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96
THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[MARCH, 19:1.
Dr. Juynboll makes a distinction between the standing under a tree. It is curious that these Brahmanical god Kubera and his Buddhist Old-Javanese coins hardly ever bear any legends, counterpart called by the patronymic Vaisravana. No. 3405 apparently being the only example of The criterion adopted by the author is evidently an inscribed coin of the Hindu period which the the posture of the legs, Kubera being seated in Museum possesses. The six copper coins of the the so-called Lalita sana, viz., with one leg drawn Muhammadan period are all inscribed with up and the other hanging down, whereas the two legends in Arabic, usually the kalimah or Moslim statuettes labelled Vaisravana sbow the god creed. Finally there are a certain number of sitting cross-legged (Or. p. 75). How far this Chinese coins, the earliest of the 8th century of distinction applies to Javanese art I do not wish our era, which bear evidence to the influence of to decide; but it certainly does not hold good in China in the Indian Archipelago. India, as sculptures found on undoubtedly The epigraphical section contains one inscripBuddhist sites like the Jetavana near Srāvasti tion on stone and wine on metal besides numerous (modern Sabēth-Mabēth) often picture the god moulds. The metal inscriptions are engraved on of riches in the lalita pose.
bronze and copper-plates and, like the corresBesides images, the Leiden Museum contains ponding documents of India, usually record a rich collection of bronze objects either intended donations of land by the Hindu princes of Java for religious worship or for domestic use. to temples and other religious establishments. Among the sacriticial implements, I note particu- In one instance no less than fourteen copperlarly the curious zodiac cups used for sacrificial plates have been used for such a title-deed. water, which exhibit two rows each of twelve Almost invariably these epigraphs are written figures, tbe lower row representing the zodiac in Old-Javanese characters and contain Kawi signs. The Leiden collection comprises some
texts which often abound in Sanskrit terms and thirty specimens showing considerable variations
formulas. But some of the oldest inscriptions in desiga, Seven out of these are dated in the
are Sanskrit records written in ancient Nagari. 13th century of the Saka era (from 78 A.D.), the
The earliest dateable stone inscription in Old era almost exclusively used in ancient Java.
Javanese script is a fragment (mould No. 2994) Among the numerous bronze belle in possession
composed half in Sanskrit and half in OMof the Museum there are some (p. 148) which are Javanese, and dated Suka 719, corresponding very similar to the drilbu of Lamaietic worship to A.D. 797. It appears to be Buddhist, as it It is well kuown thut the latter object together contains the terna jinalaya which is also found on with the thunderbolt (rdorje) are indispensable the Manjusri image in the Berlin Museum. A attributes in the exorcisms of the lamas. I am still older inscription is the Buddhist prabasti not aware whether thunderbolts corresponding (mould No. 2995) apparently dated Saka 704 (?) to the Tibetan rdorje have been found in Java. corresponding to A.D. 782. It is entirely comThe bells with chains attached to them were posed in Sanskrit and mentions images of probably hung at the entrance of shrines and Buddha, Dharma and Sangha. The opening rung to announce the worshipper, as is still the formula is Namo ratnatrayāya. It was found universal custom in India.
at a village north of Chandi Loro-Djonggrang at Other metal antiquities not connected with Parambanan. religious worship are likewise well represented That Saivism existed in Java side by side with in the Leiden Museum. The fine collection of Buddhism from an early period is proved by the personal ornaments comprises bracelets, finger
Sanskrit inscription (mould No. 2975) of Saka rings, ear-pendants and nose-rings.
654 (A.D. 732) which records the erection of a Compared with the previous sections, that deal- linga by king Spiñjaya, the son of Sannäha, who ing with ancient coins (D) appears to be remark- calls himself ruler of the isle of Java, rich in gold ably small. It comprises Old-Javanese silver mines. The single stone inscription in the Leiden coins, convex in shape and marked with four- Museum is also a Saiva document, but of a much petalled flowers and other symbols, and so-called later date, namely Saka 1371 or A.D. 1449. It is temple medals of copper usually pierced with a probably one of the latest epigraphs of the aquare hole and bearing various representations, Hindu period and was found on the east side of such as a wheel (chakra), a crescent, a granary, Mount Mérbaboe. & vase, and two figures, male and female,
J. Ph. VOGEL.
Hitherto only two epigraphs have come to light, dated in a local era salled the Sanjaya era. According to a note found among the late Dr. Brandes' papers the true date is 769 Saka.
