________________ Xxxii INTRODUCTION speciality consists in setting forth a divergent viewpoint before actually explaining the interpretation proposed and accepted, It is true that almost all the Tippanas on the Dharmottara's commentary had adopted this style, but it is only in the Tippana by Durveka that it is fully developed. The language of Durveka is rich, expressive and idiomatic. Durveka does not believe in forced or unnatural interpretation of the text. This is why he repeatedly mentions: 3pfa faharITTT 1994 Tata Hat irat99781a" p. 6; "at aftraf 74sza RITET FRA 197 9 Fifafa" p. 50; "Erat straf a TENST 9792413 FARE" p. 255. It seems that he had collected all the available commentaries and sub-commentaries on the Nyaya-bindu before beginning his present work. At many places in his tippana he mentions the views of the preceding commentators.1 Different readings have also been discussed by him. There is a refreshing candour and impartiality in his treatment; after mentioning the conflicting views, he often leaves it for the readers to decide for themselves, cf. "37 ATE a ta fadaforfa" p. 9; "37 T HTET HTET AT SUTEUTA Hrafia FITCHH"-p. 145. From the study of the Nyaya-bindu Durveka has drawn the conclusion that the author has composed this treatise from the empirical standpoint, i.e. the Sautrantika view. Hence, though it may agree with the Yogachara viewpoint on several occasions, it need not necessarily agree with it in every case. It would be useless to distort the obvious meaning of words with a view to show complete concurrence of the Nyaya-bindu with the Yogachara philosophy.3 That modern textual criticism was not unknown to Durveka is evident from the following comments : "CTRICT for a चार्थमाचष्टे भूतस्येति। भतार्थस्येति द्रष्टव्यम् / लक्ष्यते च भूतशब्दसान्निध्यात् लेखकेन प्रथमपूस्तके भशब्दः प्रक्षिप्तः / तस्येति त वचनं संक्षेपेण विग्रहं दर्शयतो धर्मोत्तरस्य पाठोऽन्यथा यथाभूतविग्रहं दर्शयितुकामेन अर्थपदोपादाने किमक्षरगौरवं दृष्टं येन केवलHASTEGTITE afraferita niya alfacanafafa," p. 67 1 See Indices Nos. 6 and 7. 2 Pp. 19, 25, 29, 83, 99, 100, 111, 127, 160, 181, 230, 233, 252. 8 Dharmottara-pradipa, pp. 27, 42-44, 127.
