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AUGUST, 1911.)
TRIVIKRAMA AND HIS FOLLOWERS
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TRIVIKRAMA AND HIS FOLLOWERS.
BY BHATTANATHA SVAMIN, VIZAGAPATAM.
The Prákpit grammars most familiar to the pandits of South India are the Prakritäprakdea of Vararuchi and the grammars of Trivikrama school. Oi these the pandits give preference to the latter as they treat of six dialects, whereas the former treats of only four. Before proceeding to consider the appropriateness of their giving preference to the latter, I mean to give a short account of the chief works of the latter school.
The well-known works of Trivikrama's school are:
1. Trivikrama's Vritti, the first Adhyâya of which was published in the Granthapradarsin of Vizagapatam.
II. Prdkrita-Manidipa of Appayya Dikshita. A portion of the work was published in the said Granthapradaráini.
III. Shadbhdsh&chandrika of CherokGri Lakshmidbara. It is printed in Telugu characters in Mysore, and is now being published in the Bombay Sanskrit and Prakrit series.
IV. Prakritarûpdratára of Simharâja, son of Samudrabandhayajvan. It is pablished by the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (Prize Publication, Vol. I). .
These four works comment on the same Sitras, the last three changing their original sequence and the first without that change. Some attribute these Sútras to Valmiki, while others to Trivikrama. But let us now consider the opinions of some of the notable men, past and present.
Lakshmidhara, the author of Shadbhashachandriled, attributes them to Valmiki in the following verse :
vág-devi janani yeshám válmikir=müla-sútrakriti
bhdshd-prayogá jieyaste shad-bhdsha-chandrik-adhvand 11 Prof. Hultzsch, after indulging himself in a discussion covering two pages, thinks at the end that his own interpretation of the following verse is far-fetched, but adds: "At any rate, I hope to have proved that the Satra to which Trivikrama alludes was the VAlmiki Satra, and that he was the author of Vritti alone, but not of the Sátra itself."
prakrita-padártha-sártha-práptyai nija-sútramárgam-anujigamishatam
vrittir-yatharthasiddhyai trivikramendgama-kramat-Kriyate il Here nija means sva. If not, we shall have to attribute, on a similar ground, Karikávali to another writer and not to Visvanathapañchanana, for he also says : nija-nirmita-karikávalim. Bat Prof. Holtzsch says that Trivikrama, being a souther ner, might have used the word in the sense "proper, real or true." But I could find no Indian poet using the word in that sense; and I think that no namber of references to Dravidian dictionaries will sapport his position for no Sanskřit poet as a rule uses a Dravidian word in his composition either separately or in compounds,
Moreover, Prof. Haltzsch refers to the words adhika-ndea and nija-ndea of a year to his support. Evidently, the Professor is ander the wrong impression that nija in the latter word means "real." Far from this being the case, it means, again as I say, its own." Nija-mdea means the "year's own month," while adhika-masa means an extra or inserted month. Thus the evidence of a poor pasishangam (Panjika) also goes against him. Therefore, wherever it may occur, the word nija is always synonymous with spa, in Sanskrit. Thus the word nija alone, which cannot but mean, " his own," stands as a great authority to prove that Trivikrama was the author of Sutras as well as Vritti.
