________________
JULY, 1911.) A COMPARATIVE GRAMMAR OF DRAVIDIAN LANGUAGES
185
is in die
Kui :
pora
Noi
dadi
kudri goruth Boroth
The first set of words, i.e., dn and pen are used by Tamil, Malayalam, and Tulu, to denote • inulo' and fomale.' Canarese uses kand (a) and pen : Telugu uses nga and al.
For example : Horse -- 1. Tamil :
kudirai Malay, :
kudire Tala :
kudire Can. :
gandu kudire Telnga: moga
gurrama Korvi : . ond
kudri Kaikadi : ghand kudri Malto :
bokra
goroth
gora Burgandi : ad
kudri Mare : Tamil :
pe?
kudirai Malay. : pen
kulira Tulu :
ponnu kudire Can. :
Hennu kudire Telagu : dda
gurrawu Korvi :
pat
kudri Kaikadi : phattad Malto : Kui :
tali 10. Burgandi- phat
kudri 8. But of these words that are used as gender suffixes, there are only some that are used as suffixes also. For instance, of tho masculine prefixes, an, maga and land only the first an with its varieties is used as the common masculine suffix of all the Dravidian languages. Of the feminine suffixes, al and pen, only al is used as the feminine singular suffix of Tamil, Malayalam, Canarese and Tulu.
In addition to dş and al, there are other words which are used as saffixes. For instance, primitive Dravidian atta (which with its varieties forms the common feminine singular suffix of the North Dravidian langa ages) and (a)du (which is the common neuter singular suffix of all the Dravidian languages).
We shall no:v enumerate tbese suffices and trace their history and development in the different Dravidian languages.-
1. An (Masculino singular suffix). Pr. Drav, an an (Tam., Ma., Ca, Tu.).
* Anda sandu ddu (Ta, and Te.).
*an 'an (Tam., Ma., Ca., and Tu.). N. B.-* Denotes development in unstressed or inflexional syllables.
Primitive Dravidian an means male.' It is found as an independent word with this meaning in Tamil, Malayalam, Oanarese, and Tulu. In Canarese it also denotes superiority or priority.
Besides an, we have in Tamil another form of this word, namely adu which should have developed from an with the addition of an excres-nt d and the subsequent dropping of the nasal. Compare the etymological history of the English words sound' and 'thunder.' In Tholkappiam, *adu' words are masculine words. (Vide gâtran, 2 Solladikaram). In Telugu, too, we have ddu, but it is used only as a masonline soffix. It is not found as a prefix or as an independent word. In old Telugu we find the form with the nasal, i.e., dniu, where the nasal is marked as an arthánusvara.' Even the modern Telugu ádu is pronounced with a half nasalisation.
As a masculine prefix it is not at all found in Telugu. While Canarese has only a few instance, it is rery commonly used as a prefix in Tamil, Malayalam and Tulu. In all these lang lages it is used in its original form an when in this relation.
