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EPIGRAPHIA INDICA.
[VOL. XIII.
point of view the date is an irregular one. But the given tithi as a mean tithi ended at 2 hours 29 minutes after mean sunrise on the Sunday: and the date in this way may perhaps be accepted as working out satisfactorily. There was, however, no eclipse of the moon, either visible or invisible in India, at this full-moon, or, indeed, at any time in A.D. 1112. And, though a similar case of a mean tithi giving perhaps a satisfactory result has been found in the oase of the Nidagundi inscriptiou of A.D. 1107 (see page 13 above), much more evidence is wanted before we can accept mean tithis, even as occasional instances, in the face of the general indications that all the details of the Hinda calendar were determined by true time from long before the period to which this record belonge. In this case, all that we can really say is that the date may be either Saturday the 7th, or Sunday the 8th, September, A.D. 1112, but the date is an irregular one, at any rate in respect of the alleged eclipse. The passage algo contains the term samkrānti: it says soma-grahaņa-samkrānti-vyatipitad-amdu. This term cannot have been used here in its ordinary meaning, namely, of the entrance of the sun into a sign of the zodiac, as the nearest such sankrantis were Kanyā on 27 August and Talā on 26 September. It has perhaps been used here, in the simple meaning of a coming together,' to denote the beginning of the supposed eclipse, the first contact of the moon and the sun, for which the technical term is usually sparsa, 'touching. The same expression soma-grahaņa-samkranti-vyatipātad-andu is found also in the inscription B, line 93."
Of the varions places mentioned in this inscription, some can be identified, but others remain for further inquiry. We have to note first that the record locates Ittage (verse 3+) in the Nareyamgal twelve and the Belvala district (nadu). The Belvala or properly Belvola district is well known as a three-hundred district, the chief town of which seems to have been Anpigere, now known as Appigēri, in the Nawalgund tāluka of the Dharwār District. And Nareyamgal, which gave its name to the Nareyamgal twelve, is Narēgal in the Roņ tāluka of Dhārwăr, about twenty-six miles east-north-east from Appigēri and twelve miles towards the north-west from Ittagi: there are inscriptions there, published in the Journ. Bombay Branch R. As. Soc., vol. 11, p. 219 ff. Kukkanūru, the chief town of a group of thirty villages (lines 70, 77), still exists under exactly the same name three miles north-by-east from Ittagi; it, also, was in the Beļvola three-hundred:1 it has some unpublished inscriptions and several old temples. Bennekallu, in the Kukkanāru thirty (line 71), is evidently the "Bennikul" of the Atlas sheet 58, five miles south-east from Kukkanir and five and a half miles east of Ittagi. And Talakallu (line 77) is the “Tallukulloo" of the same map, eight miles south-south-east from Kukkanir. Among the places mentioned in verses 74, 75, as the localities where other pious acts were done by the General Mahādēva, Savasi (1. 67) is “Saunshi," se. Saumshi, which is shown in the Indian Atlas quarter-sheet 41, S. E. (1904), in lat. 15° 12', long. 75° 21' : seven miles south-east from it is Guļigere, the "Gudgeri” of the map; these two places are mentioned as forming together “the Savasi. or Samasi-Gudigere &grahāra " in a Tālgund inscription of A.D. 997, and the record seems to mark this as one of "the eighteen agrahāras" which are mentioned in various inscriptions. Kundumgola is, do doubt, Kundgol, an outlying town of the Jamkhandi State about five miles north-west from Sauńshi. Kandgo! and Saumshi are stations on the Southern Mahratta Railway on the Harihar side of Hubli, Vēļugrāme is Belgaum, the chief town of the Belgaum District, Bombay. Vārāṇasi is of course Benares. Svāmi-Pampa-sthala is, no doubt, the well known Hampe, Hampi, the still inhabited part of the great city Vijayanagara in the Bellary District, Madras. Modeganür is mentioned in other records as a nelevidu or standing camp of the Kalacharya
1 See Ind. Ant., vol. 4, p. 277.
Ferguson, History of Indian and Eastern Architecture, 2nd ed., vol. 1, p. 426. . Seu vol. 6 above, p. 254 ; for the record itself see also imperfectly) Epi. Carn., vol. 7 (Shimoga), Sk. 179.
