Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 330

$ 296]
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
Bš. rwul-, arise (OPrs. *ava +vsta.); Kš. wüth, a camel (Skr. ustra-). A Kašmiri pandit pronounces Skr. ustra.wustra-'.
296. Insertion. In the IAVs. y and v are frequently inserted as Euphonie letters between vowels. These are dealt with in $8 177 ff. and in & 362. The insertion of any other consonant in the middle of a word has only been noted in Dardic and in IAVs. under Drd. influence.
Nasals are sometimes inserted, where in IAV. we might expect anunāsika (cf. & 184). Thus (for Drd.)
Av, aši., Skr, aksi- ; Paš. anc, M. ainch, an eye ; cf. H. akh. Av. azom, Talcah wuz, &c.; Bš. 8ts or onts, V. unzu, I, my. Av. aparmāyu-, Prs, burna, a boy ; Bš. parmen (doubtful), a child.
As in the IAVs. the semi-vowel y (or i) is often inserted in Drd. between vowels. Thus
Av. brātar-; Gwr, bliaia (for blia(y)a), Paš. lā(y)a, V. wa(y)-eh, Kl. bā(y)a, Kš. baly)", a brother.
This, of course, was also frequent in Pr., and from Pr. has descended into the IAVs., where it is very common. But this is not considered here, as the insertion took place in the Pr. stage.
In Drd., especially in Kf., y or i is very frequently prefixed or inserted before , o, just as in English duty' is pr. 'dyuty' (see also $ 226a). Thus:
Av. uštra.; Bš. styur, V. ištiur, a camel. Av. kuši., Skr. kulpi ; Wai kiuts, the belly. Possibly metathesis. Kš, kör., a girl, V. kiur, a child. Skr, mukha-; Bš. Wai, myuk, a face. Av. Skr, dira: Bš, dyum, dyor, Grw. dēör, far. Skr. anguri.; Bš, angyur, a finger. Skr. khura- ; B. kūr or kyur, Wai. kyür, a foot, Skr. kukkuta; Bš, kakyuf, Wai, kiukiu, a fowl. Skr. svarna.; Bš. sün, but V. giú, gold. Skr. rūpa. ; Bš, aru or ariu, V. iuri, silver. Av. putra., Skr. putra-; Wai, piutr, a son. Av. tüm, ta, Skr. tvam ; Bš, tu, tiu, V. iyu, Kš ts' (scc $ 226u), thou. Av. Skr, dva- ; Wai, du, but Bš. diu, Kh. jú, Kš.") (sec $ 226a), two.
The semi-vowel r is often inserted in Bš., as in trang (Prs. tang), a girth; rwrec (H. v bēc.), sell; So Kš. trām, S. ramo (Skr. tāmra-), copper: Kš, kryūr", krür", or kyür", a well (Skr, kūpa.) (sec $ 226a, 286). Tessitori (OWR. Gr. $ 30) has noted this in OWR. One of the examples he quotes is trabů, copper. Similarly in WPh., in the Satlaj dialects there is a pleonastic termination au or trau (=Skr. ta., Ap. da.); as in utstau or utstrau, high ; (Gadi and Pangi dialects) bhrukkhnā (H. bhūkhā), hungry; (Cameāli dinlect) bhēdd or bhradd (Skr. bheda-), a sheep; aggē or hāgrē (Skr, agrē), before ; r sikk:hr- (siks-), learn. We may compare with these the striving for distinct utterance shown in the English groom'>Anglo-Saxon guman. It may here be noted that in the WPh. of Bhadrawāh, which is merging into Ks., bhridhl or dh, a change due to Tibeto-Burman influence vide post ( 319).
In Northern Panjabi h is sometimes inserted, especially after . It is pronounced semething like an Arabic 'ain, and lowers the tone of the following accented syllable ($ 152). Thus whath, for räth, resolute; Rháno, for Ráno, N. Pr.; rháti, for ráji, by night (NP. Gr. v).
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