM vaikhAnasasaMhitA ke AdhAra para pUjA hotI thI, jabaki tamila deza ke adhikAMza mandiroM meM pAJcarAtra saMhitAoM ke AdhAra para pUjA hotI thii| kAJjIvaram zrIperumbura ke mandiroM meM bhI baiMkaTezvara mandira ke samAna vaikhAnasasaMhitA kA anusaraNa hotA thA / bAda meM rAmAnuja svAmI ne veMkaTezvara meM praca lita vaikhAnasa vidhi ko haTAkara pAzcarAtra vidhi pracalita karAyI thii| veda taittirIya saMhitA, Apastamba dharmasUtra, manusmRti nATyazAstra, amarakoza Adi meM 'veda' zabda kI vyutpatti batalAyI gayI hai / yaha zabda cAra dhAtuoM se vyutpanna hotA hai(1) vid (jJAne) (2) vid (sattAyAm ) (3) vid (lAbha) aura (4) vid (vicAraNe) / 'RgvedAdibhASyabhUmikA' meM svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI ne 'veda' zabda kA nirvacana nimnAMkita prakAra se kiyA hai "vidanti jAnanti, vidyante bhavanti, vindante labhante, vindanti vicArayanti sarve manuSyAH satyavidyAm yairveSu vA tathA vidvAMsazca bhavanti, te vedAH / " [ jinase sabhI manuSya satya vidyA ko jAnate haiM, athavA prApta karate haiM, athavA vicArate haiM, athavA vidvAn hote haiM athavA satya vidyA kI prApti ke lie jinameM pravRtta hote vRSotsarga-baMda haiM, unako veda kahate haiM / ] parantu yahA~ para jisa jJAna kA saMketa kiyA gayA hai vaha sAmAnya jJAna nahIM hai, yadyapi vaidika sAhitya meM sAmAnya jJAna kA abhAva nhiiN| yahA~ jJAna kA abhiprAya mukhyataH IzvarIya jJAna hai, jisakA sAkSAtkAra mAnavajIvana ke prArambha meM RSiyoM ko huA thaa| manu (1.7) ne to vedoM ko sarvajJAnamaya hI kahA hai / 'veda' zabda kA prayoga pUrva kAla meM sampUrNa vaidika bAi maya ke artha meM hotA thA, jisameM saMhitA, brAhmaNa, Arayaka aura upaniSad sabhI sammilita the| kathita hai - "mantrabrAhmaNayorvedanAmadheyam", arthAt mantra aura brAhmaNoM kA nAma veda hai | yahA~ brAhmaNa meM AraNyaka aura upaniSad kA bhI samAveza hai / kintu Age calakara 'veda' zabda kevala cAra vedasaMhitAoM; Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda kA hI dyotaka raha gayA / brAhmaNa, AraNyaka aura upaniSad vaidika vAGmaya ke aja hote hue bhI mUla vedoM se pRthak mAna liye gaye / sAyaNAcArya ne taittirIya saMhitA kI bhUmikA meM isa tathya kA spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai : " yadyapi mantrabrAhmaNAtmako vedaH tathApi brAhmaNasya mantravyAkhyAnasvarUpatvAd mantrA evAdI samAmnAtAH / " arthAt yadyapi mantra aura brAhmaNa donoM kA nAma veda hai, kintu brAhmaNa granthoM ke mantra ke vyAkhyAna rUpa hone ke kAraNa ( unakA sthAna vedoM ke pazcAt AtA hai aura ) Adi vedamantra hI haiN| isa vaidika jJAna kA sAkSAtkAra, jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, RSiyoM ko huA thaa| jina vyaktiyoM ne apane yoga aura tapobala se isa jJAna ko prApta kiyA ve RSi kahalAye, inameM puruSa striyA~ donoM the| vaidika jJAna jina RcAoM athavA vAkyoM dvArA huA unako mantra kahate haiN| mantra tIna prakAra ke haiM- (1) jJAnArthaka (2) vicArArthaka aura (3) satkArArthaka / inakI vyutpatti isa prakAra se batalAyI gayI hai : divAdigaNa kI man dhAtu (jJAnArtha pratipAdaka ) meM STran pratyaya lagAne se 'mantra' zabda vyutpanna hotA hai, jisakA artha hai'manyate (jJAyate ) IzvarAdezaH anena iti mantraH' / isase Izvara ke Adeza kA jJAna hotA hai, isalie isako mantra kahate haiN| tanAdigaNa kI man dhAtu (vicArAryaka) meM Tran pratyaya lagAne se bhI mantra zabda banatA hai, jisakA artha - manyate ( vicAryate ) IzvarAdezo yena sa mantraH', arthAt /

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veda 597 ullekha kiyA hai : "tatrAdau brahmaparamparayA prAptaM vedaM vedavyAso mandamatIna manuSyAna vicintya tatkRpayA caturdhA vyasya RgyajuHsAmAthAkhyAMzcaturo vedAn paila-vaizampAyana-jaiminisumantubhyaH kramAdupadideza / " / pratyeka veda se jo vAGmaya vikasita huA usake cAra bhAga haiM-(1) saMhitA (2) brAhmaNa (3) AraNyaka aura (4) upaniSada / saMhitA meM vaidika stutiyA~ saMgahIta haiM / brAhmaNa meM mantroM kI vyAkhyA aura unake samarthana meM pravacana diye hae hai| AraNyaka meM vAnaprasthiyoM ke upayoga ke lie araNyagAna aura vidhi-vidhAna haiN| upaniSadoM meM dArzanika vyAkhyAe~ prastuta kI gayI haiM / vaidika adhyayana aura cintana ke phalasvarUpa unakI kaI zAkhAe~ vikasita huI, jinake nAma para saMhitAoM ke nAma pdd'e| inameM se kAlakrama se aneka saMhitAe~ naSTa ho gayIM, parantu kucha aba bhI upalabdha haiM / Rgveda kI pA~ca zAkhAe~ thIM-(1) zAkala (2) vASkala (3) AzvalAyana (4) zAMkhAyana aura (5) mANDUkya / inameM aba zAkala zAkhA hI upalabdha hai / zukla yajurveda kI mAdhyandina aura kANva do zAkhAe~ haiN| mAdhyandina uttara bhArata tathA kANva mahArASTra meM pracalita hai / kRSNa yajurveda kI isa samaya cAra zAkhAe~ upalabdha haiM : (1) taittirIya (2) maitrAyaNI (3) kAThaka aura (4) kaTha / sAmaveda ko do zAkhAe~ upalabdha haiM(1) kauthamI aura (2) rANAyanIya / atharvaveda kI upalabdha zAkhAoM ke nAma paippalAda tathA zaunaka haiN| (cAroM vedoM kI jAnakArI ke lie unake nAma ke sAtha yathAsthAna dekhie / ) 2) vAkapada kI pAtra jisake dvArA Izvara ke AdezoM kA vicAra ho vaha mantra hai / isa prakAra tanAdigaNa kI hI man dhAtu (satkArArthaka) meM STran pratyaya lagAne se bhI mantra zabda banatA hai, jisakA artha 'manyate (satakriyate) devatAvizeSaH anena iti mantraH' hai, arthAt jisake dvArA devatA vizeSa kA satkAra ho vaha mantra hai| vedArtha jAnane ke lie tInoM vyutpattiyA~ samIcIna jAna par3atI hai| parantu sabako milAkara yahI artha nikalatA hai ki veda vaha hai jisameM IzvarIya jJAna kA pratipAdana ho| vedoM kA vargIkaraNa do prakAra se kiyA gayA haitrividha aura cturvidh| pahale meM sampUrNa vedamantroM ko tIna vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-(1) Rk (2) yajuSa aura (3) sAma / inhIM tonoM kA saMyukta nAma trayI hai| Rk kA artha hai prArthanA athavA stuti / yajuSa kA artha hai yajJa-yAgAdi kA vidhAna / sAma kA artha hai zAnti athavA maMgala sthApita karane vAlA gAna / isI AdhAra para prathama tIna sahitAoM ke nAma Rgveda, yajurveda tathA sAmaveda pdd'e| vedoM kA bahapracalita aura prasiddha vibhAjana caturvidha hai| pahale vaidika mantra mile-jule aura avibhakta the / yajJArtha unakA vargIkaraNa kara cAra bhAgoM meM bA~Ta diyA gayA, jo cAra vedoM ke nAma se prasiddha hueRgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda aura atharvaveda / Rk, yajuS tathA sAma ko alaga-alaga karake prathama tIna veda banA diye gye| kintu gaidika vacanoM meM inake atirikta bhI bahuta sAmagrI thI, jisakA sambandha dharma, darzana ke atirikta laukika kRtyoM aura abhicAroM (jAdU-TonA Adi) se thaa| ina sabakA samAveza atharvaveda meM kara diyA gyaa| isa caturvidha vibhAjana kA ullekha vaidika sAhitya meM hI mila jAtA hai : yasmAdaco ayAtakSan yajuryasmAdapakaSan / sAmAni yasya lomAni atharvAGgiraso mukham / skambhaM taM brUhi katamaH svideva saH / (atharva0 10.4.20) parantu cAroM vedoM kA samyak vibhAjana aura sampAdana vedavyAsa ne kiyaa| yAska ne nirukta (1.20) aura bhAskara bhaTTa ne yajurnedabhASya kI bhUmikA meM isakA ullekha kiyA hai / bhASyakAra mahIdhara ne aura vistAra se isakA "yana aura ( veda kA caturvidha vibhAjana prAyaH yajJa ko dhyAna meM rakhakara kiyA gayA thaa| yajJa ke lie cAra RtvijoM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai-(1) hotA (2) adhvaryu (3) udgAtA aura (4) brahmA / hotA kA artha hai AhvAna karane vAlA (bulaanevaalaa)| hotA yajJa ke avasara para viziSTa devatA ke prazaMsAtmaka mantroM kA uccAraNa kara usa devatA kA AhvAna karatA hai / aise mantroM kA saMgraha jisa saMhitA meM hai usakA nAma Rgveda hai| adhvaryu kA kAma yajJa kA sampAdana hai| usake lie Avazyaka mantroM kA saMkalana jisa saMhitA meM hai usakA nAma yajurveda hai| udgAtA kA artha hai ucca svara se gAne vAlA, usake upayoga ke lie mantroM kA

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598 saMgraha jisa saMhitA meM hai usakA nAma sAmaveda hai / brahmA kA kAma adhyakSapada se sampUrNa yajJa kA nirIkSaNa karanA hai / vaha cAroM vedoM kA jJAtA hotA hai / atharvaveda meM anya tInoM vedoM kI sAmagrI se atirikta kucha aura bhI hai / ataH brahmA kA viziSTa veda atharvada hai / veda ke prakAroM ke bAre meM zatapatha brA0 meM likhA hai ki agni se Rgveda, vAyu se yajurveda aura sUrya se sAmaveda prApta hue haiN| manusaMhitA ke anusAra to Rk, yajuH aura sAmamantroM ko hI trivRdveda kahate haiM / muNDakopaniSad meM Rk Adi cAra vedoM ko aparA vidyA kahA gayA hai| Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda, atharvaveda, itihAsa aura purANAdi aparA vidyA haiM / vedoM kI nityatA pramANita karate hue kahA jAtA hai ki jJAnarUpa veda pralaya ke samaya bhI oMkAra rUpa meM vartamAna rahate haiM / aise anAdi, anazvara aura nitya brahmavAkya ko sRSTi kI prathama avasthA meM racita AdividyA kahA jAtA hai jo sakala prapaMcavistAraka hai / manuSya dvArA na race jAne aura IzvarakRta hone ke kAraNa hI vedoM ko apauruSeya kahate haiN| brahmasvarUpa aura nitya jJAna kA vistAra vedoM dvArA hI hotA hai| RSi loga veda ke draSTA mAtra haiM / veda nitya haiM isalie samAdhistha RSiyoM ke antaHkaraNa meM hI unakA prakAza hotA hai / RSiyoM ko vedoM kA jJAna pralayakAloparAnta brahmAjI se tapasyA dvArA prApta huA thA / veda kI nityatA isalie svIkAra kI jAtI hai ki veda jJAnarUpa haiN| ve jJAnarUpa Izvara ke hRdaya meM pralayadazA meM sthita rahate haiN| yaha niSkriya dazA paramAtmA kI zvAsahIna yoganidrA hai| Izvara kI jAgrat avasthA sRSTi hai aura nidrAvasthA pralaya / pralayoparAnta jaba pralayavilIna prANiyoM kA saMskAra kriyonmukha hotA hai taba bhagavAn apanI yoganidrA chor3akara sRSTi kI icchA karate haiN| yaha zvAsayukta sRSTi kI avasthA unakI sisRkSA kahI jAtI hai / veda meM jo bhagavAn kI 'eko'haM bahu syAM prajAyeya' icchA vyakta kI gayI hai vaha ekatA se anekatA kI ora unmukha hokara prajAsRSTi kI hI icchA hai / manusaMhitA meM kahA gayA hai ki sisRkSA se paramAtmA dvArA jala kI sRSTi huI; yaha 'ap' sAdhAraNa jala nahIM ho sakatA / yaha vastutaH samaSTi saMskAra rUpa 'kAraNavAri hai| vaida paramAtmA sikSA se sarvaprathama ina saMskAroM ko uddha karate haiM, phira unameM kriyAzakti kA bIja Aropita karate hai| yaha kriyAzakti paripuSTa hokara dedIpyamAna sUrya kI taraha camakatI hai, jisase brahmAjI kI utpatti hotI hai| yaha sRSTi kI prAraMbhika avasthA hai| yaha manuSya ke maga aura vANI kI pahu~ca se bAhara hai / yaha mana aura vANI se pare brahmAjI kA sUkSma zarIra jyotirmaya kAraNavAri meM kriyAzAlinI samaSTi prANazakti ke rUpa meM sthita rahatA hai / muNDakopaniSad ke eka maMtra kI vyAkhyA karate hue svAmI zaMkarAcArya ne bar3A hI sundara tarka darzAyA hai ki bhUtayoni brahmatapasyA se udbhUta hai| isase mUla tatva (anna) vikasita hotA hai / phira yaha avyAkRta prakRti (anna) samaSTi prANarUpa hiraNyagarbha ko utpanna karatI hai / yaha hiraNyagarbha zrutiyoM ke anusAra brahmA kA sUkSma zarIra hI hai, jisameM sRSTikAriNI kriyAzakti virAjamAna hai| isase mana, satya aura loka kI sarvaprathama sRSTi huI brahmA ke isa sUkSma zarIra meM sarvaprathama paramAtmA ne jJAnarUpa vedarAzi kA saMcAra kiyaa| isIlie vedoM ko apauruSeya kahA jAtA hai| jisa prakAra brahmANDaprakRti meM vyApaka prANa brahmA kA sUkSma zarIra hai aura usI ke aMzabhUta jagat prANiyoM ke prANa haiM, usI taraha samaSTi antaHkaraNa hI brahmA kA svarUpa mAnA jAnA cAhie / isa samaSTi vyApaka antaHkaraNa se vyaSTi antaHkaraNa kI sthiti hai| isI lie vAjasaneyI brAhmaNopaniSad meM brahmA ko 'antaHkaraNa' aura 'mukti' kI saMjJA dI gayI haiM / isI taraha unheM 'mano mahAn matirbrahmA' kahA gayA hai| yahA~ mana zabda mUlataH karaNavAcaka hai, isalie brahmA ko mana, buddhi, citta tathA ahaMkAra ina cAra tattvoM se yukta caturmukha kahA gayA hai| yaha samaSTi antaHkaraNarUpI brahmA kA aMza RSirUpI vyaSTi meM vyApta rahatA hai / jaba RSi loga tapasyA aura yogasAdhanA ke dvArA samAdhistha ho jAte haiM usI avasthA meM unheM saba vedamaMtroM kA sAkSAtkAra hotA hai / bAta yaha hai ki sAmAnya rUpa se indriyasApekSa vyaSTi, vyApaka antaHkaraNa se vicchinna hone ke kAraNa alpajJa rahatA hai, para jitendriya yogI samaSTi antaHkaraNa ke sAtha milakara samAdhistha ho jAte haiN| ve sUkSma rUpa se bahmA ke sAtha ekAtmA hone ke

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veda 599 kAraNa veda kA darzana karate haiM / ataeva brahmA ke dvArA veda kI prApti yA RSiyoM ke samAdhistha antaHkaraNa meM veda kI upasthiti eka hI stara kI bAta hai| sAtha hI yaha bhI hai ki apauruSeya veda paramAtmA ke jisa bhAva se prakaTa hotA hai use RSi loga bhI samAdhistha hokara prApta karate hai| vastutaH jIva aura brahma eka hI haiN| avidyA ke kAraNa kevala jIva deza, kAla aura vastu ke dvArA paramAtmA se alaga hai aura paramAtmA ina saba mAyArAjyoM se paraM hai| para samAdhi kI dazA meM vyaSTi antaHkaraNa samaSTi antaHkaraNa meM vilIna ho jAtA hai aura brahma tathA jIva meM ekatva kI sthiti A jAtI hai| isI dazA meM veda kA jJAna hotA hai| niSkarSa yaha hai ki paramAtmA ke nizvAsa rUpa prakAzita veda, brahmA ke hRdaya tathA devarSiyoM yA brahmarSiyoM ke antaHkaraNa meM bhI eka hI bhUmi se prApta hote haiM / isalie unheM apauruSeya kahA jAtA hai| prakRtivilAsa aura prakRtilaya ke anusAra paramAtmA ke tIna bhAva adhyAtma, adhidaiva aura adhibhata haiN| adhyAtmabhAva meM mAyAtIta aura mana-vANI se agocara, nirguNa, niSkriya parabrahma AtA hai| adhidaiva bhAva meM mAyA kA adhiSThAtA, sRSTi kA kartA, usakI sthiti tathA pralaya kA saMcAlaka Izvara hai / adhibhUta bhAva meM anantakoTi brahmANDa svarUpa virATa kA rUpa AtA hai| ina tIna bhAvoM ke anusAra saMsAra bhI triguNAtmaka hai| vastutaH kArya- kAraNa kA vistAra mAtra hotA hai, ataeva donoM meM samAna bhAvoM kI sthiti honA svAbhAvika hai / kAryabrahma meM prakRti aura puruSa kI lIlA kA paryavasAna guNa aura bhAvoM kI lIlA ke rUpa meM hotA hai / ataeva prakRti-puruSa ko AdhAra mAnane vAle muktikAmI sAdhaka ko pratyeka vastu meM triguNa aura tribhAva dekhanA par3atA hai| isI prakAra jJAnarAzi bhI vahI pUrNa hai jisameM adhyAtma, adhibhUta aura adhidaiva tInoM bhAvoM kI pUrNatA ho| vedoM meM bhI AdhyAtmika, Adhidaivika aura Adhibhautika tInoM arthoM kA sanniveza hai| smRtiyoM ke anusAra adhyAtma, adhidaiva aura adhibhUta-tInoM bhAvoM se sampanna amRtamayI zruti jJAnI mahAtmA ke lie brahmAnanda kA AsvAdana karAtI hai| ataH veda tIna arthoM aura tIna bhAvoM se sampanna hai| Aja ke manuSyoM kI dRSTi ekAMgI hai aura isa dRSTi kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa bhramavaza ve vedamaMtroM kA pUrNa artha nahIM lagA paate| ve prAyaH inake adhyAtma, adhidaiva aura adhibhUta meM se kisI eka kA hI artha lagA lete haiN| para veda kI apauruSeyatA ke kAraNa yaha saba anargala hai| veda meM tInoM bhAvoM kA eka sAtha artha lagAnA caahie| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke anusAra devatA aura asura donoM hI prajApati ke dvArA utpanna kiye gaye bhAI haiM / asura devoM ke bar3e bhAI aura donoM hI eka-dUsare se spardhA karate haiN| devAsurasaMgrAma isI kA pariNAma hai / isa bAta ko brahma ke tInoM bhAvoM kI bhamikA para rakhakara dekhanA hogA / daivI sampati vAloM aura AsurI sampatti vAloM kA pArasparika saMgharSa isakA adhibhUta artha kahA jAyagA, aura isI taraha devaloka meM tamoguNI asuroM tathA sattvaguNI devoM kA pArasparika saMgharSa adhidaiva arthabhUta devAsurasaMgrAma hai| tIsare adhyAtma ke kSetra meM mAnasika kumati aura sumati kA dvandva AdhyAtmika devAsurasaMgrAma hai| isa prakAra vedamantroM kA tInoM bhAvoM kI dRSTi se artha lagAyA jA sakatA hai| isa taraha veda meM triguNa aura tribhAva kI pUrNatA hai / isalie veda ko apauruSeya kahA jAtA hai| veda ko samajhane ke lie sarvaprathama zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda aura jyotiSa nAmaka chaH zAstroM ke aMgoM kA adhyayana Avazyaka hai| isake uparAnta vaidika sapta darzanoM kA jJAna prApta karanA caahie| inameM se eka ke bhI abhAva meM sAdhaka kA jJAna apUrNa rahegA / uparyukta SaDaMga tathA saptadarzana kI tAttvika jJAnabhUmi para pratiSThita hokara hI manuSya vedAdhyayana kA adhikArI bana sakatA hai| jJAnArjana kA adhikArI hone para use karma, upAsanA aura jJAna kI sahAyatA se apanA citta nirmala karanA hogA, tabhI neda samajhA jA sakatA hai / vedoM me RSi, chanda aura devatA kA ullekha AtA hai| isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki jisa RSi ke dvArA jo mantra prakAzita huA vaha usa mantra kA RSi kahA jAtA hai aura jina chandoM meM ve mantra kahe gaye haiM ve una mantroM ke chanda kahe jAte haiM / jisa mantra se bhagavAn ke jisa rUpa kI upAsanA kI jAtI hai vaha usa mantra kA devatA kahA jAtA hai| pratyeka vaidika mantra kI zakti alaga-alaga hotI hai, isalie usake chanda kA parijJAna hone se usa mantra kI Adhibhautika zakti kA patA calatA hai / devatA

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ke jJAna se usakI Adhidaivika zakti tathA RSi ke jJAna se taittirIya saMhitA meM kula sAta aSTaka haiM jinameM pratyeka aSTaka usakI AdhyAtmika zakti kA patA calatA hai / veda ke karma 7,8 adhyAyoM kA hai| adhyAya ko prazna aura aSTaka ko aura upAsanA kANDa ke bIca indra, varuNa, agni Adi daivI prapAThaka bhI kahA gayA hai| pratyeka adhyAya bahuta se anuzaktiyoM kA svarga Adi phala pradAna karane ke lie sakAma vAkoM se yukta hai aura pUre graMtha meM anuvAkoM kI saMkhyA sAdhanA meM AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai / 700 hai / isameM azvamedha, agniSToma, jyotiSToma, rAjacAroM vedoM ke viSayoM kA yatkiJcita varNana isa sUya, atirAtra Adi yajJoM kA varNana hai aura prajApati, prakAra hai / RgvedasaMhitA ke dasa maNDala haiM, jinameM 85 soma Adi isake devatA haiN| kRSNa yajuHsaMhitA ke brAhmaNa anuvAka aura anuvAkasamUha meM 1028 sUkta haiN| maNDala, ko taittirIya brAhmaNa tathA AraNyaka ko taittirIya AraNyaka anuvAka aura sUkta vartamAna khaNDa, pariccheda Adi ke kahate haiM / isake jJAnakANDa ko taittirIya upaniSad kahate nAmAntara hai / Rgveda ke prathama maNDala meM 24, dvitIya meM haiM / isake atirikta zAkhAoM ke anusAra maitrAyaNIya 4, tRtIya meM 5, caturtha meM 5, paMcama, SaSTha aura saptama meM upaniSad, kaThopaniSad, zvetAzvatara upaniSad tathA nArAse pratyeka meM 6, aSTama meM 10, navama meM 7 aura dazama yaNopaniSad Adi kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| maNDala meM 12 anuvAka nihita haiN| pratyeka maNDala meM sUkoM zukla yajurveda ko vAjasaneyI aura mAdhyandinI saMhitA kI saMkhyA kramazaH 191, 43, 62,58,87, 75, 104, bhI kahate haiN| isake RSi yAjJavalkya haiN| isa saMhitA meM 103,114 aura 191 hai / sUktoM ke bahuta se bheda kiye 40 adhyAya, 290 anuvAka aura aneka kANDa haiN| yahA~ hai, yathA-mahAsUkta, madhyamasUkta, kSudrasUkta, RSisUkta, darzapaurNamAsa, agniSToma, vAjapeya, agnihotra, cAturmAsya, chandaHsukta aura devatAsUvata / kucha logoM ke anusAra Rgveda SoDazI, azvamedha, puruSamedha Adi yajJoM kA varNana hai / vaidika ke mantroM kI saMkhyA 10402 se 10628 taka hai, zabda- yuga ke sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM ke varNana se yukta isa veda saMkhyA 153826 aura zabdAMzasaMkhyA 432000 hai| kI mAdhyandinI zAkhA meM 'zatapatha brAhmaNa' bhI sammilita lekina isameM matabheda hai| hai / isake do bhAgoM meM kula 14 kANDa haiM, jinameM bRhadAmahAbhASya meM yadyapi Rgveda kI 21 zAkhAoM kA raNyakopaniSada bhI sammilita hai| aba pA~cazAkhAyeM bhI upalabdha nahIM haiN| sAmaveda ko sahasra zAkhAoM meM se mAtra AsUrAyaNIya, logoM kA anumAna hai ki Ajakala kevala zAkala zAkhA hI vAsUrAyaNIya, vArtAntaveya, prAJjala, RgvarNabhedA, prAcInapracalita hai| vASkala zAkhA kI mantrasaMkhyA 10622 / yogya, jJAnayogya, rANAyanIya nAmoM kA hI ullekha milatA aura zAkala kI 10381 hai, parantu veda kA adhikAMza hai / rANAyanIya ke nava bheda isa prakAra haiM-zATacAyanIya, lupta ho jAne ke kAraNa isa gaNanA meM bhI matabheda hai| sAtvala, maudgala, khalvala, mahAkhalvala, lAGgala, kauthuma, Rgveda ke do brAhmaNa upalabdha haiM-aitareya aura kauSItaki gautama aura jaiminIya / ye sabhI zAkhAe~ lupta ho gayI hai| yA sAMkhyAyana / aitareya brAhmaNa meM ATha paMjikAe~, pratyeka ____ aba kevala kauthumI zAkhA hI milatI hai| sAmaveda ke pUrva paMjikA meM pAMca adhyAya aura pratyeka adhyAya kaI kANDoM se aura uttara do bhAga haiM / pUrva saMhitA ko chanda Acika yukta hai / Rgveda ke AraNyaka ko aitareya kahate haiM, yaha aura saptasAma nAmoM se bhI abhihita kiyA gayA hai / isake pA~ca AraNyakoM aura aThAraha adhyAyoM se yukta hai| chaH prapAThaka hai / sAmaveda kI uttara saMhitA ko uttarAcika yajurveda ke do bhAga hai-zukla aura kRSNa / inameM kRSNa yA AraNyagAna bhI kahA gayA hai| isake brAhmaNa bhAga meM yajurvedasaMhitA ko taittirIya saMhitA bhI kahate haiM, jisakI ArSeya, devatAdhyAya, adbhuta, tANDya mahAbrAhmaNa, sAma'caraNavyUha' ke anusAra 86 zAkhAe~ thiiN| mahAbhASya ke vidhAna Adi ATha brAhmaNa haiN| inameM jJAnakANDa kA chAndogya anusAra yajuH ko 101 tathA muktikopaniSad ke anusAra aura kenopaniSad pramukha haiN| 109 zAkhAe~ thIM, jinameM Aja mAtra 12 zAkhAyeM aura 14 atharvaveda kI maMtrasaMkhyA 12300 hai, jisakA ati nyUna upazAkhAyeM hI upalabdha haiM / maMtrabrAhmaNAtmaka kRSNayajurveda aMza Ajakala prApta hai| isakI nau zAkhAyeM paippala, meM kula 18000 (aThAraha hajAra ) mantra milate haiN| __ dAnta, pradAnta, snAta, sautna, brahmadAvala, zaunaka, daivIdarzanI

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kahA hai / jina kRtiyoM meM yAjJika samAkhyAtattva, anuSThAnasmArakatva, stutirUpatva, AmaMtraNopetatva Adi bhAva vidyamAna hoM unheM maMtra kahate haiM / isake atirikta zrutibhAga ko brAhmaNa kahate haiM / sAmAnyataH yajJa anuSThAna ke sAtha kisI devatA para lakSita kI gayI zrutiyA~ mantra haiM aura kisI kArya vizeSa meM kisa mantra kA prayoga honA cAhie isakA ullekha karake maMtra kI vyAkhyA jina zrutiyoM meM kI gayI hai ve brAhmaNa hai / brAhmaNabhAga ke tIna bheda-vidhirUpa, arthavAdarUpa aura ubhayavilakSaNa hai / prabhAkara ne vidhi kA lakSaNa zabdabhAvanA aura liMgAdi prayoga se kiyA hai| tAkikoM ne to iSTasAdhanatA ko hI vidhi kahA hai| vidhi ke cAra prakAra-utpatti, adhikAra, viniyoga aura prayoga hai / vidhi ke avaziSTa stuti-nindAyukta vAkyasamUha ko arthavAda kahA gayA hai| arthavAda ke tIna prakAra guNavAda, anuvAda aura bhUtArthavAda haiN| vedAnta vAkya vidhyarthavAda se vilakSaNa haiM para ve ajJAtajJApaka hone para bhI anuSThAna ke apratipAdaka hai isalie unheM vidhi nahIM khte| saba vidhiyA~ unhIM meM vilIna hotI haiM, isalie ve arthavAda bhI aura caraNavidyA meM se kevala zaunaka zAkhA (aura paMpalAda zAkhA ) hI Aja raha gayI hai| isameM 20 kANDa haiM / atharvaveda zatrupIDana, AtmarakSA, vipanivAraNa Adi kAryoM ke maMtroM se bharA par3A hai| aisA mAlUma par3atA hai ki vartamAna tAMtrika sAdhanA isI se udbhUta hai| atharvaveda ke brAhmaNa kA nAma gopatha hai| isake jJAnakANDa meM bahata upaniSadeM thIM aura Aja bhI jAbAla, kaivalya, AnandavallI, AruNeya, tejobindu, dhyAnabindu, amRtabindu, brahmabindu, nAdabindu, prazna, muNDaka, atharvaziras, garbha, mANDUkya, nIlarudra Adi upaniSadeM pAyI jAtI hai / _ atharvaveda ke saMkalana ke viSaya meM tIna mata pracalita haiN| kucha loga atharvA aura aMgirA RSi ke vaMzadharoM dvArA, kucha loga bhRguvaMziyoM dvArA aura kucha loga atharvA RSi dvArA hI isakA saMkalana honA batalAte haiN| Rk, sAma, yaju aura atharva meM kucha aise sAmAnya sUkta milate haiM jinase eka hI veda se vedacatuSTaya ke nirmANa kI saMbhAvanA prabala ho jAtI hai| isa sambandha meM sUtasaMhitA meM spaSTa likhA hai ki maharSi vedavyAsa ne ambikApati kI kRpA se veda ke cAra bhAga kiye, jinameM Rgveda prathama, yajurveda dvitIya, sAmaveda tRtIya tathA atharvaveda caturtha hai| ina vibhAgoM kA eka mukhya prayojana yaha hai ki Rgveda ke dvArA yajJIya hotRprayoga, yajurveda se adhvaryuprayoga, sAmaveda se udgAtR- prayoga (brahmayajamAna prayoga bhI) aura atharvaveda se zAMtika- pauSTika, AbhicArika Adi yajJa, karma, devatA va upAsanA ke rahasya tathA jJAna pratipAdaka mantroM kA vidhAna hotA hai| isase yajJapratipAdana meM paryApta suvidhA milatI hai| zAkhAoM ke sambandha meM yadyapi maharSiyoM dvArA nirdhArita inakI saMkhyA meM bheda hai para vAkya meM koI virodha nahIM hai / ataH isa bheda kA koI tAttvika kAraNa nahIM hai| __ manuSya ko trividha zuddhi dvArA mukti pradAna karane ke lie hI veda kA karma, upAsanA aura jJAna nAmaka tIna kANDoM meM vibhAga kiyA gayA hai, jo maMtra, brAhmaNa tathA AraNyaka vA upaniSad nAma se abhihita haiM / maMtra yA saMhitA meM upA- sanA, brAhmaNa meM karma tathA AraNyaka meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hai| upaniSadeM saMhitA aura brAhmaNa meM hI antarbhUta hai isalie veda kA vivaraNa tIna bhAgoM meM na karake maMtra aura brAhmaNa ina do bhAgoM meM hI kiyA jAtA hai| maharSi Apa- stamba aura jaimini donoM ne maMtra aura brAhmaNa ko veda kucha loga brAhmaNa bhAga ko parataH pramANa aura saMhitA bhAga se bhinna tathA nyUna batalAte haiN| vastutaH veda mantrabrAhmaNAtmaka haiM ataeva brAhmaNa hara zAkhA meM haiM / brAhmaNa bhAga meM saMhitA ke mantroM ke vyavahAra kI kriyApraNAlI varNita hai| karma. upAsanA aura jJAna bhAratIya vaidika zikSA ke mUla AdhAra haiM aura inhIM se veda kA vedatva hai| veda meM unakI Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika aura AdhyAtmika sArthakatA tInoM surakSita hai| isIlie pratyeka zAkhA meM mantra, brAhmaNa aura upaniSad tInoM vartamAna haiN| smRti ke anusAra pratyakSa yA anumAna se jo kucha prApta nahIM ho sakatA vaha veda se prApta ho jAtA hai / laukika pratyakSa yA anumAnAtIta AdhyAtmika brahmapada kI prApti brAhmaNa bhAga kI sahAyatA se hI saMbhava ho sakatI hai, kyoMki upaniSad bhI brAhmaNa kA bhAga hai| karma, upAsanA aura jJAna meM jIva ko brahma bhAva meM lAne kI zakti hai aura isI kAraNa veda kI pUrNatA tathA apauruSeyatA surakSita hai / sat, cita aura Ananda ina tInoM bhAvoM kI pUrNa upalabdhi se hI brahmabhAva kI upalabdhi hotI hai| karma ke dvArA sadbhAva, upAsanA ke dvArA Ananda bhAva tathA jJAna ke dvArA 76

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602 vedatrayI-vedAcAra cidbhAva kI prApti hotI hai| veda ke tIna kANDa haiN| 'zAzvata' kahalAte haiN| yahI nAma mahAbhArata ke saMkalanausake mantrabhAga ko upAsanA kANDa, brAhmaNabhAga ko kartA, vedAntadarzana ke sthApanakartA tathA purANoM ke vyavakarmakANDa tathA AraNyaka bhAga ko jJAnakANDa kahate haiN| sthApaka ko bhI diyA gayA hai| ye sabhI vyakti vedavyAsa inameM se eka bhI bhAga ke abhAva meM veda kI apauruSeyatA kahe gaye haiN| vidvAnoM meM isa bAta para matabheda hai ki ye aura pUrNatA khaNDita ho jAtI hai| bhAga zabda bhAgAntara sabhI eka hI vyakti the athavA vibhinn| bhAratIya paramparA kA sUcaka hai isalie kevala mantra hI veda nahIM ho sakatA, ina sabako eka hI vyakti mAnatI hai| mahAbhAratakAra usameM brAhmaNa aura tadantargata upaniSad kI sthiti bhI vyAsa RSi parAzara evaM satyavatI ke putra the, ye sA~vale anivArya hai / pratyeka bhAga meM karma, upAsanA aura jJAna raMga ke the tathA yamunA ke bIca sthita eka dvIpa meM utpanna kA varNana nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM hai, yadyapi eka meM kisI eka hue the| ataeva ye sAMvale raMga ke kAraNa 'kRSNa' tathA pakSa kI hI pradhAnatA rahatI hai| janmasthAna ke kAraNa 'dvaipAyana' kahalAye / inakI mAtA ne __ kucha Adhunika vicArakoM ne RSi-muniyoM aura rAjAoM bAda meM zAntanu se vivAha kiyA, jinase unake do putra kA itihAsa brAhmaNoM meM dekhakara use veda kahanA asvIkAra hue, jinameM bar3A citrAGgada yuddha meM mArA gayA aura choTA kara diyA hai / unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki inase alaga vicitravIrya saMtAnahIna mara gyaa| kRSNa dvaipAyana ne dhArmika koI itihAsa yA purANa nahIM hai| vAstavika bAta yaha hai tathA vairAgya kA jIvana pasaMda kiyA, kintu mAtA ke ki purANa veda se bhinna nahIM haiM / veda kI bAtoM ko hI Agraha para inhoMne vicitravIrya kI donoM santAnahIna purANoM meM sarala karake bhinna bhinna rUpoM meM upasthita rAniyoM dvArA niyoga ke niyama se do putra utpanna kiye kiyA gayA hai / inameM yatra-tatra prApta hone vAle antarvirodha jo dhRtarASTra tathA pANDu kahalAye, inameM tIsare vidura bhI tAttvika na hokara bhAva kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa haiM / isa the| purANoM meM aThAraha vyAsoM kA ullekha hai jo brahmA taraha purANoM kI racanA bhAvoM ke anusAra huA karatI hai| yA viSNu ke avatAra kahalAte haiM evaM pRthvI para vibhinna ataeva purANoM ko brAhmaNa nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vAja- yugoM meM vedoM kI vyAkhyA va pracAra karane ke lie avatIrNa saneyI brAhmaNopaniSad ke anusAra Rk Adi cAra veda, hote haiN| itihAsa, purANa Adi sabhI bhagavAn ke niHzvAsasvarUpa hai| vedavrata-yaha caturmUrtivrata hai / manuSya ko caitra mAsa se Rgveda vedatrayI-prArambha meM vedamantra apane chAndas rUpa meM avibhakta kI pUjA karake nakta vidhi se AhAra kara vedapATha zravaNa the / unameM padya aura gadya donoM prakAra kI sAmagrI sammi- karanA caahie| jyeSTha mAsa ke antima dina do vastra, lita thii| phira dhIre-dhIre unakA vargIkaraNa karake tIna suvarNa, gau, ghI se paripUrNa kA~se ke pAtra kA dAna vihita hai| vibhAga kiye gaye-Rk, yaju aura sAma / yahI tIna ASAr3ha, zrAvaNa tathA bhAdrapada mAsa meM use yajurveda kI pUjA vedatrayI kahalAte haiM / pahale vibhAga kA artha hai stuti aura zravaNa karanA cAhie / Azvina, kArtika tathA mArgaathavA prArthanA, dUsare kA artha hai yajJoM meM viniyoga karane zIrSa meM sAmaveda kI tathA pauSa, mAgha evaM phAlguna meM samasta vAle gadyamaya mantra athavA vAkya aura tIsare vibhAga kA vedoM kI pUjA evaM pATha zravaNa karanA cAhie / vastutaH artha hai gAna / vaidika mantroM ko inhIM tIna mUla bhAgoM meM yaha bhagavAn vAsudeva kI hI pUjA hai jo samasta vedoM ke bA~TA jA sakatA hai| kucha vidvAn atharvaveda ko isase AtmA haiM / yaha vrata 12 varSaparyanta AcaraNIya hai / isake pRthak samajhate haiM kintu vAstava meM atharvaveda inhIM tInoM ___ AcaraNa se vratI samasta saMkaToM se mukta hokara viSNuloka se banA huA saMgraha hai| yaha veda kA caturvidha nahIM apitu prApta kara letA hai| trividha vibhAjana hai| vedasAra vIrazaivacintAmaNi-yaha najanAcArya viracita vedavyAsa-vyAsa kA artha hai 'sampAdaka' / yaha upAdhi aneka vIra zaiva sampradAya kA eka pramukha grantha hai| purAne granthakAroM ko pradAna kI gayI hai, kintu vizeSakara vedAcAra-tAntrika gaNa sAta prakAra ke AcAroM meM vibhakta vedavyAsa upAdhi vedoM ko vyavasthita rUpa pradAna karane vAle haiN| kulArNavatantra ke mata se vedAcAra zreSTha hai, vedAcAra se una maharSi ko dI gayI hai jo ciraMjIva hone ke kAraNa vaiSNavAcAra uttama hai, vaiSNavAcAra se zaivAcAra utkRSTa hai,

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baMdAja vedAntakaustubha zaivAcAra se dakSiNAcAra mahAn hai, dakSiNAcAra se vAmAcAra zreSTha hai, vAmAcAra se siddhAntAcAra uttama hai tathA siddhAntAcAra kI apekSA kaulAcAra parama uttama hai / prANatoSiNIdhRta nityAnandatantra meM likhA hai ki ziva pArvatI se kaha rahe haiM : " he sundari ! vedAcAra kA varNana karatA hU~, tuma suno| sAdhaka brAhma muhUrta meM uThe aura guru ke nAma ke anta meM AnandanAtha bolakara unako praNAma kare | phira sahasradala padma meM unakA dhyAna karake paJca upacAroM se pUjA kareM aura vAgbhava bIja kA japa karake parama kalAzakti kA dhyAna kare / " mahArASTra ke vaidikoM meM vedAcAra kA pracAra hai / vedAGga - vedoM ke sahAyaka zAstra, jinakI saMkhyA chaH hai / vedoM ke pATha arthajJAna, yajJoM meM unakI upayogitA Adi jAnane ke lie ina chaH zAstroM kI AvazyakatA hotI hai : ( 1 ) zikSA ( 2 ) kalpa ( 3 ) vyAkaraNa (4) nirukta (5) chanda aura (6) jyotiSa jaise manuSya ke AMkha, kAna, nAka, mukha, hAtha aura pA~va hote haiM vaise hI vedoM ke lie A~kha jyotiSa hai, kAna nirukta hai, nAka zikSA hai, mukha vyAkaraNa hai, hAtha kalpa haiM aura pA~va chanda haiM (pANinIya zikSA 41-42) / uccAraNa ke sambandha meM upadeza zikSA hai| yajJa yAgAdi karma sambandhI vidhi kalpa hai / zabdoM ke sambandha meM vicAra vyAkaraNa hai aura unakI vyutpatti aura artha ke sambandha meM vicAra nirukta hai / vaidika chandoM ke sambandha kA jJAna chanda athavA piGgala hai / yajJa-yAgAdi karane ke yogya ayana Rtu, saMvatsara, muhUrta kA vicAra aura tatsambandhI jJAna jyotiSa hai / veda ke jJAna kI pUrti ina viSayoM kA alaga alaga adhyayana kiye binA nahIM ho sakatI / (vedAGgoM kA vistRta paricaya unake nAmagata paricaya meM dekhie 1) vedAnta yaha zabda 'veda' aura 'anta' ina do zabdoM ke mela se banA hai, ataH isakA vAkyArtha veda athavA vedoM IT antima bhAga hai / vaidika sAhitya mukhyataH tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai, pahale kA nAma hai 'karmakANDa', dUsare kA nAma hai 'jJAnakANDa', tIsare kA nAma hai 'upAsanAkANTa' / sAdhAraNataH vaidika sAhitya ke brAhmaNa bhAga ko, jisakA sambandha yajJoM se hai, karmakANDa kahate haiM aura upaniSadeM jJAnakANDa kahalAtI haiM, jisameM upAsanA bhI sammilita hai / anta zabda kA artha kramazaH 'tAtparya', 'siddhAnta' tathA 605 'Antarika abhiprAya' athavA mantabya bhI kiyA gayA hai| upaniSadoM ke mArmika adhyayana se patA calatA hai ki una RSiyoM ne, jinake nAma tathA jinakA mata inameM pAyA jAtA hai, anta zabda kA artha isI rUpa meM kiyA hai / unake mata ke anusAra veda vA jJAna kA anta arthAt paryavasAna brahmajJAna meM hai / devI-deva, manuSya, pazu-pakSI, sthAvarajaGgamAtmaka sArA vizvaprapaJca nAma rUpAtmaka jagat brahma se bhinna nahIM; yahI vedAnta arthAt vedasiddhAnta hai jo kucha dRSTigocara hotA hai, jo kucha nAma rUpa se sambodhita hotA hai, usakI sattA brahma kI sattA se bhinna nhiiN| manuSya kA eka mAtra kartavya brahmajJAna prApti, brahmamayatA, brahmasvarUpa kI prApti hai| yahI eka bAta vedoM kA maulika siddhAnta, antima tAtparya tathA sarvocca sarvamAnya abhiprAya hai| yahI vedAnta zabda kA mUlArtha hai / isa artha meM vedAnta zabda se upaniSad granthoM kA sAkSAt bodha hotA hai / paravartI kAla meM vedAnta kA tAtparya vaha dArzanika sampradAya bhI ho gayA jo upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para kevala brahma kI hI eka mAtra sattA mAnatA hai / kaI sUkSma bhedoM ke AdhAra para isake kaI upasampradAya bhI hai, jaise a vAda, viziSTAdvaita, zuddhAdvaitavAda Adi / vedAntakalpataru - advaita vedAnta kA eka grantha, jisakI racanA 1260 I0 ke kucha pUrva amalAnanda dvArA huii| brahmasUtrabhASya ke Upara yaha vAcaspati mizra kI 'bhAmatI' TIkA kI vyAkhyA hai vedAntakalpataruparimala - ' bhAmatI' - vyAkhyA 'vedAntakalpataru' kI yaha appayadIkSita kRta TIkA hai| vedAntakalpalatikA - svAmI madhusUdana sarasvatIkRta vedAntaviSayaka eka grantha / isakA racanAkAla 1550 I0 ke AsapAsa hai / vedAntakArikAvalI -- viziSTAdvaita vedAntI bucci veGkaTAcArya ne vedAntakArikAvalI grantha kI racanA kii| isameM rAmAnujAcAryasammata padArthoM aura siddhAntoM kA sArAMza likhA gayA hai / yaha grantha padya meM hai / bucci vedAcArya rAmAnuja sampradAya ke anuyAyI the / vedAntakaustubha - nimbArka sampradAya ke dvitIya AcArya zrInivAsa viracita vedAntasUtra kA tArkika bhASya / yaha dvaitA - dvaita siddhAnta kA adhikArI grantha hai racanA sudIrgha, gambhIra tathA dArzanikoM meM bahu AdUta hai / racanAkAla lagabhaga 12vIM zatAbdI thA /

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604 vedAntakomA nimbArka sampradAya ke dvitIya AcArya zrInivAsakRta 'vedAnta kaustubha' bhASya kI vyAkhyA, jisake racayitA kezava kAzmIrI bhaTTa hai| inakA samaya solahavIM zatAbdI kA Arambhika kAla yA kezava kAzmIrI jitane ucca koTi ke dArzanika aura digvijayI vidvAn the usase adhika kRSNa bhagavAn ke gambhIra upAsaka the| vedAntajAhnavI-sAtavAdI vaiSNava siddhAnta ke anusAra racI gayI vedAntasUtra kI eka TIkA / isake lekhaka zrIdevAcArya ne nimbArkamata kA pratipAdana karate hue prastuta grantha meM arddhatavAda kA khaNDana kiyA hai| vedAntatasvabodhanimbArkAcArya viracita granthoM meM isakA nAma bhI liyA jAtA hai / sambhavataH isake racanAkAra sampradAya ke koI paravartI AcArya haiM / vedAntatasvaviveka -bhaTTojidIkSita viracita eka advaitavedAnta kA grantha / AcArya dIkSita suprasiddha vaiyAkaraNa hone ke sAtha hI mImAMsaka aura vedAntI bhI the| inhoMne do vedAntagrantha likhe haiN| inameM vedAntakaustubha to prakAzita hai, vedAntatatvaviveka saMbhavataH abhI taka prakAzita nahIM hai| vedAntadarzana vaha vidyA athavA zAstra, jo veda ke antima athavA carama tattva kA vivecana karatA hai, vedAntadarzana kahalAtA hai / upaniSadoM ke jJAna ko ekatra samanvita karane ke lie maharSi bAdarAyaNa ne 'brahmasUtra' yA 'vedAntasUtra' likhaa| isI ko vedAntadarzana kahA jAtA hai| upaniSadoM yA vedoM ke tatvajJAna ko samanvita karane vAlI bhagavadagItA bhI hai| kucha logoM ke mata se vaha svayaM upaniSad hai ataH ye tInoM vedAnta ke prasthAnatraya kahe jAte haiN| isa prakAra upaniSad, brahmasUtra aura gItA ina tonoM ko yA inameM se kisI eka ko pradhAna mAnakara calane vAle dArzanikoM ke siddhAnta ko vedAntadarzana kahA jAtA hai / zaMkara, bhAskara, rAmAnuja, nimbArka, madhya, zrIkaNTha, zrIpati, vallabha, vijJAnabhikSu aura baladeva 'brahmasUtra' ke prasiddha bhASyakAra hue haiN| -- ina sabhI bhASyakAroM ne brahmasUtra kI vyAkhyA apane apane DhaMga se kI hai / vedAntasUtroM ko binA kisI bhASya ke samajhanA kaThina hai / zaGkara, nimbArka, rAmAnuja, madhva evaM vallabha meM se pratyeka ko kucha na kucha loga vedAnta vedAntakaustubhaprabhA vedAntadarzana sUtra kA sarvazreSTha bhASyakAra kahate haiN| inameM zAGkara bhASya sabase prAcIna hai / ataH prAyaH zaMkara ke darzana ko hI bAda rAyaNa kA darzana mAnA jAtA hai| apane deza tathA pAzcAtya dezoM meM bhI loga zakrUra ke hI darzana ko vedAntadarzana mAnate haiM / brahmasUtra ke sabhI bhASyakAroM meM isa bAta para makya hai ki vedAnta kA mukhya siddhAnta brahmavAda hai aura isakI sundara tathA paryApta abhivyakti 'brahmasUtra' ke prathama cAra sUtroM yA catuHsUtrI meM ho gayI hai| (1) 'jayAto brahmaji jJAsA' (2) 'jammAdyasya yataH (2) 'zAstrayonitvAt' aura (4) ' tattu samanvayAt', ye hI cAra sUtra haiM / inakA artha hai - ( 1 ) vedAnta samajhane ke lie 'brahma kI jijJAsA' honI cAhie / (2) brahma vaha hai jo jagat kA mUla srota, AdhAra tathA lakSya hai / jagat usI se banatA hai, usI meM sthita hai tathA usI meM isakA laya bhI hogA / ( 3 ) brahma ko zAstra se hI arthAt upaniSadoM (vedavacanoM se hI jAnA jA sakatA hai| (4) upaniSadoM kA samanvaya vedAnta kI zikSA se hotA hai, anya darzanoM kI zikSA se nahIM / brahma kA svarUpa brahma aura jagat kA sambandha, brahma aura jIva kA sambandha kevala jJAna se mukti yA bhakti-karmasamuccita jJAna se mukti, jIvanmukti yA videha mukti yA sadyomukti Adi vedAntiyoM ke matabheda ke mukhya viSaya haiN| brahmasUtra kA dArzanika mata nimnalikhita hai-brahma eka hai tathA nirAkAra (akala) hai vaha zrutiyoM kA srota haiM tathA sarvajJa hai, use kevala zAstroM ke dvArA jAnA jA sakatA hai, vaha sRSTi kA upAdAna evaM antima kAraNa hai, vaha icchArahita hai tathA kriyAhIna hai| usake dRzya kArya lIlA haiM / vizva kA, jisakI usake dvArA samaya samaya para sRSTi hotI hai, Adi va anta nahIM hai / zAstra bhI zAzvata hai / devatA haiM tathA ve vedavihita yajJoM meM diye gaye padArthoM se apanA bhAga prApta karate haiN| jIvAtmA bhI vAstava nitya, jJAnamaya evaM sarvavyApta hai / yaha brahma kA hI aMza hai; yaha brahma hai| isakA vyaktitva kevala dRSTibhrAnti hai / yajJa manuSya ko brahmajJAna prApta karane meM sahAyatA pahu~cAte haiM, mokSa kevala jJAna se hI prApta hotA hai / brahma se kAryoM kA phala prApta hotA hai, aura isI kAraNa se punarjanma evaM usI se mokSa bhI milatA hai /

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vedAntadezika-vedAntasiddhAntamuktAvalI 605 vedAntasUtroM ko bhASya ke vinA samajhanA bar3A kaThina vidvAn bhI yaha mAnate haiM ki isake siddhAntoM meM sarvatra hai| isIlie aneka vidvAnoM ne isa para bhASya prastuta Izvaratattva virAjamAna hai| kiye haiN| ve do zreNiyoM meM rakhe jA sakate haiM : (1) jo vedAntaparibhASA-dharmarAja adhvarIndra isa suprasiddha grantha ke zaGkarAcArya (788-820 I.) ke matAnugAmI hai evaM praNetA the / yaha advaita siddhAnta kA atyanta upayogI jIvAtmA ko brahmasvarUpa mAnate haiM tathA eka advaita tattva ko prakaraNa grantha hai| isake Upara bahuta sI TIkAe~ huI hai svIkAra karate hue bhautika jagat ko mAyA mAtra batalAte aura bhinna bhinna sthAnoM se isake aneka saMskaraNa prakAhaiM / (2) jo brahma ko saguNa sAkAra mAnate haiM, vizva ko zita hue haiM / advaita vedAnta kA rahasya samajhane ke lie nyUnAdhika satya mAnate haiM, jIvAtmA ko brahma se bhinna mAnate isakA adhyayana bahuta upayogI hai| haiM / isa zreNI ke pratinidhi rAmAnujAcArya haiM jo 1100 vedAntapArijAtasaurabha-cAra vaiSNava saMpradAyoM ke eka pradhAna I0 ke lagabhaga hue the| hviTane ne isa prazna para vistRta AcArya nimbArka kA nirvivAda rUpa se eka hI dArzanika vivecana kiyA hai ki zaGkara tathA rAmAnuja meM se grantha 'vedAntapArijAtasaurabha' prApta hai / yaha vedAntasUtra kI kauna brahmasUtra ke samIpa hai| vaha isa niSkarSa para pahu~- sakSipta vyAkhyA hai| zrInivAsAcArya ne isakA vistRta catA hai ki brahmasUtra kI zikSAoM tathA rAmAnuja ke matoM bhASya 'vedAntakaustubha' nAma se likhA hai tathA usa meM adhika sAmIpya hai, apekSAkRta zaGkara ke| dUsarI tarapha para kAzmIrI kezavAcArya ne prabhA nAmaka prakhara vyAkhyA vaha zaGkara kI zikSAoM ko upaniSadoM kI zikSA ke likhI hai| samIpa ThaharAtA hai / isa tathya kI kalpanA vaha isa bAta se vedAntapradIpa-rAmAnujAcArya dvArA viracita eka grantha / karatA hai ki sUtroM kI zikSA bhagavadgItA se kucha sImA / isameM inhoMne yAdavaprakAza ke mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| taka prabhAvita hai| yAdavaprakAza advaitavAdI AcArya the jinake pAsa prArambha jIvAtmA tathA brahma ke sambandha ko lekara tIna siddhAnta meM rAmAnuja ne zikSA pAyI thI / kiMvadantI hai ki yAdavajo paravartI bhAjyoM meM pAye jAte haiM, ve bAdarAyaNa ke pUrva prakAza Age calakara rAmAnuja ke ziSya ho gye| vartI AcAryoM dvArA hI sthApita haiN| Azmarathya ke matA vedAntaratna-nimbArkAcArya dvArA kevala dasa padyoM meM sUtra nusAra na to AtmA brahma se bhinna hai, na abhinna hai; isa ___rUpa se viracita 'vedAntaratna' ke anya nAma 'vedAntakAmasiddhAnta ko bhedAbheda kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| auDulomi ke dhenu', 'dazazlokI' evaM 'siddhAntaratna' bhI haiN| anusAra AtmA brahma se bilkula bhinna hai; usa samaya taka vedAntaratnamaJjUSA--puruSottamAcArya viracita vedAntaratnajaba taka ki yaha mokSa prApta kara usameM vilIna nahIM hotaa| maJjUSA vedAntakAmadhenu yA dazazlokI kA bhASya hai| isa mata ko satyabheda yA dvaitavAda kahate haiM / kAzakRtsna isameM nimbArkIya dvaitAdvaita mata kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| ke matAnusAra AtmA brahma se bilkula abhinna hai / isa vedAntavijaya-doddaya bhaTTAcArya rAmAnujadAsa kRta vedAntaprakAra ve advaita mata ke saMsthApaka haiN| vijaya, meM rAmAnujamata kI puSTi kI gayI hai| vedAntadezika-eka prasiddha viziSTAdvaitI AcArya / inakA vedAntasAra-(1) sadAnanda yogIndra dvArA racita (16vIM zato) advaita vedAnta kA supracalita prakaraNa grantha / yaha sarala anya nAma thA veGkaTanAtha (dekhie 'veGkaTanAtha vedAntAcArya') / mImAMsAdarzana anIzvaravAdI kahA jAtA hai, kyoM hone ke sAtha hI lokapriya bhI hai| nRsiMha sarasvatI ne isakI subodhinI nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| rAmatIrtha svAmI ne ki isane kahIM bhI paramAtmA ko svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai / / bhI isakI TIkA likhI hai / kintu mAtoM ko isase bAdhA nahIM par3atI evaM ve sabhI upaniSadvaNita brahma ko svIkAra karate haiN| vedAnta (2) rAmAnujAcArya kI pramukha kRtiyoM meM eka prasiddha dezika ne apanI 'sezvaramImAMsA' (jo jaiminIya mImAMsA- grantha vedAntasAra hai| sUtroM kI vyAkhyA hai) meM darzAyA hai ki mImAMsAcArya kumA- vedAntasiddhAntamuktAvalI-isa grantha ke racayitA haiM rila bhadra Izvara kI sattA ko svIkAra karate haiM tathA anya prakAzAnanda yati / isakI vivecanazailI bahuta yuktiyukta,

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606 vedAntasUtra-vedi(vedikA) pANDityapUrNa aura prAJjala hai / isameM gadya meM vivecanA kRta vedAntasUtrabhASya kA nAma 'vedAntasyamantaka' hai / yaha karake padya meM siddhAnta nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai / isake Upara gauDIya caitanya matAnusAra likhA gayA hai| appayadIkSita kI siddhAntadIpikA nAma kI vRtti hai| vedAntAcArya-vedAntAcAryoM kI paramparA kA prArambha isakA aMgrejI anuvAda bhI ho cukA hai| bAdarAyaNa ke brahmasUtra racanAkAla ke bahuta pahale ho cukA vedAntasUtra-vedAntasUtra ko brahmasUtra bhI kahate haiN| isake thaa| kahA jA cukA hai ki bAdarAyaNa ke pUrva aneka AcArya racayitA bAdarAyaNa vyAsa haiM / inhoMne upaniSadoM ko samagra vedAnta ke sambandha meM vibhinna matoM ke mAnane vAle ho dArzanika sAmagrI kA Alocana kara isakI racanA kI, jo cuke the| bAdarAyaNa ne kevala una sabake matoM kA apane sUtroM vedAnta kI prasthAnatrayI' kA dUsarA prasthAna hai| yaha meM saMkalana aura samanvaya kiyA hai| ina AcAryoM ke nAma - cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai aura pratyeka adhyAya meM cAra sthAna-sthAna para sUtroM meM A gaye haiN| isa paramparA kA pAda haiM / zaGkarAcArya ke anusAra brahmasUtroM kI adhikaraNa krama Aja taka calA A rahA hai| isa lambI paramparA ko saMkhyA 191, baladevabhASya ke anusAra 19.., zrIkaNTha ke kAlakrama se tIna zreNiyoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM : anusAra 182, rAmAnuja ke anusAra 156, nimbArka ke (1) bAdarAyaNa ke pUrva ke vedAntAcArya-jinameM bAdari, anusAra 151, vallabhAcArya ke aNubhASya ke anusAra 162 kArNAjini, Atraya, auDulomi, Azmarathya, kAzakRtsna, jaimini, kAzyapa evaM bAdarAyaNi ke nAma haiM / aura madhva ke anusAra 223 hai / pracalita pATha ke anusAra (2) bAdarAyaNa ke pazcAt evaM zaGkara ke pUrva ke brahmasUtroM kI sUtrasaMkhyA 556 honI cAhie / vedAntAcArya-zaGkara ne apane bhASya meM inakI carcA kI isake prathama adhyAya kA nAma 'samanvaya' hai / isameM hai tathA dArzanika sAhitya meM bhI inakA jahA~ tahA~ ullekha brahma ke sambandha meM vibhinna zrutiyoM kA samanvaya kiyA milatA hai / ye haiM bhartRprapaMca, brahmanandI, TaGka, guhadeva, gayA hai| dUsarA adhyAya 'avirodha' hai, jisameM anya darzanoM bhAruci, kapardI, upavarSa, bodhAyana, bhartRhari, sundara pANDya, kA khaNDana kara yukti aura pramANoM se vedAntamata kI sthA- dramiDAcArya, brahmadatta Adi / panA kI gayI hai| tIsare adhyAya kA nAma 'sAdhana' hai / (3) zaGkara ke pazcAdavartI vedAntAcArya-ye do vibhAgoM isameM jIva aura brahma ke lakSaNoM kA pratipAdana hai tathA mukti meM vibhAjita haiM; zaGkaramatAnuyAyI tathA rAmAnujamatAnuke bahiraMga evaM antaraMga sAdhanoM kA vivecana hai / brahmasUtra yAyI / ina sabhI AcAryoM kA yahA~ varNana upasthita karanA ke cauthe adhyAya kA nAma 'phala' hai| isameM jIvanmukti, punarAvRtti hogii| inakA paricaya yathAsthAna dekhie / nirguNasaguNa upAsanA tathA mukta puruSa kA varNana hai| vedArthasaMgraha-AcArya rAmAnuja dvArA racita dArzanika vedAntasUtrabhASya-(1) ( anya nAma zArIraka bhASya ) ke granthoM meM tIna ati mahattvapUrNa hai-(1) vedArthasaMgraha (2) racayitA zaGkarAcArya hai| yaha advaita vedAnta mata kI zrIbhASya (vedAntasUtra kA bhASya) aura (3) gItAbhASya / sthApanA karatA hai| vedArthasaMgraha meM AcArya ne yaha dikhAne kI ceSTA kI hai ki (2) AcArya madhvaracita vedAntasUtrabhASya kA nAma upaniSadeM zuSka advaita mata kA pratipAdana nahIM karatIM / 'pUrNaprajJa bhASya' hai / yaha dvaitavAda kA pratipAdaka hai| sudarzana vyAsa bhaTTAcArya ne vedArthasaMgraha kI tAtparyadI(3) AcArya rAmAnuja ke vedAntasUtrabhASya kA nAma / pikA nAmaka TIkA likhI hai| 'zrIbhASya hai| vedi (vedikA)-yajJAgni yA kalaza Adi sthApita karane kA (4) nimbArkAcArya ke saMkSipta vedAntasUtra bhASya yA choTA cabUtarA / vaidika kAla meM yajJa khule maidAna meM yajJakartA vivRti kA nAma 'vedAntapArijAta saurabha' hai| ke ghara ke samIpa AcchAdita maNDapa ke nIce hotA thaa| (5) vallabhAcAryaracita vedAntasUtrabhASya ko 'aNu- 'vedi' zabda usa kSetra kA bodhaka hai jisake Upara yajJa kriyA bhASya' kahate haiN| isakA racanAkAla pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA sampanna hotI thii| isake Upara ( vedi para ) kuza bichAye anta yA 16vIM kA prArambha hai / jAte the jisase devatA Akara usa para baiThe; phira usa para (6) AcArya baladeva vidyAbhUSaNa (aThArahavIM zatI) yajJasAmAgrI-dugdha, ghRta, anna, piNDAdi rakhe jAte the|

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vedeza-vaidikazAktamata vedi para hI yajJAgni prajvalita kara yajJasAmagriyoM kA havana maraNa nAmaka sthAna para mArA gayA thaa| taittirIya A0 adhvaryu dvArA hotA thaa| isakI nirmANavidhi zulbasUtroM (1.23.3) meM bhI isakI carcA hai| inameM se eka vyakti se nirdhArita hotI hai| vaikhAnasapuruhantA kahA jAtA thaa| vedeza-AcArya vedezatIrtha madhvamatAvalambI haribhakta the| vaikhAnasagRhyasUtra-yaha kRSNa yajurveda kA eka gRhyasUtra hai / inhoMne padArthakaumudI, tattvodyotaTIkA kI vRtti, kaThopaniSad vaikhAnasadharmasUtra-pA~ca prArambhika dharmasUtroM meM se eka / yaha vRtti, kenopaniSad vRtti tathA chAndogyopaniSad Adi kI vRtti sabhI zAkhAoM ke lie upayogI hai / dvitIya zreNI ke viracita kI hai| inakA samaya prAyaH aThArahavIM zatI thaa| dharmasUtroM meM bhI yaha mukhya samajhA jAtA hai| vezyAvata-vezyAoM ko apane uddhAra ke lie gauoM, khetoM, vaikhAnasasaMhitA-AgamasaMhitAe~ do prakAra kI hai, pAJcadevodyAna tathA suvarNAdi kA dAna karanA cAhie tathA jisa rAtra aura vaikhAnasa / kisI vaiSNava mandira meM pAJcarAtra ravivAra ko hasta, puSya yA punarvasu nakSatra ho usa dina ve tathA kisI meM vaikhAnasasaMhitAe~ pramANa mAnI jAtI haiN| sauSadhi yukta jala se snAna kreN| snAnoparAnta kAmadeva vaikhAnasasaMhitAe~ aura unameM bhI vizeSataH bhAgavatakA ApAda-mastaka pUjana kareM tathA kAmadeva ko viSNu bhaga- saMhitA nAma kI eka vizeSa saMhitA hari-hara kI ekatA vAn hI mAneM / eka varSa ke lie viSNupUjA kA niyama sampAdana karane ke lie likhI gayI jAna par3atI hai| pAleM, terahaveM mAsa paryaGkopayogI vastra, suvarNazRkhalA tathA vaitaraNIvrata-mArgazIrSa kRSNa ekAdazI ko vaitaraNI tithi kAmadeva kI pratimA kA dAna kreN| yaha vrata samasta vezyAoM kahA gayA hai / usa dina vratakartA niyamoM kA pAlana (kucha ke lie upayogI hai| anaGga (prema kA devatA) hI isakA pratiSiddha AcaraNoM kA tyAga) kre| rAtri ke samaya eka devatA hai / kRtyakalpataru (vratakANDa, 27-31) meM isa vrata kA zyAmA gau kI mukha kI ora se prArambha kara pU~cha taka ke ullekha milatA hai| bhAga kI pUjA karanI caahie| usake caraNoM tathA sIMgoM vaikuNTha-AgamasaMhitAoM ke siddhAntAnusAra vaikuNTha sabase ko candana se suvAsita jala se dhonA tathA paurANika mantroM U~ce svarga ko kahate haiN| koI jIvAtmA jJAnalAbha tathA se usake zarIrAvayavoM kI ArAdhanA karanI cAhie / cUMki mokSa prApti IzvarakRpA ke binA nahIM kara sktaa| Izvara- naraka loka meM manuSya gau kI sahAyatA se hI vaitaraNI nadI kRpA aura bhakti se vaha Izvara meM vilIna nahIM hotA, apitu ko pAra karatA hai, ataeva yaha ekAdazI, jisako gau kI vaikuNTha meM Izvara kA sAyujya prApta karatA hai| pUjA hotI hai, vaitaraNI ekAdazI kahalAtI hai| isa vrata vaikuNThacaturvazI-(1) kArtika zukla caturdazI / isa dina kA Ayojana varSa ke cAra-cAra mAsoM ke tIna bhAgoM meM bhagavAn viSNu kI pUjA rAtri meM kI jAnI caahie| de0 karanA cAhie / mArgazIrSa mAsa ke prathama bhAga meM ubAlA nirNayasindhu, 206 / huA cAvala, dvitIya meM pakAyA huA jau tathA tRtIya bhAga (2) kArtika zukla caturdazI ko hemalamba saMvatsara ke meM khIra apita karanI cAhie / kUla naivedya kA savAyA bhAga samaya bhagavAn vizvezvara ne brAhma muhUrta meM kAzI ke maNi- gau ko, savAyA bhAga purohita ko tathA zeSa bhAga svayaM kaNikA tIrtha meM snAna kiyA thaa| unhoMne pAzupata vrata vratI ko grahaNa karanA caahie| varSa ke anta meM paryaGkopabhI kiyA thA tathA umA ke sAtha vizvezvara kI pUjA tathA yogI vastra, sone kI gau tathA eka droNa lohA purohita sthApanA bhI kI thii| ko dAna karanA cAhie / vaikhAnasa-(1) vAnaprastha (tRtIya AzramI) ke lie prAraMbha vaitAnazrautasUtra-atharvaveda kA eka mAtra zrautasUtra yahI upameM vaikhAnasa zabda kA prayoga hotA thaa| vaikhAnasa 'vikha- labdha hai| nas' se banA hai, jisakA artha niyamoM kA paramparAgata vaidikazAktamata-nigamAnumodita tAntrika vidhAna hI vaidika racayitA hai| gautamadharmasUtra (3.26) meM uparyukta artha zAkta mata, dakSiNa mArga athavA dakSiNAcAra kahA jAtA hai| meM yaha zabda vyavahRta huA hai| Rgveda ke AThaveM aSTaka ke antima sUkta meM "iyaM zuSmebhiH" (2) paurANika RSiyoM kA samUha, jo paJcaviMza brAhmaNa prabhRti mantroM se pahale nadI kA stavana hai, phira devatA rUpa (14.4.7) ke anusAra 'rahasya devamalimluca' dvArA muni- meM mahAzakti evaM sarasvatI kA stavana hai| sAmaveda vAcaM 10

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608 vaitAnasUtra-vairadeya yamavrata meM "huvAi vAm' ityAdi tathA jyotiSToma meM meM huA tathA isI kI rataha cIna Adi dezoM se bhArata meM "vAgvisarjana" stoma AtA hai| araNyagAna meM bhI isake vAmAcAra kA bhI Agamana huA / gAna hai| yajurveda ke eka sthala (2.2) meM "sarasvatyai svAhA' vaitAnasUtra-atharvaveda ke pAMca sUtra grantha hai-kauzikasUtra, mantra se Ahuti dene kA vidhAna hai, pA~caveM adhyAya ke tAnasUtra, nakSatrakalpasUtra, AGgirasakalpasUtra aura zAntisolahaveM mantra meM pRthivI aura aditi deviyoM kI carcA kalpasUtra / 'vaitAnasUtra' meM ayanAnta niSpAdya, trayIvihita hai| satrahaveM adhyAya, mantra 55 meM pA~coM dizAoM se darzapUrNamAsayajJAdi karmoM ke brahmA, brAhmaNAcchaMsI, AgnIdhra vighna-bAdhA nivAraNa ke lie indra, varuNa, yama, soma, aura hotA ina cAra RtvijoM ke kartavya batAye gaye haiN| brahmA, ina pA~ca devatAoM kI zaktiyoM (deviyoM) kA AvA- vaidikasiddhAntasaMgraha-advaita matAvalambI nRsiMhAzrama sarahana kiyA gayA hai| atharvaveda ke cauthe kANDa ke tIsaveM svatI ke granthoM meM yaha racanA bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa sthAna sUkta meM (ahaM rudrebhiH vasubhiH carAmi aham Adityai ruta rakhatI hai| isameM brahmA, viSNu aura ziva kI ekatA siddha vizvadevaH) mahAzakti kahatI hai ki maiM samasta devatAoM ke kI gayI hai aura batalAyA gayA hai ki ye tInoM eka hI sAtha hU~, sabameM vyApta rahatI huuN| kenopaniSad meM "bahu parabrahma kI abhivyakti mAtra haiM / / zobhamAnA umA haimavatI" brahmavidyA mahAzakti dvArA prakaTa vaidyanAthadhAma-vihAra pradezastha prasiddha zaiva tIrtha / vaidyanAtha hokara brahma nirdeza karanA varNita hai / atharvazIrSa, devIsUkta dvAdaza jyotiliGgoM meM haiN| 51 zaktipIThoM meM yaha eka aura zrIsUkta to zakti ke hI stavana haiN| vaidika zAkta pITha bhI hai| kucha loga haidarAbAda ke samIpastha paralI ghoSita karate haiM ki dazopaniSadoM meM dasoM mahAvidyAoM kA vaidyanAtha ko dvAdaza jyotiliGgoM meM mAnate haiN| kintu brahmarUpa meM varNana hai| isa prakAra zAktamata kA AdhAra "vaidyanAthaM citAbhUmau" ke anusAra yahI mukhya vaidyanAtha hai / zruti hI hai| isa sthAna kA anya nAma devaghara hai / apanI kAmanAoM ko devIbhAgavata, devIpurANa, kAlikApurANa, mArkaNDeyapurANa pUrNa karane ke lie loga mandira meM dharanA dekara nirjala zakti ke mAhAtmya se hI vyApta haiN| mahAbhArata tathA par3e rahate haiN| jo barAbara Tike rahate haiM unakI kAmanA rAmAyaNa meM devI kI stutiyA~ haiM aura adbhuta rAmAyaNa pUrNa hotI hai / yahA~ darzanIya sthAna gaurImandira, kArtikeyameM to akhila vizva kI jananI sItAjI kA parAtpara mandira Adi haiN| zaktivAlA rUpa prakaTa karake bahuta sundara stuti kI gayI vainAyakIcaturthI-pratyeka caturthI ko yaha vrata hotA hai| isameM hai| prAcIna pAJcarAtra mata kA 'nAradapaJcarAtra' prasiddha dina meM upavAsa tathA rAta meM candrodaya ke pazcAt bhojana vaiSNava grantha hai| usameM dasoM mahAvidyAoM kI kathA karane kI vidhi hai| vistAra se kahI gayI hai / nidAna, zruti-smRti meM zakti kI vaiyAsikanyAyamAlA-vyAsa racita brahmasUtra ke viSayoM kI upAsanA jahA~-tahA~ usI prakAra prakaTa hai, jisa taraha viSNu mAlA / AcArya bhAratI tIrtha zAGkaramata ke anuyAyI the / aura ziva kI upAsanA dekhI jAtI hai| isase spaSTa hai ki unhoMne isa mata kI vyAkhyA karane ke lie hI 'vaiyAsikazAktamata ke vartamAna sAmpradAyika rUpa kA AdhAra zruti- nyAyamAlA' kI racanA kI / zAGkaramatAnusAra brahmasUtra kA smRti haiM aura yaha mata utanA hI prAcIna hai jitanA vaidika tAtparya samajhane ke lie yaha grantha bar3A upayogI mAnA sAhitya / usakI vyApakatA to itanI hai ki jitane sampra- jAtA hai / yaha grantha sarala aura subodha gadya-padyoM meM likhA dAyoM kA varNana Upara kiyA gayA hai ve saba binA apa- gayA hai| vAda ke apane upAsya kI zaktiyoM ko parama upAsya vairadeya-saMhitAoM tathA brAhmaNoM meM isakA artha aisA dhana mAnate haiM aura eka na eka rUpa meM zakti kI upAsanA hai, jo kisI manuSya kA prANa lene ke badale meM usake sambakarate haiN| jahA~ taka zaivamata vedabodhita niyamoM para dhiyoM ko denA pdd'e| yaha artha Apastamba tathA baudhAyana AdhArita hai, vahA~ taka zAktamata bhI vaisA hI niyamAnu zAktamata bhA vasA hI niyamAnu- sUtroM meM bhI prayukta haA hai| donoM ne hI kSatriya kI hatyA modita hai| ke lie 1000 gaue~, vaizya ke lie 100 gaue~ tathA zUdra isa vaidika zAktamata kA pracAra yahA~ se pArzvavartI dezoM ke lie 10 gaue~ harjAnA nizcita kiyA hai tathA pratyeka

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vairAgI-vaizeSika 609 dazA meM eka baila bhI dene kA nirdeza kiyA hai| yaha artha- ko bAhara nikAlA thaa| vaizAkha zukla saptamI ko bhagavAn dAna 'vairaniryAtana' ke lie hotA thaa| buddha kA janma huA thA, ataeva saptamI se tIna dina taka Rgveda meM (2.32.4) eka vyakti ke badale meM 100 unakI pratimA kA pUjana kiyA jAnA cAhie / yaha vizeSa gauoM ke dAna kA nirdeza hai| ise zatadAya kahate the / / rUpa se usa samaya honA cAhie jaba puSya nakSatra ho / vaizAkha nissandeha yaha mUlya ghaTatA-bar3hatA thaa| kintu aitareya brAhmaNa zukla aSTamI ko durgAjI, jo aparAjitA bhI kahalAtI meM zunaHzepa ke kraya ke badale 100 gauoM kA dAya vaNita __ hai, kI pratimA ko kapUra tathA jaTAmAMsI se suvAsita jala hai / yajurveda meM punaH 'zatadAya' uddhRta huA hai / paravartI se snAna karAnA cAhie / isa samaya vratI svayaM Ama ke kAla meM hatyA ke lie daNDa aura prAyazcitta donoM kA rasa se snAna kre|| vidhAna thaa| vaizAkhI pUrNimA ko brahmAjI ne zveta tathA kRSNa tiloM vairAgI-svAmI rAmAnanda ne jo sampradAya sthApita kiyA kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| ataeva usa dina donoM prakAra ke usake saMnyAsiyoM ke lie unhoMne sarala anuzAsana tiloM se yukta jala se vratI snAna kare, agni meM tiloM kI (pavitratA aura AcAra ke sAttvika niyama ) nizcita Ahuti de, tila, madhu tathA tiloM se bharA huA pAtra dAna kiye| ye saMnyAsI rAmAnandI vaiSNava vairAgI kahalAte haiN| meM de / isI prakAra ke vidhi-vidhAna ke lie de0 viSNuye virakta sAdhu hote haiM tathA inake maTha kAzI, ayodhyA dharma0, 90.10 / bhagavAn buddha kI vaizAkhapUjA 'dattha citrakUTa, mithilA tathA anya sthAnoM meM haiN| gAmaNI' (lagabhaga 100-77 I0 pU0) nAmaka vyakti ne laMkA vaizampAyana-vedavyAsa ke cAra vaidika ziSyoM meM yajurveda ke meM prArambha karAyI thI / de. vAlapola rAhula ( kolambo, mukhya adhyetA / mahIdhara ne apane yajurbhASya meM likhA hai ki 1956 ) dvArA racita 'buddhijma ina sIlona', pR0 80 / vaizampAyana ne yAjJavalkya Adi ziSyoM ko vedAdhyayana vaizAlAkSanItizAstra-rAjanIti zAstra bhArata kA ati karAyA / pIche kisI kAraNa unhoMne kruddha hokara yAjJavalkya prAcIna jJAna hai| isa para sarvaprathama prajApati ne daNDase apanA par3hAyA huA veda vApasa mA~gA / yogI yAjJavalkya ne nIti nAmaka bRhadAkAra pustaka likhI, jo aba durlabha hai| vidyA ko mUrtimatI karake vamana kara diyaa| vaizampAyana ne usI kA saMkSiptIkaraNa vaizAlAkSanItizAstra hai| yaha bhI apane anya ziSyoM ko ina vAnta yajuoM ko grahaNa karane prApta nahIM hai| punaH isakA saMkSiptIkaraNa bAhudantaka kI AjJA dii| unhoMne tItara banakara unako cuna liyaa| nAmaka grantha meM huA jo bhISma pitAmaha ke samaya meM bAhaisIlie isakA nAma 'taittirIya saMhitA' pdd'aa| prAcIna spatya zAstra ke nAma se prasiddha thaa| mAnavatA ke vikAsa kAla ke do dhanurveda granthoM kA uddharaNa bahuta prApta hotA hai, ke sAtha jIvana meM vyastatA bar3hane lagI tathA vyasta jIvana ve haiM vaizampAyana kA dhanurveda tathA vRddha zAGgadhara kA dhnurved| ko dekhate hue kramazaH ye grantha saMkSipta hote hI gaye / aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM pANini ne jina pUrva vaiyAkaraNoM vaizAlAkSa ( vizAla A~khoM vAle arthAta ziva ) kA nItikA nAmollekha kiyA hai unameM vaizampAyana bhI eka haiN| zAstra zivapraNIta kahA jAtA hai| kauTilya ne arthazAstra vaizAkhakRtya-isa mAsa ke kucha mahattvapUrNa vrata, jaise akSaya- meM vaizAlAkSa siddhAntoM ko bahudhA uddhRta kiyA hai| tRtIyA Adi kA pRthak varNana kiyA jA cukA hai| kucha vaizeSika-vaizeSika darzana kA astitva vikrama kI pahalI choTe-moTe tathyoM kA yahA~ varNana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa zatAbdI meM thaa| yaha isase bhI prAcIna ho sakatA hai / mAsa meM prAtaH snAna kA vidhAna hai| vizeSa rUpa se isa vaizeSika sUtroM ke racayitA kaNAda kAzyapa kahe jAte haiN| avasara para pavitra saritAoM meM snAna kI AjJA dI gayI vaizeSika tathA nyAya darzana sAtha hI sAtha vikasita hue hai / isa sambandha meM padmapurANa (4.85.41-70) kA kathana tathA donoM sUtra eka dUsare ke bahuta hI nikaTa prasaMga ko hai ki vaizAkha mAsa meM prAtaH snAna kA mahattva azvamedha dhyAna meM rakhate hue likhe gaye haiN| vaizeSika darzana pArayajJa ke samAna hai| isake anusAra zukla pakSa kI saptamI mANavika (aNuvijJAnI) yathArthavAda hai| dravyoM ke nava ko gaMgAjI kA pUjana karanA cAhie, kyoMki isI tithi prakAra yahA~ mAne gaye haiN| pahale cAra prakAroM ke paramANu ko maharSi jahna ne apane dakSiNa karNa se gaMgAjI kahe gaye haiN| pratyeka paramANu parivartanahIna, nitya, phira

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610 vaizeSika-vaizya bhI adRzya tathA AkRtihIna hotA hai| ye paramANu cAra vaizeSika-nyAya-gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke bAda nyAya tathA zreNiyoM meM gaMdha, svAda, sparza tathA USmA guNoM ke kAraNa vaizeSika vastutaH eka meM mila gye| donoM kA saMyoga vibhakta kiye gaye haiM, jo kramazaH pRthvI, jala, vAyu tathA zivAditya ke 'saptapadArthanirUpaNa' (11vIM zatAbdA) se agni ke guNa haiM / do paramANuoM se eka dvayaNuka' tathA tIna Arambha hotA hai| gaMgeza upAdhyAya kI 'nyAyacintAmaNi' dvayaNukoM se eka vyaNuka ( trasareNu ) banatA hai| sabase meM isI sammilana ke Adarza kA pAlana huA hai| yaha choTI ikAI yahI hai jo rUpavAn hotI hai tathA ise padArtha 12vIM zatAbdI kA bahuprayukta grantha hai| terahavIM zatI ke kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| kezava ke 'tarkabhASA' tathA 15vIM zatI ke zaGkara mizra ke 'vaizeSikasUtropaskAra' meM isI saMyoga kI ceSTA huI hai| pA~cavIM nitya sattA AkAza hai jo adRzya paramANuoM ko mUrta padArtha meM badalane kA mAdhyama hai| chaThA satya kAla 1600 I0 ke lagabhaga nyAya-vaizeSika kI saMyukta hai / yaha vaha zakti hai jo sabhI kArya tathA parivartana karatI zAkhA se sambandhita annam bhaTTa, vizvanAtha pazcAnana, hai tathA do samayoM ke antara kA AdhAra upasthita karatI jagadIza tathA laugAkSibhAskara nAmaka AcArya hue| hai / sAtavAM satya dik yA dizA hai| yaha kAla ko baGgAla meM navya nyAya kI praNAlI kA prArambha vAsudeva saMtulita karatI hai| AThavA~ satya agaNita AtmAoM kA sArvabhauma ke dvArA huA jo navadvIpa (nadiyA) meM adhyApaka hai| pratyeka AtmA nitya tathA vibhu hai| navA~ satya (1470-1480 I0) the / inakI bauddhika svataMtratA inake hai 'manas' jisake mAdhyama se AtmA jJAnendriyoM ke ziSya raghunAtha ziromaNi ne ghoSita kraayii| isa prakAra sparza meM AtA hai| paramANuoM kI taraha pratyeka mana 17vIM zatI ke anta taka tarka zAstra kA uttarAdhikAra nitya tathA rUpahIna hai| karmamImAMsA tathA sAMkhya kI calatA AyA / taraha prArambhika vaizeSika bhI devamaNDala ke astitva vaizeSikasUtrabhASya-vaizeSika sUtra para likhA huA yaha ko svIkAra karatA hai / sUtra meM chaH padArthoM ke nAma haiM : prathama bhASya hai, jise prazastapAda (650 vi0 ke lagabhaga) dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa tathA samavAya / ina ne prastuta kiyaa| isa bhASya ke adhyayana ke binA vaizeSika chahoM kA jJAna mokSadAtA hai| 600 I0 ke lagabhaga sUtroM ko samajhanA asambhava hai| prazastapAda nAmaka AcArya ne vaizeSika sUtroM para bhASya vaizeSikasUtropaskAra---zaGkara mizra dvArA viracita yaha grantha likhA / hvenasA~ga ne 'daza padArtha' kA anuvAda kiyA, vaizeSika sUtra kA upabhASya hai| isameM nyAya tathA vaizeSika jise jJAnacakra dvArA cInI bhASA meM anuvAdita khaa| ko eka meM milAne kA prayAsa huA / gayA hai| vaizya-cAra varNoM meM tIsarA sthAna vaizya kA hai| isakA dasavIM zatAbdI ke madhya meM do ullekhanIya dArzanika prathama ullekha puruSasUkta meM huA hai (R0 10.9.12) / vaizeSika darzana ke vyAkhyAkAra hue| unameM se prathama the isake pazcAt atharvaveda Adi meM isakA prayoga bahulatA se udayana jo bahuta hI zaktizAlI evaM spaSTa pratibhA ke kiyA gayA hai| Rgveda meM kahA gayA hai ki vaizya kI dArzanika the| inhoMne prazastapAda bhASya ke samarthana meM utpatti virAT puruSa kI jaMghAoM se huii| isa rUpaka se kiraNAvalI nAmaka grantha rcaa| inakA dUsarA grantha hai jJAta hotA hai ki vaizya sAmAjika jIvana kA stambha mAnA lkssnnaavlii| dUsare granthakAra the zrIdhara, jo dakSiNa- jAtA thaa| vaidika sAhitya meM vaizya kI sthiti kA varNana pazcima vaMga ke nivAsI the| inhoMne prazastapAda ke bhASya aitareya brAhmaNa (7.29) karatA hai; vaizya 'anyasya balikRt' kI nyAyakandalI nAmaka vyAkhyA rcii| yaha 991 I0 (dUsare ko bali dene vAlA ), 'anyasyAdya:' (dUsare kA ke lagabhaga racI gyii| isake bAda nyAya-vaizeSika donoM upajIvya) hai| usa para rAjA dvArA kara lagAyA jAtA saMyukta darzana ekatra ho gaye / (Age kA vikAsa 'vaizeSika- thaa| vaizya sAdhAraNataH kRSaka, pazupAlaka evaM vyavasAyanyAya' zabda kI vyAkhyA meM dekheN|) vANijya kartA hote the| taittirIya saMhitA ke anusAra vaizeSika darzana-de0 'vaizeSika' / vaMzyoM kI mahattvAkAMkSA grAmaNI banane ko hotI thii|

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veSNavatoSiNI-vaiSNavamata yaha pada rAjA kI ora se dhanI vaizyoM ko pradAna kiyA kA sAdhana hai| 'jJAnAmRtasAra' meM chaH prakAra kI bhakti kahI jAtA thA / vaizyoM ke kSatriya athavA brAhmaNa pada prApta karane gayI hai-smaraNa, kIrtana, vandana, pAdasevana, arcana aura kA udAharaNa nahIM prApta hotaa| Atmanivedana, / bhAgavatapurANa se (7.5.23-24) zravaNa, dharmasUtroM aura smRtiyoM meM vaizyoM ke sAmAnya aura dAsya aura sakhya ye tIna prakAra aura milAkara nava prakAra vizeSa do prakAra ke kartavya batalAye gaye haiM / sAmAnya kI bhakti mAnI jAtI hai| sambhavataH bhAgavatamata kI aneka kartavya hai, adhyayana, yajana aura dAna / vizeSa kartavya hai| zAkhAoM kA astitva zaGkarasvAmI ke samaya meM bhI rahA kRSi, gorakSA (gopAlana) aura vANijya / vaizya varNa ke hogA, kintu sabakA mUla siddhAnta eka hI hone se zaGkaraantargata aneka jAtiyoM aura upajAtiyoM kA samAveza hai| svAmI ne zAkhAoM kI carcA nahIM kii| vaiSNava sampradAyoM vaizyoM kA zUdroM ke sAtha adhika samparka bar3hane aura ke itihAsa se bhI patA calatA hai ki unakI sattA kA anyatra dhArmika kaThora AcAra (kRcchrAcAra) bar3hane ke kAraNa mUla atyanta prAcIna hai, yadyapi unake mukhya pracAraka vA dhIre-dhIre bahuta-sI kRSi tathA gopAlana karane vAlI AcArya bAda ke haiN| zaGkarAcArya ke pazcAt vaiSNavoM ke jAtiyoM kI gaNanA zUdroM meM hone lagI aura kevala vANijya cAra sampradAya vizeSa vikasita dikhalAI par3ate haiN| zrIvaiSNava karane vAlI jAtiyA~ hI vaizya mAnI jAne lagI / dharma- sampradAya, mAdhva sampradAya, rudra sampradAya aura sanakazAstroM ke antima caraNa meM 'kalivarya' ke antargata yaha sampradAya / ina cAroM kA AdhAra zruti hai aura darzana mata pratipAdita huA ki kali meM kevala do varNa brAhmaNa aura vedAnta hai / purAnA sAhitya eka hI hai, kevala vyAkhyA zUdra hai, kSatriya aura vaizya varNa nhiiN| aisA lagatA hai aura bAhyAcAra meM paraspara antara hone se sampradAya bheda ki bIca meM ina vargoM meM AcAra ke zithila ho jAne ke utpanna ho gaye haiM / mahAbhAratakAla se lekara Adi zaGkakAraNa yaha mAnyatA pracalita huii| rAcArya ke samaya taka pAJcarAtra aura bhAgavata dharma kA rUpa vaiSNavatoSiNI-caitanyadeva ke ziSya sanAtana gosvAmI samAna hI rahA hogA / kyoMki zaGkarAcArya ne eka hI nAma dvArA yaha vyAkhyA grantha bhAgavata purANa ke dazama skandha para se inakI AlocanA kI hai| parantu isake pazcAt sambhavRndAvana meM racA gyaa| vaiSNavatoSiNI kA anya nAma vataH samaya-samaya para AcAryoM ke siddhAntoM kI bhinna roti dazamaTippaNI bhI hai| se vyAkhyA karane ke kAraNa bhAgavata aura pAJcarAtra kI vaiSNavadAsa-caitanya sampradAya ke prArambhika aThArahavIM zatI zAkhAe~ svatantra bana gayIM, jo kAla pAkara sampradAyoM ke ke eka vaMgadezIya AcArya / inhoMne 'padakalpataru' nAmaka rUpa meM prakaTa huii| grantha racA hai| vaiSNava purANoM meM viSNupurANa, brahmavaivartapurANa, harivaiSNavapurANa-viSNu, bhAgavata, nAradIya, brahmavaivarta, padma vaMza aura zrImadbhAgavata meM viSNu, nArAyaNa, yAdava kRSNa aura garuDa vaiSNava purANa haiN| aura gopAla kRSNa ke caritoM kA kaI pahaluoM se varNana hai / vaiSNavamata-mukhya rUpa se viSNu kI upAsanA karane kA maarg| jaisA nAma se prakaTa hai, zrImadbhAgavata hI saba purANoM meM isake anya nAma bhAgavatamata tathA pAzcarAtramata bhI haiN| bhAgavata sampradAya kA mukhya grantha samajhA jAnA caahie| bhAgavata sampradAya mahAbhAratakAla meM bhI vartamAna thaa| prAcIna bhAgavata sampradAya kA avazeSa Aja bhI dakSiNa kahanA cAhie ki lagabhaga kRSNAvatAra ke samaya hI pAJca- bhArata meM vidyamAna hai| draviDa, tailaGga, karNATaka aura mahArAtramata sAtvatoM ke bhAgavatamata meM pariNata ho gyaa| rASTra ke bahuta se vaiSNava gopIcandana kI rekhA vAle Urdhvaparantu bauddhoM ke jora-zora meM prAyaH isa mata kA bhI hrAsa puNDra ko mastaka meM dhAraNa kiye hue prAyaH milate haiN| ye samajhA jAnA cAhie / jo kucha avaziSTa thA usakA loga nAradabhaktisUtra evaM zANDilyabhaktisUtroM ke anuyAyI khaNDana zaGkara svAmI ne kiyA / 'nAradapaJcarAtra' aura haiN| inakI upaniSadeM vAsudeva evaM gopIcandana hai| 'jJAnAmRtasAra' se patA calatA hai ki bhAgavatadharma kI inakA purANa bhAgavatapurANa hai| mahArASTra deza meM isa paramparA bauddhadharma ke phailane para bhI naSTa nahIM ho paayii| sampradAya ke pUrvAcArya jJAnezvara samajhe jAte haiM / jisa taraha isa mata ke anusAra haribhajana hI parama kartavya aura mukti yogamArga meM jJAnezvara nAtha sampradAya ke anuyAyI mAne

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612 vaiSNavamatAbjabhAskara-vrajavAsIdAsa jAte haiM, usI taraha bhaktimArga meM ve viSNusvAmI sampradAya gavya se nadI meM snAna karanA caahie| aSTAdaza bhujA ke ziSya mAne jAte haiN| parantu viSNusvAmI ke mata meM vAlI vyatIpAta kI AkRti banAkara, suvarNakamala meM sthArAdhA-gopAla kI upAsanA kA vizeSa pracalana hai| pita kara gandhAkSata-puSpAdi se usakA pUjana karanA caahie| vaiSNavamatAbjabhAskara-sItArAmopAsaka vaiSNava sampradAya ke usa dina upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| eka varSaparyanta yaha vrata pradhAnAcArya svAmI rAmAnandajI mahArAja ne vaiSNavadharma ke calanA cAhie / terahaveM vyatIpAta ke samaya udyApana karanA saMrakSaNa ke lie vaiSNavamatAbjabhAskara nAmaka grantha kI / caahie| agni meM sau ghRta AhutiyoM ke atirikta dugdha, racanA kI hai| isameM vaiSNavoM ke dainika AcAra aura tila, samidhAoM ke havana ke bAda ghRta kI dhArA DAlate bhajana-pUjana kA bhalI bhA~ti nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| hae 'vyatIpAtAya svAhA" zabda kA uccAraNa karanA vaiSNavasampradAya-de0 'vaissnnvmt'| caahie| kahA jAtA hai ki vyatIpAta sUrya tathA candra kA vaiSNavavAGamaya-Rgveda (10.90) ke puruSasUkta meM isakI Arambhika upalabdhi hotI hai| mahAnArAyaNa upaniSad, vyAsapUjA-ASAr3ha kI pUrNimA ke dina isa vrata kA anumahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa tathA bhagavadgItA isakA sAdhAraNa ThAna hotA hai / vizeSa rUpa se saMnyAsiyoM, yatiyoM, sAdhaoM sAhitya hai| bhAgavata loga uparyukta granthoM ke atirikta tathA tapasviyoM ke lie isakA mahattva hai| de0 smRtikosabhI smArta granthoM meM ruci rakhate haiM / bhAgavata sampradAya ke stubha, 144-145; puruSArthacintAmaNi, 284 / tamilanADu jo vizeSa grantha haiM, unakA yahA~ ullekha kiyA jAtA hai| meM jyeSTha zukla 15 (mithunArka) ko isakA Ayojana kiyA isakA sabase prAcIna grantha harivaMza hai| vaikhAnasasaMhitA, jAtA hai| skanda upaniSad, bhAgavata purANa, nAradabhaktisUtra, zANDilya- vyomavata-isake lie zveta candana kA a~gUThe aura a~gulI bhaktisUtra, vAsudeva evaM gopIcandana upaniSad, vopadeva kRta ke jor3a jaisA kuNDalAkAra AkAza banAkara sUrya ke sammukha muktAphala tathA harilIlA, zrIdhara svAmI (1400 I0) rakhanA cAhie / karavIra ke puSpoM se sUrya kA pUjana karanA kRta bhAgavatabhAvArthadIpikA tathA zukasudhI kRta zukrapakSIyA cAhie tathA AkAza kI AkRti ke pUrva, dakSiNa, pazcima vyAkhyA evaM vedAnta sUtra telugu meM) Adi grantha isa sampra- tathA uttara meM kramazaH kesara, agara, zveta candana tathA dAya se sambandhita haiN| 'catuHsama' aura kendra meM rakta candana lagAnA cAhie / vaiSNavAcAra-tAntrika gaNa sAta prakAra ke AcAroM meM isakA mantra hai 'khakholkAya namaH / ' sarya isake devatA haiN| vibhakta haiM, unameM vaiSNavAcAra bhI eka hai / isameM vedAcAra vraja-gauoM kA bAr3A athavA pazucAraNa kA sthAna (carAkI vidhi ke anusAra sarvadA niyamatatpara rahanA hotA hai, gAha) / rUDha prasaMga meM isakA artha hai vaha sthAna jahA~ kRSNa madya, mathuna vA usakA kathAprasaGga bhI kabhI nahIM kiyA ne gaue~ carAyIM, arthAt mathurA aura vRndAvana ke Asa-pAsa jAtA / hiMsA, nindA, kuTilatA aura mAMsa bhojana kA kA bhamaNDala / yaha pazcimI uttara pradeza kA yamunAtaTasadA parityAga hotA hai| rAtri meM kabhI mAlA tathA mantra vartI kSetra hai, jahA~ viSNu ke avatAra zrI kRSNa ne bAlakA upayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA / de0 'AcArabheda' / lIlAyeM kI thiiN| vrajamaNDala bar3A pavitra mAnA jAtA hai / vopedeva-terahavIM zatI ke anta meM mahArASTra meM bopadeva bhaktikAla ke pramukha AcArya svAmI haridAsa, hita harinAmaka eka vyutpanna vidvAn kA udaya huaa| inhoMne bhAga- vaMza aura aSTachApa ke AThoM kavi yahIM hue / yahA~ vata purANa para aneka grantha rce| unameM se harilIlA bolI jAne vAlI bhASA ko 'vrajabhASA' kahate haiN| tathA muktAphala adhika prasiddha hai| harilIlA meM bhAgavata isameM aneka kRSNapremI kaviyoM ne madhura racanAe~ kI haiM / purANa kA sArAMza hai tathA muktAphala isakI zikSAoM kA yaha hindI sAhitya kA eka ati udAtta, sarasa aura mahasaMgraha hai| ttvapUrNa aGga hai| vyatIpAtavrata-vyatIpAta paJcAGgastha yogoM (viSkambha, prIti vrajavAsIdAsa-rAdhA-kRSNa evaM gvAla-bAloM ke bAlajIvana ityAdi) meM se hai| dharmazAstra meM isakI kaI prakAra se tathA prema ko AdhAra banAkara inhoMne vrajavilAsa nAmaka vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / vyatIpAta ke dina manuSya ko paJca- grantha kI racanA 1800vi0 ke lagabhaga kii|

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vrajavilAsa-zakti upAsanA vrajavilAsa-saMta vrajavAsIdAsa kRta vrajabhASA kA loka- zakti-zakti kI kalpanA tathA ArAdhanA bhAratIya dharma kI kAvya / yaha grantha brajabhUmi ke mAhAtmya tayA kRSNa ke atyanta purAnI aura sthAyI paramparA hai| aneka rUpoM meM bAlacaritroM kA dohA-caupAiyoM meM varNana karatA hai| zakti kI kalpanA huI hai, pradhAnataH mAtRrUpa meN| isakA bhaktoM kI isake paThana kI tIvra lAlasA rahatI hai| vizeSa pallavana purANoM aura tantroM meM huA / harivaMza aura vrataSaSTi-matsyapurANa (101) aura padmapurANa (5.20. mArkaNDeya purANa ke devImAhAtmya meM devI athavA zakti 43) meM mahattvapUrNa 60 vratoM kA ullekha milatA hai, jina kA vizeSa varNana aura vivecana kiyA gayA hai| devI ko sabakA ullekha kRtyakalpataru meM huA hai / upaniSadoM kA brahma tathA ekamAtra sattA batalAyA gayA hai / dUsare deva isI kI vibhinna abhivyaktiyA~ hai| daivI zakti kA yaha siddhAnta yahA~ sarvaprathama vyakta huA hai| isa za-USmavarNoM kA prathama akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isake prakAra vaha ( zakti ) vizeSa pUjA tathA ArAdhanA ke svarUpa kA varNana nimnAMkita hai : yogya hai / manuSya jaba kucha apanI manoratha pUrti karAnA zakAraM paramezAni zRNu varNa zucismite / cAhegA to usI se anunaya-vinaya karegA, ziva se nahIM / raktavaNaprabhAkAraM svayaM paramakuNDalI / / zAkta sAhitya meM zaktirahita ziva ko zavatulya caturvargapradaM devi zakAraM brahmavigraham / batAyA gayA hai| zakti hI ziva yA brahma kI vizuddha paJcadevamayaM varNa paJcaprANAtmaka priye / / kAryakSamatA hai| arthAt vahI sRSTi evaM pralayakI hai tathA saba daivI kRpA tathA mokSa pradAna usI ke kArya haiM / isa rajaHsattvatamo yuktaM tribindusahitaM sadA / prakAra zakti ziva se bhI adhika mahattvapUrNa hai| zakti trizaktisahitaM varNamAtmAditattvasaMyutam / / se hI vizeSaNa 'zAkta' banatA hai jo zakti-upAsaka samprayoginItantra (tRtIya bhAga, saptama paTala ) meM isake dAya kA nAma hai / zakti brahmatulya hai| zakti aura brahma nimnalikhita vAcaka batalAye gaye hai : kA eka mAtra antara yaha hai ki zakti kriyAzIla bhAga hai zaH savyazca kAmarUpI kAmarUpo mahAmatiH / tathA brahma ko sabhI utpanna vastuoM tathA jIvoM ke rUpa meM maukhyanAmA kumAro'sthi zrIkaNTho vRSaketanaH / / vaha vyakta vA dyotita karatI hai| jabaki brahma avyakta evaM viSaghnaM zayanaM zAntA subhagA visphuliGginI / niSkriya hai / dhArmika dRSTi se vaha brahma se zreSTha hai / zakti mRtyudevo mahAlakSmIrmahendraH kulakaulinI / mUla prakRti hai tathA sArA vizva usI (zakti) kA prakaTa bAhuhaMso viyad vakraM hRdanaGgAMkuzaH khlH| rUpa hai / de0 'yoga', 'kriyA', 'bhUti' / vAmoruH puNDarIkAtmA kAntiH kalyANavAcakaH / / zakti upAsanA-purANoM ke parizIlana se patA calatA hai zakuntalA-zatapatha brAhmaNa (13.5.4.13) ke anusAra ki pratyeka sampradAya ke upAsya deva kI eka zakti hai| eka apsarA kA nAma, jisane bharata ko nADapita nAmaka gItA meM bhagavAn kRSNa apanI dvidhA prakRti, mAyA kI sthAna para janma diyA thaa| brAhmaNoM, mahAbhArata, purANoM bArambAra carcA karate haiM / purANoM meM to nArAyaNa aura aura paravartI sAhitya meM zakuntalA menakA nAmaka apsarA viSNu ke sAtha lakSmI ke, ziva ke sAtha zivA ke, sUrya ke se utpanna vizvAmitra kI putrI kahI gayI hai| menakA sAtha sAvitrI ke, gaNeza ke sAtha ambikA ke carita aura svarga lauTane ke pUrva putrI ko pRthvI para chor3a gayI, jisakA mAhAtmya vaNita haiM / inake pIche jaba sampradAyoM kA alagapAlana zakunta pakSiyoM ne kiyaa| isake pazcAt vaha kaNva alaga vikAsa hotA hai to pratyeka sampradAya apane upAsya RSi kI dharmaputrI haI aura unake Azrama meM hI pAlita kI zakti kI upAsanA karatA hai / isa taraha zakti upAaura zikSita huI / usakA gAndharva vivAha pauravavaMzI rAjA sanA kI eka samaya aisI prabala dhArA bahI ki sabhI sampraduSyanta se huA, jisase bharata kI utpatti huI / bharata cakra- dAyoM ke anuyAyI mukhya rUpa se nahIM to gauNa rUpa se vartI rAjA thA, jisake nAma para eka paramparA ke anusAra zAkta bana gaye / apane upAsya ke nAma se pahale zakti ke isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| smaraNa karane kI prathA cala pdd'ii| sItArAma, rAdhAkRSNa,

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zaktitantra-zaGkarAcArya lakSmInArAyaNa, umAmahezvara, gaurIgaNeza ityAdi nAma veda prakaTa kiye gaye hai| jagattAriNI devI caturvedamayI aura isI prabhAva ke sUcaka hai| sacamuca sArI Arya janatA kAlikA devI atharvavedAdhiSThAtrI hai, kAlI aura tArA ke kisI samaya zAkta thI aura isake do dala the; eka dala vinA atharvavedavihita koI kriyA nahIM ho sakatI / kerala meM zaiva, vaiSNava, saura, gANapatya Adi vaidika sampradAyoM ke deza meM kAlikA devI, kazmIra meM tripurA aura gauDa deza meM dakSiNAcArI the aura dUsarI ora bauddha, jaina aura avaidika tArA hI pazcAt kAlI rUpa meM upAsya hotI hai|" tAntrika sampradAyoM ke zAkta vAmAcArI the| itanA __ isa kathana se patA calatA hai ki inase pahale ke sAmpravyApaka pracAra hone ke kAraNa hI zAyada zAktoM kA koI dAyikoM meM, jinameM zAkta bhI zAmila haiM; aura ye avazya maTha yA gaddI nahIM bnii| inake pA~ca mahApITha yA 51 hI vaidika zAkta haiM-yaha tAntrika zAktadharma athavA pITha hI inake maTha samajhe jAne caahie| de0 'vaidika vAmAcAra bAda meM pracalita huaa| shaaktmt'| zaGkarajaya-mAdhavAcArya viracita isa grantha meM AcArya zaGkara zaktitantra-AgamatattvavilAsa meM uddhRta tantroM kI sUcI / kI jIvana sambandhI ghaTanAoM kA saGkalana saMkSipta rUpa meM meM zaktitantra bhI ullikhita hai| huA hai / parantu aitihAsika dRSTi se isako koI prAmANizaktiviziSTAdvaita-zrIkaNTha zivAcArya ne vAyavIya saMhitA katA nahIM hai / yaha uttama kAvya grantha hai| ke AdhAra para siddha kiyA hai ki bhagavAn mahezvara apane ko umA zakti se viziSTa kiye rahate haiN| isa zakti zaGkaradigvijaya -svAmI Ananda giri kRta zaGkaradigvijaya meM jIva aura jagat, cit aura acit, donoM kA bIja zaGkarAcArya kI jIvana ghaTanAoM kA kAvyAtmaka saMkalana upasthita rahatA hai| usI zakti se mahezvara carAcara sRSTi hai| yaha aitihAsika dRSTi se prAmANika nahIM hai / 'zaGkarakarate haiN| isa siddhAnta ko zaktiviziSTAdvaita kahate haiN| digvijaya' aura bhI kaI vidvAnoM ne likhe haiN| inameM mAdhavAvIra zaiva athavA liGgAyata isa zaktiviziSTAdvaita cArya evaM sadAnanda yogIndra ke nAma mukhya haiN| siddhAnta ko apanAte haiM / zAktoM ke anusAra zakti pari- zaGkara mizra-zaGkara mizra kA nAma bhI una cAra paNDitoM NAmI hai, vivarta nahIM hai / zAktoM kA vedAntamata zakti- meM hai, jinhoMne nyAya-vaizeSika darzanoM ko eka meM yukta karane viziSTAdvaita hai| ke lie tadanurUpa granthoM kA praNayana kiyA / zaGkara mizra ne zaktisaMgamatantra nepAla pradeza meM eka lAkha zlokoM vAlA isa kArya ko vaizeSikasUtropaskAra kI racanA dvArA ra pUrA kiyaa| yaha grantha 15vIM zatI meM racA gayA thaa| zaktisaGgamatantra pracalita hai| isa mahAtantra meM zAkta sampradAya kA varNana vistAra se milatA hai / isake uttara zaGkarAcArya-vedAnta darzana ke advaitavAda kA pracAra bhArata bhAga, pahale khaNDa, AThaveM paTala ke tIsare se lekara pacIsaveM meM yoM to bahuta prAcIna kAla se thA, parantu Age isakA zlokoM kA sAra yahA~ diyA jAtA hai : adhika Thosa pracAra zaGkarAcArya ke dvArA hI huA / isa "sRSTi kI suvidhA ke lie yaha prapaJca racA gayA hai| mata ke samarthaka pradhAna grantha inhIM ke race hue haiN| isI zAkta, saura, zaiva, gANapatya, vaiSNava, bauddha Adi yadyapi se zaGkarAcArya advaitamata ke pravartaka kahe jAte haiM aura advaitabhinna nAma hai, bhinna sampradAya haiM, parantu vAstava meM ye eka mata ko zAGkara mata athavA zAGkara darzana bhI kahate haiM / hI vastu hai / vidhi ke bheda se bhinna dIkhate haiN| inameM para- brahmasUtra para Aja jitane bhASya upalabdha haiM unameM sabase spara nindA, dveSa isa prapaJca ke lie hI hai| nindaka kI prAcIna zAGkarabhASya hI hai aura usI kA sabase adhika siddhi nahIM hotI / jo aikya mAnate haiM unhIM ko unake Adara bhI hai / zaGkara ke jo grantha milate haiM tathA yatra-tatra sampradAya se siddhi milatI hai| kAlI aura tArA kI unakI jIvana sambandhI jo ghaTanAe~ jJAta hotI haiM, unase upAsanA isI aikya kI siddhi ke lie kI jAtI hai / yaha spaSTa hai ki ve alaukika pratibhA ke vyakti the| unameM mahAzakti bhale, bure; sundara aura krUra donoM ko dhAraNa prakANDa pANDitya, gambhIra vicAra zailI, pracaNDa karmakaratI hai| yahI mata prakaTa karane ke lie zAstra kA kIrtana zIlatA, agAdha bhagavadbhakti, sarvottama tyAga, adbhuta kiyA gayA hai / isa ekatva pratipAdana ke lie hI cAroM yogaizvarya Adi aneka guNoM kA durlabha samuccaya thA /

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zaGkarAcArya 615 kerala se calakara zaGkara narmadAtaTa para Aye aura vahA~ svAmI govinda bhagavatpAda se 'saMnyAsadIkSA lii| gurUpadiSTa mArga se sAdhanA Arambha kara alpa kAla meM hI ve bahuta bar3e yogasiddha mahAtmA ho gaye / guru kI AjJA se kAzI Aye / yahA~ unakI khyAti bar3hane lagI aura loga ziSyatva grahaNa karane lge| unake prathama ziSya sanandana the jo pIche padmapAdAcArya ke nAma se prasiddha hue| ziSyoM ko par3hAne ke sAtha ve grantha bhI likhate jAte the| kahate haiM ki eka dina bhagavAn vizvanAtha ne cANDAla ke rUpa meM zaGkara ko darzana diyaa| ve cANDAla ko Age se haTane kA Agraha karane lage / bhagavAn ne unako ekAtmavAda kA marma samajhAyA aura brahmasUtra para bhASya likhane kA Adeza diyaa| jaba bhASya likhanA pUrA ho gayA to eka dina eka brAhmaNa ne gaGgAtaTa para unase eka sUtra kA artha puuchaa| isa sUtra para brAhmaNa ke sAtha unakA ATha dinoM taka zAstrArtha huaa| pIche unheM jJAta huA ki ye svayaM bhagavAn vedavyAsa haiM / phira vedavyAsa ne unheM advaitavAda kA pracAra karane kI AjJA dI aura unakI 16 varSa kI Ayu ko 32 varSa taka bar3hA diyA / zaGkarAcArya digvijaya ko nikala pdd'e| unakI vANI meM mAno sAkSAt sarasvatI hI virAjatI thii| yahI kAraNa hai ki 32 varSa kI alpAyu meM hI unhoMne aneka bar3e-bar3e grantha raca DAle aura sAre bhArata meM bhramaNa kara virodhiyoM ko zAstrArtha meM parAjita kiyaa| bhArata ke cAroM konoM meM cAra pradhAna maTha sthApita kiye aura sAre deza meM yugAntara upasthita kara diyaa| thor3e meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki zaGkarAcArya ne DUbate hue sanAtana dharma kI rakSA kii| unake dharma saMsthApana ke kArya ko dekhakara logoM kA yaha vizvAsa ho gayA ki ve sAkSAt bhagavAn zaGkara ke hI avatAra the-'zaGkaraH zaGkaraH sAkSAt' aura isI se prAyaH 'bhagavAn' zabda ke sAtha unakA smaraNa kiyA jAtA hai| zaGkarAcArya ke AvirbhAva evaM tirobhAva-kAla ke sambandha meM aneka mata hai| kintu adhikAMza loga inakI sthiti 788 tathA 820 I0 ke madhya mAnate haiN| inakA janma kerala pradeza ke pUrNA nadI taTavartI kAlaTI nAmaka gA~va meM vaizAkha zukla paJcamI ko huA thaa| pitA kA nAma zivaguru tathA mAtA kA nAma subhadrA athavA viziSTA thaa| __ koI mahAna vibhUti avatarita huI hai isakA pramANa unake bacapana se hI milane lagA thaa| isI bIca unake pitA kA viyoga ho gyaa| eka varSa kI avasthA hotehote bAlaka mAtRbhASA meM apane bhAva prakaTa karane lagA tathA do varSa kI avasthA meM purANAdi kI kathA sunakara kaNThastha karane lgaa| pA~caveM varSa yajJopavIta kara unheM gurugRha bhejA gayA tathA sAta varSa ko avasthA meM hI ve veda aura vedAGgoM kA pUrNa adhyayana karake ghara A gye| unakI asAdhAraNa pratibhA dekhakara unake gurujana cakita raha gye| vidyAdhyayana samApta kara zaGkara ne saMnyAsa lene kI icchA prakaTa kI parantu mAtA ne AjJA na dii| zaGkara mAtA ke bar3e bhakta the evaM unheM kaSTa dekara saMnyAsa nahIM lenA cAhate the / eka dina mAtA ke sAtha nadI snAna karate samaya eka magara ne inheM pakar3a liyaa| mAtA becaina hokara hAhAkAra karane lagI / isa para zaGkara ne kahA ki yadi Apa saMnyAsa lene kI AjJA de deM to yaha magara mujhe chor3a degaa| mAtA ne turata AjJA de dI aura magara ne zaGkara ko chor3a diyaa| saMnyAsa mArga meM jAte samaya zaGkara mAtA kI icchA ke anusAra yaha vacana dete gaye ki tumhArI mRtyu ke samaya maiM ghara para avazyameva upasthita rhuuNgaa| yahA~ se kurukSetra hote hue ve kazmIra kI rAjadhAnI zrInagara pahu~ce aura zAradA devI ke siddha pITha meM apane bhASya ko pramANita kraayaa| udhara se lauTakara badarikAzrama gaye aura vahA~ apane anya granthoM kI pUrti meM laga gaye / bAraha varSa se pandraha varSa taka kI avasthA meM unhoMne sAre grantha likhe| vahA~ se prayAga Aye jahA~ kumArila bhaTTa se bheMTa huii| kumArila ke anusAra ve vahA~ se mAhiSmatI nagarI meM maNDana mizra ke pAsa zAstrArtha ke lie gaye / maNDana mizra ke hArane para unakI patnI bhAratI ne bhI unase zAstrArtha kiyaa| sapatnIka maNDana para vijaya prApta karake zaGkara mahArASTra gaye tathA vahA~ zavoM aura kApAlikoM ko parAsta kiyaa| vahA~ se calakara dakSiNa meM tuGgabhadrA ke taTa para unhoMne eka mandira banavAkara usameM kazmIra vAlI zAradA devI kI sthApanA kii| usake lie vahA~ jo maTha sthApita huA use zRGgagiri (zRMgerI) maTha kahate haiN| isa maTha ke adhyakSa surezvara ( maNDana ) banAye gye| vahA~ se mAtA kI mRtyu kA samaya AyA jAnakara ghara pahu~ce aura mA~ kI

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zaGkarAcArya antyeSTi kriyA kii| zRMgerI maTha se jagannAtha purI jAkara govardhana maTha kI sthApanA kI tathA padmapAdAcArya ko vahA~ kA maThAdhIza bnaayaa| punaH zaGkarAcArya ne cola aura pANDya rAjAoM kI sahAyatA se dakSiNa ke zAkta, gANapatya aura kApAlika sampradAyoM ke anAcAra ko naSTa kiyaa| phira ve uttara bhArata kI ora mudd'e| gujarAta Akara dvArakA purI meM zAradamaTha kI sthApanA kI / phira pracAra kArya karate hue asama ke kAmarUpa meM gaye aura tAntrikoM se zAstrArtha kiyaa| yahA~ se badarikAzrama jAkara vahA~ jyotirmaTha kI sthApanA kI aura troTakAcArya ko maThAdhIza bnaayaa| vahA~ se anta meM kedAra kSetra Aye, jahA~ para kucha dinoM bAda bhArata kA yaha projjvala sUrya brahmalIna ho gyaa| ___ unake viracita pradhAna grantha ye haiM : brahmasUtra (zArIraka) bhASya, upaniSad bhASya ( Iza, kena, kaTha, prazna, mANDUkya, muNDaka, aitareya, taittirIya, chAndogya, bRhadAraNyaka, nRsiMhapUrvatApanoya, zvetAzvatara ityAdi ), gItAbhASya, vivekacUDAmaNi, prabodhasudhAkara, upadezasAhasrI, aparokSAnubhUti, paJcIkaraNa, prapaJcasAratantra, manISApaJcaka, AnandalaharI-stotra aadi| zAGkaramata-zaGkara ke samaya meM bhAratavarSa bauddha, jaina evaM kApAlikoM ke prabhAva se pUrNatayA prabhAvita ho gayA thaa| vaidika dharma luptaprAya ho rahA thaa| isa kaThina avasara para zaGkara ne naidika dharma kA punaruddhAra kiyA / unhoMne jisa siddhAnta kI sthApanA kI usa para saMsAra ke bar3e se bar3e vidvAn aura vicAraka mantramugdha haiM / yaha mata thA advaita siddhAnta / sabhI prapaJca anAtmA hai, usakA AtmA se sambandha nahIM hai / jJAna aura ajJAna-sampUrNa vibhinna pratItiyoM ke sthAna meM eka akhaNDa saccidAnanda dhana kA anubhava karanA hI jJAna hai tathA usa sarvAdhiSThAna para dRSTi na dekara bheda meM satyatva buddhi karanA ajJAna hai / sAdhana-zaGkara ne zravaNa, manana aura nididhyAsana ko jJAna kA sAkSAt sAdhana svIkAra kiyA hai| kintu inakI saphalatA brahmatattva kI jijJAsA hone para hI hai tathA jijJAsA kI utpatti meM pradhAna sahAyaka daivI sampatti hai| AcArya kA mata hai ki jo manuSya viveka, vairAgya, zamAdi SaT sampatti aura mumukSA, ina cAra sAdhanoM se sampanna hai, usI ko cittazuddhi hone para jijJAsA ho sakatI hai| isa prakAra kI cittazuddhi ke lie niSkAma karmAnuSThAna bahuta upayogI hai| bhakti---zaGkara ne bhakti ko jJAnotpatti kA pradhAna sAdhana mAnA hai| vivekacUDAmaNi meM ve kahate haiM'svasvarUpAnusandhAnaM bhaktirityabhidhIyate / ' arthAt apane zuddha svarUpa kA smaraNa karanA hI bhakti kahalAtA hai / unhoMne saguNopAsanA kI upekSA nahIM kI hai| karma aura saMnyAsa-zaGkarAcArya ne apane bhASyoM meM sthAna-sthAna para karmoM ke svarUpa se tyAga karane para jora diyA hai| ve jijJAsu evaM bodhavAn donoM ke lie sarva karmasaMnyAsa kI AvazyakatA batalAte haiM / unake mata meM niSkAma karma kevala citta zuddhi kA hetu hai / / smArtamata-varNAzrama paraMparA kI phira se sthApanA kA zreya zaGkara ko hI hai| unhIM ke prayAsa se japa, tapa, vrata, upavAsa, yajJa, dAna, saMskAra, utsava, prAyazcitta Adi phira se jIvita hue| unhoMne hI paJcadeva upAsanA kI rIti calAyI, jisameM viSNu, ziva, sUrya, gaNeza aura devI, paramAtmA ke ina pA~coM rUpoM meM se eka ko pradhAna mAnakara aura zeSa ko usakA aGgIbhUta samajhakara upAsanA kI jAtI hai / paJcadeva upAsanA vAlA mata isI lie smArta kahalAtA hai ki smRtiyoM ke anusAra yaha sabake lie nirdhArita hai| Aja bhI sAdhAraNa sanAtanadharmI isI smArtamata ke mAnane vAle samajhe jAte haiN| AtmA evaM anAtmA-brahmasUtra kA bhASya likhate samaya savarvaprathama zaGkara ne AtmA tathA anAtmA kA vivecana karate hae sampUrNa prapaJca ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA hai-draSTA aura dRzya / eka vaha tattva, jo sampUrNa pratItiyoM kA anubhava karane vAlA hai, tathA dUsarA vaha, jo anubhava kA viSaya hai| inameM samasta pratItiyoM ke carama sAkSI kA nAma AtmA hai tathA jo kucha usakA viSaya hai vaha anAtmA hai / Atmatattva nitya, nizcala, nirvikAra, asana, kUTastha, eka aura nivizeSa hai| buddhi se lekara sthUla bhUtaparyanta

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zaGkarAcArya jayantI zatapathabrAhmaNa ziSyaparamparA - zaMkarAnugata saMnyAsiyoM kA bhI eka vizeSa sampradAya calA jo dasanAmI kahalAte haiM / zaGkarAcArya ke cAra pradhAna ziSya the : padmapAda, hastAmalaka, surezvara aura troTaka / inameM se padmapAda ke ziSya the tIrtha aura Azrama / hastAmalaka ke ziSya vana aura araNya the / surezvara ke giri, parvata aura sAgara tIna ziSya the| troTaka ke bhI tIna ziSya purI, bhAratI aura sarasvatI the / inhIM dasa ziSyoM ke nAma se saMnyAsiyoM ke dasa bheda cale | zaGkarAcArya ne bhArata kI cAroM dizAoM meM cAra maTha sthApita kiye jinameM ina dasa pratiSyoM kI paramparA calI AtI hai| purI, bhAratI aura sarasvatI kI paramparA zRMgerI maTha ke antargata hai / tIrtha aura Azrama zAradAmaTha (dvArakA) ke antargata haiM / vana aura araNya govardhanamaTha (purI) ke antargata haiM / giri, parvata aura sAgara jyotirmaTha ( jozImaTha) ke antargata haiM / pratyeka dasanAmI saMnyAsI inhIM cAra maThoM meM kisI na kisI se saMbandhita hotA hai svAmI ke ziSya saMvAsiyoM ne bauddha bhikSuoM kI taraha ghUma-ghUmakara sanAtana dharma ke isa mahAjAgaraNa meM bar3I sahAyatA pahu~cAyI / unake cAroM maThoM meM gaddI para baiThane vAle ziSya zatrU rAcArya hI kahalAte Aye haiM / ye saba prAyaH apane samaya ke apratima vidvAn hI hote haiM / inakI asaMkhya racanAe~ haiM, stotra haiM, jo sabhI "zrImacchaGkarAcAryaviracitam" kahe jAte haiM, kintu ve sabhI Adi zaGkara kI kRtiyA~ nahIM ho sakatIM / phira bhI sabhI racanAe~ smArtI meM Aga AcArya ke nAma se pracalita haiM / zaGkarAcArya jayantI -- dakSiNa bhArata meM caitra zukla paJcamAko kintu uttara bhArata meM vaizAkha zukla dazamI ko zaGkarAcArya kI jayantI manAyI jAtI hai| isa tithi ko aupacArika rUpa se AcArya zara ke prati Adara aura zraddhA arpita kI jAtI hai| zaGkarAnanya upaniSadoM ke mukhya bhASyakAra ye prasiddha vedAntI svAmI vidyAraNya (mAdhavAcArya) ke guru the / ye caudahavIM zatI ke prathama ardhAza meM hue the| zaGkurAkaMvata ravivAra vAlI aSTamI ke dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| sUrya zaMkara ke dakSiNa netra mAne gaye haiM, unakI pUjA karanI caahie| kesara tathA rakta candana se ardhacandrAkAra AkRti banAkara usameM gola vRtta 78 - 617 banAnA caahie| vRtta meM suvarNajaTita mANinaya kI sthApanA kI jAya / yaha zivanetra (sUrya) hogA / arka (sUrya) zaGkara ke netra haiN| ve hI isake devatA haiN| (1) atharvaveda (4.10.1) meM zaGkha kavaca ke rUpa meM vyavahuta hone vAle padArtha kA dyotaka hai| paravartI sAhitya meM yaha phUMkakara bajAyA jAnevAlA sAgarotpanna vAca hai / ( 2 ) zaGkha eka smRtikAra dharmazAstrI bhI hue haiM / de0 'smRti' / zaTharipu - dakSiNa bhArata ke AlavAra santa apanI premA bhakti ke lie prasiddha haiM / inhIM meM zaTharipu kI gaNanA hotI hai / kali ke Arambha meM pANDya deza kI karukApurI meM inakA janma huA, jinheM zaThakopa bhI kahate haiM / inake ziSya 'madhura' kavi kA janma zaTharipu ke janmasthAna ke pAsa hI huA thA / viziSTAdvaita sampradAya ke AcAryoM ko paramparA meM zaThakopa svAmI AdarapUrvaka gine jAte haiM / zatadUSaNI AcArya veMkaTanAva yA vedAntadezika kRta zrIvaiSNava sampradAya kA tarkapUrNa vedAnta grantha / rAmAnujAcArya ne bhI isake pUrva zataduSaNI nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI thii| ina granthoM meM advaitavAda kI AlocanA kI gayI hai| zatapati -- indra kA eka viruda, jisakA ullekha maitrAyaNI saMhitA tathA taitti0 brA0 meM huA hai / isakA artha hai| 'manuSyoM meM eka sau kA rAjA' taittirIya brAhmaNa isakI vyAkhyA 'sau devoM ke rAjA' ke rUpa meM karatA hai / yaha 'sau gA~voM kA rAjA' artha kA bhI dyotaka hai, jisakA patA paravartI dharmagranthoM se calatA hai / yaha aise mAnava karmacArI ke artha meM prayukta hai, jo rAjA kI ora se nyAyAdhikArI yA bhUmikarasaMgrAhaka ke rUpa meM niyukta hotA thA zatapatha brAhmaNa zukla yajurveda kI mAdhyandino tathA kANva zAkhAoM kA brAhmaNa zatapatha hai| yaha vistRta aura sugyavasthita grantha hai / zata ( eka sau ) adhyAya hone ke kAraNa isakA nAma zatapatha pdd'aa| isameM mAdhyandinI zAkhA ke caudaha kANDa haiM tathA kANva zAkhA ke satraha kANDa haiM / prathama pA~ca tathA antima kANDa ke racayitA zAMDilya RSi kahe jAte haiN| isameM bAraha sahasra RcAe~ ATha sahasra yajuS tathA cAra sahasra sAma prayukta haiN| isake tIna prAmANika bhASya upalabdha haiM, jinake racayitAoM ke nAma hai hari svAmI, sAyaNa aura kavIndra sarasvatI / zaGkarAcArya ne jisa

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618 zatabhiSAsnAna-zanivrata bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad kA bhASya likhA vaha kANva zAkhA zatayAtu-sau mAyAzakti vAlA / Rgveda (7.18.21) meM ke antargata hai| yaha eka RSi kA nAma hai| inakA ullekha parAzara ke isameM prathama se navama kANDa taka vAjasaneyI saMhitA ke pazcAt tathA vasiSTha ke pUrva huA hai| kucha vidvAn inheM prathama aThAraha adhyAyoM ke yajuSa kI vyAkhyA aura vini- vasiSTha kA putra kahate haiN| yoga hai / dazama kANDa meM agnirahasya kA vivecana kiyA zatarudrasaMhitA-zivapurANa ke sAta khaNDoM meM tIsarA khaNDa gayA hai| ekAdaza kANDa meM ATha adhyAya haiN| inameM pUrva zatarudrasaMhitA ke nAma se jJAta hai| varNita kriyAoM ke Upara AkhyAna haiM / dvAdaza kANDa meM sautrA- zatarudriya---yajurveda kA rudra sampradAya saMbandhI eka prasiddha maNI tathA prAyazcitta karma varNita haiM / terahaveM kANDa meM azva- sUkta / vaidika kAla meM rudra (ziva) ke kramazaH adhika medha, sarvamedha, puruSamedha aura pitRmedha kA varNana hai| catu- mahattvapUrNa sthAna prApta karane kA yaha dyotaka hai / isako daza kANDa AraNyaka hai| isake prathama tIna adhyAyoM meM rudrAdhyAya bhI kahate haiN| pravarga kriyAoM kA ullekha hai / isake atirikta saMhitA ke zatazlokI-zaGkarAcArya viracita granthoM meM se eka grantha ikatIsa se lekara untAlIsa adhyAya taka kI sabhI zatazlokI hai / isameM vedAntIya jJAna ke eka sau zloka kathAoM ke uddharaNa hai| isameM pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai saMgrahIta haiN| ki viSNu sabhI devatAoM meM zreSTha haiN| zeSa adhyAya bRha- zatruJjaya (siddhAcala)-gujarAta pradeza kA prasiddha jaina tiirth| . dAraNyaka upaniSad ke nAma se prasiddha hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ ATha karor3a muni mokSa prApta kara cuke haiN| yaha siddhakSetra hai| jainoM meM pAMca parvata pavitra mAne __ aitihAsika dRSTi se zatapatha brAhmaNa kA bahuta bar3A jAte haiM : (1) zatruJjaya (siddhAcala) (2) arbudAcala mahattva hai| isake eka mantra meM itihAsa ko kalA mAnA (AbU) (3) giranAra (saurASTra) (4) kailAsa aura (5) gayA hai| mahAbhArata ko aneka kathAoM ke srota isake sammeta zikhara (pArasanAtha, bihAra meN)| AkhyAnoM meM pAye jAte haiM, yathA rAmakathA, kadrU-suparNA kI zanipradoSavrata-zukla pakSa kI trayodazI jisa kisI zanikathA, purUravA-urvazIpremAkhyAna, azvinIkumAroM dvArA vAra ke dina par3e usI dina isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA cyavana ko yauvanadAna Adi / isa prakAra saMskRta sAhitya cAhie / yaha santAnArtha kiyA jAtA hai / isameM zivArAdhana ke kAvya, nATaka, campU prabhRti aneka vidhAoM ke sUtra tathA sUryAstoparAnta bhojana vihita hai| isa brAhmaNa meM vartamAna hai / vAstava meM yaha vizAla vizva zanivAravrata-zrAvaNa mAsa meM prati zanivAra ko zani kI kozAtmaka grantha hai| lauhapratimA ko paJcAmRta se snAna karAkara puSpoM tathA zatabhiSAsnAna-zatabhiSA nakSatra ke samaya yajamAna tathA phaloM kA samarpaNa karanA caahie| isa dina zani ke nAmoM parohita donoM upavAsa kreN| yajamAna bhadrAsana se baiThe kA uccAraNa vibhinna zabdoM meM kiyA jAya, yathAaura sahasra kalazoM ke jala se motiyoM ke sAtha zaMkha dvArA koNastha, piMgala, babhru, kRSNa, raudra, antaka, yama, sauri jala bhara-bharakara usako snAna karAyA jaay| taduparAnta (sUryaputra), zanaizcara tathA manda (zani mandagAmI hai)| cAroM navIna vastra dhAraNa kara vaha kezava, varuNa, candra, zatabhiSA zanivAroM ko kramazaH cAvala tathA urada kI dAla, khIra, nakSatra kI (jisakA svAmI varuNa devatA hai) gandhAkSata, ambilI (maTe meM pakAyA huA cAvala kA jhola) puSpAdi se pUjA kare / vrata ke anta meM yajamAna apane tathA pUr3I samarpita karanI cAhie aura vratI ko svayaM khAnA AcArya ko tarala padArtha, gau tathA kalaza kA dAna kare caahie| ukta zanaizcarastotra skandapurANa se grahaNa kiyA aura anyAnya brAhmaNoM ko dakSiNA pradAna kre| yajamAna gayA hai| svayaM eka ratna dhAraNa kare jo zamI vRkSa, semala kI pattiyoM zanivrata-(1) zanivAra ke dina tailAbhyaMga ke sAtha snAna tathA bA~sa ke agrabhAga se AvRta ho / / isase samasta roga karake kisI brAhmaNa (yA bhaDDarI ko) taila dAna karanA dUra hote haiN| yaha nakSatravata hai| isake viSNu tathA varuNa caahie| isa dina gahare zyAma puSpoM se zani kA pujana devatA haiN| karanA caahie| eka varSaparyanta isa vrata kA AcaraNa

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zapatha-zabdAdvaitavAda hotA hai / kisI lohapAtra athavA mRttikA ke kalaza meM, jo zabdapramANa-nyAya darzana ke anusAra cauthA pramANa zabda tela se bharA ho tathA kAle vastra se AvRta ho, zanaizcara hai| 'Aptopadeza' arthAta Apta puruSa kA vAkya zabda pramANa mahArAja kI lauhapratimA kA pUjana karanA caahie| hai| bhASyakAra ne Apta puruSa kA yaha lakSaNa batalAyA hai brAhmaNa vratI ke lie mantra hai--"zanno devIrabhiSTaya ki jo sAkSAtkRtadharmA ho, jaisA dekhA, sunA, anubhava kiyA Apo bhavantu pItaye, zaM yo rabhisravantu naH / " kintu dUsare ho, ThIka-ThIka vaisA hI kahane vAlA ho vahI Apta hai| varNa vAle logoM ke lie paurANika mantroM kA vidhAna hai| zabdasamUha vAkya hotA hai, zabda vaha hai jo artha vyakta zani kI (jo 'koNa' ke nAma se bhI vikhyAta hai, jo kadAcit karane meM samartha ho / zabda meM zakti Izvara ke saMketa se grIka bhASA kA zabda hai) prArthanA tathA stuti kI jAnI AtI hai / navya nyAya ke anusAra zabda meM zakti lambI caahie| isake AcaraNa se zani graha ke samasta duSprabhAva paramparA se AtI hai| zabda pramANa do prakAra kA haidUra ho jAte haiN| vaidika aura laukika / prathama pUrNa aura dUsarA saMdigdha hotA (2) pratyeka zanivAra ko zani graha ke prItyartha kiyA hai| laukika zabda (vAkyoM meM prayukta) tabhI prAmANika jAne vAlA vrata 'zanivrata' kahalAtA hai| mAne jAte haiM jaba unameM AkAMkSA, yogyatA, sannidhi aura zapatha-vedasaMhitAoM meM yaha zApa kA bodhaka hai| Rgveda tAtparya hoN| zabdAdvaitavAda-jo darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki 'zabda' hI 15 ) / paravartI sAhitya meM zapatha kA vyavahAra saugandha ekamAtra advaita tattva hai, vaha zabdAdvaitavAda kahalAtA hai| yoga mArga meM isa darzana kA vizeSa vikAsa huaa| pratyeka ke artha meM hI hotA hai| nyAyapaddhati meM 'satya ke pramANa' yogasAdhaka kisI na kisI rUpa meM zabda kI upAsanA rUpa se isakA prayoga hotA hai| karatA hai| yaha upAsanA atyanta prAcIna hai| praNava yA zabarazaMkaravilAsa-vIra zaiva sampradAya se sambandhita kannaDa oMkAra ke rUpa meM isakA bIja vedoM meM vartamAna hai| upabhASA meM racita eka grantha, jo SaDakSaradeva (1714 vi0) niSadoM meM praNavopAsanA kA vizeSa vikAsa huaa| mANDUdvArA praNIta hai| kyopaniSad meM kahA gayA hai ki mUlataH praNava hI eka tattva zabara svAmI-pUrvamImAMsAsUtra ke bhASyakAra / bhASya kI hai jo tIna prakAra se vibhakta hai| pANini kI aSTAdhyAyI prAcIna lekha zailI inake I0 pAMcavIM zatI meM hone kA meM bhI isa darzana ke saMketa pAye jAte haiN| unhoMne siddhAnta pramANa prastuta karatI hai| prabhAkara evaM kumArila do pUrva- pratipAdana kiyA hai ki zabdavyavahAra anAdi aura ananta mImAMsAcAryoM ne zabara ke bhASya para vyAkhyA-vArtika (sanAtana) hai (tadaziSyaM saMjJApramANatvAt, 2.4.16) / prastuta kiye hai / prabhAkara zabara kI AlocanA nahIM karate zabdAdvaita ke lie 'sphoTa' zabda kA sarvaprathama prayoga haiM, jabaki kumArila inase bhinna mata sthApita karate haiN| mahAbhASya meM pAyA jAtA hai| sabase pahalI zabda kI zabda-saba taraha ke dRzya padArtha, kalpanA athavA bhAvoM paribhASA bhI mahAbhASya meM hI pAyI jAtI hai : "yenoccAyA vicAroM kI praticchAyA vA pratibimba 'zabda' haiN| ritena sAsnA- lAla-kakuda-khura-viSANinAM sampratyayo zabda ke abhAva meM jJAna kA svayaMprakAzatva lupta ho bhavati sa zabdaH / " jAtA hai| kisI na kisI rUpa meM sabhI yoga matAnuyAyI bhartahari ne zabdAdvaitavAda ko 'vAkyapadIya' meM dArzazabda kI upAsanA karate haiM jo ati prAcIna vidhi hai|| nika rUpa diyaa| isake pazcAt bhartamitra ne isa viSaya para praNava ke rUpa meM isakA mUla veda meM upalabdha hai| isakA sphoTasiddhi nAmaka grantha likhaa| isake anantara puNyarAja prAcIna nAma sphoTavAda hai| prAcIna yogiyoM meM bhartRhari ne aura kaiyaTa kI vyAkhyAoM meM isa mata kA pratipAdana huA / zabdAdvaitavAda kA pravartana kiyA / nAtha saMpradAya meM bhI isake prabala samarthaka nAgeza bhaTTa aThArahavIM zatI meM he| zabda para jora diyA gayA hai| Adhunika rAdhAsvAmI mata, vaiyAkaraNa, naiyAyika, mImAMsaka, vedAntI sabhI ne zabda yoga sAdhana hI jisakA lakSya hai, zabda kI hI upAsanA para dArzanika DhaMga se vicAra kiyA hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ke batalAtA hai / caranadAsI pantha meM bhI zabda kA prAdhAnya hai| anusAra zabda se hI arthabodha aura saMsAra kA jJAna hotA

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620 zambara-zambhudeva jisa hai| usake abhAva meM jJAna kA prakAzakatva naSTa ho jAtA hai| saba dRzya jagat aura usake padArya kalpanA mAtra haiM, vicAroM kI praticchAyA athavA pratibimba haiN| isa prakAra zabda hI satya hai; bAhya jagat avAstavika hai| vaiyAkaraNoM kA yaha siddhAnta nimnAMkita upaniSadvAkya kA bhASya hai : 'vAcArambhaNam vikAro nAmadheyam mRttiketyeva satyam / ' yaha mAnate hae ki zabda se arthabodha hotA hai, yaha prazna uThatA hai ki kyA kevala dhvani mAtra se arthabodha hotA hai ? udAharaNa ke lie 'gauH' zabda lIjie / yaha tIna dhvaniyoM se banA hai-g + au+ s / yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki Adi, madhya athavA antima dhvani se arthavodha hotA hai| naiyAyikoM kI Apatti hai ki eka dhvani eka-do kSaNa se adhika astitva meM nahIM rahatI; jaba antima dhvani kA uccAraNa hotA hai taba taka Adi aura madhya dhvaniyA~ lata ho jAtI hai / naiyAyikoM ke anusAra prathama do dhvaniyoM ke saMskAra ke sAtha jaba antima dhvani milatI hai taba artha- bodha hotA hai / isase vaiyAkaraNoM kI kaThinAI to dUra ho jAtI hai parantu dUsarA doSa utpanna ho jAtA hai| naiyAyika aura bhASAvijJAnI donoM mAnate haiM ki bhASA kI ikAI vAkya hai aura arthabodha ke lie vAkya meM pratijJA kI ekatA honI caahie| yadi prathama dhvaniyoM kA saMskAra aura antima dhvani do vastue~ haiM to phira ekatA kaisI hogI? mImAMsakoM ke anusAra varNa nitya haiM aura dhvani se vyakta kiye jAte haiN| mImAMsakoM kI arthapratyAyakatva prakriyA naiyAyikoM se milatI-julatI hai / parantu varNoM kI aikyAnabhati meM unheM koI kaThinAI nahIM jAna par3atI, kyoMki sabhI varNa nitya hai| kintu yaha Apatti banI rahatI hai ki varNoM kI anubhUti kSaNika hai aura isa paristhiti meM sabhI varNoM kI ekatA zakya nahIM hai / vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa kaThinAI ko dUra karane ke lie vAcakatA kA eka nayA adhiSThAna DhUMr3ha nikAlA, vaha thA sphoTavAda / 'sphoTa' bhinna zabdoM aura arthoM meM eka hokara bhI sthAyI rUpa se vyakta hotA hai / ataH vAkya meM ekatAnatA banI rahatI hai| vaiyAkaraNoM ne isa sphoTa kA vAcaka praNava ko mAnA, jisase sampUrNa vizva ko abhivyakti huI hai / __ zabdAdvaitavAda kA pUrNa vikAsa aura pUrNa saMgati taba huI jaba isakA sambandha advaita vedAnta (zAGkara vedAnta) se jor3A gayA / zabdatattva usI prakAra vizva kA kAraNa hai jisa prakAra brahma vizva kA kAraNa hai| isa prakAra zabda ko zabdabrahma mAna liyA gyaa| zabdabrahmavAda (zabdAdvaitavAda) kA vivecana bhartahari ne apane vAkyapadIya meM nimnAMkita prakAra se kiyA hai : anAdinidhanaM brahma zabdatattvaM yadakSaram / vivartate'rthabhAvena prakriyA jagato yataH / / ekasya sarvabIjasya yasya ceyamanekadhA / bhokta-bhoktavyarUpeNa bhogarUpeNa ca sthitiH // jisa prakAra zAGkara vedAnta meM vizva brahma kA vivarta mAnA gayA hai usI prakAra zabdAdvaitavAda ke anusAra yaha vizva zabda kA vivarta hai / yaha vAda pariNAmavAda (sAMkhya) hai aura ArambhavAda (nyAya) kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hai| zabda aura artha ke bIca kA sambandha nitya hai / zabdabrahma kI anubhUti ke lie zabda ke svarUpa ko jAnanA Avazyaka hai| zabda cAra rUpoM meM prakaTa hotA hai : parA, pazyantI, madhyamA aura vaikhrii| inameM se tIna gupta rahatI hai; parA mUlAdhAra meM, pazyantI nAbhisthAna meM aura madhyamA hRdayAvakAza meM nivAsa karatI hai| inakI anubhUti aura jJAna kevala brahmajJAnI manISiyoM ko hotA hai / inameM cauthI vaikharI vANI hI bAhara vyakta hotI hai jisako manuSya bolate haiN| vAstava meM zabdabrahma kI upAsanA brahma kI hI upAsanA hai| zabdabrahma kI anubhUti praNava kI upAsanA aura yaugika prakriyA dvArA nAbhicakra meM sthita kuNDalinI ko jAgRta karane se hotI hai| zambara-indra ke eka zatru kA nAma / isakA ullekha zuzna, pighu evaM vacina ke sAtha, dAsa ke rUpa meM tathA kulitara (R0 6.26.5) ke putra ke rUpa meM haA hai / isake nabbe, ninyAnabe tathA sau durga kahe gaye haiN| isakA sabase bar3A zatru divodAsa atithigva thA, jisane indra kI sahAyatA se usa para vijaya prApta kii| yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki zambara vAstavika vyakti thA yA nhiiN| hilabraNTa isako divodAsa kA virodhI sAmanta mAnate haiN| vAstava meM zambara parvatavAsI zatru thA, jisase divodAsa ko yuddha karanA pdd'aa| zambhudeva-zaiva siddhAnta ke solahavIM zatI ke eka prasiddha AcArya / inhoMne apane mata ke niyamoM ko darzAne ke lie zaivasiddhAntadIpikA tathA zambhupaddhati nAmaka do granthoM kI racanA kii|

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zayyAdAna-zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNa zayyAdAna-paryata aura usake upayogI samasta vastroM kA ziva pralaya kAla meM sampUrNa prajA kA saMhAra karate haiM, dAna / yaha mAsopavAsavrata tathA zarkarAsaptamI Adi aneka athavA bhaktoM ke pApoM kA vinAza karate haiM, ataH unako vratoM meM vAMchanIya hai| zarva kahA jAtA hai| zarabha upaniSad-eka paravartI upaniSada / isameM ugra devatA zarvANI-zarva (ziva) kI patnI pArvatI kA paryAya / zarabha kI mahimA aura upAsanA batAyI gayI hai| zastra-yajJakarma meM hotA purohita kA pAThya mantrabhAga, jo udgAtA ke 'stotra' se bhinna hai / prAtaHkAlIna somadAna zarabhaGga Azrama-madhya pradezavartI vaiSNava tIrthasthAna / virAdha sambandhI zastra 'Ajya' tathA 'prauga', madhyakAla kA 'marutvakuNDa evaM TikariyA gAMva ke samIpa vana meM yaha sthAna hai| tIya' tathA 'niSkevalya' evaM sAndhyakAlIna 'vaizvadeva' Azrama ke pAsa eka kuNDa hai, jisameM nIce se jala AtA hai| yahA~ rAmamandira hai, vanya pazuoM ke bhaya se mandira kA tathA 'AgnimAruta' kahalAtA hai / bAharI dvAra saMdhyA ke pahale banda kara diyA jAtA hai / zAka-(1) vanaspati ko zAka kahate haiM / ye dasa prakAra ke maharSi zarabhaGga ne bhagavAn rAma ke sAmane yahIM agni batAye jAte haiM, yathA mUla, pattiyA~, aGkara, gucchaka, phala, prajvalita karake zarIra chor3A thaa| zAkhA, aMkurita dhAnya, chAla, phUla tathA kukuramuttA jAti kI upaja / de. amarakoza ke TIkAkAra kSIrasvAmI isa prakAra ke tapomaya jIvana yApana karane kI paddhati kA vivrnn| 'zarabhaMga sampradAya' kahI jAtI hai| (2) sapta dvIpoM meM se eka dvIpa kA nAma / matsyazarkarAsaptamI-caitra zakla saptamI ko prAtaH tilamizrita purANa (a0 102) meM isakA vistRta varNana hai : "isa jala se snAna karanA caahie| eka vedI para kesara se dvIpa kA jambUdvIpa se dugunA vistAra hai| vistAra se dUnA kamalapuSpa para sUrya kI AkRti banAkara 'namaH savitre' cAroM ora isakA pariNAha (gherA) hai / usa dvIpa se yaha bolate hue dhUpa-puSpAdi car3hAye jAya / eka kalaza meM suvarNa lavaNodadhi (samudra) milA huA hai / vahA~ puNya janapada hai, khaNDa DAlakara use zarkarA se bhare hae pAtra se Dhakakara jahA~ dIrghAyu hokara loga marate haiM, durbhikSa nahIM par3atA, paurANika mantroM se usakI sthApanA kI jAya / phira kSamA aura teja se yukta jana haiN| maNi se bhUSita sAta paJcagavya prAzana tathA kalaza ke samIpa hI zayana karanA parvata haiM / caahie| usa samaya dhIme svara se sauramantroM (Rgveda 1.50) kA pATha karanA cAhie / aSTamI ke dina pUrvokta sabhI zAkaTAyana-zukla yajurveda ke prAtizAkhyasUtra aura usakI vastuoM kA dAna karanA caahie| isa dina zarkarA, ghRta anukramaNI bhI kAtyAyana ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa prAtitathA khIra kA brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAkara vratI svayaM zAkhyasUtra meM zAkaTAyana kA nAmollekha eka pUrvAcArya ke lavaNa tathA taila rahita bhojana kre| prati mAsa isI rUpa meM huA hai| aSTAdhyAyI ke sUtroM meM pANini ne prakAra se vrata karanA caahie| eka varSaparyanta isakA jina pUrva vaiyAkaraNoM ke nAmollekha kiye haiM unameM zAkaAcaraNa vihita hai| vrata ke anta meM paryopayogI vastra, TAyana bhI haiN| kisI naye zAkaTAyana ne kAmadhenu nAmaka suvarNa, eka gau, eka makAna (yadi sambhava ho) tathA eka vyAkaraNa bhI likhA hai / se sahasra niSka taka suvarNa kA dAna vihita hai| jima zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNa-bhArata para zakoM ke AkramaNa ke pUrva, samaya sUrya amRta pAna kara rahe the usa samaya usakI kucha unake basane ke kAraNa vartamAna balocistAna kA dakSiNI bUMdeM pRthvI para gira par3IM, jisase cAvala, mUMga tathA gannA bhAga sIstAna ( zakasthAna ) kahalAtA thaa| unake bhArata utpanna ho gaye, ataH ye sUrya ko priya hai| isa vrata ke meM Ane ke bAda sindha bhI sIstAna (zakasthAna athavA AcaraNa se zoka dUra hotA hai tathA putra, dhana, dIrghAyu evaM zAkadvIpa ) kahalAne lgaa| vahA~ se jo brAhmaNa vizeSakara svAsthya kI upalabdhi hotI hai| uttara bhArata meM phaile ve zAkadvIpIya khlaaye| inakI pUrva zarva-ziva kA eka paryAya / 'zR' dhAtu se va pratyaya lagAne utpatti ke sambandha meM purANoM meM bhagoM kA varNana dekhanA para yaha zabda banatA hai, jisakA artha hai saMhAra karanA cAhie / aisA lagatA hai ki maga brAhmaNa mUlataH magadha meM

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622 zAkapUNi-zAktamata basate the, jisake kAraNa yaha pradeza 'magadha' kahalAtA thaa| sandhiyA~ toDakara padoM ko alaga-alaga smaraNa karane kI yahA~ se ve pazcimI eziyA ke dezoM meM gaye aura vahA~ se paddhati claayo| padapATha se zabdoM ke mUla kI ThIka-ThIka punaH bhArata vApasa aaye| sUryamandiroM meM pujArI kA kArya vivecanA kI rakSA huii| zatapatha brAhmaNa meM zAkalya kA karanevAle maga brAhmaNoM kA varNana pUrva ho cukA hai| inhIM dUsarA nAma vidagdha bhI milatA hai| videha ke rAjA janaka magoM ko bhojaka tathA zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNa bhI kahate haiM / ke ye sabhApaNDita aura yAjJavalkya ke pratidvandvI the| ye bhaviSyapurANa meM zAkadvIpI maga brAhmaNoM kA zAkadvIpa se / kosalaka-videha the| aisA jAna paDatA hai ki Rgveda ke padalAyA jAnA vaNita hai| isameM unakI cAla, DhAla, prathAe~ pATha kA kosala-videha meM vikAsa huaa| Adi vistAra se batAyI gayI haiN| zAkasaptamI-kArtika zukla saptamI ko isa vrata kA prArambha inako bhArata meM lAnevAle kRSNa ke putra sAmba the / varNana hotA hai| varSa ke cAra-cAra mahInoM ke tIna bhAga kara prati se jAna par3atA hai ki jarathustra ke pUrva kI athavA unhIM kI bhAga meM eka varSaparyanta vratAcaraNa karanA cAhie / paJcamI samakAlIna sUryopAsaka Arya jAtiyA~ bhAratavarSa meM ko ekabhakta, SaSThI ko nakta tathA saptamI ko upavAsa pazcimI dezoM se Akara phailii| pArasiyoM kI prathAe~ rakhA jAya / isa dina brAhmaNoM ko acche masAloM se banI magoM se kucha milatI-julatI haiM / Aja bhI phArasI sAhitya vanaspatiyoM ( zAkoM) se yukta bhojana karAnA vihita hai| meM magoM ke AcAryoM kA nAma 'pIre mugA~' saikar3oM sthAnoM meM vratI ko svayaM rAtri meM bhojana karanA caahie| sUrya isake pAyA jAtA hai| ye loga yajJavihita surApAna karate the| devatA haiM / cAra-cAra mahInoM ke prati bhAga meM bhinna prakAra jyotiSa aura vaidyaka zAstra kA inameM vizeSa pracAra thaa| ke puSpa ( agasti, sugandhita puSpa, karavIra Adi ), pralepa AbhicArika tathA tAntrika kriyAoM ke bhI ye vizeSajJa ( kesara, zveta candana, lAla candana ), dhUpa ( aparAjita, hote the| de0 'maga brAhmaNa / ' agaru tathA guggulu ), naivedya ( khIra, gur3a kI capAtI, zAkapUNi-bhaTTa bhAskara ke kRSNa yajurveda bhASya meM zAkapUNi ubAle hue cAvala ) kA upayoga karanA cAhie / varSa ke kA nAmollekha hai / apane pUrvavartI niruktakAroM meM zAkapUNi anta meM brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAnA tathA kisI purANapAThaka kI gaNanA yAska ne kI hai| se purANa zravaNa karanA caahie| zAkambharI-durgA kA eka nAma / isakA zAbdika artha hai ha zAkArya-kAtyAyana ke vAjasaneya prAtizAkhya meM aneka - 'zAka se janatA kA bharaNa karane vAlI / ' mArkaNDeya purANa AcAryoM ke sAtha zAkArya kA nAmollekha huA hai / ke caNDIstotra meM yahI vicAra vyakta kiyA gayA hai : zAkinI-durgA kI eka anucarI / kAtyAyanIkalpa meM tato'yamakhilaM lokamAtmadehasamudbhavaH / isakA ullekha hai : bhariSyAmi surAH zAkairAvRSTeH prANadhArakaH // DAkinI yoginI caiva khecarI zAkinI tthaa| zAkambharIti vikhyAti tadA yAsyAmyahaM bhuvi / vAmana purANa ( a0 53 ) meM bhI zAkambharI nAma par3ane dikSu pUjyA imA devyaH sUsiddhAH phaladAyikAH / / kA yahI kAraNa diyA huA hai| zAkta-zakti yA durgA ke upaask| jisa sampradAya kI iSTa devatA 'zakti' hai usako hI zAkta kahate haiM / zAkambharI-rAjasthAna kA eka prasiddha devItIrtha / usa zakti se isakA sambandha hai jisase zAka ( vanaspati athavA zAktamata-zaktipUjaka sampradAya / zaktipUjA kA srota udbhija ) kI vRddhi hotI hai| navalagar3ha se 25 mIla vedoM meM prApta hotA hai| vAk, sarasvatI, zraddhA Adi ke dakSiNa-pazcima parvatIya pradeza meM yaha sthAna hai| Upara rUpa meM strIzakti kI kalpanA vedoM meM kI gayI hai| sabhI zAkambharI devI kA mandira hai| yaha siddha pITha kahA devatAoM kI deviyoM (patniyoM) kI kalpanA bhI zakti kI jAtA hai| hI kalpanA hai| Rgveda ke aSTama aSTaka ke antima sUkta zAkala-Rgveda kI eka zAkhA / zAkalya vaidika RSi the| meM 'iyaM zuSmebhiH' Adi mantroM se mahAzakti sarasvatI kI unhoMne Rgveda ke padapATha kA pravartana kiyA, vAkyoM kI stuti kI gayI hai / sAmaveda ke vAcaMyama sukta meM 'havAi

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zAktamata 623 vAcama' Adi tathA jyotiSToma meM 'vAgvisarjana stoma' kA ullekha hai| yajurveda ( a0 2.2 ) meM 'sarasvatyai svAhA' mantra se Ahati dene kA vidhAna hai / yajurveda ( 5.16 ) meM pRthvI aura aditi deviyoM kA varNana hai| isake satrahaneM adhyAya ke 557 mantra meM pA~ca dizAoM se vighna-bAdhA nivAraNa ke lie indra, varuNa, yama, soma aura brahmA devatAoM kI zaktiyoM kA AvAhana kiyA gayA hai| atharnaveda ke caturtha kANDa ke 300 sUkta meM mahAzakti kA nimnAMkita kathana hai : ___'maiM sabhI rudroM aura vasuoM ke sAtha saMcaraNa karatI huuN| isI prakAra sabhI AdityoM aura sabhI devoM ke sAtha, Adi / ' upaniSadoM meM bhI zakti kI kalpanA kA vikAsa dikhAI par3atA hai / kenopaniSad meM isa bAta kA varNana hai ki umA haimavatI (pArvatI kA eka pUrva nAma ) ne mahAzakti ke rUpa meM prakaTa hokara brahma kA upadeza kiyA / atharvazIrSa, zrIsUkta, devIsUkta Adi meM zakti kI stutiyA~ bharI par3I haiN| naigama ( gaidika ) zAktoM ke anusAra pramukha dasa upaniSadoM meM dasa mahAvidyAoM ( zaktiyoM) kA hI varNana hai| purANoM meM mArkaNDeya purANa, devI purANa, kAlikA purANa, devI bhAgavata meM zakti kA vizeSa rUpa se varNana hai| rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata donoM meM devI kI stutiyA~ pAyI jAtI hai| adbhuta rAmAyaNa meM sItAjI kA varNana parAtparA zakti ke rUpa meM hai| naiSNavagrantha nAradapaJcarAtra meM bhI dasa mahAvidyAoM kA vistAra se varNana hai / ina udAharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki zAktamata atyanta prAcIna hai aura usakA bhA AdhAra zruti-smRti hai, jisa prakAra anya dhArmika saMpradAyoM kaa| zaiva mata ke samAna hI zAktamata bhI nigamAnumodita hai| parantu naidika karmakANDa kI apekSA zAkta upAsanA zreSTha mAnI jAtI hai| AgamoM ke AcAra kA vikAsa hone para zAktamata ke do upasampradAya ho gaye-(1) dakSiNAcAra (naidika mArga) aura (2) vAmAcAra / dakSiNAcAra ko samayAcAra bhI kahate haiM aura vAmAcAra ko kaulAcAra / dakSiNAcAra sadAcArapUrNa aura dArzanika dRSTi se advaitavAdI hai| isakA anuyAyI apane ko ziva mAnakara paJcatattvoM se zivA ( zakti ) kI pUjA karatA hai| isameM paJca makAroM (madyAdi) ke sthAna para vijayArasa kA sevana hotA hai| isake anusAra zakti aura zaktimAna kI abhinnatA kI anubhUti yoga ke dvArA hotI hai| yoga zakti-upAsanA kA pradhAna aGga hai| yoga ke cha: cakroM meM kuNDalinI aura AjJA do cakra mahAzakti ke pratIka hai| AjJA cakra kI zakti se hI vizva kA vikAsa hotA hai| yaugika sAdhanAoM meM 'samaya' kA eka vizeSa artha hai / hRdayAkAza meM cakrabhAvanA ke dvArA zakti ke sAtha adhiSThAna, anuSThAna, avasthAna, nAma tathA rUpa bheda se pA~ca prakAra kA sAmya dhAraNa karanevAle ziva hI 'samaya' kahe jAte haiM / samaya vAstava meM ziva aura zakti kA sAmarasya ( mizraNa ) hai / samayAcAra kI sAdhanA ke antargata mUlAdhAra meM se supta kuNDalinI ko jagAkara svAdhiSThAna Adi cakroM se le jAte hue sahasrAra cakra meM adhiSThita sadAziva ke sAtha aikya yA tAdAtmya karA denA hI sAdhaka kA mukhya dhyeya hotA hai| / vAmAcAra athavA kaulamata kI sAdhanA dakSiNAcAra se bhinna hai kintu dhyeya donoM kA eka hI hai| 'kaula' usako kahate haiM jo ziva aura zakti kA tAdAtmya karAne meM samartha hai / 'kula' zakti athavA kuNDalinI hai; 'akula' ziva hai| jo apanI yaugika sAdhanA se kuNDalinI ko jAgRta kara sahasrAra cakra meM sthita ziva se usakA milana karAne meM sakSama hai vahI kaula hai| kaula kA AcAra kaulAcAra athavA vAmAcAra kahalAtA hai| isameM paJca makAroM kA sevana hotA hai| ye paJca makAra haiM (1) madya (2) mAMsa (3) matsya (4) mudrA aura (5) maithuna / vAstava meM ye nAma pratIkAtmaka haiM aura inakA rahasya gUDha hai| madya bhautika madirA nahIM hai, brahmarandhra meM sthita sahasradala kamala se syUta amRta hI madhu yA madirA hai / jo sAdhaka jJAnarUpI khaDga se vAsanArUpI (pApa-puNya) pazuoM ko mAratA hai aura apane mana ko ziva meM lagAtA hai vahI mAMsa kA sevana hai / matsya zarIra meM sthita iDA tathA piGgalA nAr3iyoM meM pravAhita hone vAlA zvAsa tathA prazvAsa hai / vahI sAdhaka matsya kA sevana karatA hai jo prANAyAma kI prakriyA se zvAsa-prazvAsa ko rokakara prANavAyu ko suSumnA nAr3I ke bhItara saMcAlita karatA hai| asat saMga kA tyAga aura satsaMga kA sevana mudrA hai / sahasrAra cakra meM sthita ziva aura kuNDalinI (zakti) kA milana maithuna (do kA eka honA) hai| ja

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624 zAkta saMnyAsI mUlataH kolasAdhanA yaugika upAsanA thI / kAlAntara isase spaSTa hai ki tArA kI upAsanA cIna se bhArata meM meM kucha aise loga isa sAdhanA meM ghusa Aye jo AcAra ke AyI / nepAlI bauddha grantha sAdhanamAlA kA tantra ke jaTAnimna stara ke abhyAsI the / ina logoM ne paJca makAroM kA sAdhana prasaMga meM nimnAMkita kathana bhI isa tathya kI puSTi bhautika artha lagAyA aura inake dvArA bhautika madya, mAMsa, karatA hai: matsya, mudrA aura maithuna kA khulakara sevana hone lgaa| ___"Arya nAgArjunapAdairbhoTadezAt smuddhRtaa|" vAmAcAra ke patana aura durnAma kA yahI kAraNa thA / [ tArA devI kI mUrti Arya nAgArjunAcArya dvArA bhoTa zAkta darzana meM chattIsa tattva mAne gaye haiM jo tIna vargoM deza (tibbata) se lAyI gayI / ] svatantratantra nAmaka meM vibhakta haiM-(1) zivatattva (2) vidyAtattva aura grantha meM bhI tArA devI kI videzI utpatti kA ullekha hai : (3) Atmatattva / zivatattva meM do tattvoM, ziva aura meroH pazcimakoNe tu colanAkhyo hrado mahAn / zakti kA samAveza hai| vidyAtattva meM sadAziva, Izvara tatra jajJe svayaM tArA devI nIlasarasvatI / / aura zuddha vidyA sammilita hai| Atmatattva meM ikatIsa zAktoM ke pA~ca vedoM, pAMca yogiyoM aura pAMca pIThoM tattvoM kA samAhAra hai, jinakI gaNanA isa prakAra hai kA ullekha kulAlikAtantra meM pAyA jAtA hai| inameM mAyA, kalA, vidyA, rAga, kAla, niyati, puruSa, prakRti, uttara, dakSiNa, pUrva, pazcima aura Urdhva ye pA~ca AmnAya buddhi, ahaMkAra, mana, pA~ca jJAnendriyA~, pA~ca karmendriyA~, athavA veda haiM / mahezvara, zivayogI Adi pA~ca yogI pA~ca viSaya (zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa, gandha) aura pA~ca haiN| utkala meM uDiyAna, paMjAba meM jAlandhara, mahArASTra meM mahAbhUta (AkAza, vAyu, agni, jala, pRthvii)| pUrNa, zrIzaila para mataGga aura kAmarUpa meM kAmAkhyA ye ziva-zaktisaMgama meM zAkta mata ke anusAra parA zakti kI hI pradhAnatA hotI hai / parama puruSa ke hRdaya meM sRSTi pA~ca pITha haiM / Age calakara zAktoM ke ikAvana pITha ho gaye aura isa mata meM bahusaMkhyaka janatA dIkSita hone kI icchA utpanna hote hI usake do rUpa, ziva aura zakti prakaTa ho jAte hai / ziva prakAzarUpa haiM aura zakti lagI / isakA sabase bar3A AkarSaNa yaha thA ki (bhairavI) vimarzarUpa / vimarza kA tAtparya hai pUrNa aura zaddha ahaMkAra cakrapUjA meM sabhI zAkta (cAhe ve kisI varNa ke hoM) brAhmaNa kI sphUrti / isake kaI nAma haiM-cit, caitanya, svAtantrya, mAne jAne lage / dhArmika saMskAroM ke maMDala, yantra aura cakra jo zaktipUjA ke adhiSThAna the, vaidika aura smArta kartatva, sphuraNa Adi / prakAza aura vimarza kA astitva saMskAroM meM bhI praviSTa ho gye| zAkta mata kA vizAla yugapat rahatA hai| prakAza ko saMvit aura vimarza ko yukti bhI kahA jAtA hai / ziva aura zakti ke Antara sAhitya hai jisakA bahuta bar3A aMza abhI taka aprakAzita nimeSa ko sadAziva aura bAhya unmeSa ko Izvara kahate hai| isake do upasampradAya haiM-(1) zrIkula aura (2) hai| isI ziva-zaktisaMgama se sampUrNa sRSTi utpanna kAlIkula / prathama upasampradAya ke aneka granthoM meM agastya hotI hai| kA zaktisUtra tathA zaktimahimnastotra, sumedhA kA tripurArahasya, gauDapAda kA vidyAratnasUtra, zaMkarAcArya ke zAkta mata meM vAmAcAra ke udgama aura vikAsa ko saundaryalaharI aura prapazcasAra evaM abhinavagupta kA tantrAlekara kaI mata pracalita haiN| kucha loga isakA udgama loka prasiddha hai / dUsare upasampradAya meM kAlajJAna, kAlobhArata ke usa varga se mAnate haiM, jisameM mAtRzakti kI ttara, mahAkAlasaMhitA Adi mukhya haiM / pUjA Adi kAla se calI A rahI thI, parantu ve loga smAtaM AcAra se prabhAvita nahIM the| dUsare vicAraka isa sampra- zAkta saMnyAsI-zAkta saMnyAsI deza ke kone-konemeM dAya meM vAmAcAra ke praveza ke lie tibbata aura cIna kA chiTapuTa pAye jAte haiM / rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ke guru totApurI, prabhAva mAnate haiM / bauddha dharma kA mahAyAna sampradAya isakA svayaM rAmakRSNa tathA vivekAnanda zAkta saMnyAsI the| mAdhyama thaa| cInAcAra Adi kaI Agama granthoM meM isa rAmakRSNa mizana ke anya svAmI loga bhI zAkta saMnyAsiyoM bAta kA ullekha hai ki vasiSTha RSi ne baddha ke upadeza se ke udAharaNa haiM tathA zaGkarAcArya ke dasanAmiyoM kI pUrI cIna deza meM jAkara tArA devI kA darzana kiyA thaa| zAkhA se sambaddha haiN|

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zAktAnandataraGgiNI - zANDilyAyana zAktAnandataraGgiNI - yaha svAmI brahmAnanda giri racita eka zAkta grantha hai | zAkya muni zAkya vaMza meM avatIrNa hone ke kAraNa gautama buddha zAkya muni kahalAte the / zAka zAla vRkSa ko kahate haiN| ayodhyA ke ikSvAku (sUryaputra) vaMza kI eka zAkhA gautamagotraja kapila muni ke Azramapradeza meM, jisameM zAka vRkSoM kA Adhikya thA, Akara basa gayI thI, isalie vaha zAkya kahalAne lagI / amarakoza ke TIkAkAra bharata kA nimnAMkita kathana hai : ---- zAkavRkSa praticchannaM vAsaM yasmAt pracakrire / tasmAdikSvAkuvaMzyAste bhuvi zAkya iti zrutAH // zAkya muni ko zAkyasiMha bhI kahate haiM / zAkrI-zakra kI zakti / yaha durgA kA paryAya hai : indrANI indrajananI zAkrI zakraparAkramA | kukarA devI baccA tenopagIyate // kahate haiM zAkha - vizAkha ko hI zAkha bhI nAma kRttikAputra yA kArtikeya bhI hai| pArvatI ke putra the, jinakA pAlana kiyA thA / / zAGkhAyana kauSItaki brAhmaNa, kauSItaki gRhyasUtra Adi ke racanAkAra tathA Rgveda ke eka zAkhA sampAdaka / inakA ullekha vaMzasUcI meM zAGkhAyana AraNyaka ke anta meM huA hai jahA~ guNArUpa ko usakA racayitA kahA gayA hai| zrautasUtra meM zAGkhAyana kA nAmollekha nahIM hai, kintu gRhyasUtra suyajJa zAGkhAyana ko AcArya ke rUpa meM likhatA hai| paravartI kAla meM zAGkhAyana zAkhA ke anuyAyI uttarI gujarAta meM pAye jAte the / zAGkhAyana taittirIya prAtizAkhya meM kANDamAyana ke sAtha ullikhita haiM / zAGkhAyana AraNyaka Rgveda kA eka AraNyaka / isa AraNyaka kA sampAdana tathA aMgrejI anuvAda pro0 kItha ne kiyA hai| - (devIpurANa) / inakA dUsarA vAstava meM ve kRttikAoM ne zAGkhAyanagRhyasUtra -- gRhyasUtroM ke varga meM Rgveda se samba ndhita zAGkhAyanagRhyasUtra pramukhatayA pracalita hai / zAGkhAyanabrAhmaNa - yaha Rgveda kI kauSItaki zAkhA kA brAhmaNa hai / kauSItakibrAhmaNa nAma se bhI yaha khyAta haiM / zAGkhAyanadhautasUtra vedIya sAhityAntargata saMhitA aura 79 -- 625 brAhmaNa ke pazcAt tIsarI koTi kA sAhitya | yaha 48 adhyAyoM meM hai| zAyana zrautasUtra kA zAGkhAyana brAhmaNa se sambandha hai / isa zrautasUtra ke pandrahaveM aura solahaveM adhyAya kI racanA brAhmaNa granthoM kI bhASAzailI meM huI hai / isase isakI prAcInatA anumAnita kI jAtI hai / isake satrahaveM aura aThArahaveM adhyAya kA sambandha kaupItaki AraNyaka ke pahale do adhyAyoM ke sAtha niSTha pratIta hotA hai| zATyAyanAya ke gotraja zATyAyana kA ullekha zatapatha brAhmaNa (8.1.4.9, 10.4.5.2 ) meM do bAra huA haiM / jaiminIya upaniSadbrAhmaNa meM prAyaH inakA ullekha hai / vaMzasUcI meM ye jvAlAyana ke ziSya kahe gaye haiM tathA sAmavidhAna brA0 kI vaMzasUcI meM bAdarAyaNa ke ziSya ulli khita haiM / zATyAyanoM kA ullekha sUtroM meM bharA par3A hai| zATyAyana brAhmaNa tathA zATyAyanaka kA bhI unameM ullekha hai / zATyAyanabrAhmaNa AzvalAyana zrautasUtra meM zATyAyana brAhmaNa kA ullekha hai / - zANDilya - zaNDila ke vaMzaja zANDilya kahalAte haiM / aneka AcAryoM kA yaha vaMzabodhaka nAma hai / sabase mahatvapUrNa zANDilya ve haiM jo aneka bAra zatapatha brA0 meM suyogya vidvAn ke rUpa meM varNita haiN| isase spaSTa hai ki ye agnikriyAoM (yazoM) ke sabase bar3e AcAyoM meM the, jinase (yajJoM se) zatapatha brA0 kA pAMcavAM tathA usake paravartI adhyAya bhare par3e haiN| vaMzabrAhmaNa ke dasaveM adhyAya ke anta meM unheM kuzika kA ziSya tathA vAtsya kA AcArya kahA gayA hai / yaha gotranAma Age calakara bahuta prasiddha huA / vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 gotrapravaramaJjarI / zANDilyabhaktisUtra - yaha eka viziSTa bhAgavata ( vaiSNava ) grantha hai| isameM bhaktitatva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| bhaktizAstra ke maulika granthoM meM zANDilya tathA nArada ke maniSa hI Ate haiN| zANDilyAyana - zANDilya ke gotrApatya ( vaMzaja) zANDilyAyana kahalAte haiM / zatapathabrAhmaNa meM yaha eka AcArya kA vaMzasUcaka nAma hai | avazya ve tathA celaka eka hI vyakti haiM aura isalie yaha socanA ThIka hai ki cailaki jIvala

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unake putra kA nAma thA yaha sandehAspada hai ki ve pravAhaNa jaivali ke pitAmaha the jo brAhmaNa ke badale rAjakumAra thaa| zAnti - (1) dhArmika jIvana kI eka bar3I upalabdhi / padmapurANa (kriyAyogasAra, adhyAya 15 ) meM isakI nimnalikhita paribhASA hai: yatkiJcid vastu samprApya svalpaM vA yadi vA bahu / yA tuSTirjAyate citte zAntiH sA gadyate budhaH // [ svalpa athavA adhika jisa kisI vastu ko pAkara citta meM jo saMtoSa utpanna hotA hai use zAnti kahate haiM / ] (2) durgA kA bhI eka nAma zAnti hai / devIpurANa ke devInikAdhyAya meM kathana hai utpatti-sthiti-nAzeSu satvAditriguNA matA / sarvajJA sarvavettRtvAcchAntitvAcchAntirucyate / / zAntikarma - atharvavedIya karmakANDa tIna bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai - ( 1 ) svastika ( kalyANakArI) (2) pauSTika (poSaNa karane vAlA) aura (3) zAntika ( upadrava zAnta karane vaalaa)| ve sabhI karma zAntikarma kahalAte haiM jinase Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika tathA AdhyAtmika upadrava zAnta hote haiN| Age calakara jyotiSa kI vyApakatA bar3ha jAne para grahazAnti karmakANDa kA pradhAna aGga bana gyaa| yaha mAnA jAne lagA ki duSTa grahoM ke kAraNa hI manuSya para vipattiyA~ AtI haiM, isalie vipattiyoM se bacane ke lie grahazAnti athavA grahoM kI pUjA Avazyaka hai / zAntikarmoM meM adbhutazAnti nAmaka bhI karma hai / prakRtiviruddha adbhuta ApadAoM kI pUrva sUcanA ke lie devatA 'upasarga' utpanna karate haiN| isa sambandha meM zAntikarma karane se bhAvI ApattiyoM kI nivRtti hotI hai (de0 'adbhutasAgara' meM AtharvaNa adbhutavacanam ) / ina upasargoM ke kAraNa prAyaH naitika hote haiM : atilobhAvasatvAdvA nAstikyAdvApyadharmataH / narApacArAnniyatamupasargaH pravartate // tato'pacArAnniyatamapavarjanti devatAH / tAH sRjantAMstAMstu divyanAbhasabhUmijAn // (gargasaMhitA) zAntikalpa yaha atharvaveda kA eka upAMga hai| isa kalpa meM pahale vinAyakoM dvArA grasta prANI ke lakSaNa haiM / unakI zAnti ke lie dravya evaM sAmagrI ikaTThA karane, pUjA, abhi zAnti-zAradAtilaka , Seka aura vainAyaka homAdi karane kA vidhAna isa kalpa meM batalAyA gayA hai| AdityAdi navagrahoM ke japa yajJa Adi bhI isI meM sanniviSTa haiN| zAntipaJcamI - zrAvaNa zukla paJcamI ko kAle tathA anya raMgoM se sarpoM kI AkRti banAkara unakI gandha-akSatalAvA Adi se pUjA karanI cAhie tathA agrima mAsa kI paJcamI ko darbhoM se sAMpa banAkara unakI tathA indrANI kI pUjA karanI caahie| isase sarpa sarvadA vratakartA ke Upara prasanna rahate haiN| isakA mantra hai 'kurukulle huM phaT svAhA zApa - krodhapUrvaka kisI ke aniSTa kA udghoSa 'zApa' kahalAtA hai| vizeSakara RSi, muni, tapasvI Adi ke aniSTa kathana ko zApa kahate hai| kisI mahAn naitika aparAdha ke ho jAne para zApa diyA jAtA thA / isake aneka udAharaNa prAcIna sAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| gautama ne pativrata bhaGga ke kAraNa apanI patnI ahalyA ko zApa diyA thA ki vaha zilA ho jaay| durvAsA apane krodhI svabhAva ke kAraNa zApa dene ke lie prasiddha the / zAvara bhASya de0 'zavara svAmI / ' zAmbagya gRhyasUtra mukhya gRhA granthoM meM zAmbaSya ke sUtra kA nAma bhI ullekhanIya hai| yaha Rgveda se sambandhita gRhAsUtra hai| zAmbharAyaNI vrata - yaha nakSatravrata hai aura acyuta isake devatA haiM / sAta varSaparyanta isake AcaraNa kA vidhAna hai / bAraha nakSatroM, jaise- kRtikA, mRgazirA, puSpa tathA isI prakAra ke anya nakSatroM ke hisAba se varSa ke bAraha mAsoM kA nAmollekha kiyA gayA hai, yathA kArtika, mArgazIrSa, pauSa Adi kArtika mAsa kI pUrNimA se vrata kA Arambha kara viSNu kA pUjana karanA caahie| kArtika mAsa se agrima cAra mAsoM ke lie kRzarA ( khicar3I) naivedya hai, phAlguna se saMyA ( haluA) tathA ASAr3ha se pAyasa (khIra) / brAhmaNoM ko bhI naivedya ke hisAba se bhojana karAyA jaay| zAmbharAyaNI nAmaka brAhmaNI strI kI cAMdI kI pratimA kI sthApanA kI jaay| zAmbharAyaNI usa brAhmaNI kA nAma hai jisase bRhaspati ne indra ke pUrvajoM ke bAre meM pUchA thaa| bhagavAn kRSNa ne bhI isa AdaraNIya mahilA kI kathA sunAyI hai| (bhaviSyottarapurANa) zAradAtilaka -- zAradAtilaka tantra zAkta mata kA adhikArapUrNa prAmANika grantha hai| isake racayitA lakSmaNa ---

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zAradApUjA - zikSA dezika haiM / ye gyArahavIM zatI meM utpanna hue the / isa grantha meM kevala mantra evaM yAtu (jAdU) haiM, kriyAe~ bahuta kama haiM / yaha sarasvatI se sambandhita hai jo zAradA bhI kahalAtI haiM / yaha mantroM kA vargIkaraNa upasthita karatA hai, unake prayogArtha prArambhika dIkSA tathA yAjJika agni meM homa karane ke lie mantroM kA prayojana batalAtA hai / mudrAoM tathA aneka yantroM kA varNana karatA hai| antima adhyAya meM tAntrika yoga hai| zAradApUjA -- zarad kAla kI navamI tithi ko devatAoM ke dvArA durgA devI kA AvAhana huA thA, isalie ye zAradA kahalAtI haiM zaratkAle purA yasmAd navamyAM bodhitA suraiH / zAradA sA samAkhyAtA pIThe loke ca nAmataH / / zaratkAlIna durgApUjA kA nAma hI zAradApUjA hai| devIbhAgavata (a0 29-30) meM zAradApUjA kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / zAradAmaTha- svAmI zaGkarAcArya dvArA sthApita cAra maThoM meM se eka / dvArakApurI ke maTha kA nAma zAradAmaTha yA zAradApITha hai| zArIraka brahmANDa yA piNDa zarIra meM nivAsa karane vAlA advaita AtmA hI zArIra hai| usako AdhAra mAnakara likhe gaye grantha ko 'zArIraka' kahate haiM / vedavyAsakRta vedAntasUtroM ko hI 'zArIrakasUtra' kahA jAtA hai / inake Upara likhe gaye zAGkarabhASya kA nAma bhI 'zArIraka bhASya' hai / zAlagrAma - viSNumUrti kA pratIka gola zilAkhaNDa nepAla kI gaNDakI athavA nArAyaNI nadI meM prApta, vajrakITa se kRta cakrayukta zilA, athavA dvArakA meM prApta aisI hI ( gomatI cakra ) zilA zAlagrAma kahalAtI hai / isake lakSaNa aura mAhAtmya Adi purANoM meM vistAra se varNita haiN| padmapurANa ke pAtAlakhaNDa meM isakA vizeSa varNana hai / zAstra zAstra vaha hai jisase zAsana Adeza athavA zikSaNa kiyA jAtA hai| zAstra kI utpatti kA varNana matsyapurANa (a0 3) meM isa prakAra diyA huA hai purANaM sarvazAstrANAM prathamaM brahmaNA smRtam / nityazabdamayaM puNyaM zatakoTipravistaram // anantaraJca vaktrebhyo vedAstasya viniHsRtAH / mImAMsA nyAya vidyAzca pramANaM tarkasaMyutam / / kAryAkArya meM zAstra hI pramANa mAnA gayA hai| - 627 zAstradarpaNa isa vedAntagrantha ke racayitA AcArya amalAnanda haiM / isameM brahmasUtra ke adhikaraNoM kI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / isakA racanAkAla terahavIM zatI kA uttarArdha hai / zikSA-cha dAjoM (zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, jyotiSa aura chanda) meM se prathama vedAGga / isako vedoM kI nAsikA kahA gayA hai| yaha zuddha uccAraNa (dhvani) kA zAstra hai| svara aura vyaMjanoM kA zuddha uccAraNa zabdoM ke artha kA ThIka-ThIka bodha karAtA hai| mantroM ke ThIka uccAraNa se hI unakA manovAMchita prabhAva par3atA hai / vaidika mantroM ke uccAraNa meM svara prakriyA kA vizeSa mahattva hai / yadyapi yaha zAstra bahuta purAnA hai, tathApi isa viSaya para likhe hue grantha bahuta kama milate hai| eka anubhUti ke anusAra jaigISavya ke ziSya bAbhravya isa zAstra ke pravartaka the| Rgveda ke kramapATha kI vyavasthA bhI inhoMne hI kI thii| mahAbhArata (zAnti, 242 104) ke anusAra AcArya gAlava ne eka zikSAzAstrIya grantha kA nirmANa kiyA thA / inakA ullekha aSTAdhyAyI meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / vAstava meM pAJcAla bAbhravya kA hI dUsarA nAma gAlava thA / bhAradvAja RSi praNIta 'bhAradvAjazikSA' nAmaka grantha 'bhaNDArakara risarva iMsTITyUTa' pUnA se prakAzita huA hai| parantu yaha bahuta prAcIna nahIM hai| 'bArAyaNI zikSA' kI eka hastalikhita prati DaoN0 kIlahArna ko kazmIra meM prApta huI thii| rAjazekhara kI kAvyamImAMsA meM pANini ke pUrvavartI zabdavi AcArya Apizali kA ullekha huA hai / pANini ke samaya taka zikSAzAstra kA pUrNa vikAsa ho cukA thA / 'pANinIya zikSA' isa viSaya kA prathama grantha hai jisameM isa zAstra kA suvyavasthita vivecana huA hai / isa nAma se upalabdha grantha kA sampAdana aura prakAzana Arya samAja ke pravartaka svAmI dayAnanda sarasvatI ne kiyA thaa| vArANasI se eka grantha 'zikSAsaMgraha' ke nAma se prakAzita huA thA, jisameM gautamazikSA, nAradIya zikSA, pANDukIya zikSA aura bhAradvAja zikSA sammilita haiM / mUlataH vedoM ke alaga-alaga zikSAgrantha the / Aja kevala yajurveda kI yAjJavalkyazikSA, sAmaveda kI nAradazikSA, atharvaveda kI mANDUkI zikSA hI upalabdha haiM / Rgveda kA koI svatantra zikSA grantha upalabdha nahIM hai; usake uccAraNa ke lie pANinIya zikSA kA hI upayoga kiyA jAtA hai /

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zikSAvallI-ziva dhvani kA Aroha-avaroha, uccAraNa kI zuddhatA, uccAraNa kI kAlAvadhi kA parisImana zikSAzAstra ke mukhya viSaya hai / isake varNya viSayoM meM varNa, svara, mAtrA, bala, sAma aura santAna ina cha: kI gaNanA hotI hai| 'a' se lekara 'ha' taka jitane varNa haiM unake uccAraNa ke vividha sthAna nizcita haiM / ve haiM-kaNTha, tAlu, mUrnA, danta aura oSTha / svaroM ke tIna bheda hai-udAtta, anudAtta aura svarita / mAtrAe~ tIna haiM-hrasva, dIrgha aura pluta / bala prayatna ko kahate haiM / prayatna do prakAra ke haiM-alpaprANa aura mahAprANa / zrutimadhura pATha ko sAma kahA jAtA hai| sandhi ko santAna kahate haiM / zikSA ke ina chaH varNya viSayoM ke jJAna se hI bhASA kA zuddha uccAraNa aura artha bodha saMbhava hai| zikSAvallI-taittirIyopaniSad ke tIna vibhAgoM meM prathama vibhaag| isameM vyAkaraNa sambandhI kucha vivecana ke pazcAt advaita siddhAntasamarthaka zrutiyoM kA vinyAsa hai| isI meM snAtaka ko diyA jAne vAlA AcArya kA dIkSAnta pravacana bhI hai, jo saMprati aneka bhAratIya vizvavidyAlayoM ke padavIdAnasamAroha meM snAtakoM ke samakSa par3hA jAtA hai| zikhariNImAlA-appaya dIkSita dvArA likhA gayA eka grnth| isameM causaTha zikhariNI chandoM meM bhagavAn zaGkara ke saguNa svarUpa kI stuti kI gayI hai| zikhA-sira ke madhya meM sthita kezapuJja / yaha hinduoM kA vizeSa dhArmika cihna hai / cUDAkaraNa saMskAra ke samaya sira ke madhya meM bAloM kA eka gucchA chor3A jAtA hai| pratyeka dhArmika kRtya ke samaya ( devakarma ke samaya ) zikhA bandhana kiyA jAtA hai| karma karane ke tIna AzramoM ( brahmacarya, gRhastha, vAnaprastha ) meM hI zikhA rakhI jAtI hai, cauthe (saMnyAsa) meM zikhA tyAga dI jAtI hai / zirovata-muNDakopaniSad (3.2.20) tathA viSNu dha0 sU0 ( 26.12 ) meM isa vrata kA ullekha milatA hai| zaGkarAcArya isakI vyAkhyA karate hue kahate haiM ki isa vrata meM sira para agni (teja) dhAraNa karanA hotA hai, jo jJAnasaMcaya kA pratIka hai| ziva-eka hI parama tattva kI tIna mUrtiyoM ( brahmA, viSNu aura ziva) meM antima mUrti / brahmA kA kArya sRSTi, viSNu kA sthiti (pAlana) aura ziva kA kArya saMhAra karanA hai| parantu sAmpradAyika zaivoM ke anusAra ziva parama tattva haiM aura unake kAryoM meM saMhAra ke atirikta sRSTi aura sthiti ke kArya bhI sammilita haiN| ziva parama kAruNika bhI haiM aura unameM anugraha athavA prasAda tathA. tirobhAva (gopana athavA lopana ) kI kriyA bhI pAyI jAtI hai / isa prakAra unake kArya pA~ca prakAra ke haiN| ziva kI vibhinna abhivyaktiyA~ inhIM kAryoM meM se kisI na kisI se sambaddha haiN| inakA uddezya bhaktoM kA kalyANa karanA hai / ziva vibhinna kalAoM aura siddhiyoM ke pravartaka bhI mAne gaye haiM / saMgIta, nRtya, yoga, vyAkaraNa, vyAkhyAna, bhaiSajya Adi ke mUla pravartaka ziva haiN| inakI kalpanA saba jIvadhAriyoM ke svAmI ke rUpa meM bhI kI gayI hai, isalie ye pazupati, bhUtapati aura bhUtanAtha kahalAte haiM / ye sabhI devatAoM meM zreSTha mAne jAte haiM, ataH mahezvara aura mahAdeva inake viruda pAye jAte haiN| inameM mAyA kI ananta zakti hai, ataH ye mAyApati bhI haiN| umA ke pati hone se inakA eka paryAya umApati hai| inake aneka vida aura paryAya haiN| mahAbhArata ( 13,17) meM inakI eka lambI sahasranAma sUcI dI huI hai| ziva kI kalpanA kI utpatti aura vikAsa kA krama vaidika sAhitya se hI milanA prArambha ho jAtA hai / Rgveda meM rudra kI kalpanA meM hI ziva kI aneka vizeSatAoM aura tatsambandhI paurANika gAthAoM ke mUla kA samAveza hai| isI prakAra zukla yajurveda kI vAjasaneyI saMhitA ( a0 16 ) meM jo zatarudriya pATha hai usameM ziva kA mUla rUpa pratibimbita hai| usameM ziva ko girIza (parvata para rahane vAlA), pazucarma dhAraNa karane vAlA ( kRttivAsa ) tathA jaTAjUTa rakhane vAlA ( kapardI) kahA gayA hai| atharvaveda meM rudra kI bar3I mahimA batAyI gayI hai aura unake lie bhava, zarva, rudra, pazupati, ugra, mahAdeva aura IzAna virudoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| sindhughATI ke utkhanana se jo dhArmika vastue~ prApta huI haiM unameM yogI ziva kI bhI eka pratikRti hai| parantu abhI taka saMjJA ke rUpa meM ziva kA nAma na milakara vizeSaNa ke rUpa meM hI milA hai| uttara vaidika sAhitya meM ziva rudra ke paryAya ke rUpa meM milane lagatA hai / zvetAzvatara upaniSad meM rudra ke aneka nAmoM meM ziva bhI eka hai / zAGkhAyana, kauSItaki Adi brAhmaNoM meM ziva, rudra,

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ziva-zivacaturdazIvrata 629 mahAdeva, mahezvara, IzAna Adi rudra ke nAma milate haiN| mAnI jAtI hai jinameM lAsya aura tANDava donoM sammilita zatapatha aura kauSItaki brAhmaNa meM rudra kA eka viruda haiM / dakSiNAmUrti ke rUpa meM bhI ziva kI kalpanA huI hai| azani bhI pAyA jAtA hai| ina ATha virudoM meM se rudra, yaha ziva ke jagadgurutva kA rUpa hai| isa rUpa meM ne zarva, ugra tathA azani ziva ke ghora ( bhayaMkara ) rUpa kA vyAkhyAna athavA tarka kI mudrA meM aMkita kiye jAte haiN| pratinidhitva karate haiN| isI prakAra bhava, pazupati, mahAdeva mUrta rUpa ke atirikta amUrta athavA pratIka rUpa meM bhI ziva aura IzAna unake saumya ( sundara ) rUpa kA / yajurveda meM kI bhAvanA hotI hai / inake pratIka ko liGga kahate haiM jo unake mAGgalika viruda zambhu aura zaGkara kA bhI unake nizcala jJAna aura teja kA pratinidhitva karatA ullekha hai| hai| purANoM meM ziva ke aneka avatAroM kA varNana ziva kI pUjA kA kramazaH vikAsa kaba se huA yaha bata- hai| lagatA hai ki viSNu ke avatAroM kI paddhati para yaha lAnA kaThina hai| kintu itanA nizcita hai ki IsApUrva meM kalpanA kI gayI hai / prAyaH duSToM ke vinAza tathA bhaktoM kI hI zaiva sampradAya kA udaya ho cukA thaa| pANini ne parIkSA Adi ke lie ziva avatAra dhAraNa karate haiM / aSTAdhyAyI (4.1.115) meM ziva ke upAsakoM (zaivoM) kA ziva-pArvatI ke vivAha kI kathA saMskRta sAhitya aura ullekha kiyA hai / pataJjali ne mahAbhASya meM rudra aura ziva lokasAhitya meM bhI bahuta pracalita hai| kA ullekha kiyA hai / mahAbhASya meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki ziva ke bhayaGkara rUpa kI kalpanA bhI pAyI jAtI hai zivabhAgavata ayaHzUla ( lohe kA trizUla ) aura daNDa jisakA sabandha unake vidhvaMsaka rUpa se hai| ve zmazAna, ajina dhAraNa karate the / purANoM meM (vizeSataH zava purANoM raNakSetra, caurAhoM ( durghaTanAsthala ) meM nivAsa karate haiM / meM ) ziva kA vistRta varNana aura zivatattva kA vivecana muNDamAlA dhAraNa karate haiN| bhUta, preta aura gaNoM se ghire pAyA jAtA hai / saMskRta ke zuddha sAhitya aura abhilekhoM rahate haiM / ve svayaM mahAkAla (mRtyu tathA usake bhI kAla) meM ziva kI stutiyA~ bharI par3I haiM / haiM, jisake dvArA mahApralaya ghaTita hotA hai / purANoM aura paravartI sAhitya meM ziva kI kalpanA inakA eka ardhanArIzvara rUpa hai, jisameM ziva aura yogirAja ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai / unakA nivAsa sthAna zakti ke yugma AkAra kI kalpanA hai / isI prakAra hari-hara kailAsa parvata hai| vyAghracarma ( bAghambara ) para ve baiThate rUpa meM ziva aura viSNu ke samanvita rUpa kA aGkana hai| hai, dhyAna meM magna rahane haiN| ve apane dhyAna aura tapobala ziva upapurANa-untIsa upapurANoM meM se yaha eka hai / se jagat ko dhAraNa karate haiN| unake sira para jaTAjUTa spaSTataH isakA sambandha zaiva sampradAya se hai| hai jisameM dvitIyA kA navacandra jaTita hai| isI jaTA se zivakarNAmRta-appaya dIkSita likhita eka grantha / isameM jagatpAvanI gaGgA pravAhita hotI hai| lalATa ke madhya meM ziva kI stutiyoM kA saMgraha hai| unakA tIsarA netra hai jo antardRSTi aura jJAna kA pratIka zivakAjI-sudUra dakSiNa bhArata kA prasiddha tIrtha / yahA~ hai / yaha pralayaGkara bhI hai| isI se ziva ne kAma kA dahana kiyA thaa| ziva kA kaNTha nIlA hai isalie ve nIlakaNTha sarvatIrtha nAmaka vistRta sarovara hai / mukhya mandira kAzIkahalAte haiM / samudra manthana se jo viSa nikalA thA usakA vizvanAtha kA hai| sarovara ke taTa para yAtrI muNDana aura pAna karake unhoMne vizva ko bacA liyA thaa| unake zrAddha karate haiM / ekAmezvara zivakAJcI kA mukhya mandira kaNTha aura bhujAoM meM sarpa lipaTe rahate haiN| ve apane sampUrNa hai| isa kSetra ke hai| isa kSetra ke dUsare vibhAga meM vaiSNavatIrtha viSNakAJcI zarIra para bhasma aura hAtha meM trizUla dhAraNa karate haiN| sthita hai| unake vAmA meM pArvatI virAjamAna rahatI hai aura unake zivacaturthI-bhAdrapada zukla caturthI ko zivacaturthI kahA sAmane unakA vAhana nandI / ve apane gaNoM se ghire rahate jAtA hai / usa dina snAna, dAna, upavAsa tathA japa karane haiM / yogirAja ke atirikta naTarAja ke rUpa meM bhI ziva se sahasra gunA puNya hotA hai / gaNeza isake devatA hai| kI kalpanA haI hai| ve nATya aura saMgIta ke bhI adhi- zivacaturdazIvrata-mArgazIrSa kI kRSNa trayodazI ko ekabhakta SThAtA haiM, 108 prakAra ke nATyoM kI utpatti ziva se paddhati se AhAra tathA zivajI kI prArthanA karanI cAhie /

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zivadRSTi-zivayogayuktazivarAtrivrata caturdazI ko upavAsa kA vidhAna hai| zaMkara tathA umA kI yAyI thaa| isa paMtha meM nirAkAra brahma kI upAsanA hotI zveta kamala tathA gandhAkSatAdi se caraNoM se prArambha kara hai aura inake anuyAyI zivanArAyaNa ko Izvara kA avasiraparyanta pUjA karanI caahie| isake atirikta sabhI tAra mAnate haiN| caturdaziyoM ko vrata kA Ayojana ho sakatA hai| mArgazIrSa zivapavitravrata-ASAr3hI pUrNimA ke dina ziva kI ArAdhanA mAsa se prArambha kara bAraha mahInoM taka bhinna-bhinna nAmoM karanI caahie| isa dina zivapratimA ko yajJopavIta se zivajI ko praNAmAJjali denI caahie| varSa ke prati (pavitra sUtra) pahanAyA jAya tathA zivabhaktoM ko bhojana mAsa meM vratI kramazaH nimna vastuoM kA sevana kare-gomUtra, karAyA jAya / punaH kArtika kI pUrNimA ko ziva kI gomaya, godugdha, godadhi, goghRta ityAdi tathA prati mAsa upAsanA karanI caahie| sAtha hI saMnyAsiyoM ko dakSiNA bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke puSpa samarpita kiye jaay| kArtika denI cAhie tathA vastroM kA dAna karanA caahie| mAsa se eka varSa yA bAraha varSoM taka yaha vidhAna calanA zivapurANa-viSNupurANa meM aSTAdaza purANoM kI jo sUcI cAhie / varSa ke anta meM vaha eka vRSa chor3a de tathA parya- dI gayI hai usameM zivapurANa kI gaNanA hai, vAyupurANa kI kopayogI vastra tathA kalaza kA dAna kare / isa vrata kA nhiiN| isalie katipaya vidvAn donoM purANoM ko eka hI puNya sahasroM azvamedha yajJoM se bar3hakara hai / isase gambhIra se grantha mAnate haiM / parantu donoM purANoM kI viSayasUciyoM meM gambhIra pApa bhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| mela nahIM hai (de0 AnandAzrama, pUnA se prakAzita vAyuzivadRSTi-zaiva mata kA eka grantha / utpalAcArya ke guru, purANa kI vissysuucii)| zivapurANa (vidyazvara khaNDa, kAzmIrIya zivAdvaitavAda ke mukhya AcArya somAnanda ne a0 2) ke anusAra isameM mUlataH eka lAkha zloka the| isakI racanA kI thii| isameM bhartRhari ke zabdAdvayavAda vyAsa ne isakA saMkSepa kara sAta saMhitAoM (khaNDoM) kA kI vizeSa samAlocanA huI hai| caubIsa sahasra zlokoM vAlA zava purANa (zivapurANa) racA / zivanakSatrapuruSavrata-phAlguna mAsa ke zukla pakSa meM hasta nakSatra spaSTataH yaha zaiva purANa hai| isake sAta khaNDoM ke nAma ke dina upavAsa karane meM asamartha vyakti ko isakA Ayo isa prakAra haiM : (1) vidyezvarasaMhitA (2) rudrasaMhitA jana karanA caahie| yaha nakSatravrata hai / isake ziva devatA jisameM sRSTikhaNDa, satIkhaNDa, pArvatIkhaNDa, kumArakhaNDa, haiN| isa dina zaGkarajI ke zarIrAvayavoM ko hasta ityAdi aura yuddhakhaNDa kA samAveza hai (3) zatarudrasaMhitA (4) 27 nakSatroM ke sAtha saMyukta karate hue unakA ApAdamastaka koTirudrasaMhitA (5) umAsaMhitA (6) kailAsasaMhitA pUjana karanA caahie| taila evaM lavaNa rahita nakta vidhi aura (7) vAyavIya saMhitA / paM0 rAmanAtha zaiva dvArA se AhAra tathA prati nakta dina ko eka prastha cAvala tathA sampAdita tathA veMkaTezvara presa, bambaI se prakAzita zivaghRta se paripUrNa pAtra kA dAna karanA caahie| pAraNA ke purANa meM caubIsa sahasra zloka hai| isameM uparyukta sAta samaya ziva tathA umA kI mUrti tathA paryanopayogI vastroM saMhitAe~ pAyI jAtI hai| kA dAna karanA caahie| zivabhAgavata-atharvaziras upaniSad meM zaMkara athavA ziva zivanArAyaNI paMtha-sudhAravAdI nirgaNa zAkhA kA pantha, ke lie bhagavAn' zabda kA prayoga huA hai| isalie jisakA pravartana zivanArAyaNa nAmaka santa ne kiyA thaa| prAcIna granthoM meM ziva ke upAsakoM ko 'zivabhAgavata' zivanArAyaNa kA janma gAjIpura (u0 pra0) jile ke bhale- kahA jAne lgaa| mahAbhASya (pANini, 5.2.78) meM zivasarI gA~va ke rAjapUta parivAra meM huA thA / inhoMne saMvat bhAgavata kA ullekha hai / prazastapAda ne vaizeSika sUtrabhASya 1790 vi0 meM isa mata kA pravartana kiyaa| inhoMne ke anta meM maharSi kaNAda kI vandanA karate hue kahA hai ki gAjIpura jile meM hI cAra dhAmoM ke nAma se cAra maThoM kI 'bhagavAn mahezvara' ke prasAda se unheM ye sUtra prApta hue the| sthApanA kii| inake anuyAyiyoM meM sabhI varNa ke loga zivabhAgavata smArta AcAravAdI hote haiM / sammilita the, parantu nimna varNa aura asavarNoM kI pradhAnatA zivayogayukta zivarAtrivata-phAlguna kRSNa kI zivayogayukta thI / aisA kahA jAtA hai ki dillI kA bAdazAha muhammada caturdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| ziva isake zAha (saMvat 1776-1805 vi0) bhI isa mata kA anu- devatA haiM / yaha eka rAjA kI kathA se sambaddha hai jo pUrva

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zivarathavrata-zukra 631 janma meM vyApArI thA tathA sarvadA usakI mAla curAne zIla-dharma ke mala AcaraNoM meM eka zIla bhI hai / kI pravRtti rahatI thI (skndpuraann)| manusmRti (a0 2) meM kathana hai : zivarathavata-hemanta (mArgazIrSa-pauSa) meM ekabhakta vidhi se vedo'khilo dharmamUlaM smRtizIle ca tadvidAm / vrata karanA caahie| isake anusAra eka ratha banavAkara AcArazcaiva sAdhUnAmAtmanaH tuSTireva ca // use raMga-biraMge kapar3oM se sajAkara usameM cAra zveta vRSabha isake anusAra vedajJoM ke AcaraNa ko zIla kahate haiN| jote jA~ya / cAvaloM ke ATe kI zivapratimA banAkara use hArIta ke anusAra brahmaNyatA Adi trayodaza (teraha) prakAra ratha meM virAjamAna karake rAtri meM sArvajanika sar3akoM para ke guNasamUha ko zIla kahate haiM / yathA--- hA~kate hue ratha ko zivamandira taka lAyA jAya / rAtri meM "brahmaNyatA, devapitRbhaktatA, saumyatA, aparopatApitA. dIpoM ko prajvalita karate hue jAgaraNa tathA nATaka Adi kA Ayojana vihita hai / dUsare dina zivabhaktoM, andhoM, nirdhanoM anasUyutA, mRdutA, apAruSya, maitratA, priyavAditA, kRtajJatA, zaraNyatA, kAruNya, prazAntiH / iti trayodazavidhaM zIlam / " tathA dalitoM-patitoM ko bhojana karAyA jaay| isake bAda zivajI ko ratha samarpita kara diyA jaay| yaha Rtu- govindarAja ke anusAra rAga-dveSaparityAga ko zIla vrata hai| kahate haiM / de0 mahAbhArata kA zIla nirUpaNAdhyAya / zivarAtri-phAlguna mAsa kI kRSNa caturdazI ko 'ziva- zukra-(1) vyAsa ke putra (zukadeva) jinhoMne rAjA parIkSita rAtri' kahate haiN| isI dina ziva aura pArvatI kA vivAha ko zrImadabhAgavata kI kathA sunAyI thii| harivaMza tathA huA thaa| isa dina mahAzivarAtri kA vrata kiyA jAtA vAyupurANa meM inakI kathA milatI hai| agnipurANa ke hai| isa vrata ko karane kA adhikAra sabhI ko hai| prajApatisarga nAmaka adhyAya meM bhI zuka kI kathA pAyI zivazaktisiddhi-mahAkavi zrIharSa dvArA racita eka dArza jAtI hai / devIbhAgavata (1.14.123) meM eka dUsare prakAra nika grantha / isameM ziva aura zakti ke advayavAda kA vive se zuka kI kathA dI huI hai| cana huA hai| (2) zuka pakSI-vizeSa kA nAma hai| isase zubhAzubha zItalASaSThI--baMgAla meM mAgha zukla SaSThI ko, gujarAta meM kA jJAna hotA hai| vasantarAjazAkuna (varga 8) meM zrAvaNa kRSNa aSTamI ko zItalA vratavidhi manAyI jAtI likhA hai : hai / uttara bhArata meM caitra kRSNa aSTamI ko zItalASTamI manAyI jAtI hai| isameM zItalA devI kI vidhivata pUjA vAmaH paThan rAjazukaH prayANe kI jAtI hai| zubhaM bhaveddakSiNataH praveze / zItalASTamI-caitra kRSNa aSTamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna vanecarA kASThazukAH prayAtuH syuH siddhidAH saMmukhamApatantaH / / hotA hai| cecaka se mukti ke lie zItalA (mAtA athavA cecaka kI devI ke nAma se vikhyAta) devI kI pUjA kI zukra--eka camakIlA graha / isake paryAya haiM daityaguru, kAvya, jAtI hai| isa avasara para ATha ghI ke dIpaka rAta-dina uzanA, bhArgava, kavi, sita, Asphujita, bhRgusuta, bhaga devI ke mandira meM prajvalita kiye jAne caahie| sAtha Adi / vAmanapurANa (a066) meM zukra ke nAmakaraNa kI hI gau kA dUdha tathA uzIra mizrita jala chir3akA jaay| adbhuta kathA dI huI hai| ye daitya rAjA bali ke purohita isake uparAnta eka gadahA, eka jhAr3a tathA eka sUpa kA the / inakI patnI kA nAma zataparvA thaa| kanyA devayAnI pRthak-pRthak dAna kiyA jAya / zItalA devI kA vAhana kA vivAha somavaMza ke rAjA yayAti se huA thaa| zukra gadahA hai / devI ko nagnAvasthA meM eka hAtha meM jhAr3a evaM ko uzanA bhI kahate haiM jo rAjazAstrakAra mAne jAte haiN| kalaza tathA dUsare meM supa liye hue citrita kiyA jAtA hai| kauTilya ke arthazAstra (vidyAsamuddeza) meM ye daNDanIti ke (zItalA devI ke lie dekhie phaoNrba kI rasamAlA, jilda eka sampradAya (auzanasa) ke pravartaka kahe gaye hai, jisake 2, pR0 322-325 tathA zItalA-maMgalA ke lie e0 sI0 anusAra daNDanIti ho eka mAtra vidyA hai / 'zukra nItisAra' sena kI 'baMgAlI bhASA tathA sAhitya', pR0 365-367) / zukra kI hI paramparA meM likhA gayA grantha hai|

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yukssn-nuur zukravata-zukravAra ke dina jyeSThA nakSatra hone para isa vrata ke AcaraNa se svarga prApta hotA hai, sAtha hI manuSya ko nakta vidhi se AhAra karanA caahie| yadi vratakartA ke pUrvaja bhI svarga prApta kara lete haiN| vrata ke aise hI zukravAra ko saptamI par3e to cA~dI yA kAMse ke anta meM eka gau ke sAtha-sAtha jaladhenu, ghRtadhenu evaM madhudhenu pAtra meM suvarNa kI zukra kI mUrti rakhakara isakI zveta vastroM kA dAna karanA caahie| isase vaha samasta pApoM se mukta tathA candana ke pralepa se pUjA kI jAnI caahie| pratimA ho jAtA hai| ke sammukha khIra tathA ghI rakhakara thor3I dera bAda samasta zunaHzepa-vedasUkta racayitA eka Rssikumaar| ye RcIka vastuoM kA dAna kara diyA jAya tathA dAna ke samaya zukra muni ke putra the, yajJArtha ambarISa dvArA kharIde gaye the| se prArthanA kI jAya ki 'he zukra, hamArI samasta buraaiyoN| vizvAmitra ne inakI rakSA kI thii| vAlmokirAmAyaNa (bAlaevaM kugrahoM ke duSprabhAva ko dUra karake susvAsthya dIrghAyu kANDa, 61 sarga) meM zunaHzepa kI kathA isa prakAra dI hui pradAna kiijie|' hai--'rAjA harizcandra varuNa ke zApa ke kAraNa jalodara roga zukla yajurveda-yajurveda ke do mukhya vibhAga haiM, zukla se pIr3ita thaa| varuNa kI tuSTi ke lie yajJArtha usane yajurveda tathA kRSNa yajurveda / jisameM zuddha padyAtmaka ajIgata ke putra zunaHzepa ko balipazu ke rUpa meM prApta (chandobaddha) mantra haiM use zukla yajurveda kahA jAtA hai / kiyA / karuNArdra hokara vizvAmitra ne atyanta vyAkula zuna:jisa bhAga meM mantra tathA vidhi ke gadya kA mizraNa hai use zepa ko dekhA aura usako mukta kiyaa| taba se zunaHzepa kRSNa yajurveda kahate haiM / de0 'yajurveda' / vizvAmitra ke putra khlaaye| zuddha-zuci, pavitra, pAvana, niSkalmaSa vastu / zarIra kI Rgveda ke varuNa sUkta ke AdhAra para zunaHzuddhatA-azuddhatA kA vistRta varNana padmapurANa (unnIsaveM zepa kI kathA kA vikAsa huaa| isameM zunaHzepa dvArA adhyAya, uttara khaNDa) meM pAyA jAtA hai| pApa se mukta hone kI prArthanA kI gayI hai / isakA AkhyAna zuddhi-dhArmika kRtya ke lie arhatA utpanna karane pahale aitareya brAhmaNa meM AyA hai aura phira vahA~ se purANoM vAle prayojaka saMkAravizeSa ko zuddhi kahate haiN| meM isakA vistAra haa| jananAzauca tathA maraNAzauca se zuddha hone kI kriyA ko zumbha-eka dAnava, jo gaveSTI kA putra aura prahlAda kA bhI zaddhi kahate haiN| vastuoM ko zuddha karane kA nAma bhI pautra thaa| yaha durgA ke dvArA mArA gyaa| agnipurANa zaddhi hai| vistRta varNana 'zuddhitattva' nAmaka grantha (kazyapIya sargAdhyAya), vAmanapurANa (52 adhyAya) tathA meM dekhie / mArkaNDeya purANa (devImAhAtmya, 10 adhyAya) meM zumbha zaddhivrata-zarad Rtu ke antima pA~ca dina athavA kI kathA pAyI jAtI hai| bArahoM mahInoM kI ekAdazI ko zuddhivrata kiyA jaay| zakarakSetra kahA jAtA hai ki yahA~ gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI yaha tithivrata hai| hari isake devatA haiN| jisa samaya samudra kA gurudvArA thA / de0 'zaukara kssetr'| maMthana haA thA, usameM se pA~ca gaue~ nikalI thIM jinakI zaba-cAra varNoM meM caturtha vrnn| Rgveda ke puruSasUkta ke aMgaja vastue~ pavitra mAnI gayIM / yathA gomaya, rocanA, anusAra virAT puruSa ke pairoM se isakI utpatti huI thii| (pIta cUrNa), dugdha, gomUtra, dahI tathA ghii| gau ke gobara samAja kI sAvayava kalpanA ke AdhAra para samAja kA yaha se bilva vRkSa athavA zrIvRkSa utpanna huaa| lakSmI ke avibhAjya aGga hai| pairoM ke samAna calanA athavA preSya vAsa karane se ise zrIvRkSa kahate haiN| gorocanA se samasta honA isakA kartavya hai| smRtiyoM ke anusAra prathama tIna punIta icchAe~ utpanna huii| gomUtra se guggulu tathA saMsAra varNoM kI sevA isakA kArya aura jIvikA hai| isakA eka kI samasta zakti gau ke dUdha se utpanna huii| samasta punIta mAtra Azrama gArhasthya hai| vastue~ gau ke dahI se utpanna huI tathA samasta saundarya dharmazAstra meM cAroM vargoM ke lie jina SaTakarmoM kA gau ke ghI se utpanna huaa| isalie hari kI pratimA vidhAna hai (paThana-pAThana, yajana-yAjana tathA dAna-pratigraha) ko dadha, dahI, ghI se snAna karAkara usakA agasti ke unameM se zadra ko paThana (vaidika mantroM ko chor3akara), yajana puSpoM, guggulu tathA dIpaka jalAkara pUjana karanA caahie| (nimantra) tathA dAna ( zuddhi ) kA adhikAra hai| sevA

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zUnya-3 pa- zaivamata usakA vizeSa kArya hai| isa prakAra zUdra svataMtra zramika hai, bhRtya athavA dAsa nahIM, jo kisI bhI varNa kA vyakti ho sakatA hai / zUdrAnna tathA zUdra kA diyA huA dAna paravartI granthoM meM prAyaH varjita hai kintu kaI zAstrakAroM ne isakA apavAda svIkAra kiyA hai : kandupakvAni tailena pAyasaM dadhisakayaH / dvijairetAni bhojyAni zUdragehakRtAnyapi // zUdroM ke sambandha meM vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie kamalAkara bhaTTa kA zUdrakamalAkara nAmaka nibandha grantha dekhie / zUnya - zvAna ke sone yogya, ekAnta kA sthAna (zune hitam zunaH saMprasAraNaM yacca) cANakyanItizAstra meM zUnya ke viSaya meM kathana hai : avidyajIvanaM zUnyaM dik zUnyA cedabAndhavA | putrahInaM gRhaM zUnyaM sarvazUnyA daridratA || eka (2) darzana zAstra tathA gaNita meM bhAva aura abhAva se vilakSaNa sthiti kA nAma zUnya hai / zUnyavAda --- anAtmavAdI bauddha dArzanikoM kI shaakhaa| isake anusAra saMsAra ko 'sarva zUnyam' mAnA jAtA hai| isI abhiprAya se yaha mata 'vainAzika' bhI kahalAtA hai / zRGgaverapura - rAmAyaNavarNita niSAdarAja gRha kI gaGgA tIrasva rAjapAnI yaha prayAga se prAyaH dasa kosa dUra pazcima meM hai / bhagavAn zrI rAma ne vanavAsa ke samaya niSAdarAja ke kahane se yahAM rAtri meM nivAsa kiyA thaa| yahA~ zRGgI (pa) RSi tathA unakI patnI dazarathasutA zAntA devI kA mandira hai| gaGgAjI meM RSyazRGga ke pitA ke nAma para vibhANDakakuNDa hai| rAmacaurA grAma meM gaGgA ke kinAre eka mandira meM rAmacandrajI ke caraNacihna haiN| pAsa meM rAmanagara sthAna hai, jahA~ pratyeka pUrNimA aura amAvasyA ko melA lagatA hai / rAmacandrajI yahIM gaGgA pAra utarakara prayAga gaye the / zRGga erI zaGkarAcArya kA dakSiNa pradezasya mukhya pITha sthAna yaha tuGgabhadrA nadI ke kinAre basA huA hai| ghATa ke Upara hI zaGkarAcAryamaTha, zAradA devI aura vidyAtIrtha mahezvara kA mandira hai| yahAM vibhANDakezvara zivaliGga hai / zRGgI RSi ke pitA vibhANDaka RSi kA yahA~ 80 633 Azrama yA yaha kSetra bhI purAnA vibhANDakAzrama hai| yahA~ ke jagadguru zaGkarAcArya kA deza meM sabase adhika Adara hai| zeSa - (1) nAgarAja ananta, jinake Upara viSNu bhagavAn zayana karate haiM / pralaya kAla meM nayI sRSTi se pUrva jo vizva kA zeSa athavA mUla ( avyakta ) rUpa raha jAtA hai usI kA yaha pratIka hai / zeSa kA dhyAna nimnalikhita prakAra se bhaviSyapurANa meM batalAyA gayA hai : phaNAsahasrasaMyuktaM catu kirITinam / navapallavAkAraM piGgalamadhulocanam // bhagavAn kI eka mUrti ( tAmasI ) kA nAma bhI ( kUrmapurANa, 48 adhyAya) zeSa hai ekA bhagavato mUrtirjJAnarUpA mUrtirjJAnarUpA zivAmalA / vAsudevAbhidhAnA sA guNAtItA suniSkalA || dvitIyA jJAnasaMjJAnyA tAmasI zeSasaMjJitA / nihanti sakalAMzcAnte vaiSNavI paramA tanuH // (2) lakSmaNa aura balarAma kA eka nAma zeSa hai / ve zeSa ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM / zaivamata - bhArata ke dhArmika sampradAyoM meM zaivamata pramukha hai / vaiSNava, zAkta Adi sampradAyoM ke anuyAyiyoM se isake mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA adhika hai| ziva trimUrti meM se tIsare haiM, jinakA viziSTa kArya vizva kA saMhAra karanA hai / zaiva vaha dhArmika sampradAya hai jo ziva ko hI Izvara mAnakara ArAdhanA karatA hai| ziva kA zAbdika artha hai| 'zubha', 'kalyANa', 'maGgala', 'zreyaskara' Adi, yadyapi ziva kA kArya, jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai, saMhAra karanA hai / zaivamata kA mUla rUpa Rgveda meM rudra kI kalpanA meM milatA hai / rudra ke bhayaGkara rUpa kI abhivyakti varSA ke pUrva jhaMjhAvAta ke rUpa meM hotI thii| rudra ke upAsakoM ne anubhava kiyA ki jhaMjhAvAta ke pazcAt jagat ko jIvana pradAna karane vAlA zItala jala barasatA hai aura usake pazcAt eka gambhIra zAnti aura Ananda kA vAtAvaraNa nirmita ho jAtA hai / ataH rudra kA hI dUsarA saumya rUpa ziva janamAnasa meM sthira ho gyaa| ziva ke tIna nAma zambhu, zaGkara aura ziva prasiddha hue| inhIM nAmoM se unakI prArthanA hone lagI / yajurveda ke zatarudriya adhyAya, taittirIya AraNyaka aura zvetAzvatara upaniSada meM ziva ko Izvara mAnA gayA hai| unake pazupati rUpa kA saMketa sabase pahale atharvaziras

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634 upaniSad meM pAyA jAtA hai, jisameM pazu, pAza, pazupati Adi pAribhASika zabdoM kA prayoga huA hai / isase lagatA hai ki usa samaya se pAzupata sampradAya banane kI prakriyA prArambha ho gayI thI / rAmAyaNa- mahAbhArata ke samaya taka zaivamata zaiva athavA mAhezvara nAma se prasiddha ho cukA thA / mahAbhArata meM mAhezvaroM ke cAra sampradAya batalAye gaye haiM- (1) gaMva (2) pAzupata ( 3 ) kAladamana aura ( 4 ) kApAlika / vaiSNava AcArya yAmunAcArya ne kAladamana ko hI 'kAlamukha' kahA hai| inameM se antima do nAma ziva ko rudra tathA bhayaGkara rUpa meM sUcita karate haiM, jaba prathama do ziva ke saumya rUpa ko svIkAra karate haiN| inake dhArmika sAhitya ko zaivAgama kahA jAtA hai / inameM se kucha vaidika aura zeSa avaidika haiM / sampradAya ke rUpa meM pAzupata mata kA saMghaTana bahuta pahale prArambha ho gayA thaa| isake saMsthApaka AcArya lakulIza the| inhoMne lakula ( lakuTa ) dhArI ziva kI upAsanA kA pracAra kiyA, jisameM ziva kA rudra rUpa abhI vartamAna thA / isakI pratikriyA meM advaita darzana ke AdhAra para samayAcArI vaidika zaiva mata kA saMghaTana sampradAya ke rUpa meM huA I isakI pUjApaddhati meM ziva ke saumya rUpa kI pradhAnatA thii| kintu isa advaita zaiva sampradAya kI bhI pratikriyA huI / gyArahavIM zatAbdI meM vIra zaiva athavA liGgAyata sampradAya kA udaya huA, jisakA dArzanika AdhAra zaktiviziSTa advaitavAda thaa| kApAlikoM ne bhI apanA sAmpradAyika saMghaTana kiyA / inake sAmpradAyika cihna inakI chaH mudrikAe~ thIM, jo isa prakAra hai- (1) kaNThahAra (2) AbhUSaNa (3) karNAbhUSaNa, (4) cUDAmaNi ( 5 ) bhasma aura ( 6 ) yajJopavIta / inake AcAra ziva ke ghora rUpa ke anusAra bar3e bIbhatsa the, jaise kapAlapAtra meM bhojana, zava ke bhasma ko zarIra para lagAnA, bhasmabhakSaNa, yaSTivAraNa, madirApAtra rakhanA, madirApAtra kA Asana banAkara pUjA kA anuSThAna karanA Adi / kAlamukha sAhitya meM kahA gayA hai ki isa prakAra ke AcAra se laukika aura pAralaukika sabhI kAmanAoM kI pUrti hotI hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki kApAlika kriyAeM zuddha dazaivamata se bahuta dUra calI gayI aura inakA mela vAmamArgI zAkoM se adhika ho gayA / zevamata pahale zaivamata ke mukhyataH do hI sampradAya the --- pAzupata aura Agamika | phira inhIM se kaI upasampradAya hue, jinakI sUcI nimnAGkita hai : 1. pAzupata zaiva mata (1) pAzupata (2) lakulIza pAzupata, (3) kApAlika, 2. Agamika zaiva mata (1) zaiva siddhAnta, (2) tamila va - (3) kAzmIra zaiva, (4) vIra zaiva / pAzupata sampradAya kA AdhAragrantha mahezvara dvArA racita 'pAzupatasUtra' hai| isake Upara kauNDimvaracita 'paJcArthIbhASya' hai| isake anusAra padAthoM kI saMkhyA pA~ca hai(1) kArya (2) kAraNa ( 3 ) yoga ( 4 ) vidhi aura (5) duHkhAnta / jIva ( jIvAtmA) aura jaDa ( jagat ) ko kArya kahA jAtA hai / paramAtmA ( ziva ) inakA kAraNa hai, jisako pati kahA jAtA hai / jIva pazu aura jaDa pAza kahalAtA hai / mAnasika kriyAoM ke dvArA pazu aura pati ke saMyoga ko yoga kahate haiM / jisa mArga se pati kI prApti hotI hai use vidhi kI saMjJA dI gayI hai pUjAvidhi meM nimnAGkita kriyAe~ Avazyaka hai - (1) ha~sanA ( 2 ) gAnA (3) nAcanA ( 4 ) huMkAranA aura ( 5 ) namaskAra / saMsAra ke duHkhoM se Atyantika nivRtti hI duHkhAnta athavA mokSa hai / Agamika zavoM ke siddhAnta ke grantha saMskRta aura tamila donoM meM haiM / inameM pati, pazu aura pAza ina cAra tIna mUla tatvoM kA gambhIra vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| inake anusAra jIva pazu hai jo aza aura aNu hai jIva pazu ajJa / prakAra ke pAzoM se baddha hai / yathA - mala, mAyA aura roma zakti sAdhanA ke dvArA jaba pazu para pati kA zaktipAta ( anugraha ) hotA hai taba vaha pAza se mukta ho jAtA hai| isI ko mokSa kahate haiM / kAzmIra va mata dArzanika dRSTi se advaitavAdI hai| advaita vedAnta aura kAzmIra se mata meM sAmpradAyika antara itanA hai ki advaitavAda kA brahma niSkriya hai kintu kAzmIra zaivamata kA brahma ( paramezvara ) kartRtvasampanna hai | advaitavAda meM jJAna kI pradhAnatA hai, usake sAtha bhakti kA sAmaJjasya pUrA nahIM vaMThavA kAzmora saMyamata meM jJAna ( 4 ) nAtha sampradAya, (5) gorakha pantha, (6) rasezvara / karma,

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zaukara-zyAmA aura bhakti kA sundara samanvaya hai / advaita vedAnta meM jagat mAnate haiM / kintu varAha purANa kA zaukara kSetra to ( yatra brahma kA vivarta (bhrama ) hai| kAzmIra zaivamata meM jagat bhAgIrathI gaGgA) gaGgA ke kinAre hI honA cAhie / brahma kA svAtantrya athavA AbhAsa hai| kAzmIra zaiva zauca-ekAdazI tattva meM uddhRta bRhaspati ke anusAra darzana kI do pramukha zAkhAe~ hai-spanda zAstra aura zauca (zuddhi) kI paribhASA isa prakAra hai : aura pratyabhijJA zAstra / pahalI zAkhA ke mukhya grantha 'ziva abhakSyaparihArastu saMsargazcApyaninditaH / dRSTi' ( somAnanda kRta ), 'IzvarapratyabhijJAkArikA' svadharma ca vyavasthAnaM zaucametat prakIrtitam / / (utpalAcArya kRta), 'IzvarapratyabhijJAkArikAvimazinI' aura ( abhinavagupta racita ) 'tantrAloka' haiN| donoM [abhakSya kA parityAga, nindita puruSoM ke saMsarga kA parityAga, apane dharma meM vyavasthiti (dRr3hatA) ko zauca zAkhAoM meM koI tAttvika bheda nahIM hai| kevala mArga kA bheda kahate haiN| hai / spanda zAstra meM IzvarAya kI anubhUti kA mArga Izvaradarzana aura usake dvArA malanivAraNa hai| pratya- garuDapurANa (110 adhyAya) meM zauca kI nimnalikhita bhijJAzAstra meM Izvara ke rUpa meM apanI pratyabhijJA (punaranu paribhASA hai : bhUti) hI vaha mArga hai| ina donoM zAkhAoM ke darzana ko sarveSAmeva zaucAnAmarthazaucaM viziSyate / 'trikadarzana' athavA 'IzvarAdvayavAda' kahA jAtA hai| yo'rthArtherazuciH zaucAnna mudA vAriNA zuciH / / satyazaucaM manaHzaucaM zaucamindriyanigrahaH / vIrazaiva mata ke saMsthApaka mahAtmA basava the| isa sampradAya sarvabhUtadA zaucaM jalazaucantu paJcamam / ke mukhya grantha brahmasUtra para 'zrIkarabhASya' aura 'siddhAnta yasya satyaJca zaucaJca tasya svargo na durlabhaH / / zikhAmaNi' hai / inake anusAra antima tattva advaita nahIM, aura bhI kahA hai : apitu viziSTAdvaita hai| yaha sampradAya mAnatA hai ki parama yAvatA zaddhi manyeta tAvacchaucaM samAcaret / tattva ziva pUrNa ahantArUpa athavA pUrNa svAtantryarUpa hai| pramANaM zaucasaMkhyAyA na ziSTarupadizyate // sthUla cidacicchakti viziSTa jIva aura sUkSma cidacicchakti viziSTa ziva kA advaita hai| vIrazaiva mata ko liGgAyata zaucantu dvividhaM proktaM bAhyamAbhyantaraM tathA / bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki isake anuyAyI barAbara zivaliGga mRjjalAbhyAM smRtaM bAhya bhAvazuddhirathAntaram // gale meM dhAraNa karate haiM / ( anya zaiva sampradAyoM ko yathA- jananAzIca, maraNAzauca, sparzAzauca Adi aneka prakAra sthAna dekhie / ) ke azauca se zauca prApta karane kI vidhiyA~ purANoM aura zaukara-zakarakSetra kA hI paryAya / yaha gaGgAtaTavartI prasiddha paravartI smRtiyoM meM bharI par3I haiM / de0 padmapurANa, uttaratIrtha hai / varAhapurANastha zaukaratIrthamAhAtmya ke 'Aditya khaNDa, 109 adhyAya; kUrmapurANa, upavibhAga, 22 adhyAya / varapradAna-gRdhrajambukopAkhyAna' nAmaka adhyAya meM isakA zmazAna-zavasaMskAra kA sthAna zmanAM (zavAnAM zAnaM varNana pAyA jAtA hai: zayanaM yatra) / isake paryAya haiM pitRvana, rudrAkrIDa, dAhasara Adi / vArANasI ko mahAzmazAna kahA gayA hai : zRNu me parama guhyaM yattvayA paripucchitam / 'vArANasIti vikhyAtA rudrAvAsa iti dvijAH / mama kSetraM paraJcaiva zuddhaM bhAgavatapriyam / / mahAzmazAnamityevaM proktamAnandakAnanam / / ' paraM kokAmukhaM sthAnaM tathA kubjAmrakaM param / paraM zaukaranaM sthAnaM sarga saMsAramokSaNam // zmazAna se lauTane para zauca Adi kI vidhi zAstroM meM yatra saMsthA ca me devi hyaddhRtAsi rasAtalAt / nirdiSTa hai| de0 varAhapurANa, zmazAnapravezAparAdhaprAyayatra bhAgIrathI gaGgA mama zaukarave sthitA // zcitta nAmAdhyAya / adhikAMza vidvAnoM ke vicAra meM Adhunika 'soroM' zmazAnakAlI-kAlI kA eka vizeSa rUpa / de0 kAlItantra / ( eTA jilA ) hI zaukara athavA zUkara kSetra hai| kucha zyAmA-kAlikA athavA durgA / zyAmA kI utpatti kA varNana loga isako ayodhyA ke pAsa vArAhakSetra ke sthAna para isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai :

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636 tataH sA kAlikA devI yoganidrA jaganmayI / pUrvatyaktasatIrUpA janmArtha menakAM yayau // samayasyAnurUpeNa menakAjaThare zivA / sambhUya ca samutpannA sA lakSmIriva sAgarAt // vasantasamaye devI navamyAM mRgayogataH / ardharAtrI samutpannA gaGgeva zazimaNDalAt / tAntu dRSTvA yathA jAto nIlotpaladalAnugAm / sAmekAdevI mudamASAtivitA || devAzca harSamatulaM prApustatra muhurmuhuH // Adi (kAlikApurANa 40 adhyAya) tantra granthoM meM zyAmApUjA kA vistRta vidhAna hai / de0 kAlItantra, vIratantra, kumArIkalpa, tambasAra, gopya gopya - lIlAgama Adi / zravaNa - navadhA bhakti kA eka prakAra / bhagavAn kI kIrti ko sunanA 'zravaNa' kahalAtA hai / (2) manusmRti ( 8.74) ke anusAra samakSa darzana aura zravaNa donoM se sAkSya siddha hotA hai| zrAddha - zraddhApUrvaka zAstravidhi se pitaroM kI tRpti ke lie kiyA gayA dhArmika kRtya / isakA lakSaNa isa prakAra varNita hai : saMskRtavyaJjanAdayazca payodadhighRtAnvitam / zraddhayA dIyate yasmAt zrAddhaM tena nigadyate // manu ke anusAra dhAddha pA~ca prakAra kA hai: nityaM naimittikaM kAmyaM vRddhizrAddhaM tathaiva ca / pArvaNaJceti manunA zrAddhaM paJcavidhaM smRtam // vizvAmitra ke anusAra bAr3ha bAraha zrAddha hotA hai : nityaM naimittikaM kAmyaM vRddhizrAddhaM sapiNDanam / pArvaNaceti vijJeyaM goSThayAM zuddhaparthamaSTamam // karmA navamaM proktaM daivikaM dazamaM smRtam / yAtrArthekAdazaM prokaM puSTyartha dvAdazaM smRtam // bhaviSyapurANa meM ina zrAddhoM kA nimnalikhita vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai : prakAra kA 1. nitya bAjo prati dina zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai use nitya zrAddha kahate haiM / 2. naimittika - eka ( pitR) ke uddezya se jo zrAddha (ekoddiSTa) kiyA jAtA hai use naimittika kahate haiM / zravaNa- zrI isako adeva rUpa se kiyA jAtA hai aura isameM ayugma (viSama) saMkhyA ke brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAyA jAtA hai / 3. kAmya dhAkhakisI kAmanA ke anukUla abhi pretArtha siddhi ke lie jo dhAddha kiyA jAtA hai use kAmya kahate haiM / 4. pArvaNa zrAddha-pArvaNa (mahAlayA amAvasyA ke vidhAna se jo dhAddha kiyA jAtA hai use pArvaNa zrAddha kahate haiN| 5. vRddhi zrAddha vRddhi (saMtAna, vivAha) meM jo zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai use vRddhi zrAddha kahate haiM / 6. preta ko pitaroM ke sAtha milita karane ke lie jo zrAddha kiyA jAtA hai use sapiNDana kahate haiM / 7-12. zeSa nitya zrAddha ke samAna hote haiN| de0 kUrma, varAha (zrAddhotpattinAmAdhyAya), viSNu purANa aMza, 13 adhyAya), garuDa purANa ( 99 adhyAya) / zrAvaNI zravaNa nakSatra se yukta zrAvaNamAsa kI pUrNimA ko zrAvaNI kahate haiM / yaha pavitra tithi mAnI jAtI hai / prAcIna kAla meM zaikSaNika satra isI samaya se prArambha hotA thaa| isa dina dhAvaNI karma athavA upAkarma kiyA jAtA thA, jisake pazcAt apanI-apanI zAkhA kA vaidika adhyayana prArambha hotA thA / Ajakala zrAvaNI ke dina rakSAbandhana kI prathA cala gayI hai, jisakA uddezya hai kisI mahAn tyAga ke lie apane sambandhI mitroM athavA yajamAnoM ko pratibaddha (pratidyuta) karanA / dhAvastI - uttara pradeza meM goMDA-baharAica jiloM kI sImA para sthita bauddha tIrthasthAna / goMDA-balarAmapura se 12 mIla pazcima Aja kA saheta maheta grAma hI bAvastI hai| prAcIna kAla meM yaha kosala deza kI dUsarI rAjadhAnI thii| bhagavAn rAma ke putra lava ne ise apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA / zrAvastI bauddha, jaina donoM kA tIrtha hai / tathAgata dIrgha kAla taka zrAvastI meM rahe the| yahA~ ke zreSThI anAthapiNDika ne asaMkhya svarNamudrAe~ vyaya karake bhagavAn buddha ke lie jetavana vihAra banavAyA thaa| aba yahA~ bauddha dharmazAlA, maTha aura mandira haiM / zrI - ( 1 ) lakSmI ( zrayati hari yA), viSNupatnI / (2) yaha devatAoM aura mAnavoM ke lie sammAnasUcaka vizeSaNa zabda hai : - 'devaM guruM gurusthAnaM kSetra kSetrAdhidevatAm / siddhaM siddhAdhikArAMzca dhIpUrva samudIrayet // '

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zrIkaNTha-zrImati 637 zrIkaNTha-ziva kA eka viruda (zrIH zobhA kaNThe yasya) / zivabhakti ke adhika pracAra ke kAraNa pUre kuru-jAGgala ( hariyAnA ) pradeza ko zrIkaNTha kahA jAtA thaa| zrIcakra-tripurasundarI devI kI pUjA kA vizeSa yantra / mantramahodadhi (11 taraGga) meM isakI racanA kA nimnAGkita varNana hai: zrIcakraspoddhatiM vakSye tatra pUjAprasiddhaye / bindugarbha trikoNaMtu kRtvA cASTAramuddharet / / dazAradvayamanvasrASTAraSoDazakoNakam / trirekhAtmakabhUgehaveSTitaM yantramAlikhet // zrIcakra sRSTyAtmaka yantra hai| bindu ke sAtha tIna AdhAroM para sthita aSTakoNa saMhAracakra hotA hai| bAraha aura caudaha aroM vAlA yantra sthiticakra ho jAtA hai / yAmalatantra meM kahA gayA hai : bindutrikoNavasukoNadazArayugmamanvasranAgadalasaGgataSoDazA ram / vRttatrayaJca dharaNIsadanatrayaJca zrIcakrarAjamuditaM paradevatAyAH / / zrIcakra ke pUjana se Rddhi, siddhi tathA sukha, sampatti prApta hotI haiM : SoDazaM vA mahAdAnaM kRtvA yallabhate phalam / tatphalaM samavApnoti kRtvA zrIcakradarzanam / (tantrasAra) zrInagara-(1) kazmIra kI rAjadhAnI, uttarApatha kA prasiddha tIrthasthAna / zrInagara tathA usake AsapAsa bahuta se darzanIya sthAna haiM / zrInagara se lagI haI eka pahAr3I para Adya zaMkarAcArya dvArA sthApita zivamUrti hai| isa parvata ko zaMkarAcArya TekarI kahate haiN| lagabhaga do mIla kar3I car3hAI hai / mandira bahuta prAcIna hai| isI ke nIce zaGkaramaTha hai| isako durgAnAgamandira bhI kahate haiM / nagara meM zAha hamadana kI masjida hai jo devadAru kI caukora lakar3I kI banI hai / isa sthAna para prAcIna mandira thaa| kone meM pAnI kA srota hai| hindU isa sthAna kI pUjA karate haiN| kAlImandira kA sthAna aba zmazAnabhUmi ke rUpa meM hai / nagara ke pAsa hariparvata hai jo choTI pahAr3I ke rUpa meM hai / akabara ne usa para eka parakoTA banavAyA thaa| usake andara mandira aura gurudvArA bhI hai / aba vaha surakSita sainika sthAna hai / zrInagara meM do kalApUrNa masjideM darzanIya haiM, vizeSa kara narajahA~ kI banavAyI patthara kI masjida / isake atirikta magala udyAna apane saundarya ke lie vizva meM prasiddha hai| Dala jhIla ke kinAre ke mukhya udyAna zAlImArabAga, nizAtabAga hai / naukA se dekhane yogya nasImabAga hai| zaGkarAcAryazikhara ke pAsa hI aba neharUpArka bana gayA hai, jahA~ jhIla meM snAna kI bhI uttama suvidhA hai / jammU se zrInagara jAte samaya madhya meM eka pahAr3I mArga vaiSNavI devI ke lie jAtA hai / Azvina ke navarAtra meM yahA~ melA hotA hai| zrInagara se Age anantanAga, mArtaNDa, amaranAtha Adi dharmasthAnoM kI yAtrA kI jAtI hai| (2) zrInagara (dvitIya) badarikAzrama ke mArga meM TIharI jile kA pramukha nagara hai| yahA~ bhI zaGkarAcArya dvArA pratiSThita zrIyantra kA darzana hotA thA, jo aba gaGgA ke garbha meM vilIna hai| zrImati-deva vigraha arthAt devatA kI pratimA (vizeSataH vaiSNava) ko zrImUrti kahate haiN| zrImUrtiyoM ke prakAra kA varNana bhAgavata meM isa taraha hai : / zailI dArumayI lauhI lepyA lekhyA ca sktii| manomayI maNimayI pratimASTavidhA matA // cakre'smin pUjayet yo hi sa saubhAgyamavApnuyAt / aNimAdyaSTasiddhInAmadhipo jAyate'cirAt / / vidrume racite yantre padmarAge'thavA priye / indranIle'tha vaidUrye sphATike mArakate'pi vA / / dhanaM putrAn tathA dArAn yazAMsi labhate dhruvam / tAmrantu kAntidaM proktaM suvarNaM zatrunAzanam / / rAjataM kSemadaJcaiva sphATika sarvasiddhidam / zrIcakra ke pAdodaka (caraNAmRta) kA mahattva isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : gaGgApuSkaranarmadAsu yamunAgodAvarIgomatIgaGgAdvAragayAprayAgabadarIvArANasIsindhuSu / revAsetusarasvatIprabhRtiSu brahmANDabhANDodare tIrthasnAnasahasrakoTiphaladaM zrIcakrapAdodakam // zrIcakra ke darzana kA mahAn phala kahA gayA hai : samyak zatakratUn kRtvA yat phalaM samavApnuyAt / tatphalaM labhate bhaktyA kRtvA zrIcakradarzanam //

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638 zrIraGgapaTTana-zrIrAma calAcaleti dvividhA pratiSThA jIvamandiram / na ho| rAmasampradAya meM itihAsa, dharma aura darzana kA hayazIrSapaJcarAtra meM zrImUrtiyoM ke vistRta lakSaNa pAye __adbhuta samanvaya hai| sItA rAma kI patnI haiM, kintu jAte haiM / de0 zrIharibhaktivilAsa, 181 vilAsa / ve Adizakti aura divya zrI bhI haiM / ve svargazrI haiM jo zrIraGgapaTTana-karNATaka pradeza kA prasiddha vaiSNava tIrtha / kAverI tapa se prApta huI thiiN| ve vizva kI cetanAcetana prakRti hai nadI kI dhArA meM tIna dvIpa hai-AdiraGgam, madhyaraGgam (devI upaniSad 2.294) / aura antaraGgam / zrIraGgapaTTana hI AdiraGgam hai| yahA~ rAmAvata sampradAya kA mantra 'rAmAya namaH' athavA bhagavAn nArAyaNa kI zeSazAyI zrImati hai| kahate hai ki tAntrika rUpa meM rAM rAmAya namaH' hai| 'rAma' kA zAbdika yahA~ maharSi gautama ne tapasyA kI thI aura zrIraGgamati artha hai '(vizva meM) ramaNa karane vAlA' athavA 'vizva ko kI sthApanA bhI kI thii| apane saundarya se mugdha karane vAlA' / rAmapUrvatApanIyo paniSad (1.11-13) meM isa mantra kA rahasya batalAyA zrI rAma-rAma athavA rAmacandra ayodhyA ke sUryavaMzI rAjA gayA hai : dazaratha ke putra the / tretA yuga meM inakA prAdurbhAva huA jisa prakAra vizAla vaTavRkSa kI prakRti eka anyanta thA / ye bhagavAn viSNu ke avatAra mAne jAte haiM / vaiSNava sUkSma bIja meM nihita hotI hai, usI prakAra carAcara jagat to inako parabrahma hI samajhate haiN| bhArata ke dhArmika bIjamantra 'rAma' meM nihita hai / padmapurANa kI lomazaitihAsa meM vizeSa aura vizva ke dhArmika itihAsa meM bhI saMhitA meM kahA gayA hai ki vaidika aura laukika bhASA ke inakA bahuta U~cA sthAna hai| rAma ko maryAdApuruSottama samasta zabda yuga-yuga meM 'rAma' se hI utpanna aura usI meM kahate haiM jinhoMne apane caritra dvArA dharma aura nIti kI vilIna hote haiN| vAstava meM vaiSNava rAmAvata sampradAya meM maryAdA kI sthApanA kii| unakA rAjya nyAya, zAnti aura rAma kA vahI sthAna hai jo vedAnta meM om kA / tArasukha kA Adarza thaa| isIlie aba bhI 'rAmarAjya' sAra upaniSad (2.2-5) meM kahA gayA hai ki rAma kI naitika rAjanIti kA carama Adarza hai| rAmarAjya vaha sampUrNa kathA 'om' kI hI abhivyakti hai : rAjya hai jisameM manuSya ko trividha tApa-Adhibhautika, "a se brahmA kI utpatti huI hai, jo rAmAvatAra meM Adhidaivika tathA AdhyAtmika-nahIM ho sakate / jAmbavAn (RkSoM ke rAjA) hue| use viSNu (upendra) kI inakA avatAra eka mahAn uddezya ko lekara huA thaa| utpatti huI, jo sugrIva hue (vAnaroM ke raajaa)| ma se vaha thA AsurI zakti kA vinAza tathA daivI vyavasthA kI ziva kA prAdurbhAva huA, jo hanumAn hue| sAnunAsika sthaapnaa| pitA dvArA inakA vanavAsa bhI isI uddezya se huA bindu se zatrughna prakaTa hue| om ke nAda se bharata kA thA evaM sItA kA apaharaNa bhI isI kI siddhi ke lie| avataraNa huaa| isa zabda kI kalA se lakSmaNa ne janma rAvaNa vadha bhI isIlie huA / rAmapUrvatApanIyopaniSad liyaa| isakI kAlAtIta dhvani se lakSmI kA prAdurbhAva ke Upara brahmayogI ke bhASya (aprakAzita) meM isakA eka huA, jo sItA huii| ina sabake Upara paramAtmA vizvapuruSa dUsarA hI uddezya batAyA gayA hai| vaha hai rAvaNa kA svayaM rAma ke rUpa meM avatarita hue|" uddhAra / vaiSNava sAhitya meM rAvaNa pUrva janma meM viSNu kA rAmAvata pUjA paddhati meM sItA aura rAma kI yugala pArSada mAnA gayA hai| eka brAhmaNa ke zApa se vaha murtiyA~ mandiroM meM padharAyI jAtI haiN| rAma kA varNa zyAma rAkSasa yoni meM janmA / usako punaH viSNuloka meM bhejanA hotA hai / ve pItAmbara dhAraNa karate haiN| keza jUTAkRti bhagavAn rAma (viSNu) kA uddezya thaa| rakhe jAte haiM / unakI AjAnu bhujAe~ tathA dIrgha karNarAmabhakti kA bhArata meM vyApaka pracAra hai| rAma- kuNDala hote haiN| ve gale meM vanamAlA dhAraNa karate haiM, prasanna paJcAyatana meM cAroM bhAI tathA sItA aura unake aura darpayukta mudrA meM dhanuSa-bANa dhAraNa karate haiM / pArSada hanumAn kI pUjA hotI hai / hanumAn kI mUrti to aSTa siddhiyA~ unake saundarya ko bar3hAtI haiN| unakI rAma kI mUrti se bhI adhika vyApaka hai| zAyada hI aisA bAyIM ora jagajjananI Adizakti sItA kI mUrti koI gA~va yA TolA ho jahA~ unakI mUrti athavA cabUtarA svatantra athavA rAma kI bAyI jaMghA para sthita hotI hai /

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zrIvatsAGkamizra (kUreza svAmI)-zrItadharma ve zuddha kAJcana ke samAna virAjatI haiN| unakI bhI do mAdanaM zivacandrADhya zivAntaM mInalocane / bhujAe~ haiM / ve divya ratnoM se vibhUSita rahatI haiM aura hAtha kAmarAjamidaM bhadre SaDvarNaM sarvamohanam / meM divya kamala dhAraNa karatI haiN| inake pIche lakSmaNa kI zaktibIjaM varArohe candrAdyaM sarvamohanam / / mUrti bhI pAyI jAtI hai| de0 rAmapUrvatApanIyopaniSad, etAmupAsya devezi kAmaH sarvAGgasundaraH / 4.7.10 / de0 'raam'| kAmarAjo bhaveddevi vidyeyaM brahmarUpiNI // zrIvatsAGkamizra (kUreza svAmI)-svAmI rAmAnujAcArya ke tantrasAra meM isake dhyAna kI vidhi isa prakAra batAyI ananya sevaka aura sahakarmI ziSya / inakA tamila nAma gayI hai : kUrattAlavana thA, jisakA tadbhava kUreza hai / kAJcIpurI ke bAlArka maNDalAbhAsAM caturbAhuM trilocanAm / samIpa kUrama grAma meM inakA janma huA thaa| ye vyAkaraNa, pAzAGkuzazarAMzcApaM dhArayantIM zivAM zraye / / sAhitya aura darzanoM ke pUrNa jJAtA the / 'paJcastavI' Adi zrati-zravaNa se prApta hone vAlA jJAna / yaha zravaNa yA to inakI bhakti aura kavitvapUrNa prasiddha racanAe~ hai| kAJcI tattva kA sAkSAt anubhava hai, athavA gurumukha evaM paramparA meM ye rAmAnuja svAmI ke zaraNAgata hue aura AjIvana se prApta jJAna / lAkSaNika artha meM isakA prayoga 'veda' ke unakI sevA meM nirata rahe / lie hotA hai / de0 'veda' / rAmAnuja svAmI jaba brahmasUtra kI bodhAyanAcArya kRta zrotriya-zrati athavA veda adhyayana karane vAlA brAhmaNa / vRtti kI khoja meM kazmIra gaye the, taba kurezajI bhI unake padmapurANa ke uttara khaNDa (116 adhyAya ) meM zrotriya kA sAtha the / kahate haiM ki kazmIrI paMDitoM ne inako ukta lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : brahmasUtravRtti kevala par3hane ko dI thI; sAtha le jAne yA janmanA brAkSAgo jJeyaH saMskArairdvija ucyate / pratilipi karane kI svIkRti nahIM thii| anadhikArI kazmIrI vedAbhyAsI bhaveda vipraH zrotriyastribhireva ca / / paMDitoM kI apekSA vaha rAmAnuja svAmI ke lie adhika [janma se brAhmaNa jAnA jAtA hai, saMskAroM se dvija, spRhaNIya thii| kintu paMDitoM ne usa grantha ko svAmIjI vedAbhyAsa karane se vipra hotA hai aura tInoM se zrotriya / ] se balapUrvaka chIna liyA / sudUra dakSiNa se yahA~ taka kI mArkaNDeya purANa tathA manusmRti meM bhI prAyaH zrotriya kI yAtrA ko viphala dekhakara rAmAnuja svAmI ko bar3A kheda yahI paribhASA pAyI jAtI hai / dAnakamalAkara meM thor3I huaa| usa samaya kUrezajI ne adbhata smRtizakti ke bala se bhinna paribhASA milatI hai : bodhAyanavRtti gurujI ko AnupUrvI sunA dii| guru-ziSya ekA zAkhAM sakalpAM vA SaDbhiraGgaradhItya ca / donoM ne usakI pratilipi taiyAra kara lI / pazcAt kAJcI SaTkarmanirato vipraH zrotrayo nAma dharmavit / / lauTakara AcArya ne isI vRtti ke AdhAra para brahmasUtra ke [kalpa ke sAtha eka vaidika zAkhA athavA cha: vedAGgoM zrIbhASya kI racanA kI thii| ke sAtha eka vaidika zAkhA kA adhyayana kara SaTkarma meM zrIvidyA-AdyA mahAzakti kI mantramayI mUrti / vAstava meM __lagA huA brAhmaNa zrotriya kahalAtA hai / ] tripurasundarI hI zrIvidyA hai| isake chattIsa bheda hai / dharmazAstra meM zrotriyoM ke aneka kartavyoM tathA adhikAroM jJAnArNavatantra meM zrIvidyA ke bAre meM nimnAGkita varNana kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| zrAddha Adi karmoM meM unakA milatA hai : vaiziSTaya svIkAra kiyA gayA thaa| rAjA ko yaha dekhanA bhUmizcandraH zivo mAyA zaktiH kRSNAdhvamAdinI / Avazyaka thA ki usake rAjya meM koI zrotriya prazrayahIna arddhacandrazca binduzca navArNo merurucyate / / na rhe| mahAtripurasundaryA mantrA merusamudbhavAH / zrautadharma-vedavihita dharma (zruti se utpanna zrauta ) / sakalA bhuvanezAnI kAmezo bIjamuddhRtam / / matsya purANa ( 120 adhyAya ) meM zrIta tathA smArta dharma anena sakalA vidyAH kathayAmi varAnane / kA vibheda isa prakAra kiyA gayA hai : zaktyantastUryavarNo'yaM kalamadhye sulocane / dharmavihito dharmaH zrotaH smArto dvidhA dvijaiH / vAgbhavaM paJcavarNADhaya kAmarAjamathocyate / dAnAgnihotrasambandhamijyA zrautasya lakSaNam / /

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zvetaketu-SaTakarma smArto varNAzramAcAro yamaizca niyamairyataH / tantrazAstra meM isake bahuta se paryAya batalAye gaye haiM : pUrvebhyo vedayitveha zrautaM saptarSayo'bruvan / / SaH zveto vAsudevazca pItA prAjJA vinAyakaH / Rco yajUMSi sAmAni brahmaNo'GgAni sA zrutiH / parameThI vAmabAhuH zreSTho garbhavimocanaH / manvantarasyAtItasya smRtvA tanmanurabravIt // lambodaro yamau lezaH kAmadhuk kAmadhUmakaH / tataH smAtaH smRto dharmo varNAzramavibhAgazaH / suzrI uznA vRSo lajjA marudbhakSyaH priyaH zivaH / evaM vai dvividho dharmaH ziSTAcAraH sa ucyate / / sUryAtmA jaTharaH krodho mattA vakSI vihaarinnii| ijyA vedAtmakaH zrItaH smArto varNAzramAtmakaH / / kalakaNTho madhyabhinnA yuddhAtmA malapUH ziraH // [dharmajJa brAhmaNoM dvArA do prakAra kA, zrota tathA smArta, SaTkarma-(1) kucha dhArmika vibhAgoM ke chaH pradhAna kRtya / dharma vihita hai / dAna, agnihotra, inase sambaddha yajJa zrauta brAhmaNoM ke mukhya cha: kartavya SaTkarma kahalAte haiM / ye haiM (1) dharma ke lakSaNa haiM / yama aura niyamoM ke sahita varNa tathA adhyayana (2) adhyApana (3) yajana (4) yAjana (5) dAna Azrama kA AcAra smArta kahalAtA hai| saptaSiyoM ne pUrNa aura (6) prtigrh| manu Adi smRtiyoM meM ina karmoM kA ( RSiyoM ) se jAnakara zrauta dharma kA pravacana kiyaa| vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai : Rk, yajuS, sAma, brAhmaNa tathA vedAGga ye zruti kahalAte ijyAdhyayanadAnAni yAjanAdhyApane tathA / haiM / manu ne atIta manvantaroM ke dharma kA smaraNa kara smAta pratigrahazca tairyuktaH SaTkarmA vipra ucyate / / dharma kA vidhAna kiyA / isIlie yaha smArta ( smRti se (2) Agama aura tantra meM chaH prakAra ke zAnti Adi utpanna ) dharma kahalAtA hai| yaha varNAzrama ke vibhAgakrama karmI ko SaTkarma kahate haiN| zAradAtilaka meM inakA se hai| isa prakAra nizcaya hI yaha do prakAra kA dharma varNana pAyA jAtA hai : ziSTAcAra kahalAtA hai| ( saMkSepa meM) yajJa aura veda zAnti-vazya-stambhanAni vidveSoccATane tataH / sambandhI AcAra zrota tathA varNAzrama sambandhI AcAra mAraNAntAni zaMsanti SaTkarmANi manISiNaH / / smArta kahalAtA hai / ] roga-kRtyA-grahAdInAM nirAsaH zAntirIritA / zvetaketu-zvetaketu kI kathA upaniSad meM mUlataH AtI vazyaM janAnAM sarveSAM vidheyatvamudIritam / / hai| ye uddAlaka ke putra the| eka bAra atithisatkAra meM pravattirodhaH sargeSAM stambhanaM tadudAhRtam / uddAlaka ne apanI patnI ko bhI arpita kara diyaa| isa snigdhAnAM klezajananaM mitho vidveSaNaM matam // dUSita prathA kA virodha zvetaketu ne kiyA / vAstava meM uccATanaM svadezAdebhraMzanaM parikIrtitam / kucha parvatIya AraNyaka logoM meM Adima jIvana ke kucha ava prANinAM prANaharaNaM mAraNaM tadudAhRtama // zeSa kahIM-kahIM abhI cale A rahe the, jinake anusAra striyA~ svadevatAdikkAlAdIn jJAtvA karmANi sAdhayet / / apane pati ke atirikta anya puruSoM ke sAtha bhI sambandha ratirvANI ramA jyeSThA durgA kAlI yathA kramama / kara sakatI thiiN| isa prathA ko zvetaketu ne banda kraayaa| SaTkarmadevatA proktAH karmAdau tAH prapUjayet / / mahAbhArata (1.122.9-20 ) meM isakA ullekha hai / Iza-candrendra-niRti-vAyvAgnInAndizo matAH / sUryodayaM samArabhya ghaTikAdazakaM kramAta // Sa-USma varNoM kA dvitIya akSara / kAmadhenutantra meM isake RtavaH syunasantAdyA ahorAtra dine dine / svarUpa kA varNana nimnAMkita hai : vasanta-grISma-varSAkhya-zarada-hemanta-zaizirAH // SakAraM zRNu cAnaGgi aSTakoNamayaM sadA / [(1) zAnti (2) vazya ( vazIkaraNa ) (3) stambhana, raktacandrapratIkAzaM svayaM paramakuNDalI // (4) vidveSa (5) uccATana aura (6) mAraNa inako caturnargamayaM varNa paJcaprANamayaM sadA / manISI loga SaT karma kahate haiN| roga, kRtyA, graha Adi rajaH sattvatamoyuktaM trizaktisahitaM sadA / / kA nivAraNa 'zAnti' kahalAtA hai| saba janoM kA sevaka tribindusahitaM varNam AtmAditattvasaMyutam / ho jAnA 'vazya' kahA gayA hai / sabakI pravRtti kA rodha sarvadevamayaM varNaM hRdi bhAvaya pAnati // 'stambhana' kahalAtA hai| mitroM ke bIca meM klega utpanna ,

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SaTcakra-SaTatIrtha karanA 'vidvaSa' hai| apane deza se bhraMza (ukhAr3a) utpanna karanA 'uccATana' hai| prANiyoM kA prANa haraNa kara lenA 'mAraNa' kahA gayA hai / inake devatAoM, dizA, kAla Adi ko jAnakara ina karmoM kI sAdhanA karanA cAhie / rati, vANI, ramA, jyeSThA, durgA aura kAlI kramazaH inakI devatA haiM / karma ke Adi meM inakI pUjA karanI caahie| Iza, candra, indra, niRti, vAyu aura agni inako dizAe~ haiM / sUryodaya se prArambha kara dasa ghaTikA ke krama se vasanta Adi Rtue~ dina-rAta meM prati dina hotI haiN| vasanta, grISma, varSA, zarada, hemanta aura zizira ye Rtue~ haiM / ] (3) gheraNDasaMhitA meM cha: prakAra ke haThayoga ke aGgoM ko bhI SaTkarma kahA gayA hai : dhautirvastistathA netiaulikI trATakastathA / kapAlabhAtizcaitAni SaTkarmANi samAcaret // [ (1) dhauti (2) vasti (3) neti (4) naulikI (5) trATaka aura (6) kapAlabhAti ina cha: karmoM kA AcaraNa karanA caahie| SaTcakra-zarIra meM sthita cha: cakroM ke samAhAra ko SaTcakra kahate haiM / padma purANa (svarga khaNDa, adhyAya 27) meM inakA varNana isa prakAra hai: sapta padmAni tava santi lokA iva prabho / gude pRthvIsamaM cakraM haridvarNaM caturdalam / / liMge tu SaDdalaM cakraM svAdhiSThAnamiti smRtam / trilokavahninilayaM taptacAmIkaraprabham / / nAbhau dazadalaM cakraM kuNDalinyAM samanvitam / nIlAJjananibhaM brahmasthAnaM pUrvakamandiram / / maNipUrAbhidhaM svacchaM jalasthAnaM prakIrtitam / udyadAdityasaMkAzaM hRdi cakramanAhatam / / kumbhakAkhyaM dvAdazAraM vaiSNavaM vAyumandiram / kaNThe vizuddhazaraNaM SoDazAraM purodayam / / zAmbhavIvaracakrAkhyaM candravinduvibhUSitam / SaSThamAjJAlayaM cakraM dvidalaM zvetamuttamam // rAdhAcakramiti khyAtaM manaHsthAnaM prakIrtitam / sahasradalamekArNaM paramAtmaprakAzakam / / nityaM jJAnamayaM satyaM sahasrAditya sannibham / SaT cakrANIha bhedyAni naitad bhedya kathaJcana / / [he prabho ! vahA~ (zarIra meM) sAta padma (kamala) sAta lokoM ke samAna hote haiN| gudA meM pRthvI ke samAna, mUlA dhAra' cakra hotA hai, jo haridvarNa aura cAra dala vAlA hai| liGga meM SaDdala cakra hotA hai, jisako 'svAdhiSThAna' kahate haiM / vaha tInoM lokoM meM vyApta agni kA nivAsa hai aura tapta sone ke samAna prabhA vAlA hai / nAbhi meM dazadala cakra kuNDalinI meM samanvita hai| yaha nIlAJjana ke samAna, brahmasthAna aura usakA mandira hai| ise 'maNipUra' kahate haiM, jo svaccha jala ke samAna prasiddha hai| hadaya meM 'anAhatacakra' hai jo udaya hote hue sUrya ke samAna prakAzamAna hai| isakA nAma kumbhata hai, yaha dvAdaza aroM vAlA vaiSNava aura vAyu-mandira hai / kaNDa meM 'vizuddhazaraNa' SoDazAra, purodaya, zAmbhavIvaracakra hai jo candrabindu se vibhUSita hai| chaThA 'AjJAlaya' cakra hai jo do dala vAlA aura zvetavarNa hai / yaha rAdhA cakra nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| yaha mana kA sthAna hai / ye hI SaTcakra (jAnArtha kramazaH) bhedana karane yogya hai; kintu sahasradala cakra paramAtmA se prakAzita hai| yaha nitya, jJAnamaya, satya aura sahasra sUryoM ke samAna prakAzamAna hai| isakA bhedana nahIM hotA / ] SaTatIrtha-sarvasAdhAraNa ke lie cha: tIrtha sadA sarvatra sulabha haiM : (1) bhaktatIrtha-dharmarAja yudhiSThira vidurajI se kahate haiM, "Apa jaise bhAgavata (bhagavAn ke priya bhakta) svayaM hI tIrtha rUpa hote haiN| Apa loga apane hRdaya meM virAjita bhagavAn ke dvArA tIrthoM ko bhI mahAtIrtha banAte hue vicaraNa karate hai| (2) gurutIrtha-sUrya dina meM prakAza karatA hai, candramA rAtri meM prakAzita hotA hai aura dIpaka ghara meM ujAlA karatA hai| parantu guru ziSya ke hRdaya meM rAta-dina sadA hI prakAza phailAte rahate haiM / ve ziSya ke sampUrNa ajJAnamaya andhakAra kA nAza kara dete haiN| ataeva ziSyoM ke lie guru parama tIrtha hai| (3) mAtA tIrtha, (4) pitA-tIrtha-putroM ko isa loka aura paraloka meM kalyANakArI mAtA-pitA ke samAna koI tIrtha nahIM hai / putroM ke lie mAtA-pitA kA pUjana hI dharma hai / vahI tIrtha hai / vahI mokSa hai / vahI janma kA zubha phala hai / (5) patitIrtha-jo strI pati ke dAhine caraNa ko prayAga aura vAma caraNa ko puSkara mAnakara pati ke caraNodaka se snAna karatI hai, use una tIrthoM ke snAna kA puNya 81

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642 SaTtriMzat-paSTitantra phala milatA hai isameM koI saMdeha nhiiN| pati sarvatIrthamaya siddhAntoM kA prauDha dArzanika zailI meM yaha nirUpaNa karatA aura sarvapuNyamaya hai| hai| isake krama, bhakti, prema sandarbha Adi chaH khaNDa hai| (6) patnItIrtha-sadAcAra kA pAlana karane vAlI, SaDakSaradeva-vIrazaiva sampradAya ke AcArya, jo 1657 I0 prazaMsanIya AcaraNa karane vAlI, dharma sAdhana meM lagI haI, ke Asa-pAsa hae (de0 rAisa : kannaDa liTarecara, pR0 62, sadA pAtivrata kA pAlana karane vAlI tathA jJAna kI nitya 67) / inhoMne kannaDa bhASA meM rAjazekharavilAsa, zabaraanurAgiNI, guNavatI, puNyamayI, mahAsatI patnI jisake ghara zaGkaravilAsa Adi granthoM kI racanA kii| ho usake ghara meM devatA nivAsa karate haiN| aise ghara meM SaDaGga-veda ko SaDaGga bhI kahate haiM (SaT aGgAni yasya) gaGgA Adi pavitra naniyA~, samudra, yajJa, gaue~ RSigaNa yathA : tathA sampUrNa pavitra tIrtha rahate haiN| kalyANa tathA uddhAra zikSA kalpo vyAkaraNaM niruktaM chandasAJcayaH / ke lie bhAryA ke samAna koI tIrtha nahIM, bhAryA ke samAna jyotiSAmayanaJcaiva SaDaGgo veda ucyate // sukha nahIM aura bhAryA ke samAna puNya nahIM / aisI patnI bhI vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'vedaangg|' pavitra tIrtha hai| SaDguruziSya-RksaMhitA kI aneka anukramaNikAe~ haiM / SatriMzat-'ekAdazItattva' grantha meM devatA pUjana ke chattIsa inameM zaunaka kI racI anuvAkAnukramaNI aura kAtyAyana upacAra batAye gaye haiN| unake nAma isa prakAra haiM : kI racI sarvAnukramaNI adhika prasiddha haiN| ina donoM para 1. Asana 2. abhyaJjana 3. udvartana 4. virukSaNa 5. vistRta TIkAe~ likhI gayI haiN| TokAkAra kA nAma hai sammArjana 6. ghRtAdi se snapana 7. AvAhana 8. pAdya 9. SaDguruziSya / yaha kahanA kaThina hai ki yaha TIkAkAra kA ardhya 10. AcamanIya 11. snAnIya 12. madhuparka 13. vAstavika nAma hai athavA viruda / TIkAkAra ne apane cha: punarAcamanIya 14. vastra 15. yajJopavIta 16. alaGkAra guruoM ke nAma likhe haiM, jo isa prakAra hai-1. vinAyaka 17. gandha 18. puSpa 19. dhUpa 20. dIpa 21. tAmbUlAdika 2. trizUlAntaka 3. govinda 4. sUrya 5. vyAsa aura naivedya 22. puSpamAlA 23.anulepa 24. zayyA 25. cAmara- 5. zivayAra vyajana 26. Adarzadarzana 27. namaskAra 28. nartana 29. SaDvizabrAhmaNa-sAmaveda kI kauthumIya saMhitA kA brAhmaNagIta 30. vAdya 31. dAna 32. stuti 33. homa 34. grantha cAlIsa adhyAyoM meM likhA gayA hai / yaha pA~ca brAhmaNoM pradakSiNA 35. dantakASTha pradAna 36. deva visarjana / meM vibhakta hai / isake prathama pacIsa adhyAya paJcaviMzabrAhmaNa triMzanpata-chattIsa (dharmazAstrakAra RSiyoM) kA mata / kahalAte haiN| caubIsa se tIsa taka ke cha: adhyAyoM ko SaDviza brAhmaNa, tIsaveM adhyAya ke aMtima bhAga ko adbhuta zaGkhalikhita smRti meM inake nAma nimnAMkita haiM : brAhmaNa, ikatIsa se battIsa taka ke do adhyAyoM ko mantramanurviSNuryamo dakSaH aGgiro'tri bRhaspatiH / brAhmaNa aura antima ATha adhyAyoM ko chAndogya brAhmaNa ApastambazcozanA ca kaatyaaynpraashro|| kahate haiN| SaDviMza brAhmaNa kA prakAzana ke0 klema aura vasiSThavyAsasaMvartA hArIta gautamAvapi / eca0 esa0 elasiMga ne kramazaH 1894 tathA 1908 I0 meM pracetAH zaGkhalikhitau yAjJavalkyazca kAzyapaH / / karAyA thaa| zAtAtapo lomazazca jamadagniH prajApatiH / SaNDa-paJcaviMza brAhmaNa (25.15.3) ke anusAra eka purovizvAmitrapaiThInasI baudhAyanapitAmahau / / hita kA nAma, jisane usameM varNita sarpasatra meM bhAga chAgaleyazca jAbAlo marIcizcyavano bhagaH / liyA thaa| RSyazRGgo nAradazca SaTtizat smRtikArakAH // SaNmukha-pArvatInandana svAmI kArtikeya / zAbdika artha hai eteSAntu mataM yattu SaTtriMzanmatamucyate / / 'cha: mukha haiM jisake vaha' / chaH mAtRkAoM ne kArtikeya kA SaTsandarbha-vidvadara aura parama haribhakta jIva gosvAmI pAlana kiyA thaa| unakA stanya pAna karane ke lie kAtidvArA racita kRSNabhaktidarzana kA grantha / yaha zrImadbhAgavata keya ke chaH mukha ho gaye the| kI mAnyatAoM kA samarthaka tathA acintya bhedAbheda darzana SaSTitantra-sAMkhya darzana ke AcAryoM meM paJcazikha aura vArSasambandhI prAmANika racanA hai| caitanyasampradAya ke bhakti gaNya prasiddha hai| yogabhASya meM bhI inakA ullekha AyA

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SaSTI-SoDasI 643 hai / vArSagaNya ne SaSTitantra nAmaka grantha likhA thA / isakA ko eka bAra bhojana kara aura trayodazI ko rAta meM bhojana artha hai 'sATha prabandha' / yaha grantha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM hai| kara, caturdazI ko mahAmAyA ko vidhAnataH jagAkara gIta, SaSThI-kAtyAyanI devI kA eka paryAya / SoDaza mAtRkAoM meM bAditra, nirghoSa aura nAnA prakAra ke naivedya se pUjA kare / eka mAtRkA kA bhI yaha nAma hai / yaha prakRti kI chaThI kalA dUsare dina buddhimAna sAdhaka ko ayAcita upavAsa karanA hai| isako skanda kI bhAryA bhI kahA gayA hai| brahmavaivarta cAhie / isa prakAra vrata karanA cAhie jaba taka ki navamI purANa ke prakRtikhaNDa (prathama adhyAya) meM isake svarUpa A jAya / jyeSThA meM samyak prakAra se arcanA kara mUla meM Adi kA varNana isa prakAra pAyA jAtA hai : pratipUjana karanA caahie| uttarA meM arcanA kara zravaNa meM "he nArada ! prakRti kI aMzasvarUpa jo devasenA hai vaha visarjana karanA cAhie / mAtRkAoM meM pUjyatama hai aura SaSThI nAma se prasiddha hai| SoDaza mAtRkA-mAtRkAoM athavA deviyoM kI (vizeSa prakAra zizuoM kA pratyeka avasthA meM pAlana karane vAlI hai| meM) saMkhyA solaha mAnI gayI hai| 'durgotsavapaddhati' meM yaha tapasvinI aura viSNubhakta hai, kArtikeya kI kAminI solaha mAtRkAoM ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai (gauryAdibhI hai| prakRti ke chaThe aMza kA rUpa hai, isalie ise SoDazamAtakAbhyo namaH ) / zrAddhatattva meM unake nAma isa SaSThI kahate hai / putra-pautra kI denevAlI aura tInoM jagata prakAra Ate hai : kI dhAtrI hai| yaha sarva sundarI, yuvatI, ramyA aura barA- gaurI padmA zacI medhA sAvitrI vijayA jayA / bara apane pati ke pAsa rahane vAlI hai| zizuoM ke sthAna devasenA svadhA svAhA mAtaro lokamAtaraH / / meM paramA vRddharUpA aura yoginI hai| sasAra meM bArahoM zAntiH puSTi tistuSTirAtmadevatayA saha / mahIne isakI barAbara pUjA hotI hai| zizu utpanna hone Adau vinAyakaH pUjya0 ante ca kuladevatA / / ke chaThe dina sUtikAgAra meM isakI pUjA hotI hai| isI ye saba ziva, viSNu, indra, brahmA, agni, kArtikeya prakAra ikkIsaveM dina bhI isakI pUjA kalyANa karane vAlI Adi pramukha devatAoM kI patniyA~ haiM / hotI hai| yaha barAbara niyamita aura nitya icchAnusAra SoDazatvika kratu--SoDaza RtvikoM (yAjJikoM) dvArA kiyA AhUta kI jA sakatI hai, yaha sadA mAtRrUpA, dayArUpA aura jAne vAlA yjnyvishess| yaha jyotiSToma yajJa athavA rakSaNarUpA hai / yaha jala, sthala aura antarikSa meM aura yahA~ bAraha dinoM meM pUrA hone vAlA satrayAga hai| SoDaza taka ki svapna meM bhI zizaoM kI rakSA karane vAlI hai|" RtvijoM ke nAma isa prakAra hai : isakI utpatti aura vistRta kathAnaka ke lie de0 skanda (1) brahmA (2) brAhmaNAcchaMsI (3) AgnIghra (4) purANa / SaSThIkarma ke lie de0 rAjamArtaNDa, brahmavaivarta, potA (5) hotA (6) maitrAvaruNa (7) acchAvAk (8) viSNudharmottara, jyotistattva aadi| grAvastotA (9) adhvaryu (10) pratiprasthAtA (11) neSTA SaSThIvara-utkala deza ke eka vidvAn, jinhoMne mahAbhArata (12) unnetA (13) udgAtA (14) prastotA (15) pratikA anuvAda uDiyA bhASA meM kiyA / inakA samaya terahavIM hartA aura (16) subrahmaNya / uparyukta meM se prathama cAra sarvavedIya, dvitIya cAra zatI ke lagabhaga hai| RgvedIya, tRtIya cAra yajurvedIya aura caturtha cAra sAmaSoDaza vAna-zrAddha Adi dhArmika kRtyoM meM solaha prakAra vedIya hote hai| ke dAnoM kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / de0 zuddhitattva / SoDazI-(1) eka yajJapAtra kA nAma / atirAtra yajJa kA SoDazabhujA-durgA kA eka paryAya, artha hai 'solaha bhujA- somapAtra / vAlI' / kAlikApurANa (a0 59) meM SoDaza bhujA-pUjana (2) bAraha mahAvidyAoM meM se eka vidyA kA nAma / kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai : vaise prAyaH dasa mahA vidyAe~ hI prasiddha haiN| inake nAma ___ "jaba SoDazabhujA mahAmAyA kA durgAtantra se pUjana nimnAMkita haiM : karanA cAhie, naba usakI vizeSa bAta sunie / kRSNa pakSa kAlI tArA mahAvidyA SoDazI bhuvanezvarI / kI kanyA rAzi kI ekAdazI ko upavAsa karake, dvAdazI bhairavI chinnamastA ca vidyA dhUmAvatI tathA //

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SoDazopacAra-saMvataM vagalA siddhavidyA ca mAtaGgI kamalAtmikA / siddhiyoM ko denevAlI, nitya bhaktoM ke Ananda ko bar3hAne etA daza mahAvidyA siddhavidyAH prakIrtitAH / / vAlI isa prakAra kI zakti ke rUpa meM sakAra kA dhyAna vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie de0 'jJAnArNava' / karake isa ke mantra ko dasa bAra japanA cAhie / trizakti (3) eka prakAra kA zrAddha / yaha prAyaH saMnyAsiyoM kI sahita, AtmAdi tattva se saMyukta isa varNa ko barAbara smRti meM kiyA jAtA hai / praNAma karake hRdaya meM isakI bhAvanA karanI caahie|] SoDazopacAra-tantrasAra meM solaha prakAra ke pUjAdravyArpaNoM saMyama-vrata ke eka dina pUrva vihita niyamoM ke pAlana ko ko SoDazopacAra kahA gayA hai| devapUjA meM yahI krama saMyama kahate haiM / yaha vrata kA hI pUrva aGga hai / ekAdazIadhikatara prayukta hotA hai| tattva meM isakA nimnAMkita vidhAna hai : SoDhAnyAsa-vIratantra ke anusAra zarIra ke aMgoM meM chaH zAkaM mASa masUraJca punarbhojanamaithune / prakAra se mantroM ke nyAsa ko SoDhAnyAsa (SaDdhA nyAsa) dyUtamatsyambupAnaJca dazamyAM vaiSNavastyajet / / kahate haiM / inameM aMganyAsa, karanyAsa, mahAnyAsa, antarbahi- kAMsyaM mAMsaM surAM kSaudraM lobhaM vitathabhASaNam / rmAtRkA Adi hote haiM / vyAyAmaJca vyavAyaJca divAsvapnaM tathAJjanam / / tilapiSTaM masUraJca dazamyAM varjayet pumAn / dazamyAm ekabhaktaJca kurvIta niyatendriyaH // sa-kAmadhenutantra meM sa akSara ke svarUpa kA nimnAMkita Acamya dantakASThaJca khAdeta tadanantaram / varNana hai : pUrvaM haridinAllokAH sevadhyaM caikabhojanam / / sakAraM zRNu cAGgi zaktibIjaM parAtparam / avanIpRSThazayanAH striyAH saGgavijitAH / koTi vidyullatAkAraM kuNDalItrayasaMyutam / / saMvadadhvaM devadevaM purANaM puruSottamam / / paJcadevamayaM devi paJcaprANAtmakaM sadA / sakRd bhojanasaMtuSTA dvAdazyAJca bhaviSyatha / / rajaH sattva tamoyuktaM tribindusahitaM sadA // saMvarta-(1) muni vizeSa kA nAma / mArkaNDeya purANa [he sundarI pArvatI ! suno| yaha akSara kalAyukta, (130.11) meM inake viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki ye aMgirA zaktibIja, parAtpara, karoDoM vidyut kI latA ke samAna RSi ke putra aura bRhaspati ke bhrAtA the / jyotistattva ke AkAra vAlA, tIna kuNDaliyoM se yukta, paJcadevamaya, paJca- anusAra eka prakAra ke megha kA nAma bhI savarta hai, jo prANAtmaka, sadA sattva-raja-tama tIna guNoM se yukta aura prabhUta pAnI barasAne vAlA hotA hai : tribindu sahita hai|] Avarto nirjalo meghaH saMvartazca bahUdakaH / varNoddhAratantra meM isakA dhyAna isa prakAra batalAyA puSkaro duSkarajalo droNaH sasyaprapUrakaH / / gayA hai : (2) dharmazAstrakAroM meM se eka kA nAma / yAjJavalkyazuklAmbarAM zuklavarNA dvibhujAM raktalocanAm / smRti meM smRtikAroM kI sUcI meM inakA ullekha hai / zvetacandanaliptAGgI muktAhAropazobhitAm / / vizvarUpa, medhAtithi, vijJAnezvara (mitAkSarAkAra), haradatta, gandharvagIyamAnAJca sadAnandamayI parAm / aparAka Adi vyAkhyAkAroM ne vibhinna viSayoM para saMvarta aSTasiddhipradAM nityAM bhaktAnandavivaddhinIm / / ke vacana uddhRta kiye haiM / vyavahAra ke kaI aMgoM para saMvarta evaM dhyAtvA sakAraM tu tanmantra dazadhA japet / kA mata ullekhanIya hai / udAharaNa ke lie, likhita sAkSya trizaktisahitaM varNa Atma di tattvasaMyutam / / ke virodha meM maukhika sAkSya amAnya hai : praNamya satataM devi hRdi bhAvaya sundari / / lekhya lekhyakriyA proktA vAcike vAcikI mtaa| [ zukla (zveta) vastra dhAraNa karane vAlI, zukla varNa vAcike tu na sidhyatsA lekhyasyopari yA kriyA / / vAlI, do bhujAoMvAlI, lAla netra vAlI, zveta candana (aparArka, pR0 691-92) lipta zarIra vAlI, motI ke hAra se suzobhita, gandhoM se parantu gRha aura kSetra ke svAmya ke sambandha meM lekhya se prazaMsita hotI huI, sadA AnandamayI, parAzaktirUpa, ATha bhukti adhika prAmANika hai :

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saMsAra-saMskAra bhujyamAne gRhakSetre vidyamAne tu rAjani / bhaktiryasya bhavettasya na legye tatra kAraNam // saMvarta ke anusAra strIdhana, lAbha aura nikSepa para vRddhi (byAja) nahIM lagatI, jaba taka ki svayaM svIkRta na kI gayI ho : na vRddhiH strIdhane lAbhe nikSepe ca yathAsthite / saMdigdhe prAtibhAvye ca yadi na syAtsvayaM kRtA / / (smRticandrikA, vyava0, 157) jIvAnanda ke smRtisaMgraha ( bhAga 1, pR0 584-603) aura AnandAzramasmRtisaMgraha (pa0 411-24) meM saMvatasmRti saMgahIta hai. jisameM kramazaH 227 aura 230 zloka haiN| isameM kahA gayA hai ki saMvarta ne vAmadeva Adi RSiyoM ke sammukha isa smRti kA pravacana kiyA thA / saMvartasmRti ke viSaya vyavahAra para uddhRta vacanoM se adhika prAcIna jAna par3ate haiN| saMsAra-saMsaraNa, gati, khasakAdha rakhanevAlA, arthAt jo gAtamAn athavA nazvara h| nayAyikA ke anusAra 'mithyA jJAna se utpanna vAsanA' ko saMsAra kahate haiM ( 'saMsArazca mithyAdhIprabhavA vAsanA' ) martyaloka athavA bhUloka ko sAmAnyataH saMsAra kahate haiM / kUrmapurANa (IzvaragItA, dvitIya adhyAya) meM saMsAra kI paribhASA isa prakAra dI huI hai : na mAyA naiva ca prANazcaitanyaM paramArthataH / ahaM kartA sukhI duHkhI kRzaH sthUleti yA matiH / / sA cAhaMkArakartRtvAdAtmanyAropyate janaH / vadanti vedavidvAMsaH sAkSiNaM prakRteH param / / bhoktAramakSaraM zuddhaM sarvatra samavasthitam / tasmAdajJAnamUlo'yaM saMsAraH sarvadehinAm / / [AtmA paramArthataH caitanya hai; mAyA aura prANa nahIM, kintu vaha ajJAna se apane ko kartA, sukhI, duHkhI, kRza, sthUla Adi mAna letA hai| manuSya ahaMkAra se utpanna kartRtva ke kAraNa ina paristhitiyoM ko apane Upara Aropita kara lete haiM / vidvAna loga AtmA ko prakRti se pare ( bhinna ) mAnate hai| vAstava meM vahI bhoktA, akSara, zuddha aura sarvatra vidyamAna hai| isalie (vAstava meM) zarIra- dhAriyoM kA yaha saMsAra (martyaloka) ajJAna se utpanna huA hai| saMsAramokSaNa---vaiSNava sampradAya meM saMsAra se mukti pAne kI prakriyA ko 'saMsAra mokSaNa' kahate haiN| vArAha purANa ( sUtasvAmimAhAtmyanAmAdhyAya) meM kathana hai : evametanmahAzAstraM devi saMsAramokSaNam / mama bhaktavyavasthAyai prayuktaM paramaM mayA // vAmanapurANa (adhyAya 90) meM saMsAra se mokSa pAne kA upAya isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : ye zaGkhacakrAbjakaraM tu zAGgiNaM khagendraketuM varadaM zriyaH patim / samAzrayante bhavabhItinAzanaM saMsAragarte na patanti te punaH / / saMskAra-) STRTa kA prayoga kaI arthoM meM jotA hai| medinIkoza ke anusAra isakA artha hai pratiyatna, anubhava aura mAnasa karma / nyAya darzana ke anusAra yaha guNavizeSa hai| yaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) vegAkhya (yaha vega athavA karma se utpanna hotA hai ) (2) sthitisthApaka (yaha pRthvI kA guNa hai, yaha atIndriya aura spandanakAraNa hotA hai) aura (3) bhAvanA ( yaha AtmA kA atIndriya guNa hai, yaha smaraNa aura pratyabhijJA kA kAraNa hai ) / (2) zarIra evaM vastuoM ko zuddhi ke lie unake vikAsa ke sAtha samaya-samaya para jo karma kiye jAte haiM unheM saMskAra kahate haiM / yaha vizeSa prakAra kA adRSTa phala utpanna karanevAlA karma hotA hai| isa prakAra zarIra ke mukhya saMskAra solaha hai-(1) garbhAdhAna (2) puMsavana (3) sImantonnayana (4) jAtakarma (5) nAmakaraNa (6) niSkramaNa (7) annaprAzana (8) cUDAkaraNa (9) karNavedha (10) vidyArambha (11) upanayana (12) vedArambha (13) kezAnta (14) samAvartana (15) vivAha aura (16) antyeSTi / saMskAra se kisI bhI vastu kA utkarSa ho jAtA hai| vistAra ke lie dekhie nIlakaMTha : saMskAramayUkha; mitramizra : saMskAra prakAza / (3) jIrNa mandirAdi ke punaruddhAra ko bhI saMskAra kahate haiM / zAstroM meM isakA bar3A mahattva batalAyA gayA hai / saMskArahIna-(1) jisa vyakti kA samaya se vihita saMskAra na ho use saMskArahIna kahA jAtA hai| zAstra meM aise vyakti kI saMjJA 'vAtya' hai| vizeSakara upanayana saMskAra avadhi ke bhItara na hone se vyakti sAvitrIpatita athavA vrAtya ho

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saMskArahIna-sagara jAtA hai / yaha avadhi brAhmaNa ke lie solaha varSa, kSatriya brahmaNazca zivasyApi prahlAdasya tathaiva ca / ke lie bAIsa varSa aura vaizya ke lie caubIsa varSa hai| gautamasya kumArasya saMhitAH parikIrtitAH // (2) anagar3ha, asaMskRta vyakti yA vastu ko bhI saMskAra- __ kUrmapurANa ( a0 1), skandapurANa ( zivamAhAtmya hIna kahA jAtA hai| khaNDa, a0 1) meM bhI saMhitAoM kI sUciyA~ haiM / saMsmaraNa-saMskArajanya jJAna / tithyAditattva meM kathana hai : sakulya-samAna kula meM utpanna athavA sagotra / baudhAyana dhyAyennArAyaNa nityaM snAnAdiSu ca karmasu / ke anusAra prapitAmaha, pitAmaha, pitA, svayaM, sahodara tadviSNoriti mana Na snAyAdapsu punaH punaH / / bhAI, putra, pautra, prapautra-inako avibhakta dAyAda athavA gAyatrI vaiSNavI hyeSA viSNoH saMsmaraNAya vai / sapiNDa kahate haiN| vibhakta dAyAdoM ko sakulya kahate haiM / saMhAra-(1) sRSTi kI samApti, pralaya / manusmRti (1.80) avibhakta dAyAdoM ke abhAva meM sampatti inako milatI hai / ke anusAra : de0 dAyatattva tathA zuddhitattva / manvantarANyasaMkhyAni sargaH saMhAra eva ca / sakulyoM ke lie bRhaspati ne azauca kA vidhAna isa krIDannivaitat kurute parameSThI punaH punaH / / prakAra batalAyA hai : (2) aSTa bhairavoM meM se eka kA nAma : dazAhena sapiNDAstu zudhyanti pretasUtake / asitAGgo ruruzcaNDaH krodha unmatta eva ca / trirAtreNa sakulyAstu snAtvA zudhyanti gotrajAH / / kapAlI bhISaNazcaiva saMhArazcASTa bhairavAH / / (zuddhitatva meM uddhRta) saMhAramudrA (visarjanamadrA)-dhArmika kriyAoM meM visarjana sakhIsampradAya-rAma aura kRSNa ke premamArgI bhaktoM kA kI mudrA ko saMhAramudrA kahate haiM / yathA eka upasampradAya / isake anuyAyI apane ko sItAjI adhomukhe vAmahaste UsyiM dakSahastakam / yA rAdhAjI kI sakhI mAnakara rAma yA kRSNa kI upAsanA kSiprAGgulIraGgalibhiH saMgRhya parivartayet / / karate hai| ye apanI vezabhUSA prAyaH striyoM kI taraha rakhate proktA saMhAramudreyamarpaNe tu prazasyate // haiM / raMgIna vastra pahanate haiM, AbhUSaNa dhAraNa karate haiM, saMhitA-samyak athavA pUrvApara rUpa meM saMgrathita (saMgRhIta) pA~voM meM mahAvara lagAte haiN| apanA sAmpradAyika nAma bhI sAhityika athavA AcAra-niyama sambandhI saamgrii| strIvAcaka rakhate haiM, jaise premA, lalitA, zazikalA saMgahIta aura susampAdita vaidika sAhitya ko isIlie Adi / ayodhyA, janakapura, vRndAvana inake kendra hai| prAyaH saMhitA kahate haiM jisakI saMkhyA cAra hai-(1) Rgveda ucca zreNI ke rasika bhakta apane sakhIbhAva ko lokAcAra (2) yajurveda (3) sAmaveda aura (4) atharvaveda / manvAdi- se alaga gupta rakhate haiM / praNIta dharmazAstra granthoM athavA smRtiyoM ko bhI saMhitA sagara-sUryavaMza ke eka prasiddha raajaa| inakI utpatti kI kahate haiM / sampradAyoM se sambaddha granthoM ko bhI saMhitA kahA kathA padmapurANa (svarga khaNDa, adhyAya 15) meM isa prakAra jAtA hai / purANa bhI saMhitA kahe gaye hai / brahmavaivartapurANa dI huI hai : "sUryavaMza meM bAhu nAma ke mahAn rAjA hue| ke zrIkRSNajanma khaNDa ( a0 132) meM saMhitAoM kI tAlajaGgha haihayoM ne unake sampUrNa rAjya kA haraNa kara gaNanA isa prakAra hai : liyA / kAmboja, palava, pArada, yavana aura zaka ina pA~ca evaM purANasaMsthAnaM caturlakSamudAhRtam / gaNoM ne haihayoM ke lie parAkrama kiyA / rAjya kA haraNa ho aSTAdaza purANAnAmevameva vidurbudhAH // jAne para rAjA bAhu vana meM cale gye| unakI pativratA evaJcopapurANAnAmaSTAdaza prakIrtitAH / yAdavI patnI garbhiNI thii| usakI sauta ne garbha ko naSTa itihAso bhAratazca vAlmIkaM kAvyameva ca // karane ke lie usako bhojana ke samaya gara ( viSa ) de paJcakaM paJcarAtrANAM kRSNamAhAtmyamuttamam / diyaa| yAdavI ke yogabala se vaha garbha marA nahIM aura vAsiSThaM nAradIyaJca kApila gautamIyakam / / devatAoM kI anukampA se vaha rAnI bhI nahIM mrii| vaha paraM sanatkumArIyaM paJcarAtraJca paJcakam / vana meM pati kI sevA karatI rhii| rAjA ne usa vana meM paJcakaM saMhitAnAJca kRSNabhaktisamanvitAm / / yoga se apane prANa tyAga diye| rAnI pati kI citA

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saguNopAsanA-saGkalpa 647 lagAkara bhasma hone ke lie usa para car3hane jA rahI thii| aurva bhArgava ( vasiSTha ) ne dayA karake usako satI hone se bacAyA / rAnI ne usa vana meM agni ke samAna projjvala garbha kI sevA kii| tapobala se gara (viSa ) ke sAtha bAlaka kA janma huA isalie vaha sagara khlaayaa| vaha atyanta sundara bAlaka thaa| aurva bhArgava ne usake jAtakarma Adi saMskAra karake vedoM aura zastrAstra kI zikSA dii| devatAoM ke lie bhI duHsaha mahAghora Agneya astra usako pradAna kiyA / sagara ne usa bala se samanvita hokara tathA sainya bala se bhI yukta hokara tAlajaGga haihayoM aura anya ripuoM ko vaza meM kara liyaa| matsyapurANa ke anusAra sagara kI do bhAryAyeM thIMprabhA aura bhAnumatI / donoM ne aurva bhArgava kI ArAdhanA kii| aurva ne donoM ko uttama vara pradAna kiyaa| eka ko sATha sahasra putra tathA dUsarI ko eka putra utpanna huaa| yAdavI prabhA ko sATha sahasra putra aura bhAnumatI ko asamaMjasa nAmaka vaMzadhara putra huaa| azvamedha yajJa meM azva kI khoja karate hue prabhA ke sATha sahasra putra kapila ke zApa se dagdha ho gye| asamaMjasa kA putra aMzumAn prasiddha huaa| usakA putra dilIpa aura dilIpa kA bhagIratha vikhyAta huA / usane tapa karake gaGgA kA pRthvI para avataraNa kraayaa| isase usake zApadagdha pitaroM kA uddhAra huaa| sagotra, bAndhava, jJAti, bandhu aura svajana ko samAna batalAyA gayA hai| kintu inameM tAratamya hai| saGkara-bhinna varNa ke mAtA-pitA se utpanna santAna / hindU samAja mukhyataH cAra varNoM meM vibhakta hai| vivAhasambandha prAyaH savarNoM meM hI hotA AyA hai| kabhI-kabhI anuloma aura pratiloma vivAha bhI hote the / kintu prAcIna vyavasthA ke anusAra saMtati pitA ke varNa kI mAnI jAtI thii| parantu Age calakara varNAntara vivAha vajita aura niSiddha hone lge| isa prakAra ke vivAhoM se utpanna saMtati mizra ( saGkara ) aura nindanIya mAnI jAne lgii| manusmati meM varNasaGkara jAtiyoM kA vistAra se varNana pAyA jAtA hai| de0 'varNa' / saGkarSaNa-pAJcarAtra vaiSNava mata ke anusAra pA~cake vyUha meM se dUsarA vyakti / vyUha ke siddhAnta ke anusAra vAsudeva se saMkarSaNa, saMkarSaNa se pradyamna, pradyumna se aniruddha aura aniruddha se brahmA utpanna he| vAsUdeva paramatattva ( brahma ) haiM / saMkarSaNa kRti athavA mahat hai| yahIM se sRSTi meM kriyAtmaka karSaNa prArambha hotA hai / pAJcarAtra vaiSNava devamaNDala meM vAsUdeva kRSNa ke sAtha saMkarSaNa (balarAma ) bhI pUjA ke devatA haiN| de0 'paanycraatr'| saGkalpa-kisI karma ke lie mana meM nizcaya krnaa| bhAva athavA vidhi meM 'mere dvArA yaha kartavya hai' aura niSedha meM mere dvArA yaha akartavya hai, aisA jJAnavizeSa saMkalpa kahA jAtA hai / koI bhI karma, vizeSa kara dhArmika karma, binA saMkalpa ke nahIM karanA caahie| bhaviSya purANa kA kathana hai : saMkalpena vinA rAjan yatkiJcit kurute naraH / phalaJcAlpAlpakaM tasya dharmasyArddhakSayo bhavet // saMkalpamUlaH kAmo vai yajJAH saMkalpasambhavAH / vratA niyamadharmAzca sarve saMkalpajAH smRtAH // [he rAjan ! manuSya jo kucha karma binA saMkalpa ke karatA hai usakA alpa se alpa phala hotA hai; dharma kA AdhA kSaya ho jAtA hai / kAma kA mUla saMkalpa meM hai / yajJa saMkalpa se hI utpanna hote haiN| vrata, niyama aura dharma sabhI saMkalpa se hI utpanna hote hai, aisA sunA gayA hai / ] saMkalpa kI vAkyaracanA vibhinna karmoM ke lie zAstroM meM vibhinna prakAra se batalAyI gayI hai| yoginItantra saguNopAsanA-brahma ke do rUpa hai-nirguNa aura saguNa / nirguNa avyakta aura kevala jJAnagamya hai| saguNa guNoM se saMyukta hone ke kAraNa sugama aura indriyagocara hai| zrImadbhagavadgItA meM yaha prazna kiyA gayA hai ki donoM rUpoM meM se kisakI upAsanA sarala hai / uttara meM kahA gayA hai ki nirguNa athavA avyakta kI upAsanA kliSTa (kaThina) hai / saguNa kI upAsanA sarala hai / saguNa upAsanA meM pahale pratIkoM-praNava Adi kI upAsanA aura Age calakara avatAroM kI upAsanA pracalita haI / gItA meM kahA gayA hai ki vRSNilogoM meM vAsudeva ( kRSNa ) aura rudroM meM zaGkara ( ziva ) 'maiM' huuN| isa prakAra vaiSNava aura zaiva sampradAyoM aura unake aneka upasampradAyoM meM saguNopAsanA kA pracAra huaa| sagotra-eka hI gotra meM utpanna vyakti / amarakoza meM

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648 ( prathama khaNDa, dvitIya paTala ) meM saMkalpa kA nimnAMkita vidhAna hai sadUrgaJca satilaM jalapUritam / sakuzaJca phaladevi gRhItvAcamya gRhItvAcamya kalpataH / / abhyarcya ca ziraHpadma zrIguruM karuNAmayam / yakSezavadano vApi devendravadano'pi vA // mAsaM pakSa tithiJcaiva devaparvAdikantathA / AdyantakAlaJca tathA gotraM nAma ca kAminAm // kriyAhvayaM kariSye'ntamenaM samutsRjet payaH // saGkalpanirAkaraNa caudaha zeva siddhAntazAstroM (pratthoM ) meM se ek| isake racayitA umApati zivAcArya tathA racanAkAla caudahavIM zatI hai| umApati zivAcArya brAhmaNa the kintu zUdra AcArya mare jJAnasambandha ke ziSya ho jAne ke kAraNa jAti se bahiSkRta kara diye gaye / ye apane sampradAya ke prakANDa dharmavijJAnI the| inhoMne ATha prAmANika siddhAnta granthoM kI racanA kI jinameM se saMkalpa - nirAkaraNa bhI eka hai / tAmrapAtraM saGkalpasUryodaya- zrIvaiSNava sampradAya ke AcArya vedAntadezika dvArA likhita eka grantha yaha rUpakAtmaka nATaka hai tathA bahuta prasiddha aura lokapriya hai| vedAntadezika mAdhavAcArya ke mitroM meM the| mAdhava ne 'sarvadarzanasaMgraha' meM inakA ullekha kiyA hai / isa grantha kA racanAkAla caudahavIM zatI kA uttarArddha hai / saGkizA -- uttara pradeza ke pharukhAbAda jile meM pakhanA sTezana se prAyaH sAta mIla kAlI nadI ke taTa para sthita bauddhoM kA dharmasthAna isakA prAcIna nAma saMkAzya hai| kahate haiM, buddha bhagavAn svarga se utarakara pRthvI para yahIM Aye the / jaina bhI ise apanA tIrtha mAnate haiM terahaveM tIrthaGkara vimalanAthajI kA yaha 'kevalajJAnasthAna' mAnA jAtA hai / vartamAna sA eka UMce TIle para basA huA choTA sA gA~va hai| TIlA dUra taka phailA huA hai aura kilA kahalAtA hai| kile ke bhItara IMToM ke Dhera para bisaharI devI kA mandira hai| pAsa hI azokastambha kA zIrSa hai jisa para hAthI kI mUrti nirmita hai| saGkIrtana -- samyak prakAra se devatA ke nAma kA uccAraNa athavA usake guNAdi kA kathana / kIrtana navadhA bhakti kA eka prakAra hai: saGkalpa- nirAkaraNa satanAmI 'smaraNaM kIrtanaM viSNoH vandanaM pAdasevanam / ' isI kA vikasita rUpa saMkIrtana hai| bhAgavata (11.5 ) meM saMkIrtana kA ullekha isa prakAra hai : yajJaH saMkIrtanaprAyairyajanti hi sumedhasaH / purANoM meM saMkIrtana kA bar3A mAhAtmya varNita hai| bRhannAradIya purANa ke anusAra : saMkIrtana zrutvA ye ca nRtyanti mAnavAH / teSAM pAdarajasparzAt sadyaH pUtA vasuMdharA // [ saMkIrtana kI dhvani sunakara jo mAnava nAca uThate hai, unake padaraja ke sparzamAtra se vasuMdharA turanta pavitra ho jAtI hai / ] saGkrAnti-sUrya kA eka rAzi se dUsarI rAzi meM jAnA / dvAdaza nakSatra rAziyoM ke anusAra dvAdaza hI saMkrAntiyA~ haiN| vibhinna saMkrAntiyA~ vibhinna vyaktiyoM ke lie zubhA zubha phala denevAlI hotI haiN| saMkrAntiyoM ke avasara para vibhinna dhArmika kRtyoM kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai| snAna aura dAna kA vizeSa mahattva batalAyA gayA hai / sajjA eka bhAvAtmaka devatA sUryapatnI ko saMjJA kahate haiN| mArkaNDeyapurANa ( 77.1) meM kathana hai mArtaNDasya raverbhAryA tanayA vizvakarmaNaH / saMjJA nAma mahAbhAgA tasyAM bhAnurajIjanat // vizeSa vivaraNa ke lie uparyukta purANa kA sambaddha bhAga dekhie / satanAmI - kabIradAsa se prabhAvita jina aneka nirguNavAdI sampradAyoM kA udaya huA unameM satanAmI sampradAya bhI hai / isakA pravartaka kauna thA aura kisa prakAra isakA udaya huA, yaha batalAnA kaThina hai| anumAnataH 1600 I0 ke lagabhaga isakA udaya huaa| isakA nAma satanAmI isalie par3A ki isameM 'satya nAma' ( vAstavika Izvara ke nAma ) kI upAsanA para jora diyA jAtA hai / yaha kabIra kI nAmopAsanA se milatA-julatA hai, jo unake prabhAva ko spaSTa karatA hai | 1672 I0 ke lagabhaga sabase pahalA isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / auraMgajeba ke zAsanakAla meM dillI se dakSiNa-pazcima 75 mIla dUra nAranaula nAmaka sthAna meM eka sAdhAraNa sI bAta para satanAmiyoM aura zAsana meM jhagar3A ho gayA / isa para satanAmiyoM ne vidroha kiyA aura ve bar3I saMkhyA meM mAre gye| usa samaya kA satanAmiyoM kA koI samasAmayika grantha nahIM pAyA jaataa|

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satI ___ isa sampradAya kA punaH saMgaThana 1750 I0 ke lagabhaga jagajIvana dAsa ke dvArA huA, jo bArAbaMkI jile (u.pra.) ke koTavA nAmaka sthAna ke nivAsI the| ye yogI aura kavi the / inhoMne hindI meM padoM kI racanA kii| inake ziSya dulana dAsa hue| ye bhI kavi the| ye AjIvana rAyabarelI jile meM rhe| 1820 aura 1830 I0 ke bIca chattIsagar3ha ke eka camAra jAtIya santa gAjIdAsa ne phira irA sampradAya kA punarutthAna kiyaa| isa navotthita dharma kA pracAra vizeSakara camAroM aura anya asavarNa logoM meM hI haA isa sampradAya meM nimna varNa ke loga the / jaisA ki Upara kahA gayA hai, isa sampradAya ke anuyAyI eka satyanAma (arUpa, nirguNa Izvara) ke upAsaka haiM / inameM avatAra aura mUrtipUjA vajita hai / bhojana meM ye zAkAhArI hai aura inameM madya aura mAMsa kA niSedha hai| ye una padArthoM kA bhI sevana nahIM karate jo AkRti meM rakta athavA mAMsa kI taraha dikhAI par3ate haiN| kucha logoM ke anusAra inameM gAtrI, kriyA kI sAdhanA hotI thI, jisake anusAra ye zArIrika maloM se yukta bhojana karate the / parantu bhaTTA- cArya ne isa mata kA khaNDana kiyA hai| chattIsagar3ha ke sata- nAmiyoM meM eka dhArmika prathA ke rUpa meM striyoM meM zithila AcAra dekhA jAtA thA jo aba prAyaH banda ho gayA hai| inake kaI vargoM meM mUrtipUjA kI prathA bhI jArI ho gayI hai, jo paramparAgata hindU dharma kA prabhAva hai| inakI kucha gandI prathAe~ Adima kAla ke avikasita jIvana ke ava- zeSa hai jo abhI taka pUrNataH naSTa nahIM ho pAye haiN| satI-(1) sat athavA satya para dRr3ha rahanevAlI / yaha ziva kI patnI kA nAma hai| purANoM meM inakI kathA vistAra se dI huI hai / ye dakSa prajApati kI kanyA thiiN| inakA vivAha ziva ke sAtha huA thaa| eka bAra dakSa ne yajJa kA anuSThAna kiyaa| unhoMne sabhI devatAoM ko nimantrita kara unakA bhAga diyA kintu ziva ko nahIM nimantrita kiyaa| jaba satI ko apane pitA ke yajJAnuSThAna kA patA lagA to unhoMne ziva se apane pitA ke yahA~ jAne kA Agraha kiyA / ziva ne binA nimantraNa ke jAnA asvIkAra kara diyaa| unake manA karane para bhI satI apane pitA ke yahA~ gyiiN| vahA~ apane pati ke apamAna se bahuta duHkhI huI aura apanA zarIra tyAga kara diyA / isa ghaTanA kA samAcAra pAkara ziva bahuta kruddha hue| unhoMne apane gaNoM ko yajJa vidhvaMsa karane ke lie bhejaa| svayaM ve satI ke mRta zarIra ko lekara aura santapta hokara saMsAra meM ghUmate rhe| jahA~-jahA~ satI ke aGga gire vahA~ tIrtha bana gaye / dUsare janma meM satI ne himAlaya ke yahA~ pArvatI ke rUpa meM janma liyA aura punaH unakA ziva ke sAtha vivAha huA, jisakA kAvyamaya varNana kAlidAsa ne kumArasaMbhava meM kiyA hai| (2) pracalita artha meM satI vaha strI hai jo sacce pativrata kA pAlana karatI thI aura pati ke marane para usakI citA para athavA alaga citA para jalakara usakA anugamana karatI thI / yaha prathA prAcIna bhArata meM pracalita thii| parantu aba yaha vidhi ke dvArA varjita hai, kabhI-kabhI isake udAharaNa vidhi kA bhaMga karate hue sunAI par3ate haiN| anya dezoM meM, jahA~ striyA~ puruSoM kI sampatti samajhI jAtI thIM, mRta pati ke sAtha ve samAdhi meM cuna dI jAtI thIM / parantu bhArata ke prAcInatama sAhitya meM isa prakAra kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jAtA / aisA koI vaidika sUkta athavA mantra nahIM milatA jisameM mata pati kI citA para vidhavA ke satI hone kI carcA ho / gRhyasUtroM meM, jinameM antyeSTi kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai, satI hone kA koI vidhAna nahIM hai / aisA lagatA hai ki kisI AryetaavathA videzI samparka ke kAraNa yaha prathA bhArata meM pracalita hii| dharmasUtroM meM se kevala viSNudharmasUtra meM satIprathA kA vaikalpika vidhAna hai (mRte bhartari brahmacarya tadanvArohaNaM vaa)| 25.14 : mitAkSarA, yAjJa0 1.88 ke bhASya meM uddhRta) / manusmRti meM kahIM bhI satI kA ullekha nahIM pAyA jaataa| rAmAyaNa (uttara, 17.15) meM isakA kevala eka udAharaNa pAyA jAtA hai / isake anusAra eka brahmarSi kI patnI apane pati kI citA para satI huii| mahAbhArata ke anusAra yuddha meM bahusaMkhyaka loga mAre gaye, kintu satI ke udAharaNa bahuta kama haiM / mAdrI pANDu ke marane para unakI citA para satI ho gayI (Adi0,95.65) / vasudeva kI cAra patniyA~-devakI, bhadrA, rohiNI aura madirA-pati kI citA para satI huIM (musala0, 7.18) / kRSNa kI kucha patniyA~ unake zava ke sAtha satI huiiN| kintu satyabhAmA tapasyA karane vana calI gayI (musala, 7.73-74) / aisA lagatA hai ki satI prathA mukhyataH kSatriyoM meM hI pracalita thI aura vaha bhI bahuna vyApaka nahIM thii| kauravoM kI patniyoM ke satI hone kA ullekha nahIM hai| paravartI sma

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650 satIrtha-satyabhAmA satya-tIno kAloM meM jo eka samAna rahe (trikAlAbAdhya), paramAtmA (satyaM jJAnamanantaM) / isakA prayoga kRtayuga, zapatha evaM yathArtha ke artha meM prAyaH hotA hai| isake anya paryAya haiM, tathya, Rta samyak, avitatha, bhUta Adi / padmapurANa (kriyAyogasAra, adhyAya 16) meM satya kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : yathArthakathanaM yacca sarvalokasukhapradam / tatsatyamiti vijJeyamasatyaM tadviparyayam / / sAMkhya darzana meM isase milatA-julatA satya kA lakSaNa batalAyA gayA hai : 'atyantalokahitam satyam / ' mahAbhArata (rAjadharma) meM satya kA AkAra nimnAMkita prakAra se batalAyA gayA hai : satyaJca samatA caiva damazcaiva na saMzayaH / amAtsarya kSamA caiva hrIstitikSAnasUyAtA // tyAgo dhyAnamathAryatvaM dhRtizca satataM dayA / ahiMsA caiva rAjendra satyAkArAstrayodaza / purANoM meM satya kA mAhAtmya bar3e vistAra se vaNita hai| garuDapurANa (adhyAya 115 ) meM satya kI prazaMsA hai| isa prakAra hai: tiyoM meM brAhmaNa vidhavAoM ke satI hone kA spaSTa niSedha kiyA gayA hai ( mitAkSArA, yAjJa0 1.86 ke bhASya meM uddhRta ) / yUnAnI lekhakoM ne, jo sikandara ke sAtha bhArata meM Aye the, isa bAta kA ullekha kiyA hai ki paMjAba kI kaTha jAti meM satI prathA pracalita thI ( sTraibo, 15.1. 30.62 ) / parantu yaha prathA bahupracalita nahIM thii| satI prathA kI pavitratA aura upayogitA ke sambandha meM dharmazAstrakAroM meM sadA matabheda rahA hai| medhAtithi ne manusmRti ( 5.157 ) para bhASya karate hue satI prathA kI tulanA zyenayAga se kI hai jo eka prakAra kA abhicAra (jAdU-TonA ) thaa| medhAtithi tathA kucha anya TIkAkAroM ne isakI tulanA AtmahatyA se kI hai aura ise gahita batalAyA hai / isake viparIta mitAkSarA ke racayitA vijJAnezvara tathA anyoM ne satI prathA kA samarthana kiyA hai| ___ sampUrNa madhyayuga meM yaha prathA vizeSataH rAjapUtoM meM pracalita thI / musalamAnoM ke AkramaNa se isako aura protsAhana milaa| akabara ne apane sudhAravAdI zAsana meM satI tA prathA ko banda karanA cAhA, parantu yaha banda na huI / Adhu- nika yuga meM bhI banI rhii| baMgAla meM isakA sarvAdhika pracAra thA / isakA kAraNa yaha thA ki vahA~ dAya bhAga ke anusAra patnI ko pati kI mRtyu ke pazcAt saMyukta pArivArika sampatti meM pUrNa adhikAra prApta thaa| isalie paribAravAle yahI cAhate the ki vidhavA mRta pati ke sAtha satI ho jAya / isameM chala aura bala prayoga bhI hone lgaa| rAjA rAmamohana rAya ke prayatnoM se lArDa viliyama beMTiGga ke zAsana-kAla (1829 I0 ) meM satIprathA bhArata meM niSiddha kara dI gyii| satIrtha-sahapAThI arthAt gurubhaaii| samAna guru se par3he hue paraspara satIrtha kahalAte haiN| satkAra-pUjA athavA Avabhagata / vyavahAratattva ke anusAra sabhA meM sabhAsad jisa prakAra baiThate haiM, uThate haiM, tathA dAnamAna Adi prApta karate haiM, use satkAra kahA jAtA hai| satkriyA-zavadAhAdi saMskAra ko sakriyA kahA jAtA hai / zabdaratnAvalI meM 'saMskAra' ke artha meM sakriyA kA prayoga huA hai / mahAbhArata ( 1.44.5 'prayujya sarvAH paralokasakriyAH / ') meM antyeSTi ke artha meM hI yaha zabda prayukta huA hai| na sA sabhA yatra na santi vRddhA na te vRddhA ye na vadanti satyam / nA'sau dharmo yatra na satyamasti na tatsatyaM yacchalenAnuviddham // satyanArAyaNa-Izvara kA eka paryAya / isakA artha hai 'satya hI nArAyaNa (bhagavAn) hai|' satyanArAyaNa kI vratakathA bahuta hI pracalita hai| yaha skanda purANa ke revAkhaNDa meM vaNita kahI jAtI hai| prAyaH pUrNimA ko satyanArAyaNavratakathA kahane kA pracalana hai| yadyapi kaliyuga meM satyanArAyaNa kI pUjA vizeSa phaladAyaka kahI jAtI hai. kintu satya ke nAma se nArAyaNa kA avatAra aura pUjA-upAsanA satyayuga se hI calI A rahI hai : dharmasya sUnRtAyAM tu bhagavAn puruSottamaH / satyasena iti khyAto jAtaH sanyavataiH saha / / so'nRtavataduHzIlAnasato yakSarAkSasAn / bhUtadruho bhUtagaNAMstvavadhIt satyajitsakhaH / / (bhAgavata, 8.1.25-26) satyabhAmA-kRSNa kI ATha paTarAniyoM meM dvitIya / padmapurANa (uttara khaNDa, adhyAya 69) meM ina AThoM ke nAma isa

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satyayuga-satyArthaprakAza prakAra haiM : hai / vahA~ basane vAloM kI punaH mRtyu nahIM hotI, vaha aSTau mahiSyastAH sarvA rukmiNyAdyA mahAtmanaH / satyaloka aura brahmaloka kahalAtA hai / ] rukmiNI satyabhAmA ca kAlindI ca zacismitA / / satyavatI-(1) vyAsa kI mAtA kA nAma / yaha dhIvarakanyA mitravindA jAmbavatI nAgnajitI sulakSaNA / thI / parAzara RSi ne isake sAtha saMsarga kiyA, jisase suzIlA nAma tanvaGgI mahiSyazcASTamAH smRtAH / / vyAsa kA janma huaa| satyayuga-cAra yugoM meM se prathama yuga / isakA kRta nAma isa (2) harivaMza purANa (27,18) ke anusAra RcIka kAraNa huA ki samasta prajA isa kAla meM kRtakRtya yA muni kI patnI / yathA : kRtArtha rahatI thI : 'kRtakRtya prajA yatra tannAmnA mAM kRtaM viduH // ' gAdheH kanyA mahAbhAgA nAmnA satyavatI zubhA / tAM gAdhiH kAvyaputrAya RcIkAya dadau prabhuH / / (kalki purANa, adhyAya 19) [gAdhi kI kanyA nAma se satyavatI mahAbhAgA aura kRtayuga (satyayuga) kI dazA kA varNana nimnAMkita zubhA thii| usako gAdhi ne kAvyaputra RcIka ko vivAha pAyA jAtA hai : meM diyaa|] dharmazcatuSpAdabhavat kR pUrNe jagattrayam / satyavatIsuta-(1) satyavatI ke putra dhyAsa / vAstava meM devA yathoktaphaladAzcaranti bhuvi sarvataH / / inakA nAma kRSNa thA / parAzara dvArA avivAhita satyavatI sarvasasyA vasumatI hRssttpussttjnaavRtaa| se ye utpanna hae the| satyavatI ne lajjA ke mAre inako zAThyacauryA natIMnA AvivyAdhivijitA / / eka dvIpa meM chipA diyA, isIlie Age calakara ye dvaipAyana viprA vedavidaH sumaGgalayutA nAryastu caryAtataiH bhI kahalAye / jaba inhoMne vedoM kA saMkalana aura sampAdana pUjAhomaparA pativratadharA yAgodyatAH kSatriyAH / / kiyA to inakI prasiddha upAdhi vyAsa haI / sarvAdhika vaizyA vastUSa dharmato vinimayaH zrIviSNupUjAparAH isI nAma se ye prasiddha hue / zUdrAstu dvijasevanAd harikathAlApAH saparyAparAH // (2) jamadagni RSi bhI satyavatIsuta kahalAte haiM, (kalki purANa, adhyAya 18) kyoMki unakI mAtA kA nAma bhI satyavatI thaa| vaizAkha zukla tRtIyA ravivAsara ko satya yuga kI utpatti huI thii| isameM viSNu ke cAra avatAra hue satyavAn kekaya deza ke rAjA azvapati kI kanyA sAvitrI ke pati / ye sAlva deza (pUrvI rAjasthAna, alavara ) ke 1. matsya 2. kUrma 3. varAha tathA 4 nRsiMha / isameM puNya nivAsI the / mahAbhArata (3,293.12) meM inake nAma kI pUrNa thA, pApa kA abhAva thA, mukhya tIrtha kurukSetra thA, vyutpatti isa prakAra batalAyI gayI hai : brAhmaNa grahAMza the, prANa majjAgata the, mRtyu icchAnusAra thii| isameM bali, mAndhAtA, purUravA, dhundhamArika, satyaM vadatyasya pitA satyaM mAtA prabhASate / kArtavIrya ye chaH cakravartI rAjA hue the| isakA lakSaNa tato'sya bAhmaNAzcakru maitat satyavAniti / / nimnAMkita hai : [ inake pitA satya bolate the, mAtA satya bhASaNa karatI satyadharmaratA nityaM tIrthAnAJca sadAzrayam / thI, isalie brAhmaNoM ne inakA nAma satyavAn hI nandanti devatAH sarvA satye satyaparA narAH / / rakhA / ] sAvitrI-satyavAn kI prasiddha thA mahAbhArata (de0 bhAgavata, 12,4,2 para zrIdhara svAmI kI TIkA) (3.292 aura Age) meM vistAra se dI huI hai| satyaloka-sAta lokoM ke antargata eka loka / viSNu- satyArthaprakAza-Arya samAja ke pravartaka svAmI dayAnanda purANa (2.7) meM isakA nimnAMkita lakSaNa diyA huA hai : sarasvatI dvArA likhita prasiddha grantha / yaha Arya samAja kA SaDguNena tapolokAt satyaloko virAjate / sarvamAnya grantha hai / isake adhikAMza prAraMbhika adhyAyoM apunarmArakA yatra brahmaloko hi sa smRtaH // (samallAsoM) meM Arya samAja ke siddhAntoM kA maNDana aura [ tapa loka se cha: gunA satyaloka adhika virAjamAna samAjasudhAraka vicAroM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai|

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652 satra sadAcAra isake pazcAt paurANika tathA tAntrika hindU dharma tathA saMsAra ke anyAnya dharmoM kI kdd'| samIkSA kI gayI hai| de0 'Arya smaaj'| satra-yajJa kA paryAya / bhAgavata purANa (1.1) meM yajJa ke artha meM hI isakA prayoga huA hai| naimiSe'nimiSakSetra RSayaH zaunakAdayaH / satraM svargAya lokAya sahasrasamamAsata // kalimAgatamAjJAya kSetre'sminvaNave vayam / AsInA dIrghasatreNa kathAyAM sakSaNA hareH / / [animiSakSetra naimiSAraNya meM zaunaka Adi RSiyoM ne svarga kI prApti aura loka kalyANa ke lie sahasroM varSa kA satra (yajJa) kiyaa| kali ko AyA huA jAnakara isa vaiSNava kSetra meM hama loga dIrgha satra (yajJa) karate hue bhagavatthA meM samaya bitAne lage / ] satrAjit-kRSNa kI patnI satyabhAmA ke pitA / satvat-yaduvaMza ke eka prAcIna rAjA, jinase sAtvata vaMza claa| ve aMzu ke putra the| sAtvatoM meM hI vaiSNavoM kA bhAgavata sampradAya prArambha meM vikasita huA, ataH ise sAtvata sampradAya bhI kahate haiN| satvat ke putra sAtvata ne nArada se bhAgavata dharma kA upadeza grahaNa kiyA (de0 kurma puraann)| isa dharma kI vizeSatA thI niSkAma karma aura vAsudeva kI ArAdhanA / jJAna, karma aura bhakti ke samuccaya athavA samanvaya ke sAtvata loga samarthaka the / sadana-svAmI rAmAnanda ke pUrva rAmAvata sampradAya me kaI santa AcArya hue / inameM nAmadeva aura trilocana mahArASTra meM tathA sadana aura benI tara bhArata meM hae the| sadana ne hindI meM apane padoM kI racanA kii| rAya bAlezvara prasAda ne santabAnI-saMgraha san 1915 meM belbeDiyara presa ilAhAbAda se prakAzita karAyA thaa| usameM sadana ke pada saMgRhIta haiN| sadAvAra--dharma ke aneka srotoM meM se eka / isako dharmasUtroM meM zIla, sAmayAcArika athavA ziSTAcAra kahA gayA hai aura smatiyoM meM AcAra athavA sadAcAra / dharma ke srotoM kIgaNanA nimnAMkita prakAra hai : vedo dharmamUlam / tadvidAJca smRtizIle / (gau0 50 1.1-2) athAtaH sAmayAcArikAndharmAn vyAkhyAsyAmaH / dharmajJasamayaH pramANam vedAzca / (Apa0 dharma0 1.1.1-3) zrutismativihito dharmaH / tadalAme ziSTAcAraH pramANam / ziSTaH punara kAmAtmma / agRhyamANakAraNo dharmaH / / (vasiSThadharma0 1. 4-7) zrutiH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / samyaksaMkalpanaH kAmoH dharmamUlamidaM smRtam / / (yAjJa0 1.7) vedo'khilo dharmamUlaM smatizIle ca tadvidAm / AcArazcaiva sAdhUnAmAtmanastuSTireva ca / / (manu 1.6) Apastamba dharmasUtra ke bhASya meM haradatta sAmayAcArika kI vyAkhyA isa prakAra karate haiM : pauruSeyI vyavasthA samayaH, saca fvidhaH, vidhiniyamaH, pratiSedhazceti / samayamUlA AcArAH, teSu bhavAH sAmayAcArikAH, evaMbhUtAn dharmAniti / karmajanyo'bhyudayaniHzreyasaheturapUrvAkhya AtmaguNo dharmaH / [ pauruSeyI vyavasthA ko samaya kahate hai, vaha tIna prakAra kA hotA hai-(1) vidhi (2) niyama aura (1) pratiSedha / AcAroM kA mUla samaya meM hotA hai| unameM utpanna hone ke kAraNa ve sAmayAcArika kahalAte hai| arthAt isa prakAra se utpanna hue dharma / kama se utpanna, abhyudayaniHzreyasa kA kAraNabhUta apUrva nAmaka AtmA kA guNa dharma hai / ] vasiSThadharmasUtra meM ziSTa kI paribhASA dI gayI hai : ziSTaH punarakAmAtmA / [ziSTa vaha hai jo (svArthamaya) kAmanAoM se rahita ho] akAmAtmA kA hI AcAra pramANa mAnA jA sakatA hai / manu ne zIla aura AcAra meM thor3A bheda kiyA hai / kullUka ke anusAra zIla naitika guNoM ko kahate hai, jaise vidyAprema, devabhakti, pitRbhakti Adi; AcAra vaha hai jo anubandha athavA paramparA para AdhArita ho| zruti tathA smRti aura AcAra kI prAmANikatA meM bhI antara hai| prathama do dharma ke maulika pramANa hai, jaba ki AcAra sahAyaka pramANa hai| sadAcAra athavA AcAra tIna prakAra kA hotA hai : (1) dezAcAra (2) jAtyAcAra aura (3) kulAcAra / bhinna-bhinna pradezoM meM vibhinna AcAra, prathAyeM aura

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sadAcAra paramparAe~ pracalita hotI haiM, ve dezAcAra kahalAtI haiM / isI prakAra vibhinna jAtiyoM meM bhI apane-apane viziSTa AcAra hote haiM, jo jAtyAcAra kahalAte hai| jAti ke bhItara vibhinna kuloM meM bhI apane-apane vizeSa AcAra hote haiM, jinako kulAcAra kahate haiM / ye zruti smRtiyoM meM vihita vidhAna ke atirikta hote haiN| kAlamAnita aura bahumAnita hone ke kAraNa ye pramANa mAne jAte haiM, yadyapi zruti smRtiyoM se aviruddha hone kI inase apekSA kI jAtI hai| sadAcAra ke prAmANya para kumArila dvArA tantravArtika ( jaimini, 1 3.7 ) meM vistAra se vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isake anusAra ve hI prathAe~ sadAcAra ke antargata AtI haiM jo zruti ke spaSTa pATha ke aviruddha hotI haiM, jinakA AcaraNa ziSTa isa vizvAsa se karate haiM ki unakA pAlana karanA dharma hai, jinakA koI iSTa phala ( kAma athavA lobha) nahIM hotA hai / ziSTa bhI ve hI hote haiM jo spaSTa zrutivihita kartavyoM kA svecchA se apane Apa pAlana karate haiM; ve nahIM jo tathAkathita sadAcAra kA pAlana karate haiM / yadi aisA na ho to ziSTatA vAgjAla ke cakra meM par3a jAyegI / isalie paramparAgata aura pIr3hI dara pIr3hI se calI Ane vAlI prathAoM kA ziSToM dvArA isa buddhi se pAlana ki ve dharma ke aGga hai, vastutaH dharma haiM aura isase svarga kI prApti hotI hai : duSTakAraNahInAni yAni karmANi prayuktAni pratIyeran dharmatveneha zarIrasthitaye yAni sukhArthaM vA prayuJjate / arthArtha vA na vasti ziSTAnAmeva dharmadhIH // dharmatvena prapannAni niSTeryAni tu kAnicit / vaidikaiH karmasAmAnyAtteSAM dharmatvamiSyate // naiva teSAM sadAcAranimittA ziSTatA matA / sAkSAdvihitakAritvAcchiSTatve sati tadvacaH / / pratyakSa vedavihitakriyayA hi labdhaziSTatvavyapadezA yatparamparAprAptamamyadapi dharmabuddhyA kurvanti tadapi svayaMtvAddharUpameva / (vArtika, pR0 205 206 ) / kevala mahAn puruSoM kA AcaraNa mAtra sadAcAra nahIM haiM, kyoMki unake jIvana meM kaI karma dharmaviruddha hote haiM, jinakA AcaraNa sAmAnya puruSoM ko nahIM karanA cAhie: sAdhubhiH / tAnyapi / / dRSTo dharmavyatikramaH sAhasaM ca mahatAm / avaradaurbalyAt (gautama dharma0 1. 3-4 ) dRSTI dharmavyatikramaH sAhasaM ca pUrvaSAm / teSAM tejovizeSeNa pratyavAyo na vidyate / tadanvIkSya prayuJjAnaH sIdatyavaraH / / (Apa0 dharma0 2.6.13.7-9) kumArila ne tantravArtika ( jaimini 3.3.14) meM sadAcAra ke bAdhoM para bhI vicAra diyA hai| yadi kisI AcAra aura smRti meM virodha ho to AcAra smRti se bAdhita hotA hai eka AcAra dUsare adhika abhiyuktatara ( zreSTha dvArA prayukta) AcAra se saMdigdha AcAra asaMdigdha AcAra se bAdhita hotA hai Adi (smRtyApyAcAraH so'pyabhiyuktarAcAreNa saMdigdhamasaMdigdhena) / sadAcAra ke mImAMsaka mUlyAMkana se kucha smRtikAroM ne apanA matabheda prakaTa kiyA hai| kisI AcAra ko rAjya dvArA isalie amAnya nahIM kara denA cAhie ki usakA smRti dvArA virodha hai| aise AcAra kA virodha zuddha dhArmika dRSTi se hai, vyAvahArika (vidhika) dRSTi se nahIM / kisI AcAra ke prAmANika hone ke lie yaha paryApta haiM ki vaha cirakAlamAnita aura bahumAnita hai| bRhaspati kA kathana hai "dezAcAra, jAtyAcAra aura kulAcAra kA, jahA~ bhI ve prAcIna kAla se pracalita hoM, usI prakAra Adara karanA caahie| nahIM to prajA meM kSobha utpanna hotA hai; rAjA ke bala aura koSa kA nAza hotA hai / aise AcAra ke pAlana se prajA prAyazcita athavA daNDa kI bhAgI nahIM hotI dezajAtikulAnAJca ye dharmAH prAkpravartitAH / tathaiva te pAlanIyAH prajA prakSubhyate yathA // janAvaraktirbhavati valaM koSaJca nazyati / anena karmaNA te prAyazcittadamAhaMkAH // 653 (bRhaspati) sAdhu puruSoM ke AcaraNa ko sadAcAra kahate haiN| manusmRti meM brahmAvarta ke nivAsiyoM ke AcAra ko sadAcAra batalAyA gayA hai : sarasvatIdRSadvatyo vanayoryadantaram / tavanirmitaM dezaM brahmAvarta pracakSate // tasmin deze ya AcAraH pAramparyakramAgataH / varNAnAM sAntarAlAnAM sadAcAraH sa uccate // [devanadI sarasvatI aura dRSadvatI ke bIca meM jo antarAla hai vaha devatAoM se nirmita deza brahmAvarta kahalAtA

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654 sadAcArasmRti-sadyaHzauca hai / usa deza meM antarAla sahita cAroM varNI kA paramparA- sakatI / mahAbhArata (2.794) meM gaNDakI aura sadAnIrA gata jo AcAra hai vaha sadAcAra kahalAtA hai| ] ko alaga-alaga mAnA gayA hai| kintu yahA~ zAyada gaNDakI dharma ke pramukha cAra sroto meM tIsarA sadAcAra hai : kA tAtparya choTI gaNDaka se hai, jo uttara pradeza ke devazrutiH smatiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / riyA jile meM bahatI hai| sadAnIrA kA eka nAma nArAyaNI etaccaturvidha prAhuH sAkSAd dharmasya lakSaNam / / yA zAlagrAmI bhI hai / varSARtu meM anya nadiyA~ rajasvalA (manusmRti) hone ke kAraNa apavitra rahatI haiM, kintu isakA jala [ zruti, smati, sadAcAra aura apane AtmA ko priya, sadA pavitra rahatA hai| ataH yaha sadAnIrA kahalAtI hai / yaha cAra prakAra kA sAkSAt dharma kA lakSaNa kahA yaha paTanA ke pAsa gaMgA meM mila jAtI hai| gayA hai|] sadApUNa-Rgvedokta ( 5.44.12 ) eka RSi / ___ kAlikApurANa (adhyAya 86), vAmanapurANa (adhyAya sadAziva brahmendra-bhaTTojidIkSita ke samakAlIna eka vidvAn 14), padmapurANa (svarga khaNDa, adhyAya 29,30,31) aura saMnyAsI / saMbhavataH ye kAJcI kAmakoTi pITha ke mahAdhIzvara mArkaNDeyapurANa ke sadAcArAdhyAya meM sadAcAra kA vistRta bhI the / inake racita grantha gururatnamAlikA meM brahmavidyAvarNana pAyA jAtA hai| bharaNakAra svAmI advaitAnanda kA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| sadAcArasmRti-madhvAcArya dvArA racita eka grantha / isameM sadAziva svAmI ne advaitavidyAvilAsa, bodhAryAtmanirveda, mAdhva sAmpradAyika vaiSNavoM ke AcAroM kA varNana aura gururatnamAlikA, brahmakIrtanataraGgiNI Adi granthoM kI vivecana hai| racanA kI thii| sadAnanda-advaita darzana ke eka AcArya advaitAnanda pandrahavIM saduktikarNAmRta-baGgadezIya vaiSNava zrIdharadAsa dvArA prastuta zatI meM hue the, jinhoMne brahmasUtra ke zAGkara bhASya para stutiyoM kA eka saMgraha grantha / isakA racanAkAla 1205 bharaNa nAmaka bhASya padya meM likhaa| advaitAnanda I0 hai| isameM jayadeva ke kucha padya bhI saMgRhIta haiN| ke ziSya sadAnanda the, jinhoMne gadya meM vedAntasAra sadyaHzaddhi-sAmAnyataH maraNAzauca aura jananAzauca meM nAmaka grantha likhaa| yaha zAGkara vedAnta kI acchI zuddhi bAraha dinoM ke pazcAt hotI hai / parantu kinhIM bhUmikA prastuta karatA hai parantu isa para sAMkhya kA prabhAva paristhitiyoM meM sadyaH (turanta) zuddhi ho jAtI hai / spaSTa hai| garuDapurANa (adhyAya 107) ke anusAra : sadAnanda yogIndra-inhoMne vedAntasAra nAmaka grantha kI dezAntaramRte bAle sadyaH zuddhiryatau mRte / ' racanA kii| inakA jIvana kAla solahavIM zatI kA [dezAntara meM marane para, bAlaka kI mRtyu para tathA uttarArddha hai| vedAntasAra ke Upara nRsiMha sarasvatI kI saMnyAsI kI mRtyu para sadyaH zuddhi ho jAtI hai| ] isakA subodhinI nAmaka TIkA hai jisakA racanAkAla zaka saM0 kAraNa yaha hai ki prathama aura dvitIya kA parivAra se 1518 hai| vedAntasAra advaitavedAnta kA atyanta sarala sambandha nahIM rahatA hai| dvitIya kA vyaktitva avikasita prakaraNa grantha hai| isa para kaI TIkAe~ likhI gayI hai| aura usakA parivAra meM abhiniveza prAyaH nahIM hotA / isa grantha se mumukSuoM kA bahuta upakAra huA hai / sadAnanda / sadyaHzauca-sAmAjika AvazyakatA aura kucha vizeSa yogIndra kA eka grantha zaGkaradigvijaya bhI hai jo abhI kAraNoM se kucha vargoM aura vyaktiyoM kA zauca (zuddhi) nAgarAkSaroM meM prakAzita nahIM hai / de0 sadAnanda / turanta mAna liyA jAtA hai| garuDapurANa (adhyAya 107) sadAnIrA-zatapatha brAhmaNa (1.4.1.14 ) ke anusAra meM kathana hai : yaha kosala aura videha ke bIca sImA banAtI thii| zilpinaH kAravo vaidyAH dAsIdAsAzca bhRtyakAH / vebara isako gaNDakI ( bar3I gaMDaka ) mAnate haiM, jo ThIka agnimAn zrotriyo rAjA sadyaH zaucAH prakIrtitAH / / pratIta hotA hai / kucha logoM ne isako karatoyA mAnA hai [ zilpI loga, bar3haI, vaidya, dAsI, dAsa, bhRtya, yajJa (impIriyala gajeTiyara oNpha iMDiyA, pR 15,24) / parantu karane vAlA, zrotriya aura rAjA ye turanta zauca vAle (zuddha) karatoyA bahuta dUra pUrva meM hone se sadAnIrA nahIM ho mAne jAte haiM / ]

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sadvidyAvijaya-sanAtanagosvAmI 655 karmapurANa (upavibhAga, adhyAya 22), AdipurANa evaM sanatkumAra-(1) sanat (brahmA) ke putra hone se athavA sanata kaI smatiyoM meM sadyaHzauca vAle logoM kI lambI sUciyA~ (sadA) kumAra rahane ke kAraNa inakA nAma sanatkumAra pAyI jAtI haiM / kucha karmoM kA anuSThAna prArambha ho jAne par3A / harivaMza meM isakI vyutpatti isa prakAra kI para azauca nahIM hotA : vratayajJavivAheSu zrAddhahomArcane jpe| yathotpannastathaivAhaM kumAra iti viddhi mAm / tasmAt sanatkumAreti nAmaitanme pratiSThitam / / Arabdhe sUtakaM na syAdanArabdhe tu sUtakam / / (viSNusmRti) vAmana purANa (a0 57-58) ke anusAra dharma kI ahiMsA nAmaka patnI se cAra putra utpanna hue jinameM eka [vrata, yajJa aura vivAha meM, isI prakAra zrAddha, homa, __ sanatkumAra the / ina putroM ko brahmA ne dattakarUpa meM grahaNa arcana aura japa meM bhI Arambha ho jAne para sUtaka nahIM kiyA : hotA; anArambha meM hotA hai / ] de0 sadyaHzuddhi / dharmasya bhAryA'hiMsAkhyA tasyAM putracatuSTayam / sadvidyAvijaya-doddaya mahAcArya rAmAnujadAsa kRta eka samprAptaM munizArdUla yogazAstravicArakam / / grantha / isakA racanAkAla solahavIM zatI hai| isameM zrI jyeSThaH sanatkumAro'bhUd dvitIyazca sanAtanaH / vaiSNava vedAntamata kA pratipAdana huA hai / tRtIyaH sanako nAma caturthazca sanandanaH / / sadharmacAriNI-eka sAtha dharma kA AcaraNa karane vAlI / (2) chAndogya upaniSada (7.1-1;26.2) meM eka jJAnI yaha bhAryA kA paryAya hai| RSi kA nAma / paurANika purAkathA ke anusAra ye vaiSNava sadhavA--dhava = pati ke, sa = sAtha vidyamAna / jisa strI paramparA ke naiSThika brahmacArI the| brahmA ke cAra putroM meM kA pati jIvita hotA hai use sadhavA kahate haiM / meM se ye eka the| sanaka--(1) brahmA ke cAra mAnasa patroM meM se prathama / sanatkumAraupapurANa-yaha untIsa upapurANoM meM se eka hai| zrImadbhAgavatapurANa (3.12) meM inakA varNana hai| sanatkumAratantra-AgamatattvavilAsa meM anusUcita causaTha (2) jaiminIya brAhmaNa (3.233) ke anusAra sanaka do tantroM meM se eka tntr| kApyoM meM se eka kA nAma hai ( dUsarA navaka hai / ) inhoMne ___ sanandana-brahmA ke caturtha putra (de0 sanatkumAra) / skanda vibhindakIyoM ke yajJa meM bhAga liyA thaa| Rgveda ke eka purANa ke kAzI khaNDa ke anusAra ye janaloka vAsI haiM sthala (3.147) para inako yajJa se udAsIna ke rUpa meM aura divya manuSya mAne jAte haiN| isIlie pitaroM ke cacita kiyA gayA hai| saMbhavataH inakI bhaktivAdI pravRtti samAna inakA tarpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| ke kAraNa / sanAtana--(1) brahmA ke dvitIya putra / kAzI khaNDa ke anusAra sanakasaMpradAya-AcArya zaGkara ke pazcAt jina vaiSNava ye janalokavAsI kintu agnipurANa ke anusAra tapolokasampradAyoM kA vikAsa huA, unameM eka sanaka sampradAya bhI vAsI the| brahmA, viSNu aura ziva kA paryAya bhI 'sanAtana' hai / mukhya vaiSNava sampradAya the-(1) zrIsampradAya (2) hai| hemacandra ke anusAra sanAtana pitaroM ke atithi brahmasampradAya (3) rudrasampradAya aura (4) sanakasampradAya / haiM / de0 'sntkumaar'| aba inameM se nimbArka ke anuyAyioM kA sampradAya sanaka (2) taittirIya saMhitA (4.3.3.1) meM eka RSi athavA sanakAdi rAmpradAya kahalAtA hai| ina sabhI sampra- kA nAma / bRhadAraNyaka upaniSad kI (2.5.22:4.5.28) dAyoM kA AdhAra zruti (veda) hai aura darzana vedAnta / do vaMzasUciyoM meM inakA ullekha sanaga nAmaka RSi ke inakI sAhityika paramparA bhI prAyaH eka hai| kevala ziSya aura sanAru ke guru ke rUpa meM huA hai| vyAkhyA karane kI paddhati bhinna-bhinna haiM / bAharI AcAroM sanAtana gosvAmI caitanya mahAprabhu ke pramukha ziSya / rUpa meM bheda hone se inameM sampradAyabheda utpanna ho gyaa| gosvAmI aura sanAtana gosvAmI donoM mahAprabhu ke paTTa sanakAdisampradAya-de0 'sanakasampradAya' / ziSya evaM bhAI the| ye pahale baMgAla ke navAba ke yahA~ ucca

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656 sandhyA karmacArI the| caitanya mahAprabhu se prabhAvita hone para eka dina sanAtana ke mana meM saMsAra ke prati vairAgya utpanna huaa| eka dina ve kisI sarakArI kAma se kahIM jA rahe the / bahuta jora kI A~dhI AyI aura AkAza bAdaloM se ghira gayA / mArga meM eka mehatara dampati Apasa meM vArtAlApa karate hue mile | patnI pati ko bAhara jAne se roka rahI thii| usane pati se kahA, "aise jhaMjhAvAta meM saMkaTa ke samaya yA to dUsare kA naukara bAhara jA sakatA hai athavA kuttaa|" sanAtana gosvAmI ne isa bAta ko sunakara naukarI chor3ane kA nizcaya kiyaa| parantu yaha bAta navAba ko mAlUma ho gayI aura usane sanAtana ko kArAgAra meM DAla diyA / sanAtana apane ko bhagavAn ke caraNoM meM samarpita kara cuke the| kArAdhyakSa ko prasanna kara eka dina kevala eka kambala ke sAtha ye jela ke bAhara A gaye aura mahAprabhu caitanya kI zaraNa meM pahu~ca gaye / kambala dekhakara mahAprabhu ne udAsInatA prakaTa kii| isa para sanAtana ne kambala kA bhI tyAga kara diyaa| ve atyanta virakta hokara kRSNa kI ArAdhanA meM tallIna ho gaye / jIvana ke antima bhAga meM ye vRndAvana meM rahane lage the| inhoMne gItAvalI, vaiSNavatoSiNI, bhAgavatAmRta aura siddhAntasAra nAmaka gaMbhIra granthoM kI racanA kii| bhAgavatAmRta meM caitanya sampradAya ke kartavya aura AcAra kA varNana hai| haribhaktivilAsa nAmaka grantha bhI inhIM ke nAma se prasiddha hai / isa grantha meM bhagavAn ke svarUpa aura upAsanA kA / varNana hai / baMgalA bhASA meM bhI inakA eka grantha rasamayakalikA nAma se pracalita hai / sanAtana gosvAmI acintyabhedAbheda mata ke mAnane vAle the aura inake granthoM kA yahI darzana hai| sandhyA-eka dhArmika kriyA jo, hinduoM kA anivArya kartavya hai| dina aura rAtri kI sandhi meM yaha kriyA kI jAtI hai, isalie isako sandhyA (sandhivelA meM kI huI) kahate haiM / vyAsa kA kathana hai : upAste sandhivelAyAM nizAyA divasasya ca / tAmeva sandhyAM tasmAttu pravadanti manISiNaH / / isakI anya vyutpattiyA~ bhI pAyI jAtI haiN| yathA 'samyaka dhyAyantyasyAmiti / ' 'saMdadhAtIti' / dina aura rAtri ko sandhi ke atirikta madhyAhna ko bhI sandhi mAnA jAtA hai / ataH tIna sandhyAoM meM jo upAsanA kI jAtI hai, usakA nAma (trikAla) sandhyA hai| ina kAloM meM upAsya devatA kA nAma bhI sandhyA hai| sandhyA upAsanA sabhI ke lie Avazyaka hai, kintu brAhmaNa ke lie anivArya hai : etat sandhyAtrayaM proktaM brAhmaNyaM yadadhiSThitam / yasya nAstyAdarastatra na sa brAhmaNa ucyate / / abrAhmaNAstu SaT proktA RSiNA tattvavAdinA / Adyo rAjabhRtasteSAM dvitIyaH krayavikrayI / tRtIyo bahuyAjyaH syAccaturthoM grAmayAjakaH / paJcamastu bhRtasteSAM grAmasya nagarasya ca / / anAgatAntu yaH pUrvAM sAdityAJcaiva pazcimAma / napAsIta dvijaH sandhyAM sa SaSTho'brAhmaNaH smRtam / / (zAtAtapa) [ tattvavAdI RSi dvArA chaH prakAra ke abrAhmaNa kahe gaye haiN| unameM se prathama rAjasevaka hai; dUsarA kraya aura vikraya karane vAlA hai; tIsarA bahutoM kA yajJa karAne vAlA; cauthA grAmayAjaka; pA~cavA~ grAma aura nagara kA bhRtya aura chaThA prAta: aura sAyaM sandhyA na karane vaalaa|] yAjJavalkaya ne sandhyA kA lakSaNa isa prakAra batalAyA hai : trayANAJcaiva vedAnAM brahmAdInAM samAgamaH / sandhiH sarvasurANAJca tena sandhyA prakIrtitA // [Rk, sAma, yajuH tInoM vedoM aura brahmA, viSNu, ziva tIna mUrtiyoM kA isameM samAgama hotA hai / sabhI devatAoM ko isameM sandhi hotI hai, isalie yaha sandhyA nAma se prasiddha hai| ] saMvartasmRti meM sandhyopAsanA kA upakrama isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : prAtaHsandhyAM sanakSatrAmupAsIta yathA vidhi / sAdityAM pazcimA sandhyAmardAstamitabhAskarAm / / prAtaHsandhyA kI upAsanA yathA vidhi nakSatra sahita (thor3I rAta rahate) karanI cAhie / sAyaM sandhyA Adhe asta sUrya ke sAtha honI cAhie / ] madhyAhna sandhyA ke lie AThavA~ muhurta upayukta batalAyA gayA hai : 'samasUrye'pi madhyAhna maharte saptamopari / ' sAMkhyAyanagRhyasUtra meM sandhyA kA nimnAMkita vidhAna hai : "araNye samitpANiH sandhyA mupAste nityaM vAgyata uttarAparAbhimukho'nvaSTamadizamAnakSatradarzanAt / atikrAntAyAM mahAvyAhRtI: sAvitrI svastyayanAdi japtvA evaM prAtaH prAGmukhastiSThan AmaNDaladarzanAditi /

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saMnyAsI 657 vyAsa ne tIna kAla kI sandhyAoM ke alaga-alaga nAma diye haiM : "gAyatrI nAma pUrvAhna sAvitrI madhyame dine / sarasvatI ca sAyAhna, saitra sandhyA triSu smRtA / / pratigrahAnnadoSAcca pAtakAdupapAtakAt / gAyatrI procyate tasmAt gAyantaM trAyate yataH // svitdyotnaa| saiva sAvitrI prikiirtitaa| jagataH prasavitrItvAt vArarUpatvAt sarasvatI // " [ pUrvAhna meM jo sandhyA kI jAtI hai usakA nAma gAyatrI; madhyAhna meM jo kI jAtI hai usakA nAma sAvitrI aura sAyaM jo kI jAtI hai usakA nAma sarasvatI hai / dAna meM grahaNa kiye hae anna ke doSa, pAtaka aura upapAtaka se apane gAnevAle ( upAsanA karanevAle ) ko trANa detI hai, isaliye gAyatrI kahalAtI hai| savitA ke prakAza athavA jagat ko utpanna karane ke kAraNa sAvitrI nAma se prasiddha hai| vArarUpa hone se sarasvatI kahalAtI hai / ] sandhyA kA mAhAtmya taittirIya brAhmaNa meM isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai : "udyantamastaM yAntamAdityamabhidhyAyan kurvan brAhmaNo vidvAn sakalaM bhadramaznute / asAvAdityo brahmA iti brahmava san brahmAbhyeti ya evaM vedetyayamarthaH / " [ugate hue, asta hote hae tathA madhyAhna meM Upara jAte hue Aditya ( sUrya ) kA dhyAna karate hue vidvAn brAhmaNa sampUrNa kalyANa ko prApta karatA hai / yaha Aditya brahmarUpa hI hai , upAsaka brahma hotA huA brahma ko prApta karatA hai, vaha isakA artha hai / ] yAjJavalkya ne aura vistAra ke sAtha isakA mAhAtmya batalAyA hai : yA sandhyA sA tu gAyatrI dvidhA bhUtvA prtisstthitaa| sandhyA upAsitA yena viSNustena upAsitaH / / gavAM sarpiH zarIrasthaM na karotyaMgapoSaNam / niHsRtaM karmasaMyuktaM punastAsAM tadauSadham / / evaM sa hi zarIrasthaH sapivatparamezvaraH / vinA copAsanAdeva na karoti hitaM nRSu // praNavavyAhRtibhyAJca gAyatryA tritayena ca / upAsyaM paramaM brahma AtmA yatra pratiSThitaH // vAcyaH sa IzvarA prokto vAcaka: pravaNaH smRtaH / vAcake'pi ca vijJAte vAcya eva prasIdati / / 83 bharbhuvaH svastathA pUrva svayameva svayambhuvA / vyAhRtA jJAnadehena tasmAt vyAhRtayaH smRtAH / / 'zaddhitattva' meM janana-maraNAzauca meM sandhyopAsanA kA niSedha kiyA gayA hai : sandhyAM paJcamahAyajJaM naityikaM smRtikarma ca / tanmadhye hApayetteSAM dazAhAnte punaH kriyA / / saMnyAsa-(1) cAra AzramoM meM se caturtha Azrama / prathama tIna AzramoM-brahmArya, gArhasthya aura vAnaprastha-ke pAlana ke pazcAt isameM praveza karane kA vidhAna hai / vAmana purANa (a0 14) meM saMnyAsa Azrama kA dharma nimnAMkita prakAra se batalAyA gayA hai : sarvasaGgaparityAgo brahmacaryasamanvitaH / jitendriyatvamAvAse nakasminvasatizciram / / anAranbhastathAhAre bhikSA vipre hyanindite / AtmajJAnavivekazca tathA hyAtmAvabodhanam / / caturthe cAzrame dharmo hyasmAbhiste prakIrtitaH / / [ sabhI prakAra kI Asakti kA tyAga, brahmacarya kA pAlana, indriyajaya, eka sthAna meM cirakAla taka rahane kA tyAga, kAmanAyukta karma kA abhAva, AhAra meM prazasta vipra ke yahA~ bhikSAvRtti, AtmajJAna kA viveka, AtmA meM hI sabhI prakAra se niSThA, caturtha Azrama ( saMnyAsa ) meM yaha dharma tumase kahA gayA hai / ] kaliyuga meM saMnyAsa kA niSedha batalAyA gayA hai : azvamedhaM gayAlambhaM saMnyAsaM palapatakam / devareNa sunotpatti klau paJca vivarjayet // 'malamAsa-tattva-pratijJA meM raghunandana bhaTTAcArya ke anusAra yaha kalivarNya kevala kSatriya aura vaizya ke lie hai / de0 'Azrama' / saMnyAsI-caturtha Azrama saMnyAsa grahaNa karane vAle vyakti ko saMnyAsI kahate haiN| brahmavaivartapurANa ke prakRti khaNDa ( adhyAya 33 ) meM saMnyAsI ke dharma kA varNana nimnalikhita prakAra hai : sadanne vA kadanne vA loSTe vA kAJcane tthaa| samabuddhiryasya zazvat sa saMnyAsIti kIrtitaH / / daNDaM kamaNDalu raktavastramAtraJca dhArayet / nityaM pravAsI naikatra sa saMnyAsIti kIrtitaH / / zuddhAcAradvijAnnaJca bhukke logAdivajitaH / kintu kiJcinna yAcet sa saMnyAsIti kIrtitaH / /

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658 na vyApArI nAzramI ca sarvakarmavivarjitaH / dhyAyennArAyaNaM vatsa saMnyAsIti kIrtitaH // zazvanmaunI brahAcArI sambhASAlApavajitaH / sarvaM brahmamayaM pazyet sa saMnyAmIti kIrtitaH // sarvatra samabuddhivaca hiMsAmAyAvivajitaH / krodhAhaGkArarahitaH sa saMnyAsIti kIrtitaH // ayAcitapasthitazca miSTAmiSTaJca bhuktavAn / na yAcet bhakSaNArthI sa saMnyAsIti kIrtitaH // na ca pazyet mukhaM strINAM na tiSThetatsamIpataH / dAravImapi doSAJca na spRzedyaH sa bhikSukaH // [ sadanna athavA kadanna meM, loSTra athavA kAJcana meM jisakI samAna vRddhi rahatI hai vaha saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai| jo daNDa, kamaNDala aura raktavastra dhAraNa karatA hai aura eka sthAna meM na rahakara nitya pravAsa meM rahatA haiM vaha saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai jo zuddha AcAra vAle dvija kA ana khAtA hai, lobhAdi se rahita hotA hai aura kisI se kucha mA~gatA nahIM, yaha saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai| jo vyApAra nahIM karatA, jo prathama tIna AzramoM kA tyAga kara cukA hai, sabhI karmoM meM anAsakta, sadA nArAyaNa kA dhyAna karatA hai, vaha saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai / sadA mauna rahanevAlA, brahmacArI, sambhASaNa aura AlApa na karanevAlA aura saba ko brahmamaya dekhanevAlA hotA hai, vaha saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai / sarvatra samabuddhi rakhanevAlA, hiMsA aura mAyA se rahita, kopa aura ahaM se mukta saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai vinA nimaMtraNa ke upasthita, miSTa- amiSTa kA bhojana karanevAlA aura bhojana ke lie kabhI na mAMganevAlA saMnyAsI kahalAtA hai jo strI kA mukha kabhI nahIM dekhatA, na unake samIpa khar3A hotA hai aura kASTha kI strI ko bhI nahIM chUtA, vaha bhikSuka ( sanyAsI ) hai / ] TospurANa ( adhyAya 49) meM bhI saMnyAsI kA dharma varNita hai tapasA kapito'tyantaM yastu dhyAnaparI bhavet / saMnyAsIha sa vijJeyo vAnaprasthAzrame sthitaH // yogAbhyAsarato nityamArurutendriyaH / jJAnAya vartate bhikSuH procyate pArameSThikaH / / yastvAtmaratireva syAnnityatRpto mahAmuniH / samyak ca damasampannaH sa yogI bhikSurucyate // sapiNDa sapiNDIkaraNa bhaikSyaM zrutaJca maunitvaM tapo dhyAnaM vizeSataH / samyak ca jJAna-vairAgye dharmo'yaM bhikSuke mataH // jJAnasaMnyAsinaH kecid vedasaMnyAsino'pare / karmasaMnyAsinaH kecit trividhaH pArameSThikaH / yogI ca trividho jJeyo bhautikI mokSa eva ca / tRtIyo'ntyAthamI proto yogamUrtisamAzritaH // prathamA bhAvanA pUrve mokSe tvakSarabhAvanA / tRtIye cAntimA proktA bhAvanA pAramezvarI // yatInAM yatacittAnAM nyAsimAmUrdhvaretasAm / Ananda brahma tatsvAnaM yasmAnnAvartate muniH // yoginAmamRtaM sthAnaM vyomAkhyaM paramakSaram / AnandamaizvaraM yasmAnmukto nAvartate naraH // kUrmapurANa (upavibhAga, adhyAya 27; yatidharmanAmaka adhyAya 28) meM bhI saMnyAsI dharma kA vistAra se varNana pAyA jAtA hai / de0 'Azrama' | sapiNDa - jinake piNDa athavA mUla puruSa samAna hote haiM ve Apasa meM sapiNDa kahalAte haiM / sAta puruSa taka piNDa kI jJAti haiM / azauca, vivAha aura dAya ke bheda se piNDa tIna prakAra kA hotA hai eka gotra meM dAna bhoga evaM anya sambandha se azauca-sapiNDa sAta puruSa taka hotA hai| pitA tathA pitR-bandhu kI apekSA se sAta puruSa taka vivAhasapiNDa hotA hai tathA mAtAmaha evaM mAtRtva kI apekSA se pA~ca puruSa taka hotA hai / udvAha-tattva nAmaka grantha meM nArada kA nimnAMkita vacana uddhRta hai| paJcamAt saptamAdUddha vaM mAtRtaH pitRtaH kramAt / sapiNDatA nivarteta sarvavarNeSvayaM vidhiH // dAya sapiNDa tIna puruSa taka hI hotA hai / ve tIna puruSa haiM pitA, pitAmaha aura prapitAmaha aura unake putra pautra evaM prapautra dauhitR / isI prakAra mAtAmaha, pramAtAmaha, aura buddha pramAtAmaha aura unake putra, pauSa aura prapautra / (de0 dAyabhAga) | matsyapurANa meM bhIM sapiNDa kA vicAra kiyA gayA hai / lepabhAjazcaturthAdyAH pitrAdyAH piNDabhAginaH / piNDadaH saptamasteSAM sApiNDyaM sAptapauruSam // sapiNDIkaraNa-preta ko pUrvaja pitaroM ke sAtha milAne vAlA eka piNDa bAda isameM pretapiNDa kA tIna pitRpiNDoM ke sAtha mizrIkaraNa hotA hai kUrmapurANa (upavibhAga,

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sapta godAvara-sabhA adhyAya 22) meM sapiNDIkaraNa kA varNana isa prakAra tatrAdya caritAdhyAye zlokA azItiruttamAH / milatA hai| atha madhye caritra tu paJcASTakasUsaMkhyakAH / / sapiNDIkaraNaM proktaM pUrva saMvatsare punaH / trayo'dhyAyAzcatu saptacaturvedasvavedakAH / kuryAccatvAri pAtrANi pretAdInAM dvijottamAH / / athottaracaritra tu SaTpaDagnizlokabhAk // pretArthaM pitRpAtraSu pAtramAse caye tataH / agnIsomAdhyAyavatI gItA saptazatI smRtA / ye samAnA iti dvAbhyAM piNDAnapyevameva hi / / saptasAgara athavA saptasamudra vrata-caitra zukla pratipadA se isa sapiNDIkaraNazrAddhaM devapUrva vidhIyate / kA Arambha hotA hai| suprabhA, kAJcanAkSI, vizAlA pitRnAvAhayedayatra pRthak piNDAMzca niddizet / / mAnasodbhavA, meghanAdA, suveNu, tathA vimalodakA dhArAoM ye sapiNDIkRtAH pretA na teSAM syAt pRthaka kriyA / kA kramazaH sAta dinapayanta pUjana honA caahie| sAta yastu kuryAt pRthak piNDAn pitRhA so'pi jAyate / / sAgaroM ke nAmoM se dahI kA havana ho tathA brAhmaNoM ko sapta godAvara-godAvarI-samudra saMgama kA eka tIrtha / yaha dadhiyukta bhojana karAyA jaae| vratI svayaM rAtri ko Andhra deza ke samudra taTa para hai / mahAbhArata (3.85.44) ghRta mizrita cAvala khAe / eka varSaparyanta isa vrata kA meM isakA mAhAtmya vaNita hai / AcaraNa vihita hai| kisI pavitra sthAna para kisI bhI saptapadI-vivAha saMskAra kA anivArya aura mukhya angg| brAhmaNa ko sAta vastroM kA dAna karanA caahie| isa vrata isameM vara uttara dizA meM vadhU ko sAta mantroM dvArA sapta kA nAma sArasvata vrata bhI hai| pratIta hotA hai ki uparyukta maNDalikAoM meM sAta padoM taka sAtha le jAtA hai / vadhU bhI ginAe hue sAta nAma yA to sarasvatI nadI ke hai athavA dakSiNa pAda uThAkara punaH vAmapAda maNDalikAoM meM rakhatI usakI sahAyaka nadiyoM ke / ataeva isa vrata kA nAma hai| isake binA vivAha karma pakkA nahIM hotaa| 'sArasvata vrata' athavA 'saptasAgara vrata' / ucita hI pratIta agni kI cAra parikramAoM (pherA) se yaha kRtya alaga hai| hotA hai| isa sAta nadiyoM ke lie tathA sArasvata vrata kI saptarSi-mUla sAta RSiyoM kA samUha / inake nAma isa sArthakatA ke lie de0 viSNudharma0 3.164.1-7 prakAra hai-marIci, atri, aGgirA, pulastya, pulaha, Rtu aura vasiSTha / pratyeka manvantara meM saptarSi bhinna bhinna saptasundara vrata-isa vrata meM pArvatI kA sAta nAmoM se hote haiM / inakA vRttAnta 'RSi' zabda ke antargata dekhie| pUjana karanA caahie| ve nAma hai---kumudA, mAdhavI, gaurI saptarSi maNDala-saptarSi maNDala AkAza meM saba ke uttara bhavAnI, pArvatI, umA tathA ambikA / sAta dinaparyanta sAta dikhAI par3atA hai| brahmA ke dvArA viniyukta sAta RSi kanyAoM ko (jo lagabhaga ATha varSa kI avasthA kI hoM) isameM basate haiN| ye brahmA ke mAnasa putra haiN| brahmavAdiyoM bhojana karAnA caahie| pratidina sAta nAmoM meM se eka ke dvArA ye sAta brAhmaNa kahe jAte haiM / inakI patniyA~ haiM : nAma uccAraNa karate hue prArthanA kI jAya jaise 'kumudA marIci kI saMbhUti, atri kI anasUyA, pulaha kI kSamA, devi prasIda' / usI prakAra kramazaH anya nAmoM kA 6 dinoM pulasya kI prIti, Rtu kI sannati, aMgirA kI lajjA tathA taka prayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| sAtaveM dina samasta vaziSTa kI arundhatI, jo lokamAtA kahalAtI hai / trikAla / nAmoM kA uccAraNa karake pArvatI kA pUjanAdi karane ke sandhyA kI upAsanA karane vAle aura gAyatrI ke japa meM lie gandhAkSatAdi ke sAtha sAtha tAmbUla, sindUra tathA tatpara brahmavAdI brAhmaNa saptarSi loka meM nivAsa karate haiM / nAriyala arpita kiyA jAya / pUjana ke uparAnta pratyeka (de0 padmapurANa, svarga khaNDa, adhyAya 11) kanyA ko eka darpaNa pradAna kiyA jAya / isa vrata ke saptazatI-sAta sau zlokoM kA samUha devImAhAtmya / isako AcaraNa se saubhAgya aura saundarya kI upalabdhi hotI hai caNDIpATha bhI kahate haiM / argalAstotra meM kathana hai / tathA pApa kSINa hote haiN| argalaM kIlakaM cAdI paThitvA kavacaM tataH / sabhA-jahA~ sAtha sAtha loga zobhAyamAna hote hai vaha japet saptazatI caNDI krama eSa zivoditaH / / sthAna (saha yAnti zobhante yatreti ) / manu ne isakA nAgojI bhaTTa ke anusAra : lakSaNa (nyAya sabhA ke lie) isa prakAra diyA hai

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samaya yasmin deze niSIdanti viprA vedavidastrayaH / rAjJaH pratikRto vidvAnbrAhmaNAstAM sabhAM viduH // [ jisa sthAna meM tIna vedavid vipra rAjA ke prati nidhi vidvAn brAhmaNa baiThate hai usako sabhA kahA gayA hai ] sabhA kA hI paryAya pariSad haiM : isakI paribhASA isa prakAra hai : vidyo haitukastI nirukto dharmapAThakaH / trayazcAzramiNaH pUrve pariSat syAddazAvarA / / [ tIna vedapAraga, haituka (sadyuktivyavahArI), tarkazAstrI, nirukta jAnanevAlA dharmazAstrI, tathA tIna AzramiyoM ke pratinidhi-ina dasoM se milakara dazAvarA' pariSad banatI hai| ] kAtyAyana ne sabhA kA lakSaNa nimnAMkita prakAra se kriyA hai: kula-zIla-vayo-vRtta-vittavadbhiradhiSThitam / vaNigbhiH syAt katipayaiH kulavRddhairadhiSThitam // [ kula, zIla, vaya, vRtta tathA vittayukta sabhyoM evaM kulavRddha kucha vaNiga-janoM se adhiSThita sthAna ko sabhA kahate haiM / ] sabhA (rAjasabhA) meM nyAya kA vitaraNa hotA thA / ataH sabhA ke sadasyoM meM satya aura nyAya ke guNoM kI AvazyakatA para jora diyA jAtA thaa| samaya--(1) zapatha, AcAra, karAra athavA AcArasaMhitA / yathA : RSINAM samaye nityaM ye caranti yudhiSThira / nizcitAH sarvadharmajJAstAn devAn brAhmaNAn viduH / / (mahAbhArata, 13.90.50) dharmazAstra meM dharma athavA vidhi ke srotoM meM samaya kI gaNanA hai : 'dharmajJasamayaH pramANam / ' (2) AgamasiddhAntAnusAra devArAdhanA kA eka rUpa / 'samayAcAra' jaise tantroM meM isakA nirUpaNa huA hai| samAdhi-vaha sthiti, jisameM samyak prakAra se mana kA AdhAna (ThaharAva) hotA hai| samAdhi aSTAGgayoga kA antima aGga hai-yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyA- hAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi / yaha yoga kI carama sthiti hai / pAtaJjala yogadarzana meM samAdhi kA vizada nirUpaNa hai / cittavRtti kA nirodha hI yoga hai ataH samAdhi kI avasthA meM citta kI vRttiyoM kA pUrNa nirodha ho jAtA hai / ye cittavRttiyA~ haiM-pramANa, viparyaya, vikalpa, nidrA aura smRti / / cittavRtti kA nirodha vairAgya aura abhyAsa se hotA hai / nirodha kI avasthA ke bheda se samAdhi do prakAra kI hotI hai-saMprajJAta samAdhi aura asaMprajJAta samAdhi / saMprajJAta samAdhi kI sthiti meM citta kisI eka vastu para ekAgra rahatA hai / taba usakI vahI ekamAtra vRtti jAgRta rahatI hai; anya saba vRttiyA~ kSINa hokara usI meM lIna ho jAtI hai / isI vRtti meM dhyAna lagAne se usameM 'prajJA' kA udaya hotA hai / isI ko saMprajJAta samAdhi kahate haiM / isakA anya nAma 'sabIja samAdhi' bhI hai| isameM eka na eka Alambana banA rahatA hai aura isa Alambana kA bhAna bhI / isa avasthA meM citta ekAgra rahatA hai; yathArtha tattva ko prakAzita karatA hai; klezoM kA nAza karatA hai| karmajanya bandhanoM ko zithila karatA hai aura nirodha ke nikaTa pahu~cAtA hai| saMprajJAta samAdhi ke bhI cAra bheda haiM-(1) vitarkAnugata (2) vicArAnugata (3) AnandAnugata aura asmitAnugata / yadyapi saMprajJAta samAdhi meM prajJA kA udaya ho jAtA hai kintu isameM Alambana banA rahatA hai aura jJAna, jJAtA, jJeya kA bheda bhI lagA rahatA hai / asaMprajJAta samAdhi meM jJAna, jJAtA, jJeya kA bheda miTa jAtA hai / isameM tInoM bhAvanAyeM atyanta ekIbhUta ho jAtI haiM / parama vairAgya se sabhI vRttiyA~ pUrNataH niruddha ho jAtI haiM / Alambana kA abhAva ho jAtA hai| kevala saMskAramAtra zeSa raha jAtA hai / isako 'nirbIja samAdhi' bhI kahate haiM, kyoMki isameM kleza aura karmAzaya kA pUrNata: abhAva rahatA hai / asaMprajJAta samAdhi ke bhI do bheda haibhavapratyaya tathA upAya pratyaya / bhavapratyaya meM prajJA ke udaya hone para bhI pUrNajJAna kA udaya nahIM hotA; avidyA banI rahatI hai / isaliye usameM saMsAra kI ora pravRtta ho jAne kI AzaMkA rahatI hai| upAya pratyaya meM avidyA kA sampUrNa nAza ho jAtA hai aura citta jJAna meM samagra rUpa se pratiSThita ho jAtA hai; usake patana kA bhaya sadA ke liye samApta ho jAtA hai| purANoM meM bhI samAdhi kA vivecana hai| garuDapurANa (adhyAya 44) meM samAdhi kA nimnalikhita lakSaNa pAyA jAtA hai :. nityaM zuddhaM buddhiyuktaM satyamAnanda madvayam / turIyamakSaraM brahma ahamasmi paraM padam / /

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samAlambhana-sampUrNavrata ahaM brahmatyavasthAnaM samAdhiriti gIyate / / sAdhAraNa rAjA cakravartI samrATa ho jAtA hai / isake atide0 'yoga darzana' tathA 'aSTAGga yoga' / / rikta svAsthya, sampatti tathA svarga kI prApti hotI hai| samAlambhana-eka prakAra kI mAgalika lepana kriyaa| de0 vAyu0, 49.123 / kUrma0 1.45,4 / amarakoza meM kuGkumAdi vilepana ko samAlambhana kahA samudrasnAna-parva ke dinoM meM, jaise pUrNimA aura amAvasyA gayA hai / pazuvadha ko bhI samAlambhana kahA gayA hai : ko kintu bhaumavAra aura zukravAra ko chor3akara samudra meM 'vRthA pazusamAlambhaM naiva kuryAnna kArayet / ' snAna karanA cAhie / vratI ko cAhie ki vaha ukta dinoM mahAbhArata, 12.34.28 meM samudra tathA pIpala ke vRkSa kA pUjanAdi kare kintu [ vyartha meM pazuvadha na karanA cAhie aura na karAnA unakA sparza kadApi na kare / zanivAra ko pIpala kA cAhie / ] sparza kiyA jA sakatA hai / setubandha (rAmezvara) meM kabhI samAvartana-solaha saMskAroM meM eka / samyak prakAra se bhI snAna kiyA jA sakatA hai, vahA~ snAna kA kabhI niSedha (vidyAdhyayana karake AcArya gRha se apane gaha) lauTanA / nahIM hai| isakA dUsarA nAma hai snAna', kyoMki isameM snAna mukhya sampadgaurIvrata-mAgha zukla pratipadA (jaisA ki tamilapratIkAtmaka kriyA hai aura 'snAtaka' ucca zikSita ko nADu ke paJcAGgoM meM likhA huA hai) ko samasta vivAhita kahate haiM / yaha saMskAra Ajakala ke dIkSAnta samAroha ke nAriyoM tathA kanyAoM ko kumbha mAsa meM isa vrata kA samAna thaa| prAcIna kAla meM do prakAra ke brahmacArI hote Ayojana karanA caahie| the-upakurvANa aura naiSThika / prathama vaha thA jo apanI vidyA samAptakara gRhastha Azrama meM praveza karanA cAhatA sampuTa-samyak prakAra se puTita athavA bhAvita kiyA huaa| eka jAtIya ubhaya padArthoM ke madhya meM anya ko rakhane kI thA; dUsarA AjIvana gurukula meM rahakara vidyArthI jIvana vyatIta karanA cAhatA thaa| prathama ko AcArya kI AjJA vidhi sampuTa hai| tantrasAra ke anusAra 'sakAmaH sampuTo lekara samAvartana karanA Avazyaka hotA thA / vivAha ke jApyo niSkAmaH saMpuTaM binA / ' liye yaha praveza patra thaa| vidyA athavA jJAna kI upamA [kisI abhISTa siddhi ke lie japa karanA ho to sAgara se dI jAtI thii| usameM jo snAna kiye ho vaha sampuTa vidhi se karanA cAhie; yadi niSkAma japa karanA snAtaka thaa| snAtaka bhI tIna prakAra ke hote the-vidyA ho to binA sampuTa ke / ] snAtaka, vratasnAtaka aura ubhayasnAtaka / jo kevala vidyA sampUrNavata-yaha vrata pratyeka truTipUrNa tathA apUrNa vrata ko par3hakara gurukUla se ghara lauTa AtA thA use vidyAsnAtaka pUrNa karatA hai| vratakartA ko usa deva vizeSa kI suvarNa kahate the / jo vidyA kama par3hatA thA, kintu vrata (tapasyA athavA rajata pratimA banavAkara pUjA karanI cAhie jisakA aura zIla) kA pAlana pUrA karatA thA, vaha vratasnAtaka vrata athavA pUjA kisI kAraNa se apUrNa raha gaI ho / jisa kahalAtA thaa| jo pUrI vidyA bhI prApta karatA thA aura dina se zilpI pratimA kA nirmANa prArambha kare usI dina se vrata kA bhI pAlana karatA thA, vaha ubhayasnAtaka kahalAtA lagAtAra eka mAsaparyanta kisI brAhmaNa dvArA usa pratimA thaa| gRhyasUtroM aura paddhatiyoM meM samAvartana kA vistRta kA dugdha, dadhi, ghRta, tarala padArthI tathA zuddha jala se snAna varNana pAyA jAtA hai / de0 'saMskAra' / tathA gandhAkSata-puSpAdi se pUjana karAyA jAya / usI devatA samudravrata-caitra zukla pratipad se Arambha kara lagAtAra sAta kA nAmoccAraNa karate hue candana mizrita jala kA arghya dinaparyanta isa vrata kA Ayojana honA cAhie / isa diyA jAya tathA prArthanA kI jAya ki hamArA jo vrata avasara para samudrarUpI lavaNa, dRgdha, ghRta, takra, sugandhita khaNDita ho gayA thA vaha pUrNa ho tathA svAhA bolate hue jala, ganne ke rasa tathA madhura dadhi se nArAyaNa ka pUjana AhutiyA~ dI jAya / purohita ghoSaNA kare ki he yajamAna, karanA cAhie / ghRta se havana karanA caahie| isa kA tumhArA apUrNa vrata pUrNa ho cukA hai| purANa kahatA hai ki AcaraNa eka varSaparyanta honA caahie| varSa ke anta meM brAhmaNoM dvArA ghoSita vAta ko devagaNa apanI sahamati eka gau kA dAna vihita hai| isa vrata ke AcaraNa se tathA svIkRti pradAna karate haiM /

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sampradAya-sarasvatI sampradAya-guruparamparAgata athavA AcAryaparamparAgata saramA--devazunI ( devatAoM kI kutiyA ) kA nAma / vaidika saMghaTita sNsthaa| bharata ke anusAra ziSTaparamparA prApta purAkathA meM isakA kAma mArga nirdeza karanA hai / isake putroM upadeza hI sampradAya hai| isakA pracalita artha hai 'guru- ko sArameya kahA gayA hai| isakI vyutpatti hai 'ramayA paramparA se sadupadiSTa vyaktiyoM kA samUha / ' padmapurANa meM zobhayA saha vrtmaanaa|' vibhISaNa kI patnI rAkSasI kA vaiSNava sampradAyoM kI nAmAvalI dI huI hai : nAma bhI saramA hai / jo sItA kI sevikA thii| kazyapa kI sampradAyavihInA ye mantrAste niSphalA matAH / eka patnI kA nAma bhI saramA hai jisase bhramara Adi kI ataH kalau bhaviSyanti catvAraH sampradAyinaH / / utpatti huii| zrImadhva-rudra-sanakA vaiSNavAH kSitipAvanAH // sarayU---avadha pradeza kI eka nadI / isake kinAre ayodhyA zaktisaMgama tantra (prathama khaNDa, aSTama paTala) meM purI sthita hai jo sUryavaMzI rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thI aura sampradAyoM kI sUcI isa prakAra dI huI hai : jahA~ bhagavAn rAma kA janma huA thaa| isaliye vaiSNavavaikhAnaH sAmavedAdau zrI rAdhAvallabhI tathA / sampradAya meM isakA aura bhI mahattva hai| isake jala kA guNa rAjanighaNTa meM varNita hai : gokulezo mahezAni tathA vRndAvanI bhavet // pAJcarAtra: paJcama: syAt SaSThaH zrIvIravaiSNavaH / 'sarayU salilaM svAdu balapuSTipradAyakam / ' saravariyA-kAnyakubja brAhmaNoM kI eka upazAkhA / paJcarAmAnandI haviSyAzI nimbArkazca mahezvari / / gauDa brAhmaNoM-gauDa, sArasvata, kAnyakubja, maithila aura tato bhAgavato devi daza bhedAH prakIrtitAH / utkala meM koI svatantra zAkhA nahIM hai| 'saravariyA' zabda zikhI muNDI jaTI caiva dvitridaNDI krameNa ca / / 'sarayU pArINa' kA apabhraMza hai, jisakA artha hai 'sarayUekadaNDI mahezAni vIrazaMvastathaiva ca / nadI ke ( uttara ) pAra rahane vaalaa|' yaha zuddha bhaugolika sapta pAzupatAH proktAH dazadhA vaiSNavA matAH // nAma hai| madhya yuga meM varjanazIlatA aura saMkIrNatA ke sambhala-uttara pradezastha murAdAbAda jile meM viSNa kA kAraNa varNoM aura jAtiyoM kI choTI-choTI kSetrIya zAkhAe~ avatAra sthala / kaliyuga ke anta meM viSNuyaza brAhmaNa ke aura upazAkhAyeM bana gyiiN| unhIM meM se sarayUpArINa yahA~ isI sambhala meM bhagavAn kalki kA avatAra hogaa| ( saravariyA) bhI eka hai| isa samaya saravariyA kevala satyayuga meM isa sthAna kA nAma satyavrata thA, tretA meM sarayU-pAra meM sImita na raha kara deza ke kaI prAntoM meM mahagiri, dvApara meM piGgala aura kaliyuga meM sambhalapura phaile hae haiN| madhya pradeza ke chattIsagar3ha kSetra meM inakI hai| isameM 68 tIrtha aura 19 kUpa haiM / yahA~ eka ati bahuta bar3I saMkhyA hai jo apane ko 'chattIsagar3hI' vizAla aura prAcIna mandira hai| isake atirikta mukhya kahate haiN| tIna zivaliGga hai-pUrva meM candrezvara, uttara meM bhuvanezvara sarasvatI-(1) sarvaprathama Rgveda meM sarasvatI pavitra nadI tathA dakSiNa meM sambhalezvara / prativarSa kArtika zukla aura kramazaH nadI devatA aura vAgdevatA ke rUpa meM varNita caturthI aura paJcamI ko yahA~ melA lagatA hai aura yAtrI huI hai| sarasvatI mUlataH zutudri ( satalaja) ko eka isakI parikramA karate haiM / sahAyaka nadI thii| jaba zutudri apanA mArga badala kara sambhogavrata-do pratipadAoM tathA paMcamI tithiyoM ko vipAzA ( vyAsa ) meM mila gayI to sarasvatI usake purAne upavAsa kA vidhAna hai / vratI ko bhagavAna bhAskara meM peTe se bahatI rahI / yaha rAjasthAna ke samudra meM milatI apanA dhyAna kendrita karanA cAhie / sAtha hI vaha svapatnI thii| bar3I vegavatI nadI ke rUpa meM isakA varNana pAyA ke sAtha zayana karate hue bhI praNayakeli tathA anya vilA- jAtA hai, jisake kinAre rAjA loga aura jana basate the, sAdika kriyAoM kA eka dama parityAga kara de / isa vrata yajJa karate aura mantroM kA gAna karate the| sarasvatI ko ke AcaraNa se sahasroM varSoM ke tapa ke barAbara puNya prApta Ajakala ghagghara kahate hai| sarasvatI aura dRSadvatI ke hotA hai| de0 kRtyakalpataru 3.88; hemAdri, 2.394 / / bIca kA pradeza brahmAvarta kahalAtA thA jo vaidika jJAna evaM rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa evaM zAradA mAtA kA caritra / aura karmakANDa ke lie prasiddha thaa| sarasvatI devI ke

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sarasvatIpUjajanavidhi-sarvajayA 663 rUpa meM Rgveda meM kalpita kI gayI hai jo pavitratA, zuddhi, vivAhitA mahilAeM apanI saMgIta sambandhI pustakeM tathA samRddhi aura zakti pradAna karatI thI / usakA sambandha any| vINA sAtha-sAtha lAtI haiM tathA unakI sarasvatI ke samAna devatAoM-pUSA, indra, aura maruta se batalAyA gayA hai| hI pUjA karatI haiN| zilpI tathA dUsare kArIgara loga kaI sUktoM meM sarasvatI kA sambandha yajJIya devatA iDA aura navamI ke dina apane-apane aujAra tathA yaMtroM ko pUjate haiN| bhAratI se bhI jor3A gayA hai| pIche bhAratI sarasvatI se sarga-sRSTi, jagat kI racanA / purANoM kA prathama varNya viSaya abhinna mAna lI gyii| yahI hai / manu0 ne isI artha meM isakA prayoga kiyA hai : (2) pahale sarasvatI nadI devatA thii| parantu brAhmaNa hiMsAhise mRdukrUre dharmAdharmAvRtAnRte / kAla meM ( de0 zatapatha brAhmaNa, 3-9-1; aitareya brAhmaNa, yadyasya so'dadhAt sarge tattasya svayamAvizat / / 3.1 ) usakA vAk ( vAgdevatA ) se abheda mAna liyA (1.29) gyaa| paravartI kAla meM to vaha vidyA aura kalA kI zrImadbhAgavata (3,10.14-26) meM sarga kA vistata adhiSThAtrI devI ho gayI / purANAnusAra yaha brahmA kI putrI varNana pAyA jAtA hai| mAnI gayI hai| sarpaviSApahApaJcamI-zrAvaNa zukla paMcamI ko isa vrata kA sarasvatI kA dhyAna nimnAMkita padya se prAyaH kiyaa| anuSThAna hotA hai| vratI ko ghara ke daravAje ke donoM jAtA hai : ora gau ke gobara se sarpa kI AkRtiyA~ banAkara unakI yA kundendutuSArahAradhavalA yA zubhravastrAvRtA gehU~, dUdha, bhune hue dhAnya, dadhi,dUrvAMkuroM tathA puSpAdi se yA vINAvaradhAriNI bhagavatI yA zvetapadmAsanA / pUjA karanI caahie| isase sarpa jAti santuSTa rahatI hai yA brahmAcyutazaGkaraprabhRtibhirdevaiH sadA vanditA tathA pUjaka ko sAta pIr3hiyoM taka unakA bhaya nahIM rhtaa| sA mAM pAtu sarasvatI bhagavatI niHzeSajADyApahA // sarpasatra (nAgayajJa)-sau ko naSTa karane vAlA yajJa / jana sarasvatI kA vAhana haMsa hai, jo kSIra-nIra-viveka kA mejaya ne apane pitA parIkSit kI sarpadaMza se huI mRtyu kA pratIka hai| kahIM mayUra bhI sarasvatI kA vAhana batalAyA badalA lene ke lie sarpasatra kiyA thaa| bhAgavata, 12,6. gayA hai / brahmavaivarta purANa ke gaNeza khaNDa (40.61-67) 16-28 / meM sarasvatIpUjana kI vidhi vistAra ke sAtha varNita hai| sarvagandha-pUjanopayogI mukhya gandhadravya / sugandhita padArthoM sarasvatIpUjanavidhi-Azvina zukla ke mUla nakSatra meM kA bhinna bhinna rUpa se parigaNana kiyA gayA hai| isa sarasvatI kA AvAhana karanA caahie| pratidina sarasvatI sambandha meM hemAdri (1.44) meM varNana hai / kapUra, candana, kI ArAdhanA karate hue zravaNa nakSatra ko visarjana karanA kasturI tathA kesara samAna bhAgoM meM hone para sarvagandha cAhie (mUla nakSatra se cauthA nakSatra zravaNa hai)| sarasvatI kahalAtI haiN| kI cAra dina pUjA hotI hai, jo sAdhAraNataH saptamI se sarvajayA-striyoM dvArA kiyA jAnevAlA eka vrata / mArgazIrSa dazamI taka calatI hai| varSakRtyadIpikA ke anusAra ina se prArambha hokara bAraha mahInoM taka yaha vrata calatA hai| dinoM na to adhyayana karanA cAhie na adhyApana aura isameM sAmAnya vidhi se navagrahapUjana tathA praNava se aMgana lekhana / nyAsa karake nimnalikhita prakAra se dhyAna karanA cAhie : mAgha zukla paMcamI (vasantapaMcamI) ko Agamokta "zvetavarNa vRSArUDhaM vyAlayajJopavItinam / vidhi se mahAzakti sarasvatI kI vArSika pUjA ko vibhUtibhUSitAGgaJca vyAghracarmadharaM zubham / / jAtI hai| paJcavaktra dazabhujaM jaTilaM candracUDakam / sarasvatIsthApanA-Azvina zukla navamI ko pustakoM meM trinetraM pArvatIyuktaM pramathaizca samanvitam / / sarasvatI kI sthApanA karanI caahie| de0 varSa-kRtya prasannavadanaM devaM varadaM bhaktavatsalam / " dIpikA, 92-93 tathA 268-269 / tamilanADu meM isa prakAra dhyAna karake 'OM namaH zivAya hrIM durgAAbAla vRddha prakAzita tathA hastalikhita grantha ekatrita kara yai namaH' mantra se arghya dekara aura punaH dhyAnakara 'OM gaurIvizeSa prakAra ko sarasvatI pUjA karate haiM / bAlikAe~ tathA sahitaharAya namaH' isa mantra se pUjana karanA caahiye|

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sarvajJAtmamani-sasmotsava isake pazcAt pA~ca puSpAJjalidAna karake nimnalikhita bhAratIya darzanoM ko yahA~ do bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai| mantra se praNAma karanA cAhiye : Astika aura nAstika / Astika ke antargata nyAya, namaste pArvatInAtha namaste zazizekhara / vaizeSika, sAMkhya, yoga, pUrvamImAMsA aura uttaramImAMsA namaste pArvatIdevyai caNDikAyai namonamaH / / (vedAnta) haiM : nAstika ke antargata cArvAka, AIta, bauddha isa vrata kI kathA skandapurANa meM vistAra se dI huI hai Adi kI gaNanA hai / yaha grantha dArzanika dRSTi se samuccaaura isakI pUrI vidhi kRtyacandrikA meM / yavAdI hai| sarvajJAtmamani--prasiddha advaita vedAntAcArya sNnyaasii| inakA sarvamaGgalA--durgA kA eka paryAya / brahmavaivartapurANa meM isakI jIvana-kAla lagabhaga navIM zatI thA / zRMgerI ke ye maThAdhIza vyutpatti isa prakAra hai : the / inakA anya nAma nityavodhAcArya thA / advaitamata ko harSe sampadi kalyANe maGgalaM parikIrtanam / spaSTa karane ke lie inhoMne 'saMkSepa zArIraka' nAmaka grantha tAn dadAti ca yA devI sA eva sarvamaGgalA / / kA praNayana kiyaa| inhoMne apane guru kA nAma devezvarA- devIpurANa (adhyAya 45) meM sarvamaGgalA kI vyutpatti cArya likhA hai / prasiddha bhASyakAra madhusUdana sarasvatI aura nimnAGkita hai : rAmatIrtha ne devezvarAcArya ko surezvarAcArya se abhinna sarvANi hRdayasthAni maGgalAni zubhAni ca / batalAyA hai / parantu donoM ke kAla meM paryApta antara hone dadAti cepsitAni tena sA sarvamaGgalA // se aisA mAnanA kaThina hai| 'saMkSepazArIraka' meM zloka sarvamedha-eka prakAra kA yajJa / isameM yajamAna apanI sampUrNa aura vArtika donoM kA samAveza hai| 'zArIraka bhASya' ke sampatti yajJa aura dAna meM lagA detA thaa| samAna isameM bhI cAra adhyAya hai aura inake viSayoM kA savauM Sadhi-pUjA kI sAmagriyoM meM inakI gaNanA hai| isa krama bhI usI prakAra hai / inameM zloka-saMkhyA kramazaH 563, varga meM nimnAMkita oSadhiyA~ sammilita haiM : 248, 365 aura 53 haiM / sarvajJAtmamuni ne 'saMkSepa zArI- kuSThamAMsIharidrAbhirvacAzaileyacandanaH / raka' ko 'prakaraNavArtika' batalAyA hai| advaitasampradAya kI murAcandanakarpUraiH mustaH sarvauSadhiH smRtaH / / paramparA meM yaha grantha bahata prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai| isa sUcI meM dvitIya candanapada raktacandana ke liye prayukta isa para madhusUdana sarasvatI aura rAmatIrtha ne TIkAe~ likhI huA hai / sarvauSadhigaNa meM auSadhiyoM kI eka lambI sUcI jo bahuta prasiddha haiN| pAyI jAtI hai| de0 padmapurANa, uttarakhaNDa a0 107; sarvatobhadra-mAGgalika alaGkaraNa kI eka vatmika vidhaa| agnipurANa, 177.17; rAjanighaNTa / isake kendra meM mukhya deva aura pArvavargoM meM anya devoM kI sarSapasaptamI-yaha tithivrata hai / sUrya isake devatA haiM / sAta sthApanA hotI hai| amarakoza (2-2-10) ke anusAra saptamiyoM ko vratI sUryAbhimukha baiThakara apanI hathelI para mandira sthApatya kA yaha eka prakAra bhI hai| dvAra-ali- paJcagavya athavA anya koI vastu rakhate hue prati saptamI ndAdi bheda se samRddha logoM ke AvAsa kA eka prakAra rUpa ko kramazaH do se sAta taka sarasoM ke dAne rakhakara unakA sarvatobhadra kahA jAtA hai / isakA lakSaNa nimnAMkita hai : avalokana karatA rhe| avalokana ke samaya mana meM kisI svastikaM prAGmukhaM yat syAdalindAnugataM bhavet / vastu yA kArya kI kAmanA karate hae danta sparza kiye binA tatpAzrvAnugatau cAnyau tatparyantagato'paraH / / paJcagavya sahita sarasoM kA mantroccAraNa ke sAtha pAna aniSiddhAlindabhedaM caturiJca yadgRham / kara lenA cAhie / tanantara homa tathA japa kA vidhAna hai| tadbhavetsarvatobhadraM caturAlindazobhitam / / (bharata) isase putra, dhana kI prApti ke sAtha samasta icchAe~ pUrNa grahazAnti, upanayana, vrata-pratiSThA Adi meM pUjA kA hotI hai| eka raMgIna AdhAramaNDala sarvatobhadra nAma se banAyA jAtA sasyotsava-sasya ke pakane ke samaya kA utsava / mAsa ke hai / de0 zAradAtantra; tantrasAra / zakla pakSa meM kisI pavitra tithi, nakSatra tathA muhUrta ke sarvadarzana saMgraha-mAdhavAcArya dvArA praNIta prasiddha darzana samaya gAje-bAje ke sAtha khetoM kI ora jAnA cAhie grantha / isameM sabhI darzanoM kA sAra saMgrahIta kiyA gayA hai| tathA vahA~ agni prajvalita karake havana karanA caahie|

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sahadharmiNI-sAkSI tadanantara pake hue dhAnya ko vaidikamantroM kA uccAraNa [jisa garbhiNI kA vivAha-saMskAra hotA hai, cAhe usakA karate hue abhISTa devoM tathA pitaroM ko arpita karanA garbha jJAta ho athavA ajJAta, usase vivAha karane vAle kA caahie| vratI ko pake hue dhAnya ko dahI meM milAkara hI vaha garbha hotA hai / janma lene para garbhastha bAlaka usakA khA lenA caahie| taduparAnta utsava kA Ayojana honA sahoDha putra kahalAtA hai / ] caahie| sAMvatsara-varSa se sambandha rakhane vAlA / varSa (kAla) sahadharmiNI-vaidika vidhAna se byAhI haI ptnii| isakA sambandhI zAstra kA jo adhyayana karatA hai usako 'sAMvatsara' zAbdika artha hai 'sAtha dharmakArya karanevAlI / ' (jyotiSI athavA gaNaka) kahate haiM / bRhatsaMtA (3.10-11) sahamaraNa-pati ke marane para patnI dvArA usakI citA para meM isakI upayogitA ke bAre meM nimnalikhita kathana hai : sAtha jala jAnA / aGgirA ne sahamaraNa kA bar3A mAhAtmya muhUrta tithinakSatramRtavazcAyane tathA / batalAyA hai (aM0 smRti)| sarvANyevAkulAni syuna syAt sAMvatsaro yadi / / sahasradhArA-devatA ko snAna karAne ke lie sahasra chidra- tasmAdrAjJAbhigantavyo vidvAn saaNvtsro'grnnii| yukta pAtra se nikalI huI jaladhArAoM ko sahasradhArA kahate jayaM yazaH thiyaM bhogAn zreyazca samabhIpsatA / / haiM / durgotsavapaddhati meM isakA ullekha hai / [ yadi sAMvatsara (jyotiSI) na hove to muhUrta, nithi, mAndhAtA-mAhezvara tIrtha meM narmadA nadI kA nAma bhI nakSatra, Rtu tathA ayana sabhI vyAkula ho jAte haiN| isa. sahasradhArA hai| kathA hai ki sahasrArjuna kArtavIrya ne apanI lie jaya, yaza, zrI, bhoga aura zreya kI kAmanA karane sahasrabhujAoM se narmadA ke pravAha ko rokanA cAhA / narmadA vAle rAjA ko agraNI sAMvatsara ke pAsa jAnA caahie| usakI avahelanA kara sahasradhArAoM se phUTa nikliiN| isa- sAMvatsarika-pitaroM ke liye prativarSa kiyA jAtA zrAddha / lie vahA~ unakA nAma sahasradhArA par3A gayA / hemAdri kA kathana hai : sahasranayana (sahasranetra)-indra, jisake sahasranayana haiM / vAstava pUNe saMvatsare zrAddhaM SoDazaM parikIrtitam / meM indra rAjA kA pratIka hai aura netra usake mantriyoM kA / tenaiva ca sapiNDatvaM tenaivAbdikamiSyate / / indra ke eka sahasra mantrI the, ataH usako sahasranayana kahate sAkSI-(1) AtmA ko sAkSI kahA gayA hai| vaha prakRti haiM / parantu purANakathA meM vaha zarIrataH sahasranayana citrita ke dharAtala para ghaTita hone vAlI kriyAoM ko dekhatA hai, kiyA gayA hai| isa lie sAkSI kahalAtA hai| sahasra bhojanavidhi-eka sahasra brAhmaNoM ko bhojana karAne (2) dharmazAstra meM kisI vAda ke nirNaya karane meM cAra kI vidhi / vratI isakA Ayojana svagRha meM athavA kisI pramANa mAne gaye haiM, jinameM sAkSI kA sthAna tIsarA haimandira meM kre| pakvAnna se tathA pariSkRta navanIta se (1) likhita (2) yukti (3) sAkSI aura (4) divya / bhagavAn ke bAraha nAmoM kA uccAraNa karate hue (jaise sAkSI vaha hai jo apanI A~khoM se (akSaNA saha) vAdagrasta kezava, nArAyaNa Adi) havana karanA caahie| brahma bhoja tathyoM ko dekha cukA ho| sAkSI ke mithyAkathana athavA ke bAda bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI dAna-dakSiNA dI jAnI akathana meM bahuta doSa mAnA gayA hai| brahmavaivarta purANa caahie| (prakRtikhaNDa, 49 adhyAya) meM mithyA sAkSya ke nimnAMkita sahoDha-bAraha prakAra ke putroM meM se eka jo mAtA ke vivAha pariNAma batalAye gaye haiM : ke samaya garbha meM rahatA hai / vaha vivAha ke pazcAt janma lene mithyA sAkSyaM yo dadAti kAmAt krodhAt tathA bhayAt / para vivAha karane vAle pitA kA putra hotA hai| prAcIna sabhAyAM pAkSika vakti sa kRtaghna iti smRtaH / / kAla meM aisI vidhika mAnyatA thii| manusmRti (adhyAya 8) mithyA sAkSyaM pAkSikaM vA bhArate bakti yonRpa / meM sahoDha kI paribhASA isa prakAra do huI hai : yAvadindrasahasraJca sarpakuNDe vased dhruvam / / yA gamiNI saMskriyate jJAtAjJAtApi yA satI / santataM veSTitaiH sarbhItazca bhakSitastathA / bor3haH sa garbho bhavati sahoDha iti cocyate / / bhuGkte ca sarpaviNmUtraM yamadUtena tADitaH / /

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sAkSya-sAMkhya sAkSya-sAkSI ke karma ko sAkSya kahA gayA hai| sAkSya kI siddhi ke viSaya meM manu kA kathana hai : samakSadarzanAt sAkSyaM zravaNAccaiva sidhyati / yatrAniruddhI vIkSyeta zRNuyAdvApi kiJcana / pRSTastatrApi tabrUyAt yathAdRSTaM yathA zrutam / / sAMkhya--SaDdarzanoM meM se eka / isakI vyutpatti hotI hai 'samyak prakAra se khyAta, khyAti athavA vicAra' / jisa darzana meM prakRti aura puruSa ke bheda ke sambandha meM samyaka vicAra kiyA gayA ho usako sAMkhya kahate haiN| prakRti tathA puruSa ke isa pRthakkaraNa ko vivekakhyAti, vivekajJAna athavA prakRti-puruSaviveka bhI kahate haiM / eka mata yaha bhI hai ki mUla prakRti se abhivyakta pacIsa tattvoM kI isameM saMkhyA (gaNanA) kI gayI hai, ataH yaha darzana sAMkhya kahalAtA hai| parantu pahalI vyAkhyA adhika yuktisaMgata hai| sAMkhya jJAna ke artha meM prayukta hone lagA, isalie jJAnamArga ko sAMkhya kahate haiN| sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka kapila the jinakI gaNanA paurANikoM ne ar3atAlIsa avatAroM ke antargata kI hai| bhAga- vatapurANa meM kapila viSNu ke paJcama avatAra mAne gaye haiN| kapila ke sAkSAt ziSya Asuri aura Asuri ke paJcazikha the / paJcazikha ne sAMkhya ke Upara eka sUtra grantha kI racanA kI thii| isake bahuta bAda IzvarakRSNa ne IsApUrva dUsarI zatI meM 'sAMkhyakArikA' kI racanA kI jo sAMkhyadarzana para sabase adhika prAmANika grantha hai| isapara kaI TIkAyeM likhI gayI haiN| inameM mATharavRtti, gauDapAda bhASya, jayamaGgalA, candrikA, saralasAMkhyayoga, tattvakaumudI (vAcaspati mizra), yuktidIpikA, aura suvarNasaptati (cInI saMskaraNa) vizeSa prasiddha hai| isa sampradAya ke dUsare pramukha AcArya vijJAnabhikSu hue, jinakA kAla solahavIM zatI I0 thaa| inhoMne isa samaya upalabdha 'sAMkhyasUtra' kI racanA kI aura isa para 'sAMkhyapravacana bhASya' bhI likhA / IzvarakRSNa nirIzvara sAMkhya ke samarthaka the aura vijJAnabhikSu sezvara sAMkhya ke| sAMkhyapravacana bhASya meM sAMkhya aura vedAnta donoM kA samanvaya pAyA jAtA hai / sAMkhya ke anusAra tIna prakAra ke tattva hai-vyakta, avyakta aura jJa / 'jJa cetana hai / yahI puruSa hai| 'avyakta' ko mUla prakRti athavA pradhAna kahate haiN| yaha jar3a hai| 'vyakta' kAryakAraNa-paramparA se mala prakRti (avyakta) kA pariNAma hai| isake teIsa bheda haiN| sAMkhyadarzana meM ye hI pacIsa prameya athavA tattva haiN| inhIM tattvoM ke yathArtha jJAna se duHkha kI nivRtti hotI hai (vyaktAvyaktajJavijJAnAt) / viveka, jJAna athavA khyAti hI sAMkhya ke anusAra mokSa hai| sAMkhya sRSTi prakriyA meM Izvara kA astitva Avazyaka nahIM maantaa| usakA kathana hai ki Izvara kI sattA siddha nahIM kI jA sktii| isI kAraNa sAMkhya ko nirIzvara kahA jAtA hai| puruSa niSkriya, nirguNa aura nilipta hai / kintu anya do tatva avyakta aura vyakta (prakRti) triguNa, avivekI Adi dharmI se yukta haiN| ina tattvoM kA paraspara sambandha samajhane ke lie pariNAma aura kArya-kAraNa-bhAva ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai / pratyeka padArtha meM koI na koI dharma hotA hai| yaha dharma parivartanazIla hai / isakI parivartanazIlatA ko hI pariNAma kahate haiM / arthAt eka dharma ke badalane para usake sthAna meM dUsare dharma ke Ane ko pariNAma kahA jAtA hai / pariNAma vyakta aura avyakta donoM tattvoM meM nirantara hotA rahatA hai| saMsAra kA pratyeka padArtha sattva, raja aura tama tIna gaNoM se banA haA hai / guNa kA artha hai ghaTaka athavA rassI / jisa prakAra tIna dhAgoM ke baTane se rassI taiyAra hotI hai usI prakAra tInoM gaNoM ke nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM saMvalita hone para vibhinna padArtha nirmita hote haiN| sattva kA svarUpa prakAza athavA jJAna hai| raja kA guNa calana athavA kriyAzIlatA hai / tama kA guNa hai avarodha, bhArIpana AvaraNa Adi / inhIM tInoM guNoM kI sthiti ke kAraNa padArthoM meM pariNAma hote rahate haiN| pariNAma tIna prakAra ke hote haiM-(1) dharmapariNAma (2) lakSaNapariNAma aura (3) avasthApariNAma / mUla prakRti (avyakta) jaba sAmyAvasthA meM rahatI hai, arthAt jaba tInoM guNa saMtulita avasthA meM hote haiM taba prakRti meM pariNAma athavA parivartana nahIM hotaa| jaba inakA saMtulana bhaMga hotA hai taba pariNAma arthAt kArya hone lagatA hai / avyakta aura vyakta prakRti meM kAraNa-kArya sambandha hai / aba prazna yaha hai ki kAraNa-kArya sambandha kA artha kyA hai / nyAya ke anusAra kArya kAraNa se bhinna hai| aura kAraNa meM kArya kA abhAva hai| kArya eka vizeSa kAraNa IzvarecchA se utpanna hotA hai| parantu sAMkhya ke anusAra kArya kAraNa se bhinna na hokara usameM vartamAna rahatA hai| kAraNa se kArya kI utpatti kA artha hai kAraNa

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sAravata meM avyakta rUpa se vartamAna kArya kA vyakta honA / isI siddhAnta ko sarakAryavAda' kahate haiN| tInoM guNoM kI sAmyAvasthA prakRti haiN| isameM rajoguNa kriyAzIla hai kintu tamoguNa kI sthiti ke kAraNa avaruddha rahatA hai| pUrvajanma ke karmoM ke phalasvarUpa adRSTa jIvoM ke sAtha lagA rahatA hai| jaba vaha pAkonmukha hotA hai arthAt vaha jIva ko saMsAra meM sukha-duHkha dene ke lie unmukha hotA hai taba tamoguNa kA prabhAva haTa jAtA hai aura prakRti meM rajoguNa ke kAraNa kSobha athavA cAJcalya utpanna hotA hai / taba prakRti meM vikRti athavA pariNAma utpanna hote haiN| aura sRSTi prakriyA prArambha ho jAtI hai| prakRti ke sAttvika aMza se pahale mahat-tatva arthAt buddhintasva kI abhivyakti hotI hai| isase ahaMkAra ahaMkAra se gyAraha indriyA~ - pA~ca jJAnendriya, pA~ca karmendriya aura mana; indriyoM se tanmAtrAyeM - zabda, sparza, rUpa, rasa aura gandha; aura tanmAtrAoM se paJcabhUtoM kI abhivyakti hotI hai / sAMkhyadarzana prakRti aura puruSa ke svarUpa aura sambandha kA sUkSma vivecana karatA hai| mUla prakRti avyakta athavA apratyakSa hai / parantu isakA astitva siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai / puruSa aparokSa hai| buddhi ke dvArA bhI yaha pratyakSa nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha triguNAtIta aura nirlipta hai / isameM koI liGga nahIM hai, ataH anumAna ke dvArA bhI isakI siddhi nahIM ho sakatI / isake astittva kA eka mAtra pramANa hai zabda athavA Agama / puruSa athavA jJa ahetumAn, sarvavyApI aura niSkriya hai / puruSa eka hai / parantu kaI TIkAkAroM ke mata meM sAMkhya puruSabahutya ke siddhAnta ko mAnatA hai| vAstava meM baddhapuruSa meM anekasva hai, jaise anya darzanoM ke anusAra jIvAtmA meM / sAMkhya meM puruSa kI tIna sthitiyA~ haiM--baddha, mukta aura jJa / puruSa hI mukta hone kI ceSTA karatA hai / baddha prakRti aura puruSa ke sambandha, bandhana aura kaivalya para bhI sAMkhyadarzana meM sUkSma vicAra kiyA gayA hai| jaisA ki pahale kahA gayA hai, puruSa svabhAvataH nilisa, triguNAtIta niSkriya aura nitya hai| avidyA bhI nitya hai ( ina donoM kA samparka anAdi kAla se calA A rahA hai / prakRti jar3a aura nitya hai / puruSa kA bimba jaba prakRti para par3atA hai taba buddhi utpanna hotI hai aura prakRti apane ko cetana samajhane lagatI hai| isI prakAra buddhi ( prakRti ) kA pratibimba puruSa para bhI par3atA hai| isake kAraNa nirlipta, triguNAtIta niSkriya puruSa apane ko Asaka karttA, bhoktA Adi samajhane lagatA hai / puruSa aura prakRti ke isI kalpita aura Aropita sambandha ko bandhana kahate haiN| isa kalpita sambandha ko dUra kara apane svarUpa ko prakRti se pRthak karake pahacAnanA hI viveka-buddhi, kaivalya athavA mukti hai / isI sthiti ko prApta kara puruSa apane ko nirlipta aura nissaMga samajhane lagatA hai| jJAna ke atirikta dharma aura adharma Adi buddhi ke sAta bhAvoM kA prabhAva jaba lupta ho jAtA hai taba sRSTi kA koI prayojana nahIM rahatA sRSTi kA uddezya ( puruSa kI mukti yA kaivalya ) pUrNa ho jAne para prakRti sRSTi kArya se virata ho jAtI hai aura puruSa kevalya ko prApta ho jAtA hai| kaivalya ke pazcAt bhI prArabdha karmoM aura pUrva janmoM ke saMskAroM ke bane rahane ke kAraNa tatkAla zarIra kA vinAza nahIM hotA / sAdhaka jIvanmukti kI avasthA meM rahatA hai bhoga kI pUrti hone para jaba zarIra kA patana hotA hai taba videha kaivalya kI upalabdhiyA~ hotI haiM / 667 sAMkhyadarzana ke anusAra jIvana kA paramapuruSArtha hai tIna prakAra ke duHkhoM - Adhibhautika, Adhidaivika tathA AdhyAtmika se atyanta nivRtti satya kA bodha hI isakA carama sAdhana aura atyanta lokahita hI satya hai / sAtvata - vAsudeva ke bhakta athavA satvata ke vaMzaja yAdava | hemacandra ne isako baladeva kA paryAya mAnA hai / mahAbhArata ( 1. 219-12 ) meM isako kRSNa kA paryAya kahA gayA hai| mahAbhArata (1.222.3 ) meM sampUrNa yAdavoM ke lie isakA prayoga huA hai| yaha viSNu kA bhI paryAya hai ( sacchabdena sattvamUrtibhagavAn / sa upAsyatayA vidyate'sya iti / matup / tataH svArthe aN / ) padmapurANa ke uttara khaNDa (adhyAya 99 ) meM sAtvata kA artha hai viSNu kA bhakta | isakA lakSaNa nimnAMkita hai : sattvaM sattvAzrayaM sattvaguNaM sevet kezavam | yojanamyatvena manasA sAtvataH samudAhRtaH // vihAya kAmyakarmAdIn bhajedekAkinaM harim / satyaM satvaguNopeto bhaktyA taM sAtya viduH //

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668 sAttvika-sAdhana kUrmapurANa (pUrvabhAga, yaduvaMzAnukIrtana, 24. 31-36 ) meM yaduvaMzI satvata rAjA ke putroM kA nAma sAtvata hai| manusmRti meM saMkarajAtivizeSa kA nAma sAtvata AyA hai / aisA lagatA hai ki bhAgavata sAtvatoM meM paramparAvirodhI pravRttiyA~ adhika bar3ha gayI thIM, jinake kAraNa manu ne unako saMkara jAtiyoM meM parigaNita kiyaa| sAttvika-sAMkhya darzana ke anusAra prakRti meM tIna guNa hote hai-sattva, raja aura tama / sattva kI vizeSatA hai prakAza zaura jJAna / inase utpanna yA sambaddha bhAva sAttvika kahalAtA hai| sarvadAnanda ne isakI paribhASA nimnAMkita prakAra se kI hai : 'sattvotkaTe manasi ye prabhavanti bhAvA ste sAttvikA iti vidurmuni puGgavAste / ' (manodazAsUcaka ) sAttvika bhAvoM kI parigaNanA isa prakAra hai : svedaH stambho'tha romAJcaH svarabhaGgo'tha vepathuH / vaivarNamathupralaya ityaSTau sAttvikA matAH / / bhagavadgItA ( adhyAya 17-18 ) meM sAttvika jIvana kA vivaraNa vistAra se diyA huA hai| sAdhaka-dhArmika athavA dArzanika upalabdhiyoM ke lie jo prayAsa karate haiM aura apane iSTa kA sampAdana karate haiM, ve sAdhaka kahalAte haiN| devIpurANa ke nandAmAhAtmya meM sAdhaka kA nimnAMkita lakSaNa diyA huA hai : ataH paraM pravakSyAmi sAdhakAnAM tu lakSaNam / dharmazIlAstapoyuktAH satyavAdijitendriyAH / / mAtsaryeNa parityaktAH sarvasattvahite ratAH / karmazIlAstathotsAhA martyaloke'jugupsakAH // parasparasusantuSTAnukUlAH sAdhakasya tu / idRzaiH sAdhanaM kuryAt susahAyaiH sahaiva tu // zivasaMhitA meM aura vistAra se sAdhaka varNana pAyA jAtA hai : (1) caturdhA sAdhako jJeyo mRdumadhyAdhimAtrakaH / adhimAyatamaH zreSTho bhavAbdhau laGghanakSamaH / / mahAvIryAnvitotsAhI manojJaH zauryavAnapi / zAstrajJo'bhyAsazIlazca nirmamazca nirAkUlaH / / navayauvanasampanno mitAhArI jitendriyaH / nirbhayazca zucirdakSo dAtA sarvajanAzrayaH / / adhikArI sthiro dhImAna yathecchAvasthitaH kssmii| suzIlo dharmacArI ca guptaceSTaH priyaMvadaH / / zAstravizvAsasampano devatAgurupUjakaH / anasaGgaviraktazca mahAvyAdhivivarjitaH / / aNimAvatayogyazca sarvayogasya sAdhakaH / tribhiHsaMvatsaraH siddhiretasya syAnna saMzayaH / / sarvayogAdhikArI ca nAva kAryA vicAraNA / / sAdhana-yogadarzana ke sAdhana pAda meM yoga ke ATha aGga athavA sAdhana batalAye gaye haiM yama, niyama, Asana, prANAyAma, pratyAhAra, dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi / 1. yama-mAnasika, vAcika aura kAyika saMyama ko yama kahate haiM / isameM nimnAkita sammilita haiN| (ka) ahiMsA-sarvadA tathA sarvathA jIvamAtra ko duHkha na phuNcaanaa| (kha) satya-mana aura vacana meM yathArthatA / jimako jaisA dekhA, sunA aura jAnA ho, usako vaisA hI kahanA / (ga) asteya-dUsare kA sattvApaharaNa na karanA aura na usakI kAmanA hI karanA / (gha) brahmacarya-brahma kA AcaraNa / indriyoM meM lolupatA kA abhAva / vizeSakara jananendriyoM kA saMyama / (Ga) aparigraha-anAvazyaka saMgraha na karanA, dAna Adi na lenaa| 2. niyama-(ka) zauca-mana, vacana aura zarIra kI pavitratA (kha) santoSa (ga) tapa (gha) svAdhyAya (Ga) Izvara praNidhAna / 3. Asana-jisa prakAra baiThane se citta ko sthiratA aura sukha mile use Asana kahate haiM / yathA (ka) sukhAsana (kha) padmAsana (ga) bhadrAsana (gha) vIrAsana / 4. prANAyAma-(ka) recaka (kha) kumbhaka (ga) pUraka / 5. pratyAhAra-indriyoM ko unake viSayoM se haTAkara unako antarmukhI krnaa| 6. dhAraNA-citta ko kisI eka sthAna meM sthira karane kA nAma dhAraNA hai / 7. dhyAna-jaba kisI eka sthAna meM dhyeya vastu kA jJAna derataka eka pravAha meM saMlagna hotA hai taba use dhyAna kahate haiN| 8. samAdhi-jaba dhyAna dhyeya ke AkAra meM bhAsita hotA hai aura apanA svarUpa chor3a detA hai to usa paristhiti ko samAdhi kahate haiN| isameM dhyAna aura dhyAna kA dhyeya meM laya ho jAtA hai|

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sAdhu-sAma 669 anya darzanoM meM bhI sAdhana-krama pAyA jAtA hai| mano mantA tathA prANo naro'pAnazca vIryavAn / pratyeka sAdhana ke lie sAdhana kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| vinirbhayo nayazcaiva daMso nArAyaNo vRSaH / vedAnta meM mukti sAdhana se upalabdha na hokara anubhUti kA prabhuzceti samAkhyAtA sAdhyA dvAdaza paurvikAH / / viSaya hai| kintu anubhUti ke lie jijJAsA aura jJAna sAnandUra-eka zreSTha tIrtha ( karnATaka meM ) / vArAha purANa Avazyaka hai| jijJAsA aura jJAna ke lie kAmya aura ke sAnandUra mAhAtmya meM isakA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| niSiddha karmoM kA parityAga karanA cAhie / nitya evaM eka bAra pRthvI ne viSNu se pUchA ki kyA dvArakA se bhI koI naimittika karma, prAyazcitta, upAsanA Adi cittazuddhi ke anya tIrtha uttama hai ? isake uttara meM bhagavAn viSNu ne lie karanA Avazyaka hai / viveka, vairAgya, zama, dama, kahA : uparati, titIkSA, mumukSA, zraddhA, samAdhAna ( samAdhi ) sAnandureti vikhyAtaM bhUme ! guhyaM paraM mama / Adi vedAnta meM bhI jijJAsu ke liye Avazyaka sAdhana uttare tu samudrasya malayasya ca dakSiNe / mAne gaye haiN| tatra tiSThAmi vasudhe udIcIdirzimAzritaH / / sAdhu-dharma Adi kAryoM kA sampAdana karane vAlA pratimA va madIyAsti nAtyuccA nAtinIcakA / ( sAdhayatidharmAdikAryamiti ) athavA jo dUsaroM ke atyasI tAM vadantyeke anye tAmramayI tathA / kAryoM ko siddha karatA hai ( sAdhnoti para kAryANIti ) kAMsyI rItimayImanye kecit sIsakanirmitAm / padmapurANa (uttarakhaNDa, adhyAya 99) meM sAdhu ke nimnAM zilAmayImityapare mahadAzcaryarUpiNIm / / kita lakSaNa batAye gaye haiM : tatra sthAnAni me bhUme ! kathyamAnaM mayA zRNu / yathAlabdhe'pi santuSTaH samacitto jitendriyaH / manujA yatra mucyante gatAH saMsArasAgaram / / haripAdAzrayo loke vipraH sAdhuranindakaH / / 1 / / sAndIpani-kRSNa aura balarAma ke zikSAguru eka muni / nivairaH sadayaH zAnto dambhAhaMkAravajitaH / sandIpana ke vaMza meM ye utpanna hue the, ataH inakA nirate kSo munirvItarAgaH sAdhurihocyate // 2 nAma sAndIpani par3A / brahmavaivartapurANa ( zrI kRSNa janma lobhamohamadakrodhakAmAdirahitaH sukhii|| khaNDa, adhyAya 99 30 ) meM inakA varNana milatA hai : kRSNAjrizaraNaH sAdhuH sahiSNuH samadarzanaH / / 3 viditAkhilavijJAnau tattvajJAnamathAvapi / garuDapurANa meM sAdhu kA dUsarA lakSaNa milatA hai : ziSyAcAryakramaM vIrau khyAtayantau yaduttamau / / na prahRSyati sammAne nAvamAne ca kupyati / tataH sAndIpani kAzyamavantipuravAsinam / na kruddhaH paruSaM brUyAdetat sAdhostu lakSaNam // 113.42 astrArtha jagmatuvIrau baladevajanArdanau / / agnipurANa (dAnAvasthAnirNayAdhyAya) meM sAdhu ke svabhAva viSNupurANa (5,21.18-30 ) ke anusAra kRSNa aura kA varNana isa prakAra hai : aura balarAma donoM bhAiyoM ne sAndIpani se astra-vidyA tyaktAtmasukhabhogecchAH sarvasattvasukhaiSiNaH / par3hI aura guru dakSiNA meM ve unake mRtaputra ko paJcajana bhavanti paraduHkhena sAdhavo nityaduHkhitAH / / nAmaka rAkSasa ko mAra kara vApasa lAye / bhAgavatapurANa ke paraduHkhAturA nityaM svasukhAni mahAntyapi / anusAra kRSNa-balarAma ke sAtha sudAmA bhI sAndIpani ke nApekSante mahAtmAnaH sarvabhUtahite ratAH / / ziSya the aura ina tInoM meM bar3A sauhArda thaa| sudAmA kI isa prakAra ke satya-nyAyaparAyaNa vyavahArI vaizya bhI kathA prasiddha hai| 'sAdha' kahe jAte the, jinako vizvAsapAtra samajhakara loga sAma-cAra vedoM meM se tRtIya / bharata ke anusAra isako dhana-sampatti kA lena-dena karate the / sAma isalie kahate haiM ki yaha pApa ko chinna karatA rahatA sAdhya-sAmUhika devgnn| bharata ke anusAra inakI hai ( syati pApaM nAma ) / jaimini ne isakA lakSaNa batasaMkhyA bAraha hai (sAdhyA dvAdaza vikhyAtA rudrAzcaikAdaza lAyA hai : 'gItiSu sAmAkhyA iti' / tithyAditattva meM smRtaaH)| agnipurANa ke gaNabhedanAmAdhyAya meM inake nAma kahA gayA hai : "gIyamAneSu manzreSu sAmasaMjJetyarthaH" / de0 isa prakAra pAye jAte haiM : 'veda' zabda /

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sAmaga-sAvaNi sAmaga-sAmaveda kA gAnakartA brAhmaNa / mahAbhArata (13. 149. 75 ) meM viSNu ko bhA sAmaga kahA gayA hai ) bhAgavata ( 1.4.21 ) sAmavedajJa kI hI saMjJA sAmaga hai : tatravedadharaH pailaH sAmago jaiminiH kaviH / vaizampAyana evaMko niSNAto yajuSAmuta / / sAyujya-isakA zAbdika artha hai sahayoga, sahamilana athavA ekatva ( sayujo sahayogasya bhAvaH ) / pA~ca prakAra kI muktiyoM ke antargata eka mukti kA nAma sAyujya hai : sAravA-yaha zAradA ( sarasvatI ) kA hI eka paryAya hai| isakI vyutpatti hai : 'sAraM dadAtIti' arthAt jo 'sAra' (jJAna, vidyAdi ) detI hai| 'tithyAditattva' ke anusAra yaha vyutpatti kAlpanika hai| sAranAtha-kAzI ke sAta mIla pUrvottara meM sthita bauddhoM kA pradhAna tIrtha / jJAna prApti ke pazcAt buddha ne apanA prathama upadeza yahIM kiyA thA aura yahIM se unhoMne 'dharma cakra pravartana' prArambha kiyA / yahA~ para sAraGganAtha mahAdeva kA mandira bhI hai jahA~ zrAvaNa ke mahIne meM hinduoM kA melA lagatA hai| yaha jaina tIrtha bhI hai / jaina granthoM meM ise siMhapura kahA gayA hai / sAranAtha kI darzanIya vastue~ azoka kA caturmukha siMhastambha, bhagavAn buddha kA mandira, dhAmekha stUpa, caukhaNDI stUpa, rAjakIya saMgrahAlaya, jainamandira, cInI mandira, mUlagaMdhakuTI aura navIna vihAra hai| muhammadagorI ne ise naSTa-bhraSTa kara diyA thA / san 1905 meM purAtattva vibhAga ne yahA~ khudAI kA kAma prArambha kiyA / taba bauddha dharma ke anuyAyiyoM aura itihAsa ke vidvAnoM kA dhyA idhara gyaa| aba sAranAtha barAbara vRddhi ko prApta ho rahA hai| sArasvata-sarasvatI (devatA yA nadI) se sambandha rakhane se sambandha rakhane- vaalaa| sArasvata pradeza hastinApura ke pazcimottara meM sthita hai / isa deza ke nivAsI brAhmaNa bhI sArasvata kahe jAte hai jo paJcagauDa brAhmaNoM kI eka zAkhA hai-gauDa, sArasvata, kAnyakubja, maithila aura utkala / eka kalpa vizeSa kA nAma bhI sArasvata hai| sArasvatakalpa-sarasvatI-pUjA kA eka vidhAna / vizvAsa hai ki isake anuSThAna se apUrva vidyA aura jJAna kI upalabdhi hotI hai / 'svAyambhuva-mAtRkA-tantra' ke sArasvata paTala meM isakA vistAra se varNana pAyA jAtA hai : mantroddhAraM pravakSyAmi sAGgAvaraNapUjanaH / anantaM bindunA yuktaM vAmagaNDAntabhUSitam / / japet dvAdazalakSaMtu mUko'pi vAkpatirbhavet / nAbhau zubhAravindaJca dhyAyeddazadalaM sudhI / / tanmadhye bhAvayenmantro maNDalAnAM trayaM ciram / ratnasiMhAsanaM tatra varNajyotsnAmayaM punaH // tasyopari punAyeddevIM vAgIzvarI tataH / muktAM kAntimimAM devI jyotsnAjAlavikAzinIm / / muktAhArayutAM zubhrAM zazikhaNDavimaNDitAm / bibhratI dakSahastAbhyAM vyAkhyAM varNasya mAlikAm / / amRtena tathA pUrNa ghaTaM divyaJca pustakam / dadhatIM vAmahastAbhyAM pInastanabharAnvitAm / / madhye kSINAM tathA svacchAM nAnAratnavibhUSitAm / AtmAbhedena dhyAtvayaM tataH saMpUjayet kramAt / / matsyapurANa (66.1-24) meM bhI vistAra se sArasvatakalpa kA varNana milatA hai| sArasvatavrata-yaha saMvatsara vrata hai jisakA matsyapurANa (66.3-18) meM ullekha hai| isa vrata ke anusAra vratI ko apane abhISTa devatA kI tithi ke dina athavA paMcamI, ravivAra yA saptAha ke kisI bhI punIta dina donoM sandhyA kAloM ke samaya tathA bhojana ke avasara para mauna dhAraNa karanA caahie| bhagavatI sarasvatI devI kA pUjana karake sadhavA nAriyoM ko sammAnita karanA cAhie / lagabhaga aise ho zloka padma-purANa (5.22.178-194) tathA bhaviSyottara-purANa (35.3-19) meM upalabdha haiM / sAvarNa-caudaha manuoM meM se dvitiiy| sAvarNa kI vyutpatti hai : savarNAyAH chAyAyAH apatyaM pumAn / devIbhAgavata meM kathana hai : chAyAsaMjJAsuto yo'sau dvitIyaH kathito manuH / pUrvajasya savarNo'sau sAvarNastena kathyate / / harivaMza (9.19) ke anusaar| pUrvajasya manostAta sadRzo'yamiti prabhuH / manurevAbhavannAmnA sAvarNa iti cocyate / / sAvaNi-bhAgavata purANa (8.13.8-17) ke anusAra sAvaNi aSTama manu tathA sUrya ke putra the : vivasvatazca dve jAye vizvakarmasute ubhe / saMjJA chAyA ca rAjendra ye prAgabhihite tathA /

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sAvitrI-siMhastha guru 671 tRtIyAM vaDavAmeke tAsAM saMjJA sutAstrayaH / dvArA yaha vrata kiyA jAtA hai / parAzara ke anusArayamo yamI zrAddhadevazchAyAyAzca sutAn zRNu / / meSe vA vRSabhe vA'pi sAvitrI tAM viniddizet / sAvaNistapatI kanyA bhAryA saMvaraNasya yA / jeSThakRSNa caturdazyAM sAvitrImarcayanti yAH / zanaizcarastRtIyo'bhUdazvinau vaDavAtmajau / / vaTamUle sopavAsA na tA vaidhavyamApnuyuH / / aSTame'ntare AyAte sAvaNirbhavitA manuH / sAvitrIsUtra-upanayana saMskAra ke avasara para jo sUtra nirmo kavirajaskAdyA sANitanayA nRpa / / dhAraNa kiyA jAtA hai usakA nAma sAvitrIsUtra hai| sAvitrI-(1) savitA (sUrya) kI upAsanA jisa vaidika kAraNa yaha hai ki vaTu sAvitrI dIkSA ke samaya isako mantra 'gAyatro' se kI jAtI hai usakA nAma sAvitrI hai| grahaNa karatA hai / de0 'yajJopavIta' / pratIka aura rahasya ke vikAsa se sAvitrI kI kalpanA kA siMhavAhinI-durgA devI / devIpurANa (adhyAya 45) ke bahuta vistAra huA hai| anusAra(2) medinI ke anusAra yaha umA kA eka paryAya hai / siMhamAruhya kalpAnte nihato mahiSo yataH / devIpurANa (adhyAya 44) ke anusAra isake nAmakaraNa kA mahiSaghnI tato devI kathyate siMhavAhinI / / kAraNa isa prakAra hai : tridazairaJcitA devI vedayAgeSu pUjitA / siMhastha guru-jisa samaya bRhaspati graha siMha rAzi para AtA hai usa samaya vivAha, yajJopavIta, gRha-praveza (prathama bhAvazuddhasvarUpA tu sAvitrI tena sA smRtA // bAra ), deva pratiSThA tathA sthApanA tathA isI prakAra ke agni purANa (brAhmaNa prazaMsAnAmAdhyAya) meM unake nAma anya mAMgalika kArya niSiddha rahate haiM / de0 'malamAsa tattva' karaNa kA kAraNa nimnAMkita hai : 1082. / aisA bhI vizvAsa kiyA jAtA hai ki jaba sarvalokaprasavanAt savitA sa tu kIrtyate / bRhaspati siMha rAzi para A jAtA hai usa samaya samasta yatastaddevatA devI sAvitrItyucyate tataH / tIrtha godAvarI nadI meM jAkara mila jAte haiN| isalie vedaprasavanAccApi sAvitrI procyate budhaiH / / zraddhAlu vyakti ko usa samaya godAvarI meM snAna karanA matsyapurANa (3.30-32) ke anusAra sAvitrI brahmA caahie| isa viSaya meM zAstrakAroM ke bhinna-bhinna mata haiM kI patnI kahI gayI haiM : ki siMhastha guru ke samaya vivAha-upanayanAdi kA Ayojana tataH saMjapatastasya bhittvA dehamakalmaSam / ho yA na ho| kucha kA mata hai ki vivAhAdi mAGgalika strIrUpamarddhamakarodaI puruSarUpavat / / kArya tabhI vajita hai jaba bRhaspati maghA nakSatra para avazatarUpA ca sA khyAtA sAvitrI ca nigarAte / sthita ho ( yathA siMha ke prathama 13 / / aNsh)| anya sarasvatyatha gAyatrI brahmANI ca parantapa / / zAstrakAroM kA kathana hai ki gaMgA tathA godAvarI ke madhya(3) sAvitrI kA eka aitihAsika caritra bhI hai| vartI pradezoM meM usa kAla taka vivAha tathA upanayanAdi mahAbhArata ( vanaparva, adhyAya 292) ke anusAra vaha niSiddha haiM jaba taka bRhaspati siMha rAzi para vidyamAna ho, kekaya ke rAjA azvapati kI kanyA aura sAlvadeza ke kintu anya dhArmika kAryoM kA Ayojana ho sakatA hai| rAjA satyavAn kI patnI thii| apane alpAyu pati kA kevala vaha usa samaya nahIM ho sakatA jaba bRhaspati maghA jaba eka bAra varaNa kara liyA to AgrahapUrvaka usI se nakSatra para avasthita hoN| anya zAstrakAroM kA kathana hai vivAha kiyaa| kisa prakAra apane mRta pati ko vaha ki yadi sUrya usa samaya meSa rAzi para vidyamAna ho to yamarAja ke pAzoM se vApasa lAne tathA apane pitA ko siMhastha garu hone para bhI dhArmika kAryoM ke lie koI sau putra dilAne meM saphala huI, yaha kathA bhAratIya sAhitya niSedha nahIM hai| ina saba vivAdoM ke samAdhAnArtha de0 meM atyadhika pracalita hai / sAvitrI pAtivrata kA uccatama smRtiko0, pR0 557-559 / yaha to loka-prasiddha pratIka hai| vizvAsa hai hI ki samudra maMthana ke pazcAt nikalA haA sAvitrIvrata-jyeSTha kRSNa caturdazI amAvasyA ko striyoM

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672 sitA saptamI-siddhivinAyakavrata ujjaina aura sabake bAda nAsika (vyambakezvara ) meM chaH phaloM se pUjana tathA anya kRtya kiye jaayeN| isake godAvarItaTa para rakhA gayA thaa| isake anusAra nAsika- atirikta japa, homa tathA sUrya ke sammukha leTakara gAyatrIpaJcavaTI meM godAvarItaTa para siMhasthasnAna yA kumbha kA maMtra kA japa karanA caahie| sUrya pratimA ke sammukha parva pUre zrAvaNa mAsa taka manAyA jAtA hai| leTane ke samaya kucha svapnoM se pArthakya, vibhinna prakAra ke sitA saptamI-bhuvanezvara ( ur3IsA ) kI caudaha yAtrAoM puSpoM ke samarpaNa se unake phala tathA puNya bhI vibhinna meM se eka yAtrA kI tithi / mAgha zukla saptamI ko isa milate haiM, yathA-kamala puSpoM se yaza, mandAra puSpoM se yAtrA ke anuSThAna kA niyama hai| kuSTha tathA agastyake puSpoM se sphltaa| brAhmaNoM ko raMgasiddha-devatAoM kA eka vizeSa varga, upadeva / aNimA viraMge vastra, itra, puSpa, haviSyAnna tathA gau ke dAna kA mahimAdi guNoM se saMyukta vizvAvasu (gandharva ) Adi vidhAna hai| isameM sammilita haiN| siddhi-ahetuka adbhuta saphalatA yA camatkAra / mArkaNDeya siddhanakSatra-zukravAra, pratipadA, SaSThI, ekAdazI tathA vayo- purANa ( dattAtreyAlarka saMvAda, yogavallabha nAmaka dazI evaM pUrvA-phAlgunI, uttarASAr3ha, hasta, zravaNa tathA adhyAya ) meM aSTa siddhiyoM ke nAma aura lakSaNa revatI kI gaNanA siddha nakSatroM meM hai| samasta punIta kRtya batalAye gaye haiM : inhIM uparyukta nakSatrAdikoM ke avasara para kiye jAne aNimA mahimA caiva laghimA prApti revaca / caahie| prAkAmyaJca tathezitvaM vazitvaJca tathAparam / / siddhAnta-pUrvapakSa kA nirAsa (khaNDana) karake uttara pakSa yatra kAmAvasAyitvaM guNAnetAnathaizvarAn / kI sthApanA / siddha = vAdi-prativAdinirNIta, anta = artha prApnotyaSTau naravyAghra paranirvANasUcakAn / / jisameM ho / grahagati ke nirNAyaka navavidha jyotiSa granthoM sUkSmAt sUkSmataro'NIyAn zIghratvAllaghimA guNaH / ko bhI siddhAnta kahA jAtA hai-1. brahma siddhAnta 2. mahimAzeSapUjyatvAt prApti prApyamasya yat / / sUrya siddhAnta 3. soma siddhAnta 4 bRhaspati siddhAnta prAkAmyamasya vyApitvAt Izitvo cezvaro yataH / 5. garga siddhAnta 6. nArada siddhAnta 7. parAzara siddhAnta vazitvAt vazitA nAma yoginaH saptamo guNaH / / pulastya siddhAnta aura 9. vasiSTha siddhAnta / yathecchAsthAnamapyuktaM yatra kaamaavsaayitaa| siddhArtha-zAkya siMha (gautama buddh)| jaina tIrthaGkara mahA- aizvarya kAraNa rebhiryoginaH proktamaSTadhA // vIra ke pitA kA nAma bhI siddhArtha thaa| zveta sarasoM kA brahmavaivartapurANa (1.6.18-19) meM aThAraha siddhiyoM kI bhI nAma siddhArtha hai, kyoMki vaha mAMgalika tathA siddhidAtA gaNanA kI gayI hai : mAnI jAtI hai / aNimA laghimA prAptiH prAkAmyaM mahimA tathA / siddhArthakAdisaptamI--mAgha athavA mArgazIrSa mAsa kI IzitvaJca vazitvaJca sarvakAmAvasAyitA // saptamI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| yadi sarvajJa dUrazravaNaM parakAyapravezanam / vratI rugNa ho to kisI mAsa kI kisI bhI saptamI ko vAsiddhi: kalpavRkSatvaM sraSTuM saMhartumIzatA / / vrata kA Ayojana kiyA jA sakatA hai| isameM sUryodaya se amaratvaJca sarvAGgaM siddhayo'STAdaza smRtAH / arddha prahara pUrva (lagabhaga cAra ghar3I pUrva taka ) nizcita siddhiyoginI-agnipurANa ke gaNabheda nAmaka adhyAya meM vRkSoM kI dAtuna se dantazuddhi karanI caahie| jaise madhUka, batalAyA gayA hai ki dakSa kI pacAsa kanyAyeM thiiN| ve hI arjana, nIma, azvattha / dA~ta sApha karane ke bAda dAtuna siddhiyoginiyoM ke rUpa meM vikhyAta huii| pheMkane ke sthAnoM se zakuna vicAra sambhava hai| sAta siddhivinAyakavrata-zukla pakSa kI caturthI ke dina athavA saptamiyoM ko isa vrata kA Ayojana kiyA jAya / prathama jisa dina vratI ke hRdaya meM dhArmika pravRtti kA sphuraNa ho saptamI ko sarasoM se, dvitIya saptamI ko Aka kI kaliyoM usI dina isa kA anuSThAna nihita hai| isa dina tilase, tRtIya saptamI se Age taka kramazaH marica, nIma, mizrita jala se snAna karanA caahie| isa samaya gaNeza ubale hue cAvaloM ko chor3akara anya khAdyAnnoM ke sAtha jI kI suvarNa athavA rajata pratimA ko paJcAmRta se snAna yA

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siprA sukulatrirAta karAkara gandhAkSatapuSpa, dhUpa, dIpa naivedyAdi se 'gaNAdhyakSa, vinAyaka, umAsuta, rudrapriya, vighnanAzana' Adi nAmoccAraNapUrvaka pUjana karanA caahie| pUjana meM 21 dUrvAdala tathA 21 laDDU gaNezapratimA ke sammukha rakhe jA~ya jinameM eka laDDU gaNeza jI ke lie, 10 purohita tathA 10 vratI ke svayaM ke lie hoNge| isa AcaraNa se vidyA prApti, ghanArjana tathA yuddha meM saphalatA (siddhi) kI upalabdhi hotI hai| siprA (ziprA kSiprA ) - bhArata kI eka prasiddha nadI / yaha mAlavA meM bahatI hai| isake taTa para avantikA ( mahAkAla kI mokSadAyinI nagarI ujjaina) sthita hai| kAlikA purANa (adhyAya 23) meM isakI utpatti kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / sItA-lAla paddhati (hala ke phala se kheta meM banI huI rekhA) / rAjA janaka kI putrI kA nAma sItA isalie thA ki ve janaka ko hala kathita rekhAbhUmi se prApta huI thiiN| bAda meM unakA vivAha bhagavAn rAma se huaa| vAlmIkirAmAyaNa (1.66.13-14 ) meM janaka jI sItA kI utpatti kI kathA isa prakAra kahate haiM : atha me kRSataH kSetra lAGgalAdutthitA tataH / kSetra zoSayatA labdhA nAmnA sIteti vizrutA / / bhUtalAduriyatA sA tu vyavarddhata mamAtmajA / vIryazukleti me kanyA sthApiteyamayonijA / / yahI kathA padmapurANa tathA bhaviSyapurANa (sItAnavamI vrata mAhAtmya) meM vistAra ke sAtha kahI gayI hai / (2) sItA eka nadI kA nAma hai / bhAgavata ( paJcamaskandha) ke anusAra vaha bhadrAzva varSa (cIna) kI gaMgA hai : "sItA tu brahmasadanAt kezavAcalAdi girazikharebhyopoSaH prasavantI gandhamAdanamUrddhasu patitvA'ntareNa bhadrAzvaM varSa prAcyAM dizi kSArasamudraM abhipravizati / " 'zabdamAlA' meM sItA ke sambandha meM nimnAMkita kathana hai : pATalA / gaGgAyAntu bhadrasomA mahAbhadrAya tasyAH srotasi sItA ca vasurbhadrA ca kIrtitA // tadabhede'lakanandApi zAriNI svalpanimnagA // sItApUjA - ( 1 ) sItA zabda kA artha hai kRSi kArya meM jotI huI bhUmi brahmapurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki nArada ke dvArA 1 + 673 Agraha karane para dakSa ke putroM ne phAlguna kRSNa aSTamI ko pRthvI kI nApa-jola kI thii| ataeva devagaNa tathA pitRgaNa isI dina apUpoM kA zrAddha pasanda karate haiM / (2) bhagavAn rAma kI dharmapatnI sItA kA pUjana isa vrata ke dina hotA hai, jo phAlguna zukla aSTamI ko utpanna huI thIM / sItAmar3hI sItAjI ke prakaTa hone kA svl| yaha prAcIna mithilA meM (nepAla rAjya) ke antargata hai / lakhanadeI nadI ke pazcima taTa para sItAmar3hI bastI hai / ghere ke bhItara sItA jI kA mandira hai| pAsa meM hI rAma, lakSmaNa, ziva, hanumAn tathA gaNeza ke mandira haiM yahA~ se eka mIla para punaur3A gA~va ke pAsa pakkA sarovara hai / yahIM jAnakI jI pRthvI se utpanna huI thiiN| pAsa meM ThAkurabAr3I hai| nimivaMzaja rAjA sIradhvaja akAla par3ane para sone ke hala se yajJa bhUmi jota rahe the| tabhI halAna ke lagane se divya kanyA utpanna huii| yahA~ urvijA nAmaka prAcIna kuNDa hai| striyoM meM yaha tIrtha bahuta lokapriya hai / sImantonnayana -- solaha zarIra-saMskAroM meM se eka saMskAra / garbhAdhAna ke chaThe athavA AThaveM mahIne meM isakA anuSThAna kiyA jAtA hai| isameM pati patnI ke sImanta ( zira ke UparI bhAgoM ke bAloM ko sa~bhAla kara uThAte hue usake tathA garbhastha zizu ke svAsthya kI kAmanA karatA hai / isa saMskAra ke sAtha garbhiNI strI aura usake pati ke kartavyoM kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai / sukalatraprAptivrata-kanyAoM, saMghavAoM tathA vidhavAoM ke lie bhI isa vrata kA AcaraNa vihita hai| yaha nakSatra vrata hai / isake nArAyaNa devatA haiN| koI kanyA tIna nakSatroM, yathA uttarA phAlgunI, uttarASAr3ha, uttarAbhAdrapada ko jagannAtha kA pUjana kara mAdhava ke nAma kA kIrtana kare tathA priyaGga phala (lAla phUla arpita kareM madhu tathA zodhita navanIta se havana tathA 'mAdhavAya namaH' kahate hue praNAmAJjali arpita kare to isase use acchA pati prApta hotA hai| bhagavAna ziva ne bhI pArvatI ko usa vrata kA mahattva batAyA thA / sukulatrirAtravrata - mArgazIrSa mAsa meM usa dina isa vrata kA prArambha honA cAhie jisa dina tryahaH spRk (tIna dina vAlI tithi) ho, isa vrata meM tIna dina upavAsa

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674 sukRtatRtIyAvrata-sudarzana-SaSThI lagAyA jAya, tadanantara zuddha jala se snAna karanA caahie| snAnoparAnta dUrvA, pIpala, zamI tathA gauko sparza kiyA jAya / 108 AhutiyoM se maMgala graha ko nimitta mAnakara havana karanA cAhie / suvarNa athavA rajata athavA tAmra athavA sarala nAmaka kASTha yA cIr3a yA candana ke bane hue pAtra meM maMgala graha kI pratimA sthApita kara usakA kA vidhAna hai| isa vrata meM trivikrama (viSNu) kA zveta, pIta, rakta puSpoM se, tIna aGgarAgoM se, guggula, kuTuka (kuTakI) tathA rAla kI dhUpa se pUjana karanA cAhie / isa avasara para unheM trimadhura (misarI, madhu, makkhana) arpita kie jaay| tIna hI dIpaka prajjvalita kie jaay| yava, tila tathA sarasoM se havana karanA cAhie / isa vrata meM triloha (suvarNa, rajata tathA tA~be) kA dAna karanA caahie| sukRtatRtIyAvata-hasta nakSatra yukta zrAvaNa zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai| isameM nArAyaNa tathA lakSmI kA pUjana vihita hai| tIna varSaparyanta isakA AcaraNa honA caahie| usa samaya 'viSNornu kam0' tathA 'saktumiva' Adi Rgveda ke mantroM kA pATha honA caahie| sukha-naiyAyikoM ke anusAra AtmavRtti vizeSa guNa hai| vedAntiyoM ke anusAra yaha mana kA dharma hai| gItA (a0 18) meM sukha ke sAttvika, rAjasa, tAmasa tIna / prakAra kahe gaye haiM / sukha jagat ke lie kAmya hai aura dharma se utpanna hotA hai / garuDapurANa (adhyAya 113) meM sUkha ke kAraNa aura lakSaNa batalAye gae haiN| rAgadveSAdiyuktAnAM na sukha kutracit dvija / vicArya khalu pazyAmi tatsukhaM yatra nirvRtiH // yatra sneho bhayaM tatra sneho duHkhasya bhAjanam / snehamalAni duHkhAni tasmiMstyakte mahatsukham / / sarva paravazaM duHkhaM sarvamAtmavaza sukham / etadvidyAtsamAsena lakSaNaM sukhaduHkhayoH / / sukhasyAnantaraM duHkhaM duHkhasyAnantaraM sukham / sukhaM duHkhaM manuSyANAM cakravatparivartate / / sukharAtri athavA sukharAtrikA-yaha lakSmIpUjana divasa hai (kArtika kI amAvasyA) / dIvAlI ke avasara para ise sUkha rAtrikA ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA jAtA hai| sakhavata-zaklapakSa kI caturthI ko bhaumavAra par3e taba yaha sukhadA kahI jAtI hai| isa dina nakta vidhi se AhArAdi karanA caahie| isa prakAra se cAra caturthiyoM taka isa vrata kI AvRtti kI jAya / isa avasara para maMgala kA pUjana honA cAhie, jise umA kA putra samajhA jAtA hai| sira para mRttikA rakhakara phira use sAre zarIra meM sugatipauSamAsIkalpa (paurNamAsI)-phAlguna zuklA pUrNimA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| yaha tithivrata hai / viSNu isake devatA haiN| vratI ko nakta vidhi se lavaNa tathA tailarahita AhAra karanA caahie| eka varSa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna honA caahie| varSa ko cAracAra mAsoM ke tIna bhAgoM meM bA~Takara lakSmI sahita kezava kA pUjana karanA caahie| vrata ke dina adhArmikoM, nAstikoM, jaghanya aparAdhiyoM tathA pApAtmAoM evaM cANDAloM se vArtAlApa bhI nahIM karanA cAhie / rAtri ke samaya bhagavAn hari tathA lakSmI ko candramA ke pratibhAsita hote hue dekhanA cAhie / sutIkSNa Azrama-yaha sthAna madhya pradeza meM vIrasiMhapura se lagabhaga caudaha mIla hai / zarabhaGga Azrama se sIdhe jAne meM dasa mIla par3atA hai| yahA~ bhI zrIrAma mandira hai| maharSi agastya ke ziSya sutIkSNa muni yahA~ rahate the / bhagavAn rAma apane vanavAsa meM yahA~ paryApta samaya taka rahe the| kucha vidvAn vartamAna satanA (ma0pra0) ko hI sutIkSNaAzrama kA pratinidhi mAnate haiN| citrakUTa se satanA kA sAmIpya isa mata ko puSTa karatA hai| sudarzana-viSNu kA cakra (aayudh)| matsyapurANa (11.27-30) meM isakI utpatti kA varNana hai| savarzanaSaSThI-rAjA yA kSatriya isa vrata kA AcaraNa karate haiN| kamalapuSpoM se eka maNDala banAkara cakra kI nAbhi para sudarzana cakra kI tathA kamala kI paMkhur3iyoM para lokapAloM kI sthApanA kI jAya / cakra ke sammukha apane svayaM ke astra-zastra sthApita kiye jAya / tadanantara lAla candana ke pralepa, sarasoM, rakta kamala tathA raktima vastroM se sabakI pUjA kI jAya / pUjana ke uparAnta gur3amizrita naivedya samarpaNa karanA caahie| isake pazcAt zatruoM

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sudharmA-sUta ke vinAza ke lie, yuddha meM vijaya ke lie tathA apanI senA kI surakSA ke lie maMtroM ke sAtha sudarzana cakra kI prArthanA kI jAya / viSNu ke dhanuSa (zArGga ), gadA ityAdi kA tathA unake vAhana garuDa kA bhI pUjana kiyA jAya / rAjA ko siMhAsana para baiThAkara usake sammukha eka musa jjita mArI dIpoM se AratI utaare| kisI pApagraha athavA janmakAlika krUra nakSatra kA udaya hone para bhI isI vidhi se pUjana karanA caahie| sudharmA indradevakI sabhA dvArakApurI meM yAdavoM kI rAja sabhA sudharmA kahalAtI thI / supAtra - kisI kArya ke samupayukta athavA yogya vyakti / bhAgavatapurANa ke anusAra brAhmaNa ko vizeSa karake supAtra mAnA gayA hai : puruSesvapi rAjendra supAtraM brAhmaNaM viduH / tapasA vidyayA tuSTayA dhatte vedaM harestanum // dAnavidhi meM supAtra kA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA hai : tasmAtsarvAtmanA pAtre dadyAt kanakadakSiNAm / apAtre pAtayeddattaM suvarNa narakArNave / (buddhitatva ) . suprabhAtam -- prAtaH kAlIna maGgalapATha, jisameM kucha puNyazlokoM kA uccAraNa hotA haiM / vAmanapurANa (adhyAya 14) meM yaha nimnaprakAra se milatA hai : brahmA murAristripurAntakArI bhAnuH zazI bhUmisuto budhshn| guruH sazukraH saha mAnujena kurvantu sarve mama suprabhAtam / / bhRgurvaziSThaH kraturaGgirAzca manuH pulastyaH pulahaH sagotamaH / raimyo marIcipavano'maloruH kurvantu sarve mama suprabhAtam // sanatkumAraH sanakaH sanandanaH sanAtano'pyAsuripiGgalauca / saptasvaraH saptarasAtalAzca kurvaMtu sarve mama suprabhAtam // pRthvI sagandhA sarasAstathApaH samparNavAyurvalitaca tejaH / nabhaH samyaM mahataH sahaiva kurvantu sarve mama suprabhAtam // saptArNavAH saptakulAcalAzca saptarSayo dvIpavarAzca sapta bhUrAdi kunaM bhuvanAni sapta kurvanti sarve mama suprabhAtam // isvaM prabhAte paramaM pavitraM yaM saMsmaredrA zRNuyAcca bhaktyA / duHsvapnanAzo nanu suprabhAte bhavecca satyaM bhagavatprasAdAt // sumeru - uttara dizA kA kendra, bhUgola kA sarvocca prabhAga, jo parvata mAnA gayA hai| hinduoM ke bhUgola aura purA kathA meM isake mahattvapUrNa ullekha pAye jAte haiM / 675 bhAgavata purANa (paJcama skandha) meM isakA nimnAMkita vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| "eSAM madhye ilAvRtaM nAmAbhyantaravarSa yasya nAbhyAmavasthitaH sarvataH sauvarNaH kulagirirAja mepAyAmasamunnAhaH kaNikAbhUtaH kuvalayakamalasya mUrddhani dvAtriMzatsahasrayojanavitato mUle SoDazasahasraM tAvatAntarbhUmyAM praviSThaH " // 7 // Ajakala isakI sthiti tibbata aura pAmIra ke paThAra ke madhya kahI jAtI hai / surabhi - devatAoM kI gau kAmadhenu, jo samudra manthanotpanna caudaha ratnoM meM hai / gau mAtA ke lie bhI isakA sAmAnya prayoga hotA hai| brahmavaivartapurANa (prakRtikhaNDa, 47 adhyAya) meM surabhi kI utpatti, pUjana Adi kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / surasA (1) tulasI kiso kisI ke mata meM yaha durgA kA bhI nAma hai / (2) nAgamAtA kA nAma surasA haiM / vAlmIkirAmAyaNa (sundarakANDa sarga 1 ) meM surasA kA ullekha hanumAnajI ke sAgarollaghana ke sandarbha meM huA hai / surendra devatAoM ke rAjA indra eka lokapatra kA nAma / bhI surendra hai / - - suvrata caitra zukla aSTamI se aSTa vasuoM kI jo bhagavAn vAsudeva ke hI rUpa hai, gandhAkSatapuSpAdi se pUjA kI jAnI caahie| eka varSaparyanta yaha vrata calanA cAhie / vrata ke anta meM gau kA dAna karanA caahie| isase samasta saMkalpoM kI siddhi hotI hai tathA vratI vasuloka prApta karatA hai / sUkta - vedokta devastutiyoM kA nizcita mantra samUha / isakA artha hai 'zobhana ukti vizeSa udAharaNArtha, Rgveda meM 'agnimIle ityAdi agni sUkta hai| 'sahasraNI' ityAdi puruSa mukta hai| 'ahaM rudrebhiri' ityAdi devI sUkta hai| 'hiraNyavarNAmi' ityAdi zrIsUkta hai / sUta - manusmRti ( 10.11) ke anusAra kSatriya pitA aura brAhmaNa kanyA se utpanna santAna ( varNasaMkara ) : "kSatriyAt brahmakanyAyAM mRto bhavati jAtitaH / " isakA vyavasAya

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sUtaka-sUrya ratha saMcAlana batalAyA gayA hai (vahI, 10.47) / vedavyAsa RSi ne romaharSaNa nAmaka apane sUta ziSya ko samasta purANa aura mahAbhArata Adi par3hAye the| sUtajI naimi- SAraNya meM RSiyoM ko ye purANa kathAe~ sunAyA karate the / sUtaka-parivAra meM kisI zizu ke janma se utpanna azauca / vRddhamanu ke anusAra yaha azauca dasa dinoM taka rahatA hai| sUtikA-nava prasUtA strI / isakA saMsparza dUSita batalAyA gayA hai| saMsparza hone para prAyazcitta se zaddhi hotI hai| 'prAyazcittatattva' meM kathana hai : cANDAlAnnaM bhUmipAnnamajajIvizvajIvinAm / zauNDikAnnaM sutikAnnaM bhuktvA mAsaM vratI bhavet / / sUtra-(1) atyanta sUkSma zailI meM likhe hue zAstrAdisUcanA grantha / sUtra kA lakSaNa isa prakAra hai : svalpAkSaramasaMdigdhaM sAravad vizvato mukham / astobhanavadyaJca sUtra sUtravido viduH / / [ atyanta thor3e akSara vAle, sAragarbhita, vyApaka, astobha (stobha-sAmagAna ke tAlasvara) tathA anavadya (vAkya athavA vAkyAMza sUtra) kahA jAtA hai / ] vedAGga-zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda aura jyotiSa sUtra zailI meM hI likhe gaye haiN| SaDdarzana bhI sUtra zailI meM praNIta haiN| (2) brahmasUtra (yajJopavIta) ko bhI sUtra kahate haiN| sUnA-prANiyoM kA vadhasthAna / gRhastha ke ghara meM pA~ca sUnA hotI haiM : paJcasUnA gRhasthasya cullI peSaNyupaskaraH / kaNDanI codakumbhazca vadhyate yAzca vAhayan // [cUlhA, cakkI, sAmagrI, okhalI aura jalAdhAra ye pA~ca sUnA ke sthAna hai jahA~ gahastha ke dvArA hiMsA hotI rahatI hai'|] isake pApanAzana kA upAya manu ne isa prakAra batalAyA hai : paJcaitAn yo mahAyajJAn na hApayati zaktitaH / sa gRhe'pi vasannityaM sUnAdoSairna lipyate / / [paMca mahAyajJa brahmayajJa, devayajJa, pitRyajJa, bhUtayajJa aura manuSyayajJa) nitya karane vAlA gRhastha pA~ca sUnA (hiMsA) doSoM se mukta rahatA hai|] sUrya-devamaNDala kA eka pradhAna devatA / yaha bAraha AdityoM (aditi ke putroM) meM se eka hai| Rgveda ke bAraha sUktoM meM sUrya kI stuti kI gayI hai / yaha Aditya varga ke devatAoM meM sabase adhika mahattvazAlI aura dRzya hai| isakA devatva sabase adhika usa samaya vikasita hotA hai jaba yaha AkAza ke madhyameM car3ha jAtA hai| yaha devatAoM kA mukha kahA gayA hai| (R0 1.115.1) / isako devatAoM kA vizeSakara mitra aura varuNa kA cakSu bhI kahA hai (R06.51.1) / cakSu aura sUrya kA dhaniSTha sambandha hai| vaha virAT puruSa kA cakSu sthAnIya hai| kaI saMskAroM meM sUrya ke darzana karane kI vyavasthA hai| vaha manuSyoM ke zubha aura azubha karmoM ko dekhatA, manuSyoM ko nirdoSita ghoSita karatA aura unheM niSpApa bhI banAtA hai| svAsthya se sUrya kA svAbhAvika sambandha hai| vaha rogoM ko dUra bhagAtA hai(R01.50.11.12) vedoM meM sUrya kA sajIva citraNa pAyA jAtA hai jo usake paravartI mUrti vijJAna kA AdhAra hai| vaha eka ghor3e athavA bahusaMkhyaka ghor3oM (haritaH) se khIMcA jAtA hai| ye ghor3e spaSTataH usako prakAza kiraNoM ke pratIka haiN| kahIM kahIM haMsa, garuDa, vRSabha, azva, AkAzaratna Adi ke rUpa meM bhI usakI kalpanA kI gayI hai / vaha kahIM uSA kA putra (paravartI hone ke kAraNa aura kahIM usake pIchepIche calane vAlA usakA praNayI kahA gayA hai| (R0 1.115.2) / vaha dyau kA putra bhI kahA gayA hai (vAstava meM sampUrNa devamaNDala dyAvApRthvI kA putra hai)| sUrya vAstava meM agni tattva kA hI AkAzIya rUpa hai| vaha andhakAra aura usameM rahane vAle rAkSasoM kA vinAza karatA hai| vaha dinoM kI gaNanA aura unakA saMvarddhana bhI karatA (R08.48.7) hai| isako eka sthAna para vizvakarmA bhIkahA gayA hai| usake mArga kA nirmANa devatA, vizeSakara varuNa aura Aditya, karate haiN| yaha prazna pUchA gayA hai ki AkAza se sUrya kA bimba kyoM nahIM giratA (vahI 4.13. 5) / uttara hai ki sUrya svayaM vizva ke vidhAna kA saMrakSaka hai; usakA cakra niyamita, aparivartanIya, sArvabhauma niyama kA anusaraNa karatA hai| vizva kA kendra sthAnIya hai / vaha jaMgama aura sthAvara sabhI kA AtmA hai (Rgveda 1.115.1 ) / sUrya kI vaidika kalpanA kA purANoM aura mahAbhArata

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sUrya Adi meM bar3e vistAra se varNana hai, jahA~ sUrya sambandhI purA kathAoM aura pUjA vidhiyoM ke rUpa meM vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai / sUrya ke vivAha Adi itivRtta kA manoraMjaka varNana mArkaNDeya purANa meM pAyA jAtA hai| isake anusAra vizvakarmA ne apanI putrI saMjJA kA vivAha vivasvAn ke sAtha kiyaa| parantu saMjJA sUrya kA teja sahana na kara sakI, ataH unake pAsa apanI chAyA ko chor3akara pitRgRha lauTa gyii| vizvakarmA ne kharAda para car3hAkara sUrya ke teja ko thor3A kama kiyA jisase saMjJA usako sahana kara ske| sUrya kI cAra patniyAM haiM -saMjJA, rAjI, prabhA aura chAyA saMjJA se muni kI utpatti huI / rAjJI se yama, yamunA aura revanta utpanna hue / prabhA se prabhAta, chAyA se sAvarNi, zani aura tapatI kA janma huaa| sUrya parivAra ke anya devatAoM aura navagrahoM kI utpatti sUrya se kaise huI, isakA vistRta varNana purANoM meM milatA haiM / uparyukta bhAvanAoM tathA vizvAsoM ke kAraNa dhIre-dhIre sUrya sampradAya kA udaya huA / IsApUrva tathA IsA pazcAt kI zatAbdiyoM meM IrAna ke sAtha bhArata kA ghaniSTha sambandha hone se IrAnI mitra- pUjA (mizra - pUjA) kA sUrya pUjA ( maMdira kI mUrti pUjA) se samanvaya ho gayA / bhaviSya purANa tathA vArAha purANa meM kathA hai ki kRSNa ke putra zAmba ko kuSTha roga ho gyaa| sUrya pUjA se hI isa roga kI mukti ho sakatI thii| isalie sUrya mandira kI sthApanA aura mUrtipUjA ke lie zakadvIpa (pUrvI IrAna, sIstAna) se maga brAhmaNoM ko nimaMtrita kiyA gayA / candrabhAgA ( cinAva ) ke taTapara mUlasthAnapura ( mulatAna ) meM sUrya mandira kI sthApanA huI mUlasthAna (mulatAna) ke sUrya maMdira kA ullekha cInI yAtrI hva enasAMga tathA arava lekhaka al-idrisI abUdazAka, al-istaravI Adi ne kiyA hai| kucha purANoM ke anusAra zAmba ne mathurA meM zAmbAditya nAmaka sUrya maMdira kI sthApanA kI thii| isa samaya se lekara terahavIM zatI I0 taka bhArata meM sUrya pUjA kA kAphI pracAra thA / kumAragupta ( prathama ) ke samaya meM dazapura ( maMdasaura) ke bunakaroM kI eka zreNI (saMgha) ne bhavya sUrya maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| skandagupta kA eka smAraka indrapura ( indaura, bulandazahara, u0pra0) meM sUrya mandira ke nirmANa kA ullekha karatA hai / mihirakula ke gvAliyara prastara lekha meM mAtR peTa dvArA sUrya mandira ke 677 nirmANa kA varNana hai / balabhI ke maitraka rAjA sUryopAsaka the / puSyabhUtivaMza ke prathama cAra rAjA Aditya bhakta the ( bAMsakherA tathA madhuvana tAmrapatra ) / paravartI gupta rAjA dvitIya jIvitagupta ke samaya meM ArA jile (magadha ) meM sUryamandira nirmita huA thA (phlITa gupta abhilekha pR070, 80,162,218) / baharAica meM bAlAditya kA prasiddha aura vizAla sUryamaMdira thA jisakA dhvaMsa saiyada sAlAra masaUda gAjI ne kiyaa| sabase pIche prasiddha sUryamaMdira candrabhAgA taTavartI mUlasthAna vAle sUryamaMdira ko smRti meM ur3IsA ke candrabhAgA tIrtha koNDArka meM banA jo Aja bhI karavaTa ke bala leTA huA hai / sUrya pUjA meM pahale pUjA ke viSaya pratIka the mAnavakRti mUrtiyA~ pIche vyavahAra meM aayiiN| pratIkoM meM cakra, vRtAkAra suvarNavAla, kamala Adi mukhya the| vyavahAra meM / sUrya mUrtiyoM ke do sampradAya vikasita hue (1) audIcya (2) dAkSiNAtya audIcya meM pazcimottarIya dezoM kA bAhya prabhAva vizeSakara veza meM parilakSita hotA hai / dAkSiNAtya meM bhAratIyatA kI pradhAnatA hai parantu mUrtivijJAna kI dRSTi se donoM meM pUrI bhAratIyatA hai| mUrtiyAM bhI do prakAra kI haiN| eka rathArUr3ha aura dUsarI khar3I / rathArUr3ha mUrtiyoM meM eka cakra vAlA ratha hotA hai jisako eka se lekara sAta azva khIMcate haiN| Age calakara sAta azva hI adhika pracalita ho ge| aruNa sAravi (jisake pA~va nahIM hote) ratha kA saMcAlana karatA hai / ratha tama ke pratIka rAkSasoM ke Upara se nikalatA huA dikhAyA jAtA hai| sUrya ke donoM pApa se upA aura pratyuSA ( uSA ke do rUpa ) dhanuSa se AkAza para bANa pheMkatI huI aMki kI jAtI haiM / donoM ora do pArSada daNDI (daNDa lie hue) aura piGgala athavA kuNDI (masi pAtra aura lekhanI lie hue) bhI dikhAe jAte haiM / kinhIM - kinhIM mUrtiyoM meM sUrya kI patniyoM aura putroM kA bhI, jo sabhI prakAza ke pratIka hai, aMkana milatA hai| audIcya sUrya mUrtiyoM ke pA~voM meM bharakama U~be jUte ( upAnaha cuzta pAjAmA, bhArI aMgA, caur3I mekhalA, kirITa (mukuTa) aura usake pIche prabhAmaNDala pAyA jAtA hai| kahIM kahIM kandhe se donoM ora do paMkha bhI jur3e hote haiM jo sUrya ke vaidika garutmAn rUpa ke avazeSa haiN| hAthoM meM dAhine meM kamala (athavA kamaladaNDa) aura bAyeM meM khaDga milatA hai / dAkSiNAtya

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678 mUrtiyoM kI vizeSatA hai kamalastha naMgA pA~va dhotI aura pUrNataH abhivyakta (khulA) zarIra / sUryanaktavrata- vratakartA ko ravivAra ke dina nakta vidhi se AhAra Adi karanA caahie| ravivAra ko hasta nakSatra par3e to usa dina ekabhakta tathA usake bAda vAle ravivAroM ko nakta vidhi se AhAra karanA caahie| sUryAsta ke samaya rakta candana ke pralepa se dvAdaza dalIya kamala banAkara pUrva se AThoM dizAoM meM bhinna-bhinna nAmoM se (jaise sUrya, divAkara Adi) nyAsa kiyA jaay| maNDala ke pUrva meM sUrya ke azvoM kA nyAsa kiyA jaay| Rgveda tathA sAma veda ke prathama maMtroM tathA taittirIya saMhitA ke prathama cAra zabdoM kA uccAraNa karate hue artha dAna karanA caahie| eka varSaparyanta athavA dvAdaza varSaparyanta isa vrata kA AcaraNa hotA hai / isase vratI samasta rogoM se mukta hokara sukha samRddhi tathA sandhAnAdi kA sukha bhogakara sUrya loka prApta kara letA hai / sUryapUjAprazaMsA-de0 viSNu dharma0, 3.181.1-7, jisameM likhA hai ki varSa kI samasta saptamI tithiyoM ko sUrya kA pUjana karane se kyA puNya athavA phala milatA hai; athavA varSa bhara prati ravivAra ko nakta vidhi se AhArAdi karane se athavA sUryodaya ke samaya sarvadA sUryopAsanA karane se kyA puNya prApta hotA hai| bhaviSya purANa (1-68) ke zloka 8-14 meM isa bAta kA spaSTa ullekha hai ki sUryopAsanA meM kina-kina puSpoM kI AvazyakatA par3atI hai tathA unakA prayoga karane se kyA puNya prApta hote haiN| sUryarathayAtrA mAhAtmya bhaviSyapurANa (1.58 ) ke anusAra sUrya kA rathotsava mAgha mAsa meM Ayojita kiyA jAtA hai / yadi prati varSa isakA Ayojana kaThina ho to bArahaveM varSa jisa dina prathama bAra huA thA, usI dina Ayojana kiyA jAnA caahie| utsava ke nairantarya meM thor3e-thor3e vyavadhAnoM ke bAda isakA Ayojana nahIM kiyA jAnA caahie| ASAr3ha, kArtika tathA mAgha mAsa kI pUrNimAe~ isake lie pavitratama hai| yadi ravivAra ko SaSThI yA saptamI par3e to bhI rathayAtrA kA utsava Ayo jita ho sakatA hai / sRSTi - saMsAra kI utpatti yA nirmiti athavA sarjanA / jo Izvara ke astitva meM vizvAsa karate haiM unake anusAra Izvara ne apanI hI yogamAyA se athavA prakRtirUpI upA sUktaSTatava dAna kAraNa se isa jagat kA nirmANa kiyA zrIbhAgavata purANa meM sRSTi kA varNana isa prakAra hai : sRSTi ke pUrva mana, cakSu Adi indriyoM se agocara bhagavAn ekamAtra the / jaba unhoMne svecchA se dekhane kI kAmanA kI to koI dRzya nahIM dikhAyI par3A / taba unhoMne triguNamayI mAyA kA prakAza kiyaa| taba bhagavAn ne apane aMza puruSarUpa karake usa mAyA meM apane vIrya caitanya kA AdhAna kiyaa| usase tIna prakAra kA ahaGkAra utpanna huA | unameM se sAttvika ahaGkAra se mana indriya ke adhiSThAtRdevatA utpanna hue rAjasa ahaGkAra se dasa indriyoM kI utpatti huii| tAmasa ahaGkAra se paJcabhUta hue| unameM paJcaguNa utpanta hue| isa prakAra prakRtyAdi ina caubIsa tattvoM se brahmANDakA nirmANa kara bhagavAn ne eka aMza se usameM praveza kara garbhodaka saMjJaka jala utpanna kiyaa| usa jala ke bIca meM yoganidrA se sahasrayugakAla taka sthita rahe / usake anta meM uThakara apane aMza se brahmA hokara saba kI sRSTi kara aura (viSNurUpa se) nAnAvatAroM ko dhAraNakara jagat kA pAlana karate haiM / kalpAnta meM rudrarUpa se jagat kA saMhAra karate haiM / viSNu purANa (1.5.27-65 ) meM viSNu dvArA sRSTi kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| Rgveda ke puruSa sUkta meM virAT ( vizva puruSa ) se sampUrNa vizva kI utpatti kA rUpakAtmaka varNana hai / nyAya darzana ke anusAra sRSTi ke ke tIna kAraNa haiM- ( 1 ) upAdAna (2) nimitta aura (3) sahakArI prakRti sRSTi kA upAdAna kAraNa aura Izvara nimitta kAraNa hai| jisa prakAra kumbhakAra mRttikAupAdAna se aneka prakAra ke mRdbhANDoM kA nirmANa karatA hai| usI prakAra Izvara prakRti ke upAdAna se bahuvidhi jagat kI sRSTi karatA hai / sRSTitasva -- bhAratIya saMskRti ke maulika tattvoM meM AdhyAtmika cintana kI bar3I vizeSatA hai| darzana zAstrIya siddhAnta ke anusAra binA tatva-jJAna prApta kiye jIva kalyANa kA bhAgI nahIM ho sakatA / ataH mAnava adhyAtma kI ora pravRtta hotA hai| isake anantara use jijJAsA hotI hai ki dRzya jagat kI utpatti kahA~ se hotI hai aura yaha kisa jagaha vilIna ho jAtA hai| isa dizA meM hamAre darzana zAstra adhika prakAza DAlate haiM, yathA

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setu-sevA 679 "prakRtermahAn tato'haMkAraH tasmAdagaNazca SoDazakaH / prastuta karate haiM / koI kahatA hai, paramezvara ne sarjana dvArA tasmAdapi SoDazakAt paJcabhyaH paJca bhUtAni / / " apanI vibhUti prakaTa kI hai| kisI ke matameM jisa prakAra ___ arthAt sarvaprathama prakRti se mahat tattva ( buddhi ) kA svapna binA vicAre hI akasmAt utpanna hotA hai, usI AvirbhAva hotA hai, isake anantara ahaMkAra aura usase prakAra jagat bhI akasmAt AvirbhUta huaa| anya loga SoDaza gaNa utpanna hote haiM / SoDaza gaNoM se paMcIkaraNa jagat ko paramAtmA kA krIDanaka kahate haiM / kintu ye sabhI dvArA paJcamahAbhUta bana jAte haiM, prakRti kI pariNAmadharmatA uttara bhramamUlaka haiN| kyoMki AptakAma pUrNa paramAtmA ke anusAra samastasRSTi Age calakara tIna bhAgoM meM ko koI bhI spahA sparza nahIM kara sktii| sRSTi kevala vibhakta hotI hai, AdhyAtmika, Adhibhautika evaM Adhi- svAbhAvika rUpa meM hI utpanna hotI hai| jisa prakAra daivika / inameM Adhibhautika sRSTi sthAvara, jaGgama, svedaja, makar3I binA kisI prayojana ke hI tantusamUha ko phailAtI hai jarAyaja, aNDaja Adi ke rUpa meM sajita hai / ataH ise janma eva sikor3a letI hai evaM pRthvI para binA kAraNa hI aura mRtyu nAma se bhI vyavahRta karate haiM / auSadhiyA~ prAdurbhata hotI hai tathA manuSyoM ke zarIra meM __ AdhyAtmikI sRSTi anAdi aura ananta hai| prakRti niSkAraNa hI bAla aura roma utpanna hote haiM, usI prakAra bhI Adi aura anta se rahita hai / ataH hama anAdyananta usa akSara jyotirmaya brahma se samasta vizva utpanna hotA paramezvara kI parama mahAzakti se udbhUta hone ke kAraNa hai| ataH yaha samasta sRSTi svAbhAvika hai| anAdyanantA AdhyAtmikI sRSTi kI nitya sattA ko svI- setu-jala ke Upara se jAne ke lie banAyA gayA mArga / kAra karate haiN| yahI AdhyAtmika sRSTi ananta koTi isake dAna kA mahat phala batalAyA gayA hai : brahmANDamaya virAT puruSa kA vigraha hai / zruti ke anusAra setupradAnAdindrasya lokamApnoti mAnavaH / isa brahmANDa ke cAroM ora isa prakAra ke ananta brahmANDa prapApradAnAdvaruNalokamApnotyasaMzayam / / prakAzita hai / aura una sabhI brahmANDoM meM sattva, rajas, saMkramANAntu yaH kartA sa svarga tarate naraH / tamaH pradhAna IzvarAMza svarUpa ananta koTi brahmA, viSNu svargaloke ca nivasediSTakAsetukRt sadA // evaM rudra vAsa karate haiM / ye ananta koTi brahmANDa AkAza (maThAdi pratiSThAtattva) meM isI prakAra bhramaNa karate haiM, jisa prakAra samudra meM [mAnava setu-pradAna se indraloka ko prApta karatA hai / ananta matsya evaM jala budbuda bhramaNazIla rahate haiN| pyAU kI vyavasthA karane se vaha varuNa loka ko jAtA isa prakAra vyApaka paramezvara kI sat cit sattA ke hai| jo saMkramaNoM (bA~dha) kA nirmANa karatA hai vaha svarga Azraya se mahAzakti prakRti kI svAbhAvika triguNamaya meM nivAsa karatA hai / AdhyAtmika sRSTi kA ananta vistAra ho rahA hai, jisakI sevA-sevA kA mahattva sabhI dharmoM meM svIkAra kiyA gayA na utpatti hI hai, aura na nAza hI hai| vaiSNava dharma meM isako sAdhanA ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA Adhidaivika sRSTi AdhyAtmika sRSTi se sarvathA bhinna hai| vaiSNava saMhitAeM, jo vaiSNava dharma ke kalpasUtra haiM, hai| isakA sambandha eka eka brahmADa se rahatA hai| yaha sampUrNa vaiSNava zikSA ko cAra bhAgoM meM bA~TatI haiM : sRSTi anitya yA nazvara hotI hai, isakI utpatti, sthiti 1. jJAnapAda (dArzanika dharma vijJAna), evaM pralaya huA karate haiN| jisa prakAra mahAsAgara kI 2 yogapAda (manovaijJAnika abhyAsa) taraMgeM eka sAtha sahasA naSTa nahIM hotIM, usI prakAra Adhi- 3. kriyApAda (lokopakArI pUrta karma) aura daivika sRSTi ke antargata eka eka brahmANDa kI utpatti, 4. caryApAda (dhArmika kRty)| nizcita samayataka usakI sthiti aura pralaya hote haiN| kriyApAda ko kriyAyoga bhI kahate haiN| kriyApAda sRSTi ke sambandha meM kahA jAtA hai ki yaha kyoM hotI aura caryApAda ke antargata sevA kA samAveza hai| bhaktihai ? Izvara ne kisalie isa duHkhamaya saMsAra kA sarjana mArga meM, vizeSakara vallabha-sampradAya meM, bhagavAna kRSNa kI kiyaa| ityAdi aneka prakAra ke prazna kiye jAte haiM, aura sevA kA vistRta vidhAna hai| AcArya vallabha dvArA pracaunake uttara meM aneka mastiSka vibhinna prakAra ke samAdhAna lita puSTimArga kA dUsarA nAma hI 'sevA' hai| purANoM meM

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780 sevAparASa bhagavAn viSNu kI sevA kA vistRta varNana hai (de0 padma- (4) mRta manuSya ko chU kara binA snAna kie viSNu ke purANa, kriyAyogasAra, adhyAya 9-10; vahI adhyAya pAsa jaanaa| 11-13) purANoM meM vaNita sevA prAyaH karmakANDIya hai| (5) rajasvalA ko chUkara viSNu-maMdira meM praveza karanA / parantu puSTimArga' kI sevA mukhyataH bhAvanAtmaka hai / sevA (6) mAnava zava ko sparza kara binA snAna kie viSNa ke tIna sthAna haiM-(1) guru (2) santa aura (3) prabhu / prathama do sAdhana aura aMtima sAdhya hai / guru-sevA bhakti kA prathama sopAna hai aura anivArya bhii| upaniSadoM taka meM (7) viSNu kA sparza karate hue apAna vAyu chor3anA / isakI mahimA gAyI gayI hai| nirguNa aura saguNa donoM (8) viSNu karma karate hue purISa-tyAga / bhaktimArgoM meM guru kI bar3I mahimA hai / nAnaka ne jisa (9) viSNu zAstra kA anAdara karake dUsare zAstroM kI sampradAya kA pravartana kiyA, usameM guru prathama pUjanIya hai| prshNsaa| gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne rAmacaritamAnasa ke prArambha meM (10) malina vastra pahanakara viSNu karma karanA / guru kI bar3I mahimA gAyI hai / santa-sevA bhakti kA dUsarA (11) avidhAna se Acamana kara viSNu ke pAsa jAnA / caraNa hai| isakA mAhAtmya purANoM meM vistAra se diyA (12) viSNu aparAdha karake viSNu ke pAsa jAnA / (13) krodha ke samaya viSNu kA sparza / huA hai (de0 garuDapurANa, uttarakhaNDa, dharmakANDa) / (14) niSiddha puSpa se viSNu kA arcana karAnA / sevA kA tIsarA aura aMtima caraNa hai prabhu-sevA jo (15) rakta vastra dhAraNa kara viSNu ke pAsa jAnA / sAdhya hai / yahA~ sevA kA artha hai bhagavAn kI svarUpasevA / (16) andhakAra meM dIpaka ke binA viSNu kA sparza / isake do prakAra haiM-(1) kriyAtmaka aura bhAvanAtmaka / (17) kAlA vastra pahanakara viSNu pUjAcaraNa / kriyAtmaka sevA ke bhI do prakAra haiM-(1) tanujA tathA (2) vittajA / jo sevA zarIra se kI jAtI hai usako (18) kauA se apavitra vastra pahana kara viSNu-karma krnaa| tanujA aura jo sevA sampatti ke dvArA kI jAtI hai use vittajA kahate haiN| bhAvAtmaka sevA mAnasika hotI hai / (19) viSNu ko kuttA kA ucchiSTa arpita karanA / isameM sampUrNa bhAva se prabhu ke sammukha AtmasamarpaNa kiyA (20) varAha mAMsa khAkara viSNu ke pAsa jaanaa| jAtA hai / isake bhI do bheda haiM-(1) maryAdA sevA aura (21) haMsAdi kA mAMsa khAkara viSNu ke pAsa jAnA / (22) dIpaka chUkara binA hAtha dhoye viSNu kA sparza (2) pussttisevaa| prathama meM jJAna, bhajana, pUjana, zravaNa athavA karmAcaraNa / Adi sAdhanoM dvArA bhagavAn ke sAyujya kI kAmanA kii| jAtI hai / isameM niyama-upaniyama, vidhiniSedha kA paryApta (23) zmazAna jAkara binA snAna kie viSNu ke pAsa sthAna hai| isIlie isako maryAdA sevA kahate haiM / isameM nirbandha athavA unmukta samarpaNa nhiiN| puSTisevA meM prabhu (24) piNyAka bhojana kara viSNa ke pAsa jAnA / ke sammukha vidhi niSedha rahita unmukta samarpaNa hai / yaha sevA (25) viSNu ko varAha mAMsa kA nivedana / sAdhanarUpA nahIM, sAdhyarUpA hai| (26) madya lAkara, pIkara athavA chukara viSNu maMdira sevAparASa-'AcAratattva' meM battIsa prakAra ke sevAparAdha jAnA / batalAye gaye haiN| bhagavAna kI pUjA ke prasaMga meM inakA (27) dUsare ke azuci vastra ko pahanakara viSNu karmAparivarjana Avazyaka hai : caraNa / (1) bhagavadbhaktoM kA kSatriya siddhAnna bhojana / (28) viSNu ko navAnna na arpita kara bhojana karanA / (2) mala-mUtra tyAga, strI sevana ke bAda binA snAna (29) gandha-puSpa die binA dhUpadAna karanA / kie viSNumati ke pAsa jaanaa| (30) upAnaha pahanakara viSNu-maMdira meM praveza / (3) aniSiddha dina meM binA dantadhAvana kie viSNu ke (31) bherI zabda ke binA viSNu kA prabodhana / pAsa phuNcnaa| (32) ajIrNa hone para viSNu kA sparza / jaanaa|

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soma 681 vArAha purANa ke aparAdha-prAyazcitta nAmaka adhyAya meM milAnA / vaidika sAhitya meM isakA vistRta aura sajIva sevAparAdhoM kI lambI sUcI pAyI jAtI hai / varNana upalabdha hai| devatAoM ke lie samarpaNa kA yaha soma-soma vasuvarga ke devatAoM meM haiN| matsyapurANa mukhya padArtha thA aura aneka yajJoM meM isakA bahuvidhi upa(5-21 ) meM ATha vasuoM meM soma kI gaNanA isa prakAra yoga hotA thaa| sabase adhika somarasa pInevAle indra aura vAyu haiN| pUSA Adi ko bhI yadAkadA soma arpita Apo dhruvazca somazca dharazcaivAnilo'nalaH / kiyA jAtA hai| pratyUSazca prabhAsazca vasavo'STau prakIrtitAH / / svargIya soma kI kalpanA candramA ke rUpa meM kI gayI RgvedIya devatAoM meM mahattva kI dRSTi se soma kA hai| chAndogyopaniSad (5.10.4) meM soma rAjA ko sthAna agni tathA indra ke pazcAta tIsarA hai| Rgveda kA devatAoM kA bhojya kahA gayA hai| kauSitaki brAhmaNa sampUrNa navA~ maNDala soma kI stuti se paripUrNa hai| isameM (710) meM soma aura candra ke abheda kI vyAkhyA isa saba milAkara 120 sUktoM meM soma kA guNagAna hai| soma prakAra kI gayI hai : "dRzya candramA hI soma hai / somalatA kI kalpanA do rUpoM meM kI gayI hai-(1) svargIya latA jaba lAyI jAtI hai to candramA usameM praveza karatA hai| kA rasa aura (2) AkAzIya candramA / deva aura mAnava jaba koI soma kharIdatA haiM to isa vicAra se ki "dRzya donoM ko yaha rasa sphUti aura preraNA denevAlA thaa| candra hI soma hai; usI kA rasa perA jaay|" devatA soma pIkara prasanna hote the; indra apanA parAkrama soma kA sambandha amaratva se bhI hai| vaha svayaM amara soma pIkara hI dikhalAte the| kANva RSiyoM ne mAnavoM tathA amaratva pradAna karanevAlA hai / vaha pitaroM se milatA para soma kA prabhAva isa prakAra batalAyA hai : "yaha zarIra hai aura unako amara banAtA hai (R0 8.48.13) / kI rakSA karatA hai, durghaTanA se bacAtA hai; roga dUra karatA hai; kahIM kahIM usako devoM kA pitA kahA gayA hai, jisakA vipattiyoM ko bhagAtA hai; Ananda aura ArAma detA hai; Ayu artha yaha hai ki vaha unako amaratva pradAna karatA hai / bar3hAtA hai; sampatti kA saMvarddhana karatA hai| vidveSoM se bacAtA amaratva kA sambandha naitikatA se bhI hai| vaha vidhi kA hai; zatruoM ke krodha aura dveSa se rakSA karatA hai; ullAsa adhiSThAna aura Rta kI dhArA hai / vaha satya kA mitra hai utpanna karatA hai| uttejita aura prakAzita karatA hai; acche de0 R0997 18.7.104 / soma kA naitika svarUpa usa vicAra utpanna karatA hai; pApa karane vAle ko samRddhi kA samaya adhika nikhara jAtA hai jaba vaha varuNa aura Aditya se anubhava karAtA hai; devatAoM ke krodha ko zAnta karatA hai se saMyukta otA hai : "he soma, tuma rAjA varuNa ke sanAtana aura amara banAtA hai (de0 Rgveda 8.48) / soma vipratva vidhAna ho; tumhArA svabhAva ucca aura gaMbhIra hai; priya aura RSitva kA sahAyaka hai (vahI 3.43.5) mitra ke samAna tuma sarvAGga pavitra ho: tuma aryamA ke soma kI utpatti ke do sthAna hai-(1) svarga aura samAna vandanIya ho / " (R0 1.913) / (2) pArthiva parvata / agni kI bhA~ti soma bhI svarga se vaidika kalpanA ke ina sUtroM ko lekara purANoM meM somapRthvI para AyA / Rgveda (193.6) meM kathana hai: sambandhI bahata sI purA kathAoM kA nirmANa huA / vArAha"mAtarizvA ne tuma meM se eka ko svarga se pRthvI para purANa meM soma kI utpatti kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai : utArA; garutmAn ne dUsare ko meghazilAoM se|" isI ___ "bahmA ke mAnasa putra mahAtapA atri hae jo dakSa ke prakAra (9.61.10) meM kahA gayA hai : "he soma, tumhArA jAmAtA the| dakSa kI satAIsa kanyAyeM thIM; ve hI soma janma ucca sthAnIya hai; tuma svarga meM rahate ho, yadyapi kI patniyA~ huii| unameM rohiNI sabase bar3I thii| soma pRthvI tumhArA svAgata karatI hai| soma kI utpatti kA kevala rohiNI ke sAtha ramaNa karate the, anya ke sAtha pArthiva sthAna mUjavanta parvata (gandhAra-kamboja pradeza) hai| nahIM / auroM ne pitA dakSa ke pAsa Akara soma ke viSaya(Rgveda 10.34.1) / vyavahAra ke sambandha meM nivedana kiyaa| dakSa ne soma ko soma rasa banAne kI prakriyA naidika yajJoM meM bar3e mahattva sama vyavahAra karane ke liye kahA / jaba soma ne aisA kI hai| isakI tIna avathAsyeM hai-peranA. chAnanA aura nahIM kiyA to dakSa ne zApa diyA, "tuma antahita (lupta)

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682 somatIrtha-somavAravrata hae, ho jaao"| dakSa ke zApa se soma kSaya ko prApta huaa| soma ke naSTa hone para deva, manuSya, pazu, vRkSa aura vizeSa kara saba auSadhiyA~ kSINa ho gyiiN|""dev loga cintita hokara viSNu kI zaraNa meM gaye / bhagavAn ne pUchA, 'kaho kyA kareM ?' devatAoM ne kahA, 'dakSa ke zApa se soma naSTa ho gayA / ' viSNu ne kahA ki 'samudra kA manthana kro|' ... "saba ne milakara samudra kA manthana kiyaa| usase soma punaH utpanna huaa| jo yaha kSetrasaMjJaka zreSTha puruSa isa zarIra meM nivAsa karatA hai use soma mAnanA cAhie; vahI dehadhAriyoM kA jIvasaMjJaka hai / vaha parecchA se pRthak saumya mUrti ko dhAraNa karatA hai / deva, manuSya, vRkSa oSadhI sabhI kA soma upajIvya hai / taba rudra ne usako sakala ( kalA sahita ) apane sira meM dhAraNa kiyA / ...." somatIrtha-prabhAsatIthaM kA dUsarA nAma ( somena kRtaM tIrtha somtiirthm)| mahAbhArata (3-83.19) meM isake mAhAtmya kA varNana milatA hai / isa tIrtha meM snAna karane se rAjasUya yajJa karane kA phala prApta hotA hai / vArAha purANa (saukaratIrtha mAhAtmyAdhyAya ) meM isakA vistRta varNana hai| somayAga-jisa yajJa meM somapAna tathA somAhuti pradhAna aGga hotA hai aura jisakA satra tIna varSoM taka calatA rahatA hai use somayAga kahate haiM / brAhmaNa granthoM tathA zrautasUtroM meM isakA vistAra se varNana hai / brahmavaivarta purANa (zrIkRSNajanmakhaNDa, 60-54-58 ) meM isakA varNana isa prakAra hai : sthAna, adhyAya 29 ) meM isakA vistRta varNana hai| yaha latA kazmIra ke pazcimottara hindUkuza kI ora se prApta kI jAtI thii| somavaMza-parANoM ke anusAra soma (candramA ) se utpanna vaMza somavaMza athavA candravaMza kahalAtA hai| candramA ke putra budha aura manu kI putrI ilA ke vivAha se purUravA kA janma huA, jise aila ( ilA se utpanna ) kahate the / isa upanAma ke kAraNa somavaMza ailavaMza bhI kahalAtA hai ! isa vaMza kI Adi rAjadhAnI pratiSThAna (prayAga ke pAsa jhasI thI) garuDa purANa ( adhyAya 143-144 ) tathA anya kaI purANoM meM somavaMza ke rAjAoM kI sUcI pAyI jAtI hai| somavatI amAvasyA-somavAra ke dina par3anevAlI amAvasyA bar3I pavitra mAnI jAtI hai| isa dina loga (vizeSa rUpa se strI varga) pIpala ke vRkSa ke pAsa jAkara viSNu bhagavAna kI pUjA kara vRkSa kI 108 parikramAe~ karate haiN| 'vratArka' grantha ke anusAra yaha vrata bar3e bar3e dharmagranthoM meM varNita nahIM hai, kintu vyavahAra rUpa meM hI isakA pracalana hai / somavAra vrata-prati somavAra ko upavAsapUrvaka sAyaMkAla ziva athavA durgA kA pUjana jisa vrata meM kiyA jAtA hai usako somavAra vrata kahate haiN| skandapurANa ( brahmottarakhaNDa, somavAra vrata mAhAtmya, adhyAya 8) meM isakA vivaraNa milatA hai : somavAre vizeSeNa pradoSAdiguNaryute / kevalaM vApi ye kuryuH somavAre zivArcanam / / na teSAM vidyate kiJcidihAmutra ca durlabham // upoSitaH zucirbhatvA somavAre jitendriyaH / vaidikailaukikavApi vidhivatpUjayecchivam // brahmacArI gRhastho vA kanyA vAvi sabhartakA / vibhartRkA vA saMpUjya labhate varamabhIpsitam / / sAmAnya niyama hai ki zrAvaNa, vaizAkha, kArtika athavA mArgazIrSa mAsa ke prathama somavAra se vrata kA Arambha kiyA jAya / isameM ziva kI pUjA karate hue pUrNa upavAsa athavA nakta vidhi se AhAra karanA caahie| varSakRtya dIpikA meM somavAra vrata tathA udyApana kA vizada varNana milatA hai| Aja bhI zrAvaNa mAsa ke somavAroM ko pavitratama mAnA jAtA hai| brahmahatyAprazamanaM somayAgaphalaM mane / varSa somalatApAnaM yatamAnaH karoti ca / / varSameMkaM phalaM bhuGkte varSamekaM jalaM mudA / traivArSikamidaM yAgaM sarvapApapraNAzanam // yasya vArSikaM dhAnyaM nihitaM bhUtivRddhaye / adhika vApi vidyeta sa somaM pAtumarhati / / mahArAjazca devo vA yAgaM kartumalaM mune / na sarvasAdhyo yajJo'yaM bahvanno bahudakSiNaH // somayAjI-soma yAga kara cukane vAle / somayajJa saMpAdana karane ke pazcAt yajamAna kI yaha upAdhi hotI thii| somalatA-eka oSadhivizeSa / yajJa meM isake rasa kA pAna kiyA jAtA thA aura Ahuti hotI thii| Ayurveda meM bhI yaha bahuta guNakArI mAnI gayI hai| suzruta ( cikitsA-

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somavikrayo-saudAyika 683 somavikrayI-somalatA athavA usake rasa ko becane vaalaa| bhAga meM candana kA pralepa tathA karpUra tathA vAma bhAga meM aisA karanA pApa mAnA jAtA thaa| somavikrayI ko dAna kesara tathA turuSka (lovAna dhUpa) lagAyA jAya / devIjI ke dene vAlA bhI pApI mAnA jAtA hai / de0 manu 3. 180 / zirobhAga para nIlama tathA zivajI ke sira para muktA somavata-(1) yadi mAsa ke kisI bhI pakSa meM somavAra sthApita kiyA jAya / tataH zveta tathA aruNAbha puSpoM se ko aSTamI par3a jAya to vratI ko usa dina ziva kI pUjana honA caahie| sadyojAta nAma se tiloM kA prayoga ArAdhanA karanI caahie| pratimA kA dakSiNa pArzva ziva karate hue homa karanA cAhie / vAmadeva, sadyojAta, aghora, kA tathA vAma pArzva hari tathA candramA kA pratinidhitva tatpuruSa aura IzAna bhagavAn ziva ke pA~ca mukha yA rUpa karatA hai| sarvaprathama zivaliGga ko paJcAmRta se snAna haiM / de0 taittirIya AraNyaka 10.43-47 / karAkara candana tathA kapUra dakSiNa pArzva meM tathA kesara, soroM ( sUkarakSetra athavA vArAhakSetra)-uttara pradeza meM agara, uzIra vAma pArzva meM lagAkara 25 dIpakoM se deva eTA kAsagaMja se nau mIla gaGgAtaTa para soroM tIrtha hai / tathA devI kI nIrAjanA karanI cAhie / tadanantara brAhmaNoM vArAha kSetra ke nAma se bhArata meM kaI sthAna haiN| unameM se ko sapatnIka bulAkara bhojana karAnA caahie| eka varSa- eka sthAna soroM bhI hai| prAcIna samaya meM yaha tIrtha gaGgA paryanta isa vrata kA AcaraNa honA caahie| ke taTa se lagA huA thA / kAlakrama se aba gaGgAdhArA (2) mAgha zakla caturdazI ko upavAsa karake paNimA kucha mIla dUra haTa gayI hai / purAne pravAha kA smAraka eka ke dina zivajI ke Upara eka kambala meM ghI bharakara zikhA ___ laMbA sarovara ghAToM ke kinAre raha gayA hai jise 'bUr3ho kI ora se vedI kI ora TapakAyA jaay| tadanantara eka gaGgA' kahA jAtA hai| isake kinAre aneka ghATa aura jor3I zyAmA gaue~ dAna meM dI jA~ya / rAtri ko gIta mandira bane hue haiN| mukhya mandira meM zvetavArAha kI catuvAdyAdi sahita nRtya kA Ayojana honA caahie| bhuja mUrti hai / soroM kI pavitra parikramA 5 mIla hai| yahA~ (3) mArgazIrSa mAsa athavA caitra mAsa ke prathama purANa prasiddha cAra baToM meM 'gRddhabaTa' nAmaka vRkSa sthita somavAra ko athavA kisI bhI anya somavAra ko jaba hai / usake nIce, baTukanAtha kA mandira hai / 'haripado gaGgA' pUjA kI tIvra lAlasA utpanna ho, zivajI kI pUjA zveta (bUr3hI gaGgA) nAmaka kuNDa meM dUra dUra ke kaI prAntoM se loga puSpoM ( jaise mAlatI, kunda ityAdi ) se karanI caahie| asthivisarjana karane ke lie yahA~ Ate rahate haiN| kucha candana kA pralepa lagAyA jAya / tatpazcAta naivedyArpaNa honA loga ise tulasIdAsajI kI janmabhUmi mAnate haiM ( 'so maiM cAhie / homa bhI vihita hai| somavAra ke dina naktavidhi nija guru sana sunI kathA su sUkara kheta' ke anusAra ) / yahIM aSTachApa ke kavi nandadAsa dvArA sthApita baladeva jI se AhArAdi karane para mahAn puNyaphala prApta hotA hai kA mandira hai| yogamArga nAmaka sthAna tathA sUryakuNDa somAyanavata-eka mAsa taka isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA yahA~ ke vikhyAta tIrtha haiM / de0 'zakara kSetra' / hai / vratI sAta dinoM taka lagAtAra gau ke cAroM stanoM ke / sautrAmaNI-eka prakAra kA vaidika yajJa / isa ke devatA sutrAmA dUdha kA AhAra kara prANa dhAraNa karatA hai / tatpazcAt sAta dinoM taka kevala tIna stanoM ke dUdha ko pIkara tathA punaH (indra) haiM, isa lie yaha sautrAmaNI kahalAtA haiM / yajurveda kI kANvazAkhA ke tIna adhyAyoM (21,22,23) meM isakI sAta dina taka kevala eka stana kA dUdha pIne ke pazcAt prakriyA batalAyI gayI hai| isameM surA kA sandhAna hotA anta meM tIna dinoM taka nirAhAra rahatA hai| isase vratI hai / isa yAga meM brAhmaNa surA pIkara patita nahIM hotaa| ke samasta pApa kSaya ho jAte haiM / de0 mArkaNDeya purANa / somASTamI-yaha tithivrata hai| ziva tathA umA isake sautrAmaNyAM kulAcAre brAhmaNaH prapibet surAm / anyatra kAmataH pItvA patitastu dvijo bhavet // devatA hai / yadi somavAra ke dina navamI ho to ziva tathA umA kA rAtri ko pUjana kiyA jaay| paJcagavya se kAtyAyanasUtrabhASya meM isakA savistara varNana hai| pratimAoM ko snAna karAyA jAya / zivajI kA vAmadeva saudAyika-strIdhana kA eka prakAra / pitA, mAtA, pati ke Adi nAmoM se pUjana karanA caahie| pratimA ke dakSiNa kula, sambandhiyoM se jo dhana strI ko prApta hotA hai use

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684 saubhAgya-saurasampradAya nA saudAyika kahate haiN| kAtyAyana ne isakI paribhASA isa ullekha kara pUjana karanA cAhie / pratimAsa vizeSa prakAra prakAra dI hai : ke puSya pUjA meM prayukta hoN| vratI kama se kama eka phala UDhayA kanyayA vApi patyuH pitagRhe'thavA / kA eka varSa ke lie tyAga kre| vrata ke anta meM paryabhartusakAzAta pitrorvA labdhaM saudAyikaM smRtam / / kopakaraNa tathA anya sajjA kI sAmagrI, suvarNa kI gau isa dhana ke upayoga meM strI svatantra hotI hai : tathA vRSabha kA dAna karanA caahie| isase saubhAgya, saudAyike sadA strINAM svAtantryaM parikIrtitam / svAsthya, saundarya tathA dIrdhAyu prApta hotI hai| vikraye caiva dAne ca yatheSTaM sthAvareSvapi / saubhAgyASTaka-matsyapurANa (60.8-9) ke anusAra ATha saubhAgya--eka vrata kA nAma / vArAhapurANa (saubhAgyavata- vastue~ aisI hai, jinheM saubhAgya sUcaka mAnA jAtA hai :nAmAdhyAya) meM isakA varNana milatA hai| yaha vArSika vrata gannA, pArada, niSpAva (gehU~ kA banA khAdya padArtha hai| phAlguna zukla tRtIyA se isakA Arambha hotA hai| jisameM dugdha tathA ghRta prayukta kiyA gayA ho), ajAjI usa dina nakta vidhi se upavAsa karake lakSmInArAyaNa / (jIrA), dhAnyaka (dhaniyA~), gau kA dadhi, kusumbha tathA athavA unake dUsare svarUpa gaurIzaMkara kA SoDazopacAra lavaNa / kRtyaratnAkara ke anusAra yaha 'tavarAjaH (zakarapUjana karanA caahie| lakSmI-gaurI tathA hari-hara meM abheda kanda) tathA vratarAja ke anusAra 'tarurAjaH' (khajUra kA buddhi rakhakara kisI bhI yugala kI zraddhApUrvaka ArAdhanA vRkSa) hai| padmapurANa (5.24-251) kucha antara se inakA karanI caahie| phira "gambhIrAya subhagAya devadevAya trinetrAya parigaNana karatA hai tathA kahatA hai : tarurAja kusuma vAcaspataye rudrAya svAhA' mantravAkyoM se aMgapUjA karanI (kustumbaru) tathA jIraka (jiiraa)| saubhAgyASTaka ke lie cAhie aura tila, dhRta, madhu se homa karanA caahie| dekhie, bhaviSyottara purANa (25.9) / tadanantara lavaNa aura ghata se rahita bhane hae geha~ bhUmi meM saurasampradAya-sUryapUjA karane vAle sampradAya ko saura sampradAya rakhakara khAne caahie| pUjana-vrata kI yaha vidhi cAra kahate haiN| trimUrtiyoM-(1) brahmA (2) viSNu aura (3) mAsa taka calatI hai| isakA pAraNa karane ke bAda punaH ziva-ko AdhAra mAnakara tIna mukhya sampradAyoM, brAhma, ASADha zukla tRtIyA tathA kArtika zukla tRtIyA se vaiSNava aura zaiva kA vikAsa huaa| punaH upasampradAyoM kA cAra-cAra mAsa kA yahI krama calatA hai| inake madhya vikAsa hone lgaa| vaiSNava sampradAya kA hI eka upaprathama jau, pazcAt sA~vA anna khAyA jAtA hai| mAgha sampradAya saura sampradAya thaa| viSNu aura sUra (sUrya) donoM zukla tRtIyA ko vrata kA udyApana hotA hai / isake phala- hI Aditya varga ke devatA hai| sUryopAsaka sampradAya ke svarUpa sAta janmoM taka akhaNDa saubhAgya milatA hai| rUpa meM kaI sthAnoM meM isakA ullekha huA hai| mahAsaubhAgyazayanavrata-caitra zukla tRtIyA ko gaurI tathA ziva nirvANa tantra (1140) meM anya sampradAyoM ke sAtha isakI kI pratimAoM kA (prasiddha hai ki caitra zukla tRtIyA ko gaNanA huI hai : hI gaurI kA zivajI ke sAtha vivAha huA thA) paJcagavya zAktAH zevAH vaiSNavAzca saurA gANapatAstathA / tathA sugandhita jala se snAna karAkara pUjana karanA viprA vipretarAzcaiva sarve 'pyatrAdhikAriNaH / caahie| bhagavatI zivA tathA bhUtabhAvana zaGkara kI prati- isa sampradAya ke guru madhyama zreNI ke mAne jAte the : mAoM ko caraNoM se prArambha kara mastaka tathA kezoM ko gauDAH zAlvodbhavAH saurA mAgadhAH keralAstathA / praNAmAJjali denI caahie| pratimAoM ke sammukha kauzalAzca dazANazci guravaH sapta madhyamAH / / saubhAgyASTaka sthApita kiyA jaay| dvitIya divasa prAtaH isa sampradAya kA udgama atyanta prAcIna hai / Rgveda suvarNa kI pratimAoM kA dAna kara diyA jAya / eka varSa- se prakaTa hai ki usa yuga meM sUrya kI pUjA kaI rUpoM meM paryanta prati tRtIyA ko isI vidhi kI AvRtti kI hotI thii| vaha Aja bhI kisI na kisI rUpa meM vartamAna jAya / pratimAsa bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke naivedya, bhojyAdi hai| vaidika prArthanAoM meM gAyatrI (sAvitrI) kI pradhAnatA padArtha, bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke mantroM kA uccAraNa tathA thii| Aja bhI nitya sandhyA-vandana meM usakA sthAna caitra se hI bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke devIjI nAmoM kA surakSita hai| parantu sampradAya ke rUpa meM isakA prathama

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ullekha mahAbhArata meM pAyA jAtA hai| jaba yudhiSThira kathA dI huI hai| isakA ullekha alabIrUnI (1030 I0) prAtaH kAla apane zayana-kakSa se nikale to eka sahasra bhI karatA hai| agnipurANa (adhyAya 51,73,99) tathA sUryopAsaka brAhmaNa unake sAmane Aye / ina brAhmaNoM ke garuDapurANa ( adhyAya 7,16,17,39 ) meM sUryamUrtiyoM ATha sahasra anuyAyI the (de0 mahAbhArata 7.82.14-16) / tathA sUryapUjA kA vivecana pAyA jAtA hai| isa sampradAya ke dhArmika siddhAnta mahAbhArata, rAmAyaNa, madhyayuga meM uttarottara vaiSNava aura zaiva sampradAyoM ke mArkaNDeya purANa Adi meM pAye jAte haiN| inake anusAra vikAsa aura vaiSNava sampradAya dvArA Aditya varga ke / sUrya sanAtana brahma, paramAtmA, svayambhU, aja, sarvAtmA, devatAoM ko AtmasAt karane kI pravRtti ke kAraNa dhIresabakA mUla kAraNa aura saMsAra kA udgama hai / mokSa kI dhIre saura sampradAya kA hrAsa hone lgaa| phira bhI kRSNakAmanA karane vAle tapasvI usakI upAsanA karate haiN| mizra viracita prabodhacandrodaya nATaka meM saura sampradAya vaha vedasvarUpa aura sarvadevamaya hai| vaha brahmA, viSNu kA ullekha Adara ke sAtha kiyA gayA hai| isakA etaaura ziva kA bhI prabhu hai / yaha sampadAya dArzanika dRSTi tkAlIna sAhitya upalabdha nahIM hotaa| brahmapurANa se advaitavAdI paramparA kA bhaktimArga hai| (adhyAya 21-28) meM saura dharmavijJAna ke kucha aMzoM kA __ Age calakara viSNupurANa aura bhaviSyapurANa meM vivecana tathA utkala-auDra tathA koNDArka meM sUrya mandira sUryapUjA kA jo rUpa milatA hai, usameM IrAna kI mitra- kA mAhAtmya pAyA jAtA hai| baMgalA bhASA meM sUryadeva pUjA (mithrapUjA) kA mizraNa hai / prAcIna bhArata aura IrAna kI stutiyA~ likhI gayIM, jinakA prakAzana zrI dinezacandra donoM dezoM meM sUryapUjA pracalita thii| ataH yaha sAmya sena ne kiyA (epigrAphiyA iMDikA, 2.338) / gayA aura sammizraNa svAbhAvika thaa| phira bhI saurasampradAya jile ke govindapura grAma meM prApta abhilekha (1137 I0) mUlataH bhAratIya hai, isameM kucha bhI sandeha nahIM (de0 sUrya ke racayitA kavi gaGgAdhara ne sUrya kI sundara prazasti aura (suurypuujaa)| likhI hai| pA~cavIM zatI se lekara dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatI taka saura skanda-zaiva parivAra ke eka devatA / ye ziva ke putra hai| sampradAya, uttara bhArata meM vizeSakara, sazakta rUpa meM skanda kArtikeya kA paryAya hai| 'skanda' zabda kA artha pracalita thaa| kaI sUryamandiroM kA nirmANa huA aura hai uchalakara calane vAlA, athavA daityoM kA zoSaNa karane kaI rAjavaMza sUryopAsaka the| sUryamandiroM ke pujArI vAlA (skandate utplu gacchati skandati zoSayati bhojaka, maga aura zAkadvIpIya brAhmaNa hote the| isa detyAn vaa)| skanda kA dUsarA prasiddha nAma kumAra hai / sampradAya kA etatkAlIna sarvaprasiddha grantha saurasaMhitA kAlidAsa ke kumArasaMbhava, mahAbhArata, vAmana purANa, thaa| isameM sAmpradAyika karmakANDa kA vistRta vidhAna kAlikA purANa Adi meM skanda ke janma, kArya, mUrti, hai| isakI hastalipi nepAla meM pAyI gayI thI jisakA sampradAya Adi kA vivaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| kAla 941 I0 (1008 vi0) hai| parantu grantha nizcaya skanda devasenA ke netA hai| eka mata meM ve sanAtana hI pUrvavartI hai| dUsarA prasiddha graMtha sUryazataka hai| isakA brahmacArI rahane ke kAraNa kumAra kahalAte haiN| parantu racayitA bANa kA samakAlIna harSa kA rAjakavi mayUra AlaMkArika rUpa se devasenA hI unakI patnI thii| devthaa| isakA kAla saptama zatI I0 kA pUrvArddha thaa| sUrya- senA kA netRtva hI unake prAdurbhAva kA uddezya thaa| zataka meM sUrya kI jo kalpanA hai vaha pUrvavartI kalpanA se ve kahIM-kahIM ziva ke avatAra kahe gaye haiN| unhoMne milatI julatI hai| sUrya hI mokSa kA udgama hai, isa para saMsAra ko vitADita karanevAle tAraka kA saMhAra kiyaa| bahuta bala diyA gayA hai / bANa ne harSacarita ke prAramma me skanda kI mUrti kumArAvasthA kI hI nirmita hotI sUrya kI bandanA kI hai / bhaktAmarastotra ke racayitA jaina kavi hai| usake eka athavA cha: zira hote haiM aura isI krama mAnatuGga ne bho sUrya kI atiraJjita stuti kI hai| isI se do athavA bAraha hAtha / skanda kA vastra rakta varNa kA kAla meM utkala meM sAmbapurANa nAmaka grantha likhA gayA / hotA hai| unake hAthoM meM dhanuSa-bANa, khaDga, zakti, vajra isameM sAmba aura unake dvArA nimaMtrita maga brAhmaNoM kI aura parazu hote haiN| unakA zakti (bhAlA) amogha hotA

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skandapurANa hai / vaha zatra kA vadhakara phira vApasa A jAtA hai / unakA vAhana mayUra hai, unakA lAMchana (dhvajacihna) murgA hai / dhvaja agnipradatta tathA pralayAgni ke samAna lAla hai, jo unake ratha ke Upara prajvalita rUpa meM phaharAtA hai| skanda kA sampradAya bahuta prAcIna hai| pataJjali ke mahAbhASya meM skanda kI mUrtiyoM kA ullekha hai| katipaya kuSANa mudrAoM para unakA nAma aMkita hai / guptakAla meM, vizeSakara, uttara bhArata meM, skanda pUjA kA bahuta pracAra thaa| skanda cAlukya vaMza ke iSTadeva the| Ajakala uttara bhArata meM skanda pUjA kA pracAra kama aura dakSiNa bhArata meM adhika hai| kumAra (brahmacArI) hone ke kAraNa striyA~ unakI pUjA nahIM karatIM / sudUra dakSiNa ke kaI devatAoM murugana (bAlaka), velana (zaktidhara), zeyyAna (raktavarNa) Adi se skanda kA abheda sthApita kiyA gayA hai| bhArata meM kaI nAmoM se skanda abhihita hote haiM-kumAra, kArtikeya, guha, rudrasunu, subrahmaNya (brAhmaNatva kI rakSA karane vAle), mahAsena, senApati, siddhasena, zaktidhara, gaGgAputra, zarabhU, tArakajit, SaDmukha, SaDAnana, pAvaki Adi / yogamArga kI sAdhanA meM skanda pavitra zakti ke pratIka haiM / tapasyA aura brahmacarya ke dvArA jisa zakti (vIrya) kA saMrakSaNa hotA hai vahI skanda aura kumAra hai| yoga meM jaba taka pUrNa saMyama nahIM hotA taba taka zakti (-kumAra) kA janma nahIM hotA / sRSTi vijJAna meM skanda sUrya kI vaha zakti hai jo vAyumaNDala ke Upara sthita hotI hai aura jisase saMvatsarAgni (varSa utpanna karanevAlI agni) kA udaya hotA hai| skanda kA prathama ullekha maitrAyaNI saMhitA meM milatA hai / chAndogyopaniSad meM skanda ko sanatkumAra se abhinna mAnA gayA hai / gRhyasUtroM meM bhI skanda kA ullekha unake ghora rUpa meM hai / mahAbhArata aura zivapurANa meM jo kathA skanda kI pAyI jAtI hai vahI kAlidAsa dvArA kumArasaMbhava meM lalita rUpa meM kahI gayI hai / tantroM meM bhI skanda pUjA kA vidhAna hai| skandapurANa skanda ke nAma se hI prasiddha hai, jo sabase bar3A purANa hai| skanda ke upadeza isameM varNita haiN| skanda purANa-kArtikeya athavA skanda ne isa purANa meM zivatattva kA vivecana kiyA hai| isIlie isako 'skanda purANa' kahate hai / AkAra meM yaha sabase bar3A purANa hai| isameM chaH saMhitAyeM (sUta saMhitA, 20.12 ke anusAra), sAta khaNDa (nArada purANa ke anusAra) aura 81000 zloka haiN| isameM nimnAMkita saMhitAyeM haiM : 1. sanatkumAra saMhitA (36000 zloka) 2. sUta saMhitA (6000 zloka) 3. zaGkara saMhitA (30000 zloka) 4. vaiSNava saMhitA (5000 zloka) 5. brAhma saMhitA (3000 zloka) 6. saura saMhitA (1000 zloka) saMhitAoM meM kevala tIna hI isa samaya upalabdha hai(1) sanatkumAra saMhitA, (2) sUta saMhitA (3) zaGkarasaMhitA / zaiva upAsanA kI dRSTi se sUta saMhitA kA bar3A mahattva hai| isameM vaidika tathA tAntrika donoM prakAra kI pUjAoM kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai| isa para mAdhavAcArya kI 'tAtparyadIpikA' nAmaka eka vizada vyAkhyA hai / isa saMhitA ke cAra khaNDa hai-(1) ziva mAhAtmya, (2) jJAnayoga khaNDa, (3) muktikhaNDa aura (4) yajJavaibhava khaNDa / aMtima khaNDa sabase bar3A hai| usake do bhAga haiM-pUrvabhAga aura uttara bhAga / yaha khaNDa dArzanika dRSTi se bhI mahattva kA hai| isake uttara bhAga meM do gItAyeM sammilita hai-brahma gItA aura sUta gItA / inakA viSaya bhI dArzanika hai| isameM yaha siddhAnta pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai ki mukti aura bhakti saba kucha ziva ke prasAda se hI saMbhava hai / zaGkara saMhitA kaI bhAgoM meM vibhakta hai / isake prathama khaNDa ko 'zivarahasya' kahate haiN| isameM sAta kANDa aura 13000 zloka hai| isake sAta kANDa isa prakAra haiM-(1) saMbhava kANDa (2) Asura kANDa (3) mAhendrakANDa (4) yuddha kANDa (5) devakANDa (6) dakSakANDa aura (7) upadeza kANDa / sanatkumAra saMhitA meM kevala bAIsa adhyAya haiM / skandapurANa ke khaNDoM kA vivaraNa nimnAMkita hai : 1. mAhezvara khaNDa ke do upakhaNDa haiM-kedAra khaNDa aura kumArikA khaNDa / ina donoM meM ziva-pArvatI kI lIlAoM evaM tIrtha vrata, parvata Adi ke sundara varNana hai| 2. vaiSNava khaNDa ke antargata utkala khaNDa hai jisameM jagannAtha jI ke mandira kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai|

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skandaSaSThI stuti 3. brahmakhaNDa ke do upavibhAga haiM - ( 1 ) brahmAsya khaNDa aura (2) brahmottara khaNDa / isake dUsare upavibhAga meM ujjayinI aura mahAkAla kA varNana hai| 4. kAzIkhaNDa meM kAzI kI mahimA tathA zaivadharma kA varNana hai / 5. (ka) revAkhaNDa meM narmadA kI utpatti aura isake taTavartI tIrthoM kA varNana hai| isI ke antargata satyanArAyaNa vrata kathA bhI mAnI jAtI hai / 5. (kha) avantIkhaNDa meM ujjayinI meM sthita vibhinna zivaliGgoM kA varNana hai / / 6. tApIkhaNDa meM tApInadI ke taTavartI tIrthoM kA varNana hai / isake SaSTha upakhaNDa kA nAma nAgarakhaNDa hai / isake tIna pariccheda haiM- ( 1 ) vizvakarmA upAkhyAna (2) vizvakarmA vaMzAkhyAna aura (3) hATakezvara mAhAtmya | tIsare khaNDa meM nAgara brAhmaNoM kI utpatti kA varNana hai / 7. prabhAsa khaNDa meM prabhAsa kSetra kA savistara varNana hai / 'sahyAdrikhaMDa' Adi isake prakIrNa katipaya aMza aura bhI pracalita haiM / skandaSaSThI - Azvina zukla pakSa kI paSThI ko skandaSaSThI kahA jAtA hai| paJcamI ke dina upavAsa rakhate hue SaSThI ke dina kumAra ( svAmI kArtikeya ) kI pUjA kI jAtI hai / 'nirNayAmRta' ke anusAra dakSiNApatha meM bhAdra zukla SaSThI ko svAmI kArtikeya kI pratimA kA darzana kara lene se brahmahatyA jaise mahAn pAtakoM se mukti mila jAtI hai| tamilanADu meM skandaSaSThI atyanta mahatvapUrNa hai, jaisA ki saura vRzcika mAsa ( kArtika zukla 6) meM pacAGgoM meM ullikhita rahatA hai tathA jo devAlayoM evaM gRhoM meM samArohapUrvaka manAyA jAtA hai| hemAdri 'caturvarga cintAmaNi' (622) meM brahmapurANa se kucha zloka u karate uddhRta hue batalAte haiM ki amAvasyA ke dina agni se skamya kI utpatti huI thI tathA ve caitra zukla 6 ko prakaTa hue the aura tatpazcAt unheM samasta devoM kA senAdhyakSa banAyA gayA aura unhoMne tAraka nAmaka rAkSasa kA badha kiyA / ataeva dIpoM ko prajjvalita karake vastroM se sAjasajjAoM se tAmracUDa ( krIDana sAmagrI ke rUpa meM ) ityAdi se unakI pUjA kI jAya athavA zukla pakSa kI samasta SaSThiyoM ko baccoM ke susvAsthya kI kAmanA vAle skanda jI kA pUjana honA caahie| 687 - skandaSaSThI vrata kArtika zukla SaSThI ko phalAhAra karate hue dakSiNAbhimukha hokara svAmI kArtikeya ko adhyaM pradAna karake unheM dahI, ghI, jala mantra bolakara samarpita kiye jAte haiN| vratI ko rAtri ke samaya khAlI bhUmi para bhojana rakhakara use grahaNa karanA caahie| isase use saphalatA, samRddhi, dIrghAyu, susvAsthya tathA khoyA huA rAjya prApta hotA hai| vratI ko paSThI ke dina ( kRSNa athavA zukla pakSa kI ) taila sevana nahIM karanA cAhie / paMcamI vidvA skandapaSThI ko prAthamikatA denI caahie| 'gadAdhara paddhati' ke kAlasAra bhAga (83-84) ke anusAra caitra kRSNa pakSa meM skandaSaSThI honI cAhie / stambhana - abhicAra karma dvArA kisI vyakti ke jaTIkaraNa ko stambhana kahA jAtA hai / yaha SaTkarmAntargata eka abhicAra karma hai / phetkAriNItantra ( paJcama paTala ) meM isakA varNana isa prakAra haiM / "ulUkakAkayoH pakSau gRhItvA mantravittamaH / AlirUpa meM zarAve nizAyAJca sAdhyAkSarasaMpuTitam // mantra sthApitavanaM ( kRtaprANapratiSTham ) sahasrajaptaM catuSpathe nikhanet / bhavitA jagatAJja nAtra sandehaH // stambhanametadavazyaM kRtvA pratikRtimathavA samyaga viSThitapavanAM vasanAdhiSThitapavanAM dagdhaM kRtvA nikhanet mazAnadezeH asyaNa (pUrvakhaNDa 186. stambhana kA vidhAna varNita hai : smazAnAGgAraca sanajAm / hadgatanAmnIM samantralalATam / / sahasrajatAM tadulyA basanAm / sapadi vAstambhaH // 11-18) meM agni mAjUrasya rasaM gRhya jalaukA tatra peSayet / hastau tu lepayettena agnistambhanamuttamam // zAlmalI rasamAdAya kharamUtre nidhAya tam / agtyAgAre kSipetena agnistambhanamuttamam // vAyasImuda gRhya maNDUkavasayA saha / guDikAM kArayettena tatonI prakSipevasI // evametatprayogeNa agnistambhanamuttamam // raktapATalamUlaMtu avaSTabdhaJca mUlakaiH / divyaM stambhayate kSipraM payaM piNDaM jalAntakam // muNDIkavacAkuSThaM marIcaM nAgaraM tathA / cavitvA ca imaM sadyo jihvA jvalanaM lihet // stuti - ( 1 ) pUjApaddhati kA eka aMga / isakA artha hai stava athavA prazaMsAgAna / isameM devatAoM ke guNoM kA

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688 varNana hotA hai aura unase stutikartA ke athavA saMsAra ke kalyANa kI kAmanA kI jAtI hai / (2) durgA kA eka paryAya | devIpurANa ( adhyAya 45 ) ke anusAra durgA ke nimnAMkita nAma haiM: / stuti siddhiritikhyAtA zrayAH saMzrayAzca sA / lakSmIryA lalanA vApi kramAt sA kAntirucyate // stotA vedamantra stutipAThaka thA stavakartA Rgveda ( 8. 44-18) meM kathana hai: "stotA syAM tava zarmaNi / " nighaNTu ( 3. 13) meM isake teraha paryAya pAye jAte haiM / stotra - stuti karane kI pacanAvalI matsyapurANa (adhyAya 121) meM isake cAra prakAra batalAye gaye haiM : Rco yajUMSi sAmAni tathAvat pratidaivatam / vidhihotra tathA stoSa pUrvavat sampravartate // dravyasto karmastotra vidhistotraM tathaiva ca / tathaivAbhijanastotra' stotrametaccatuSTayam // stoma - sAma ( gAna ) ke antargata gIta aura AlApa ke pUraka evaM artharahita akSaroM ko stoma kahate haiM / chAndojJopanid brAhmaNa ( prathama prapAThaka ) meM isake trayodaza bheda batalAye gaye haiN| strIdhana - hindU parivAra ke pitRsattAtmaka hone ke kAraNa dharmazAstra ke anusAra puruSa kulapati ke marane para uttarAdhikAra parivAra ke puruSa sadasyoM ko prApta hotA thA / unake abhAva meM hI strI uttarAdhikAriNI hotI thii| isa avasthA meM bhI usakA uttarAdhikAra bAdhita thaa| vaha sampatti kA kevala upayoga kara sakatI thI; vaha use beMca athavA parivAra se alaga nahIM kara sakatI thI / usake marane para punaH puruSa ko adhikAra mila jAtA thaa| yaha eka prakAra se sampatti ke uttarAdhikAra kA mAdhyama mAtra thI / parantu pArivArika sampatti ko chor3akara usake pAsa eka anya prakAra kI sampatti hotI thI jisa para usakA pUrA adhikAra thaa| vaha parivAra kI paitRka sampatti se bhinna thI / usako strIdhana kahate the / nArada ke anusAra strIdhana chaH prakAra kA hotA hai : adhyagnyabhyAvAhanikaM bhartRdAyaM tathaiva ca / bhAtRdattaM pitRbhyAJca SaDvidhaM strIdhanaM smRtam // [ vivAha ke samaya prApta, vidAI ke samaya prApta, pati se prApta bhAI dvArA diyA huA, mAtA aura pitA se diyA huA; yaha chaH prakAra kA strIdhana kahalAtA hai / ] dUsare 1 stotA - strIdhana srotoM se dhanasaMgraha karane meM strI ke Upara pratibandha lagA huA hai / kAtyAyana kA kathana hai : prAptaM zilpaistu yadvittaM prItyA caiva yadanyataH / bhartRH svAmyaM bhavettatra zeSaMtu strIpanaM smRtam // [ jo dhana zilpa se prApta hotA hai athavA dUsare premopahAra meM prApta hotA hai usake Upara pati kA adhikAra hotA hai; zeSa ko strIdhana kahate haiM ] kAma kara ke kamAyA huA dhana parivAra ke anya sadasyoM kI kamAI kI bhA~ti parivAra kI sampatti hotA hai, jisakA prabandhaka pati hai / striyoM ko apane sambandhiyoM ke atirikta anya se preopahAra grahaNa karane meM protsAhana nahIM diyA jAtA hai / kAraNa spaSTa hai / mitAkSarA (adhyAya 2) ne strIdhana kA prayoga sAmAnya artha meM kiyA hai aura sabhI prakAra ke strIdhana para strI kA adhikAra svIkAra kiyA hai| dAyabhAga (adhyAya 4) meM strIdhana usI ko mAnA gayA hai jisa para strI ko dAna dene, becane kA aura pUrNarUpa se upayoga ( pati se svatantra ) karane kA adhikAra ho / parantu saudAyika (sambandhiyoM se premapUrvaka prApta) para strI kA pUrA adhikAra mAnA gayA hai / kAtyAyana kA kathana hai : UDhayA kanyayA vApi patyuH pitRgRhe'thavA / bhartuH sakAzAt pitrorvA labdhaM saudAyikaM smRtam // saudAyikaM dhanaM prApya strINAM svAtantramiSyate / yasmAttavAnRzaMsyArtha tairvataM tat prajIvanam // saudAyike sadA strINAM svAtantryaM parikIrtitam / vikraye caiva dAne ca yatheSTaM svAvareSvapi // kintu nArada ne sthAvara para pratibandha lagAyA hai bhartrA prItena hataM striyaM tasminmRte'pi tat / sA yathA kAmamaznIyAdacAhA svAvarAdRte / / [ jo dhana prItipUrvaka pati dvArA strI ko diyA jAtA hai usa dhana ko pati ke marane para bhI strI icchAnusAra upabhoga meM lA sakatI hai, acala sampatti ko chor3a kara / ] kAtyAyana ke anusAra kinhIM paristhitiyoM meM, strI strIdhana se vaJcita kI jA sakatI hai apakAra kriyAyuktA nirlajjA cArthanAzinI / vyabhicAraratA yA ca strIdhanaM na ca sArhati // [ apakAra kriyA meM rata nilajjA, artha kA nAza karanevAlI, vyabhicAriNI strI strIdhana kI adhikAriNI nahIM hotI / ] sAmAnya sthiti meM pati Adi sambandhiyoM kA

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strIputrakAmAvAptinata-sthANutIrtha 689 strIdhana ke upayoga meM adhikAra nahIM hotaa| vipatti Adi meM upayoga ho sakatA hai : na bhartA naiva ca suto na pitA bhrAtaro na ca / AdAne vA visarga vA strIdhanaM prabhaviSNavaH // kAtyAyana durbhikSe dharmakAyeM vA vyAdhau saMpratirodhake / gahItaM strIdhanaM bhartA nAkAmI dAtumarhati / / yAjJavalkya mata strI ke strIdhana para kisakA adhikAra hogA, isa para bhI dharmazAstra meM vicAra huA hai : sAmAnyaM putrakanyAnAM mRtAyAM strIdhanaM viduH / aprajAyAM haredbhartA mAtA bhrAtA pitApi vA ||-devl putra ke abhAva meM duhitA aura duhitA ke abhAva meM dauhitra ko strIdhana prApta hotA hai : putrAbhAve tu duhitA tulyasantAnadarzanAt / -nArada dauhitro'pi hyamutranaM saMtArayati pautravat / -manu gautama ke anusAra strIdhana adattA (jisakA vAgdAna na huA ho), apratiSThitA (jisakA vAgdAna huA ho parantu vivAha na huA ho) athavA vivAhitA kanyA ko milanA caahie| mAtA kA yautuka (vivAha ke samaya prApta dhana) to nizcita rUpa se kumArI (kanyA) ko milanA cAhie (manu) / niHsantAna strI ke marane para usake strIdhana kA uttarAdhikAra usake vivAha ke prakAra ke AdhAra para nizcita hotA thA / prathama cAra prakAra ke prazasta vivAhoMbrAhma, daiva, ArSa tathA prAjApatya--meM strIdhana pati athavA patikula ko prApta hotA thaa| antima cAra aprazastaAsura, gAndharva, rAkSasa evaM pezAca meM pitA athavA pitakula ko strIdhana lauTa jAtA thaa| strIputrakAmAvAptivata-yaha mAsa vrata hai| sUrya isake devatA haiN| jo striyA~ kArtika mAsa meM ekabhakta paddhati se AhAra karatI huI ahiMsA Adi niyamoM kA pAlana karatI haiM tathA gur3amizrita ubale hue cAvaloM kA naivedya arpaNa karatI haiM evaM SaSThI yA saptamI ko mAsa ke donoM pakSoM meM upavAsa karatI haiM ve sIdhI sUryaloka sidhAratI haiN| jaba ||nn hAna para mRtyuloka meM loTatI hai to rAjA athavA abhISTa puruSa ko pati rUpa meM prApta karatI haiN| strIpuMdharma-strI aura puruSa ke pArasparika vyavahAra ko strIpuMdharma kahate haiN| aSTAdaza vivAdoM (mukadamoM) meM se eka vivAda kA nAma bhI strIpuMdharma hai (manu adhyAya 8) / isakA pUrA vivaraNa manusmRti ke navama adhyAya meM pAyA jAtA hai| sthaNDila-yajJa ke lie pariSkRta bhUmi para banA huA U~cA cbuutraa| jahA~ binA kisI bAdhA ke baiThA jA sake vaha sthAna sthaNDila hai| isake banAne kA tithyAditattva meM nimnAMkita vidhAna hai : nityaM naimittike kAmyaM sthaNDile vA samAcaret / hastamAtraM tu tatkuryAt caturatnaM samantataH / / | nitya, naimittika athavA kAmya koI bhI karma ho sthaNDila para hI karanA caahie| isakA parimANa caukora eka hastamAtra hai| ] sthapati-yajJamaMDapa, bhavana, devAgAra, rAjaprAsAda, sabhA, setu Adi kA nirmAtA / isako bRhaspatisava nAmaka yajJa karane kA adhikAra hotA hai| matsyapurANa (215. 39) meM isakA lakSaNa nimnAMkita hai : vAstuvidyAvidhAnajJo laghuhasto jitazramaH / dIrghadarzI ca zUrazca sthapatiH parikIrtitaH / / [vAstuvidyAvidhAna kA jJAtA, hastakalA meM kuzala, kabhI na thakane vAlA, dIrghadarzI tathA zUra ko sthapati kahA jAtA hai| ] sthANu-ziva kA eka paryAya / isakA artha hai jo sthira rUpa se vartamAna hai| vAmanapurANa (adhyAya 46) meM purAkathA ke rUpa meM isakA kAraNa batalAyA gayA hai : samuttiSThan jalAttasmAt prajAstAH sRSTavAnaham / tato'haM tAH prajA dRSTvA rahitA eva tejasA / / krodhena mahatA yukto liGgamutpAdya cAkSipam / utkSiptaM saraso madhye Urdhvameva yadA sthitam / tadA prabhRti lokeSu sthANurityeva vizrutam // [ maiMne jala se uThakara una prajAoM kI utpatti kI / isake pazcAt dekhA ki ve teja se rahita haiN| taba mahAn krodha se yukta hokara maiMne zivaliGga kI sRSTi kI aura use jala meM pheMka diyaa| vaha utkSipta liGga jala ke bIca meM Urdhva (Upara uThA huA) sthita ho gayA taba se loka meM vaha sthANu nAma se prasiddha hai|] sthANu tIrtha-kurukSetra ke samIpa ambAlA se 27 mIla para sthita eka zaiva tIrtha / aba yaha thAnezvara kahalAtA hai| isake nikaTa sAnnihatya sarovara thaa| isakA mAhAtmya vAmanapurANa (adhyAya 43) meM diyA huA hai : 87

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690 sthANvIzvara-snAtaka etat sannihitaM proktaM saraH puNyapradaM mahat / saSTi kAla meM jisa prakAra brahmAjI kI brahmANDasthAliGgasya mAhAtmyaM brahman me'vahitaH zRNu / / vyApinI zakti pralayAndhakAra paripUrNa jIvoM kI sRSTiacetanaH sacetA vA ajJo vA prAjJa eva vaa| prakAza kI ora AkarSita karatI hai, usI prakAra sthiti liGgasya darzanAdeva mucyate sarvapAtakaH // kAla meM bhagavAn viSNu kI vyApikA zakti prajApatisRSTa puSkarAdIni tIrthAni samudracaraNAni ca / prajA kI sthiti aura rakSA karatI hai| isI prakAra bhagavAn sthANatIrthe sameSyanti madhyaM prApte divAkare // rudra kI vyApaka zakti saSTikAla se hI kAryakAriNI tatra sthAsyati yo brahman mAJca stoSyati bhaktitaH / hokara samasta jar3a-cetanAtmaka vizva ko mahApralaya kI tasyAhaM sulabho nityaM bhaviSyAmi na saMzayaH // ora AkarSita karatI hai| ina zaktiyoM kI vyApakatA ke sthANvIzvara-kurubhUmi meM ambAlA ke nikaTa zaMkarajI kI kAraNa inakI kriyA eka sUkSma aNu se lekara devatAparyanta pramukha mUrti / pahale yahA~ sarasvatI nadI bahatI thii| saMprati vistRta rahatI hai| jo AkarSaNa zakti sRSTi kAla meM yaha sthala thAnezvara kahalAtA hai / bANabhaTTa ne harSacarita meM pratyeka paramANu ke andara dvayaNuka trasareNu Adi utpanna isakA varNana kiyA hai| bAmanapurANa (adhyAya 42) meM karatI hai yaha saba brAhmI vyApaka zakti kI hI kriyAisakA mAhAtmya pAyA jAtA hai| kAritA hai| koI bhI jIva apanI rakSA ke lie yadi sthAlIpAka-yajJArtha sthAlI (baTaloI) meM pakAyA huA caru kisI prakAra kI pratikriyA karatA hai to yaha vaiSNavI athavA khIra / aSTakAzrAddha meM athavA anya pazayAgoM meM zakti kI vyApakatA kA pariNAma hai; jisase use rakSA sthAlIpAka pazu kA pratinidhi hotA thaa| gobhila ne paza karane kI preraNA prApta hotI hai| isI prakAra roga zokAdi ke vikalpa meM sthAlIpAka kA vidhAna kiyA hai : dvArA jaba jIva apane isa pAJcabhautika deha kA parityAga ___ "api vA sthAlIpAkaM kurvIta" / karatA hai to yaha raudrI zakti kA pariNAma hai jo sarvatra vyApta rahane ke kAraNa apanA kArya karatI rahatI hai / sthitaprajJa-jisa puruSa kI prajJA pratiSThita hotI hai use sthitaprajJa kahate haiN| bhagavadgItA (adhyAya 2, zloka isa prakAra ina tInoM zaktiyoM ke adhiSThAtA brahmA, 55-56) meM sthitaprajJa kI paribhASA dI huI hai : viSNu aura rudra deva haiM / ataeva spaSTa hai ki sRSTi kI sthiti meM mUla kAraNabhUta satvaguNa viziSTa vaiSNavI zakti prajahAti yadA kAmAn sarvAna pArtha manogatAna / kAryanirata rahakara saMsAra ke sthitisthApakatva kArya AtmanyevAtmanA tuSTaH sthitaprajJastadocyate / / ko pUrNa karatI hai| duHkheSvanudvignamanAH sukheSu vigataspRhaH / vItarAgabhayakrodhaH sthitadhImunirucyate // snAta-snAna kiyA haa| dhArmika kRtya karane ke pUrva [he pArtha ! jaba puruSa sabhI manogata bhAvoM ko tyAga snAna karanA Avazyaka hai| prAyaH pratyeka dharma meM jala detA haiM aura apane AtmA meM apane Apa saMtuSTa rahatA hai pavitra karane vAlA mAnA gayA hai / 'prAyazcitta tattva' meM taba usako sthitaprajJa kahate haiM / jisakA mana duHkhoM meM snAna kI dhArmika anivAryatA isa prakAra batalAyI anudvigna nahIM hotA, jo sukhoM meM kAmanA se rahita hotA gayo hai : hai, jisake rAga, bhaya aura krodha naSTa ho cuke haiM usako snAto'dhikArI bhavati daive paitra ca karmaNi / sthitadhI (sthitaprajJa) muni kahate haiM / ] asnAtasya kriyA sarvA bhavanti hi yato'phalA / / sthititattva-prakRti ke pariNAmasvarUpa saSTi hone ke prAtaH samAcaretsnAnamato nityamatandritaH / / anantara usa saSTi kI eka kAla siimaa| prANatattva kI [ manuSya daiva aura paitra (pitara sambandhI) karma meM snAna AkarSaNa aura vikarSaNAtmaka do zaktiyA~ / prathama rAgAtmikA kiye binA sampUrNa kriyAe~ niSphala hotI hai isalie Alasya zakti hai, jo kAmazakti meM pariNata hokara jIvasRSTi kA chor3akara nitya prAtaH snAna vidhivat karanA caahie|] kAraNa banatI hai| dUsarI zakti vikarSaNa tamoguNAtmikA snAtaka- jo vedAdhyayana aura brahmacarya Azrama samApta kara hai. jisakI sahAyatA se pralaya sthiti kA nirmANa hotA hai| gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karane kI kAmanA se samAvartana saMskAra

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snAna-sparza meM snAna kara letA hai usako snAtaka kahate haiM / vidyA kI viSNudharmottara purANa Adi meM isakA mAhAtmya pAyA upamA sAgara se dI jAtI hai| jo isa sAgara meM avagAhana jAtA hai| kara bAhara nikalatA hai vaha snAtaka kahalAtA hai / snAtaka snApana saptamIvrata-yaha vrata una mahilAoM ke lie hai tIna prakAra ke hote hai-(1) vidyAsnAtaka (2) vrata- jinake bAlaka zaizava kAla meM divaMgata ho jAte haiN| de0 snAtaka aura (3) ubhayasnAtaka / jo vedAdhyayana to pUrA bhaviSyottara purANa, 52.1-40 / kara letA hai parantu brahmacarya Azrama ke sabhI niyamoM kA / ___ snehavata-yaha mAsavata hai / bhagavAn viSNu isake devatA haiM / pUrA pAlana kiye binA gRhasthAzrama meM praveza karane kI vratI ko ASAr3ha mAsa se cAra mAsa taka tailasnAna kA anujJA mAMgane jAtA hai usako vidyAsnAtaka kahate hai / parityAga kara pAyasa tathA ghI kA AhAra karanA cAhie / jo brahmacarya vrata kA pUrA pAlana karatA hai parantu vedAdhyayana vrata ke anta meM tila ke tela se paripUrNa eka kalaza dAna pUrA nahIM kara pAtA hai vaha vratasnAtaka hai| jo vidyA meM denA cAhie / isa vrata se vratI sabakA sneha-bhAjana bana aura vrata donoM kA pUrA pAlana karake gRhasthAzrama meM praveza jAtA hai| karatA hai vaha ubhayasnAtaka (pUrNasnAtaka) kahalAtA hai| spanda-aGgavizeSa kA halakA kampana / vizvAsa hai ki isakA snAna-nitya, naimittika, kAmya bheda se snAna tIna prakAra zabhAzubha phala hotA hai| 'malamAsatattva' meM kathana hai : kA hotA hai / naimittika snAna grahaNa, azauca Adi meM cakSuHspandaM bhujaspandaM tathA duHkhapradarzanam / hotA hai| tIrthoM kA snAna kAmya kahA jAtA hai / nitya zatrUNAJca samutthAnamazvattha zamayAzu me / snAna prati dinoM kA dhArmika kRtya mAnA gayA hai / ye tIna matsya purANa (241.3-14) meM isake zubhAzubha phala mukhya snAna haiM / inake atirikta gauNa snAna bhI haiM jo kA vistAra se varNana hai| sAta prakAra ke hai, jinakA prayoga zarIra ke avasthAbheda se sparza-dhArmika kriyAoM meM vividha aGgoM ke sparza kA kiyA jAtA hai : vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai| sandhyopAsanA meM Acamana ke (1) mAntra (mantra se snaan)| 'Apo hiSThA' Adi veda pazcAta vibhinna aGgoM kA sparza kiyA jAtA hai| isakA mantroM ke dvaaraa| uddezya hai unako prabuddha karanA athavA unakI ora dhyAna (2) bhauma ( miTTI se snAna ) / sUkhI miTTI zarIra meM kendrita krnaa| upanayana saMskAra meM AcArya ziSya ke mslnaa| hRdaya kA sparza kara usake aura apane bIca meM bhAvAtmaka (3) Agneya ( agni se snAna ) / pavitra bhasma sAre sambandha sthApita karanA cAhatA hai / isI prakAra vivAhazarIra meM lgaanaa| saMskAra meM pati patnI ke hRdaya kA sparza karatA hai aura (4) vAyavya (vAyu se snAna) / gauoM ke khuroM se udd'ii| kahatA hai ki maiM tumhAre hRdaya kI bAta jAnatA rahU~gA aura huI dhUla zarIra para girane denaa| tumhArA hRdaya apane hRdaya meM dhAraNa karatA huuN| Adi / (5) divya (AkAza se snAna) / dhUpa nikalate samaya bahata se abhicAra karmoM meM sparza kA upayoga hotA hai| varSA meM snAna karanA / isakA uddezya spRSTa vyakti ko AdiSTa athavA AviSTa (6) vAruNa (jala se snAna) / nadI-kUpa Adi ke jala karanA hotA hai| se snAna krnaa| dharmazAstra meM zucitA kI dRSTi se bahuta sI vastuoM (7) mAnasa ( mAnasika snAna ) / viSNu bhagavAn ke tathA vyaktiyoM kA sparza niSiddha batalAyA gayA hai / yathA, nAmoM kA smaraNa krnaa| ucchiSTa ke sparza kA bahudhA niSedha hai / kucha udAharaNa dharma kArya ke pUrva snAna karanA anivArya batalAyA nimnAMkita haiM : gayA hai| na spRzet pANinocchiSTaM vipragobrAhmaNAnalAn / snAnayAtrA-jyeSThapUrNimA ke dina jagannAthapurI meM rUpo- na cAnalaM padA vApi na devapratimA spRzet / / tsava ko snAnayAtrA kahate haiN| bahmapurANa, skanda purANa, (karma purANa, upavibhAga 16.35)

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692 pAne maithunasaMsarge tathA mUtrapurISayoH / sparzanaM yadi gacchetu zavodayAtyaH saha // dinamekaM carenmUtre purISe tu dinadvayam / dinatrayaM maithune syAt pAne syAttaccatuSTayam // (dakSasmRti) rajasvalA strI ke sparza kA to tIna dinoM taka bahuta niSedha aura prAyazcitta hai / devakArya ke lie rajasvalA pA~caveM dina zuddha hotI hai / smArta--smRttiyoM meM vihita vidhi-AcAra Adi, athavA isa vyavasthA ko mAnane vAlA / manu (1.108) kA kathana hai : AcAraH paramo dharmaH zrutyuktaH smArta eva ca / tasmAdasmin sadA yukto nityaM syAdAtmavAn dvijaH // [ AcAra hI parama dharma hai / yaha zruti meM ukta aura smArta (smRtiyoM ke anukUla ) hai / isalie AtmavAn ( AtmajJAnI) dvija vahI hotA hai jo sadA inake anusAra AcaraNa karatA hai / ] vaiSNavoM meM 'smArta' aura 'bhAgavata' do bheda AcAra kI dRSTi se pAye jAte haiM / smArta vaiSNava ve haiM jo paramparAgata smRti vihita dharma kA pAlana karate haiM / bhAgavata vaiSNava paramparA aura vidhi ke sthAna para bhakti aura AtmasamarpaNa para bala dete haiM; ataH ve smArta dharma ke prati udAsIna haiM / smRti - (1) anubhUta viSaya kA jJAna athavA anubhava-saMskAra janya jJAna | yaha buddhi kA dUsarA bheda hai / isakA pahalA bheda anubhUti hai / 'ujjvalanIlamaNi' meM bhakti kI dRSTi se smRti kA nirUpaNa nimnAMkita prakAra se hai : anubhUtapriyAdInAmarthAnAM cintanaM smRtiH / tatra kampAGgavaivarNyaSvApaniHzvasitAdayaH // (2) dharma ke pramANoM athavA srotoM meM smRti kI gaNanA hai / manusmRti (2.12) ke anusAra zrutiH smRtiH sadAcAraH svasya ca priyamAtmanaH / etaccaturvidhaM prAhuH sAkSAddharmasya lakSaNam // [ zruti (veda), smRti, sadAcAra aura apane AtmA ko priya (AtmatuSTi, indriyatuSTi nahIM ) ye cAra prakAra ke sAkSAt dharma ke lakSaNa kahe gaye haiM / ] ina pramANoM meM zruti athavA veda svataH pramANa aura smRti Adi parataH pramANa haiM / parantu vyAvahArika dharma meM smRtiyoM kA bahuta smArta-smRti mahattva hai, kyoMki dharma kI niyamita vyavasthA smRtiyoM meM hI upalabdha hai / I dharmazAstra meM smRti kA mUla artha kevala manvAdi praNIta smRtiyA~ hI nahIM / mUlataH isameM ve sabhI AcAra-vicAra sammilita the jo vedavid AcAravAn puruSoM kI smRti aura AcaraNa meM pAye jAte the / isameM sabhI sUtra -grantha - zrIta, gRhya aura dharma - mahAbhArata, purANa aura manu Adi smRtiyA~ samAviSTa haiM / gautama dharmasUtra kA kathana hai, "vedo dharmamUlam / tadvidAJca smRtizIle / " [ veda dharma kA mUla hai aura usako jAnane vAle puruSoM kI smRti tathA zIla bhI / ] medhAtithi ne manusmRti ke 'smRtizIle ca tadvidAm' kA bhASya karate hue likhA hai, " vedArthavidAm idaM kartavyam idanna kartavyam iti yat smaraNaM tadapi pramANam / " parantu dhIre-dhIre vizAla dharmazAstra kI sAmagriyoM saMgraha athavA saMhitA kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA aura ve smRtigranthoM ke rUpa meM prasiddha huI aura samaya samaya para Age bhI smRtiyA~ AvazyakatAnusAra banatI gayIM / prAcIna sUtragranthoM aura smRtiyoM meM racanA kI vidyA kI dRSTi se eka vizeSa antara hai| sUtra sabhI atyanta sUkSma aura sUtrAtmaka haiN| smRtiyA~, viSNusmRti ko chor3akara sabhI padyAtmaka haiM aura vivecana tathA varNana kI dRSTi se vistRta | smRtiyoM kI saMkhyA bar3hate-bar3hate bahuta bar3I ho gayI / inakI sUcI kaI granthoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| aparArka ne apane bhASya ( pR0 7 ) meM gautama dharmasUtra se eka sUtra uddhRta kiyA hai jisameM smRtikAroM kI sUcI hai| ( isa samaya mudrita gautama dharmasUtra meM yaha nahIM milatA hai / ) yaha sUcI isa prakAra hai : " smRtidharmazAstrANi teSAM praNetAro manu-viSNu-dakSAGgiro atri- bRhaspati - uzana Apastambagautama-saMvarta - AtreyakAtyAyana - zaGkha-likhita parAzara vyAsa- zAtAtapa- pracetA-yAjJa valkyaAdayaH // . ' dUsarI sUcI yAjJavalkya smRti (1.4-5 ) meM pAyI jAtI hai, jisake anusAra smRtiyoM kI saMkhyA bIsa hai : vaktAro dharmazAstrANAM manu-viSNu-yamo'GgirA / vasiSTha - dakSa saMvarta - zAtAtapa- parAzarAH // Apastambozano-vyAsAH kAtyAyana - bRhaspatI / gautamaH zaGkhalikhitau hArIto'trirahaM tathA / /

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smRti dharmazAstra ke vaktA 1. manu 2. viSNu 3. yama 4. aGgirA 5. vasiSTha 6. dakSa 7. saMvarta 8. zAtAtapa 9. parAzara 10. Apastamba 11. uzanA 12. vyAsa 13. kAtyAyana 14. bRhaspati 15. gautama 16. zaGkha 17. likhita 18. hArIta 19. atri aura 20. yAjJavalkya / isa sUcI meM prAcIna smRtikAra baudhAyana kA nAma nahIM hai / parAzara ne apane ko chor3akara unnIsa dharmazAstrakAroM kA nAma diyA hai| kintu yaha sUcI yAjJavalkya se bhinna hai| isameM bRhaspati, yama aura vyAsa ke nAma nahIM hai| naye nAma kazyapa, gArgya aura pracetA haiN| kumArila ke tantravArtika ( pR0 125 ) meM aThAraha dharmasaMhitAoM kA ullekha hai| 'caturvizatimata' meM caubIsa dharmazAstrakAra RSiyoM ke matoM kA saMgraha hai| isameM kAtyAyana aura likhita ko chor3akara yAjJavalkya dvArA parigaNita sabhI smRtikAra aura inake atirikta gArgya, nArada, baudhAyana, vatsa, vizvAmitra aura zaGkha, ( sAMkhyAyana ) kA samAveza hai| 'TtriMzanmata' ( mitAkSarA meM uddhRta ) meM chattIsa smRtiyoM ke matoM kA saMkalana hai / paiThInasi ( smRticandrikA meM uddhRta ) ne bhI smRtiyoM kI saMkhyA chattIsa batalAyI hai| vRddha gautama smRti (jIvAnanda saMskaraNa, bhAga 2 pR0 498-99) meM sattAvana smRtiyoM kI sUcI dI huI hai / yadi bhASyakAroM aura nibandhakAroM dvArA uddhRta sabhI dharmazAstrakAroM ko jor3A jAya to unakI saMkhyA eka sau ikatIsa pahu~catI hai ( kamalAkara bhaTTa : nirNaya sindhu ) / eka to yugaparivartana ke kAraNa nayI smRtiyA~ svayaM banatI jAtI thIM, dUsare vibhinna dharmazAstrIya sampradAya vAle laghu, bRhat aura vRddha jor3akara apane sAmpradAyika dharmazAstra kA vikAsa karate jAte the| inake racanAkAla ke sambandha meM bahuta matabheda hai| parantu inako dUsarI zatI I0 pU0 aura AThavIM zatI i0 50 ke bIca rakhA jA sakatA hai / (de0 kAzI prasAda jAyasavAla : manu aiNDa yAjJavalkya; ma0 pANDuraMga kANe : dharmazAstra kA itihAsa, jilda 1) / se varNana kiyA gayA hai| vyavahAra varga ke antargata, rAjadharma, prazAsana, vidhi Adi viSayoM kA samAveza hai / prAyazcitta ke antargata vividha aparAdhoM aura pApoM se mukta hone ke lie aneka tapa, vrata, dAna Adi karmakANDoM kA vidhAna hai| inake atirikta dharma, samAja, rAjya, vyakti sambandhI yathAsaMbhava sabhI viSayoM kA vivecana smRtiyoM meM pAyA jAtA hai| sabhI smRtiyoM ke prAmANya kA prazna bar3A pecIdA hai / purAtanavAdI smRti-bhASyakAroM aura nibandhakAroM kA mata hai ki sabhI smRtiyA~ samAna rUpa se mAnya haiM, kyoMki sabhI RSipraNIta haiM aura RSiyoM kA mata kabhI amAnya nahIM ho sktaa| yadi yaha mata svIkAra kiyA jAya to bar3I kaThinAI utpanna ho jaaegii| dekhane para spaSTa hai ki smRtiyoM meM paraspara bahuta matabheda hai aura yadi sabhI ko chUTa mila jAya ki jo jisa smRti ko pasanda kare usI kA pAlana kare to samAja meM arAjakatA phaila jaayegii| isalie yaha mata grAhya nahIM ho sktaa| dUsarA mata yaha hai ki manusmRti sabase adhika prAmANika hai ; ataH jo smRti usake atukala hai vaha mAnya aura jo usake pratikUla hai vaha amAnya hai : 'manvarthaviparItA tu yA smRtiH sA na shsyte'| taba prazna yaha uThatA hai ki ve sabhI smRtiyA~ vyartha hI racI gayIM, jinakA manu se matabheda hai| yaha mAnanA ki aneka paravartI smRtiyoM kI racanA vyartha huI, buddhisaMgata nahIM jAna pdd'taa| tIsarA mata yaha hai ki jahA~ smatiyoM ke vAkyoM meM virodha ho vahA~ bahumata ko mAnanA cAhie: virodho yatra vAkyAnAM prAmANyaM tatra bhUyasAm / (gobhila, 3.149 ) tasmAdvirodha dharmasya nizcitya gurulAdhavam / yato bhUyaH tato vidvAn kuryAt vinirNayam / / ( smRticandrikA, saMskAra kANDa ) [ isalie dhArmika vAkyoM ke virodha hone para unakI gurutA ( gaMbhIratA ) aura laghutA ( halkApana ) kA vicAra kara, jo adhika gaMbhIra aura vahasammata ho, vidvAn ko usI ke anusAra nirNaya karanA cAhie / ] cauthA mata hai ki vibhinna smRtiyA~ vibhinna yugoM meM unakI AvazyakatA ke anusAra likhI gayI thiiN| ataH smatiyoM meM jina viSayoM kA varNana hai unake tIna mukhya varga kie jA sakate haiM-1. AcAra 2. vyavahAra aura 3. prAyazcita (de0 yAjJavalkyasmati ) / AcAra varga meM sAdhAraNa, vizeSa, nitya, naimittika, Apaddharma sabhI kA varNana hai| vizeSakara varNa aura Azrama-dharma kA vistAra

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694 svadharma-svabhAva vibhinna smRtiyA~ vibhinna yugoM ke lie mAnya haiM : zivarAtrau ca yo bhuGkte zrIrAmanavamIdine / anye kRtayuge dharmAstretAyAM dvApare'pare / pitRkRtyaM devakRtyaM sa kRtaghna iti smRtam / / ato kaliyuge nRNAM yugahrAsAnurUpataH / / manu. 1.85 bhagavadgItA meM bhI svadharma kA mAhAtmya batalAyA [ kRtayuga ( satayuga ) meM anya prakAra ke dharma the| gayA hai : tretA meM anya / aura dvApara meM anya ( unase bhinna )! isa- zreyAn svadharmo viguNaH paradharmAt svanuSThitAt / lie kaliyuga meM manuSyoM ke lie anya dharma hai / ye dharma svadharme nidhanaM zreyaH paradharmo bhayAvahaH / / yugahrAsa ke anurUpa haiM / ] [ guNarahita bhI apanA dharma dUsare ke bhalIbhA~ti anu___ isa siddhAnta ke anusAra parAzara smRti ( 1.24 ) meM SThita dharma se zreyaskara hai| apane dharma ke pAlana meM mRtyu mukhya smRtiyoM ko vibhinna yugoM meM vibhAjita kara diyA zreyaskara hai / dUsare kA dharma bhayAvaha hai / ] gayA hai : svadhA-(1) svAdapUrvaka grahaNa karane kI kriyA / devatAoM kRte tu mAnavA dharmAstretAyAM gautamAH smRtAH / ke lie havirdAna mantra ke sAtha 'svAhA' kahate hai| svadhA dvApare zaGkhalikhitAH kalau pArAzarAH smRtAH / / kA prayoga pitaroM ke lie hI kiyA jAtA hai| [kRtayuga meM mAnava dharmazAstra prAmANika hai; tretA meM (2) bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra svadhA dakSa kI kanyA gautama dharmazAstra; dvApara meM zaGkhalikhita aura kali meM thii| vaha pitaroM kI patnI thii| usakI do kanyAe~ huIpArAzara dharmazAstra / ] yamunA aura dhaarinnii| ye donoM tapasvinI thiiN| ataH inakI siddhAnta meM yugadharma svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / parantu manu koI santAna nahIM thii| brahmavaivarta purANa (prakRtikhaNDa, aura yAjJavalkya tathA unakI TIkAe~ Aja bhI prAmANika adhyAya 41 ) ke anusAra svadhA brahmA kI mAnasI kanyA mAnI jAtI hai| ye TokAe~ hI yugadharma kI dizAprava aura pitaroM kI patnI thii| isa purANa meM isakI vistRta taMka haiM / kathA dI huI hai| svadharma-apane svabhAva arthAt varNa aura Azrama ke anusAra svapna-isakA eka artha hai nidrA, dUsarA hai nidrA ke soye jisakA jo dharma vihita hai, vaha usakA svadharma hai| usake hue vyakti kA vijJAna / suzruta (zarIra sthAna, adhyAya 4) pAlana se hI kalyANa hotA hai| usako chor3akara apane ne svapna ko nimnAMkita prakAra se batalAyA hai : svabhAva ke pratikUla dUsare ke dharma ke pAlana se aniSTa hotA pUrvadehAnubhUtAMstu bhUtAtmA svapataH prabhuH / hai / nRsiMha purANa meM kathana hai : rajoyuktena manasA gRhNAtyarthAn zubhAzubhAn // yo yasya vihito dharmaH sa tajjAtiH prakIrtitaH / karaNAnAntu vaikalye tamasAbhipravaddhite / tasmAt svadharma kurvIta dvijo nityamanApadi / asvapannapi bhUtAtmA prasupta iva cocyate / catvAro varNA rAjendra careyuzcApi AzramAH / [jIvAtmA sotA huA rajoguNa se yukta mana dvArA Rte svadharma vipulaM na te yAnti parAM gatim // apane zarIra se pUrva anubhUta zubha tathA azubha padArthoM ko svadharmeNa yathA nRNAM narasiMhaH pratyuSyati / grahaNa karatA hai / tamoguNa ke bar3ha jAne para na sotA huA bhI jIvAtmA sote hue kI bhAMti kahA gayA hai|] na tuSyati tathAnyena vedavAkyena karmaNA / / __brahmavaivarta purANa ( zrIkRSNa janma khaNDa, susvapnadarzana brahmavaivarta purANa ( prakRtikhaNDa, 51.45-47 ) meM svadharmatyAgI ko kRtaghna kahA gayA hai aura usakI nindA kI nAmaka 77 adhyAya ) meM zubhAzubha svapna-phala kA vistRta varNana hai| gayI hai : svadharma hanti yo vipraH sandhyAtrayavivarjitaH / svabhAva-apanA bhAva yA mAnasika vicAra / ujjvala atarpaNaJca yatsnAnaM viSNunaivedyavaJcitaH // nolamaNi meM svabhAva kI paribhASA nimnAMkita hai : viSNumantra-viSNupUjA-viSNubhaktivihInakaH / bahirhatvanapekSI tu svabhAvo'tha prakIrtitaH / ekAdazIvihInazca zrIkRSNajanmavAsare / / nisargazca svarUpazcetyeSo'pi bhavati dvidhA /

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svamUrAmadeva-svarNagaurIvrata nisargaH sudRDhAbhyAsajanyaH saMskAra ucyate / ajatyastu svataH siddhaH svarUpaH bhAva iSyate // [ jo kisI bAharI hetu ( kAraNa ) kI apekSA na rakhatA ho usako svabhAva kahA jAtA hai| isake nisarga aura svarUpa do bheda hote haiN| sudRr3ha abhyAsa se utpanna saMskAra ko nisarga kahate haiM / jo kisI se utpanna nahIM hotA aura jo svataH siddha hai usako svarUpa bhAva kahate haiM / ] svabhUrAmadeva - nimbArka sampradAyAcArya evaM madhyakAlIna dharmarakSaka vaiSNava mahAtmA, jinhoMne paMjAba kI ora hinduoM kI dhArmika AsthA ko apanI tapazcaryA se ojasvo banAyA / akhila bhArata meM dharma pracAra karane vAle AcArya harivyAsadeva (paMdrahavIM zatAbdI) ke dvAdaza ziSyoM meM ye prathama evaM paTTaziSya the / samayAnusAra harivyAsa - devajI ne vyApaka dharmapracAra ke uddezya se maTha, mandira dvArA gaddI kI praramparA calAyI aura apane ziSya-praziSyoM ko vibhinna pradezoM meM isake lie bhejaa| usa samaya gorakha pandhI nAtha sAdhu sAdhanamArga se haTakara dhArmika dveSa ke vaza meM par3a gae the| paMjAba kI ora vaiSNavoM se inakA saMgharSa hotA rahatA thA / harivyAsadeva ne hindUdharma ke ukta gRhakalaha ke zamanArtha apane pradhAna viSya svabhU rAmadeva ko mathurAsthira nAravaTIlA sthAna kA adhyakSa banAkara paMjAba kI ora bheja diyA / inhoMne apane bhajana-sAdhana ke bala para nAthoM kA hRdaya parivartana kara usa dizA meM vaiSNava dharma kA prabhAva sthApita kiyA / jagAdharI jile ke bUr3iyA sthAna meM yamunAtaTa para 'svabhUrAmadevajI kI banI' nAmaka tapobhUmi Aja bhI janatA meM sammAnita hai| ve usa samaya ke prabhAvazAlI mahAtmA the aura dharmarakSA kI ora vizeSa dattacitta rahate the / isIlie vaiSNavoM ke maTha-mandiroM meM bhArata ke sudUra baMgAla, ur3IsA, bihAra, madhyapradeza, gujarAta, paMjAba, vrajamaNDala Adi sthAnoM meM svabhUrAmadeva - zAkhA ke mahattvapUrNa sthAna adhika saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiM / inakI paraMparA meM aneka ucca koTi ke granthakAra, upAsanArahasyajJa vidvAn aura tapasvI santa hote Aye haiM / svarga -jisa sthAna athavA loka kA gAna athavA prazaMsA kI jAya vaha svarga hai ( svayate svayaMte gIyate ca iti ) devatAoM ke nivAsa sthAna ko svarga kahate haiN| yaha atyanta prAcIna vizvAsa hai ki puNyAtmA marane ke pazcAt svarga loga meM jAtA hai / mImAMsA zAstra ke anusAra svarga 695 vaha loka hai jahA~ duHkha kA pUrNa abhAva hai aura pUrNa sUkha prApti hotI hai / yajJAnuSThAna se puNya hotA hai | ataH svarga kI kAmanA rakhane vAle ko yajJa karanA cAhie naiyAyiyoM ke mata meM svarga kI paribhASA hai| yanna duHkhena sambhinnaM na ca grastamanantaram / abhilASopanItaM yat tat sukhaM svaHpadAspadam // padmapurANa (bhUkhaNDa adhyAya 90) meM svayaM ke guNadoSa isa prakAra kahe gaye haiM : 1 nandanAdIni divyAni ramyANi vividhAni c| tatrodyAnAni puNyAni sarvakAmazubhAni ca / / sarva kAmaphalaiH zobhitAni samantataH / vimAnAni sudivyAni paritAmyapsarogaNaiH // sarvatraiva vicitrANi kAmagAni rasAni ca / taruNAdityavarNAni muktAjAlAntarANi ca // candramaNDalazubhrANi hemazayyAsanAni ca / sarvakAmasamRddhAzca sukhaduHkhavivajitAH // narAH sukRtinaste tu vicaranti yathAsukham / na tatra nAstikAH yAnti na steyA nojitendriyAH // na nRzaMsA na pizunAH kRtaghnA na ca mAninaH / satyAstapasthitAH zUrA dayAvantaH kSamAparAH // yajvAno dAnazIlAzca tatra gacchanti te narAH / na rogo na jarA mRtyunaM zoko na himAdayaH // na tatra kSutpipAsA na kasya glAnirna dRzyane / ete cAnye ca bahavo guNAH santi ca bhUpate // doSAstatraiva ye santi tAn zRNusya ca sAmpratam / zubhasya karmaNaH kRtsnaM phalaM tacaiva bhujyate // na cAtra kriyate bhUyaH so'tra doSo mahAn zrutaH / asantoSazca bhavati dRSTrA dIptAM parazriyam // samprApte karmaNAmante sahasA sahasA patanaM tathA / iha yat kriyate karma phalaM tatraiva bhuJjate // karmabhUmiriyaM rAjan phalabhUmistvasI smRtA // agnipurANa, matsyapurANa (103.104), nRsiMha purANa ( adhyAya 20), garuDapurANa (109.44 ) meM bhI svarga kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai / svarNagaurIvata - bhAdrazukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna karanA caahie| yaha tithivrata hai| gaurI devatA hai| kevala mahilAoM ke lie yaha vrata hai / isa avasara para gaurI kA SoDazopacAra pUjana kiyA jaay| santAnArtha svAsthya

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svasti-ha tathA saubhAgya kI prApti ke lie devI se prArthanA kI devA anena iti)| prArthanAsamarpaNa ke artha meM aneka mantroM jAya / udyApana ke samaya sIMka se bane hue pAtroM meM 16 meM yaha 'parasarga' ke samAna prayukta hotA hai| prakAra ke khAdya padArtha rakhakara unheM vastra khaNDoM se (2) bhAgavata purANa ke anusAra svAhA dakSa kI kanyA AcchAdita karake sadgRhastha sapatnIka brAhmaNoM ko dAna aura agni kI bhAryA hai| brahmavaivartapurANa (prakRtikhaNDa, kara diyA jAya / svAhopAkhyAna nAmaka adhyAya, 40-7-56) meM svAhA kI svasti-kuzala-kSema, zubhakAmanA, kalyANa, AzIrvAda, utpatti Adi kA vistRta varNana prApta hotA hai : puNya, pApaprakSAlana dAnasvIkAra ke rUpa meM bhI isakA svAhA devahavirdAne prazastA sarvakarmasu / prayoga hotA hai : piNDadAne svadhA zastA dakSiNA sarvato varA / / ___ "obhityuktvA pratigRhya svastIsyuktvA sAvitrI prakRteH kalayA caiva sarvazaktisvarUpiNI / paThitvA kAmastuti paThet / " (zuddhitattva) babhUva vAvikA zaktiragne svAhA svakAminI / / vaidika saMhitAoM meM svastipATha ke kaI sUkta haiN| pratyeka ISad hAsyaprasannAsyA bhaktAnugrahakAtarA / maGgalakArya meM unakA pATha kiyA jAtA hai| ise 'svasti uvAceti vidheragre padmayone ! varaM zruNu // vAcana' kahate haiN| vidhistadvacanaM zrutvA saMbhramAt samuvAca tAm / svastika-eka pratIka yA cihna, jo mAGgalika mAnA tvamagnerdAhikA zaktirbhava patnI ca sundari / jAtA hai / isakA AkAra isa prakAra hai| isakA zAbdika dagdhu na zaktastvakRtI hutAzazca tvayA vinA / / artha hai, "jo svasti athavA kSema kA kathana karatA hai|" tannAmoccArya mantrAnte yo dAsyati havirnaraH / yaha gaNezajI kA lipyAtmaka svarUpa hai| eka prakAra kI surebhyastat prApnuvanti surAH svAnandapUrvakam // gRha ravanA ko bhI svastika kahate haiM / svastikavata-ASAr3ha kI ekAdazI yA pUrNimA se cAra mAsaparyanta isa vrata kA anuSThAna honA cAhie / strI ha-USmavarNI kA cauthA tathA vyaJjanoM kA taitIsavA~ akSara / tathA puruSa donoM ke lie yaha vrata vihita hai| yaha karNATaka isakA uccAraNa sthAna kaNTha hai| kAmadhenu tantra meM isakA meM bahuta pracalita hai| paJca varNoM (nIla pItAdi) kI varNana aura upayoga batalAyA gayA hai : svastikA kI AkRtiyA~ banAkara unheM viSNu bhagavAn ko hakAraM zRNu cAGgi catuvargapradAyakam / arpita kiyA jAtA hai| devAlayoM athavA anya pavitra kuNDalIdvayasaMyukta raktavidyullatopamam / / sthaloM meM viSNu kA pUjana hotA hai / rajaHsattvatamoyuktaM paJcadevamayaM sadA / svastipuNyAhavAcana-mAGgalika karmoM ke prArambha meM mantro paJcaprANAtmaka varNaM trizaktisahitaM sadA // ccAraNa ke sAtha pavitra taNDula-vikiraNa / isakI vidhi trivindusahitaM varNa hRdi bhAvaya pArvati / / meM AzIrvAdAtmaka vedamantroM kA pATha tathA prArthanAtmaka varNoddhAratantra meM isakA lekhana prAkAra aura tAntrika kathanopakathana hotA hai| upayoga isa prakAra batalAyA hai : svAdhiSThAna-SaTcakroM ke antargata dvitIya ckr| vasti- UrdhvAdAkuJcitA madhye kuNDalItvaM gatA tvadhaH / pradeza ke pIche isakI sthiti hai| isameM ziva aura agni UrdhvaM gatA punaH saiva tAsu brahmAdayaH kramAt / / vartamAna rahate haiM : mAtrA ca pArvatI jJeyA dhyAnamasya pracakSyate / SaDarale vaidyutanibhe svAdhiSThAne'nalatviSi / karISa bhRSitAGgI ca sATTahAsAM digambarIm // ba-bha-pairya-ra- lairyukta varNaiH SaDbhizca suvrata / / asthimAlyAmaSTabhujA vrdaammbujekssnnaam| svAdhiSThAnAkhyacakre tU sabindu rAkiNIM tathA / nAgendrahArabhUSADhayAM jaTAmukuTamaNDitAm // vAdilAntaM pravinyasya nAbhau tu maNipUrake // (tantrasAra) sarvasiddhipradAM nityAM dharmakAmArthamokSadAm / svAhA-(1) devatAoM kA havirdAna-mantra / (suSTha Ahavante evaM dhyAtvA hakArantu tanmantraM dazadhA japet / /

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haMsa-hayagrIva varNAbhidhAna meM isake aneka nAma ginAye gaye haiM : haH zivo gaganaM haMso nAgaloko'mbikA patiH / nakUlIzo jagatprANaH prANezaH kapilAmalaH / / paramAtmAtmajo jIvo yavAkaH zAntido'GgajaH / zRMgo bhayo'ruNA sthANuH kUTakUpavirAvaNaH // lakSmIrmaviharaH zambhuH prANazakti lalATajaH / sRkopavAraNaH zUlI caitanyaM pAdapUraNaH // mahAlakSmI paraM zAmbhuH zAkhITaH somamaNDalaH / bIjavarNAbhidhAna meM ha ke dUsare tAntrika nAmoM kA ullekha hai| zukrazcAtha hakAroM'zaH prANaH sAntaH zivo viyat / akulI nakulIzazca haMsa: zUnyazca hAkinI // ananto nakulI jIvaH paramAtmA lalATajaH / haMsa-sAhitya meM nIra-kSIra viveka kA aura dharma-darzana meM paramAtma tattva kA pratIka pakSI hai : yoga aura tantra meM isa pratIka kA bahuta upayoga huA hai / haMsa kA dhyAna isa prakAra batalAyA gayA hai| ArAdhayAmi maNisannibhamAtyaliGga mAyApurIhRdayapaGkajasanniviSTam / zraddhAnadIvimalacittajalAvagAhaM nityasamAdhikusumerapunarbhavAya / / rAghavabhaTTa dhRta dakSiNAmUrti saMhitA (saptama paTala) meM haMsajJAna aura haMsa mAhAtmya kA varNana nimnAMkita hai| ajagAdhAraNaM devi kathayAmi tavAnaghe / yasya vijJAnamAtra Na paraM brahmava dezikaH / / haMsaH padaM parezAni pratyahaM prajapennaraH / moharandhaM na jAnAti mokSastasya na vidyate // zrIguroH kRpayA devi jJAyate japyate ydaa| ucchvAsanizvAsatayA tadA bandhakSayo bhavet // ucchvAse caiva vizvAse haMsa iti akSaradvayam / tasmAt prANastu haMsAtmA AtmAkAreNa saMsthitaH / / nAbherucchvAsanizvAsAta hRdayAgre vyavasthitiH : haMsavata-puruSa sUkta ke maMtroM kA uccAraNa karate hue snAna karanA caahie| unhIM se tarpaNa tathA japa karanA caahie| aSTadala kamala ke madhya bhAga meM puSpAdika se bhagavAn janArdana kI, jinheM haMsa bhI kahA jAtA hai, pUjA karanI caahie| pUjana meM Rgveda ke dazama maNDala ke 90 maMtroM kA uccAraNa kiyA jaay| pUjana ke uparAnta havana vihita hai| tadanantara eka gau kA dAna karanA caahie| eka varSaparyanta isa vrata kA anuSThAna vihita hai| isase vratI kI sampUrNa manaHkAmanAe~ pUrNa hotI haiM / hatyA-hanana ke lie niSiddha prANiyoM ko mAranA / sAmAnya rUpa se jIva mAtra ke mArane ko hatyA kahA jAtA hai| hatyA pAtaka hai| brahmahatyA (manuSya vadha) kI gaNanA mahApAtakoM meM kI gayI hai| brahmahatyA surApAnaM steyaM gurvaGganAgamaH / .. mahAnti pAtakAnyAhuH saMsargazcApi taiH saha // [ brahma hatyA, surApAna; steya (corI), guru patnI se samAgama-ye mahApAtaka haiM aura inake karane vAloM ke sAtha saMsarga bhI mahApAtaka hai / ] hanumAn-vAlmIki rAmAyaNa ke anusAra eka vAnara vIra / [vAstava meM vAnara eka vizeSa mAnava jAti hI thI, jisakA dhArmika lAMchana (cinha) vAnara athavA usakI lAGgala thii| purA kathAoM meM yahI vAnara (pazu) rUpa meM varNita hai / ] bhagavAna rAma ko hanumAn RSyamUka parvata ke pAsa mile the| hanumAna jI rAma ke ananya mitra, sahAyaka aura bhakta siddha hue| sItA kA anveSaNa karane ke lie ye laGkA ge| rAma ke dautya kA inhoMne adbhuta nirvAha kiyaa| rAma-rAvaNa yuddha meM bhI inakA parAkrama prasiddha hai / rAmAvata vaiSNava dharma ke vikAsa ke sAtha hanumAn kA bhI daivIkaraNa huaa| ve rAma ke pArSada aura punaH pUjya deva rUpa meM mAnya ho gaye / dhIre dhIre hanumat athavA mAruti pUjA kA eka sampradAya hI bana gayA hai| 'hanumatkalpa' meM inake dhyAna aura pUjA kA vidhAna pAyA jAtA hai| hamumajjayantI-caitra zukla pUrNimA ko isa utsava kA Ayojana kiyA jAtA hai| hampI-dakSiNa bhArata ke prAcIna vijayanagara rAjya kI rAjadhAnI, aba hampI kahI jAtI hai| isake madhya meM virUpAkSa mandira hai / ise loga hampIzvara kahate haiN| hayagrIva-mahAbhArata ke anusAra madhu-kaiTabha daityoM dvArA haraNa kie hue vedoM kA uddhAra karane ke lie viSNu ne hayagrIva avatAra dhAraNa kiyaa| inake vigraha kA varNana isa sunAsikena kAyena bhUtvA candraprabhastadA / kRtvA hayaziraM zubhaM vedAnAmAlayaM prabhuH / /

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698 hayapaJcamI athavA hayapUjAvata-haragaurI ke bhinna bhinna nAmoM ko uccAraNa karate hae pUjana karanA cAhie tathA bhinna bhinna khAdya padArthoM kA bhoga lagAnA caahie| varSAnta meM sapatnIka brAhmaNa kA sammAna karanA caahie| isake pariNAma svarUpa rogoM se mukti, sAta janmoM taka vaidhavyAbhAva, saundarya tathA putra-pautrAdi kI upalabdhi hotI hai| pArvatI ne zaMkara jI ke zarIra meM arddha bhAga prApta karane ke lie isa vrata kA Aca kiyA thaa| haragaurI-hara (ziva) ke sAtha gaurI ( pArvatI ) kI mUrti ko haragaurI kahate haiN| yaha arddha nArIzvara-zivamUrti kA nAma hai| kAlikA purANa ( adhyAya 44 ) meM isa svarUpa kA vistRta varNana pAyA jAtA hai : ___ "devI ne kahA, he hara ! jisa prakAra maiM sadA tumhArI chAyA ke samAna anugata rahU~ aura Apa kA sAhacarya sadA banA rahe usa prakAra mere lie Apa ko karanA caahie| Apake sAtha maiM sabhI aGgoM kA saMsparza aura nitya AliGgana kA pulaka cAhatI huuN| Apa ko aisA hI karanA yogya hai|" tasya murdA samayavat dyauH sanakSatratArakA / kezAzcAsyAbhavad dIrghA raveraMzusamaprabhA / karNAvAkAzepAtAle lalATaM bhuutdhaarinnii| gaGgA sarasvatI zroNyau dhruvAvAstAM mhoddhii|| cakSuSI somasUryo te nAsA sandhyA punaH smRtA / praNavastasya saMskAro vidyujjihvA ca nirmitaa| dantAzca pitaro rAjan somapA iti vishrutaa| goloko brahmalokazca oSThAvAstAM mahAtmanaH // grIvA cAsyAbhavadrAjan kaalraatrigunnottraa| etadyaziraH kRtvA nAnAmUrtibhirAvRtam // devIbhAgavata (prathama skandha, paJcama adhyAya) meM hayagrIvakI dUsarI kathA milatI hai| isake anusAra daitya kA vadha karane ke lie hI viSNu ne hayagrIva kA rUpa dhAraNa kiyA thaa| hemacandra ne isa kathA kA samarthana kiyA hai| (viSNuvadhya daityvishessH)| kintu eka dUsarI paramparA ke anusAra jaba kalpAnta meM brahmA so rahe the taba hayagrIva nAmaka daitya ne veda kA haraNa kara liyaa| veda kA uddhAra karane ke lie viSNu ne matsyAvatAra dhAraNa kiyA aura usakA vadha kiyA / vidyA prApti ke lie vedoddhAraka hayagrIva bhagavAn kI upAsanA vizeSa camatkArakAriNI mAnI gayI hai| hayapaJcamI athavA hayapUjAvata-caitra mAsa kI paMcamI ko indra kA prasiddha azva, uccaiHzravA samudra se AvirbhUta huA thA / ataeva gandharvo sahita (jaise citraratha, citrasena jo vastutaH uccaiHzravA ke bandhu-bAndhava hI haiM) uccaiHzravA kA saMgIta, miSThAnna, polikAoM, dahI, gur3a, dUdha, cAvala Adi se pUjana karanA caahie| isake phalasvarUpa zakti, dIrghAyu, svAsthya kI prApti tathA yuddhoM meM sadA vijaya hotI hai| hara-ziva kA eka nAma / isakA artha hai pApoM tathA sAMsArika tApoM kA haraNa karane vAlA (harati pApAna sAMsArikAn klezAJca ) / harakAlIvrata-mAgha zuklA tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA Ayojana karanA cAhie / isakI durgA jI devatA haiM / yaha vrata kevala mahilAoM ke lie hai| vratI jau ke hare hare aMkuroM meM rAta bhara devI kA dhyAna karate hae khar3A rhe| dvitIya divasa snAna, dhyAna Adi se nivRtta hokara devI kA pUjana kara bhojana grahaNa kre| varSa meM prati mAsa devI bhagavAn ziva ne kahA, he bhAmini : jisakI tuma icchA karatI ho vaha mujhe bhI rucikara hai| usakA upAya maiM kahatA hU~ / yadi kara sakatI ho to karo / he sundarI ! mere zarIra kA AdhA tuma grahaNa kara lo| merA AdhA zarIra nArI aura AdhA puruSa ho jAya / yadi tuma merA AdhA zarIra nahIM grahaNa kara sakatI ho, to he sundara mukhavAlI ! tumhArA AdhA zarIra meM hI grahaNa kruuNgaa| tumhArA AdhA zarIra nAro aura AdhA puruSa ho jAya / aisA karane meM merI zakti hai / tuma apanI anujJA do| devI ne kahA, he vRSadhvaja ! maiM hI Apa ke zarIra kA AdhA bhAga grahaNa karU~gI / kintu merI eka icchA hai, yadi Apa pasanda kareM he hara ! usa prakAra maiM jaba Apa ke zarIra kA AdhA grahaNa kara ke sthira rahU~ aura AdhA zarIra chor3a dUM to donoM sampUrNa bane rheN| isa prakAra yadi Adhe bhAga kA haraNa Apa ko pasanda ho to Apa ke zarIra kA AdhA bhAga he zambho ! maiM haraNa karatI huuN| ziva ne kahA, jaisA tuma karanA cAhatI ho, aisA hI nitya ho| zarIra ke Adhe bhAga kA haraNa tumhArI icchA ke anusAra hI ho /

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haravata-haridvAra haravata-aSTamI ke dina kamala dala kI AkRti banAkara thii| devatAoM ne unako yaha varadAna bhI diyA thA ki bhagavAn hara kI pUjA tathA ghRta kI dhArA chor3ate hue jo strI-puruSa harI ghAsa para baiThakara kAlI kI pUjA samidhAoM se havana karanA cAhie / kareMge, ve sukha, dIrghAyu tathA saubhAgya prApta kreNge| vrata hari-viSNu kA eka paryAya / indra, siMha, ghor3A, hare raMga, kA nAma harikAlI hai, kintu isakA hari (viSNu ) ke Adi ko bhI hari kahate haiN| hare (zyAma) varNa ke kAraNa ke artha meM Ane kA prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| hari kA yahA~ viSNu yA kRSNa bhI hari kahalAte haiN| artha hai bharI yA ( zyAmA ) kAlI, jo gauravarNA nahIM ___ hari, viSNu aura kRSNa kA abheda svIkAra kara purANoM thii| ne hari bhakti kA vipula varNana kiyA hai| padmapurANa harikrIDAzayana athavA harikrIDAyana-kArtika athavA vaizAkha ( uttara khaNDa, adhyAya 111 ) meM kRSNa-hari ke eka sau mAsa kI dvAdazI ko isa vrata kA anuSThAna hotA hai| ATha nAmoM kA ullekha hai : isake hari devatA haiM / eka tAmrapAtra meM madhu bharakara isake zrIkRSNASTottarazataM nAma maGgaladAyakam / Upara nRsiMha bhagavAn kI catumukhI pratimA, jisameM tat zRNuSva mahAbhAga sarvakalmaSanAzanam // mANikya ke Ayudha lage, mUgoM ke nakha banAye gaye hoM tathA zrI kRSNaH puNDarIkAkSo vAsudevo janArdanaH / anyAnya ratnoM ko vakSa, cakSa, sira tathA srotoM para nArAyaNo hariviSNurmAdhavaH puruSottamaH / / Adi0 lagAkara sthApita kiyA jAya / tadanantara tAmrapAtra ko jala haritAlikA-pArvatIjI kI ArAdhanA kA saubhAgya vrata, se bhara diyA jAya aura nRsiMha bhagavAn kA SoDazopacAra jo kevala mahilAoM ke lie hai aura bhAdrapada zukla pUjana tathA rAtri jAgaraNa honA caahie| isase vratI tRtIyA ko prAyaH nirjala kiyA jAtA hai / rAtri meM ziva- jaMgaloM, araNyoM tathA yuddhasthaloM meM saMkaTamukta hokara gaurI kI pUjA aura jAgaraNa hotA hai| dUsare dina prAtaH nirbhIka vicaraNa karatA hai / ( nRsiMha purANa se ) visarjana ke pazcAt anna-jala grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai| haridvAgaNeza-gaNeza jI kA eka vigraha / yaha haridrA 'aliyoN'| ( sakhiyoM) ke dvArA 'harita' ( apahRta ) (haldI) ke varNa kA hotA hai ataH ise haridrA-gaNeza hokara pArvatI ne eka kandarA meM isa vrata kA pAlana kiyA kahate haiM / inakA mantra hai : thA, isalie isakA nAma 'haritAlikA' prasiddha ho gyaa| paJcAntako dharAsaMstho bindubhUSitamastakaH / harikAlIvrata-tRtIyA ko anAja sApha karane vAle sUpameM ekAkSaro mahAmantraH sarvakAmaphalapradaH // sapta dhAnya bokara unake uge hue aMkuroM para kAlI pUjA isakA dhyAna isa prakAra kiyA jAtA hai : kI jAtI hai / tadanantara sadhavA nAriyoM dvArA aMkuroM ko haridrAbhaM caturbAhuM hAridrayavasanaM vibhum / siroM para le jAkara kisI taDAga yA saritA meM visarjana pAzAGkuzadharaM devaM modakaM dantameva ca // kara diyA jAtA hai| kathA isa prakAra hai : kAlI dakSa tantrasAra meM pUjA-vidhAna kA savistara varNana hai| prajApati kI putrI haiM tathA dakSa ne unakA mahAdeva jI ke haridvAra-haridvAra athavA mAyApurI bhArata kI sAta pavitra sAtha pariNaya kara diyA / varNa se ve kRSNa hai| eka samaya puriyoM meM se hai| isakA artha hai 'hari (viSNu) kA devatAoM kI sabhA meM mahAdeva jI ne kAlI ke zarIra kI dvaar| jahA~ gaGgA himAlaya se maidAna meM utaratI hai, vahA~ tulanA kAle surameM se kara DAlI / isase ve Rddha hotI huI yaha sthita hai| isalie isakA vizeSa mahattva hai| prati apanA kRSNa varNa ghAsa vAlI bhUmi para chor3akara svayaM bArahaveM varSa jaba sUrya aura candra meSa rAzi para tathA agni meM praviSTa ho giiN| dvitIya janma meM gaurI rUpa meM bRhaspati kumbha rAzi meM sthita hote haiM taba yahA~ kumbha kA unakA punaH AvirbhAva huA aura unhoMne mahAdeva jI ko parva hotA hai| usake chaThe varSa addhakumbhI hotI hai| kahA hI punaH pati rUpa meM prApta kiyaa| kAlI jI ne jo kRSNa jAtA hai ki isI sthAna para maitreya jI ne vidura ko varNa tyAgA thA usase Age calakara kAtyAyanI huIM, zrImadbhAgavata kI kathA sunAyI thI aura yahIM para nArada jinhoMne devatAoM ke prayatnoM meM bahuta bar3I sahAyatA kI jI ne saptarSiyoM se zrImadbhAgavata kI saptAha kathA sunI

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700 harinAma-harivyAsadeva thii| haridvAra mukhyataH vaiSNavatIrtha hai, parantu sabhI sampradAya ke loga isakA Adara karate haiN| harinAma-hari kA nAma athavA bhagavannAma / dharma meM nAmajapa kA mAhAtmya barAbara rahA hai| kintu kali meM to isakA atyadhika mAhAtmya hai| kAraNa yaha hai ki nAma aura nAmI meM bheda nahIM hai aura nAmI kI pUjA-arcA se nAma-smaraNa sadA sarvatra sulabha aura sarala hai / padmapurANa ( uttara khaNDa, adhyAya 98 ) meM nAma kI mahimA isa prakAra dI huI hai : na kAlaniyamastatra na dezaniyamastathA / nocchinThAdau niSedho'sti harernAmani lubdhaka / / jJAnaM devArcanaM dhyAnaM dhAraNA niyamo yamaH / pratyAhAraH samAdhizca harinAmasamaM na ca / bRhannAradIya purANa (zrI haribhakti vilAsa, vilAsa 11 meM uddhRta ) meM to harinAma kaliyuga meM ekamAtra gati hai / vaiSNavoM ke nitya japa ke harinAma nimnAMkita haiM : "hare rAma hare rAma rAma rAma hare hre| hare kRSNa hare kRSNa kRSNa kRSNa hare hare // " isa mantra ke RSi, vAsudeva chanda gAyatrI aura devatA tripurA hai| isakA viniyoga mahAvidyAsiddhi meM kiyA jAtA hai| de0 vAsudeva mAhAtmya; rAdhAtantra ke vAsudevatripurA saMvAda meM dvitIya paTala / / harivaMza-hari athavA kRSNa kA vaMza / isI nAma ke grantha meM harivaMza kI kathA vistAra se kahI gayI hai| yaha grantha mahAbhArata kA pariziSTa yA khilaparva kahalAtA hai / isakI kathA sunane se saMtAna prApta hotI hai| garuDa purANa (adhyAya 148.1.6-8,11) meM harivaMza kI kathA milatI hai| harivAsara-(1) 'tithyAditattva' meM ekAdazI aura dvAdazI tithiyoM ko harivAsara (hari kA dina) kahA gayA hai| ekAdazI dvAdazI ca proktA zrIcakrapANinaH / ekAdazImupoSyaiva dvAdazI samupojayet // na cAtra vidhilopaH syAdubhayodevatA hariH / dvAdazyAH prathamaH pAdo harivAsarasaMjJakaH // samatikramya kurvIta pAraNaM viSNutatparaH / ekAdazItattva meM isa dina anna bhojana kA ghora niSedha hai| harivAsara meM jAgaraNa kA vizeSa mAhAtmya hai (de0 skanda purANa meM brahma-nArada-saMvAda tathA shriiprhlaad-sNhitaa)| harivAsara ke sambandha meM vicAra vaibhinnya hai| 'varSakRtya kaumudI' ke anusAra ekAdazI hI hari kA dina hai na ki dvAdazI / garuDa purANa (1.137.12) tathA nArada purANa (2.24.6 tathA 9) ekAdazI ko hI hari kA dina mAnate hai, kintu 'kRtyasArasamuccaya' matsya purANa ko uddhRta karate hue kahatA hai : ASAr3ha zukla dvAdazI budhavAra ko ho tathA usa dina anurAdhA nakSatra ho evaM bhAdra zukla dvAdazI budhavAra ko par3e tathA usa dina zravaNa nakSatra ho aura kArtika zukla dvAdazI budhavAra ko par3e tathA usa dina revatI nakSatra ho to uparyukta tInoM dina 'harivAsara' kahalAte haiN| 'smRti kaustubha' ke anusAra bhI dvAdazI hI hari tithi hai / ataevaH A-bhA-kAsitapakSeSa hst-shrvnn-revtii| dvAdazI budhavArazced harivAsara iSyate // ' harivAhana-hari (viSNu) kA vAhana garuDa / harivyAsadeva-nimbArka sampradAya ke madhyakAlIna vaiSNavAcArya aura granthakAra / kRSNa bhagavAn kI madhura lIlAoM ke cintana ke sAtha ye tIrtha yAtrA, dharma pracAra aura grantha racanA meM dantacita rahate the| dhArmika saMgaThana kI bhAvanA inameM adhika dekhI jAtI hai, jisake lie samagra deza ko vyApaka kendra banAkara inhoMne saMghabaddha dharmayAtrAe~ pracalita kii| inakI upAsanA kA priya sthala vRndAvana aura gurusthAna mathurA kI ekAnta bhUmi dhruvaghATa para nArada TIlA thii| prasiddha bhaktisaMgItakAra saMta zrIbhaTTa ke ye ziSya the| rAdhA-kRSNa ke sarasa cintana svarUpa harivyAsa jI ko padAvalI 'mahAvANI' kahI jAtI hai aura ina kA antaraGga nAma 'haripriyA' / isake sAtha hI dhArmika janoM ko zaktisampanna karane ke lie ye ugra devatA nRsiMha kI pUjA kA pracAra bhI karate the| isakA saMketa 'nasiMha paricaryA' nAmaka likhita pustaka se milatA hai jo kAzIstha sarasvatI bhavana pustakAlaya meM hai| inhoMne himAcala sthita devI mandira meM apane tapobala aura sAdhu maNDalI ke upavAsa ke sahAre pazubali prathA ko banda karA diyA thaa| tabase una devIjI ko vaiSNavI devI kahA jAne lagA hai| prAcIna nimbArkIya vidvAn

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harivrata-hATakezvara (bar3anagara) 701 puruSottamAcArya kI pustaka 'vedAntaratnamaMjUSA' para inhoMne hariharanAtha kA mandira hai| kArtika pUrNimA ko yahA~ vistRta saMskRta vyAkhyA likho hai| dharma pracAra aura saMga- vizAla melA hotA hai jisameM dezadezAntara ke lAkhoM loga ThanArtha inhoMne apane suyogya ziSya deza ke saMkaTagrasta sammilita hote haiN| vArAhapurANa meM hariharakSetra kA sthAnoM meM niyukta kiye the, jinameM inake pradhAna ziSya mAhAtmya pAyA jAtA hai : svabhUrAmajI paMjAba kI ora sakriya rahe aura dhArmika tataH sa paJcarAtrANi sthitvA vai vidhipUrvakam / kalaha, hiMsA, kadAcAra ke nivAraNa meM saphala hue / Age godhanAnyagrataH kRtvA harikSetra jagAma h|| calakara madhya, pUrva, pazcima dizAoM, tirupati, jagannAthapurI, hariNAdhiSThitaM kSetra harikSetra tataH smRtam / kindubilva baMgAla, dvArakA Adi sthAnoM meM inakI ora sadAnandI zUlapANirgodhanena puraskRtaH / / se aneka maTha-mandira sthApita kie ge| harivyAsajI sthitavAstahinAdeva tatkSetra hariharAtmakam / ke eka prabhAvazAlI ziSya parazurAmadeva rAjasthAna meM devAnAmaTanAccaiva devATa iti saMjJitam / muslima phakIroM ke AtaMka ko zAnta karane meM agrasara haladhara-balarAma athavA baladeva kA paryAya / isakA artha hue aura salImazAha sUphI ko apanA sevaka banA liyA / hai 'hala dhAraNa karane vAlA' / isakA dUsarA nAma saMkarSaNa harivyAsadeva pandrahavIM zatI meM hue the| hai, jo pAJcarAtra ke caturgraha ke dvitIya ghaTaka haiN| haladhara harivata-(1) amAvasyA tathA pUrNimA ke dina manuSya aura saMkarSaNa kA eka hI bhAva hai| ko ekabhakta rahane kA abhyAsa karanA caahie| isase hala SaSThI-bhAdra kRSNa SaSThI [nirNayasindhu 123] / kabhI naraka meM nahIM jAnA pdd'taa| uparyukta divasoM ko havi (haviSya)-havanIya dravya ko havi athavA haviSya vratI ko cAhie ki vaha bhagavAn hari kI puNyAha vAcana tathA 'jaya' jaise zabdoM se pUjAkara brAhmaNa ko praNAma kare kahate haiM / isake paryAya ghRta, tila, cAvala, sAmAnnAdi haiN| tathA brAhmaNoM, andhoM, anAthoM, dalita patitoM ko bhojana haviSya-yajJopayogI khAdyAnna, jo kucha nizcita vratoM meM kraae| grAhya haiN| de0 kRtyaratnAkara 400, tithitattva 109, (2) jo manuSya dvAdazI (ekAdazI) ke dina bhojana niNayAsandhu 106 / kA parityAga karatA hai vaha sIdhA svarga sidhAratA hai| hastagaurI vrata-bhAdra zukla tRtIyA ko isa vrata kA anu(vArAha purANa ) / SThAna hotA hai / kRSNa bhagavAn ne kuntI ko dhana-dhAnya harizayana-hari (viSNu kA shyn-nidraa)| yaha ASAr3ha se paripUrNa rAjya kI prApti ke lie isa vrata ko upayogI zukla ekAdazI ko prArambha aura kArtika zukla ekAdazI batalAyA thaa| isameM nirantara 13 varSI taka gaurI, hara ko samApta hotA hai| yaha cAra mahIne kA samaya harizayana tathA heramba (gaNeza) meM dhyAna kendrita karate rahanA tathA kA kAla hai| isa kAla meM vrata upavAsa pUjA Adi kA caudahavaM varSa meM udyApana karanA caahie| vidhAna hai tathA upanayana, vivAha Adi kA niSedha hai| hATakezvara (bar3anagara)-gujarAta kA prasiddha tIrthasthAna / harizcandra-sUryavaMza ke ar3atIsaveM rAjA, jo tretA yuga meM bhagavAn zaMkara ke tIna mukhya liGgoM meM eka hATakezvara hue the / ye apanI satyaniSThA ke lie prasiddha the| hai| hATakezvara gurjara nAgara brAhmaNoM ke kuladevatA haiN| harihara-hari (viSNu) aura hara (ziva) kI saMyukta mUrti / AnartaviSaye ramyaM sarvatIrthamayaM zubham / inako vRSAkapI bhI kahA jAtA hai / vAmanapurANa (adhyAya hATakezvarajaM kSetra mahApAtakanAzanam // 59) harihara mUrti kA sundara varNana hai| tatra kamapi mAsAddhaM yo bhaktya pUjayeddharam / harihara kSetra-vihAra pradeza kA tIrthavizeSa / harihara sa sarvapApayukto'pi zivaloke mahIyate / / (viSNuziva) kA saMyukta tiirthsthaan| yaha gaGgA aura atrAntare narA yeca nivasanti dvijottamAH / nArAyaNI (bar3I gaMDaka) ke saMgama para paTanA ke pAsa kRSikarmodyatAzcApi yAnti te paramAM gatim / / sonapura meM sthita hai| taTa para hariharAtmaka saMyukta (skanda purANa nAgara khaM0 27 / )

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702 hArIta-hindutva hArIta-dharmazAstrakartA eka RSi hai yAjJavalkya (1.4) ne dharmazAstra prayojakoM meM inakI gaNanA kI hai| manvatriviSNuhArItayAjJavalkyozano'GgirAH / yamApastambasaMvartAH kAtyAyanabRhaspatI / / parAzaravyAsazaGkhalikhitA dakSagautamau / zAtAtayo vasiSThazca dharmazAstraprayojakAH / / zrImadbhAgavata meM inako paurANika kahA gayA hai : trayyAruNiH kazyapazca sAvaNirakRtavaNaH / vaizampAyanahArItau SaDava paurANikA ime / hAlevida-karNATaka pradeza kA prasiddha tIrthasthAna / maisUra ke tIrthoM meM bhagavAn hoyasAlezvara kA pramukha sthAna hai / inheM rAjA viSNavaddhana ne pratiSThita kiyA thaa| yaha mandira dakSiNa ke mandiroM meM kalA aura saMskRti kI dRSTi se nirAlA sthAna rakhatA hai| hAhA-devagandharva vizeSa / devatAoM meM hAhA, haha, vizvAvasu, tumbaru, citraratha Adi gandharvavAcaka haiN| inakA saMgIta se vizeSa sambandha hai| hindutva-bhAratavarSa meM basanevAlI prAcIna jAtiyoM kA sAmUhika nAma 'hindU' tathA unake samaSTivAdI dharma kA bhAva 'hindutva' hai| jaba musalamAna AkramaNakArI jAtiyoM ne isa deza meM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA aura basanA prArambha kiyA taba ve musalamAnoM se itara logoM ko, apane se pRthak karane ke lie sAmUhika rUpa se 'hindU' tathA unake dharma ko 'hindU majahaba (dharma) kahane lge| yUropIyoM aura aMgrejoM ne bhI isa paramparA ko jArI rkhaa| unhoMne bhAratIya janatA ko chinna-bhinna rakhane ke lie usako do bhAgoM meM bA~TA-(1) muslima tathA (2) gaira muslima arthAt 'hindU' / isa prakAra Adhunika yAtrAvarNana, itihAsa, rAjanIti, dharma vivaraNa Adi meM bhArata kI muslimetara janatA kA nAma 'hindU' tathA unake dharma kA nAma 'hindU dharma' prasiddha ho gayA, yadyapi bhAratIya musalamAna bhI pazcima eziyA meM hindI' aura amerikA meM 'hindU' kahalAte rhe| bhAratIya janatA ne bhI saMsAra meM vyApaka rUpa se apane ko abhihita karanevAle ina zabdoM ko kramazaH svIkAra kara liyaa| isameM sandeha nahIM ki 'hindU' zabda bhAratIya itihAsa meM apekSAkRta bahuta arvAcIna aura videzI hai| prAcIna saMskRta sAhitya meM isakA prayoga nahIM milatA / eka atyanta paravartI tantragrantha, 'merutantra' meM isakA ullekha pAyA jAtA hai| isakA sandarbha nimnAGgita hai : paJcakhAnA saptamIrA nava sAhA mahAbalAH / hindUdharmapraloptAro jAyante cakravartinaH / / hInaJca dUzayatyeva hindurityucyate priyaM / pUrvAmnAye navazatAM SaDazItiH prakIrtitAH // (merutantra, 33 prakaraNa) uparyukta sandarbha meM 'hindU' zabda kI jo vyutpatti dI gayI hai vaha hai 'hInaM dUSayati sa hindU' arthAt jo hIna (hInatA athavA nIcatA) ko dUSita samajhatA ( usakA tyAga karatA ) hai, vaha hindU hai| isameM sandeha nahIM ki yaha yogika vyutpatti arvAcIna hai, kyoMki isakA prayoga videzI AkramaNakAriyoM ke saMdarbha meM kiyA gayA hai| vAstava meM yaha 'hindU' zabda bhaugolika hai / musalamAnoM ko yaha zabda phArasa athavA IrAna se milA thaa| phArasI koSoM meM 'hinda' aura isase vyutpanna aneka zabda pAye jAte haiM, jaise hindU, hindI, hinduvI, hinduvAnI, hindUkuza, hindasA, hindasA~, hinduvAnA, hinduecarkha, hindamanda Adi / ina zabdoM ke astitva se spaSTa hai ki 'hinda' zabda bhUlataH phArasI hai aura isakA artha 'bhAratavarSa' hai / bhArata phArasa (IrAna) kA par3osI deza thaa| isalie vahA~ isake nAma kA bahuta prayoga honA svAbhAvika thaa| phArasI meM balakha-nagara kA nAma 'hindavAra', isake pAsa ke parvata kA nAma 'hindUkuza' aura bhAratIya bhASA aura saMskRti ke lie 'hindakI' zabda milatA hai| ina zabdoM ke prayoga se yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki phArasI bolanevAle loga hinda ( bhArata ) se bhalI-bhAMti paricita the aura ve hindukuza taka ke pradeza ko bhArata kA bhAga samajhate the / nissandeha phArasa ke pUrva kA deza bhArata hI 'hinda' thaa| aba prazna yaha hai ki 'hindU' zabda phArasavAloM ko kaise milaa| phArasa ke pUrva sabase mahattvapUrNa bhaugolika avarodha evaM dRzya 'sindhu nada' aura usakI dakSiNa tathA vAmavartI sahAyaka nadiyoM kA jAla hai| pUrva se sindhu meM sIdhe milanevAlI tIna nadiyA~ vitastA ( jhelama ), paruSNI ( rAvI) aura zatadru ( satalaja) ( upanadiyoM ke sAtha ) aura pazcima se bhI tIna suvAstu ( svAta ) kubhA ( kAbula ) aura gomatI ( gomala ) haiN| ina chaH pramukha nadiyoM ke sAtha sindhu dvArA siJcita pradeza kA nAma 'haphtahendu' (saptasindha)

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hindutva 703 thaa| yaha zabda sabase pahale 'jendAvastA' ( chandAvasthA) pArasI dharmagrantha meM milatA hai / phArasI vyAkaraNa ke anusAra saMskRta kA 'sa' akSara 'ha' meM parivartita ho jAtA hai| isI kAraNa 'sindhu' 'hindu' ho gyaa| pahale 'hendu' athavA 'hinda' ke rahanevAle 'haindava' athavA 'hindU' khlaaye| dhIre-dhIre sampUrNa bhArata ke lie isakA prayoga hone lagA, kyoMki bhArata ke pazcimottara ke dezoM ke sAtha samparka kA yahI ekamAtra dvAra thaa| isI prakAra vyApaka rUpa meM bhArata meM rahanevAle logoM kA dharma hindU dharma khlaayaa| phArasI bhASA meM 'hindU' zabda ke kucha anya ghRNAsUcaka artha bhI pAye jAte haiM, yathA DAkU, sevaka, dAsa, paharedAra, kAphira ( nAstika ) Adi / ye artha avazya hI jAtIya dveSa ke pariNAma haiN| pazcimottara sImA ke loga prAyaH barAbara sAhasI aura lar3AkU pravRtti ke rahe haiN| ataH ve phArasa ke AkrAmaka, vyApArI aura yAtrI sabhI ko kaSTa dete rahe hoNge| isIlie phArasavAle unheM DAkU kahate the aura jaba phArasa ne islAma svIkAra kiyA to naye joza - meM unako kAphira ( nAstika) bhI khaa| parantu jaisA pahale likhA jA cukA hai, 'hindU' kA tAtparya zuddha bhaugo- lika thaa| __ aba prazna yaha hai ki Aja 'hindU' aura 'hindUdharma' kise kahanA caahie| isakA mala artha bhaugolika hai| isako svIkAra kiyA jAya to hinda ( bhArata ) kA rahanevAlA 'hindU' aura usakA dharma 'hindutva' hai| maslima AkramaNoM ke pUrva bhArata meM isa artha kI paramparA barAbara calatI rhii| jitanI jAtiyA~ bAhara se AyIM unhoMne 'hindu' jAti aura 'hindutva' dharma svIkAra kiyaa| isa deza meM bahuta se paramparAvAdI aura paramparAvirodhI Andolana bhI cale, kintu ve saba mila-jula kara 'hindutva' meM hI vilIna ho gye| vaidika dharma hI yahA~ kA prAcInatama suvyavasthita dharma thA jisane kramazaH anya Aryetara dharmoM ko prabhAvita kiyA aura unase svayaM prabhAvita haa| bauddha aura jaina Adi paramparA virodhI dhArmika tathA dArzanika AndolanoM kA udaya huaa| kintu kucha hI zatAbdiyoM meM ve mUla skandha ke sAtha punaH mila gye| saba milAkara jo dharma banA vahIM hindU dharma hai| yaha na to kevala mUla vaidika dharma hai aura na Aryetara jAtiyoM kI dhArmika prathA athavA vividha vizvAsa, aura nahIM bauddha athavA jaina dharma; yaha sabhI kA paJcamela aura samanvaya hai| isameM paurANika tathA tAntrika tattva juTate gaye aura paravartI dhArmika sampradAyoM, saMtoM, mahAtmAoM aura AcAryoM ne apane-apane samaya meM isake vistAra aura pariSkAra meM yoga diyaa| 'pravartaka dharma' hone ke kAraNa islAma aura IsAI dharma hindU dharma ke mahAmilana meM sammilita hone ke lie na pahale taiyAra the aura na Ajakala taiyAra haiN| kiMtu jahA~ taka hiMdutva kA prazna hai, isane kaI muhammadI aura masIhI upa-sampradAyoM ko 'hindU dharma' meM sammilita kara liyA hai| isa prakAra hiMdutva athavA hindU dharma varddhamAna vikasanazIla, udAra aura vivekapUrNa samanvayavAdI (anukaraNavAdI nahIM ) dharma hai| hindU aura hindutva kI eka paribhASA lokamAnya tilaka ne prastuta kI thI, jo nimnAGkita hai : AsindhoH sindhuparyantA yasya bhAratabhamikA / pitRbhUH puNyabhUzcaiva sa vai hinduriti smRtaH // [sindhu nadI ke udgama-sthAna se lekara sindhu ( hinda mahAsAgara) taka sampUrNa bhArata bhUmi jisakI pitRbhU ( athavA mAtRbhUmi ) tathA puNyabhU (pavitra bhUmi ) hai, vaha 'hindU' kahalAtA hai ( aura usakA dharma hindutva ) / ] sampUrNa hindU to aisA mAnate hI haiN| yahA~ basanevAle musalamAna aura IsAiyoM kI pitRbhUmi ( pUrvajoM kI bhUmi ) bhArata hai hii| yadi ise ve puNyabhUmi bhI mAna leM to hinda kI samasta janatA hindU aura unakA samanvita dharma hindutva mAnA jA sakatA hai| yaha satya kevala rAjanIti kI dRSTi se hI nahIM dharma aura zAnti kI dRSTi se bhI vAMchanIya hai| bhArata kI yahI dhArmika sAdhanA rahI hai| parantu isameM abhI kaI antardvandva vartamAna aura saMgharSazIla haiN| abhI vAMchanIya samanvaya ke lie adhika samaya aura anubhava kI apekSA hai| antardvandva tathA apavAdoM ko chor3a dene ke pazcAt apane apane vividha sampradAyoM ko mAnate hue bhI hindutva kI sarvatoniSTha mAnyatAe~ haiM, jinako svIkAra karanevAle hindU kahalAte haiN| sarvaprathama, hindU ko nigama ( veda ) aura Agama (tarkamUlaka darzana ) donoM aura kama se kama donoM

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704 meM se kisI eka ko avazya mAnanA caahie| dUsare, Izvara para vizvAsa rakhanA hindU ke lie vAMchanIya hai kintu anivArya nahIM yadi vaha koI dharma, paramArtha athavA dArza nika dRSTikoNa mAnatA hai to hindU hone ke lie paryApta hai| jahA~ taka dhArmika sAdhanA athavA vyaktigata mukti kA prazna hai, hindU ke lie ananta vikalpa haiM, yadi ve usake vikAsa aura carama upalabdhi meM sahAyaka hote haiN| naitika jIvana meM vaha janakalyANa ke lie samAna rUpa se pratibaddha haiM iSTa (yaza) pUrta ( lokakalyANakArI kArya ) koI bhI vaha kara sakatA hai / sadAcAra hI dharma kA vAstavika mUla mAnA gayA hai ( AcAra prabhavo dharmaH ); isake binA to veda bhI vyartha haiM AcArahInaM na punanti vedAH yadyapyadhItAH saha pari chandAsyenaM mRtyukAle tyajanti nIdaM zakuntA iva jAtapakSAH // ( vasiSTha smRti) , [ AcArahIna vyakti ko veda pavitra nahIM karate cAhe ve chaH aGgoM ke sAtha hI kyoM na par3he gaye hoM / mRtyukAla meM manuSya ko veda vaise hI chor3a dete haiM, jaise paMkha ugane para pakSI ghoMsale ko| ] himapUjA pUrNimA ko candramA kA jo bhagavAn viSNu kA vAma netra hai, puSpoM, dugdha ke naivedya se pUjana karanA caahie| gauoM ko lavaNa dAna karanA caahie| mAM bahina tathA putrI ko rakta vastra dekara sammAna karanA cAhie / yadi vratI hima (barpha) ke samIpa ho to use apane pitRgaNoM ko hima ke sAtha madhu, tila tathA ghI kA dAna karanA cAhie / yadi hima kA abhAva ho to mukha se kevala 'hima', 'hima' zabda kA uccAraNa karate hue brAhmaNoM ko ghRta se paripUrNa urada se bane khAdya padArtha khilAne cAhie / nRtya, gAyana, vAdana ke sAtha utsava kA Ayojana kiyA jAya tathA zyAmA devI kA pUjana ho / 1 hiraNyakazipu - eka daitya kA nAma isakI kathA saMkSepa meM isa prakAra hai| kazyapa kA putra hiraNyakazipu usakI diti patnI se utpanna huA thA / usakA sahodara hiraNyAkSa aura bhAryA kayAdhu thI / isake putroM ke nAma saMhrAda, anuhAda, hAda aura prahlAda the| isakI kanyA kA nAma siMhikA thA / yaha viSNu kA virodhI thA / isakA putra prahlAda viSNu kA bhakta thA isaliye isane apane putra himapUjA ko bahuta satAyA aura vividha prakAra kI yAtanAyeM dIM / isakA vadha karane ke liye viSNu bhagavAn ne nRsiMha avatAra dhAraNa kiyA aura apane bhayaMkara nAkhUnoM dvArA isake udara ko vidIrNa kara isako mAra ddaalaa| de0 'nRsiMhAvatAra' / 1 hiraNya kAmadhenu hiraNya athavA svarNa kI banI huI kAmadhenu / SoDaza mahAdAnoM meM isakI gaNanA hai / matsyapurANa ( adhyAya 253 ) meM isake dAna kA vistAra ke sAtha varNana hai| hiraNyagarbha brahmA devatA sRSTi ke Adi meM nArAyaNa kI preraNA se brahmANDa kA Arambhika rUpa suvarNa jaisA prakAzamAna golAkAra prakaTa huA thaa| usake phira Urdhva aura adhaH do bhAga ho gaye aura unake bIca se brahmAjI prakaTa hue de0 bhAgavata purANa / hiraNyAkSa - daitya vizeSa kA nAma jisakI A~kheM sone kI athavA sone kI taraha pIlI hoM vaha hiraNyAkSa hai / yaha diti se utpanna kazyapa kA putra thaa| purAkathA ke anusAra isane pRthvI kA apaharaNa kara viSTA ke parakoTe ke bhItara rakhA thaa| viSNu ne vArAha avatAra ke rUpa meM parakoTe kA bhedana kara isakA vadha tathA pRthvI kA uddhAra kiyA / hiraNyAzva tulApuruSAdi SoDaza mahAdAnoM meM eka vizeSa dAna | de0 matsya purANa, (adhyAya 280 ) / hiraNyAzvaratha poDaza mahAdAnoM meM eka vizeSa dAna SoDaza mahAdAnoM kI gaNanA isa prakAra hai : / Adyantu sarvadAnAnAM tulApuruSasaMjJitam / hiraNyagarbhadAnaJca brahmANDaM tadanantaram // kalpapAdapa dAnaJca gosahasraJca paJcamam / hiraNyakAdhenuJca hiraNyAzvastathaiva ca / / paJcAGgala dharAdAnaM vaya ca / hiraNyAzvadathastadvat hemahastirathastathA // dvAdazaM viSNucakraJca tataH kalpalatAtmakam / saptasAgaradAnaJca ratnanuNastathaiva ca / / mahAbhUtaghaTastadvat SoDazaH parikIrtitaH // hutAza, hutAzana - agni / isakA zAbdika artha hai 'huta ( haviSya ) hai azana (bhojana) jisakA ' / - gandharva vizeSa isakA saMgIta se sambandha hai / de0 'hAhA' / --

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hU~-haimavatI hU~ -- tantrazAkhA ke granthoM kA eka bIjAkSara, jo ugratA kA sUcaka hai / hakAro nAma karNAdayo nAdabindUvibhUSitaH / kUrcaM krodha ugradarpo dIrghahaGkAra ucyate // zikhAvaSaT ca kavacaM krodho varma hamityapi / krodhAkhyo hU~ tanutraJca zastrAdau ripusaMjJakaH // hRdaya vidhi - sUryadeva ke suprasiddha stotra 'AdityahRtya' ke pATha karane kA vidhAna, jisameM pUjA, jaya, vrata kA bho samAveza hai / hRSIkeza - viSNu kA nAma, hRSIka ( indriyoM) ke Iza (svAmI) / zaGkarAcArya (gItAbhASya ) ke anusAra " kSetrajJarUpakatvAt paramAtmatvAdvA indriyANi yadvaze vartante sa paramAtmA / " paurANikoM ke anusAra 'hRSya: jagatprItikarA kezAH razmayo yasya sa hRSIkeza:' ( jagat ko prasanna karane vAlI haiM razmiyA~ jisakI ) arthAt sUryacandrarUpa bhagavAn / mahAbhArata ke mokSadharma parva meM kahA gayA hai : sUryAcandramasoH zazvat aMzubhiH kezasaMjJitaH / bodhayat svApayaccaiva jagadudbhidyate pRthak // bodhanAt svApanAccaiva karmabhiH pANDunandana / garbasemIzAno varado lokabhAvanaH / / de0 vArAha purANa, rurukSetra hRSIkeSa mahimAnAma adhyAya; kUrma purANa adhyAya 27 / hemAdri - madhyakAlIna dharmazAstra nibandhakAroM meM hemAdri kA sthAna bahuta U~cA hai / ye bahuta bar3e lekhaka aura zAstrakAra the / inhoMne caturvarga cintAmaNi kI racanA kI jo dhArmika kriyAoM aura vratoM kA vizvakoza hai / isa grantha ke eka ullekha se vidita hotA hai ki inhoMne isa mahAkAvya grantha ko pA~ca khaNDoM meM likhane kA nizcaya kiyA thaa| ye khaNDa the vrata, dAna, tIrtha, mokSa aura parizeSa / parizeSa bhI cAra bhAgoM meM vibhakta thA -- devatA, kAla nirNaya, karmavipAka aura lakSaNa samuccaya / isa mahAgrantha kA jitanA aMza prakAzita ho cukA hai usameM vrata, dAna, zrAddha aura kAla kA nirUpaNa hai| tIrtha aura mokSa sambandhI aMza abhI taka prakAzita nahIM ho pAyA hai| hemAdri dharmazAstra ke atirikta mImAMsAzAstra ke bhI bahuta bar3e the | apane grantha meM inhoMne dharma aura 705 darzana ke avataraNoM dvArA apane prakANDa pANDitya kA pradarzana kiyA hai / caturvargacintAmaNi ke kucha ullekhoM se hemAdri ke jIvana para bhI prakAza par3atA hai / ye vatsagotrIya the, pitA kA nAma kAmadeva aura pitAmaha kA nAma vAsudeva thA | devagiri ke yAdava rAjA mahAdeva ke karaNAdhikArI ( kAryAlaya ke pramukha adhyakSa ) tathA sammAnya mantrI the / inakA jIvana kAla terahavI zatI kA uttarArddha aura caudahavIM kA pUrvArddha thA / ye bar3e dAnI aura udAra the : lipi vidhAtrA likhitAM janasya bhAle vibhUtyA parimRjya duSTAm / kalyANinImeSa likhatyainAM citra pramANIkurute vidhizca / / ( hemAdri, 1.15 3.1.17) [ vidhAtA dvArA daridra janoM ke lalATa para jo daridratA kI rekhA likha gayI thI, usa duSTa lekha ko apane dAna dvArA miTAkara ye kalyANI rekhA likhate the / vicitra to yaha hai ki brahmA isakA pramANIkaraNa bhI kara dete haiM ] caturvargacintAmaNi ( dAnakhaNDa ) meM inake sambandha meM ye udAtta zloka pAye jAte haiM : mahAdevasya hemAdriH sarvazrIkaraNaprabhuH / nijodAratayA yasya sarvazrIkaraNaprabhuH // anena cintAmaNikAmadhenu kalpadrumAnarthajanAya dattAn / vilokya zaGke kimamuSya sarvagIrvANanAtho'pi kara prado'bhUt // athAmunA dharmakathA daridra trailokyamAlokya kalerbalena / tasyApakAre dadhatAnucintAM cintAmaNiH prAdurakAri cAru / / heramba - gaNeza kA paryAya / inakA mantra nimnAMkita hai / paJcAntako vinduyukto vAmakarNavibhUSitaH / tArAdihRdayAnto'yaM herambamanudIritaH // caturvarNAtmako nRRNAM caturvargaphalapradaH // dhyAna isa prakAra hai : pAzAGkuzI kalpalatAM viSANa dadhatsvazuNDAhitabIjapUraH / raktastrine staruNIndumaulirhArojjvalo hastimukho'vatAdvaH // haimavatI - pArvatI, himavAn ( himAlaya ) kI putrI / devIbhAgavata (12.8.57) meM kahA hai, "umAbhidhAnAM purato devIM haimavatIM zivAm / "

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haihaya-hlAdinI haihaya-yAdavoM kI eka zAkhA / ye loga kucha samaya taka hotra--homa karane kI kriyA athavA ajJa / de0 'homa' / vItahavya ( yajJa kA tyAga karane vAle ) the| bhArgavoM se| homa-agni meM devatAoM ke lie kisI vastu kA vidhiinakA saMgharSa thaa| isI vaMza ke sahasrArjuna kArtavIrya kA pUrvaka prakSepa / yaha paJca mahAyajJoM meM se eka yajJa hai| manu parazurAma se yuddha huA thaa| pIche haihayoM kI eka zAkhA kA kathana hai : brAhmaNa aura vaidika karmakANDa kI samarthaka bana gayI / deH atharvaveda, brahmagavIsUkta / adhyApanaM brahmayajJaH pitRyajJastu tarpaNam / hotA-Rgveda kA pATha karane vAlA / amarakoSa homo devo balibhauM to nayajJo'tithipUjanam // (2.7.17 ) meM isakA artha 'RgvedavettA' batAyA gayA homaka-hotA kA paryAya / matsya purANa (93.128-129) hai| 'dAyabhAga' TIkA meM zrI kRSNatakaliMkAra ne isakA meM ATha prakAra ke hotA batalAye gaye haiM : artha 'homakartA' kiyA hai| unakA kathana hai, 'viziSTa dezAvacchinnaprakSepopahitahavistyAgasya homatvAt prakSe pUrvadvAre ca saMsthApya vahva.caM vedapAragam / pasya tadabhidhAnanimittamityarthaH / tena dhAtvarthatAva yajurvidaM tathA yAmye pazcime sAmavedinam / / cchedakaprakSepAnukUla vyApArayati Rtviji hotA ityAdi atharvavedinaM tadvaduttare sthApayed budhaH / vyapadezaH / " homakriyA meM mukhyataH Rgveda mantra par3hakara aSTau tu homakAH kAryA vedavedAGgavedinaH / / AhatiyA~ dI jAtI hai| ataH hotA RgvedavettA hI hlAdinI-eka vizeSa zakti / yaha bhagavAna kI hI sukharUpa hotA hai| zakti hai jo vizva ko Ananda pradAna karatI hai /

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