Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 310

$$ 259-262)
ON THE MODERN INDO-ARYAN VERNACULARS
APRIL, 1933
(LSI. V, 1, 30; ii, 378). In Assamese, a, especially when followed by i or u, has a sound between that of o and å. See $ 205. In A. 7, itself, is pr. u, while au sounds as 7 (8 113).
As in the case of o and wa, and wā are frequently interchangeable ($ 254. Cf. the interchange of e and ya, é and yā, $8 239, 245). In Eastern Hindi and the Eastern dialects of Hindi 7 and wā are interchangeable as in EH. mõhi or mwāhi, even me (LSI. VI, 14). So H. (Bn.) ghör or ghwär, a horse ; bolas or bwūlas, thou speakest ; tör or twär, thy (LSI, IX, i, 482). I have not noted this change in Eastern Pahāri, but in Central Pahäri the vowel o undergoes various changes of a character somewhat similar to the above. When o precedes o, it becomes o, which is pr. wo (not wo) by the vulgar. When it precedes a, the resultant o becomes wă. Thus rõl, a cake, and roto, bread. The latter is pr. rwoto by the vulgar, and its pl.is rwăţă (LSI. IX, iv, 115). In Märäthi (Kõn.), 7 of standard M. becomes wā or wo, as in pot or pwo, the belly ; sõnă or swānā, gold (LSI. VII, 65).
259. ö<ů. This has been already discussed under the head of o<ů ($ 255). Here we may add that in Western Pahāri (as in Kašmiri) 7 and ū are interchangeable. Thus gūā or gõā, gone.
ico. This occurs in M. (Kön.) when ő is followed by u, as in korn, for korun, having done (LSI. VII, 14).
260. i sau. Regarding the change of an too see 181. Here we may add that in Assamese and Sindhi, the two extreme eastern and western IAVs., au becomes 7. For A. see $ 113, for S. cf. köma or kaum", a clan (Ar. qaum (S. Gr. viii)). The same is the case in the dialects of the Ganges Valley, where the literary forms of speech have au. Thus H. dial. aur or or, and ; (dial. of Upper Döāb) londa, for laundā, a son; V dör-, for daur., run. Here also we may again refer to strong nouns with a-bases (including adjectives and participles). In Hindi (exc. High Hindi and Hindõstāni), in Rajasthani, in Eastern, Central and Western Pahāri, and in Gujarati, such nouns end in au oro, in Sindhi they end in u, but in other IAVs, in a. The distribution of au and õ is as follows. H. (Br.) has properly au, but in EBr.Bn. and Kn, it has 7. Thus Br. calyau, gone, EBr. calyö, Bn, and Kn, calo, R. (J.) G. calyo, EPh.CPh.(Gph.) calyo. In WPh. au, 7, u and à are in such cases interchangeable, as in gohrau, -To, -sü,or-, a horse; cohto or cohtà, a son ; bolo or bölā, said ; mikro or mālrā, our; cheltu or chelja, a kid; kēil or kēā, done. H. (HH. and Hn.) which are based on dialects bordering on P. have the P. termination a. Again in the Bagri dial. of R., which also borders on P., we find this termination sometimes written a, and sometimes written o, but pronounced å ($ 206). Finally in the Dāngi Br. of North-East Rājpūtānā, every au is interchangeable with o, and vice versa, as in maurā or morā, a son. We have seen that in WPh. o and u are interchangeable. So also are 7 and au, as in görā or gaurā, a horse ; mo, or mau, by me.
261. In Dardie the change of ă or of ă to o or o is not uncommon. See & 226b. We also often find va or ana weakened to o or 7, as in Skr. starna-, gold, Bs.As.. son, Wai. Gwr. son, Paš. sönā, Kh. sor-m; Sk, suz-, self, V. 38, Wai. ; Skr. pravat-, Paš. pörā, before ; OPrs.rfiyav-, Av. sav., go, Grw. co-, Wai.rcü-; Prs. lavand, Bš. lonē, a slave; Av.xivaš, Skr. $as-, six, BX, 80, Trw. so, Grw. do, My. goh, Aš. si, Wai. $ū, V. ušu. The change of to ő or or has been noted in B&r not-, dance (Skr.r nat.), and Kh.orts, a bear (Skr.rksa-). Medial f and bh are weakened to o in Prs. kafé, Gwr, koš-ar, My. Grw. koš, Kh. kauš, a shoe ; Skr. gardabha-, Trw. gadho, K. gardő-k, Kh. gardö-y, gurdo-x, an ass.
In Kt, 7 and are absolutely interchangeable. Only educated Kašmiris can distin. guish between the two sounds. Thus most Kāšmiris cannot distinguish between the sounds of põš and pūš (a flower), and will use one pronunciation or the other at random.
262. Dardico. This is the Ko, o modified by epenthesis, see $$ 126, 164. Whenever o is so modified it is always pr. as ii.
124