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PRAJNADANDA
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and ĝ= žin ( after 5 n, s n, s m, 3ḥ, I r, I, and vowels), form with verbs a kind of participle, present when used after a verb of the present tense and past when after that of the past tense ; e. g. y ĝ= smra. žin 'saying'; v smras. sin ‘having said'. Put between two adjectives they have the sense of the conjn. ‘and' as in the present case.
3. b. w as skyes. gyur, lit. sambhūta 'born'. Here is skyes (pf. of #'to be born') is quite sufficient to give the meaning of the past tense, yet 75 gyur (pf. of 275:hgyur.ba 'to become)', is added to it superfluously. Like 375 gyur, such words as af zin (pf. of Be h dzad.pa 'to terminate', 'to be at the end'), v son (pf. of Bata hgro.ba 'to go) are added to vbs. to signify the past tense.
4. d. 2755921 rig.dan. bral.na, lit. vidyāviruhe 'in the absence of learning'.
1. Skt. SA, 260.
2. a. 59.355:7 bole.ba hdod.na, lit. sukhakāme sati 'in the desire of happiness'. So is 2593555 rig.pa ḥdod. na ‘in the desire of learning' in b.
