Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 348

$6333-3341
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
(OCTOBER, 1933
And so many others. For longer lists see Bs. Cp. Gr. i, 218; Bhn. 178.
In coll. Gujarātī there is a strong tendency to pronounce both c and ch as 8, and as we go north this gradually becomes the rule (LSI. IX, ii, 330, cf. 382, 412, 425). The change is often, but not always indicated in writing. Thus, pås for pac, five; uso for tlco, high : sārtu, for cürtwu, to feed cattle ; sõrū, for chôrů, a child; prísyo, for púchyö, asked. This occurs even when the ch is a secondary formation. Thus (LSI. IX, ii, 330) we have nāsyā nāchyä näkhyā, on being thrown. In the Kathiyawadi dialect, this 8, as in Marāthi, becomes ó before a palatal vowel, as in sētē, for chētē, far; sēdu for chēdu, a cultivator (LSI. IX, ii, 425, 426) (cf. $ 334).
The change of c, ch, to 8 is also common in the Bhil dialects of G., as in sôr, for cor, a thief; sörü, for choril, a child. Closely connected with the Bhils, are the Sondiās, who speak a corrupt form of Rājasthāni (Mlv.) much mixed with Gujarāti. They, too, change ch to s, as in sú kalo for chól"lo, chaff (LSI, IX, ii, 279). See also $ 339.
The change of c and ch to s is so common in coll. G. that careless writers write one for the other. Thus G. cāva sēt, for sāvacēt, conscious (LSI. IX, ii, 413).
In Rajasthani we observe the same treatment of cand ch. Thus sáleki, for cákki, a millstono ;rsar-, for car-, graze; sándan, for candan, sandalwood ; sās, for chách, buttermilk. This is most common in WR. and SR. (LSI. IX, ii, 4, 20), but the change is very common indeed, -almost universal-in Mw. The pronunciation is not indicated in writing, in which cand ch are in ordinary use, not 8.
In the closely connected Pahāși languages we also find traces of this change, as in EPh. and dial. CPh. r sak., for v cuk., complete (LSI. IX, iv, 49, 224, &c.). In WPh. (Jn.) ch and 8 are interchangeable, as in sásā or chášā, a hare; chátyānās or satyā-náé, destruction ($ 329). So WPh, generally, mānas or mānach, a man.
I have not noted any oases of the change of c or ch to a sibilant in Sindhi, but attention has been drawn to the reverse change in this language (8,>ch) (8 329).
There remain Bihārī, Eastern Hindi, Hindi, and Panjābi. In none of these have I noted any instances of interchange between palatals and sibilants, except in a few H. sporadic instances occurring on the border close to Rājasthāni. We are thus able to state that this interchange is very common in the extreme EIAVs. in M, G. and R, and Ph., and to a less extent in S. and (330) L. of the North-west. It is practically confined to the OuIAVs. The central languages from Panjābi to Bihāri show no traces of it.
333. Turning how to IAV, 8, we find, in the first place that in Bengali 6, 8 and 8 are all pronounced as é, whether in Tbhs. or Tss., though in the latter the original Skr. letters are usually written. Thus, nása, destruction ; púrufa, a man; éirgā, a horn ; r sul-, sleep, are pronounced nāśā, purus, singa, and sut respectively. In the compounds st, ér, sr, the sibilant is pronounced as a dental. Thus, stri, a woman, óri, fortune, pronounced stri and eri, respectively. So, also, in Assamese, although an uncompounded sibilant is pronounced as x, when it is compounded with another consonant it is pronounced as a dental 8. Thus, Xisyo, a disciple (written śişya); xástro, scripture (śāstra); Khristo, Christ (Khrista) (see $338). If, however, r precedes, the x sound is retained, as in dorxon, seeing (dassana). It is commonly said that in Oriyā the sibilants are pronounced as in Bengali, but this is only true of the dia. lect immediately bordering on Bg. Pure 0. has only the dental 8 (LSI. V, ii, 379).
334. In Marāthi, Toh, 8, whether descended from a Pr. 8 or from ch, becomes & when it precedes a palatal vowel. Under other circumstances the 8 remains unchanged. Thus Skr.
Ap. sálā, a house svila
M. sā! iksuh, sugarcane ricchu
M. us
162