Indian Antiquary Vol 62

Author(s): Richard Carnac Temple, Charles E A W Oldham, S Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Devadatta Ramkrishna Bhandarka
Publisher: Swati Publications

Page 301

FEBRUARY, 1933]
IAV. U.
E §§ 227-231
ganayati, he counts
gandi ángulā
ángulika, a finger
It will be seen that in most cases the u is in an unaccented syllable immediately following the main stress accent, or else that it is due to the presence of another u or i in a neighbouring syllable or to a neighbouring labial semi-vowel or nasal. Cf., for the last, Western Pahāri (Gadi) kuma- for kama-, to work. In OWR. this change is not uncommon (OWR.Gr., § 2 (2). In Dardie this change also occurs. In East Eranian the change of a> o and of a to a is common (GIP. I, ii, 295).. In Afridi Pašto the change of a to à is universal, and in Waziri Pašto every a>ō. Thence the change to u is easy. Cf. Shb. ucavuca, osudhani, muta, &c. Similarly, Av. xara-, Bš. kur, V. kõru, an ass; Skr. gardabha-, Kh. gurdo-s, an ass; Av. zasta-, O. Prs. dasta-, Bš. dust, V. lust, Aš. dost, a hand; Av. aspa-, B. ušp, a horse; Skr. V vat, V. V but, share; Av. dantan-, Skr. danta-, Kh. don, §. don, Bs. dutt, Aš, dont, Wai. dut, a tooth.
Bg. (dial.) Vgun-, to count.
H. úgali, P. üguli, but M. águli.
227. ui. Here also the change occurs in unaccented syllables.
Ap. lóhiu
Skr. lóhitam, blood kúlṭini, a bawd tintiḍi, tamarind
H. loha, but B. lehu.
STs.O. kúttuni, but Bg. kúltani.
Bg. titul, O. tetuli, but A. tételi,
EPh. titri.
tintiḍi
Other examples are Bg. halud (haridra), turmeric, and O.B.M.G.P. giri, S. gerü, Bg.H. gerua, A. gereu; but L. geri, P. also geri (from Skr. gairika-), red ochre. Geru, &c. must be derived from gairuka-, and is hardly a fair example. It may be added that, like the L. and the optional P. forms, the -ika base also exists in Kš. ger" (<*gēri). That is to say that, while gairika- appears only in the North-West, *gairuka- seems to have been spread over nearly the whole of India.
Instances in which I have noted the change as occurring on an accented syllable are Bg. bunda, P. bund, bad, G. bund, bundu, M.L. bund, H. bid (Skr. binduḥ), a drop, and WPh. (Gadi) mul- for mil-, to be met. In the former the change is due to metathesis (§ 162), and in the latter it is probably due to the influence of the peculiar sound of joined to the. fact of the initial being a labial letter.
u <u. See §§ 171 ff.
228. ur. This was of course common in Prakrit, but necessarily does not occur in IAV., as r has disappeared from Pr. No instances of the change have been yet noted in Dardic. Skr. prcchati, Pr. pucchai appears in Ks. as V pritsh-, and Skr. rtu, Pr. riü or un> Ks. rět, a month. The latter may be a sTs., but is not so necessarily. Note Sindhi rut,
a season.
229. u<o, u<au. See §§ 170 ff., 181. In A. ō preceding i becomes u. Thus bole, he says, bulise, he is saying (LSI. V, i, 400). This, however, is really bulisē, see § 231.
u<v. The syllable ava is often weakened to au>o>u, see §§ 178, 181. As an additional example we may quote Skr. lávanam, Pr. lénam, S. lún", but others lön, los, &c. In Central Pahari (Km.) initial v preceding i tends to become u, as in vi, or ui, he. Such a change is not uncommon everywhere, as in S. duárō, a temple (dēvālayakaḥ); duár", others duar, &c. (dodrom), a door.
115
230. Dardic. This is sometimes found in Kašmiri before i-mātrā, as in guri, pr. guiri, horses, but the apparent change is non-existent, the iri being merely the Kš. pronunciation of -ri. See §§ 126 and 214. Really, u in K. is never affected by epenthesis.
231. IAV. . This usually represents an original u, but sometimes it represents the lengthened sound of u. See § 168. For the weakening of au to u, see § 181. In Old Eastern