Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 346

$$ 327-329 ]
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERVACULAR
[OCTOBER, 1933
Ks. tsal, absconded; sg. f. tsaj. Cf. the Drd. change of (dental) to š, , as referred to above ( $325).
Ks. para, a board, pl. nom, pace. Cf. Skr. r bat, divide, Kl. baš, a share. Kš. kath, a stalk, sg. a bl. kāchi, pl. nom. kāche. Cf. L. (Khētrāni), uth, a camel, fem. uc. Kš. bod, great, f. badü, f. pl. nom. baje.
In northern Gujaräti, which we have often seen to bear traces of Dardic, gutturals, esp. when followed or preceded by i, e, or y, become palatalized. Thus dich ro, for dik"ro, a son; chetar, for khēlar, a field ; läjyo, for lāgyö, begun; paje, for pagë, on foot (LSI. IX, ii, 330). A similar change is observa ble in Marāthi of the North Konkan, which also often agrees with dial. G. in bearing Drd. traces. Thus gēlā or jēlā, he went ; ghēün or jhēün, having taken; kēlā or cēlà done (LSI. VII, 65).
Changes of Sibilants.
327. In Pr. the three uncompounded Skr. sibilants all became a dental 8, exc. in Mg. Pr, in which they all became a palatal é. Pischel in Pr. Gr. $S 25, 228, mentions a so-called Dhakki dialect in which the sibilants undergo other changes, and which, basing his supposition on the name, he locates in Dhakka in Eastern Bengal. Pischel was, however, misled by the very incorrect India office Ms. of Mk., and the name of the dialect is Tākki, not Dhakki or Dhakki, and is to be referred to the Takka country of the Northern Panjab (Mk. xvi, i ff. and comm. to xviii, 12. Cf. the v. 1. to Prthvidhara, on p. 493 of Goda bole's cdition of the Myochakarika).
In this sākki, as in the Gaurjari dialect of the Gurjaras who once ruled the country where it was spoken (see JRAS. 1913, 876, 882), original é and 8 remained unchanged, but original s became 8, as is now the case in Western Pahāļi (8 334).
328. In the IAVs. the same distinction as that recorded for Prakrit holds in the main. Bengali changes every 8 or to é, and Bihāri, although at the present day it has only a dental 8, always writes it as a palatal é, so far following the ancient Mg. Pr. practice ($ 29, note 1). Subject to certain reservations, elsewhere all the Skr. sibilants have become a dental 8. The two principal reservations are that in some languages, under special circumstances, this dental s has further developed into a secondary palatal é, and that in Pr. dialects é, or 8 sometimes becomes 1 (Pr. Gr. 88 262 ff.). So, also, we shall see that in some IAVs., an original sibilant is represented by an aspirate. Further, in Pr. an initial sibilant sometimes became ch (Pr. Gr. $ 211). The same occurs occasionally in the IAVs., and, much more frequently, we find in them a reverse process by which c or ch becomes a sibilant. This also oocurs in Pr. when ch represents a Skr. ts (Pr. Gr. 8 327 a). We thus find that the IAV. sibilants have two main sources, (a) they may be derived from a Pr. sibilant, or (b) they may be derived from c or ch.
329. Taking the latter case first, we shall begin by considering those cases in which, as in Pr., a sibilant has become ch. Thus, taking examples in which the change has already occurred in Pr., we have the very common IAV. cha or similar word for 'six.' So (Cf. Bs. Cp. Cr. i, 261).
Ap. sárakah a child chárdü H. P. EH. B. choka, ā, P. chohorū L. chöhur,
S. chok"da, G. chavo, chokoro, R. EPh. choro, CPh. choro, M. chau"da, Bg. chā, chărál (written chãoyal), &c. 0. chua, A. (a girl) chouāli; WPh. (K!) has fohrů.
Skr.
160