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No. 18 )
EIGHT INSCRIPTIONS OF KADAVARAYA CHIEFS
97
is said to have gained victory over a certain Piņdan. Palgun rak-kottam' was the tract of country over which these Vēl chiefs ruled and Chengama was the principal city in it. This country had in it the two famous hills Naviram and Pålichchilambu and the towns Pali, Páram, Pirambu, and Viyalür. The river Cheyyāru flowed through it.6 Naviram is identified with the Triśūla hill referred to as an off-shoot of a hill near the village Tenmahādēvimangalam in the Polur Taluk of the North Arcot District. The hill of Naviram is said to have had on its top a Siva temple and the deity there was named Kāriyuņņikkadavu!.! This hill of Nannan might be the one referred to under the name Nannan-Verpu in Inscription No. 1 below.
An ornament called Ekūvallivadam is mentioned as the main item of gift by more than one Kadavarāya chief, as was the case in the royal gifts to the Rājarājēsvara temple at Tanjore. Tamil works refer to this ornament. It was worn round the neck loosely and comprised mainly of a large number of pearls. These with other items mentioned below were strung together by means of a thick gold string, sometimes worked so as to resemble a snake in form. Pearls, sapphires, gems, corals, lapiz lazuli and gold pendants formed the main items in this neck ornament. The Ekāvallivadams presented by the Kādavarāyas appear to have been very costly, as can be gathered from the mention of the total weight, size, and number. Ekāvallivadam was known as Tāragaikkovai in ancient days.10
Of the geographical places mentioned in the records, Geờilam is a river that flows through parts of the South Arcot District. On its banks the villages Tiruvadi and Tirumāņikuli are situated. Udavi-Tirumānikuli is the name by which the modern village of Tirumāņikuli, not far from Cuddalore, is called hoth in inscriptions and in the Dēvāram. Here the ancient Choļa king Sengangān is said to have worshipped the god Siva. It was situated in Mërkä-nädu, a subdivision of Rajarāja-valanādu, 11 like Ādanur whence the Saiva saint Tirunāļaippovär hailed." A part of Tirumānikuli was constituted as Pērambalamponmeyndaperumāļnallür. Alappākkam is a village in the Cuddalore Taluk of the South Arcot District. Solakulavallinallür was a subdivision of Pattānpakkam or Pattänpäkkai-nādus and was also called Sõlakulavalli.4 It had the
1 Agam, 44, 152 and 208.
* The Palgunrak-kottam of Nannan was situated in Jayangondabolamandalam (8. I. I., Vol. I. No. 72. Ibid. Vol. VII, Nog. 64 to 74 and 442. No. 297 of 1939) and comprised North and South Arcot Districts. A few of its subdivisions wore Singapura.valanadu (297 of 1928-29), Sengupra-nadu (No. 442 of 8. 1. I., Vol. VII), Tennarrür. nadu (ibid., Nos, 64 to 74 and No. 440), Mandaikula-nādu (ibid., Vol. I, No. 72), Pangala-nadu (ibid., Vol. I, No. 72), and Valaippandal-nadu (No. 232 of 1923). A village in the main division was Ninravūr (No. 176 of 1929-30). Siyamangalam in the Wandiwash taluk was in Tennārrur-nādu, Kalavali of the Walajapet Taluk was in Senguņranādu. Kunra-nādu had Nedungun ram (No. 73 of 8. I. I., Vol. VII), Mandaikula-nadu had Murugamangalam (No. 72, 8. 1. 1., Vol. I) and Pangala-nadu had Naduvil... kunrattur (ibid., No. 74). The capital of Nannan wad Sengama which is the same as Chengama in the Tiruvannāmalai Taluk of the North Arcot District (Nos. 117, 120, and 124 of 8. 1. I., Vol. VII). It is called Sengaimanagar (ibid., No. 124). It seems that the nucleus of the territory of Peruñjinga and the Kādavarāyas was almost the same as the original possessions of Nannan.
* Pattuppattu 10: p. 372; 8. 1. 1., Vol. I, pp. 102 and 105. • Pattuppa tfu 10: 11. 82 and 579; Agam, 97, 162, 208, 258, 375, 396. * Patluppattu 10: 11. 475, 555. • No. 50 of 1933-4. See A. R., 1933-4. p. 33.
Pattuppåttu 10: 1. 84.
• Ekavidukodi (Perungadai, 1.34.1,201); Ekavāram (ibid., 6.2.1.26); Ekavaffam (ibid., 2.B.1.139); Multuvadam (ibid., 5.2.1.26); Orraivadam (ibid., 1.4.1.211) and Agam, 73; and Perungadai, 2.7.1.22.
Ibid., 3.9.1.67; 5.2.1.26 ; 1.34 , 1.201 ; 1.46; 1.212-3. 10 Silappadigaram, 13. 1. 19. 11 In the same division was Irungolappādi which had in it Tirumudukupram (Vriddhachalam). 1.2 Tirunalainpôvárpuranam, v. 1. 13 No. 406 of 1921; 517 of 1922; 138 of 1932-3; 141-5 of 1933-4 and Nos, 761-776 of 8. I, I., Vol. VII,
14 8.1.1., Vol. VII, No. 761. XVI-1-12
