Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 352

$$ 342-343]
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
[OCTOBER, 1933
traces of connexion with Drd., viz., coll. G., esp. NG. and the G. Bhil dialects. In other IA Vs. the sibilant is preserved as a sibilant.
342. In Dardio, the interchange of c, ch with sibilants is rare. We see it occasionally in Ş., as in puš, five, and in Trw., as in ciš k cüci.), a woman's breast (cf. the corresponding NL change noted in $ 330). The Bš. što, Wai. šti, four, hardly falls under this head, as the words appear to be an instance of metathesis, cf. Kš. tsör. It is noteworthy that the corresponding Tukhari' word is stwar (see Grierson in JA. 1912, 345). In My. an initial cor ch tends to become , as in sar. (Av. Skr. y car.), graze ; sê war, iron (other Drd. cimr, etc.); saur, four; wail, a she-goat (chēla-). Instances of the reverse process are Kh.choi (other Drd. šo, šah, etc.), six ; Kh. cucü (suska.), dry; Bš., Wai. V cũ-, Grw. r co-(Av. r gav-), go; Bš. minci, Kl. moc (mănuşu-), a man; Kš. chon" (sinya.), empty; Kš. chal", (svēta-), white.
In Kš., before ü-mātri, y, or e optionally>s or tsh. Thus, rlos-, be weary ; los* or lotshu, she was weary ; löst or lotsha (for lose, they (feme.) were weary ; losov or lotshov (for losyõo), he was weary (8 326).
343. In these languages Skr. 6, and Eranian š are generally represented by š, while 8 generally remains unchanged. The principal exceptions are found in the Dard Group, in which, as we shall see, é, s and often become h.
The change of unprotected to follows Eranian, rather than Indian analogy, for in Ps. Pr. $> . Examples are :
Skr. sirga.; KI. My. šiš, $. się. Skr. V dré-; Pax Vlaš., Kš. v deg.
Skr. dasa-; Wai. doš, Kh. još, Ki. Gwr. Grw. My. daš, but Ks. dah, Ş. daii, ten. Cf. L. dah, S. dah.
Skr. vimšati ; Wai, viši, Gwr. iši, Kl. biči, Kh. bišr, Grw. My.bīš, but Bš. vitsi (for vici), ş. bi, bēh, Kš. wuh, twenty.
There are not so many examples of the preservation of original š. We may quote -
Av. nišhidaiti, he sits; Wai. Gwr. Kh. vniš., but Bš. V'niž., Kl. rnis, Paš. r ni(through nih.).
Indian y similarly becomes in Skr. tsabha.; Kh. rešu, a bull. Skr. esati : Gwr. Věä., Khr weš., send ; Wai, prešya, sent; but V. res, send. Skr. vişa-; Bš. wiš, but Kš. veh, poison. Cf. Skr. manusa-, Shb. manusa.
We have already given above several cases in which 5, , or š>c, ch, but as a rule (exc. in the Dard Group) these three sibilants, when uncompounded are represented by š as shown a bove. Compounded with other consonants they are also usually represented by š, see § 290. But in Şiņā medial >j (ş Ph. $ 67), as in Skr. manusa., s. manūjo (but Ks. mahanje) (S. mušā, a man, is from Skr. manusya-, see $ 290); Skr. mūşika-, ş. müji, a rat; Skr. pie, ş. rpij., grind; Skr. rosa-, Ş. roj or rög, anger.
Unprotected s is also generally preserved, although before a palatal vowel it tends to become š (cf. Bš. eši<Skr. asi, thou art), and also sometimes (but not so often as é, s, š) be. comes h. Examples are :
Av. sarah., a head ; Kh. sor, but (Skr. siras-) Bš. Wai, dei, Aš. Trw, ša, Gwr. šuuta, (Skr. Širst.) Paš. šir, Kš. hir.
Skr, sapua-; Bš. sut, Aš. vül, Wai. söt, V. sele, Paš. Gwr. Kl. S. Kš. Trw. Grw. My. sal, Kh. sot, seven.
Skr. sürya- ; Kl. sūri, Cwr. suri, Paš. sur, My, swir, Ş. süri, Grw. sir, Kš. siri, Bš. sū, AE. sở, Tr. si, V. isi-th, Wai. sỏi, the sull.
Skr. svasär- ; Kh. ispusār, Bš. sus, V. siusu, Wai. 808, Aš. sus, G. sase ; but Tirähi spaz, Paš. sãi, Grw. išpo, Grw. Trw. ša, Ş. sd, a sister.
Skr. divasa-; Paš. dawcīs, Grw. dós, $. des, My.dis, Kl. Kh. bas, Wai, wās, V.128, Bš. 1608 ; but Kg. doh, Gwr.ba, Trw. di, a day.
Skr. mäsa., Sariqõli mas; Bs. mos; V. mas-ekh, Aš. Wai. Kh, mās, Gwr. mäs-os; but Trw. mah, moon, month.
Aryan niis; B. nas-ur, V. nes, Wai. nasii, Gwr, nāsi, Kš. nas, Kh. nas-kär, nose. When 8 forms part of a compound consonant it is usually preserved (see $ 290).
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