Apbhramsa Bharti 1990 01

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Gyanchandra Khinduka, Chhotelal Sharma
Publisher: Apbhramsa Sahitya Academy
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/521851/1

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janavarI, 1990 apabhraMza bhAratI svayaMbhU vizeSAMka ba NANujjIvo jovo jaina vidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIra jI apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI rAjasthAna 1

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apabhraMza bhAratI paddhavArSika zodha-patrikA janavarI, 1990 sampAdaka zrI jJAnacandra khindUkA DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI DaoN. choTelAla zarmA prakAzaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI mudraka jarnala presa jayapura-302001 vArSika mUlya cAlIsa rupaye mAtra

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viSaya-sUcI kra.saM. viSaya lekhaka pR. saM. sampAdakIya prakAzakIya DaoN. trilokInAtha premI apabhraMza ke prAdi kavi svayaMbhU jagata meM jIva akelA mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. kailAzanAtha TaNDana mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva kI bhASA meM prayukta svara-dhvaniyoM kA vivecana jarA na jarI kAraka-vidhAna mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. rAmabarana pAThaka suzrI prIti jaina 'paumacariu' para AdhArita saMdhi-vidhAna svayaMbhU aura pakSa-vicAra ___eu Na jANaho ekku para DaoN. choTelAla zarmA mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI paumacariu kA eka prasaMga vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa svayaMbhU-bhASA-zabda-sampadA sIlu je maNDaNau paumacariu ke kAvyacitra pro. kailAzacandra bhATiyA mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. suSamA zarmA DaoN. je. esa. kusumagItA mahAkavi svayaMbhU DaoN. kamalacanda sogAraNI paumacariu meM biMba vizvAsa karo apabhraMza racanA saurabha sahayogI lekhaka

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sampAdakIya 'apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' kI sthApanA apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ke svatantra zradhyayana-adhyApana ke vizeSa uddezya ko lekara huI hai / prapabhraMza bhASA eka sazakta janabhASA rahI hai jise 'dezI bhASA' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thA / kAlAntara meM ise 'avahaTTa, apabhraMza' Adi nAma diye gaye / dhIre-dhIre isa janabhASA meM sAhitya kA nirmANa bhI hone lagA / apabhraMza bhASA meM sAhitya kI sabhI vidhAtroM meM racanAeM kI jAne lagI / samUce rASTra meM isa 'janabolI' meM sAhitya racA gyaa| kazmIra ke zaivagraMtha apabhraMza meM haiN| kAmarUpa, bihAra, ur3IsA ke siddhoM kI MarayoM kI bhASA apabhraMza hai| gorakhanAtha ke vacana isI bhASA meM hai| prAMdhra meM puSpadanta ne, karnATaka meM svayaMbhU ne aura uttara pradeza meM kanakAmara ne jaina caritoM kI racanA apabhraMza meM hI kI hai / vidyApati vaiSNava- gIta isI meM gAte haiM aura aitihAsika zrAkhyAna kI yojanA apabhraMza meM hI karate haiM / gujarAta aura rAjasthAna ke sUriyoM ne isakA prayoga aneka vidhAoM meM kiyA hai / rAjasthAna ke joindu aura rAmasiMha zrAdhyAtmika rahasyavAda kA udbodhana isI bhASA meM karate haiN| multAna ke abdula rahamAna ne lokagItoM ko isI ke svaroM meM bAMdhA hai aura candabaradAyI kI bhojabharI garjanA isI meM sunAI par3atI hai / 'vIsaladeva rAso' aura 'DholA mArU rA dUhA' isake avahaTTha rUpa kI hI racanAeM haiN| saMta jJAnezvara ne bhI 'jJAnezvarI' meM yathAsthAna isakA sahArA liyA hai / vidyAdhara aura muMja kA prema isI ( bhASA) meM itanA bhAvuka ho sakA hai| raidhU to kala taka isI bhASA meM likhate haiM / kahane kA tAtparya hai ki jJAta aura ajJAta aneka kavilekhakoM ne apabhraMza sAhitya ke kalevara kI vRddhi kI hai / isa prakAra yaha deza kI sAhityika bhASA hI nahIM rASTrabhASA bhI bana gaI / lokajIvana kI aisI koI vidhA nahIM bacI jisa para apabhraMza bhASA meM na likhA gayA ho| isameM rASTrabhASA ko adhikAdhika puSTa, baliSTa karane kI hara prakAra kI saMbhAvanA hai / itanA vizAla aura mahatvapUrNa sAhitya hote hue bhI prArambha meM yaha upekSita hI rhaa| sabhI Adhunika bhAratIya prAryabhASAoM ke samAna prAdhAra apabhraMza meM surakSita haiM kintu upekSA ke kAraNa isakA mahatva ujAgara nahIM huA jisase deza meM bhASAyI vivAda khar3e ho gaye / usakA bhASAyI ekIkaraNa DagamagA gayA / boliyoM kI pAribhASika

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(ii) apabhraMza bhAratI zabdAvalI prophala ho gaI / itihAsa aura paramparA kI zrRMkhalA TUTa gii| isa taraha apabhraMza bhASA aura sAhitya ko bhulAkara hamane apanI pahacAna hI nahIM kho dI varan rASTrIya ekatA ko bhI kinAre kara diyaa| siddhoM aura nAthoM kI zabdAvalI samajha se pare ho gaI / kabIra, sUra, tulasI aura jAyasI kI racanAoM meM apabhraMza zabda- zabdarUpoM, kriyA- kriyArUpoM kI bahulatA hai, apabhraMza kI ina zabdAvaliyoM se pUrNa paricaya na hone ke kAraNa unake ( unakI racanAoM) ke samyak artha na samajhe jA sake / apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI kA kA prayAsa hai apabhraMza ke adhyayana-adhyApana ko sazakta karake usake sahI rUpa ko sAmane rakhanA jisase zrAdhunika prAryabhASAnoM ke svabhAva aura unakI saMbhAvanAeM spaSTa ho skeN| zodha patrikA 'apabhraMza-bhAratI' isameM sahAyaka ho sakegI / 'svayaMbhU' apabhraMza ke puraskartA haiM / ve prapabhraMza ke prathama jJAta kavi haiN| 'apabhraMza ' bhASA para aisA acUka adhikAra phira kabhI kisI kavi kA nahIM dikhAI diyaa| pralaMkRta bhASA to bahutoM ne likhI lekina aisI pravAhamayI aura lokapracalita 'apabhraMza' phira nahIM likhI gaI / ve pahale bindu para bhI haiM aura AkhirI para bhI / unhoMne lokabhASA apabhraMza ko ucca Asana para pratiSThita kiyA / svayaMbhU ne lokabhASA kI saMbhAvanAoM ko sAhityika saundarya se itane gahare utarakara jor3A ki unako sAhityazAstrI prAja taka nAma bhI nahIM de paae| isa taraha svayaMbhU asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI the / 'apabhraMza bhAratI' ke ekAdhika aMka mahAkavi svayaMbhU ke sAhitya para hI prAdhArita hoNge| yaha prathama aMka bhI svayaMbhU vizeSAMka ke rUpa meM prastuta hai / patrikA ke lekhakoM evaM anya sabhI sahayogiyoM ke prati AbhArI haiN| jarnala presa bhI dhanyavAda hai / jJAnacandra vindUkA DaoN. kamalacanda sogAraNI DaoN. choTelAla zarmA

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prakAzakIya bhArata vibhinna bhASAoM kA deza hai| yahAM bahuta prAcIna kAla se hI loka-bhASAmoM meM sAhitya likhA jAtA rahA hai / jIvana ke vividha mUlyoM ke prati janatA ko jAgRta karane ke lie lokajIvana ke vividha pakSoM, sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko lokabhASA meM abhivyakta karanA prAvazyaka evaM mahatvapUrNa hai / lokabhASA meM hI jana-cetanA kI hRdayasparzI abhivyakti hotI hai| 'apabhraMza' bhI lokabhASA thii| IsA kI chaThI zatAbdI taka Ate-Ate 'apabhraMza' sAhityika abhivyakti ke lie sazakta mAdhyama bana gii| 7vIM zatI se 17vIM zatI taka apabhraMza meM sAhitya-racanA hotI rahI / apabhraMza eka laMbe samaya taka uttara bhArata kI bhASA banI rahI / bhArata ke sabhI vargoM ne isameM sAhitya likhA kintu kAlAntara meM vaha sAhitya luptaprAyaH ho gayA / kyoM-kase ? kucha kahA nahIM jA sktaa| zAyada deza kI prAMtarika uthala-puthala ke kAraNa aisA huA ho / jo kucha sAhitya prAja sAmane hai vaha bar3e saMgharSa kA phala hai| kucha sAhitya jaina maMdiroM aura bhaMDAroM meM chipA raha gayA, kucha tibbata Adi ke pIThoM meM to kucha janatA ke kaNTha meM / upekSA ne isake saMrakSaNa ko saMkucita kara diyaa| phira bhI nIMva pakkI thI isalie DagamagAI jarUra lekina girI nahIM / prAja isameM aihika sAhitya ke atirikta vaiSNava, zaiva, zAkta, siddha aura jaina sAhitya puSkala mAtrA meM milatA hai| apabhraMza kA sAhitya prakAzita na hone ke kAraNa isakI ThIka-ThIka ruci pAThakoM meM nahIM panapa sakI / isake samucita jJAna kA prabhAva banA rahA isalie isake adhyayana-adhyApana kI ucita vyavasthA na ho sakI / isase apabhraMza kA hI nahIM, Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA bhI bar3A nukasAna hunaa| unake sAhitya kA prAmANika itihAsa nahIM bana sakA / unakI bhASAmoM kA sahI vizleSaNa nahIM ho skaa| unake aneka kAvyarUpoM ke srota jJAta nahIM ho ske| isakA dezavyApI pariNAma huA / ekIkaraNa kI prakriyA meM darAra par3a gaI, deza meM bhASAyI vivAda uTha khar3e hue paura rASTra vikharAva kI capeTa meM A gayA / boliyoM aura

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apabhraMza bhAratI (iv) janapadIya bhASAoM kI pAribhASika zrora takanIkI zabdAvalI dabI raha gaI, unake lie nae koza ubhara kara prAe jo zikSA para bhAra bana gaye / itihAsa aura paramparA kI kar3iyAM hI bhaTaka gaIM, hamArI pahacAna kho gaI / apabhraMza bhASA kI saMbhAvanAeM vizAla haiM / lokajIvana kI aisI koI vidhA nahIM jo yahAM na ho / kavi svayaMbhU prathama apabhraMza kavi haiM jinakA sAhitya hameM upalabdha hai, isase pUrva ke kaviyoM ke nAmollekha to prApta hote haiM parantu koI kRti nahIM miltii| isa prakAra mahAkavi svayaMbhU apabhraMza ke 'Adikavi' haiN| lokabhASA apabhraMza ko uccAsana para pratiSThApita karane vAle kavi haiM svayaMbhU / apabhraMza kA koI bhI paravartI kavi svayaMbhU ke prabhAva se mukta nahIM raha sakA / ve asAdhAraNa pratibhA ke dhanI the / paumacariu, riTThamicariu aura svayaMbhUchanda kavi svayaMbhU kI tIna racanAeM haiM / paumacariu kA viSaya rAmakathA hai aura riTThaNemicariu kA harivaMza kI kathA | svayaMbhUchanda chandoM se sambandhita kRti hai / inameM prathama do mahAkAvya haiM / paumacariu va svayaMbhU chanda pUrNa prakAzita haiM, riTThamicariu kA kucha aMza prakAzanAdhIna hai / ina kAvyoM se svayaMbhU kI kAvyapratibhA, prabhAvazIlatA, maulikatA aura janabhASA ke prati unakI agAdha niSThA kA paricaya milatA hai / apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI apanI zodha patrikA 'apabhraMza bhAratI' kA prathama aMka svayaMbhU - sAhitya para prakAzita kara usa mahAn sAhityasAdhaka ke avadAna ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAnA cAhatI hai / yaha prathama aMka svayaMbhU kI racanA 'paumacariu' para zrAdhArita hai / jJAnacandra bindUkA saMyojaka apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mahAvIrajI

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apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI pramukha yojanAeM apabhraMza sAhitya ke adhyayana-adhyApana evaM pracAra-prasAra hetu digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrImahAvIrajI kI prabandhakAriNI kameTI dvArA saMcAlita jainavidyA saMsthAna ke antargata 7 navambara 1988 ko 'apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI' kI sthApanA kI gaI / apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana prAdhunika bhAratIya bhASAoMoM aura unakI boliyoM ke sAhitya ke adhyayana meM pramukharUpa se sahAyaka hai / apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI kI apanI eka yojanA hai, lakSya hai, kucha apekSAeMprAkAMkSAeM haiM aura kucha upalabdhiyAM / yojanAeM - paricaya - prasAra prakoSTha, zodha aura prAyojanA prakoSTha, pAMDulipi prakoSTha Adi ke mAdhyama se prArambha kI jAnevAlI katipaya pramukha yojanAeM 1. paricaya prasAra prakoSTha (a) apabhraMza pravezikAoM kA nirmANa jisase apabhraMza bhASA ko saralarUpa meM sIkhAsikhAyA jA sake / ( A ) 1 vizvavidyAlayoM aura mahAvidyAlayoM ke hindI vibhAgoM evaM kSetrIya bhASA vibhAgoM se samparka karanA / 2 unake pAThyakramoM meM apabhraMza ko sthAna dilAnA / 3 unakA pAThyakrama banAnA / 4 tadanurUpa pAThyasAmagrI kA saMkalana evaM usakA prakAzana / (i) vizvavidyAlayoM aura mahAvidyAlayoM ke pravaktAnoM-prAdhyApakoM ko apabhraMza bhASA, sAhitya, vyAkaraNa par3hane-par3hAne ke lie prazikSaNa denA aura tadanurUpa alpakAlIna ziviroM kI vyavasthA karanA /

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(vi) apabhraMza bhAratI (6) apabhraMza sAhitya ke jJAna se sambandhita sarTIphikeTa parIkSA-DiplomA parIkSA samAraMbha karanA aura unakA pAThyakrama banAnA, tadanurUpa pAThyasAmagrI kA saMkalana karanA aura usakA prakAzana krnaa| (u) patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se sarTiphikeTa aura DiplomA ke prazikSaNa kI vyavasthA / (U) sarTIphikeTa aura DiplomA parIkSAmoM ko yathAsaMbhava vizvavidyAlaya anudAna samiti tathA anya vizvavidyAlayoM dvArA mAnya kraanaa| (e) apabhraMza bhASA sAhitya meM snAtaka, snAtakottara evaM ema. phila. kI vyavasthA karanA / unake anurUpa pAThyasAmagrI kA saMkalana karanA aura unakA prakAzana krnaa| (ai) zodha-patrikA apabhraMza-bhAratI kA prakAzana / zoSa aura prayojanA prakoSTha (a) 1. apabhraMza bhASA 2. apabhraMza sAhitya aura 3. apabhraMza vyAkaraNa sambandhI adhyayana aura prayojanAmoM kI vyavasthA karanA / (prA) alpakAlIna aura dIrghakAlIna prayojanAmoM kA zubhAraMbha karanA / (i) vizvavidyAlayoM se apane nidezaka ko mAnyatA dilAne kA prayatna krnaa| (I) vizvavidyAlayoM aura mahAvidyAlayoM meM honevAle isa prakAra ke zodhakArya meM sahAyatA kI vyavasthA karanA / 3. pAMDulipi prakoSTha (a) apabhraMza bhASA kI yathAprApya pADulipiyoM kA saMgraha karanA / (mA) unakA nava vaijJAnika praNAlI ke AdhAra para pAThAlocana kI vyavasthA karanA, prAdi / upalabdhiyAM 1. apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI ke sarTiphikeTa, DiplomA mAdi ke pAThyakrama prAraMbha ho cuke haiN| 2. vizvavidyAlayoM ke adhyApakoM kA eka prazikSaNa zivira sampanna ho cukA hai| 3 vibhinna sthAnoM meM prApya apabhraMza pAMDulipiyoM kI phoTosTeTa pratiyoM kA saMgraha prAraMbha kiyA jA cukA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya meM vizvavidyAlaya ke bI.e., ema.e., ema. phila. tathA akAdamI ke lie sarTIphikeTa, DiplomA aura hAyara DiplomA ke rASTrIya stara ke pAThyakrama nirmita kara liye gaye haiM jinheM zaikSaNika pariSad dvArA anumodana prApta hai| 5. pAThyakrama kI pratiyAM vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM ko bhejI jA cukI haiM / 6. pAThyakrama ke anurUpa saMkalana taiyAra kiye jA rahe haiN| 7. prAraMbhika vyAkaraNa kA prakAzana mudraNAdhIna hai / 8. zodha-patrikA 'apabhraMza-bhAratI' kA prathama aMka prakAzita hokara prApake hAthoM meM hai|

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apabhraMza ke Adi kavi svayaMbhU -DaoN. trilokInAtha 'premI bhAratIya-vAGmaya meM paurANika kAvya-paramparA samagra bhAratIya bhASAmoM ke sAhitya ke lie mahattvapUrNa upajIvya rahI hai / kathya aura zilpa donoM hI dRSTiyoM se paravartI kAvya usakA RNI hai / zAstra aura prAgamoM kI vicAradhArA ko jana-jIvana meM utArane tathA sahaja, rucikara evam bodhagamya banAne ke lie paurANika sAhitya ke yogadAna ko vismRta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / yahI kAraNa hai ki pra-vaidika bauddha aura jaina-dharmAvalaMbI saMpradAyoM meM bhI aise sAhitya kI saMracanA kA srota sphurita humA milatA hai| bauddha tathA jainoM kA aparimita kathA-sAhitya isakA nidarzana hai / bauddha-siddhoM kI to vANI kA mAdhyama jana-jIvana kI bhASA se itara ho jAne ke kAraNa apanI pRthak lIka banA letA hai| kintu jaina muniyoM aura kaviyoM ne dharma ke pracArArtha jana-bhASA ko apanAkara apane kRtitva ko amara banA diyaa| yaha jana-bhASA apabhraMza hai jo 8 vIM se 13 vIM zatAbdI taka samUce uttara bhArata meM sAhityika abhivyakti kA sabala mAdhyama banI rahI / saMskRta kI tulanA meM apanI saralatA, sarasatA, vyAkaraNika kaThoratA se se dUra, parasagoM kI prayogabahulatA aura vAkya-vinyAsa kI sahajatA ke kAraNa isane na jAne kitane jaina-ajaina kaviyoM ko kAvya-racanA ke lie AkarSita kiyaa| baMgAla ke sarahapA prAdi siddhoM ne apane 'dohA-koza' ke lie ise cunA, to mithilA ke vidyApati ne sthAnIya bolI kA puTa dekara ise apane gItoM kA mAdhyama banAyA-'desila bamanA saba jana miTThA / multAna musalamAna kavi abdula rahamAna ke kaMTha se bhI 'saMdeza rAsaka' viraha-kAvya kI saMracanA meM

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apabhraMza bhAratI yahI sphurita huI aura jaina muniyoM meM svayaMbhU Adi ne bhI ise hI apnaayaa| sacamuca prAtmasukha aura prAtma-vizvAsa kI abhivyakti kA puSTa mAdhyama loka bhASA ke atirikta aura anya nahIM / kavitA kavi ke isI prAtma-sukha aura prAtma-vizvAsa kI hI sahaja abhivyakti hai, cAhe vaha prabandhaparaka ho athavA muktaka / usakA sahaja sIdhApana aura sapATapana apanI vyaMjanA aura vakratA kI naisargikatA meM, kavi ke marma ko ujAgara karane meM jahA~ sAdhaka banatA hai, vahAM zilpagata saundarya ko bhI samRddha karatA hai / kRtrimatA aura banAvaTIpana meM kavitA jana-jIvana se dUra hokara saMpreSaNa kI zakti kI kho baiThatI hai / nidAna, 'svAntaH sukhAya' ke sAtha 'parasukhAya' kI pravRtti kavitA kI saphalatA kI AdhAra-bhUmi hai / prastu, kavitA meM sahajatA aura abhivyakti kA bAMkapana loka-bhASA yA jana-bhASA kI pravRtti ke kAraNa svataH udbhUta ho jAte haiN| tabhI to kavitA ke zabda 'prApa-bolA' hote haiN| saMskRta ke Adikavi vAlmIki ne isIlie apanI rAmAyaNa meM laukika-saMskRta ko hI mAdhyama banAyA hai aura apabhraMza ke prAdikavi svayaMbhU to 'sAmaNNa gAmilla bhAsa' ko chor3anA hI nahIM cAhate sAmaNNa bhAsa chu, sAvarau / chur3a mAgama-sutti kA vi ghaDau // chaDa hoti suhAsiya vynnaaii| gAmilla-bhAsa-pariharaNAI // ___gosvAmI tulasIdAsajI bhI 'bhASAbaddha karavi maiM soI' kahakara loka-bhASA kI hI pratiSThA karate haiM / jo kavitA jitane bar3e loka-mAnasa ko chUtI aura jhakajhoratI hai, vaha utanI hI saphala aura sArthaka hotI hai| pratyakSa aura parokSataH isakA prabhAva yaha bhI hotA hai ki kavitA meM loka-sAhitya kI mArmikatA kA samAhAra ho jAtA hai| parANa-sAhitya kI yahI sarvopari vizeSatA aura garimA hai| apanI rAmAyaNa meM prAdikavi vAlmIki ne jisa prakAra jana-pracalita laukika-saMskRta ko sAhityika kalevara meM prayukta kara usake rUpa ko sajAyAsaMvArA hai, ThIka usI prakAra mahAkavi svayaMbhU ne bhI tatyUgIna apabhraMza ko sAhityikatA pradAna kara 'paumacariu' kI saMracanA kii| svayaMbha sacamaca apabhraMza ke prAdikavi vAlmIki haiN| goM aneka bauddha-siddhoM kI racanAmoM meM bhI kAvyatva nikharA hai kintu abhivyakti kI durUhatA dUSaNa bana gaI hai| bhAratIya-paramparA ke purANa-sAhitya meM rAma aura kRSNa ke saMdarbho ne loka-jIvana ko jitanA prabhAvita kiyA hai, utanA anyoM ne nhiiN| 'vAlmIki rAmAyaNa' meM isIse dazarathanandana rAma ke Adarza aitihAsika caritra aura aizvarya ko kavitA kA pratipAdya banAyA gayA hai| ve yuga-satya ko nahIM jhuThalAte aura rAma ke mAnanIya rUpa kI gAthA ko gAte haiM / aMtarbAhya prakRti kA bhavya nirUpaNa tathA zailI kI saralatA-sarasatA usakI vizeSatAeM haiN| nUtana udbhAvanAoM meM bhI mArmika aura hRdayasparzI prasaMgoM tathA binduoM kA cayana unake kavi-karma kI saphalatA kA hA paricAyaka hai / sAtha hI unakI abhivyakti meM na kahIM pAMDitya-pradarzana kI vivRti hai aura na kalAgata camatkAra ke lie sAyAsa alaMkAroM Adi ke prayoga kI kaamnaa| kathya kI sahajatA aura abhivyakti kI naisargikatA unake kAvya-saundarya ke do pramukha bindu haiM / kintu apabhraMza-sAhitya meM jaina-kaviyoM ne rAma aura kRSNa kI kathAnoM ko tarkaniSTha banAkara apane DhaMga se bhASAbaddha kiyaa| unake dvArA praNIta kAvyoM meM tIrthaMkaroM, cakravatiyoM

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apabhraMza-bhAratI tathA samakAlIna mahApuruSoM ke caritra ko hI gUMthA gayA hai / puSpadaMta ke mahApurANa ke do bhAga haiM- prAdipurANa aura uttarapurANa / uttarapurANa ke eka aMza meM kRSNa kI kathA 'harivaMzapurANa' ke rUpa meM nibaMdhita hai aura dUsare aMza meM rAma kathA kA varNana hai / lekina apabhraMza meM rAmakathA kA AraMbha mahAkavi svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' se hI hotA hai / 3 apabhraMza ke ina cariu kAvyoM kA kAvya rUpa tathA zilpa-vidhAna pUrvavartI prAkRta aura saMskRta ke prabandha-kAvyoM se sarvathA bhinna aura maulika hai; vaise vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kI bhAMti 'paumacariu' kA kathya pA~ca kANDoM meM vibhakta hai-- vidyAdharakANDa, prayodhyAkANDa sundarakANDa, yuddhakANDa aura uttarakANDa | inameM kula 90 saMdhiyAM haiN| kahIM-kahIM 'prAzvAsa' zabda kA prayoga bhI prAkRta ke anukaraNa kA dyotaka hai| ye saMdhiyAM kar3avakoM meM vibhakta milatI haiM, jinakA samApana 'ghattA chanda' se hotA hai| sAtha hI pratyeka kar3avaka meM zraddhaliyoM kI saMkhyA sarvatra samAna nahIM pAI jAtI / kAvyAraMbha meM svayaMbhU ne bar3I vinamratA ke sAtha apanI anabhijJatA, kAvya zAstrahInatA pUrva - kaviyoM ke prati pUjya bhAva Adi kAvya- rUr3hiyoM kA paraMparAnusAra nivedana karate hue bhI kavitA karane kI aDiga AsthA aura duSTa janoM ke roSa ke lie unheM Ar3e hAthoM lene kI bAta bar3e AtmA-vizvAsa ke sAtha kahI hai buhayaNa saMyabhu paI viNNavai / maI sarisau praSNu NAhiM kukai || vAyaraNa kayAvi ra jAgiyau / Nau vitta-suttu vakkhANiyau || ragau NisuNiu paMca mahAya kavvu / Nau bharahu geu lakkha vi sabbu // u bujjhiDa piMgala- patthAru / Nau bhammaha - daMDi alaMkAra // vavasAu to viu pariharati / vari raDDAbaddu kaThavu karami // eNha sajjaNa loyahI~ kiuM viraNau / jaM pravahu padarisiu zrappaNau // jai ema virUsa ko vi khalu / tahI~ hatthutthalliu leu chalu // apabhraMza ke isa Adikavi kI yaha vizeSatA sacamuca anUThI aura bejor3a hai / anya jaina - kAvyoM kI bhAMti paumacariu kA varNya viSaya bhI dhArmika bhAvanA se anuraMjita hai tathA sabhI pradhAna- pAtra jinabhakta haiM / jaina apabhraMza paramparA meM dhArmika bhAvanA virahita kAvya kI kalpanA saMbhava nahIM / saMsAra kI anityatA, jIvana kI kSaraNa bhaMguratA praura duHkha - bahulatA dikhAkara virAga utpanna karanA, zAnta rasa meM kAvya tathA jIvana kA paryavasAna hI ina kaviyoM kA mUla prayojana rahA hai / / vAlmIki na to use mAnava-rUpa svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' meM rAma kA mAnavIya rUpa hI mukharita huA hai ke rAma kI bhA~ti vaha sabhI mAnavIya zaktiyoM tathA durbalatAoM kA pratinidhi hai / koI mahAn Adarza carita banAyA gayA hai aura na alaukika zakti-puMja / balki meM use jaisA honA cAhie, usI rUpa meM binA kisI AvaraNa ke citrita kara diyA gayA hai / na kahIM rAma kI cAritrika kamajoriyoM para pardA DAlane kA prayAsa hai aura na guNoM ko pratyadhika ujAgara karane kI dRSTi kA prAcurya / sAmAnya mAnava ko prabandha-kAvya kA pratipAdya banAne kA yaha sarvaprathama prayAsa svayaMbhU kI udAttatA kA paricAyaka hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki

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4 ' apabhraMza-bhAratI isa caritra-kAvya kI kathA kA prAraMbha loka-pracalita kucheka zaMkAoM ke sAtha hotA hai, jabaki purANoM kI zrotA-vaktA-zailI meM magadha nareza zreNika jinavara se prazna karate haiM baha rAmahoM tihuyaNa uvare maai| to rAvaNa kahi tiya levi jAi // paNa vi kharadUSaNa-samara deva / pahu jujjhai sujjhai bhiccu keMva // kiha vANara girivara umbahaMti / baMdhevi mayaraharu samuttaraMti // kiha rAvaNu bahamuhU bIsahatthu / amarAhiva-bhuva-baMdhaNa-samatyu // svayaMbhU kI isa mAnavIya dRSTi ne 'paumacariu' ke rUpa ko na kevala pUrva aura paravartI rAma-kAvya-paraMparA se alagA diyA hai balki rAma ke caritra aura vyaktitva ko lokajIvana kI nidhi banA diyA hai| rAma ke mAnavIya caritra kA yaha purANa anyatama hai| jahAM sabhI prakAra kI vipattiyoM meM mAdikavi ne rAma ke pauruSa ko ujAgara kiyA hai, vahAM zaktihata lakSmaNa ke mUchita zarIra para asahAya sAdhAraNa manuSya kI bhaoNti use rote-bilakhate bhI dikhAyA hai| jo rAma apane pitA ke vacanoM ke pAlana hetu muni-veza meM vana-vana bhaTakatA hai, vahI apanI patnI ke viyoga meM sampUrNa prakRti ko apane A~suoM se bhigotA hai aura sAhasI karmavIra kI bhAMti use pAne ke lie samudra para rAvaNa se yuddha karatA hai| kintu tatkAlIna samAja meM nArI kI sthiti kA pardAphAza puSpaka-vimAna meM car3hakara ayodhyA Agamana ke samaya agni-parIkSAvAle prasaMga meM hotA hai| sItA rAjA ke usa upavana meM jAkara baiTha gaI jahAM rAma ne nirvAsana diyA thaa| taho ubavaNaho majhemAvAsiya / / punaH prAtaH kAla hone para kAntA kI kAnti ko dekhakara rAma kA vihaMsanA aura nArI ke lie apamAnajanaka zabdoM kA prayoga-'jai vi kulaggayAu giravanjau mahilau hoMti suTTa ripallajja aTapaTA to avazya hai lekina rAma ke haMsane ne isa azobhanIyatA ko dho diyA hai sAtha hI ina zabdoM meM loka-jIvana ke vyAvahArika kar3ave satya kA svara bhI to mukharita hai / dharmonmukha hone para yaha bhAvanA satya ke adhika nikaTa hai| jaina-kaviyoM ke kAvya meM yaha sarvatra darzanIya hai| astu, isa sthiti ko dhArmika pariveza meM 'puruSa ke zyAma caritra kI pRSThabhUmi" kahanA ucita nhiiN| aMta meM sItAjI ke dvArA bhI kucheka kaThora zabdoM ko kahalavAkara-'purisa NihINa hoMti guNavaMta vi, tiyaheM Na pattijjati maraMta vi svayaMbhU ne nArI-hRdaya kI kuNThA kI abhivyakti kimapi nahIM kI hai, vastu satya ko hI TaTolA hai| vastuta: nArI to puruSa kI zakti hai jo pati-rUpa meM usake vizvAsa ko prApta kara aura adhika tejomaya ho jAtI hai| gRhastha-jIvana kA yaha prAdarza mUlya pati-patni ko paraspara nikaTa lAtA hai, vicchedana kI preraNA kabhI nahIM detaa| aMta meM sItAjI nara-nArI ke aMtara ko 'maraNe vi velli raNa mellai taruvara ke dRSTAnta se spaSTa karatI haI, apane satIttva kI dRr3hatA vyakta karatI haiM-saha vaDAya maiM prajju samugbhiya / 10 jaina-dharmAnukUla karma-phala meM vizvAsa ke kAraNa ve kisI ko doSa na dekara ise apane kisI duSkarma kA hI phala kahatI haiM-'sabya doSa esa dukkiya kammaho'11 aura paMcaloca karatI hai| Akhira yahI to vaha upAya hai jisase strIyoni-meM janma nahIM lenA par3egA -

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 5 ehi tiha karemi puNu rahuvai, jiha Na homi paDivArI tiyamai 112 isI zama-bhAva meM 'paumacariu' kA paryavasAna ho jAtA hai| 'mAnava-mana kI gaharAI meM utarakara usameM nihita satya ko ubhArane aura citrita karane kI apabhraMza ke isa mahAkavi meM anUThI kSamatA hai, ve sacce saMvedanazIla kavi haiN| kAvyagata viSaya-vistAra ke bane rahane para bhI aneka hRdayasparzI anachue prasaMgoM kI udbhAvanA yahAM dekhe hI banatI hai| jalakrIr3A, ranivAsa Adi ke itivRttAtmaka prasaMgoM meM bhI kavi-kalpanA kA mAdhu aura cAturya darzanIya hai / kintu zrRMgAra aura karuNa se parisiMcita komala prasaMgoM kI parikalpanA ne to kavi-hRdaya kI bhAva-pravaNatA ko jaise sahRdaya kI akSuNNa nidhi hI banA diyA hai / sainika-pati kI patnI yuddha ke lie jAte samaya use vidAI detI huI gajamuktAoM kI mAMga kara rahI hai, mukha rAga lagAkara darpaNa dikhAtI hai, netroM meM aMjana lagAkara mastaka para tilaka karatI hai, pAna kA bIr3A detI hai, kabhI usake sAtha AliMganabaddha hotI hai, kabhI surati ke lie zrRMgAra karatI hai, phUloM kA seharA bAMdhatI hai, nae-nae vastra dhAraNa karatI hai / 13 zrRMgArabhAvanA ke isa utAvalepana meM na jAne kitane ghule-mile sAhacarya-svapnoM kA sAkAra mUrta vidhAna hai / aura aMta meM yuddha-bhUmi kI bhAvI AzaMkA se patnI kA antaHkaraNa kisa prakAra bhayAkrAMta hai, zAyada isIlie usake bhItara kA samacA samarpita bhAva eka sAtha abhivyakta hone ke lie vyagra ho uThA hai| isase bhI Age saccI vIrAMganA ke rUpa meM pati ko karma-cyuta na hone sandeza bar3A hI karuNApUrita hai- pattA-kahe vi aMge rasojjeraNa mAiya, piya raNabahuyaeM sahuM IsAiu / jara tuhaM tahe aNurAiu vaTTahi, to mahu gahavaya devi payahi // 14 isI prakAra zakti-mAhata lakSmaNa ke lie bharata kA vilApa bar3A hI mArmika aura karuNAplAvita hai / rAma kA visApa to sarvatra milatA hai, lekina bharata kA aMtaHkaraNa to jaise TUTa-TUTakara khaMDita hone lagatA hai ghattA-hA paI somitti maraMtaeNa marai Nistara vAsarahi / - bhattAra-vihUNiya pAri jiha, prajju praNAhI hUya mahi / 115 hA bhAyara ! varahiNa-mahura vANi / mahu Nivarimo'si bAhiNaupAni // hA / kiM samudde jala Nivahu khuTTa / hA! kiha biTu kuMbhakagahu phuTu / hA ! kiha diNayara kara-Niyara cattu / hA.! kiha praNaMgu bohaggu pattu // dhattA-hA ! Ninvisu kiha paraNidu thiu, NippaDa sasi-sihi sIyalau // TalaralihUI kema mahi, kema samIraNu Niccalara 116 gae-mottiu siMghala bIve maNi, bairAgarahoM vajju pauha / mAyai samvai labhaMti jaeN, gavara Na lambhai bhAivara // prajju praNAhI haya mahi meM sacamuca anabhivyakta vedanA kA pArAvAra nihita hai| rAvaNa ke lie maMdodarI kA vinApa to hRdayavidAraka hai hI-uThe bhagArA kettiu suppai / 18

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apabhraMza-bhAratI kintu, ghara ke bhedI vibhISaNa kA vilApa achUtA hone ke sAtha bhAva-vibhora karane tathA aMtas ko udvelita karane meM pUrNa sakSama hai caraNa dharevi ruevae laggau / hA bhAyara ! maha muevi kahiM gau / hA bhAyara !. duNNiddae bhuttau / sejja muevi kiM mahiyale suttau // tuhuM Na nimo'si sayalu jiu tihumaNu / tuhaM Na mumo'si muprau vaMdiya jaNu // viDhi Na NaTTha raNa laMkAuri / vAya raNa gaTTha gaTTha maMdoyari / / hAra Na tuTu tuTu tArAyaNu / hiyau ga bhiNNa bhiSNu gayaNaMgaNu // cakku Na dukku Dhukku ekktru| prAu raNa khuTTa khuTTa rayaNAyara // jIu ga gau gau mAsA-poTTalu / tuhuM ga sutta suttau mahimaMDalu // 30 . yahAM pAu Na khuTaTu khuTu rayaNAyaru, tathA jIu Na gau gau aAsA poTTalu, meM na kevala rAvaNa ke mahAntama vyaktitva kA saMketa hone se prAtmapIr3A kI vyApakatA hai balki zeSa jIvana kI AzA kI iti kI bhI vyaMjanA hai| aise aura bhI aneka karuNA-pUrita prasaMga ukta mahAkAvya meM draSTavya haiN| isakA eka hI manovaijJAnika kAraNa hai-hadaya kA pariSkaraNa aura udAttIkaraNa / isa sthiti ke uparAnta hI vyakti dharmonmukha ho pAtA hai| ina prasaMgoM kI ubhAvanA meM kavi kA bhAvUka-hRdaya apanI pUrNatA aura samagratA ke sAtha sarvatra DubA aura bhIgA hai| isa prakAra syayaMbhU sacce bhAva-pravaNa kavi haiN| unake 'paumacariu' kA phalaka bar3A vyApaka aura vistRta hai| mAnava aura mAnavetara prakRti ke anaginata citra isameM aMkita haiM / bhAva aura ciMtana, mana aura buddhi kA aisA maNi-kAMcana saMtulana sAmaMjasya anyatra . durlabha hai| apabhraMza bhASA para unakA advitIya adhikAra hai| loka-pracalita apabhraMza / ko kAvyAtmaka loca aura vyaMjanA ke sAtha 'pravAha-saMyukta banAe rakhane kI unakI sAmarthya bejor3a hai| bikhare loka-jIvana kI bahumUlya anubhUtiyoM aura saMvedanAtroM ne unake kAvyatva meM cAra cAMda lagA diye haiN| sAtha hI lokAbhivyakti ke na jAne kitane-purAtana mAtrika chandoM ke naisargika prayoga ne unakI kavitA ko kalA ke saundarya se abhimaMDita kara diyA hai / zilpa aura kAvya rUpa kI dRSTi se apabhraMza kI kar3avaka-zailI kA aisA puSTa tathA sahRdaya-grAhya prayoga unake isa kAvya kA adbhuta AkarSaNa hai| ve sacamuca apabhraMza ke pratiSThita prAdikavi vAlmIki haiM / unhoMne kAvya-kSetra meM naye bhAva aura naye sRjana ko preraNA dI hai| jo bhUmikA saMskRta-kAvya ke unnayana aura samRddhi meM prAdikavi vAlmIki ne nibhAI, usI kA nirvAha svayaMbhU ne apane 'paumacariu' ke mAdhyama se apabhraMza sAhitya ko pratiSThita karane meM kiyA hai| donoM kA sRjana apane yuga kI loka-saMpatti hai| aMtara mAtra itanA hai ki caritanAyaka kahIM itihAsa puruSa hai aura kahIM dharmapuruSa / mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana ke zabdoM meM-'svayaMbhU Adi kavi apanI pAMca zatAbdiyoM meM pAsa nahIM chIlate rhe| unhoMne kAvya-nidhi ko aura samRddha bhASA ko aura paripuSTa karane kA jo mahAn kAma kiyA hai vaha hamAre sAhitya ko unakI aitihAsika dena hai / 1 1. kIrtilatA, 1.13.35

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 2. pau., 1.3.9-10 3. vahI 1.3.1-13 4. vahI 1.10.3-7 5. vahI 83.7.5 6. vahI 83.8.2 7. hindI ke vikAsa meM apabhraMza kA yoga, DaoN. nAmavarasiMha, pR. 181 / 8. pau 83.8.8 9. vahI 83.9.6 10. vahI 83.9.7 11. vahI 83.17.3 12. vahI 83.17.9 13. vahI 59.3.9 14. vahI 59.3 10 15. vahI 69.10.9 16. vahI 69.11.3-8 17. vahI 69.12.9 18. vahI 76.11.1 19. vahI 76.2.5-8 20. vahI 76.3.2-6 21. hindI kAvya dhArA, pR. 131

Page #19
jagata meM jIva akelA "iu ghara iu pariyaNu iu kalattu", Nau bujjhahi jiha sayalehi cattu / ekkeNa karaNevvau viharakAle, ekkeraNa vasevyaMu jala-bamAle / ekkeNa baseu taha Nigoe~, ekkeNaraevbau piya-vinoeN / ekkeNa bhamevvau bhava samudde, kammoha jala bhara rudde| ekkaho je kkhu ekkaho je sukkhu, ekaho je bandhu ekaho je mokkhu / ekho je pAu ekkaho je dhammu. ekkaho je maraNa ekkaho je jammu / gaha tesaeN vihare sayaNa-sayAi~ NaM tukkiyai~ / para veNNi sayAi jIvahI~ dukkiya-sukkiyai~ / 'yaha ghara, ye parijana, yaha strI' - inako sabane chor3A hai, kyA yaha nahIM jAnate ? pakAla meM akele hI visUrate haiM aura akele hI citA meM jalate haiM / nigoda meM akele hI rahanA hotA hai aura priya viyoga meM akele hI dhAMsU bahAne par3ate haiM / isa saMsAra meM karma- jAla kA moha aisA hI hai jaise samudra ke jalacara / usa raudra bhavasAgara meM nissahAya hI bhaTakanA hotA hai / sukha-duHkha, bandha-mokSa, dharma-adharma, janma-maraNa saba akele hI hogaa| aise saMkaTa kAla meM kitane hI sage-saMbaMdhI kyoM na hoM, koI sahAyaka nahIM hotA / agara sAtha dete haiM to kevala do hI, jIva ke acche-bure karma / paumacariu 54.7.4-10

Page #20
mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva kI bhASA meM prayukta svara-dhvaniyoM kA vivecana -DaoN. kailAzanAtha TaNana kisI bhASA ke vizleSaNa ke pUrva usakI dhvaniyoM kA viziSTa jJAna paramAvazyaka hai| isa sambandha meM jArja saimpasana kA kathana hai ki-dhvanizAstra se manabhijJa- bhASAzAstra kA adhyApaka usI prakAra nirarthaka hai jisa prakAra.zarIravijJAna se anabhijJa DAkTara / san 1877 meM henarIsvITa ne bhI isI prakAra ke vicAra vyakta kiye the-"dhvanizAstra kA mahattva bhASA ke samasta prakAra ke adhyayanoM ke lie cAhe vaha nitAnta saiddhAMtika ho athavA prayogabhUta-nivivAda paramAzyaka rUpa meM svIkAra kara liyA gayA hai|" . dhvani-zAstra ke artha meM prAcIna bhArata meM 'zikSA' zabda kA prayoga pracalitaprAya thaa| vyAkaraNa aura veda ke adhyetA ke lie tatsaMbaMdhI zikSA kA pUrNa jJAna anivArya mAnA gayA thaa| dhvani-siddhAMta kA pratisUkSma vivecana karanevAle sarvaprathama vaiyAkaraNa hI the / isakA saMbaMdha dhvaniyoM se hai / isake antargata mAnava vAgendriyoM se niHsRta sArthaka dhvaniyoM kA vivecanavizleSaNa, varNana evaM vargIkaraNa kiyA jAtA hai / vastutaH dhvanizAstra bhASA-tattva kA mUlAdhAra evaM mUlamaMtra hai| pratyeka bhASA meM kucha sArthaka dhvaniyAM hotI haiM jo lipi-vijJAna meM varNa kahalAtI haiN| ye dhvaniyAM svara aura vyaMjana ina donoM bhAgoM meM sadaiva se hI vibhakta hotI rahI haiN| arthAt dhvaniyoM kA prAcInatama evaM bahu-pracalita vargIkaraNa svara aura vyaMjana ke rUpa meM hI milatA hai|

Page #21
10 apabhraMza-bhAratI apabhraMza-bhASA meM prAkRta kI apekSA do svara-dhvaniyAM adhika haiM aura ve haiM-hasva ai maura hrasva pro| pahale hama saMketa kara cuke haiM ki kisI bhI bhASA kI dhvaniyoM kA adhyayana do vargoM meM rakha kara kiyA jA sakatA hai-1. svara tathA 2. vyaMjana / apabhraMza meM 11 svara tathA 29 vyaMjana vvaniyAM haiM, isa prakAra se apabhraMza bhASA meM varNoM kI kula saMkhyA 40 hai| sAhityika apabhraMza ke dhvani-samUha ko dekhane ke pazcAt jaba hama svayaMbhUdeva kI bhASA ko dekhate haiM to spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki unakI bhASA meM una sabhI dhvaniyoM kA prayoga huA hai jo pariniSThita apabhraMza meM mAnya thiiN| kintu pAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM kucha aisI bhI dhvaniyAM prayukta haI haiM jo mAnya dhvaniyoM kI koTi meM nahIM pAtIM yathA , ja, Sa tathA kSu dhvani / isa prakAra se pAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM varNoM kI kula saMkhyA 44 hai / svayaMbhUdeva dvArA prayukta sthara-dhvaniyoM kA vivecana svara dhvaniyA~ mUla svara hrasva-a, i, u, aiM, moM dIrgha-pA, I, U, e, pro anusvAra-(-) aiaura prau saMskRta kI 'ai' aora 'no' dhvaniyAM kavi kI dhvaniyoM meM nahIM hai, isase yaha prakaTa hotA hai ki yA to ve apabhraMza kI prakRti ke viruddha haiM, unakA prayoga apabhraMza meM bhASA bAra nahIM pA pAyA thaa| phira bhI hama usakI tulanA meM ina dhvaniyoM kA vivecana kareMge / isakA tAtparya yaha nahIM hai ki apabhraMza kI dhvaniyA~ saMskRta se AI haiM, apitu usakA dhvani maMDAra kA usase kyA mela yA viroSa hai, yaha dekhanA haie/iPage #22
apabhraMza-bhAratI 11 meM hrasva eN aura hrasva oM kA janma huA jo hrasva prakAra, ikAra meM praura ukAra kI bhAMti apanA pRthak astitva rakhane lage aura mAtrA meM bhI eka mAtrika bane rahe / pAlocya kavi kI bhASA bhI isa pravRtti se achUtI nahIM raha sakI / yathA mokkha Page #23
12 apabhraMza bhAratI anunAsika svara svayaMbhUdeva kI bhASA meM candrabindu tathA anusvAra donoM kA prayoga pracura mAtrA meM humA hai jahA~ taka anusvAra ke prayoga kA prazna hai vahA~ sabhI svara sabhI sthAnoM para anunAsika nahIM milate / yathA anta mAdi. aMsu prAMiu62 jAlaiM63 - kahANauM64 / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / / "MPEE / / / / / / dhAeM 65 maho svara prayoga apabhraMza meM mUla svaroM ke atirikta aneka svaroM kA saMyoga bhI pAyA jAtA hai| saMyoga se tAtparya hai ki do yA do se adhika svaroM kI aisI samIpa sthiti jisameM saMdhi kArya na ho sake aura donoM svara spaSTa rUpa se binA koI vikAra utpanna kiye uccarita hoM / svarasaMyoga ke aneka udAharaNa Alocya kavi kI bhASA meM barAbara milate haiN| adhikAMza udAharaNa do svaroM ke prApta hote haiM kintu tIna aura cAra svaroM ke saMyogavAle udAharaNa bhI dekhe jA sakate haiM / do svaroM kI saMprayuktA nimna udAharaNoM meM draSTavya hai maha-mugraha,87 praidau68 maI - paIsaI dIsaI0 prau - kaJcuau, tau maU - maUha,73 caUhi74 paai - thieNa,75 kaiddhaeNa pae - dhae,7 tilae78 pramo- yakkayo, dIvapro0 mAmA-pApArI mAi - thAi,82 prAiya mAI - AIhi84 prAu - pAu,85 jAu86. mAU - cittAUDaeNa, pAUriu88 mAai - Aehi, dhAehi mAe - jAe, bahumAe mAno - kAmo,93 jAgo

Page #24
apabhraMza bhAratI BEEEEEEEEEEE idha iu iai ie I II IDa Ie udha unnA U UnA ur3a kaI Uu ai -- -- -- - - - -- saie, 'raie 208 palo pro, 104 sAmidho 106 vIzramaujjhA 106 bII 107 bhaIu, 'suggIDa 100 mAyarIe, 110 sIe 111 112 haNuna, tha bhumrA, mAse saMmUna,116 pasUna11? jamadudhA, udaya, 120 mArui121 saccamUDa, Jaa duI 124 bihUI 125 mauu, 126 126127 127 128 129 dUu, hUu haNuNa 180 - - ---------- TT TUbhitra turi NivAsu" -- - - dai bAiu evi 100 ghara 101 2 102 - -- 108 114 118 -- - daiu, dhAiu, 162 115 'jUdhAro 118 1, 100 sue 131 svaroM ke saMyoga ke bhI kucha udAharaNa draSTavya haiM, yathA grahau bAiu bAiDa 166 166 mAlaie 107 Aie laie, 168 pAie dhAie, bhAie 100 vasumUha ' 164 ghaeu rAmaeu mAigro - bhAizro, dhodho vibhomo 178 ghoDa - 123 'lai 168 170 bhAiyo, 17 ghAmro 172 unnAi dui, 176 subai 177 umrae sudhae, 178 cudhae 178 ue udyo Uco Ue eka aiDa eDa eu eka ee eSo boiu, 174 paloiDa 175 progra proDa proi prou proDa - - thupro 13a hUbho 135 dUe raga 136 bhAirasa 287 139 ei 138 leDa, 230 ke 141 142 -- - - - - - - - do svaroM ke saMyoga ke atirikta prAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM tIna-tIna, cAra-cAra - kekara 143 ee, 144 chee 14 146 - - vighoSa, 147 poSaNa 148 paloiyo, 149 koila 150 hoi, 151 joiya 162 loDa 18 godAI154 kokahala 166 155 - - - - - proka proe hoevi, 106 poevi 167 - bicchoe, 158 Nighoe 150 ghoe - propro - vinozro, 160 dozro161 ,132 mue-238 ghaNe 140 - - gara uiu, kathae Upana - hUghau, eca- peumra 186 ghoSa - joma, 187 sodhadda 188 ghoDaai dhoieNa 180 mohayo- bodho 190 - 180 ' kuiDa 181 dUdhae 182 pasUma 188 1184 dUdha u 155 - - kacyumauzi udmau emaie ke aie 102 133 do aura tIna svaroM ke saMyogavAle prayoga prAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM paryApta mAtrA meM upalabdha haiM kintu cAra svaroM ke saMyogavAlA eka hI prayoga prApta hotA hai|

Page #25
apabhraMza-bhAratI mAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM aise bhI do svaroM ke saMyoga prApta hote haiM jisameM se koI eka svara sAnunAsika hotA hai / isa prakAra ke prApta udAharaNoM meM adhikAMzataH paravartI svara hI sAnunAsika haiM, yathA iuM - kiuM,205 seThiuM206 praI - paiM,198 maI14 ieM - keyaieM,207 milieM208 prabaM - avasANauM,195 DauM196 IeM - jIeM209 aeM - tehaeM,197 ehaeM198 ueM - mueM210 prAiM- NAI,199 vaNNAi200 praI - giddhii| mAuM- jAuM201 UeM - samUeM,212 hUeM21 prAeM - dhAeM,202 kasAeM208 eeM - teeM214 InaM - vI4204 poeM- vicchoeM,215 vinoeM216 uparyukta udAharaNoM meM prAyaH sabhI paravartI anunAsika svara hrasva hI haiM, kevala eka dIrgha anunAsika svara 'paumacariu' meM upalabdha hai jise ukta udAharaNoM meM dikhAyA gayA hai| aise vilakSaNa prayoga kavi kI bhASAgata viziSTatA ke hI dyotaka haiN| anuccarita pra (s) Alocya kavi kI bhASA meM anuccarita (s) kA prayoga sarvAdhika huA hai jise saMskRta meM pravagraha (5) kahate haiM yathA jAla'saNi,17 pA'valakkhaNu,18 tAva'NNekkeM,219 jhINA'vuha220 dhaNNo'si,921 mAyaNNekka,222 Adi / spaSTataH isa prakAra ke prayoga unake saMskRta jJAna kA hI paricAyaka hai| mAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM padAnta tathA apadAnta anusvAra kA bahulatA se prayoga hone ke sAtha hI apadAnta anusvAra ke lie parasavarNa kA prayoga bhI dekhane ko milatA hai yathA laGkA,223 aGgArau,224 aGga; 225 daNDa,226 pavaNaJjayAsu,227 prAdi sahaza prayogoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki apabhraMza meM bhI yaha niyama vidyamAna thA aura nyUnAdhika mAtrA meM prayoga bhI hotA thA kintu mukhya rUpa se apabhraMza meM anusvAra-pravRtti kI hI pradhAnatA thii| .. vyaMjana lopa hone para kSatipUtyartha tatpUrvavartI svara ke anta meM bhI anusvAra kA mAgama ho jAtA hai / isI kAraNa se svara dIrgha nahIM hotA / kucha udAharaNa dRSTavya haiM aMsu Page #26
apabhraMza-bhAratI 15 niranunAsikIkaraNa apabhraMza meM anunAsikIkaraNa ke viparIta niranunAsikIkaraNa kI bhI pravRtti dekhI jAtI hai / yaha pravRtti kSatipUrti yA samIkaraNa ke phalasvarUpa hai| kahIM-kahIM zabda phaila bhI gayA hai| khagga mA V V BF V V EAR4 V V mahiSa>mahisA237 sundara>sundari238 caMcalacitta>caMcalacittI239 jassa>jAsu 240 tatra> tetthu241 mitra> mitte242 palaTa>paloTTa 248 samavasaraNa> samosaraNu pAtAla>payAla245 khArA>khArai246 iyata> ettiya47 u> u> U>u V V V 464 V V jyotiSI>joisa248 maMdodarI>maMdoyari249 sundarI>sundareNa250 bandhu>bandha261 jambu> jambU252 pUrNa>puNNa258 netra>NayaNa254 dharaNendra>gharaNinda255 bhoga> mutta256 a>mo ma>mo mA> mA> pro>u . 'R' kA vivecana varNavikAra zIrSaka ke antargata savistAra kiyA jA cukA hai ataeva yahAM usakA piSTapeSaNa karanA samIcIna nhiiN| ukta vivecita svara-parivartana ke atirikta mAlocya kavi kI bhASA meM kucha aura bhI parivartana draSTavya haiM jisameM svaralopa aura svarAgama pramukha haiM, yathA svara lopa mAdisvara lopa mahama> harSa,257 mAkrandana>kandanti:58 madhyasvara lopa kArya> kajja,259 mAMsa>maMsa260

Page #27
16 apabhraMza-bhAratI antyasvara lopa prazaMsA>pasaMsa,261 kanyA> kaNNa12 svarAgama mAdi svarAgama rahaTa> prarahaTTa,263 ruSTa> prAruTTha264 madhyasvarAgama - svapna> siviNa,265 daMSTrA> dADhA266 antyasvarAgama hanumata> haNuu267 kamala> kamalu 13 24. 32. 33. 1. paumacariu 45.12.12 53.1.1 45.4.11 48.13.1 45.1.7 50.2.7 45.4.8 43.2.5 54.10.1 ---- 44.5.11 44.1.1 50.8.5 43.6.7 47.7.9 47.3.4 43.1.7 45.8.1 47.1.11 51.11.7 1.10.4 44.16.10 43.9.7 49.12.2 43.15.6 43.9.5 43.17.3 50.9.5 44.9.6 48.2.4 46.2.2 567.5 43.2.9 43.5.9 43.2.4 43.3.9 43.8.9 51.2.9 49.14.2 43.2.6 44.1.9 55.10.7 45.12.7 53.10.1 48.11.5 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 43.

Page #28
. apabhraMza-bhAratI 16. 47. 48. 49. 40. 86. 51. 87. 88. 53 CA 03. 94. 95. 96. 43.10.9 43.3.10 45.10.10 46.1.1 535.8 43.2.9 43.4.2 53.1.2 43.4.8 48.5.4 44.6.9 43.311 44.7.3 43.7.1 45.15.9 44.5.2 18.10.9 44.7.7 52.9.1 45.6.1 51.6.10 44.4.7 52.2.10 50.10.1 45.4.1 45.4.1 5.4.13 47.5.5 46.1.1 2.3.5 46.1.10 46.6.10 46.6.3 45.1.1 46.5.8 46.10.2 22.5.11 44.12.6 45.10.9 3.1.12 43.3.9 43.5.8 49.8.13 5.3.3 47.6.9 48.5.9 45.15.1 43.16.9 49.8.15 6.5.2 50.2.9 12.4.8 1.6.1 43.16.4 44.8.3 46.2.3 47.5.7 43.18.3 43.18.4 3.1:12 44.5.2 6.15.3 4.4.4 45.12.6 43.6.9 45.9.2 26.20.7 43.11.3 43.7.6 51.2.3 5.2.7 47.9.6 54.9.4 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 70. 71. 72. 13. 74. 15. 16. 11. 117.

Page #29
prapabhraMza-bhAratI 155. 156. 157. 158. 159 160 118. 119. 120. * 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138. 139. 140. 45.12.13 42.10.5 45.9.9 53.6.2 22.4.6 33.2.5 15.12.8 44.5.7 26.6.4 5.6.5 43.3:10 4.11.8 --46.2.3 48.6.7 46.6.2 23.7.4 44.5.7 6.15.6 54.1.9 8.12.13 45.7.9 51.13.6 51.13.5 13.9.6 . 44.8.5 15.14.6 56.11.2 51.8.7 44.5.9 49.9.4 161. 162. 163. 164. 165. 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. 5.5.1 2.15.8 28.2.9 45.15.9 55.11.3 24.5.5 24.5.4 40.2.3 43.2.6 47.10.4 50.3.3 32.16.7 51.14.2 53.2.1 53.2.1 1.14.1 52.8.1 52.8.1 41.2.8 48.2.1 28.6.1 49.2.1 17.15.3 29.7.9 29.7.9 1.16.9 56.10.3 12.6.3 54.9.4 47.9.6 55.4.4 50.11.9 39.1.5 41.18.6 33.13.5 40.6.9 45.4.3 51.14.21 177. 141. 142. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. 183. 184. 185. 4.2.7 186. 143. 144. 145. 146. 147. 148. 149. 150. 151. 152. 153. 154. 25.13.1 6.6.6 6.3.9 6.6.3 3.12.2 1.7.7 187. 188. 189. 190. 191. 192.

Page #30
apabhraMza bhAratI 193. 43.16.4 1.3.1 45.6.1 56.1.8 48.5.3 54.8.9 43.5.3 45.11.10 42.4.5 51.6.10 50.8.7 21.11.4 44.11.9 194. 195. 196. 197. 198. 199. 200. 201. 202. 203. 204. 205. 206. 207. 208. 209. 210. 211. 212. 213. 214. 215. 216. 217. 231. 232. 233. 234. 235. 236. 237. 238. 239. 240. 241. 242. 243. 244. 245. 246. 247. 248. 249. 250. 251. 25 2. 253. 254. 255. 256. 257. 258. 259. 260. 261. 262. 263. 264. 265. 6.10.1 3.1.12 45.2.9 7.12.7 45.5.9 52.2.8 1.2.10 53.11.8 5.1.5 45.15.9 49.9.1 46.7.2 49.8.1 50.8.10 50.13.3 56.8.8 51.9.9 44.10.9 43.9.6 43.6.3 43.10.6 43.7.6 46.6.11 43.19.7 43.10.9 46.2.3 44.5.9 44.5.1 46.6.9 49.8.13 50.5.10 1.10.8 48.15.4 4.9.9 1.6.8 44.6.7 49.1.6 49.4.6 5.6.6 43.3.11 45.12.11 49.10.6 8.12.4 49.13.1 48.15.4 3.1.10 1.10.9 50.10.9 49.12.1 2.14.5 43.15.2 44.15.3 44.8.3 43.12.7 49.16.3 50.6.4 48.13.1 45.7.9 45.2.7 50.8.1 51.6.1 48.11.5 43.13.3 218. 219. 220. 221. 222. 223. 224. 225. 226. 227. 228. 229. 266. 267. 268. 230.

Page #31
jarA na jarI gaya diyA jovvaNu lhasiu deva, .... .... .... paDhamAusu jara dhavalanti prAya / gai tuTTiya vihaDiya saMdhi-baMdha, NasuNanti kaNNa loyaga nirandha / sira kampas muhe pakkhalai vAya, gaya danta sarIrahoM NaTTha chAya / parigaliu rahiru thiu Navara cammU, maha etthuje huu gaM pravaru jammu / gira-i-pavAha Na vahanti pAya, .... - yauvana Dhala gayA aura ve dina bIta gae / pahale hI sparza meM saphadI potatI jarA zrAtI hai / gati TUTa cukI hai, sandhi-bandha DhIle ho gae haiN| na kAna sunate haiM aura na prAMkhoM se dikhatA hai / sira kA~patA rahatA hai aura vANI muMha meM hI lar3akhar3AtI rahatI hai| dAMta TUTa gae haiM aura zarIra kI zobhA kSINa ho gaI hai| rakta galakara sUkha gayA hai aura camar3I hI camar3I bacI hai / maiM aba aisA badala gayA hUM mAno dUsarA janma huA ho / aba parvatIya nadI ke pravAha sadRza paira nahIM uThate haiM / paumacariu 22.1.1-6

Page #32
kAraka - vidhAna -DaoN. rAma barana pAThaka apabhraMza bhASA meM do hI kAraka haiM-1. Rju yA avikArI kAraka aura 2. tiryak yA vikArI kAraka / Rju yA avikArI kAraka meM kartA, karma aura saMbodhana kI vibhaktiyoM kA vidhAna hai jinameM zUnya vibhakti kA pracalana vizeSa ho gayA thA / zeSa vibhaktiyAM tiryak yA vikArI kAraka kA nirmANa karatI haiM / inameM kucha zabdoM meM tRtIyA aura saptamI tathA caturthI, SaSThI aura paMcamI kI vibhaktiyAM samAna haiM aura kucha meM saba vibhaktiyAM / 'hi' vibhakti ke * bahula prayoga ne inheM ekameka kara diyA hai / avikArI kAraka kartA aura karma ekavacana ke vibhaktirUpa pulliMga aura napuMsakaliMga meM karttA tathA karma kAraka ekavacana kA cihna apabhraMza vyAkararaNa meM sAdhAraNatayA samAna rahatA hai| isa niyama tathA siddhAnta kA pratipAdana paumacariu kAvya meM vidyamAna hai / akArAnta zabda rUpa meM zrAnevAle pratyaya u -- isa pratyaya kA prayoga apabhraMza bhASA meM zramita huA hai jisakI puSTi hemacandra, kramadIzvara, trivikrama, siMharAja, tarkavAgIza aura mArkaNDeya ne kI hai / kAlidAsa se lekara Aja

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22 apabhraMza bhAratI prAdhunika kAla meM avadhI taka 'u pratyaya kA prayoga prApta hai| svayaMbhudeva ke paravartI kavi puSpadanta, dhanapAla, dhAhila, joindu, rAmasiMha, paM. dAmodara Adi apane-apane granthoM meM isakI pramukhatA kI svIkRti dene meM pradhAna haiM / madhya bhArata meM prastuta kAraka cihna kI pradhAnatA hai / prAcya pUrvI apabhraMza meM vizeSataH magadha kSetra meM 'u' pratyaya apracalita hai| vaise 'u' rUpa kA prayoga samasta apabhraMza kSetra meM pracalita hai / sarahapAda ke dohAkoza meM 41-44 praura kANhapA ke dohAkoza meM 28-57 pratizata 'u' pratyaya kA prayoga sulabha hai| bArahavIM zatAbdI ke saMdeza-rAsaka grantha meM 'u' pratyaya kI apekSAkRta 'pro' kA prayoga bahala hai| maithila kavi vidyApati kI 'kIrtilatA' aura 'kItipatAkA' meM apekSAkRta 'o' pratyaya kA bAhalya hai| ina granthoM meM yatra-tatra 'u' pratyaya kA prayoga dikhAI par3atA haiN| ukta ullekha se spaSTa hai ki 'u' kAraka cihna kA prayoga bahula hai| isalie apabhraMza ko 'ukAra bahulA' bhASA kahA jAtA hai / kAlidAsa ke vikramorvazIya ke apabhraMza aMza meM ukArAnta kI pradhAnatA hai| svayaMbhUdeva ke sabhI paravartI apabhraMza kaviyoM ne isa tathya ko svIkAra kiyA hai| hemacandra se pUrva 'u' apabhraMza bhASA kA pramukha lakSaNa thaa| svayaMbhudeva kRta 'paumacariu' meM nirapavAda 'u' kA prayoga prApya hai| 'u' pratyaya 'pro' kA laghUccarita rUpa hai / 'paumacariu' kAvya meM 'u' kA prayoga draSTavya hai paramesaru pacchima jiNavarindu calaNagge cAliya-mahiharindu / mANujjalu cau-kallANa piNDa cau kammaDahaNu kalikAla-daNDa // pro-yaha rUpa kartA ekavacana meM bahuta kama prayukta hai / 'pro' kA prayoga vikramorvazIya, pAhuDadohA, bhavisayattakahA, saMdezarAsaka, karakaMDacariu tathA prAkRta vyAkaraNa meM pulligavat spaSTa hai| prachahamANa ne apane kAvya meM 'pro' kAraka kA prayoga adhika kiyA hai jinheM DA. bhAyANI ne prAkRtAbhAsa kI saMjJA dI hai| vidyApati ke kIrtilatA va kIrtipatAkA meM 'mo' rUpa kA bAhulya hai / paumacariu meM isakA prayoga alpamAtra hai jisako apabhraMza ne laghUccaritakara 'pro' banA diyaa| yaha 'pro' prAyaH 'u' ke rUpa ke likhA jAtA rahA hai / phira bhI kucha rUpa yathAvat raha gaye / svayaMbhudeva ne kartA va kama ekavacana meM 'pro' kA rUpa pulligavat prakaTa kiyA hai| yathA eha ve hamro hayassa / cohamro gamo gayassa // vAhino raho rahassa / cAhano garo parassa / / pau, pramo-parivardhita rUpa bhI 'paumacariu' meM milate haiMmoliya-mAlau sirekunjaraho / uksoha penti agNaho garaho / taM NisuNevi pokhaNDiya-mANau / lhasiu miyaMku thakku jamarANau // ko vivANa-viNimiNNa-vacchayo / vaahirntccriy-picchro|| uparyukta pratyayoM kA prayoga paumacariu meM svayaMbhudeva dvArA kartA va karma ke ekavacana pulliga va napuMsakaliMga meM hai / 'u' aura 'ayo' kA rUpa prAya 'u' aura 'pro' meM nihita ho gayA hai|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI prA-prApya kSetra ke granthoM meM jahAM ki nivibhaktika yA prakArAnta rUpaka vahIM yatra-tatra prAkArAnta rUpa bhI mila jAtA hai / paumacariu kAvya meM chandAnurodha se 'zabdAnta' 'prA' rUpa ko prayukta kiyA hai| kavi ne bahudhA ukta pratyaya ekavacana meM prayukta kiyA hai, vaise apabhraMza vaiyAkaraNa 'mA' vibhakti cihnaka kA bhI nirdeza karate haiM / yathA tahi prosapiriNa-kAle gaye kppyhcchgnnaa| aho paramesara kul-yr-saaraa| kouhallu yahu eu' bhArA // khemajjali-rANA pravaha ayANA melli sami jaha sakSi jaha samitau / / dhIra-sarIra vIra tava-sUrA sampahuM jIvahuM prAsAUrA // indiya pasavaNa para-ukyArA te kahiM para pAvanti bhagarA // baha devahuM jeM majjhe sNpaa| to kiM kajje vAhaNa hA // cndaaic-raahu-aNgaaraa| agNaho agNa honti kammArA // NivviyAra jiNavara-parivyA iva / raha-vihi viSNANiyariyA iva / / e-prastuta varga meM ekArAnta rUpa bhI pUrvI apabhraMza meM sulabha hai-maarandae Page #35
24 apabhraMza bhAratI nivibhaktika athavA zUnya vibhakti mAlocya vibhakti meM koI-koI zabda apane mUla rUpa meM hI prayukta hokara kartA va karma tathA sambodhana kA pUrNarUpeNa kArya karate haiN| kabhI-kabhI pratyayavihIna zabda bhI vAkya evaM artha kI samIcInatA meM bAdhaka siddha nahIM hote / uttara-pazcimI apabhraMza meM nivibhaktika prayoga pralpa haiM / paumacariu meM sarvatra prakArAnta ke sthAna para ukArAnta prayoga milatA hai| phira bhI gahana adhyayana se prakArAnta zabda zUnya-vibhaktyanta mile haiN| prAcya apabhraMza meM nivibhaktika ke rUpa bahula haiN| paumacariu kAvya meM katipaya zabda prayolikhita haiM kiha vANara girivara ubahandi / bandhevi mayaraharu samucaranti // puriSa pavala samana kiukalayalu / kehi mi ghosiu baubihumastu / / sabamara bi kuvera pahihANe / aTThamu kalasu lahau IsANe // magNa kalasa uccAhaya praNehiM / laksa-kori-prasohinigahi // 2. tiryaka yA vikArI kAraka aura pradhikaraNa ekavacana ke vibhakti rUpa karaNa aura adhikaraNa artha meM samAna pratyayoM kA pryog| eNa payAva-gavesaNeNa, pesa-NeNa, kanduma-saNeNa, pratyANa-giravandhaNeNa, avaloyaNeNa, DoyaNa, pavihAraNeNa, mantaNeNa / bAsu mahA basepareNa praNabaseraNa avalomatihuvaSu / eka eNa kA vidhAna mArkaNDeya ne kiyA hai / yathAsoheNaM vilahelaM bohamro gahanyo / pramaramparaNeNaM, saMvaraNeNaM / eM-.-soeM, khandhAbAreM svayaMbhudeva ne paumacariu meM adhikaraNa ekavacana meM aiM, e, hiM, hoM, eN, eM, u, e, i pratyaya kA prayoga kiyA hai / kisI-kisI sthala para 'zUnya' pratyaya prayukta hai| jabaki apabhraMza ke anya granthoM meM uparyukta pratyaya ke atirikta hi, a~, a, mmi bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / yathA esIse si eN-vara-palakeM, pahu-paMgaNae~, akeM, pareM, bhavarAie~, hiutsaraseDDhihiM, dAhiNaseDDhihiM, dilihi eMsa-hatthe, thavante, kaNDe, khagneM eN=laya-maNDape, khagge, sireM i=sUlapANi, mmilakkhaNammi nivibhaktika athavA zUnya prayoga pAyAlalaGka bahuvacana vibhaktirUpa ... . mAlocya kAraka meM hi aura hiM prayukta huA hai / saMskRta kA 'pa' prAkRta meM 'ha' ho gayA hai| yahI rUpa apabhraMza meM bhI pracalita hai|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 25 ___emiH> emi> ehiM / ehiM> ehi vikAsa huaa| dUsarA rUpa (ma) ahiM> ahi / dekhie ajayarehi, siri-NAsehi, ura-kara-caraNa-kaNNa-NayaNAsehiM, karehiM, sahasa-sahajasarehiM, ubhaya-karehi, sahi, pAyorahiM / eN=kareM u=ujvalu iMvAyaraNapurANa hi-turagehiM, mata-mAyaMgehi, siviyA-jaNehi, pavara-vipANehi, vAhaNahiM nivibhaktika prayoga - vara karavAla-hattha 3. saMpradAna, apAdAna aura saMbaMdha ekavacana ke vibhakti rUpa . .apAdAna he-vaNa-vaNimahe, suha-jaNimahe, ujjahe, duggajjhahe eNa-jameNa e-huprAse, kAle, viNAse, apabhraMza sAhitya meM sambandha kAraka ekavacana ke cihna su, ho, hu, ssa, ha tathA a yA zUnya hai parantu svayaMbhU ne apane kAvya paumacariu meM 'ho' aura 'ssa' kA prayoga kiyA hai| jiNindaho, paraNinvaho, giri-veyaDDaho, rAvaNassa / saMpradAna, apAdAna aura saMbaMdha ke bahuvacana ke vibhakti rUpa havaraMgaNAha~, gheNuvAha, NarAhivAha, hu~-gandagahu~, sandaNahu~, nnyvraahuN| hayavarAhu~, maNDalAhu~, halAhu~, isa mahAkAvya meM svayaMbhU ne sambandha kAraka bahuvacana meM haM kA prayoga to kiyA hI hai, isake atirikta hiM kA bhI prayoga sulabha hai| haM=kanvaraNa rayaNahaM, mi-tihuaNa-paramesarahaM hiMpramara-kumArehi, uttaradAhiNa-saMDDhihiM strIliMga prakArAnta yA prAkArAnta rUpa strIliMga akArAnta va prAkArAnta kartA va karma ekavacana meM zUnya vibhakti pratyaya prathavA kabhI-kabhI (bahuta kama) 'u' pratyaya prayukta huA hai tathA bahuvacana meM 'u' evaM 'o' kA ga prApta hai| ukta 'u' pratyaya ke viSaya meM tarkavAgIza kA mata spaSTa hai, "striyAM supo luka prakRtezca hrasvaH syAdvA na vA" arthAt strIliMga meM su kA lopa aura prakRti ko hrasva vikalpa se hotA hai| tadantara ihAnyato'pikvacid u prayojyo / 'rAhIu bAlAu kaNhu' rAhIu bAlAu= rAdhAvAlA / strIliMga meM pratyaya ke vikalpa alpa haiN| karaNa kAraka ekavacana meM e (hrasva rUpa ha) bahuvacana meM bhI vahI rUpa, apAdAna evaM sambandha koraka ekavacana meM hai, bahuvacana meM hu~,

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26 apabhraMza bhAratI adhikaraNa kAraka ekavacana meM hi, bahuvacana meM hi, sambodhana kAraka ekavacana va bahuvacana meM zUnya vibhakti kA prayoga milatA hai, kahIM-kahIM bahuvacana meM 'ho' kA prayoga prApta ho jAtA hai| kartA aura karma ekavacana meM zUnya vibhakti kA prayoga milatA hai yathA zUnya-anaMgakusuma, candaleha, gAhA-lakkhaNu, tathA bahuvacana meM 'u' kA yathA--- u--- kaNNa u karaNa ekavacana meM e~ aura bahuvacana meM hi kA prayoga svayaMbhU ne kiyA hai yathAe-mahilAe~ hi-vijjahiM tathA apAdAna ekavacana meM he cihna kA prayoga milatA haihe-sumitahe, sIyahe aura adhikaraNa bahuvacana meM hiM kA prayoga, yathAmandodari-sIyAevihiM paumacariu mahAkAvya meM apAdAna va sambandha kAraka kA bahuvacana tathA adhikaraNa kAraka kA ekavacana strIliMga akArAnta va prAkArAnta kA prayoga zUnyavata hai / strIliMga akArAnta zabda ke lie jo pratyaya paumacarita meM prayukta haiM ve hI pratyaya strIliMga meM ikArAnta, IkArAnta, ukArAnta, aura UkArAnta meM pAye jAte haiM / isa prakAra strIliMga zabdoM meM avikArI aura vikArI kArakoM kA vidhAna adhika sphuTa aura spaSTa hai aura zUnya evaM hi vibhakti se samRddha mAdhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kAraka vidhAna kA AdhAra apabhraMza bhASA kI saMracanA kA hI vikasita rUpa hai|

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'paumacariu' para AdhArita saMdhi-vidhAna -suzrI prIti jaina apabhraMga meM saMdhi kA svarUpa sarvathA nayA hai, usakI saMracanA naI hai / aAja taka isa para vicAra nahIM hayA hai| isalie Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNa meM jahAM kahIM bhI saMdhi kA pariccheda AtA hai vahAM saMskRta kI niyamAvali uddhRta karake una bhASAoM meM saMskRta ke zabda DhUMDha kara udAharaNa svarUpa prastuta kara die jAte haiN| inameM bhASA kA mUlarUpa pIche chUTa jAtA hai, pAdatta pradhAna ho jAtA hai aura vahI vyAkaraNa kI parisImA meM bAMdha diyA jAtA hai / isalie Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAmoM meM sahI saMdhi-niyama na khoje-zodhe gae haiM aura na par3he-par3hAe gae haiM / yaha sabhI jAnate haiM ki ina bhASAoM kI jananI apabhraMza hai aura apabhraMza ke vyAkaraNoM meM bhI isa prora koI aMgulinirdeza nahIM hai| isalie yaha socA gayA ki apabhraMza meM nigamanazailI se saMdhi racanA/saMracanA ke niyama dekhe jAe~ jisase unakA eka DhAMcA taiyAra ho sake / prAdatta zabdoM ke kAraNa apavAdoM kA honA bhI aparihArya hai ataH unakA nirdeza aura unase na par3anevAle prabhAva kA saMketa donoM hI niyama-nirdhAraNa meM Avazyaka hote haiN| una apavAdoM kI bhI usa niyama kI vistRti se sahI-sahI vyAkhyA Avazyaka hotI hai / isa taraha ke adhyayana se apabhraMza ke vyAkaraNa meM eka nae adhyAya kA prAraMbha to hogA hI, Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kI saMdhi-saMracanA ko khojane-zodhane ke liye eka pIThikA bhI taiyAra hogii| isa saMdhi-racanA

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28 apabhraMza-bhAratI ko 'paumacariu' ke zabda aura rUpa donoM hI meM nirakhA-parakhA gayA hai jisakA caMcUgrAhI prayatna vidvAnoM ke sAmane hai| zabda saMdhi + niyama-1 yadi pra (svara) ke pare pra (svara) ho to pUrvavartI pra kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura paravartI pra apane mUlarUpa meM surakSita rahatA hai, arthAt pra+praa, yathAkammaTTha kamma-+aTTha aaa 1.1.4 vAmaddha vAma+addha a---a-a 1.6.8 gayaNagaNa gayaNa+praGgaNa a+a a 1.6.9 mohandhAra moha-andhAra a+a gra 1.16.9 vAmakaraguTThau vAmakara+agu?u pra+a= 2.7.4 NIlajaNa NIla+aJjaNa pra+ = 2.9.5 bhariyaJjali bhariya+aJjali a+a a 2.16.9 kusumaJjali kusuma+aJjali a+agra 2.17.5 jhAraNaggi jhANa+-aggi pra+ = 3.2.3 vattIsaTThAraha vattIsa+aTThAraha a+praa 2.17.7 goTThaGgaNe goTTha+aGgaNe a+a-a 4.1.2 avuhanbhantare avuha +abbhantare a+ = 4.1.1 savvagu savva + agu a+pra= 4.14.2 maulaJjali maula+aJjali a+ = 3.7.8 mahaNNava maha-aNNava a- pra-a 5.16.3 paya--aI a+ = 1.8.2 vayaNa vayaNa+praI a+ = 1.8.1 + payaI apavAda pramA nIce diye hue zabdoM meM pra+prapA saMdhi kA svarUpa dIkha par3atA hai| isakA kAraNa yaha hai ki ye apabhraMza ke mUla aura pracuraprayukta zabda nahIM haiN| inheM saMskRta se jyoM kA tyoM Adatta kiyA gayA hai kevala dhvanisAdRzya se apabhraMza kI dhvani meM parivartita bhara kiyA gayA hai / ataH ina udAharaNoM se pahalA niyama khaNDita nahIM hotA, yathA kalpAmara kappAmara paMcANuvrata paMcANuvvaya dharmAdharma dhammAhamma kappa+amara paMca+aNuvyaya dhamma+ahamma a+gra=mA 2.1 a-aprA 2.10 a---gra=pA 3.11

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apabhraMza bhAratI kopAnala narAdhipa zUnyArabhya labdhAvasara guNAlaGkarieM saMsArArAeM cugAsa savvAharaNa suviNAvali dharaNaMjayAsiya kovAraNala garAhiu a + zrAzrA, yathA paramAyariya bhaviyAyA paramAgama kamAgaya kama + Agaya pavAhAvaGgiya pavAha + prAvaGgiya puliNAlaya puliNa + prAlakiya candANaNa bhoyAsattau sugAraSNu laddhAvasarehi puNNAusa raNaTTArambhu gourAI mandirAI devAviya niyama - 2 niyama ko bhA~ti hI yadi zra svara ke pare zrA svara ho to pUrvavartI zra kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura paravartI yA apane mUlarUpa meM surakSita rahatA hai, arthAt kova + praNala ra + hiu suSNa+ dharaNNu laddha + pravasarehi parama + Ayariya bhaviya + Ayara parama - Agama guNa + prAlaGkarieM saMsAra + ArAeM cuSNa+prAsaGge savva + zrAharaNu suviraNa + prAvali dharaNaMjaya + prAsiya canda + raNaraNa bhoya + Asattau puNNa + grAusa ragaTTa + Arambhu goura + AI mandira + AI deva + zrAviya paravartI apane mUlarUpa meM surakSita rahatA hai, paryAt i pra + i = i, pra + I = I, yathAmahiharindu jivarindu mahihara + indu jiNavara + indu a + a = zrA 4.4 a + a = 4.12 a + a = zrA 5.4 a + a = 5.12 - - a + A = zrA a + A = zrA a + A = a + A = a + A = a + A = a + A = zrA a + A = niyama - 3 isI prakAra cha svara ke pare i svara ho to pUrvavartI kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.2 a + A = 1.5 a + A = 1.14 a + mrAyA 1.14 a + A = zrA 1.16 a + mA 2.9 pra + A = zrA 2.9 a + A = 2.9 a + zrA = zrA 2.9 a + A = a + A = a + A = 1.7.7 1.7.7 1.8.3 29 a+ii 1.7 a +i = 1.16

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30 kunda grahamindahu visaharinda rindahuM Indu paMcindiya kammindhaNaiM cAmarinda sohilla diTThI riTThI bharatezvara paramezvara jinezvara vimalekSu kunda + indu hama + inda visahara + inda gara + indahuM IsAraNa + indu paMca - indiya kamma+indharAI cAmara + inda soha + illaM diThThI + I riTTha + I taDujjala hatthutthaliya savvajaNucchaveraNa gANujjalu jampatti NIluppala bhara hesara ho paramesara ho jiNesareNa farara bhara ha + Isara ho parama + Isara ho jiNa + Isare vimala + kkhukva apavAda a + I = e, a + I = e isake udAharaNa bhI mUlataH saMskRta ke udAharaNa haiM jo saha-saMdhi apabhraMza kI dhvaniyoM se nirgata haiM / isameM saMdhi kA koI mUla prAkAra nahIM dIkha par3atA isalie ye udAharaNa bhI a +i = i, a + I = I niyama ko khaNDita nahIM karate / kesara + ugghaviyaM kavva + uppalaM surabhavaNa + ucchaliya NAraNa + ugga maho taDa + ujjala hattha + utthaliya savvajaNa + ucchaveNa a + i = i 3.1 a ii 3.4 a NANa - ujjalu jamma+ uppatti gIla + uppala ii 3.4 apabhraMza-bhAratI a - i i 3.4 a - i i 3.5 a +i = i 3.2 a - i i 3.3 a + i = i 3.3 ai maM. a + I = I maM. a - I = I 1.14.9 niyama - 4 isI pUrvalikhita niyama ke AdhAra para pra svara ke pare u svara ho to pUrvavartI pra kA lopa ho jAtA hai aura paravartI u apane maulika svarUpa meM vidyamAna rahatA hai arthAt a +u = u, yathA kesarugghaviyaM kavvuppalaM surabhavaccha liya maha a + I = e 3.13 a + I = e 3.13 a + I = e 4.13 a- ! - I=e 5.1 a +u = u 1 a +u = u 1 a +u = u 1.1 a +u = u 1.1 a +u = u a +u = u a + u u a +u = u a +u = u a +u = u 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.16 2.2

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apabhraMza-bhAratI ekkuNasaTTi khaNu paTTaNu rAyagihu seharu caraNopari caraNovari aSTottara aTThottara zilopari silovari mAnusottara mANusottara dAnojjhara dANojjharau zIlopavAsa sIlovavAsa SaSThopavAsa chaTTovavA aparoppara avaroppara a+e=e, yathA ekkkae avarershi kahi ekka + uNasaTTi khaNa+u paTTaNa rAyaga+u sehara+u apavAda a +u = pro isake antargata AnevAle zabda bhI mUlarUpa se saMskRta ke zabda haiM jo kevala dhvani AkAra meM bhinna dikhate hue bhI abhinna haiM, isalie saMskRta bhASA kI dhvaniyoM kA anugamana karate haiM / isa kAraNa prapabhraMza bhASA kI zabdAvalI kI saMracanA inase bhI avyAkhyeya hai / ye kevala kAvyabhASA kI prAcInatA kA nirdeza bhara karate haiM, saMracanA kA nahIM / caraNa + uvari ekkamekka kile se veNu +u karevi Ayarevi kummeM samare A + e = e. yathAmahae vihe aTTha + uttara sila + uvari + uttara niyama - 5 isa niyama meM / zrA svara ke pare e hone para e ho zeSa raha jAtA hai aura pUrvavartI svara /zrA kA lopa ho jAtA hai / mANusa dANa + ujjharau sIla + uvavAsa chaTTu + ubavAse avara + uppara ekka + ekkae avara + ekkahi aNNa+ ekkahi ekkama + ekka kilesa + ekka + ekka ra + eppiNu kara + evi 'Ayara + evi a +u = u 5.9 a +u = u maM. 3 a+u= u a +u = u a +u = u kumma+eM samara + e 1.4.9 1.4.9 1.4.9 mahA + evihe a +u = pro 2.2 bha + u = pro 2.1 a +u = pro 2.3 a+u=o 3.7 a +u = o 3.6 a +u = pro 3.11 a +u =o 5.3 a +u = o 6.7 a + e =e 3.4 zra+e=e 3.12 a + e =e 3.12 a + e =e 4. 7 a+e=e 5.15 a + e =e 1.1 a+e=e 1.8.1 a + e =e 1.8.1 31 a + e =e 1.10.2 a+e=e 1.10.2 a+e=e 6.1

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32 niyama - 6 isa niyama kA nirdeza yaha hai a/bhA pUrvavartI svara ke anantara yadi yo svara prAe pro to kevala o svara hI raha jAtA hai aura saMdhi-prakriyA meM a/prA lupta ho jAte haiM a + pro = zro, yathA jaloha kiraNoha visosahi jalolliya jala + ha kiraNa + zroh visa+sahi jala + bolliya kappayaru + ucchaNA prapabhraMza - bhAratI a + pro = a +o = niyama-7 jaba svara kI svara se anuvartatA hotI hai to pUrva kA svara lupta ho jAtA hai aura uttara kA zeSa raha jAtA hai, yathA uuu, yathA kappayarucchaNNA raDDA + prAdu jAlA + prAvali 1.2 2.6 a +o = 97.4 - a + o = 28.3 u+uDa 1.11 niyama - 8 niyama saM. 7 ke sAdRzya para anuvartitA svaroM kI ho to antima dIrghasvara zeSa raha jAtA hai aura pUrva kA lopa ho jAtA hai / A + zrAzrA, yathA raDDAbaddhu jAlAvali grA+thAdhA 1.3 prA+thAmA 28.2.5 niSkarSata: prapabhraMza bhASA kI prakRti hrasvIkaraNa kI hai| yaha prakRti saMdhi-vidhAna aura samAsa - vidhAna meM bhI dIkha par3atI hai| yahI apabhraMza ke zabda aura rUpoM kI kahAnI hai| apabhraMza se niHsRta bhASAoM kI bhI yahI prakRti hai jise sAmane lAne kI AvazyakatA hai, tabhI unakI sandhi aura samAsoM kI vyavasthA sahI saMdarbha meM saMbhava ho skegii|

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svayaMbhU aura pakSa-vicAra -DaoN. choTelAla zarmA 1.1 kriyA ke jisa rUpa se vyApAra kI vibhinna sthitiyAM, dazAeM yA prakriyAeM pratibhAta hotI haiM use 'pakSa' kahate haiN| kriyA mAdhyama hai aura 'pakSa' vyApAra kI sUkSma avasthAoM evaM kArya-saMpAdana ke vibhinna bhAvoM kA pratyAyaka-pradarzaka / isalie 'haoNkeTa' 'pakSa' ko 'kriyA kI parirekhA yA samocca rekhA' kahatA hai / 1 'pakSa' zabda aMgrejI zabda 'espekTa' kA rUpAntara hai aura 'esapekTa' rUsI zabda 'vida' kA / aMgrejI ke isa zabda kI pAzcAtya bhASAvyAkaragaNoM aura vivecanAoM meM aneka vyAkhyAeM haiN| isalie isake prayoga meM vividhatAjanyabhrAMti kA ghaTATopa hai| eka aora rUpa-racanA ke chAe rahane ke kAraNa 'prejeMTa sisTama', 'egrorisTa sisTama' 'paraphekTiva sisTama' Adi lakAra-vargIkaraNa vidyamAna the aura inake prabhAva se 'grIka' aura 'aMgrejI' meM likhe 'hiTanI' ke saMskRta vyAkaraNa taka meM 'imparaphekTivaphArma', 'egrorisTa phaoNrma' prAdi kA prayoga hayA hai tathApi 'imparaphekTa' ke rUpa vastutaH 'paraphekTiva espekTa' ke haiN| isI prakAra aMgrejI ke lakAra ke nAma 'prejenTa paraphekTa', 'pAsTaparaphekTa' yaha bhrAMti utpanna karate haiM ki yahAM 'paraphekTiva espekTa' hai, yadyapi vastusthiti aisI nahIM hai| hindI vyAkaraNa meM 'pakSa' para koI vicAra nahIM hai kyoMki aMgrejI bhASA ke apane vyAkaraNoM meM bhI yaha pRthak saMkalpanA nahIM thI aura na hI saMskRta vyAkaraNoM meM / prAkRta aura apabhraza ke vyAkaraNoM aura vivecanAoM meM bhI isa para vicAra nahIM hai kyoMki ye vyAkaraNa bhI saMskRta vyAkaraNa ke anukaraNoM para likhe gae / prAkRta ne dhvani hI badalI thI apabhraMza ne saMracanA bhI aura apane ko dezI bhI ghoSita kiyA, phira bhI prabhAva banA hI rahA

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apabhraMza-bhAratI kyoMki dezI bhASAoM kA bhI yahI bhAgya hai| yaha kAla kA upAMga hI banA rahA-'isase aneka anizcaya kI artha chaviyA~ prastuta haiM, yahAM taka ki Asanna bhaviSyat bhI....kRdanta aura kriyApada ke saMyoga se 'kAla' vaividhya ko prakaTa kiyA gayA hai| bhUtakAlika karmavAcyakRdanta 'pAsI' ke sAtha milakara pUrNa bhUta kA bhAva prakaTa karatA hai aura 'si' ke sAtha milakara pUrNa vartamAna kaa|'5 1.2 'pakSa' eka atyanta jaTila aura ulajhanabharI vyAkaraNIka koTi hai| isake lie 'vRtti', 'dazA'7, aura 'prakAra' Adi paryAyoM kA prayoga pracalita hai| yaha 'kAla' aura 'vRtti' se prAyaH mizrita dIkha par3atA hai, isIlie DaoN. ja.ma. dImazitsa ne pakSa' ko kAla kA Azrita kahA hai, phira bhI 'kAla' ke sAtha 'pakSa' kI upasthiti kriyA ko bahuta adhika spaSTatA tathA saMbaMdhita samaya meM kArya saMpAdana ke sUkSma bhAvoM ko vyakta karane kI sAmarthya pradAna karatI hai| 'kAla' kriyA kI rUparacanA ko prabhAvita karatA hai aura 'vRtti' tathA 'pakSa' vAkya saMracanA ko| Adhunika Arya bhASAoM ko 'yojaka' aura 'raMjaka' kriyAnoM kI viziSTatA prApta hone ke kAraNa 'pakSa' kI pahacAna sarala hai, phira bhI inake paraMparAgata vyAkaraNa isa bAre meM sarvathA mauna haiN| unhoMne 'pakSa' ko vicAra ke yogya bhI nahIM samajhA hai| ve 'pakSa' ko 'kAla' meM hI nihita mAnate haiM-'kriyA ke usa rUpAntara ko kAla kahate haiM jisameM kriyA ke vyApAra kA samaya tathA usakI pUrNa va apUrNa avasthA kA bodha hotA hai|' 'saMskRta meM bhI 'kAla' kI nizcita abhivyakti para jora nahIM diyA jAtA thaa|'10 prAcIna, Arya bhASAoM meM kAlabheda ke lie kriyA kA vAstavika rUpa thA hI nahIM, vahAM bhI pUrNatva, apUrNatva, samayaniSTha, avyAhata, punarArthaka, upakrAmaka, sAtatya dyotaka, pragati dyotaka, samApti dyotaka Adi vibhinna kriyArUpoM dvArA 'kAla' ke sUkSma bhedoM ko prakaTa kiyA jAtA thaa| inake dvArA hI dhIre-dhIre 'kAla' praNAlI kA vikAsa hA jisakA prAcIna AryabhASAoM meM darzana hotA hai|'11 bhAropIya bhASAoM meM kriyAnoM ke sampanna hone ke kSaNa (bhUta, vartamAna aura bhaviSyat) kA mahatva nahIM thA, Avazyaka yaha thA ki kriyA kI kalpanA usakI pragati kI dRSTi se haI hai athavA vikAsa kI kisI nizcita avasthA kI dRSTi se, aura kyA yaha avasthA prAraMbhika kAla kI thI athavA aMtima kAla kI, yA kriyA kevala eka bAra huI yA bAra-bAra, kyA usakI samApti huI yA usakA kucha pariNAma huA yA nhiiN|12 1.3 'pakSa' kI pRthak vyAkaraNIka koTi ke rUpa meM saMkalpanA aura pahacAna abhI ardha dazaka se banI hai| isake tAtvika vivecana kA prAraMbha 'kAmarI' kI 'espekTa' pustaka ke prakAzana ke sAtha hayA hai, vaise 'rUsI' prabhRti 'romAMsa' bhASAoM meM kriyA ke rUpAntaraNa dvArA pUrNatA-apUrNatA Adi 'pakSa' vibhedoM ko pradarzita karane kI pahala vidyamAna thii| Aja bhI ina bhASAoM meM 'kAla' kI apekSA 'pakSa' kI cetanA pradhAna hai| 'slAva' bhASAoM meM pAe jAnevAle 'pakSa' saMbaMdhI vibhinna prakAryoM kI carcA karate hue jarmana vidvAnoM ne vizeSarUpa se isa bAta para bala diyA hai ki 'pakSa' ke do nizcita AyAma haiN| pahale AyAma kA saMbaMdha 'pakSa' ke vastuparaka saMbaMdha se hai jise kriyArtha kA samaya saMbaMdhI prakriyA vidhi (prAkzana sArTa) kahA jAtA hai| dUsare pAyAma kA saMbaMdha 'pakSa' ke bhAvaparaka saMdarbha se hai| 'pakSa' kI vAstavika sthiti ye bhAvaparaka saMdarbha taka hI mAnate haiN| vAstavika 'pakSa' kA saMbaMdha usa samaya kI abhivyakti ke sAtha

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apabhraza-bhAratI 35 rahatA hai jisakA saMdarbha prokti hai| isameM samaya kI sUcanA mAtra kriyA ke artha para nirbhara nahIM karatI, balki pUre vAkyArtha ko apanA AdhAra banAtI hai| kriyArtha kI prakriyA meM nihita samaya aura prokti ke viSaya meM nihita samaya eka nahIM hotA aura vAstavikatA to yaha hai ki isa do prakAra ke samaya kA paraspara saMbaMdha hI sahI arthoM meM 'pakSa' kI prakRti ko nirdhArita karatA hai| ataH 'pakSa' ke do yugma haiM-1. pUrNakAlika banAma apUrNakAlika tathA 2. pUrNa banAma apUrNa / 'pUrNakAlika pakSa' meM vidheyavAcI prakriyA kA samaya anivAryataH prokti ke viSaya ke dAyare ke bhItara hotA hai aura 'apUrNakAlika pakSa' meM viSaya kA samaya vidheyavAcI prakriyA ke samaya ke dAyare ke bhItara / 'pUrNa pakSa' meM pUrI prakriyA vaktA ke dRSTikoNa meM rahatI hai aura kriyA aMtima pariNati taka pahuMca cukatI hai isalie Age aura hone kI saMbhAvanA samApta ho jAtI hai, 'apUrNapakSa' meM kAma zepa hone kA bhAva banA rahatA hai / '13 kucha vidvAn 'pUrNakAlika', 'apUrNakAlika' tathA 'pUrNa', 'apUrNa' meM bheda na kara inheM 'vyApAra' 'phala' se samIkRta karate haiM / 14 lekina bAta bArIkI meM nahIM utara paatii| 1.4 Arya bhASAoM meM hI nahIM vizva bhASAoM ke vyAkaraNoM meM bhI 'pakSa' kA vivecana bahuta spaSTa nahIM hai, yadyapi yaha 'kAla' kI apekSA adhika prAcIna, mUlabhUta evaM vyApaka rahA hai| 'saMskRta' Arya parivAra kI sarvAdhika prAcIna bhASA hai| usake vyAkaraNoM meM na 'pakSa' yA 'tAtparyAya' zabda hI hai aura na aMgrejI ke 'espekTa' artha meM vivecana hI, hA~ 'dhAtvarthanirNaya meM prakArAntara se saMketa avazya hai| 'bhartRhari' ne kriyA meM kriyAtatva ke astitva ke lie kramikatA kA nirdeza kiyA hai yAvatsiddhamasiddham vA sAdhyatvenAbhidhIyate / mAzritakramarUpatvAt tata kriyetyabhidhIyate / 15 isake chaha bhAva vikAra haiM prAvirbhAva, tirobhAva, janma, nAza Adi / yahI bAta bhartRhari ne bhI apane vAkyapadIya (1.3 ) meM kahI hai AdhyAhitakalAM yasya kAlazaktimupAzritaH / janmAdayo vikArAH SaDbhAvabhedasyayonayaH // prAvirbhAva tirobhAva janmanAzotathApare / SaTasu bhAvavikAreSu kalpitovyAvahAriko 116 yAska ne vyApAra kI chaha avasthAnoM-janma, nAza, vRddhi, kSaya, parivartana aura sthiti kA nirdeza kiyA hai jo 'pakSa' ke nikaTa haiM SaDabhAva vikArAH bhavantIti vAAyariNaH / jAyate'sti vipariNamato vardhate'pakSIyate vinazyatIti / 17 ye krama se utpanna honevAle aneka avayavIbhUta vyApAra hI haiM jinheM saMkalpanAtmaka prakhaMDabuddhi se samagrarUpa meM grahaNa karanA Avazyaka hai| guNAbhUtairavayavaH samUhaH kramajanmanAm / buddha yA prakalpitAbhedaH kriyetivyapadizyate / 18

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36 apabhraMza-bhAratI 'pataMjali' dvArA 'abhyAvRtti' zIrSaka ke antargata kI gaI carcAeM vaise 'espekTa' to nahIM kahI jA sakatIM, lekina bahata dUra bhI nahIM haiN| 'abhimukhIvRtti' hI 'abhyAvRtti' hai19 jo bhinnakAla kI kriyAoM meM hotI hai-'abhyAvRttihibhinnakAlAnAM kriyANAM bhavati / '20 'kriyAbhyAvRtti' kI taraha nitya aura 'pAbhIkSNya' bhI kriyA me saMbaMddha haiN| bAra-bAra kriyA kI pravRtti 'aAbhIkSNya' hai aura jisa kriyA ko kartA pradhAnarUpa se lagAtAra karatA hai, use 'nitya' kahate haiM / inameM antara bhI hai-'pAbhIkSNya' meM kriyA kI prAvRtti pratIta hotI hai aura 'nitya' meM kriyA kA aviccheda jAna par3atA hai| isI prakAra "kriyA samabhihAra' zabda bhI kriyA ke bAra-bAra hone athavA usake tIvra svarUpa ko vyakta karatA hai-'paunaH punyabhRzArtho vA kriyAsamabhihAraH' / 21 isa taraha 'dhAtvarthanirNaya' meM kramika vyApArayukta 'sAdhyAvasthA' bhI nihita hai aura 'phala' rUpa 'siddhAvasthA' bhI kyoMki pratyeka kriyA meM 'vyApAra' ke sAtha 'phala' kA yoga hotA hai| phala aura vyApAra ke bIca janya-janaka saMbaMdha hai-phala janya hai aura vyApAra janaka / isa prakAra avayavabhUta gauNa kriyAoM kI kramika avasthA se jo vyApAra hotA hai usase phala kI niSpatti hotI hai| isa taraha yahAM 'pakSa' kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa achutA raha gayA hai aura 'kAla', 'vRtti' tathA 'pakSa' tInoM ko lakAra se abhihita kara diyA gayA hai| 1.5 'kAla', 'pakSa' aura 'vRtti' bhinna-bhinna vyAkaraNIka koTiyA~ haiM / 'kAla' aura 'pakSa' kA vyApAra ke bhautika aMga se saMbaMdha hai| inakI sattA bhI bhApAmAtra meM nihita hotI hai| bhASA ke bAhara kA kAla samaya kahalAtA hai jo anAdi, ananta aura avibhAjya bhI hai aura avicchinna rUpa se niraMtara eka dizA meM gatimAna bhii| kAma calAne ke lie isako vibhAjita kara liyA jAtA hai-kSaNa isakI sabase choTI ikAI hai jyAmitIya bindu ke sadRza jo sarvathA pAyAmavihIna hai / isake tIna saMghaTaka haiM-koI eka saMdarbha bindu yA nirdezAMka, avadhi kI koI na koI dhAraNA aura Age-pIche kA krama / samAja kI dRSTi se sArvajanIna nirdezAMka hI mahatvapUrNa hai, isalie sAmAnya aura niyata ghaTanA IsvI, vikramIya, saMvat, zatI jaise pAyAmoM meM kI jAtI hai, sAla, mahInA, dina, ghaMTA Adi avadhi ke avayava haiN| lekina bhASA meM prokti aura prakathana meM ekajanIna nirdezAMka aura avadhi ke darzana hote haiM kyoMki vaha vaktAkendrita hotA hai| sAmAnyata: jagat kA pratyeka kArya vyApAra isa laukika samaya ke dharAtala ke kisI na kisI bindu para hI ghaTita hotA hai| jaba yaha vyApAra bhASA meM samaya-saMdarbha ke prastuta hotA hai to sAmAnyataH prokti kA samaya hI nirdezAMka kA kAma karatA hai jo use bhUta, vartamAna yA bhaviSyat jaise kRtrima khaMDoM meM bAMTa detA hai / yaha kRtrima isalie kahA jAtA hai ki pravAha kA koI bindu rokakara sthira nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| yaha saMdarbha bindu hI ukti kA zunya bindu kahalAtA hai22 aura isake pariprekSya meM vibhAjita kAlakhaMDa vyAkaraNika kAla / 1.6 'kAla' samaya nahIM hai, samayabodha hai-vaktAniSTha, vaktA kA manobhASika jagat / yaha laukika ghaTanA saMdarbha kI taraha nirapekSa aura sthira nahIM hai balki gatimAna aura sApekSa / ata: samayavAcI kriyAvizeSaNoM aura parasargoM kA mUlya bhI sApekSika hai kyoMki ye ukti samaya para nahIM, usameM varNita yA nihita kisI anya samaya-bindu para Azrita rahate haiM isa prakAra 'kAla' kArya vyApAra ke samaya ko kisI anya saMdarbha samaya se joDa detA hai jo ukti samaya bhI

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 37 ho sakatA hai yA usameM nihita koI anya samaya bindu bhii| isa taraha kAla ghaTanA-samaya aura maMdarbha samaya ke bIca vidyamAna saMbaMdha kA vyatikaraNa yA vyAkaraNIkaraNa hai| vaktA kabhI eka samaya bindu se baMdhA nahIM hotA, vaha to eka samayAvadhi meM phailA hotA hai, aura yaha samayAvadhi kitanI choTI bar3I hai, yaha bhI vaktA para hI nirbhara hotA hai, isalie samaya bindu kA prayoga na hokara samaya vistRti kA prayoga hotA hai| isI vyakti niSThatA ke kAraNa 'kAla' ko DAikTika kahA gayA hai| vaktA vartamAna meM rahate hae bhI vartamAna se baMdhatA nahIM hai, vaha pratIta kI ghaTanA kA 'smaraNa' karatA hai aura bhaviSya kI ghaTanA kI pratyAzA' / yaha 'smaraNa' aura 'pratyAzA' kI zakti use samaya ke baMdhana se thor3A bahata mukta kara detI hai| usakI 'kalpanA' aura 'tarkaNAzakti' usake nirdezAMka ke vartamAna se haTAkara bhUta yA bhaviSya meM sthApita kara sakatI hai| isa prakAra nirdezAMka ke Age-pIche khisakane se aura 'smaraNa' tathA 'pratyAzI' ke saMyoga se aneka 'kAla' sthitiyAM bana jAtI haiN| __ 1.7 'kAla' saMracanA ke stara para kriyA koTi hai aura artha saMracanA ke stara para vAkyAtmaka koTi kyoMki yaha vAkya ke anya samaya sUcaka tatvoM se prabhAvita pratibaMdhita hotA hai / kabhI-kabhI 'pakSa' tathA 'vRtti' meM bhI 'kAla' kA apratyakSa bodha nihita rahatA hai / yaha kriyA pada baMdha ke bhItara bhI sarvathA pRthaka ikAI nahIM hai| bhASA meM koI bhI aisA 'kAla', 'vRtti', yA 'pakSa' nahIM hai jimakA prArthI kSetra kevala vahIM taka sImita ho jahAM taka usake vyAkaraNika nAma se vyakta-saMketita hotA hai| 'kAla' kA samaya vibhAjana antata: manovaijJAnika hai aura mulyamApekSika / 'pakSa' tathA 'kAla' ke prArthI kSetra bhI itane antamizrita haiM ki prAyaH vyAkaraNoM meM ina donoM ke kriyA rUpoM ko saMyukta rUpa se prastuta karane kI paraMparA rahI hai| inake bIca kaI aise mahatvapUrNa saha prayogAtmaka saMbaMdha haiM jo anyathA spaSTa nahIM ho sakate 123 1.8 yaha bAta aba spaSTa hai ki kriyA vyApAra kA eka bAharI kAla hotA hai aura dUsarA bhItarI jimakA bAharI yA laukika dharAtala kI nApajokha se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hotA hai kyoMki isakA phailAva kAryAraMbha se kAryAnta taka rahatA hai| asala meM kArya-vyApAra ke isa prAMtarika kSetra kA bodha hI 'pakSa' hai jo kevala bhASA meM hI saMbhava hai| yaha prAMtarika kAla bodha itanA svataMtra bhI hai ki jo na laukika kAla se jur3A hai, na ukti ke zUnya bindu se aura na kAla khaMDa se / yaha kevala kArya-vyApAra kI pUrNatA-apUrNatA kI kisI avasthA kA bodha karAtA hai| yaha alaga bAta hai ki isa pUrNatA-apUrNatA kI avasthA kA bodha mAnasika rUpa se bhUta yA vartamAna ke sAtha mizrita kara diyA jAtA hai aura jo bAharI saMracanA meM vAMchita kAla-cihnaka ke sAtha prakaTa hotA ho, phira bhI yaha koI anivAryatA nahIM hai| yaha kAla-cihnaka binA bhI vyakta ho sakatA haiN| inameM bhUtakAlika rUpa pahale se hI vivAdAspada rahe haiM / DaoN. ravIndra zrIvAstava ise 'kAla' nirapekSa mAnate haiM aura kAmatAprasAda guru tathA azoka kelakara ise kAlayukta kriyA aura sAmAnyabhUta ke nAma se abhihita karate haiM / 24 ___1.9 kAmarI ne 'pakSa' ko kArya-vyApAra ke prAMtarika 'kAla' kSetra ko dekhane kI vibhinna dRSTiyAM kahA hai / 25 isa prakAra 'pakSa' ke antargata kevala vaha samaya-vistAra pAtA hai jo vyApAra yA ghaTanA ke prAraMbha se aMta taka phailA rahatA hai aura jo kevala prAMtarika kSetra hai|

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38 apabhraMza-bhAratI isameM vyApAra yA ghaTanA ke laukika jagat meM vAstavika rUpa se ghaTita hone kA bhAva antanihita rahatA hai, saMbhAvita yA saMkalpita vyApAra se isakA koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| isa taraha pakSa kA bodha mUlataH kevala unhIM kArya-vyApAroM ke saMbaMdha meM saMgata hai jo laukika dharAtala para ghaTita ho rahe haiM athavA ho cuke haiN| isake atirikta jo kArya-vyApAra laukika jagat meM ghaTita nahIM hue haiM aura jo vaktA ke mastiSka meM hI icchA, abhivRtti, saMbhAvanA prAdi ke rUpa meM nihita haiM, unakA saMbaMdha 'vRtti' se hotA hai, 'pakSa' ke kSetra meM ve nahIM pAte / isa taraha 'pakSa' kArya vyApAra kI bhautika avasthA hai aura 'vRtti' manovaijJAnika / yahI kAraNa hai ki novela 'vRtti' ko kAryavyApAra kA manovaijJAnika 'pakSa' kahate haiM, 'vRtti' kArya-vyApAra kI usa avasthA yA rIti ko vyakta karatI hai jise vaktA mAnasika stara para apanI cetanA tathA dRSTikoNa se dekhatA hai / usakI yaha dRSTi icchA, kalpanA, saMkalpa yA anumAna Adi se prerita ho sakatI hai / isa prakAra 'vRtti' se kArya-vyApAra ke prati vaktA kI abhivRtti yA kartA aura kArya-vyApAra ke saMbaMdha meM usake dRSTikoNa kA bodha hotA hai| ataH 'pakSa' aura 'vRtti' ke bhinna AyAma haiN| __2.0 Adhunika bhASAvid 'pakSa' kI ghaTanAparaka vyAkhyA se hI saMtuSTa nahIM hai, ve usakI vikAsAtmaka vyAkhyA prastuta karate haiN| unake anusAra 'pakSa' aba kevala kisI vyApAra yA ghaTanA ke hI saMdarbha meM nahIM dekhA-samajhA jAtA hai / 26 isase vyApAra kI vAstavika kAlAvasthA-prAMtarika kAlakSetra ke alAvA, vyApAra se eka dama pUrva yA bAda kI ve kAlAvasthAeM bhI zAmila haiM jo ghaTanA yA vyApAra ke 'pakSa' bodha ko pravAhita karatI haiN| yahAM kriyA-vyApAra kI paridhi prAMtarika 'kAla' kSetra se kucha bAhara taka A jAtI hai, aura 'pakSa' ke tIna AyAma ho jAte haiM-pUrvavartI, samavartI aura prvrtii| isase alaga 'pakSa bodha' kA eka anya AyAma bhI hai jo 'pakSa' ke prAMtarika samaya-vinyAsa kA nirmANa karatA hai / isakA bAhya saMdarbha-samaya yA laukika samaya se koI saMbaMdha nahIM hai, yaha to 'pakSa' bodha meM nihita vyApAra ke prAMtarika samaya kA vinyAsa yA bunAvaTa hai jisaye yaha bodha hotA hai ki vyApAra kSaraNaparaka hai yA vistAraparaka, eka bAra ghaTita hotA hai, yA bAra-bAra arthAt ekala ghaTanA hai yA pAvRttiparaka, prakriyAMta athavA avasthAnta, sthityAtmaka hai yA prakriyAtmaka, upalabdhi hai yA kAryasiddhi / ye sabhI 'pakSa' ke lakSaNa haiM jo 'pakSa' ko gahanatA aura viziSTatA pradAna karate haiM / 'pakSabodha' kA yaha AyAma rekhIya na hokara uttarAdhara kramika hai| kucha kriyA vizeSaNa vAkya ke kriyArUpoM dvArA va vyakta 'pakSa' bodha ko parimANita yA parisImita karate haiM aura prAyaH samadharmI 'pakSoM ke sAtha sahaprayukta hote haiM / ye kriyA vizeSaka vistAra yA avadhi sUcaka hone ke kAraNa parimANaka kahe jAte haiM aura rekhIya hote haiM / inake viparIta kSaNaparaka kriyAoM ke sAtha nizcita samaya bindu yA kSaNa ko sUcita karanevAle kriyA vizeSaNa prayukta hote haiM / ye 'pakSa' parimANaka kSaNaparaka kriyA vizeSaNa kahalAte haiN| prAvRttiparaka vyApAra ko sUcita karanevAle kriyA vizeSaNoM kA prayoga abhyAsa ke sAtha rahatA hai / kucha vyApAra hI aise haiM jinameM prakRti se hI prAvRti bhAva nihita rahatA hai / kabhI-kabhI kAlacihnaka yojaka kriyAmoM ke prayoga se bhI 'pakSa' ke mUlyoM meM sUkSma antara pA jAtA hai| ata: pakSa ke bhedopabhedoM ko nIce ke pArekha se prakaTa kiyA jA sakatA hai / 27

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apabhraMza-bhAratI pUrNatvadyotaka 1 prArambhatvadyotaka 2 3 apUrNatvadyotaka sthityAtmaka sAtatyadyotaka prAraMbhatva prAraMbha pUrvasva dyotaka dyotaka yakSa 1 12. T paunaH punya dyotaka 2.10 bhUtakAlika kRdanta + raMjaka kriyA 'prAsI' 1. hard saccu jaM dipA prasi 2. 3. 4. kahiu prAsi mahu parama jirindeM 1 29 pesiya vevi prAsi desantara 130 nityatvadyotaka 5. 6. * 7. 8. kahi si si jo caraNehi / 35 9. 10. 11. 5 utparivartanadyotaka sAtatyadyotaka vardhamAnatva dyotaka 2.1 pUrNatva bodhaka pakSa -- isameM vyApAra samagrarUpa se pUrNa hotA hai aura ghaTanArUpa meM dekhA jAtA hai jo prakaraNa athavA saMdarbhAzrita rahatA hai / isameM 'raMjaka kriyA' kI variMkA kArya vyApAra kI pUrNatA ko eka nirapekSa prAyAma pradAna karanA hai jo prAMzika pakSAtmaka lakSaNoM se yukta hone ke kAraNa 'niyamita cihnaka varga' meM nahIM aatii| isakA mukhya kriyAoM se saha prayogAtmaka saMbaMdha hai / yaha kriyA ke kozIya artha ko to prabhAvita karatI hai, lekina vyAkaraNika artha meM nahIM / svayaMbhU ne 'AsI' aura 'si' raMjaka kriyA kA cihnaka rUpa meM adhika prayoga kiyA hai abhyAsa pragatidyotaka dyotaka 28 vijbhu imu maMDalu, bahucintiya phalu, si samappiDa vappeM 131 mittiyahi prAsi jaM vuttau | 32 aTThAva hontu Na vi tAvaTTai prAsi mAe~ giliu 133 jAzro si si kAsI visaeN 1 34 jAsi zrAsi hauM saraNa payaTTau 136 jaM lai zrAsi puNNehi viNu......... risi Nisiyari eN prasi jaM giliyau ....... 137 138 eu gaM jANahuM prAsi kiu amhahiM ko pravarAho 139 39 2.11 bhUtakAlika kRdanta + raMjaka kriyA 'si' - 1. riNamanti si indreNadeva 140 2. lAi tujbhu jujbhu ettaDaukAla, DhukkA si sIhadantantarAlu 141 so lakkhi sisaI loyahi 142 3. samAptidyotaka

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40 apabhraMza bhAratI ___2.2 apUrNatva bodhaka pakSa-yaha vyApAra ke svabhAvataH pUrNa hone kI prakriyA hai jisakI pariNati mukhyataH sahAyaka pada cihnaka' racanA ke dvArA hotI hai| yaha kisI na kisI rUpa meM mUla 'pakSa' pratyayoM ke prAzaya ko guNAtmaka rUpa meM prabhAvita karatI hai| isase kArya vyApAra kI pUrNatA yA apUrNatA se sambaddha kisI viziSTa 'pakSa' kA udghATana bhI hotA hai / 'vRtti' sUcaka racanAeM prAya: 'pakSa' nirapekSa hotI haiM aura 'pakSa sApekSa' racanAeM 'kAla' nirapekSa / kelAna ne sAmAnya avasthA ko hI kAla nirapekSa racanA mAnA hai aura use phira pUrNa-apUrNa kriyA se jor3A hai| usake anusAra sAmAnya apUrNa kriyA 'pakSa' vaha kriyA-rUpa hai jo 'kAla' nirapekSa hai aura kriyA 'pakSa' ke anusAra apUrNa / isake aneka prakAra batAe jAte haiM jinakA vivaraNa nIce diyA gayA hai| 2.2 10 prAraMbhatvadyotaka pakSa-isake dyotana meM svayaMbhU ne pramukhataH 'lagga' raMjaka kriyA kA prayoga kiyA hai, kucha sthala saMdarbhAzrita bhI haiM jinameM kriyA kA kramika anvaya maura vartamAnakAlika kRdanta kI punarUkti pramukha hai2.2.11 dhAtu+-kriyArthaka pratyaya+raMjaka kriyA lagga 1. ................."NAsevi salila pievaeN laggA / 2. .................."cintevae~ laggu visaNNa maNu / 3. mauDeNa mauDu tu vi laggu................... 145 4. dadadura raDevi lagga NaM sajjaNa / 46 5. vetAlaeN mahi kaMpaNahe lagga 147 6. magahAhiu puNu vedaNahaM laggu 148 2.2.12 dhAtu + vartamAna tiGatarUpa+raMjaka kriyA lagga 1. avaropparu muhaI Nieha lagga 149 .........."lagga viyArehiM dugNayasAmiriNa / 2.2.13 dhAtu+ijja+vartamAna tiGatarUpa-raMjaka kriyA lagga 1. so vihi chandeNa sAmaNNahi mi tulijjai laggau / / / 2.2.14 vartamAnakAlika kRdantIya kramikatA evaM punarUkti 1. chijjantamahaggayagaru agatta, NivaDanta samudaya dhavala chattu / / 2 2. taNutAvai lAvai pemma jaru, pAyallai sahuI kusumasaru / vidhati kAma ukkovaI, rovai ujjaMgala loygii|53 2.2.2 prAraMbhapUrvatva bodhaka pakSa-prAraMbha se pUrva kI sthiti meM ukti ke zunya bindu tathA kAryAraMbha bindu ke bIca ke antara ko kSINa karane yA na karane kA vaktA kA mAnasika prayAsa rahatA hai jise mAnasika ghaTanA yA vRtti ke rUpa meM nahI balki kAryAraMbha kI pUrva sUcanA yA kAryAraMbha ke ekadama pUrva ke vyApAra ke rUpa meM liyA jA sakatA hai isameM kAryAraMbha kI tAtkAlikatA kA bodha nihita rahatA hai| 2. ....

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 2.2.20 pAtu+kiyArthaka pratyaya 1. raNaM mucchaeN kiu sahiyattaNau, jaM rakkhiu jIvugamaNamaNau / / 4 2. ajja vi mamarehiva kamala-sare / acchevau varisa virADa ghare ||4e 3. prAya savvaI vacevAiM, iMdiyaI paMca khNcevaaii| 54bI 2.2.21 kriyArthaka rUpa + kartRtva pratyaya 1. sAmiya pasAya-saya-riNa-maNAhaM, vandiyajaNa-ariNavariya-dhaNAhU~ / / 2. tuhu~ dIsai daNu mAhappa cappu 156 ___3.. hari dhure deppiNudhae~ vijaujaNahoM pekkhnthoN| Nigga u indai NaM baMdhaNAru haNuvantahoM / 2.2.22 pakSaparimANaka jAma-tAma+kriyAbhyAsa 1. lei Na lei jAma maru NandaNu, tAma padhAiu varaNu sa-sandaNu 158 2. kareM dhaNuruha lei Na lei jAma, sakalattau lakkhaNu diTTha tAma 150 . 3. kirajAma bhiDanti bhiDanti NaM vi tAva NivAriya vAraeNhiM 160 4. bhiDai Na bhiDai jAmba Nala-pIla garavarAha~, tAmba vihIsaNa rahu diNNaaMtarAle 161 2.23 pakSa parimANaka jAma-tAma+tAtkAlika vyApArasUcaka mUla kriyA 1. eva bhaNevi lei kirajAvahiM, loriNau jema vileviya tAvahiM 162 2. ettaDiya paropparu bollajAma, cittaMgusa-sandaNu pAutAva 163 3. kira avaru cAu kareM caDai jAmba, sayakhaMDa-khaMDuraha kiyau tAmba 164 uppae~ vijAma, kiradharai purandaru pattutAma / 5. haNuvante mahoaru siDiujAma, sojambumAli sampattu tAmba 166 6. dhaNu savvahA~ lakkhaNa virahiyeha, laiulaiu hatthahoM paDai / 22.24 kAraNa-kArya viparyaya 1. maNi rosu pavaTThiu vallahahoM, kiradei diTThataru pallvaho / sAtatya bodhaka pakSa-sAtatya bodhaka 'pakSa' se kArya-vyApAra ke ukti ke zUnya bindu yA kisI saMdarbha samaya meM jArI rahane kI asthira avasthA kA jJAna hotA hai| isameM pravadhiparaka kriyA vizeSaNoM kA prayoga saMbhava hai| svayaMbhU ne isa prakAra ke vyApAra se saMbaMdhita aneka maMgimAnoM ko gUMthA-piroyA hai2.3.0 vartamAnakAlika kRdantaraMjaka kriyA 1. Niya lIla( sIyA-suravai, saI accharahiM ramantu thiu 169 2. je viramantA mAsi lakSaNa rAmahu saMkevi / paravaDa surayAsatta prAvaNa thiya muhu DhaMkevi / 70

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 3. kasu kerau evaDDu duhu, vaNe acchahoM jeNa rUantiyau / / 1 4. puNu vipalAu karanti Na thakkai, kuDhe laggau laggau jo sakkai2 5. sahu~ sAhaNeNa kaMTaiya dehu, prAvantau dIsai kavaNu ehu / 73 2.2.31 kriyArthaka kriyA+mUla kriyA 1. rayaNihi-bhavaNu va Nidivau, kira uTThavaNa karei paDIvau / 2.2.2 pUrvakAlika kriyA+mUla kriyA 1. pariyaMcevi Nave vi thuNevi riNaviTTha, sayala vijaNuvaya layantudiTTha / 75 2. ema bhaNevi teNa hakkAriu, 'kahi~ tiyale vijAhi' paccAriu / . 2.2.33 kriyAyaMkAbhyAsa 1. kahiM vi ghora-bhaMDaNaM, siroha deha khaMDaNaM / Narinda-vinda dAraNaM, turaMga-magga vAraNaM / 77 2.2.34 vartamAnakAlika kRdantAbhyAsa 1. bhajjataM maharahAI jujjhataM suhaDAI, NiggaMta aMtAI / bhijjata gattAI, lohaMta cinhAI, tuTuMta chattAI / 78 2. vuccai maraha NarAhivai, sara majjhi trnttrntaaii|79 3. tehae~ vi mahAraNe, meiNi kAraNe, rahotarantitaranti para 180 2.2.35 bhAvavAcyAbhyAsa 1. aho dharahi vihIsaNa jattAI, vaNe mecchahi piTTijjantAI / 81 2.2.36 anukaraNAtmaka kriyAbhyAsa 1. dumudumu dumaMta duMduhi vamAla ghumu ghumu, ghumaMta ghumukkatAlu / simi, simi simaMta jhallari NihAu ................ 182 2: katthai vollAvolli varAvari, katthai DhukkA Dhukki dharAdhara 183 2.2.37 avadhiparaka kriyAvizeSaNa/garaNanIya/pragaNanIya 1. jo jAya-diNahoM laggevi saNehu, sobala-lakkhaNahaM khayahA~ Nehu / 84 2. ajjahoM laggevi tuhaM mahu rANau / 85 3. vasuhAra pavarisiya puNu vitAma, aNNu vi aTThAraha pakkhajAma 186 4. tIsa pakkha pahu paMgaNaeN, vasuhAra variTThI / 87 5. tahA~ divasahoM laggevi adhu varisu, ginvANa parisiya rayaNa varisu / 88 2.2.38 prakaraNAzraya/saMdarbhAzraya 1. jiha jiha mArui samareM Nabhajjai, tiha tiha kaNNa NirAriu rajjai / 89

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apabhraMza bhAratI 43 2. kA vikanta sire bandhai phullaI, vatthaI parihAvei amullaI 190 3. puNu tihi mi jagahu~ darisAviyau, siva-sANa-sivAle hi~khAviyau 191 2.2.39 kramikatA-kriyAnvayatA 1. jaM asahejjI mukka vaNantareM, mucchau enti-janti tahi~ avasareM 2 2. raNe parisakkanti bhamanti kiha, cala caMcala vijjula puMjajiha 193 3- Na jaladda Na candaNa kamala sejja, Dhukkanti janti, aNNoNNa vejja / 4 4. vaTTai tallavella sattamayahA~ mucchau entijanti aTThamayaho / 5 5. tahi~ tiNi vi kai vi divasa thiyai~, jiNa pujjau jiNa-NhavaNaiM kiyaiM / 2.2.4 vardhamAnatvaghotaka pakSa-mUlakriyA ke sAtha sAtatyapakSa jur3A hone para isakA bhAna hotA hai / yaha sAtatyapakSa kA eka viziSTa rUpa bhara hai1. tiNNi vi kaNNau parivaDhiyau, NaM sukkai kahau rasavaDDhiyau / 2. jAI vi DhillI hontAI, tAi mi raNa rasa pulauggayaiM / Nie~ vi paropparu cindhAiM, sUhaDahaM kavayai~ phUTavigayaiM 198 3. abhiTu paropparu jujjhu ghoru, sari sotta-sauttara pahara thoru / chijjanta mahaggaya garuagatta, NivaDanta samuddhaya-ghavala chatta / 2.2.5 paunaH punya ghotaka pakSa-isa 'pakSa' ke dvArA kathana ke kSaNa meM vyApAra ke bAra-bAra hone kI sUcanA milatI hai| yaha eka prakAra se samaya vistAra kA bodha hai| 2.2.50 vartamAnakAlika kriyAbhyAsa 1. labdhai pesaNe sAmiya pasAu, labhai kie~ viNaeN jaNANurAu / 100 2. sAhAru Na vandhai eijAi, arahaTTajante Nava ghaDiya NAI 1101 2.2.51 pakSa parimANaka kriyAvizeSaNa+vartamAna kAlika kriyArUpa 1. jettiya daNu du-jau saMbhavai, tettiya paharantahu~ jasu bhamai / 102 2.2.6 abhyAsadyotaka pakSa-sAmAnyataH abhyAsadyotaka pakSa ke lakSaNa AvRtti, nityatA yA anukrama mAne jAte haiM, parantu jina vyApAroM kA saMbaMdha bhautika yA mAnasika avasthA se hotA hai, una para prAvRtti, nityatA yA anukrama lakSaNoM ko usa rUpa meM prAropita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, jisa rUpa meM prAvRttiparaka yA prakriyAtmaka vyApAroM para / prataH abhyAsadyotaka pakSa meM avasthA-vistAra aura sudUratA nihita lakSaNa rahatA hai| isameM 'sAtatya' tathA 'vardhamAnatva' kI apekSA adhika gahanatA aura tIvratA hotI hai| 2.2.60 baccholatA dujjaNa muha iva vindhaNa sIlaI, visa-hala iva mucchAvaNa liilii|103

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apabhraMza bhAratI 2. viNNi vi taNa-te yAhaya-timira, viNNi vi jiNa-caraNa-kamala-Na mira / 104 3. NilloNu mumai saloNu sarai Niya sahAu eNu tiyamaihe / 105 2.2.61 nityatA aura prAvRtti 1- ahi prasai to vi sihi maharavANi 1106 2. maNu jujjhahoM uppari tAsu NirAriu acchahai / 107 3. khala khuddaI dukkiyakArAI, NAraiya Naraya-paisArAI / 108 4. accaMta sahaMta ciMtatihi mi, pahuseva sudukkara sabvahammi / 100 2.2.7 pragati dyotaka pakSa-isase vyApAra ke nirantara vikAsa kI prakriyA sUcita hotI hai arthAt byApAra pUrNa nahIM huA hai, balki usake vikAsa kI prakriyA pragati para hai| 2.2.70 bhUtakAlika kRdaMta+dhAtu+ijja+vartamAna kalika tiGtarUpa pattiya evahi rAvaNu jijjai, Niya maNe sayala saMkavajjijjai / miliu vihIsaNu sulaMka paIsaho, laggau karayale sIyahalIsaho / 110 2.2.71 bhUtakAlika kRdantoM ko vikasanazIlatA _.......... pariulI divasu atthamiu mittu / aNuratta sajja Na vesa aAya, NaM rakkhasirattArattajAya / bahalanSayAra puNu Dhukku rAi, masi khapparu vihiu samattha nnaaii|11 2.2.72 vartamAnakAlika vikasanazIla kriyAbhyAsa 1. bhIsaNa rayaNi hiM bhIsaNa aDai, khAi va gilai va uvari va paDai / 112 2. vairaI Na kuhanti jajjaraI, hau haNaI Nirutta sattamavantaraiM / 113 2.2.8 samApti ghotaka pakSa-isameM kArya kI pUrNatA prAMtarika kAla kSetra ke bhItara se tathA prAraMbha, madhya aura anta prAdi vibhinna caraNoM se banI eka prakriyA kI samApti ke rUpa meM dekhI jAtI hai| /ho, laggA, /grAsI, kara Adi raMjaka kriyAeM isakI dyotaka haiN| 2.2.80 vizeSaNa+raMjaka kriyA ho / 1. ki duvvali hUyau kumAra tuhu~ / 14 2. muhalI hUyau kama juyalu kiM raNeura sadeM / 115 3. gau vandaNaM uttie~ jiNavarAsu, pAsaNNI hUu mahIharAsu / 4. gaya pAeM buDDhI hUyae~ Na maeNNa ji kaha va Na mAriyaiM / 117 2.2.81 vizeSaNa+raMjaka kriyA kar 1. jeNa NiratthI kiu Nalakuvvara / 18

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apabhraMza bhAratI 45 2.2.82 bhUtakAlika kRdanta+raMjaka kriyA 'pAso' 1. Nisi Nisiyarie~ prAsi, jaM giliyau NAI paviu jau uggiliyau / 119 2.2.83 bhUtakAlika kRdanta 1. puNNa-mahakkhae~ pekkhu kiha vajjamae~ vi khamme ghuNu laggau / 120 2.3 sthityAtmaka pakSa- isameM sthita kA bodha kriyA rUpa se na hokara saMpUrNa vAkya dvArA hotA hai aura vizeSa astitva yA sthiti kI sUcanA detA hai jisakI kAlAvadhi anirdhArita hotI hai / isalie ise 'kAlAnuvartana hInatA' nAma bhI diyA gayA hai / 121 vartamAnakAlika astitvavAcaka kriyA meM kAlAvadhi ke Adi aura aMta ko sImita nahIM kiyA jA sakatA haiM / 122 2.31 vartamAnakAlika kRdanta-+raMjaka kriyA acch __ 1. pahilaeN paharaddha vi cintamANu, acchai NigUDha purisehi samANu / 123 2.3.2 kriyArthaka kriyA--raMjaka kriyA sakka 1. sirimAla dhaNuddharuraNumuhe, duddharu gharevi Na sakkiu sukharehi / 124 2.3.3 pakSa parimANaka1. jetthu paIvu tetthu siMhaNajjai, jetthu aNaMgu tetthu rai jujjai / jetthu saraNehu tetthu paNayaMjali, jetthu payaMgu tetthu kiraNAvali / 125 . 2. thiya caupAse parama jiNindahoM, NaM tArAgaha punnnnim-cndhoN| vairaI parisesiva thiya vaNayara, mahisa turaMgama kesari kuMjara / 126 2.3.4 nityatva bodhaka pakSa--isase kArya vyApAra kI prAvRtti yA eka anizcita avadhi taka vistAra kA bodha hotA hai jo vartamAnakAlika anvaya meM gRhIta rahatA hai / 1. jo Naravai asa sammANakaru, so pattiya attha-samatthaharu / 127 2. cora-jAra-ahi-vairahuM, huavahu'marahuM, jo avaheri karai Naru / so aireNa viNAsai, vasaNu payAsai mUlatalukkhau jemataru / 128 aparikkhiu kijjai kajjaNa vi / 129 4. NigguNa jaivi dhammu paricattA, te ji bandhu je avasara pattA 1130 gAha Na hoi ehu bhallArau, savvahaM jaNaNa-vaisa vaDDArau / 131 6. kodIsai atthamieM sUreM / 132 7. saccu mahantau savvahIM pAsiu / 133 8. suhije sUlu paDikUlau, parajeM sahoyaru jo aNuattai / 134 2.4 utparivartana ghotaka pakSa-ukta pakSa se kisI anya yA prAgata vyApAra yA sAdhana se prabhAvita hokara parivartita hone kA bhAva dyotita hotA hai / 135 yaha eka prakAra kA karmavAcya hai / 136 aura mukhyataH bhUtakAlika kRdanta meM saMgrathita hai /

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46 1. 5. 6. 7. 2. 8. apabhraMza-bhAratI 3. yaha svayaMbhU ke 'pakSa' vicAra kA caMcugrAhI prayAsa hai / jaba Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAtroM meM 'pakSa' saMbandhI aneka rUpa anveSya haiM to usake prAraMbhika rUpa meM bhI ve bIja vidyamAna hone cAhie jo prAge jAkara vRkSa bane haiN| hindI ke aneka rUpa to vaise ke vaise hI haiM / ataH yaha prAraMbhika hote hue bhI vicArottejaka hogA aura hindI prabhRti Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAbhoM kA apabhraMza se dravIbhUta rUpa meM sambandha jor3ane meM dizA-nirdezaka bhI, prabhAva kA saMketa bahiratva kA sUcaka hotA hai, na ki apanatva aura prAntarikatA kA / jaha~ candakantimaNi caMdiyau sasi maraNevi pranadiyehe je vaMdiyau / jaha~ surakantimariNa vipriyau, ravi maraNevi jalAI mumanti diya / 137 aittaDau jAma jaMpai vayaNu, gautAma divAyaru pratthavaNu / paDavaNNu rayaNi vitthariu tamu, kauhaMtara kasaNi karaNa khamu 138 chuDu je chuDu je saraho AgamaNe, sacchAya mahAdumajAyavaraNe | 139 1. hAkeTa, e korsa ina mArDana liMgvisTiksa, nyUyArka, 1958, pR. 273 / 2. lyonsa, iMTroDakzana Tu thyaoNrITIkala liMgvisTiksa, 1968 pR. 313 / 3. 4. ramAnAtha sahAya, hindIkAla, vRtti aura pakSa, gaveSaNA, 1978 aMka 31, pR. 20-33 / (a) pAlittaNaraiyA vittharo tassadesI vayahi, padAlipta sUri, yAkobI, sanakumAra carita kI bhUmikA, 1921 pR. 178 4/ ( A ) pAyayabhAsA raiyA bhAhaTThayadesI vayaNaNibaddhA, udyotana sUri, lIlAvaI kI bhUmikA, bhA. vi. bha. pR. 178 / (i) bhAriNIyaM ca piyayabhAe raiyaM marahaTTha desI bhAsAe, koUhala lIlAvaIgAhA, 13/30 1 (I) sakkayapAyaya puliraNAlaMkiyadesI bhAsA ubhayataDujjala / svaMyabhU paumacariu, bhayAraNI, 1953, 1.2.3-4 / ( u ) Na hauM homi viyava khaNu Na murarAmi lakkhaNu chaMda desiNa viyAraNami / puSpadanta, mahApurANu, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina, bhA. di. jaina graMthamAlA baMbaI, 1941 1.8.10 / (U) tato deze deze prati viSayaM loka: pAmara jano yayA yayA girA bhraSTyA / paM. dAmodara, ukti vyakti prakaraNa zloka 37, vivRti / (e) desila vacanA savajana miTThA, vidyApati, kIrtilatA, 1.21-22 DaoN. bhayANI, paumacariu, bhAga-1, bhA. vi. bha., 1953, bhUmikA pR. 68.69.71 / DaoN. bAbUrAma saksenA, sAmAnya bhASA vijJAna, hi. sA. sa. prayAga, 1965, pR. 142 / vendriyeja, anu. balavIra, bhASA itihAsa kI bhASA vaijJAnika bhUmikA, sUcanA vibhAga uttarapradeza, lakhanaU 1966, pR. 120 / DaoN. rAjagopAlana, hindI kA bhASA vaijJAnika vyAkaraNa, kendrIya hindI saMsthAna prAgarA, 1971, q. 74 1

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. DaoN. bholAnAtha tivArI, (saM.) hindI vAkya saMracanA, sAhitya sahakAra dillI, 1986, ravIndra zrIvAstava, 'pakSa eka punarvicAra', pR. 403-406 DaoN. DaoN. esa. tombA siMha, vyAkaraNika koTiyoM kA adhyayana, jJAnabhAratI dillI, 1984, q. 210 1 15. bhartRhari vAkyapadIya, 3.12 / 16. vahI, 3.26 1 14. ja. ma. dImazitsa, hindI vyAkaraNa kI rUparekhA, dillI, 1966, pR. 174 DaoN. bAbUrAma saksenA, sAmAnya bhASA vijJAna, hi. sA. sa., 1965, pR. 145 / yesparsana d philAsaphI av grAmara, landana, 1951 pR. 286 / vendriyeja, anu. balavIra, bhASA itihAsa kI bhASA vaijJAnika bhUmikA, lakhanaU, 1966 pR. 120 1 47 17. durgAcArya, nirUktabhASya, bambaI, 1942, 1.1.1 / 18. bhartRhari, vAkyapadIya, 3.4 / 19. pataMjali, mahAbhASya, bhAga 3, bambaI, 1982, 5.4.19 / 20. vahI, 5.4.17 / 21. vahI, kAzikA, 3.1.22 / 22. lAyansa, semeTiksa, ji. 1, 2, krembrija sI. yU. presa, pR. 682 / 23. DaoN. sUrajabhAna siMha, hindI vAkyAtmaka vyAkaraNa, sAhitya sahakAra, q. 117-120 1 DaoN. ravIndra zrIvAstava, bhASA, hindI bhASA vijJAna aMka, 'kAla aura pakSa', pR. 206 / kaoNmarI, 'espekTa', krembrija yUnIvarsiTI presa, 1976, pR. 3 / 27. 24. 25. 26. jonsana, eyUnIphAyaDa Temporala byaoNrI avTensa eMDa espekTa ina TeDesvI, nyUyArka akAdamI presa, 1981, pR. 152 saM. bholAnAtha tivArI, hindI bhASA kI vAkya saMracanA, sAhitya sahakAra, dillI 1986, hindI meM pakSa-eka vizleSaraNa, le. raghuvaMzamariNa pAThaka, pR. 297 paumacariu, DaoN. bhayANI, siMghI jaina graMthamAlA, bambaI, 22.12.3 / 35. vahI, 40.4.5 36. vahI, 44.2.2 37. vahI, 19.10.9 38. vahI, 23.12.6 28. 29. vahI, 1.12.8 30. vahI, 2.15.1 31. vahI, 4.4.9 32. vahI, 2.5.9 33. vahI, 19.8.10 34. vahI, 6.15.2 39. vahI, 2.13.9 40. vahI, 16.13.5 1985,

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48 apabhraMza bhAratI 41. vahI, 10.10.8 42. vahI, 40.4.5 43. vahI, 2.10.5 44. vahI, 39.11.1 45. vahI, 37.8.4 46. vahI, 28.3.2 47. vahI, 10.2.4 48. vahI, 1.9.1 49. vahI, 10.2.4 50. vahI, 35.9.3 51. vahI, 77.5.10 52. vahIM, 65.9.3 53. riTheNemicariu, 28.6.3-4 54. paumacariu, 36.7.4 54.A riTThaNemicariu, 28.1.4 54.B vahI, 28.1.9 55. paumacariu, 3.7.4 56. vahI, 31.15.3 57. vahI, 53.3.10 58. vahI, 20.8.2 59. vahI, 31.16.2 60. vahI, 43.6.11 61. vahI, 66.5.2-3 62. vahI, 89.11.5 63. vahI, 16.9.3 64. vahI, 64.11.6 65. vahI, 17.8.9 66. vahI, 64.15.1 67. vahI, 75.5 10 68. riTThaNemicariu 28.8.3 69. paumacariu 90.1.9 70. vahI, 23.1.9 71. vahI, 19.9.10 72. vahI, 38.15.1 73. vahI, 44.2.2 74. vahI, 55.4.3 75. vahI, 18.1.8 76. vahI, 38.16.8 77. vahI, 61.4.1 78. riTThaNemicariu. 7.6 79. paumacariu, 79.10.9 80. vahI, 17.2.9 81. vahI, 9.10.8 82. riTThaNemicariu, 8.9 83. paumacariu, 52.9.2 84. vahI, 86.8.2 85. vahI, 20.11.8 . 86. vahI, 1.16.7 87. vahI, 1.14.9 88. vahI, 1.16.4 89. vahI, 48.13.1 90. vahI, 59.3.8 91. bahI, 9.11.2 92. vahI, 81.12.3 93. vahI, 64.3.8 94. vahI, 22.5.5 95. vahI, 38.5.8 96. vahI, 34.9.7 97. vahI, 47.2.4 98. vahI, 8.5.11 99. vahI, 65.9.2-3 100. vahI, 69.12.4 101. vahI, 45.7.9 102. vahI, 71.13.6 103. vahI, 63.10.5 104. riTThaNemicariu, 28.16.5 105. paumacariu, 69.6.11 106. vahI, 16.7.3 . 107. vahI, 16.3.10 108. vahI, 33.12.5 109. riTThaNe micariu, 28.1.5 110. paumacariu,57.10.6-8

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 49 - 107 111. vahI, 86.16.2-4 112. vahI, 19.3.2 113. vahI, 33.7.9 114. vahI, 18.5.9 115. vahI, 1.13.9 116. vahI, 1.8.5 117. vahI, 75.6.10 118. vahI, 20.4.7 119. vahI, 23.12.6 120. vahI, 76.14.9 121. DaoN. rAjagopAlana, hindI bhASA vaijJAnika byAkaraNa, kendrIya hindI saMsthAna prAgarA, ___1971, gaveSaNA, 18, pR. 75 / 122. DaoN. ravIndra zrIvAstava, kAla aura pakSa, bhASA vijJAna aMka, 1973, pa. 203 / 123. paumacariu, 16.3.2 124. vahI. 17.4.10 125. vahI, 73.11.7-8 126. vahI, 3.10.8 127. vahI, 36.13.1 128. vahI, 71.12.10 129. vahI, 19.4.7 130. vahI, 74.15.6 131. vahI, 77.15.9 132. vahI, 77.8.8 133. vahI, 23.2.9 134. vahI, 57.1.9 135. pAThaka raghuvaMzamaNi, hindI kI vyAkaraNika dhArAeM, zodha prabandha, saMpUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vaaraannsii| 136. DaoN. rAjagopAlana, gaveSaNA 18, pa.75 137. paumacariu, 6.7.4.5 138. riTaThaNemicariu, 28.9.3-4 139. paumacariu, 32.2.2

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'eu Na jANaho ekku para' ..........."cavai rahuNandaNu, 'nANami sIyahe taraNau saittaNa / jANami jiha hari-vaMsuppaNNI, jANami jiha vy-grnn-sNpnnnnii| jANami jiha jiNa-sAsaraNe bhattI, jAraNami jiha mahu sokkhuppttii| jA aNu-guNa-sikkhA-vayadhArI, jA sammatta-rayaNa-maNisArI / jANami jiha sAyara-gambhIrI, jANami jiha sur-mhihr-dhiirii| jANami aMkusa-lavaNa-jaNerI, jANami jiha suya jaNayaho kerii| jANami sasa bhAmaNDala-rAyaho, jAraNami sAmiNi rajjaho paayhiiN| jANami jiha anteura-sArI, jANami jiha mahu pesrnn-gaarii| ghattA-melleppiNu raNAyara-loeNNa, maha ghare ubhA kareM vi kr| jo dujjasu uppareM cittau, eu Na jANaho ekku pr|' - raghunandana (rAma) kahate haiM- [ maiM ] sItA kA satItva jAnatA huuN| vaha harivaMza jaise [vaMza] meM utpanna huI [yaha] jAnatA huuN| [vaha ] vratoM aura guNoM se jisa prakAra saMpanna hai, jAnatA huuN| [vaha] jisa prakAra jina-zAsana meM AsthA rakhatI hai, jAnatA hU~, mujhe jisa prakAra sukha detI rahI hai, jAnatA huuN| jo aNuvrata, guNavrata, zikSAvratadhArI hai, jo samyagdarzana Adi ratna-maNiyoM se yukta hai| [vaha] sAgara jaisI gaMbhIra hai, jAnatA hU~, sumeru parvata jaisI dhIra hai [yaha] jAnatA hU~ / [vaha] lavaNa aura aMkuza kI jananI hai [yaha bhI] jAnatA hU~, rAjA janaka kI putrI hai [yaha bhI] jAnatA huuN| vaha rAjA bhAmaNDala kI bahana hai, jAnatA hU~, yaha bhI jAnatA hUM ki vaha isa isa rAjya kI svAminI hai / jAnatA hU~ ki vaha antaHpura meM zreSTha hai, vaha jisa prakAra merI sevA karanevAlI hai (maiM yaha bhI) jAnatA huuN| kiMtU nAgara-janoM ne milakara mere ghara para hAtha U~ce kara (kara) ke yaha kalaMka kyoM lagAyA ? maiM yaha nahIM jaantaa| paumanarija 83.3

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paumacariu kA eka prasaMga vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa -DaoN. kamalacanda sogAraNI 'paumacariu' mahAkavi svayaMbhU kI amara kRti hai / apabhraMza bhASA meM nibaddha yaha eka uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya hai| isI grantha meM se hamane eka prasaMga kA cunAva karake usakI bhASA kA vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA hai / isase apabhraMza bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ko prayogAtmaka rUpa se samajhane meM sahAyatA milegii| vyAkaraNa ko prastuta karane meM jina saMketoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai ve nIce de die gae haiN| yahA~ usa prasaMga kA anuvAda bhI kiyA gayA hai / yaha kahanA aprAsaMgika nahIM hogA ki bhASA kA vyAkaraNa aura anuvAda eka dUsare se ghaniSTharUpa se saMbaMdhita hote haiN| 27.14.9 vari pahariu vari kiu tavacaraNu vari visu hAlAhalu vari maraNa / vari acchiu gampiNu guhila-vaNe gavi Nivisu vi Nivasiu avuhayaNe // vari (pra) =adhika acchA pahariu (pahara (bhUkR)-+paharipra) bhUkR 1/1. kiu (ki-kina) bhUkR 1/1 tavacaraNa [(tava)-(caraNa) 1/1] visu (visa) 1/1 hAlAhalu

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52 apabhraMza bhAratI (hAlAhalu) 1/1 maraNu (maraNa) 1/1 acchiu (accha-acchiA ) bhUkR 1/1 gampiNu! (gama+epiNu gamepiNu (e kA lopa)-gampiNu) saMkR guhila-vaNe [ (guhila) vi-(vaNa) 7/1] gavi (a)=nahIM riNavisu-Nimisa (a) pala bhara vi (a)=kintu riNavasiu (Nivasa-+Nivasima) bhUkR 1/1 pravahayaNe [ (avuha=prabuha) vi (yaNa) 7/1], (9) 1. gam meM saMbaMdhaka kRdantaprarthaka pratyaya 'eppiNu' aura 'epi' ko lagAne para Adisvara 'ekAra' kA vikalpa se lopa ho jAtA hai| yahA~ bananA cAhie 'gamppiNu' para yahA~ 'gampiNu' prayoga pAyA jAtA hai, (he. prA. vyA. 4-442) / (vyaktiyoM ke dvArA) (yadi) prahAra kiyA gayA hai, (to) adhika acchA (hai), (yadi) tapa kA AcaraNa kiyA gayA (hai), (to) (bhI) adhika acchA (hai), (yadi) hAlAhala viSa (piyA gayA hai), (to) (bhI) adhika acchA (hai), maranA (bhI) adhika acchA (hai), gahare vana meM jAkara Tike hue (honA) (bhI) adhika acchA (hai), kintu pala bhara (bhI) mUrkha jana meM Thahare hue (rahanA) (acchA ) nahIM (hai)| 27.15 to tiSNi vi ema cavantAI / ummAhau jaNahoM jaNantAi~ // 1 // diNa-pacchima-pahareM viriNaggayAI / kuJjara iva viula-varaNaho gayAi~ // 2 // vitthiNNu raNNu paisanti jAva / raNaggohu mahAdumu diThTha tAva // 3 // guru-vesu kareM vi sundara-sarAI / NaM vihaya paDhAvai prkkhraai||4|| vukkaraNa-kisalaya ka-kkA ravanti / vAuli-vihaGga ki-kkI bhaNanti // 5 // varaNa-kukkuDa ku-kkU prAyaranti / aNNu vi kalAvi ke-kkai cavanti // 6 // piyamAhaviyau ko-kkau lavanti / kaM-kA vappIha samullavanti // 7 // so taruvara guru-gaNahara-samANu / phala-patta-vantu akkhara-NihANu // 8 // ghattA-paisantehi asura-vimaddaNehi siru NAma vi rAma-jaNadaNe hi / paripaJcevi dumu dasaraha-suaiMha ahiNandiu muNi va saiMbhueNhi // 1 // to (a)=taba tiSNi (ti) 1/2 vi vi (ma)=hI ema (a)=isa prakAra se cavantAI (cava+cavanta) vakR 1/2 ummAhau (ummAhapra) 2/1 'a' svArthika jnnho| (jaNa) 6/1 jaNantAI (jaNa+jaNanta) vakR 1/2, 1. kabhI-kabhI saptamI vibhakti ke sthAna para paSThI vibhakti kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai (hema prAkRta vyAkaraNa 3-134) / viNa-pacchima-pahare [(diNa) - (pacchima) vi-(pahara) 7/1] viNiggayAI= viNiggayAiM (viNiggaya) bhUkR 1/2 ani kuJjara (kuJjara) 1/1 iva (a)=kI taraha viula-vaNaho [(viula) vi-(vaNa) 6/1] gayAI=gayAiM (gaya) bhUkR 1/2 ani, (2)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 53 (5) ___1. mAtrA ko hrasva karane ke lie yahAM / ' lagAyA gayA hai| (he. prA. vyA. 4-410) 2. kabhI kabhI dvitIyA vibhakti ke sthAna para SaSThI vibhakti kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai / (he. prA. vyA. 3-134) / vitthiNNu (vitthiNNa) bhUka 2/1 ani raNNa' (raNNa) 2/1 paisanti (paisa+paisanta (strI)+paisanti) vakR1/2 jAva (a) = jyoMhi jaggohu (Naggoha) 1/1 mahAdumu [ (mahA)(duma) 1/1] viTTha (diTTha) bhUkR 1/1 ani tAva (a)=tyoMhi, (3) 1'gamana' athaM meM dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga hotA hai / guru-vesu [ (guru)-(vesa) 2/1] kareM vi (kara+evi) saMkR sundara-sarAI [ (sundara)(sara) 2/2] NaM (a)=mAno vihaya (vihaya) 2/2 paDhAvai (paDha+prAva) va pre. 3/1 saka prakkharAi (prakkhara) 2/2, (4) vukkaNa-kisalaya [(vukkaNa=bukkaNa)- (kisalaya) 2/2] kaskA (kakkA) 2/2 ravanti (rava) va 3/2 saka vAuli-vihaGga [(vAuli=bAuli)-(vihaGga) 1/2] ki-kkI (ki-kkI) 2/2 bhaNanti (bhaNa) va 3/2 saka, kabhI kabhI saptamI vibhakti ke sthAna para dvitIyA vibhakti kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai| (hema. prA. vyA. 3-137) / vaNa-kukkuTa | (vaNa)- (kukkuDa) 1/2] ku-kkU (ku-kkU) 2/2 pAyaranti (pAyara) va 3/2 saka aNNu (aNNa) 1/1 vi vi (a)=tathA kalAvi (kalAvi) 1/2 ke-kkai (ke-kkaI) 2/2 cavanti (cava) va 3/2 saka, piyamAhaviya [piya)-(mAhaviyA) 1/2] u (a)=pAda-pUrti ko-kkau [kokU) 2/2 lavanti (lava) va 3/2 saka kaM-kA (kaM-kA)2/2 vappIha (vappIha=bappIha)1/2 samullavanti (samullava) va 3/2 saka, so (ta) 1/1 savi taruvaru [(taru)-(vara) 1/1 vi] guru-gaNahara-samANu [(guru)(gaNahara)-(samANa) 1/1 vi] phala-patta-vantu [(phala)-(patta)-(vanta) 1/1 vi] akkharaNihANu [(akkhara)-(gihANa) 1/1], (8) paisantehiM (paisa-paisanta) 3/2 asura-vimaddaNehi [(asura)-(vimaddaNa) 3/2] siru (sira) 2/1 NAmevi (NAma+evi) saMkR rAma-jaNaddaNehi [(rAma) vi-(jaNadaNa) 3/2] paripaJcevi (pariaJca+ evi) saMkR dumu (duma) 1/1 basaraha-suehi [(dasaraha)(supra) 3/2] pahiNandiu (ahiNanda-+ahiNandina) bhUkR muNi (muNi) 1/1 va (a)= kI taraha saIbhaehiM (saiMbhuna) 3/2, (9) taba tInoM hI (rAma, lakSmaNa va sItA) (usa) manuSya meM atipIr3A ko utpanna karate hue (aura) isa (uparyukta) prakAra se kahate hue (1) dina ke antima prahara meM bAhara nikala (6) (7)

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apabhraMza - bhAratI hue gae (aura) hAthI kI taraha ghane vana meM cale gaye ( 2 ) / jyoMhI vizAla vana meM praveza karate (ve ) ( zrAge bar3he ), tyoMhI ( unake dvArA ) baragada kA mahAvRkSa dekhA gayA ( 3 ) / ( vaha vRkSa aisA thA) mAno zikSaka ke rUpa ko dhAraNa karake sundara svara va akSara pakSiyoM ko par3hAtA ho ( 4 ) / kaue naye komala pattoM (vAlI TahanI) para (baiThe hue) ka - kkA, kakkA bolate the (aura) bAuli pakSI ki kkI, kikkI, kahate the ( 5 ) / jalamurge kukkU, kukkU kahate the, aura bhI mora (tathA) ke-kkaI, ke-kkaI bolate the ( 6 ) / koyale ko - kkaU, ko-kkaU bolatI thIM (tathA) papIhA kaMkA, kaMkA bolate the ( 7 ) / isa taraha se ) vaha zreSTha vRkSa phala-pattoM vAlA thA (aura) guru gaNadhara ke samAna akSaroM kA bhaNDAra thA ( 8 ) / ( 54 asuroM kA nAza karanevAle dazaratha ke putra, rAma-lakSmaNa dvArA vana meM praveza karate hI ( baragada kA ) vRkSa muni kI taraha namana kiyA gayA aura ( usakI ) parikramA karake (unake dvArA ) svayaM apanI bhujAoM se ( usakA ) abhinandana kiyA gayA / sIya sa-lakkhaNu dAsarahi pasarai su-kaihe kavvu jiha 28.1 taruvara-mUleM pariTThiya jAve hiM / meha-jAlu gayaNaGgaNeM tAbeM hiM // sIya (sIyA ) 1 / 1 sa - lakkhaNu ( sa - lakkhaNa ) 1 / 1 vi dAsa rahi ( dAsa rahi ) 1 / 1 taruvara - mUle [ (taru) - (vara) vi- (mUla) 7 / 1 ] pariTThiya (pariTThiya) bhUkR 1 / 1 ani jAvehi= jAhi (pra) = jyoMhI pasarai 1 ( pasara) va 3 / 1 aka su-kaihe 2 ( su-kai ) 6 / 1 kavvu ( kavva ) 1 / 1 jiha ( a ) = kI bhA~ti meha-jAlu [ ( meha) - ( jAla ) 1 / 1 ] gayaNaGgaNe [ ( gayaNa) +(aGgaNe ) ] [ ( gayaNa ) - ( aGgaNa ) 7 / 1] tAvehiM tAvahiM ( a ) = tyoMhI / 1. vartamAna kAla kA prayoga kabhI kabhI atIta kAla ke lie hotA hai / 2. apabhraMza bhASA kA adhyayana, pRSTha 156 / jyoMhI dazaratha - putra (rAma) aura sItA lakSmaNa ke sAtha ( usa ) zreSTha vRkSa ke nIce ke bhAga meM Tike tyoMhI sukavi ke kAvya kI bhA~ti bAdaloM ke saghana samUha prakAza ke prAMgana meM cAroM ora phaila gae / / pasarai meha-vindu gayaNaGgaNe / pasarai jema seNNu samaraGgaNeM // 1 // pasarai jema timiru aNNA ho pasarai jema buddhi bahu - jAgahoM // 2 // pasarai jema pAu pAviTThahoM / pasarai jema dhammu SammiTTahoM // / 3 11 pasarai jema jonha mayavAhahoM / pasarai jema kitti jagaragAhahoM // 4 // pasarai jema cinta dhaNa hoNaho / pasarai jema kitti sukulINahoM // 5 // pasarai jema sadu sura-tUrahoM / pasarai jema rAsi he sUrahoM // 6 // pasarai jema davaggi varaNantare / pasarai meha-jAlu tiha ambare // 7 // afsasuss uss ghaNu gajjaDa / jAragai rAmaho saraNa pavajjai // 8 //

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55 apabhraMza-bhAratI ghattA-amara-mahASaNa-gahiya-karu meha-gainde ca. vi jasa-luddhau / uppari gimbha-raNarAhivahA~ pAusa-rAu NAI saNNaddhau // 9 // (5) pasarai (pasara) va 3/1 aka meha-vindu [(meha)-(vindu) 6/2] gayaNagaNe [(gayaNa) + (aGgaNe)] [gayaNa)-(aGgaNa) 7/1] jema (a)=jisa prakAra seNNa (seNNa) 1/1 samaraGgaNe [ (samara)+ (aGgaNe) ] [ (samara)-(aGgaNa).7/1], __ (1) timiru (timira) 1/1 aNNANaho (aNNANa) 6/1 vuddhi (buddhi) 1/1 vahujANaho (vahu-jANa) 6/1 vi, (2) ___pAu (pAna) 1/1 pAviTThaho (pAvi+ i81- pAviTTha) 6/1 vi dhammu (dhamma) 1/1 dhammiTThaho (dhamma+iTTha-dhammiTTha) 6/1 vi, (3) 1. iTTha = iSTa (tulanAtmaka vizeSaNa ke lie lagAyA jAtA hai) abhinava prAkRta vyAkaraNa, pRSTha 261 / joNha (joNhA) 1/1 mayavAhaho [ (maya)-(vAha) 6/1 vi] kitti (kitti) 1/1 jagaNAhaho [ (jaga)-(NAha) 6/1], (4) cinta (cintA) 1/1 dhaNa-hINaho [(dhaNa)-(hINa) 6/1] kitti (kitti) 1/1 sukuloNaho (su-kulINa) 6/1, sad (sadda) 1/1 sura-tUraho [(sura)-(tUra) 6/1] rAsi (rAsi) 1/2 pahe (raNaha) 7/1 sUraho (sUra) 6/1, davaggi (davaggi) 1/1 vaNantare [ (vaNa) + (antare)] [ (vaNa)-(antara) 7/1] meha-jAlu [ (meha)-(jAla) 1/1] tiha (a)= usI prakAra amvare (ambara) 7/1, (7) taDi (taDi) 1/1 taDayaDai (taDayaDa) va 3/1 aka paDai (paDa) va 3/1 aka ghaNu (ghaNa) 1/1 gajjai (gajja) va 3/1 aka jANai' (jANaI) 6/1 rAmaho (rAma) 6/1 saraNu' (saraNa) 2/1 pavajjai (pavajja) va 3/1 saka, (8) 1. jANaI=jAnakI, 2. 'gamana' artha meM dvitIyA kA prayoga hotA hai| amara-mahAdhaNu-gahiya-karu [(amara)-(mahA) vi-(dhaNu)-(gahiya) bhUka(kara) 1/1] meha-gainde [(meha)-(gainda) 7/1] caDevi (caDa+evi) saMkR jasa-laddhau [(jasa)-(laddha) bhUka 1/1 ani 'a' svArthika] uppari (a)=Upara gimbha-garAhivaho [(gimbha)-(raNarAhiva) 6/1] pAusa-rAu [(pAusa)-(rAya) 1/1] NAI=NAI (a)=mAno saNNaddhau (saNNaddha) bhUkR 1/1 ani 'a' svAthika, (9) jisa prakAra yuddha ke kSetra meM senA phailatI hai (aura) AkAza ke kSetra meM jala-kaNoM kA samUha phailatA hai (1); jisa prakAra prajJAna (rUpI a~dherI rAta) kA andhakAra phailatA hai, jisa prakAra bahuta prakAra ke jJAna rakhanevAle kI buddhi phailatI hai (majabUta hotI hai) (2); (6)

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56 apabhraMza bhAratI jisa prakAra atyanta pApI kA pApa phailatA hai, jisa prakAra atyanta dhArmika kA dharma phailatA hai| ( 3 ) ; jisa prakAra mRga ko dhAraNa karanevAle ( candramA) kA prakAza phailatA hai, jisa prakAra jinadeva kI mahimA phailatI hai ( 4 ) ; jisa prakAra dhana se rahita (vyakti) kI cintA ubharatI hai, jisa prakAra atyadhika zAlIna kA yaza phailatA hai ( 5 ); jisa prakAra devoM kI turahI kA zabda phailatA hai, jisa prakAra sUrya kI kiraNeM AkAza meM phailatI haiM ( 6 ) ; jisa prakAra dAvAgni ( jaMgala kI Aga ) jaMgala ke madhya meM phailatI hai, usI prakAra bAdaloM kA samUha prakAza meM phailA hai ( 7 ) ; bAdala (samUha) garajA (aura) bijalI ne tar3a-tar3a kiyA (aura) ( pRthvI para ) par3I, mAno ( vaha ) jAnakI (aura) rAma kI zaraNa meM gaI ho ( 8 ) / ( sArA dRzya aisA pratIta ho rahA thA ) mAno pAvasa ( varSA Rtu kA ) rAjA jo yaza kA icchuka ( hai ), ( jisakA ) hAtha indradhanuSa ko pakar3e hue ( hai ), ( baha) megharUpI hAthI para car3ha kara grISma- rAjA ke Upara ( AkramaNa ke lie ) taiyAra ( ho ) ( 9 ) / (2) jaM pAusa garindu galagajjiu / dhUlo ra gimmeraNa visajjiu // 1 // gampiNu meha-vinde zrAlaggau / taDi karavAla - pahArehi~ bhaggau // 2 // jaM vivarammuha caliu visAlau / uTThiu 'haNu' bhaNantu uNhAlau // 3 // dhaga dhaga dhaga dhagantu udghAiu / hasa hasa hasa hasantu saMpAi // 4 // jala jala jala jala jala pacalantau / jAlAvali-phuliGga mellantau // 5 // dhUmAvali dhaya daNDuThabheppiNu / vara- vAulli-khaggu kaTTheppiNu // 6 // jhaDa jhaDa jhaDa jhaDantu paharantau / taruvara - riu bhaDa thaDa bhajjantau / / 7 / meha - mahAgaya- ghaDa vihaDantau / jaM uNhAluu biTTu bhiDantau // 8 // ghattA * dhaNu praphAliu pAusera taDi-TaGkAra-phAra darisantaM 1 coeNvi jalahara-hatthi haDa gora-sarAsaNi mukka- turante // 9 // jaM ( a ) = jaba pAusa - Narindu [ ( pAusa ) - ( garinda) 1 / 1 ] galagajjiu [ galagajjagala + gajjina ) bhUkR 1 / 1] dhUlI- rau [ ( dhUlI ) - ( raya-ra ) 1 1 / 1] gimbheraNa (gimbha ) 3 / 1 visajjiu (visajjina ) bhUkR 1 / 1 ani, (1) 1. raya = vega gampa 1 ( gama + epiNu = gamepiNu ( ekA lopa) (vinda ) 2 7 / 1 ] prAlaggaDa ( alagga alaggana ) [ ( taDi ) - ( karavAla ) - ( pahAra ) 3/2] bhaggau ( bhagga ) 1. dekheM 27-14-9. - gampiNu) saMkR meha-vinve [ ( meha) - bhUkR 1 / 1 taDi-karavAla - pahAre hi~ bhUkR 1 / 1 ani 'a' svArthika, (2) 2. kabhI kabhI dvitIyA vibhakti ke sthAna para saptamI vibhakti kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai | ( hema prAkRta vyA. 3-137 ) / 'gamana' artha meM dvitIyA hotI hai / jaM ( a ) = jaba vivarammuhu ( vivarammuha ) 2 / 1 vi caliu ( cala + calina) bhUkR 1 / 1 visAla ( visAla a ) 1 / 1 vi 'a' svArthika uTThiu ( uTThi) bhUkR 1 / 1

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apabhraMza-bhAratI ani haNu (haraNa ) vidhi va 2 / 1 saka bhaNantu ( bhaNabhaNanta ) vakR 1 / 1 uNhAlau ( unha + prAla uNhAla + uNhAla ) 1 / 1 vi 'a' svArthika, (3) 57 dhaga dhaga dhaga dhagantu ( dhaga dhaga dhaga dhaga ) vakR 1 / 1 udghAiu ( uddhAi ) bhUkR 1 / 1 ani hasa hasa hasa hasantu ( hasa hasa hasa hasa ) vakR 1 / 1 saMpAiu ( saMpAila ) bhUkR 1/1 ani, (4) jala jala jala jala jala ( jala jala jala jala jala ) va 3/1 aka pacalantau ( pa cala + pacalanta - pacalanta ) vakR 1 / 1 'a' svAdhika jAlAvali - phuliGga [ ( jAlA ) + (Avali) + (phuliGga)] [ ( jAlA ) - ( prAvali ) - ( phuliGga) 2/2] mellanta mellanta + mellantana) vakR 1 / 1 'a' svArthika, (mella (5) dhUmAvali dhayadaNDubheppiNu [ ( dhUma) + ( prAvali) + ( dhaya) + (daNDa) + ( ubbheSpiNu ) ] [ ( dhUma ) - ( prAvali ) - ( dhaya ) - ( daNDa ) + ( ubbha + eppiNu) saMkR] varavAuli-khaggu [(vara) vi - (vAulli ) - (khagga) 2 / 1 ] kaDDheSpiNu (kaDDha + eppiNu) saMkR, (6) jhaDajhaDa jhaDa jhaDantu ( jhaDa jhaDa jhaDa jhaDa ) vakR 1 / 1 paharantau ( pahara paharantana ) vakR 1 / 1 'a' svArthika. taruvara - riu - bhaDa - thaDa [ (taru) - ( vara ) vi (bhaDa ) - ( thaDa) 2 / 1 ] bhajjantau ( bhajja - bhajjanta e bhajjanta ) vakR 1 / 1 'a' paharanta ( riu ) - svArthika, (7) - mahAga - ghaDa [ ( meha) - (mahA) vi - ( gaya ) - ( ghaDa ) 2 / 1 ] vihaDanta vihaDanta vihaDanta) vakR 1 / 1 vi 'a' svArthika jaM ( a ) = ( vihaDa | = jaba uNhAlau ( uNhAlA ) 1 / 1 vi 'a' svArthika diTTha (diTTha) bhUkR 1 / 1 ani bhiDanta ( bhiDa bhiDanta bhiDanta) va 1 / 1 'a' svArthika, (8) (a) 1 / 1 apphAliu ( praSphala ( pre.) prapphAla (bhUkR ) + apphAlina ) bhUkR 1/1 pAuseNa ( pAusa) 3 / 1 taDi - TaGkAra - phAra [ ( taDi ) - ( TaGkAra ) - ( phAra ) 2 / 1] darisante ( darisa risanta) va 3 / 1 coevi ( copra + evi ) saMkR jalahara - hatthi [ (jalahara ) - (hatthi ) 2/2] haDa (haDa) 2/2 vi gIra - sarAsariNa [ ( NIra) - ( sarAsaraNa (strI) - sarAsaNI) 1/2 ] mukka (mukka) bhUkR 1 / 2 ani turante ( a ) - turanta, = (9) jaba pAvasa ( varSA Rtu kA ) rAjA garajA, (to) grISma dvArA dhUla - vega ( A~dhI) bhejI gaI ( 1 ) | ( vaha ) ( dhula ) megha - samUha se jAkara cipaka gaI, (phira) bijalI rUpI talavAra ke prahAroM se (vaha) (dhUla) chinna-bhinna kara dI gaI ( 2 ) / ( isake pariNAmasvarUpa ) jaba (dhUla) vimukha calI (to) bhayaMkara uSNa ( Rtu) (pAvasa rAjA ko ) 'mAro' kahatI huI uThI ( 3 ) | (aura) khuba jalatI huI U~cI daur3I (tathA) uttejita hotI huI ( pAvasa - rAjA kI ora pravRtta huI ( 4 ) aura ( usa prora) kUca karatI huI tejI se jalI, (taba ) ( uSNa) lapaTa kI zrRMkhalA se cinagAriyoM ko chor3ate hue ( Age calI ) (5) / ( auaura) jaba uSNa ( Rtu ) dhUma kI zrRMkhalA ke dhvajadaNDoM ko U~cA karake, tUphAnarUpI zreSTha talavAra ko khIMcakara ( 6 ), jhapaTa mArate hue aura prahAra karate hue, zreSTha vRkSoM rUpI zatru yoddhA - samUha ko

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58 apabhraMza-bhAratI naSTa karate hue (7), megharUpI mahA hAthiyoM kI TolI ko khaNDita karate hue (pAvasa rAjA se) bhir3atI huI dikhAI dI (8) / / bijalI kI TaMkAra aura camaka dikhAte hue pAvasa ke dvArA dhanuSa tAnA gayA aura bAdalarUpI hAthIghaTA ko prerita karake (usake dvArA) jalarUpI tIra turanta chor3a die ge| jala-vANAsaNi-ghAyahiM ghAiu / gimbha-narAhiu raNe viNivAiu // 1 // daddura raDevi lagga NaM sajjaraNa / NaM gaccanti mora khala dujjaNa // 2 // NaM pUranti sariu akkandaM / kai kilakilanti prANandeM // 3 // NaM parahuya vimukka ugghoseN| NaM varahiNa lavanti pariproseM // 4 // NaM saravara bahu-aMsu-jalolliya / NaM girivara hariseM gajolliya // 5 // NaM uNhavina davaggi vinoeM / NaM pacciya mahi viviha-viNoeM // 6 // raNaM prathamiu divAyara dukkheM / raNaM paisarai rayariNa sai~ sukkheM // 7 // ratta-patta taru pavaNAkampiya / 'keNa vi vahiu gimbhu' NaM jampiya // 8 // ghattA-tehae~ kAle bhayAurae~ veNNi' mi vAsueva-valaeva / ___ taruvara-mUle sa-sIya thiya jogu laeviNu muNivara jema // 9 // jala vANAsaNi ghAhiM [(jala) (vANAsaNa (strI)--vAgAsaNI-vANAsaNi1)(ghAya) 3/2] ghAiu (ghAya=ghAa-ghAipa) bhUkR 1/1 gimbha-narAhiu [(gimbha)(narAhina) 1/1] raNe (raNa) 7/1 viriNavAiu (viNivAia) bhUkR 1/1 ani, (1) __1. samAsa meM rahe hue svara paraspara meM hrasva ke sthAna para dIrgha aura dIrgha ke sthAna para hrasva aksara ho jAyA karate haiM / (hema prA. vyA. 1-4) / vadura (dadura) 1/2 raDe (raDa) 7/1 vi (a)=isalie lagga (lagga) bhUkR 1/2 ani eM (a) =kI taraha sajjaNa (sajjaNa) 1/2 Naccanti (Nacca) va 3/2 aka mora (mora) 1/2 khala (khala) 1/2 vi dujjaNa (dujjaNa) 1/2 vi, (2) NaM (a) =mAno pUranti (pUra) va 3/2 saka sariu (sari) 1/2 prAkkanda (prAkkanda) 3/1 kai (kai) 1/2 kilakilanti (kilakila) va 3/2 aka prANanheM (prANanda) 3/1, (3) raNaM (a)=mAno parahuya (parahuya) 1/2 vimukka (vimukka) bhUkR 1/2 ani ugghoseN| (ugghosa) 3/1 varahiNa (varaNiha) 1/2 lavanti (lava) va 3/2 saka pariprose (parimosa) 3/1, __1. kabhI kabhI saptamI vibhakti ke sthAna para tRtIyA vibhakti kA prayoga pAyA jAtA hai (he. prA. vyA. 3-137) / __NaM (ma)=mAno saravara [(sara)-(vara) 1/2 vi] vahu-aMsu-jalolliya [(vahu) vi-(aMsu)-(jala)-(ulliya) 1/2 vi] girivara [(giri)-(vara) 1/2 vi] hariseM (harisa) 3/1 gajolliya (gajolliya) 1/2 vi, (5)

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 59 NaM (a) vAkyAlaMkAra uNha (uNha) 6/1 vi vipra (a)=mAno davaggi (davaggi) 6/1 viproeM (viprogra) 3/1 raNaM (a)=vAkyAlaMkAra raNacciya (Nacca) bhUka 1/1 mahi (mahi) 1/1 viviha-viragoeM [(viviha) vi-(viNoma) 3/1] ___Na (a)=mAno atthamiu (atthamima) 1/1 vi divAyaru (divAyara) 1/1 dukkheM (dukkha) 3/1 raNaM (a)=mAno paisarai (paisara) va 3/1aka rayaNi (rayaNi) 1/1 sai~=saI (a)=svayaM sukkheM (sukkha) 3/1 ratta-patta [(ratta) bhUkRprani-(patta)1/2] taru (saru)6/1 pavaraNAkampiya [(pavaNa)+ (Akampiya)] [(pavaNa)-(prAkampiya) bhUkR 1/1] keNa (ka) 3/1sa vi (a)=pAdapUraka vahiu (vaha-+vahipra)- bhUkR 1/1 gimbhu (gimbha) 1/1 NaM (ma)=mAno jampiya (jampa-jampiya) bhUkR 1/1 tehae (tehapra)7/1vi 'a' svArthika kAle (kAla)7/1 bhayAurae [(bhaya)+ (prAurae)] [(bhaya)-(prAuraa)7/1 vi 'a' svArthika] veNNi (ve)1/2vi mi (a)=hI vAsaeva-valaeva [(vAsueva)-(valaeva) 1/2] taruvara-mUle [(taru)-(vara) vi-(mUla)7/1] sa-sIya [ (sa) vi-(sIyA)1/1] thiya (thiya) bhUkR 1/2 joga (joga)2/1 laeviNu (la+ eviNu) saMkR muNivara [ (muNi)-(vara) 1/1vi] jema (a)=kI bhAMti ___ jalarUpI tIroM ke prahAroM se coTa pahuMcAyA huA grISma rAjA yuddha meM (mAra kara) nIce girA diyA gayA (1) / isalie meMDhaka sajjanoM kI taraha rone lage aura zarAratI mora duSToM kI taraha nAce (2) / (aisA pratIta ho rahA thA) mAno rone ke kAraNa nadiyoM ne apane ko) (A~sU rUpI jala se) bharA ho (aura) mAno (varSA se prApta) aAnanda ke kAraNa kavi prasanna hue hoN(3)| mAno koyaleM U~cI AvAja meM (bolane ke lie) svatantra kI gaI (hoM) (aura) mAno mora saMtoSa ke kAraNa bole hoM(4) / mAno bar3e tAlAba vipula A~sUrUpI jala se bhare hue (hoM aura) mAno bar3e parvata harSa ke kAraNa pulakita (hoM) (5) / mAno dAvAgni ke viyoga se dharatI vividha vinoda ke kAraNa nAcI (ho) (6) / mAno duHkha ke kAraNa sUrya asta huA ho (aura) mAno sukha ke kAraNa rAta svayaM vyApta ho gaI ho(7)| vRkSa ke patte suhAvane hue (aura) pavana se hile-Dule, mAno (unake dvArA) (yaha) bolA gayA (hai) (ki) grISma kisake dvArA naSTa kiyA gayA (hai)(8) ? ___ usa jaise samaya meM donoM hI bhayAtura rAma aura lakSmaNa sItA ke sahita (usa) bar3e vRkSa ke mUla bhAga meM yoga grahaNa karake mahAmuni kI bhA~ti baiTha gaye (9) / saMketa sUcI (ma) -avyaya (isakA artha= ___ lagAkara likhA gayA hai) -akarmaka kriyA -aniyamita praka ani prAjJA karma -karmavAcya (krivina) -kriyA vizeSaNa avyaya (isakA artha lagAkara likhA gayA hai) -tulanAtmaka vizeSaNa -prAjJA tuvi

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apabhraMza bhAratI bhaka saMkR -pulliga -preraNArthaka kriyA -bhaviSya kRdanta bhavi -bhaviSyatkAla bhAva -bhAvavAcya -bhUtakAla -bhUtakAlika kRdanta -vartamAnakAla vakR -vartamAna kRdanta vi -vizeSaNa vidhi -vidhi vidhikR -vidhi kRdanta -sarvanAma -sambandhaka kRdanta saka -sakarmaka kriyA savi -sarvanAma vizeSaNa -strIliMga -hetvartha kRdanta ( ) -isa prakAra ke koSThaka meM mUla zabda rakkhA gayA hai| [( )+( )+( )....] isa prakAra ke koSThaka ke andara+cinha kinhIM zabdoM meM saMdhi kA dyotaka hai| yahAM andara ke koSThakoM meM gAthA ke zabda hI rakha die gae haiN| [( )-( )-( )....] isa prakAra ke koSThaka ke andara '-' cinha samAsa kA dyotaka hai| * jahAM koSThaka ke bAhara kevala saMkhyA (jaise 1/1, 2/1.."prAdi) hI likhI hai vahAM usa koSThaka ke andara kA zabda 'saMjJA' hai| strI * jahAM karmavAcya, kRdanta Adi apabhraMza ke niyamAnusAra nahIM bane haiM vahAM koSThaka ke bAhara 'ani' bhI likhA gayA hai| 1/1 aka yA saka -uttama puruSa/ ekavacana 1/2 praka yA saka -uttama puruSa/ bahuvacana 2/1 aka yA saka -madhyama puruSa/ ekavacana 2/2 praka yA saka -madhyama puruSa bahuvacana 3/1 praka yA saka -anya puruSa ekavacana 3/2 aka yA saka -anya puruSa/ bahuvacana 1/1-prathamA/ekavacana 1/2-prathamA/bahuvacana 2/1-dvitIyA/ekavacana 2/2-dvitIyA bahuvacana 3/1-tRtIyA/ekavacana 3/2-tRtIyA/bahuvacana 4/1-caturthI/ekavacana 4/2-caturthI/bahuvacana 5/1-paMcamI/ekavacana 5/2-paMcamI/bahuvacana 6/1-SaSThI/ekavacana 6/2-SaSThI/bahuvacana 7/1-saptamI/ekavacana 7/2-saptamI/bahuvacana 8/1-saMbodhana/ekavacana 8/2-saMbodhana/bahuvacana

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svayaMbhU kI bhASA-zabda-sampadA -pro. kailAzacandra bhATiyA apabhraMza bhASA ke itihAsa meM mahAkavi svayaMbhU kA apratima sthAna hai / nirvivAda rUpa se apabhraMza ke sarvazreSTha kavi svayaMbhU haiN| Apa mahAkavi, kavirAja, kavirAja cakravartI jaisI upAdhiyoM se vibhUSita the| svayaMbhU ko jahA~ apabhraMza kA prathama mahAkavi hone kA zreya hai vahA~ sarvAdhika yazasvI kavi rahe haiM / mahApaMDita rAhula sAMkRtyAyana jaise vidvAn ne svayaMbhU ko hindI kA prathama kavi evaM paumacariu ko hindI kA prathama mahAkAvya svIkAra kiyA hai / saMskRta kAvya-gagana meM jo sthAna kAlidAsa kA hai, hindI meM tulasIdAsa kA hai, prAkRta meM jo sthAna hAla ne prApta kiyA, apabhraMza ke sAre kAla meM svayaMbhU vahI sthAna rakhate haiM / DaoN. nAmavara siMha to svayaMbhU ko apabhraMza kA vAlmIki mAnate haiM / apabhraMza ko sAhityika bhASA ke rUpa meM mAnyatA unake graMthoM-paumacariu, riTThaNemicariu, tathA svayaMbhUchanda se milI jinameM mAnava-jIvana kA bar3A svAbhAvika, rasapUrNa, manohArI tathA hRdayasparzI varNana kiyA gayA hai / janabhASA ke stara se uThAkara isa bhASA ko mahAkAvya ke stara taka pahuMcAne kA zreya svayaMbhU ko hI hai| vidvAna yAkovI ne 'bhavisayattakahA' meM kahA ki usa samaya apabhraMza eka mizrita bhASA thI jisameM zabdakoza kA adhikAMza sAhityika prAkRtoM se grahaNa kiyA gayA aura vyAkaraNika gaThana dezya bhASAoM se / zabdAvalI bhI dezya grahaNa kI gaI jisapara saMkSipta vi bAda meM prastuta kareMge / rAhulajI ne usI tathya ko prakArAntara se isa prakAra kahA ki apabhraMza ne naye subantoM aura tiGantoM kI sRSTi kii| aisI usa yuga kI vikasanazIla bhASA ko pUrNataH

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62 apabhraMza-bhAratI vikasita karane kA zreya svayaMbhU ko hai| DaoN. bhAyANI ne bhI svayaMbhU kI bhASA kI vyAkaraNika saMracanA kA vistRta vizleSaNa prastuta kiyA / zabdoM ke rUpoM meM tatkAlIna dhvani prakriyA kA prabhAva par3A hai, jaisena ke sthAna para Na - nArAyaNa - NArAyaNa ke sthAna para - jJAna - gANa ma ke sthAna para va - haridamana -- harivavaNa -- praNAma - paNaveppiNu isakA viparIta bhI va ke sthAna para ma - parivRtta - parimiya - sivira -simira . isa prakAra 'raNakAra' yukta zabdoM kI bharamAra milatI haiAdi Nara, NArAyaNa, NIsaranta madhya viNNi, bhiNNa, pahANehi anta - saMghAraNa, bhiNNa / saMdhi hokara bhI naye zabdarUpa bana gaye haiMNa + pAyau = NAyau (na AyA) jaDa puNu kahavi tula laggeM NAyau / Na + prAvami NAvami (na pAU~), jai ema vi NAvami / . Na + ANami NANami (na lAU~), jai NANami to satta mae dinne| isa prakAra na (nakArAtmaka) yukta zabdarUpa paryAptarUpa meM pracalita ho gye| para yaha pravRtti anya zabdarUpoM meM bhI milatI hai, jaisepaDala + provare paDalovare (paTala ke Upara) cAmIyara-paDalovare avara + ekku pravarekku (Upara eka) avarekku raNaMgaNe dujjayAsu / para + pAiu (va) parAiu (va) (para Aye) siddhatthu parAiu / kiMcit + uThThiyo kiMciduTThio (kiMcit uThA huA) vihi vi kiMciduTThiyo / kat + divasu kadivasu (kisI na kisI dina) kaddivasu vi avasa payANau / saMdhi kI isa vRtti se tathA prAMtarika svaroM kI saMdhi se naye-naye zabdoM kA vikAsa huaa|

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apabhraMza-bhAratI 63 saMskRta meM jisa prakAra vizeSaNoM ke rUpa bhI vizeSya ke anusAra hote the usI prakAra svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM rUpa vikasita hue, jaise prAsaMkiya-maNeNa ke anusAra vihIsaNeNa isa prakAra kI naI zabdAvalI ke sAtha-sAtha sUktiyA~ bhI vikasita huIM, jaisejai NAsai siyAlu vivarANaNu / to ki tahoM rUsaI bNcaarnnnnu|| (yadi zRgAla guphA kA mukha naSTa kara de to kyA isase siMha ruSTa hotA hai ?) apabhraMza ke sudhI vidvAn DaoN. devendrakumAra jaina ke anusAra 'likhI gaI bhASA se jaba bolI gaI bhASA dUra jA par3atI hai to usameM sthiratA aura gatizIlatA, mAnaka aura dezI tattvoM kA prazna paidA hotA hai| mAnakIkaraNa ke bAvajUda bhASA Age bar3hatI hai aura dezIkaraNa pradezIkaraNa meM badalatA hai|' . svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM kucha TheTha zabdoM kA prayoga draSTavya haiDhora - 'Dhora' kA prayoga tulasI ne bhI "Dhora pazu nArI" meM spaSTa kiyA hai / acche baila ke lie 'dhavala' kA prayoga milatA hai / marAThI meM 'Dhavala' prayoga meM AtA hai| svayaMbhU ke dubbala DhoraI paMkeiva (paMka-kIcar3a meM phaMse Dhora kI trh)| sapheda baila ko bhI dhauradhaurA kahate haiM / DaoN. devendra kumAra jaina ne isakI vyutpatti svIkAra kI hai dhavala >dhaura >dhora >ddhor| Dhola - Dola tathA Dhola hilane ke artha meM AtA hai| hindI meM DolanA kI jagaha hilanA prayoga meM prAtA hai| jhInA-jhInA' kama ghane ke lie prayoga meM AtA hai / kabIra ne bhI 'jhInI jhInI bInI cada riyA' likhA hai / svayaMbhU ne bhI prayoga kiyA haijhIragau durAuleNa varadesu va (duSTa rAjakula se jaise sundara deza kSINa ho jAtA hai vaise hI sItA ke viyoga meM rAma haiM / ) isa prakAra 'jhINa' kA hI dUsarA rUpa 'jhInA' milatA hai| svayaMbhU ke samakSa apabhraMza kA koI Adarza namUnA nahIM thA / svayaMbhU ne bhAvaprakAzana kI kSamatA apabhraMza bhASA meM bar3hAI, use kSamatAbharI bnaayaa| yuddha-varNana meM bhASA kA vega pracaMDa barasAtI nadI kI bhAMti to zrRMgAravarNana meM maMthara-maMthara gati se pravAhita dhArA kI bhAMti / apabhraMza kI saralatA para vaha svayaM mugdha hai aura sahaja rUpa meM usako gati pradAna karatA hai| yaha sahajatA hI usakI parama vizeSatA hai|

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sIla je maNDaNau ................."docchiu rAvaNa raahv-bhjjeN| 'kettiu riNayaya-riddhimaha dAvahi, appau jagahoM majhe darisAvahi / eu jaM rAvaNa rajju tuhArau, taM mahu tiNa-samANu halubhArau / eu jaM paTTaNu somu sudaMsaNa, taM mahu. maNaho pAiM jamasAsaNu / eu jaM rAulu ragayaNa-suhaMkara, taM mahu NAI masANu bhayaMkaru / eu jaM vAvahi khaNe jovvaNu, taM mahu maNahoM NAI visa-bhoyaNa / eu jaM kaNThau kaDau sa-mehalu, sIla - vihUNahaM taM malu kevlu| rahavara-turaya-gainda-sayAi mi, prAyahi masu puNu gaNNu Na kAi mi / ghattA-saggeNa vi kAi~ jahi~ cArittahoM khaNDaNau / ... kiM samalahaNeNa mahu puNu solu je maNDaNau // -rAmapatnI (sItA) ne rAvaNa kI bhartsanA kI-tuma apanI kitanI Rddhi mujhe dikhAte ho ? ise (to) apane logoM ke bIca dikhAyo / he rAvaNa ! tumhArA yaha rAjya mere lie tinake ke samAna tuccha hai / tumhArA yaha saumya-sudarzana nagara hai vaha mere lie yamazAsana ke samAna hai| yaha netroM ke lie prAnandakara rAjakUla vaha mere lie bhayaMkara zmazAna ke samAna hai| (tuma) jo kSaNa-kSaNa meM apanA yauvana dikhAte ho vaha mAno mere mana ke lie viSa-bhojana hai / ye kaNThA, kar3A, mekhalA Adi prAbhUSaNa haiM ye zIla-prAbhUSaNavAloM ke lie kevala mala hai| saiMkar3oM ratha, ghor3e, hAthI (ye saba tumhArA vaibhava) mere lie mAnya (ginA-mAnA jAne yogya) nahIM hai| usa svarga se bhI kyA (lAbha) jahAM cAritra kA khaNDana ho / mere pAsa zIla kA maNDana (AbhUSaNa) hai phira kucha (anya) prApta karane se kyA (lAbha) ? paumacariu 42.7

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sAmAjika bhASA kA samprayojana sampreSaNa hai lekina kAvya kI bhASA kA prabhAnviti hai / ise hI bhAva-yoga yA sAdhAraNIkaraNa kahA gayA hai / yaha prabhAva jaba mUrta hotA hai taba indriyoM kA viSaya hotA hai / indriyoM meM sarvapramukha haiM netra graura zrotra / ataH kAvya meM cAkSuSa citra aura nAda citra vizeSa mahattva ke hote haiM / paumacariu meM ye donoM hI prakAra ke citra milate haiM / ina citroM ko isa prakAra vargIkRta kiyA jA sakatA hai 1 raMga citra vyatirekI raMgIya citra sthira 2 sthira paumacariu ke kAvyacitra - DaoN. suSamA zarmA kevala prakAzIya citra prAthamika raMgIya citra gatizIla sthira gatizIla gatizIla sthira prakAza citra ekavarNI raMgIya citra sthira gatizIla prakAza - chAyA se nirmita citra gatizIla

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apabhraMza-bhAratI rekhIya citra mukharita gatizIla sthira gatizIla sthira 4 nAda citra sthira gatizIla mizrita sthira gatizIla 1. raMga citra pra-vyatirekI raMgIya gatizIla citra citroM meM vyatirekI raMgoM kI saMyojanA kA mahattva yaha hai ki eka raMga dUsare raMga kI caTaka ko ubhAratA hai / aise hI kucha raMga citra yahAM prastuta haiM dosai NAsai vipphurai paribhai dhauddisu kuNjrhoN| calu lakkhijjai gayaNa-yale NaM vijju-puMju Nava jalaharahoM / / yaha eka aisA citra hai jisakI rekhAe~ gati-cakra meM vilIna ho gaI haiM aura gati kI tIvratA ke kAraNa raha gae haiM kevala raMga / AkAza ke nIce kAlA hAthI gola ghere meM cakkara kATa rahA hai aura usake cAroM ora rAvaNa ghUma rahA hai| isa gati se tIna raMga ubharate haiMaAkAza kA nIlApana liye hue sapheda raMga, usameM ghumar3ate kAle bAdala aura kAle bAdaloM ke bIca aura kabhI pAsa-pAsa bijalI kI sunahalI kauMdha / saba kucha gatimaya hai| isI se kabhI kahIM kAlA raMga camakatA hai aura kabhI usake bIca meM aura kabhI idhara-udhara sunahalA prakAza kauMdha jAtA hai / sapheda phalaka para kAlA raMga aura kAle kI pRSThabhUmi meM sunahalA raMga sabhI eka dUsare kI caTaka ko ubhAra rahe haiM aura gati inako eka vizeSa camaka aura jhilamilAhaTa de detI hai| isI prakAra vyatirekI raMgoM kI caTaka liye eka bhavya citra usa samaya ubharatA hai jaba revA nadI meM sahasrakiraNa aura usake antaHpura kI jalakrIr3A kA dRzya sAmane AtA hai....." avaropparu jala-kola karantahuM / dhaNa - pANAli-pahara mellantahu~ / kahi mi canda-kundujjala-tAreMhiM / dhavaliu jalu tuTTantate hi hArehi // kahi mi rasiu uhi rasantehiM / kahi mi phuriu kuNDale hi phurantehi //

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apabhraMza - bhAratI kahi mi sarasa tambolArattau / kahi mi vaula- kAyambari-mattau // kahi mi phaliha kappUrehi vAsiu / kahi mi surahi migamaya vAmosiu // kahi mi vahala - kuGkuma-piJjariu / kahi mi malaya-candaraNa rasa bhariyau // kahi mi jakkhakaddameraNa karaviu / kahi mi bhamara richolihi cumbiu || viduma maramaya indaragIla saya cAmiyara vahu-vaSNujjalu NAvai Nahayalu suraghaNu gharaNa hAra saMghAe~ / vijju valAyahi ||2 - - ramaNiyoM kA chUTA huA kAjala, sugandhita cUrNa ke dhula jAne se jala para maMDarAte bhramaradala prakAza meM sthita meghoM kI bhAMti kalauMhe haiM, kahIM gire hue maNimaya AbhUSaNoM ke lAla, hare, nIle, sunahare raMga to kahIM kesara zrAdi cUrNa se pIle par3e jala meM mAno indradhanuSa hI utarA hai / candramA aura kunda puSpoM se hue zubhra nirmala jala meM bijalI kI kauMdha hai aura TUTegire motiyoM ke hAroM meM ur3atI baguloM kI pAMti kI dhavalatA aura gati kA bhrama / nadI bhI sajadhaja gaI hai | indradhanuSa, megha, bijalI aura baguloM ke sAtha AkAza hI nadI meM utara AyA hai / isa pUre raMga citra ko vizeSatA yaha hai ki kisI bhI raMga kA nAma kahIM nahIM liyA gayA, kevala raMga ke sAtha jur3I viziSTa vastu kI sahaja upasthiti se hI raMgoM kI yojanA hai| vyatirekI aura prAthamika raMgoM kI sannidhi hai ataH caTaka aura camaka sAmAnya se adhika uttejaka hai / vaha itanI adhika hai ki vastuoMoM kI rekhAe~ kahIM raha hI nahIM jAtI, raha jAte haiM kucha raMga aura prakAza aura unakI kauMdha / isa prakAra nadI ke rUpa meM dharatI - AkAza eka ho gae haiM 'chiti, jala, pAvaka, gagana aura samIra' sabhI abhinna / 67 vyatirekI raMgIya sthira citra - kavi ne vyatirekI raMgoM kI sannidhi ke sauMdarya ko kevala gati meM hI nahIM pakar3A hai, sthira citroM meM bhI unakI caTaka bikherI hai / eka aisA sthira citra kavi ne usa samaya prastuta kiyA hai jaba vaha vana meM rAvaNa ke antaHpura kA varNana karane meM dattacitta hai * taM tehau rAvaNa kerau anteuru saMcalliyau 1 raNaM sabhamaru mAraNasa - saravareM kamaliriMga vaNu paSphulliyau || sItA ke pAsa vana meM rAvaNa kA antaHpura cala kara AyA hai / sabhI pAsa-dUra kI cunI huI sundariyAM haiM, gaura varNa hai, zRMgAra kI dIpti evaM hAva-bhAva se yukta haiM / unake mukhamaNDala raktima prAbhA se yukta haiM / khAne-pIne aura bar3e hone kI eka nirAlI camaka hai / unake cehare khile hue haiM, snigdha aura komala haiM / mukha ke Asa-pAsa alakeM bikharI huI hai / rAniyAM dugdha-dhavala motiyoM ke bane hAra-doru pahane haiM / motiyoM kI dugdha dhavalimA meM sapheda - svaccha mAnasarovara kI bhrAnti utpanna ho rahI hai / pUrA citra isa prakAra ubharatA haidugdha-dhavala jalavAle mAnasarovara meM lAla kamala khile haiM jina para rasapAna ke lie kAle bhauMre maMDarA rahe haiM / ina raMgoM meM zrRMgAra kI eka taralatA ghulI huI hai / lAla, kAle aura sapheda raMga se bane isa citra meM prAthamika raMgoM kI camaka hai aura vyatireka kI caTaka bhI /

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68 apabhraMza-bhAratI isI prakAra kavi ne saMdhyA ke mAdhyama se sRSTi yA zUnya ke virATa citra kA nirmANa taba kiyA hai jaba vaha hanumAna ke dvArA vidhvaMsa prakrama ke varNana meM ramA hai taM evaDDu dukkhu pekSeppiNu, ravi atyamiu pAi~ asaheppiNu / / ahavai gaha-pAyavahA~ visAlahA, sayala-diyantara-dIhara-DAlahoM // uvadisa-raGkholira - uvasAhahoM, saJjhA-pallava-Niyara - saraNAhahoM / / vahuvava abbha-patta-sacchAyahoM, gaha-Nakkhatta - kusuma - saMGghAyahA~ / / pasariya-andhayAra-bhamara-ulahoM, taho prAyAsa-dumahoM vara-viulahoM / / Nisi-pArieN khuDDevi jasa luddhae~ ravi phalu giliu gAi riNayasaddhae~ / vahala-tamAle jagu andhAriu, vihi mi valaheM eM jujjhu NivAriu // . ve vi valai~ varaNa-NisuDhiya gatta, Niya-riNaya-prAvAsahoM pariyatta / / ravi asta ho gayA / aAkAza eka vizAla vaTa-pAdapa hai, dizAe~ jisakI lambI-lambI DAleM haiM, upadizAe~ jisakI zAkhAe~ haiM aura saMdhyA jisake pallava hai, bAdala jisake patte haiM, graha-nakSatra jisake kusuma haiM, andhakAra bhramarakula hai, isameM vRkSa kI virATatA hai, koyaloM meM saMdhyA kI lAlimA hai aura bAdaloM meM pattoM kA raMga, camakIle graha-nakSatroM meM vividha phUloM kI AbhA hai| andhakAra ke kAlepana se bhramaroM kA kAlApana ekIkRta hai / isa taraha yaha pUrA citra lAla, kAle, hare aura camakIle sapheda.raMga se mila kara banA hai / vyatirekI raMga eka Azraya meM aMgAMgI bhAva se jur3e haiM aura eka virATa citra kA sRjana karate haiM / sRSTi kA eka aisA hI virATa citra gItA ke pandrahaveM sarga meM milatA hai jahAM kahA gayA hai--"he arjuna, AdipuruSa paramezvararUpa mUlavAle aura brahmarUpa mukhya zAkhAvAle saMsArarUpI pIpala ke vRkSa ko avinAzI kahate haiM tathA veda jisake patte kahe gae haiM usa saMsArarUpI vRkSa ko mUlasahita tattva se jAnatA hai vaha veda ke tattva ko jAnanevAlA hai / aura he arjuna ! usa saMsAra kI guNarUpa jaladvArA baDhI haI evaM viSayabhogarUpa koyaloMvAlI deva, manuSya aura tiryaka prAdi yonirUpa zAkhAeM nIce aura Upara sarvatra phailI huI haiM tathA manuSya yoni meM karmoM ke anusAra bAMdhanevAlI ahaMtA, mamatA aura vAsanA rUpa jar3eM bhI Upara aura nIce sabhI lokoM meM phailI haiN|''5 prAthamika raMgIya sthira citra-citroM meM prAthamika raMgoM kA apanA hI mahattva hai / ye mUla raMga haiM, apane Apa meM zuddha / kinhI raMgoM ke milane se ye nahIM banate / inakA apanA svataMtra astitva hai aura eka dUsare meM ghula-milakara aneka raMga banAte haiM jo dvitIya raMga kahalAte haiM / ghula-milakara nae dvitIya raMga meM bhI inakI camaka tirohita nahIM hotI / ataH citroM meM ina raMgoM kI saMyojanA kA sauMdarya yaha hai ki ye paraspara eka dUsare kI caTaka ko ubhArate haiM, apanI camaka aura caTaka meM koI kamI nahIM Ane dete haiM, sAtha hI apane dvitIya raMga kI prAbhA bhI cAroM ora chiTakAte haiM / kavi svayaMbhU kI sauMdarya-cetanA ne isa sauMdarya ko pakar3A hai aura citroM meM rUpAyita kiyA hai jahAM darzanika saMketa aura kAvyAtmaka artha ekIkRta ho gae haiM kekkaya-sueNa NamaMtaeNNa siru rahuvai-calaNaMtareM-kiyau / vosai vihiM rattuppalaheM goluppalu majjhe gAI thiyau /

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69 apabhraMza bhAratI prAthamika raMgoM se nirmita yaha citra usa samaya ubharatA hai jaba bharata rAma ke caraNoM meM sira jhukA kara namana karate haiN| rAma ke caraNa lAla haiM aura kezapAza se prAcchAdita sira zyAma / lAla caraNoM para rakhA huA sira aisA pratIta hotA hai mAno do lAla kamaloM ke bIca eka nIlA kamala khilA ho [ sAhitya meM nIlA aura kAlA samAna raMga mAne jAte haiM ] / isase kavisamaya kI bhI pUrti ho gaI hai ki sira aura caraNa donoM hI kamala se upamita haiM aura sAtha hI raMga sAmya bhI hai| sAtha hI dArzanikatA kA rUpa bhI ubhara AyA hai-- -- prAsthA aura anurAga meM saba samAna ho gayA hai / eka anya citra prAthamika raMgoM kI raMjita eka yoddhA kA dRzya sAmane AtA saMyojanA se usa samaya | yoddhA ke vakSa meM bAraNa ubharatA hai jaba rakta se kevala praviSTa hI nahIM haiM, balki chAtI phor3akara dUsarI tarapha nikala gae haiM jahAM ve ISat uThe hue dIkha rahe haiM / yoddhA rakta se raMjita hai aura bANa kAlA hai ataH vaha kAlA bhramara jaisA dIkha par3atA hai aura rakta se raMjita vakSasthala lAla kamala - samUha jaisA pratIta hotA / raktima AbhA se yukta gahare caTaka lAla raMga ke kamala khile haiM aura phUloM para bhramara rasa-pAna ke lie Thahare hue haiM / isa prakAra yaha - citra kAle aura lAla raMga se pUrA hotA hai| donoM raMga apanI-apanI caTaka aura dIpti liye haiM, eka dUsare ko bhI uddIpta kara rahe haiM aura eka anya raMga kI AbhA bhI vikIrNa kara rahe haiM / ekavarNI raMgIya citra -- vyatirekI zraura prAthamika raMgoM se nirmita citroM ke atirikta paumacariu meM ekavarNI takanIka se nirmita raMga citra bhI milate haiM, yathA vinbhamahAva-bhAva-bhU bhaGgaraccharAI / jAyai~ sura - vimANaiM dhUlidhUsarAI // tAva hei ghaTTaNeNa karAlau / ucchaliyau sihi-jAlA - mAlau // siviyahi~ chatta - ghaeNhi~ lagganti / amara - vimANa sayAi~ bahanti // puNu pacchale soNiya jala dhArau / tAhiM asesu disAmuhu sittau / praNau pariyattau gayaragaGgahoM / jaya vasundhari ruhirAyamviri / kari - sira- muttAhale hi~ vimosiya / raya pasamaraNau huprAsa - riNavArau // thiu gahu NAI kusummaeN ghittau // NaM ghusiNoliu Naha - siri- zraGgahI~ // sarahasa - suhaDa - kabandha - paNacciri saMjha va tArAiNNa padosIya || yuddha kSetra meM chatra patAkAe~ - pAlakiyA~ Adi jala rahe haiM, Aga kI karAla lapaTeM uThI haiM / yuddha bhUmi raktapAta se lAla hai / dhUla ur3a rahI hai / gaja-motI bikhare par3e haiM / yaha dRzya saMdhyA ke citra meM rUpAyita hotA hai jo ekavarNI takanIka ke AdhAra para eka lAla raMga ke vividha prabhAbhedoM kI saMyojanA se nirmita hai-- pIta prAbhA liye Aga kA lAla raMga, rakta kA gaharA camakadAra lAla raMga, maTamailA lAla raMga, kusumbha va kumakuma kA lAla raMga, ye saba prabhAbheda saMdhyA kA citra banAte haiM jo kalpanA ke sAdRzya meM kauMdhate haiM / lAla raMga prAthamika raMga bhI hai jo apanI mUla caTaka aura camaka ko banAe rahatA hai aura aneka anya raMga chaviyoM ko bhI bikheratA rahatA hai | isa ekavarNI takanIka se citra meM dRk kI vyApakatA, kAla kI gati,

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70 apabhraMza bhAratI prakAza va chAyA Adi saMzliSTa rUpa meM saMvedya hue haiN| lAlimA kI isa pRSThabhUmi meM zveta camakate gaja-motI tAroM se bharI saMdhyA kA citra hI pUrA nahIM kara dete haiM, use dIpti bhI dete haiM aura adhika gaharA va caTakIlA bhI banA dete haiM / 3. rekhIya citra - rekhIya gatizIla mUka citra vi purandaru Niggau zrairAvaeN caDiu | NaM vijjhahoM upari saraya - mahAghaNu pAyaDiu 118 'paumacariu' ke kama hI citra rekhIya haiM, prAyaH mizrita hI milate haiM / ukta citra kI pramukha rekhAe~ U~cAI aura vistAra saMbaMdhI haiM, sAtha hI bhautikI kI gati ke niyama se haiM / prakAza ko chUtA U~cA, cAroM ora phailA, vanaspati se bharA vindhyAcala parvata hai / raMga bhI usakA kAlA hai / usa para zarada ke dhavala dhUsarita bAdala maMda-maMthara gati se prA-jA rahe haiM / bAdaloM kI gati ne parvata ko bhI gati pradAna kara dI hai| inameM AbhijAtya ghulA-milA hai aura prabhAva ke rUpa meM chiTakA par3a rahA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki U~ce phaile aura kAle hAthI para indra baiThA ho / indra aizvarya kA pratIka hai, prazAsana aura saMrakSaNa kA arthAt zrAbhijAyakA / rekhAe~ kAle aura zveta raMga meM ubharI huI haiM aura vakra haiM / rekhIya mukharita gatizIla citra pahantare bhayaGkaro / valo vva siGga - doharo / kahi~ je bhIma - kandaro kahi ji rattacandaNo / kahi ji diTTha-chArayA / kahi jisIha - gaNDayA / kahi jimatta - bhirA / kahi ji puccha - doharA / kahi ji thora kandharA / kahi ji tuGgaGgayA / kahi ji zrAraNuSNayA / 11 sAla- chiNNa-kakkaro riNayacchimro mahIharo // bharanta-ragIra - Nijjharo // tamAla - tAla - vandaNo || lavanta matta morayA || dhUNanta-puccha - vaNDayA guluggulanti kuMjarA || kiliklinti vANarA / / paribbhamanti sambarA / / hayAri- tikkhasiGgayA || kuraGga vuNNa - kaNNayA ||1 11 - citra vaMzasthala ke parvata kA hai / isa meM sUkSma - sthUla rekhAeM haiM, vividha naisargika dhvaniyAM haiM aura eka saMzliSTa gati hai / prakRti kA prAyAma hI isake dvArA vistRta huA hai, gaharAI bhI bar3hI hai, svacchandatA aura vividhatA bhI ubharI hai| hiMsra jIvoM ke vizeSaNa 'dIharA', 'thora', 'tuMga', 'tikkha' [ lambA, sthUla, tIkhA, U~cA ] parvata ke aMga bana gae haiM- isa prakAra dohare ho eka haiM aura bhautikI ke dravyamAna kI avadhAraNA pUrI karate haiM / zikhara U~ce zRMgoM meM hI nahIM dIkha par3ate, pUrA parvata hI vanailA pazu ho gayA hai / isa taraha parvata meM pazubhAva aura

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apabhraMza bhAratI pazuoM me padArthabhAva ke AyAmoM ke prAbhAsa ne unheM eka banA diyA hai- pravibhAjita aura pUrNa / hAthiyoM kI gulagulAhaTa, suaroM kI ghuraghurAhaTa, bandaroM kI kilakilAhaTa, jharanoM kI jharajharAhaTa, moroM kI kekA aura siMhoM kI pUMchoM kI phaTakAra ne samUce parvata ko bhayaMkara dhvani se bhara diyA hai ki parvata kA hara bhAga bolatA, dahAr3atA, DarAtA pratIta hotA hai / citra ke upasaMhAra meM hirana kI aprastuta daur3a ko do rekhAnoM meM sameTa liyA gayA hai unake kAna khar3e haiM, muMha laTakA hai mAno ve bhI bhIta- trasta / aMza kI gati sampUrNa ko gatizIla banA detI hai jisameM phira rekhA aura zabda alaga nahIM raha jAte / rekhIya mUka sthira citra hisiMciya sIyala-candara rega paDa vAiya vara kAmiNijaNeNa / zrAsAsiya sundari pavaNa - piya / NaM thiya tuhiNAhaya kamala siya || jalatattva yaha eka aisA citra hai jisameM kamala kA puSpa hima se Ahata hai / usakA nikala cukA hai, isalie usakA raMga bhI vivarNa ho gayA hai / usakI UrjA bhI samApta ho gaI hai / vaha bebasa ho kara zava kI taraha laTaka gayA hai aura jisake sahAre laTakA hai use bhI apane bojha se jhukA rahA hai arthAt zava kI taraha vivarNa aura bojhila / isI prakAra aneka rekhIya sthira aura mUka citra 'paumacariu' meM mila jAte haiM / 71 eka aura udAharaNa yahA~ prastuta hai velandhara - ghare - mukka payANau / thiu valu sarayabbha-ula samAragau |111 rekhAoM se nirmita isa citra meM kavi ne zarada Rtu ke AkAza kA dRzya prastuta kiyA hai / zarada Rtu ke megha pAvasa Rtu kI taraha ghane aura gatizIla nahIM hote grapitu ve dUra-dUra chitare aura Thahare hue hote haiM / nirmala nIlA khulA AkAza hai aura usameM yahAM-vahAM kucha-kucha dUrI para ruI jaise sapheda bAdala jame hue haiN| yaha sthira citra usa samaya ubharatA hai jaba rAvaNa kI senA kI Tukar3iyA~ velaMdhara parvata para yahA~-vahA~ jagaha-jagaha DerA DAlakara jama jAtI haiM / 4. chAyA citra chAyA-prakAza gatizIla citra vihi mi nirantara vAvaraNe sara-jAlu pahAvai / fare so majjhe thiu ghaNa Dambaru NAvai || 12 prastuta citra zatrughna aura madhu rAjA ke bIca saMgrAma - vyApAra meM ubharA hai| donoM nirantara tIkSNa tIvra bAraNa chor3a rahe haiM / bAraNa vividha dUrI para gira rahe haiM aura vividha gati se U~cAI ko pAra kara rahe haiM / ve aise dIkhate haiM mAno vindhyAcala aura sahya parvata ke bIca AtizabAjI chUTa rahI ho / ina meM donoM parvata hare aura kAle haiM / prAtizabAjI rAtri ke kAle andhere meM hI nikharatI hai, dina ke prakAza meM to grAhaTa hI prAhaTa raha jAtI hai, raMga nahIM dikhalAI par3ate / mAlUma aisA par3atA hai ki bANa eka-dUsare se TakarAkara ciMgAriyAM chor3a rahe haiM /

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12 apabhraMza-bhAratI kavi ne isa citra ko upayukta pRSThabhUmi meM mUrta kiyA hai jo yathA-tatha hI nahIM apitu sundara aura caTakadAra bhI ho gayA hai / prakAza aura chAyA se nirmita eka gatizIla citra kavi zrImAlA ke svayaMvara kA varNana karate samaya prastuta karatA hai pura ujjovantiya dIvi jema / pacchaha andhAra karanti tema // 13 zrImAlA gaura varNa kI hai aura gaura-varNa bhI sunahalI AbhA se yukta hai / kAle hAthI para baiThI vaha svayaMvara meM sabhA-maDaMpa meM jaise-jaise Age bar3hatI jAtI hai vaise-vaise Age-Age prakAza phailatA jAtA hai usake pIche-pIche andhakAra chA jAtA hai| usake mukha kI dIpti bijalI kI kauMdhavAlI hai, dIpa-zikhA jaisI hai aura pIche dhanI kAlI kezarAzi hai| kAle hAthI kI pRSThabhUmi meM vyatireka se mukha kI dIpti aura bhI adhika caTaka ho gaI hai| prataH yaha citra ubharatA hai ki eka dIpazikhA pAge-mAge prakAza karatI haI pIche-pIche andhakAra chor3atI jAtI hai / indumatI ke svayaMra meM kAlidAsa ne bhI eka aisA citra ukerA hai saJcAriNI dIpazikheva rAtrau yayaM vyatIyAya pativaMrA sA / nagendrabhAgA iva prapede vivarNa bhAva sasa bhUmi pAlaH / raghuvaMza 6.67 chAyA prakAza sthira citra rAvaNa ghareM jaya tUra apphAliya / rAhava-vale muh| pAi~ masi-mahaliya: // 14 rAvaNa aura rAma ke bIca cala rahe yuddha meM jaba kabhI rAvaNa kI jIta hotI hai taba rAvaNa kI senA meM harSollAsa phUTa par3atA hai aura rAma kI senA kA muMha syAhI se puta jAtA hai / citra kA eka hissA kAlA hai aura dUsarA ujjavala / chAyA aura prakAza prAtmaglAni va duHkha tathA ullAsa ko mUrta karate haiN| aisA hI eka aura citra taba sAmane AtA hai jaba kavi rAvaNa ke upavana meM baiThI sItA kA varNana karane meM lIna hai tahoM vaNahoM majhe havanteNa sIya NihAliya dummaNiya / NaM gayaNa-magge ummilliya candalehavIyaheM taNiya // 15 sItA rAvaNa ke upavana meM hai, vimana baiThI hai mukha kI kAnti dhIre-dhIre kAlI par3atI jA rahI hai, kahIM-kahIM lAlimA baca gaI hai| sItA ke mana meM prAzA-nirAzA ke bhAva prA-jA rahe haiN| nirAzA kA vicAra kAlepana kI kUcI se usake cehare ko pota sA jAtA hai aura pAzA kI kiraNa usameM kabhI-kabhI bhaTakI dIpti jaise dIkha par3atI hai| kavi ko vaha candramukhI aba kevala dvitIyA ke candramA jaisI dIkha rahI hai| yahAM sItA ke mana kA tUphAna kSINa aura asthAI prakAza se pratIta huA hai|

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apabhraMza bhAratI prakAzIya citra 'paumacariu' meM kucha aise bhI citra haiM jinameM kevala prakAza hI prakAza hai yathA tories vAraNeM chiNNu chattu NaM khuDiu marAleM sahasavattu / NaM sUrahoM jemante hoM visAlu, viyaliu karAu kalahoya thAlu || hai yuddha kSetra meM chatra kaTa kaTa kara gira rahe haiM / bAraNa unameM ulajhe hue haiM / kavi ko ve haMsoM dvArA kSuTita lAlakamala puSpa pratIta hote haiM yA vizAla sUrya jaise dIkhate haiM / lekina kavi ko isameM saMtoSa nahIM hotA hai / vaha usa citra ko pUrA-pUrA utAra nahIM pAyA hai / lAlakamaloM ke TUTe par3e hone para bhI unameM saMzleSa nahIM aura sUrya kI vizAlatA meM bANa nahIM hai / donoM kalpanAoM meM citra meM kucha chUTA raha gayA / zrAkAMkSA raha gaI hai / kAle bANa bhI sunahare chatra ke prakAza ke parAvartana se svarNamaya ho gae / isalie yahAM kavi eka nayA citra prastuta karatA hai ki sone ke thAla se kiraNeM nikala rahI haiM, yahAM kavi ne una donoM binduoM ko milA diyA hai jahAM svarNa AbhA janmatI hai aura jahAM se phUTa-phUTa kara bikharatI hai / sarvatra prakAza hI prakoza hai, ikaTThA bhI aura chiTakA bhI / 5. nAda citra kavi ne eka virAT zabda-citra usa samaya nirmita kiyA hai jaba usakA eka pAtra rAvaNa ke vana ko bhaMga karane meM vyasta hai-- vaNu bhaMjami rasamasakasamasantu / mahivIDha gAr3ha virasorasantu // gAyaula- viula-cumbhala-valantu / rukkhukkhaya-khara khoNiyaM khalantu || gosesa - diyantara - parimalantu / kaGa kelli - velli - lavalI - lalantu // tuGgaGga-bhiGaga - gumugumugumantu / taru - lagga - bhagga - dumudumudumantu / / elA kakkolaya kaDayaDantu / vaDa - viDava - tADa-taDataDataDantu // karamarakarIra karakarayarantu prAsatyAgatthiya - tharaharantu maDDaDDa maDDu saya-khaNDa jantu / sattacchaya - kusumAmoya 1 73 || dintu 1117 mizrita citra dhvaniyA~ aneka haiM, nAda eka hai aura ye dhvaniyAM rasamasa, kasamasa per3oM ke khIMcane kI, nAgoM ke bhAgane kI cuMbhalatA, per3oM ke ukhar3ane aura bhUmi meM gaDDhA hone kI khalakhalAhaTa, lavalI (lauMga) Adi kA lalakanA, bhauMroM kA gumagumAnA, per3oM ke Apasa meM TakarAkara TUTane kI dumadumAhaTa, ailA [ ilAyacI ] kI kar3akar3AhaTa, aura vaha tAr3oM kI tar3atar3AhaTa, karamara [karIla ] kI karakarAhaTa, azvattha [ pIpala ] kI tharatharAhaTa sarvatra sunAI par3a rahI hai aura saba dhvaniyA~ milAkara virAT nAda kA nirmANa kara rahI haiM jo vidhvaMsa ke kriyA vyApAra ko mUrta karatA hai / varaNamAla niyatevi bhaggamAraNa / gaya lakkharaNa-rAma supujjamAraNa || thoventare macchutthalla denti / golA - Nai biTTha samuvvahanti //

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apabhraMza bhAratI suMsupara - dhora - ghuraghuruharanti / kari - mayaraDDohiya - DuhuDuhanti / DiNDIra - saNDa - maNDaliu denti / dadduraya - raDiya - duruduruduranti / kallolullolahiM uvvahanti / ugghosa - ghosa ghavaghavaghavanti // paDikhalaNa-valaNa-khalakhalakhalanti / khalakhaliya-khaDakaka-khaDakaka deti // sasi-saGkha kunda-dhavalojjhareNa / kAraNaDuDDASiya - umveraNa // 18 godAvarI nadI kA eka adbhuta gatizIla bolatA citra svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM hI ho sakatA thaa| isameM gati kahIM dhvani se mUrta huI hai to kahIM raMga se aura kahIM jyAmitIya koNoM aura sthitiyoM meM vaha ruka sI gaI hai / vega se bahate jala kA nAda jaba ghar3iyAla ke muMha se nikalatA hai to nadI ghuraghurAne lagatI hai, jaba meMr3hakoM ke gale meM bhara kara bAhara AtA hai taba vaha duradurAne lagatI hai| taraMgoM meM gati ke phUTane se vaha chapachapAtI hai, mor3oM para mur3ate hue aura jharanoM ke girane para khalakhalAtI hai aura caTTAnoM para bahate hue sarasarAtI hai| isa saMgIta ke bIca nadI kI gati bhI samatala nahIM rahatI, vaha car3hatI-utaratI hai| hAthiyoM aura magaroM ke krIr3A-pAlor3ana se uThate-girate vega ke rUpa meM nadI haDuhAne kA zabda karatI hai aura vaha bhaMvara kI bhAMti phailate-mur3ate phena ugalatI jAtI hai / isa AvAja aura cAla ke sAtha-sAtha nadI kA eka raMga bhI hai jo zaMkhoM, candramA aura kunda ke zveta puSpoM se milakara ujalAtA hai aura machaliyoM ke zalkoM kI camaka va unakI uchala-kUda se kauMdhatA jAtA he-zveta para dhavalimA kI kauMdha, kucha pItAbha zveta aura dugdha dhavala, sabase milakara eka uThatA hA prakAza kA bhabhUrA jisane gati kA pakar3anA bhI asaMbhava banA diyA hai| nadI vega meM badala gaI hai / rUpa meM yaha citra mizrita hai, isameM rekhAeM haiM, raMga haiM, dhvani hai, gati hai aura prakAza hai, artha meM yaha saMzliSTa hai / aisA citra kavi tabhI de sakatA hai jaba usakI cetanA aneka prakAra ke indriyabodha ke stara para eka sAtha sakriya ho sake, saMSliSTa rUpa se kArya kara sake aise citra svayaMbhu ke vyaktitva aura usakI dRSTi kI samagratA ke paricAyaka haiN| niSkarSa ke rUpa meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki kavi svayaMbhU ne sabhI prakAra ke kAvya citra khar3e kie haiM ve rUpa, raMga, rekhA sabhI dRSTiyoM se anupama haiN| inake viSaya vividha haiM, kucha meM prakAza kI jhalaka hai kucha meM chAyA kA bikharAva, kahIM raMgoM kI bhAsvaratA hai to kahIM nAda kI laya / kucha citra ekAyAmI haiM aura kucha anekAyAmI / ina citroM dvArA pratyakSa prabhAva, mUrtimattA kI sRSTi haI hai| ye pAkarSaka aura mohaka citra camatkAra ke mAdhana nahIM haiN| inase artha adhika gaharA, saMvedya aura sRjanazIla huA hai| kavi ne jahAM prakRti ke virAT citra die haiM aura dharatI tathA prAkAza meM dharatI ke jo citra prastuta kie haiM, unheM eka kara diyA hai| vahAM sahajatA se hI yaha artha anubhUta hotA hai ki siddhAnta aura vyavahAra ke ekarUpa hone meM hI pUrNatA hai| ucca ne nimna ko kroDa meM sameTa liyA hai aura nimna zivaragAmI ho gayA hai / isI taraha prAthamika raMgoM kI saMyojanA anAyAsa hI isa dArzanika vicAra kI anubhUti karA detI hai ki prapaMca kA mUla kAraNa prapaMca meM bhI hai aura prapaMca se pare bhii| svayaMbhU ne aneka dIkhanevAle virodhI raMgoM ko eka pAzraya meM sampUraka rUpa meM isa prakAra niyojita kiyA hai ki unakA virodha miTa gayA hai aura sahayoga vistRta va gaharA ho gayA hai--eka saMpUrNa sRjana jo ghaTane-bar3hane se ghaTatA-baDhatA nahIM hai| svamaMbhU ke kAvya-citroM meM anubhUti aura vicAra,

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apabhraMza bhAratI 75 bhAva aura buddhi, rAga aura darzana kI alaga pratIti nahIM hotI / inakA avibhAjya saMzliSTa rUpa milatA hai / ina citroM meM kavi kI samagra cetanA kA zabda, rekhAoM aura raMgoM se unmukta milana hai / kalA kA artha bhI yahI hai / kalA ke viSaya meM kevala phosIlana hI nahIM kahate, svayaMbhU ke ye citra svayaM hI bAra-bAra bolate haiM - "kalA saMvedanA ko rUpa kA paridhAna mAtra nahIM pahanAtI hai varan kalA saMvedanA meM rUpa kA udaya bhI karatI hai|" 1. paumacariu 11.6.9 2. vahI 14.6.1-9 3. vahI 49.11.10 4. vahI 63.11.2-9 5. gItA 15.2 6. paumacariu 79.1.9 7. vahI 17.2.1-8 8. vahI 16.14.9 9. vahI 32.3.1-12 10. vahI 19.16 8-9 11. vahI 20.3.7 12. vahI 80.9.9 13. vahI 7.3.8 14. vahI 6.3.11.10 15. vahI 49.7.10 16. vahI 48.10.6 17. vahI 51.1.2-8 18. vahI 31.3.1-7.

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paumacariu meM biMba -DaoN. je. esa. kusumagItA biMba kAvya kA anivArya upAdAna hai| vAstava meM biMba hI kAvya meM bhAva tathA vicAra kA sAdhaka hai / saMsAra kI sabhI bhASAoM ke sAhitya meM biMba kI pradhAnatA rahI hai| kavi ke aiMdrika saMvedanoM kI rAga-saMpRkta abhivyakti hI biMba kA rUpa dhAraNa karatI hai / apane varNya viSaya kI saphala sArthaka abhivyaMjanA ke lie kavi kisI anya sAdhana kA upayoga kare yA na kare, biMboM kA upayoga vaha avazya karatA hai| biMba anivArya rUpa meM mUrta hI hotA hai / cUMki aiMdriya anubhavoM meM cAkSuSa anubhava-rUpa sarvAdhika mUrta hotA hai, biba meM rUpa-tattva kI pradhAnatA hotI hai / svayaMbhU ke 'paumacariu' meM biMboM kI bharamAra hai aura adhikAMza biMba prakRti ke kSetra se gRhIta haiN| ina biMboM ko sAta vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai 1. jalIya biMba 2. prAkAzIya biMba 3. pArthiva biMba 4. vAyavya-biMba 5. tejasa biMba 6. Rtu evaM kAla saMbaMdhI biMba 7. mAnavetara prANI-biMba / saMvedanoM ke AdhAra para biMba pAMca prakAra ke ho sakate haiM1. cAkSuSa yA dRzya 2. zravya 3. sparza 4. prAsvAdya 5. ghrANa / 'paumacariu' meM uparyukta sabhI biMba pAye jAte haiM / 1. dRzya biba pratyeka kavi ke kAvya meM dRzya-biMba hI adhika hote haiN| svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM bhI isI kI bahulatA hai|

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apabhraMza bhAratI ___ zyAma raMga kI yamunA evaM ujjvala gaMgA kA sundara biMba kavi yoM prastuta karatA hai ki yamunA pArdra meghoM ke samAna zyAmaraMga kI thI jo nAgina kI bhAMti kAlI thI aura jala se |.........."maano dharatI para khIMcI gaI kAjala kI lakIra ho / gaMgA kI taraMgeM jala se ekadama svaccha thIM, caMdramA aura zaMkha ke samAna jo zubhra thiiN| ......"jA pralaya-jalaya-gavalAli vaNNa / jA kasiraNa bhaaMgi va visaho bhariya / kajjala reha va NaM dharae dhariya / / thovaMtare nala - Nimmala taraMga / sasi-saMkha-samappaha diTTha gaMga // 69.7.6-8 prabhAta kA varNana karate hue kavi prakRti kA eka suMdara biMba khar3A kara detA hai| savere caMdramArUpI pakSI ur3a gayA aura aMdhakArarUpI madhukara calA gyaa| rAtrirUpI per3a ke naSTa hone para tArArUpI phala bhI jhar3a ge| caMda-vihaMgame samuDDAviyae (gaya) andhAra mahuyare / / tArA kusuma-NiyareM pariyalie~ moDie rayaNi taruvare / 70.1-1 rAma aura rAvaNa kI senAoM meM yuddha ho rahA thA / sUrya DUba gayA / lagatA thA prAkAzarUpI vRkSa meM sUryarUpI suMdara phala laga gayA hai| dizAoM kI zAkhAoM se vaha vRkSa zobhita ho rahA thaa| saMdhyA ke lAla-lAla pattoM se vaha yukta thaa| bahavidha megha usake pattoM kI chAyA ke samAna lagate the / graha aura nakSatra usake phUloM ke samUha the / bhramara-kUla kI bhAMti usa para dhIre dhIre aMdhakAra phailatA jA rahA thaa| vaha aAkAzarUpI vRkSa bahuta bar3A thaa| parantu yaza kI lobhina nizArUpI nArI ne usake sUryarUpI phala ko nigala liyaa| ghane aMdhakAra ne saMsAra ko Dhaka liyA mAno usane donoM senAoM ke yuddha ko roka diyaa| "sayala - viyaMtara - dohr-ddaalhoN| udisa-raMkholira-uvasAhaho / saMjhA - pallava-Niyara - saNAhahoM // vahuvava prabha-patta-sacchAyahoM / gaha ekkhatta - kusuma - sNghaayho| pasariya aMdhayAra-bhamara-ulahoM / taho pAyAsa-dumahoM vara-viulaho / Nisi NArie~ khaDDe vi js-luddheN| ravi phalu giliu NAI Niyasaddhae / vahala tamAle jagu aMdhAriu / vihi mi valaha NaM jujjhu riNavAriu // 63.11.3-8 zarad ke Agamana se vanavRkSoM kI kAMti aura chAyA sahasA sundara ho uThI / naI naliniyoM ke kamala aisI haMsI bikhera rahe the mAno kAminIjanoM ke mukha hI haMsa rahe hoN| dRzya aisA laga rahA thA mAno apane niraMtara nikalanevAle dhanarUpI dhavala kalazoM se prAkAzarUpI mahAgaja ne zaradakAlIna vasudhA kI sauMdarya-lakSmI kA abhiSeka kara usa prabodhinI ko kabhagiri para adhiSThita kara diyA ho|

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78 apabhraMza bhAratI chaDu meM chuDu meM sarayahA~ prAgamaNe, sacchAya mahAduma jAya vaNeM // Nava NaliNiheM kamalai~ vihasiyai~, gaM kAmiNi-vayaNa pahasiyai~ // dhavaleNa piraMtara - riNaggaeNa, ghaNa - kalase hiMgayaNa - mahaggae~Na // ahisiMcevi takkhaNe vasui-siri, NaM thaviya pravAhiNi kumbhairi // 36.2.2-5 svayaMbhU narmadA ko priya se anurakta bAlA ke rUpa meM kalpita karake kaisA sundara biMba prastuta karate haiM, dekhie samudra ke pAsa jAte hue usane zIghra apanA prasAdhana kara liyaa| jo usameM jala ke pravAha kA ghavaghava zabda ho rahA hai, vahI usake nUpuroM kI jhaMkAra hai, jitane bhI kAMtiyukta kinAre haiM ve hI usake Upara or3hane ke vastra haiM, jo jala khalabala karatA huA uchalatA hai, vahI rasanAdAma hai / usameM uThanevAle prAvataM hI usake zarIra kI trivaliyoM rUpI lahareM haiM / usameM jalagajoM ke kaMbha hI usake prAdhe nikale hae stana haiN| phena, jo uTha rahe haiM, ve hI hAra haiM, jalacaroM ke yuddha se raktaraMjita jala hI usake tAMbUla ke samAna hai, matavAle gajoM se jo usakA pAnI mailA hamA, vahI mAno usakI A~khoM kA kAjala hai, Upara nIce honevAlI taraMgeM usakI bhauhoM kI bhaMgimA hai, jo usameM bhramaramAlA vyApta hai vaha usakI kezAvalI hai / NammayAe~ mayaraharahoM jantie~ / pAi~ pasAhaNu laiu turaMtie / ghavaghavaMti je jala-panbhArA / to ji pAi~ aiura-jhaMkArA // puliNai~ jAi~ ve vi sacchAyaI / tAI je uDDhaNAI NaM jAya // jaM jalu khalai valai ullolai / rasaraNA-dAmu taM ji NaM gholai // je mAvatta samuTThiya caMgA / te mi gAI taNu-tivali taraMgA // je jala-hasthi-kumbha sohillA / te ji pAI thaNa adhummillA / / jo hiNDIra-Niyara aMdolai / NAvai so jeM hAru rakholai / / jaM jalayara-raNa-raMgiu pANiu / taM ji gAI taMbolu samAriNa u // matta-hasthi-maya-mailiu jaM jala / taM ji NAI kiu prakkhihiM kajjalu // jAu taraMgiriNau pravara-mohau / lAu ji maMgurAu NaM bhauhau // jAu bhamara-patiu mlliirgu| kesAvaliu tAu raNaM diNNau // 14.3.1-11 2. zravya biba svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM zravyabiMboM kI bahulatA hai jo kavi kI zravaNasaMvedanA ke bahumukhI rUpa kA paricAyaka hai| bhayaMkara nAda, megha-garjana, siMha-garjana, sAgara-garjana, nadI kA kala-kala nAda, pakSiyoM kA kalarava, vajrAghAta kI dhvani, AnaMdabherI, DamarunAda, ghaMToM kI dhvani prAdi aneka dhvaniyoM ko svayaMbhU ne prastuta kiyA hai / ____ godAvarI nadI kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai ki godAvarI meM machaliyA~ uchalakUda macA rahI thiiN| zizumAroM meM ghora ghuraghurAtI huI, gaja aura magaroM ke pAloDana se

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apabhraMza bhAratI 79 DuhaDuhAtI huI,".......meMDhakoM kI dhvani se TarrAtI huI, taraMgoM ke udvela se bahatI huI, udghoSa ke zabdoM se chapa-chapa karatI huI, jala-prapAtoM ke skhalana aura mor3a se khalakhala karatI huI aura caTTAnoM para sarasarAtI huI vaha baha rahI thii| .........."golA gai diTTa samunvahaMti // susupara - ghora - dhurudhuruhuraMti / kari - mayaraDDohiya - DuhaDuhanti / DiNDora-saNDa - maNDaliu denti / daduraya - raDiya - durudurudaranti // kallolullolahiM ubvahanti / ugghosa - ghosa . ghavaghavaghavanti / paDikhalaNa-valaNa-khalakhalakhalanti / khalakhaliya * khalakka-jhaDakka denti / 31.3.2-6 kSemaMjali-rAja dvArA pheMkI gayI zakti dhakadhakAtI huI samarAMgaNa meM isa taraha daur3I mAno nabha meM tar3atar3a karatI bijalI hI camaka uThI ho| dhAiya dhagadhaganti samaraMgaNe / NaM taDi taDayaDanti Naha - aMgaNe // 31.11.7 hanumAna kA vimAna ghaMToM kI Tana-Tana dhvani se jhaMkRta ho rahA thaa| runajhuna karatI huI kiMkiNiyoM se mukhara thA / ghavaghava aura ghara-ghara zabda se guMjita thaa| ........."TaNaTaNaMta - ghNttaa-vmaale| raNaraNaMta - kikiNi - sughosae / ghavaghavaMta - ghagghara - vighosae // 46.1.2-3 ........... rAma ne rAvaNa ke Upara abhiyAna kiyaa| taraha-taraha ke raNa-vAdya baja uThe / Dau~ Dau~-Dau~ Damaru zabda, taraDaka-taraDaka nAda, dhummuka-dhummuka tAla, -ru-ruM kala-kala, takkisatakkisa manohara svara, duNikiri-durigakiri vAdya aura gegga du-geggadu-ghAta ityAdi aneka bhedasaMghAtoM se yukta tUrya baja utthe| Dau~-Dau~-uu~-Dau~-Damarupra-saddehiM / taraDaka-taraDaka - taraDaka-par3he hi // dhummuku-dhummaku - dhummaku tAle hiM / 5-3-ruMjaMta vamAle hi~ // takkisa-takkisa-sare hi maraNojje hiN| duNikiTi-duriNakiTi-tharimadi vajje hiN|| geggadu - geggadu . geggadu-ghAeNhiM / eyANeya - bheya saMghAeNhiM / / 56.1.8-11 aise aneka udAharaNa svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / 3. sparza biMba sparza saMvedanA proM ke aMtargata zItalatA, dAhakatA, kaThoratA, cikkaNatA tathA rukSatA prAdi pAtI haiN|

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80 apabhraMza bhAratI sItA rAma se jala mAMgatI hai jo hima-zItala aura zazi kI taraha nirmala ho / jalu kahi mi gavesaho riNammalau / jaM tisa-haru hima-sasi sIyalau / ___27.12.3 sItA mAlatI-mAlA kI taraha komala hAthoM se rAma kA AliMgana karatI hai| jaM prAliMgai valaya - saNAhahi~ / mAlai - mAlA - komala vAhahi~ // 38.4.5 dadhimukha nagara meM eka bhI sarovara sUkhA nahIM thA mAno ve para-duHkha-kAtaratA se zItala the| jahiM Na kayAvi talAyaI sukkaI / NaM soyalai~ suThTha para-dukkhai~ // 47.1.4 isI prakAra dAhakatA evaM kaThoratA kI saMvedanAtmaka anubhatiyoM se saMbaMdhita bika svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / 4. prAsvAdya biba svayaMbhU ne prAsvAdya biMba adhika nahIM diye haiM / ye prAyaH vacanoM kI tiktatA, kSAra yA madhuratA ke vyaMjaka banakara Aye haiM / kahIM para svaccha sapheda namaka rakhA thA jo khala aura duSTa manuSyoM ke vacanoM kI taraha atyanta khArA thA / katthai lavaNa riNammala taarii| khala-dujjaNa-vayaNa iva su-khArai~ // 45.12.11 laMkAsuMdarI ke mukharUpI kuhara se kar3avI bAteM nikalane lgiiN| muha-kuhara-viNiggaya-kaDuna vAya / 48.8.7 bhojana kI madhuratA ke bAre meM kavi kahatA hai ki jo bhI use khAtA vaha jinavara ve vacanoM kI bhAMti madhuratama mAlUma hotA thaa| jahiM jeM laijjai tahiM jeM tAhi guliyArau jiNavara-vayaNa jiha / 50.11.14 vajrakarNa bhojana lekara rAma ke pAsa pahuMcatA hai / vaha Ikha-vana kI taraha madhura rasa se bharA thA, udyAna kI taraha atyaMta sugaMdhita / / bahuviha-khaNDa-payAre hi~ vaDDhiu / ucchu -vaNaM piva muha rasiyaDDhiu / ujjAraNaM piva suTTa supraMdhau / "...." 25.11.4-5

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apabhraMza bhAratI 5. ghrANabiMba * gaMdha se saMbaMdhita ine-gine biMba hI svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM milate haiN| zarad Rtu meM pArijAtA kusumoM ke parAga se mizrita sugaMdhita pavana kA jhoMkA aayaa| usa sugaMdhita pavana se bhramara kI taraha AkRSTa hokara kumAra lakSmaNa daudd'e| vaNe tAma suaMdhu vAu aiu / jo pAriyAya-kusumabhahiu / / kaDDhie bhamaru jiha teM vAe~ suThTha suandhe / dhAiu mahumahaNu " ............ 36.2.8-9 nalakUbara kI vadhU uparaMbhA, rAvaNa kA parokSa meM yaza sunakara usI prakAra Asakta ho uThatI hai jisa prakAra madhukarI kusumagaMdha se vazIbhUta hokara / aNurakta parokkhae je jase Na / jiha mahuari kusuma-gaMdha-vaseNa / / 15.11.6 svayaMbhU kI dRzya evaM zravaNa saMvedanA atyaMta tIvra hai| sparza saMvedanA meM bhI sUkSmatA hai, kiMtu rasa evaM brANa saMvedanA sAmAnya hai / prakRtiparaka biMboM ko pATha vargoM meM bAMTA jA sakatA hai / 1. jalIya biMba ye biMba samudra, nadI, sarovara, jalIya puSpa kamala, jala-taraMga Adi se saMbaMdhita haiM / jalIya biMboM meM svayaMbhU ne sAgara saMbaMdhI biMboM kA sarvAdhika prayoga kiyA hai| saMsArarUpI samudra kI carcA svayaMbhU ne bAra-bAra kI hai / senA kA varNana karate samaya kavi samudra-biMba kA upayoga karatA hai| rAma aura lakSmaNa senA ke sAtha aise cala par3e mAno jalacaroM se bharA huA mahAsamudra hI uchala par3A ho / zatru ko kSubdha karanevAlI aAnaMda kI bherI baja uThI, mAno samudra hI apanI taraMga-dhvani se garaja par3A ho| NA mahA samuddu, jalayara-raud, utthalliu / / diNNANaMda - bheri paDivakkha kheri, khara-vajjiya // NaM mayarahara vela, kallolavolaM, galagajjiya // 40.16.2-3 lakSmaNa ne sAmane zatru-senArUpI bhayaMkara samudra ko uchalate hue dekhA / senA kA prAvarta hI usakA garajanA thA, hathiyArarUpI jala aura tuSAra-kaNa chor3atA hamA, U~ce U~ce azvoM kI laharoM se prAkula, madamAte hAthiyoM ke jhuMDarUpI taToM se vyApta, Upara uThe hue sapheda chatroM ke phena se ujjvala aura dhvajArUpI taraMgoM se caMcala aura jalacaroM se sahita thaa| ............"palaya-samuddu NAI utthalliu // seNAvatta nitu gajjaMtau / paharaNa-toya-tusAra-muaMtau // taMga-turaMga-taraMga samAulu / matta-mahAgaya - ghaDa velAulu / /

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82 apabhraMza bhAratI - ubhiy-dhvl-chtt-phennujjlu| ghaya kallola-calaMta mahAvalu // riu-samudu jaM diTTa bhayaMkaru......." 25.16.2-5 ciMtA, vyAkulatA tathA utsAha kI abhivyakti meM kavi ne sAgara kA biMba prastuta kiyA hai| jaise citA-sAyareM paDiyaeNNa jaM mArui ladhu taraNDau / / 45.13.10 khohiu sAyaro va laMkA-ragayarI jAyA smaaulaa| 51.12.1 jalahi va utthalla / 51.11.9 vela. samudahoM jiha utyalliya / 49.20.5 mahi laMgheppiNu mayaraharu prAyAsahoM NaM utthalliyau / 11.8.9 kaikeyI-svayaMvara kA varNana karate hae kavi jalIya-biMba kA upayoga karatA hai / jisa prakAra samudra kI mahAzrI ke sammukha nadiyoM ke nAnA pravAha pAte haiM usI prakAra usake svayaMvara meM aneka rAjA paae| pAi~ samuda-mahAsirihe thiya jalavAhiriNa-pavAha samuha / 21.2.10 dazaratha ke cAra putra bhUmaMDala ke lie cAra mahAsamudra the pAi~ mahA-samudva mahi - bhaayhoN| 21.5.1 bharata ko rAma vanagamana kA samAcAra milatA hai to ve turaMta mUchita ho jAte haiM / saba loga aise kAtara ho uThate haiM mAno pralaya kI Aga se saMtapta hokara samudra hI garaja uThA ho palayANala-saMtuttu rasevi laggu Na sAyaru / 24.6.9 samudra-saMbaMdhI asaMkhya biMboM kA svayaMbhU ne apane kAvya meM upayoga kiyA hai / samudra ke sAtha hI nadI-saMbaMdhI biba bhI haiN| nadiyoM kA sAgara kI ora umar3akara pAnA bhI biMbavidhAyaka hai| valaya (pAvarta aura cUr3I) se aMkita, godAvarI nadI mAno dharatIrUpI nava-vadhu kI kulaputrI ho jo apane priya samudra ke Age muktAhAra liye apanA dAyAM hAtha pasAra rahI thii| pheNAvali - baMkiya valayAlaMkiya NaM mahi - kulavaharaNamahe tariNaya / jalaNihi - bhattArahoM mottiya-hArahoM vAha pasAriya vAhiriNaya // 31.3.8 svayaMbhU ne gaMgA, godAvarI aura narmadA nadI ke biMba prastuta kiye haiN| jIvana kI nazvaratA, lakSmI (saMpatti) kI caMcalatA, yauvana kI asthiratA ko vyaMjita karane ke lie bhI jalIya biMba prayukta hue haiN|

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apabhraMza bhAratI jala-bindu jema jIviu pra-thiru / / saMpatti samuddha-taraMga Niha / siya caMcala java giri-i-pavAda- sarisu / vijjula - leha jiha // ..... 54.5.5-7 jalIya puSpa kamala kA adhikAMza prayoga upamAna aura rUpaka ke rUpa meM hI huA hai / lakSmaNa ne khara kA sira-kamala tor3akara pheMka diyA / kopAgni usakI mRNAla thI / yuddha se kaTakaTAte usake dAMta parAga the aura adhara patte / kovAraNala - khAlau kaTi-kaNTAlau dasaNa-sakesaru prahara-dalu / mahamahaNa-saMragrge prasi Naharagge khuNTe vi ghattiu sira kamalu / / 40.9.11 rAvaNa ke aMtaHpura ke varNana meM bhramara-kamala ke biMba kA prayoga huA hai NaM sa bhamaru mANasa saravare kamaliNi-vaNu papphulliyau / 49.11.10 aThAraha hajAra yuvatiyA~ Akara sItAdevI se isa taraha milIM mAno sauMdarya ke sarovara meM kamala hI khila gaye hoM / NaM saravareM siyahe sipAi~ sayavattai~ papphulliyai~ / 49.12.8 svayaMbhU ke jalIya biMba prabhAva - sAmya tathA guNa - sAmya para AdhArita haiM / ye biMbavi kI nirIkSaNa kSamatA evaM biMba nirmANa sAmarthya ke pramANa haiM / 2. AkAzIya biMba 83 svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM AkAzIya biMboM kA atyadhika prayoga huA hai / isake aMtargata sUrya aura caMdra saMbaMdhI biMba adhika haiM / inake atirikta rAhu, maMgala aura zani ke biMba bhI pAye jAte haiM / ghana, bijalI aura nakSatroM se bhI kavi ne biba-nirmANa kiyA hai / vimAna meM baiThA huA hanumAna aisA jAna par3atA thA mAno AkAza meM rathasahita sUrya hI jA rahA ho, usakA vimAna maNi-kiraNoM kI kAMti se camaka rahA thA, vaha nizA-caMdra ke samAna caMdrakAMta maNiyoM se jar3A huA thA / maNi maUha sacchAe~ / NiccaM deva- Nimmie / caMda kaMti khacie / rayaNI caMde va riNammie / 46.1.1 pasarai sukaiheM kavvu jiha pasaraha meha-viMdu gayarAMgaNeM rAma aura lakSmaNa sItAdevI ke sAtha vaTavRkSa ke nIce baiThe haiM / taba bhI sukavi ke kAvya kI taraha AkAza meM meghajAla phailane lagA jaise caMdramA kI cAMdanI phailatI hai, jaise sUrya kI kiraNeM phailatI haiM, vaise hI AkAza meM meghajAla phailane lagA / aisA pratIta ho rahA thA mAno pAvasa rAjA yaza kI kAmanA se megha mahAgaja para baiThakara, iMdradhanuSa hAtha meM lekara grISma narAdhipa para car3hAI karane ke lie sannaddha ho rahA ho / meha-jAlu gayaNAMgaNe tAvehi~ / 0000........**

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84 apabhraMza bhAratI pasaraha jema joha mayavAhaho / .. .. . . ."pasarai jema rAsi gahe suurhoN| amara - mahAdhaNu - gahiya - kara meha - gaiMdeM caDevi jasa - luddhau // uppari - gimbha - raNarAhivahA~ pAusa - rAu NAI saNNaddhau // 28.1 bAra-bAra bar3hatI huI bhayaMkara caMdranakhA aisI lagatI thI mAno bAdalarUpI dahI ko matha rahI ho, yA tArArUpI saikar3oM bubuda bikhara gaye hoM, yA zazirUpI navanIta kA piMDa lekara graharUpI bacce kA pIchA lagAne ke lie daur3a par3I ho / mAno vaha AkAzarUpI zilA ko uThA rahI thI yA rAma aura lakSmaNa rUpI motiyoM ke lie dharatI aura prAsamAnarUpI sIpI ko eka kSaNa meM tor3anA cAhatI thii| NaM ghusalai anbha ciriDDihillu / tArA-vunvuva-saya viDDirillu / sasi-loNiya-piNDau levi dhAi / gaha-DimbhahoM pohau dei gaaiN|| ............"NaM gahayala-sila gehai sireNa // NaM haribala-mottiya-kAraNeNa / mahi-gayaNa-sippi phoDai kharaNeNa / / 37.1.4-7 hanumAna sItA se kahatA hai-"tumhAre viyoga meM rAma kSayakAla ke iMdu kI taraha hrAsonmukha ho rahe haiM / ve dasamI ke iMdu kI taraha atyaMta durbala aura azakta zarIra haiN|" iMdu va cavaNa-kAle lhasiu dasamiheM prAgamaNe jema jalahi / khAma-khAmu parijhoNa-taNu tiha tumha viproe dAsarahi // 50.1.10 svayaMbhU ke AkAzIya biMboM meM upAdAnoM kI vividhatA hI nahIM, prayoga kI bahulatA bhI hai| 3. pArthiva biMba AkAzIya tathA jalIya biboM kI bhAMti pArthiva biba prastuta karane meM bhI svayaMbhU saphala hue haiM / pArthiva biMboM ke aMtargata unhoMne vizeSa rUpa se parvatoM, vanoM, vRkSoM, puSpoM aura phaloM ke biMba prastuta kiye haiN| trikUTa nAmaka pahAr3a aisA dIkha par3atA hai mAno sUryarUpI bAlaka ke lie dharatIrUpI kulavadhU apanA stana de rahI ho| giri dilR tikUDu jaNa * maraNa - NayaNa - suhAvaNau / ravi DimbhahoM diNNu NaM mahi * kulavahuaeM thaNau / / 42.8.9 nAnA prakAra kI vRkSamAlAeM kavi ko aisI lagatI haiM mAno dharArUpI vadhU kI romarAjI ho| kattha vi NANAviha-rukkha-rAi / NaM mahikulabahuahe roma-rAi // 36.1.8 darabArarUpI vana zatrurUpI vRkSoM se saghana, siMhAsanarUpI pahAr3oM se maNDita aura praur3ha vilAsinIrUpI latAoM se pracura, anantavIryarUpI belaphala se yukta, aura ativIrarUpI siMhoM se yukta thaa|

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apabhraMza bhAratI paTha ritthANa-baNe riu rukkha-ghaNe siMhAsana- girivara maNDieN // poDha - vilAsiri-laya-vahale vara-vellahale i-vIra-soha - paricaDi DaeN / / 30.5.8 iMdrajIta apanI patnI se kahatA hai ki vaha rAghava ke sainika vana meM pralaya kI Aga banegA / usa vana meM manuSyoM ke per3a hoMge jo bhujadaMDoM kI zAkhAe~ dhAraNa karate haiM, jo hatheliyoM aura uMgaliyoM ke kusumoM se pUrita haiM, suMdara striyoM kI latAnoM aura bilvaphaloM se yukta haiM / chatra aura dhvajAeM jisameM rUkhe per3a haiM, azva aura gaja taraha-taraha ke vanacara haiM aura jisameM zatrunoM ke prANarUpI paMchI ur3a rahe haiM, trasta azvarUpI hariNa jisameM haiM aura jo rAma evaM lakSmaNa rUpI zikharoM se yukta haiM / "duddhara-raNa ravara-taruvara - piyare // bhuvakhaMDa- caMDa-jAloli dhare / karayala pallava Naha - kusuma bhareM // maNahara- kAmiriNa - laya- vellahale / chatta-dvaya- sukka-rukkha bahale / / haya-gaya-varaNayara-ragANA vihaeN / riu pAraNa-sumuDDAviya-vihaeN // uttaTTha- turaMgama - hariNa hare / hari halahara - vara-pavvaya sihareM / / 85 - 62.11.4-8 adhikatA, vizAlatA evaM dRr3hatA vyaMjita karane ke lie kavi ne bAra-bAra pahAr3a kA biMba khar3A kiyA hai / 4. vAyavya biba vAyu ke biMba bhI svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM milate haiM / grISma kA aMta kavi ko kaisA lagatA hai, dekhie - havA meM hilate Dulate lAla koMpalavAle vRkSa mAno isa bAta kI ghoSaNA kara rahe the ki grISma rAjA kA vadha kisane kara diyA / rattapatta taru pavaNAkaMpiya / 'keNa vi vahiu gimbhu' gaM jaMpiya / 28.3.8 rAma ke bhISaNa cApa- zabda ko sunakara vidyA usI taraha thara-thara kAMpa uThI jaise havA se kele kA pattA / taM bhIsaNu cAvasa-suNevi keli va vAeM tharahariya | 43.17.9 rAjA maheMdra ke lakuTidaMDa ke prahAra se hanumAna usI prakAra gira par3A jisa prakAra durvAta se vRkSa gira par3atA hai / teNa lauDi- daNDAhidhAe~NaM / taruvaro vva pADiu buvAeNNaM / / 46.8.2 viparIta havA meM ur3atA huA dhvaja-samUha dUra se aisA zobhita ho rahA thA mAno rAma aura lakSmaNa ke Ane para rAvaNa kA mana hI DagamagA rahA ho / dhaya-vihu pavaNa - paDikUlau dUratthehiM vihAviyau / lakkhara - rAmAyaNe reMga rAmaraNa- maNu DollAviyau / / 56.14.9 uparyukta biMboM dvArA kavi ne suMdara citra prastuta kiye haiM /

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86 apabhraMza bhAratI 5. taijasa biba taijasa athavA agnisaMbaMdhI biMboM kA prayoga svayaMbhU ne adhika nahIM kiyA hai / krodha ke bhAva kI abhivyakti meM kavi ne agni ke biMba kA prayoga kiyA hai / zatru-senA kI bAteM sunakara lakSmaNa pradIpta ho uThatA hai, mAno ghI par3ane se prAga bhar3aka uThI ho| ___ taM vayaNa suraNeppiNa hari palittu / uddhAiu sihi raNaM ghieNa sitta // 29.9.2 hanumAna dvArA udyAna ke ujAr3a dene kI bAta sunakara rAvaNa krodhita hotA hai mAno kisI ne Aga meM ghI DAla diyA ho / taM riNasuNeppiNa dahavayaNu kuviu davaggi va sittu ghienn| 51.9.10 vIroM ke yuddhotsAha kI abhivyaMjanA meM kavi svayaMbhU ne bAra-bAra pralayAgni kA biMba khar3A kiyA hai| 6. Rtu evaM kAla saMbaMdhI biba RtuoM meM prAya: sabhI RtuoM ke biMba svayaMbhU ne prastuta kiye haiN| phAlguna kA mahInA bIta cukA thA aura vasaMta rAjA koyala ke kalakala maMgala ke sAtha AnaMdapUrvaka praveza kara rahe the / bhramararUpI baMdIjana maMgalapATha par3ha rahe the aura morarUpI kubja vAmana nAca rahe the / isa taraha aneka prakAra ke hilate-Dulate toraNa-dvAroM ke sAtha vasaMta rAjA A pahuMcA / kahIM Ama ke per3oM meM naye kisalaya phala-phUloM se lada rahe the / kahIM kAMtirahita / pahAr3oM ke zikhara kAle raMgavAle duSTa mukhoM kI taraha dikhAI de rahe the / kahIM vaizAkha mAha kI garmI se sUkhI huI dharatI aisI jAna par3atI thI mAno priya-viyoga se pIr3ita kAminI ho / .............................'phagguNa-mAsu pavoliu tAve hiN|| paiThu vasaMtu-rAu pAraNaMdeM / koilu - kalayala - maMgala-sadeM // ali-mihuNe hi vaMviNe hi par3hatehiM / varahiNa-vAvaNe hi paccaMtehiM / / aMdolA - saya - toraNa - vArahiM / Dhukku vasaMtu aNeya-payAre hi // katthai cUma - varaNa pallaviyai~ / nnv-kisly-phl-phullnbhhiyiN|| katthai giri sirahai~ vicchAyaI / khala muhaI va masi-vaNNaiM gAyaI // katthai mAhava mAsahoM meiriNa / piya-viraheNa va sUsai kAmiriNa // 26.5.1-7 pAvasa aura grISma kA yaha biMba dekhie jaba pAvasa rAjA ne garjanA kI to grISma rAjA ne dhUli kA vega chor3A, vaha jAkara megha-samUha se cipaTa gayA / parantu pAvasa rAjA ne bijalI kI talavAroM ke prahAra se use bhagA diyaa| jaba vaha dhUlivega (bavaMDara) ulaTe muMha lauTa AyA to grISma-vega punaH uThA / dhagadhagAtA aura hasa-hasa karatA huA vaha vahA~ pahuMcakara jala-jala kara pradIpta ho uThA / usase cinagAriyA~

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apabhraMza bhAratI chUTane lagIM / usane dhUmAvali ke dhvajadaMDa ukhAr3akara tUphAna kI talavAra se jhar3ajhar3a kara prahAra karanA prArambha kara diyA / taruvararUpI zatru- samUha bhagna hone lage / meghaghaTA vighaTita ho uThI / isa prakAra grISma rAjA pAvasa rAjA se bhir3a gyaa| taba pAvasa ne bijalI kI TaMkAra karake indradhanuSa para DorI car3hA lI / jaladhara kI gajaghaTA ko prerita kiyA aura bUMdoM ke tIroM kI bauchAra zurU kara dI / 87 jaM pAusa radu galagajjiu / dhUlI-rau gimbheNa visajjiu || gaNui meha - vide zrAlaggau / taDi karavAla - pahAre hi bhaggau / / jaM vivarammuhu-caliu visAlau / uTThau 'haNu' bharaNaMtu uNhAlau || dhagadhaga - dhagadhagaMtu udghAiu / hasa hasa hasa hasaMtu saMpAi // jalajalajalajalajala pacalaMtau / jAvAvali phuliMga mellaMtau // dhUmAvali - ghayadaMDunbheSpiNu / vara- vAulli - khaggu kaDDhepiNu || jhaDajhaDa jhaDajhaDaMtu paharaMtau / taruvara - riu bhaDa thaDa bhajjaMtau // meha - mahAgaya ghaDa vihaDaMtau / jaM uNhAlau viThu bhir3aMtau // dhaNu apphA liu pAuseNa taDi - TaMkAra-phAra darisaMteM I coeNvi jalahara - hatthi haDa gIra-sarAsariga mukka turaMteM // 28.2 RtusaMbaMdhI aise aneka suMdara biMba svayaMbhU ne apane kAvya meM diye haiM / prAtaHkAla, saMdhyA tathA rAtri ke manohara biMba bhI svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / sUryAsta hone para Arakta saMdhyA kavi ko aisI dikhAI par3atI hai mAno siMdUra se alaMkRta gajaghaTA ho yA vIra ke rakta-mAMsa se lipaTI huI nizAcarI AnaMda se nAca rahI ho / saMdhyA bIta gaI aura rAta prAyI mAno usane sote hue mahAn vizva ko lIla liyA ho / kahIM para saikar3oM jalate hue dIpaka zeSanAga ke phaNamaNiyoM kI taraha camaka rahe the / jAi saMbha prArata padasiya / gaM gaya- ghaDa siMdUra - vihUsiya // sUra- maMsa ruhirAli - cacciya / gisiyari vva zrANaMdu paraNacciya // galiya saMjha puNu rayariga parAiya / jagu gilei NaM sutta mahAiya // kahi mi divva dIvaya-saya vohiya / phaNi-maNivva pajalaMta su-sohiya // 23.9 2-5 prAtaHkAla kA yaha biMba dekhie cAroM ora suMdara saverA phaila gayA nigala liyA thA usane aba use ugala diyA / pisi - Nisirie zrAsi jaM giliyau / NAI paDIvau jau uggiliyau | 1 rAtarUpI nizAcarI ne jisa sUraja ko pahale 23.12.6 rAta ko kavi ne nizAcarI ke rUpa meM citrita kiyA hai / nizArUpI nizAcarI cAroM ora daur3a par3I / dharatI-prAkAza saba kucha usane lIla liyA / graha, nakSatra usake laMbe

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grapabhraMza bhAratI nukIle dA~ta the, samudra jIbha, parvata bhayaMkara dAr3ha, megha netra aura caMdramA usa nizA nizAcarI kA tilaka thA / 88 sa- Nisiyara vasa disaha padhAiya / mahi gayaNoTTha Dasevi saMpAiya // gaha-Nakkhatta-daMta udaMtura uvahi-jIha- giri dAr3hA bhAsura 11 ghara - loyara sasi tilaya - vihUsiya / 1 7. mAnavetara - prAraNI-biMba prAkRtika biMboM ke atirikta svayaMbhU ne aneka mAnavetara prANiyoM ke bhI biMba-yojanA kI hai / unhoMne pazu-pakSiyoM ke sudaMra citra sarvAdhika biba hAthI aura siMha ke haiM / kahIM hAthI aura siMha ke rUpa / do vIroM ke saMgharSa meM prAyaH hAthI aura siMha kA yugmabiMba prastuta kiyA gayA hai / / 26.19.3-5 / gulugulaMtu halahei mahaggau seya- pavAha- galiya gaNDatthalu picchAvali praliula-parimAliu / vitthiya vANa visANa bhayaMkaru / garajatA huzrA rAmarUpI mahAgaja, usa vizAla vRkSa kI giri-kaMdarA se nikala AyA / do tUNIra hI usakA vipula kuMbhasthala thA / puMkhAvalIrUpI bhramaramAlA se vaha vyApta ho rahA thA / karadhanI kI ghaMTiyoM se jhaMkRta ho rahA thA / vizAla vANoM rUpI dA~toM se vaha bhayaMkara thA / sthUla aura laMbe bAhu hI usakI vizAla sUMDa thI / prastuta kiye haiN| yugmarUpa haiM to kahIM svataMtra taruvara- giri-kaMdarahI~ viNiggau kuMbhatthalu toraNA - juyala - viula fokiNi gejjA - mAlomAliu thora palamva vAhu-lamviya karu AdhAra para pazuoMoM meM 11 11 bho surakari-kara-saMkAsa bhuzra veDhijjai jIu moha maeNhi / paMcANaNu jema matta gae~hi // 11 11 26.13.1-4 caMdranakhA kI dazA dekhakara khara usI taraha bhar3aka uThatA hai jisa taraha gaja kI gaMdha pAkara siMha bhar3aka uThatA hai / kesari mayagala-gaMdha-luddhu / / 37.7.7 hanumAna rAvaNa se kahatA hai- "are, airAvata kI sUMDa kI taraha pracaMDa bAhu. yaha jIva, moha mada se vaise hI ghera liyA jAtA hai jaise matta gaja siMha ko ghera letA hai / 54.12.2-3 siMha aura mRga kA biMba bhI svayaMbhU ke lie priya hai jisakA prayoga ve bAra-bAra karate haiM / khara-dUSaNa rAma aura lakSmaNa se usI prakAra bhir3e jisa prakAra hariNoM kA jhuMDa siMha se bhir3atA hai / bhiDiya rAma-lakkhaNAha~ / jiha kuraMga vAraNAha~ / / 45.9.10

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apabhraMza bhAratI hanumAna vinayapUrvaka zrIrAma se kahatA hai ki usakI ginatI sugrIva jaise subhaToM meM vaisI hI hai jaisI siMhoM ke bIca meM kuraMga kI / tahi hau kavaNu gahaNu kira kehau / sIhahuM majbhe kuraMgamu jehau // 45.14.7 89 caMdranakhA lakSmaNa kI talavAra sUryahAsa ko dekhakara vaise hI ekadama trasta ho uThI mAno vyAdha ke tIroM se grAhata kuraMgI ho / lakkhaNa-khaggu Nievi paragaTThI / haririNa va vAha-silImuha-taTThI // 50.3.8 kahIM-kahIM baMdara, baila, sUara, kuttA prAdi prAriNa-biMba bhI svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM milate haiM / pakSiyoM meM vizeSa rUpa se mayUra kA biba svayaMbhU dvArA prayukta huA hai / hanumAna ke prAnaMdaghoSa ko sunakara senA meM zrAnaMda chA gayA, mAno megha ke garajane para mayUra saMtuSTa ho uThA ho / gajjaeN gaM parituTTha sihi / 45.11.7 pazu-pakSiyoM ke atirikta jaMtunoM ke biMba bhI svayaMbhU ne vyavahRta kiye haiM jinameM sarvAdhika prayoga sarpa kA huA hai / rAta meM jalate hue dIpaka zeSanAga ke phaNa maNiyoM kI taraha camaka rahe the / kahi mi divva dIvaya-saya vohiya / phariNa mariNazva pajalaMta-su-sohiya / 23.9.5 nalakUbara kA kumAra apanA kavaca usI prakAra utAra detA hai jisa prakAra sAMpa apanI keMculI ko / ras kaMcu mukku bhunaMge / 26.17.8 caMdranakhA kI laMbI kezarAzi kaTibhAga taka aisI phailI thI mAno sarpasamUha caMdanalatA se lipaTa gaye hoM / raNaM caMdaraNa - layaheM bhunaMga lagga / 37.3.2 sarpa -biMba kA prayoga kavi ne bAra-bAra kiyA hai / uparyukta biMboM ke atirikta svayaMbhU ne kucha aise biMboM kA upayoga kiyA hai jo unake anubhavoM kI vyApakatA evaM pratibhA kI bahumukhI grahaNazIlatA kA paricaya dete haiM / vistAra se bodha ke lie svayaMbhU bAra-bAra sukavi ke kAvya kA biba prastuta karate hai / tahi paTTaNe bahu-uvamaha~ bhariyae~ NaM jage sukai-kabve vitthariyae / 47.1.12

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90 apabhraMza bhAratI sukavi kI rasavardhita kathA kI bhAMti ve tInoM kanyAeM dina-dUnI rAta caugunI bar3hane lgiiN| tiNNi vi kaNNau parivaDhiDhayau / NaM sukkai-kahau rasa-vaDhiyau / 47.2.4 sItA ke lie saMdeza bhejate hue rAma kahate haiM tumhAre viyoga meM usI taraha kSINa ho gayA hUM jisa taraha cugalakhoroM kI bAtoM se sajjana puruSa, .............manuSyoM se vajita supaMtha kSINa ho jAtA hai / ......................."jhoraNa su-purisu va pisuNAlAve // ......... jhoNu supaMtha va jaNa-paricattau / ......" 45.15 Aga usI prakAra bhar3aka uThI jisa prakAra duSTajanoM ke vacana / nirdhana ke zarIra meM jaise kleza phailane lagatA hai, vaise hI Aga phailane lagI / dhagadhagamANu....................."gAi khala-jaNa-bau // ......"pAi~ kilesu NihIraNa-sarIraho // 47.5,6 nizAcarI ke tIra, gadA,prazani, zilA sabhI usI prakAra asaphala hue jisa prakAra kRSaka ke ghara se yAcaka asaphala lauTa jAte haiM / taM sayalu vi jAi Niratthu kiha ghare kiviNahoM takkuva-vindu jih| 48.12.9 pArivArika kSetra ke bhI kaI biMba svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM pAye jAte haiM / sItA rAma se kahatI hai- "tuma zIghra nahIM lauToge, kyA patA kahIM tuma yuddharUpI sasurAla meM camaka-damakavAlI kIrti-vadhu se vivAha na kara lo|" mai melle vi bhAsurae~ raNa-sAsurae mA kitti-bahubha pariNesahi / / 30.3.9 prAdhyAtmika kSetra ke biMba ke bhI kaI udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM / kavi kI kalpanA hai ki yatiyoM ko dekhakara mAno vRkSa zrAvakoM kI bhAMti nata ho gaye / bhayabhIta-harina isa prakAra khar3e the mAno saMsAra se bhIta saMnyAsI hI hoM / nArI saMbaMdhI biba ke udAharaNa racanA aura prAkAra-prakAra meM vaha nagarI nArI kI taraha pratIta hotI thI / laMbe-laMbe patha usake paira the / phUloM ke hI usake vastra aura alaMkAra the| khAI kI taraMgita trivalI se vibhUSita thii| usake gopura stanoM ke agrabhAga kI taraha jAna par3ate the, vizAla udyAnoM ke romoM se pulakita aura saikar3oM vIravadhUTiyoM ke kezara se aciMta thIM / pahAr3a aura saritAeM mAno usa nagarI rUpI nArI kI phailI huI bhujAeM thiiN| jala aura phenAvali usakI cUr3iyA~ aura nAbhi thiiN| sarovara netra the, megha kAjala the aura iMdradhanuSa bhauheM / mAno vaha nagarIrUpI nava-vadhU caMdramA kA tilaka lagA kara dinakararUpI darpaNa meM mukha dekha rahI thii|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 91 ..................."NaM NAriheM aNuhariya riNamroeM // dIhara-paMtha-pasAriya calaNI / kusuma-riNayattha-vastha sAharaNI // khAiya-tivali-taraMga-vihUsiya / goura-tharaNahara-sihara-padIsiya // viulArAma-roma-romAMciya / iMdagova-saya kuMkuma-aMciya // girivr-sriy-psaariy-vaahii| jala-pheraNAvali-valaya-saNAhI // saravara-raNayaraNa-gharAMjaNa-praMjiya / suradhaNu bhauha padIsiya paMjiya // deula-vayaNa-kamalu variseppiNu / vara-mayalaJcharaNa-tilau chuheppiNu // NaoNi NihAlai diraNayara-dappaNa / ema viNimmau sayalu vi paTTaNa // 28.5. 1-8 paurANika biMboM meM samudra-maMthana kA biMba svayaMbhU ne bAra bAra prastuta kiyA hai / svayaMbhU ke kAvya meM prayukta biMboM kA vivecana karane para spaSTa hai ki svayaMbhU kA bibacayana kSetra atyaMta vyApaka hai| ve vizAla brahmANDa ke vividha kSetroM se biMboM kA cayana karate hai| inameM eka ora paramparAgata biMboM kA grahaNa hai, dUsarI ora svAnubhUti kI jhAMkI / paumacariu, svayaMbhU, saM.-DaoN. eca. sI. bhayANI, pra.-bhAratIya jJAnapITha, bhAga 1 (tRtIya saMskaraNa 1975) bhAga 2 (prathama saMskaraNa 1958) bhAga 3 (prathama saMskaraNa 1958) bhAga 4 (prathama saMskaraNa 1969) bhAga 5 (prathama saMskaraNa 1970) '

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vizvAsa karo jo Naravai ai sammANa karu, so pattiya attha-samattha haru / jo hoi uvAyaNe vacchalau, so pattiya visaharu kevalau / jo mitta prakAraNeM ei gharu, so pattiya duThTha kalatta-haru / jo panthiya liya-saNehiyau, so pattiya coru praNehiyau / jo garu atthakae~ lalli-karu, so sattu Niruttau jIva-haru / jA kulavahu savahe hi vavaharai, sA pattiya viruya-saya kri| bhAvArtha-jo rAjA prati sammAna dikhAtA hai, vizvAsa karo ki vaha dhana aura zakti kA haraNa karanevAlA hotA hai / jo adhika upahAra dene meM ruci dikhAtA hai, vizvAra karo ki vaha viSadhara hai / jo mitra akAraNa hI ghara AtA hai, vizvAsa karo ki vaha ghara ke zAnti kA haraNa karanevAlA hai| jo rAhagIra adhika prema kA dikhAvA karatA hai, vizvAsa karo ki vaha snehahIna, cora hai / jo hamezA cApalUsI karatA hai, vaha nizcaya hI prANoM ka haraNa karanevAlA zatru hai / jo kulavadhU zapathoM (saugandhoM) ke mAdhyama se vyavahAra karatI hai vizvAsa karo vaha aneka virUpatAeM karanevAlI hai| paumacarita 36.12

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apabhraMza racanA saurabha -DaoN. kamalacanda sogAnI utthAnikA apabhraMza eka ati prAcIna loka-bhASA hai| isakA vipula sAhitya Aja bhI vartamAna hai / prAntIya bhASAeM aura rASTra-bhASA hindI isI ke vikasita rUpa haiM / ataH isa bhASA kA sIkhanA-sikhAnA kaI dRSTiyoM se bahuta hI mahattvapUrNa hai| isI bAta ko dhyAna meM rakhakara 'apabhraMza racanA saurabha' nAmaka pustaka kI racanA kI gaI hai / usakA kucha aMza 'apabhraMza bhAratI' meM diyA jA rahA hai| isa pustaka ke pAThoM ko eka aise krama meM rakhA gayA hai jisase pAThaka sahaja-sucAru rUpa se apabhraMza bhASA ke vyAkaraNa ko sIkha sakeMge aura apabhraMza meM racanA karane kA abhyAsa bhI kara skeNge| apabhraMza meM vAkya-racanA karane se hI apabhraMza kA vyAkaraNa sikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| yahAM dhyAna dene yogya hai ki hemacandrAcArya ke apabhraMza vyAkaraNa ke sUtroM kA AdhAra isa prastuta pustaka ke pAThoM meM liyA gayA hai / anya rUpa jo apabhraMza sAhitya meM prayukta hue haiM unako 'apabhraMza racanA saurabha' ke dUsare khaNDa meM diyA jaayegaa| vyAkaraNa ke jo pakSa isameM chUTa gaye haiM unako bhI dUsare khaNDa meM hI diyA jaayegaa| pAThakoM ke sujhAva mere bahuta kAma ke hoNge|

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94 apabhraMza bhAratI ragacca-nAcanA jagga=jAganA pATha 1 hara=maiM kriyAe~ hasa ha~sanA, saya sonA, rUsa rUsanA, lukka chipanA, jIva=jInA, vartamAnakAla hauM hasauM/hasami/hasAmi/hasemi hara sayauM/sayami/sayAmi/sayemi Nacca/NaccamiNaccAmiNaccemi rUsa/rUsami/rUsAmi/rUsemi hau~ lukkauM/lukkami/lukkAmi/lukkemi jaggauM/jaggami/jaggAmi/jaggemi hau~ jIva/jIvami/jIvAmi/jIvemi =maiM haMsatA hU~/ ha~satI huuN| =maiM sotA hU~/sotI huuN| =maiM nAcatA hU~/nAcatI huuN| =maiM rUsatA hU~/rUsatI huuN| =maiM chipatA hU~/chipatI huuN| =maiM jAgatA hU~/jAgatI huuN| =maiM jItA hU~/jItI huuN| hauM-maiM, uttama puruSa ekavacana (puruSavAcaka srvnaam)| vartamAnakAla ke uttama puruSa ekavacana meM uM aura mi pratyaya kriyA meM lagate haiM / 'mi' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'pra' kA prA aura e bhI ho jAtA hai| uparyukta sabhI kriyAeM akarmaka haiN| akarmaka kriyA vaha hotI hai jisakA koI karma nahIM hotA aura jisakA prabhAva kartA para hI par3atA hai / 'maiM ha~satA hUM' isameM ha~sane kA prabhAva 'maiM' para hI par3atA hai| isa vAkya meM haMsane kI kriyA kA koI karma nahIM hai| 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiM / inameM kartA harSa ke anusAra kriyAoM ke puruSa maura vacana haiM / yahAM hauM uttama puruSa ekavacana meM hai to kriyAeM bhI uttama puruSa ekavacana meM haiN|

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apabhraMza bhAratI Nacca-nAcanA pATha 2 tuhuM tuma kriyAe~ hasa ha~sanA, saya=sonA, rUsa rUsanA, lukka chipanA, jagga=jAganA jIva jInA vartamAnakAla hasahi/hasasi hasase/hasesi =tuma ha~sate ho/haMsatI ho / sayahi/sayasi/sayase/sayesi =tuma sote ho/sotI ho| gaccahi/Naccasi/Naccase/Naccesi =tuma nAcate ho/nAcatI ho| rUsahi/rUsasi/rUsase rUsesi =tuma rUsate ho/rUsatI ho| lukkahi/lukkasi/lukkase/lukkesi =tuma chipate ho/chipatI ho / jaggahi/jaggasi/jaggase/jaggesi =tuma jAgate ho/jAgatI ho / tuhuM jIvahi/jIvasi/jIvase/jIvesi =tuma jIte ho/jItI ho| . 60. 1. tuhuM=tuma, madhyama puruSa ekavacana (puruSavAcaka srvnaam)| 2. vartamAnakAla ke madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM 'hi', si aura se pratyaya kriyA meM lagate haiM / 'si' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'ma' kA 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai| yadi kriyA ke anta meM 'a' na ho to 'se' pratyaya nahIM lagatA hai / (dekheM pATha 4) 3. . uparyukta sabhI kriyAeM akarmaka haiN| 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN| inameM kartA 'tuhuM' ke anusAra kriyAoM ke puruSa aura vacana haiN| yahAM 'tuhuM' madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM hai, to kriyAeM bhI madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM haiN|

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96 apabhraMza bhAratI pATha 3 so vaha (puruSa), sA=vaha (strI) kriyAe~ hasa-ha~sanA, saya=sonA, ragacca-nAcanA, lukka chipanA, jagga=jAganA, jIva jInA vartamAnakAla rUsa-rUsanA hasaha hasei hasae hasai/hasei/hasae sayaha/sayei/sayae sayai/sayei/sayae gaccai/Nacce i/Naccae gaccaDa/Naccei/Naccae rUsai/rUsei/rUsae rUsai/rUse i/rUsae lukkai/lukke i/lukkae lukkai/lukkeDa/lukkae jaggai/jaggei/jaggae naggai/jaggei/jaggae ___jIvai/jIvei/jIvae jIvai/jIvei/jIvae =vaha ha~satA hai| =vaha haMsatI hai| =vaha sotA hai| =vaha sotI hai / =vaha nAcatA hai| =vaha nAcatI hai| =vaha rUsatA hai| =vaha rUsatI hai| =vaha chipatA hai| vaha chipatI hai| vaha jAgatA hai| =vaha jAgatI hai| =vaha jItA hai| =vaha jItI hai| 1. so-vaha (puruSa), sA=vaha (strI) anya puruSa ekavacana (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. (ka) vartamAnakAla ke anya puruSa ekavacana meM 'i' aura 'e' pratyaya kriyA meM lagate hai / 'i' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'a' kA 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai / (kha) 'e' pratyaya akArAnta kriyAoM meM hI lagatA hai / AkArAnta, prokArAnta, ukArAnta, Adi kriyAnoM meM 'e' pratyaya nahIM lgegaa| ThA=ThaharanA, ho-honA, hu=honA, mAdi kriyAoM meM 'e' pratyaya vartamAnakAla nahIM lgegaa| (dekheM pATha 4) 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiN| 4, uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN|

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apabhraMza bhAratI hauM maiM, kriyAe~ 1. 2. ThA=ThaharanA, ha ha ha tuhuM tuhaM SEEEEEE so sA so sA so tuhu tuma, sA ThAuM / ThAmi hAu / hAmi houM / homi ThAhi ThAsi hAhi / hAsi hohi / hosi ThAi ThAi hAi hAi hoi hoi hauM = maiM, tuhuM = tuma, so vaha ( puruSa ) sA = vaha (strI) pATha 4 so vaha ( puruSa ), vhA = nahAnA, vartamAnakAla sA= vaha (strI) ho = honA = maiM ThaharatA hU~ / ThaharatI hU~ / = maiM nahAtA hU~ / nahAtI hU~ I == maiM hotA hU~ / hotI hU~ | uttama puruSa ekavacana madhyama puruSa ekavacana } 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiM / 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiM / = tuma Thaharate ho / ThaharatI ho / = tuma nahAte ho / nahAtI ho / = tuma hote ho / hotI ho / - anya puruSa ekavacana = vaha ThaharatA hai | = vaha ThaharatI hai / = vaha nahAtA hai / = vaha nahAtI hai / == vaha hotA hai / = vaha hotI hai / 97 puruSa vAcaka sarvanAma ekavacana akArAnta kriyAoM ko chor3akara prAkArAnta, prokArAnta prAdi kriyAoM ke madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM 'se' pratyaya nahIM lagatA hai, tathA isI prakAra anya puruSa ekavacana meM 'e' pratyaya nahIM lagatA hai / ye donoM pratyaya ( se aura e) kevala vartamAnakAla kI akArAnta kriyAtroM meM hI lagate haiM /

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98 amhe amha kriyAe~ 1. 2. - hama donoM / hama saba hasa = ha~sanA, rUsa = rUsanA, jIva = jInA mhe mha he mha he zramhaI prahe pramhaI mhe zramhaI he praha amhe mha he praha pATha 5 saya = sonA, lukka = chipanA, vartamAnakAla > hamahUM / hasamo / hasamu / hasama - sayahUM / saya mo / sayamu / sayama > gaccahUM / gaccamo / Naccamu / Naccama > rUsa hUM / rUsa mo / rUsa mu / rUsama -lukkahuM / lukkamo / lukkamu / lukkama - jaggahuM / jaggamo / jaggamu / jaggama - jIvahUM / jIvamo / jIvamu / jIvama = = = = = apabhraMza bhAratI Nacca = nAcanA jagga= jAganA hama donoM ha~sate haiM / ha~satI haiM / hama saba ha~sate haiM / ha~satI haiM / hama donoM sote haiM / sotI haiM / hama saba sote haiM / sotI haiM / hama donoM nAcate haiM / nAcatI haiM / hama saba nAcate haiM / nAcatI haiM / hama donoM rUsate haiM / rUsatI haiM / hama saba rUsate haiM / rUsatI haiM / hama donoM chipate haiM / chipatI haiM / hama saba chipate haiM / chipatI haiM / hama donoM jAgate haiM/ jAgatI haiM / hama saba jAgate haiM/ jAgatI haiM / hama donoM jIte haiM / jItI haiM / hama saba jIte haiM / jItI haiM / - hama donoM / hama saba, uttama puruSa bahuvacana ( puruSavAcaka sarvanAma ) / vartamAnakAla ke uttama puruSa bahuvacana meM 'huM', mo, mu aura 'ma' pratyaya kriyA meM lagate haiM / 'mo' 'mu' aura 'ma' pratyaya lagane para prakArAnta kriyA ke antya 'ma' kA 'zrA' 'i' prora 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai / ataH hasAmo, hasAmu, hasAma / hasimo, hasimu, hasima / hasemo, hasemu, hasima rUpa aura baneMge / isI prakAra anya prakArAnta kriyAoM ke sAtha bhI samajha lenA cAhie / 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiM / 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiM / yahA~ kartA uttama puruSa bahuvacana meM hai prata: kriyA bhI uttama puruSa bahuvacana kI hI lagI hai /

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apabhraMza bhAratI pATha 6 tumhe =tuma donoM/tuma saba tumhaI kriyAe~ hasa haMsanA, rUsa=rUsanA, jIva-jInA saya=sonA, lukka chipanA, gacca-nAcanA, jagga=jAganA vartamAnakAla tumhe / tuma donoM ha~sate ho/haMsatI ho / tuma saba ha~sate ho/ha~satI ho / tumhaI / hasahu/hasaha/hasitthA tumhe ) sayahu/sayaha/sayitthA tuma donoM sote ho/sotI ho / tuma saba sote ho/sotI ho| tumhaI / tumhe / tumhaiM / paccahu/Naccaha/NaccitthA tuma donoM nAcate ho/nAcatI ho| tuma saba nAcate ho/nAcatI ho / tumhe / rUsahu/rUsaha/rUsitthA Sr ____ tuma donoM rUsate ho/rUsatI ho| tuma saba rUsate ho/rUsatI ho| tumhaI tumhe / lukkahu/lukkaha/lukkitthA tuma donoM chipate ho/chipatI ho / tuma saba chipate ho/chipatI ho| tumhaI tumhe jaggahu/jaggaha/jaggitthA ___ tuma donoM jAgate ho/jAgatI ho / tuma saba jAgate ho/jAgatI ho / tumhii| tumhe / tumhaiM jIvahu/jIvaha/jIvitthA __ tuma donoM jIte ho/jItI ho / tuma saba jIte ho/jItI ho| 1. tumhe // tuma donoM/tuma saba, madhyama puruSa bahuvacana (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) / tumhaI 2. vartamAnakAla ke madhyama puruSa bahuvacana meM 'hu', 'ha' aura 'itthA' pratyaya kriyA meM lagate haiM / 3.. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiN| 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartuvAcya meM haiM / yahA~ kartA madhyama puruSa bahuvacana meM hai ataH kriyA bhI madhyama puruSa bahuvacana kI lagI hai /

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100 apabhraMza bhAratI pATha 7 te ve donoM (puruSa)/ve saba (puruSa) tA=ve donoM (striyA~)/ve saba (striyA~) kriyAeM hasa-ha~sanA, saya=sonA, rUsa-rUsanA, lukka chipanA, jIva=jInA vartamAnakAla ragacca-nAcanA jagga-jAganA hasahi hasanti/hasante/hasire ve donoM ha~sate haiN| ve saba haMsate haiN| tA hasahi/hasanti/hasante/hasire ve donoM ha~satI haiN| ve saba ha~satI haiN| __ ve donoM sote haiN| ve saba sote haiN| te sahi/sayanti/sayante/sayire tA sahi/sayanti/sayante/sayire __ ve donoM sotI haiN| ve saba sotI haiN| te ve donoM nAcate haiN| gaccahi/Naccanti/gaccante/Naccire = ve saba nAcate haiN| ve tA ve donoM nAcatI haiN| gaccahiM/gaccanti/Naccante/Naccire =. ve saba nAcatI haiM / te rUsahi/rUsanti/rUsante/rUsire _ve donoM rUsate haiM / ve saba rUsate haiN| _ve donoM rUsatI haiN| ve saba rUsatI haiN| rUsahi/rUsanti/rUsante rUsire ve donoM chipate haiN| lukkahi/lukkanti/lukkante/lukkire = ve saba chipate haiN| ve donoM chipatI haiN| tAlukkahiM/lukkanti/lukkante/lukkire - ve saba chipatI haiN|

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apabhraMza bhAratI 101 te jaggahi jagganti/jaggante jaggire ve donoM jAgate haiN| = ve saba jAgate haiN| tA ve donoM jAgatI haiN| jaggahi/jagganti/jaggante/jaggire = ve saba jAgatI haiN| te jIvahi jIvanti/jIvante jIvire ve donoM jIte haiN| ve saba jIte haiN| tA ve donoM jItI haiN| jIvahi/jIvanti/jIvante/jIvire = ve saba jItI haiN| 1. te ve donoM (puruSa)/ve saba (puruSa) / anya puruSa bahuvacana tA=ve donoM (striyA~)/ve saba (striyA~) / (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. vartamAnakAla ke anya puruSa bahuvacana meM hiM' 'nti' 'nte' 'ire' pratyaya kriyA meM lagate haiN| 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiN| 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN| yahAM kartA anya puruSa bahuvacana meM haiM ataH kriyA bhI anya puruSa bahuvacana kI lagI hai|

Page #113
102 he mha ( puruSa ) / ve saba ( puruSa ) te = ve donoM tA = ve donoM (striyA~ ) / ve saba ( striyA~) kriyAeM ThA=ThaharanA, zramhe mha amhe mha mha tumhe tumha hama donoM / tumhe hama saba tumha tumhe tumhaI tumhe tumha ThAThAmo/ThAmu / ThAma ho / homo / homa / homa hA / hAmo / hAmu / hAma ThAThA /ThAitthA hA / hA / hAitthA ho / hoha / hoitthA pATha 8 tuma donoM tuma saba hA nahAnA, vartamAnakAla te ThAhi / ThAntiThanti / ThAnte Thante / ThAire - " tA ThAhi / ThAnti +Thanti / ThAnte Thante / ThAire - - = ho = honA hama donoM Thaharate haiM / ThaharatI haiM / hama saba Thaharate haiM / ThaharatI haiM / = hama donoM hote haiM / hotI haiM / hama saba hote haiM / hotI haiM / hama donoM nahAte haiM / nahAtI haiM / hama saba nahAte haiM / nahAtI haiM / = tuma donoM Thaharate ho / ThaharatI ho / tuma saba Thaharate ho / ThaharatI ho / ve donoM Thaharate haiM / saba Thaharate haiM / tevhA hi / hAnti hanti / hAnte hante / hAire =: tA hAhi / hAnti hanti / hAnte hante / vhAire : - apabhraMza bhAratI tuma donoM nahAte ho / nahAtI ho / tuma saba nahAte ho / nahAtI ho / tuma donoM hote ho / hotI ho / tuma saba hote ho / hotI ho / ve donoM ThaharatI haiM / saba ThaharatI haiM / ve donoM nahAte haiM / ve saba nahAte haiM / ve donoM nahAtI haiM / ve saba nahAtI haiM /

Page #114
apabhraMza bhAratI 103 te hohi honti/honte/hoire ve donoM hote haiN| ve saba hote haiN| tA. hohiM/honti/honte/hoire ve donoM hotI haiN| ve saba hotI haiN| amhe / =hama donoM/hama saba, uttama puruSa bahuvacana tumhaI / puruSavAcaka tuma donoM/tuma saba, madhyama puruSa bahuvacana sarvanAma bahuvacana te ve donoM (puruSa)/ve saba (puruSa) / anya puruSa tA=ve donoM (striyA~)/ve saba (striyA~) bahuvacana vartamAnakAla ke pratyaya (pATha 1 se 8 taka) ekavacana bahuvacana uttama puruSa uM, mi huM, mo, mu, ma madhyama puruSa hi, si, se hu, ha, itthA anya puruSa ___ hiM, nti, nte, ire 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiN| . 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiM / inameM kartA ke anusAra kriyAoM ke puruSa aura ... vacana hai| saMyuktAkSara ke pahile yadi dIrgha svara ho to vaha hrasva ho jAtA haiThAnti-+Thanti, hAnti-+Nhanti prAdi / apabhraMza meM 'mA' 'I' 'U' dIrgha svara hote haiM tathA 'pra''i' 'u' 'e' aura 'mo' hrasva svara mAne jAte haiN|

Page #115
104 apabhraMza bhAratI pATha va mAtA pATha 9 hauM=maiM kriyAeM hasa haMsanA, rUsa rUsanA, jIva=jInA saya=sonA, lukka chipanA, gacca=nAcanA jagga=jAganA hasamu/hasemu sayamu/sayemu Naccamu/raNaccemu rUsamu/rUsemu lukkamu/lukkemu jaggamu/jaggemu jIvamu/jIvemu vidhi evaM prAjJA =maiM hNsuuN| =maiM sovU / =maiM nAcUM / =maiM ruutuuN| =maiM chipuuN| =maiM jaaguu| =maiM jIvU / hau~ jInA 1. hauM=maiM uttama puruSa ekavacana (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. vidhi evaM prAjJA ke uttama puruSa ekavacana meM 'ma' pratyaya kriyA meM lagatA hai / 'ma' pratyaya . lagane para kriyA ke antya 'ma' kA 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai| 3. jaba kisI kArya ke lie prArthanA kI jAtI hai tathA prAjJA evaM upadeza diyA jAtA hai to ina bhAvoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie vidhi evaM prAjJA ke pratyaya kriyA meM lagA die jAte haiN| 4. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ prakarmaka haiM / akarmaka kriyA vaha hotI hai jisakA koI karma nahIM hotA hai aura jisakA prabhAva kartA para hI par3atA hai / 'maiM ha~sU' meM 'ha~sU' kA pUrA saMbaMdha 'maiM' se hI hai, isameM 'ha~sU' kA koI karma nahIM hai / uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN| inameM kartA 'hauM' ke anusAra kriyAoM ke puruSa aura vacana haiN| yahAM 'hauM' uttama puruSa ekavacana meM haiM to kriyAe~ bhI uttama puruSa ekavacana meM haiN|

Page #116
apabhraMza bhAratI 105 pATha 10 Nacca=nAcanA, jagga-jAganA, tuhuM tuma kriyAeM hasa haMsanA, saya=sonA, rUsa rUsanA, lukka chipanA, jIva=jInA, vidhi evaM prAjJA hasi/hase/hasu/hasa hasahi/hasehi/hasasu/hasesu sayi/saye/sayu/saya sayahi/sayehi/sayasu/sayesu raNacci/pacce/gaccuNacca Naccahi/Naccehi/gaccasu/Naccesu =tuma hNso| =tuma soyo| =tuma naaco| rUsi/rUse/rUsu/rUsa =tuma ruuso| rUsahi/rUsehi/rUsasu/rUsesu lukki/lukke/lukku/lukka lukkahi/lukkehi/lukkasu/lukkesu =tuma chipo| jaggi/jagge/jaggu/jagga =tuma jaago| jaggahi/jaggehi/jaggasu/jaggesu jIvi/jIve/jI/jIva jIvahi/jIvehi/jIvasu/jIvesu =tuma jiivo| 1. tuTuM=tuma madhyama puruSa ekavacana (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. vidhi evaM prAjJA ke madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM 'i', 'e', u, '.', 'hi' aura 'su' pratyaya kriyA meM lagate haiM / 'hi' aura 'su' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'na' kA 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai| zUnya pratyaya prakArAnta kriyAnoM meM hI lagatA hai| prAkArAnta, prokArAnta, ukArAnta Adi kriyAnoM meM evaM AjJA meM zUnya pratyaya nahIM lgegaa| ThA=ThaharanA, ho honA, hu=honA Adi kriyAoM meM zUnya pratyaya nahIM hotA hai / 4. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiN| 5. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN| inameM kartA 'tuhUM' ke anusAra kriyAnoM ke puruSa aura vacana haiM / yahAM 'tuhuM' madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM hai to kriyAe~ bhI madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM haiN|

Page #117
106 apabhraMza bhAratI pATha 11 so=vaha (puruSa) sA=vaha (strI) kriyAeM hasa ha~sanA, rUsa-rUsanA, jIva=jInA saya=sonA, lukka=chipanA, Nacca=nAcanA, jagga=jAganA, vidhi evaM prAjJA hasau/haseu hasau/haseu sayau/sayeu sayau/sayeu Naccau/Nacceu gaccau/Nacceu rUsau/rUseu rUsau/rUse u lukkau/lukkeu lukkau/lukkeu jaggau/jaggeu jaggau/jaggeu jIvau/jIveu jIvau/jIveu =vaha ha~se / =vaha ha~se / vaha soe| soe| =vaha nAce / =vaha nAce / =vaha ruume| =vaha rUse / =vaha chipe / =vaha chipe / =vaha jAge / =vaha jaage| =vaha jIve / =vaha jIve / 1. so=vaha (puruSa), sA=vaha (strI) anya puruSa ekavacana (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. vidhi evaM prAjJA ke anya puruSa ekavacana meM 'u' pratyaya kriyA meM lagatA hai| 'u' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya '' kA 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai / ___ uparyukta sabhI kriyAeM akarmaka haiM / 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiM /

Page #118
apabhraMza bhAratI 107 pATha 12 tuma : so=vaha (puruSa) sA=vaha (strI) hauM=maiM tuhuM kriyAeM ThA-ThaharanA, vhAnahAnA, ho honA hauM . ba. vidhi evaM prAjJA ThAmu NhAmu homu ThAi/ThAe/ThAu/ThAhi/ThAsu hAi/hAe/hAu/pahAhi/hAsu hoDa/hoe hou/hohi/hosu ThAu tuhuM =maiM tthhruu| =maiM nhaauuN| =maiM houuN| =tuma tthhro| =tuma nhaavo| =tuma hovo| =vaha tthhre| =vaha tthhre| = vaha nahAve / =vaha nahAve / =vaha hove| =vaha hove / ThAu hAu so sA hAu hou hou 1. hameM tuhuM tuma so=vaha (puruSa) sA=vaha (strI) uttama puruSa ekavacana madhyama puruSa ekavacana anya puruSa ekavacana anya puruSa ekavacana puruSavAcaka sarvanAma ekavacana prakArAnta kriyAnoM ko chor3akara AkArAnta, prokArAnta mAdi kriyAnoM ke madhyama puruSa ekavacana meM '0' pratyaya nahIM lagatA hai| 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiM / 4. uparyakta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN|

Page #119
108 apabhraMza bhAratI pATha 13 amhe / . hama donoM hama saba amhaI / kriyAeM hasa haMsanA, saya=sonA, ragacca-nAcanA, rUsa rUsanA, lukka chipanA, jagga=jAganA, jIva=jInA, vidhi evaM prAjJA hama donoM hNseN| hasamo/hasAmo/hasemo pramhaI / hama saba hNseN| amhe sayamo/sayAmo/sayemo _____hama donoM soveN| hama saba soveN| mamhe / amhe hama donoM naaceN| Naccamo/NaccAmo/raNaccemo amhaI / hama saba naaceN| amhe / rUsamo/rUsAmo/rUsemo hama donoM ruuseN| amhaI / hama saba ruuseN| amhe / lukkamo/lukkAmo/lukkemo ____hama donoM chipeM / hama saba chipeM / amhe / jaggamo/jaggAmo/jaggemo ____hama donoM jaageN| pramha hama saba jaageN| pamhe / / jIvamo/jIvAmo/jIvemo hama donoM jiiveN| amhaI / hama saba jiiveN| =hama donoM/hama saba uttama puruSa bahuvacana (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. vidhi evaM prAjJA ke uttama puruSa bahuvacana meM 'mo' pratyaya kriyA meM lagatA hai / 'mo' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'a' kA 'pA' aura 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai| . 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiN| uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN| inameM kartA amhe/amhaI ke anusAra kriyAoM ke puruSa aura vacana haiM / yahA~ amhe amhaI uttama puruSa bahuvacana meM haiM to kriyAe~ bhI uttama puruSa bahuvacana meM haiN|

Page #120
apabhraMza bhAratI tumhe tumhaI kriyAeM 1. 2. 3. 4. = tuma donoM / tuma saba sa = ha~sanA, hasa rUsa = rUsanA, jIva = jInA tumhe tumha tumhe tumha tumhe tumhaiM tumhe tumha tumhe tumha tumha tumhe tumhaiM tumhe tumha hasaha / hase ha saha / saha gaccaha / gacceha rUsaha / rUseha lukkaha/ lukke ha jagaha / jagge ha jIvaha / jIveha pATha 14 saya = sonA, lukka = = chipanA, vidhi evaM zrAjJA tuma donoM ha~so / tuma saba ha~so / = tuma donoM sovo | tuma saba sovo | tuma donoM nAco / tuma saba nAco / tuma donoM rUso / tuma saba rUso / tuma donoM chipo / tuma saba chipo / = tuma donoM jAgo / tuma saba jAgo / = tuma donoM jIvo / tuma saba jIvo / 109 ragacca = nAcanA jagga= jAganA - tuma donoM / tuma saba madhyama puruSa bahuvacana ( puruSavAcaka sarvanAma ) vidhi evaM prAjJA ke madhyama puruSa bahuvacana meM 'ha' pratyaya kriyA meM lagatA hai / 'ha' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'a' kA 'e' bhI ho jAtA hai / uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiM / uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiM / inameM kartA tumhe / tumhaiM ke anusAra kriyAnoM ke puruSa aura vacana haiN| yahAM kartA tumhe / tumhaI madhyama puruSa bahuvacana meM haiM to kriyAe~ bhI madhyama puruSa bahuvacana meM lagI haiM /

Page #121
110 apabhraMza bhAratI pATha 15 te ve donoM (puruSa)/ve saba (puruSa) tA=ve donoM (striyA~)/ve saba (striyA~) kriyAeM hasa ha~sanA, saya=sonA, rUsa=rUsanA, lukka chipanA, jIva=jInA vidhi evaM prAjJA ragacca-nAcanA jagga-jAganA hasantu/hasentu % 3D ve donoM hNseN| ve saba hNseN| ve donoM hNseN| ve saba hNseN| hasantu/hasentu sayantu/sayentu ve donoM soveN| ve saba soveN| sayantu/sayentu ve donoM soveN| ve saba soveN| Naccantu Naccentu ve donoM naaceN| ve saba naaceN| NaccantU/Naccentu ve donoM naaceN| ve saba naaceN| rUsantu/rUsentu ve donoM ruuseN| ve saba ruuseN| rUsantu/rUsentu ve donoM ruuseN| ve saba ruuseN| lukkantu/lukkentu ve donoM chipeM / ve saba chipeM / lukkantu/lukkentu ve donoM chipeN| ve saba chipeN|

Page #122
apabhraMza bhAratI 111 jaggantu/jaggentu ve donoM jaageN| ve saba jaageN| tA jaggantu/jaggentu ve donoM jaageN| ve saba jaageN| jIvantu/jIventu ve donoM jIveM / ve saba jIveM / ___tA jIvantu/jIventu ve donoM jiiveN| ve saba jIveM / 1. te ve donoM (puruSa)/ve saba (puruSa) anya puruSa bahuvacana tA=ve donoM (striyA~)/ve saba (striyA~) (puruSavAcaka sarvanAma) 2. vidhi evaM prAjJA ke anya puruSa bahuvacana meM 'ntu' pratyaya kriyA meM lagatA hai / 'ntu' pratyaya lagane para kriyA ke antya 'a' kA 'e' ho jAtA hai| 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ prakarmaka haiM / 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN|

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112 apabhraMza bhAratI tA= ve saba (striyA~) ho-honA pATha 16 amhe / _hama donoM tumhe tuma donoM amhaI hama saba ___ tumhiN| tuma saba _ ve donoM (puruss)| ve donoM (striyA~) - ve saba (puruSa) kriyAeM ThA=ThaharanA, vhA=nahAnA, vidhi evaM prAjJA amhe / ThAmo ___hama donoM tthhreN| pramhaI hama saba tthhreN| pramhe / NhAmo hama donoM nahAveM / amhaI hama saba nahAveM / homo __hama donoM hoveN| hama saba hoveN| tumhe / tuma donoM tthhro| tumhaI tuma saba tthhro| tumhe tuma donoM nhaavo| tuma saba nhaavo| hoha __tuma donoM hovo| tuma saba hovo| ve donoM tthhreN| ThAntu-+Thantu ve saba tthhreN| _ve donoM tthhreN| ThAntu-+Thantu ve saba tthhreN| __ ve donoM nhaaveN| NhAntu+hantu ve saba nahAveM / ve donoM nahAveM / NhAntu+Nhantu ve saba nhaaveN| __NhAha tumhaI

Page #124
apabhraMza bhAratI 113 te hontu ve donoM hoveN| ve saba hoveN| ve donoM hoveN| ve saba hoveM / amhe / hama donoM/hama saba, uttama puruSa bahuvacana pramhaiM tumhe / . tuma donoM/tuma saba, madhyama puruSa bahuvacana puruSavAcaka sarvanAma tumhaI bahuvacana te ve donoM (puruSa)/ve saba (puruSa) / anya puruSa tA=ve donoM (striyA~)/ve saba (striyA~) | bahuvacana | vidhi evaM prAjJA ke pratyaya (pATha 9 se 16 taka) ekavacana bahuvacana uttama puruSa madhyama puruSa i, e, u, 0, hi, su, anya puruSa 3. uparyukta sabhI kriyAe~ akarmaka haiM / 4. uparyukta sabhI vAkya kartRvAcya meM haiN| inameM kartA ke anusAra kriyAnoM ke puruSa aura vacana haiN| 5. . saMyuktAkSara ke pahile yadi dIrgha svara ho to vaha hrasva ho jAtA hai| yahAM ThAnti-+Thanti, NDAnti+hanti praadi| apabhraMza meM 'mA' 'I' aura 'ka' dIrgha svara hote haiM tathA 'ma', 'i', 'u', 'e' aura 'no' hrasva svara mAne jAte haiN|

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sahayogI lekhaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogAraNI-bI.esasI., ema.e., piiec.ddii.| nItizAstra, darzanazAstra ke vizeSajJa / prAcya-bhASAvid / sevAnivRtta prophesara, darzana-vibhAga, sukhAr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura / aneka sAmAjika evaM zaikSaNika saMsthAoM se sambaddha / apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI ke praamrshdaataa| isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-1. paumacariu kA eka prasaMga-vyAkaraNika vizleSaNa, 2. apabhraMza racanA saurabha / samparka sUtra-eca. 7, citaraMjana mArga, sIskIma, jayapura-302 001 / DaoN. kailAzanAtha TaNDana-ema.e., pIeca.DI., DI. litt.| apabhraMza bhASA aura usake kaviyoM para zodha-kArya / vibhinna patra-patrikAmoM meM lekha prakAzita / prAcArya, kAlIcaraNa DigrI kaoNleja. lkhnuu| isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva kI bhASA meM prayukta svara-dhvaniyoM kA vivecana / samparka sUtra-kAlIcaraNa DigrI kaoNleja, harado roDa, lakhanaU-3, uttara pradeza / 3. DaoN. kailAzacanda bhATiyA-ema.e., pIeca.DI., DI. liTa. / bhASA vijJAna aura hindI bhASA ke vividha pakSoM para anusaMdhAna / aneka pustakeM, lekha puraskAra prApta / nidezaka, vRndAvana zodha saMsthAna, vRndAvana / isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-svayaMbhU kI bhASA-zabda sampadA / samparka sUtra-vRndAvana zodha saMsthAna, ramaNaretI, vRndAvana-281124 / DaoN. choTelAla zarmA-ema.e., pIeca.DI., DI. liT. / saundaryazAstra, bhASAzAstra evaM apabhraMza bhASA ke vizeSajJa / bhUtapUrva prophesara, hindI evaM bhASAvijJAna, vanasthalI vidyApITha / nidezaka, apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura / isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-svayaMbhU aura pakSavicAra / samparka sUtra-apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, bhaTTArakajI kI naziyA, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-302 004 /

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apabhraMza bhAratI 115 5. DaoN. (zrImatI) je. esa. kusumagItA-ema.e., pIeca.DI. / hindI evaM kannaDa bhASA para tulanAtmaka adhyayana / baMgAlI, marAThI, jarmana Adi bhASAvid / aneka pustakeM, zodha-patra evaM manudita sAhitya prakAzita / rIDara, bhASAzAstra evaM hindI, mAnasa gaMgotrI, maisUra / isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-paumacariu meM biMba / samparka sUtra-8, paMcavaTI, sarasvatIpuram, maisUra-570009 / DaoN. trilokInAtha premI-ema.e., DI. phil.| aneka zaikSaNika saMsthAnoM se sambaddha / aneka zodhaparaka pustakeM evaM nibandha prakAzita / rIDara, hindI vibhAga, AgarA, kaoNleja, aAgarA / isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-prapabhraMza ke Adikavi svayaMbhU / samparka sUtra'rAmatriveNI kuTIra, 49, bI. mAlokanagara, AgarA-282 010 / prIti jaina-ema.e. / apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI dvArA saMcAlita apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa evaM DiplomA prApta / apabhraMza mAhitya akAdamI meM kAryarata / isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-paumacariu para AdhArita saMdhi-vidhAna / samparka sUtra-1130, mahAvIra pArka roDa, jayapura-302 003 / DaoN. rAmabarana pAThaka-ema. e., pIeca. DI., sAhityaratna / apabhraMza bhASA meM vizeSa yogyatA / prAcArya evaM vibhAgAdhyakSa-hindI vibhAga, badrI-vizAla kaoNleja, pharrukhAbAda / isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-kAraka vidhAna / samparka satra-prAcArya, badrI vizAla kaoNleja, pharrukhAbAda, u.pr.| DaoN. suSamA zarmA-bI.esasI., pIeca. DI. / hindI ke bhASika va sAhityika rUpa para vizeSa kArya / vyAkhyAtA, hindI vibhAga, vanasthalI vidyaapiitth| isa aMka meM prakAzita lekha-paumacariu ke kAvyacitra / samparka sUtra-6, gArgI nivAsa, vanasthalI, rAja. /

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jainavidyA saMsthAna ke mahatvapUrNa prakAzana 1-5. rAjasthAna ke jaina-zAstra bhaNDAroM kI graMtha sUcI-prathama evaM dvitIya bhAga- aprApya tRtIya, caturtha evaM paMcama bhAga sampAdaka---DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, paM. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha 350.00 6. jaina graMtha bhaNDArsa ina rAjasthAna (zodha prabandha)-DaoN. ka. ca. kAsalIvAla 50.00 7. prazasti-saMgraha-sampAdaka DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla aprApya 8. rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva - DaoN. ka. ca. kAsalIvAla 20.00 9. mahAkavi daulatarAma kAsalIvAla : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 20.00 10. jaina zodha aura samIkSA-DaoN. premasAgara jaina 20.00 11. jiNadattacarita-saMpA.-DaoN. mAtAprasAda gupta, DaoN. ka. ca. kAsalIvAla 12.00 12. pradyumnacarita-saM.-paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha, DaoN. ka. ca. kAsalIvAla 12.00 13. hindI pada saMgraha-sampA.-DaoN. ka. ca. kAsalIvAla aprApya 14. sarvArthasiddhisAra- saMpA.-paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha 10.00 15. campAzataka-saMpA.--DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla 6.00 16. tAmila bhASA kA jaina sAhitya-saMpA.-paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA aprApya 17. vacanadUtam - (pUrvAddha, uttarArddha)-paM. mUlacanda zAstrI pratyeka 10.00 18. tIrthaMkara varddhamAna mahAvIra-paM. padmacanda zAstrI 10.00 19. paM. cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha smRtigraMtha 50.00 20. bAhubalI (khaNDakAvya)-paM. anUpacaMda nyAyatIrtha 10.00 21. yogAnuzIlana-zrI kailAzacanda bADhadAra 75.00 22. e kI TU Tra haippInesa-bra. zItalaprasAda jI aprApya 23. cUnar3iyA (apabhraMza)-munizrI vinayacanda, anu. paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 1.00 24. pANaMdA (apabhraMza ) -- zrI mahAnaMdideva, anu. DaoN. devendrakumAra zAstrI 5.00 25. NemIsura kI jayamAla evaM pANDe kI jayamAla (apabhraMza)-muni kanakIti evam kavi naNhu, anu.-paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 2.00 26. samAdhi (apabhraMza)- muni caritrasena, anu.-paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 4.00 27. buddhirasAyaNa proNamacaritu (apabhraMza)-kavi nemiprasAda, anu.-bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 5.00 kAtantrarUpamAlA-bhAvasena vidyadeva 12,00 29. bodhakathA majarI-zrI nemIcanda paToriyA 12.00 30. mRtyu jIvana kA anta nahIM-DaoN. zyAmarAva vyAsa 5.00 31. purANasUktikoza 15.00 32. vardhamAnacampU-paM. mUlacanda zAstrI 25.00 33. cetanA kA rUpAntaraNa-bra. ku. kauzala 15.00 34. prAcArya kundakunda-paM. bhaMvaralAla polyAkA 2.00 35. atIta ke pRSThoM se-DaoN. rAjArAma jaina 3.00 36. prAcArya kunda kunda : dravyavicAra-DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI 15.00