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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
(Vol. VIII.
1446 (A.D. 1524-25) the same chief was ruling the kingdom below and above the ghants' (Mg. 62). With the extension of the kingdom the capital also seems to have been removed to Karkala from Kalasa; for in an inscription of Saka-Samvat 1452 (= A.D. 1530-31) Vira-Bairarasa-Vodoya is said to have been ruling from his throne at Karakala (Kp. 47). It will be scen in the next paragraph how the Kalasa chiefs managed to add to their dominions the Karkala country below the ghauts; but for the present it may be enough to conclude from the Koppa and Madgere inscriptions published in Mr. Rioe's Ep. Carn. Vol. VI. that Bhairava II, of the subjoined inscription was a direct descendant of the Kalasa family, and that his hereditary ancestral dominion was the Kalasa country. His name, his title ariraya-gandaradávani and the existence of an inscription of his in the Koppa tâluka (Kp. 57) all point to the same conclusion.
Turning now to the inscriptions at Karkala itself, from which further information may be expected about the ancestors of Bhairava II., we find that the colossus there was set up by ViraPåndya or Pånd yaraya, the son of Bhairavêndra of the lunar race in Saka 1353, and that in Saka 1358 the same chief, who is here said to have been the son of Bhairava of the family of Jinadatta, set up the Brahma pillar in front of that colossus. An unpublished inscription at Hiriyangadi near Karkals, dated in Saka-Samvat 1379 (= A.D. 1457.58), records a grant to the temple of Némináthasvamin, while the arirtya-gandara-davani, the lord of Patti-Pombuchchapura, who had obtained excellent gifts from the goddess) Padmavatidēvi, and who was the uplifter of the ocean which was the family of Jinadattaraya- AbhinavaPandyadeva-Odoya, was ruling over Pațţi-rajya. A second inscriptions in the same village, dated in Saka-Samvat 1514 (= A.D. 1593-94), records grants to Chandranathasvamin, while ariraya-gandara-davani Pandyappa-Vodeya, the son of Vira-Bhairarasa-Vodoya, was ruling his country undisturbed (sthira-rajya). This chief is no doubt a son of Bhairaya II. and apparently enjoyed the independence which his father also possessed. The earliest of the Karkala inscriptions, which is dated in Saka-Samvat 1256 (=A.D. 1334-35), belongs to the time of Lokanatharasa, who, though only a mahamandalesvara' who had acquired the five grent sounds,' bears the royal titles samastabhuvanásraya, prithvivallabha and maharajadhiraja. He also calls himself 'the lord of Uttara-Madhura,''the jewel of the great Ugra-vamsa,' the lord of Patti-Pombuchchapura,' the worshipper of the goddess) Padmavatidêvi' and the pupil of (the Jaina teacher) Charukirti-Panditadova. These titles make Lokanatharasa dacidedly a San tara chief. The existence of this record at Hiriyangadi makes it certain that the descendants of Jinadatta ' removed the capital first to Sisila or Sisukali and then to Karkala, both in S. Kanara' (Mr. Rice's Mysore Gazetteer, Vol. II. p. 456). It will now be easy to see how the Kalasa chiefs, of whom Bhairaya II. was one, came to be connected with the Såntaras, traced their ancestry to Jinadatta, became more zealous Jainas than their ancestors at Kalasa, and eventually stepped into the place of the Såntaras in the Kårkala country. From the fact that the hereditary titlo ariraya-gandara-dávani of the Kaļasa chiefs and the prominent Såntara titles of Lôkanatharasa are found combined in the inscription of the chief Abhinava-Pandyadêva-Odeya as early as Saka 1379, I conclude that the Kalasa chiefs must have entered into close relationship of intermarriage with the descendants of the Santara Lokanatharasa, about Saka-Samvat 1379 (= A.D. 1457-58), if not a little earlier. Further it may reasonably be assumed that it was by virtue of this viationship with the local Sântaras that the Kalasa chief Yimmadi-Bhairarsa-Odega, mentioned in the previous paragraph, extended his rule to the territory below the ghauts in A.D. 1516-17.
As regards the territory ruled over by Bhairava II, and his anoestors, a rough idea of its extent may be formed from the name given to it- Kalasa-Karakaļa-rajya. To ascertain its exact
Above, Vol. VII. p. 109 #f. No. 70 of the Goveroment Epigraphist's collection for 1901. No. 68 of the same collection. No. 71 of the same collcetion
See above p. 120 note 5
