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THE INDIAN ANTIQUARY
[OCTOBER, 1911.
Jiddal : adj. perverse. Jidhari, jidhiari: on the day when; tidári, on that day; kiddri what day. Kangra Gloss. Jikkar: (GAGI) a thicket or jungle of trees and bushes hard to ponetrate. Jindh, jindha : the stubble of corn in a field; also called kanki. Kangra Gloss. Jingal: the sardo deer-see god Jinjarare : the ceremony of a woman's second marriage. Jinsal: an army tax. Kangra S. R. (Lyall.), p. 83. Jiyach: a játra : used in the Sanch pargana of Pangi. Jogia: a short red wheat of good quality. Karnal S. R. 1880, p. 189. Johal : the bed of an old drainage channel. Cf. val and váhal. Sirsa S. R. 1883. p. 12.
Johar: marsh and waste land, moist with springs; when cultivated with rice, it is called nadl. Kangra Gloss.
(To be continued.)
MISCELLANEA, RAJPUTS AND MARÅTHÅS.
results of Mr. J. A. Saldanha's investigations Is the Journal of the Royal Anthropological into the tribes and castes of the Savantvádi Institute, Volume XL., January-June 1910, Mr. State of the Bombay Presidency. The remoteCrooke deals with the kindred topics of Rajputs ness of this little State from the more accessible and Marathas, and claims to establish the conten. Konkan and Deccan tracts in which Maraths tion that the term R@jpat denotes a status rather are commonly found, tends to confer a special than a caste. Into the question of the accuracy value on the results of Mr. Saldanha's enquiries. of this contention, I do not propose to enter. So Writing in the Journal of the Bombay Anthrofar as it goes, the evilence adduced is good. But pologicul Society,' he says: a remark seems called for in connection with his "One seldom or never hears the name Kunbi description of the Marathas as the higher status applied to Maratha Shudra cultivators or used vroup of the Kunbi or Kurmi, a tribe widely by them in Savantvadi. In the Bombay Gazetspread in Northern and Western India." It is
teer (Volume X), no separate caste of Kunbi is true, as I have remarked in the Census Report mentioned as existing in the Såvantvadi State. of Bombay, 1901, Chapter VIII, that Marathas are Here many communities, which in the Ratnagiri divided into a lower or cultivating class known as and other neighbouring districts are classed Kunbis, who, when asked their caste, will describe separately from Marathâs, namely, Kunbis and themselves as Marathas, and a higher social Bandes, Ghadis, Lads, Blavins, Guravas, rejoice group which may be called Markthâs proper, in the name of Marathả.” claiming Kshatriya rank. But if Mr. Crooke This tends to support my contention that had been asked to push his investigations further Kunbi is an occupational term, as applied to the in the Bombay Deccan, he would have hesitated lower division of Marathâs, and does not, as to describe the mass of Marathas as of the Kunbi suggested by Mr. Crooke, represent a distinct tribe. So far as I can ascertain, the term Kunbi
tribe. is just as much a 'status'term as Rajput, and
I hope to show later, in dealing with the resulta means little more than a cultivator. In the
of the Ethnographic Survey of Bombay, what Kanarese parts of the Bombay Presidency, the
the chief constituent 'elements of the Marathas corresponding term is 'valkul. Kunbis in the Deccan, who describe themselves as Marathas,
are. They are likely to prove more heteroprobably have an exceedingly mixed origin. At geneous than has hitherto been supposed. At the present day, Kolis who take to cultivation present I have no reason for holding that they are termed Kunbis, and can readily become can correctly be described as consisting largely merged in the Marathi Kunbi caste. An inter- of a Kunbi tribe. sting side-light on the value of the term Kunbi
R. E. ENTHOVEN. when applied to Marathas is thrown by the August 18th, 1911.
1 Volume VIII, p. 7, p. 502.
