Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 363

DECEMBER. 1933
ASPIRATION
[ $ 359
dádruḥ, ring.
dádru
s. dádhon or dadh" ( $ 280). worm páśaḥ, a noose pāsu
M. G. H. EH. B. Bg. phas, P. pháha, L. phāh,
S. phás, A. phâs (written phâc), 0. phása,
EPh. pha so or páso. párasuh, an
parasu G. phárisi, M. phárisi, H, EH. B. phárd sā, ахе
B. also phál" sā. púnah, again
pánu
H. EH. B. phun, phin, or pun. In Rajasthani (Mlv.) the common postposition pē, on, becomes phē (LSI. IX, ii, 263).
basprah, steam bapphu P. bhāph, H. EH. B. bhåph, Bg. A. bhāp, 0.
bhápa.
résu búsdü
ve sah, dress
M. P. H. EH. B. bhēs. búsàkam, chaff
M. bhusá, G. bhusó, H. P. L. bhússi, H. EH.
B. bhúsa, Bg. 0. bhúsi, EPh. bhus, CPh. (Km.) bhūs, bhūsi, WPh. (Jn.) bhūs, but
S. buhu. Skr. parvan
S. s'Ts. parbhre, a festival. CPh. (Km. Asköti) has r bhit- for H. r bit-, elapse (of time) (LSI. IX, iv, 244).
In Marathi there is an instance of the aspiration of v, in nahvato, I was not, for na hôtô, and a similar aspiration is not uncommon in M. (Kön.), as in vhad, vhod, or even hoa, great (cf. M. vadil, an ancestor; H. barā, great); vhadzap (vadya-), music; sirvhidor, for Portuguese servidor, a servant. So mhal, for Ar. mål, property (LSI. VII, 169). These forms are specially interesting as Kön. freely disaspirates, original aspirates ($ 354). In the case of borrowed words, they are probably attempts to strengthen the naturally weak sound of y, so as to approximate the European pronunciation of that letter (FLM. 156.)
In WPh. (Pangi) there are sporadic instances of aspiration of initials, as in ghit, for git, a song; r ghe-, for gë-, go.
Although no rule can be laid down for these instances of aspiration, attention may be drawn to the fact that, with very few exceptions, they occur only in the case of initial consonants, and the presence of the aspiration may be due to an attempt to emphasize the beginning of a word by more forcible expulsion of breath.
Finally, a warning must be given to English readers. In English, surds (esp. k and p) are commonly pronounced with a slight aspiration foreign to, e.g., German. There is no such aspiration in the pronunciation of unaspirated surds in the IAVs., except in the few cases mentioned above.
Regarding aspiration due to conflation with a following h, see metathesis ( 369).
359. As regards Dardic there is an important rule which certainly applies to Kāšmiri and to Veron. and probably also to all the other languages of the sub-family, though, owing to the loose system of transcription followed in the only authorities available, it is at present impossible to speak with certainty. This rule is that a final surd consonant is always aspirated. Thus, in Kš, we have
Base krak-, outcry nom. sg. krakh. ,, kūts-, glass
, kātsh; ,, wal-, palsy
math. ral, blood r gup-, conceal, impve. sg. 2 gupk.
177
rath.