Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 185

SEPTEMBER, 1933]
MEAN SAMKRANTIS
173
is the equivalent of date no. 127 also in op. cit. (Saka 1107 Visvdvasu, Pusya-amavusya, Monday, vyati páta-samkramana; Saka 1107 expired=Visvävasu=A.D. 1185), while the latter Monday is the correct equivalent of dates no. 125, 129 and 128 in op. cit. The first two of these three dates mention the year Sobhakft and Saka 1106 current and 1105 expired [=A.D. 1183) while the year Plavanga mentioned in the third must be understood to refer to the northern luni-solar year of that name, which corresponded to A.D. 1183.
3. Date of Bidare inscription of the time of the Hoysala king Narasimha I (Ep. Car., VI. Kadûr 72; p. 46): Saka 1084 Citra-bhanu, Puşya-purnima, Adivara, uttarayana-samkramana-vyatipata.
Saka 1084 expired=Citrabhånu by the southern luni-solar system. In this year, mean Makara-samkranti calculating from the moment of true Mesa-samkranti, occurred according to the Arya Siddhanta, at 13h. 14m. 225. on Sunday, 23rd December A.D. 1162, and calculating from the moment of mean Meşa-samkrånti, at 16h. 46m. 528. on Tuesday, 25th December. The true Makara-samkranti too occurred on that Tuesday at 6h. 16m. 488. The mean tithi Pugya-su 15 ended on the above Sunday at about 3h. 34m. 88., while the mean tithis associated with the above Tuesday were Puşya-ba 2 (ending) and Puşya-ba 3 (beginning). It is hence evident that this Sunday, 23rd December 1162, is the regular equivalent of the date given in the inscription.
4. Date of Bela våla inscription of the time of the above king (Ibid. Kadür 16; p. 8): Saka 1094 Khara, Margasira-su 14, Somavára, uttarayana-samkramana-vyatípáta.
Saka 1094 current=Khara ty the southern luni-solar system ; for this year the date is irregular. In the previous year however (regarding such years, see op. cit., p. 31 ff.), mean Dhanus-samkranti, according to the Arya Siddhanta, occurred at 4h. 23m. 208. on Monday 23rd November 1170 A.D., when calculated from the moment of occurrence of the true Meşasamkranti, and at 7h. 55m. 56s. on Wednesday, 25th November, when calculated from the moment of occurrence of the mean Meşa-samkranti. True Dhanus-samkránti too occurred on this Wednesday at 23h. 31m. 08.
The mean tithi Margasira-su 14 began on the above Monday at about 4h. 16m. 328., while the mean tithis associated with the above Wednesday were Mårgasira-su 16 (ending) and ba-1 (beginning); and it is thus obvious that the above-mentioned Monday (23rd November A.D. 1170) is the equivalent of the date given in the inscription.
Regarding the epithet uttarayana applied to the Dhanus-samkranti, see op. cit., p. 25 f.
5. Date of the Anekere copper-grant of Viraballala II (Ep. Car., V. Cannardya paptapa 179; p. 462): Saka 1113 Saumya, Pusya-ba-11, Adityavára, uttarayana-samkramana.
This date has already been discussed by me on p. 126 in IHQ., vol. 4. As I have said there, the date is irregular for Saka 1113* which corresponded to Saumya by the southern luni-solar system. In the following year however, mean Makara-samkranti, according to the Arya Siddhånta, occurred at 19h. 4m. 228. on Sunday, 28rd December A.D. 1190, when caloulated from the moment of occurrence of true Mesa-samkranti, and at 22h. 36m. 628. on Tuesday, 25th December, when calculated from that of mean Meşa-samkrånti. The true Makara-samkranti too occurred on that Tuesday at 12h. 6m. 488.
The mean tithi Pusya-ba 11 began on the above Sunday at about 13h. 51m. 238., while the mean tithis associated with the above Tuesday were Pugya-ba 12 (ending) and ba-13 (beginning); and it is henco obvious that the equivalent of the date given in the inscription is Sunday, 23rd December A.D. 1190.3
? The calculations in this paper have been made with the help of Mr. Sowoll's tables referred to above; and in connection with dates 2-6, it may be observed that the results are the same if one use the Surya, instead of the Arya, Siddhanta.
The hours, minutes and seconds given above should in all cases be counted from the moment of mear Lanka sunrise on the daye mentioned.