Nirgranthasampraday Jaintarkbhasha Gyanbinduparishilan

Author(s): Sukhlal Sanghavi, Nagin J Shah
Publisher: Jagruti Dilip Sheth Dr
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/001199/1

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nircanthasaMpradAya. jainatarkabhASA-zAnabinduparizIlana (paMDita sukhalAlajInA traNa hiMdI lekhono sauprathama gujarAtI anuvAda) lekhaka paMDita sukhalAlajI anuvAdaka nagIna jI. zAha pUrva adhyakSa, ela. DI. indirATyuTa opha inDolojI, amadAvAda saMskRta- saMsakRti graMthamAlA 11 sAmAnya saMpAdaka nagIna jI. zAha

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nigranthasaMpradAya jainatakabhASA-jJAnabiparizIlana (paMDita sukhalAlajInAtraNa hiMdIlekhono sauprathamagujarAtI anuvAda) lekhaka paMDita sukhalAlajI anuvAdaka nagIna jI. zAha pUrva adhyakSa, ela. DI. InsTiTyUTa oNpha InDolojI, amadAvAda saMskRta-saMskRti graMthamAlA11 sAmAnya saMpAdaka nagIna jI. zAha

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prakAzaka DaoN. jAgRti dIlIpa zeTha, pIeca.DI. B-14, devadarzana phleTa, naherunagara cAra rastA, AMbAvADI, amadAvAda-380 015 mudraka ke. bhIkhAlAla bhAvasAra zrI svAminArAyaNa mudraNa maMdira 12, zAyonA esTeTa, dUdhezvara roDa, zAhIbAga, amadAvAda-380 004. 2006 kiMmata : rU. 150=00 prAptisthAna sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra hAthIkhAnA, ratanapoLa, amadAvAda-380 001

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anuvAdaka-granthamAlAsaMpAdakanuM nivedana bhAratIya darzana ane saMskRtinA kSetranA vizvavikhyAta cintaka ane saMzodhaka paMDita sukhalAlajInAM vicArapreraka mahattvanAM Aja sudhI gujarAtImAM anUdita thayA vinA rahelAM traNa hiMdI lakhANono sauprathama gujarAtI anuvAda saMskRta-saMskRti granthamAlAmAM prakAzita karatAM huM Ananda anubhavuM chuM. A anuvAda granthanuM 'nigrantha saMpradAya' nAmanuM prathama prakaraNa e jaina saMskRti saMzodhana maMDala dvArA banArasathI I.sa. 1947mAM prakAzita A ja zIrSaka dharAvatA hiMdI laghugranthano gujarAtI anuvAda che. 'jainatarkabhASAnuM parizIlana' ane 'jJAnabindunuM parizIlana' A be prakaraNo e paMDitajIe saMpAdita karelA ane siMdhI jaina granthamAlAe muMbaIthI kramarAH I.sa.1940 ane I.sa.1949mAM prakAzita karelA tArkikaziromaNi upAdhyAya yazovijayajIkRta saMskRta grantho jainatarkabhASA ane jJAnabindunI paMDitajIe lakhelI vidvattApUrNa hiMdI prastAvanAono ja gujarAtI anuvAda che. paMDitajInAM A lakhANo aitihAsika ane tulanAtmaka dRSTie lakhAyAM che. paMDitajIe aitihAsika daSTinuM mUlya vistArapUrvaka samartha rIte samajAvyuM che. (juo pRSTha 2-5). aitihAsika ane tulanAtmaka daSTi kaTTaratAne nirmULa kare che ane anekAntabhAvanAne poSe che, maitrIbhAva-udAratAne janma de che ane saMpradAyo vacce janmelI vaimanasyanI khAIne pUre che, satyane prakaTa kare che ane satyaniSThAne daDha kare che. jUThANAmAMthI, ajJAnamAMthI, bhramamAMthI, vahemamAMthI janmelI ane temanAthI poSAtI zraddhA ane bhakti aMdhazraddhA che, aMdhabhakti che, buddhine kuMThita karI teno nAza karavAnI vAta che. jJAnapUrvikA, buddhipUta zraddhAja samyak zraddhA che. jJAnane, buddhine, tarkane, mananane UtArI pADavAnI vAta AdhyAtmika pragatinI paNa bAdhaka che. eTale ja yogavidyApAraMgata samadarzI AcArya zrI haribhadrasUri yuktima vacanane ja grahaNa karavA kahe che. buddha paNa potAnA vacananI parIkSA karyA pachI ja tene svIkAravA jaNAve che. tApA chetAnna niSAt suvarnamitra pasiaH / parIkSNa mikSano grAhya madUtta na tu pauvAt / ane jainasiddhAntarahasyavedI mahAmedhAvI AcArya zrI siddhasena divAkarajI potAnA zrAvakone cetavaNInA sUramAM kahe che - " 'guruonAM vacana avandhya, amogha, taddana sAcAM ja hoya eTale mAre temano svIkAra vicAra karyA vinA ja karI levo joIe, huM to alpamativALo chuM, huM zuM samajuM !' AvuM je vicAre che te potAnA jJAnaguNano nArA, potAnA Atmika vikAsanonArA, potAno nArA karavA mATe ja doTa mUke che.'' avayyavAyA puravo'damapadhIriti vyavasyanuM svavadhAya dhAti / batrIsabatrIsI 6.6. mAro vicAra granthamAlAnI pUrNAhuti karavAno hato. prakAzita granthonA Dhaga thatA jAya che. eTale A granthane prakAzita karavA mArA paricita prakAzakone kahyuM. temaNe kahyuM ke AvAM pustakone koI sparzatuM paNa nathI, kharca mAthe paDe. na chUTake mAre granthamAlA cAlu rAkhI temAM prakAzita karavuM paDyuM. paraMtu mAtra eka so nakala ja chapAvI, vadhu chapAvuM to badhI pastImAM ja jAya. eTale kiMmata paNa vadhu thaI, badho kharca so nakala para paDyo. jijJAsuo ane abhyAsIo A grantha vAMcaze to temane jJAnalAbha thaze ja enI mane khAtarI che. 23,vAlkezvara sosAyaTI AMbAvADI, amadAvAda - 380015 2, okTobara, 2006. nagIna jI. zAha anuvAdaka - granthamAlAsaMpAdaka

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153 viSayAnukama prathama prakaraNaH nigraMnyasampradAya zramaNa nirgandha dharmano paricaya 1, sva-para mAnyatAo ane aitihAsika daSTi 2, aitihAsika daSTinuM mUlyAMkana 4, Agamika sAhityanuM aitihAsika sthAna 5, jenAgama ane bauddhAgamano saMbaMdha 5, buddha ane mahAvIra 7, nirgastha paraMparAno buddha para prabhAva 7, prAcIna AcAra-vicAranA keTalAka muddA 8. sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra 9-31, jene samAjamAM khaLabhaLATa ane AMdolana 9, mAMsa-masyAdinI akhAdyatA ane pakSabheda 10, ItihAsano aMgulinirdeza 10, mAnavasvabhAvanAM be virodhI pAsAM 11, aitihAsika tulanA 12, virodhatAMDava 12, prAcIna arthanI rakSA 13, arthabhedanI mImAMsA 14, saMghanI nirmANa prakriyA 14, ApavAdika sthiti 15, ahiMsA-saMyama-tapano mudrAlekha 16, virodhI prazna ane samAdhAna 16, eka vRttamAM aneka phaLa 18, AgamonI prAcInatA 19, utsargaapavAdanI carcA 20, ahiMsaka bhAvanAno pracAra ane vikAsa 21, boddha paraMparAmAM mAMsanA grahaNa-agrahaNano UhApoha 24, vaidika zAstromAM hiMsA-ahiMsAnI daSTie arthabhedano itihAsa 27, hInayAna ane mahAyAna 30, acelatva-sacela- 31-33, tapa 33-37, AcAra-vicAra 38, cAturyAma 3941, uposatha-pauSadha 41-46, bhASAvicAra 46-48, tridaDa 48-50, lezyAvicAra 505 2, sarvajJatva 52-53. bIjuM prakaraNaH jenatI bhASAnuM parizIlana 54-60 granthakAra 54, grantha 57. trIjuM prakaraNa : jJAnabindunuM parizIlana 21-124 granthakAra 61, granthanuM bAhya svarU5 61-72, nAma 61, viSaya 63, racanArolI 72. jJAnanI sAmAnya carcA 7381, jJAnasAmAnyanuM lakSaNa 73, jJAnanI pUrNa-apUrNa avasthAo tathA te avasthAonAM kAraNo ane pratibaMdhaka karmonuM vizleSaNa 74, jJAnAvaraka karmanuM svarUpa 75, eka tattvamAM 'AvRtAnAvRtatvanA virodhano parihAra 76, vedAnta matamAM 'AvRtAnAvRtatvanI anupatti 76, apUrNajJAnagata tAratamya ane tenI nivRttinuM kAraNa 77, kSayaparAmanI prakriyA 79. matiyutajJAnanI carcA 81-100, matine mRtanI bhedarekhAno prayatna 81, mRtanizcita ane amRtanizrita mati 84, caturvidha vAkyarthanA jJAnano itihAsa 86, ahiMsAnA svarUpano vicAra tathA vikAsa 90, SasthAnapatitatva ane pUrvagata gAthA 95, matijJAnanA vizeSa nirUpaNamAM navo UhApoha 97. avadhi ane mana:paryAyanI carcA 100-102, kevalajJAnanI carcA 102-123, kevalajJAnanA astitvanI sAdhaka yukti 102, kevalajJAnanuM parikRta lakSaNa 104, kevalajJAnanAM utpAdaka kAraNono prazna 105, rAgAdidoSonA jJAnAvarakatva ane karmajanyatvano prazna 107, nairAmya Adi bhAvanAonuM nirUpaNa ane vairAgya bhAvanAno nirAsa-109, brahmajJAnano nirAsa 110, zruti ane smRtionuM jainamatAnukULa vyAkhyAna 112, keTalAMka jJAtavya jaina mantavyonuM kathana 112, kevalajJAna- kevaladarzanopayoganA bhedabhedanI carcA 114, granthakAranuM tAtparya tathA temanI svapajJa vicAraNA 121.

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prathama prakaraNa nircanthasampradAya zramaNa nirjhanya dharmano paricaya: brAhmaNa ke vaidika dharmAnuyAyI saMpradAyano virodhI saMpradAya zramaNa saMpradAya kahevAya che. AzramaNa saMpradAya bhAratamAM saMbhavataH vaidika saMpradAyano praveza thayo tenA pahelethI ja koIne koI rUpamAM ane koIne koI pradezamAM avazya mojUda hato. zramaNa saMpradAyanI zAkhAo ane prazAkhAo aneka hatI, temAM sAMkhya, jaina, bauddha, AjIvaka Adi nAmo suvidita che. zramaNa saMpradAyanI purANI aneka zAkhAo ane pratizAkhAo je pahelAM to vaidika saMpradAyanI virodhI hatI te eka yA bIjA kAraNe vaidika saMpradAyamAM dhIre dhIre bilakula bhaLI gaI che. udAharaNa tarIke ApaNe vaiSNava ane zaiva saMpradAyanuM sUcana karI zakIe. purANAM vaiSNava ane zeva Agamavaidika saMpradAyathI kevaLa bhinna ja nahatAM, paraMtu teno virodha paNa karatAM hatAM ane A kAraNe vaidika saMpradAyanA samarthaka AcAryo paNa purANAM vaiSNava ane zeva Agamone vedavirodhI mAnIne temane vedabAhya mAnatA hatA. paraMtu Aje ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke te ja vaiSNava ane zaiva saMpradAya ane temanI aneka zAkhAo vaidika saMpradAyamAM bilakula sammilita thaI gaI che. A ja sthiti sAMkhya saMpradAyanI che jene pahelAM avaidika mAnavAmAM Avato hato paNa Aja vaidika manAya che. AvuM hovA chatAM keTalAka zramaNa saMpradAyo Aja paNa evA che je khuda potAne avaidika ja mAne-manAve che ane vaidika vidvAno paNa te saMpradAyone avaidika ja mAnatA AvyA che. AvuM kema banyuM? A prazna bahu mahattvano che, paraMtu tenI vizeSa carcAnuM A sthAna nathI. ahIMto eTaluM ja prastuta che ke pahelethI Aja sudhI bilakula avaidika rahevAvALA ane kahevAvAvALA saMpradAyo atyAre paNa jIvatA che. A saMpradAyomAM jaina ane bauddha mukhya che. joke ahIM AjIvaka saMpradAyanuM paNa nAma gaNAvI zakAya, paraMtu tenuM sAhitya ane teno ItihAsa svatantarUpe upalabdha na hovAnAkAraNe tathA sAtamI sadI pachI teno pravAha anya nAmomAM ane anya svarUpomAM badalAI javAnA kAraNe ame ahIM teno nirdeza karatA nathI. jaina ane bauddha saMpradAya aneka parivartanazIla paristhitiomAMthI pasAra thavA chatAM paNa tevA ja jIvita che jevA vaidika saMpradAya tathAjarasthItI, yahUdI, khristI Adi dharmamata jIvita che. jenAmatano pUro itihAsa to aneka pustakomAM ja lakhI zakAya. ahIM amAro uddeza jaina saMpradAyanA prAcIna svarUpa upara thoDoka aitihAsika prakAza pADavAno ja mAtra che. prAcIna' zabdathI ahIM amAro abhiprAyacULarUpe bhagavAna pArzvanAthanAsamaya(I.sa. pUrva800)thI laIne lagabhaga azokanA samaya sudhIno che. 'prAcIna' zabdathI upara sUcavAyelA lagabhaga pAMcaso varSanA nirainya paraMparAnA itihAsamAM samAveza pAmanArI badhI vAto upara vicAra karavo A lekhano uddeza nathI kemake

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2 nirprangasampradAya A kAma paNa A nAnA lekha dvArA pUruM na thaI zake. ahIM ApaNe jaina saMpradAya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI gaNIgAMThI te vAto upara vicAra karIzuM je bauddha piTakomAM eka yA bIjA rUpamAM maLe che, ane jemanuM samarthana koI ne koI rUpamAM prAcIna nigrantha Agamo dvArA paNa thAya che. zramaNa saMpradAyanI sAmAnya ane saMkSipta pichANa e che ke te na to apauruSeyaanAdirUpe yA IzvararacitarUpe vedonuM prAmANya svIkAre che ke na to brAhmaNavarganuM jAtIya yA purohita hovAnA saMbaMdhe gurupada svIkAre che, jevuM vaikika saMpradAya vedo ane brAhmaNonA aMge mAne che ane svIkAre che. badhA zramaNasaMpradAyo potapotAnA saMpradAyanA puraskartArUpe koIne koI yogyatama puruSane mAnIne tenAM vacanone ja aMtima pramANa mAne che ane jAtinI apekSAe guNanI pratiSThA karIne saMnyAsI yA gRhatyAgI varganuM ja gurupada svIkAre che. prAcInakALathI zramaNasaMpradAyanI badhI zAkhA-pratizAkhAomAM guru yA tyAgI varganA mATe nIce jaNAvelA rAbdo sAdhAraNapaNe vaparAtA hatA - zramaNa, bhikSu, anagAra, yati, sAdhu, tapasvI, parivrAjaka, arhat, jina, tIrthaMkara vagere. bauddha ane AjIvaka Adi saMpradAyonI jema jaina saMpradAya paNa potAnA guruvarga mATe upara jaNAvelA zabdono prayoga pahelethI ja karato Avyo che tema chatAM eka zabda evo che jeno prayoga jaina saMpraThAya ja potAnA AkhA itihAsamAM pahelethI Aja sudhI potAnA guruvarga mATe karato Avyo che. te zabda che 'nirguntha' (niggantha). jaina Agamo anusAra 'niggantha' ane bauddha piTako anusAra 'nigaMTha' che. jyAM sudhI ApaNe jANIe chIe tyAM sudhI, aitihAsika sAdhanonA AdhAre ApaNe kahI razakIe chIe ke jaina paraMparA sivAya bIjI koI paNa paraMparAmAM guruvarga mATe nigrantha zabda supracalita ane rUDha thayelo maLato nathI. A kAraNe jaina zAstrane 'nigUMtha pAvayaNa' arthAt 'nigrantha pravacana' kahevAmAM Ave che.? bIjA koI saMpradAyanA zAstrane nigrantha pravacana kahevAmAM AvatuM nathI. sva-para mAnyatAo ane aitihAsika dRSTi: badhI jAti ane saMpradAyavALA bhinna bhinna prazno ane viSayo aMge amuka amuka mAnyatAo dharAvatA dekhAya che. te mAnyatAoe temanA dilomAM eTalAM UMDA mULa nAkhI dIdhAM hoya che ke temane tevI mAnyatAo aMge koI saMdeha sudhdhAM nathI thato. jo koI saMdeha prakaTa kare to temane prANa jAya tenAthI paNa vadhu AghAta lAge che. te mAnyatAomAM aneka mAnyatAo kharekhara taddana sAcI hoya che, bhale ne tevI mAnyatAo dharAvanAra loko temanuM samarthana karI zakatA paNa na hoya ane samarthananAM sAdhano mojUda hovA chatAM paNa temano upayoga karavAnuM jANatA na hoya. evI mAnyatAone ApaNe akSararAH mAnIne AMtarika saMtoSa dhAraNa karI zakIe, tathA temanA dvArA ApaNe ApaNo jIvanavikAsa paNa kadAca sAdhI zakIe. udAharaNArtha, jaino jJAtaputra mahAvIra viSayaka ane bauddho tathAgata buddha viSayaka potapotAnA paraMparAgata saMskAronA tathA potapotAnI paraMparAgata mAnyatAonA 1. AcArAMga 1.3.1.108 2. bhagavatI9.6.383

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sva-paramAnyatAo ane aitihAsika daSTi AdhAre, aitihAsika tathyonI bilakula tapAsaryA vinA paNa temanI bhakti-upAsanA tathA temanI jIvanautkrAMtinA anusaraNa dvArA potAno AdhyAtmika vikAsa sAdhI zake che tema chatAM jyAre bIjAonI AgaLa potAnI mAnyatAo rajU karavAno tathA potAnA vicArone sAcA sAbita karavAno prazna khaDo thAya che tyAre kevaLa eTaluM ja kahevAthI kAma cAlatuM nathI ke Apa mArA kathanane mAnI lo, mArA upara vizvAsa rAkho'. ApaNe bIjAonI AgaLa ApaNI vAtone yA mAnyatAone pratItikara thAya e rIte, vizvAsa bese e rIte, gaLe Utare e rIte rajU karavI hoya to enI sIdhIsAdI ane sarvamAnyarIta e ja che ke ApaNe aitihAsika daSTi dvArA temanI AgaLa ApaNI vAtonI saccAI sAbita karIe. koI paNa bhinna abhiprAya dharAvatI vyakti aitihAsika tathya AgaLa jhUkI ja jAya che. A ja nyAya khuda ApaNane potAne paNa lAgu paDe che. bIjAonA vize ApaNAmAM game teTalo moTo pUrvagraha kema na hoya paraMtu jo ApaNe aitihAsika daSTie ApaNAmAM rahelA pUrvagrahanI tapAsa karIzuM to satyapatha upara ApaNe saraLatAthI AvI zakIzuM. ajJAna, bhrama ane vahema je bhinna bhinna jAtio ane saMpradAyo vacce lAMbIpahoLI khAI pedA kare che arthAt hRdayone ekabIjAthI aLagA kare che temano saraLatAthI nAza karIne hRdayo vaccenI alagatAnI khAIne pUravAnuM eka mAtra sAdhana aitihAsika daSTino upayoga che. A kAraNe ja ahIM ApaNe nirgastha saMpradAya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI keTalIka vAtonI aitihAsika daSTie tapAsa karIne temanuM aitihAsika mUlya pragaTa karavA icchIe chIe. je gaNyAgAMThyA muddAo ane prazno aMge jaina saMpradAyane pahelAM kyAreya saMdeha hato nahi te prazno aMge videzI vidvAnonA mate kevaLabIjAonA manamAM ja nahi paraMtu paraMparAgata na saMskAravALAonA manamAM paNa thoDoka saMdeha pedA karI dIdho hato. ahIM ApaNe e vicAravuM joIe ke Akhare AvuM thAya che kema? videzI vidvAna eka cheDe hatA to ApaNe bIjA cheDe. videzI vidvAnonI saMzodhaka vRtti ane satya daSTie navayuga upara eTalo badho prabhAva jamAvI dIdho hato ke koI temanA matanI viruddhabaLapUrvaka ane dalIlo sAthe potAno mata pratipAdita karI zakatuM nahi. ApaNI pAse ApaNI mAnyatAnAM poSaka akAdya aitihAsika sAdhano hovA chatAM paNa ApaNe te sAdhanono ApaNA potAnA pakSamAM yathArthapaNe pUro upayoga karavAnuM jANatA na hatA. tethI ApaNI samakSa zarUAtamAM be ja rastA hatA- kAM to ApaNe videzI vidvAnonA matane dalIla ryA vinA jUTho kahIne amAnya karIe kAM to ApaNA potAnA pakSa taraphI dalIlonA abhAvanA kAraNe aitihAsikonI vaijJAnika daSTinA prabhAvamAM AvIne ApaNe ApaNI potAnI satya vAtane paNa aNasamajanA lIdhe choDI daI videzI vidvAnonI zodhane mAnI laIe, svIkArI laIe. ApaNI pAse paraMparAnA saMskAro sivAya potapotAnI mAnyatAnAM samarthaka aneka aitihAsika pramANo mojUda hatAM. ApaNe kevaLa te pramANono upayoga karavAnuM jANatA na hatA. bIjI bAju, videzI vidvAna aitihAsika sAdhanono upayoga karavo to jANatA hatA paraMtu zarUAtamAM temanI pAse aitihAsika sAdhano pUrAM na hatAM. tethI teo adhUrAM sAdhanonA AdhAre koI vAta upara eka nirNaya pragaTa karatA hatA. bIjI tarapha, ApaNe sAdhano hovA chatAM paNa temano upayoga karyA vinA ja te vAta upara taddana

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nigraMnyasampradAya virodhI nirNaya rajU karatA hatA. Ama eka ja vAta upara yA eka ja muddA upara be paraspara virodhI nirNayo potAnI sAme AvavAthI navayuganI vyakti ApoApa saMdehazIla banI jAya to emAM Azcarya pAmavA jevI koI vAta nathI. ApaNe uparyukta vicArane ekAda udAharaNa dvArA samajavAnI koziza karIe. aitihAsika daSTinuM mUlyAMkana jaina paraMparA bauddha paraMparAthI purANI che ane tenA aMtima puraskartA mahAvIra buddhathI judI vyakti che e bAbata koI paNa jaina vyaktine kadI saMdeha hato nahi. AvI satya ane asaMdigdha vastunA viruddha paNa videzI vidvAnonA mato pragaTa thavA lAgyA. zarUmAM pro. lAsene lakhyuM ke "buddha ane mahAvIra eka ja vyakti che kema ke jaina ane bauddha paraMparAnI mAnyatAomAM anekavidha samAnatA che. thoDA varSo pachI adhika sAdhanonI upalabdhi tathA adhyayananA baLe pro. vebara Adi vidvAnoe e mata pragaTa karyo ke "jena dharma bauddha dharmanI eka zAkhA che, te tenAthI svataMtra nathI.' AgaLa upara vizeSa sAdhanonI upalabdhi ane vizeSa parIkSAnA baLa upara pro. yAkobIe upara jaNAvelA baMne matonuM nirAkaraNa karIne e sthApyuM ke "jaina ane bauddha saMpradAya baMne svataMtra che eTaluM ja nahi paNa jaina saMpradAya bauddha saMpradAyathI purANo paNa che ane jJAtaputra mahAvIra to te saMpradAyanA antima puraskartA mAtra che.' lagabhaga savA so varSa jeTalA parimita kALamAM eka ja muddA upara aitihAsikomAM mata badalAto rahyo, paraMtu enI vacce koI jene potAnI yathArtha vAtane paNa te aitihAsika rItathI duniyAnI AgaLa rajU na karI je rItathI pro. yAkobIe aMte rajU karI. yAkobI pAse adhikatara sAdhanate ja hatAM je pratyeka jaina vidvAna pAse anAyAsa ja upalabdha rahetAM AvyAM che. yAkobIe kevaLa eTaluM ja karyuM ke jaina graMthomAM maLatI hakIkatone bauddha Adi vAbhayamAM varNita hakIkato sAthe meLavIne aitihAsika daSTie parIkSA karI ane chevaTe jaina saMpradAyanI mAnyatAnI saccAI para mahora mArI dIdhI. je vAta jaino mAnatA hatA temAM yAkobIe koI vadhAro karyo nathI tema chatAM jene saMpradAyanI bauddha saMpradAyathI prAcInatA ane bhagavAna mahAvIranuM tathAgata buddhathI svataMtra vyaktitva A be muddA upara ApaNA sAMpradyAyika jaina vidvAnonA abhiprAyanuM te sArvajanika mUlya nathI je sArvajanika mUlya yAkobInA abhiprAyanuM che. vAcaka A aMtaranuM rahasya pote potAnI meLe ja samajI zake che ke yAkobI upalabdha aitihAsika sAdhanonA balAbalanI parIkSA karIne kahe che jyAre sAMpradAyika jaina vidvAno kevaLa sAMpradAyika mAnyatAne koI paNa jAtanI parIkSAryA vinA ja pragaTa kare che. tethI e spaSTa thaI jAya che ke sArvajanika mAnasa parIkSita satyane jeTaluM mAne che teTaluM aparIkSita satyane mAnatuM nathI. A kAraNe ApaNe A lekhamAM nirjhanya saMpradAya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI keTalIka vAto upara etihAsika parIkSA dvArA prakAza pADavA mAgIe chIe, jethI vAcako e jANI zake ke nirjhanya saMpradAya vize je mAvyo jaina saMpradAyamAM pracalita che te kyAM sudhI satya che ane temane keTalo aitihAsika AdhAra che. 3. s.B.E. Vol. 22, Introduction p. 19. 4. ejana, pR. 18 5. ejana.

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jainAgama ane bauddhAgamano saMbaMdha Agamika sAhityanuM aitihAsika sthAnaH nigrantha saMpradAyanAM AcAra ane tattvajJAna sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA je muddAo upara ApaNe aitihAsika daSTie vicAra karavA mAgIe chIe te muddAo jaina Agamika sAhityamAM jevA ne tevA maLI jAya che to pachI te Agamika sAhityanA AdhAre temane yathArtha mAnIne zA mATe saMtuSTa na rahevAya ? - A prazna koI paNa zraddhALu jainanA manamAM UThI rAke che. tethI ahIM e paNa darzAvavuM jarUrI banI jAya che ke ApaNe Agamika sAhityamAM kahevAmAM AvelI vAtonI parIkSA zA mATe karIe chIe ? ApaNI AgaLa mukhyapaNe be vargo mojUda che. eka varga to evo che je mAtra prAcIna Agamone ja nahi paNa temanI TIkA-anuTIkA vagere uttarakAlIna sAhityane paNa akSararAH sarvajJapraNIta yA tatsadaza mAnIne ja potAno mata banAve che. bIjo varga evo che je kAM to Agamone ane pachInI vyAkhyAone aMzataH mAne che kAM to bilakula ja nathI mAnato. AvI paristhitimAM Agamika sAhityanA AdhAre nirvivAda paNe badhAMnI AgaLa koI vAta rajU karavI hoya to e jarUrI banI jAya che ke prAcIna Agamo ane temanI vyAkhyAomAM kahevAmAM AvelI vAtonI yathArthatA bahAranAM sAdhanothI tapAsavAmAM Ave, parIkSavAmAM Ave. jo bahAranAM sAdhano AgamavarNita vastuonuM samarthana karatAM hoya to mAnavuM paDaze ke AgamabhAga avazya pramANabhUta che. bahAranAM sAdhano dvArA pUruM samarthana pAmanAra AgamabhAgone pachI ApaNe eka yA bIjA kAraNe kRtrima kahIne pheMkI daI zakatA nathI. Ama aitihAsika parIkSA eka bAju Agamika sAhityane arvAcIna yAkRtrima kahIne bilakula ja na mAnanArAone tenuM sApekSa prAmANya svIkAravA pharaja pADe che, to bIjI bAju Agama sAhityane taddana sarvajJapraNIta mAnIne jevuM che tevuM ja svIkArI lenArAone tenuM prAmANya vivekapUrvaka svIkAravAnI zikSA-zikhAmaNa Ape che. have ApaNe joIzuM ke AvAM bahAranAM sAdhano kyAM che je nirprantha saMpradAyanA Agamakathita prAcIna svarUpanuM sIdhuM prabaLa samarthana karatAM hoya. jainAgama ane bauddhAgamano saMbaMdha jo ke prAcIna bauddha piTaka ane prAcIna vaidika-paurANika sAhitya e baMne prastuta parIkSAmAM sahAyakArI che tema chatAM paNa Agamakathita nirprantha saMpradAyanI sAthe jeTalo ane jevo sIdho saMbaMdha bauddha piTakono che teTalo ane tevo saMbaMdha vaidika yA paurANika sAhityano nathI. tenAM nIce jaNAvelAM kAraNo che - eka to jaina saMpradAya ane bauddha saMpradAya baMneya zramaNa saMpradAya che. tethI temano saMbaMdha bhrAtRbhAva jevo che. bIjuM kAraNa e ke bauddha saMpradAyanA sthApaka gautama buddha tathA nirprantha saMpradAyanA aMtima puraskartA jJAtaputra mahAvIra baMne samakAlIna hatA. te kevaLa samakAlIna ja nahi paraMtu samAna yA eka ja kSetramAM (pradezamAM) jIvanayApana karanArA hatA. baMnenI pravRttinuM dhAma eka pradeza ja nahi paraMtu eka ja zahera, eka ja mahollo ane eka ja kuTuMba paNa rahyuM. bannenA anuyAyIo paNa paraspara maLatA hatA ane potapotAnA pUjya puruSonA upadezo tathA AcAro upara

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nigraMnyasampradAya mitrabhAve yA pratispardhibhAve carcA paNa karatA hatA. eTaluM ja nahi paNa aneka anuyAyIo evA paNa nIkaLyA je bane mahApuruSone samAna bhAve mAnatA hatA. keTalAka evA paNa anuyAyIo hatA je pahelAM koI ekanA anuyAyI rahyA hatA paraMtu pachI bIjAnA anuyAyI banI gayA, mAno yA samajo ke mahAvIra ane buddhanA anuyAyIo evA pADozI yA evA kuTuMbI hatA jemano sAmAjika saMbaMdha bahu ja najIkano hato. kahevuM to evuM joIe ke jANe eka ja kuTuMbanA aneka sadasya bhinna bhinna mAnyatAo dharAvatA hatA jevuM Aja paNa jovAmAM Ave che. 6 trIjuM kAraNa nirgastha saMpradAyanI aneka vAtonuM buddha tathA temanA samakAlIna ziSyoe AMkhe dekhyuM hoya tevuM varNana kyuM che, bhale ne te khaMDanadaSTie karyuM hoya ke prAsaMgikapaNe karyuM hoya? - bauddha piTakonA je je bhAgamAM nirjhanya saMpradAya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI vAtono nirdeza che te badhA bhAga buddhanAM sAkSAt vacano yA zabdo che evuM mAnI zakAya nahi, tema chatAM evA bhAgomAM amuka aMzA evo avAya che je buddhanA yA temanA samakAlIna ziSyonA kAM to zabdo che kAM to temanA potAnA bhAvono saMgrahamAtra che. AgaLa upara bauddha bhikSuoe nircanya saMpradAyanA je bhinna bhinna AcAro yA vicAro (mantavyo) upara TIkA yA samAlocanA cAlu rAkhI te kharekhara koI navI vastu na hotAM tathAgata buddhanI nirganja AcAravicAra pratye je daSTi hatI teno ja vividha rUpe vistAra mAtra che. khuda buddhe karelI ninya saMpradAyanI samAlocanA samakAlIna ane uttarakAlIna bhikSuonI sAmena hota to te bhikSuo nircantha saMpradAyanAM bhinna bhinna pAsAMo upara punaruktino ane piSTapeSaNano bhaya rAkhyA vinA ATalo badho vistAra karavAnuM cAlu na rAkhata. upalabdha bauddha piTakano bahu moTo hiso azokanA samaya sudhImAM sunizcita ane sthira thaI gayelo manAya che. buddhanA jIvanathI laIne azokanA samaya sudhInA lagabhaga aDhI so varSamAM bauddha piTakonuM upalabdha svarUpa ane parimANa racita, grathita ane saMkalita thayuM che. A aDhI so varSa daramyAna navA navA staro thatA gayA, paraMtu temanAmAM buddhanuM samakAlIna prAcIna stara - bhalene bhASA ane racanAnA parivartana sAthe ja ho- paNa che avaraya. AgaLa uparanA staro bahudhA prAcIna staronA mALakhA upara ane prAcIna staronA viSayo upara ja banatA gayA ane vistaratA gayA. tethI bauddha piTakomAM maLato nigrantha saMpradAyanA AcAra-vicArano nirdeza aitihAsika daSTie bahumUlyavAna che. pachI jyAre ApaNe bauddha piTakomAM maLatA nircantha saMpradAya aMgenAte nirdezone khuda nigrantha pravacanarUpe upalabdha Agamika sAhityanA nirdezonI sAthe zabda ane bhAvanI daSTie meLavIe chIe to emAM koI saMdeha raheto nathI ke baMne nirdezo pramANabhUta che; bhale ne baMne bAjuomAM vAdi-prativAdibhAva rahyo hoya. jevI bauddha piTakonI racanA ane saMkalanAnI sthiti che lagabhaga tevI ja sthiti prAcIna nirjhanya AgamonI che. 6. upAsakadazAMga, a. 8, ityAdi. 7. majhimanikAya, sutta 14, 56. dIghanikAya, sutta 29, 33.

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buddha ane mahAvIra buddha ane mahAvIra buddha ane mahAvIra samakAlIna hatA. banne zramaNa saMpradAyanA samarthaka hatA, tema chatAM bannenuM aMtara jANyA vinA ApaNe koI niSkarSa upara pahoMcI zakIenahi. paheluM aMtara to e che ke buddhe mahAbhiniSkramaNathI laIne potAno navo mArga zarU ryo arthAt dharmacakrapravartana karyuM tyAM sudhInA cha varSomAM te samaye pracalita bhinna bhinnatapasvI ane yogI saMpradAyono eke eke svIkAra-parityAga ane chevaTe potAnA anubhavanA bala upara navo ja mArga prasthApita karyo. bIjI bAju, mahAvIrane kula paraMparAthI je dharmamArga maLyo hato tene svIkArIne te AgaLa vadhyA ane te kuladharmamAM potAnI sUjha ane zakti anusAra temaNe sudhAro yA zuddhi karI. ekano mArga purANA paMthonA tyAga pachInUtana dharmasthApanano hato to bIjAno mArga kuladharmanA saMzodhana mAtrano hato. tethI ApaNe dekhIe chIe ke buddha jagAe jagAe Dagale ne pagale pUrva svIkRta yA asvIkRta aneka paMthonI samAlocanA kare che ane kahe che ke amuka paMthanA amukanAyaka amuka mAne che, bIjA amuka mAne che paraMtu huM emAM mAnato nathI, huM to AvuM mAnuM chuM ityAdi. buddha AkhAya piTamAM evuM kyAMya kahyuM nathI ke huM je kahuM chuM te purANuM che, huM to teno pracArakamAtra chuM. buddhanAM badhAM kathanonI pAchaLa eka ja bhAva che ane te e che ke mAro mArga khuda mArI potAnI khojanuM phaLa che. ethI UlaTuM, mahAvIra evuM nathI kahetA, kema ke eka vAra jyAre pArzvapatyikoe mahAvIrane keTalAka prazno pUchavyA tyAre mahAvIre pAzcaMpatyikone pArzvanAthanAM ja vacanonI sAkSI ApIne potAnA pakSa taraphI karI lIdhA hatA. A ja kAraNe buddha potAnA mata sAthe bIjA koI samakAlIna yA pUrvakAlIna matano samanvaya nathI. temaNe to kevaLa potAnA matanI vizeSatAo darzAvI che. mahAvIre AvuM nathI kyuM. temaNe pArzvanAthanA tatkAlIna saMpradAyanA anuyAyIonI sAthe potAnA sudhArAono yA parivartanono samanvaya karyo che. tethI mahAvIrano mArga pArzvanAthanA saMpradAyanI sAthe temanI samanvayavRttino sUcaka che. nircanya paraMparAno buddha para prabhAva: buddha ane mahAvIranI vacce dhyAna devA yogya bIjuM aMtara jIvanakAlanuM che. buddha 80 varSanA thaI nirvANa pAmyA jyAre mahAvIra 72 varSanA thaI nirvANa pAmyA. have to e sAbita thaI gayuM che ke buddhanuM nirvANa pahelAM ane mahAvIranuM nirvANa pachI thayuM che. tevI ja rIte mahAvIra karatAM buddhakaMIka vadhAre vRddha avazya hatA. eTaluM ja nahi paNa mahAvIre svataMtrapaNe upadeza devAnuM zarU kyuM tenA pahelAM ja buddhe potAno mArga sthApavAnuM zarU karI dIdhuM hatuM. buddhane potAnA mArgamAMnavAnavA anuyAyIone joDIne ja baLa vadhAravuM hatuM, jyAre mahAvIrane navA anuyAyIo banAvavA uparAMta khAsa karIne pArzvanA purANA anuyAyIone paNa potAnA prabhAvamAM ane potAnI AsapAsa jamAvI rAkhavA hatA. tatkAlIna anya badhA paMthonA 8. majhimanikAya, 56. aMguttaranikAya, Vol. I. p. 206, Vol. III. p. 383. 9. bhagavatI 5.9.225. 10. uttarAdhyayana, a. 23. 11. virasaMvat aura jena kAlagaNanA. bhAratIya vidyA trIjo bhAga pR. 177.

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nityasampradAya maMtavyonI pUrI cikitsA yA khaMDana karyA vinA buddha potAnI saMgharacanAmAM saphaLa thaI zakatA na hatA. ethI UlaTuM, mahAvIrano prazna kaMIka nirALo hato kemake potAnA cAritrabaLathI temaja tejobaLathI pArzvanAthanA tatkAlIna anuyAyIonuM manajItI levA mAtrathI teo mahAvIranA anuyAyI banI ja jatA hatA, eTale navAnavA anuyAyIonI bharatI karavAno savAla temanI samakSa eTalo tIvra na hato jeTalo tIvra buddhanI samakSa hato. tethI ApaNe dekhIe chIe ke buddhano saghaLo upadeza bIjAonI samAlocanApUrvaka ja che. buddha potAno mArga zarU karatAM pahelAM je paMthone eka pachI eka chokyA temAM eka nircanya paMtha paNa Ave che. buddhe potAnA pUrvajIvanano je hAla kahyo che. tene vAMcavAthI ane tene jaina AgamomAM varNita AcAro sAthe meLavavAthI e niHsaMdehapaNe jaNAya che ke buddha anya paMthonI jema nircanja paMthamAM paNa ThIka ThIka jIvana vItAvyuM hatuM, bhale te svalpakAlIna ja rahyuM hoya. buddhanA sAdhanAkAlIna prAraMbhika varSomAM mahAvIre to potAno mArga zarU karyo ja nahato ane te samaye pUrva pradezamAM pArzvanAtha sivAya bIjo koI nirjhanya paMtha hato nahi. tethI siddha che ke buddha thoDA ja samaya mATe kema na hoya paraMtu pArzvanAthanA nirjhanya saMpradAyanuM jIvana vyatIta karyuM hatuM. A ja kAraNe buddha jyAre nircanya saMpradAyanA AcAra-vicAranI samAlocanA kare che tyAre nirgastha saMpradAyamAM pratiSThita evAM tapa upara tIvra prahAra kare che ane vaLI A ja kAraNe nirjhanya saMpradAyanA AcAra ane vicAranuM ThIka ThIka te saMpradAyanI paribhASAmAM varNana karIne teo teno prativAda kare che. mahAvIra ane buddha baMneno upadezakAla amuka samaya sudhI avazya eka che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa te baMne aneka sthAnomAM ekabIjAne maLyA vinA paNa sAthe sAthe vicaratA hatA, tethI ApaNe e paNa dekhIe chIe ke piTakomAM 'nAtapura nigaMTha' tarIke mahAvIrano nirdeza Ave che.13 prAcIna AcAra-vicAranA keTalAka muddA uparanI vicArabhUmikAne dhyAnamAM rAkhavAthI ja AgaLanIcarcAnuM vAstavikatva saraLatAthI samajamAM AvI zakaze. bauddha piTakomAM AvelI carcAo uparathI nirjhanya saMpradAyanA bAhya ane AMtara svarUpa vize nIce lakhelA muddAo mukhyapaNe phalita thAya che: 1. sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra (khAdyAkhAdyaviveka) 2. acelatva-sacelatva 3. tapa 4. AcAra-vicAra 5. caturyAma 6. uposatha-pauSadha 7. bhASAvicAra 12. majhimanikAya, su. 26. pro. kosAMbIkRta buddhacarita (gujarAtI). 13. dIghanikAya, su. 2. WWW.jainelibrary.org .

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sAmiSanirAmiSaAhAra 8. tridaDa 9. leyAvicAra 10. sarvajJatva A muddAo upara ApaNe aitihAsika dRSTie UhApoha karavA mAgIe chIe. (1) sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra (khAdyAkhAdaviveka) sau prathama ApaNe bauddha, vaidika ane jaina graMthonA tulanAtmaka adhyayananA AdhAre nirjhanya paraMparAnA khAdyAkhAdyavivekanA viSaya upara keTaloka vicAra karavA mAgIe chIe. khAdyAkhAdathI amAro mukhya abhiprAya ahIM mAMsa-masyAdi cIjothI che. jaina samAjamAM khaLabhaLATa ane AMdolana thoDAka ja divaso pahelAM jaina samAjamAM A viSaya upara ugra UhApoha zarU thayo hato. adhyApaka kosAMbIjIe buddhacaritamAM lakhyuM che ke prAcIna jaina zramaNa paNa mAMsa-masyAdi grahaNa karatA hatA. temanA A lekhe AkhA jaina samAjamAM eka vyApaka khaLabhaLATa ane AMdolana pedA karI dIdhuM hatuM je haju bhAgye ja pUruM zAMta paDyuM hoya. lagabhaga pacAsa varSa pahelAM A viSayane laIne eka mahAna kSobha ane AMdolana zarU thayuM hatuM jyAre jarmana vidvAna yAkobIe AcArAMganA aMgrejI anuvAdamAM amuka sUtrono artha mAMsa-masyAdiparaka karyo hato. ApaNe emanasamajavuM joIe ke amuka sUtrono Avo artha karavAthI jaina samAjamAM je kSobha ane AMdolana thayAM te navA yuganI pAzcAtyazikSAnuM ja pariNAma che. - jyAre ApaNe 1200-1300 varSa pahelAM khuda jainAcAryoe lakhelI saMskRta-prAkRta TIkAo joIe chIe tyAre paNa ApaNane jANavA maLe che ke temaNe amuka sUtrono artha mAMsa-masyAdi paNa lakhyo che. te jamAnAmAM paNa kaMIka khaLabhaLATa ane AMdolana thayuM haze tenI pratIti paNa ApaNane anya sAdhanothI thaI jAya che. prasiddha digambarAcArya pUjyapAda devanadIe umAsvAtinA tattvArthasUtra upara sarvArthasiddhi nAmanI TIkA lakhI che. te TIkAmAM temaNe Agamone lakSya karIne je vAta kahI che te sUcave che ke te chaThThI sadImAM paNa amuka sUtrono mAMsa-masyAdiparaka arthakaravAnA kAraNe jaina samAjano eka moTo vargakhaLabhaLI UThyo hato. pUjyapAde karmabandhanAM kAraNonA vivecanamAM lakhyuM che ke mAMsa AdinuM pratipAdana karavuM e zrutAvarNavAda che. niHsaMdeha pUjyapAdakta mutAvarNavAdano AkSepa upalabdha AcArAMgAdi Agamone lakSya karIne ja che kemake mAMsa AdinA grahaNanuM pratipAdana karanAra jenetara zratane to 14. sarvArthasiddhi, 6.13.

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nirjhanyasampradAya bhagavAna mahAvIranI pahelAMnA samayathI ja nircanya paraMparAe choDI ja dIdhuM che. ATalA avalokana uparathI ApaNe eTaluM to nirvivAda kahI zakIe chIe ke AcArAMgAdi AgamonAM keTalAMka sUtrono mAMsa-masyAdiparaka artha che evI mAnyatA koI navI nathI ane AvI mAnyatA pragaTa karavAmAM AvatAM jaina samAjamAM khaLabhaLATa Ubho thavAnI vAta paNa koI navI nathI. ahIM prasaMgavaza eka vAta upara dhyAna devuM paNa yogya che. te e ke tattvArthasUtranA je aMzanuM vyAkhyAna karatI vakhate pUjyapAda devanandIe zvetAmbarIya Agamone lakSya karIne zrutAvarNavAdadoSa dekhADyo che te aMzanuM vyAkhyAna karatI vakhate sUtrakAra umAsvAtie potAnA svapajJa bhASyamAM pUjyapAdanI jema mRtAvarNavADadoSanuM nirUpaNa karyuM nathI. te uparathI spaSTa che ke je AgamonA arthane lakSya karIne pUjyapAde zrutAvarNavAdadoSanuM lAMchana lagAvyuM che te AgamonA te arthanI bAbatamAM umAsvAtino koI AkSepa na hato. jo umAsvAti te mAMsAdi paraka artha sAthe pUjyapAdanI jema sarvathA asahamata yA viruddha hota to teo paNa mRtAvarNavAdano artha pUjyapAda jevo karata ane AgamonI viruddha kaMIka ne kaMIka jarUra kahata. mAMsa-masyAdinI akhAghatA ane pakSabhedaH Ajano Akho janasamAja, jemAM zvetAmbara, digambara, sthAnakvAsI badhAnAnAmoTA phirakAo AvI jAya che, jevo nakhazikha mAMsamasya AdithI dUra rahenAro che ane banI zake tyAM sudhI mAMsamasya Adi cIjone akhAdya siddha karIne bIjAone evI cIjono tyAga karAvavAmAM dharmapAlana mAne che ane te mATe samAjanA tyAgI-gRhasthabadhA yathAsaMbhava prayatna kare che tevo ja te samayano jaina samAja paNa hato ane mAMsamasya AdinA tyAgano pracAra karavAmAM dattacitta hato je samaye cUrNikAra, AcArya haribhadra ane AcArya abhayadeve Agamagata amuka vAkyono mAMsamasyAdi paraka artha paNa potapotAnI Agamika vyAkhyAomAM lakhyo. tevI ja rIte pUjyapAda devanandI ane umAsvAtinA samayano janasamAja paNa tevo ja hato, temAM bhalene zvetAmbara-digambara jevA phirakAo mojUda hoya paraMtu mAMsamatsya Adine akhAdya mAnIne cAlu jIvanavyavahAramAMthI teno sarvathA tyAga karavAnI bAbatamAM to badhA phirakAvALA eka ja bhUmikA upara hatA. kahevuM to e joIe ke zvetAmbaradigambara jevo phirakAbheda utpanna thayo te pahelethI ja mAMsa-matsya Adi cIjone akhAdya mAnIne temano tyAga karavAnI pAkI bhUmikA jenasamAjanI siddha thaI cUkI hatI. jo AvuM hatuM to sahaja ja prazna UThe che ke Agamagata amuka sUtrono mAMsa-masyAdiparaka artha karanAro eka pakSa ane te arthano virodha karanAro bIjo pakSa evA paraspara virodhI be pakSo jenasamAjamAM zA mATe pedA thayA?kemake baMne pakSonA vartamAna jIvanadhoraNamAM to khAdyAkhAdyanA viSayamAM koI aMtara hatuM ja nahi. A prazna ApaNane itihAsanA sadA parivartanazIla cakranI gatine tathA mAnavasvabhAvanAM vividha pAsAMone jovAno saMketa kare che. ItihAsano aMgulinirdarAH ItihAsa Dagale ne pagale AMgaLI UMcI karIne ApaNane kaheto rahe che ke tame bhale ne

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sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra 11 tamArA potAnA pUrvajonI sAthe sarvathA ekarUpa banyA rahevAno dAvo karo ke DhoMgakaro paraMtu huM tamane ke koIne paNa nato ekarUpa rahevA dauM chuM ke na to ekarUpa jouM paNa chuM. itihAsanI AdithI mAnavajAtinuM koI paNa daLa eka ja prakAranAdezakAla, saMyogo yA vAtAvaraNamAM na rahyuM che ke na rahe che. eka daLa eka ja sthAnamAM rahevA chatAM paNa kyAreka kAlakRta to kyAreka anya saMyogakRta vividha paristhitiomAMthI pasAra thAya che. vaLI eka ja samayamAM mojUda evAM judAM judAM mAnavadaLo dezakRta tathA anya saMyogakRta vividha paristhitiomAMthI pasAra thatAM dekhAya che. A sthiti jevI Aje che tevI pahelAM paNa hatI. A rIte parivartananAM aneka aitihAsika sopAnomAMthI pasAra thato jaina samAja paNa Aja sudhI cAlato Avyo che. tenA aneka AcAra-vicAra je Aje jovAmAM Ave che te sadA tevA ja hatA evuM mAnavAno koI AdhAra jena vAbhayamAM nathI. mAmUlI pharaka thato rahevA chatAM paNa jyAM sudhI AcAravicAranI samatA moTe bhAge rahe che tyAM sudhI to sAmAnya vyakti e ja samaje che ke ApaNe ane ApaNA pUrvajo eka ja AcAra-vicAranA pAlaka-poSaka chIe. paraMtu A pharaka jyAre eka yA bIjA kAraNe bahu moTo thaI jAya che tyAre te pharaka sAmAnya manuSyanA dhyAnamAM thoDoka Ave che ane te vicAravA lAge che ke ApaNA amuka AcAra-vicAra khuda ApaNA pUrvajonA ja AcAra-vicArathI bhinna thaI gayA che. AcAra-vicAranuM sAmAnya aMtara sAdhAraNa vyaktinA dhyAnamAM nathI AvatuM paraMtu vizeSajJanA dhyAna bahAra te rahetuM nathI. jenasamAjanA AcAra-vicAranA itihAsanuM adhyayana karIe chIe to upara kahevAmAM AvelI badhI vAto jANavA maLe che. mAnavasvabhAvanAM be virodhI pAsAM mAnavasvabhAvanuM eka pAsuM to e che ke vartamAna samayamAM je AcAra-vicAranI pratiSThA baMdhAI gaI hoya ane jenuM te AtyaMtika samarthana karato hoya tenI viruddha hoya evA tenA potAnA pUrvajonA AcAra-vicArane te jo sAMbhaLeyA potAnA itihAsamAMthI evI vAta tene jo maLe to purANA AcAra-vicAranA sUcaka aitihAsika dastAveja jevAM zAstrIya vAkyone paNa toDImaraDI temano artha vartamAna kALamAM pratiSThita AcAra-vicAranI bhUmikA para karavAno te prayatna kare che. cAre tarapha ucca ane pratiSThita samajavAmAM AvatA potAnA vartamAna AcAra-vicArathI bilakula viruddha evA pUrvajonA AcAra-vicArane sAMbhaLI yA jANI te mAcAra-vicArane jevA che tevA ja mAnIne pUrvajo ane potAnI vacce AcAra-vicAranI khAInuM aMtara samajavAmAM tathA temano vAstavika samanvaya karavAmAM te asamartha hoya che. A ja kAraNe te prAcIna AcAra-vicAranAM sucaka vAkyone potAnA ja AcAra-vicAranA DhAMcAmAM DhALavAno prayatna pUrA baLathI kare che. A che mAnavasvabhAvanuM eka pAsuM - teno eka cheDo. have ApaNe mAnavasvabhAvanuM bIjuM pAsuM teno bIjo cheDo paNa joIe. bIjo cheDo evo che ke te vartamAna AcAra-vicAranI bhUmikA upara kAyama rahevA chatAM paNa tenAthI judI paDanArI ane koI koI vAra to bilakula viruddha janArI pUrvajonI AcAra-vicAraviSayaka bhUmikAne mAnI

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12 nityasampradAya levAmAM khacakAto nathI. itihAsamAM pUrvajonA bhinna ane viruddha evA AcAra-vicAranI jo nodha rahI hoya to tenodhane tevaphAdArIpUrvaka vaLagI rahe che. evuM karavAmAM te potAnA virodhI pakSa dvArA karavAmAM AvatI nindA ke AkSepanI leza paNa paravA karato nathI. te zAstrAvAkyonA prAcIna, pracalita ane kyAreka sambhAvita evA arthono pratiSThA javAnA bhayathI tyAga nathI karato. te bhalene kyAreka kyAreka vartamAna lomatane vaza thaIne tevAkyono navo paNa artha kare to paNa te chevaTe vikalparUpe to prAcIna pracalita ane kyAreka sambhAvita arthane paNa vyAkhyAmAM surakSita rAkhe che ja. A che mAnavasvabhAvanuM bIjuM pAsuM-teno bIjo cheDo. aitihAsika tulanA upara jaNAvelA baMne anta yA cheDA sAmasAme ane paraspara virodhI che. A baMne aMtomAMthI kevaLa jaina samAja ja nahi paraMtu boddha ane vaidika samAjo paNa pasAra thayelA dekhAya che. jyAre bhAratamAM ahiMsAmUlaka khAnapAnanI vyApaka ane prabaLa pratiSThA jAmItyAre mAMsa-masya jevI cIjono AtyaMtika virodhanakaranAra bauddha saMpradAyamAM paNa eka pakSa evo pedA thayo ke jeNe bauddha saMpradAyamAM mAMsa-masyanA tyAganuM eTalI hade samarthana kyuM ane kahyuM ke Avo mAMsatyAga to khuda buddhanA samayamAM ane buddhanA jIvanamAM paNa hato. A pakSe potAnA samayamAM jAmelI khAdyAkhAdyavivekanI pratiSThAnA AdhAre ja prAcIna bauddha sUtronA artho karavAno prayAsa karyo che. ethI UlaTuM, bauddha saMpradAyamAM pahelethI ja eka sanAtana mAnasavALo bIjo pakSa paNa cAlato Avyo che je khAdyAkhAdyaviSayaka prAcIna sUtrone toDImaraDI temanA arthone vartamAna DhAMcAmAM DhALavAno Agraha nathI rAkhato. A ja sthiti vaidika saMpradAyanA itihAsamAM paNa rahI che. vaiSNava, AryasamAja Adi aneka zAkhAoe prAcIna vaidika vidhAnono artha badalavAnI koziza karI che, paraMtu tyAre paNa sanAtanamAnasa dharAvato mIsAMsaka saMpradAya jevo ne tevo sthira rahIne potAnA prAcIna arthothI lezamAtra calita nathI thato - joke jIvanavyavahAramAM to mImAMsaka paNa mAMsa Adine evA ja akhAdya samaje che jevA akhAdya vaiSNava ane AryasamAja Adi vaidika phirakAo samaje che. A viSayamAM bauddha ane vaidika saMpradAyanuM aitihAsika avalokana ApaNe chelle karIzuM jenAthI jaina saMpradAyanI sthiti barAbara samajI zakAya. virodhatAMDavaH upara sUcavAyelAM be pAsAMnuM paraspara virodhatAMDava jaina samAjanI raMgabhUmi upara paNa hajAro varSothI khelAtuM AvyuM che. pUjyapAda jevA digambarAcArya amuka sUtronomAMsa-masya Adi artha karAvAnA kAraNe kAM to evA sutravALA badhA granthone choDI devAnuM sUcave che kAMto evo artha karanArAone mRtanindaka kahIne potAnA pakSane UMco sAbita karavAnuM sUcave che. digambara saMpradAye zvetAmbarasvata Agamone choDI devAnuM asala kAraNa to bIjuM ja hatuM ane A asala kAraNa AgamomAM maryAdita vastranuM vidhAna karanArAM vAkyonuM paNa hovuM che, paraMtu jo Agamone choDavA ja hoya to saMbhava hoya eTalA bIjA doSo lokonI AgaLa rajU karavAmAM 15. juo laMkAvatAra- mAMsaparivarta pariccheda.

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sAmiSa-nirAmiSAhAra Ave to prAcIna pracalita Agamone choDI devAnI vAta vadhu nyAyasaMgata sAbita karI zakAya. A manodazAne vaza thaIne jANatA ke ajANatAM, aitihAsika sthitino vicAra karyA vinA ja, eka saMpradAye badhA Agamone eka sAthe choDI to dIdhA, paraMtu chevaTe eTalo paNa vicAra na karyo ke je saMpradAya Agamone mAnya rAkhavAno Agraha rAkhe che te saMpradAya paNa tenI jema ja mAMsa-matsya AdinI akhAdyatAne jIvanavyavahAramAM tenA jeTaluM ja ekasarakhuM sthAna Ape che eTaluM ja nahIM paraMtu zvetAmbara saMpradAya paNa digambara saMpradAyanA jeTalo ja mAMsa-masyAdinI akhAdyatAno pracAra ane samarthana kare che tathA ahiMsAsiddhAMtanI prarUpaNA ane pracAramAM te digambara paraMparAthI AgaLa nahi to samakSa to avAya che. AvuM hovA chatAM paNa zvetAmbara paramparAnA vyAkhyAkAro AgamonAM amuka sUtrono mAMsa-masyAdiparaka artha kare che to zuM te Ama anya paraMparAne cIDavavA mATe kare che? ke pachI potAnA ja pUrvajo upara akhAdya khAvAno AkSepa jenetara saMpradAyo pAse yAsamAnata-I saMpradAya pAse karAvavA mATe kare che? prAcIna arcanI rakSA pUjyapAdathI lagabhaga AThaso varSa pachI eka navo phirako jaina saMpradAyamAM pedA thayo. te sthAnakavAsI nAmathI prasiddha che. te phirakAnA vyAkhyAkAroe Agamagata mAMsa-masyAdisUcaka sUtrono artha potAnI vartamAna jIvanapraNAlI anusAra vanaspatiparaka karavAno Agraha rAkhyo ane zvetAmbarIya Agamone mAnavA chatAM paNa te AgamonI prAcIna zvetAmbarIya vyAkhyAone mAnavAno Agraha na rAkhyo. Ama sthAnakavAsI saMpradAye e sUcitaryuM ke AgamomAM jyAM kyAMya paNa mAMsa-masyAdisUcaka sUtra che tyAM sarvatra vanaspatiparaka ja artha vivakSita che ane mAMsa-masyAdirUpa artha je prAcIna TIkAkAroe karyo che te ahiMsAsiddhAntanI sAthe saMgatana hovAnA kAraNe khoTo che. sthAnakvAsI phirakA ane digambara phirakAnA daSTikoNamAM eTalI to samAnatA che ja ke mAMsa-masyAdiparaka artha karavo e kevaLa kAlpanika che ane ahiMsaka siddhAntanI sAthe meLa vinAno che, paraMtu banne vacce eka moTo pharaka paNa che. digambara saMpradAyane anya kAraNothI ja kharekhara zvetAmbara Agamono saparivAra bahiSkAra karavo hato jyAre sthAnakavAsI paraMparAne Agamono AtyaMtika bahiSkAra iSTa na hato; sthAnavAsI paraMparAne to te ja Agamo sarvathA pramANa nathI jemanAmAM mUrtino spaSTa saMketa hoya. tethI sthAnakavAsI saMpradAyanI sAme Agamagata khAdyAkhAdyaviSayaka sUtrono artha badalavAno ja eka mAtra mArga khullo hato je mArgane teNe apanAvyo paNa kharo. Ama ApaNe AkhA itihAsakAlamAM joIe chIe ke ahiMsAnI vyAkhyA ane tenI pratiSThA ane pracAramAM tathA vartamAna jIvanadhoraNamAM digambara ane sthAnakavAsI phirakAothI koI paNa rIte UtaratA na hovA chatAM zvetAmbara saMpradAyanA vyAkhyAkAroe khAdyAkhAdyaviSayaka sUtrono mAMsa-masyaparaka prAcIna artha apanAvI rAkhavAmAM potAnuM gaurava ja mAnyuM che. bhale ne tema karavAmAM temane jenetara samAja taraphathI tathA samAnabadhu phirakAo taraphathI hajAra hajAra AkSepo sAMbhaLavA ane sahevA paDe. Jain 2. ucation International

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nityasammaThAya arthabhedanI mImAMsA pahelAM ApaNe be prazno upara vicAra karI laIe to sAruM raheze. eka to e ke akhAdyaviSayaka samajavAmAM AvatAM sUtronA vanaspati ane mAMsa-masyAdi evA je be artha prAcIna samayathI vyAkhyAkAromAM dekhAya che temAMthI kyo artha pAchaLathI karAvA lAgyo? bIjo prazna e che ke pahelA arthanA hovA chatAM kaI evI sthiti pedA thaI ke jethI bIjo artha karavAnI AvazyakatA paDI, yA evo artha karavA tarapha tatkAlIna vyAkhyAkArone dhyAna devuM paDyuM? koI paNa buddhimAna e to vicArI ja na zake ke sUtronI racanAnA samaye racanAkArane vanaspati ane mAMsa-masyAdi bane artha abhipreta hovA joIe. nizcita arthanAM bodhaka sUtra paraspara virodhI evA be arthono bodhakarAve ane jijJAsuone sAyayA bhramamAM nAkhe eto saMbhava ja nathI. eTale e ja mAnavuM paDe che ke racanAnA samaye te sutrono koI eka ja artha sUtrakArane abhipreta hato. kayo artha abhipreta hato eTaluM ja vicAravAnuM bAkI rahe che. jo ApaNe mAnI laIe ke racanAnA samaye sUtrono vanaspatiparaka artha hato to ApaNe e na chUTake mAnavuM paDe ke mAMsa-masyAdhirUpa artha pAchaLathI karAvA lAgyo. AvI paristhitimAM nirgandhasaMghanI bAbatamAM e paNa vicAravuM paDe ke zuM koI evI ghaTanA ghaTI hatI ke Apattivaza nirgandhasaMgha mAMsa-masyAdinuM paNa grahaNa karavA lAgyo hoya ane tenuM samarthana pelA sUtrothI karato hoya. itihAsa kahe che ke nirgandhasaMghamAM koI paNa evuM nAnuMmoTuM daLanathI thayuM jeNe ApattikALamAM karavAmAM AvelA mAMsa-masyAdinA grahaNanuM samarthana vanaspatibodhaka sUtrono mAMsa-masyAdi artha karIne karyuM hoya. alabatta, nirjhanyasaMghanA lAMbA itihAsamAM Apatti ane apavAdanA hajAro prasaMgo Avyo che paraMtu koI nirjhanyadaLe ApavAdika sthitinuM samarthana karavA mATe potAnA mULa siddhAnta ahiMsAthI dUra thaIne sUtrono bilakula viruddha artha karyo nathI. badhA ninya apavAdanuM apavAdarUpe juduM ja varNana karatA AvyA che. A vAtanI sAkSI chedasUtromAM pade pade maLe che. nirgandhasaMghanuM baMdhAraNa paNa evuM rahyuM che ke koI AvA vikRta arthane sUtronI vyAkhyAmAM pachIthI sthAna to te nirgandhasaMghanuM aMga rahI zake ja nahi. eTale e ja mAnavuM paDe che ke racanAkALe sUtrono asala artha mAMsa-masyAdi ja hato ane pAchaLathI vanaspatiartha paNa karAvA lAgyo. AvuM kema karAvA lAgyuM? A ja bIjo prazna have ApaNI sAme Ave che. saMghanI nimaNaprakriyA nigraMnyasaMghanA nirmANanI prakriyA to aneka zatAbdI pahelethI bhAratavarSamAM dhIre dhIre paNa satata cAlu hatI. A prakriyAno mukhya AdhAra ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapa ja pahelethI rahyo che. aneka nAnImoTI jAtio ane chUTIchavAI vyaktio te AdhArathI AkarSAIne nirjhanyasaMghamAM sammilita thatI rahI che. jyAre koI navuM daLake navI vyaktio saMghamAM praveza kare che tyAre tenA mATe te saMmakala hoya che. saMghamAM sthira thayela daLa tathA vyakti ane saMghamAM navo praveza karanAra dala tathA vyaktinI vacce amuka samaya sudhI AhAra-vihArAdimAM ochuMvatuM

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15 sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra aMtara rahevuM anivArya che. mAMsa-masya Adino vyavahAra karanArI jAtio ke vyaktio ekAeka nigraMnyasaMghamAM sAmela thatAveMta ja potAnA badhA ja jUnA saMskAro badalI nAkhe e sarvatra saMbhava nathI. pracAraka nirjhanya tapasvI paNa saMghamAM bharatI thanArI navI jAtio tathA vyaktionA saMskAra temanI ruci ane zakti anusAra ja badalavA ThIka samajatA hatA, jema AjakAlanA pracAraka paNa potapotAnA uddezya mATe tevuM ja kare che. eka vAra nirgandhasaMghamAM dAkhala thaI gayelA ane tenA siddhAntAnusAra jIvanavyavahAra banAvI lenArAonI je saMtati thAya che tene to nigraMnyasaMghAnukUla saMskAra janmasiddha hoya che paraMtu saMghamAM navA bharatI thayelAonA nirjhanyasaMghAnukula saMskAra janmasiddha nahotAM prayatnasAdhya hoya che. janmasiddha ane prayatnasAdhya saMskAronI vacce aMtara e hoya che ke eka to prayatna vinA ane vizeSa tAlIma vinA ja janmathI cAlatA Ave che jyAre bIjA buddhipUrvaka prayatnathI dhIre dhIre Ave che. bIjA arthAt prayatnasAdhya saMskAranI avasthA ja saMkramakAla che. koI e na samaje ke nirjhanyasaMghanA badhA anuyAyI anAdikALathI janmasiddha saMskAra laIne ja cAlyA Ave che. nirjhanyasaMghano itihAsa kahe che ke A saMghe aneka jAtio ane vyaktione nirgandhasaMghanI dIkSA ApI hatI. A ja kAraNe madhyakAlanI jema prAcInakALamAM ApaNane eka ja kuTuMbamAM nirjhanyasaMghanA anuyAyIo ane itira bauddha Adi zramaNa tathA brAhmaNa saMpradAyanA anuyAyIo jovA maLe che. viroSa to zuM ApaNe itihAsamAMthI e paNa jANIe chIe ke pati nirjhanyasaMghanuM aMga che to patnI itara dharmanI anuyAyinI che. jevo Ajano nirjhanyasaMgha mAtra janmasiddha dekhAya che tevo te madhyakAla ane prAcInakALamAM nahato. te samaye pracAraka nircanja potAnA saMghanI vRddhi ane vistAra karavAmAM lAgelA hatA, tethI te samaye e saMbhava hato ke eka ja kuTuMbamAM koI nirAmiSabhojI nircanya upAsaka hoya to sAthe sAthe ja anya sAmiSabhojI bIjo dharmAnuyAyI paNa hoya. eka ja kuTuMbanI AvI nirAmiSasAmiSabhojananI mizrita vyavasthAmAM paNa nirgandhazramaNone bhikSA mATe javuM paDatuM hatuM. ApavAdika sthiti e sivAya koI koI sAhasika ninya pracAraka navA navA pradezomAM potAnuM nirAmiSabhojanano tathA ahiMsAno pracAra karavAnuM dhyeya laIne jatA hatA jyAM temane pAkA anuyAyIo maLe te pahelAM mojUda khAnapAnanI vyavasthAmAMthI bhikSA laIne calAvI levuM paDatuM hatuM. kyAreka kyAreka evA paNa roga Adi saMkaTo upasthita thatA hatA je vakhate suvaidyonI salAha anusAra nirjhanyone khAnapAnamAM apavAdamArgane grahaNa karavo paDato hato. A ane AnA jevI aneka paristhitio prAcIna nirgandhasaMghanA itihAsamAM varNavAyelI che. A paristhitiomAM nirAmiSabhojananA ane ahiMsAnA pracAranA dhyeyanuM AtyaMtika dhyAna rAkhavA chatAM paNa kyAreka kyAreka nirgastha potAnA eSaNIya ane kathya AhAranI maryAdAne sakhatapaNe pALatA hovA chatAM mAMsa-masyAdinuM grahaNa karatA hoya to koI acarajanI vAta nathI. ApaNe jyAre AcArAMga ane dazavaikAlika Adi AgamonAM sAmiSaAhArasUcaka 16. upAsakadazAMga, a. 8.

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16 nirpranthasampradAya sUtro'7 joIe chIe ane te sUtromAM varNavAyelI maryAdAo upara vicAra karIe chIe tyAre spaSTa jaNAya che ke sAmiSa AhAranuM vidhAna taddana ApavAdika ane aparihArya sthitinuM che. 'ahiMsA-saMyama-tapa'no mudrAlekha: upara sUcavAyela ApavAdika sthitino samaya ane dezaviSayaka ThIka ThIka nirNaya karavo saraLa nathI, tema chatAM ApaNe eTaluM to kahI zakIe chIe ke jyAre nigranthasaMgha pradhAnapaNe bihAramAM hato ane aMga-baMga-kaliMga AdimAM navA pracAra mATe javA lAgyo hato tyAranI A sthiti hovI joIe kema ke te divasomAM AjathI paNa kyAMya vadhAre sAmiSabhojana te pradezomAM pracalita hatuM. game te hoya paraMtu eka vAta to nizcita che ke nirpranthasaMgha potAnA ahiMsA-saMyama-tapanA mULa mudrAlekhanA AdhAre nirAmiSa bhojanatyAga ane anya vyasanatyAganA pracArakAryamAM uttarottara AgaLa ja vadhato rahyo che ane saphaLa thato gayo che.' A saMghe aneka sAmiSabhojI rAjA-mahArAjAone tathA aneka kSatriyAdi gaNone potAnA saMghamAM meLavIne dhIre dhIre temane nirAmiSa bhojana tarapha vALyA. saMghanirmANanI A prakriyA pAchalI rAtAbdIomAM bilakula baMdha jevI thaI gaI che paraMtu pahelAM A sthiti na hatI. ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapanA ugra pracArano sAmAnya janatA upara evo prabhAva paDyAnuM itihAsamAM dekhAya che ke jenAthI bAdhita thaIne nirAmiSabhojanano atyanta Agraha na rAkhanArA bauddha ane vaidika saMpradAyone paNa nirpranthasaMghanuM kaMIka aMro anusaraNa karavuM paDyuM che. 18 na virodhI prazna ane samAdhAna niHsaMdeha bhAratamAM ahiMsAnI pratiSThA jamAvavAmAM aneka paMthono hAtha rahyo che paraMtu temAM jeTalo hAtha nirpranthasaMghano rahyo che teTalo bhAgye ja koI bIjAno rahyo hoya. ahiMsA 17. AcArAMga, 2.1.274, 281. dazavaikAlika, a. 5.73, 74. 18. ApaNe vinayapiTakamAM joIe chIe ke bauddha bhikSuo mATe aneka prakAranAM mAMso khAvAno spaSTa niSedha che ane potAnA mATe banAvelAM mAMsa levAno paNa vizeSa niSedha che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa bauddha bhikSuone jamIna khodavA-khodAvavAno tathA vanaspati kApavAkapAvavAno paNa niSedha karavAmAM Avyo che. ghAsa Adi jaMtuonI hiMsAthI bacavA mATe varSovAsanuM paNa vidhAna che. vAcaka AcArAMgamAM varNavavAmAM Avela nirgunthonA AcAranI sAthe tulanA karaze to ochAmAM ochuM eTaluM to jANI zakaze ke amuka aMzomAM nirpranya AcArono ja bauddha AcAra upara prabhAva paDyo che kemake nirprantha paraMparAnA AcAra pahelethI ja sthira hatA ane bahu kaDaka paNa hatA jyAre bauddha bhikSuo mATe AvA AcAronuM vidhAna lokaniMdAnA bhayathI pAchaLathI karavAmAM AvyuM che - vinayapiTaka, pR. 23, 24, 170, 231, 245 (hindI AvRtti). jyAM jyAM nirprantha paraMparAnuM prAdhAnya rahyuM che tyAMnA vaiSNavo ja nahi, rIva zAkta Adi phirakAo je mAMsathI dUra rahetA na hatA teo paNa mAMsa-mastyAdi khAvAmAMthI dUra rahe che.

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sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra 17. saMyama-tapano Atmattika Agraha rAkhIne pracAra karanArA nircanyo mATe jyAre janmasiddha anuyAyIdaLa ThIka ThIka pramANamAM lagabhaga cAre tarapha maLI gayuM tyAre nirgandhasaMghanI sthiti taddana badalAI gaI. ahiMsAnI vyApaka pratiSThA eTalI thaI hatI ke nirjhanyo upara bahAra ane aMdarathI vividha AkramaNa thavA lAgyA. virodhI paMthanA anuyAyIo to nirjhanyone e kahIne ToNA mAravA lAgyA ke jo tame tyAgI ahiMsAno AtyaMtika Agraha rAkho cho to pachI jIvana dhAraNa karo cho zA mATe ? kema ke chevaTe jIvana dhAraNa karavAmAM thoDI ghaNI hiMsA to karavI ja paDe che, hiMsA vinA jIvanadhAraNa saMbhavatuM ja nathI. tevI ja rIte teo A upAlaMbha paNadetAke tame nirAmiSabhojanano ATalo Agraha rAkho cho paNa tamArA pUrvaja nirgaLyo to sAmiSa AhAra paNa grahaNa karatA hatA. A ja rIte janmasiddha nirAmiSabhojananA saMskAra dharAvatA sthira nigraMnyasaMghanI aMdarathI paNa AcAryo samakSa prazno upasthita karavAmAM AvyA. praznakartA pote to janmathI nirAmiSabhojI ane ahiMsAnA AtyaMtika samarthaka hatA paraMtu teo prAcIna zAstromAMthI sAmiSabhojananA prasaMgo paNa sAMbhaLatA hatA eTale temanA manamAM duvidhA jAgatI hatI ke jo amArA AcArya ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapano ATalo ucca Adarza amArI samakSa rajU kare che to tenI sAthe prAcIna nirgaLyo dvArA sAmiSa bhojananA grahaNanAM zAstrIya varNanano meLakevIrIte besI zake? jo koI tattvano Atmattika AgrahapUrvaka pracAra karavAmAM Ave che to virodhI pakSo taraphathI tathA potAnA ja daLanI aMdarathI paNa aneka virodhI prazno upasthita karavAmAM Ave ja che. prAcIna ninya AcAryo samakSa paNa A ja sthiti AvIne khaDI thaI. te sthitinuM samAdhAna karyA vinA have bIjo koI rasto na hato. tethI keTalAka AcAryoe to AmiSasUcaka sUtrono artha ja potAnI vartamAna jIvanasthitine anukULa vanaspatiryo. paraMtu keTalAka nirjhanya AcArya evA daDha paNa nIkaLyA ke temaNe evAM sUtrono arthana badalIne kevaLa e ja vAta kahI dIdhI je vAta itihAsamAM banI hatI. arthAt temaNe kahI dIdhuM ke evAM sUtrono artha to mAMsa-masyAdi ja che paraMtu tenuM grahaNa nirjhanyo mATe autsargika nathI paNa kevaLa ApavAdika che. navo arthakaranAro eka saMpradAya ane purANA arthane mAnanAro bIjo saMpradAya - e baMne saMpradAyo paraspara samAdhAnapUrvaka nigraMnyasaMghamAM amuka samaya sudhI cAlatA rahyA kemake baMneno udeza potapotAnI rIte nirjhanthonA sthApita nirAmiSa bhojanano bacAva ane poSaNa karavAno ja hato. jyAre AgamonI sAthe vyAkhyAo paNa lakhAvA lAgI tyAre te vivAdAspada sUtronA baMne artho paNa lakhI levAmAM AvyAjethI baMne artha karanArAonI vacce vaimanasya na thAya. paraMtu kamanasIbe nirgandhasaMghanA raMgamaMca upara navuM ja tAMDava khelAvAnuM hatuM. te evuM ke be daLomAM vastra rAkhavAnarAkhavAnA (arthAt dhAraNa karavA ane na dhAraNa karavAnA) muddA upara AtyaMtika virodhanuMyAyuddhanuM nagAruM vAgyuM. pariNAme eka pakSe Agamone ema kahIne choDI dIdhAM ke te to kAlpanika che jyAre bIjA pakSe te Agamone jevAM hatAM tevAM ja mAnI lIdhAM arthAt svIkArI lIdhAM ane temanAmAM AvatAM mAMsAdigrahaNaviSayaka sUtronA vanaspati ane mAMsa- evA be arthone paNa mAnya rAkhyA.

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nirgandhasampradAya ApaNe uparanI carcA uparathI nIcenA niSkarSo upara pahoMcIe chIe - (1) nigranthasaMghanI nirmANaprakriyAnA jamAnAmAM tathA anya ApavADika prasaMgomAM nirguntha paNa sAmiSa AhAra letA hatA jeno purANo avaroSa AgamomAM rahI gayo che. (2) janmathI ja nirAmiSabhojI nirpranthasaMgha sthApita thaI jatAM te ApavAdika sthiti na rahI ane sarvatra nirAmiSa AhAra sulabha thaI gayo paraMtu A kAlanA nirAmiSa AhAra grahaNa karavAnA Atyantika AgrahanI sAthe prAcIna sAmiSa AhAranAM sUcaka sUtrono meLa nathI khAto evuM nizcitapaNe lAgavA mAMDyuM. (3) A bemeLa yA virodhanuM nivAraNa karavAnI savRttimAMthI bIjo vanaspatiparaka artha karAvA lAgyo ane prAcIna temaja navo ema banneya artho sAthe sAthe ja svIkArAyA. (4) jyAre itara kAraNone lIdhe nirprantha daLomAM phUTa paDI tyAre eka daLe Agamono bahiSkAra karavA mATe sAmiSa AhAranAM sUcaka sUtronI dalIla paNa bIjA daLanI sAme temaja sAmAnya janatAnI sAme rajU karI. 18 eka vRntamAM aneka phaLa ame pahelAM darzAvI gayA chIe ke parivartana yA vikAsakrama anusAra samAjamAM jyAre AcAra-vicAranI bhUmikA prAcIna AcAra-vicArothI badalAI jAya che tyAre navI paristhitinA keTalAka vyAkhyAkAro prAcIna AcAra-vicAro upara thatA AkSepothI bacavA mATe prAcIna vAkyomAMthI ja potAnI paristhitine anukULa artha kADhIne te AkSepono parihAra karavAno prayatna kare che jyAre bIjA vyAkhyAkAro navI paristhitinA AcAra-vicArone apanAvavA chatAM paNa te AcAra-vicArothI taddana viruddha prAcIna AcAra-vicAronAM sUcaka vAkyono toDImaraDIne navo artha kADhavAnA badale prAcIna arthane ja kAyama rAkhe che ane A rIte pratyeka vikAsagAmI dharmasamAjamAM prAcIna zAstrono artha karavAnI bAbatamAM be pakSo paDI jAya che. jema vaidika ane bauddha saMpradAyano itihAsa amArA ukta thananI sAbitI che tema ja nigrantha saMpradAyano itihAsa paNa amArA mantavyanI sAkSI pUre che. ame nirAmiSa ane sAmiSa AhAranA grahaNa aMge amAruM ukta vidhAna spaSTa karI ja dIdhuM che to paNa ahIM nirpranthasaMpradAya vize pradhAnapaNe thoDuM varNana karavuM che, eTale ame te vidhAnane bIjI eka tevI ja aitihAsika ghaTanA dvArA spaSTa karIe to te upayukta ja thaze. bhAratamAM mUrtipUjA yA pratIkopAsanA bahu ja prAcIna ane vyApaka paNa che. nirpranthaparaMparAno itihAsa paNa mUrti ane pratIkanI upAsanA-pUjAthI bharelo che, paraMtu A dezamAM mUrtivirodhI ane mUrtibhaMjaka islAmanA AvyA pachI mUrtivirodhI aneka paraMparAoe janma lIdho. nirNanyaparaMparA paNa A pratikriyAthI bacI nahi. paMdaramI sadImAM lokArAha nAmanI eka vyakti gujarAtamAM pedA thaI jeNe mUrtipUjA ane tenA nimitte thatA ADaMbarono sakriya virodha zarU karyo je kramazaH eka mUrtivirodhI phirakAmAM pariNata thaI gayo. navuM AndolanayA vicAra koI paNa kemana hoya, paraMtu te saMpradAyamAM tyAre ja sthAna pAme che ane saphaLa thAya che jyAre tene zAstrono AdhAra hoya. Avo AdhAra jyAM sudhI na hoya tyAM sudhI

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sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra 19 navo phiko phUlIphAlI zakato nathI. temAM paNa jo prAcIna zAstromAM navA AMdolana viruddha pramANo bharelAM hoya to navA Andolanane AgaLa kUca karavAmAM ghaNI moTI bAdhAono sAmano karavo paDe che. prAcIna nirprantha AgamomAM tathA uttarakAlIna anya sAhityamAM mUrtipUjA ane pratIkopAsanAnA sUcaka aneka ullekho mojUda che - AvI sthitimAM viruddha ullekhavALA Agamone mAnIne mUrtipUjAvirodhanuM samarthana kevI rIte karI zakAya ? mUrtipUjAno virodha paristhitimAM AvI gayo hato, Andolana cAlu hatuM, prAcIna viruddha ullekho bAdhaka banI rahyA hatA - A muzkelIomAMthI mArga kADhavA mATe navA mUrtipUjAvirodhI phirakAe pelA aitihAsika mArganuM avalaMbana lIdhuM jenuM avalaMbana sAmiyanirAmiSa bhojananA virodhano parihAra karavA mATe pahelAM paNa nigrantha munioe lIdhuM hatuM. arthAt mUrtipUjAnA virodhIoe caitya, pratimA, jinagRha Adi mUrtisUcaka pAThono artha ja badalI nAkhavAnuM zarU karI dIdhuM. A rIte ApaNe zvetAmbara phirakAmAM ja dekhIe chIe ke eka phirako je pAThono mUrtiparaka artha kare che te ja pAThono bIjo phiko anyAnya artha karIne mUrtipUjAnA virodhI potAnA pakSanuM samarthana kare che. vAcako saraLatAthI samajI zakyA ho ke prAcIna pATharUpa eka ja DIMTAmAM - vRntamAM paristhitibhede kevAM aneka phaLo lAge che. AgamonI prAcInatA sAmiSa AhAranA sUcaka pAThono vanaspatiparaka artha karanArAono Azaya to bUro na hato. hA, utsarga-apavAdanA svarUpanuM jJAna tathA aitihAsikatAnI vaphAdArI temanAmAM avaya ochI hatI. asala arthane vaLagI rahenArAonuM mAnasa sanAtana ane rUDhigAmI avaraya hatuM paraMtu sAthe sAthe ja te mAnasamAM utsarga-apavAdanA svarUpanuM vistRta jJAna tathA aitihAsikatAnI vaphAdArI baMne paryApta hatAM. A carcA uparathI e saraLatAthI jANI zakAya che ke AgamonuM klevara keTaluM prAcIna che. jo Agama, bhagavAna mahAvIrathI aneka zatAbdIo pachI koI eka phirakA dvArA racAyAM hota to temanAmAM AvAM sAmiSa AhAragrahaNanAM sUcaka sUtro AvavAnuM koI ja kAraNa na hatuM, kema ke te jamAnA pahelethI ja AkhI nigranthaparaMparA nirapavAdarUpe nirAmiSabhojI banI cUkI hatI ane mAMsa-mastyAdino tyAga kuladharma ja banI gayo hato. bhalA koNa evo hoya je vartamAna nirAmiSa bhojananI nirapavAda vyavasthAmAM AvAM sAmiSaAhArasUcaka sUtro banAvIne AgamomAM dAkhala karI de ane potAnI paraMparAnA ahiMsAmUlaka jIvanavyavahAranI ThekaDI bIjAo uDAve evI sthiti jANIjoIne UbhI kare. AkhA bhAratavarSanAM judAM judAM asala mAnavadaLono ane vakhatovakhata AvIne vasanArAM navAM navAM mAnavadaLono itihAsa ApaNe joIe chIe to eka vAta nirvivAda paNe jANavA maLe che ke bhAratavAsI pratyeka dharmasaMpradAya nirAmiSa bhojananI tarapha kaMIka ne kaMIka AgaLa vadhyo che. A itihAsanAM pAnAM jeTalAM prAcIna teTalo ja vadhu te pAnAMomAM sAmiSa AhAra ane dharmyu pazuvadha jovA maLe che. AvI sthitimAM AgamomAM AvatAM sAmiSAhArasUcaka sUtro nirpranthaparaMparAnA prAcIna starane ja sUcita kare che je koI nekoI rIte AgamomAM surakSita rahI gayo che. kevaLa A AdhAre paNa AgamonI prAcInatA anAyAsa ja dhyAnamAM Ave che.

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nirjhankasapradAya utsarga apavAdanI carcA ame ahIM prasaMgavaza utsarga-apavAdanI carcA paNa saMkSepamAM karI devA icchIe chIe jethI prastuta viSaya upara kaMIka prakAza paDI zake. nirjhanya paraMparAnuM mukhya lakSya AdhyAtmika sukhanI prApti che. tene siddha karavA mATe teNe ahiMsAno Azaro lIdho che. pUrNa ane ucca koTinI ahiMsAtyAre ja siddha thaI zake che jyAre jIvanamAM kAyika-vAcika-mAnasika asat pravRttionuM niyaMtraNa thAya ane sapravRttione vega ApavAmAM Ave tathA bhautika sukhanI lAlasA ghaTADavAnA uddezyathI kaThora jIvanamArga yA indriyadamanano mArga apanAvavAmAM Ave. A daSTie nirgastha paraMparAe saMyama ane tapa upara adhika bhAra Apyo che. ahiMsAlakSI saMyama ane tapomaya jIvana ja nirjhanyaparaMparAnuM autsargika vidhAna che je AdhyAtmika sukhaprAptinI anivArya geraMTI che, paraMtu jyAre koI AdhyAtmika dharma samudAyagAmI banavA lAge che tyAre apavAdono praveza anivAryapaNe Avazyaka banI jAya che. apavAda te ja che je tattvataH autsargika mArgano poSaka ja hoya, kadI ghAtaka na bane. A5vAdika vidhAnanI madadathI ja autsargika mArga vikAsa karI zake che ane baMne maLIne ja mULa dhyeyane siddha karI zake che. ApaNe vyavahAramAM joIe chIe ke bhojana-pAna jIvananI rakSA ane puSTi mATe ja che, paraMtu ApaNe e paNa joIe chIe ke kyAreka bhojana-pAnano tyAgaja jIvanane bacAvI le che. A rIte upara uparathI paraspara viruddha dekhAtA be prakAranA jIvanavyavahAro paNa jyAre eka lakSagAmI hoya tyAre te utsarga-apavAdanI koTimAM Ave che. utsargane AtmA kahIe to apavAdone deha kahevo joIe. banneno sammilita uddeza saMvAdI jIvana jIvavAno che. je nirjhanya muni gharabAranuM baMdhana choDIne anagArarUpe jIvana jIvatA hatA temane AdhyAtmika sukhalakSI jIvana to jIvavuM ja hatuM je sthAna, bhojana-pAna AdinI madada sivAya jIvI zakAya nahi. tethI ahiMsA-saMyama ane tapanI utkaTa pratijJAno autsargika mArga svIkAryA pachI paNa teo temAM evA keTalAka niyamo banAvI letA hatA je niyamothI pazu ane manuSyone to zuM paraMtu pRthvI-jala ane vanaspati AdinA jaMtuo sudhdhAne trAsa na pahoce. A daSTie anagAra munione je sthAna, bhojana-pAna Adi vastuo sthaLa jIvana mATe anivAryapaNe Avazyaka che temanA grahaNa ane upayoganI vyavasthAnA evA to sUkSmAtisUkSma niyamo banyA che ke je duniyAnI bIjI koI tyAgaparaMparAmAM jovAmAM AvatA nathI. anagAra munioe bIjAonA parihAsanI ke stutinI paravAryA vinA ja potAnA mATe potAnI icchAthI jIvana jIvavAnA niyamo banAvyA che je AcArAMga Adi AgamothI laIne Aja sudhInA sAva navA jaina vADamayamAM varNita che ane je vartamAnakALanI zithila ane azithila koI paNa anagArasaMsthAmAM jovA maLe che. A niyamomAM eTale sudhI kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke jo dAtA potAnI IcchAthI ane zraddhA-bhaktithI jarUrI cIjo anagArane de to paNa teno svIkAra amuka maryAdAmAM rahIne ja karavo joIe. AvI maryAdAone kAyama karavAmAM kyAMka to grAhya vastu kevI hovI joIe e darzAvyuM che ane kyAMka dAtA tathA dAnakSetra kevAM hovA joIe e darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che. e paNa darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke grAhya vastu maryAdAmAM AvatI hoya, dAtA ane dAnakSetra niyamAnukUla hoya tema chatAM paNa bhikSA to amuka kALe ja karavI joIe

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sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra bhale prANa jAya paraMtu rAta Adi samayena ja karavI joIe. agAra muni khajUra vagerene eTalA mATe laI zakatA nathI kema ke temAM khAdya aMza ocho ane tyAjya aMza vadhAre hoya che. anagAra nirjhanya prApta bhikSA sugandhavALI hoya ke durgandhavALI, rucikara hoya ke arUcikara, sukha-duHkha pAmyA vinA khAI-pI jAya che. AvI ja kaThina maryAdAo vacce apavAdarUpe sAmiSa AhAranA grahaNanI vidhi paNa Ave che. sAmAnyapaNe to anagAra muni sAmiSa AhAranI bhikSA levAno inkAra karI detA hatA paraMtu bImArI jevA saMjogothI bAdhita thaIne letA paNa hatA to paNa svAda ke puSTinI daSTithI nahi kintu kevaLa nirmama ane anAsakta daSTithI jIvanayAtrAnA mATe letA hatA. A bhikSAvidhinuM sAMgopAMga varNana AcArAMga Adi sUtromAM che. tene joIne koI paNa taTastha vicAraka e kahI rAto nathI ke prAcInakALamAM ApavAdikarUpe levAmAM AvatI sAmiSa AhAranI bhikSA koI paNa rIte ahiMsA, saMyama ane tapomaya autsargika mArganI bAdhaka banI zake che. tethI ame to e ja samajIe chIe ke jemaNe sAmiSa AhAranAM sUcaka sUtronI ane temanA asala arthanI rakSA karI che temaNe kevaLa nirjhanyasaMpradAyanA sAcA itihAsanI rakSA ja nathI karI paraMtu UMDI samaja ane nirbhayavRttino paricaya paNa Apyo che. ahiMsaka bhAvanAno pracAra ane vikAsa sAmiSaAhAragrahaNake evA anya apavAdonI lAkaDInATeke ahiMsAlakSI autsargika jIvanamArga upara nirjhanyasaMpradAyanA itihAse keTale dUra sudhI kUcakarI che enuM saMkSipta citra paNa ApaNI sAme AvI jAya to ApaNe prAcIna sAmiSa AhAranAM sUcaka sUtrothI tathA temanA asala arthathI koI paNa rIte khaTakAvAnIyA khamacAvAnI AvazyaktA nahi rahe. tethI have ame nircanyasaMpradAye karelA ahiMsApradhAna pracAranuM tathA ahiMsaka bhAvanAnA vikAsanuM TUMkamAM avalokana karIzuM. bhagavAna pArzvanAthathI pahelAM nirjhanyaparaMparAmAM yahUkamAra neminAtha thaI gayA che. temanI ardhaaitihAsika jIvanakathAomAM je eka ghaTanAno ullekha maLe che tene nirjhanyaparaMparAnI ahiMsaka bhAvanAnuM eka sImAcina kahI zakAya. lagnavivAha Adi utsava-samAraMbhomAM jamavA-jamADavAno ane AnaMdapramoda karavAno rivAja to Aja paNa cAlu che paraMtu te samaye AvA samAraMbhomAM nAnAvidha pazuono vadha karIne temanAM mAMsathI jamaNane AkarSaka banAvavAnI prathA sAmAnya hatI. khAsa karIne kSatriyAdi jAtiomAM to te prathA vizeSa rUDha hatI. A prathA anusAra lagnanimitte karavAmAM AvanAra utsavamAM vadha karavA mATe ekaThA karAyelAM haraNa Adi pazuono ArtanAda sAMbhaLIne nemikumAre barAbara lagnanA samaye ja karuNA banIne potAnA AvA lagnano saMkalpa ja choDI dIdho - vicAra mAMDI ja vALyo - ke jemAM pazuono vadha karIne mAMsa khAvA-khavaDAvavAnuM pratiSThita manAtuM hatuM. nemikumAranA A karuNAmUlaka brahmacaryavAsanI te samaye samAja upara evI asara paDI ane kramazaH te asara evI to vadhatI gaI ke dhIre dhIre aneka jAtioe samAraMbhomAM mAMsa khAvA-khavaDAvavAnI prathAne ja tilAMjali daI dIdhI. saMbhavataH A ja evI pahelI ghaTanA che je sAmAjika

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22 nigraMnyasampradAya vyavahAromAM ahiMsAnAM mULa lAgavAnI sUcaka che. nemikumAra yAdavaziromaNi devakInandana kRSNanA anuja hatA. evuM jaNAya che ke A kAraNe dvArakA ane mathurAnA yAdavo upara sArI asara paDI. ItihAsakALamAM bhagavAna pArzvanAthanuM sthAna che. temanI jIvanagAthA kahI rahI che ke temaNe ahiMsAnI bhAvanAne vikasita karavA mATe bIjuM ja kadama uThAvyuM. paMcAgni jevI tAmasa tapasyAomAM sUkSmasthUla prANIono vicAra karyA vinA ja Aga saLagAvavAnI prathA hatI jenAthI kyAreka kyAreka iMdhaNanI sAthe sAthe prANI paNa saLagI jatA hatA. kAzIrAja azvapatinA putra pArzvanAthe AvI hiMsAjanaka tapasyAno ghora virodha karyo ane dharmakSetramAM avivekathI thatI hiMsAnA tyAga tarapha lokamata taiyAra kya, pArzvanAthe puSTa karelI ahiMsAbhAvanA nirjhanyanAtha jJAtaputra mahAvIrane vArasAmAM maLI. temaNe yajJayAgAdi jevAM dharmanAM judAM judAM kSetromAM thatI hiMsAno tathAgata buddhanI jema AtyaMtika virodha karyo ane dharmanA pradezamAM ahiMsAnI eTalI badhI pratiSThA karI ke tenA pachI to ahiMsA ja bhAratIya dharmono prANa banI gaI. bhagavAna mahAvIranI ugra ahiMsAparAyaNa jIvanayAtrA tathA ekAgra tapasyAe tatkAlIna aneka prabhAvazALI brAhmaNo ane kSatriyone ahiMsAbhAvanA tarapha AkarSA. pariNAme janatAmAM sAmAjika tathA dhArmika utsavomAM ahiMsAnI bhAvanAe majabUta pAyo nAkhyo jenA upara AgaLanI nircanthaparaMparAnI AvanArI peDhIonA ahiMsApoSaka karmakalApo ane bhAvanAono bhavya mahela khaDo thayo che. azokanA pautra saMpratie potAnA pitAmahanA ahiMsaka saMskAranA vArasAne AryasuhastinI chatrachAyAmAM vaLI vadhu samRddha karyo. saMpratie kevaLa potAne adhIna rAjyapradezomAM ja nahi paraMtu potAnA rAjyanI sImAnI bahAra paNa - jyAM ahiMsAmUlaka jIvanavyavahAranuM nAma sudhdhAM na hatuM tyAM paNa - ahiMsAbhAvanAno pracAra prasAra ryo. ahiMsAbhAvanAnA pravAhamAM je uchALa Avyo, pUra AvyuM temAM anekano hAtha avazya che paraMtu nirjhanya anagAronuM to enA sivAya bIjuM koI ja dhyeya rahyuM nathI. teo bhAratamAM pUrva-pazcima, uttara-dakSiNa jyAM jyAM gayA tyAM temaNe ahiMsAnI bhAvanAno ja vistAra karyo ane hiMsAmUlaka aneka vyasanonA tyAganI janatAne zikSA devAmAM ja nircanvadharmanI kRtakRtyatAno anubhava karyo. jema zaMkarAcArye bhAratanA cAre khUNe maTha sthApita karIne brahmAdvaitano vijayastambha ropyo tema mahAvIranA anagAra nirgaLyoe bhArata jevA vizALa dezanA cAre khUNe ahiMsAdvaitanI bhAvanAnA vijayastambho ropI dIdhA che - ema kahevAmAM Ave to atyukti nahi thAya. lokamAnya tilake A vAtane A rIte kahI hatI ke gujarAtanI ahiMsAbhAvanA jainonuM ja pradAna che paraMtu itihAsa ApaNane jaNAve che ke vaiSNavAdi anekavaidika paraMparAonI ahiMsAmUlaka dharmavRttimAM nirganyasaMpradAyano ochovatto prabhAva avazya kAma karI rahyo che. te vaidika saMpradAyonA pratyeka jIvanavyavahAranI tapAsa karavAthI koI paNa vicAraka saraLatAthI jANI zake che ke temAM nircanthonI ahiMsAbhAvanAno puTa avazya che. Aja bhAratamAM hiMsAmUlaka yajJayAgAdi dharmavidhino samarthaka paNa yajamAnone pazuvadha mATe preravAnuM sAhasa karI zakato nathI. AcArya hemacandragurjarapati parama mAhezvara siddharAja sudhdhAne ghaNA aMzomAM ahiMsAnI bhAvanAthI prabhAvita kya. tenAM phaLa aneka dizAomAM sArAM AvyAM. aneka devadevIo

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23 sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra AgaLakhAsa khAsa parvo upara thatI hiMsA baMdha thaI gaI ane evI hiMsAne rokvAnA vyApaka AndolananAM mULa naMkhAI gayAM. siddharAjanA uttarAdhikArI gurjarapati kumArapAla to paramAIta ja hatA. te sAcA arthamAM paramAhata eTalA mATe manAyA kema ke temaNe jevI ane jeTalI ahiMsAnI bhAvanA puSTa karI ane jevo teno vistAra karyo te itihAsamAM ajoDa che. kumArapAlanI 'amAri ghoSaNA' eTalI badhI lokapriya banI ke pachInA aneka ninya ane temanA aneka gRhasthaziSyo amAri ghoSaNAne potAnA jIvananuM dhyeya banAvIne ja kAma karavA lAgyA. AcArya hemacandra pahelAM keTalAya nirjhanthoe mAMsakhAu jAtione ahiMsAnI dIkSA ApI hatI ane nirgandhasaMghamAM osavAla-poravAla Adi varga sthApita karyA hatA. rAka Adi videzI jAtio paNa ahiMsAnA cepathI bacI zakI nahi. hIravijayasUrie akabara jevA bhAratasamrATa pAsethI bhikSAmAM eTaluM ja mAgyuM ke te haMmezA mATe nahi to keTalIka khAsa khAsa tithio upara amArighoSaNA phArUkare. akabaranAte mArga upara jahAMgIra Adi temanA vaMzaja paNa cAlyA. je janmathI ja mAMsAhArI hatA te mugala samrATo dvArA ahiMsAno ATalo vistAra karAvavo e Aja paNa saraLa nathI. Aja paNa ApaNe joIe chIe ke jainasamAja ja evo che ke jyAM sudhI saMbhava hoya tyAM sudhI vividha kSetromAM thatI pazupakSI AdinI hiMsAne rokavAno satata prayatna kare che. A vizALa dezamAM judA judA saMskAravALI aneka jAtio ADozapADozamAM vase che. aneka jAtio janmathI ja mAMsAhArI paNa che. tema chatAM jyAM juo tyAM ahiMsA pratye lokacito che ja. madhyakAlamAM evA aneka saMto ane phakIro thayA jemaNe ekamAtra ahiMsA ane dayAno ja upadeza Apyo che je bhAratanA AtmAmAM ahiMsAnAM UMDAM mULano sAkSI che. mahAtmA gAMdhIjIe bhAratamAM navajIvananA prANa praspaMdita karavAno saMkalpa karyo to te kevaLa ahiMsAnI bhUmikA upara ja. jo temane ahiMsAnI bhAvanAnuM AvuM taiyAra kSetranA maLyuM hota to teo bhAgye ja ATalA saphaLa thayA hota. ahIM sAMpradAyika daSTithI kevaLa e nathI kahevuM ke ahiMsAvRttinA poSaNano badho yaza nirjhanthasaMpradAyane ja che paraMtu kahevuM eTaluM ja che ke bhAratavyApI ahiMsAnI bhAvanAmAM nircanthasaMpradAyano ghaNo moTo phALo hajAro varSothI rahyo che. ATaluM darzAvavAno uddezakevaLa e ja che ke nirjhanyasaMpradAyanuM ahiMsAlakSI mULadhyeya kyAM sudhI ekarUpa rahyuM che ane teNe samagra itihAsakAlamAM kevuM kevuM kAma karyuM che. jo amArA A vaktavyane barAbara jANazo samajo to sAmiSaAhAragrahaNanAM sUcaka sUtronA asala arthanA vize ame amAro je abhiprAya pragaTa ryo che te sArI rIte barAbara samajamAM AvI zakaze ane tenI sAthe nigraMnyasaMpradAyanI ahiMsAbhAvanAno koI virodha nathI e vAta paNa samajamAM AvI zakaze. nirjhanyasaMpradAyamAM sAmiSa AhAranuM grahaNa jo ApavAdika yA purANI sAmAjika paristhitinuM pariNAmane hota to nigraMnyasaMpradAya ahiMsAsiddhAnta upara ATalo bhAra ja na ApIzakta ane bhAra Apata to paNa tenI asara janatA upara thAta nahi. bauddha bhikSu ahiMsAnA pakSapAtI rahyA paraMtu teo jyAM gayA tyAMnI bhojana vyavasthAne adhIna thaI gayA ane bahudhA

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nirgandhasampradAya mAMsa-mastyAdi grahaNa karavAmAMthI bacI na zakyA. evuM kema ? javAba spaSTa che - temanA mATe mAMsamastyAdikanuM grahaNa nigranthasaMpradAya jeTaluM kaDaka ApavADika yA lAcArI rUpa na hatuM. nigrantha anagAra bauddha anagAra jema dharmapracAranuM dhyeya rAkhatA hatA tema chatAM teo bauddhonI jema bhAratanI bahAra javAmAM asamartha rahyA ane bhAratamAM paNa bauddhonI jema dareka daLane potAnA saMpradAyamAM meLavI-bheLavI devAmAM asamartha rahyA enuM zuM kAraNa ? javAba spaSTa che ke nirpranthasaMpradAye pahelethI ja mAMsAdinA tyAga upara eTalo badho bhAra Apyo hato ke nigrantha anagAra na to saraLatAthI mAMsAhArI jAtivALA dezamAM jaI zakatA hatA ke na to mAMsamastyAdino tyAganakaravAvALI jAtione jemanI tema potAnA saMghamAM bauddha bhikSuonI jema laI zakatA hatA. A ja kAraNe nirgunthasaMpradAya bhAratamAM ja sImita rahyo che, eTaluM ja nahi paNa teno koI paNa evo gRhastha ke sAdhu anuyAyI nathI je hajAro pralobhana hoya to paNa mAMsamastyAdi levAnuM pasaMda kare. AvA dRDha saMskAronI pAchaLa hajAro varSothI sthira koI prAcIna autsargika bhAvanA ja kAma karI rahI che evuM samajavuM joIe. 24 AAdhAraupara ApaNekahIechIeke jainaitihAsamAM sAmiSa AhAranAM sUcaka je paNa ullekhoche anetemanoje paNa asala artha che tenAthIjainoegabharAvAnIke kSubdhathavAnIjarUra nathI, UlaTuM eto nirgunthasaMpradAyano eka vijayachekejeNeteApavAdika prasaMgovALAyugamAMthI pasArathaIne AgaLa potAnA mULadhyeyanesarvatrapratiSThita anevikasitakaryuM. bauddha paraMparAmAM mAMsanA grahaNa-agrahaNano UhApoha : jaina paraMparA ahiMsAsiddhAntanuM antima hada sudhI samarthana karanArI che. tethI tenA pramANabhUta granthomAM kyAMya paNa bhikSuo dvArA mAMsamasyAdinA grahaNanI thoDI amathI vAta AvI jAya to te paraMparAnI ahiMsAbhAvanAnI viruddha hovAne kAraNe tenAthI paraMparAmAM matabheda ke khaLabhaLATa macI jAya to e koI acarajanI vAta nathI. paraMtu acarajanI vAta to e che ke je paraMparAmAM ahiMsAnA AcaraNanuM maryAdita vidhAna che ane jenA anuyAyIo Aja paNa mAMsamastyAdinuM grahaNa ja nahi paNa samarthana paNa kare che te bauddha tathA vaidika paraMparAnAM zAstromAM paNa amuka sUtra tathA vAkya mAMsamasyAdi paraka che ke nahi e muddA upara garamAgarama carcA prAcInakALathI Aja sudhI cAlatI AvI che. nAmanI 19 bauddha piTakomAM jyAM buddhanA nirvANanI carcA che tyAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke yunda eka vyaktie buddhane bhikSAmAM sUkaramAMsa ApyuM hatuM jene khAvAthI buddhane ugra phUlapIDA pedA thaI ane te ja mRtyunuM kAraNa banI. bauddha piTakomAM aneka jagAe evuM varNana Ave che ke jenAthI asaMdigdhapaNe manAya che ke bauddha bhikSu potAnA nimitte mAravAmAM AvelA na hoya evA pazunuM mAMsa grahaNa karatA hatA.20 jo buddhanI hayAtImAM temano ja bhikSusaMgha mAMsamasyAdinuM grahaNa karato hato to pachI cunde buddhane ApelI sUkaramAMsanI bhikSAnA arthanA viSayamAM matabheda yA kheMcatANa kema thaI ? A eka samasyA che. 19. dIghanikAya, mahAparinighvANasutta 16. 20. aMguttaranikAya, Vol. II, pR. 187. majhinikAya, sutta55. vinayapiTaka (hindI) pR. 245.

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sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra 25 buddhanA mRtyunuM kAraNa samajIne gaNIne koI cundane apamAnitayA tiraskRtana kare e udAtta bhAvanAthI khuda buddha ja cundano bacAva ryo che ane saMghane kahyuM che ke koI cundane doSavALo na mAne. bauddha piTakanA A varNana uparathI e to spaSTa ja che ke sUkaramAMsa jevI gariSTha vastunI bhikSA devAnA kAraNe bauddhasaMgha cundano tiraskAra karavA taiyAra thaI gayo hato eTale buddha bauddhasaMghane sAvadha karyo che. jo buddhanI hayAtImAM bauddha bhikSu mAMsa jevI vastu grahaNa karatA hatA ane khuda buddha paNa cunda uparAMta ugra gRhapatie ApelI sukaramAMsanI bhikSA grahaNa karI hovAnuM aMguttaranikAyanA paMcama nipAtamAM sApha kathana che to pachI bauddha paraMparAmAM AgaLa upara sUkaramAMsa arthanAsUcaka sUtranA artha upara bauddha vidvAnomAM matabheda kema thayo? e ochAkutUhalano viSaya nathI. buddhanA nirvANa pachI lagabhaga 1000 varSa pachIbuddhaghoSe piTako upara vyAkhyAo lakhI che. temaNe dIghanikAyanI aThakathAmAM pAli zabda "sUkaramadava'nA judAjudA vyAkhyAkAroe karelA traNa arthono nirdeza karyo che. udAnanI addhakyAmAM bIjA navA be arthono vadhAro jovAmAM Ave che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa cInI bhASAmAM upalabdha eka granthamAM sUkaramadava'no taddana navo ja artha karAyelo maLe che. sUkaramAMsa e artha to prasiddha ja hato paraMtu tenAthI judA paDIne aneka vyAkhyAkAroe potapotAnI kalpanAthI mULa sukaramaddava' zabdanA navAnavA artho ryA che. A badhA navAnavA artho karanArAonuM tAtparya eTaluM ja che ke "sUkaramadava' zabda sUkaramAMsano bodhaka nathI ane candabuddhane bhikSAmAM sUkaramAMsa ApyuM na hatuM. 21. saMkSepamAM te artho A pramANe che : (1) snigdha ane mRdu sUkaramAMsa. (2) paMcagorasamAMthI taiyAra karavAmAM AveluM eka prakAranuM eka komaLa ana. (3) eka jAtanuM rasAyana. A traNa arthe mahAparinirvANa sUtranI aThakyAmAM che. (4) sUkara dvArA mardita vAMsano aMkura. (5) varSAmAM Ugato bilADIno Topa - ahikSatra. A be artha udAnaaThakyAmAM che. (6) zarkarAnuM banAveluM sUkaranA AkAranuM ramakaDuM. A artha koI cInI granthamAM che jene meM joyo nathI paraMtu adhyApaka dharmAnanda kauzAMbIjI dvArA mane jANavA maLyuM che. vyAdhinI nivRtti mATe bhagavAna mahAvIra vAste zrAvikA revatI dvArA apAyelI bhikSAnuM bhagavatImAM zataka 15mAM varNana che. te bhikSAvastunA paNa be artha pUrvakAlathI cAlatA AvyA che jemano nirdeza TIkAkAra abhayadeveryo che. eka artha mAMsaparaka che jyAre bIjo vanaspatiparaka che. potapotAnA saMpradAyanA nAyaka buddha ane mahAvIre lIdhelI bhikSAvastunAM sUcaka sUtrono mAMsaparaka tathA nimAMsaparaka artha bane paraMparAmAM karavAmAM Avela che e vastu aitihAsikonA mATe vicArapreraka che. baMnemAM pharaka e che ke eka paraMparAmAM mAMsa uparAMta bIjA aneka arthonI sRSTi thaI che jyAre bIjI paraMparAmAM mAMsa uparAMta eka mAtra vanaspati artha ja karavAmAM Avyo che.

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nirgunthasampradAya buddhaghoSa Adi lekhakoe je aneka arthonI potapotAnA granthomAM noMdha karI che ane je eka ajIva artha pelA prAcIna cInI granthamAM paNa maLe che - A badhuM te samayanI ja kalpanAsRSTi nathI paraMtu jaNAya che ke buddhaghoSa AdithI pahelAM ja keTalIya zatAbdIothI bauddha paraMparAmAM buddhe sUramAMsa khAdhuM hatuM ke nahi e muddA upara prabaLa matabheda khaDo thaI gayo hato ane judA judA vyAkhyAkAro potapotAnI kalpanAthI potapotAnA pakSonuM samarthana karatA hatA. buddhaghoSa vageree to te badhA pakSonI yAdI mAtra ApI che. 26 bauddha paraMparAnA upara sUcavAyelA baMne pakSono lAMbo itihAsa bauddha vADmayamAM che. ame to ahIM prastutopayogI keTalAka saMketo karavA ucita samajIe chIe. pAli piTako upara madAra rAkhanAro bauddha pakSa sthaviravAda kahevAya che jyAre pAli piTako uparathI banelA saMskRta piTako upara madAra bAMdhanAro pakSa mahAyAna kahevAya che.22 mahAyAna paraMparAno eka prasiddha graMtha laMkAvatAra che je I.sa.nI prAraMbhika rAtAbdIomAM racAyo che. laMkAvatAranA AThamA 'mAMsabhakSaNa parivarta' nAmanA prakaraNamAM mahAmati bodhisattve buddhane kahyuM ke - 'Apa mAMsabhakSaNanA guNadoSanuM nirUpaNa karo. ghaNA loko buddhazAsana para AkSepa kare che ke buddhe bauddha bhikSuo mATe mAMsabhakSaNanI anujJA ApI che ane khuda buddhe paNa mAMsabhakSaNa karyuM che. bhaviSyamAM ame kevo upadeza ApIe e Apa kaho.' AnA uttaramAM buddhe te bodhisattvane kahyuM ke - 'bhalA, badhAM prANIomAM maitrIbhAvanA rAkhanAro huM kevI rIte mAMsa khAvAnI anujJA daI zakuM ane huM khuda mAMsane khAI zakuM ? alabatta, bhaviSyamAM evA mAMsalolupa kutarkavAdI tharo je mArA upara jUThuM lAMchana lagADIne potAnI mAMsalolupatAnI tRpti kararo ane vinayapiTakono kalpita artha karIne lokone bhramamAM nAkharo. huM to sarvayA sarva prakAranA mAMsano tyAga karavAnuM ja kahuM chuM.' A matalabano je upadeza laMkAvatArakAre buddhanA mukhathI karAvyo che te eTalo badho yuktipUrNa ane manoraMjaka che ke jene vAMcI koI paNa abhyAsI sahaja rIte ja e jANI rAke che ke mahAyAna paraMparAmAM mAMsabhojana viruddha kevuM prabaLa Andolana thayuM hatuM ane tenI sAme bIjo pakSa keTalA baLathI vinayapiTakAki zAstronA AdhAre mAMsabhakSaNanuM samarthana karato hato. lagabhaga I.sa.nI chaThThI rAtAbdImAM zAntideva nAmanA bauddha vidvAna thayA. te mahAyAna paraMparAnA ja anuyAyI hatA. temaNe 'zikSAsamuccaya' nAmanA potAnA granthamAM mAMsa levA na levA aMgenI zAstrIya carcA karI che. temanI samakSa mAMsagrahaNanuM samarthana karanArI sthaviravAdI paraMparA uparAMta keTalAka mahAyAnI granthakAse paNa evA hatA jeo mAMsagrahaNanuM samarthana karatA hatA. zAntideve potAnA samaya sudhInA prAyaH badhA pakSa-vipakSonAM zAstro joIne temano ekabIjA sAtheno virodha dUra karavAno tathA potAno spaSTa abhiprAya pragaTa karavAno prayatna karyo che. zAntidevano chevaTano nirNaya ane salAha to laMkAvatArakAranI jema mAMsaniSedhataraphI ja che, tema chatAM laMkAvatArasUtrakAranI apekSAe temanI samakSa vipakSanuM sAhitya ane vipakSanI dalIlo bahu ja adhika hatI je badhIne te TALI zakatA na hatA. tethI laMkAvatAra sUtranA AdhAre 22. juo ante ApeluM pariziSTa

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27 sAmiSa-nirAmiSAhAra mAMsaniSedhanuM samarthana karavA chatAM paNa zAnideve keTalAMka evAM apavAdasthAno dekhADyAM che je apavAdasthAnomAM yA apavAdaprasaMgoe bhikSumAMsa paNa laI zake che. temaNe kahyuM che ke jo koI evo samartha bhikSu hoya ke jenA mRtyuthI samAdhimArgano lopa thaI jato hoya ane auSadha tarIke mAMsagrahaNa karavAthI tenuM bacavuM saMbhava hoya to evA bhikSu mATe mAMsa paNa bhaiSajya tarIke kathya che. joke zAntideve buddhanuM nAma laIne bhaiSajya tarIke mAMsagrahaNa karavAnI vAta karI nathI tema chatAM jaNAya che ke jemAM grahaNanA pakSapAtIo buddha grahaNa karelA sUkaramAMsanI vAta AgaLa dharIne potAnA pakSanuM samarthana karatA hatA temane A javAba ApavAmAM Avyo che. zAntideve vinayapiTakamAM vihita trikoTiyuddha mAMsa ane sahaja mRtyuthI mRta prANInA mAMsanAM sUcaka aneka sUtronuM tAtparya mAMsaniSedhanI daSTie darzAvyuM che. zAntidevano prayatna mAMsaniSedhagAmI hovA chatAM paNa apavAdasahiSNu che. buddhaghoSa laMkAvatArakAra ane zAntidevanI vacce thayA che ane te sthaviravAdI paNa che. tethI temaNe pAlipiTakonI tathA vinayanI prAcIna paraMparAne surakSita rAkhavAno bharacaka prayatna karyo che. A saMkSipta vivaraNathI vAcaka samajI zakaze ke mAMsanA grahaNa ane agrahaNanI bAbatamAM bauddha paraMparAmAM kevo UhApoha rArU thayo hato. vaidika zAstromAM hiMsA-ahiMsAnI daSTie arthabhedano ItihAsa: e to suvidita che ke vaidika paraMparA mAMsamasyAdine akhAdya mAnavAmAM eTalI kaDaka nathI jeTalI kaDaka boddha ane jaina paraMparA che. vaidika yajJayAgomAM pazudhane dharme manAto hovAnuM vidhAna Aja paNa zAstromAM che ja. eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu bhAratavyApI vaidika paraMparAnA anuyAyI kahevAtAM aneka jAtidaLa evAM che je brAhmaNa hovA chatAM paNa mAMsamasyAdine annanI jema khAdyarUpa gaNe che ane kahe che tathA dhArmika kriyAomAM to tene dharkha tarIke sthApita paNa kare che. vaidika paraMparAnI AvI sthiti hovA chatAM paNa ApaNe dekhIe chIe ke tenI kaTTara anuyAyI aneka zAkhAo ane upazAkhAoe hiMsAsUcaka zAstrIya vAkyono ahiMsAparaka artha karyo che ane dhArmika anuSThAnomAMthI tathA sAmAnya jIvanavyavahAramAMthI mAMsamasyAdine akhAdya jAhera karIne bahiSkRtAryA che. koI ativistRta paraMparAnA karoDo anuyAyIomAMthI koI mAMsane akhAdya ane agrAhya samaje e to svAbhAvika che, paraMtu acaraja to tyAre thAya che jyAre teo te ja dharmazAstranAM vAkyono ahiMsAparaka artha kare che jemano hiMsApaka artha te ja paraMparAnAM prAmANika ane prAcIna daLo kare che. sanAtana paraMparAnA prAcIna badhA mImAMsaka vyAkhyAkAro yajJayAgAdimAM go, aja, AdinA vadhane dharme sthApita kare che jyAre vaiSNava, Arya samAja, svAmInArAyaNa Adi jevI aneka vaidika paraMparAo te vAkyono kAM to taddana judo ahiMsApaka artha kare che kAM to evuM saMbhavana hoya tyAM evAM vAkyone prakSipta kahIne pratiSThita zAstromAM sthAna devA icchatI nathI. mImAMsaka jevA prAcIna vaidika paraMparAne anusaranAra ane prAmANika vyAkhyAkAra zabdono yathAvat artha karIne hiMsAprayAthI bacavA mATe eTaluM kahIne chUTakAro meLavI le che ke kaliyugamAM evA

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nirjhanyasampradAya yajJayAgAdi vidheya nathI, to vaiSNava, AryasamAja Adi vaidika zAkhAo te rAbdono artha ja ahiMsAparaka kare che yA temane prakSipta mAne che. sArAMza e che ke ativistRta ane anekavidha AcAravicAravALIvaidika paraMparA paNa aneka sthaLe zAstrIya vAkyono hiMsAparaka artha karavo ke ahiMsAparaka e muddA upara paryApta matabheda dharAve che. - zatapatha, taittirIya jevA prAcIna pratiSThita brAhmaNa granthomAM jyAM somayAganuM vistRta varNana che tyAM aja, go, azva Adi pazuonuM saMzapana karavAnuM - arthAt pazuono vadha karI temanA mAMsa AdithI yajana karavAnuM - zAstrIya vidhAna che. tevI ja rIte pAraskarIya gRhyasUtra AdimAM joIe chIe ke jyAM aSTaka zrAddha, zUlagava karma25 ane atyeSTi saMskAranuM 26 varNana che tyAM gAya, bakarA jevAM pazuonAM mAMsa-carabI Adi dravyathI kriyA saMpanna karavAnuM niHsaMdeha vidhAna che. kahevuM nahi paDe ke AvA mAMsAdipradhAna yajJa ane saMskAra te samayanI yAda devaDAve che jyAre kSatriya ane vairayanA ja nahi paraMtu brAhmaNa sudhdhAMnA jIvanavyavahAramAM mAMsano upayoga sAdhAraNa vAta hatI. paraMtu AgaLa upara samaya pasAra thatAM sthiti badalAI jAya che. vaidika paraMparAmAM ja eka evo prabaLa pakSa pedA thayo jeNe yajJa tathA zrAddha Adi karmomAM dharyarUpe anivArya manAtI hiMsAno joradAra virodha zarU karyo. zramaNa jevI avaidika paraMparAo to hiMsaka yAga-saMskAra Adino prabaLa virodha karatI ja hatI paraMtu jyAre gharamAM ja Aga lAgI tyAre vaidika paraMparAnI prAcIna zAstrIya mAnyatAonAM mULa hacamacI gayAM ane vaidika paraMparAmAM be pakSa paDI gayA. eka pakSe dharme manAtA hiMsaka yAga-saMskAra AdinuM prAcIna zAstrIya vAkyonA AdhAre samarthana cAlu rAkhyuM jyAre bIjA pakSe te ja vAkyono kAM to artha badalI nAkhyo kAM to artha badalyA vinA ja kahI dIdhuM ke AvA hiMsApradhAnayAga tathA saMskAra kaliyugamAM varSa che. A baMne pakSonI dalIlabAjI ane vicArasaraNInI bodhaprada tathA manoraMjaka kustI ApaNane mahAbhAratamAM pade pade jovA maLe che. anuzAsana ane azvamedhIya28 parvo A bAbatamAM khAsa dhyAna daIne jovA jevo che. 23. eka praznanA uttaramAM svAmI dayAnanda satyArthaprakAzamAM je kahyuM che ane 'dayAnanda siddhAnta bhAskara pR. 113 upara je uddhata che tene ame nIce ApIe chIe jenAthI e sArI rIte jANI zakAya che ke svAmIjIe zAbdone kevA toDImaraDIne ahiMsAdaSTieno artha ryo cherAjA nyAyadharmathI prajAnuM pAlana kare, vidyAdinuM dAna denArA yajamAna ane agnimAM ghI Adino homa karavo azvamedha; anna, indriyo, kiraNa (ane) pRthvI Adine pavitra rAkhavAM e gomedha, jyAre manuSya marI jAya tyAre tenA zarIrano vidhipUrvaka dAha karavo naramedha kahevAya che.' satyArthaprakAzasa. 11. 24. kADa3, a. 8-9 kADa6, prapAThaka 3. 26. kASTha3, 4-8. 27. anuzAsanaparva-117 zloka 23. 28. azvamedhIyaparva - a. 91 thI 95; nakulAkhyAna a. 94 agatyakRta bIjamaya yajJa.

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3 sAmiSa-nirAmiSaAhAra 29 34 mahAbhArata uparAMta matsya ane bhAgavata Adi purANa paNa hiMsaka yAgavirodhI vaidika pakSanA vijayanI sAkSI pUre che. kaliyugamAM varjya vastuonuM varNana karanArA aneka grantha che jemAM AdityapurANa 1, bRhannAradIya smRti?, vIramitroyaDe tathA brahmapurANa che. temanAmAM anyAnya vastuo sAthe yajJIya govadha, pazuvadha tathA brAhmaNanA hAthe karAtuM pazumAraNa paNa varjya darzAvAyuM che. manusmRti tathA mahAbhAratamAM e paNa kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke dhRtamaya yA piSTamaya aja AdithI yajJa saMpanna karo paNa vRthA pazuhiMsA na karo. hiMsaka yAgasUcaka vAkyono prAcIna artha jemano tema mAnIne temanuM samarthana karanArI sanAtanamAnasa mImAMsaka paraMparA hoya ke te vAkyono artha badalanArI vaiSNava, AryasamAja Adi navI paraMparA hoya paraMtu te banne paraMparAo bahudhA potAnA jIvanavyavahAramAM mAMsamatsyaAdithI dUra ja rahe che. bannenuM aMtara mukhyapaNe prAcIna zAstrIya vAkyono artha karavAmAM ja che. sanAtanamAnasa ane navamAnasa evI be paraMparAonI paraspara virodhI carcAnI asara ekabIjA upara paNa jovAmAM Ave che. udAharaNArtha ApaNe vaiSNava paraMparAne laIe. joke A paraMparA mukhyapaNe ahiMsaka yAgano ja pakSa letI rahI che tema chatAM paNa tenI viziSTAdvaitavAdI rAmAnujIya zAkhA ane dvaitavAdI mAdhya zAkhA vacce moTuM antara che. mAdhya zAkhA ajano piSTamaya aja evo artha karIne ja dharmsa AcArono nirvAha kare che jyAre rAmAnuja razAkhA ekAntapaNe evuM mAnanArI nathI. rAmAnuja zAkhAmAM teMgale ane vaDagale jevA be bheda che. draviDiyana teMgale zabdano artha che dAkSiNAtya vidyA ane vaDagale zabdano artha che saMskRta vidyA. teMgale zAkhAvALo rAmAnujI koI paNa prakAranA pazuvadha sAthe saMmata nathI. tethI te svabhAvathI ja go, aja Adi rAbdono artha ja badalI nAkhaze yA evA yajJone kaliyugavarjya koTimAM mUkI dero jyAre vaDagale zAkhAvALo rAmAnujI vaiSNava hovA chatAM paNa hiMsaka yAga sAthe saMmata che. A rIte ApaNe TUMkamAM joyuM ke auddha ane vaidika banne paraMparAomAM ahiMsAsiddhAntanA AdhAra para mAMsa jevI vastuonI khAghAkhAghatAno itihAsa aneka kriyA-pratikriyAothI raMgAyelo che. 29. matsyapurANa, zloka 121. 30. bhAgavatapurANa, skandha7, a. 15, zloka 7-11. 31. AdityapurANa jevuM ke hemAdrie uSkRta karyuM che - 'mahAprasthAnagamanaM gosaMjJaptizca gosave / sautrAmaNyAmapi surAgrahaNasya ca saMgrahaH // ' 32. bRhannAradIya smRti, a. 22, zloka 12-16. 33. vIramitrodaya, saMskAra prakaraNa, pR. 99. 34. smRticandrikA, saMskArakANDa, pR. 28. 35. manusmRti, 5.37. 36. anuzAsanaparva-177, zloka 54.

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nigraMnyasampradAya sAmiSa-nirAmiSa AhAranuM pariziSTa hInayAna ane mahAyAna sthaviravAda ane mahAyAna e banne eka ja tathAgata buddhane ane temanA upadezone mAnanAra che tema chatAM paNa bannenI vacce eTalo badho ane tIvra virodha, jevo be sapatnIo arthAt zoko vacce hoya che tevo, kyAreka thayo che. evI ja mAnasika kaTutA eka ja bhagavAna mahAvIrane ane temanA upadezone mAnanAra zvetAmbara, digambara Adi phirakAo vacce paNa itihAsamAM maLe che. ema to bhArata dharmabhUmi kahevAya che ane vastutaH che paNa tema chatAM te jevo dharmabhUmi rahyo che tevo dharmayuddhabhUmi paNa rahyo che. ApaNane itihAsamAM dharmakalaha be prakArano maLe che. eka to te che je bhinna bhinna saMpradAyo vacce rahyo che, bIjo te che je eka ja saMpradAyanA avAntara Antarika phirakAo vacce paraspara rahyo che. pahelAnuM udAharaNa che vaidika ane avaidika(zramaNa)no pArasparika saMgharSa je bannenAM dharmazAstra ane darzanazAstramAM nirdiSTa che. bIjAnuM udAharaNa che eka ja aupaniSada paraMparAnA avAntara bhedo zAMkara, rAmAnujIya, mAdhva, vallabhIya Adi phirakAo vaccenI ugra mAnasika kaTutA. A ja rIte bauddha ane jaina jevI zramaNa paraMparAo vacce je mAnasika kadratA paraspara ugra thaI teNe chevaTe eka ja saMpradAyanA avAjora phirakAomAM paNa pagapesAro karyo. enuM phaLa sthaviravAda ane mahAyAna vacceno tathA zvetAmbara ane digambara vacceno ugra virodha che. buddhanirvANanA so varSa pachI vaizAlImAM je saMgIti thaI temAM sthaviravAda ane mahAsAMghika evA be pakSa to paDI ja gayA hatA. AgaLa upara trIjI saMgItinA samaye azoka dvArA jyAre banne pakSo vacce samAdhAna na thayuM tyAre virodhanI khAI pahoLI thavA lAgI. sthaviravAdIoe mahAsAMdhikone 'adharmavAdI" tathA "pApabhikSu' kahIne bahiSkRta ryA. mahAsAMdhikoe paNa teno badalo cUkavavo zarU karyo. kramazaH mahAsAMdhikomAMthI ja mahAyAnano vikAsa thayo. mahAyAnanA prabaLa puraskartA nAgArjune potAnA dAbhUmivibhASAzAstramAM lakhyuM che ke je zrAvakyAna ane pratyekyAnamAM arthAt sthaviravAdamAM praveza kare che te saghaLA lAbhane naSTa karI de che, pachI kyAreya bodhisattva banI rAkato nathI. nAgArjunanuM kahevuM che ke narakamAM javuM bhayaprada nathI paraMtu hInayAnamAM praveza karavo avazya bhayaprada che. nAgArjunanA anugAmI sthiramatie (I.sa. 200-300 vacce) potAnA mahAyAnAvatAraka zAstramAM lakhyuM che ke je mahAyAnanI niMdA kare che te pApabhASI ane narakagAmI bane che. vasubadhue (cothI rAtAbdI) potAnA bodhicittotpAdanazAstramAM lakhyuM che ke je mahAyAnanA tattvamAM doSa dekhe che te cAramAMthI eka mahAna aparAdha yA pApa kare che ane je mahAyAna upara zraddhA rAkhe che te cAre vipnone pAra kare che. upara je bauddha hInayAna-mahAyAna jevA phirakAo vacce janmelI mAnasika kaTutAno ullekha ameryo che te jena phirakAo vacce janmelI tevI ja mAnasika kaTutA sAthe tulanIya che. jyAre samaya, sthAna ane vAtAvaraNanI samAnatAno aitihAsika daSTie ApaNe vicAra karIe chIe tyAre jaNAya che ke dharmaviSayaka mAnasika kaTutA eka cepI roganI jema phelAyelI hatI.

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ayelatva-saelatva (1) candragupta mauryanA samayamAM pATaliputramAM thayelI vAcanA samaye jaina saMghamAM pUrNa ekamatyano je abhAva hato e ApaNane bauddha vaizAlI saMgItinI yAda devaDAve che. (2) I.sa.nI bIjI zatAbdInA aMtamAM zvetAmbara-digambara phirakAonuM pArasparika attara eTaluM badhuM vadhI gayuM hatuM ke eka bIjAne nidbhava' to bIjAe pahelAne "jenAbhAsa" sudhdhAM kahI dIdho. A ghaTanA ApaNane sthaviravAdI ane mahAsAMdhikonI vacce thayelI paraspara bharjanAnI yAda devaDAve che jemAM eka bIjAne adharmavAdI tathA bIjAe pahelAne hInayAnI kahyo. (3) ame pahelAM (pR. 9-10) je vyutAvarNavAdadoSanA lAMchanano nirdeza karyo che te ApaNane upara sUcita sthiramati ane vasubadhu Adi dvArA hInayAnIo upara karavAmAM AvelA tIvra prahAronI yAda devaDAve che. vizeSa vivaraNa mATe juo A Historical Study of the terms Hinayana and Mahayana Buddhism by Prof. Ryukan Kimura, Published by Calcutta University. (2). acelatva-saelatva bauddha piTakomAM pade pade koIne koI prasaMgamAM nigaMTho nAtaputto' jevA zabdo Ave che, tathA nigaMThA ekasATakA jevA zabdo paNa Ave che. jaina AgamonA jANakAro mATe A zabdono artha koI paNa rIte kaThinanathI. bhagavAna mahAvIra ja sUtratAMga jevA prAcIna AgamomAM "nAyapura' tarIke nirdiSTa che. tevI ja rIte AcArAMganA atiprAcIna prathama zrutaskaMdhamAM acelaka ane ekavastradhArI nirgunhakalpanI paNa vAta Ave che. khuda mahAvIranA jIvananI carcA karanAra AcArAMganA navamA adhyayanamAM paNa mahAvIranA gRhAbhiniSkramaNanuM varNana karatI vakhate kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke temaNe zarUAtamAM eka vastra dhAraNa karyuM hatuM paraMtu amuka samaya pachI te eka vastrane paNa temaNe choDI dIdhuM ane te acelaka banI gayA. bauddha granthomAM varNita ekarATaka nircanya' pArzvanAthayA mahAvIranI paraMparAnA ja hoI zake, bIjA koI nahi, kema ke AjanI jema te yugamAM tathA tenAthI paNa prAcIna yugamAM nirjhanya paraMparA sivAya paNa bIjI avadhUta Adi aneka evI paraMparA hatI je paraMparAomAMnagna ane savasana tyAgI hatA paraMtu jyAre ekATaka sAthe 'nigaMTha viroSaNa Ave che tyAre niHsaMdehapaNe bauddha 1. majhimanikAya, sutta56. 2. aMguttaranikAya, Vol. 3, pR. 383. 3. sUtrakRtAMga, 1.2.3.22. 4. AcArAMganuM vimohAdhyayana. 5. AcArAMga, a. 9.

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32 nircanyasampradAya granya nirjhanya paraMparAnA ekarATakano ja nirdeza kare che ema mAnavuM joIe. ahIM vicAraNIya prazna e che ke nirjhanya paraMparAmAM acelatva ane sacela e banne mahAvIranA jIvanakAlamAM ja vidyamAna hatAM ke tenAthI paNa pahelAMnA samayamAM pracalita pArzvapatyika paraMparAmAM paNa hatAM? mahAvIre pArzvapatyika paraMparAmAM ja dIkSA lIdhI hatI ane zarUAtamAM eka vastra dhAraNaryuM hatuM. tethI e to jJAta thAya che ke pArzvapatyika paraMparAmAM sacetatva cAlyuM AvatuM hatuM. paraMtu ApaNe jANavuM to e che ke acelatva bhagavAna mahAvIre ja nirjhanya paraMparAmAM pahelavahelA dAkhala karyuM ke pUrvavartI pArzvapatyika paraMparAmAM paNa hatuM jene mahAvIre kramazaH svIkAryuM. AcArAMga, uttarAdhyayana jevA prAcIna granthomAM bhagavAna mahAvIranI keTalIka evI viroSatAo darzAvI che je pUrvavartI pArzvapatyika paraMparAmAMna hatI, jemane bhagavAna mahAvIre ja zarU karI hatI. bhagavAna mahAvIranI jIvanakkAmAM to eTaluM ja kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke teo svIkRta vastrano tyAga karIne sarvathA acela banI gayA, paraMtu uttarAdhyayana sUtramAM kezigautamasaMvAdamAM pArzvapatyika paraMparAnA pratinidhi kezI dvArA mahAvIranA mukhya ziSya gautama AgaLa e prazna upasthita karAvavAmAM Avyo che ke bhagavAna mahAvIre to acelaka dharma upadezyo che ane pArzvanAthe sacela dharma upadezyo che, jo banneno uddeza eka ja che to pachI bane jinonA upadezamAM aMtara kema? A prazna uparathI spaSTa thAya che ke praznakartA kezI ane uttaradAtA gautama e vAtamAM ekamata hatAke nirjhanya paraMparAmAM acela dharma bhagavAna mahAvIre zarU karI calAvyo. jo AvuM ja che to itihAsa paNa e ja kahe che ke bhagavAna mahAvIra pahelAM aitihAsika yugamAM nirjhanya paraMparAnuM kevaLa cela svarUpa hatuM. bhagavAna mahAvIre acalatA dAkhala karI to temanA bAhyaAdhyAtmika vyaktitvathI AkarSAIne aneka pArzvapatyika ane navA nirjhanya paNa acelaka banyA, tema chatAM paNa pArzvapatyika paraMparAmAM eka varga evo paNa hato je mahAvIranA rAsanamAM AvavAto mAgato hato paNa tene sarvathA acetatva apanAvavuM potAnI rAti bahAra lAgatuM hatuM. te varganI rAti, azakti ane prAmANikatAno vicAra karIne bhagavAna mahAvIre acelatvano Adarza rAkhavA chatAM paNa sacelatvanuM maryAdita vidhAna kyuM ane potAnA saMghane pAzcaMpatyika paraMparA sAthe joDavAno rasto khullo karI dIdho. A maryAdAmAM bhagavAna mahAvIre traNathI be ane bethI eka vastra rAkhavAnuM paNa kahyuM che. eka vastra rAkhanArAo mATe AcArAMgamAM ekazATaka ja zabda che, jema bauddha piTakomAM che tema. A rIte bauddha piTakonA ullekho ane jaina AgamonAM varNanone meLavIe chIe to e mAnavuM ja paDe che ke piTaka ane AgamonAM varNano kharekhara aitihAsika che. jo ke bhagavAna mahAvIra pachI uttarottara sacelatA tarapha nirjhanyonI pravRtti vadhatI gaI che tema chatAM paNa temAM acelatva rahyuM che ane tenI pratiSThA 6. uttarAdhyayana, 23.13. 7. juo AcArAMganuM vimohAdhyayana " 8. AcArAMga,7.4.209. 9. juo aMguttaranikAya, Vol. 3, pR. 383

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tapa mukhya rahI che. ATalI aitihAsika carcAthI ApaNe nimnalikhita niSkarSa upara nirvivAdapaNe pahoMcIe chIe? (1) bhagavAna mahAvIra pahelAM itihAsayugamAM nirjhanya paraMparA sacela ja hatI. (2) bhagavAna mahAvIre potAnA jIvana dvArA ja nircanya paraMparAmAM acelatva dAkhala karyuM ane te acelatva ja nirjhanyonA AdarzarUpa manAvA lAgyuM to paNa pArzvapatyika paraMparAnA nirjhanyone potAnI navI paraMparAmAM meLavI-bheLavI devAnI daSTie nirgunthonA maryAdita sacelatvane paNa sthAna ApavAmAM AvyuM jenA pariNAme bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM nirgastha paraMparAnA sacela ane acela bane rUpo sthira thayAM ane sacelamAM paNa ekazATaka ja utkRSTa AcAra manAyo. (3) bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayamAM yAkeTaloka samaya gayA pachI sacetatva ane acelatvanA pakSapAtIomAM kaMIka kheMcatANa yA prAcInatA-arvAcInatAne laIne vAdavivAda thavA lAgyo, tyAre bhagavAna mahAvIre yA temanA samakAlIna ziSyoe samAdhAna kyuM ke adhikArabhede banne AcAra yogya che, jo ke prAcInatAnI daSTie to sacelatA ja mukhya che, paraMtu acalatA navIna hovA chatAM guNadaSTie mukhya che. saelatA ane acelatA vacce je sAmaMjasya thayuM hatuM te paNa mahAvIra pachI lagabhaga baso-aDhIso sAla sudhI barAbara cAlu rahyuM. pachI AgaLa banne pakSonA abhiniveza ane khecatANanA kAraNe nirjhanya paraMparAmAM evI vikRtio pravezIke jemanA kAraNe uttarakAlIna nirjhantha vAlmaya paNa te muddA upara vikRta jevuM banI gayuM. (3) tapa bauddha piTakomAM aneka sthAne nigaTha sAthe tapassI', 'dIghatapassI evAM vizeSaNo Ave che, A rIte keTalAMya bauddha suttomAM rAjagRhI Adi jevAM sthAnomAM tapasyA karatA nirjhanthonuM varNana che, ane khuda tathAgata buddha nircanthonI tapasyAnI karelI samAlocanA paNa Ave che. A ja pramANe jyAM buddhe potAnA pUrvajIvananI kathA ziSyone kahI che tyAM paNa temaNe potAnA sAdhanAkALamAM karelI keTalIka evI tapasyAonuM varNana karyuM che je tapasyAo eka mAtra nirca paraMparAnI ja kahI zakAya che ane je A vartamAna samayamAM upalabdha jaina AgamomAM varNavAyelI nircanthatapasyAo sAthe akSarazaH maLatI Ave che. have ApaNe jovuM e che ke bauddha piTakomAM AvatuM nirjhanthatapasyAnuM varNana kyAM sudhI aitihAsika che. khuda jJAtaputra mahAvIranuM jIvana ja kevaLa eka ugra tapasyAnuM mUrta svarUpa che, je AcArAMganA prathama zrutaskalpamAM maLe che. te sivAya AgamonA badhA prAcIna staromAM jyAM kyAMya paNa koInI pravrajyAnuM varNana Ave che tyAM zarUAtamAM ja ApaNane jovA maLe che ke te 1. majhimanikAya, sutta56 ane 14. 2. ejana, sutta 26. kosAMbIkRta buddhacarita (gujarAtI)

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34 nirjhanyasampradAya dIkSita nircanthatapa:karmanuM AcaraNa kare che. eka rIte to mahAvIranA sAdhusaMghanI pUrI carcA ja tapomaya maLe che. anuttarovavAI Adi AgamomAM evA aneka munionuM varNana che ke jemaNe utkaTatapathI potAnA dehane kevaLa hADapiMjara banAvI dIdho che. e sivAya Aja sudhInI jema paraMparAnAM zAstro tathA sAdhu-gRhasthonA AcAro jovAthI paNa ApaNe e ja kahI zakIe chIe ke mahAvIranA zAsanamAM tapano mahimA adhika rahyo che ane mahAvIranA utkaTa tapanI asara saMgha upara evI paDI che ke jenatva tapano bIjo paryAya ja banI gayuM che. mahAvIranA vihAranAM sthAnomAM aMga-magadha, kAzI-kozala sthAna mukhya che. je rAjagRhI vagere sthAnomAM tapasyA karanArA nircanthono nirdeza bauddha granthomAM Ave che te rAjagRhI vagere sthAna to mahAvIranAM sAdhanA temaja upadezanA samayanAM mukhya dhAmo rahyAM che ane te sthAnomAM mahAvIrano nirjhanyasaMgha pradhAnapaNe rahyo che. Ama ApaNe bauddha piTaka ane jaina Agamone meLavavAthI nIce jaNAvelAM pariNAmo upara pahoMcIe chIe(1) khuda mahAvIra ane temano nirgandhasaMghatapomayajIvana upara adhika bhAra ApatA hatA. (2) aMga-magadhanA rAjagRhI Adi ane kAzI-kozalanA zrAvastI Adi zaheromAM tapasyA karanArA nirjhanyo bahu moTI saMkhyAmAM vicaratA hatA ane maLatA hatA. uparanAkathanathI mahAvIranI samakAlIna tathA uttarakAlIna nirjhanyaparaMparAnI tapasyApradhAna vRtti bAbate to koI saMdeha raheto ja nathI, paraMtu vicAravuM to e che ke mahAvIranI pahelAM paNa nirjhanya paraMparA tapasyApradhAna hatI ke nahi? A praznano uttara ApaNane 'hA'mAM ja maLe che kema ke bhagavAna mahAvIre pArzvanAthanI nirjhanya paraMparAmAM ja dIkSA lIdhI hatI ane dIkSAnA prAraMbhathI ja te tapanI tarapha jhUkyA hatA. te uparathI pArzvapatyika paraMparAno tapanI tarapha kevo jhukAva hato enI jANakArI ApaNane maLI jAya che. bhagavAna pArzvanAthanA jIvananuM je varNana jaina granthomAM Ave che tene jovAthI paNa ApaNe e ja kahI zakIe chIe ke pArzvanAthanI nircanya paraMparA tapazcaryApradhAna rahI hatI. te paraMparAmAM bhagavAna mahAvIre zuddhi yA vikAsanuM tattva potAnA jIvana dvArA bhale ne dAkhala karyuM hoya paraMtu temaNe pahelethI cAlI AvatI pArzvapatyika nircanya paraMparAmAM tapomArgane navo dAkhala to nathI ja karyo. AnI sAbitI ApaNane bIjI rIte paNa maLI jAya che. jyAM buddha potAnA pUrvajIvananuM varNana karatAM anekavidha tapasyAonI niHsAratA potAnA ziSyo AgaLa rajU karI che tyAM nirgasthatapasyAno paNa nirdeza che. buddha jJAtaputra mahAvIra pahelAM janma lIdho hato ane gRhatyAga karIne tapasvImArgano svIkAra karyo hato. te samaye pracalita acAnya paMthonI jema buddha nirjhanya paMthane paNa thoDAka samaya mATe svIkAryo hato ane potAnA samayamAM pracalita nircanthatapasyAnuM AcaraNa paNa kyuM hatuM. tethI jyAre buddha potAnI pUrvAcarita tapasyAonuM varNana kare che tyAre temAM hUbahU nirgasthatapasyAonuM 3. bhagavatI, 9.33, 2.1, 9.6. 4. bhagavatI, 2.1. 5. juo pR. 33 Ti. 2.

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tapa 35 svarUpa paNa Ave che je atyAre jaina grantho ane jaina paraMparA sivAya bIje kyAMya jovA maLatuM nathI. mahAvIra pahelAM je nirpranthatapasyAnuM buddhe anuSThAna karyuM hatuM te tapasyA pArzvapazcika nirprantha paraMparA sivAya anya koI nirprantha paraMparAnI hovAno saMbhava nathI kema ke mahAvIra to haju mojUda ja na hatA ane buddhanA janmasthAna kapilavastuthI laIne temanA sAdhanAsyala rAjagRhI, gayA, kAzI AdimAM pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparAnuM nirvivAda astitva ane prAdhAnya hatuM. jyAM buddhe sauprathama dharmacakrapravartana karyuM te sAranAtha paNa kAzIno ja eka bhAga che, ane te kANI pArzvanAthanI janmabhUmi tathA tapasyAbhUmi rahI che. potAnI sAdhanAnA samaye buddhanI sAthe je pAMca bIjA bhikSuo hatA te buddhane choDIne sAranAtha-isipattanamAM ja AvIne potAnuM tapa karatA hatA. te pAMca bhikSuo pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparAnA ja anuyAyIo hoya to temAM koI AzcaryanI vAta nathI. game te ho, paraMtu buddhe nirprantha tapasyAnuM, bhale ne thoDA samaya mATe, AcaraNa karyuM hatuM emAM to koI saMdeha nathI ja ane te tapasyA pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparAnI ja hoI zake che. A uparathI ApaNe mAnI zakIe chIe ke jJAtaputra mahAvIra pahelAM paNa nirprantha paraMparAnuM svarUpa tapasyApradhAna ja hatuM. uparanI carcAthI nirprantha paraMparAnI tapasyA saMbaMdhI aitihAsika sthiti e phalita thAya che ke ochAmAM ochuM pArzvanAthathI laIne nirgandha paraMparA tapaHpradhAna rahI che ane tenA tapanA jhukAvane vaLI pAcho vadhu vega mahAvIre Apyo. ahIM ApaNI samakSa aitihAsika daSTie be prazna che. eka to e ke buddhe vAraMvAra nigranthatapasyAono je prativAda yA khaMDana karyuM che tekeTale sudhI sAcuM che ane temanA khaMDanano AdhAra zo che ? bIjo prazna e ke mahAvIre pUrvapracalita nirpranthatapasyAmAM koI viroSatA lAvavAno prayatna karyo che ke nahi ane jo karyo che to kyo ? (1) nigranthatapasyAnuM khaMDana karavA pAchaLa buddhanI mukhya daSTi e ja rahI che ke tapa e kAyakleza che, dehadamana mAtra che. tenA dvArA duH kha sahana karavAno abhyAsa vadhe che paraMtu tenAthI koI AdhyAtmika sukha yA cittazuddhi prApta thatI nathI.. buddhanI e daSTinI nirprantha daSTi sAthe jo ApaNe tulanA karIe to ApaNe kahevuM paDe ke nigrantha paraMparAnI dRSTi ane buddhanI dRSTi vacce tAttvika koI antara nathI, kema ke khuda mahAvIra ane temanA upadezane mAnanArI pUrI nirprantha paraMparAnuM vADmaya banne eka svare e ja kahe che? ke dehadamana ke kAyaklerA game teTalo ugra kema na hoya paraMtu jo teno upayoga AdhyAtmika zuddhi yA cittaklezanA nivAraNamAM na thato hoya to te dehadamana yA kAyakleza mithyA che. Ano artha to e ja thayo ke nirprantha paraMparA paNa dehadamana yA kAyaklezane tyAM sudhI ja sArthaka gaNe che jyAM sudhI teno saMbaMdha AdhyAtmika zuddhi sAthe hoya. to pachI buddhe prativAda kema karyo? - A prazna sahaja ja Ubho thAya che. AnokhulAso buddhanA jIvananA jhukAvathI tathA temanA upadezothI maLI jAya che. buddhanI prakRti viroSa parivartanazIla ane viroSa tarkazIla rahI che. temanI prakRtine jyAre ugra de hadamanathI saMtoSa na thayo tyAre temaNe tene eka anta kahI choDI dIdhuM ane dhyAnamArga, na 6. juo pR. 33 Ti. 2 7. dazavaikAlika, 9.4-4; bhagavatI, 3-1.

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nirgandhasampradAya 36 naitika jIvana tathA prajJA upara ja mukhya bhAra Apyo. temane tenA dvArA AdhyAtmika sukha prApta thayuM ane te ja tattva upara potAno navo saMgha sthApyo. navo saMgha sthApanAranA mATe e anivAryapaNe jarUrI banI jAya che ke te potAnA AcAravicAra saMbaMdhI navA jhukAvane vadhumAM vadhu logrAhya banAvavA mATe prayatna kare ane pUrvakAlIna tathA samakAlIna anya saMpradAyonA mantavyonI ugra AlocanA kare. ema karyA vinA koI potAnA navA saMghamAM na to anuyAyIone ekaThA karI zake che ke na to ekaThA thayelA anuyAyIone sthira rAkhI zake che. buddhanA navA saMghanI pratispardhI aneka paraMparAo mojUda hatI je paraMparAomAM nirprantha paraMparAnuM prAdhAnya jevuM tevuM na hatuM. sAmAnya janatA sthUladarzI hovAnA kAraNe bAhya ugra tapa ane dehadamanathI tapasvIo tarapha saraLatAthI AkarSAya che, A anubhava sanAtana che. eka to pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparAnA anuyAyIone tapasyAsaMskAra janmasiddha hatA ane bIjuM mahAvIranA tathA temanA nirpranthasaMghanA ugra tapazcaraNa dvArA sAdhAraNa janatA anAyAsa ja nirguntho prati jhUkatI hatI AkarSAtI hatI ane taponuSThAna pratye buddhanuM zithila valaNa joIne temanI samakSa prazna karI besatI hatI ke Apa tapane kema mAnatA nathI8 jyAre badhA zramaNo tapa upara bhAra Ape che ? tyAre buddhane potAnA pakSano khulAso paNa karavo hato ane sAdhAraNa janatA tathA adhikArI temaja rAjAmahArAjAone potAnAM mantavyo tarapha AkarSavA paNa hatA. tethI buddhane mATe e anivArya banI jatuM hatuM ke te tapanI ugra samAlocanA kare. temaNe karyuM paNa ema ja. te tapanI samAlocanAmAM saphaLa tyAre thaI zakatA hatA jyAre te e darzAve ke tapa kevala kaSTa mAtra che. te samaye aneka tapasvImArgo evA paNa hatA je kevaLa bAhya vividha klezomAM ja tapanI itizrI samajatA hatA. te bAhya tapomArgonI niHsAratAno jyAM sudhI saMbaMdha che tyAM sudhI to buddhanuM tapasyAnuM khaMDana yathArtha che, paraMtu jyAre AdhyAtmika zuddhi sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanAra tapasyAonA prativAdano savAla Ave che tyAre te prativAda nyAyamUta jaNAto nathI. tema chatAM buddhe nirprantha tapasyAono khullaMkhullA aneka vAra virodha karyo che to eno artha eTalo ja samajavo joIe ke buddhe nirprantha paraMparAnA daSTikoNane pUrepUro lakSyamAM lIdhA vinA kevaLa tenA bAhya tapanI tarapha ja dhyAna dIdhuM che ane bIjI paraMparAonA khaMDananI sAthe nirprantha paraMparAnA tapane paNa DhasaDyuM che. nirprantha paraMparAno tAttvika dRSTikoNa game te kema na rahyo paraMtu manuSya svabhAvane jotAM tathA jaina granthomAM AvatAM keTalAMka varNanonA AdhAre ApaNe e paNa kahI zakIe chIe ke badhA nirpranthatapasvI evA na hatA je potAnA tapa yA dehadamanane kevaLa AdhyAtmika zuddhimAM ja caritArtha karatA hoya. AvI sthitimAM jo buddhe tathA temanA ziSyoe nirpranthatapasyAno prativAda karyo to te prativAdane aMzata satya paNa kahI zakAya. (2) bIjA praznano uttara ApaNane jaina AgamomAMthI ja maLI jAya che. buddhanI jema mahAvIra paNa kevaLa dehadamanane jIvananuM lakSya samajatA na hatA, kema ke evA anekavidha 8. aMguttaranikAya, volyUma 1, pR. 220. 9. uttarAdhyayana, a. 17.

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ghora dehadamana karanArAone bhagavAna mahAvIre tApasa yA mithyA tapa karanArA kahyA che.10 tapasyAnA viSayamAM pArzvanAthanI daSTi paNa mAtra dehadamana yA kAyaklerApradhAna na hotAM AdhyAtmika zuddhilakSI hatI. paraMtu emAM to koI saMdeha ja nathI ke nirgastha paraMparA paNa kAlanA pravAhamAM paDIne ane mAnavasvabhAvanI nirbaLatAne adhIna thaIne AjanI mahAvIranI paraMparAnI jema mukhyapaNe dehadamana tarapha jhUkI gaI hatI ane AdhyAtmika lakSya eka bAju para rahI gayuM hatuM. bhagavAna mahAvIre karyuM te ATaluM ja che ke te paraMparAgata sthUla tapano saMbaMdha AdhyAtmika zuddhi sAthe anivAryarUpe joDI dIdho ane kahI dIdhuM ke badhI jAtanA kAyakleza, upavAsa Adi zarIrendriyadamana tapa che paraMtu te bAhya tapa che, AMtarika tapanathI. Antarika ane AdhyAtmika tapa to bIjAM ja che je Atmazuddhi sAthe anivArya saMbaMdha rAkhe che ane dhyAna-zAna Adi rUpa che. mahAvIre pAzcaMpatyika nirjhanya paraMparAmAM cAlyA AvatAM bAhya tapano svIkAra to karyo paraMtu tene jemanuM tema svIkAryuM nahi balka keTalAka aMzamAM potAnA jIvana dvArA temAM ugratA lAvIne paNa te dehadamanano saMbaMdha Abhyantara tapanI sAthe joDyo ane spaSTapaNe kahI dIdhuM ke tapanI pUrNatA to AdhyAtmika suddhinI prAptithI ja thaI zake che. khuda AcaraNa dvArA potAnA kathanane siddha karIne jyAM eka tarapha mahAvIre nirjhanya paraMparAnA pUrvapracalita zuSka dehadamanamAM sudhAro karyo tyAM bIjI tarapha temaNe anya zramaNa paraMparAomAM pracalita vividha dehadamanone paNa apUrNa tapa yA mithyA tapa kahyuM. tethI kahI zakAya ke tapomArgamAM mahAvIranuM khAsa pradAna che ane te e ke kevaLa zarIradamana ane indriyadamanamAM ja samAI jatA tapa zabdanA arthane AdhyAtmika zuddhimAM upayogI evA badhA upAyo sudhI vistRta karyo. A ja kAraNe jaina AgamomAM pade pade Abhyantara ane bAhya banne prakAranAM tapono sAthe sAthe nirdeza Ave che. buddhanetapanI pUrva paraMparA choDIne dhyAna-samAdhinI paraMparA upara ja adhika bhAra Apavo hato jyAre mahAvIrane tapanI pUrva paraMparA choDyA vinA paNa tenI sAthe AdhyAtmika zuddhino saMbaMdha joDIne ja dhyAna-samAdhinA mArga upara bhAra devo hato. A ja te bannenI pravRtti ane prarUpaNAnuM mukhya akhtara hatuM. mahAvIranA ane temanA ziSyonA tapasvI jIvananI je asara samakAlIna janatA upara paDatI hatI tenAthI bAdhita thaIne buddhane potAnA bhikSusaMghamAM aneka kaDaka niyamo dAkhala karavA paDyA je bauddha vinayapiTakane jovAthI jaNAI Ave che. to paNa buddhakyAreyabAhyatAno pakSapAta karyo nahi paraMtu ethI UlaTuM jyAre paNa prasaMga Avyo tyAre bAhyatapano parihAsa ja ryo. khuda buddhanI A zelIne uttarakAlIna badhA boddha lekhakoe apanAvI che, pariNAme Aja ApaNe dekhIe chIe ke buddhano dehadamanavirodha bauddha saMghamAM sukamAratAmAM pariNata thaI gayo che, jyAre mahAvIranuM bAhya tapojIvana jaina paraMparAmAM kevala dehadamanamAM pariNata thaI gayuM che je bane sAmudAyika prakRtinA svAbhAvika doSa che, mUla puruSonA- buddha ane mahAvIranA AdarzonA doSa nathI. 10. bhagavatI, 3.1,11.9. 11. uttarAdhyayana, 30. 12. udAharaNArtha, vanaspati AdinA jaMtuonI hiMsAthI bacavA mATe cAturmAsano niyama. juo bauddha saMghano paricaya, pR. 22.

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38 (4) AcAra-vicAra tathAgata buddhe potAnA pUrvajIvananuM varNana karatAM anekavidha AcAronuM varNana karyuM che je AcAronuM pAlana temaNe pote karyuM hatuM. te AcAromAM aneka AcAro evA che je kevaLa nigrantha paraMparAmAM ja prasiddha che ane te samaye paNa te AcAro AcArAMga, dazavaikAlika Adi prAcIna sUtromAM nirpranthanA AcAra tarIke varNavAyA che. A AcAro saMkSepamAM A che - nagnatva (vastro dhAraNa na karavAM), 'Avo bhadanta' 'UbhA raho bhadanta' ema koI kahe to sAMbhaLyuM na sAMbhaLyuM karavuM, sAme lAvIne devAmAM AvatI bhikSAno, potAnA nimitte banAvelI bhikSAno ane ApavAmAM AvelA nimantraNano asvIkAra; je vAsaNamAM rasoI raMdhAI hoya temAMthI ja sIdhI ApavAmAM AvatI bhikSAno tathA khala AdimAMthI ApavAmAM AvatI bhikSAno asvIkAra, jamatI be vyaktiomAMthI UThIne eka dvArA devAmAM AvatI bhikSAno, garbhiNI strI dvArA ApavAmAM AvatI bhikSAno, puruSonI sAthe ekAntamAM rahelI strI dvArA ApavAmAM AvatI bhikSAno, bALakane dUdha pivaDAvatI strI dvArA ApavAmAM AvatI bhikSAno asvIkAra; utsava, meLo, yAtrA AdimAM jyAM sAmUhika rasoI banI hoya tyAMthI bhikSAno asvIkAra; jyAM vacamAM kUtarA jevAM prANIo khaDAM hoya, mAMkhIo baNabaNatI hoya tyAMthI bhikSAno asvIkAra, matsya, mAMsa, zarAba' Adino asvIkAra; kyAreka eka gharethI eka koLiyo, kyAreka be gharethI be koLiyA AdinI bhikSA levI, to kyAreka eka upavAsa, kyAreka be upavAsa Adi karatAM paMdara upavAsa sudhI karavuM; dADhImUchanuM luMcana karavuM, UbhA UbhA ane ubhaDaka besI tapa karavuM, snAnano sarvathA tyAga karIne zarIra upara mala dhAraNa karavo, eTalI sAvadhAnI rAkhI AvavuM-javuM ke jalabiMdugata ke anya koI sUkSma jaMtuno ghAta na thAya, kaDaDatI ThaMDImAM khullA rahevuM, ajJa ane aziSTa loko thUMke, dhULapheke, kAnamAM saLI nAkhe, vagere to paNa roSa na karavo. nirpranthasampradAya bauddha granthomAM varNavAyela ukta AcAro sAthe jaina AgamomAM varNavAyela nirprantha AcArone meLavIe chIe to emAM koI saMdeha raheto nathI ke buddhanI samakAlIna nigrantha paraMparAnA ja te AcAra hatA je Aja paNa akSarazaH sthULapaNe jaina paraMparAmAM jovA maLe che. to pachI mahAvIranI pUrvakAlIna pArzvapatyika paraMparA paNa te AcAranuM pAlana karatI hoya totemAM zuM Azcarya. AcAranuM kalevara bhale ne niSprANa thaI jAya paraMtu tene dhArmika jIvanamAMthI vyuta karavuM ane tenA sthAne navI AcArapraNAlI sthApita karavI e kAma sarvathA vikaTa che. AvI sthitimAM bhagavAna mahAvIre je bAhyAcAra nigrantha paraMparA mATe apanAvyo te pUrvakAlIna nigrantha paraMparAno ja hato, evuM mAnIe to koI atyukti nahi thAya; tethI siddha thAya che ke ochAmAM ochuM pArzvanAthathI laIne AkhI nirprantha paraMparAnA AcAro ekasarakhA ja cAlyA AvyA che. 1. sUtrakRtAMga2.2.23mAM nirgandha bhikSunA svarUpanuM varNana che. temAM bhikSuone 'amajjayaMsAsiNo' arthAt madya-mAMsanuM sevana na karanArA kahyA che. nisaMdeha nigranthanuM A autsargika svarUpa che je buddhanA ukta thana sAthe tulanIya che. 2. dIghanikAya, mahAsIhanAda sutta 8. dazavaikAlika, a. 5. AcArAMga, 2.1.

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cAturyAma 49 (5) cAturyAma bauddha piTakAntargata dIghanikAya' ane 'saMyuttanikAya'mAM nircanthonA mahAvratonI carcA Ave che. "dIdhanikAya'nA 'sAmakhkhaphalasutta'mAM zreNika-biMbisAranA putra ajAtazatrukuNike jJAtaputra mahAvIra sAthe thayelI potAnI mulAkAtanuM varNana buddha AgaLa karyuM che jemAM jJAtaputra mahAvIranA mukhe kahevaDAvyuM che ke nirjhanya cAturyAmasaMvarathI saMyata hoya che, Avo nirjhanya ja yatAtmA ane sthitAtmA hoya che. A ja rIte saMyuttanikAyanA devadatta saMyutta'mAM niMka nAmanI vyakti jJAtaputra mahAvIrane lakSyamAM rAkhIne buddha AgaLa kahe che ke te jJAtaputra mahAvIra dayAlu, kuzala ane caturyAmayukta che. A bauddha ullekhone AdhAre ApaNe eTaluM to jANI zakIe chIe ke khuda buddhanA samayamAM ane tenA pachI paNa (bauddha piTakoe antima svarUpa dhAraNa kyuM tyAM sudhI paNa) bauddha paraMparA mahAvIrane ane mahAvIranA anya nigranthone cAturyAmayukta samajatI rahI. vAcaka e vAta jANI le ke yAmano artha mahAvrata che je yogazAstra (2.30) anusAra yama paNa kahevAya che. mahAvIranI nirgastha paraMparA Aja sudhI pAMca mahAvratadhArI rahI che ane pAMca mahAvratI tarIke ja zAstramAM tathA vyavahAramAM prasiddha che. AvI sthitimAM bauddha granthomAM mahAvIra ane anya nircanthonuM caturmahAvratadhArI tarIke je kathana che teno zuM artha che? A prazna ApoApa ja pedA thAya che. Ano uttara ApaNane upalabdha jaina AgamomAMthI maLI jAya che. upalabdha AgamomAM bhAgyavaza aneka evA prAcIna staro surakSita rahI gayA che je kevaLa mahAvIrakAlIna nirjhanya paraMparAnI sthiti para ja nahi paNa pUrvavartI pArzvapatyika nirjhanya paraMparAnI sthiti para paNa spaSTa prakAranAkhe che. bhagavatI' ane 'uttarAdhyayana' jevA jaina AgamomAM varNana maLe che ke pArzvapatyika nircantha je cAra mahAvratayukta hatA temanAmAMthI aneka mahAvIranuM zAsana svIkArIne mahAvIra dvArA upadiSTa pAMca mahAvratone dhAraNa kyAM ane prAcIna caturmahAvratanI paraMparAne badalI nAkhI, jyAre keTalAka evA paNa pAzvapatyika nirjhanya rahyA jemaNe potAnI caturmahAvratanI paraMparAne ja kAyama rAkhI. cAranA badale pAMca mahAvratonI sthApanA mahAvIre zA mATe karI ane kyAre karI e paNa etihAsika savAla che. zA mATe karI e praznano javAba to jaina granthode che paraMtu kyAre karI e praznano javAba jaina grantho detA nathI. ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha A cAra yAmo arthAt mahAvratonI pratiSThA bhagavAna pArzvanAthe karI hatI paraMtu nirjhanya paraMparAmAM kramazaH evuM zaithilya AvI gayuM ke keTalAka nirjhanya aparigrahano artha saMgrahana karavo eTalo ja karIne strIono saMgraha ke parigraha karyA vinA temano saMparka karavAthI aparigrahano bhaMga samajatA na hatA. A zithilatAne dUra 1. dIghanikAya, sutta 2. saMyuttanikAya, volyuma 1, pR. 66. 2. 'utthAna mahAvIrAMka (sthAnakavAsI jaina konpharansa, muMbaI), pR. 46. 3. ejana.

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* nirgandhasampradAya karavA mATe bhagavAna mahAvIre brahmacaryavratane aparigrahathI alaga sthApita karyuM ane caturtha vratamAM zuddhi lAvavAno prayatna karyo. mahAvIre brahmacaryavratanI aparigrahathI pRthak sthApanA potAnA trIsa varSanA lAMbA upadezakALamAM kyAre karI e to kahI zakAtuM nathI paraMtu temaNe A sthApanA evI baLapUrvaka karI ke jenA kAraNe AgaLanI AkhI nirprantha paraMparA paMcamahAvratanI pratiSThA karavA lAgI, ane je gaNyAgAMThyA pArzvapatyika nirprantha mahAvIranA paMcamahAvratarazAsanathI alaga rahyA temanuM AgaLa upara koI astitva ja na rahyuM. jo bauddha piTakomAM ane jaina AgamomAM cAra mahAvratano nirdeza ane varNana na hota to Aje e khabara paNa na paDatI ke pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparA kyAreka cAra mahAvratavALI paNa hatI. uparanI carcA dvArA e to ApoApa samajAI jAya che ke pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparAmAM dIkSA lenAra jJAtaputra mahAvIre pote paNa zarUAtamAM cAra ja mahAvrata dhAraNa karyA hatA, paraMtu sAMpradAyika sthiti joIne temaNe te viSayamAM kyAreka sudhAro karyo. A sudhArA viruddha prAcIna nigrantha paraMparAmAM kevI carcA yA kevA tarkavitarka thatA hatA teno AbhAsa ApaNane uttarAdhyayananA kezi-gautama saMvAdamAM maLI jAya che, te saMvAdamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke keTalAka pArzvapatyika nirpranthomAM evo vitarka thavA lAgyo ke jo pArzvanAtha ane mahAvIranuM dhyeya eka mAtra mokSa ja che to pachI bannenA mahAvrataviSayaka upadezomAM antara kema ?4 A samasyAne kezIe gautama AgaLa rajU karI ane gautame teno khulAso karyo. kezI prasanna thayA ane mahAvIranA zAsanane temaNe svIkArI lIdhuM. ATalI carcA uparathI ApaNe nIce jaNAvelA niSkarSo upara saraLatAthI pahoMcI zakIe chIe - (1) mahAvIra pahelAM, ochAmAM ochuM pArzvanAthathI laIne nirprantha paraMparAmAM cAra mahAvratonI prathA hatI jene bhagavAna mahAvIre kyAreka badalI ane pAMca mahAvratonA rUpamAM vikasita karI. te vikasita rUpa Aja sudhInA badhA jaina phirakAomAM nirvivAdapaNe mAnya che ane cAra mahAvratonI prAcIna prathA kevaLa granthomAM ja surakSita che. (2) khuda buddha ane temanA samakAlIna yA uttarakAlIna badhA bauddha bhikSu nirpranya paraMparAne eka mAtra caturmahAvratayukta ja samajatA hatA ane mahAvIranA paMcamahAvratasaMbaMdhI AMtarika sudhArAthI teo paricita na hatA. je eka vAra buddhe kahyuM ane je sAmAnya janatAmAM prasiddhi hatI tenuM ja teo potAnI racanAomAM punarAvartana karatA gayA. buddhe potAnA saMgha mATe pAMca zIla yA vrata darzAvyAM che je saMkhyAnI dRSTie to nirprantha paraMparAnA yamo sAthe maLe che paraMtu bannemAM thoDuM aMtara che. aMtara e che ke nirgandha paraMparAmAM aparigraha pAMcamuM vrata che jyAre bauddha paraMparAmAM magha Adino tyAga pAMcamuM zIla che. ahIM eka prazna e paNa thAya che ke zuM khuda mahAvIre brahmacaryanA rUpamAM navA vratanI sRSTi karIke pachI anya koI paraMparAmAM pracalita te vratane potAnI nirprantha paraMparAmAM svatantra sthAna ApyuM. sAMkhya-yoga paraMparAnA prAcInamAM prAcIna staromAM tathA smRti Adi granthomAM ApaNane ahiMsA Adi pAMca yamonuM ja varNana maLe che. tethI nirNaya pUrvaka to kahI nahi zakAya ke pahelAM koNe pAMca mahAvratomAM brahmacaryane sthAna ApyuM ? 4. uttarAdhyayana, 23.11-13, 23-27, ityAdi.

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uposatha-pauSadha jo ke bauddha granthomAM vAraMvAra cAturyAmano nirdeza Ave che paraMtu mULa piTakomAM tathA temanI aTTaklAomAM cAturyAmano je artha karavAmAM Avyo che te khoTo ane aspaSTa che. AvuM kema thayuM haze? A prazna UThyA vinA raheto nathI. nirjhanya paraMparA jevI potAnI paDozI samakAlIna ane atiprasiddha paraMparAnA cAra yamo aMge bauddha granthakAra ATalA ajJAta hoya athavA aspaSTa hoya e joIne zarUAtamAM to Azcarya thAya che paraMtu jyAre ApaNe sAMpradAyika sthiti upara vicAra karIe chIe tyAre te acaraja gAyaba thaI jAya che. pratyeka saMpradAye bIjA saMpradAya pratye pUro nyAya ryo nathI. e paNa saMbhava che ke mULamAM buddha tathA temanA samakAlIna ziSya cAturyAmano pUro ane sAco artha jANatA hoya. te artha sarvatra prasiddha paNa hato eTale temane te artha darzAvavAnI AvazyaktAna jaNAI hoya paraMtu piTakonI jema jema saMkalanA thatI gaI tema tema cAturyAmano artha spaSTa karavAnI AvazyakatA jaNAI. koI bhikSue kalpanAthI tenA arthanI pUrti karI, te ja AgaLa jemanI tema piTakomAM cAlI AvI ane koIe ena vicAryuM ke cAturyAmano A artha nirainya paraMparAne sammata che ke nahi? bauddhonI bAbatamAM paNa Avo ja viparyAsa jenoe karelo kyAMka kyAMka dekhAya che. koI saMpradAyanA mantavyanuM pUrNa sAcuM svarUpa to te saMpradAyanA granyo ane tenI paraMparA dvArA jANI zakAya che. uposatha-pauSadha Aje jaina paraMparAmAM pauSadhavratanuM AcaraNa pracalita che. teno prAcIna itihAsa jANatAM pahelAM ApaNe tenuM vartamAna svarUpa saMkSepamAM jANI levuM joIe. pauSadhavatagRhasthonuM vrata che. tene strI ane puruSa banne grahaNa kare che. je pauSadhavratanuM grahaNa kare che te koI ekAntasthAnamAM yA dharmasthAnamAM potAnI zakti ane ruci anusAra eka, be ke traNa divasa AdinI samayamaryAdA bAMdhIne dunyavI badhI pravRttione choDIne mAtra dhArmika jIvana vyatIta karavAnI pratijJA kare che. te icche to divasamAM eka vAra bhikSA tarIke apana-pAna lAvIne khAIpI zake che athavA sarvathA upavAsa paNa karI zake che. te gRhasthayogya veSabhUSAno tyAga karIne sAdhuyogya paridhAna dhAraNa kare che. TUMkamAM kahevuM joIe ke pauSadhavrata lenAra teTalA samaya mATe sAdhujIvanano umedavAra banI jAya che. gRhasthoe aMgIkAra karavA yogya bAra vratomAMthI pauSadha e eka vrata che je agiyAramuM vrata kahevAya che. AgamathI laIne Aja sudhInA jainazAstramAM pauSadhavratanuM nirUpaNa avazya Ave che. tenA AcaraNa ane AsevananI prathA paNa bahu pracalita che. game te ho, ApaNe to ahIM aitihAsika daSTie pauSadhavrata aMge nimnalikhita prazno upara kramazaH eka pachI eka prazna laIne vicAra karavo che - (1) bhagavAna mahAvIranI samakAlIna ane pUrvakAlIna nirjhanya paraMparAmAM pauSadhavrata 5. dIghanikAya, sutta 2. dIghanikAya-sumaMgalA, pR. 167. 6. sUtrakRtAMga, 1.2.2,24-28.

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nigraMnyasampradAya pracalita hatuM ke nahi? ane pracalita hatuM to tenuM svarUpa kevuM hatuM? (2) bauddha ane bIjI zramaNa paraMparAomAM pauSadhanuM sthAna zuM hatuM? ane teo pauSadha aMge paraspara zuM vicAratA hatA? . (3) pauSadhavratanI utpattinuM mULazuM che? ane mULamAM teno bodhaka rAbda kayo hato? (1) upAsakadazA nAmanA aMgasUtramAM mahAvIranA dasa mukhya zrAvakonuM jIvanavRtta che. temAM Ananda vagere badhA zrAvakoe pauSadhazALAmAM pauSadha lIdhAnuM varNana che. tevI ja rIte bhagavatInA bAramA rAtakanA prathama uddezakamAM zaMkha zrAvakanuM jIvanavRtta che. zaMkhane bhagavAna mahAvIrano custa pAko zrAvaka kahevAmAM Avela che ane kahyuM che ke zaMkhe pauSadhAlAmAM arazana Adine choDIne ja pauSadhavrata lIdhuM hatuM jyAre zaMkhanA bIjA sAthIoe azana sahita pauSadhavrata lIdhuM hatuM. AnAthI eTaluM to spaSTa che ke prAcIna samayamAM paNa khAnapAna sahita ane khAnapAna rahita pauSadha levAnI prathA hatI. uparyukta varNana barAbara bhagavAna mahAvIranA samayanuM che ke pachInuM eno nirNaya karavo sahaja nathI to paNa A prazna bAbate bauddha granthomAMthI evA saMketo maLe che jemanA AdhAre e nirvivAdapaNe kahI zakAya ke buddhanA samayamAM nirainya paraMparAmAM pauSadhavrata levAnI prathA hatI ane te paNa AjanA jevI ane bhagavatI AdimAM varNavAyela zaMkha AdinA pauSadha jevI hatI kemake aMguttaranikAyamAM? buddha pote ja vizAkhAnAmanI potAnI parama upAsikA AgaLa traNa prakAranA upasathanuM varNana karyuM che - "uposatha' zabda nirjhanya paraMparAnA 'pauSadha' zabdano paryAya mAtra che - (1) gopAlaka uposatha, (2) nigaMTha uposatha ane (3) Arya uposatha. AtraNamAM je bIjo nigaTha uposatha' che te ja nirjhanya paraMparAno pauSadha che. joke buddha traNa prakAranA uposathamAMthI Arya upAsakane ja sarvottama kahyo che, je temane potAnA saMghamAM abhimata hato, tema chatAM paNa jyAre nigaMTha uposatha' no parihAsaryo che, tenI truTi dekhADI che tyAre eTalA mAtrathI e to spaSTa thaI ja jAya che ke buddhanA samayamAM nirjhanya paraMparAmAM paNa pauSadhanI arthAt uposathanI prathA pracalita hatI. 'aMguttaranikAya'nA uposathavALA zabdo je buddhanA mukhe kahevaDAvavAmAM AvyA che te bhale buddhanA zabdo na paNa hoya paraMtu to paNa eTaluM to kahI zakAya ke aMguttaranikAya'nI vartamAna racanAnA samaye nirjhanya uposatha avazya pracalita hato ane samAjamAM tenuM khAsuM sthAna hatuM. piTakanI vartamAna racanA azokathI arvAcIna nathI, tethI e to svayaM siddha che ke nirjhanya paraMparAno uposatha eTalo prAcIna to avazya che. nirjhanya paraMparAnA uposathanI pratiSThA dhArmika jagatamAM eTalI to avayajAmI hatI ke jenA kAraNe bauddha lekhakone teno prativAda karIne potAnI paraMparAmAM paNa uposathanuM astitva che evuM dekhADavuM paDyuM. bauddhoe potAnI paraMparAmAM uposathanuM mAtra astitva ja nathI dekhADyuM paraMtu temaNe tene "Arya uposatha' kahIne tenI utkRSTatAnuM paNa pratipAdana karyuM che ane sAthe sAthe ja nirjhanya paraMparAnA upAsakone truTipUrNa paNa dekhADyA che. bauddha paraMparAmAM uposathavratano praveza Akasmika nathI paraMtu teno AdhAra prAcIna che. 7. aMguttaranikAya, vaoNlyuma 1, pR. 206.

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uposatha-pauSadha mahAvIrasamakAlIna ane pUrvakAlIna nirjhanya paraMparAmAM uposatha yA pauSadha vratano moTo mahimA hato jene buddhe potAnI rIte potAnI paraMparAmAM paNa sthAna ApyuM ane dekhADyuM ke bIjA saMpradAyavALAo je uposathakare che te AryanathI paraMtu huM je uposathakahuM chuM te ja Arya che. tethI 'bhagavatI' ane 'upAsakadazAnI pauSadhaviSayaka hakIktane koI paNa rIte arvAcIna yA pAchalA samayanI ApaNe na mAnI rAkIe. (2) AjIvaka paraMparAmAM paNa pauSadhanuM sthAna hovAnI saMbhAvanA che paraMtu te paraMparAnuM sAhitya ApaNI samakSa evuM nathI jevuM bauddha ane nirjhanya paraMparAnuM sAhitya che. tethI pauSadhanA astitva aMge bauddha ane nirjhanya paraMparAnI bAbatamAM ja nizcayapUrvaka kaMIka kahI zakAya che. ApaNe je "aMguttaranikAya'no upara nirdeza karyo che temAM uposathanA saMbaMdhamAM vistRta varNana che, teno saMkSipta sAra A pramANe che - "zrAvastInagarImAM koI eka vAra vizAkhA nAmanI upAsikAuposathI laIne buddhanI pAse AvI ane eka bAju besI gaI. tyAre te vizAkhAne saMbodhIne buddha kahe che ke he vizAkhe! pahelo uposatha gopAlaka kahevAya che. jema sAMje govALo gAyone carAvIne temanA mAlikone pAchI soMpe che tyAre kahe che ke Aja amuka jagAmAM gAyo carI, amuka jagAmAM pANI pIdhuM ane kAle amuka amuka sthAnamAM caraze ane pANI pIze tema je loko uposatha lIdhA pachI khAna-pAnanI carcA kare che ke Aja ame amuka khAdhuM, amuka pIdhuM ane kAla amuka cIja khAIzuM, amuka pAna karIzuM ityAdi temano uposatha gopAlaka uposatha che. uposatha laIne te divasanA tathA AgalA divasanA khAnapAna vize carcA karanArAono uposatha gopAlaka uposathakahevAya che. nirjhanya zramaNa potapotAnA zrAvakone bolAvIne kahe che ke dareka dizAmAM ATalA yojanathI AgaLa je prANIo che temanA daMDane arthAt hiMsaka vyApArane choDo tathA badhAM kapaDAMno tyAga karIne kaho ke huM koIno nathI ane mAruM koI nathI ityAdi. juo vizAkhe te nirjhanya zrAvako amuka yojana pachI AgaLa na javAno nizcaya kare che ane eTalA yojanA pachInA prANIonI hiMsAne tyAge che, paNa sAthe ja teo maryAdita yojanAnI aMdara rahelAM prANIonI hiMsAno tyAga nathI karatA, tethI teo prANAtipAtathI nathI bacatA. tethI te vizAkhe! huM te nirjhanya zrAvakonA uposathane prANAtipAtayukta kahuM chuM. tevI ja rIte, jyAre te zrAvako kahe che ke huM ekalo chuM, mAruM koI nathI, huM koIno nathI tyAre teo nizcitapaNe jANe che ke amuka mArA mAtApitA che, amuka mArI strI che, amuka putra Adi parivAra che. teo jyAre manamAM potAnAM mAtApitA Adine jANe che ane sAthe sAthe ja kahe che ke huM ekalo chuM, mAruM koI nathI, tyAre spaSTapaNe ja, he vizAkhe ! teo uposathamAM mRSA bole che. Ama, gopAlaka ane nirjhanya baMne uposatho koI vizeSa lAbhadAyaka nathI, paraMtu huM je uposatha karavAno upadezadauM chuM te Arya uposatha che ane adhika lAbhadAyaka che, kemake uposathamAM huM buddha, dharma ane saMgha, zIla AdinI bhAvanA karavA kahuM chuM jenAthI cittanA lezo kSINa thAya che. uposathakaranArA potAnI sAme ahitano Adarza rAkhIne kevaLa eka rAta, eka divasa sudhI

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nigraMnyasampradAya parimita tyAga kare che ane mahAna AdarzonI smRti rAkhe che. A prayatnathI temanA mananA doSo ApoApa dUra thaI jAya che. tethI te Arya uposatha che ane mahAphaLadAyI paNa che. 'aMguttaranikAya'nA uparyukta sAramAMthI ApaNe eTalo matalaba to kADhI ja rAkIe chIe ke temAM buddhanA mukhe bauddha paraMparAmAM pracalita uposathanA svarUpanI to prazaMsA karAvavAmAM AvI che ane bAkInA uposathonI nindA karAvavAmAM AvI che. ahIM ApaNe aitihAsika daSTie eTaluM ja kevaLa jovuM che ke buddha je gopAlaka uposatha ane nirjhanya uposathano parihAsaryo che te uposathakaI kaI paraMparAnA hatA? nirjhanya uposatha tarIke to niHsaMdeha kevaLa nirjhanya paraMparAno ja uposAtha levAmAM Avyo che paraMtu gopAlaka uposatha tarIke kaI paraMparAnA uposathane levAmAM Avela che? A ja kharo prazna che. Ano uttara jaina paraMparAmAM pracalita pauSadhavidhi ane pauSadhanA prakArone jANavAthI barAbara sArI rIte maLI jAya che. jaina zrAvaka pauSadhanA divase bhojana kare paNa che ene lakSyamAM rAkhIne buddha sAzana pauSadhane gopAlaka uposatha kahIne teno parihAsa karyo che. jaina zrAvaka anityAgapUrvaka paNa pauSadha kare che ane maryAdita samaya mATe vastra, alaMkAra, kuTuMba, sambandha vagereno tyAga kare che tathA amuka hadathI AgaLanA javAno saMkalpa paNa kare che, A bAbatane lakSyamAM rAkhIne buddha tene nirjhanya uposatha kahIne teno parihAsakyo che. game te ho paraMtu bauddha ane jaina granyonA tulanAtmaka adhyayanathI eka vAta to nizcayapUrvaka kahI zakAya che ke pauSadhayA uposathanI prathA jevI nirjhanya paraMparAmAM hatI tevI ja buddhanA samayamAM paNa bauddha paraMparAmAM paNa hatI ane A prathA Aja sudhI banne paraMparAomAM cAlI Ave che. bhagavatI zataka ATha uddezaka pAMcamAM gautame mahAvIrane prazna karyo che ke gopAlakanA ziSya AjIvakoe keTalAka sthavirone (jena bhikSuone) pUchyuM ke upAzrayamAM sAmAyika laI beThelA zrAvaka jyAre potAnAM vastrAdino tyAga kare che ane strIno paNa tyAga kare che tyAre temanAM vastrAbharaNa Adine koI upADIne laI jAya ane temanI strI sAthe koI saMsarga kare to pachI sAmAyika pUrI thayA pachI te zrAvako jo potAnAM kapaDAM alaMkAra vagerene zodhe che to zuM potAnI ja vastuone zodhe che ke bIjAnI? A ja rIte jeNe te sAmAyikavALA zrAvakonI tyakta strI sAthe saMgaryo teNe te sAmAyikavALA zrAvakonI ja strI sAthe saMgaryo ke anyanI strI sAthe ? A praznano mahAvIre uttara A Apyo che ke sAmAyikano samaya pUro thayA pachI corAyelAM vastrAdine zodhanArA zrAvako potAnAM ja vastra Adine zodhe che, bIjAnAM vastra Adine zodhatA nathI, tevI ja rIte strIsaMga karanAre paNa te sAmAyikadhArI zrAvakanI strIno saMga ryo che ema mAnavuM joIe, ane nahi ke anyanI strIno, kemake zrAvake maryAdita samaya mATe vastra, AbhUSaNa Adino maryAdita tyAga ryo hato, manathI sarvathA sAva mamatva choDyuM na hatuM. A gautama-mahAvIranA praznottara uparathI eTaluM to spaSTa che ke nirjhanya zrAvakanA sAmAyika vratanA viSayamAM (sAmAyika vrata pauSadha vratanuM ja prAthamika rUpa che) AjIvako dvArA je parihAsamaya pUrvapakSa bhagavatI zataka 8 uddezaka 5mAM dekhAya che te ja bIjA rUpamAM upara varNavavAmAM AvelA aMguttaranikAyagata gopAlaka ane nirjhanya uposathamAM pratibiMbita

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uposatha-pauSadha 45 thayelo jaNAya che. e paNa hoI zake ke gopAlakanA ziSyo taraphathI paNa zrAvakonA sAmAyikAdi vrata upara AkSepo thatA rahyA hoya ane eno uttara bhagavatImAM mahAvIra dvArA apAvavAmAM Avyo hoya. Aja ApaNI sAme gozAlakanI AjIvaka paraMparAnuM sAhitya nathI paraMtu te eka zramaNa paraMparA hatI ane potAnA samayamAM prabaLa paNa hatI ane A paraMparAonA AcAravicAromAM aneka vAto bilakula ekasarakhI hatI. A badhuM jotAM evuM paNa mAnavAnuM mana thaI jAya che ke gopAlakanI paraMparAmAM paNa sAmAyika-uposAtha Adi vrata pracalita rahyAM haze. tethI gozAlake yAtenA anuyAyIoe buddhanA anuyAyIonI jema nirjhanya paraMparAnA sAmAyika-pauSadha Adi vratone niHsAra batAvavAnI daSTie temanI hAMsI uDAvI che. game te ho, paraMtu ApaNe joIe chIe ke mahAvIranA mukhathI je uttara devaDAvavAmAM Avyo che te tadanajena mantavyanI yathArthatAne pragaTa kare che. ATalI carcAthI e vAta saraLatAthI samajAI jAya che ke zramaNa paraMparAnI traNe zAkhAomAM pauSadha yA uposathanuM ' sthAna avazya hatuM ane te paraMparAo aMdaroaMdara ekabIjAnI prathAne kaTAkSadaSTie jotI hatI ane potAnI prathAnuM zreSThatva sthApita karatI hatI. (3) saMskRta zabda upavasatha' che, tenuM pAlirUpa upoya che ane prAkRta rUpa posaha tathA posadha che. uposatha ane posaha bane zabdonuM mULato upavasatharAddha ja che. ekamAM vano uthavAthI uposatharUpanI niSpatti thaI che jyAre bIjAmAM uno lopa, vano u ane thano hake dha thavAthI posaha ke posadha zabda banyo che. pachIthI pAli uparathI ardhasaMskRta jevo upoSaNa zabda vyavahAramAM Avyo jyAre posahake posadhAbda saMskRtanA DhAMcAmAM DhaLAIne anukrame poSadha ke prauSadhanA rUpamAM vyavahAramAM Avyo. saMskRtapradhAna vaidika paraMparAmAM upavasatha' zabda zAstromAM prasiddha hovA chatAM paNa pAli uposatha' zabda uparathI banelo upoSatha" zabda paNa vaidika lokavyavahAramAM vyavahata thAya che. jene paraMparA jyAM sudhI prAkRtano vyavahAra karatI hatI tyAM sudhI posaha tathA posadha zabda ja vyavahAramAM rahyA paraMtu saMskRtamAM vyAkhyAo lakhAvA mAMDIte samayathI zvetAmbarIya vyAkhyAkAroe posahazabdanuM mULajANyA vinA ja tene pauSadha rUpe saMskRta banAvyo. je digambara vyAkhyAkAro thayA temaNe pauSadha evuM saMskRta rUpana apanAvyuM paNa posadhanuM prISadha evuM saMskRta rUpa ja vyavahata myuM. Ama ApaNe joIe chIe ke eka ja upavasatha zabda judA judA laukika pravAhomAM paDIne upoSaNa, posaha, posadha, pauSadha, prASadha evAM aneka rUpo dhAraNa karavA lAgyo. A badhAM rUpo eka ja kuTuMbanAM che. - posaha Adi zabdonuM kevaLamuLaja ekanathI paraMtu tenA vibhinna arthonI pAchaLa rahelo bhAva paNa eka ja che. A bhAvamAMthI posaha yA upotha vratanI utpatti thaI che. vaidika paraMparA yajJayAgAdine mAnanArI ane tethI ja devonuM yajana karanArI che. AvAM khAsa khAsa yajanomAM teupavAsa vratane sthAna Ape che. amAvAsyA ane porNamAsIne te 'upavasatha' zabdathI vyavahata kare che kemake te tithiomAM te darzapArNamAsa nAmanA yajJonuM vidhAna kare che? - 8. kAtyAyana zrotasUtra, 4.15.35.

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nityasampradAya tathA temAM upavAsa jevA vratanuM paNa vidhAna kare che. saMbhavataH A kAraNe ja vaidika paraMparAmAM amAvAsyA ane parNamAsI upavasatha kahevAya che. zramaNa paraMparA vaidika paraMparAnI jema yajJayAga yAdevayajanane mAnatI nathI. jyAM vaidika paraMparA yajJayAgAdi ane devayajana dvArA AdhyAtmika pragati darzAve che tyAM zramaNa paraMparA AdhyAtmika pragati mATe eka mAtra AtmazodhanatathAsvarUpacintananuM vidhAna kare che. tenA mATe zramaNa paraMparAe paNa mahinAnI te ja tithio niyata karI je vaidika paraMparAmAM yajJa mATe niyata hatI. Ama zramaNa paraMparAe amAvAsyA ane porNamAsInA divase upavAsa karavAnuM vidhAna . evuM jaNAya che ke paMdara divasanA aMtarane dhArmika daSTie lAMbu samajIne vacamAM AThame paNa upavAsapUrvaka dharmacintana karavAnuM vidhAna . tethI zramaNa paraMparAmAM AThama tathA pUrNimA ane AThama tathA amAvAsyAmAM upavAsapUrvaka Atmacintana karavAnI prathA cAlu thaI gaI. Aja prathAbauddha paraMparAmAM uposatha' ane jainadharmanI paraMparAmAM posahanA rUpamAM cAlI Ave che. paraMparA koI paNa bhale ho, badhI ja potapotAnI daSTie AtmazAnti ane pragati mATe ja upavAsavratanuM vidhAna kare che. Ama ApaNe lAMbu vicArIe chIe to jaNAya che ke pauSadha vratanI utpattinuM mULa asalamAM AdhyAtmika pragati mATe che. A mULamAMthI kyAMka eka rUpamAM to kyAMka bIjA rUpamAM upavasathe sthAna prAptabdha che. haju paNa eka prazna to bAkI rahI jAya che ane te e ke zuM vaidika paraMparAmAMthI zramaNa paraMparAmAM uposatha yA posaha vrata AvyuM che ke zramaNa paraMparA uparathI vaidika paraMparAe upavasavanuM Ayojana kyuM che? Ano uttara Apavo koI paNa rIte sahaja nathI. hajAro varSo pahelAM kyA pravAhe kayA pravAha upara asara karI tene nizcitapaNe jANavA mATenuM koI sAdhana ApaNI pAse nathI. tema chatAM ApaNe eTaluM to kahI zakIe chIe ke vaidika paraMparAno upavasatha preyanuM sAdhana manAyo che jyAre zramaNa paraMparAno uposatha yA posaha zreyanuM sAdhana manAyo che. vikAsakramanI daSTie jovAmAM Ave to manuSyajAtimAM premanI pachI zreyanI kalpanA AvI che. jo A sAcuM hoya to zramaNa paraMparAnI upavAsa yA posahanI prathA game teTalI prAcInakema na hoya paraMtu tenA upara vaidika paraMparAnA upavasatha yajJanI chApa che. bhASAvicAra mahAvIranI samakAlIna ane pUrvakAlIna nirjhanya paraMparA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatI aneka bAbatomAM bhASAprayoga, tridaMDa, ane hiMsA AdimAMthI viratino paNa samAveza thAya che. bauddha piTako ane jaina AgamonA tulanAtmaka adhyayanathI te muddAo upara sAro prakAra paDe che. ApaNe ahIM te muddAomAMthI eka eka muddAne laIne tenA upara vicAra karIe chIe. majuminikAyanA abhayarAja satta'mAM bhASAprayoga saMbaMdhI carcA che. teno saMkSipta sAra A pramANe che - eka vakhata abhayarAja kumArane jJAtaputra mahAvIre kahyuM ke tame tathAgata 9. upAsakadazAMga, a.1. "sarovavA sarasa zabdanI TIkA.

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bhASAvicAra buddhanI pAse jAo ane prazna karoke tathAgata apriya vacana bolI zake ke nahi? jo buddha hA kahe to te hArI jaze kemake apriyabhASI buddha kevI rIte hoI zake? jo te nA kahe to pUchavuM ke to pachI bhadanta! Ape devadatta vize apriya kathana kema karyuM che ke devadatta durgatigAmI che ane sudharavAne yogya nathI? jJAtaputre zIkhavyuM hatuM te pramANe abhayarAja kumAre buddhane pUchyuM to buddha te kumArane javAba Apyo ke buddha apriya kathanakararoke nahi e vAta ekAntapaNe kahI rAkAtI nathI. buddha potAnA javAbamAM ekAntapaNe apriya kathana karavAno svIkAra yA asvIkAra na karatAM e ja darzAvyuM che ke jo apriya paNa hitakara hoya to buddha bolI zake che paraMtu je ahitakara have tene to te satya haze to paNa buddha nahi bole. buddha vacanano viveka karatAM darzAvyuM che ke je vacana asatya hoya te priya hoya ke apriya hoya paraMtu tene to buddha bolaze nahi. je vacana satya hovA chatAM ahitakara hoya to tene paNa buddha bolaze nahi. paraMtu je vacana satya hoya te priya hoya ke apriya hoya paNa jo hitakara haze to tene buddha hitadaSTie bolavAnuM haze to bolaze. Avo vacanaviveka sAMbhaLIne abhayarAja kumAra buddhano upAsaka banI jAya che. jJAtaputra mahAvIra abhayarAja kumArane buddhanI pAse carcA mATe mokalyo haze ke nahi e to kahI zakAtuM nathI, paraMtu majhimanikAyanA ukta sUtranA AdhAre ApaNe eTaluM to nirvivAdapaNe kahI zakIe chIe ke jyAre devadatta buddhano virodhI banI gayo ane cAre tarapha e vAta phelAI gaI ke buddhadevadattane ghaNuM badhuM apriya saMbhaLAvyuMje buddhane mATe zobhArUpana hatuM, tyAre buddhanA samakAlIna yA uttarakAlIna ziSyoe buddhane devadattanI nindAnA apavAdathI mukta karavA mATe 'abhayarAja kumArasutta'nI racanA karI je hote, paraMtu amAro prastuta prazno nirjhanya paraMparA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvato bhASAprayoga aMgeno che. nirjhanya paraMparAmAM sAdhuonI bhASAsamiti suprasiddha che. bhASAkevI ane kaI daSTie bolavI joIe enuM vistRta ane sUkSma vivecana jena AgamomAM paNa Ave che. jo ApaNe uttarAdhyayana ane dazavaikAlika Adi AgamomAM AvatI bhASAsamitinI carcAne uparyukta abhayarAjakumArasuttagata carcAnI sAthe meLavI sarakhAvI joIzuM to ApaNane te be carcAomAM tattvataH koI aMtara nahi maLe. have prazna e che ke jene AgamomAM AvatI bhASAsamitinI carcA bhAva ane vicAranA rUpe mahAvIranI samakAlIna ane pUrvakAlIna nirjhanya paraMparAmAM hatI ke nahi? ApaNe e to jANIe ja chIe ke mahAvIranI samakSa eka prAcIna vyavasthita nirjhanya paraMparA hatI je paraMparAnAte netA banyA. te nirjhanya paraMparAnuM zrutasAhitya paNa hatuM je "pUrva nAmathI prasiddha che. zramaNatvanuM mukhya aMga bhASAvyavahAramUlaka jIvanavyavahAra che. tethI temAM bhASAnA niyamo sthira thaI jAya e svAbhAvika che. A viSayamAM mahAvIre koI sudhAro nathI ane dazavaikAlika Adi AgamonI racanA mahAvIra pachI thoDA samaya bAda thaI che. A badhuM jotAM emAM koI saMdeha raheto nathI ke bhASAsamitinI rAbdika racanA bhale pachInI hoya paraMtu tenA niyama-pratiniyama nirjhanya paraMparAnA khAsa mahattvanAM aMga hatAM ane te badhA mahAvIranA samayamAM ane te pahelAM paNa nirjhanya paraMparAmAM

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ninyasampradAya sthira thaI gayA hatA. ochAmAM ochuM ApaNe eTaluM to kahI ja zakIe chIe ke jene AgamomAM varNavAyeluM bhASAsamitinuM svarUpa bauddha granyomAMthI udhAra lIdheluM nathI. te prAcIna nircanya paraMparAnA bhASAsamitiviSayaka mantavyonuM kevaLa nidarzana ja kare che. (8) kiDa buddha tathA temanA ziSyoe kAyakarma, vacanakarma ane manaHkarmaevAM trividha karmonuM bandhana rUpe pratipAdana kyuM che. tevI ja rIte temaNe prANAtipAta, mRSAvAda Adi doSone anartharUpa kahIne temanI viratine lAbhakAraka pratipAdita karI che tathA saMvara arthAt pApanirodha ane nirjarA arthAt karmakSayano paNa cAritranA aMgarUpe svIkAra kyo che. koI paNa cAritralakSI dharmopadezaka uparyukta mantavyone mAnyA vinA potAnuM AdhyAtmika mantavya lokone samajAvI zakto nathI. tethI anya zramaNonI jema buddha paNa uparyukta mantavyono svIkAra ane temanuM pratipAdana karyuM hoya to te svAbhAvika ja che, paraMtu ApaNe joIe chIe ke bauddha piTakomAM buddha yA bauddha bhikSuoe potAnA uparyukta mantavyone sIdhI rIte darzAvyAM nathI paNa draviDa prANAyAma karyo che kemake temaNe potAnAM mantavyo darzAvatAM pahelAM nircanya paraMparAnI paribhASAono ane paribhASAo pAchaLa rahelA bhAvono prativAda karyo che ane temanA sthAne kyAMka to mAtra navI paribhASA darzAvI che ane kyAMka to nirjhanya paraMparAnI apekSAe potAno judo bhAva vyakta ryo che. udAharaNArtha, nircanya paraMparA trividharmanA mATe kAyadaMDa, vacanadaMDa ane manodaMDa! jevI paribhASAno prayoga karatI hatI ane Aja paNa kare che. te paribhASAnA sthAne buddha eTaluM ja kahe che ke huM kAyadaMDa, vacanadaMDa ane manodaMDanA badale kAyakarma, vacanakarma ane manaHkarma kahuM chuM ane nirganyonI jema kAyakarmanI nahi paNa manaHkarmanI pradhAnatA mAnuM chuM. AvI ja rIte buddhakahe che ke mahAprANAtipAta ane mRSAvAda Adi doSone huM paNa doSa mAnuM chuM paraMtu temanAM kuphaLathI bacavAno rastoje huM dekhADuM chuM te nirjhanyoe dekhADelA rastA karatAM ghaNo ja sAro che. buddha saMvara ane nirjarAne mAnya rAkhIne mAtra eTaluM ja kahe che ke huM paNa bane tattvone mAnuM chuM paraMtu huM nircanthonI jema nirjarAnA sAdhana tarIke ta5no svIkAra na karatAM tenA sAdhana tarIke zIla, samAdhi ane prazAnuM vidhAna karuM chuM." judA judA bauddhagranthomAM AvatAM uparyukta bhAvanAthano uparathI e vAta saraLatAthI samajI zakAya che ke jyAre koI navo sudhAraka ke vicAraka potAno svatannamArga sthApita kare che tyAre tene kAM to purANI paribhASAonA sthAne keTalIka navI lAgatI paribhASAo ghaDavI paDe che kAM to purANI paribhASAonI pAchaLa rahelA purANI paraMparAonA bhAvonA sthAne navA bhAvo dekhADavA paDe che. AvuM karatI vakhate jANatAM ke ajANatAM te kyAreka kyAreka 1. sthAnAMga, tRtIya sthAna, sUtra220. 2. majhimanikAya, sutta56. 3. aMguttaranikAya, volyuma 1, pR. 220.

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trikaNa7 49 purANA matonI samIkSA kare che. udAharaNArtha, brAhmaNa ane yajJa jevA zabdo vaidika paraMparAmAM amuka bhAvo sAthe joDAyelA prasiddha che. jyAre bauddha, jaina Adi zramaNa paraMparAoe potAno sudhAro sthApita karyo tyAre temane brAhmaNa ane yajJa jevA zabdone svIkArIne paNa temano bhAva to potAnA siddhAnta anusAra badalavo paDyo. AthI aitihAsika tathya eTaluM to nirvivAdapaNe phalita thAya che ke je paribhASAo ane mantavyonI samAlocanA navo sudhAraka ke vicAra kare che te paribhASAo ane te mantavyo janatAmAM pratiSThita ane UMDA mULa jamAvI rahelAM hoya che; AvuM na hota to navA sudhAraka yA vicArakane te purANI paribhASAono Azraya levAnI ke temanI aMdara rahelA purANA rUDha bhAvonI samAlocanA karavAnI koI jarUrata ja na paData. jo A vicArasaraNI barAbara hoya to ApaNe eTaluM avazya kahI rAkhIe ke kAyadaMDa Adi trividha daMDonI, mahAna prANAtipAta Adi doSonA kAraNe durgatirUpaphaLa pAmavAnI tathA te doSonI viratithI suphaLa pAmavAnI ane tapa dvArA nirjarA thatI hovAnI tathA saMvara dvArA navA karmo na AvavAnI mAnyatAo nirjhanya paraMparAmAM bahu ja rUDha thaI gaI hatI jemano bauddha bhikSuo sAco jUTho prativAda kare che. nirjhanya paraMparAnI uparyukta paribhASAo ane mAnyatAo mAtra mahAvIra dvArA pahelavahelI zarU karAI ke sthApita karAI hota to bauddhoe ATalo prabaLa sAco jUTho prativAda karavo na paData. spaSTa che ke tridaMDanI paribhASA ane saMvara-nirjarA Adi maMtavya pUrvakAlIna nirjhanya paraMparAmAMthI ja mahAvIrane vArasAmAM maLyAM hatAM. ame bauddha grantho sAthe jena AgamonI tulanAtmaka carcA dvArA ahIM eTaluM ja kahevA mAgIe chIe ke jaina AgamomAM je kAyadaMDa Adi traNa daMDonAM nAmo Ave che ane traNa daMDonI nivRtti anukrame kAyagupti, vacanagupti ane manogupti dvArA karavAnuM vidhAna Ave che tathA navatattvomAM saMvara-nirjarAnuM je varNana che tathA tapane nirjarAnuM sAdhana mAnavAmAM AvyuM che ane mahAprANAtipAta, mRSAvAda Adi doSothI thatA moTA apAyanuM kathana Ave che - A badhuM nirjhanyaparaMparAnI paribhASA ane vicAra viSayaka prAcIna saMpatti che. bauddha piTako tathA jaina granyonAvAcaka sAmAnya abhyAsIkevaLa e ja jANI zake che ke nirjhanya paraMparA ja tapane nirjarAnuM sAdhana mAnanArI che paraMtu vAstavamAM evuM nathI. jyAre ApaNe sAMkhyayoga paraMparAne joIe chIe tyAre khabara paDe che ke yogaparaMparA paNa nirjarAnA sAdhana tarIke tapa upara eTalo ja bhAra ApatI AvI che jeTalo bhAra nirjhanya paraMparA tenA upara Ape che. A ja kAraNe upalabdha yogasUtranA racayitA pataMjalie anya sAdhanonI sAthe tapane paNa kriyAyogarUpe gaNAvela che (2.1); eTaluM ja nahi paNa pataMjalie kriyAyogamAM tapane ja prathama sthAna ApyuM che. A sUtra upara bhASya lakhatAM vyAse sAMkhyayoga paraMparAno pUro abhiprAya pragaTa karI dIdho che. vyAsa kahe che ke je yogI tapasvI nathI hoto te purANI citra-vicitra 1. uttarAdhyayana, a. 25, a. 12.41, 42, 44; dhammapada varga 26.

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50 nigraMnyasampradAya karmavAsanAonI jALane toDI nathI zakato. vyAsanuM purANI vAsanAonA bhedakarUpe tapanuM varNana ane nirjhanya paraMparAnuM purANAM kamanI nirjarAnA sAdhanarUpe tapanuM nirUpaNa - A bane zramaNa paraMparAnI tapasaMbaMdhI prAcInatama mAnyatAnuM vAstavika svarUpe pragaTa kare che. buddhane choDIne badhI zramaNa paraMparAoe tapanuM ati mahattva svIkAryuM che. tethI ApaNe e paNa samajI zakIe chIe ke A paraMparAo zramaNa kema kahevAI? mULamAM zramaNano artha ja che "tapa karanAro'. jarmana vidvAna vinTaraniTse yogya ja kahyuM che ke zrAmANika sAhitya vaidika sAhityathI paNa prAcIna che je judAM judAM rUpomAM mahAbhArata, jenAgama tathA bauddhapiTakomAM surakSita che. mAro potAno mata che ke sAMkhyayoga paraMparA potAnA vizALa tathA mULa arthamAM badhI zramaNazAkhAono saMgraha karI le che. zramaNa paraMparAnA tapano bhAratIya jIvana upara eTalo adhika prabhAva paDyo che ke te koI paNa prAntamAM, koI paNa jAtimAM ane koI paNa phirakAmAM saraLatAthI joI zakAya che. A ja kAraNe buddha tapano prativAda karavA chatAM paNa tapa' zabdane choDI na zakyA. temaNe kevaLa te zabdamAM navo artha bharIne tene potAne anukULa banAvI dIdho che. lezyAvicAra vaidika paraMparAmAM cAra varNonI mAnyatA dhIre dhIre janmanA AdhAra para sthira thaI gaI hatI. jyAre te mAnyatA eTalI badhI custa ane jaDa thaI gaI ke Antarika yogyatA dharAvatI hovA chatAM paNa eka varNanI vyakti anya varNamAM ke anya varNayogyadharmakAryamAM praviSTa thaI zakatI na hatI, tyAre janmasiddha cAra varNonI mAnyatAnI viruddha guNakarmasiddha cAra varNonI mAnyatAno upadeza ane pracAra zramaNavarge jorathI ryo. A vAta itihAsa prasiddha che. - buddha ane mahAvIra bane kahe che ke janmathI nato koI brAhmaNa che, nakSatriya che, naya che, ke na che. brAhmaNa Adi cAreya karmathI ja manAvA joIe ityAdi. zramaNadharmanA puraskartAoe brAhmaNaparaMparAmAM pracalita caturvidha varNavibhAgane guNakarmanA AdhAra upara sthApyo to kharo paraMtu kevaLa eTalAthI temane saMtoSa na thayo. sArAM-narasAM guNa-karmanI paNa aneka kakSAo hoya che. tethI tadanusAra paNa manuSyajAtinuM vargIkaraNa karavuM Avazyaka thaI jAya che. zramaNa paraMparAnA nAyakoe koIka kALe AvuM vargIkaraNa karyuM paNa che. pahelAM koNe karyuM enI to khabara nathI paDatI paraMtu bauddha granthomAM benAmonI sAthe AvA vargIkaraNanI carcA Ave che. dIghanikAyamAM AjIvaka saMkhali gozAlakanA nAmanI sAthe AvA vargIkaraNano cha abhijAtirUpe nirdeza karavAmAM Avyo che, jyAre aMguttaranikAyamAM puraNakassa5nA mantavya tarIke AvA vargIkaraNanuM cha abhijAtirUpe kathana che. A cha abhijAtio athavA manuSyajAtinI karmAnusAra kakSAo A pramANe che - kRSNa, nIla, lohita (rakta), haridra 1. uttarAdhyayana 25.33, dhammapada 26.11, suttanipAta 7.21. 2. aMguttaranikAya, vaoNlyuma3, pR. 383.

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5 1 leyAvicAra (pI), zukla ane parama zukla. A cha kakSAomAM sakaLamAnavajAtino sArAM-narasAM karmanI tIvratA-mandatA anusAra samAveza karI dIdho che. AjIvaka paraMparA ane puraNakassAnI paraMparAnA nAmathI uparyukta cha abhijAtiono nirdeza to bauddha granthamAM Ave che paraMtu tadviSayaka nirjhanya paraMparAnA mantavyano koI nizabauddha granthamAM nathI jyAre prAcInamAM prAcIna jaina granthomAM nirjhanya paraMparAnuM mantavya surakSita che. nirjhanya paraMparA cha abhijAtione leyArAbda vaDe oLakhAve che. te kRSNa, nIla, kApota, teja, padma ane zukla evI che leyAone mAnIne temanAmAM kevaLa manuSyajAtino ja nahi paraMtu samagra prANI jAtino guNa-karma anusAra samAveza kare che. leyAno artha che vicAra, adhyavasAya ane pariNAma. kUra anekUratama vicAra kRSNa leyA che ane zubha ane azubhatara vicAra rAjyalezyA che. tebenI vaccenI leyAo vicAragata azubhatA ane zubhatAnAM vividha mizraNa mAtra che. - buddha puraNakarUpanI cha abhijAtionuM varNana Ananda pAsethI sAMbhaLI kahyuM che ke huM abhijAtione to mAnuM chuM paraMtu mAruM mantavya bIjAothI juduM che. e pramANe kahIne buddha kRSNa ane zukla evA be bhedomAM samagra manuSyajAtinuM vibhAjanaryuM che. kRSNa eTale nIca, daridra, durlaga ane zukla eTale ucca, sampanna, subhaga. ane pachI kRSNa prakAravALA manuSyone tathA zukla prakAravALA manuSyone traNa traNa vibhAgomAM karmAnusAra vaheMcI dIdhA che. temaNe kahyuM che ke raMga (varNa) kRSNa ho ke zukla bannemAM sArAM-narasAM guNa-karmavALA maLI Ave che. je bilakulakUra che te kRNa che, je sArAM karmavALA che te zukla che ane je sArAM-narasAM thI para che te azukla-akRNa che. buddha sArAM-narasAM karma anusAra cha prakAra to mAnI lIdhA paraMtu temanI vyAkhyA prAcIna paraMparAthI kaMIka alaga che jevI ke yogazAstramAM maLe che. jenA granthomAM upara nirdiSTa cha leyAonuM varNana to che ja je AjIvaka ane puraNakasapanA mantavyo sAthe viroSa sAmya dharAve che paraMtu sAthe sAthe ja buddhanA vargIkaraNa sAthe yA yogazAstranA vargIkaraNa sAthe maLatuM AvatuM bIjuM vargIkaraNa paNa jena granthomAM Ave che.* uparyukta carcA uparathI ApaNe nizcayapUrvaka e nirNaya upara nathI AvI zakatA ke leyAonuM mantavya nirgastha paraMparAmAM bahu prAcIna haze, paraMtu kevaLajaina granthonA AdhAre vicAra karIe ane temanAmAM AvatI dravya tathA bhAva leyAnI anekavidha prarUpaNAone joIe to ApaNe e mAnavuM ja paDe che ke bhale eka yA bIjA kAraNe nirjhanyasammata leyAonuM vargIkaraNa bauddha granthomAM na AvyuM hoya paraMtu nirjhanya paraMparA AjIvaka ane puraNakassa5nI jema potAnI rIte guNa-karma anusAra cha prakAronuM vargIkaraNa mAnatI hatI. e saMbhava che ke nirjhanya paraMparAnIlezyAviSayaka prAcIna mAnyatAno pachInA nirjhanyoe vizeSa vikAsa karyo hoya tema ja tenuM vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa karyuM hoya ane mULe guNa-karmarUpa lerayA je bhAvaleyA kahevAya che teno saMbaMdha dravyaleyAnI sAthe pachIthI joDavAmAM Avyo hoya - jevo bhAvakarmano saMbaMdhadravyakarma sAthe joDavAmAM Ave che. ane e paNa saMbhava che ke AjIvaka Adi 3. bhagavatI 1.2.23. uttarAdhyayana a. 34. 4. bhagavatI 26.1. yogazAstra 4.7.

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pa2 nigraMnyasampradAya anya prAcIna zramaNa paraMparAonI cha abhijAtiviSayaka mAnyatAne mahAvIre yA anya nirjhanyoe apanAvIne leyArUpe tenuM pratipAdana kyuM hoya ane tenAmAM kaMIka parivartana kyuM hoya temaja tenuM zAbdika parivartanatathA teno arthavikAsa paNa ryo hoya. (10) sarvajJatva tattvajJAnanI vicAradhArAomAM sarvajJatva ane sarvadarzitvano eka prazna che. A prazna bhAratIya tattvajJAna jeTalo ja prAcIna che. A viSayamAM nircanthanI itihAsakALamAM kevI dhAraNA rahI che e vAtane jANavA mATe ApaNI pAse traNa sAdhano che. eka to prAcIna jaina Agama, bIjuM uttarakAlIna jena vAlmaya ane trIjuM bauddha granyo. uttarakAlIna vAlmayamAM kyAreya koI evo pakSakAra nathI thayo je sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvanI saMbhavanIyatAne na mAnato hoya ane je mahAvIra Adi tIrthakaromAM sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvano upacArathI yA mAtra zraddhAthI vyavahAra karato hoya. AgamomAM paNa A ja vastu sthApita jevI varNavAI che. mahAvIra Adi arihaMtone jaina Agamo niHzaMkapaNe sarvajJa-sarvadarzI varNave che ane sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvanI zakyatAnI sthApanA paNa kare che. eTaluM ja nahi paNa jaina Agamo uttarakAlIna vAlmayanI jema anya saMpradAyanA nAyakonA sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvano virodha paNa kare che. udAharaNArtha jaina AgamakAroe mahAvIranA potAnA ziSya paraMtu mahAvIrathI alaga thaIne potAnI jamAta jamAvanAra jamAlinA sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvanI hAMsI uDAvI che. tevI ja rIte teo mahAvIranA samakAlIna temanA sahasAdhaka gozAlakanA sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvane paNa mAnatA nathI, jyAre jamAli ane gozAlakane temanA anuyAyIo jina, arihaMta ane sarvajJa mAne che. bauddha granthomAM paNa anyatIrthika pradhAna puruSonAM varNanamAM temanAM nAmonI sAthe sarvajJatvasarvadarzitvasUcaka vizeSaNo moTe bhAge maLe che. kevaLa jJAtaputra mahAvIranA nAmanI sAthe ja nahi paraMtu puraNakassa5, gozAlaka Adi anya tIrthaMkaronAM nAmonI sAthe paNa sarvajJatvasarvadarzitvasUcaka vizeSaNo te granthomAM jovA maLe che. A badhAM sAdhanonA AdhAre ApaNe jo vicArIe to nIce jaNAvelA niSkarSo upara ApaNe pahoMcIe chIe (1) jema Aja hareka zraddhALu potAnA mukhya gAdIdhArakane jagadguru, AcArya, Adi rUpa mAnyA-manAvyA vinAsaMtoSa pAmato nathI athavA jema Adhunika zikSaNakSetramAM DaoNkTara Adi padavIonI pratiSThA che temaja prAcIna samayamAM dareka saMpradAya potAnA mukhya puruSane sarvajJasarvadarzI mAnyA-manAvyA vinA saMtoSa pAmato na hato. (2) jyAM sudhI saMbhava hoya tyAM sudhI hareka saMpradAyAnuyAyI anya saMpradAyanA mukhya puruSomAM sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvano niSedha karavAnI koziza karato hato. (3) sarvAtya-sarvadatvinI mAnyatAnI prAcInasAMpradAyika kasoTI mukhyapaNe sAMpradAyika zraddhA hatI. 1.bhagavatI9.32.379,9.33.15. 2. aMguttaranikAya, vaoNlyuma4, pR. 429.

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sarvajJatva 53 mahAvIranA uparyukta aitihAsika niSkarSo uparathI e to nirvivAda siddha che ke khuda samayamAM ja mahAvIra nirgandha paraMparAmAM sarvajJa-sarvadarzI manAtA hatA. paraMtu prazna to e che ke mahAvIranI pahelAM sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvanA viSayamAM nirprantha paraMparAnI zuM sthiti, zI mAnyatA rahI haro ? jaina AgamomAM evuM varNana che ke amuka pArzvapatyika nirpranthoe mahAvIranuM zAsana tyAre svIkAryuM jyAre temane mahAvIranI sarvajJatA ane sarvadarzitAmAM koI ja saMdeha na rahyo. enAthI spaSTa thAya che ke mahAvIranA pahelAM paNa pArzvapatyika nirprantha paraMparAnI manovRtti sarvajJa-sarvadarzIne ja tIrthaMkara mAnavAnI hatI je manovRtti uttarakAlIna nirprantha paraMparAmAM paNa kyAreya khaMDita nathI thaI. sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvano saMbhava che ke nahi enI parIkSA tarkadaSTithI karavAno koI udderaya ahIM nathI. ahIM to kevaLa eTaluM ja dekhADavuM che ke prAcIna aitihAsika yugamAM te viSayamAM sAMpradAyikonI, khAsa karIne nirprantha paraMparanI, manovRtti kevI hatI. hajAro varSothI cAlI AvatI sarvajJatva-sarvadarzitvaviSayaka zraddhAnI manovRttino jo koIe pUrA baLathI sAmano karyo hoya to te buddha ja che. buddha pote potAnA mATe kyAreya sarvajJa-sarvadarzI hovAno dAvo karatA na hatA ane koI evo dAvo temanA mATe kare to paNa temane te pasaMda na hatuM. anya saMpradAyanA je anuyAyIo potapotAnA puraskartAone sarvajJa-sarvadarzI mAnatA hatA temanI te mAnyatAnuM koI ne koI tArkika saraNIthI buddha khaMDana paNa karatA hatA.'buddhe karelA A prativAdathI paNa te samayanI sarvajJatya-sarvadarzitvaviSayaka manovRttinI jANa thaI jAya che. 3. bhagavatI9.22.396 4. juo pR. 52 Ti. 2. majhimanikAya, sutta 63.

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bIjuM prakaraNa jainatakabhASAnuM parizIlana granyakAra : prastuta graMtha "jenatabhASAnA praNetA upAdhyAya zrImAnyaravijaya che. temanA jIvana aMge satya, ardhasatya aneka vAto pracalita hatI paraMtu jyArathI temanA samakAlIna gaNI kAntivijayajIe racelo "sujAvelI bhAsa pUro prApta thayo, je taddana vizvasanIya che, tyArathI temanA jIvananI sAcesAcI vAto taddana spaSTa thaI gaI. te bhAsatatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM padyabaddha che, jenuM Adhunika gujarAtImAM saTippaNa sAra-vivecana prasiddha lekhaka zrIyuta mohanalAla desAIe lakhyuM che. tenA AdhAre ahIM upAdhyAyajInuM jIvana saMkSepamAM ApavAmAM Ave che. upAdhyAyajInuM janmasthAna gujarAtamAM kalola pAse AveluM kano' nAmanuM gAma che je Aja paNa mojUda che. te gAmamAM nArAyaNa nAmano vepArI hato. tenI dharmapatnI sobhAgade hatI. te daMpatIne jasavaMta ane paddhasiMha be kumAro hatA. eka vakhata akabarapratibodhaka prasiddha jainAcArya hIravijayasUrinI ziSya paraMparAmAM thayelA paMDitavarya zrInayavijaya pATaNa pAse AvelA kuNagera' nAmanA gAmathI vihAra karatAM karatAM pelA kano' nAmanA gAmamAM padhAryA. temanA pratibodhathI ukta baMne kumAro potAnA mAtA-pitAnI sammatithI temanI sAthe joDAI gayA ane bannee pATaNamAM paMDita nayavijayajInI pAse ja vi.saM. 1688mAM dIkSA lIdhI, ane e ja varSamAM zrIvijayadevasUrinA hAthe temanI vaDI dIkSA paNa thaI. cokkasa jANa nathI ke dIkSA vakhate temanI uMmara keTalI hatI, paraMtu saMbhavataH te dasabAra varSathI ochI umaranA to nahi hoya. dIkSA vakhate 'jasavaMta'nuM yazovijaya' ane 'padmasiMha'nuM padmavijaya' nAma rAkhavAmAM AvyuM. te padmavijayanuM upAdhyAyajI potAnI kRtinA aMtamAM sahodara tarIke smaraNa kare che. vi.saM. 1699mAM amadAvAda zaheramAM saMgha samakSa paMDitayazovijayajIe ATha vidhAna kya. tenAthI prabhAvita thaIne tyAMnA dhanajI sUrA nAmanA eka prasiddha vepArIe guru zrInayavijayajIne vinaMtI karIke paMDita yazovijayajIne kAzI jevA sthAnamAM bhaNAvIne bIjA hemacandrataiyAra karazo. te zeThe tenA mATe be hajAra cAMdInAdInAra kharcavAnuM maMjUra karyuM ane huMDI lakhI dIdhI. guru nayavijayajI ziSya yazovijaya Adi sAthe kAzImAM AvyA ane yazovijayajIne tyAMnA prasiddha koI bhaTTAcArya pAse nyAya Adi daInono traNa varSa sudhI dakSiNA-dAnapUrvaka abhyAsa karAvyo. pachI kAzImAM ja koI vidvAna upara vijaya meLavyA pachI paMDita yazovijayajIne nyAyavizArada'nI padavI maLI. temane 'nyAyAcArya pada paNa maLyuM hatuM evI prasiddhi hatI paNa teno nirdeza "sujazavelI bhAsa'mAM nathI.

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granthakAra 55 kAzI pachI temaNe AgrAmAM rahIne cAra varSa sudhInyAyazAstrano vizeSa abhyAsa ane cittanachyuM. tyAra bAda te amadAvAda pahoMcyA jyAM temaNe auraMgajhebanA mahobatakhAM nAmanA gujarAtanA sUbAnA adhyakSa samakSa aDhAra avadhAna kya. A vidvattA ane kuzaLatAthI AkarSAIne badhAe paMDita yazovijayajIne 'upAdhyAya' padane lAyaka samajyA. zrI vijayadevasUrinA ziSya zrI vijayaprabhasUrie temane vi.saM. 1718mAMvAcaka - upAdhyAya pada samarpita karyuM. vi.saM. 1743mAM DabhoI gAma je Aja paNa vaDodarA jillAmAM mojUda che temAM upAdhyAyajIno svargavAsa thayo jyAM temanI pAdukA vi.saM. 1745mAM pratiSThita karavAmAM AvelI je Aja paNa vidyamAna che. upAdhyAyajInA ziSya parivArano ullekha"sujazavelImAM to nathI paraMtu temanA tattvavijaya Adi ziSya-praziSyonI jANa bIjAM sAdhanothI thAya che, jenA mATe juo "jena gurjara kavio' bhAga 2, pRSTha 27. upAdhyAyajInA bAhya jIvananI dhULa ghaTanAonuM je saMkSipta varNana upara ApyuM che temAMthI be ghaTanAo khAsa noMdhapAtra che jemanA kAraNe upAdhyAyajInA Antarika jIvanano srota eTalo badho antarmukha banIne vikasyo ke jenA baLe upAdhyAyajI bhAratIya sAhityamAM ane khAsa to jaina paraMparAmAM amara thaI gayA. te be ghaTanAomAMnI pahelI ghaTanA abhyAsa mATe kAzI javAnI che ane bIjI ghaTanAnyAya Adi danono maulika abhyAsa karavAnI che. upAdhyAyajI game teTalA buddhiyA pratibhAsampanna kema na hoya, temanA mATe gujarAta AdimAM adhyayananI sAmagrI game teTalI bhegI kema nakaravAmAM AvI hota, paraMtu emAM koI saMdeha nathI ke jo te kAzInagayA hota to temanuM zAstrIya ane dArzanika jJAna, jevuM temanA granthomAM maLe che, zakya na hota. kAzImAM jaIne paNa jo temaNe te samaya sudhImAM vikasita nyAyazAstrakhAsa karIne navInanyAyazAstranuM pUrAbaLathI adhyayananaryuM hota to temaNe jena paraMparAne ane te dvArA bhAratIya sAhityane jaina vidvAnanI hesiyatathI je apUrva bheTa dharI che, te kadI zakya banI na hota. dasamI zatAbdIthI navIna nyAyanA vikAsanI sAthe ja samagra vaidika darzanomAM ja nahi paraMtu samagra vaidika sAhityamAM sUkSma vizleSaNa ane tarkanI eka navI ja dizA zarU thaI, ane uttarottara vadhu ne vadhu vikAsa thato rahyo je Aja sudhI thato ja rahyo che. A navInanyAyakRta navyayugamAM upAdhyAyajInA pahelAM paNa aneka zvetAmbara-digambara vidvAno thayAje buddhipratibhAsaMpanna hovA uparAMta jIvanabhara zAstrayogI paNa rahyA che. tema chatAM ApaNe joIe chIe ke upAdhyAyajInA pUrvavartI koI jena vidvAne jena mantavyonuM eTaluM satarka dArzanika vizleSaNa ane pratipAdana karyuM nathI jeTaluM upAdhyAyajIe karyuM che. A aMtaranuM kAraNa upAdhyAyajInA kArIgamanamAM tema ja navya nyAyazAstranA gaMbhIra adhyayanamAM ja raheluM che. navInanyAyazAstranA abhyAsathI ane tamUlaka badhAM tatkAlIna vaidika darzanonA abhyAsathI upAdhyAyajInA sahaja buddhi-pratibhAnA saMskAra eTalAto vikasita ane samRddha thayAke pachI

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56 jainatarkabhASAnuM parizIlana temAMthI aneka zAstronuM nirmANa thavA lAgyuM. upAdhyAyajInA granthonA nirmANanuM nizcita sthAna ane te nirmANano nizcita samaya Apavo atyAre saMbhava nathI. tema chatAM eTaluM to avazya kahI ja zakAya ke temaNe anya jaina sAdhuonI jema maMdiranirmANa, mUrtipratiSThA, saMgha kADhavo Adi bahirmukha dharmakAryomAM potAno manoyoga na lagAvIne potAnuM sAruM jIvana jyAM te gayA ane jyAM te rahyA tyAM eka mAtra zAstronA cintanamAM tathA nyAyazAstronA nirmANamAM samarpita karI dIdhuM. upAdhyAyajInA granthonI badhI pratio upalabdha nathI. keTalIka to upalabdha hovA chatAM adhUrI che. keTalIka sAva anupalabdha che. tema chatAM je pUrNa upalabdha che te ja koI prakhara buddhizALI ane prabaLa puruSArthInA AjIvana abhyAsa mATe paryApta che. temanI labhya, alabhya ane apUrNa lakSya kRtionI Aja sudhInI yAdI jovAthI ja ahIM saMkSepamAM karavAmAM AvanAruM te kRtionuM sAmAnya vargIkaraNa ane mUlyAMkana pAThakonA dhyAnamAMsamajamAM AvI rAkaro. upAdhyAyajInI kRtio saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI ane hindI-mAravADI A cAra bhASAomAM gadyabaddha, padyabaddha ane gadya-padyabaddha che. dArzanika jJAnano asala ane vyApaka khajAno saMskRta bhASAmAM hovAthI tathA saMskRta bhASA dvArA ja sakala dezanA badhA vidvAnonI AgaLa potAnA vicAra rajU karavA zakya hovAthI upAdhyAyajIe saMskRtamAM to lakhyuM ja paraMtu temaNe jaina paraMparAnI mULabhUta prAkRta bhASAne gauNa na samajI. tethI temaNe prAkRtamAM paNa racanAo karI. saMskRta-prAkRta na jANanArA ke ochI jANanArAo sudhI potAnA vicAra pahoMcADavA mATe temaNe tatkAlIna gujarAtI bhASAmAM paNa vividha racanAo karI. taka maLatAM kyAreka temaNe hindI-mAravADIno paNa Azraya lIdho. viSayanI daSTie upAdhyAyajInuM sAhitya sAmAnyapaNe Agamika ane tArkika ema be prakAranuM hovA chatAM paNa viroSapaNe aneka viSayAvalaMbI che. temaNe karmatattva, AcAra, caritra Adi aneka Agamika viSayo upara Agamika zailIthI paNa lakhyuM che ane pramANa, prameya, maMgala, mukti, AtmA, yoga Adi aneka tArkika viSayo upara paNa tArkika zailImAM, khAsa karIne navya tArkika zailImAM lakhyuM che. vyAkaraNa, kAvya, chaMda, alaMkAra, darzana Adi badhA te samayamAM prasiddha zAstrIya viSayo upara temaNe kaMI ne kaMI ati mahattvanuM lakhyuM che. naya, zailInI dRSTie temanI kRtio khaMDanAtmaka paNa che, pratipAdanAtmaka paNa che ane samanvayAtmaka paNa che. jyAre te khaMDana kare che tyAre pUrNa UMDANa sudhI pahoMce che. temanuM pratipAdana sUkSma ane vizada che. jyAre te yogazAstra ane gItA AdinAM tattvono jaina mantavya sAthe samanvaya kare che tyAre temanA gaMbhIra cintanano ane AdhyAtmika bhAvano paricaya thAya che. temanI aneka kRtio koI anyanA granthanI vyAkhyA nathI paNa mUla, TIkA yA baMne rUpamAM svatantra ja che, jyAre aneka kRtio prasiddha pUrvAcAryonA granthonI vyAkhyArUpa che. upAdhyAyajI hatA pAkA jaina ane zvetAmbara tema chatAM vidyAviSayaka temanI dRSTi eTalI vizALa hatI ke te potAnA saMpradAyamAtramAM samAI na zakI, tethI temaNe pAtaMjala

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granya 57 yogasUtra upara paNa lakhyuM ane potAnI tIvra samAlocanAnI lakSya evI digambara paraMparAnA sUkSmaprajJa tArkikapravara vidyAnandanA kaThinatara aSTasahastrI nAmanA grantha upara kaThinatama vyAkhyA paNa lakhI. gujarAtI ane hindI-mAravADImAM lakhAyelI temanI aneka kRtionuM thoDuM ghaNuM vAcana, paThana ane pracAra pahelethI ja rahyo che, paraMtu temanI saMskRta-prAkRta kRtionA adhyayanaadhyApananuM nAmonizAna paNa temanA jIvanakALathI laIne 30 varSa pahelAM sudhI jovAmAM AvyuM nathI. A ja kAraNe doDha so varSa jeTalA TUMkA ane khAsa upadravothI rahita A surakSita samayamAM paNa temanI kRtio upara TIkAoke TappaNo lakhAvAno to koI saMbhava ja na rahyo, eTaluM ja nahi paNa te kRtionInakalo paNa ThIka ThIka pramANamAM thaI zakI. keTalIka kRtio to evI paNa maLI rahI che jenI phakta eka ja prati rahI che. saMbhava che ke AvI ja eka eka nakalavALI aneka kRtio yAto lupta thaI gaI yAto koI ajJAta sthAnomAM ADIavaLI thaI gaI hoya. je hoya te, paraMtu upAdhyAyajInuM jeTaluM sAhitya sabhya che teTalAnuM ja mAtra ThIka ThIka pUrI taiyArI sAthe adhyayana karavAmAM Ave to jaina paraMparAnA cAre anuyoga tathA Agamika, tArkika koI viSaya ajJAta raheze nahi. - udayana ane gaMgeza jevA methilatArkika puMgavo dvArA je navya takazAstranuM bIjAropaNa ane teno vikAsa zArU thayo ane jeno vyApaka prabhAva vyAkaraNa, sAhitya, chaMda, vividhadarzana ane dharmazAstra upara paDyo ane khUba phelAyo te navya tarkazAstranA vikAsathI vaMcita kevaLa be saMpradAyonuM sAhitya rahyuM. te be saMpradAyonA sAhityamAMthI bauddha saMpradAyanA sAhityanI te truTinI pUrtino to saMbhava ja rahyo na hato, kemake bAramI-teramI zatAbdI pachI bhArata varSamAM bauddha vidvAnonI paraMparA nAmamAtra paNa rahIna hatI, tethI te truTi eTalI khaTakatI nathI jeTalI jaina sAhityanI te truTi khaTake che kema ke jaina saMpradAyanA seMkaDo ja nahi paraMtu hajAro sAdhanasaMpannatyAgI ane keTalAka gRhastha bhAratavarSanA prAyaH badhA ja bhAgomAM mojUda rahyA che jemanuM mukhya ane jIvanavyApI dhyeya zAstracintana sivAya bIjuM kaMI kahIrAkAtuM ja nathI. A jena sAhityanI khoTane-truTine dUra karavAno ane ekale hAthe dUra karavAno ujvala ane sthAyI yazajo koI jaina vidvAnane hoya to te upAdhyAyayazovijayajIne ja che. prastuta granyanA janakabhASA enAmakaraNano tathA tenI racanA karavAnI icchAthavAno, tenA vibhAga, pratipAgha viSayanI pasaMdagI Adino bodhaprada ane manoraMjaka ItihAsa che jene ApaNe avazya jANavo joIe. jyAM sudhI ApaNe jANIe chIe tyAM sudhI e sAcuM che ke prAcIna samayamAM tarkapradhAnadanagranyonAM nAmo- bhale te darzanagranyo vaidika ho, boddha hoke jenaho-nyAyapadayukta hotAM hatAM, jemakenyAyasUtra, nyAyabhASya, nyAyavArtika, nyAyasAra, nyAyamaMjarI, nyAyamukha, nyAyAvatAra Adi. jo pro. cIe ApeluM 'takazAstra'' enAma asala ane sAcuM hoya yA pramANasamuccayavRttimAM nirdiSTa 'tarkazAstra nAma kharuM hoya to te 1.Pre-Disnaga Buddhist Logicgata 'tarkazAstra' nAmano grantha.

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58 jainatabhASAnuM parizIlana prAcIna samayamAM maLatAM nyAyazabdayukta nAmonI paraMparAno A eka ja apavAda che jemAM nyAyazabdane badale tarkazabda che. AvI paraMparA hovA chatAM paNa nyAya' zabdanAsthAne taka zabda lagAvIne tarkabhASAnAma rAkhanAra ane e nAma dharAvatuM dharmakIrtikRta nyAyabindu nAmanA granthanA padArtho para ja eka prakaraNa lakhanAra bauddha vidvAna mokSAkara che je bAramI rAtAbdInA manAya che. mokSAkaranI A takabhASA kRtino prabhAva vaidika vidvAna kezavamizra para paDyo jaNAya che, jethI temaNe vaidika paraMparAnusArI akSapAdanA nyAyasUtrano AdhAra laIne potAno tarkabhASA grantha teramI-caudamI zatAbdImAM racyo. mokSAkarano jagattala bauddha vihAra kezava mizranI mithilAthI bahu dUra nahi hoya evuM jaNAya che. upAdhyAya yazovijayajIe bauddha vidvAna ane vaidika vidvAnanI banne tarkabhASAo joI, tyAre temane paNa icchA thaI ke eka evI takabhASA lakhAvI joIe jemAM jena mantavyonuM varNana hoya. A icchAthI prerAyelA temaNe prastuta granyaracyo ane tenuM kevaLa takabhASA' nAmana rAkhatAM janakabhASA" evuM nAma rAkhyuM. emAM koI ja saMdeha nathI ke upAdhyAyajInI jenatakabhASAnI racanA karavAnI kalpanAnuM mULaukta be tarkabhASAonA avalokanamAM che. mokSAkarIya takabhASAnI prAcIna tADapatrIya prati pATaNanA bhaMDAramAM che jenA uparathI jANI zakAya che ke mokSArIya takabhASAno jaina bhaMDAramAM saMgraha to upAdhyAyajInA pahelAM ja thayo haze paraMtu kezavamizrIya takabhASA jaina bhaMDAramAM saMgRhIta hovAnI bAbatamAM kaMI bhArapUrvaka kahI zakAtuM nathI. saMbhava che ke jene bhaMDAramAM teno saMgraha sauprathama upAdhyAyajIe ja karyo hoya kemake tenI paNa vividha TIkAyukta aneka pratio pATaNa Adi aneka sthAnonA jaina sAhityasaMgrahamAM che, mokSAkarIyatakabhASA traNa paricchedomAM vibhakta che, jevI rIte teno AdhArabhUta granya nyAyabindu paNa che. kerAvamizrIya tarkabhASAmAM AvA pariccheda vibhAgo nathI. tethI ja upAdhyAyajInI tarkabhASAnA traNa paricchedo karavAnI kalpanAno AdhAra mokSAkarIyata/bhASA che ema kahevuM asaMgata nahi gaNAya. jainatabhASAnI racanAnI, tenA nAmakaraNanI ane tenA vibhAganI kalpanAno itihAsa thoDoghaNo jJAta thayo, paraMtu have prazna e che ke temaNe potAnA granthano je pratipAdya viSaya pasaMda ryo ane tene pratyeka paricchedamAM vibhAjitaryo teno koI AdhAra temanI sAme hato ke pachI temaNe pote potAnI meLe ja viSayanI pasaMdagI karI ane tenuM pariccheda anusAra vibhAjana paNa karyuM? A praznano uttara ApaNane bhaTTAraka akalaMkanI kRti laghIyalsayanuM avalokana karavAthI maLI jAya che. akalaMkano grantha ladhIyaRya je mUla padyabaddha che ane svapajJavivaraNayukta che, tenA mukhyapaNe pratipAgha viSayotraNa che - pramANa, naya ane nikSepa. te ja traNa viSayone laIne nyAyaprasthApaka akalake traNa vibhAgamAM ladhIyasanI racanA karI je traNa pravezomAM vibhAjita che. bauddha-vaidika be takabhASAonA anukaraNarUpe jaina tarkabhASA racavAnI upAdhyAyajIne icchA thaI hatI ja, paraMtu temane pratipAdyaviSayanI pasaMdagI tathA tenA vibhAga vAste akalaMkanI kRti maLI gaI jenAthI temanI granyanirmANanI yojanA barAbara banI gaI. upAdhyAyajIe joyuM ke lavIyajhayamAM pramANa, naya ane nikSepanuM varNana che paraMtu prAcIna hovAthI vikasita yuga mATe paryApta nathI. tevI ja rIte kadAca temaNe e paNa vicAryuM hoya ke digambarAcAryakRta laghIyatraya jevo paraMtu navayugane anukULa viroSothIyukta

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granya 59 zvetAmbara paraMparAno paNa eka grantha hovo joIe. A icchAthI prerita thaIne nAmakaraNa AdimAM mokSAkara AdinuM anusaraNa karavA chatAM paNa temaNe viSayanI pasaMdagImAM tathA tenA vibhAjanamAM jainAcArya akalaMkanuM ja anusaraNa karyuM. upAdhyAyajInA pUrvavartI zvetAmbara-digambara aneka AcAryonA tarkaviSayaka sUtra ane prakaraNa granyo che paraMtu akalaMkanA ladhIyasraya grantha sivAya bIjo koI evo tarkaviSayaka granya nathI jemAM pramANa, naya ane nikSepa traNenuM tArkika zailImAM eka sAthe nirUpaNa hoya. tethI ja upAdhyAyajInI viSayapasaMdagIno AdhAra laghIyasraya ja che emAM koI saMdeha raheto nathI. te uparAMta upAdhyAyajInI prastuta kRtimAM laghIyatrayanAM aneka vAkyo jemanA tema Ave che je tenA AdhAratvanA anumAnane vadhu puSTa kare che. bAhya svarUpano thoDoka ItihAsa jANyA pachI AMtarika svarUpanuM paNa etihAsika varNana Avazyaka che. janatakabhASAnA viSayanirUpaNanA mukhya AdhArabhUta be granya che - saTIka vizeSAvazyakabhASya ane saTIka pramANanayatattAloka. tevI ja rIte tenA nirUpaNamAM mukhyapaNe AdhArabhUta becAyagranyo paNa che- kusumAMjali ane ciMtAmaNi. te sivAya viSayanirUpaNamAM digambarIyanyAyadIpikAno paNa thoDoka sAkSAt upayoga avazya thayo che. jenatakabhASAnA nayanirUpaNa AdinI sAthe ladhIyasraya ane tattvArthaslovArtika AdinuM zabdazaH sAdaraya adhika hovAthI e prazna thavo svAbhAvika che ke temAM lavIyasraya ane tattvArthazlokavArtikano sAkSAt upayoga kema nathI mAnatA? paraMtu eno javAba e che ke upAdhyAyajIe jaina tarkabhASAnA viSayanirUpaNamAM vastutaH saTIka pramANanayatattvAlono tArkika granyarUpe sAkSAt upayoga karyo che. laghIyasraya, tattvArthaslokavArtika Adi digambarIya granthonA AdhAre saTIka pramANanayatattAlokanI racanA karAI hovAnA kAraNe jenatakabhASAnI sAthe laghIyasraya ane tattvArthaslokavArtikanuM zabdasAdaya saTIka pramANanayatattvAlaka dvArA ja AvyuM che, sAkSAt nahi. mokSAkare dharmakIrtinA nyAyabiMdune AdhAra tarIke rAkhIne tenAM keTalAMka sUtronI vyAkhyAnA rUpamAM thoDoghaNo acAnya zAstrArthIya viSaya pUrvavartI bauddha granthomAMthI laIne potAnI nAtisaMkSipta nAtivistRta evI paThanopayogI takabhASA lakhI. kezavamie paNa akSapAdanA prathama sUtrane AdhAra tarIke rAkhI tenA nirUpaNamAM saMkSeparUpamAMnaiyAyikasammata soLa padArtho ane vaizeSikasammata sAta padArthonuM vivecana kyuM. baMnee potapotAnAM mantavyo siddha karavAnI sAthe sAthe tatkAlIna virodhI mantavyonuM jyAMtyAM khaMDana paNa kyuM che. upAdhyAyajIe paNa A saraNInuM avalaMbana laIne jainatarkabhASA racI. temaNe mukhyapaNe pramANanayatattvAlokanAM sUtrone ja jyAM saMbhava hoya tyAM AdhAra banAvIne temanI vyAkhyA potAnI rIte karI che. vyAkhyAmAM khAsa karIne pAMca jJAnanA nirUpaNanA prasaMgamAM saTIka viroSAvazyakabhASyanuM ja avalaMbana upAdhyAyajIe lIdhuM che. bAkInAM pramANonA ane nayanA nirUpaNamAM pramANanayatattAlokanI vyAkhyAratnAkaranuM avalaMbana che athavA to ema kahevuM joIe ke paMcajJAna kenikSepanI carcA to viroSAvazyakabhASya ane tenI vRttino saMkSepamAtra che

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60 jainata bhASAnuM parizIlana jyAre parokSapramANonI tathA nayonI carcA pramANanayatattvAlonI vyAkhyA ratnAkarano saMkSepa che. upAdhyAyajI jevA prAcIna navIna sakala darzananA bahuzruta vidvAnanI kRtimAM game teTalo saMkSepa kema na hoya paraMtu temAM pUrvapakSa ane uttarapakSanA rUpe ke pachI vastuvizleSaNanArUpe zAstrIya vicAronA aneka raMga pUrAvAnA kAraNe A saMkSipta grantha paNa eka mahattvanI kRti banI gayo che. vastutaH jaina tarkabhASA e Agamika tathA tArkika pUrvavartI jaina prameyonuM amuka hada sudhI navyanyAyanI paribhASAmAM vizleSaNa che ane te prameyonuM eka jagAe saMgraharUpe saMkSipta paNa virAda varNana mAtra che. pramANa ane nayanI vicAraparaMparA zvetAmbarIya ane digambarIya granthomAM samAna che, paraMtu nikSeponI carcAparaMparA eTalI samAna nathI. ladhIyastrayamAM je nikSepanirUpaNa che ane tenI vistRta vyAkhyA nyAyakumudacandramAM je varNana che te vizeSAvazyakabhASyanInikSepacarcAthI eTaluM juduM to avazya che jethI e kahI rAkAya ke tattvamAM bheda na hovA chatAM paNa nikSeponI carcA digambara-zvetAmbara banne paraMparAmAM koIka aMzamAM bhinna rUpe puSTa thaI, jevuM jIvakAMDa ane cothA karmagranthanA viSaya aMge kahI zakAya che. upAdhyAyajIe jainata bhASAnA bAhya rUpanI racanAmAM laghIyasrayanuM avalaMbana lIdhuM jaNAya che, tema chatAM temaNe potAnI nikSepacarcA to pUrNapaNe vizeSAvazyakabhASyanA AdhAre ja karI che.

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trIjuM prakaraNa jJAnabindunuM parizIlana granthakAra prastuta grantha 'jJAnabindu'nA praNetA te ja vAcakapuMgava zrImad yazovijayajI che jemanI eka kRti 'jainatarkabhASA' AnA pahelAM A ja 'siMdhI jaina granthamAlA'mAM AThamA maNinA rUpamAM prakAzita thaI cUkI che. te jainatarkabhASAnA prAraMbhamAM upAdhyAyajIno sapramANa paricaya ApI dIdho che. ema joIe to temanA jIvananA saMbaMdhamAM, khAsa karIne temanI aneka prakAranI kRtionA saMbaMdhamAM, ghaNuM badhuM vicAravAno ane lakhavAno avakArA che, tema chatAM ahIMto kevaLa eTalAthI ja saMtoSa mAnavAmAM Ave che jeTaluM tarkabhASAnA prAraMbhamAM kahevAmAM AvyuM che. jo ke granthakAranA viro amAre atyAre ahIM adhika kaMI kahevuM nathI tema chatAM prastuta jJAnabindu nAmanI kRtino savizeSa paricaya karAvavo Avazyaka che ane iSTa paNa che. enA dvArA granthakAranA sarvAMgINa pAMDitya tathA granthanirmANakauzalano paNa thoDoghaNo paricaya vAcakone avazya ja thaI jaze. granthanuM bAhya svarUpa granthanA bAhya svarUpano vicAra karatI vakhate mukhyapaNe traNa vAto upara keTaloka vicAra karavo avasaraprApta che - (1) nAma, (2) viSaya ane (3) racanArazailI. (1) nAma : granthakAre pote ja granthanuM 'jJAnabindu' nAma, grantha racavAnI pratijJA karatI vakhate prAraMbhamAM? tathA tenI samApti karatI vakhate antamAM ullekhyuM che. A sAmAsika nAmamAM 'Ana' ane 'bindu' A be pado che. 'jJAna' padmano sAmAnya artha prasiddha ja che ane binduno artha che TIpuM. je grantha jJAnanuM bindu mAtra che arthAt jemAM jJAnanI carcA TIpA jeTalI ati alpa che te jJAnabindu evo artha 'jJAnabiMdu' zabdano vivakSita che. jyAre granthakAra potAnA AgaMbhIra, sUkSma ane paripUrNa carcAvALA granthane paNa biMdu kahIne nAno sUcave che tyAre e prazna sahaja ja UThe che ke zuM granthakAra, pUrvAcAryonI tathA anya vidvAnonI jJAnaviSayaka ati vistRta carcAnI apekSAe, potAnI prastuta carcAne nAnI kahIne vastusthiti prakaTa kare che ke pachI AtmalAghava prakaTa kare che, athavA potAnI A ja viSayanI anya koI moTI kRtinuM sUcana kare che ? A triaMzI praznano javAba paNa badhA aMzomAM hArUpa ja che. jyAre temaNe 1. juo 'jainatabhASAnuM parizIlana'gata paricaya, pR. 54. 2. 'jJAnavintuH zrutAmmopeH samyayupriyate mayA' - pR. 1 3. 'svAvAddasya jJAnavinDoH' - pR. 49. 5

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana kahyuM ke huM zrutasamudramAMthI jJAnabiMdu'no samyagU uddhAra karuM chuM tyAre temaNe potAnA zrImukhe e to kahI ja dIdhuM ke mAro A grantha game tevo kema na hoya chatAM paNa te zrutasamudranuM to eka bindumAtra che. niHsaMdeha ahIM zruta zabdathI granthakArano abhiprAya pUrvAcAryanI kRtiothI che. e paNa spaSTa che ke granthakAre potAnA granthamAM, pUrvakRtamAM sAkSAt na carcAyelI evI keTalIya vAto nihita kema na karI hoya tema chatAM te pote potAne pUrvAcAryo AgaLa laghuja sUcave che. A rIte prastuta grantha prAcIna grutasamudrano eka aMzamAtra hovAthI tenI apekSAe to ati alpa che ja, paraMtu sAthe sAthe ja jJAnabindu nAma rAkhavAmAM granthakArano vaLI eka vadhu abhiprAya paNa che. te abhiprAya e che ke upAdhyAyajI A granthanI racanAnA pahelAM eka jJAnaviSayaka atyanta vistRta carcA karato bahu moTo grantha racI cUkyA hatA jeno A jJAnabindu eka aMrA che. jo ke A moTo grantha Aja ApaNane upalabdha nathI tema chatAM granthakAre pote ja prastuta granthamAM teno ullekha kyo che ane e ullekha paNa mAmUlI nAmathI nahi paNa "jJAnArNava jevA viziSTa nAmathI. temaNe amuka carcA karatI vakhate viroSa vistArathI jANavA mATe svaracita "jJAnArNava ganya tarapha saMketa che. "jJAnabindumAM karavAmAM AvelI koI paNa carcA pote ja viziSTa ane pUrNa che, tema chatAM temAM adhika UMDANa IcchanArAo mATe jyAre upAdhyAyajI "jJAnArNava' jevI potAnI moTIkRtinuM sUcana kare che tyAre emAM koI zaMkA nathI ke te potAnI prastuta kRtine potAnI ja bIjI te ja viSayanI bahu moTI kRtithI paNa nAnI sUcita kare che. badhA dezonA vidvAnonI e paripATI rahI che ane Aje paNa che ke teo koI viSaya upara jyAre bahu moTo grantha lakhe tyAre te ja viSaya upara adhikArI vizeSanI daSTie madhyama parimANano yA laghu parimANanoyAbane parimANano grantha paNa race. ApaNe bhAratavarSanA sAhityika itihAsane joIzuM to pratyeka viSayanA sAhityamAM te paripATInAM udAharaNo jovA maLaze. upAdhyAyajIe pote ja aneka viSayo para lakhatI vakhate te paripATInuM anusaraNa kyuM che. temaNe naya, saptabhaMgI Adi aneka viSayo upara nAnAM nAnAM prakaraNo paNa lakhyAM che ane te ja viSayo upara moTA moTAgranyo paNa lakhyA che. udAharaNArtha, 'nayapradIpa', 'nayarahasya' AdinAnAM nAnAM prakaraNo che jyAre anekAntavyavasthA', 'nayAmRtataraMgiNI' Adi moTAyA Akaragranyo paNa che. evuM jaNAya che ke jJAnaviSaya upara lakhatI vakhate paNa temaNe pahelAM "jJAnArNava nAmano Akaragrantha lakhyo ane pachI "jJAnabindu' nAmanonAno paNa praverAka granya racyo. 'jJAnArNava" upalabdha na hovAthI temAM zuM zuM, keTalI keTalI ane kevA kevA prakAranI carcAo karavAmAM AvI haze e kahevuM saMbhava nathI, tema chatAM upAdhyAyajInA vyaktitvanA sUcaka sAhityarAzine jovAthI eTaluM to niHsaMdeha kahI zakAya ke temaNe te arNavagranthamAM jJAnasaMbaMdhIyacca yAvacca kahI nAkhyuM haze. 4. "jJAnavat zratApe sakriyate mA' - pR.1 5. ' matajJAnAvAtu karaNeyam' -pR. 16. tathA granyakAre zAstravArtAsamuccayanI TIkA syAdvAdakalpalatAmAM paNa svakRta jJAnArNavano ullekha karyo che-"tatvamatratye nRtajJAnAvAnuM navasem'-pR. 20. digambarAcArya zubhacandrano paNa eka zAnArNava nAmano granya maLe che.

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granthanuM bAhya svarUpa--viSaya 63 Arya lokonI paraMparAmAM, jIvanane saMskRta banAvanAra je saMskAro manAya che temanAmAM eka nAmakaraNa saMskAra paNa che. jo ke A saMskAra sAmAnyapaNe mAnavavyaktisparzI ja che tema chatAM te saMskAranI mahattA ane anyarthatAno vicAra Arya paraMparAmAM bahu vyApaka rahyo che jenA phalasvarUpe AryagaNa nAmakaraNa karatI vakhate bahu ja vicAra karato Avyo che. tenI vyApti eTalI badhI vistarI ke pachI to koI paNa vastunuM jyAre nAma rAkhavAnuM hoya tyAre tenA upara khAsa vicAra karI levAmAM Ave che. granthonAM nAmakaraNo to racayitA vidvAno dvArA ja thAya che, tethI teo anyarthatAnI sAthe sAthe potAnA nAmakaraNamAM navInatA ane pUrva paraMparAno paNa yathAsaMbhava suyoga sAdhe che. 'jJAnabindu' nAma antartha to che ja, paraMtu temAM navInatA tathA pUrva paraMparAno meLa paNa che. pUrva paraMparA temAM anekamukhI vyakta thaI che. bauddha, brAhmaNa ane jaina paraMparAnA aneka viSayonA evA prAcIna grantho Aja paNa jANItA che jemanAM nAmanA ante 'bindu' zabda Ave che. bauddha dharmakIrtinA 'hetubindu' ane 'nyAyabindu' jevA grantha upAdhyAyajIe kevaLa nAmathI ja jANyA na hatA paraMtu te granthonuM parizIlana paNa karyuM hatuM. vAcaspati mizrano 'tattvabindu' grantha ane madhusUdana sarasvatIno 'siddhAntabindu' grantha suvizruta che, jemAMthI 'siddhAntabindu'no to upayoga prastuta 'jJAnabindu'mAM upAdhyAyajIeryo paNa che.. AcArya haribhadranA 'bindu'antavALA 'yogabindu' ane 'dharmabindu' grantho prasiddha che. A 'bindu'antavALAMnAmonI suMdara ane sArthaka pUrva paraMparAne upAdhyAyajIe prastuta granthamAM vyakta karIne 'jJAnArNava' ane 'jJAnabindu'nI navIna joDI dvArA navInatA paNa arpita karI che. 2. viSaya : granthakAre pratipAdyarUpe je viSayane pasaMda karyo che te to granthanA nAmathI ja barAbara jaNAI jAya che. ema to jJAnano mahimA mAnavavaMza mAtramAM prasiddha che, tema chatAM Arya jAtinuM te eka mAtra jIvanasAdhya rahyuM che. jaina paraMparAmAM jJAnanI ArAdhanA ane pUjAnI vividha praNAlIo eTalI pracalita che ke kaMI paNa na jANanAro jaina paNa eTaluM to prAyaH jANe che ke jJAna pAMca prakAranuM hoya che. keTalAMya aitihAsika pramANo uparathI evuM mAnavuM paDe che ke jJAnanA pAMca prakAra, je jainomAM prasiddha che te, bhagavAna mahAvIranA pahelAMthI pracalita hovA joIe. pUrvazruta je bhagavAna mahAvIra pahelAMnuM manAya che ane je bahu pahelethI nArA pAmeluM samajavAmAM Ave che temAM eka 'jJAnapravAda' nAmanuM pUrva hatuM jemAM zvetAmbara-digambara baMne paraMparA anusAra paMcavidha jJAnanuM varNana hatuM. upalabdha zrutamAM prAcIna samajavAmAM AvatAM keTalAMka aMgomAM paNa temanI spaSTa carcA che. 'uttarAdhyayana'" jevA prAcIna mUla sUtramAM paNa temanuM varNana che. nantisUtramAM to kevaLa pAMca jJAnonuM ja varNana che. 'Avayakaniryukti' jevA prAcIna vyAkhyAgranthamAM pAMca jJAnone ja maMgala mAnIne prAraMbhamAM temanuM varNana karavAmAM AvyuM che.8 karmaviSayaka sAhityanA 6. 'ata Dva svayamuvAM tapasvinA siddhAntavindrau|' - pR. 24. 7. adhyayana 28, gAyA 45. 8. Avazyakaniryukti, gAyA 1 thI AgaLa.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana prAcInamAM prAcIna samajavAmAM AvatA granthomAM paNa paMcavidha jJAnanA AdhAra upara ja karmaprakRtionuM vibhAjana che, je lupta thayelA karmapravAda pUrvanI avaziSTa paraMparA mAtra che. A paMcavidha jJAnanuM pUruM svarUpa digambara-zvetAmbara jevA banneya prAcIna saMghomAM ekasarakhuM che. A badhuM eTaluM sUcita karavA mATe paryApta che ke paMcavidhajJAnavibhAga ane tenuM amuka varNana bahu ja prAcIna hovuM joIe. prAcIna jaina sAhityanI je kArmagracUika paraMparA che taddanusAra mati, zrata, avadhi, manaH paryAya ane kevala e pAMca nAma jJAnavibhAgasUcaka phalita thAya che, jyAre Agamika paraMparA anusAra matinA sthAne abhinibodha' nAma che. bAkInAM anya cAre nAma kArmagranthika paraMparAnAM nAmo jevAM ja che. Ama jaina paraMparAgata paMcavidhajJAnadaraka nAmomAM kArmagranzika ane Agamika paraMparA anusAra prathama jJAnanAM bodhakamati' ane 'abhinibodha ebenAmAM samAnArthaka yA paryAyarUpaphalita thAya che. bAkInAM cAra jJAnonAM darzaka zruta, avadhi Adi cAra nAmo ukta banne paraMparAo anusAra eka eka ja che. temanA bIjA koI paryAyo asalanathI. yAda rAkhavAnI vAta e che ke jaina paraMparAnA saMpUrNa sAhitye laukika ane lokottara badhA prakAranAM jJAnono samAveza ukta paMcavidha vibhAgamAMthI koIne koI vibhAgamAM koIne koI nAmathI ryo che. samAvezano A prayatna jaina paraMparAnA AkhA itihAsamAM ekasarakho che. jyAre jyAre jainAcAryone potAne koI navA jJAna aMge ke koInavAjJAnanA nAmanA aMge prazna Ubho thayo, athavA darzanAttaravAdIoe emanI sAme evo koI prazna upasthita ryo tyAre tyAre temaNe te jJAnano yA jJAnanA viroSa nAmano samAveza ukta paMcavidha vibhAgamAMthI yathAsaMbhava koI eka ke bIjA vibhAgamAM karI dIdho che. have ApaNe AgaLa e jovuM che ke ukta paMcavidha jJAnavibhAganI prAcIna jenI bhUmikAnA AdhAra upara kramazaH kevI kevI jAtanA vicArono vikAsa thayo. jaNAya che ke jene paraMparAmAM jJAnasaMbaMdhI vicArono vikAsa be mArge thayo che. eka mArga to che svadarzanAbhyAsano ane bIjo che inAntarAbhyAsano. banne mArgo bahudhA paraspara saMbaddha jaNAya che, tema chatAM temano pArasparika bheda spaSTa che jenAM mukhya lakSaNo A chesvadarzanAbhyAsajanita vikAsamAM darzanAttarIya paribhASAone apanAvavAno prayatna nathI, paramatakhaMDanano prayatna paNa nathI temaja jalpatathA vitaMDA kathAnuM kyAreya avalaMbana paNa nathI. temAM jo kyA che to te ekamAtra tattvanubhutyu kathA arthAt vAda ja che. ethI UlaTuM darzanAttarAbhyAsa dvArA thayelA jJAnanA vikAsamAM darzanAntarIya paribhASAone AtmasAt karavAno prayatna avAya che. temAM paramatakhaMDananI sAthe sAthe kyAreka kyAreka jalpaSAnuM paNa avalaMbana avazya dekhAya che. A lakSaNone dhyAnamAM rAkhIne jJAnasaMbaMdhI jaina vicAravikAsanuM jyAre ApaNe adhyayana karIe chIe tyAre tenI aneka aitihAsika bhUmikAo ApaNane jana sAhityamAM jovA maLe che. 9. paMcasaMgraha, pR. 108,gAthA3. prathama karmagranya, gAthA4.gommadasAra, jIvakAMDa, gAyA299. 10. nanTisUtra, sutrA. Avazyaka niryukti, gAyA1. pakhaMDAgama, pu. 1, pR. 353.

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granthanuM bAhya svarUpa-viSaya jJAnavikAsanI kaI bhUmikAno Azraya laIne prastuta jJAnabindu granya upAdhyAyajIe racyo che ene barAbara samajavA mATe ame ahIM jJAnavikAsanI keTalIka bhUmikAonuM saMkSepamAM citraNa karIe chIe. AvI jJAtavya bhUmikAo nIce jaNAvyA mujaba sAta kahI zakAya(1) karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika, (2) niryuktigata, (3) anuyogagata, (4) tattvArthagata, (5) siddhasenIyA (6) jinabhadrIya ane (7) akalaMkIya. (1) karmazAstrIya tathA Agamika bhUmikA te che jemAM paMcavidha jJAnanAM mati yA abhinibodha Adi pAMca nAmo maLe che ane A ja pAMca nAmonI AsapAsa svadaranAbhyAsajanita thoDAghaNA UMDA ane vistRta bheda-prabhedono vicAra paNa maLe che. | (2) bIjI bhUmikA te che je prAcIna niryukti bhAgamAM, lagabhaga vikramanI bIjI zatAbdI sudhImAM, siddha thayelI jaNAya che. temAM darzanAntaranA abhyAsanI thoDIka asara jaNAya che kemake prAcIna niryuktimAM matijJAnanA mATe mati ane abhinibodha zabda uparAMta saMjJA, prajJA, smRti Adi aneka paryAya zabdonI je vRddhi dekhAya che ane paMcavidha jJAnano je pratyakSa tathA parokSa e rItano vibhAgadekhAya che te darzanAntarIya abhyAsane ja sUcave che. (3) trIjI bhUmikA te che je 'anuyogakAra' nAmanA sUtragranthamAM maLe che je prAya vikramIya bIjI zatAbdInI kRti che. temAM akSapAdIya nyAyasUtra'nAM cAra pramANono+tathA tenA anumAna pramANa saMbaMdhI bhedaprabhedono saMgraha che je danAntarIya abhyAsanuM asaMdigdha pariNAma che. A sUtragranthamAM jaina paMcavidha jJAnavibhAgane sAme rAkhavA chatAM tenA kartA AryarakSitasUrie nyAyadarzanamAM prasiddha pramANavibhAgane tathA tenI paribhASAone jene vicArakSetramAM lAvavAno kadAca sarvaprathama prayatnaryo che. (4) cothI bhUmikAte che je vAcaka umAsvAtinA tattvArthasUtra' ane khAsa karIne temanA svapajJa bhAgamAM jovA maLe che. te prAyaH vikramIya trIjI zatAbdI pachInI kRti che. temAM niryuktipratipAdita pratyakSa ane parokSa pramANano ullekha karIne vAcake anuyogadvAramAM 11. niyuktisAhityane jovAthI jANavA maLe che ke jeTaluM paNa sAhitya niyuktinAmathI maLe che te badhuM to eka AcAryanI kRti che ke na to te eka ja zatAbdImAM lakhAyuM che, tema chatAM prastuta jJAnanI carcA karato Avayaniryuktino bhAga bhadrabAhuprathamakRta mAnavAmAM koI vAMdho nathI. tethI tene ahIM vikramanI bIjI zatAbdI sudhImAM siddha thayelo kahevAmAM Avyo che. 12. Avayakaniyukti, gAthA 12. 13. bRhatkalpabhASyAntargata bhadrabAhukRta niryukti gAthA 3, 24, 25. jo ke TIkAkAre A gAyAone bhadrabAhavIya niryuktigata hovAnuM sUcana karyuM nathI tema chatAM pUrvApara saMdarbhane jovAthI A gAthAone niryuktigata mAnavAmAM koI vAMdho nathI. TIkAkAre niryukti ane bhASyano viveka sarvatra dekhADyo nathI, e vAta to bRhatkalpanA koI paNa vAcakanA dhyAnamAM turata ja AvI zake che ane khAsa vAta e che ke nyAyAvatAraTIkAnI TippaNInA racayitA devabhadra jemAM spaSTataH pratyakSa ane parokSanuM lakSaNa ApavAmAM AveluM che te 25mI gAthAne bhagavAna bhadrabAhunI hovAnuM sUcana kare che. nyAyAvatAra, pR. 15. 14. anuyogadvArasUtra, pR. 21thI. 15. tattvArthasUtra, 1.9-13.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana svIkRta nyAyadarzanIya caturvidha pramANavibhAga tarapha udAsInatA dekhADIne niryuktigata dvividha pramANavibhAganuM samarthana karyuM che. vAcakanA A samarthanano prabhAva AgaLa upara thayelA jJAnavikAsa para e paDyo ke pachI koI jena tArkike potAnI jJAnavicAraNAmAM ukta caturvidha pramANavibhAgane bhUlathI paNa sthAna ApyuM nahi. hA, eTaluM to avazya thayuM ke AryarakSita jevA pratiSThita anuyogadhara dvArA eka vAra jaina zratamAM sthAna meLavavAnA kAraNe pachI nyAyadarzanIya A caturvidha pramANavibhAga haMmeza mATe 'bhagavatI'? Adi parama pramANabhUta AgamomAM paNa saMgRhIta thaI gayo che. vAcaka umAsvAtinuM ukta caturvidhapramANavibhAga tarapha udAsIna rahevAnuM tAtparya e jaNAya che ke jyAre jaina AcAryono svopajJa pratyakSa-parokSa pramANavibhAga che tyAre tene laIne jJAnono vicAra kema na karavAmAM Ave? ane darzanAntarIya caturvidhapramANavibhAga upara zA mATe bhAra ApavAmAM Ave? A sivAya vAcake mImAMsA Adi darzanAntaramAM prasiddha anumAna, arthapatti Adi pramANono paNa samAveza matimRtamAM kyA je vAcakanA pahelAM koIe karyo hoya evuM dekhAtuM nathI. vAcakanA prayatnanI be vAto khAsa dhyAna kheMce che. eka to te je niryuktisvIkRta pramANavibhAganI pratiSThA vadhAravA sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che, ane bIjI te je darzanAtarIya pramANanI paribhASA sAthe meLa besADe che ane prAsaMgikapaNe darzanAntarIya pramANavibhAganuM nirAkaraNa kare che. (5) pAMcamI bhUmikA siddhasena divAkare karelA jJAnanA vicAravikAsanI che. je anumAnataH vikramIya pAMcamI zatAbdInA jaNAya che te siddhasene potAnI vibhinna kRtiomAM keTalIka evI vAto jJAnanA vicArakSetramAM rajU karI che ke je jaina paraMparAmAM temanAM pahelAM koIe vicArI paNa na hatI. e vAto tarkadaSTie samajavAmAM jeTalI saraLa che teTalI ja jena paraMparAgata rUDha mAnasa mATe kevaLakaThina ja nahi paNa asamAdhAnakAraka paNa che. A ja kAraNe divAkaranA te vicAro upara lagabhaga hajAra varSa sudhInato koIe sahAnubhUtipUrvaka UhApoha ke nato koIe temanuM samarthana. eka upAdhyAyajI ja evA thayA jemaNe siddhasenanA navIna prastuta muddAo upara kevaLa sahAnubhUtipUrvaka vicAra ja na ryo paraMtu potAnI sUkSma prajJA ane tarkathI parimArjita jaina daSTino upayoga karIne te muddAonuM prastuta jJAnabindu granthamAM ati virATa ane anekAnta daSTine zobhAdenAruM samarthana paNa karyuM. te muddAo mukhyapaNe cAra che - (1) mati ane zruta jJAnonuM vAstavika aikyA? (2) avadhi ane mana:paryAya jJAnono tattvataH abheda0 16. "caturvighamiceyavAhantio'tattvArthabhASya, 1.6. 17. te siMghama? ravide guLajo, taMgadI - ujjavalle... nahIM juvAre tahIM joyagaM | bhagavatI, za. 5, u. 3, bhAga 2, pR. 211. sthAnAMgasUtra, pR. 49. 18. tattvArthabhASya, 1.12. 19. juo nizcayadvAtrizikA, kArikA 19 tathA jJAnabindu, pR. 16. 20. juo nizcayadvArnAizika, kArikA 17 ane jJAnabindu, pR. 18.

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granthanuM bAhya svarUpa--viSaya (3) kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzanano vAstavika abheda21 (4) zraddhAnarUpa darzanano jJAnathI abheda 22 AcAra muddAone rajU karIne siddhasene jJAnanA bheda-prabhedonI prAcIna rekhA upara tArkika vicArano navo prakArA nAkhyo che jene koI paNa, purAtana rUDha saMskAro tathA zAstronA pracalita vyAkhyAnanA kAraNe, pUrI rIte samajI zakyuM nahi. jaina vicArakomAM siddhasenanA vicAro pratye pratikriyA zarU thaI. aneka vidvAna to temano prakaTa virodha karavA lAgyA3, ane keTalAka vidvAna A viSayamAM udAsIna ja rahyA. kSamAzramaNa jinabhadragaNIe bahu joradAra virodha karyo, to paNa ApaNe joIe chIe ke A virodha kevaLa kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzananA abhedavALA muddA upara ja thayo che. bAkInA muddAo upara kAM to koIe vicAra ja na karyo kAM to badhAe upekSA dhAraNa karI lIdhI. paraMtu jyAre ApaNe prastuta jJAnabindumAM te muddAo upara upAdhyAyajIno UhApoha joIe chIe tyAre ApaNe kahevuM paDe che ke eTalA prAcIna yugamAM paNa siddhasenanI te tArkikatA ane sUkSma daSTi e jaina sAhityane adbhuta pradAna che. divAkare A cAra muddAo upara potAnA vicAra 'nizcayadvAtriMzikA' tathA 'sanmatiprakaraNa'mAM prakaTa karyA che. temaNe jJAnanA vicArakSetramAM vaLI eka vadhu navuM prasthAna zarU karyuM. saMbhavataH divAkaranA pahelAM jaina paraMparAmAM koI nyAya viSayano - arthAt parArthAnumAna ane tatsaMbaMdhI padArthanirUpaka - viziSTa grantha hato nahi. jyAre divAkarajIe abhAvanI pUrti karavA mATe 'nyAyAvatAra'nI racanA karI tyAre temaNe jaina paraMparAmAM pramANavibhAga upara navesarathI punarvicAra pragaTa ryo. AryarakSitasvIkRta nyAyadarzanIya caturvidhapramANavibhAgane jaina paraMparAmAM gauNa sthAna ApIne, niryuktikArasvIkRta dvividhapramANavibhAgane pradhAnatA ApanAra vAcakanA prayatnano ullekha ame upara karI cUkyA chIe. siddhasene paNa te dvividhapramANavibhAganI24 bhUmikA upara 'nyAyAvatAra'nI racanA karI ane te pratyakSa ane parokSa pramANaDhaya dvArA traNa pramANone jaina paraMparAmAM sauprathama sthAna ApyuM, je temanA pahelAM ghaNA samayathI sAMkhya darzana tathA vairoSika darzanamAM suprasiddha hatAM ane atyAra sudhI paNa che. sAMkhya ane vaizeSika7 banne darzana je pratyakSa, anumAna ane Agama e traNa pramANone mAnatAM AvyAM 67 21. juo sanmati bIjo kANDa pUro ane jJAnabindu, pR. 33thI. 22. juo sanmati, 2.32 ane jJAnabindu, pR. 47. 23.jemake haribhadra - juo dharmasaMgrahaNI, gAyA 1352thI tathA naMdIvRtti, pR. 55. 24. juo nyAyAvatAra, zloka 1. 25. jo ke siddhasene pramANano pratyakSa-parokSarUpe dvividha vibhAga karyo che kintu pratyakSa, anumAna ane zabda e traNenuM pRthak pRthak lakSaNa ApyuM che. 26. sAMkhyakArikA, kArikA 4. 27. pramANanA bhedanA viSayamAM badhA vaizeSika ekamata nathI. koI pramANanA be bheda to koI tenA traNa bheda mAne che. prazastapAdabhASyamAM (pR. 213) zAbda pramANano antarbhAva anumAnamAM che. tenA TIkAkAra zrIdharano paNa e ja mata che (kandalI, pR. 213) paraMtu vyomazivane evuM ekAntapaNe iSTa nathI. juo vyomavatI, pR. 577, 584. tethI jyAM vaizeSikasammata traNa pramANono ullekha hoya tyAM te mata vyomazivano samajavo joIe. juo nyAyAvatAraTIkATippaNa pR. 9 ane pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa, pR. 23.

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Fe jJAnabindunuM parizIlana che temane paNa have eka rIte jaina paraMparAmAM sthAna maLyuM je vAdakathA ane parArthAnumAnanI dRSTie bahu upayukta che. A rIte jaina paraMparAmAM nyAya, sAMkhya ane vairoSika traNe darzanasammata pramANavibhAgano praveza thayo. ahIM siddhasenasvIkRta A trividhapramANavibhAganI jaina paraMparAmAM, AryarakSitIya caturvidhapramANavibhAganI jema, upekSA ja thaI ke teno viroSa AThara thayo ? - A prazna avaraya thAya che jenA aMge ame AgaLa upara kaMIka kahIzuM. (6) chaThThI bhUmikA vikramIya sAtamI zatAbdImAM thayelA jinabhadra gaNInI che. prAcIna samayathI karmazAstra tathA AgamanI paraMparA anusAra je mati, zruta Adi pAMca jJAnono vicAra jaina paraMparAmAM pracalita hato ane jenA upara niryuktikAra tathA prAcIna anya vyAkhyAkAroe temaja naMdI jevA AgamanA praNetAoe potapotAnI zakti ane dRSTi anusAra ghaNo badho koTikrama paNa vadhAryo hato te vicArabhUmikAno Azraya laIne kSamAzramaNa jinabhadre potAnA vizAla grantha 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya'mAM paMcavidha jJAnanI AcUDAMta sAMgopAMga mImAMsA karI ane te Agamasammata paMcavidha jJAno upara tarkadRSTie AgamapraNAlInuM samarthana karanAro gaMbhIra prakAza pADyo. 'tattvArthasUtra' para vyAkhyA lakhatI vakhate pUjyapAda devanandI ane bhaTTAraka akalaMke paNa paMcavidha jJAnanA samarthanamAM mukhyapaNe tarkapraNAlInuM ja avalaMbana lIdhuM che. kSamAzramaNanI A vikAsabhUmikAne tarkopajIvI AgamabhUmikA kahevI joIe kema ke temaNe koI paNa jaina tArkikathI ochI tArkikatA nathI dekhADI, tema chatAM temanuM saghaLuM tarkabaLa Agamika sImAonA gherAmAM ja gherAyeluM rahyuM - jema ke kumArila ane zaMkarAcAryanuM saghaLuM tarkabaLa zrutinI sImAonA gherAmAM ja sImita rahyuM. kSamAzramaNe potAnA A viziSTa AvazyakabhASyamAM jJAnonA aMge eTalI badhI vicArasAmagrI vyavasthita karI che ke je pachInA badhA zvetAmbara anya praNetAonA mATe mukhya AdhArabhUta banI che. upAdhyAyajI to jyAre paNa je koI praNAlIthI jJAnonuM nirUpaNa kare che tyAre jANe ke kSamAzramaNanA vizeSAvazyakabhASyane potAnA manamAM pUrNapaNe pratiSThita karI le che." prastuta jJAnabindumAM paNa upAdhyAyajIe te ja karyuM che.30 (7) sAtamI bhUmikA bhaTTa akalaMkanI che, je vikramIya AThamI zatAbdInA vidvAna che. jJAnavicAranA vikAsakSetramAM bhaTTAraka akalaMkano prayatna bahumukhI che. A viSayamAM temanA traNa prayatno vizeSa ullekhayogya che. pahelo prayatna tattvArthasUtrAvalaMbI hovAthI pradhAnapaNe parAzrita che. bIjo prayatna siddhasenIya 'nyAyAvatAra'no pratibiMbagrAhI kahI zakAya, tema chatAM temAM temanI viziSTa svatantratA spaSTa che. trIjo prayatna 'laghIyasraya' ane khAsa karIne 'pramANasaMgraha'mAM che, jene ekmAtra temanI potAnI ja sUjha gaNavI ThIka raheze. umAsvAtie 28. vizeSAvazyakabhASyamAM jJAnapadmAdhikAre ja 840 gAyAo jeTalo moTo bhAga rokI rAkhyo che. koTyAcAryanI TIkA anusAra vizeSAvazyakabhASyanI phula gAyAo4346 che. 29. vAcakone A vAtanI pratIti upAdhyAyajIkRta jainatarkabhASAne tenAM TippaNo sAthe jovAthI thaI jaze. 30. juo jJAnabindunI TippaNI pR. 61, 68-73 ityAdi.

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granthanuM bAhya svarUpaviSaya mImAMsaka Adi darzanasammata aneka pramANono samAveza mati ane zrutamAM thAya che evuM kevaLa sAmAnya kathana kyuM hatuM, ane pUjyapAde paNa evuM ja sAmAnyathanaryuM hatuM. paraMtu akaleke enAthI AgaLa jaIne vizeSa vizleSaNa dvArA "rAjavArtika'mAM e dekhADyuM ke danAntarIya pelAM badhAM pramANo kevI rIte anakSara ane akSara zrutamAM samAveza pAmI zake che. rAjavArtika strAvalaMbI hovAthI temAM ATaluM ja vizadIkaraNa paryApta che, paraMtu temane jyAre dharmakIrtinA pramANavinizcaya'nuM anukaraNa karato svataMtra nyAyavinizcaya granyaracavo paDyo tyAre temane parArthAnumAna tathA vAdagoSTIne lakSyamAM rAkhIne vicAra karavo paDyo. te vakhate temaNe siddhasenasvItavaizeSika-sAMkhyasammata trividha pramANavibhAganI praNAlInuM avalaMbana laIne potAnA sArA vicAro "nyAyavinizcaya'mAM nibaddha karyA. Ama eka rIte akalaMkano AcAyavinizcaya" siddhasenIya 'cAyavatAranuM svata--vistRta vizadIkaraNa ja mAtranathI paraMtu aneka aMzomAM pUraka paNa che. A rIte jena paraMparAmAMnyAyAvatAranA sauprathama samarthaka akalaMka ja che. ATaluM hovA chatAM paNa akalaMka samakSa keTalAka prazno evA hatA ke je temanI pAsethI javAba icchatA hatA. pahelo prazna e hato ke jyAre Apa mImAMsakAdisammata anumAna vagere vividha pramANono cutamAM samAveza karo cho tyAre umAsvAtinA A kathananI sAthe virodha thAya che ke te pramANo mati ane zruta bemAM samAveza pAme che. bIjo prazna temanI samakSa e hato ke matinA paryAyarUpe je smRti, saMjJA, cittA jevA zabdo niryuktikALathI pracalita che ane jemane umAsvAtie paNa mULa sUtramAM saMgRhItaryA che temanuM koI viziSTa tAtparya ke koI viziSTa upayoga che ke nahi? te uparAMta temanI samakSa khAsa prazna A paNa hato ke jyAre badhA jainAcAryo potAnA prAcIna paMcavidhajJAnavibhAgamAM darzanAntarasammata pramANono tathA temanAM nAmono samAveza karatA AvyA che tyAre zuM jaina paraMparAmAM paNa te pramANonI koI dArzanika paribhASAo yA dArzanika lakSaNo che ke nahi? jo che to te zuM che? vaLI e paNa jaNAvo ke te badhAM pramANalakSaNo yA badhI pramANaparibhASAo kevaLadanAntaramAMthI udhAra lIdhelI che ke prAcIna jaina granthomAM temanuM koI mULa paNa che? te uparAMta akalaMkane eka bahu moTo prazna A paNa parezAna karato jaNAya che ke tamArI jena tArkikonI pUrI pramANapraNAlI koI svataMtra sthAna dharAve che ke nahi? jo svatandrasthAna dharAvatI hoya to tenuM sarvAgINa nirUpaNa karo. A ane AvA ja bIjA praznonA javAba akalake thoDAmAM 'laghIyatraya'mAM ApyA che paraMtu 'pramANasaMgrahamAM te bahu spaSTa che. jainatArkikonI sAme darzanAntaranI daSTie upasthita thatI 31. juo tattvArthabhASya, 1.12. 32. juo sarvArthasiddhi, 1.10. 33. juo rAjavArtika, 1.20.15. 34. akalaMke nyAyavinizcayane traNa prastAvomAM vibhakta karyo che. pratyakSa, anumAna ane pravacana. tenA uparathI eTaluM to spaSTa thaI jAya che ke temane pramANanA A traNa bheda mukhyapaNe nyAyavinizcayanI racanAnA samaye iSTa haze.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana badhI samasyAono ukela akalake sauprathama svatantabhAve kya jaNAya che. tethI temano A prayatna taddana maulika che. uparanA saMkSipta varNana uparathI e spaSTa jANI zakAya che ke AThamI-navamI zatAbdI sudhImAM jaina paraMparAe jJAna saMbaMdhI vicArakSetramAM svadarzanAbhyAsanA mArge ane darzanAntarAbhyAsanA mArge kevA kevA prakArano vikAsa sAdhyo. atyAra sudhImAM darzanAntarIya Avazyaka paribhASAonuM jaina paraMparAmAM AtmasAkaraNa tathA navIna svaparibhASAonuM nirmANa paryAptapaNe thaI cUkyuM hatuM. temAM jalpa Adi kyA dvArA paramatonuM nirasana paNa ThIka ThIka thaI cUkyuM hatuM ane pahelAMnA kALamAM na carcAyelAM evAM aneka prameyonI carcA paNa thaI cUkI hatI. eka pAkI dArzanika bhUmikA upara AgaLanA hajAra varSomAM jena tArkikoe bahu moTA moTA carcAjaTila gro racyA jemano ItihAsa ahIM prastuta nathI. tema chatAM prastuta jJAnabiviSayaka upAdhyAyajIno prayatna barAbara samajI zakAya e hetuthI vaccenA samayanA jainatArkikonI pravRttinI dizA saMkSepamAM jANavI jarUrI che. ' AThamA-navamI zatAbdI pachI jJAnanA pradezamAM mukhyapaNe be dizAomAM prayatna thatA jovA maLe che. eka prayatna evo che je kSamAzramaNa jinabhadra vikasAvelI bhUmikAno Azraya laIne cAle che; te AcArya haribhadranI dharmasaMgrahaNI' Adi kRtiomAM jovAmAM Ave che. bIjo prayatna akaleke vikasAvelI bhUmikAnuM avalaMbana laIne zarU thayo. A prayatnamAM kevaLa akalaMkanA vidyAziSya-praziSya vidyAnanda, mANikyanandI, anantavIrya, prabhAcandra, vAdirAja Adi digambara AcAryo ja na jhUkyA paraMtu abhayadeva, vAdidevasUri, hemacandrAcArya Adi aneka zvetAmbara AcAryoe paNa akalaMkIya tArkika bhUmikAne vistRta karI. A tarkapradhAna jena yuge jena mAnasamAM eka evuM parivartana pedA karyuM je pUrvakAlIna rUDhibaddhatAne jotAM Azcaryajanaka kahI zakAya. saMbhavataH siddhasena divAkaranA taddana navIna sucanonA kAraNe temanA viruddha jaina paraMparAmAM je pUrvagraha hato te dasamI zatAbdIthI spaSTapaNe ghaTavA ane dUra thavA lAgyo. ApaNe joIe chIe ke siddhasenanI kRtirUpa je nyAyAvatAra para - je kharekhara jena paraMparAno eka nAno paNa maulika grantha che - lagabhaga cAra zatAbdIo sudhI koIe TIkA AdinI racanA karI na hatI te nyAyAvatAra tarapha jaina vidvAnonuM dhyAna have gayuM. siddharSie dasamI zatAbdImAM tenA upara vyAkhyA lakhIne tenI pratiSThA vadhArI ane agiyAramI rAtAbdImAM vAdivetAlarAntisUrie tene te sthAna ApyuMbhartuharie 'vyAkaraNamahAbhASyane, kumArile 'zAbarabhASyane, dhamakIrtie 'pramANasamuccayane ane vidyAnanda tattvArthasUtra'ne ApyuM. zAntisUrienyAyAvatAranI prathama kArikA para saTIka padyabaddhavArtika' racyuM ane sAthe sAthe ja temAM temaNe jyAM tyAM akalaMkanA vicAronuM khaMDana paNa kyuM. A zAstraracanApracura yugamAM nyAyAvatAre bIjA paNa eka jainatArkinuM dhyAna potAnA tarapha khecyuM. agiyAramI zatAbdInA jinezvarasUrienyAyAvatAranI pahelI ja kArikAne laIne tenA upara eka padyabaddha'pramAlakSaNa nAmano grantha racyo ane tenI vyAkhyA paNa temaNe pote ja lakhI. A prayatna didbhAganA pramANasamuccaya'nI prathama kArikA upara dharmakIrtie lakhela saTIka 35. jainatarkavArtika, pR. 132. tathA juocAyakumudacandra, prathama bhAga, prastAvanA, pR. 82.

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granthanuM bAhya svarUpaviSaya 71 padyabaddha 'pramANavArtika'nuM tathA pUjyapAdanI 'sarvArthasiddhi'nA prathama maMgala zloka upara vidyAnande racelI saTIka 'AptaparIkSA'nuM anukaraNa che. atyAra sudhImAM tarka ane darzananA abhyAse jaina vicArakonA mAnasa upara amuka aMro svatantra vicAra prakaTa karavAnAM bIja ThIka ThIka vAvI dIdhAM hatAM. A ja kAraNe eka ja nyAyAvatAra para lakhanAra ukta traNe vidvAnonI vicArapraNAlI aneka sthAne bhinna bhinna jaNAya che. atyAra sudhI jaina paraMparAe jJAnanA vicArakSetramAM je anekamukhI vikAsa siddha karyo hato ane je vizAla pramANamAM grantharAzinuM nirmANa karyuM hatuM temaja je mAnasika svAtantyanI ucca tArkika bhUmikA prApta karI hatI te badhuM to upAdhyAya yazovijayajIne vArasAmAM maLyuM ja hatuM paraMtu sAthe sAthe ja temane eka evI suvidhA paNa maLI hatI je temanA pahelAM koI jaina vidvAnane maLI na hatI. A suvidhA che udayana tathA gaMgerApraNIta navya nyAyazAstranA abhyAsano sAkSAt vidyAdhAma kAzImAM36 avasara maLavo. A suvidhAno upAdhyAyajInI jijJAsA ane prajJAe kevo ane keTalo upayoga karyo eno pUro khyAla to tene ja AvI zake jeNe temanI badhI kRtionuM thoDuMka paNa adhyayana karyuM hoya. navya nyAya uparAMta upAdhyAyajIe te samaya sudhInAM ati prasiddha ane vikasita pUrvamImAMsA tathA veDhAnta Adi vaidika darzanonA mahattvapUrNa granthonuM paNa sAruM parizIlana karyuM. Agamika ane dArzanika jJAnanI pUrvakAlIna tathA samakAlIna samasta vicArasAmagrIne AtmasAt karyA pachI upAdhyAyajIe jJAnanA nirUpaNakSetramAM padArpaNaryuM. upAdhyAyajInI mukhyapaNe jJAnanirUpaka be kRtio che. eka 'jainatarkabhASA' ane bIjI prastuta 'jJAnabindu'. pahelI kRtino viSaya jo ke jJAna ja che tema chatAM temAM tenA nAma anusAra tarkapraNAlI yA pramANapaddhati mukhya che. tarkabhASAnuM mukhya upAdAna 'viroSAvarayakabhASya' che, paraMtu te akalaMkanA 'laghIyastraya' ane 'pramANasaMgraha'nuM pariSkRta kintu navIna anukaraNa saMskaraNa" paNa che. prastuta jJAnabindumAM pratipAdya tarIke upAdhyAyajIe paMcavidha jJAnavALo Agamika viSaya ja pasaMda karyo che jemAM temaNe pUrvakALamAM vikasita pramANapaddhatine kyAMya paNa sthAna dIdhuM nathI, tema chatAM je yuga, je vArasA ane je pratibhAnA te dhAraka hatA te badhuM ati prAcIna paMcavidha jJAnanI carcA karanAra temanA prastuta jJAnabindu granthamAM na Ave e asaMbhava che. tethI ApaNe AgaLa upara joIzuM ke pahelAMnA lagabhaga be hajAra varSanA jaina sAhityamAM paMcavidhajJAna saMbaMdhI vicArakSetramAM je kaMI siddha thaI cUkyuM hatuM te to lagabhaga badhuM 36. juo 'jainatarkabhASA'nI prazasti - 'pUrva nyAyavizatvavivuM jANyAM pravRtta sudhaiH / ' 37. laghIyasrayamAM trIjA pravacanapravezamAM kramazaH pramANa, naya ane nikSepanuM varNana akalaMke karyuM che. te ja rIte pramANasaMgrahanA antima navamA prastAvamAM paNa temaNe te ja traNa viSayonuM saMkSepamAM varNana karyuM che. laghIyastraya ane pramANasaMgrahamAM anyatra pramANa ane nayanuM vistRta varNana to che ja, tema chatAM te banne granthonA antima prastAvamAM pramANa, naya ane nikSepanI eka sAthe saMkSipta carcA temaNe karI dIdhI che jenAthI spaSTapaNe te traNe viSayono pArasparika bheda samajamAM AvI jAya. yazovijayajIe potAnI tarkabhASAne, AnuM anukaraNa karIne, pramANa, naya ane nikSepa e traNa paricchedomAM vibhakta karI che.

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72 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana prastuta jJAnabindumAM AvyuM ja che, paraMtu te sivAya jJAna saMbaMdhI aneka navA vicAro paNa A jJAnabindumAM saniviSTa thayA che je vicAro pahelAMnA koI jaina granthamAM jovAmAM AvatA nathI. eka rIte prastuta jJAnabindu viroSAvazyakabhASyagata paMcavidhajJAnavarNananuM navuM pariskRta ane navIna daSTie sampana saMskaraNa che. 3. racanArelI prastuta granya jJAnabindunI racanArIlI kevA prakAranI che ene spaSTa samajavA mATe zAstronI mukhya mukhya zailIono saMkSipta paricaya jarUrI che. sAmAnyapaNe dArzanika paraMparAmAM cAra zailIo prasiddha che - (1) sUtrolI, (2) kArikArolI, (3) vyAkhyArelI ane (4) varNanarolI. mULa rUpamAM sUtrolInuM udAharaNa che nyAyasUtra' Adi. mULarUpamAM kArikAzailInuM udAharaNa che "sAMkhyakArikA' Adi. gadyapadya yA ubhaya rUpamAM jyAre koI mULa grantha upara vyAkhyA racavAmAM Ave che tyAre te che vyAkhyArazailI-jemake 'bhAgya' 'vArtika' Adi grantha. jemAM svopajJayA acopajJa koI mULanuM avalaMbanana hoya paraMtu jemAM granthakAra potAnA pratipAgha viSayanuM svataMtrapaNe sIdhe sIdhI rIte varNana ja karatA jAya che ane prasantAnuprasakta aneka mukhya viSaya saMbaMdhI viSayone khaDA karIne temanA nirUpaNa dvArA mukhya viSayanA varNanane ja puSTa kare che te raulI che varNanazailIyA prakaraNarolI. prastuta granthanI racanA A varNanazailImAM karavAmAM AvI che. jema vighAnanda 'pramANaparIkSA, madhusUdana sarasvatIe vedAntakalpalatikA ane sadAna 'vedAntasAra' varNanarolImAM racyA temaja upAdhyAyajIe jJAnabindunI racanA varNanarIlImAM karI che. temAM pote ke koI bIjAe racelAgaghAtmaka yA padyAtmaka bhUlanuM avalaMbana nathI. tethI tenA pUrepUrA rUpamAM jJAnabindu koI mULa granthanI vyAkhyA nathI. te to sIdhe sIdhI rIte pratipAdya tarIke pasaMda karavAmAM AvelA jJAna ane tenA pAMca prakAronuM nirUpaNa potAnI rIte kare che. A nirUpaNamAM granthakAre potAnI yogyatA ane maryAdA anusAra mukhya viSaya sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA aneka viSayonI carcA chaNAvaTa sAthe karI che jemAM temaNe pakSa yA vipakSa rUpe aneka granthakAronAM mantavyonAM avataraNo paNa ApyAM che. jo ke gUnyakAre AgaLa jaIne 'sanmati'nI aneka gAthAone laIne (pR. 33) temanuM kamarAH vyAkhyAna paNa pote kyuM che, tema chatAM vastutaH te gAthAone levI ane temanuM vyAkhyAna karavuM e to kevaLa prAsaMgika che. jyAre kevalajJAnanA nirUpaNano prasaMga Avyo ane te saMbaMdhamAM AcAryonA matabhedo upara kaMIka lakhavAnuM prApta thayuM tyAre temaNe sanmatigata keTalIka mahattvanI gAthAone laIne te gAthAonA vyAkhyAnanA rUpamAM potAnA vicAra prakaTa karI dIdhA che. khuda upAdhyAyajIe ja tanna tattva vikta sammatithafmovaVrayAma:' (pR. 33) kahIne te bhAva spaSTa karI dIdho che. upAdhyAyajIe anekAntavyavasthA Adi aneka prakaraNagranya lakhyA che je jJAnabindunI jema varNanarolImAM che. A zailInuM avalaMbana levAnI preraNA karanArA vedAntakalpalatikA, vedAntasAra, nyAyadIpikA Adi aneka evA grantha hatA jemano temaNe upayoga paNa karyo che.

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jJAnanI sAmAnya carcA granthanuM Abhyantara svarUpa granthanA Abhyantara svarUpano pUro paricaya to tyAre ja saMbhave jyAre tenuM adhyayana arthAt arthagrahaNa karavAmAM Ave ane jJAta arthanuM manana arthAt punaH punaH cintana karavAmAM Ave. tema chatAM A granthanA je adhikArI che temanI buddhine pravezayogya tathA rucisampanna banAvavAnI daSTie ahIM tenA viSayanuM kaMIka svarUpavarNana karavuM jarUrI che. granthakAre jJAnanA svarUpane samajAvavA mATe je mukhya mukhya muddAo para carcA karI che ane pratyeka mukhya muddAnI carcA karatI vakhate prAsaMgikSaNe bIjA muddAo para paNa vicAra karyo che te muddAonuM yathAsaMbhava digdarzana karAvavuM ahIM iSTa che. ame AvuM digdarzana karAvatI vakhate yathAsaMbhava tulanAtmaka ane aitihAsika daSTino upayoga karIzuM jethI abhyAsIgaNa granyakAre carcelA muddAonuM vadhu vizALatA sAthe avagAhana karI zake tathA granthanA ane je TippaNo ApavAmAM AvyAM che temanuM hArda samajavAnI kUMcI paNa pAmI zake. prastuta varNanamAM kAmamAM lIdhelI tulanAtmaka tathA aitihAsika daSTi yathAsaMbhava paribhASA, vicAra ane sAhitya A traNa pradezo sudhI ja sImita raheze. 1. jJAnanI sAmAnya carcA granyakAre granthanI pIThikAracatI vakhate tenA viSayabhUta jJAnanI ja sAmAnyapaNe pahelAM carcA karI che jemAM temaNe bIjA aneka muddAo upara zAstrIya prakAza pADyo che. te muddAo A che - (1) jJAnasAmAnyanuM lakSaNa (2) jJAnanI pUrNa-apUrNa avasthAo tathAte avasthAonAM kAraNo ane pratibandhaka kamanuM vizleSaNa (3) jJAnAvarakakarmanuM svarUpa (4) ekatattvamAM 'AvRtAnAvRtatva'nA virodhano parihAra (5) vedAnta matamAM "AvRtAnAvRtatvanI anupatti (6) apUrNajJAnagata tAratamya tathAtenI nivRttinuM kAraNa (7) kSayopazamanI prakriyA (1) jJAnasAmAnyanuM lakSaNa [1] granyakAre prAraMbhamAM ja jJAnasAmAnyanuM jenasammata evuM svarUpadekhADyuM che ke je eka mAtra AtmAno guNa che ane je svatathA parano prakAzaka che te jJAna che. jenasammata A jJAnasvarUpanIdarzanAntarIya jJAnasvarUpanI sAthe tulanA karatI vakhate AryacintakonI mukhya be vicAradhArAo dhyAnamAM Ave che. pahelI dhArA che sAMkhya ane vedAntamAM ane bIjI dhArA che bauddha, nyAya Adi darzanomAM. prathama dhArA anusAra jJAna guNa ane citrAkti te banneno 1. A rIte catuSkoNa kokamAM ApelA aMka jJAnabindu bhUla granthanI kaMDikAnA sUcaka che.

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74 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana AdhAra eka nathI, kemake puruSa ane brahmane ja temAM cetana mAnavAmAM Avela che jyAre puruSa ane brahmathI atirikta antaHkaraNane ja temAM jJAnano AdhAra mAnavAmAM Avela che. Ama prathama dhArA anusAra cetanA ane jJAna banne bhinna bhinna AdhAragata che. bIjI dhArA caitanya ane jJAnanA AdhAra bhinna bhinna na mAnIne te bannene eka AdhAragata eTale ke kAraNakAryarUpa mAne che. bauddhadarzana cittamAM, jene te nAma kahe che temAM, caitanya ane jJAnanuM astitva mAne che jyAre nyAyadarzana kSaNika cittane badale sthira AtmAmAM ja caitanya ane jJAnanuM astitva mAne che. jainadarzana bIjI vicAradhArAnuM avalaMbI che kema ke eka ja AtmatattvamAM kAraNarUpe cetanAne ane kAryarUpe tenA jJAnaparyAyane mAne che. upAdhyAyajIe te ja bhAvane jJAnane AtmaguNa yA Atmadharma kahIne prakaTa karyo che. (2) jJAnanI pUrNa-apUrNa avasthAo tathA te avasthAonAM kAraNo ane pratibandha karmonuM vizleSaNa : upAdhyAyajIe pachI darzAvyuM che ke jJAna pUrNa paNa hoya che ane apUrNa paNa. ahIM e prazna svAbhAvika che ke jyAre AtmA cetanasvabhAva che tyAre temAM jJAnanI kyAreka apUrNatA ane kyAreka pUrNatA kema ? A praznano uttara ApatI vakhate upAdhyAyajIe karmasvabhAvanuM vizleSaNa karyuM che. temaNe kahyuM che ke [2] AtmA upara eka evuM AvaraNa che je cetanArAktine pUrNapaNe kArya karavA detuM nathI. A ja AvaraNa pUrNa jJAnanuM pratibandhaka hovAthI kevalajJAnAvaraNa kahevAya che. A AvaraNa jema pUrNajJAnano pratibandha kare che tema ja apUrNa jJAnanuM janaka paNa bane che. eka ja kevalajJAnAvaraNane pUrNa jJAnanuM to pratibandhaka ane te ja vakhate apUrNa jJAnanuM janaka paNa mAnavuM joIe. apUrNa jJAnanA mati, zruta Adi cAra prakAra che ane temanAM matijJAnAvaraNa Adi cAra AvaraNa paNa pRthak pRthak manAyAM che. te cAra AvaraNonA kSayoparAmathI ja mati Adi cAra apUrNa jJAnonI utpatti manAya che. to ahIM A apUrNa jJAnonI utpattikevalajJAnAvaraNathI zA mATe mAnavI evo prazna sahaja thAya. teno uttara upAdhyAyajIe zAstrasammata [3] kahIne ja Apyo che, tema chatAM A uttara temanI spaSTa sUjhanuM pariNAma che, kema ke A uttara dvArA upAdhyAyajIe jaina zAstramAM cira pracalita eka pakSAntarano sayuktika nirAsa karI dIdho che. A pakSAntara ema kahe che ke jyAre kevalajJAnAvaraNanA kSayathI mukta AtmAmAM kevaLajJAna prakaTa thAya che tyAre matijJAnAvaraNa Adi cAra AvaraNonA kSayathI kevalImAM mati Adi cAra jJAna paNa kema na mAnavAM ? A praznanA javAbamAM, koI eka pakSa kahe che ke kevalImAM mati Adi cAra jJAna utpanna to thAya che paraMtu teo kevalajJAnathI abhibhUta hovAnA kAraNe kAryakArI nathI. A cirapracilata pakSane niryuktika siddha karavA mATe upAdhyAyajIe eka navI yukti upasthita karI che, te e ke apUrNa jJAna to kevalajJAnAvaraNanuM ja kArya che, pachI bhale ne te apUrNa jJAnanuM tAratamya cA vaividhya matijJAnAvaraNa Adi roSa cAra AvaraNonA kSayoparAmavaividhyanuM kArya kema na hoya, paraMtu apUrNa jJAnAvasthA mAtra pUrNa jJAnAvasthAnA pratibandhaka kevalajJAnAvaraNanA sivAya kyAreya saMbhavatI ja nathI. tethI ja kevalImAM jyAre

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jJAnanI sAmAnya carcA 75 kevalajJAnAvaraNa nathI tyAre tajjanya koI paNa mati Adi apUrNa jJAnakevalImAM hoI ja kevI rIte zake ? na ja hoya. kharekhara upAdhyAyajInI A yukti zAstrAnukUla hovA chatAM paNa upAdhyAyajInA pahelAM koIne A rIte spaSTapaNe sUjhI nathI. (3) jJAnAvaraka karmanuM svarUpa [4] saghana megha ane sUryaprakAranI sAthe kevalajJAnAvaraNa ane cetanArAptinI rAstraprasiddha tulanA dvArA upAdhyAyajIe jJAnAvaraNakarmanA svarUpa vize be vAto khAsa sUcavI che. eka to eka AvaraNakarma eka prakAranuM dravya che ane bIjI e ke te dravya game teTaluM nibiDa yA utkaTa kema na hoya, tema chatAM paNa te ati svaccha abhra jevuM hovAthI potAnA AvArya jJAnaguNane sarvathA AvRta karI rAtuM nathI. karmanA svarUpa aMge bhAratIya cintakonI be paraMparAo che. bauddha, nyAya darzana AdinI eka ane sAMkhya, vedAnta AdinI bIjI. bauddha darzana klezAvaraNa, zeyAvaraNa Adi aneka karmAvaraNone mAne che paraMtu tenA mata anusAra cittanuM A AvaraNa mAtra saMskArarUpa phalita thAya che je dravyasvarUpa nathI. nyAya Adi darzano anusAra paNa jJAnAvaraNa arthAt ajJAna jJAnaguNano prAgabhAva mAtra hovAthI abhAvarUpa ja phalita thAya che, dravyarUpa nahi. tethI UlaTuM sAMkhya, vedAnta anusAra AvaraNa jaDa dravyarUpa avaraya siddha thAya che. sAMkhya anusAra buddhisattvano Avaraka tamoguNa che je eka sUkSma jaDa dravyAMza mAtra che. vedAnta anusAra paNa AvaraNa arthAt ajJAna nAmathI vastutaH eka prakAranuM jaDa dravya ja mAnavAmAM AveluM che jene sAMkhya paribhASA anusAra prakRti yA ataHkaraNa kahI zakAya. vedAnta mUlaajJAna ane avasthAajJAnarUpeyAmUlAvidyA ane tulAvighArUpe anekavidha AvaraNonI kalpanA karI che je AvaraNo jaDa dravyarUpa ja che. jena paraMparA to jJAnAvaraNakarma ho yA bIjAM karmo - badhAMne atyantaspaSTarUpe eka prakAranuM jaDa dravya ja darzAve che. paraMtu tenI sAthe sAthe ja te ajJAnane arthAt rAgadveSAtmaka pariNAmane, je Atmagata che ane je paugalika karmadravyanuM kAraNa tathA kArya paNa che tene, bhAvakarmarUpe bauddha Adi darzanonI jema saMskArAtmaka mAne che.' jenadanaprasiddha jJAnAvaraNIya zabdanA sthAne nIce jaNAvelA zabdo darzanAntaromAM prasiddha che. bauddhadarzanamAM avidyA ane yAvaraNa, sAMkhyayogadarzanamAM avidyA ane prakAzAvaraNa, nyAya-vaizeSika-vedAnta darzanomAM avidyA ane ajJAna. 2. juo tattvasaMgrahapaMjikA, pR. 869. 3. syAdvAdaratnAkara,1101. 4. juo syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 1103. 5. juo vivaraNaprameyasaMgraha, pR. 21, nyAyakumudacandra, pR. 806 6. vedAntaparibhASA, pR. 72. 7. gommadasAra karmakASTha, gAthA6.

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76 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana (4) eka tattvamAM "AvRtAnAvRtatva'nA virodhano parihAra: [.2 5. 3] AvRtatva ane anAvRtatva paraspara viruddha hovAthI koI eka vastumAM eka sAthe rahI zake nahi ane pUrvokta prakriyA anusAra to eka ja cetanA eka ja samaye kevalajJAnAvaraNathI AvRta paNa ane anAvRta paNa manAI che, te kevI rIte ghaTI rAkaro? Ano javAba upAdhyAyajIe anekAnta daSTie Apyo che. temaNe kahyuM che ke jo ke cetanA eka ja che tema chatAM paNa pUrNa ane apUrNa prakAzarUpanAnA jJAno tenA paryAyo che je paryAyocetanAthI kathaMcit bhinAbhinna che. kevalajJAnAvaraNa dvArA pUrNa prakAza AvRta thavAnA samaye ja tenA dvArA apUrNa prakAza anAvRta paNa hoya che. A rIte be bhinna paryAyomAM ja Avatatva ane anAvRtatva che je paryAyArthika daSTie sArI rIte ghaTe che. tema chatAM jyAre dravyArthika daSTinI vivekSA hoya tyAre dravyanI pradhAnatA hovAnA kAraNe pUrNa ane apUrNa jJAnarUpa paryAyo dravyAtmaka cetanAthI bhinna nathI. tethI ja te daSTie ukta be paryAyagata AvRtatva ane anAvRtatvane eka cetanAgata mAnavAmAM koI virodha nathI. upAdhyAyajIe dravyArthikaparyAyArthika daSTino viveka sUcavIne AtmahattvanuM jainadarzanasammata pariNAmitvasvarUpa prakaTa kyuM che je kevala nityatvayAkUTasthatvavAdathI bhinna che. (5) vedAnta matamAM "AvRtAnAvRtatvanI anupasi? [5] upAdhyAyajIe jenadaSTi anusAra "AvRtAnAvRtatvanuM kevaLa samarthana ja nathI karyuM paraMtu A viSayamAM vedAnta matane ekAntavAdI mAnIne tenuM khaMDana paNa kyuM che. jema vedAnta brahmane ekAnta kuTasthanitya mAne che temaja sAMkhyayoga paNa puruSane ekAnta phUTastha ane tethI ja nirlepa, nirvikAra ane niraMrA mAne che. tevI ja rIte nyAya Adi darano paNa AtmAne ekAnta nityajamAne che. to pachI granthakAre ekAntavAdamAM 'AvRtAnAvRtatvanI anupapatti kevaLa vedAnta matanI samAlocanA dvArA ja kema darzAvI? arthAt temaNe sAMkhyayoga Adi matonI paNa samAlocanAkemanakarI?- A prazna avazya thAya che. Ano javAba e jaNAya che ke kevalajJAnAvaraNa dvArA cetanAnI AvRtAnAvRtatva viSayaka prastuta carcAnuM jeTaluM sAmya (zabdataH ane arthataH) vedAnta darzana sAthe che teTaluM sAMkhya Adi darzano sAthe nathI jenA darzana zuddha cetanatattvane mAnIne temAM kevalajJAnAvaraNanI sthiti mAne che ane te cetanane te kevalajJAnAvaraNano viSaya paNa mAne che. jene mata anusAra kevalajJAnAvaraNa cetanatattvamAM ja rahIne anya padArthonI jemasvAzraya cetanane paNa AvRta kare che jethI sva-paraprakAzakacetanAna to potAne pUrNa prakAzita karI zake che ke na to anya padArthone pUrNa prakAzita karI zake che. vedAnta matanI prakriyA paNa tevI ja che. te paNa ajJAnane zuddha cidU5brahmamAM ja sthita mAnIne tene teno viSaya darzAvIne kahe che ke ajJAna brahmaniSTa thaIne ja tene AvRta kare che jethI teno akhaMDatva AdirUpe to prakAza thaI zakto nathI tema chatAM cipe to prakAza thAya che ja. jenA prakriyAnAM zuddhacetana ane kevalajJAnAvaraNa tathA vedAnta prakriyAnAM cipa brahma ane ajJAna padArthamAM jeTaluM adhika sAmya che teTaluM zAbdika ane Arthika sAmya jaina prakriyAnuM anya sAMkhya Adi prakriyAnI sAthe nathI, kemake sAMkhya yA bIjA koI darzananI prakriyAmAM ajJAna

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apUrNajJAnagata tAratamya ane tenI nivRttinuM kAraNa dvArA cetanayA AtmAnA AvRta-anAvRta hovAno evo spaSTa ane vistRta vicAra nathI jevo vedAnta prakriyAmAM che. A kAraNe upAdhyAyajIe jaina prakriyAnuM samarthana ryA pachI tenI sAthe ghaNA aMzomAM sAmya dharAvatI vedAnta prakriyAnuM khaMDana kyuM che paraMtu darzanAntarIya prakriyAnA khaMDanano prayatnaryo nathI. upAdhyAyajIe vedAnta matano nirAsa karatI vakhate tenA be pakSono pUrvapakSarUpe ullekha karyo che. temaNe pahelo pakSa vivaraNAcAryano [5] ane bIjo pakSa vAcaspati mizrano [6] sUcita karyo che. vastutaH vedAnta darzanamAM te banne pakSo bahu pahelethI pracalita che. brahmane ja ajJAnano Azraya ane viSaya mAnanAro prathama pakSa surezvarAcAryanI vaiSkarmesiddhi ane temanA ziSya sarvajJAtmamuninA saMkSepazArIrakavArtika'mAM savistara varNavAyelo che. jIvane ajJAnano Azraya ane brahmane teno viSaya mAnanAro bIjo pakSa maMDana mizrano kahevAyo che. AvuM hovA chatAM paNa upAdhyAyajIe pahelA pakSane vivaraNAcAryano arthAt prakAzAtma yatino sUcavyo che ane bIjA pakSane vAcaspati mizrano sUcavyo che. AnuM kAraNa khuda vedAnta darzananI tevI prasiddhi che. vivaraNAcArye surezvaranA matanuM samarthana karyuM ane vAcaspati mizra maMDana mizranA matanuM. tethI te baMne pakSo kramazaH vivaraNAcArya ane vAcaspati mizranA prasthAnarUpe prasiddha thayA. upAdhyAyajIe A prasiddhi anusAra ullekha karyo che. samAlocanAnA prastuta muddA aMge upAdhyAyajInuM kahevuM eTaluM ja che ke jo vedAnta darzana brahmane sarvathA niraMza ane kUTastha svaprakAza mAne che to te temAM ajJAna dvArA koI paNa rIte 'AvRtAnAvRtatva ghaTADI zake ja nahi, jevI rIte jaina darzana ghaTAvI rAkhe che tema. (6) apUrNajJAnagata tAratamya ane tenI nivRttinuM kAraNa [7] jainadaSTi anusAra eka ja cetanAmAM 'AvRtAnAvRtatvanI upapattiryA pachI paNa upAdhyAyajInI sAme eka vicAraNIya prazna Ubho thayo. te e ke kevalajJAnAvaraNa cetanAnA pUrNaprakAzane AvRta karavAnI sAthe ja jo apUrNaprakAzane pedA karatuM hoya to te apUrNaprakAza ekamAtra kevalajJAnAvaraNarUpakAraNathI janya hovAnA kAraNe eka ja prakArano saMbhavIrAke kema ke kAraNavidhya vinA kAryavaividhya saMbhave nahi, paraMtu jaina zAstra ane anubhava to kahe che ke apUrNa jJAna avazya tAratamyayukta ja hoya che. pUrNatAmAM ekarUpatAnuM hovuM saMgata che paraMtu apUrNatAmAM to ekarUpatA asaMgata che. AvI dazAmAM apUrNa jJAnanA tAratamyano khulAso zuM che te Apa jaNAvo. Ano javAba ApatAM upAdhyAyajIe asala rahasya e ja darzAvyuM che ke apUrNa jJAna kevalajJAnAvaraNajanita hovAthI sAmAnyapaNe ekarUpa ja che, tema chatAM paNa temanAM avAntara tAratamyanuMkAraNa anyAvaraNa saMbaMdhI kSayopazamonuM vaividhya che. ghanameghAvRta sUryano apUrNa arthAt manda prakAza paNa vastra, kada, bhIMta Adi upAdhibhedanA kAraNe anekarUpa dekhAya ja che. tethI ja matijJAnAvaraNa Adi anya AvaraNonA vividha kSayopazamothI arthAt viralatAothI manda prakAranuM tAratamya saMgata che. jyAre ekarUpa manda prakAza paNa 8. juo jJAnabindunuM TippaNa pR. 55 paMkti 25thI.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana upAdhibhedanA kAraNe citravicitra saMbhave che tyAre e arthAt ja siddha thaI jAya che ke te upAdhio dUra thaI jatAM te vaividhya paNa khatama thaI jAya che. jyAre kevalajJAnAvaraNa kSINa thaI jAya che tyAre bAramA guNasthAnanA ane anya mati Adi cAra AvaraNa ane temanA kSayopazamAM paNa rahetA nathI. tethI te vakhate apUrNa jJAnanI tathA targata tAratamyanI paNa nivRtti thaI ja jAya che. jema sAndra meghapaTala tathA vastra Adi upAdhiona rahetAM sUryano manda prakAza ane tenuM vaividhyakaMI paNa rahetuM nathI, ekamAtra pUrNa prakArA ja svataH prakaTa thAya che, tevI ja rIte te vakhate cetanA paNa svataH pUrNapaNe prakAzamAna thAya che ane A ja to kevalyajJAnAvasthA che. upAdhinI nivRtti dvArA upAdhikRta avasthAonI nivRtti darzAvatI vakhate upAdhyAyajIe AcArya haribhadranA kathanano havAlo ApIne AdhyAtmika vikAsakramanA svarUpa upara jANavAlAyaka prakAza pADyo che. temanA kathanano sAra e che ke AtmAnA aupAdhika paryAya arthAt dharma paNa traNa prakAranA che. jAti, gati Adi paryAyakevaLakarmodayarUpa upAdhithI pedA thAya che. tethI teo potAnAM kAraNabhUta aghAtIrmo sarvathA dUra thatAM ja muktinA samaye nivRtta thAya che. kSamA, santoSa Adi tathA matijJAna Adi evA paryAyo che je kSayo parAmajanya che. tAttvika dharmasaMnyAsanI prApti thatAM AThamA vagere guNasthAnomAM jema jema karmanA kSayopazamanuM sthAnakarmano kSaya leto jAya che tema tema kSayopazamarUpa upAdhinAna rahevAthI te paryAyomAMthI tanyavaividhya paNa cAlyuM jAya che. je paryAyo karmakSayajanya hovAthI kSAyika arthAt pUrNa ane ekarUpa ja che te paryAyonuM paNa astitva jo dehavyApArAdirUpa upAdhisahita hoya to te pUrNa paryAyonuM paNa astitva muktimAM (jyAM dehAdi upAdhio hotI ja nathI) rahe nahi. arthAt te vakhate eTale ke muktimAM te pUrNa paryAyo hoya to che paraMtu soyAdhika nathI hotA, jemake sadeha kSAyicAritra paNa muktimAM manAtuM nathI. upAdhyAyajIe ukta carcA dvArA e dekhADyuM che ke AtmaparyAyavaibhavika arthAt udayajanya ho ke svAbhAvika paraMtu jo teo sopAdhika hoya to potapotAnI upAdhi dUra thatAM teonarahe. mukta dazAmAM badhA paryAyo badhI jAtanI bAhya upAdhiothI mukta ja manAyA che. upAdhyAyajIe jainaprakriyAnusArI je bhAva jaina paribhASAmAM dekhADyo che te ja bhAva paribhASAbhedathI anya bhAratIya darzanomAM paNa yathAvat dekhAya che. badhAM darzano AdhyAtmika vikAsakrama darzAvatI vakhate saMkSepamAM utkaTa mumukSA, jIvanmukti ane videhamukti A traNa avasthAone samAnapaNe mAne che, ane te badhAM darzano jIvanmukta sthitimAM jyAre kleza ane mohano sarvathA abhAva hoya che ane pUrNajJAna prApta thAya che tyAre vipAkArambhI AyuSa Adi karmanI upAdhinA kAraNe dehadhAraNa ane jIvananuM astitva mAne che, vaLI te badhAM darzano mAne che ke jyAre videhamukti prApta thAya che tyAre ukta AyuSa Adi karmanI upAdhi sarvathA na rahevAthI tajajanya dehadhAraNa Adi kAryano abhAva hoya che. ukta traNa avasthAone spaSTapaNe darzAvanArI dArzanika paribhASAonI tulanAnIce ApI che : .

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kSayaparAmanI prakriyA * 1. utkaTa mumukSA 2. jIvanmukti 3.vikehamukti 1. jenA tAttvika dharmasanyAsa, yogi-ayogi- mukti, siddhatva kSapakazreNI guNasthAna, sarvajJatva, attva 2. sAMkhyayoga paravairAgya, prasaMkhyAna, asaMprajJAta, svarU5pratiSasaMprajJAta dharmamegha citi,kevalya. 3. bauddha klezAvaraNahAni, zeyAvaraNahAni, nirvANa,nirAzraya nairAbhyadarzana sarvajJatva, ahaMndra, cirasannati. 4 nyAya-vaizeSika yuktayogI vimuktayogI apavarga 5. vedAnta nirvikalpa samAdhi brahmasAkSAtkAra, svarU5lAbha, brahmaniSThatva. mukti dArzanika itihAsa dvArA jANa thAya che ke dareka darzananI potapotAnI ukta paribhASA bahu prAcIna che. tethI temanAthI sUcavAtA vicArotone to temanAthI ya vadhu prAcIna samajavA joIe. (7) kSayapAmanI prakriyA [8] upAdhyAyajIe jJAnasAmAnyanI carcAno upasaMhAra karatI vakhate jJAnanirUpaNamAM vAraMvAra AvanAra kSayopama zabdano bhAva darzAvyo che. eka mAtra jaina sAhityamAM maLatA ' kSayo parAma zabdanuM vivaraNa temaNe AhaMta matanuM rahasya jANanArAonI prakriyA anusAra tenI ja paribhASAmAM kyuM che. temaNe ati vistRta ane ati vizada varNana dvArA je rahasya udghATita ryuM che te zvetAmbara-digambara bane paraMparAone ekasarakhuM mAnya che. pUjyapAde potAnI lAkSaNika rolImAM kSayopazamanuM svarUpa ati saMkSepamAM spaSTa karyuM che. rAjavArtikakAre tenA upara vaLI vadhu prakAza pADyo che. paraMtu A viSayanuM jeTaluM ane jevuM vistRta tathA virAda varNana zvetAmbarIya granthomAM, khAsa karIne malayagirIyaTIkAomAM, maLe che teTaluM ane tevuM vistRta tathA virAda varNana ame Aja sudhI koI paNa digambarIya prAcIna-arvAcIna granthamAM joyuM nathI. je ho te, paraMtu zvetAmbara-digambara baMne paraMparAonuM prastuta viSayamAM vicAra ane paribhASAnuM aikya sUcave che ke kSayopazamaviSayaka prakriyA anya keTalIya prakriyAonI jema bahu prAcIna che ane tene jenatattvajJoe ja A rUpamAM ATalI badhI vikasAvI che. kSayo parAmanI prakriyAnuM mukhya vaktavya eTaluM ja che ke adhyavasAyanI vividhatA ja karmagatavividhatAnuM kAraNa che. jevI jevI rAgadveSAdikanI tIvratAyA mandatA tevuM tevuM ja karmanI vipAkajanaka zaktinuM arthAt rasanuM tIvratva yA marjatva. karmanI zubhAzubhatAnA tAratamyano AdhAra ekamAtra adhyavasAyanI zuddhi tathA azuddhinuM tAratamyaja che. jyAre adhyavasAyamAM 9. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa pU. 62. .

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana saMklezanI mAtrA tIvra hoya tyAre tajjanya azubha karmamAM azubhatA tIvra hoya che ane tajanya zubha karmamAM zubhatA manda hoya che. enAthI UlaTuM, jyAre adhyavasAyamAM vizuddhinI mAtrA vadhavAnA kAraNe saMklezanI mAtrA manda thaI jAya che tyAre tajanyazubhakarmamAM zubhatAnI mAtrA to tIvra thAya che ane tajajanya azubha karmamAM azubhatA manda thaI jAya che. adhyavasAyanuM evuM paNa baLa che jenA kAraNe keTalAka tIvratamavipAkI kamazano to udaya dvArA ja nirmulanA thaI jAya che ane keTalAka evA ja kamazavidyamAna hovA chatAM paNa akiMcitkara banI jAya che, tathA mandavipAkI karmo ja anubhavamAM Ave che. A ja sthiti kSayopazamanI che. upara karmazakti ane tenA kAraNanA saMbaMdhamAM je jene siddhAnta darzAvavAmAM Avyo che te zabdAntarathI ane rUpAntarathI (bhale saMkSepamAMto saMkSepamAM) badhA punarjanmavAdIdarzanAntaromAM maLe che. nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya ane bauddhadarzanomAM e spaSTa darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke jevI rAga-dveSa-moharUpakAraNanI tIvratA-majatA tevI dharmAdharmayAkarmasaMskAronI tIvratA-madatA. vedAnta darzana paNa jaina-sammata karmanI tIvra-manda zaktinI jema ajJAnagata nAnAvidha tIvramanda zaktionuM varNana kare che, je tattvajJAnanI utpattinI pahelAMthI laIne tattvajJAnanI utpattinI pachI paNa yathAsaMbhava kAma kare che. bIjAM badhAM darzanonI apekSAe ukta viSayamAM jenA darzananI sAthe yogadarzananuM adhika sAmya che. yogadarzanamAM klezonI prasukha, tanu, vicchinna ane udAra e je cAra avasthAo darzAvI che te jaina paribhASA anusAra karmanI sattAgata, aupasamika, kSAyopathamika ane audayika avasthAo che. tethI ja khuda upAdhyAyajIe pAtaMjalayogasUtro uparanI potAnI saMkSipta vRttimAM pataMjali ane temanA bhASyakAranI karmaviSayaka vicArasaraNI tathA paribhASAo sAthe jana prakriyAnI tulanA karI che, je khAsa jANI levI joIe. juo yogadarzana, yazovijaya 2.4. AbadhuM hovA chatAM paNa rmaviSayaka jainetara varNana ane jaina varNanamAM khAsa aMtara paNa dekhAya che. paheluM to e ke jeTaluM vistRta. jeTaluM vizada ane jeTaluM pRthakkaraNavALuM varNana jena granthomAM che teTaluM vistRta, vizaTha ane pRthakkaraNayukta varNanakoI anya jainetara sAhityamAM nathI. bIjuM aMtara e che ke jenacittakoe amUrta adhyavasAyo athavA pariNAmonI tIvratAmandatA tathA zuddhi-azuddhinA duraha tAratamyane pIgalika0 arthAt mUrta karmaracanAo dvArA 10. nyAyasUtranAvyAkhyAkAroe adaSTanA svarUpanA saMbaMdhamAM pUrvapakSarUpe ekamatano nirdeza karyo che jemAM temaNe kahyuM che ke koI adaIne paramANugaNa mAnanArA paNa che - nyAyabhASya 3.2.69. vAcaspati mitre te matane spaSTapaNe jainamata ko che (tAtparyaTIkA pU. 584). jayanta (nyAyamaMjarI, pramANabhA, pU. 255) paNa pagalika adaSTavAdI tarIke janamatane ja darzAvyo che ane pachI te badhA vyAkhyAkAroe te matanI samAlocanA karI che. evuM jaNAya che ke nyAyasUtrano koI paNa vyAkhyAtA adaNaviSayaka janamatane barAbara samajyo nathI. jaina darzana mukhyapaNe adaIne AtmapariNAma ja mAne che. teNe pugalone je karmayA adaSTa kahela che te to upacAra che. jaina zAstromAM AsavajanyayA AsavajanakarUpe pIdgalika karmano je vistRta vicAra che ane karmanI sAthe pudgala zabdanone vAraMvAra prayogadekhAya che tenA kAraNe vAsyAyana Adi badhA vyAkhyAkAro bhrAntivAyA adhUrA jJAnavara khaMDanamAM pravRtta thayA jaNAya che.

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mati-butajJAnanI carcA vyakta karavAno ane samajAvavAno je prayatna karyo che te anya koI cintake ryo nathI. A ja kAraNe jaina vADmayamAM karmaviSayaka eka svata-sAhityarAzi cirakALathI vikasyo che. 2. mati-zruta jJAnanI carcA jJAnanI sAmAnyapaNe carcA karyA pachI granthakAre tenI vizeSa vicAraNA karavAnI daSTie tenA pAMca bhedomAMthI prathama mati ane zrutanuM nirUpaNa karyuM che. jo ke varNanakramanI daSTie matijJAnanuM pUrepUruM nirUpaNa karyA pachI ja zratanuM nirUpaNa Ave tema chatAM mati ane zrutanAM svarUpa ekabIjAthI eTalAM viviktanathIke ekanA nirUpaNa vakhate bIjAnA nirUpaNane TALI zakAya, A kAraNe ja bannenI carcA sAthe sAthe karI dIdhI che [pR. 16 paM. 6]. A carcAnA AdhAre tathA te bhAga upara saMgRhIta aneka TippaNonA AdhAre je khAsa khAsa muddAo upara ahIM vicAra karavo che te muddAo A che - (1) mati ane zrutanI bhedarekhAno prayatna (2) kRtanizrita ane amRtanizrita matino prazna (3) caturvidha vAkyArthajJAnano itihAsa (4) ahiMsAnA svarUpano vicAra tathA vikAsa (5) pasyAnapatitatva ane pUrvagata gAthA (6) matijJAnanA vizeSa nirUpaNamAM navo UhApoha. (1) mati ane zrutanI bhedarekhAno prayatna jenakarmazAstranA prAraMbhika samayathI ja jJAnAvaraNIyakarmanA pAMca bhedomAM matijJAnAvaraNa ane zrutajJAnAvaraNa e be uttara pravRtio taddana judI mAnavAmAM AvI che. tethI ja e paNa siddha che ke te be prakRtinA AvAryarUpa manAyelAM mati ane zruta jJAno paNa svarUpamAM ekabIjAthI bhinna ja zAstrakArone iSTa che. mati ane zrutanA pArasparika bhedanA viSayamAM to purAkALathI ja koI matabheda hato nahi ane Aje paNa temAM koI matabheda dekhAto nathI, paraMtu te bannenuM svarUpa eTaluM badhuM saMmizrita che yA ekabIjAnI eTaluM badhuM nikaTa che ke te bannenI vacce bhedaka rekhA sthira karavI bahu ja kaThina che; ane kyAreka kyAreka to te kArya asaMbhava jevuM banI jAya che. mati ane zrutanI vacce bheda che ke nahi, jo che to tenI sImAkevI rIte nirdhArita karavI, A aMge vicAra karanArA traNa prayatno jaina vADmayamAM dekhAya che. pahelo prayatna AgamAnusArI che, bIjo AgamamUlaka tArkika che, ane trIjo zuddhatArkika che. [49] pahelA prayatna anusAra matijJAna te kahevAya che je indriya-manojanya che tathA avagraha Adi cAra vibhAgomAM vibhakta che, ane zrutajJAnate kahevAya che je aMgapraviSTa ane aMgabAhyarUpe jaina paraMparAmAM lokottara zAstranA nAmathI prasiddha che tathA je jainetara vAlmaya laukika zAstra kahevAya che. A prayatnamAM mati ane zratanI bhedarekhA suspaSTa che, kema ke temAM zrutapada jene paraMparAnA prAcIna ane pavitra manAtA zAstra mAtra sAthe pradhAnapaNe saMbaMdha dharAve

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana che, jemAM tenuM sahodara zrutipada vaidika paraMparAnAM prAcIna ane pavitra manAtAM zAstro sAthe saMbaMdha dharAve che. A prayatna Agamika eTalA mATe che kema ke temAM mukhyapaNe AgamaparaMparAnuM ja anusaraNa che. "anuyogadvAra tathA 'tAryAdhigamasUtra'mAM maLatuM zratanuM varNana A prayatnanuM phaLa che, je bahu prAcIna jaNAya che. (juo anuyogakArasUtra sUtra 3thI ane tattvArthAdhigamasUtra 1.20). [15, 29thI bIjA prayatnamAM mati ane zrutanI bhedarekhAto mAnI ja lIdhI che paraMtu temAM je mukelI dekhAya che te che bhedarekhAnuM sthAna nizcita karavAnI pahelAnI apekSAe bIjo prayatna vizeSa vyApaka che kemake pahelA prayatna anusAra zrutajJAna jyAre zabda sAthe ja saMbaMdha dharAve che tyAre bIjA prayatnamAM rAbdAtIta jJAnavizeSane paNa mRta mAnI lIdhela che. bIjA prayatna sAme prazna khaDo thayo ke jo matijJAnamAM paNa koI aMza sazabda ane koI aMrA azabda che to pachI sazabda ane zabdAtIta mAnavAmAM AvatA zrutajJAnathI teno bheda kevI rIte samajavo? Ano javAba bIjA prayatna UMDANamAM jaIne e Apyoke asalamAM mahilabdhi ane zrutalabdhitathA matyupayoga ane mRtopayoga paraspara taddana pRthapha che, bhalene te banne jJAna sazabda ane azabdarUpe ekasamAna hoya. bIjA prayatna anusAra bane jJAnano pArasparika bheda labdhi ane prayoganA bhedanI mAnyatA para ja avalaMbita che je mAnyatA jenatattvajJAnamAM cirapracalita che. akSara zrata ane anakSara vyutarUpe je zrutanA bhedo jena vAlmayamAM che te A bIjA prayatnanuM pariNAma che. "Avazayakaniryukti" (gAthA 19) ane "nandIsUtra" (sUtra 37)mAM je 'ad sanI ' Adi cauda mRtabhedo sauprathama jovAmAM Ave che ane je koI prAcIna digambarIya granthamAM amArA jovAmAM nathI AvyA temanAmAM akSara ane anakSara zrata A be bheda sauprathama ja Ave che. bAkInA bAra bheda te ja be bhedonA AdhAra upara apekSAvizeSathI gaNAvyA che, eTale sudhI ke prathama prayatnanA phalasvarUpa manAyela aMgapraviSTa ane aMgabAhya zruta paNa bIjA prayatnanA phalasvarUpa je mukhya akSara ane anakSara zrata che temAM ja samAI jAya che. jo ke akSarakRta Adi cauda prakAranA mRtano nirdeza 'Avazyaka niryukti tathA 'nandInA pUrvavartI granthomAM dekhAto nathI tema chatAM te cauda bhedonA AdhArabhUta akSarAnakSara zrutanI kalpanA to prAcIna ja jaNAya che, kemake "vizeSAvazyakabhASya' (gAthA 117)mAM pUrva tarUpe je gAthA levAmAM AvI che temAM akSarano nirdeza spaSTa che. tevI ja rIte digambara-zvetAmbara bane paraMparAnA karmasAhityamAM samAnapaNe varNavAyela zratanA vIsa prakAromAM paNa akSaradyutano nirdeza che. akSara ane anakSara mRtanuM vistRta varNana tathA bannenA bhedonuM pradarzana niryukti'nA AdhAre zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa karyuM che. bhaTTa akaleke paNa akSarAnakSara zrutano ullekha tathA temanuM nirvacana "rAjavArtika mAM kyuM che, jo ke sarvArthasiddhimAM prApta thatuM nathI. jinabhadra tathA akalaMka bannee akSarAnakSara mRtanuM vyAkhyAna toLyuM che paraMtu bannenuM vyAkhyAna ekasarakhuM nathI. je hoya te, paraMtu eTaluM to nizcita che ja ke 11. juo vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 464thI. 12. jIorAjavArtika, 1.20.15.

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83 mati ane zrutanI bhedarekhAno prayatna mati ane zruta jJAnanI bhedarekhA sthira karanArA bIjA prayatnanA vicAramAM akSarAkSara vyutarUpe saMpUrNa mUka-vAcAlajJAnanuM pradhAna sthAna rahyuM che jyAre te bhedarekhA sthira karanArA prathama prayatnanA vicAramAMkevaLa zAstrajJAna ja mRtarUpa rahyuM che. bIjA prayatnane AgamAnusArI tArkika eTalA mATe kahevAmAM Avyo che kemake temAM Agamika paraMparAsammata mati ane zrutanA bhedane to mAnI ja lIdho che paraMtu te bhedanA samarthanamAM tathA bhedarekhA AMkvAnA prayatnamAM zuM zvetAmbara ke zuM digambara badhAe ghaNI badhI doDa tarkamArga para lagAvI che. [50] trIjo prayatna zuddha tArkika che je kevaLa siddhasena divAkarano ja jaNAya che. temaNe to mati ane zrutanA bhedane ja mAnya rAkhyo nathI. tethI ja temaNe bhedarekhA sthira karavAno prayatna paNa nathI. divAkarano A prayatna AgamanirapekSa tarvAvalaMbI che. Avo koI zuddha tArkika prayatna digambara vAlmamAM jovAmAM Avato nathI. mati ane kRtano abheda darzAvanAro A prayatna siddhasena divAkaranI khAsa vizeSatA sUcave che. A vizeSatA e che ke temanI daSTi vizeSapaNe abhegAminI rahI che je te yugamAM pradhAnapaNe pratiSThita advaita bhAvanAnuM phaLa jaNAya che kemake temaNe kevaLamati ane zrutamAM ja Agamasiddha bhedarekhA viruddhataryo nathI paraMtu avadhi ane mana:paryAyamAM tathA kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzanamAM mAnavAmAM AvatA Agamasiddhabhedane paNa tarkanA baLanA AdhAre amAnyaryo che. upAdhyAyajIe mati ane zrutanI carcA karatI vakhate temano bheda, temanA bhedanI sImA ane temano abheda e vize potAnA samaya sudhInA jaina vAlmayamAM je kaMI cintana maLatuM hatuM te badhAno potAnI viziSTa zailIthI upayoga karIne, uparyukta traNe prayatnonuM samarthana sUkSmatApUrvakaryuM che. upAdhyAyajInI sUkSmadaSTi pratyeka prayatnanA AdhArabhUta daSTibindu sudhI pahoMcI jAya che. tethI te paraspara virodhI jaNAtA pakSabhedonuM paNa samarthanarI zake che. jenA vidvAnomAM upAdhyAyajI ja eka evA thayA jemaNe mati ane zrutanI Agamasiddha bhedarekhAne barAbara darzAvavAnI sAthe sAthe ja siddhasenanA abhedagAmI pakSane 'navya' zabda [50] dvArA zleSathI navIna ane stutya sUcavIne sUkSma ane hRdayaMgama tArkika rolIthI samarthana karyuM. mati ane zratanI bhedarekhA sthira karanAra ane te bhedarekhAne miTAvI denAra evA traNa prayatnonuM je upara varNana karyuM che tenI danAntarIya jJAnamImAMsA sAthe jyAre ApaNe tulanA karIe chIe tyAre bhAratIya tattvajJonA cintanano vikAsakrama tathAtenI ekabIjA para paDelI asara spaSTapaNe dhyAnamAM Ave che. prAcInatama samayathI bhAratIya dArzanika paraMparAo Agamane svatantra evuM alaga ja pramANa mAnatI rahI. sauprathama kadAca tathAgata buddhe ja AgamanA svataMtra prAmANya aMge vAMdho uThAvyo ane spaSTapaNe ghoSaNA karI ke tame loko mArAM vacanone paNa anubhava ane tarkathI parIkSAryA pachI jamAno 16 pratyakSAnubhava ane tarka 13. juo nizcayadrAtrizikA, zloka 19; jJAnabindu, pR. 16. 14. juo nizcayadrAviMzikA, zloka 17; jJAnabindu, pR. 18. 15. juo sanmatino bIjo kASTha tathA jJAnabi6, pR. 33. 16. tApIrachedrItta niSat suvarNamiva pataii: vIphTa mikSa prAM madUvo na tuauravat II tattvasaMgraha, kArikA 3588.

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84 jJAnabijUnuM parizIlana para buddha dvArA eTalo badho bhAra apAvAnA pariNAme AgamanA svatannaprAmANya viruddha eka bIjI paNa vicAradhArA praphuTita thaI. Agamane svataMtra ane alaga pramANa mAnanArI vicAradhArA prAcInatama hatI je mImAMsA, nyAya ane sAMkhyayoga darzanomAM Aja paNa akSuNa che, Agamane atirikta pramANana mAnavAnI preraNA karanArI bIjI vicAradhArA jo ke apekSAkRta pachInI che, tema chatAM teno svIkAra kevaLa bauddha saMpradAya sudhI ja sImita na rahyo. tenI asara AgaLa jaIne vairoSika darzananA vyAkhyAkAro upara paNa paDI jenA pariNAme temaNe AgamapramANa arthAt zrutipramANano samAveza bauddhonI jema anumAnamAM ja karI dIdho 7. Ama Agamane atirikta pramANana mAnavAnA viSayamAM, bauddha ane vaizeSika bane darzano mULamAM paraspara viruddha hovA chatAM paNa aviruddha sahodara banI gayA. 'jaina paraMparAnI jJAnamImAMsAmAM ukta banne vicAradhArAo mojUda che. mati ane zratanI bhinnatA mAnanArA tathA tenI bhedarekhA sthira karanArA upara varNavAyela Agamika tathA AgamAnusArI tArkika A banne prayatnonA mULamAM te ja saMskAro che je Agamane svataMtra ane atirikta pramANa mAnanArI prAcInatama vicAradhArAnA poSaka rahyA che. zratane matithI alaga na mAnIne tene teno eka prakAra mAtra sthApita karanAro divAkarazrIno trIjo prayatna Agamane atirikta pramANa na mAnanArI bIjI vicAradhArAnI asarathI aspaSTa nathI. A rIte ApaNe joI zakIe chIe ke potAnI sahodara anya dArzanika paraMparAonI vacce ja jIvanadhAraNa karanArI tathAphaLavAphUlavAvALI jena paraMparAe kevI rIte te banne vicAradhArAono potAnAmAM kAlakrame samAveza karI dIdho. (2) cutanizcita ane azrutanizcita matiH [16] matijJAnanI carcAnA prasaMge mutanizrita ane amRtanizcita bhedano prazna paNa vicAraNIya che. mRtanizcita matijJAnate che jemAM zrutajJAnajanyavAsanAno ubodha thavAthI vizeSatA Ave che. amRtanizrita matijJAna to zrutajJAnajanya vAsanAnA prabodha vinA ja utpanna thAya che. arthAt je viSayanuM mRtanizcita matijJAna thAya che te viSaya pahelAM kyAreka upalabdha avaya thayo hoya che jyAre amRtanizcita matijJAnano viSaya pahelAM anupalabdha hoya che. have prazna e che ke "jJAnabindumAM upAdhyAyajIe matijJAnanA je mRtanizrita ane 17. juo prazastapAdabhASya, pR. 576, vyomavatI, pR. 577; kanDalI pR. 213. 18. jo ke divAkarazrIe potAnI batrIsI(nizcaya. 19)mAM mati ane zrutano abheda sthApita karyo che tema chatAM temaNe cirapracalita matiyutanA bhedanI sarvathA avagaNanA karI nathI. temaNe nyAyAvatAramAM AgamapramANane svatannarUpe nirdiSTa karela che. evuM jaNAya che ke AsthAne divAkarazrIe prAcIna paraMparAnuM anusaraNa kyuM ane ukta batrIsImAM potAno svatanna mata vyakta ryo. A rIte divAkarazrInA granthomAM AgamapramANane svataMtra atirikta mAnavA ane na mAnavAvALI bane darzanAntarIya vicAradhArAo jovAmAM Ave che jemano svIkAra jJAnabindumAM upAdhyAyajIe paNa karyo che. 19. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa pR. 70.

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85 cutanizcita ane amRtanizcita mati azrutanizcita be bhedonuM uparyukta spaSTIkaraNa kyuM che temanuM aitihAsika sthAna zuM che? Ano khulAso e jaNAya che ke ukta bane bheda eTalA prAcIna nathI jeTalA prAcIna matijJAnanA avagraha Adi anya bheda che kemake matijJAnanA avagraha Adi tathA bahu, bahuvidha Adi badhA prakAra zvetAmbara-digambara vAlmayamAM samAna5Ne varNavAyelA che, jyAre mRtanizrita ane amRtanizritanuM varNana eka mAtra zvetAmbarIya granthomAM che. zvetAmbara sAhityamAM paNa A be bhedonuM varNana sauprathama "nandIsUtramAM ja jovAmAM Ave che. "anuyogadvAra mAM tathA 'niryukti sudhImAM mRtanizcita ane azrutanizcitanA ullekhanuM na hovuM e sUcave che ke A bheda saMbhavataH "nandI'nI racanAnA samayathI vizeSa prAcIna nathI. saMbhava che ke te sUjha khuda nandIkAranI ja hoya. ahIM vAcaka umAsvAtinA samaya aMge vicAra karanArAo mATe dhyAnamAM levAyogya eka vastu che. te e ke vAcakazrIe jyAre matijJAnanA anya badhA prakAronuM varNana karyuM che22 tyAre temaNe zrutanizrita ane amRtanizritano potAnA bhASya sudhdhAMmAM ullekha paNa karyo nathI. vAcakazrI pote, AcAryazrI hemacandra kahe che tema, kharekhara utkRSTa saMgrAhaka22 che. jo temanI sAme vartamAna nandIsUtra' hota to te vyutanizrita ane azrutanizritano kyAMka ne kyAMka saMgraha karavAnuM bhAgye ja cUta. amRtanizritanI autpattikIanayikI Adi je cAra buddhionuM tathA temanAM manoraMjaka daSTAntonuM varNana pahelethI maLe che, temane potAnA granthamAM kyAMka ne kyAMka saMgRhIta karavAno lobha umAsvAti bhAgye ja rokI zakyA hota. eka bAju, vAcakazrIe kyAMya paNa akSara-akSara Adi niryuktinirdiSTa vyutabhedono saMgraha karyo nathI ane bIjI tarapha kyAMya paNa nandIvarNita zrutanizrita ane amRtanizcita matabhedono saMgraha paNa karyo nathI. paraMtu uttaravartI vizeSAvazyabhASyamAM banne prakArano saMgraha ane temanuM varNana jovAmAM Ave che.25 A vastu sUcave che ke saMbhavataH vAcaka umAsvAtino samaya niryuktinA te bhAganI racanAnA samayathI tathAnandInI racanAnA samayathI kaMIkane kaMIka pUrvavartI che. astu, je hoya te, 20. jo ke amRtanizcitarUpa manAtI autpattikI Adi cAra buddhiono nAmanirdeza bhagavatI(12.5)mAM ane Avazyakaniryukti(gAyA 938)mAM che, je avazya naMdInI pUrvenI racanAo che, tema chatAM tyAM te buddhione amRtanizcita zabdathI nirdezavAmAM AvI nathI ane bhagavatI AdimAM anyatra kyAMya mRtanizcita zabdathI avagraha Adi matijJAnanuM varNana nathI. tethI ja A kalpanA thAya che ke avagrahAdirUpe prasiddha matijJAna ane autpattikI Adi rUpe prasiddha buddhionI kramazaH mRtanizrita ane amRtanizcitarUpe matijJAnanI vibhAgavyavasthAnaMdIkAre ja kadAcakarI hoya. 21. juonandIsUtra, sUtra 26; tathA jJAnabindu TippaNa, pR. 70. 22. juo tattvArthasUtra, 1.13-19. 23. juo siddhahema, 2.2.39 24. dAnto mATe junandI sUtranI malayagirikRta TIkA, pR. 144thI. 25. juo vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAyA 169thI AgaLa tathA gAthA454thI.

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phALabindunuM parizIlana paraMtu upAdhyAyajIe to jJAnabindumAM mRtathImatinuM pArthakyadarzAvatI vakhate nandImAM varNita tathA vizeSAvAyakabhASyamAM vyAkhyAta zrutanizrita ane amRtanizrita bane bhedonI tAttvika samIkSA karI che. (3) caturvidha vAkyarthanA jJAnano ItihAsa: [20-26] upAdhyAyajIe eka dIrghakRtopayogane kevI rIte manAya e dekhADavA mATe cAra prakAranA vAkyarthanA jJAnanI manoraMjaka ane bodhaprada carcA26 karI che ane tene viroSapaNe jANavA mATe AcArya haribhadrakRta upadezapada Adino havAlo paNa Apyo che. ahIM prazna e che ke A cAra prakAranA vAkyArtho zuM che ane teno vicAra keTalo prAcIna che ane te kevI rIte jena vADmayamAM pracalita rahyo che tathA vikAsa pAmato rahyo che? Ano javAba ApaNane prAcIna ane prAcInatara vAlmaya jovAthI maLI jAya che. jaina paraMparAmAM "anugama" zabda prasiddha che jeno artha vyAkhyAnavidhi che. anugAmanA prakAra AryarakSitasUrie anuyogakArasUtramAM (sUtra155) darzAvyA che je chamAMthI be anugama sUtrasparze che ane cAra arthasparzI che. anugama zabdano niryukti zabda sAthe sUtrasparzikanirmulyanugama e rUpe ullekha anuyogakArasUtrathI prAcIna che, eTale e vAtamAM to koI saMdeha raheto ja nathI ke A anugamapaddhati yA vyAkhyAnolI jaina vADmayamAM anuyogadvArasUtrathI prAcIna che temaja niryuktinA prAcInatama starano ja bhAga che je bhAga saMbhavataH zrutakevalI bhadrabAhukartaka manAtI niyuktino ja bhAga hovo joIe. niryuktimAM anugama zabdathI je vyAkhyAnavidhino samAveza thayo che te vyAkhyAnavidhi paNa vastutaH bahu prAcIna samayathI eka zAstrIya prakriyA rahI che. ApaNe jyAre Arya paraMparAnA upalabdha vividha vAtmayane ane temanI pAThaulIne joIe chIe tyAre A anugAmanI prAcInatA vaLI vadhu dhyAnamAM AvI jAya che. Arya paraMparAnI eka zAkhA jarathosbiyanane joIe chIe tyAre temAM paNa pavitra manAtA avestA Adi granthono prathama vizuddha uccAra kevI rIte karavo, kevI rIte pada Adino vibhAga karavo ItyAdi kame vyAkhyAvidhine joIe chIe. bhAratIya Arya paraMparAnI vaidika zAkhAmAM je mono pATha zikhavADavAmAM Ave che ane kramazaH je tenI arthavidhi darzAvavAmAM AvI che tenI jena paraMparAmAM prasiddha anugama sAthe tulanA karazo to e vAtamAM koI saMdeha ja nahi rahe ke A anugamavidhi vastutaH te ja che je jarathozciyana dharmamAM tathA vaidika dharmamAM paNa pracalita hatI ane Aje paNa pracalita che. jena ane vaidika paraMparAnI pATha tathA arthavidhiviSayaka tulanA1. vaidika 2. jaina 1. saMhitApATha (mantrapATha) 1. saMhitA (mUlasUtrapATha) 1 2. padaccheda (jemAM padakama, jaTA 2. pada 2. Adi ATha prakAranI vividha AnupUrvIono samAveza che.) 26. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa pR. 73thI.

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aturvidha vAkyArthInA jJAnano itihAsa 3. padArthajJAna 4. vAkyAryajJAna 5. tAtparyArthanirNaya 5. pratyavasthAna6 jema vaidika paraMparAmAM prAraMbhamAM mUla mantrane zuddha ane askhalita rUpamAM zikhavavAmAM Ave che, pachI temanA padonA vividha vizleSaNo, tenA pachI jyAre arthavicAraNA arthAt mImAMsAno samaya Ave che tyAre kramazaH pratyeka padanA arthanuM jJAna, pachI pUrA vAkyanA arthanuM jJAna ane chevaTe sAdhakabAdhaka carcApUrvaka tAtparyArthano nirNaya karAvavAmAM Ave che - tevI ja rIte jaina paraMparAmAM paNa ochAmAM ochuM niryuktinA prAcIna samayamAM sUtrapAThathI arthanirNaya sudhIno te ja krama pracalita hato je anugama rAkhtathI jaina paraMparAmAM vyavahata thayo. anugamanA cha vibhAgo je anuyogadvArasUtramAM che temanuM paraMparAprApta varNana jinabhadra kSamAzramaNe vistArathI karyuM che.28 saMghaThAsagaNie 'bRhatkalpabhASya'mAM te cha vibhAgonA varNana uparAMta matAntarathI pAMca vibhAgono paNa nirdeza karyo che. je ho te, eTaluM to nizcita che ke jaina paraMparAmAM sUtra ane artha zikhavavAnA saMbaMdhamAM eka nizcita vyAkhyAnavidhi cirakAlathI pracalita rahI. A vyAkhyAnavidhinuM AcArya haribhadre potAnA dArzanika jJAnanA navA prakArAmAM keTalAka navIna zabdomAM navInatAnI sAthe vistArathI varNana karyuM che. haribhadranI uktimAM keTalIya viroSatAo che je viroSatAone jaina vADmayane sauprathama temanuM pradAna kahevI joIe. temaNe 'upadezapada'mAM arthAnugamanA cirapracalita cAra bhedone mImAMsA Adi darzanonA jJAnano opa ApIne navAM cAra nAmo dvArA nirUpaNa karyuM che. bannenI tulanA A pramANe che - 1. prAcIna paraMparA 1. padArtha 2. pavigraha 3. cAlanA 4. pratyavasthAna 3. padArtha 3, padmavigraha 4 4. cAlanA5 2. hAribhadrIya 1. padArtha 2. vAkyArtha 3. mahAvAkyArtha 4. aiThamparyArtha hAribhadrIya viroSatA kevaLa navAM nAmomAM ja nathI. temanI dhyAna devA yogya viroSatA to cAre prakAranA arthabodhano taratamabhAva samajAvavA mATe devAmAM AvelAM laukika tathA zAstrIya udAharaNomAM che. jaina paraMparAmAM ahiMsA, nirgandhatva, dAna ane tapa AdinuM dharmarUpe prathama sthAna che, tethI ja jyAre eka bAju te dharmonA AcaraNa upara Atyantika bhAra ApavAmAM Ave che tyAre bIjI bAju .temAM keTalAka apavAdone yA keTalIka chUTone rAkhavI paNa 27. juo anuyogadvArasUtra, sUtra 155, pR. 261 28. juo vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA 1002thI. 29. juo bRhatkalpabhASya, gAyA 302thI. 30. juo upadezapada, gAyA 859-885. 12

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana anivAryarUpe jarUrI banI jAya che. A utsarga ane apavAda vidhinI maryAdAne laIne AcArya haribhadra ukta cAra prakAranA arthabodhonuM varNana kyuM che. ahiMsAnA viSayamAM jaina dharmano sAmAnya niyama A che ke koI paNa prANIno koI paNa rIte ghAta na karavAmAM Ave. A thayo padArtha". AnA upara prazna thAya che ke jo sarvathA prANighAta varya hoya to dharmasthAnanuM nirmANa tathA ziromuMDana Adi kArya paNa na karI zakAya jemane kartavya samajavAmAM Ave che. A zaMkAvicAra "vAkyArtha' che. avaraya kartavya je zAstravidhipUrvaka karavAmAM Ave to temAM thanAro prANighAta doSAvaha nathI, avidhikRta ja doSAvaha che. A vicAra 'mahAvAkyartha che. je jinAjJA che te ja eka mAtra upAdeya che evuM tAtparya chevaTe kADhavuM e damparyArtha" che. A rIte sarva prANihiMsAnA sarvathA niSedharUpa sAmAnya niyamamAM vidhivihita apavAdone sthAna apAvanAro ane utsarga apavAdarUpa dharmamArga sthira karanAro je vicArapravAha upara darzAvyo tene AcArya haribhadra laukika daSTAnto dvArA samajAvavAno prayatna karyo che. ahiMsAno prazna temaNe prathama uThAvyo che je jaina paraMparAnI jaDa che. emato ahiMsA pUrI Arya paraMparAno sAmAnya dharma rahyo che, tema chatAM dharma, krIDA, bhojana Adi aneka nimittothI je vividha hiMsAo pracalita rahI temano AtyaMtika virodha jaina paraMparAe ryo. A virodhanA kAraNe tene prativAdIo taraphathI jAtajAtanA prazno pUchAvA lAgyA. temaNe prazna pUchyo ke jo jeno sarvathA hiMsAno niSedha kare che to teo khuda paNa jIvita rahI zakaze nahi ane dharmAcaraNa paNa nahi karI zake. te badhA praznono javAba devAnI daSTie ja haribhadra jenasammata ahiMsAsvarUpa samajAvavA mATe cAra prakAranA vAkyArthabodhanA udAharaNa tarIke sauprathama ahiMsAnA praznane ja hAthamAM lIdho che. bIjo praznanirjhanyatvano che. jaina paraMparAmAM granthano arthAt vastrAdino parigraha rAkhavAna rAkhavA aMge dalabheda thaI gayo hato. haribhadranI sAme A prazna khAsa karIne digambaratvapakSapAtIo taraphathI ja upasthita karavAmAM Avyo jaNAya che. haribhadra je dAnano prazna uThAvyo che te lagabhaga Adhunika terApaMthI saMpradAyanI vicArasaraNInuM pratibiMba che. joke te vakhate terApaMtha yA tevo ja koI bIja spaSTa paMtha hato nahi, tema chatAM jaina paraMparAnI nivRttipradhAna bhAvanAmAMthI te samaye paNa dAna devA viruddha koI koIne vicAra AvI javo svAbhAvika hatuM jeno javAba haribhadra Apyo che. jainasammata tapano virodha bauddha paraMparA pahelethI ja karatI AvI che. teno javAba haribhadra Apyo che. A rIte jaina dharmanA prANabhUta siddhAntonuM svarUpa temaNe 'upadezapadamAM cAra prakAranA vAkyArthabodhanuM nirUpaNa karavAnA prasaMge spaSTa kyuM che je yAjJika vidvAnonI potAnI hiMsAahiMsAviSayaka mImAMsAno jenadaSTi anusAra saMzodhita mArga che. bhinna bhinna samayanA aneka RSioe sarvabhUtAyAno siddhAnta to AryavargamAM bahu pahelethI ja sthApI dIdho hato. teno ja pratighoSa che -'hiMsAtu sarvA bhUtAni' A zrutikalpa 31.juo majhimanikAya, sura 14.

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caturvidha vAkayArthanA jJAnano ItihAsa vAkya. yajJa Adi dharmomAM prANivadhanuM samarthana karanArA mImAMsako paNa te ahiMsApratipAdaka pratighoSane pUrNataH pramANarUpa mAnatA AvyA che. tethI ja temanI sAme paNa ahiMsAnA kSetramAM A prazna to ApoApa ja upasthita thaI jato hato tathA sAMkhya Adi ardhavaidika paraMparAo paNa evo prazna upasthita karatI hatI ke jyAre hiMsAne niSiddha ane eTale ja aniSTajananI tame mImAMsako paNa mAno cho tyAre yajJa Adi prasaMgomAM karAtI hiMsA paNa hiMsA hovAnA kAraNe aniSTajanaka kema nahi? ane jyAre hiMsA hovAne kAraNe yajJIya hiMsA paNa aniSTajanaka siddha thAya che tyAre tene dharmanuM arthAt iSTanuM nimitta mAnIne yajJa Adi karmomAM kevI rIte kartavya mAnI zakAya? A praznano javAba ApyA vinA vyavahAra tathA zAstramAM kAma cAlI ja rAkatuM na hatuM. tethI prAcIna samayathI yAjJika vidvAno ahiMsAne pUrNapaNe dharma mAnatA hovA chatAM paNa bahujanasvIkRta ane cirapracalita yajJa Adi karmomAM thatI hiMsAne dharmarUpe arthAt kartavyarUpe samarthana, anivArya apavAdanA nAme, ApatA AvyA che. mImAMsakonI ahiMsAhiMsAnA utsargaapavAdabhAvavALI carcAnA prakAro tathA teno ItihAsa ApaNane Aja paNa kumArila tathA prabhAkaranA granthomAM vispaSTa ane manoraMjaka rUpamAM jovA maLe che. A buddhipUrNa carcA dvArA mImAMsakoe sAMkhya, jaina, bauddha Adi samakSa e sthApavAno prayatna karyo che ke zAstravihita karmamAM karavAmAM AvatI hiMsA avayakartavya hovAthI aniSTanuM arthAt adharmanuM nimitta banI zakatI nathI. mImAMsakonuM aMtima tAtparya e ja che ke zAstra arthAt veda mukhya pramANa che ane yajJa Adi vedavihita che. tethI ja je yajJa Adi karmo karavA icche yAje vedane mAne che tenA mATe vedajJAnuM pAlana ja parama dharma che, bhale pachI tenA pAlanamAM kaMI paNa karavuM paDe. mImAMsakono A tAtparyanirNaya Aja paNa vaidika paraMparAmAM eka nakakara siddhAnta che. sAMkhya Adi jevA yajJIya hiMsAnA virodhI paNa vedanA prAmAyano sarvathA tyAga na karavAnA kAraNe chevaTe mImAMsakonA ukta tAtparyArthanirNayano AtyaMtika virodha na karI rAkyA. evo virodha chevaTa sudhI te ja karatA rahyA jemaNe vedanA prAmANyano sarvathA InkAra karI dIdho. AvA virodhIomAM jaina paraMparA mukhya che. jenA paraMparAe vedanA prAmANyanI sAthe vedavihita hiMsAnI dharpatAno paNa sarvatobhAvathI niSedha karyo. paraMtu jena paraMparAno paNa teno potAno uddezya che jenI siddhinA mATe tenA anuyAyI gRhastha ane sAdhunuM jIvana Avazyaka che. A jIvanadhAraNamAMthI jaina paraMparAnI samakSa paNa evA aneka prazno vakhatovakhata UbhA thatA rahyA jemano ahiMsAnA AtyaMtika siddhAntanI sAthe samanvaya karavo tenA mATe jarUrI hatuM. jene paraMparA vedanAsthAne potAnAM Agamone ja eka mAtra pramANa mAnatI AvI che ane potAnA uddeyanI siddhi mATe sthApita tathA pracArita vividha prakAranAM gRhastha ane sAdhujIvanopayogI kartavyonuM pAlana paNa karatI AvI che. tethI ja chevaTe tene mATe paNa te svIkta kartavyomAM anivAryapaNe thaI jatI hiMsAnuM samarthana paNa eka mAtra AgamanI AjJAnA pAlanarUpe ja karavAnuM prApta thAya che. jene AcAryo A daSTie potAnA ApavAdika hiMsAmArganuM samarthana karatA rahyA che. AcArya haribhadra cAra prakAranA vAkyArthabodhane darzAvatI vakhate ahiMsAhiMsAnA utsargaapavAdabhAvanuM je sUkSma vivecana kyuM che te potAnA pUrvAcAryonI paraMparAprAptasaMpatti

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90 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana to che ja paraMtu temAM temanA samaya sudhInI vikasita mImAMsArazailInI paNa kaMI ne kaMI asara che. A rIte eka bAju cAra vAkyArthabodhanA bahAne temaNe upadezapadamAM mImAMsAnI vikasita razailIno jaina dRSTi anusAra saMgraha karyo to bIjI bAju temaNe bauddha paribhASAne paNa 'SoDarAka'mAM32 apanAvavAno sauprathama prayatna karyo. dharmakIrtinA 'pramANavArtika'thI paNa pahelethI bauddha paraMparAmAM vicAravikAsanI kramaprApta traNa bhUmikAone darzAvanArA zrutamaya, cintAmaya ane bhAvanAmaya evA traNa rAkhto bauddha vADmayamAM prasiddha rahyA che. ame jyAM sudhI jANI rAkhyA chIe tene AdhAre kahI zakIe chIe ke AcArya haribhadre ja te traNa bauddhaprasiddha rAkhkhone laIne temanI vyAkhyAmAM vAkacAryabodhanA prakArone samAvavAno sauprathama prayatna karyo. temaNe SoDarAkamAM paribhASAo to bauddhanI lIdhI paraMtu temanI vyAkhyA potAnI dRSTi anusAra karI; ane zrutamayane vAkacAryajJAnarUpe, cintAmayane mahAvAkacAryajJAnarUpe ane bhAvanAmayane aiThamparyArthajJAnarUpe ghaTAvyA. svAmI vidhAnande te ja bauddha paribhASAonuM 'tattvArthaslokavArtika'mAM khaMDana33 karyuM jyAre haribhadre te paribhASAone potAnI rIte jaina vADmayamAM apanAvI lIdhI. upAdhyAyajIe jJAnabindumAM haribhadre varNavelA cAra prakAranA vAkyArthakhodha - jeno prAcIna itihAsa niyuktinA anugamamAM tathA prAcIna vaidika paraMparA AdimAM paNa maLe che - upara potAnI pAragAmInaiyAyika dRSTie bahu ja mArmika prakAza pADyo che ane sthApita karyuM che ke A badho vAkyArthabodha eka dIrdha zrutopayogarUpa che je matiupayogathI judo che. upAdhyAyajIe jJAnabindumAM je vAkyArthavicAra saMkSepamAM darzAvyo che te ja temaNe potAnI 'upadezarahasya' nAmanI bIjI kRtimAM vistArathI paNa 'upaderApada'nA sArarUpe nirUpita karyo che je jJAnabindunA saMskRta TippaNamAM uddhRta karavAmAM Avela che. (juo jJAnabindu, TippaNa pR. 74 paMkti27thI). (4) ahiMsAnA svarUpano vicAra tathA vikAsa [21] upAdhyAyajIe caturvidha vAcAryano vicAra karatI vakhate jJAnabindumAM jaina paraMparAnA eka mAtra ane parama siddhAnta ahiMsAne laIne, utsargaapavAdabhAvanI jaina zAstromAM parApUrvathI cAlI AvatI carcA cAlu rAkhI che ane tenA upapAdanamAM temaNe potAnA nyAya-mImAMsA Adi darzanAntaranA gaMbhIra abhyAsano upayoga karyo che. te carcA ane upapAdanane yathAsaMbhava viroSa samajAvavA mATe jJAnabindunA TippaNamAM (pR. 79 paMkti 11thI) je vistRta avataraNasaMgraha karavAmAM Avyo che tenA AdhAre ahIM ahiMsA saMbaMdhI keTalAka aitihAsika tathA tAttvika muddAo para prakArA pADavAmAM Ave che. ahiMsAno siddhAnta Arya paraMparAmAM bahu ja prAcIna che ane teno Adara badhI AryazAkhAomAM ekasarakho rahyo che, tema chatAM prajAjIvananA vistAranI sAthe sAthe tathA vibhinna dhArmika paraMparAonA vikAsanI sAthe sAthe te siddhAntanA vicAra ane vyavahAramAM 32. SoDazaka, 1.10. 33. juo tattvArthaslokavArtika, pR. 21.

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ahiMsAnA svarUpano vicAra tathA vikAsa paNa anemukhI vikAsa thayelo jovA maLe che. ahiMsAviSayaka vicAranA mukhya be srota prAcIna kALathI ja Arya paraMparAmAM vahevA lAgyA hoya evuM jaNAya che. eka strota to mukhyapaNe zramaNa jIvananA AzrayathI vahevA lAgyo jyAre bIjo srota brAhmaNa paraMparAnA caturvidha AzramanA jIvanavicAranA sahAre pravAhita thayo. ahiMsAnA tAttvika vicAramAM ukta bane srotomAM koI matabheda dekhAto nathI, paraMtu tenA vyAvahArika pAsA yA jIvanagata upayoganA viSayamAM ukta be srotomAM ja nahi paraMtu pratyeka zramaNa ane brAhmaNa srotanI nAnImoTI avAntara zAkhAomAM paNa vividha prakAranA matabhedo ane paraspara virodho jovAmAM Ave che. tAttvika rUpe ahiMsA badhAne ekasarakhI mAnya hovA chatAM paNa tenA vyAvahArika upayogamAM tathA tadanusArI vyAkhyAomAMje matabheda ane virodha dekhAya che tenuM pradhAna kAraNa jIvanadaSTino bheda che. zramaNa paraMparAnI jIvanadaSTi pradhAnapaNe vaiyaktika ane AdhyAtmika rahI che jyAre brAhmaNa paraMparAnI jIvanadaSTi pradhAnapaNe sAmAjika yA lokasaMgrAhaka rahI che. pahelImAM lokasaMgraha tyAM sudhI iSTa che jyAM sudhI te AdhyAtmikatAno virodhI na hoya. jyAM teno AdhyAtmikatA sAthe virodha dekhAya tyAM pahelI daSTi lokasaMgraha prati udAsIna raheze yA teno virodha karaze, jyAre bIjI daSTimAM lokasaMgraha eTalA vizAla pramANamAM karavAmAM Avyo che ke temAM AdhyAtmikatA ane bhautikatA paraspara TakarAtI nathI. zramaNa paraMparAnI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI vicAradhArAno eka pravAha potAnA viziSTa rUpamAM vahetA hato je kAlakrame AgaLa jaIne dIrdha tapasvI bhagavAna mahAvIranA jIvanamAM udAtta rUpamAM vyakta thayo. ApaNe te prakaTIkaraNane 'AcArAMga', 'sUtrakRtAMga Adi prAcIna jaina AgamomAM spaSTa dekhIe chIe. ahiMsA dharmanI pratiSThAto AtmaupajyanI daSTimAMthI ja thaI hatI, paraMtu ukta AgamomAM tenuM nirUpaNa ane vizleSaNa A pramANe thayuM che - (1) duHkha ane bhayanuM kAraNa hovAthI hiMsAmAtra varjya che, A ahiMsAsiddhAntanI upapatti che. (2) hiMsAno artha jo ke prANanAza karavo yAduHkhadevuM che tema chatAM hiMsAjanya doSano mUlAdhAra to mAtra pramAda arthAt rAgadveSAdi ja che. jo pramAda yA Asakti na hoya to kevaLa prANanAra hiMsAnI koTimAM AvI zakato nathI. A ahiMsAnuM vizleSaNa che. (3) vadhyajIvonuM kada, temanI saMkhyA tathA temanI indriya Adi saMpattinAtAratamya upara hiMsAnA doSanuM tAratamya AdhAra rAkhatuM nathI paraMtu hiMsA karanAranA pariNAma yA vRttinI tIvratAmandatA, sajJAnatAajJAnatA yA balaprayoganI nyUnAdhikatA upara AdhAra rAkhe che, evo koTakama che. uparyukta traNe vAto bhagavAna mahAvIranA vicAra tathA AcAramAMthI phalita thaIne AgamomAM grathita thaI che. koI eka vyakti yA vyaktisamUha game teTalo AdhyAtmika kema na hoya paraMtu te jyAre saMyamalakSI jIvanadhAraNano paNa prazna vicAre che tyAre temAMthI uparyukta vizleSaNa tathA kaTikama ApoApa ja phalita thaI jAya che. A daSTie joIe to kahevuM paDe ke AgaLa upara racAyelA jaina vAlmamAM ahiMsA vize je vizeSa UhApoha thayo che teno mULa AdhAra to prAcIna AgamomAM pahelethI ja rahelo che.

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2 ghanabindunuM parizIlana samagra jena vAlmayamAM maLatA ahiMsAnA UhApoha upara jyAre ApaNe daSTipAta karIe chIe tyAre ApaNane spaSTa jaNAya che ke jene vAlmayano ahiMsA saMbaMdhI UhApoha mukhyapaNe cAra baLo para AdhAra rAkhe che. paheluM baLa to e ke te pradhAnapaNe sAdhujIvanano ja ane tethI ja navakoTika arthAt pUrNa ahiMsAno ja vicAra kare che. bIjuM baLa e ke te brAhmaNa paraMparAmAM vihita manAtI ane pratiSThita gaNAtI yajJIya Adi anekavidha hiMsAono virodha kare che. trIjuM baLa e ke te anya zramaNa paraMparAonA tyAgI jIvananI apekSAe paNa jena zramaNanuM tyAgI jIvana vizeSa niyaMtrita rAkhavAno Agraha rAkhe che. cothuM baLa e ke te jene paraMparAnA ja avAntara phirakAomAM utpanna thatA pArasparika virodhanA praznonA nirAkaraNano paNa prayatna kare che. navoTika arthAt pUrNa ahiMsAnA pAlanano Agraha paNa rAkhavo ane saMyama yA saguNavikAsanI daSTie jIvananirvAhanuM samarthana paNa karavuM - A virodhamAMthI hiMsAnA dravya, bhAva Adi bhedono UhApoha phalita thayo ane chevaTe eka mAtra nizcaya siddhAnta e ja sthApita thayoke aMte to pramAda ja hiMsA che. apramatta jIvanavyavahAra bhale hiMsAtmaka dekhAto hoya tema chatAM paNa te vastutaH ahiMsaka ja che. jyAM sudhI A aMtima nirNayano saMbaMdha che tyAM sudhI zvetAmbaradigambara Adi koI paNa jaina phirakAno emAM jarA paNa matabheda nathI. badhA phirakAonI vicArasaraNI, paribhASA ane dalIlo ekasarakhI che. A ApaNe jJAnabindunAM TippaNagata zvetAmbarIya vistRta avataraNomAMthI sArI rIte jANI zakIe chIe. vaidika paraMparAmAM yajJa, atithi, zrAddha Adi aneka nimitte thatI je hiMsAne dhArmika mAnIne pratiSThA ApavAmAM AvatI hatI teno virodha sAMkhya, bauddha ane jene paraMparAe ekasarakho kya che tema chatAM AgaLa jaIne A virodhamAM mukhya bhAga bauddha ane jenano ja rahyo che. jaina vAmayagata ahiMsAnA UhApohamAM ukta virodhanI UMDI chApa ane pratikriyA paNa che. pade pade jaina sAhityamAM vaidika hiMsAnuM khaMDana jovAmAM Ave che. sAthe sAthe ja jyAre vaidika loko jeno prati e AzaMkA kare che ke jo dhArmika hiMsA paNa akartavya hoya to tame jaina loko tamArI samAjaracanAmAM madiranirmANa, devapUjA Adi dhArmika kRtyono samAveza ahiMsakarUpe kevI rIte karI zakazo ityAdi tyAre A praznano je khulAso jeno kare che te paNa jena vAlmayanA ahiMsA saMbaMdhI UhApohamAM savistara maLe che. mAnasika doSa pramAda ja mukhyapaNe hiMsA che ane te doSathI janmelo ja prANanAza hiMsA che. A vicAra jaina ane bauddha paraMparAmAM ekasarakho mAnya che. tema chatAM ApaNe dekhIe chIe ke purAkALathI jaina ane bauddha paraMparAnI vacce ahiMsAnA saMbaMdhamAM pArasparika khaMDanamaMDanabahu thayuM che. sUtrakRtAMga" jevA prAcIna AgamamAM paNa ahiMsA saMbaMdhI bauddha mantavyanuM khaMDana che. tevI ja rIte majUjhimanikAya" jevA piTaka granthomAM paNa janasaMmata ahiMsAnuM saparihAsa khaMDana maLe che. uttaravartI niryukti Adi jaina granthomAM tathA "abhidharmakoSa Adi bauddha granthomAM paNa te ja purANuM khaMDanamaMDana navA rUpamAM jovA maLe che. jyAre jenabauddha bane paraMparAo vaidika hiMsAnI ekasarakhI virodhI che ane jyAre bannenI ahiMsA

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ahiMsAnA svarUpano vicAra tathA vikAsa saMbaMdhI vyAkhyAmAM koI tAttvikamatabheda nathI tyAre pahelethI ja bannemAM pArasparika khaMDanamaMDana zA kAraNe zarU thayuM ane cAlatuM rahyuM? - A eka prazna che. A praznano javAba jyAre ApaNe bane paraMparAonA sAhityane dhyAnathI vAMcIe chIe tyAre maLI jAya che. khaMDanamaMDananAM aneka kAraNomAMthI pradhAna kAraNa to e ja che ke jenA paraMparAe navoTika ahiMsAnI sUkSma vyAkhyAne amalamAM lAvavA mATe bAhya pravRttinuM je viroSa niyatraNa karyuM te bauddha paraMparAe na . jIvanasaMbaMdhI bAhya pravRttionA ati niyatraNa ane madhyamamArgIya zaithilya vaccenA prabaLa bhedamAMthI ja bauddha ane jaina paraMparAo pArasparika khaMDanamaMDanamAM pravRtta thaI. A khaMDanamaMDanano paNa jaina vAlmayanA ahiMsA saMbaMdhI UhApohamAM khAsso hisso che, jenA keTalAka namUnA jJAnabindunAM TippaNomAM ApavAmAM AvelAM jena ane bauddha avataraNo dvArA jANI zakAya che. jyAre ApaNe banne paraMparAonAM khaMDanamaMDanane taTastha bhAvathI dekhIe chIe tyAre niHsaMkoca kahevuM paDe che ke bahudhA bannee ekabIjIne khoTI rIte ja samajI che. AnuM eka udAharaNa majhimanikAya'nuM upapalisutta che ane bIjuM udAharaNa sutraktAMganuM (1.1.2.24-32; 2.6.26-28) che. jema jema jaina sAdhusaMghano vistAra thato gayo ane judA judA deza tathA kAlamAM navI navI paristhitionA kAraNe navA navA prazno UbhA thatA gayA tema tema jaina tattvacintakoe ahiMsAnI vyAkhyA ane vizleSaNamAMthI eka spaSTa navo vicAra prakaTa karyo. te e ke jo apramattabhAvathI koI jIvavirAdhanA arthAt hiMsA thaI jAya yA karavI paDe to te mAtra ahiMsAkoTinI ane tethI ja nirdoSa ja nathI paNa guNa(nirjarA)vardhaka paNa che. A vicAra anusAra, sAdhu pUrNa ahiMsAno svIkAra karyA pachI paNa jo saMyata jIvananI puSTi nimitte vividha prakAranI hiMsArUpa samajavAmAM AvatI pravRttio kare to te saMyamavikAsamAM eka DagaluM AgaLa vadhe che. A ja jene paribhASA anusAra nizcaya ahiMsA che. je tyAgI bilakula vastra Adi rAkhavAnA virodhI hatA te maryAditarUpamAM vastra Adi upakaraNa (sAdhana) rAkhanArA sAdhuone jyAre hiMsAnA nAme Thapako ApavA lAgyA tyAre vastrAdinA samarthaka tyAgIoe pelA nizcaya siddhAntano Azraya laIne javAba Apyo ke kevaLa saMyamanA dhAraNa ane nirvAhane mATe ja, zarIranI jema maryAdita upakaraNa Adi rAkhavAM e ahiMsAnA bAdhaka nathI. jenA sAdhusaMghanI A jAtanI pArasparika AcArabhedamUlaka carcA dvArA paNa ahiMsAnA UhApohamAM bahuvikAsa dekhAya che, je oghaniryukti AdimAM spaSTa che. kyAreka kyAreka ahiMsAnI carcA zuSka tarka jevI thayelI jaNAya. eka vyakti praznakare che ke jo vastra rAkhavuM ja hoya to te phADyA vinA akhaMDa ja kema na rAkhavAmAM Ave kema ke tene phADavAmAM je sUkSma aNuo UDaro te jIvaghAtaka jarUra banaze. A praznano javAba paNa e ja DhaMgathI ApavAmAM Avyo che. javAba ApanAra kahe che ke jo vastra phADavAthI phelAtA sUkSma aNuo dvArA jIvaghAta thAya che to tame emane vastra phADavAmAMthI rokavA je kaMI kaho cho temAM paNa jIvaghAta thAya che ne? - ityAdi. astu, je hoya te, paraMtu ApaNe jinabhadragaNinI spaSTa vANImAM jenaparaMparAsammata ahiMsAnuM pUrNa svarUpa pAmIe chIe. te kahe che ke sthAna sajIva ho yA nirjIva, temAM koI jIva ghAtaka thaI jato hoya yA koI aghAtaka ja jovAmAM Avato hoya, paraMtu eTalA mAtrathI hiMsA yA

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana ahiMsAno nirNaya na thaI zake. hiMsA kharekhara to pramAdamAM - ayatanAmAM-asaMyamamAM ja che, pachI bhalene koI jIvano ghAtana maNa thato hoya tevI ja rIte jo apramAda - yatanA-saMyama surakSita hoya to jIvaghAta dekhAto hoya to paNa vastutaH ahiMsA ja che. uparyukta vivecana uparathI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI jaina UhApohanI nIce jaNAvelI kramika bhUmikAo phalita thAya che ? (1) prANano nAza hiMsArUpa hovAthI tene rokavo e ja ahiMsA che. (2) jIvanadhAraNanI samasyAmAMthI phalita thayuM ke jIvananA-khAsa karIne saMyamI jIvananA - mATe anivArya samajavAmAM AvatI pravRttio karatA rahevAthI jo jIvaghAta thaI paNa jAya to paNa pramAda na hoya to te jIvaghAta hiMsArUpa na hotAM ahiMsA ja che. (3) jo saMpUrNapaNe ahiMsaka rahevuM hoya to vastutaH ane sauprathama cittagata leza (pramAda)no ja tyAga karavo joIe. jo te thayo to ahiMsA siddha thaI gaI. ahiMsAno bAhya pravRttio sAthe koI niyata saMbaMdha nathI. teno niyata saMbaMdha mAnasika pravRttio sAthe che. (4) vaiyaktikayA sAmUhika jIvanamAM evAM paNa apavAdanAM sthAno Ave che jyAre hiMsA kevaLa ahiMsA ja nathI paraMtu vadhArAmAM te guNavardhaka paNa banI jAya che. AvAM ApavAdika sthAnomAM jo kahevAtI hiMsAthI DarIne tenuM AcaraNa na karavAmAM Ave to UlaTuM doSa lAge. upara hiMsA-ahiMsA saMbaMdhI je vicAra kyAM darzAvyA che tenI pUrepUrI zAstrIya sAmagrI upAdhyAyajIne prApta hatI, tethI ja temaNe vAkyArthavicAra'nA prasaMgamAM jenasammata - khAsa karIne sAdhujIvanasammata - ahiMsAne laIne utsarga-apavAdabhAvanI carcA karI che. upAdhyAyajIe jenazAstramAM maLatA apavAdono nirdeza karIne spaSTa kahyuM che ke A apavAdo dekhAtA bhale ahiMsAvirodhI hoya tema chatAM temanuM mUlya autsargika ahiMsAbarAbara ja che. apavAda aneka darzAvavAmAM AvyA che, ane deza-kAla anusAra navA apavAdonI paNa sRSTi thaI zake che, tema chatAM badhA apavAdono AtmA mukhyapaNe be tattvomAM samAI jAya che. te bemAM eka tattva to che gItArthatvanuM eTale ke pariNatarazAstrajJAnanuM ane bIjuM tattva che kRtayogitvanuM arthAt cittasAmyayA sthitaprajJatvanuM. upAdhyAyajIe darzAvelI, jene ahiMsAnA utsarga-apavAdanI A carcA barAbara akSarazaH mImAMsA ane smRtinI ahiMsA saMbaMdhI utsarga-apavAdanI vicArasaraNane maLatI che. aMtara hoya to eTaluM ja ke jyAM jana vicArasaraNi sAdhu yA pUrNatyAgInA jIvanane lakSyamAM rAkhIne pratiSThita thaI che tyAM mImAMsaka ane smArtAnI vicArasaraNi gRhastha, tyAgI badhAnA jIvanane kendrasthAnamAM rAkhIne pracalita thaI che. bannenuM sAmya AvuM che1. jaina 2. vaidika 1. atrepana saMtavA 1. mariMcA sarvapUtani. 2. sAdhujIvananI azakyatAno prazna 2. cAre AzramanA badhA prakAranA adhikArIonA jIvananI tathA tatsaMbaMdhI kartavyonI azakyatAno prazna.

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paTrasthAnapatitatva ane pUrvagata gAthA 3. zAstravihita pravRttiomAM hiMsAdoSa- 3. zAstravihita pravRttiomAM hiMsAdoSano no abhAva arthAt niSiddhAcaraNa abhAva arthAt niSiddhAcAra ja hiMsA ja hiMsA. (ahIM e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM ke jene tattvajJa zAstra' zabdathI jaina zAstrane - khAsa karIne sAdhujIvananA vidhiniSedhanA pratipAdaka zAstrane ja le che, jyAre vaidika tattvacintaka zAstra zabdathIte badhAM ja zAstrone le che jemanAmAM vaiyaktika, kauTumbika, sAmAjika, dhArmika ane rAjakIya Adi badhAM kartavyonuM vidhAna che.) 4. chevaTe ahiMsAno marma jinAjJAnA 4. chevaTe hiMsAnuM tAtparya veTha tathA - jainazAstranA yathAvat anusaraNamAM smRtionI AjJAnA pAlanamAM ja che. ja che. upAdhyAyajIe uparyukta cAra bhUmikAvALI ahiMsAnuM caturvidhavAWArtha dvArA nirUpaNa karIne tenA upasaMhAramAM je kaMI lakhyuM che te vedAnuyAyI mImAMsaka ane naiyAyikanI ahiMsAviSayaka vicArasaraNinI sAthe eka jAtanI jaina vicArasaraNinI tulanA mAtra che athavA to ema kahevuM joIe ke vaidika vicArasaraNi dvArA jaina vicArasaraNinuM vizleSaNa ja temaNe karyuM che. jema mImAMsakoe vedavihita hiMsAne choDIne ja hiMsAmAM aniSTajanatvamAnyuM che tevI ja rIte upAdhyAyajIe chevaTe svarUpa hiMsAne choDIne ja mAtra hetu- AtmapariNAma hiMsAmAM ja aniSTajanakatvadarzAvyuM che. (5) sthAnapatitatva ane pUrvagata gAthA mRtacarcAnA prasaMgamAM ahiMsAnA utsargaapavAdanI vicAraNA karyA pachI upAdhyAyajIe zruta sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvanAra aneka jJAtavya muddAo upara vicAra prakaTa karatAM SasthAnanA muddAnI paNa zAstrIya carcA karI che jenuM samarthana ApaNA jIvanagata anubhavathI ja thatuM rahe che. eka ja adhyApaka pAse eka ja granya bhaNanArI aneka vyaktiomAM zabda ane arthanuM jJAna samAna hovA chatAM paNa tenA bhAvo ane rahasyonA parijJAnanuM je tAratamya jovAmAM Ave che tete adhikArIonI Antarika zaktinA tAratamyanuM ja pariNAma hoya che. A anubhavane caturdApUrvadharomAM lAgu pADIne 'kalpabhASyanA AdhAre upAdhyAyajIe dekhADyuM che ke caturdApUrvarUpa zratane ekasarakhI rIte bhaNelI aneka vyaktiomAM paNa zrutagata bhAvone vicAravAnI zaktinuM anekavidha tAratamya hoya che je temanI UhApohazaktinA tAratamyanuM ja pariNAma che. A tAratamyane zAstrakAroe cha vibhAgomAM vaheMcyuM che je SaTrasthAna kahevAya che. bhAvone je sauthI adhika jANI zake che te mRtadhara utkRSTa kahevAya che. tenI apekSAe hIna, hInatara, hInatamarUpe cha kakSAonuM varNana che. utkRSTa jJAtAnI apekSAo - 1. anantabhAgahIna, 2. asaMkhyAtabhAgahIna, 3. saMkhyAtabhAgahIna, 4. saMkhyAtaguNahIna, 5. asaMkhyAtaguNahIna ane 6. anantaguNahIna-AkramazaH utaratI cha kakSAo che. tevI ja 34. juo jJAnabindu, TippaNa pR. 99.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana rIte sauthI jUna bhAvone jANanAranI apekSAe - 1. anantabhAgaadhika, 2. asaMkhyAtabhAgaadhika, 3. saMkhyAtabhAgaadhika, 4. saMkhyAtaguNa adhika, 5. asaMkhyAtaguNaadhika ane 6. anantaguNaadhika - AkramazaH caDatI kakSAo che. mRtanI samAnatA hovA chatAM paNa tenA bhAvonA parijJAnagata tAratamyanuM kAraNa je UhApoha sAmarthya che tene upAdhyAyajIe zrutasAmarthya ane atisAmarthya ubhayarUpa kahela che - tema chatAM temano viroSa jhUkAvatene zrutasAmarthyamAnavA tarapha spaSTa che. AgaLa jaIne zrutanA dIrvopayogaviSayaka samarthanamAM upAdhyAyajIe eka pUrvagata gAthAno ullekha (jJAnabindu pR.9) karyo che je vizeSAvazyakabhASyamAM (gAthA117) maLe che. pUrvagata zabdano artha che pUrva- prAntana. te gAthAne pUrvagAthA tarIke mAnatA AvavAnI paraMparA jinabhadragaNi zamAzramaNa jeTalI to prAcIna avazya che, kema ke koTyAcArye paNa potAnI vRttimAM tenuM pUrvagata gAthA tarIke ja vyAkhyAna karyuM che, paraMtu ahIM e vAta avazya dhyAna kheMce che ke pUrvagata manAtIta gAthA digambara granthomAM kyAMya maLatI nathI ane pAMca jJAnonuM varNana karanArI 'Avazyakaniryukti" mAM paNa te gAthA nathI. ame pahelAM kahyuM che ke akSaraakSararUpe zrutanA be bheda bahu prAcIna che ane digambarIyazvetAmbarIya banne paraMparAomAM maLe che. paraMtu akSara zrutanI banne paraMparAgata vyAkhyA ekasarakhI nathI. digambara paraMparAmAM akSarakRta zabdano artha sauprathama akalekeja spaSTa karyo che. temaNe svArthakRtane anakSaragruta kahela che, jyAre zvetAmbarIya paraMparAmAM niryuktinA samayathI ja anakSarayutano judo artha prasiddha che. niryuktimAM anakSazruta eTale uvasita, niHzvasita AdirUpa ja zrata evo artha levAmAM Avyo che. tevI ja rIte akSarayutanA artha aMge paNa bane paraMparAone matabheda che. akalaMka parArtha vacanAtmakazratane ja akSaragruta kahe che je kevaLadravyahyutarUpa che jyAre te pUrvagata gAthAnA vyAkhyAnamAM jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa trividha akSara darzAvatAM akSaradyutane dravyabhAvarUpe be prakAranuM darzAve che. dravya ane bhAvarUpe zrutanA be prakAra mAnavAnI jena paraMparA to prAcIna che ane zvetAmbaradigambara zAstromAM ekasarakhI ja che paraMtu akSarayutanA vyAkhyAnamAM bane paraMparAo vacce antara paDI gayuM che. eka paraMparA anusAra dravyayuta ja akSaradyuta che jyAre bIjI paraMparA anusAra dravya ane bhAva banne prakAranuM akSaragruta che. dravyayuta zabda jaina vADmayamAM prAcIna che paraMtu tenA vyaMjanAkSara ane sAkSara nAmathI prApta thatAbe prakAra digambara zAstromAM nathI. dravyayuta ane bhAvathutarUpe zAstrajJAna saMbaMdhI je vicAra jena paraMparAmAM maLe che ane jenuM vizeSapaNe spaSTIkaraNa upAdhyAyajIe pUrvagata gAthAnuM vyAkhyAna karatAM karyuM che te saghaLo vicAra Agama(zruti) prAmANyavAdI taiyAyikAdi badhAM ja vaidika darzanonI paraMparAmAM ekasarakho che ane ati vistArathI maLe che. tenI zAbdika tulanA nIce jaNAvyA pramANe che :

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matijJAnanA vizeSa nirUpaNamAM navo UhApoha 1. jaina dravya zruta vyaMjanAkSara saMjJAkSara bhAva / landhyakSara I zabda 2. jainetara nyAyAdi Agama-zabdapramANa 1 zabda T lipi 97 zakti vyakti arthAt bodha (upayoga) padArthopasthiti, saMketajJAna, AkAMkSA, yogyatA, Asatti, tAtparyajJAna, Adi zAbdabodhanAM kAraNo je naiyAyikAdi paraMparAmAM prasiddha che te badhAMne upAdhyAyajIe zAbdabodhaparikararUpe zAbdabodhamAM ja samAvyAM che. ahIM eka aitihAsika satyanI tarapha vAcakonuM dhyAna kheMcavuM jarUrI che. te e ke jyAre paNa koI jaina AcArye kyAMya paNa navuM prameya joyuM to tenuM jaina paribhASAmAM zuM sthAna che e darzAvIne eka rIte jaina zrutanI zrutAntara sAthe tulanA karI che. udAharaNArtha, bhartRharIya 'vAcapaDhIya'mAM vaikharI, madhyamA, pazyantI ane sUkSmA rUpe je cAra prakAranI bhASAonuM bahu ja vistRta ane talasparzI varNana che teno jaina paraMparAnI paribhASAmAM kevI rIte samAveza thaI zake che e svAmI vidyAnande bahu ja spaSTatA ane yathArthatAthI sauprathama darzAvyuM che,3 jethI jaina jijJAsuone jainetara vicArano ane jainetara jijJAsuone jaina vicArano saraLatAthI bodha thaI zake. vidyAnanA te ja samanvayane vAdidevasUrie potAnA DhaMgathI varNavyo che.37 upAdhyAyajIe paNa nyAya Adi darzanonA prAcIna ane navIna nyAyAdi graMthomAM je zAbdabodha ane AgamapramANa saMbaMdhI vicAra joyA ane vAMcyA temano upayoga temaNe jJAnabindumAM jaina zrutanI te vicAro sAthe tulanA karavAmAM karyo che, je abhyAsIe khAsa manana karavA yogya che. zAbdabodha (6) matijJAnanA viroSa nirUpaNamAM navo UhApoha [34] prasaMgaprApta zrutanI keTalIka vAto para vicAra karyA pachI pharI granthakAre prastuta matijJAnanA viroSonuM - bhedonuM nirUpaNa zarU karyuM che. jaina vADmayamAM matijJAnanA avagraha, IhA, avAya ane dhAraNA e cAra bheda tathA temano paraspara kAryakAraNabhAva prasiddha che. Agama ane tarkayugamAM te bhedo para bahu vicAra karavAmAM Avyo che, paraMtu upAdhyAyajIe jJAnabindumAM te bhedonI tathA temanA paraspara kAryakAraNabhAvanI je vivecanA karI che te pradhAnapaNe viroSAvazyakabhASyAnugAminI che. A vivecanAmAM upAdhyAyajIe pUrvavartI 35. juo vAkyapadIya, 1 thI114. 38 36. juo tattvAryazrlokavArtika, pR. 240, 241. 37. juo syAdvAdaratnAkara, pR. 97. 38. juo vizeSAvazyakabhASya, gAthA296-299.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana jena sAhityano sAra to ApI dIdho che ja paraMtu sAthe sAthe temaNe keTalokanavo UhApoha paNa potAnA taraphathI karyo che. ahIM ame evI traNa khAsa vAtono nirdeza karIe chIe jenA para upAdhyAyajIe navo UhApoha ryo che - (1) pratyakSa jJAnanI prakriyAmAM dArzanikonuM ekamAtya (2) prAmAyanizcayanA upAyano prazna (3) anekAnta daSTie prAmANyanA svatasvaparatattvanI vyavasthA (1) pratyakSa jJAnanI prakriyAmAM zabdabheda bhale hoya paraMtu vicArabheda koIno nathI. nyAyavaizeSika Adi badhA vaidika dArzanika tathA bauddha dArzanika paNa e ja mAne che ke jyAM indriyajanya ane manojanya pratyakSa jJAna thAya che tyAM sauprathama, viSaya ane indriyano saknikarSa thAya che. pachI nirvikalpaka jJAna, tenA pachI savikalpaka jJAna utpanna thAya che je saMskAra dvArA smRtine paNa utpanna kare che. kyAreka kyAreka savikalpaka jJAna dhArArUpe punaH punaH thayA kare che. pratyakSa jJAnanI prakriyAno A sAmAnya krama che. A prakriyAne jaina tattvajJoe potAnI vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha, IhA, avAya ane dhAraNAnI khAsa paribhASAmAM bahu prAcIna samayathI darzAvela che. upAdhyAyajIe A jJAnabindumAM paraMparAgata jena prakriyAmAM khAsa karIne be viSayo para prakAza pADyo che. pahelo che kAryakAraNabhAvano pariSkAra ane bIjo che danAntarIya paribhASAnI sAthe jaina paribhASAnI tulanA. arthAvagraha prati vyaMjanAvagrahanI, ane Iha prati arthAvagrahanI ane A ja krame AgaLa dhAraNA prati avAyanI kAraNatAnuM varNana to jaina vAlmamAM prAcIna che ja, paraMtu navya nyAyazAstrIya parizIlane upAdhyAyajI pAse te kAryakAraNabhAvanuM prastuta jJAnabindumAM sapariSkAra varNana karAvyuM che je anya koI jaina granthamAM maLatuM nathI. nyAya Adi darzanomAM pratyakSa jJAnanI prakriyA cAra aMzomAM vibhakta che. [36] pahelo kAraNAMza[pR. 10 paMkti 20] je sannikRSTa indriyarUpa che. bIjo vyApArAMza[46] je sanikarSa ane nirvikalpa jJAnarUpa che. trIjo phalora [pra. 15 paMkti 16] je savikalpaka jJAna yA nizcayarUpa che ane cotho paripAkAMza[47] je dhArAvAhI jJAnarUpa tathA saMskAra, smaraNa AdirUpa che. upAdhyAyajIe vyaMjanAvagraha, arthAvagraha Adi prAcIna jenA paribhASAne ukta cAra aMzomAM vibhAjita karIne spaSTapaNe sUcavyuM che ke jainetara darzanomAM pratyakSa jJAnanI je prakriyA che te ja zabdAntarathI jaina darzanamAM paNa che. upAdhyAyajI vyaMjanAvagrahane kAraNAMza, arthAvagraha tathAIhAne vyApArAza, avAyanepalAza ane dhAraNAne paripAkAM kahe che, je taddana upayukta che. bauddha darzananA mahAyAnIya 'cAyabindu Adi jevA saMskRta granthomAM maLatI pratyakSa jJAnanI prakriyAgata paribhASA to nyAyadarzana jevI ja che paraMtu hInayAnIya pAli granthonI paribhASA judI che. jo ke pAli vAlmaya upAdhyAyajIne sulabha na hatuM tema chatAM temaNe je tulanA sUcavI che te tulanAne vartamAna samayamAM sulabha pAli vAlmaya sudhI vistArIne ame ahIM badhAM bhAratIya darzanonI ukta paribhASAgata tulanA darzAvIe chIe - 39. juo pramANamImAMsA TippaNa, pR. 45.

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matijJAnanA vizeSa nirUpaNamAM navo UhApoha nyAya-nairoSikAdi vaidika darzana jainadarzana tathA mahAyAnIya bauddhadarzana 1. sannidRSyamANa Indriya 1. vyaMjanAvagraha yA viSayendriyasannikarSa 2. nirvikalpaka 3. saMzaya tathA saMbhAvanA 4. savikalpaka nirNaya 1. AraMbhaNanA indriyaApAthagamana-indriyaAlaMbanasaMbaMdha tathA Avajjana 2. cakSurAdivijJAna 3. saMpaTicchana, saMtIraNa 4. voTkapana 5. javana tathA javanAnubandha tArambhaNapAka (2) [38] prAmANyanizcayanA upAya aMge UhApoha karatI vakhate upAdhyAyajIe malayagirisUrinA matanI khAsa samIkSA karI che. malayagirisUrinuM mantavya che ke avAyagata prAmANyano nirNaya avAyanI pUrvavartinI IhAthI ja thAya che, bhale te IhA lakSita ho yA na ho.41 A mata para upAdhyAyajIe Apatti uThAvIne kahyuM che [39] ke jo IhAthI ja avAyanA prAmANyano nirNaya mAnavAmAM Ave to vAdidevasUrinuM prAmANyanirNayaviSayaka svatattvaparatattvanuM pRthakkaraNa kyAreya ghaTI zako nahi. malayagirinA matanI samIkSAmAM upAdhyAyajIe bahu sUkSma koTikrama upasthita karyo che. upAdhyAyajI jevI vyakti, je malayagirisUri Adi jevA pUrvAcAryo pratye bahu ja AdarazIla ane temanA anugAmI che te, te pUrvAcAryonA matanI khullA dile samAlocanA karIne sUcave che ke vicAranA zuddhIkaraNanA tathA satyagadveSaNAnA pathamAM avicArI anukaraNa bAdhaka ja bane che. 5. dhArAvAhijJAna tathA saMskArasmaraNa 2. arthAvagraha 3. IhA 4. avAya 5. dhAraNA pAli abhidharma 40 99 (3) [40] upAdhyAyajIne prasaMgavaza anekAnta daSTie prAmANyanA svatastvaparatastva nirNayanI vyavasthA karavI iSTa che. A uddezyanI siddhi mATe temaNe be ekAntavAdI pakSakArone pasaMda karyA che je paraspara viruddha mantavya dharAve che. mImAMsaka mAne che ke prAmANyanI siddhi svataH ja thAya che jyAre naiyAyika kahe che ke prAmANyanI siddhi parataH ja thAya che. upAdhyAyajIe pahelAM to mImAMsakanA mukhe svataH prAmANyanuM ja sthApana karAvyuM che ane pachI tenuM khaMDana naiyAyikanA mukhe karAvIne tenA dvArA sthApita karAvyuM che ke prAmANyanI siddhi parataH ja thAya che. mImAMsaka ane naiyAyikanI paraspara khaMDanamaMDanavALI prastuta prAmANyasiddhiviSayaka carcA prAmANyanA khAsa 'tavruti pratvarUpa' dArzanikasaMmata prakAra para ja karAvavAmAM AvI che. tenA pahelAM upAdhyAyajIe saiddhAntikasaMmata ane tArkikasaMmata evA anekavidha prAmANyanA prakArone eka pachI eka carcAnA mATe pasaMda karyA che ane ante darzAvyuM 40. The Psychological Attitude of Early Buddhist Philosophy by Anagarika B. Govinda, p. 184. amidhammartyasaMgo, 4.8. 41. juo nandIsUtranI TIkA, pR. 73.

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100 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana che ke A badhA prakAro prastuta carcA mATe upayukta nathI. kevaLa 'tavruti tavraratnarUpa' teno prakAra ja prastuta svataH paratattvanI siddhinI carcA mATe upayukta che. anupayogI kahIne choDI devAyelA je ane jeTalA prAmANyanA prakAronuM upAdhyAyajIe vibhinna dRSTie jaina rAzAstrAnusAra jJAnabindumAM jevuM nidarzana karyuM che te ane teTalA prakAronuM tevuM nidarzana koI eka jaina granthamAM jovA maLatuM nathI. mImAMsaka ane naiyAyikanI jJAnabindugata svataH parataH prAmANyavALI carcAnavyanyAyanA pariSkArothI jaTila banI gaI che. upAdhyAyajIe udayana, gaMgerA, raghunAtha, pakSadhara Adi navya naiyAyikonA tathA mImAMsakonA granthonuM je AkaMTha pAna karyuM hatuM teno udgAra prastuta carcAmAM paDe paDe ApaNane maLe che. prAmANyanI siddhi svataH mAnavI ke parataH mAnavI ke pachI ubhayarUpa mAnavI e prazna jaina paraMparAnI sAme Avyo, tyAre vidyAnanda42 Adie bauddha43 matane apanAvIne anekAnta daSTie e kahI dIdhuM ke abhyAsadazAmAM prAmANyanI siddhi svataH thAya che ane anabhyAsadazAmAM parataH. tenA pachI to pAchI A muddA upara aneka jaina tArkikoe saMkSepa ane vistArathI anekamukhI carcA karI che. paraMtu upAdhyAyajInI carcA e pUrvAcAryonI carcAothI nirALI che. enuM mukhya kAraNa che upAdhyAyajInuM navya darzanazAstronuM sarvAMgINa parizIlana. carcano upasaMhAra karatAM [42, 43] upAdhyAyajIe mImAMsakanA pakSamAM ane naiyAyikanA pakSamAM AvatA doSono anekAnta dRSTie parihAra karIne banne pakSonA samanvaya dvArA jaina mantavyanI sthApanA karI che.44 3. avadhi ane mana:paryAyanI carcA mati ane zruta jJAnanI vicAraNA pUrI karIne granthakAre kramarAH avadhi [51, 52] ane manaH paryAya [53, 54] e benI vicAraNA karI che. Arya tattvacintaka be prakAranA thayA che - bhautika arthAt laukika bhUmikAvALA ane AdhyAtmika bhUmikAvALA. je bhautika arthAt laukika bhUmikAvALA hatA temaNe bhautika sAdhana arthAt indriyamana dvArA ja utpanna thatA anubhava mAtra para vicAra karyo che. teo AdhyAtmika anubhavathI paricita hatA nahi. jemanI bhUmikA AdhyAtmika arthAt lokottara hatI temano anubhava paNa AdhyAtmika hato. AdhyAtmika anubhava mukhyapaNe AtmarAktinI jAgRti para nirbhara che. bhAratIya darzanonI badhI pradhAna zAkhAomAM evA AdhyAtmika anubhavanuM varNana ekasarakhuM che. AdhyAtmika anubhavanI pahoMca bhautika jagatanI pele pAra sudhI hoya che. vaidika, bauddha ane jaina paraMparAnA prAcIna samajavAmAM AvatA granthomAM evA vividha AdhyAtmika anubhavonuM, kyAMka kyAMka maLatA AvatA rAkhtomAM to kyAMka bIjA zabdomAM, varNana maLe che. jaina vADmayamAM AdhyAtmika anubhava arthAt sAkSAtkAranA traNa prakAro varNavAyelA che - avadhi, manaH paryAya ane kevala. avadhi pratyakSa te che je indriyo dvArA agamya evA sUkSma, vyavahita ane viprakRSTa 42. juo pramANaparIkSA, pR. 63; tattvAryazlokavArtika, pR. 175; parIkSAmukha, 1.13. 43. juo tattvasaMgraha, pR. 811. 44. pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa, pR. 16 paMkti 18thI.

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avadhi ane mana paryAyanI carcA 101 mUrta padArthono sAkSAtkAra karI zake che. manaH paryAya pratyakSa te che je mAtra manogata vividha avasthAono sAkSAtkAra kare che. A be pratyakSonuM jaina vADmayamAM bahu vistAra ane bhedaprabhedavALuM manoraMjaka varNana che. vaidika darzananA aneka granthomAM - khAsa karIne pAtaMjalayogasUtra" ane tenA bhASya AdimAM uparyukta banne prakAranA pratyakSanuM yogavibhUtirUpe spaSTa ane AkarSaka varNana che.' vaizeSikasUtra'nA prazastapAdabhASyamAM paNa thoDuMka paNa spaSTa varNana che. bauddha darzananA majhimanikAya' jevA prAcIna granthomAM paNa tevA ja AdhyAtmika pratyakSonuM spaSTa varNana che. jene paraMparAmAM maLato avadhijJAna' zabda to jainetara paraMparAomAM dekhAto nathI paraMtu jaina paraMparAno "manaH paryAya' zabda to "paracittajJAna' yA 'paracittavijAnanA" jevA sadarArUpamAM anyatra jovAmAM Ave che. ukta be jJAnonI dInAntarIya tulanA AvI che - 1. jaina 2. vaidika 3. bauddha vaizeSika pAtaMjala 1. avadhi | 1. viyuktayogipratyakSa 1. bhavanajJAna 1. - athavA tArAbRhajJAna muMjAnayogipratyakSa dhRvagatijJAna Adi 2. manaH paryAya | 2. - 2. paricittajJAna | 2. paricittajJAna, || cetaH parijJAna manaH paryAyajJAnano viSaya mana dvArA cityamAna vastu che ke cintanapravRtta manodravyanI avasthAo che - A bAbate jaina paraMparAmAM ekamatya nathI. niryukti ane tattvArthasUtra tathA tattvArthasUtranI TIkAomAM pahelA pakSanuM varNana che, jyAre vizeSAvazyakabhASyamAM bIjA pakSanuM samarthana karavAmAM AvyuM che. paraMtu yogabhASya tathA majUjhimanikAyamAM je paricittajJAnanuM varNana che temAM kevaLa bIjo ja pakSa che jenuM samarthana jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNe ryuM che. yogabhAkhyakAra tathA majhimanikA kAra spaSTa zabdomAM e ja kahe che ke AvA pratyakSa dvArA bIjAnA cittano ja sAkSAtkAra thAya che, cittanA AlaMbanano sAkSAtkAra thato nathI. yogabhASyamAM to cittanA AlaMbananuM grahaNa na thaI zaktAnA pakSamAM dalIlo paNa ApavAmAM AvI che. 1. juoyogasUtrano vibhUtipAda, sUtra19, 26 ityAdi. 2. juo kanDalITIkA sahita prazastapAdabhASya, pR. 187. 3. juo majujhimanikAya, sutta 6. 4. 'pratyayastha pavittajJAnamAM yogasUtra, 3.19. 5. juo abhidhammatyasaMgraho, 9.24 6. juo pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa, pR. 37; tathA jJAnabindu TippaNa, pR. 107.

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102 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana ahIM vicAraNIya vAto be che - eka to e ke manaH paryAyajJAnanA viSaya aMge jenA vAlmayamAM je be pakSa dekhAya che teno spaSTa artha zuM e nathI ke pAchalA varNanakArI sAhitya yugamAM granthakAro prAcIna AdhyAtmika vAtonuM tArkika varNanato karatA hatA paNa AdhyAtmika anubhavano yuga vItI gayo hato. bIjI vicAraNIya vAta e che ke yogabhASya, majujhimanikAya ane vizeSAvayabhASyamAM maLatuM empatya svatantracintananuM pariNAma che ke pachI ekanI bIjA upara asara paNa che? jena vAlmayamAM avadhi ane mana:paryAyanuM je kaMI varNana che te badhAno upayoga karIne upAdhyAyajIe jJAnabindumAM te banne jJAnonuM evuM supariSkRta lakSaNa kyuM che ane lakSaNagata pratyeka viroSaNanuM evuM buddhigamya prayojana darzAvyuM che ke anya koI granthamAM tevuM maLatuM nathI. upAdhyAyajIe lakSaNavicAra to ukta ane jJAnono bheda mAnIne ja che paraMtu sAthe sAthe ja temaNe ukta banne jJAnono bhedana mAnanArI siddhasena divAkaranI daSTinuM samarthana paNa[5556] khUba mArmika rIte kyuM che. 4. kevalajJAnanI carcA [57] avadhi ane mana paryAya jJAnanI carcA pUrI karyA pachIupAdhyAyajIe kevalajJAnanI carcA zarU karI che je granthanA anta sudhI cAle che ane granthanI samApti sAthe pUrI thAya che. prastuta granthamAM anya jJAnonI apekSAe kevalajJAnanI ja carcA adhika vistRta che, mati Adi cAra pUrvavartI jJAnonI carcAe granthano jeTalo bhAga rokyo che tenAthI bamaNAmAM kaMIka ocho bhAga ekalA kevalajJAnanI carcAe rokyo che. A carcAmAM ja aneka prameyo upara upAdhyAyajIe vicAra karyo che, temanAmAMthI nIce jaNAvelA vicAro para ahIM keTaloka vicAra pradarzita karavA ISTa che - (1) kevalajJAnanA astitvanI sAdhayukti. (2) kevalajJAnanA svarUpanuM pariskRta lakSaNa. (3) kevalajJAnanAM utpAdaka kAraNono prazna. (4) rAgAdi doSonA jJAnAvarakatva tathA karmajanyatvano prazna. (5) nairAgya Adi bhAvanAonuM nirUpaNa tathA nairAgyabhAvanAno nirAsa. (6) brahmajJAnano nirAsa. (7) zruti ane smRtionuM jaina matAnukUla vyAkhyAna. (8) keTalAMka jJAtavya jaina mantavyonuM sthAna. (9) kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzananA krama tathA bhedabheda aMge pUrvAcAryomAM pakSabheda. (10) granthakAranuM tAtparya tathA temanI svopajJa vicAraNA. (1) kevalajJAnanA astitvanI sAdhaka yuktiH [58] bhAratIya tattvacintakomAMthI je AdhyAtmika zaktivAdI che temanAmAM paNa AdhyAtmika zaktijanya jJAnanI bAbatamAM saMpUrNa ekamacanathI. AdhyAtmika zaktijanya jJAna saMkSepamAM be prakAranuM manAyuM che. eka to te je indriyAgamya evA sUkSma mUrta padArthono

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kevalajJAnanA astitvanI sAdhaka yukti sAkSAtkAra karI zake. bIjuM te je mUrtiamUrta badhI saikAlika vastuono eka sAthe sAkSAtkAra kare. A bemAMthI pahelA prakArano sAkSAtkAra to badhA AdhyAtmika tattvacintakone mAnya che, pachI bhalene nAma AdinA saMbaMdhamAM bheda hoya. pUrvamImAMsaka je AdhyAtmika zaktijanya pUrNa sAkSAtkAra yA sarvajJatvano virodhI che tene paNa pahelA prakArano AdhyAtmikazaktijanya apUrNa sAkSAtkAra mAnavAmAM koI vAMdho nathI. matabheda che to kevaLa AdhyAtmikazaktijanya pUrNa sAkSAtkAranA hoI zakavA na hoI zakavAnA viSayamAM. mImAMsaka sivAya bIjo koI AdhyAtmikavAdI nathI je evA sArvajJaya arthAt pUrNa sAkSAtkArane na mAnato hoya. badhI sArvayavAdI paraMparAonAM zAstromAM pUrNa sAkSAtkAranA astitvanuM varNana to parApUrvathI cAlyuM ja Ave che, paraMtu prativAdInI samakSa tenI samarthaka yuktio haMmezA ekasarakhI rahI nathI. temanAmAM vakhatovakhata vikAsa thato rahyo che. upAdhyAyajIe prastuta granthamAM sarvajJatvanI samarthaka je yuktine rajU karI che te yukti urayataH prativAdI mImAMsaka AgaLa ja rajU karavAmAM AvI che. mImAMsakanuM kahevuM che ke evuM koI zAstranirapekSa kevaLa AdhyAtmika zaktijanya pUrNa jJAna hoI zakatuM nathI je dharmAdharma jevA atIndriya padArthono paNa sAkSAtkAra karI zake. tenI sAme sarvajJatvavAdIonI eka yukti A rahI che ke je vastu sAtizaya arthAt taratamabhAvApanna hoya che te vadhatI vadhatI kyAMka ne kyAMka to pUrNa dazAne prApta karI le che, jema ke parimANa. parimANa nAnuM paNa che ane taratamabhAvathI moTuM paNa che. tethI ja te AkAza AdimAM pUrNa kASTAne prApta dekhAya che. A ja dazA jJAnanI paNa che. jJAna kyAMka alpa che to kyAMka adhika che - A rIte jJAna taratamabhAvavALuM dekhAya che, tethI ja te kyAMka ne kyAMka saMpUrNa paNa hovuM ja joIe. jyAM te pUrNakalAprApta thaze te ja sarvajJa. Ayukti dvArA upAdhyAyajIe paNa jJAnabindumAM kevalajJAnanA astitvanuM samarthana che. ahIM aitihAsika daSTie A prazna thAya che ke prastuta yuktinuM mULa kyAM sudhI maLe che ane jaina paraMparAmAM te kyArathI dekhAya che? atyAra sudhInA amArA vAcanacittanathI amane e ja jaNAya che ke A yuktino prAcInatama ullekha yogasUtra sivAya anyatra nathI. ame pAtaMjala yogasUtranA prathama pAdamAM 'tatra nitizaya sarvajJavInam' (1.25) evuM sUtra maLe che jemAM spaSTapaNe e darzAvavAmAM AvyuM che ke jJAnanuM tAratamya ja sarvajJanA astitvanuM bIja che je IzvaramAM pUrNapaNe vikasita che. A sUtra uparanA bhAgamAM vyAse to jANe ke sutranA vidhAnano ArAya hastAmalakavat prakaTaryo che. nyAyavaizeSika paraMparA je sarvajJavAdI che tenA sUtra bhAga Adi prAcIna granthomAM sarvajJAstitvanI sAdhaka A yuktino ullekha nathI, ApaNane prazastapAdanI TIkA vyomavatImAM (pR. 560) teno ullekha maLe che. paraMtu ema kahevuM niryuktika nathI ke vyomavatIno te ullekha yogasUtra tathA tenA bhASya pachIno ja che. kAmanI koI paNa sArI dalIlano prayoga jyAre eka vAra koInA dvArA carcAkSetramAM AvI jAya che tyAre pachI to AgaLate sarvasAdhAraNa banI jAya che. prastuta yuktinA aMge paNa e ja thayuM jaNAya che. saMbhavataH sAMkhyayoga paraMparAe te yuktino AviSkAra karyo ane pachI to nyAyavairoSika 1. sarvajJatvavAdanA tulanAtmaka itihAsa mATe juo pramANamImAMsA bhASATippaNa, pR. 27. 2. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa, pR. 108 paMkti 19.

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104 ghanabindunuM parizIlana ane bauddha paraMparAnA granthomAM paNa te yuktie pratiSThita sthAna prApta karI lIdhuM tathA tevI ja rIte jena paraMparAmAM paNa te pratiSThita thaI. jena paraMparAnA Agama, niryukti, bhASya Adi prAcIna aneka grantha sarvajJatvanA varNanathI bharelA che, paraMtu ApaNane uparyukta jJAnatAratamyavALI sarvajJatvasAdhaka yuktino sauprathama prayoga mallavAdInIkRtimAM ja jovA maLe che. atyAre e kahevuM zakya nathI ke mallavAdIe kaI paraMparAmAMthI A yuktine apanAvI che, paraMtu eTaluM to nizcita che ke mallavAdI pachI thayelA badhA digambarazvetAmbara tArkikoe A yuktino udAratAthI upayoga karyo che. upAdhyAyajIe paNa jJAnabindumAM kevalajJAnanA astitvane siddha karavA mATe eka mAtra A yuktino prayoga karyo che ane tenuM ja pallavanakyuM che. (2) kevalajJAnanuM pariSkRta lakSaNaH [57] prAcIna Agama, niryukti Adi granthomAM tathA pachInA tArkika granthomAM jyAM kyAMya paNa kevalajJAnanuM svarUpa jena vidvAnoe darzAvyuM che tyAM sthaLa zabdomAM eTaluM ja kahevAmAM AvyuM che ke je AtmamAtrasApekSa yA bAhyasAdhananirapekSa sAkSAtkAra badhA padArthone arthAt saikAlika dravyaparyAyone viSaya kare che te ja kevalajJAna che. upAdhyAyajIe prastuta granthamAM kevalajJAnanuM svarUpa to te ja mAnyuM che paraMtu temaNe tenuM nirUpaNa evI navIna zailImAM karyuM che je temanI pahelAMnA koI jaina granthamAM dekhAtI nathI. upAdhyAyajIe naiyAyika udayana tathA gaMgeza AdinI pariSkRta paribhASAmAM kevalajJAnanA svarUpanuM lakSaNa savistara spaSTa karyuM che. ahIM temanA lakSaNa sAthe saMbaMdha dharAvatA be muddAo para dArzanika tulanA karavI prApta che. te be muddAomAMthI pahelo muddo che sAkSAtkAratvano ane bIjo che sarvaviSayatvano. A banne muddAo para mImAMsaka sivAyanA badhA dArzanikonuM ekamAtya che. jo temanA kathanamAM thoDuM aMtara che to te kevaLa paraMparAbhedanuM ja che. nyAyazeSika darzana jyAre "sarva' viSayaka sAkSAtkAranuM varNana kare che tyAre te 'sarva' zabdathI potAnI paraMparAmAM prasiddha dravya, guNa, Adi sAteya padArthone saMpUrNa bhAvathI le che. sAMkhyayoga jyAre sarva viSayaka sAkSAtkAranuM citraNa kare che tyAre te potAnI paraMparAmAM prasiddha prakRti, puruSa Adi 25 tattvonA pUrNa sAkSAtkAranI vAta kare che. bauddha darzana 'sarva' zabdathI potAnI paraMparAmAM prasiddha pAMca skandhone saMpUrNa bhAvathI le che. vedAnta darzana 'sarva' zabdathI potAnI paraMparAmAM pAramArthika rUpe prasiddha eka mAtra pUrNa brahmane ja le che. jenA darzana paNa 'sarva' zabdathI potAnI paraMparAmAM prasiddha saparyAya Sa dravyone pUrNapaNe le che. Ama uparyukta badhAM darano potapotAnI paraMparA anusAra mAnavAmAM AvelA badhA padArthone laIne temano pUrNa sAkSAtkAra mAne che ane tadanusArI lakSaNa paNa kare che, paraMtu A lakSaNagata ukta sarvaviSayakatva tathA sAkSAtkAratva viruddha mImAMsakane sakhata vAMdho che. 3. juo tattvasaMgraha, pR. 825. 4. juo nayacakra, likhita prati, pR. 123 5. 5. juo tattvasaMgraha, kArikA3134 paMjikAsahita.

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kevalajJAnanAM utpAdaka kAraNono prazna 105 mImAMsaka sarvajJavAdIone kahe che ke jo sarvajJano tame loko nIce jaNAvelA pAMca arthomAMthI koI paNa artha karo to tamArA viruddha mAre koI vAMdho nathI. (1) sarvajJa eTale "sarva' zabdane jANanAra. (2) sarvajJa' zabdano abhiprAya che tela, pANI Adi koI eka cIjane pUrNa rUpamAM jANanAra. (3) sarvajJa' zabdano matalaba che AkhA jagatane sAmAnyapaNe jANanAra. (4) 'sarvajJa' zabdano artha che potAnI paraMparAmAM je tattvazAstrasiddha che temanuM zAstra dvArA pUrNa jJAna karanAra. (5) sarvajJa zabdanuM tAtparya kevaLa eTaluM ja che ke je je vastu je je pratyakSa, anumAna Adi pramANathI gamya che te badhI vastuone temanAM grAhaka badhAM pramANa dvArA yathAsaMbhava jANanAra. A pAMcamAMthI koI paNa pakSa viruddha mImAMsakane vAMdho nathI, kema ke mImAMsaka ukta pAMceya pakSonA svIkAra dvArA phalita thatuM sarvajJatva mATe ja che. tene vAMdho che to tenI sAme ke je pakSa jagatanA saMpUrNa padArthone pUrNapaNe kamathI yA yugapat jANanAra pratyakSane (sAkSAtkArane) svIkAre che. mImAMsakanA mate evo koI sAkSAtkAra (pratyakSa) saMbhavato ja nathI je jagatanA saMpUrNa padArthone saMpUrNapaNe kramathI ke yugapatuM jANato hoya. mImAMsakane sAkSAtkAratvamAnya che paNa te to asarvaviSayaka jJAnamAM. tene sarvaviSayakatva paNa abhipreta che paraMtu te zAstrajanya parokSa jJAnamAM ja. A rIte kevalajJAnanA svarUpa viruddha sauthI prabaLa ane prAcIna vAMdho uThAvanAra mImAMsaka che. badhA sarvajJavAdIoe tene potapotAnI rIte javAba Apyo che. upAdhyAyajIe paNa kevalajJAnanA svarUpanuM pariskRta lakSaNa karIne, te viSayamAM mImAMsakasaMmata svarUpanI viruddha jaina mantavya che e vAta darzAvI che. ahIM prasaMgavA eka vAta vadhu jANI levI jarUrI che. te e ke jo ke vedAnta darzana paNa anya sarvajJavAdIonI jema sarva' arthAt pUrNa brahmaviSayaka sAkSAtkAra mAnIne potAne sarvasAkSAtkArAtmaka kevalajJAnane mAnanAra tarIke darzAve che ane mImAMsakanA mantavyathI juduM paDe che tema chatAM paNa eka muddA upara mImAMsaka ane vedAntanI ekavAkyatA che. A muddo che zAstrasApekSatAno. mImAMsaka kahe che ke sarvaviSayaka parokSa jJAna paNa rAstra vinA thaI rAkatuM nathI. vedAnta brahmasAkSAtkArarUpa sarvasAkSAtkArane mAnIne paNa te ja vAtane kahe che, kemake vedAntano mata che ke brahmajJAna bhalene sAkSAtkArarUpa hoya paraMtu teno saMbhava vedAntazAstra vinA nathI. A rIte mULamAM eka ja vedapatha para prasthita mImAMsaka ane vedAntano kevalajJAnanA svarUpanA viSayamAM matabheda hovA chatAM paNa tenA utpAdaka kAraNarUpe eka mAtra vedazAstrano svIkAra karavAmAM koI paNa matabheda nathI. (3) kevalajJAnanAM utpAdaka kAraNono prazna [59] kevalajJAnanAM utpAdaka kAraNo aneka che, jevAM ke bhAvanA, adaSTa, viziSTa zabda ane AvaraNakSaya Adi. temanAmAMthI koI ekane prAdhAnya ane bAkInAne aprAdhAnya ApIne vibhinna dArzanikoe kevalajJAnanI utpattinAM judAM judAM kAraNo sthApita kya che. 6. ejana, kArikA3129thI.

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106 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana udAharaNArtha, sAMkhyayoga ane bauddha danakevalajJAnanA janaka tarIke bhAvanAnuM pratipAdana kare che, jyAre nyAyazeSika darzana yogaja adaSTane kevalajJAnajanaka darzAve che. vedAnta 'tattvamasi' jevA mahAvAkyane kevalajJAnajanaka mAne che, jyAre jene darzana kevalajJAnajanaka tarIke AvaraNakSayane arthAt karmakSayane sthApe che. upAdhyAyajIe paNa prastuta granthamAM karmakSayane ja kevalajJAnajanaka tarIke sthApita karavA mATe anya pakSono nirAzaryo che. mImAMsA je mULathI kevalajJAnanA viruddha che teNe sarvAno asaMbhava darzAvavA mATe bhAvanAmUlaka sarvajJatvavAdInI sAme e dalIla karI che ke bhAvanAjanya jJAna yathArtha hoI zake ja nahi, jemake kAmuka vyaktino bhAvanAmUlaka svAkhika kAminIsAkSAtkAra. [61] bIjuM e ke bhAvanAjJAna parokSa hovAthI aparokSa sArvajJayanuM janaka paNa banI zakyuM nathI. trIjuM e ke jo bhAvanAne sArvajJayajanaka mAnavAmAM Ave to eka adhika pramANa paNa mAnavuM paDe [pR. 20 5. 235. mImAMsake ApelA traNa doSamAMthI pahelA be doSono uddhAra to sAMkhyayoga Adi badhA bhAvanAkAraNavAdI ekasarakhI rIte kare che, jyAre upAdhyAyajI ukta traNe doSono uddhAra potAno siddhAntabheda [62] darzAvIne ja kare che. te jJAnabindumAM karmakSayanA pakSa para bhAra daIne kahe che ke vAstavamAM to sArvayanuM kAraNa karmakSaya ja che. karmakSayane pradhAna mAnavAmAM temano abhiprAya e che ke te ja kevalajJAnanI utpattinuM avyavahita kAraNa che. temaNe bhAvanAne kAraNa mAnyuM nathI te to aprAdhAnyanI daSTie. te spaSTa kahe che ke bhAvanA je zukladhyAnanuM ja nAmAntara che te kevalajJAnanI utpAdaka avazya che paraMtu karmakSaya dvArA ja. tethI bhAvanA kevalajJAnanuM avyavahita kAraNa na hovAthI karmakSayanI apekSAe apradhAna ja che. je yuktithI temaNe bhAvanAkAraNavAdano nirosaryo che te ja yuktithI temaNe adaSTakAraNavAdano paNa nirAzaryo che [63]. te kahe che ke jo yogajanya adaSTa sArvayanuM kAraNa hoya to paNa te karmarUpa pratibandhakanA nAza vinA sArvayane pedA karI zake nahi. AvI hAlatamAM adaSTanI apekSAe karmakSaya ja kevalajJAnanI utpattinuM pradhAna kAraNa siddha thAya che. zabdakAraNavAdano nirAsa upAdhyAyajIe e ja kahIne karyo che ke sahakArI kAraNo game teTalAM samarthakema na hoya paraMtu parokSa jJAnano janaka zabda kadI temanA sahakArathI aparokSa jJAnano janaka banI zake ja nahi. sArvajJayanI utpattino kramabadhAM darzanomAM samAna ja che. paribhASAbheda paNa najIvo che. A vAtanI pratIti nIce karavAmAM AvelI tulanAthI jaI zake. 1. jaina 1. samyagdarzana 2. kSapakazreNIno arthAt rAgAdinA nAzano prAraMbha 3. zukladhyAnanA baLe mohanIyano arthAtrAgAdidoSano Atmattika kSaya 4. jJAnAvaraNanA sarvathAnA dvArA sarvajJatva 7. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa, pR. 108 paMkti 23thI.

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107 rAgAdidoSonA jJAnAvarakatva ane karmajanyano prazna 2. bauddha 1. samyagdaSTi 2. rAgAdi klezonAnAsano prAraMbha 3. bhAvanAnA baLe klezAvaraNano AtyaMtika kSaya 4. bhAvanAnA prakarSathI zeyAvaraNanA sarvathA nAzadvArA sarvajJatva 3. sAMkhyayoga 1. vivekakhyAti 2. prasaMkhyAnano arthAt saMprajJAta samAdhino prAraMbha 3. asaMprajJAta arthAt dharmamegha samAdhi dvArA rAgAdi klerAkarmanI AtyaMtika nivRtti 4. prakAzAvaraNanAnA dvArA sarvajJatva - 4 nyAyavaizeSika 1. samyajJAna 2. rAgAdiddAsano prAraMbha 3. asaMprajJAta arthAt dharmamegha samAdhi dvArA rAgAdi klerAkarmanI AtyaMtika nivRtti 4. samAdhijanya dharma dvArA sarvajJatva 5. vedAnta 1. samyagdarzana 2. rAgAdiddAsano prAraMbha 3. bhAvanA-nididhyAsananA baLeklezono kSaya 4. brahmasAkSAtkAra dvArA ajJAnAdino vilaya (4) rAgAdidoSonA jJAnAvarakatva ane karmajanyatvano prazna: [65] sarvajJa jJAnanI utpattinA krama saMbaMdhamAM je tulanA upara karavAmAM AvI che tenAthI spaSTa che ke rAga, dveSa Adi jozone ja badhA dArzaniko kevalajJAnanA Avaraka mAne che. badhAnA mate kevalajJAnanI utpatti tyAre ja saMbhave che jyAre ukta rAgAdi doSono sarvathA nAza thAya. A rIte upAdhyAyajIe rAgAdi doSomAM sarvasaMmata kevalajJAnAvarakatvanuM samarthana kyuM che ane pachI temaNe rAgAdi doSone karmajanya sthApita karyA che. rAga, dveSa Adi je cittagata yA Atmagata doSa che temanuM mukhya kAraNa karma arthAt janmajanmAntaramAM saMcita Atmagata doSa ja che. AvuM sthApana karavAmAM upAdhyAyajInuM tAtparya punarjanmavAdano svIkAra karavAnuM che. upAdhyAyajI AstikadarzanasaMmata punarjanmavAdanI prakriyAno Azraya laIne ja kevalajJAnanI prakriyAno vicAra kare che. tethI ja A prasaMgamAM temaNe rAgAdi doSone karmajanya yA punarjanmamUlaka na mAnanArAonA matonI samIkSA paNa karI che. AvA mato traNa che. eka mata [66] e che ke rAgakaphajanya che, dveSa pittajanya che ane moha vAtajanya

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana che. bIjo mata [67] e che ke rAga zukropacayajanya che ityAdi. trIjo mata [68] e che ke zarIramAM pRthvI ane jala tattvanI vRddhithI rAga pedA thAya che, teja ane vAyunI vRddhithI dveSa pedA thAya che, jala ane vAyunI vRddhithI moha pedA thAya che. A traNa matomAM rAga, dveSa ane mohanuM kAraNa manogatayA Atmagata na mAnIne zarIragata vaiSamya ja manAyuM che. jo ke ukta traNa mato anusAra rAga, dveSa ane mohanAM kAraNo bhinnabhinna che tema chatAM te traNa matonI mULa daSTi eka ja che ane te e ke punarjanma yA punarjanmasaMbaddha karma mAnIne rAga, dveSa Adi doSonI utpatti ghaTAvavAnI koI jarUrata nathI, zArIragata doSo dvArA yA zarIragata vaiSamya dvArA ja rAgAdinI utpatti ghaTAvI zakAya che. joke ukta traNa matomAMthI pahelA matane ja upAdhyAyajIe bArhaspatya arthAtcArvAka mata kahyo che tema chatAM vicAra karatAM spaSTa jaNAya che ke ukta traNe matonI AdhArabhUta mUla daSTi punarjanma mAnyA vinA ja vartamAna zarIrano Azraya laIne vicAra karanArI hovAthI mULamAM cArvAka daSTi ja che. A daSTino Azraya laIne cikitsAzAstra prathama matane rajU kare che jyAre kAmazAstra bIjA matane rajU kare che. trIjo mata saMbhavataH haThayogano che. ukta traNe matanI samAlocanA karIne upAdhyAyajIe darzAvyuM che ke rAga, dveSa ane mohanA upazamana yAkSayano sAco ane mukhya upAya AdhyAtmika arthAt jJAnadhyAna dvArA Atmazuddhi karavI e ja che, ane nahi ke ukta traNe mato dvArA pratipAdana karAto mAtra bhautika upAya. prathama matanA puraskartAoe vAta, pitta, kapha A traNa dhAtuonA sAmya saMpAdanane ja rAgAdi doSonA zamanano upAya mAnyo che. bIjA matanA sthApakoe samucita kAmasevana Adine ja rAgAdi doSonA zamanano upAya mAnyo che. trIjA matanA samarthakoe pRthvI, jala Adi tattvonA samIkaraNane ja rAgAdi doSonA upazamanano upAya mAnyo che. upAdhyAyajIe ukta traNe matonI samAlocanAmAM e ja darzAvavAnI koziza karI che ke samAlocya traNe matoe rAgAdi doSonA zamananA je je upAyo darzAvyA che te vAstavamAM rAgAdi doSonuM zamana karI zaktA ja nathI. upAdhyAyajI kahe che ke vAta Adi dhAtuonuM game teTaluM sAmyakemanA saMpAdita karavAmAM Ave, samucita kAmasevana paNa kema na karavAmAM Ave, pRthvI Adi tattvonuM samIkaraNa paNa kema na karavAmAM Ave, tema chatAM jyAM sudhI Atmazuddhi nathI thatI tyAM sudhI rAgadveSa Adi doSono pravAha paNa sUkAI zakto nathI. A samAlocanA dvArA upAdhyAyajIe punarjanmavAdisaMmata AdhyAtmika mArganuM ja samarthana karyuM che. upAdhyAyajInI prastuta samAlocanA koI sarvathA navI vastu nathI. bhArata varSamAM AdhyAtmika daSTivALAo bhautika daSTino nirAsa hajAro varSa pahelAMthI karatA AvyA che. upAdhyAyajIe paNa te ja karyuM che paraMtu temanI zailI navIna che. jJAnabiMdumAM upAdhyAyajIe uparyukta traNe matonI je samAlocanA karI che te dharmakIrtinA pramANavArtika mAM ane rAntarakSitanA tattvasaMgrahamAM paNa maLe che. 8. juo jJAnAbindu TippaNa pR. 109 paMkti 26thI

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vairAbhya Adi bhAvanAonuM nirUpaNa ane vairAbhya bhAvanAno nirAsa 109 (5) nairAbhya Adi bhAvanAonuM nirUpaNa ane nairAgya bhAvanAno nirAsaH [69] pahelAM tulanA dvArA e darzAvI gayA chIe ke badhAM AdhyAtmika darzano bhAvanA arthAt dhyAna dvArA ja ajJAnano sarvathA nAza ane kevalajJAnanI utpatti mAne che. jyAre sArvayaprApti mATe bhAvanA Avazyaka che tyAre e paNa vicAra karavo prApta thAya che ke te bhAvanAkevI arthAt kiMviSayaka? bhAvanAnA svarUpaviSayaka praznano javAba badhAno ekasarakho nathI. dArzanika zAstromAM nirUpAyelI bhAvanA saMkSepamAM traNa prakAranI che nairAgyabhAvanA, brahmabhAvanA ane vivekabhAvanA. nairAmyabhAvanA bauddhonI che. brahmabhAvanA aupaniSada darzananI che. bAkInAM badhAM darzano vivekabhAvanAne mAne che. nairAgyabhAvanA te che jemAM evo vizvAsa karavAmAM Ave che ke sthira AtmA jevI koI vastu ja nathI. je kaMI che te badhuM kSaNika ane asthira ja che. tenAthI viparIta brahmabhAvanAte che jemAM evo vizvAsa karavAmAM Ave che ke brahma arthAt Atmatattva sivAya bIjI koI vastu pAramArthika nathI, tathA Atmatattva paNa bhinna bhinna nathI. vivekabhAvanA te che je AtmA ane jaDa banne dravyonuM pAramArthika ane svataMtra astitva svIkArIne cAle che. vivekabhAvanAne bhedabhAvanA paNa kahI zakAya, kemake temAM jaDa ane cetananA pArasparika bhedanI jema jaDa tattvamAM tathA cetana tattvamAM paNa bheda mAnavAno avakAza che. ukta traNe bhAvanAo svarUpamAM ekabIjAthI taddana viruddha che, tema chatAM temanA dvArA uddezyasiddhimAM koI antara paDatuM nathI. nairAgyabhAvanAnA samarthaka bauddho kahe che ke jo AtmA jevI koI sthira vastu hoya to tenA upara sneha paNa zAzvata rahe jenA kAraNe tRSNAmUlaka sukhamAM rAga ane duHkhamAM dveSa thAya che, jyAM sudhI sukharAga ane duHkhala hoya tyAM sudhI pravRttinivRttinuM arthAt saMsAranuM cakra paNa aTakatuM nathI. tethI jeNe saMsArathI mukta thavuM hoya tenA mATe saraLa ane mukhya upAya AtmAbhiniveza choDavo e ja che. bauddha daSTi anusAra badhA doSonuM mULakevaLa sthira AtmatattvanA svIkAramAM ja raheluM che. eka vAra te abhinivezano sarvathA parityAga pachI to nahi rahe vAMsake nahi rahe vAMsaLI- arthAt mULa ja kapAI javAthI sneha ane tRSNAmUlaka saMsAracakra ApoApa baMdha paDI jaze. brahmabhAvanAnA samarthaka kahe che ke ajJAna ja duHkha ane saMsAranuM mULa che. ApaNe Atmabhinna vastuone pAramArthika mAnIne temanA upara ahaMtvamamatva dhAraNa karIe chIe ane tyAre ja rAgadveSamUlaka pravRttinivRttinuM cakra cAle che. jo ApaNe brahnabhinnavastuomAM pAramArthikatva mAnavAnuM choDI daIe ane eka mAtra brahmanuM pAramArthikatva mAnIe to ajJAnamUlaka aAMtvamamatvanI buddhinAza pAmI javAthItamUlaka rAgadveSajanya pravRttinivRttinuM caka ApoApa ja aTakI jaze. vivekabhAvanAnA samarthako kahe che ke AtmA ane jaDa bannemAM pAramArthikatvabuddhi thavA mAtrathI mahatvamamatvathI bacI zakAtuM nathI ane na to AtmAne sthira mAnavAmAtrathI rAgadveSAdinI pravRtti thAya che. temanuM mantavya che ke AtmAne AtmarUpa na samajavo ane anAtmAne anAtmarUpa na samajavo e ajJAna che. tethI ja jaDamAM Atmabuddhi ane 9. ejana, pR. 109 paMkti 30thI.

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110 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana AtmAmAM jaDatvanI yA zUnyatvanI buddhi karavI e ja ajJAna che. A ajJAnane dUra karavA mATe vivekajJAnanI AvazyakatA che. upAdhyAyajI jaina daSTi anusAra vivekabhAvanAnA puraskartA che. jo ke vivekabhAvanAnA samarthaka saMkhyAyoga tathA nyAyavairoSika sAthe jaina darzanano thoDo matabheda avazya che tema chatAM paNa upAdhyAyajIe prastuta granthamAM nairAmyabhAvanA ane brahmabhAvanA upara ja khAsa karIne prahAra karavAnuM icchavuM che. tenuM kAraNa e che ke sAMkhyayogAdisaMmata vivekabhAvanA jainasaMmata vivekabhAvanAthI eTalI krUra yA viruddha nathI jeTalI dUra yA viruddha nairAtmyabhAvanA ane brahmabhAvanA che. nairAzrcabhAvanAnA khaMDanamAM upAdhyAyajIe khAsa karIne bauddhasaMmata kSaNabhaMgavADanuM ja khaMDana karyuM che. te khaMDanamAM temanI mukhya dalIla e rahI che ke ekAnta kSaNikatvavAdanI sAthe banya ane mokSanI vicArasaraNino meLa khAto nathI. jo ke upAdhyAyajIe jevuM nairAtmyabhAvanAnuM nAmollekhapUrvaka khaMDana karyuM che tevuM brahmabhAvanAnuM nAmollekhapUrvaka khaMDana karyuM nathI tema chatAM temaNe AgaLa jaIne ativistArathI vedAntasaMmata pUrI prakriyAnuM je khaMDana karyuM che temAM brahmabhAvanAno nirAsa ApoApa ja samAI jAya che. (6) brahmajJAnano nirAsa : [73] kSaNabhaMgavAdano nirAsa karyA pachI upAdhyAyajI advaitavAdisaMmata brahmajJAnanuM, je jainadarzanasaMmata kevalajJAnasthAnIya che tenuM, khaMDana zarU kare che. mukhyapaNe madhusUdana sarasvatInA granthone ja sAme rAkhIne temanAmAM pratipAdita brahmajJAnanI prakriyAno nirAsa upAdhyAyajI kare che. madhusUdana sarasvatI zAMkara vedAntanA asAdhAraNa navya vidvAna che, te I.sa.nI soLamI zatAbdImAM thayA che. advaitasiddhi, siddhAntabindu, vedAntakalpalatikA Adi aneka gaMbhIra ane vidvanmAnya grantha temaNe racyA che. temanAmAMthI mukhyapaNe vedAnta5latikAno upayoga prastuta granthamAM upAdhyAyajIe karyo che.19 madhusUdana sarasvatIe vedAntakalpelatikAmAM jeTalA vistArathI ane je paribhASAmAM brahmajJAnanuM varNana karyuM che upAdhyAyajIe barAbara teTalA ja vistArathI ane te ja paribhASAmAM prastuta jJAnabindumAM tenuM khaMDana karyuM che. zAMkarasaMmata advaita brahmajJAnaprakriyAno virodha badhAM dvaitavAdI darzano ekasarakho kare che. upAdhyAyajIe paNa evo ja virodha karyo che paraMtu paryavasAnamAM thoDuMka antara che, te e ke jyAre bIjA dvaitavAdIo advaitadarzana pachI potapotAne abhimata dvaitanI sthApanA kare che tyAre upAdhyAyajI brahmajJAnanA khaMDana dvArA jainadarzanasaMmata dvaitaprakriyAnI ja spaSTapaNe sthApanA kare che. tethI e kahevAnI to AvazyakatA ja nathI ke upAdhyAyajInI khaMDanayuktio prAyaH te ja che je anya dvaitavAdIonI hoya che. prastuta khaMDanamAM upAdhyAyajIe mukhyapaNe cAra muddAo upara vAMdho uThAvyo che - (1)[73] akhaMDa brahmanuM astitva, (2) [84] brahmAkAra ane brahmaviSayaka nirvikalpaka vRtti, (3) [94] evI vRttinuM zabdamAtrajanyatva, ane (4)[79] brahmajJAnathI ajJAnAdinI nivRtti. A cAra muddAo upara jAtajAtanA vAMdhAo uThAvIne anne e ja darzAvyuM che ke advaitasaMmata 10. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa, pR. 109 paMkti 6 tathA pR. 111 paMkti 30.

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111 brahAjJAnano nirAsa brahmajJAna tathA tenA dvArA ajJAnanivRttinI prakriyA ja sadoSa ane truTipUrNa che. A khaMDananA prasaMge temaNe eka vedAntasaMmata ati ramaNIya ane vicAraNIya prakriyAno savistara ullekha karIne tenuM khaMDana karyuM che. te prakriyA A prakAranI che - (76) vedAnta pAramArthika, vyAvahArika ane prAtimAsika evI traNa sattAo mAne che je ajJAnagata traNa zaktionuM kArya che. ajJAnanI prathama zakti brahmabhinna vastuomAM pAramArthikatvabuddhi pedA kare che jene vazIbhUta thaIne loko bAhya vastuone pAramArthika mAne che ane kahe che. naiyAyikAdi darzana, jeo Atmabhinna vastuonuM paNa pAramArthikatva svIkAre che teo, ajJAnagata prathama zaktinuM ja pariNAma che arthAt Atmabhinna bAhya vastuone pAramArSika samajanArAM badhAM darano prathamazaktigarbhita ajJAnajanita che. jyAre vedAntavAkyathI brahmaviSayaka zravaNAdino paripAka thAya che tyAre pelI ajJAnanI prathama zakti nivRtta thAya che jenuM kArya prapaMcamAM pAramArthikatvabuddhi pedA karavAnuM hatuM. prathama zakti nivRtta thatAM ja ajJAnanI bIjI zakti potAnuM kArya kare che. te kArya che prapaMcamAM vyAvahArikatvanI pratIti pedA karavAnuM. jeNe zravaNa, manana, nididhyAsana siddha kyuM hoya te prapaMcamAM pAramArthikatvanuM jJAna kadI karato nathI paraMtu bIjI zakti dvArA tene prapaMcamAM vyAvahArikatvanI pratIti to avazya thAya che. brahmasAkSAtkArathI bIjI zaktino nAza thatAM ja tajjanya vyAvahArika pratItino paNa nAza thaI jAya che. je brahmasAkSAtkAravAnuM hoya che te prapaMcane vyAvahArikarUpe paNa nathI jANato paraMtu je trIjI rAti bAkI rahI che te zaktinA baLe te prapaMcane pratibhAsika rUpe jANe che. te trIjI zakti ane te zaktinuM pratibhAsika pratItirUpa kArya aMtima bodhanI sAthe nivRtta thAya che ane tyAre ja bandhamokSanI prakriyA paNa samApta thaI jAya che. upAdhyAyajIe uparyukta vedAnta prakriyAnuM balapUrvaka khaMDana karyuM che kema ke jo te te prakriyAnuM khaMDana na kare to teno phalitArtha e thAya ke vedAntanAthana anusAra jena darzana paNa prathamazaktiyukta ajJAnano ja vilAsa che ane tethI asatya che. upAdhyAyajI prasaMge prasaMge jenadanI yathArthatA ja sAbita karavA icche che. tethI temaNe pUrvAcArya haribhadranI prasiddha ukti (jJAnabindu pR. 1.26), jemAM pRthvI Adi bAhya tattvonI tathA rAgAdidoSarUpa Antarika vastuonI vAstavikatAnuM citraNa che teno havAlo ApIne vedAntanI uparyukta ajJAnazaktiprakriyAnuM khaMDana karyuM che. ahIMvedAntanI uparyukta ajJAnagata trividha rAktinI trividha sRSTivALI prakriyAnI sAthe jainadarzananI trividha AtmabhAvavALI prakriyAnI tulanA karI zakAya. jaina darzana anusAra bahirAtmA, je mithyAdaSTi hovAnA kAraNe tIvratamaSAya ane tIvratama ajJAnanA udayathI yukta che ane tethI je anAtmAne AtmA mAnI kevaLa temAM ja pravRtta thAya che te, vedAntAnusArI Adyazaktiyukta ajJAnanA baLe prapaMcamAM pAramArthikatvanI pratIti karanAranA sthAne che. jene jaina darzana aMtarAtmA arthAt anya vastuo prati ahaMtvamamatvanA bhAvamAMthI udAsIna banIne uttarottara zuddha AtmasvarUpamAM lIna thavA tarapha AgaLa vadhanAra kahe che te vedAntAnusArI ajJAnagata bIjI zakti dvArA vyAvahArika sattvanI

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana pratIti karanArI vyaktinA sthAne che, kema ke jainadarzanasaMmata aMtarAtmA te ja rIte AtmaviSayaka zravaNamanananididhyAsanavALo hoya che je rIte vedAntasaMmata vyAvahArikasarvapratItivALo brahmanA zravaNamanananididhyAsanavALo hoya che. jenadarzanasaMmata paramAtmA je teramA guNasthAnamAM vartamAna hovAnA kAraNe dravya manoyogavALo che te vedAntasaMmata ajJAnagata tRtIyazaktijanya prAtimAsikasarvapratItivALI vyaktinA sthAne che, kema ke te ajJAnathI sarvathA mukta hovA chatAM paNa dagdharastukalpa bhavopagrahikarma sAthenA saMbaMdhanA kAraNe vacanAdimAM pravRtti kare che jevI rIte pratibhAsikasarvapratItivALI vyakti brahmasAkSAtkAra thavA chatAM paNa prapaMcano pratibhAsa mAtra kare che. jene darzana jene zelezI avasthAprApta AtmA yA mukta AtmA kahe che te vedAntasaMmata ajJAna janya trividha sRSTithI para aMtimabodhavALI vyaktinA sthAne che, kemake have tene mana, vacana, kAyano koI vikalpaprasaMga raheto nathI, jevI rIte vedAntasaMmata aMtimabodhavALI vyaktine prapaMcamAM koI paNa jAtanI sarvapratIti rahetI ja nathI. () zruti ane smRtionuM jainamatAnukULa vyAkhyAna [88]vedAntaprakriyAnI samAlocanA karatI vakhate upAdhyAyajIe vedAntasaMmata vAkyomAMthI ja janasaMmata prakriyA phalita karavAno paNa prayatna karyo che. temaNe evAM aneka zrutismRtigata vAkyo uddhata kyAM che je brahmajJAna ane tenA dvArA ajJAnanA nAzanuM tathA anta brahmabhAvanI prAptinuM varNana kare che. te ja vAkyomAMthI jana prakriyAne phalita karatAM upAdhyAyajI kahe che ke A badhI kRtio ane smRtio jaina saMmata karmanA vyavadhAyakatvanuM tathA kSINakarmatvarUpa jainasaMmata brahmabhAvanuM ja varNana kare che. bhAratIya dArzanikonI e paripATI rahI che ke pahelAM potAnA pakSanA sayuktika samarthana dvArA prativAdInA pakSano nirAsa karavo ane chevaTe saMbhava hoya to prativAdIne mAnya zAstravAkyomAMthI ja potAnA pakSane phalita thato darzAvavo. upAdhyAyajIe paNa e ja karyuM che. (8) keTalAMka jJAtavya jainamantavyonuM kathanaH brahmajJAnanI prakriyAmAM AvatA judA judA muddAono nirAsa karatI vakhate upAdhyAyajIe te te sthAne keTalAka jainadarzanasaMmata muddAonuM paNa spaSTIkaraNa kyuM che. kyAMka to te spaSTIkaraNa temaNe siddhasenanI sanmatigata gAthAonA AdhAre kyuM che ane kyAMka yukti ane jenazAstrAbhyAsanA baLe karyuM che. jene prakriyAnA abhyAsIo mATe evAM keTalAMka mantavyono nirdeza ahIMkarI devo jarUrI che? (1) jaina daSTie nirvikalpaka bodhano artha (2) brahmanI jema brahmabhinnamAM paNa nirvikalpaka bodhano saMbhava (3) nirvikalpaka ane savikalpaka bodhano anekAnta (4) nirvikalpaka bodha paNa zAbda nathI paNa mAnasika che - evuM samarthana (5) nirvikalpaka bodha paNa avagraharUpanathI paraMtu apAyarUpa che-evuM pratipAdana.

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keTalAMka jJAtavya jenA mantavyonuM kathana (1) [90) vedAntaprakriyA kahe che ke jyAre brahmaviSayaka nirvikalpa bodha thAya che tyAre te brahma mAtranA astitvane tathA brahmabhinna jagatanA abhAvane sUcave che. sAthe sAthe ja vedAntaprakriyA e paNa mAne che ke Avo nirvikalpaka bodha kevaLa brahmaviSayaka ja thAya che, koI paNa anyaviSayaka thato nathI. teno e paNa mata che ke nirvikalpaka bodha thayA pachI pharI kyAreya savikalpaka bodha utpanna thato ja nathI. A traNe mantavyo viruddha upAdhyAyajI jene mantavyadarzAvatAM kahe che ke nirvikalpaka bodhano artha che zuddhadravyano upayoga, jemAM koI paNa paryAyanA vicAranI chAyA sudhdhAM na hoya. arthAt je jJAna samasta paryAyonA saMbaMdhanA asaMbhavano vicAra karIne kevala dravyane ja viSaya kare che, cityamAna dravyathI bhinna jagatanA abhAvane paNa viSaya karatuM nathI, te jJAna nirvikalpaka bodha che. tene jaina paribhASAmAM zuddhadravyanayAdeza paNa kahevAmAM Ave che. (2) evo nirvikalpaka bodhano artha darzAvIne temaNe e paNa darzAvyuM che ke nirvikalpaka bodha jemacetanadravyamAM pravRtta thaI zake che tevI ja rIte ghaTa Adi jaDa dravyamAM paNa pravRtta thaI zake che. evo koI niyama nathI ke te cetanadravyaviSayaka ja hoya. vicAraka je je jaDa yAcetana dravyamAM paryAyonA saMbaMdhanA asaMbhavano vicAra karIne kevaLadravyanA svarUpanuM grahaNa karazete te jaDa cetana badhAM dravyomAM tene nirvikalpaka bodha thaI zakaze. (3) [92] upAdhyAyajIe e paNa spaSTakyuM che ke jJAnasvarUpa AtmAno svabhAva ja evo che ke te eka mAtra nirvikalpaka jJAnasvarUpa ja nathI raheto. te zuddha dravyano vicAra choDI paryAyo tarapha jhUke che tyAre te nirvikalpaka jJAna pachI paNa paryAyasApekSasavikalpaka jJAna paNa kare che. tethI e mAnavuM yogya nathI ke nirvikalpaka bodha pachI savikalpaka bodhano saMbhava ja nathI. (4) vedAnta darzana kahe che ke brahmaviSayaka nirvikalpaka bodha 'tat tvamasi' ityAdi zabdajanyaja che. AnA viruddha upAdhyAyajI kahe che ke (pR. 30, pR. 24) evo nirvikalpaka bodha paryAyavinirmaktavicArasahakRta manathIja utpanna thato hovAnA kAraNe manojanya manAvo joIe, nahi ke zabdajanya temaNe potAne abhimata manojanyatvanuM sthApana karavAnA pakSamAM keTalIka anukULa kRtione paNa uThThata karI che [94, 95). (5) [93] sAmAnyapaNe jene prakriyAmAM evI prasiddhi che ke nirvikalpaka bodha to avagrahanuM ja bIjuM nAma che. AvI dazAmAM e prazna udbhave che ke to pachI upAdhyAyajIe nirvikalpaka bodhane mAnasika kevI rIte kahyo?, kemake avagraha vicArasahakRtamanojanyanathI jyAre zuddhadravyopayogarUpa nirvikalpaka bodha to vicArasahakRtamanojanya che. Ano uttara temaNe e Apyo che ke je vicArasahakRtamanojanya zuddhadravyopayogane ame nirvikalpaka kahyo che te to IhAtmakavicArajanya apAyarUpa che ane nAmajAtyAdikalpanAthI rahita paNa che.ll A badhAM jenAbhimata mantavyonuM spaSTIkaraNa karIne chevaTe temaNe e ja sUcavyuM che ke pUrI vedAntaprakriyA eka rIte je saMmata zuddhadravyanayAdezanI ja vicArasaraNi che, tema chatAM paNa vedAntavAkyajanya brahmamAtrano sAkSAtkAra ja kevalajJAna che evuM vedAntamantavya to koI paNa rIte janasaMmata hovuM azakya che. 11. juo jJAnabindu TippaNa, pR. 14 e. 25thI

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114 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana (9) kevalajJAna-darzanopayoganA bhedabhedanI carcA [02]kevalajJAnanI carcAne pUrI karatAM upAdhyAyajIe jJAnabindumAM kevalajJAna ane kvaladarzananA saMbaMdhamAM traNa pakSabhedo arthAt vipratipattione navyanyAyanI paribhASAmAM rajU karI che je vipratipattio jaina paraMparAmAM prAcIna samayathI pracalita rahI che. te traNa pakSo nIce pramANe che : (1) kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzana ane upayogo bhinna che ane te be eka sAthe utpanna thatAM kramazaH arthAt eka eka samayanA aMtare utpanna thatA rahe che. (2) te banne upayoga bhinnato che paraMtu temanI utpatti kramikanathI paraMtu yugapat arthAt eka sAthe ja thatI rahe che. (3) ukta bane upayogI vastutaH bhinna nathI. upayoga to eka ja che paraMtu tenA ja apekSAvizeSakRta kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzana evAM benAma che. tethI nAma sivAyanI koI bheda jevI vastu upayogamAM che ja nahi. ukta traNa pakSo upara aitihAsika daSTie vicAra karavo jarUrI che. vAcaka umAsvAti, je vikramanI trIjIthI pAMcamI zatAbdI vacce kyAreka thayA jaNAya che, temanuM pUrvavartI upalabdha jena vAlmaya jovAthI jaNAya che ke temAM kevaLa eka ja pakSa rahyo che ane te che kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzananA mavartitvano. ApaNane sauprathama umAsvAtinA tattvArthabhASya'mAM evo ullekha maLe che je spaSTapaNe yugapatRpakSano ja bodha karAvI zake che. joke tattvArthabhASyagata ukta ullekhanI vyAkhyA karatAM vikramIya AThamInavamI sadInA vidvAn zvetAmbara siddhasenagaNie? tene kamaparaka ja darzAvela che ane sAthe sAthe ja potAnI tattvArthabhASyavyAkhyAmAM yugapapakSa ane abhedapakSanuM khaMDana paNa karyuM che, paraMtu AnA upara adhika UhApoha karavAthI jaNAya che ke siddhasenagaNi pahelAM koI tattvArthabhASyanI vyAkhyA karatAM ukta ullekhane yugapaparakapaNa darzAvyo haze. jo amAruM A anumAna sAcuM hoya to evuM mAnIne cAlavuM joIe ke koIke tattvArthabhASyanA ukta ullekhanIyugapaparaka paNa vyAkhyA karI hatI je Aje upalabdha nathI. jene digambara AcArya kundakundanI kRti mAnavAmAM Ave che te niyamasAra granthamAM eka mAtra yaugapadyapakSano ja ullekha che (gAthA 159), pUjyapAda devanandIe paNa tattvArthasUtranI vyAkhyA 'sarvArthasiddhi mAM eka mAtra yugapapakSano ja nirdezakya che. zrI kundakunda ane pUjyapAda banne digambarIya paraMparAnA prAcIna vidvAna che ane bannenI kRtiomAM eka mAtra yogApadyapakSano spaSTa ullekha che. pUjyapAdanA uttaravartI digambarAcArya samantabhaDhe paNa potanI 'AptamImAMsA' mAM ekamAtra 12. matijJAnAdiSu catueM paryAyeNopayogo bhavati, na yugapat / saMbhinnajJAnadarzanasya tu bhagavataH kevalino yugapat sarvabhAvagrAhake nirapekSe kevalajJAne kevaladarzane cAnusamayamupayogo bhavati / tattvArthabhASya, 1.31. 13. juo tattvArthabhASyaTIkA, pR11-112. 14. sIjJAnamanIk samiti tat chagyeSu meLavartate nirAvarapuyugapatA sarvArthasiddhi, 1.9.

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kevalajJAna-darzanopayoganA bhedAbhedanI carcA 115 16 yugapat pakSano ullekha karyo che. ahIM e dhyAnamAM rAkhavuM joIe ke kundakunda, pUjyapAda ane samantabhadra A traNeye potAno abhimata yogapadyapakSa darzAvyo che paraMtu temAMthI koIe paNa yaugapadyavirodhI kramikapakSa yA abhedapakSanuM khaMDana karyuM nathI. tevI ja rIte amane zrI kundakundathI samantabhadra sudhInA koI paNa digambarAcAryanI evI koI kRti upalabdha thaI nathI jemAM kramikapakSa yA abhedapakSanuM khaMDana karavAmAM AvyuM hoya. AvuM khaMDana ApaNane sauprathama akalaMkanI kRtiomAM maLe che. bhaTTa akalaMke samantabhadrIya AptamImAMsA uparanI potAnI 'aSTAtI' vyAkhyAmAM yogapadyapakSanuM sthApana karatI vakhate kramika pakSanuM saMkSipta paNa spaSTa khaMDana karyuM che ane potAnA 'rAjavArtika' bhASyamAM" to kramapakSane mAnanArAone sarvajJanindaka kahIne te pakSanI agrAhyatAnI tarapha saMketa karyo che. tathA te ja rAjavArtikamAM bIje sthAne (6.10.14-16) temaNe abheda pakSanI agrAhyatA tarapha paNa spaSTa izAro karyo che. akalaMke abhedapakSanA samarthaka siddhasena divAkaranA sanmatitarka nAmanA granthamAM maLatI divAkaranI abhedaviSayaka navIna vyAkhyAno (sanmati 2.25) rAndarAH ullekha karIne teno javAba evI rIte Apyo che ke jenAthI potAne abhimata yugapattpakSa upara koI doSa na Ave ane tenuM samarthana paNa thAya. Ama ApaNe pUrA digambara vADmayane laIne jyAre joIe chIe tyAre niSkarSa e ja nIkaLe che ke digambara paraMparA eka mAtra yogapadyapakSane ja mAnatI AvI che ane temAM akalaMka pahelAM koIe paNa kramika pakSa yA abhedapakSanuM khaMDana karyuM nathI, kevaLa potAnA pakSano nirdeza mAtra karyo che. have ApaNe zvetAmbarIya vADmaya tarapha daSTipAta karIe. ame upara kahI gayA chIe ke tattvArthabhASyanA pUrvavartI upalabdha Agamika sAhityamAMthI sIdhe sIdho kevaLa kramapakSa ja phalita thAya che jyAre tattvArthabhASyanA ullekhathI yugapatpakSano bodha thAya che. umAsvAti ane jinabhadra kSamAzramaNa banne vacce ochAmAM ochuM so varSanuM aMtara che. ATalA moTA samayagALAmAM racAyelo koI evo zvetAmbarIya grantha Aja upalabdha nathI jemAM yogapadyapakSa tathA abheda pakSanI carcA yA paraspara khaMDanamaMDana hoya.18 paraMtu jyAre ApaNe vikramIya sAtamI sadImAM thayelA jinabhadra kSamAzramaNanI upalabdha be kRtione joIe 15. tattvajJAna pramAAM te yugapat sarvamAsanam| mAvi a yajJAnuM syAdvAnayasaMskRtam // 101 // 16. tajjJAnadarzanayoH kramavRttau hi sarvajJatvaM kAdAcitkaM syAt / kutastatsiddhiriti cet sAmAnyavizeSaviSayayovitAvaLayo_vat pratimA AyoAt prativandhAntAmAvAt| aSTarAtIaSTasahasrI, pR. 281. 17. rAjavArtika, 6.13.8. 18. niryuktimAM'sannaAE vevatiAvi(pAnAntara'sA')nuvaMonasthi vao' (gAthA979)A aMza maLeche je spaSTapaNekevalImAMmAnavAmAM AvatAyogapadyapakSanoja prativAda kareche. ame pahelAM eka sthAne esaMbhAvanA prakaTarI cheke niyuktinoamuka bhAgatattvArthabhASyanI pachIno paNa saMbhava che. jo A saMbhAvanA barAbara hoya to niryuktino ukta aMza je yaugapadyapakSano prativAda kareche te paNa tattvArthabhASyanAyaugapaghapratipAdaka mantavyanovirodha karatohoya evI saMbhAvanAkarIzakAya. jehote, paraMtu eTaluMtospaSTachekezrIjinabhadragaNinI pahelAMyaugapadyapakSanuM khaMDana ApaNane eka mAtra niyuktinA ukta aMza sivAyabIje kyAMya Aja maLatuMnathI, ane niryuktimAM abhedapakSanA khaMDanano to izAro paNa nathI.

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116 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana chIe tyAre evuM avazya mAnavuM paDe che ke temanA pahelAM zvetAmbara paraMparAmAM yaugapaghapakSanI tathA abhedapakSanI kevaLa sthApanA ja thaI na hatI paraMtu ukta traNe pakSonuM paraspara khaMDanamaMDanavALuM sAhitya paNa paryApta mAtrAmAM nirmANa pAmI cUkyuM hatuM. jinabhadragaNie potAnA ativistRta vizeSAvazyakabhASya'mAM (gAthA 3090thI) kRmika pakSanuM Agamiko taraphathI je vistRta satarka sthApanaryuM che temAM temaNe yaugapaghapakSa tathA abhedapakSanuM AgamAnusaraNa karIne vistRta khaMDana paNa karyuM che. taduparAMta temaNe potAnA vizeSaNavatI' nAmanA laghu granthamAM (gAthA 184thI) to vizeSAvAyakabhAonI apekSAe atyanta vistArathI potAne abhimata kamapakSanuM sthApana tathA anabhimata yaugapadyapakSatemaja abhedapakSanuM khaMDana kyuM che. kSamAzramaNanI ukta bane kRtiomAM maLatA khaMDanamaMDanagata pUrvapakSauttarapakSanI racanA tathA temAM maLatI anukULapratikULa yuktionuM dhyAnathI nirIkSaNa karatAM koIne paNa e mAnavAmAM saMdeha rahI zakto nathI ke kSamAzramaNanI pahelAM lAMbA samayathI zvetAmbara paraMparAmAM ukta traNe pakSanA mAnanArA mojUda hatA ane teo potapotAnA pakSanuM samarthana karavAnI sAthe sAthe ja virodhI pakSono nirAsa paNa karatA hatA. A krama kevaLa maukhika je cAlato na hato paraMtu zAstrabaddha paNa thato rahyo hato. te zAstro bhale ne Aja mojUda na hoya paNa kSamAzramaNanA ukta banne granthomAM temano sAra to Aja paNa jovA maLe che. AnA uparathI ApaNe e niSkarSa para pahoMcIe chIe ke jinabhadranI pahelAM paNa zvetAmbara paraMparAmAM ukta traNe pakSone mAnanArA tathA paraspara khaMDanamaMDana karanArA AcAryo thayA che, jyAre ochAmAM ochuM jinabhadranA samaya sudhImAM evo koI paNa digambara vidvAna thayo jaNAto nathI ke jeNe kamapakSa tathA abhedapakSanuM khaMDana ryuM hoya ane digambara vidvAnanI evI koI kRti to Aja sudhI paNa maLI nathI jemAM yogapaghapakSa sivAya bIjA koI paNa pakSanuM samarthana hoya. je hoya te, paraMtu ahIM prazna e thAya ja che ke prAcIna Agamono pATha kramapakSanuM ja sIdhesIdhuM samarthana kare che to pachI jaina paraMparAmAM yaugapaghapakSa ane abhedapakSano vicAra kevI rIte dAkhala thaI gayo ? Ano javAba amane be rIte sUjhe che. eka to e ke jyAre asarvajJavAdI mImAMsake badhA sarvajJavAdIone e prazna karyo ke tamAro sarvajJa jo kamathI badhA padArthone jANato hoya to te sarvajJa ja kyAMthI hoI zake? ane jo te eka sAthe badhA padArthone jANato hoya to eka sAthe badhuM jANI lIdhA pachI te zuM jANaze?, kemake pachI to kaMI ajJAta bAkI rahyuM ja nathI. AvI dazAmAM paNa te asarvajJa ja siddha thaze. A AkSepano javAba bIjA sarvajJavAdIonI jema jenoe paNa ApavAno thato hato. A ja rIte bauddha Adi sarvajJavAdI paNa jeno upara AkSepa karatA rahyA haze ke tamArA sarvajJa at to kramathI jANe che dekhe che to pachI te pUrNa sarvajJa hoya ja kevI rIte? arthAt na ja hoya. A AkSepano javAba to eka mAtra jenoe ja ApavAno thato hato. Ama uparyukta ane anya AkSepono javAba zuM Apavo enI vicAraNAmAMthI kamapakSanI viruddha sauprathama yaugapaghapakSano praveza jaina paraMparAmAM thayo. bIjo saMbhava e paNa che ke jenA paraMparAnA ja tarkazIla vicArakone ApoApa ja kramapakSamAM truTi dekhAI ane te truTinI pUrtinA vicAramAMthI temane yaugapaghapakSa sauprathama sUkyo. je jaina vidvAnoyogapaghapakSane mAnIne tenuM samarthana karatA hatA temanI sAme pakSane 19. tattvasaMgraha, kArikA3248 thI.

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kevalajJAna-darzanopayoganA bheThAbhedanI carcA 117 mAnanArAonuM moTuM Agamika daLa hatuM je AgamanAM aneka vAkyo TAMkIne e darzAvatA hatA ke yaugapaghapakSanuM jaina Agama dvArA kyAreya samarthana karI zAkAtuM nathI. jo ke dArUAtamAM yaugapaghapakSa tarkabaLanA AdhAra upara ja pratiSThita thayelo jaNAya che paraMtu saMpradAyanI sthiti ja evI hatI ke yaugapaghapakSane mAnanArAo jyAM sudhI potAnA yaugapaghapakSanuM Agamika vAkyo dvArA samarthana na kare ane Agamika vAkyothI ja kamapakSane mAnanArAone javAba na Ape tyAM sudhI temanAyaugapaghapakSano saMpradAyamAM Adara thavo zakya na hato. AvI sthitine pAmI jaIne yaugapaghapakSanA samarthaka tArkika vidvAno paNa Agamika vAkyono AdhAra potAnA pakSa mATe levA lAgyA tathA potAnI dalIlone Agamika vAkyomAMthI phalita karavA lAgyA. A rIte zvetAmbara paraMparAmAMkamapakSa tathA yaugapadyapakSanuM AgamAzrita khaMDanamaMDana cAlatuM ja hatuM tyAM to vacamAM koIne abhedapakSasUkyo. AvI sUjhavALA tArkiko yogapaghapakSavALAone kahevA lAgyA ke jo mapakSamAM truTi che to tame yaugapaghapakSavALAo paNa te truTithI bacI zatA nathI. ema kahIne teoe yaugapaghapakSamAM paNa asarvajJatva Adi doSo darzAvyA ane potAnA abhedapakSanuM samarthana rArU karyuM. emAM to saMdeha nathI ja ke eka vAra kamapakSa choDIne je yogapadyapakSane mAne te jo sIdho tabaLano Azraya le to tene abhedapakSa para na chUTake AvavuM ja paDe. abhedapakSanI sUjha dharAvanArAoe sIdhA tarkabaLathI abhedapakSane upasthita karIne kamapakSa tathA yaugapaghapakSano nirAsa to karyo paraMtu zarUAtamAM sAMpradAyika loko temanI vAtane Agamika vAkyonA samarthana vinA kevI rIte svIkAre? A muzkelIne dUra karavA mATe abhedapakSavALAoe Agamika paribhASAono navo artha karavAnuM paNa sArU karyuM ane temaNe potAnA abhedapakSane tarkabaLathI upapana karIne paNa chevaTe Agamika paribhASAonA DhAMcAmAM DhALI dIdho. krama, yaugapagha ane abheda pakSonA uparyukta vikAsanI prakriyA ochAmAM ochuM 150 varSa sudhI zvetAmbara paraMparAmAM ekadhArI cAlatI rahI ane pratyeka pakSanA samarthaka dhuraMdhara vidvAno thatA rahyA ane grantho paNa racAtA rahyA. kramavAda viruddha jainetara paraMparA taraphathI AkSepa thayA hoya ke jena paraMparAnA Antarika cintanamAMthI ja AkSepa thavA lAgyA hoya- bemAMthI bhalene game te hoya - paraMtu tenuM pariNAma to chevaTe kamazaH yaugapaghapakSa tathA abhedapakSanI sthApanAmAM ja AvyuM jenI vyavasthita carcA jinabhadranI upalabdha vizeSaNavatI ane vizeSAvazyakabhASya nAmanI banne kRtiomAM ApaNane jovA maLe che. u021 upAdhyAyajIe je traNa vipratipattio dekhADI che temano etihAsika vikAsa ane upara darzAvI gayA. have ukta vipratipattionA puraskartA tarIke je traNa AcAryone upAdhyAyajIe rajU karyA che temanA viSayamAM kaMIka vicAra karavo jarUrI che. upAdhyAyajIe kramapakSanA puraskartA tarIke jinabhadra kSamAzramaNane, yugapapakSanA puraskartA tarIke mallavAdIne ane abhedapakSanA puraskartA tarIke siddhasena divAkarane nirdezyA che. sAthe sAthe ja temaNe malayagirinA kathana sAthe thatI asaMgatino tArkika daSTie parihAra paNa karyo che. asaMgati A Ave che - jyAre upAdhyAyajI siddhasena divAkarane abhedapakSanA puraskartA tarIke darzAve che tyAre zrImalayagiri siddhasena divAkarane yugapatRpakSanA puraskartA tarIke rajU kare che. 20 upAdhyAyajIe asaMgatino parihAra ema kahIne ryo che ke 20. juonaMdITIkA, pR.134.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana zrImalayagirinuM kathana abhyapagamavAdanI dRSTie che arthAt siddhasena divAkara vastutaH abhedapakSanA puraskartA che paraMtu thoDA vakhata mATe kramavAdanuM khaMDana karavA vAste zarUAtamAM yugapattpakSano Azraya le che ane pachI chevaTe potAno abhedapakSa sthApita kare che. upAdhyAyajIe asaMgatino parihAra bhale ne game te rIte karyo hoya paraMtu amAre to ahIM traNeya vipratipattionA pakSakArone darzAvanAra badhA ullekho upara aitihAsika dRSTie vicAra karavo che. 118 ame upara batAvI gayA chIe ke krama, yugapat ane abheda e traNe vAdonI carcA karanArA sauthI prAcIna be grantha vartamAna samayamAM ApaNI samakSa che. te hanne jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNanI ja kRtio che. te bemAMthI viroSAvazyakabhASyamAM to carcA karatI vakhate jinabhadre pakSakAra tarIke na to koInuM viroSa nAma ApyuM che ane na to 'vit' 'anye' Adi jevA rAkhkho vaDe nirdeza karyo che. paraMtu vizeSaNavatImAM traNe vAdonI carcA karatAM pahelAM jinabhadre 'cit' rAkhtathI yugapatpakSane prathama rAkhyo che. tyAra pachI 'anya' kahIne kramapakSane rAkhyo che ane chelle 'anye' kahIne abhedapakSano nirdeza karyo che. vizeSaNavatInI temanI svopajJa vyAkhyA nathI, tethI ApaNe kahI zakatA nathI ke 'cit', 'anya' rAkhtathI te te vAdanA puraskartA tarIke temane kyA kayA AcArya abhipreta hatA. jo ke vizeSaNavatInI svopajJa vyAkhyA nathI tema chatAM temAM maLatI prastuta traNa vAda saMbaMdhI gAthAonI vyAkhyA sauprathama ApaNane vikramIya AThamI sadInA AcArya jinadAsagaNinI 'nandIcUrNi'mAM maLe che. te vyAkhyAmAM paNa ApaNe joIe chIe ke jinadAsagaNi 'cit', 'anya' zabdathI koI AcAryaviroSanuM nAma sUcavatA nathI. te eTaluM ja jaNAve che ke kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzana upayoga aMge AcAryonI vipratipattio che. jinadAsagaNi pachI thoDA ja samaye thayelA AcArya haribhadre te ja nandIcUrNinA AdhAre 'nantIvRtti' lakhI che. temaNe paNa potAnI A nantIvRttimAM viroSaNavatIgata prastuta carcAvALI keTalIka gAthAo laIne temanI vyAkhyA karI che. jinadAsagaNie 'ovit', 'anya' rAkhtathI koI viroSa AcAryanuM nAma sUcavyuM nathI jyAre haribhadrasUrie2 vizeSaNavatInI te ja gAthAomAM AvatA 'vaivit', 'anye' rAkhtathI viroSa 21. keI bhAMti jugavaM jANai pAsai ya kevalI niyamA / aNe egaMtariyaM icchaMti suovaeseNa // 184 // aur caiva vasuM daMsaNamicchaMti jiNavariMdassa | naviya vatALa tuM viya TurisaLa viMti / / 68 / / viroSaNavatI 22. 'veSana' siddhasenAnAryAlayaH 'maLati' / vhim ? 'yugapat' spin ne nAnAti pazyati / : ? vatI, na tyanyaH / 'niyamAt', niyamena / / 'anya'ninamAjikSamAzramaLapravRtayaH / 'jAntaritam' jAnAti pazyati ca ityevaM 'icchanti' / 'zrutopadezena' yathAzrutAgamAnusAreNa ityarthaH / 'anye' tu vRddhAcAryAH 'na caiva viSvak' pRthak tad 'darzanamicchanti' / 'jinavarendrasya' kevalina ityarthaH / kiM tarhi ? 'thayela vatajJAnaM taveva' 'me' tasya vatino 'varzana' dhrUvate / / nandIvRtti hAribhadrIya, pR. 52. /

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119 kevalAna-darzanopayoganA bheThAbheThanI carcA vizeSa AcAryonAM nAma sUcavyAM che. temaNe prathama vit' rAbdathI yugadvAdanA puraskartA tarIke siddhasenanuM nAma sUcavyuM che. tyAra pachI 'banya' zabdathI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNane kamavAdanA puraskartA tarIke sUcavyA che ane bIjA anya' zabdathI vRddhAcAryane abhedavAdanA puraskartA tarIke darzAvyA che. haribhadrasUri pachI bAramI sadInA malayagirisUrie paNa nandIsUtra upara TIkA lakhI che. temAM (pR. 134) temaNe vAdonA puraskartAonAM nAma aMge haribhadrasUrinA kathananuM ja anusaraNa karyuM che. ahIM yAda rAkhavAnI vAta e che ke vizeSAvazyakanI upalabdha banne TIkAomAM - bemAMthI pahelI AThamInavamI sadInA koTyAcAryanI che ane bIjI bAramI sadInA mAladhArI hemacandranI che - traNe vAdonA puraskartA tarIke koI AcAryavizeSanA nAmano nirdeza nathI.23 ochAmAM ochuM koTyAcAryanI sAme to vizeSAvAyakabhASyanI jinabhadrIya svapajJa vyAkhyA mojUda hatI ja. tethI e kahI zakAya ke temAM paNa traNe vAdonA puraskartA tarIke koI vizeSa AcAryanuM nAma nahi hoya, anyathA koTyAcArya te jinabhadrIya svopajJa vyAkhyAmAMthI vizeSa nAmo potAnI vizeSAvazyaka bhASyavRttimAM jarUra leta. Ama ApaNe dekhIe chIe ke jinabhadranI ekamAtra viroSaNavatIgata gAthAonI vyAkhyA karatI vakhate sauprathama AcArya haribhadra ja traNeyavAdonA puraskartAonAM vizeSa nAmono ullekha karyo che. bIjI bAju ApaNI samakSa prastuta traNe vAdonI carcA karato bIjo grantha sanmatita che je nirvivAda siddhasena divAkaranI kRti che, temAM divAkarajIe kramavAdano pUrvapakSa tarIke ullekha karatI vakhate vita' eTaluM ja kahyuM che. koI vizeSa nAmano nirdeza karyo nathI. yugAdvAda ane abhedavAdane rajU karatI vakhate temaNe vita' 'ka' jevA zabdono paNa prayoga ryo nathI. paraMtu ApaNe jyAre vikramIya agiyAramI sadInA AcArya abhayadevanI 'sanmatiTIkAne dekhIe chIe tyAre traNeyavAdonA puraskartAonAM nAma temAM ApaNane spaSTa maLe che (pU. 608). abhayadeva haribhadranI jema kumavAdanA puraskartA tarIke to jinabhadra kSamAzramaNane ja darzAve che paraMtu AgaLanuM temanuM kathana haribhadranA kathanathI juduM paDe che. haribhadra jyAre yugapaTvAdanA puraskartA tarIke AcArya siddhasenanuM nAma sUcave che tyAre abhayadeva tenA puraskartA tarIke AcArya mallavAdInuM nAma sUcave che. haribhadra jyAre abhedavAdanA puraskartA tarIke vRddhAcAryanuM nAma sUcave che tyAre abhayadeva tenA puraskartA tarIke AcArya siddhasenanuM nAma sUcave che. Ama bannenA kathanamAM je bheda yA virodha che tenA upara vicAra karavo jarUrI che. uparanA varNana uparathI vAcako e to sArI rIte jANI zakyA haze ke haribhadra tathA abhayadevanA kathanamAM kramavAdanA puraskartAnA nAma bAbata koI matabheda nathI. temano matabheda yugAdvAda ane abhedavAdanA puraskartAonAM nAma aMge che. have prazna e che ke haribhadra ane 23. maladhArIe abhedapakSanuM samarthaka 'Rtvimemapratidatam' ityAdi padya stutikAranA nAmathI uddhata karyuM che ane kahyuM che ke evuM mAnavuM yuktiyukta nathI. AthI eTaluM to spaSTa che ke maladhArIe stutikArane abhedavAdI mAnyA che. juo vizeSAvAyakabhASya gAthA 3091 uparanI TIkA. ukta padyane koTyAcArye 'kurjara' kahIne uddhata karyuM che. pR. 87.

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120 jJAnabindunuM parizIlana abhayadeva bannenAM puraskartA saMbaMdhInAmasUcaka kathanano AdhAra zuM che? jyAM sudhI ame jANI zakyA chIe tyAM sudhI ame kahI zakIe chIe ke banne sUrionI sAme kramavAdanuM samarthaka ane yugapaDhAtemaja abeThavAdanuM pratipAdaka sAhitya ekamAtra jinabhadranirmita ja hatuM jethI te bane AcArya e vAtamAM to ekamata thayAke kramavAda zrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNano che. paraMtu AcArya haribhadrano ullekha jo badhA aMzomAM abhrAnta hoya to e mAnavuM paDaze ke temanI samakSa yugapavAdano samarthaka koI svatantragrantha rahyo haze je siddhasena divAkarathI bhinnakoI anya siddhasene racyo haze ane temanI samakSa abhedavAdano samarthaka evo paNa koI granyarahyo haze je sanmatithI bhinna haze ane vRddhAcAryaracita manAto haze. jo evA koI grantho temanI samakSana paNa rahyA hoya to chevaTe ochAmAM ochuM temane evI koI sAMpradAyika janayuti ke evo koI ullekha to jarUra maLyo haze jemAM AcArya siddhasenane yugapaDhAdanA tathA vRddhAcAryane abhedavAdanA puraskartA mAnavAmAM AvyA hoya. je ho te, paraMtu ApaNe sahasA ema to na ja kahI zakIe ke haribhadra jevA bahuzruta AcArya koI ja AdhAra vinA ema ja yugapadmAda ane abhedavAdanA puraskartAonAM vizeSa nAmono ullekha karI nAkhe. samAna nAmavALA aneka AcAryo thatA rahyA che. tethI e asaMbhava nathI ke siddhasena divAkarathI bhinna koI bIjA paNa siddhasena thayA hoya je yugAdvAdanA samarthaka rahyA hoya yA manAtA hoya jo ke sanmatitarkamAM siddhasena divAkare abhedapakSanI ja sthApanA karI che, tethI ja A viSayamAM sanmatitarkanA AdhAre ApaNe kahI zakIe ke abhayadevasUrinuM abhedavAdanA puraskartA tarIke siddhasena divAkaranA nAmanuM kathana taddana sAcuM che ane haribhadranuM kathana vicAraNIya che. paraMtu ame upara kahI gayA chIe ke kama Adi traNe vAdonI carcA bahu pahelethI zarU thaI ane zatAbdIo sudhI cAlI tathA temAM aneka AcAryoe eka eka pakSa laIne vakhatovakhata bhAga lIdho. jyAre sthiti ja AvI che tyAre e paNa kalpanA karI rAkAya ke siddhasena divAkaranI pahelAM vRddhAcAryanAmanA AcArya paNa abhedavAdanA samarthaka thayA hoya yA paraMparAmAM manAtA hoya. siddhasena divAkaranA gururUpe vRddhavAdIno ullekha paNa kathAnakomAM maLe che. emAM koI ja Azcarya nathI ke vRddhAcAryaja vRddhavAdI hoya ane guru vRddhavAdI dvArA samarthita abhedavAdanuM ja vizeSa spaSTIkaraNa tathA samarthana ziSya siddhasena divAkare kyuM hoya siddhasena divAkaranI pahelAM paNa abhedavAdanA samarthako niHsaMdehapaNa thayA che. A vAta to siddhasene koI abhedavAdanA samarthaka ekadezIya matanI (sanmati 2.21) je samAlocanA karI che tenAthI ja siddha thaI jAya che. A to thaI haribhadranA kathananA AdhAranI vAta. have ApaNe abhayadevanA kathananA AdhAra upara vicAra karIzuM. abhayadevasUri samakSa jinabhadra kSamAzramaNanuM kramavAdasamarthaka sAhitya hatuM je Aja paNa maLe che ane temaNe siddhasena divAkaranA sanmatitapara to ativistRta TIkA lakhI che jemAM divAkare abhedavAdanuM pote ja mArmika spaSTIkaraNa kyuM che. Ama vAdonA puraskartAonAM nAma saMbaMdhI abhayadevanA kathanamAM kramavAdanA puraskartA tarIke jinabhadrano tathA abhedavAdanA puraskartA tarIke siddhasena divAkarano je ullekha che te to sAdhAra che ja, paraMtu yugapaDhAdanA puraskartA tarIke malavAdIne darzAvatuM je abhayadevanuM kathana che teno AdhAra kyo che? A prazna avazya Ubho thAya che. jene

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granthakAranuM tAtparya tathA temanI svapajJavicAraNA 121 paraMparAmAM malavAdI nAmanA keTalAya AcAryo thayA manAya che paraMtu yugapaDhAdanA puraskartA tarIke abhayadeva dvArA nirdiSTa madvavAdIte javAdimukhya saMbhave che jemanoracelo dvAdazAniyacakra' grantha che ane jemaNe divAkaranA sanmatitarka para paNa TIkA lakhI hatI je TIkA upalabdha nathI. jo ke dvAdarAranayacakra akhaMDa upalabdha nathI paNa tesiMhagaNI kSamAzramaNakRta TIkA sAthe khaMDita pratirUpe maLe che. hamaNAM ame te pUrA saTIka nayacakanuM avalokana karIne joyuM to temAM kyAMya paNa kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzananA viSayamAM pracalita uparyukta vAdo para thoDI paNa carcA maLI nahi. jo ke sanmatitarkanI mallavAdIkRta TIkA upalabdha nathI paraMtu jyAre mallavAdI abhedasamarthaka divAkaranA grantha para TIkA lakhe tyAre e kevI rIte mAnI zakAya ke temaNe divAkaranA granthanI vyAkhyA lakhatI vakhate temAM temanA viruddha potAno yuga5tpakSakoIka rIte sthApyo hoya. AvI rIte jyAre ApaNe vicArIe chIe tyAre e nathI kahI zakatA ke yugapAdanA puraskartA tarIke mallavAdInA abhayadeve karelA ullekhano AdhAra nayacakra ke temanI sanmatiTIkAmAM rahyo haze. jo abhayadevano ukta ullekhAMza abhrAnta ane sAdhAra hoya to vadhumAM vadhu ApaNe e ja kalpanA karI zakIe ke mallavAdIno koI anya yugapalpasamarthaka nAnomoTo grantha abhayadevanI sAme rahyo haze athavA evA mantavyavALo koI ullekhatemane maLyo haze. astu. je ho te, paraMtu atyAre ApaNI sAme ATalI vastu nizcita che ke anya vAdonuM khaMDana karIne kramavAdanuM samarthana karanAruM tathA anya vAdonuM khaMDana karIne abhedavAdanuM samarthana karanAruM svatantrasAhityamojUda che je anukrame jinabhadragaNi ane siddhasena divAkare raceluM che. anyavAdonuM khaMDana karIne ekamAtra yugapAThanuM chevaTe sthApana karanAro koI svataMtra granya jo hoya to te zvetAmbara paraMparAmAM nathI paraMtu digambara paraMparAmAM che. (10) granyakAranuM tAtparya tathA temanI svopallavicAraNA upAdhyAyajI dvArA nirdiSTa vipratipattionA puraskartAo aMge je kaMI kahevuM hatuM tene samApta karIne antamAM be vAto kahevI che: (ka) ukta traNa vAdonA rahasyane darzAvavA mATe upAdhyAyajIe jinabhadragaNinA koIka granthane laIne jJAnabindumAM tenI vyAkhyA kema na karI ane divAkaranA sanmatitarkagata ukta vAdavALA bhAgane laIne tenI vyAkhyA kema na karI? amane A pasaMdagInuM kAraNa e jaNAya che ke upAdhyAyajIne traNe vAdonA rahasyane potAnI daSTie pragaTa karavuM abhimata hatuM tema chatAM temanI tArkika buddhino vadhu jhoka avazya abhedavAdanI tarapha rahyo che. jJAnabindumAM pahelAM paNa jyAM matiyutanA ane avadhimanaH paryAyanA abhedano prazna Avyo tyAM temaNe bahu khUbIthI divAkaranA abhedamatanuM samarthana karyuM che. e sUcave che ke upAdhyAyajInuM potAnuM mukhya tAtparya abhedapakSanuM ja che. ahIM e paNa dhyAnamAM rahe ke sanmatinA jJAnakArDanI gAthAonI vyAkhyAkaratI vakhate upAdhyAyajIe keTalAMya sthAne pUrvavyAkhyAkAra abhayadevanA vivaraNanI samAlocanA karI che ane temAM truTio darzAvIne te sthAne temaNe pote ja navIna rIte vyAkhyAna paNa karyuM che.25 24. 3 4 vAripuzena zrImajhuvAdinAnmato anekAntajayapatAkATIkA, pR. 116. 25. juo jJAnabijunI kaMDikAo 104,105, 106, 110. 148, 165.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana (kha) [174] bIjI vAta upAdhyAyajInI viziSTa sUjha aMge che, te e ke jJAnabindunA aMtamAM upAdhyAyajIe prastuta traNe vAdono nayabhedanI apekSAthI samanvaya karyo che je emanA pahelAM koIne sUco jaNAto nathI. ahIM e samanvayane darzAvanAra padyono tathA tenA pachI ApavAmAM AvelA jJAnamahattvasUcaka padyono sAra ApavAno lobha ame rokI rAkatA nathI. sAva chelle upAdhyAyajIe potAnI prarAsti ApI che jemAM temano potAno tathA potAnI guruparaMparAno te ja paricaya che je temanI anya kRtionI prAptiomAM paNa maLe che. sUcita paghono sAra A pramANe che : 123 (1) je loko gatAnugatika buddhivALA hovAnA kAraNe prAcIna zAstrono akSarazaH artha kare che ane navo tarkasaMgata artha karatAM yA teno svIkAra karatAM khacakAya che temane lakSyamAM rAkhIne upAdhyAyajI kahe che ke zAstronAM purANA vAkyomAMthI yuktisaMgata navo artha kADhatAM te loko ja Dare che jeo tarkazAstrane jANatA nathI. tarkazAstranA jANakAra to potAnI prajJAthI navA navA artho prakAzita karatAM cAreya khacakAtA nathI. A vAtanuM udAharaNa to sanmatino bIjo kANDa ja che jemAM kevalajJAna ane kevaladarzananA viSayamAM kramapakSa, yaugapadyapakSa tathA abhedapakSanuM khaMDanamaMDana karatI carcA che. A carcAmAM prAcIna eka ja sUtravAkyomAMthI dareka pakSakAre potapotAnA abhipreta pakSane siddha karavA mATe tarka dvArA judA judA artho phalita karyA che. (2) mallavAdI je eka ja samayamAM jJAnadarzana be upayoga mAne che temaNe bhedasparzI vyavahAranayano Azraya lIdho che. arthAt mallavAdIno yaugapaghavAda vyavahAranayanA abhiprAyathI samajavo joIe. pUjyazrI jinabhadragaNi kSamAzramaNa je kramavAdanA samarthaka che te kAraNa ane phaLanI sImAmAM zuddha RjusUtranayanuM pratipAdana kare che. arthAt te kAraNa ane phaLarUpe jJAnadarzanano bheda to vyavahAranayasiddha mAne ja che paraMtu te bhedathI AgaLa vadhIne te RjusUtranayanI daSTithI mAtra ekasamayAvacchinna vastunuM astitva mAnIne jJAna ane darzanane bhinna bhinna samayabhAvI kAryakAraNarUpe kramavartI pratipAdita kare che. siddhasenasUri je abhedapakSanA samarthaka che temaNe saMgrahanayano Azraya lIdho che je kAryakAraNa yA anyaviSayaka bhedonA ucchedamAM ja pravINa che. tethI A traNe sUripakSanayabhedanI apekSAe paraspara viruddha nathI. (3) kevalaparyAya utpanna thaIne cAreya vicchinna nathI thato. tethI te sAdianaMta paryAyanI sAthe tenI upAdAnabhUta caitanyarAktino abheda mAnIne ja caitanyane zAstramAM sAdianaMta kahela che, ane jyAre caitanyane kramavartI yA sAdisAnta kahela che tyAre kevalaparyAyanA bhinna bhinna samayAvacchinna aMgonI sAthe caitanyanI abhedavivakSAthI. jyAre kevalaparyAya eka mAnI lIdho tyAre tadgata sUkSma bhedo vivakSita nathI, ane jyAre kAlakRta sUkSma aMzo vivakSita che tyAre te kevalaparyAyanI akhaMDatA gauNa che. (4) bhinna bhinna kSaNabhAvI ajJAnanA nArA ane jJAnanI utpattinA bhedanA AdhAre pracalita evA bhinna bhinna nayAzrita aneka pakSa zAstramAM jema saMbhaLAya che tevI ja rIte jo traNe AcAryonA pakSomAM nayAzrita matabheda hoya to temAM zuM Azcarya che ? eka ja viSayamAM judA judA vicAronI ekasarakhI pradhAnatA kacAMya koIe joI che ?

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granthakAranuM tAtparya tathA temanI svopajJa vicAraNA 123 ahIM upAdhyAyajIe zAstraprasiddha te nayAzrita pakSabhedonuM sUcana karyuM che je ajJAnanAza ane jJAnotpattino samaya judo judo mAnIne temaja eka mAnIne pracalita che. eka pakSa to e ja kahe che ke AvaraNano nArA ane jJAnanI utpatti e banne che to bhinna paraMtu utpanna thAya che eka ja samaye, jyAre bIjo pakSa kahe che ke bannenI utpatti judA judA samaye thAya che pahelAM ajJAnano nArA thAya che ane pachI ja jJAnotpatti thAya che. trIjo pakSa kahe che ke ajJAnano nArA ane jJAnanI utpatti e koI judA judA bhAvo nathI paraMtu eka ja vastunA bodhaka abhAvapradhAna ane bhAvapradhAna be bhinna rAbdamAtra che. (5) je jainazAstra anekAntanA baLe sattva ane asattva jevA paraspara viruddha dharmono samanvaya karyo che ane jeNe vizeSyane cAreka vizeSaNa ane vizeSaNane kyAreka viroSya mAnavAno svIkAra karyo che te jaina zAstra jJAnanA viSayamAM pracalita traNe pakSonI gauNapradhAnabhAvathI vyavasthA kare to te saMgata ja che. (6) svasamayamAM paNa je anekAnta jJAna che te pramANa ane naya ubhaya dvArA siddha che. anekAntamAM te te nayano potapotAnA viSayamAM Agraha avazya hoya che paraMtu sAthe sAthe bIjA nayanA viSayamAM tenI taTasthatA paNa hoya che ja. A ja anekAntanI khUbI che. Avo anekAnta kyAreya suguruonI paraMparAne mithyA TharAvato nathI. vizAla buddhivALA vidvAna sadarzana tene kahe che jemAM sAmaMjasyane sthAna hoya. (7) khala puruSo hatabuddhi hovAnA kAraNe nayonuM rahasya to jarA paNa jANatA nathI paraMtu UlaTuM teo vidvAnonA vibhinna pakSomAM virodha dekhADe che. A khalo kharekhara candra ane sUrya tathA prakRti ane vikRtino vyatyaya karanArA che. arthAt teo rAtane divasa tathA divasane rAta ane kAraNane kArya tathA kAryane kAraNa kahetAM paNa khacakAtA nathI. duHkhanI vAta che ke khala puruSo guNone khoLI rAkatA nathI. (8) prastuta jJAnabindu granthanA asAdhAraNa svAda AgaLa kalpavRkSanA phaLano svAda zuM cIja che tathA A jJAnabindunA AsvAda AgaLa drAkSAsvAda, amRtavarSA ane strIsaMpatti AdinA AnandanI ramaNIyatA paNa zuM cIja che ? jJAnabindunA rasAsvAda AgaLa bIjA rasAsvAdonI koI visAta nathI.

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jJAnabindunuM parizIlana SANSKRIT-SANSKRITI GRANTHAMALA GENERAL EDITOR NAGIN J. SHAH Publications 1. A Study of Jayanata Bhatta's Nyayamanjari, Rs. 90=00 A Mature Sanskrit Work on INDIAN LOGIC Part I by Nagin J. Shah (1993) 2. Jaina-Darsana ane Sankhya-Yoga-izar jnana-Darsana Rs. 150=00 Vicarana (Gujarati) by J. D. Sheth (1994) 3. A Study of Jayanata Bhatta's Nyayamanjari on Rs. 225=00 INDIAN LOGIC Part II by Nagin J. Shah (1995) 4. A Study of Jayanata Bhatta's Nyayamanjari on Rs. 198=00 INDIAN LOGIC Part III by Nagin J. Shah (1997) 5. Bharatiya Tattvajnana - Ketalika Samasya (Gujarati) Rs. 99=00 by Nagin J. Shah (1998) 6. Essays in Indian Philosophy by Nagin J. Shah (1998) Rs. 120=00 7. Samantabhadra's Aptamimamsa - Critique of Rs. 108=00 An Authority (along with English translation, notes and Akalanka's Sanskrit Commetary Astasati) by Nagin J. Shah (1999) 8. HIGH SGT (HRAGFA), 4f 5 3 aasta eft faucah Rs. 50=00 04 FABI. (2000) 9. Lise aelorthi zufaculazulz auf tolla on. Ils (2002) Rs. 18000 10. Culed and yelu - allunt 24242841 elalui Lied Rs. 180=00 4245: fae324 slalat (2008) 11. Gol-eziyelu fellul-Furl-EuRailedt (2005) Rs. 150=00 aus : uile HELLY, B4LLLES : tolltoy. OLLS About A study of Nyayamanjari "The book under review is a mature contribution of a mature scholar." Prof. V. N. Jha, Director, Centre of Advanced Studies in Sanskrit, Poona University, in Annals of Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute. LXXVI. "This is just an illustration of how interesting and revealing is the study which Dr. Shah has presented not only from a logical but also from a cultural point of view. Dr. Shah has presented an important text in its wide ranging context with full mastery. He is at home in the different philosophical schools discussed, and his mastery of the language and tradition of Nyaya and Buddhism enables him to create before the reader a fascinating panorama of ancient philosophical discussion. ...His work will undoubtedly remain a standard work of reference for a long time to come." . Prof. G. C. Pande, Former Vicechancellor, Universities of Rajasthan and Allahabad, in Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bombay Volume 72 (1997)

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anuvAdaka paricaya 'prAdhyApaka nagInadAsa jIvaNalAla rAhano janma surendranagara jillAnA sAyalA gAme sana 1931 mAM thayo hato. te ela. DI. insTiTyuTa oNpha inDolojI (amadAvAda)nA adhyakSapada para hatA. have nivRtta che. te saMrakatanA vidvAna che. bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA kSetramAM temanuM pradAna bahumUlya che. jaina, bauddha, sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vairoSika ane vedAnta dano vize vidvadabhogya grantho lakhI. jijJAsuo ane adhyetAone bhAratIya darzananA abhyAsa mATe citanasAmagrI pUrI pADI che. paMDita sukhalAlajInA mArgadarzana nIce temaNe lakhelo ane gujarAta yunivarsiTIe pIeca.DI.nI padavI mATe mAnya rAkhelo mahAnibaMdha Akalaika's, Criticism of Dharmakirti's Philosophy A Study 1968mAM prakAzita thayo che; tene AMtararASTrIya vidvAnoe prazaMsApUrvaka AvakAryo che. te uparAMta temaNe aMgrejI bhASAmAM traNa bahumUlya svatanna granyonI racanA karI hAnika jagatanI anupama sevA karI che. A traNa (1) A Study of Nyayamanjari, a Mature Sanskrit Work on INDIAN LOGIC (in three parts) (2) Essays in Indian Philosophy and (3) Samantabhadra's Aptamimamsa - Critique of an Authority. A uparAMta temaNe munizrI nyAyavijayajInA vizAlakAya prasiddha grantha 'jana darzana''nuM virATa aMgrejI bhASAntara (Jaind Philosophy and Religion) ApaNane ApyuM che. temaNe gujarAtImAM (1) sAMkhyayoga, (2) nyAyavazeSika, (3) khoddhadharmadana, (4) bhAratIya tattvajJAna - keTalIka samasyA, (5) jenadanamAM zraddhA (samyagdarzana), matijJAna ane kevaLajJAnanI vibhAvanA, (6) zAMkara vedAntamAM avighAvicAra jevA chA cintanapradhAna granyonI racanA karI dArzanikonI prIti saMpAdana karI che. sAthe sAthe saMkta granya nyAyamaMjarIno temaNe karelo gujarAtI anuvAda (pAMca bhAgamAM) bhAratIya tattvajJAnanA gujarAtIbhASI adhyApako ane adhyetAone atyanta upayogI sAbita thayo che. taduparAMta, nyAyamaMjarInI hastapratamAM upalabdha paraMtu aghAvadhi aprakAzita ekamAtra TIkA nyAyamaMjarIgranthibhaMganuM temaNe uccastarIya saMpAdana-saMzodhana kyuM che. A sivAya bIjA paNa aneka 'adhyAtmabindu' jevA jJAnagauravapUrNa saMskRta granyonuM hastapratonA AdhAre samIkSita saMpAdana karyuM che. vaLI, Adhunika vidvAnonAM dArzanika graMthonuM paNa temaNe saMpAdana karyuM che. Bumi MetaYSL: (1) Jaina Theory of Multiple Facets of Reality and Truth (2) Pramanamimamsa - A Work on Jaina Logic (Sanskrit Text in Roman Script with English Translation, Pt. Sukhlalji's Extensive Introduction and Philosophical Notes.) mahAmahopAdhyAya vidhurokhara bhaTTAcAryajI likhita Basic Conception of Buddhism nAmanA pustakano temaNe karelo gujarAtI anuvAda paNa prakAzita thayo che. vilhema 915d India And Europe-ul WL UPL 'India in the History of European Self-Understanding'no gujarAtI anuvAda paNa temaNe karyo che. Ama nivRtti pachI paNa te saideva cintana- mananapata dArzanika graMthonA lekhana, saMpAdana ane anuvAdano. kAryamAM rata rahe che. nivRtti pachI temaNe svatantrapaNe saMskRta-saMsakRti granthamAlAnI sthApanA karI cheA granthamAlAmAM temaNe lakhelA nava granyo prakAzita thayA che.