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४०१] त्रिंश अध्ययन 809]
Salient Elucidations
Gatha 7-External penance-Due to following causes it is called external penance (1) Fast etc., are external causes to attain salvation. (2) It is based on external substances like body etc. (3) It is the cause of salvation by the medium of internal penances, not itself eminent direct cause.
Internal penance-Contrary to external penances which is not based on external means, like body etc., which is aroused itself by mind, and practised by wise and discretionary practisers, that meditation etc., is internal penance.
सचित्र उत्तराध्ययन सूत्र
Gatha 10-11-Short-period fast penance observed according to the circumstances of country, time etc., and own strength, with the limit of a certain time-period.
In the religious order of Bhagawana Mahavira, this limit is settled minimum 48 minutes (2 ghadis) to maximum six months.
Briefly, this penance is of six types.
(1) Series or chain penance (śreņi tapa)-Beginning with one day fast gradually increasing in a line upto six months, the penance practised is a series fast penance. For example, one day fast, two days' fast-it is two line fast penance and one-two-thre-four days' is a four line series fast penance.
(2) Pratara tapa-A series penance can be observed in as many ways, combining all those ways, makes a pratara tapa. For example 1, 2, 3, 4 days' fast penance carries four ways. Following table shows it
S. No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1
1 fast
2 fast
3 fast
4 fast
2
2 fast
3 fast
4 fast
1 fast
3
3 fast
4 fast
1 fast
2 fast
4
4 fast
1 fast
2 fast
3 fast
It is pratara tapa. There are sixteen lines (padas) in it. Multiplying series lines by series lines the penance comes in existence. Multiplying four by four the digit of sixteen is gotten. It is equal in length and breadth or extension and expansion.
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(3) Cube penanance (ghana tapa)-The series of as much lines multiplying pratara tapa by all those lines makes a cube penance (ghana pata). As in abovesaid example the series is of four lines. Hence multiplying sixteen line penance by four-line series meaning observing pratara tapa four times makes a cube penance (ghana tapa). Thus there are 64 lines of cube fast penance.
(4) Square penance (varga tapa)-Multiplying cube penance by cube penance makes a square penance, meaning for getting square penance the cube penance is to be multiplied by 64 times. Hence the lines of square penance are 64 x 64 = 4096 padas.
(5) Square-square penance (varga-varga tapa)-Square-square penance can be gotten by multiplying square penance to square penance meaning multiplying square penance by the digit 4096. It would be equal to 1,67,77,216.
It is the digit of 4 line series penance. Like this the digits can be calculated of 5, 6, 7 lines etc.
(6) Of any arrangement or miscellaneous penance (prakirna tapa)- This fast penance can be observed by one's own will and according to his capacity. It needs not the construction of series etc. Beginning from Naukärsi, yavamadhya, vajramadhya, candrapratima and increasing to a fortnight and then gradually decreasing to one day fast etc., this is.
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