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xxix
(ii) Present Passive Participle is formed by adding a or माण to the Passive form of the root e. g. करिज्जंत, करिज्जमाण · being done,'foda, HATT“ being given.'
(iii) Past Active Participle is formed dy adding ja to the Past Passive Participle e.g. razda (he )protected' (he) laughed'. Its use is extremely rare in Ardha-Māgadhi.
(iv) Past Passive Participle is generally formed by adding इय to the root e. g. रक्खिय 'protected' पुरिछय 'asked' चलिय 'shaken.' Irregular.
192 (Skt. a) 'gone' *(Skt. ga ) done' ya, #, (Skt. a)' dead' g ( Skt yta ) released 'etc.
(v) Future Active Participle. No examples have been met in the scriptures.
(vi) Future Passive participle ( Necessitative ) is forined (a) by adding fwa to the root or ( b ) by adding on to the Past Passive Participle e. g. **FUT537 ought to be done' azioa, ought to be groetod, respectablo' TITTET ought to bo seen', TTT ought to be known, 'knowable 'greenaa 'ought to be asked.'
Irregular.
57457 'ought to be done' 15 drinkable'.
Gerund.
ought to be drunk,
39
Gerundial Participle is formed in many ways. The chief ones are noted below:
(i) By adding इत्ता to the root e.g. पासित्ता having seen' करिता 'having done they are having gone.'
(ii) By adding or to form No. 10. g. gríaart 'having seen,' घाइताणं having left.'
(iii) By adding sri or gaat to the root e.g. arst'having known' दाऊणं - having given ' बांधिजणं 'having bound' पासिऊणं • having seen.'
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