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No. 10.)
KARKALA INSCRIPTION OF BHAIRAVA II.
125
birudas of Bhairava II, and furnish the name Tribhuvanatilaka-Jina-Chaityalayal (1.17) for the temple, which is described as being auspicious on every side (sarvatábhadra) and as having four symmetrical faoes (chaturmukha). It was built on the Chikkabetta bill in the vicinity of the blessed Gummateśvara at Pandyanagari in Karakaļa (1. 14 f.). Pând yanagari, just like the modern Hiriyangaļi, was apparently another suburb of Kårkala and comprise within itself the Chikkabetta hill, on which the Chaturmukhabasti is built, the colossal statue, and the long narrow street that runs between them, containing a few Jaina houses and the matha. It probably received its name from Påndyaraya or Vira-Påndye, who set up the famous colossus. In 11. 19 ff. we are told that Bhairava II. set up the images of the three Tirthakaras Ara, Malli and Munisuvrata on each of the four faces of the temple and consecrated at the same time the images of the 24 Tirthakaras and those of the Jinas together with Brahma and Padmavati.
Ll. 22 to 42 record the grant of the village of Tejara, which yielded a revenue of 700 made of rice. Besides this, 238 pagodas (gadyana or varaha, I. 28) from the siddhaya (i.e. the established revenue) of the villages Rañjala and Nalluru were also granted. The income was to be utilised for the requirements of worship in the four symmetrical central shrines of the temple and in the subordinate shrines, by fourteen families of Sthånikas appointed for that purpose. Provision was also made for temple servants and musicians. The four groups (tanda) of Jaina mendicants who had quarters in the temple were supplied annually with 8 blankets, to protect themselves from cold, and with 1 blanket to receive the daily doles of rice which they collected from door to door. They were also given the necessary requirements for oil. baths, vid. oil, soap-nut and fuel. Ll. 43 to 47 record two additional grants, perhaps by the same chief, for the daily offerings (1) to Chandranatha in the basti situated within the quadrangle of the hiriya aramane (i.e. the big palace),' and (2) to Pârsvanátha in the basti on the Govardhanagiri hill.10 The inscription ends with a puzzle (v. 8), wbich was composed by the author of the inscription in order to celebrate the power of the five syllables Srivítarága (i.e. Jina), which the donor Bhairava II. is said to have affixed to the inscription with his own hand in token of his approval of the charities recorded therein. The four erased lines at the end of the inscription may have contained the clue for the right interpretation of the puzzle.
Perhaps so named in imitation of the HoBabasti at Mudabidure, which according to the inscriptions of that temple was called Tribhuvanachudimaņi-Chaityklaya and was built in Baka-Samvat 1951, i.e. 157 years prior to the construction of the Chaturmukhabasti.
This attribute given to the temple appears to have suggested the insertion of the puzzle in the sarvatóbhadra vorte at the end of the inscription.
+ Chaturmukhabasti, the present popular name of the temple, is derived from the fact that the temple w constructed with four symmetrical faces (chaturmukha). Above, Vol. VII. p. 109 f.
"Same as Suvrata mentioned in v. 3. • These two deities are different from the Brahmapical gods of the same name. Brahms and Padmavati in Jaina mythology are two demigods (yaksha and yakshin) who attend invariably upon the Tirtha karas.
1 The allotments made for the worship at each gate' are very carefully recorded, and from these it appears mit the western gate, which enjoyed the largest share of the gift in money, was the primary one, while the three other symmetrical gates were only of secondary importance. This is also proved by the fact that at this particular gate slone the images of the 24 Tirtha karas were consecrated (11. 20 and 89). + The Jains priests are now generally known by the name Indra (Government Epigraphist's Annual Report for 1900-01, paragraph 6). The name Sindulka given to them in the inscription appears to be used in imitation of the name given to a section of Brahmaņas in South Canars, whose sole profession is temple service. See Mr. Sturrock's South Canara Manual, Vol. I. p. 164.
This might be the name of one of the palaces of Bhairava II. himself, which was probably situated either at Pandyanagari or Hiriyangadi, both of which are still covered with ruins of buildings.
10 This is perhaps one of the many small hills that surround Karkale. I was informed wbile there, that one of these bears at its top Jaina basti even now. It will be too fanciful to connect the name with Govardhanagiri in the Shimoga district, which is said to have been fortified by Jipadatta' (the mythical founder of a Jaina line of Ming's in the south), (Myrore Gazetteer, Vol. II. p. 45).
