Nalrayavadanti Charita

Author(s): Ernest Bender
Publisher: American Philosophical Society

Page 13

GRAMMAR: PHONOLOGY
VOL. 40, PT. 4, 1950]
ui with uya: H bhüya, PS bhui (between 71 and 72) 'being'
oi with oya: HS rasoi, B rasoya (88) 'meal' B suraloya (16) 'god
HP suraloi, heaven'
HP joi, B joya (16) 'see' HPS hoi, B hoya (253) 'be'
HS hoisu, P hoisum, B hoyasi (165) intruding a. The variations in the other manuscripts suggest, however, that the a was not pronounced, the original consonant cluster thus being retained. The
'be'
HP koi, B koya (17) 'any'
A similar alternation between u and va in stanza 256, meters require the consonant cluster.
where B writes navakara to the naukära of the other manuscripts, seems to indicate a parallel use of u to represent the vowels u and open ŏ (see below) and the consonantal u, and of the va to represent the consonant v (with inherent vowel a) and the consonantal u.
ย
The alternation in the writing between medial au and o and u indicates that the vowel cluster au was being replaced by the open Ŏ (compare MG open ŏ), spelled in the manuscripts o and u.13 Examples are:
The writing of u for au in final position indicates a pronunciation of open 8.13 B has the greatest number of examples of this. There are a few in the other manuscripts.
B amhäru,14 P amharau (11) 'our' BH nisuņu,15 PS nisunau (67) 'listen'
BH tanu,14 PS taṇau (73) 'of'
B tu,16 HPS tau (80) 'then'
273
H writes dawa 18 'lord' in stanza 129 and H and B write vatraggi 'dissatisfaction' in 311, where P writes deva for the first and P and S write veraggi for the second. The at seems to represent traditional spelling, being pronounced [e].
All the manuscripts have examples of the separation of the members of clusters of two consonants by an
B cusala, HP causala (47) 'square'
B patuli, HPS pataulu (between 54 and 55) 'patola' requirements of the meter. Compare: BPS droha, H drauha (125) 'malicious' BH kutiga, PS kautiga (288) 'marvel' HPS kautiga, B kumtiga (293) 'marvel'
BHP tu, S tau (288) 'then'
B malapatau, HPS malapatu (163) 'sauntering' Alternation in all positions between i and e in the spelling indicates a pronunciation of open ě. Distinction, then, is not made in the writing between ĕ and e.
B eni, PHS ini (169) 'this' HPS eka, B ika (163) 'one'
HPS ema, B ima (164) 'thus'
B tenai," HPS tini (183) 'that'
P behum, HS bihum, S vihum (91) 'both'
B veveka, HPS viveka (115) 'discrimination'
PS baheḍā, H bahedam, S bahida (258) 'vibhitakatree'
HP hemavae, B hemavai (22) 'Himalayas' BHS je, P ji (157) 'who'
13 See Tessitori, 1914-1916: § 11.6 and fn. 12 for other references. 14 Cf. the MG nom. sg. msc. termination in ŏ. There is confusion, again, between the writing u (for o of the masculine) and the u(m) of the neuter (cf. MG neuter termination ).
15 Cf. the MG o termination of the second person plural, imperative.
16 Cf. MG to 'then.'
17 Cf. MG těně 'by that one."
H saraga and B saragi, but P sarga (24) 'heaven' HP dharamiim, but B dharmii (35) 'dharma' HPS rakata, but B rakta (174) 'red'
B janamamtari, but PS jamamtara (199) 'previous birth'
B ratana, but HPS ratna (208) 'jewel' B vivahala, but HP vivhala (276) 'distressed'
The indication of vowel length is not fixed, this laxity occurring especially with -i and -u in final position. These are sometimes lengthened to meet the
davadamti (43) and davadamti (78) 'Davadanti' tini (43) and tini (11) 'that' maim (H 26) and maim (198) 'in'
jambudiva (P 18) and jambudiva (3) 'Jambudvipa' bahu (H 16) and bahu (15) 'very'
Examples of the loose use of the anusvāra have been given above in the discussion of nasal consonants where it was shown that distinction was not made in the writing between sequences of phonemes consisting of nasalized vowel plus consonant and sequences of vowel plus nasal consonant plus consonant. Other instances of this loose use of the anusvära are revealed by the rhymes of vowels with nasalized vowels:
bhanijai 'say' with dijaim (P 29) 'give'
vihānai 'in the morning' with vināņaim (33) 'understanding'
ucaraim 'cry' with samcarai (H 95) 'came' hoim 'be' with koi (S 212) 'any'
All the manuscripts have examples of the nasalization of vowels in the neighborhood of nasalized vowels.
P gelimim, H geliim, B gelaim (97) 'afterwards' HB resimim, BH resiim (22) 'for'
H samimvara, PS saimvara (55) 'svayamvara' Muni Sri Punyavijayaji has called my attention to the fact that the intrusion of nasalization into the pronunciation of words, such as the following, is to be compared with Marwari pronunciation and the Gujarāti spoken today in villages of Gujarat.
18 The diphthong of the writing is marked thus (a) to distinguish it from the vowel-cluster ai.