Sramana 2001 04

Author(s): Shivprasad
Publisher: Parshvanath Vidhyashram Varanasi
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/525044/1

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zramaNa SAMANA apraila-sitambara 2001 pArzvanAtha vArANasI sAMgala pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI PARSWANATHA VIDYAPITHA, VARANASI -

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varSa 52. zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI traimAsika zodha-patrikA pradhAna sampAdaka prophesara bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara' aMka 4-9 apraila-sitambara saMyuktAMka 2001 parAmarzadAtA prophesara sAgaramala jaina sampAdaka DaoN. zivaprasAda prakAzanArtha lekha - sAmagrI, samAcAra, vijJApana evaM sadasyatA Adi ke lie samparka kareM sampAdaka zramaNa pArzvanAtha vidyApITha AI. TI. AI. mArga, karauMdI po. oN. - bI.eca.yU. vArANasI-221005 (u. pra. ) e-mail : parshwanathvidyapeeth@rediffmail.com dUrabhASa: 316521, 318046 phaiksa : 0542-318046 ISSN-0972-1002 vArSika sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru.150.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru. 100.00 isa aMka kA mUlya : ru. 50.00 AjIvana sadasyatA zulka saMsthAoM ke lie : ru.1000.00 vyaktiyoM ke lie : ru.500.00 Ti sadasyatA zulka kA ceka yA DrAphTa kevala pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke nAma se hI bheMje /

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9. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. hindI khaNDa dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha (siddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmatiprakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM) zramaNa viSaya-sUcI anekAntavAda aura usakI samasAmayikatA - DaoN0 ajaya kumAra vaizAlI - AcArya vijayendrasUri ajaya kumAra sinhA DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha mahAvIra ke janmasthAna para nayA prakAza sarasvatI jainadharma ke caturvidha saMghoM kA pArasparika sahadAyittva kharataragaccha - kIrtiratnasUrizAkhA kA saMkSipta itihAsa devaloka aura tiryaJca meM nAga jainadharma, saMskRti aura kalA ke vikAsa meM gaMga cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjavaMzoM kA yogadAna - pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 10. bhAratIya bhASAoM kA prathama vyaMgya upanyAsa - dhUrttAkhyAna 14. gujarAtI sAhityamAM jaina bhaktikAvyo 17. Samyakdarshan 18. vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM 19. jaina jagat 20. sAhitya-satkAra DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya 11. Adhunika vizva meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA - dulIcanda jaina 12. zodhaprabandhasAra 13. zodhaprabandhasAra DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha - - gujarAtI khaMDa DaoN0 zivaprasAda zrI bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA - - pro0 zyAmasundara ghoSa 129-133 134-143 aMgrejI khaNDa 15. The Impact of Nyaya and Vaisesika School of Jaina Prof. Sagarmal Jain 16. Rightful exposition of Jainism in the West Philosophy Dr. N.L. Jain J.P. Jain 'Sadhak" pannAlAla rasikalAla zAha 1-15 16-19 20-49 50-54 55-62 63-73 74-88 89-112 144-147 zrImatI zAradA siMha zrImatI kiraNa zrIvAstava 148 - 151 113-128 942-993 164-169 170-179 180-184 185-186 187-207 208-218

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sampAdakIya zramaNa- apraila-sitambara saMyuktAMka 2001 pAThakoM ke samakSa upasthita karate hue harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| isa aMka meM bhI jainadarzana, ahiMsA, jaina saMgha, itihAsa Adi se sambandhita Alekha prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma kA yaha 2600vAM varSa cala rahA hai| yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai ki abhI taka bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi kahAM hai, isa bAta kA sarvamAnya nirNaya nahIM ho sakA hai| jaina samAja kA eka varga bihAra prAnta ke muMgera jile meM sthita lachavAr3a nAmaka sthAna ko janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM mAnya karatA hai to dUsarA varga kuNDalapura nAmaka sthAna ko janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM svIkAra karatA hai| yoropIya vidvAn evaM aneka itihAsavid mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM mujaphpharapura jile meM sthita vaizAlI ko mAnate haiN| prAgaitihAsika kAla meM hue Adi tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva, rAma, kRSNa Adi kI janmabhUmi ke sambandha meM jahA~ koI matabheda nahIM hai vahIM aitihAsika yuga meM hue bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kA sarvamAnya nirNaya na ho pAnA Azcaryajanaka hai| . isa aMka meM hama suprasiddha itihAsavettA sva0 AcArya vijayendrasUri dvArA likhita pustikA vaizAlI ko avikala rUpa meM prakAzita kara rahe haiN| isameM AcAryazrI ne vaizAlI ko bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM vibhinna sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para mAnyatA pradAna kI hai jabaki isI ke sAtha hI prakAzita dUsare Alekha meM lachavAr3a ko janmabhUmi siddha kiyA gayA hai| sudhI pAThakoM se nivedana hai ki ve donoM AlekhoM ko par3ha kara bhagavAn ke sahI janmabhUmi sthala kA nirNaya kreN| isa sambandha meM hameM apane pAThakoM ke patroM kA intajAra rhegaa| isI aMka meM devaloka aura tiryazca meM nAga nAmaka eka Alekha bhI prakAzita hai jo hameM suprasiddha vicAraka evaM vayovRddha vidvAn zrI bhaMvaralAla jI nAhaTA ke saujanya se prApta huA hai| zrI nAhaTA jI kA ukta Alekha hameM varSoM pUrva prApta ho gayA thA, parantu use abhI taka hama prakAzita karane meM saphala na ho sake the| hameM isa bAta kA santoSa hai ki aba vaha Alekha prakAzita ho rahA hai| Apako yaha aMka kaisA lagA, isa sambandha meM pAThakagaNa apane bahumUlya sujhAvoM se hameM avagata karAne kI kRpA kareM tAki agale aMkoM meM Avazyaka sudhAra kiyA jA ske| sampAdaka

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dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha (siddhasena divAkarakRta 'sanmati-prakaraNa' ke vizeSa sandarbha meM) DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya siddhasena divAkara (4thI-5vIM zatI) dvArA viracita "sanmati-prakaraNa' jaina dArzanika jagat kA eka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai, jo zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM sampradAyoM meM samAna rUpa se mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena kI isa prAkRta racanA meM nayoM kA vizuddha vivecana, tarka ke AdhAra para paJcajJAna kI paricarcA, pratipakSI darzana kA bhI sApekSa bhUmikA para samarthana tathA samyaktvasparzI anekAnta kA yuktipurassara pratipAdana isa grantha kA pramukha pratipAdya hai| sanmati-prakaraNa meM kula tIna kANDa aura 167 gAthAyeM haiN| prathama nayakANDa meM 54, dvitIya jIvakANDa meM 47 tathA tRtIya jJeyakANDa meM kula 69 gAthAyeM haiN| prathama nayakANDa meM nayavAda kI vyApaka carcA unake bhedoM sahita kI gayI hai| dvitIya jIvakANDa meM jJAna tathA tRtIya jJeyakANDa meM jJeya kI mImAMsA kI gayI hai| sanmati kI bhASA prAkRta (mahArASTrI) tathA zailI padyamaya hai| sanmati-prakaraNa ke mukhya vivecya nayavAda, dravya-guNa-paryAya, anekAntavAda, pramANa, naya-nikSepa sambandha yojanA Adi viSaya haiN| cUMki hamArA abhISTa dravya, guNa aura paryAya kA pArasparika sambandha hai, ata: sarvaprathama hama dravya, guNa, paryAya kA saMkSipta paricaya dete hue unake pArasparika sambandhoM kI carcA kreNge| dravya kA svarUpa aura prakAra dravya kI avadhAraNA jaina tattvamImAMsA kA eka viziSTa aMga hai| jo astitvavAn hai vaha dravya kahalAtA hai| 'dru' dhAtu ke sAtha 'ya' pratyaya ke yoga se niSpanna 'dravya' zabda kA artha hai- yogy| jo bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM ko prApta huA, prApta hotA hai aura prApta hogA- vaha dravya hai| jainendra vyAkaraNa ke anusAra 'dravya' zabda ivArthaka nipAta hai 'dravyaM bhavye'' isa jainendra vyAkaraNa ke sUtrAnusAra 'dru' kI taraha jo ho vaha dravya hai| jisa prakAra binA gAMTha kI lakar3I bar3haI Adi ke nimitta se kursI Adi aneka AkAroM ko prApta hotI hai usI prakAra dravya bhI bAhya aura Abhyantara kAraNoM se una-una paryAyoM ko prApta hotA rahatA hai| kundakunda ne nirukta kI dRSTi se vicAra karate hue mukhya rUpa *. variSTha pravaktA, jaina vidyA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha.

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se dravya kI do kasauTiyoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jo una-una sadbhUta paryAyoM ko prApta karatA hai tathA jo sattA se ananyabhUta ho, vaha dravya hai| umAsvAti ne dravya kA lakSaNa sat tathA 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM' kiyA hai| arthAt jo utpatti aura vinAza ko prApta hote hue bhI dhruva yA nitya rahatA hai- vaha dravya hai| kundakunda ke anusAra jo apane astitva svabhAva ko na chor3ate hue utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya se yukta hone ke sAtha guNavAn aura paryAyavAn hotA hai, vaha dravya hai| dhrauvya svabhAvamaya nitya, pariNamanazIla artha meM prayukta hone vAle isa dravya ke aneka paryAyavAcI zabda upalabdha hote haiM yathA- sattA, sat yA satva, sAmAnya, dravya, anvaya, vastu, artha aura vidhi ye nau zabda sAmAnyata: dravya zabda ke vAcaka haiN| jaina darzana meM sat aura dravya paryAyavAcI haiN| sAMkhya prakRti puruSa ke artha meM, cArvAka bhUtacatuSTaya ke artha meM aura nyAya-vaizeSika paramANuvAda ke rUpa meM dravya zabda ko grahaNa karate haiN| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya sat hai aura dravya kA svabhAva hai utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA aikya prinnaam| AgamoM meM sat ke sthAna para 'astikAya' aura 'dravya' ina do zabdoM kA hI prayoga dekhA jAtA hai| dravya kI sarvaprathama paribhASA uttarAdhyayana (28/6) meM hai jahA~ 'guNAnAM Asavo davvo' kahakara guNoM ke Azrayasthala ko dravya kahA gayA hai; kintu isake pUrva kI gAthA meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki dravya, guNa aura paryAya sabhI ko jAnane vAlA jJAna hai (uttarA0, 28/5) / uttarAdhyayana kI yaha paribhASA nyAya-vaizeSika darzana ke adhika nikaTa hai| dravya kI anya paribhASA 'guNAnAM samUho davvo' aura 'guNaparyAyavadravyam' ke rUpa meM bhI milatI hai| ata: dravya ke svarUpa kI dRSTi se vicAra karane para mukhya rUpa se do avadhAraNAyeM ubhara kara sAmane AtI haiM- dravya kA sat arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya yukta honA tathA guNa aura paryAyayukta honaa| ye donoM hI paribhASAyeM AcArya umAsvAti (2sarI-3sarI zatI) ne apane tattvArthasUtra meM dI hai| isI ko aura spaSTa karate hue kundakunda ne pravacanasAra (95-96) meM kahA hai ki 'jo aparityakta svabhAva vAlA utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvyayukta tathA guNa, paryAyasahita hai, vaha dravya hai| anuyogadvAra meM 'nAma' ke antargata- dravyanAma, guNanAma aura paryAyanAma ina tIna prakAroM kA ullekha hai| vahAM dravya ke artha meM sata saMjJA upalabdha nahIM hotii| umAsvAti ne anya bhAratIya dArzanika paramparAoM meM svIkRta sat kI avadhAraNA kA tulanAtmaka dRSTi se vicAra karate hue sat kA svarUpa nirdhArita kiyA, jo mukhyatayA anekAntavAda para AdhArita hai| jaina darzana sat kA AdhAra na kevala nityatA yA anityatA balki nityAnityatA mAnatA hai| DaoN0 padmarAje ne sat kI avadhAraNA ke AdhAra para bhAratIya darzanoM ko pAMca vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai The Philosopy of Being or Identity, The Philosopy of Becoming (change) or Difference, The Philosopy subordinating Identity to Difference,

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The Philosopy subordinating Difference to Identity, The Philosopy co-ordinating both Identity and Difference.5 uparyukta paJca avadhAraNAoM meM se jaina avadhAraNA kA ullekha pAMcaveM varga meM kiyA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra sat vaha hai jo bheda aura abheda sApekSa ho / umAsvAti kI sat kI paribhASA meM utpAdavyadhrauvyatva' aura guNaparyAyAtmakatva donoM kA samAveza ho jAtA hai| AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM kI saMyukta avasthA ko dravya kahA hai| " anyatra dravya ke parimANAtmaka svarUpa kI carcA karate hue ve likhate haiM- eka dravya ke bhItara jo atIta, vartamAna aura anAgata arthaparyAya aura vyaJjanaparyAya hotI hai vaha dravya utanA hI hotA hai|' siddhasena ne dravya ke sandarbha meM paryAya kI carcA kI hai guNa kI nahIM, kyoMki ve mUlataH guNa aura paryAya ko abhinna mAnate haiN| jaina darzana meM dravya ke chaH pradhAna bheda kiye gaye haiM-- jIva, dharma, adharma, AkAza, pudgala aura kaal| dravya ke do bheda saMyoga aura samavAya dravya bhI milate haiN| isake atirikta dravya ke mUrta-amUrta, kriyAvAn bhAvavAn, eka-aneka apekSA, pariNAmI va nitya apekSA, sapradezI - apradezI, kSetravAn - akSetravAn, sarvagata-asarvagata Adi bheda bhI milate haiN| 1 guNa kA svarUpa aura prakAra dravya ke sahabhAvI dharma ko guNa kahate haiM / Agama sAhitya meM mUlataH dravya aura paryAya kI carcA hai| kahIM-kahIM guNa kI bhI carcA upalabdha hotI hai; kintu vahAM guNa kA vaha artha abhipreta nahIM hai, jo vartamAna sandarbha meM vivakSita hai| AcArAGgasUtra meM eka sthala para AyA hai-- ' je guNe se AvaTTe, je AvaTTe se guNe / 1deg yahAM guNa kA artha indriya-viSaya hai| isI prakAra vyAkhyAprajJapti meM paJcAstikAya ke sandarbha meM 'guNa' zabda kA prayoga anekazaH huA hai; kintu vahAM guNa kA artha sahabhAvI dharma ke artha meM na hokara upakAraka zakti ke artha meM hai| prAcIna Agama sAhitya meM sahabhAvI va kramabhAvI - donoM hI dharmoM kA paryAya pada se nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| anuyogadvAra aura uttarAdhyayana meM 'guNa' kA jJeya ke sandarbha meM svatantra nirUpaNa huA hai, para anuyogadvAra aura uttarAdhyayana kI paramparA uttarakAlIna hai| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dravya ko guNoM kA Azraya na mAnakara guNoM ko ekamAtra dravyAzrita siddha kiyA hai| vastutaH guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiM, yaha paribhASA guNoM kA dravya ke sAtha nairantarya sUcita karatI hai / uttarAdhyayana meM guNa aura paryAya kA svatantra lakSaNa kiyA gayA hai| umAsvAti bhI dravya kI paribhASA meM guNa aura paryAya donoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| guNa kI paribhASA karate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki 'dravyAzrayA nirguNA guNAH / 11 umAsvAti kI isa paribhASA

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meM nirguNa vizeSaNa kA prayoga mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha paribhASA sAmAnyatayA AtmavirodhI-sI pratIta hotI hai; kintu isa paribhASA kI mUlabhUta dRSTi yaha hai ki yadi hama guNa kA bhI guNa mAneMge to anavasthA doSa kA prasaMga aayegaa| dravya ke sAtha guNoM kI aparihAryatA hai; kintu guNa meM guNoM kA sadbhAva nahIM hai| vaizeSika darzana meM guNa kI dravya se svatantra sattA mAnI gayI hai| unake anusAra dravya jaba utpanna hotA hai taba prathama kSaNa meM vaha nirguNa hotA hai| bAda meM samavAya ke dvArA dravya aura guNa kA sambandha sthApita hotA hai| jaina darzana ke anusAra dravya guNa kA avinAbhAvI sambandha hai| jisa prakAra dravya kI guNoM se pRthak koI sattA nahIM hai usI prakAra guNoM kI dravya se pRthak koI abhivyakti nahI hotii| bhaTTa akalaMka ne "nityaM dravyamAzritya ye vartante te guNA iti'' kahakara guNa kI paribhASA kI hai| guNa ke bheda gaNa ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM--- 1. sAmAnya yA sAdhAraNa guNa tathA 2. vizeSa yA asAdhAraNa gunn| jo guNa samasta dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se pAye jAte haiM, sAmAnya guNa kahalAte haiN| sAdhAraNa yA sAmAnya guNoM se kevala dravyatva kI siddhi hotI hai aura vizeSa guNoM se dravya vizeSa kI siddhi hotI hai jaise- caitanya guNa jIva dravya meM hI hotA hai, zeSa pAMca dravyoM meM nhiiN| astitva, vastutva, dravyatva, prameyatva, agurulaghutva, pradezatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva ye dasa sAmAnya guNa pAye jAte haiN| pravacanasAra kI tAtparyavRtti ke anusAra astitva, nAstitva, ekatva, dravyatva, paryAyatva, sarvagatatva, asarvagatatva, sapradezatva, apradezatva, mUrtatva, sAkriyatva, akriyatva, cetanatva, acetanatva, kartRtva, akartRtva, bhoktRtva, abhoktRtva, agurulaghutva ityAdi sAmAnya guNa haiN|12 nayacakra, AlApapaddhati, dravyAnuyogatarkaNA Adi granthoM meM uparyukta sAmAnya guNoM ke atirikta cetanatva, acetanatva, mUrtatva, amUrtatva cAra sAmAnya guNoM kA ullekha aura milatA hai| vizeSa guNa ve haiM jo samasta dravyoM meM samAna rUpa se upalabdha nahIM hote| dUsare zabdoM meM, ve vizeSatAeM yA lakSaNa jinake AdhAra para eka dravya ko dUsare dravya se alaga kiyA jA sakatA hai, viziSTa guNa kahe jAte haiN| ina vizeSa guNoM kI saMkhyA solaha haijJAna, darzana, sukha, vIrya, sparza, rasa, gandha, varNa, gatihetutva, vartanAhetutva, avagAhahetutva, cetanatva, mUrtatva aura amuurttv| inameM se jIva va pudgala meM cha:-cha: tathA zeSa cAra dravyoM meM tIna-tIna hote haiN| pravacanasAra TIkA tAtparyavRtti ke anusAra avagAhanAhetutva, gatihetutva, sthitihetutva, vartanAhetutva, rUpAdimatva, cetanatva Adi vizeSa guNa haiN| ye kramaza: AkAza, dharma, adharma, kAla, pudgala aura jIva ke vizeSa guNa haiN| dravya ke anusAra usake guNa bhI mUrta, cetana hote haiN| akalaMka ne astitva,

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anyatva, kartRtva, bhoktRtva, paryAyatva, asarvagatatva, anAdisantati-bandhanabandhatva, pradezatva, arUpatva, nityatva Adi bhAvoM ko pAriNAmika bhAva kahA hai| 13 guNa pariNamanazIla haiM; kintu eka guNa anya guNa rUpa pariNamana nahIM karatA / paryAya svarUpa aura prakAra dravya ke vikAra athavA avasthA vizeSa ko paryAya kahate haiN| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra dravya meM ghaTita hone vAle vibhinna parivartana hI paryAya kahalAte haiN| vyutpatti ke anusAra jo svabhAva-vibhAva rUpa se gamana karatI hai, pariNamana karatI hai, vaha paryAya hai / 4 dUsarI paribhASA ke anusAra jo dravya aura guNa donoM ke Azrita rahatA hai, use paryAya kahA jAtA hai| 15 jisa prakAra dravya kA sahabhAvI dharma guNa kahalAtA hai usI prakAra dravya kA kramabhAvI dharma paryAya kahalAtA hai| jaise-- sukha-duHkha, harSa aadi| dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to dravya kA anvayI aMza guNa aura vyatirekI aMza paryAya kahalAtA hai| dravya bheda meM abheda kA pratIka hai jabaki paryAya abheda meM bheda kaa| kahA bhI gayA hai| 'parisamantAdAyaH paryAyaH 16 arthAt jo saba ora se bheda ko prApta kare vaha paryAya hai| pUjyapAda ne paryAya, vizeSa, apavAda, vyAvRtti ko ekArthaka batAyA hai| 17 paryAya ke liye 'pariNAma' zabda kA prayoga bhI milatA hai| urdhvatAsAmAnya rUpa dravya kI paryAyoM ko pariNAma kahA jAtA hai / urdhvatA sAmAnya kA artha hai - kAlakRta bhinna-bhinna avasthAoM meM samAnatA kI anubhUti / jaise dravyArthikanaya se jIva zAzvata hai aura paryAyArthika naya se azAzvata hai / umAsvAti ne bhI paryAya ke artha meM pariNAma kA prayoga kiyA hai / 18 eka dharma kI nivRtti hone para itara dharma kI utpattirUpa dravya kI jo parispandanAtmaka paryAya hai use urdhvatA sAmAnya pariNAma kahate haiN| - paryAyoM ke prakAroM kI Agamika AdhAroM para carcA karate hue muni kanhaiyAlAla 'kamala' ne dravyAnuyoga ( pR0 38) meM kahA hai ki prajJApanAsUtra meM paryAya ke do bheda pratipAdita haiM- (1) jIva paryAya tathA (2) ajIva pryaay| ye donoM prakAra kI paryAyeM ananta hotI haiN| punaH paryAya ke do bheda haiM- dravya paryAya aura guNa paryAya / " aneka dravyoM meM aikya kA bodha karAne meM kAraNabhUta dravya paryAya hai| guNaparyAya vaha hai jo guNa ke dvArA anvaya rUpa ekatva pratipatti kA kAraNabhUta hotI hai| eka anya apekSA se paryAya ke do bheda kiye gaye haiM- 1. arthaparyAya aura 2. vyaJjanaparyAya / bhedoM kI paramparA meM jitanA sadRza pariNAma pravAha kisI eka zabda ke liye vAcya banakara prayukta hotA hai, vaha paryAya vyaJjanaparyAya kahalAtA hai tathA paramparA meM jo antima aura avibhAjya hai vaha artha paryAya kahalAtA hai, jaise cetana padArtha kA sAmAnya rUpa jIvatva hai| kAla, karma Adi ke kAraNa unameM upAdhikRta saMsAritva, manuSyatva, puruSatva Adi bhedoM vAlI paramparAoM meM se 'puruSa' zabda kA pratipAdya jo sadRza paryAya pravAha hai vaha vyaJjanaparyAya ---

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6 20 tathA puruSa rUpa meM sadRza paryAya ke antargata dUsare bAla, yuvA Adi jo bheda haiM unheM arthaparyAya kahate haiM / 2deg dUsare zabdoM meM kaheM to eka hI paryAya kI kramabhAvI paryAyoM ko arthaparyAya tathA padArtha kI usake vibhinna prakAroM evaM bhedoM meM jo paryAya hotI hai, use vyaJjanaparyAya kahate haiN| inameM se vyaJjanaparyAya sthUla aura dIrghakAlika paryAya hai tathA arthaparyAya sUkSma aura vartamAnakAlika paryAya hai / arthaparyAya mUrta-amUrta sabhI dravyoM meM hotI hai jabaki vyaJjanaparyAya kA sambandha kevala mUrta athavA saMsArI jIva va pudgala ke sAtha hI hai| paryAyoM kA eka vibhAjana svabhAva paryAya aura vibhAva paryAya ke rUpa meM bhI milatA hai, jo paryAya paranimittoM se nirapekSa hotI hai use svabhAva paryAya tathA jo paranimittoM se sApekSa hotI hai use vibhAva paryAya kahA jAtA hai| paryAya ke lakSaNa haiM- ekatva, pRthakatva, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, saMyoga tathA vibhAga / 21 paryAya dravya se sarvathA bhinna nahIM pAyI jAtI; kintu vaha dravya svarUpa hI upalabdha hotI hai| dravya aura guNa kA sambandha dravya aura guNa ke sambandha ko lekara bhAratIya darzana meM mukhya rUpa se do avadhAraNAyeM upalabdha hotI haiN| unameM se eka avadhAraNA ekAntataH bhinnatA ko AdhAra mAnatI hai to dUsarI ekAntataH abhinnatA ko / ekAnta bheda ko mAnane vAle vaizeSikoM anusAra guNa sarvathA bhinna haiN| Adya kSaNa meM guNa nirguNa hotA hai tadanantara samavAya nAmaka padArtha ke dvArA donoM meM sambandha sthApita hotA hai| dravya aura guNa isa pRthakatA ke do mukhya kAraNa haiM kI 1. lakSaNa kI bhinnatA 2. grAhaka pramANa kI bhinnatA / vaizeSikoM kA kahanA hai ki dravya aura guNa ke lakSaNa bhinna-bhinna haiN| dravya guNoM kA AdhAra hai jabaki guNa dravya ke Azrita rahate haiN| dravya guNavAn hotA hai jabaki guNa nirguNa hote haiM / dravya kriyAvAn hotA hai jabaki guNa niSkriya hote haiN| ataH donoM nitAnta bhinna haiN|22 isI prakAra guNa aura dravya ke grAhaka pramANa bhI bhinna-bhinna haiN| ghaTa, paTa Adi dravyoM kA grahaNa eka se adhika indriyoM dvArA hotA hai aura isameM mAnasika anusandhAna bhI sAtha hotA hai jabaki rUpa, rasa, gandha Adi guNoM kA grahaNa eka indriya sApekSa hotA hai tathA isameM mAnasika anusandhAna bhI nahIM hotaa| isa prakAra donoM ke lakSaNaaura grAhaka pramANa bhinna hone se donoM pRthak haiN| siddhasena divAkara ne ekAntabhedavAdI vaizeSikoM kI isa dalIla ko sanmati prakaraNa meM 'kei' (kecid) zabda dvArA pUrvapakSa ke rUpa meM rakhA hai ---

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rUpa-rasa-gaMdha-phAsA asamANaggahaNa-lakkhaNA jmhaa| tamhA davvANugayA guNa tti te kei icchnti|| 23 vRttikAra abhayadeva sari ne apane 'sanmati-tarka-prakaraNama' meM 'kei' pada kI vyAkhyA meM bhedavAdI vaizeSikoM tathA 'svayUthya' arthAt katipaya siddhAnta se anabhijJa jainAcAryoM kA grahaNa kiyA hai| paM0 sukhalAlajI evaM becaradAsajI ne vRttikAra ke abhimata kI samIkSA kI hai| unakI mAnyatA hai ki dravya ko guNoM se bhinna mAnane vAlA koI jainAcArya to sambhava hI nahIM hai|24 upAdhyAya yazovijaya ne apane 'dravya-guNa-paryAya no rAsa'25 meM "koika digambarAnusArI zaktirUpa guNa bhASai chai, je mATe te ...... guNa paryAya nu kAraNa guNa'' kahakara kisI digambara vidvAn dvArA bheda kI paramparA mAnane kA ullekha kiyA hai| kintu yaha digambara vidvAn kauna hai? yaha kahanA sarvathA kaThina hai, kyoMki dravya aura gaNa meM sarvathA bheda jaina darzana kI anekAnta vyavasthA ke nitAnta pratikUla hai| phira bhI yaha kalpanA kI jA sakatI hai ki dravya aura gaNa meM bheda svIkArane vAle vaizeSikoM se prabhAvita rahe hoNge| isa ekAnta bhedavAda kA prabala khaNDana umAsvAti, siddhasena, akalaMka, kundakunda, haribhadra Adi AcAryoM ne kiyA hai| nyAya-vaizeSika dArzanika vyapadeza, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, viSaya Adi ke AdhAra para dravya aura guNa ko bhinna batalAte haiM; kintu kundakundAcArya ke anusAra vyapadeza, saMkhyA, saMsthAna, viSaya Adi jisa taraha bheda meM hote haiM usI taraha abheda meM bhI hote haiN| jahA~ aneka dravyoM kI apekSA pratipAdana ho vahA~ vyapadeza Adi kA bheda-bhedavAda kA pratIka bana jAtA hai| jahA~ eka hI dravya kI apekSA kathana ho vahA~ vyapadeza Adi abheda kA pratIka bana jAtA hai|26 ata: dravya aura guNa sarvathA bhinna nahIM haiN| sarvathA bheda vahIM hotA hai jahA~ pradeza bheda ho| jisa prakAra svarNa aura pIta meM saMjJA Adi kA bheda hone para bhI pradeza bheda nahIM hai usI prakAra dravya aura gaNa meM bhI pradeza bheda nahIM hai| vaizeSikoM kA yaha tarka ki dharma aura dharmI sarvathA bhinna hone para bhI samavAya sambandha se sambandhita hote haiM, jaina darzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| jaina dArzanika kahate haiM ki eka to samavAya kI svatantra sattA nahIM hai, yadi samavAya kI svatantra sattA mAna bhI leM to jisa prakAra paTa meM paTatva kA hetu samavAya hai usI prakAra samavAya meM samavAyatva ke sambandha kA hetu koI dUsarA samavAya honA caahie| isI taraha dUsare samavAya meM samavAyatva ke sambandha kA hetu koI tIsarA samavAya mAnanA hogA aura isa prakAra anavasthA doSa kI prasakti hogii| yadi yaha kahA jAya ki samavAya meM samavAyatva kA honA apekSita nahIM hai to samavAya niHsvabhAva ho jaayegaa| ata: dharma aura dharmI ko sarvathA bhinna mAnanA aura phira usameM samavAya sambandha mAnanA kathamapi yuktiyukta nahIM hai| jaina darzana aise padArthoM meM tAdAtmya sambandha mAnatA hai|27 jainoM ke anusAra guNa se rahita hokara na to dravya kI koI sattA hotI hai, na dravya se rahita guNa kii| ata: sattA

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ke svara para guNa aura dravya meM abheda hai jabaki vaicArika stara para donoM meM bheda kiyA jA sakatA hai|28 siddhasena divAkara kA abhimata siddhasena divAkara anekAntavAda ke pratiSThApaka hone ke kAraNa dravya aura guNa ke bhedAbheda sambandha ko sApekSatA ke AdhAra para samAhita karate haiN| jainoM kI 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' kI vyAkhyA ko AdhAra banAkara bhedavAdI kahate haiM ki dravya kA lakSaNa hai- sthiratA aura guNa kA lakSaNa hai- utpAda vyaya, ata: donoM ke lakSaNa bhinna hone se donoM bhinna haiN| siddhasena ke anusAra isa avadhAraNA meM avyAptidoSa hai| dravya kI taraha guNa bhI sthira rahate haiM aura guNa kI taraha dravya kA bhI utpAda-vyaya dekhA jAtA hai; kintu mAtra sthiratA ko dravya kA, evaM utpatti-vinAza ko guNa kA lakSaNa batAnA avyAptidoSa hai| yaha lakSaNa kevala dravya aura kevala guNa meM bhinna-bhinna ghaTegA; kintu eka samagra sat meM nhiiN|29 siddhasena kI mAnyatA hai ki dharmI aura dharma kevala ekAnta bhinna nahIM haiM, ve paraspara abhinna bhI haiN| dharmI bhI, dharma kI bhAMti utpAda-vinAzavAn hI hai aura dharma bhI dharmI kI bhAMti sthira hai| ata: dravya yA sat dharma-dharmI ubhaya rUpa hai| ve tarka dete haiM ki yadi guNa dravya se bhinna haiM to yA ve mUrta hoMge yA amuurt| yadi mUrta hoM to paramANu bhI indriyagrAhya bana jAyeMge jo sambhava nahIM hai aura yadi amUrta hoM to unakA indriyoM dvArA grahaNa hI sambhava nahIM hogA jabaki ghaTa, paTa, nIla Adi kA pratyakSa indriyoM dvArA grahaNa hotA hai ata: dravya ko guNoM se bhinna nahIM mAnA jA sktaa|3deg siddhasena ke anusAra uparyukta doSApatti se bacane kA zreyaskara mArga hai-- bhedAbheda kI sviikRti| bhedAbheda mAnane para mUrta-amUrta kA prazna svata: samAhita ho jAtA hai| siddhasena divAkara ne marta-amarta kI bheda rekhA varNa, gandha, rasa aura sparza kI sahabhAvitA se alaga indriyoM kI grAhyatA va agrAhyatA ke AdhAra para nirdhArita kI hai| kundakunda ne bhI mUrta ko indriyagrAhya aura amUrta ko indriya agrAhya kahA hai|31 sanmatikAra ne mUrta aura amUrta ke pariprekSya meM mUlata: paramANu kA ullekha kiyA hai| jahA~ taka paramANu ke indriyagrAhya na hone kA prazna hai, siddhasena kA vicAra Agama sammata hai, para jahA~ ve mUrta-amUrta kI bhedaka kasauTI ke rUpa meM indriyagrAhyatA ko AdhAra banAte haiM vahA~ ve Agama paramparA se bhinna jAte pratIta hote haiN| dravya aura guNa kA ekAnta abhedavAda bhedavAdI dravya kI niraMza akhaNDa sattA mAnate haiN| unake anusAra dravya meM guNakRta vibhAga nahIM hote| dravya aura gaNa paraspara avyatirikta hone se abhinna haiN| advaita vedAntI, sAMkhya aura mImAMsaka vastu ko sarvathA sAmAnya mAnate haiN| unake mata meM sAmAnya se alaga vizeSa kahIM dRSTigocara hI nahIM hote| ve mAnate haiM ki sAmAnya se alaga vizeSoM kA

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astitva mAnane para prazna uThatA hai ki vizeSoM meM vizeSatva hotA hai yA nahIM? yadi vizeSoM meM vizeSatva hotA hai to kahanA hogA ki vahI vizeSatva sAmAnyavAdiyoM kA sAmAnya hai| yadi yaha kaheM ki vizeSoM meM vizeSatva nahIM hotA to vizeSa ni:svabhAva ho jaayeNge| ata: sAmAnya hI sat hai|32 jaina darzana ke anusAra vastu tattva na to kevala sAmAnya hai na kevala vizeSa balki vaha sAmAnya-vizeSAtmaka hai| vizeSa rahita sAmAnya aura sAmAnya rahita vizeSa kharaviSANavata asambhava hai| dravya, guNa aura paryAya meM se abhedavAdI kevala dravya ko hI padArtha mAnate haiN| guNa aura paryAya ke AdhAra para hone vAlI bhinnatA unakI dRSTi se mithyA athavA pratibhAsa mAtra hai| jaina dArzanika dravya ko guNaparyAyavat mAnane se dravya aura guNa kA nitAnta abheda svIkAra nahIM krte|33 DaoN0 mahendra kumAra jaina ke anusAra guNa ko dravya se pRthak nahIM kiyA jA sakatA, isalie ve dravya se abhinna haiM; kintu prayojana Adi bheda se usakA vibhinna rUpa se nirUpaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai, ata: ve bhitra bhI haiN|24 siddhasena divAkara kA abhimata siddhasena divAkara ke anusAra dravya aura guNa donoM paraspara bhinnAbhitra haiN| dravya aura guNa meM na to ekAnta abheda hai na ekAnta bhed| sAmAnya aura vizeSa donoM paraspara anuviddha haiN| ekAnta sAmAnya athavA ekAnta vizeSa ke pratipAdana kA artha hogA dravyarahita paryAya aura paryAyarahita dravya kA prtipaadn| vastuta: koI bhI vicAra yA vacana ekAnta sAmAnya yA vizeSa ke AdhAra para pravRtti nahIM kara sktaa| donoM sApekSa rahakara hI yathArtha kA pratipAdana kara sakate haiN| vRttikAra abhayadevasUri niyama kA ullekha karate haiM- yat yadAtmakaM bhavati tat tadbhAve na bhvti|35 siddhasena kahate haiM ki sAmAnya ke abhAva meM vizeSa kA aura vizeSa ke abhAva meM sAmAnya kA sadbhAva kathamapi sambhava nahIM hai| jisa prakAra eka hI puruSa sambandhoM kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa pitA, putra, bhAJjA, mAmA Adi ke rUpa meM bhinna-bhinna vyaktiyoM dvArA pukArA jAtA hai usI prakAra eka aura nirvizeSa hone para bhI sAmAnya bhinna-bhinna indriyoM ke sambandha se bhinna rUpa meM vyavahata hotA hai| vahI sAmAnya jaba netragrAhya hotA hai to rUpa evaM zrotagrAhya hotA hai to zabda kahalAtA hai| ata: guNa vastuta: dravya se bhinna nahIM hai paramArthata: sattA dravya kI hI hai|26 / sanmati-prakaraNa meM siddhasena ne abhedavAdI ke uparyukta mantavya ko pUrvapakSa meM rakhakara khaNDana kiyA hai| ve abhedavAdI vicAra kA isa aMza taka to samarthana karate haiM ki sambandha vizeSa ke kAraNa vahI sAmAnya dravya bhinna-bhinna rUpoM meM vyavahata hotA hai, parantu yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki jahA~ eka hI indriya ke sambandha se sambaddha do vastuoM meM viSamatA parilakSita hotI hai, vahA~ isakI upapatti kaise ho? udAharaNArtha- eka samAna

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10 do kRSNa padArthoM kA cakSu ke sAtha sambandha hone para 'ye kRSNa varNa vAle haiM' itanA to bodha ho jAtA hai para vaha kisI dUsare kRSNa padArtha se anantaguNA kRSNa hai yA asaMkhyaguNA isa bheda kA jJAna sambandha mAtra se kaise hogA ? eka hI puruSa bhinna-bhinna sambandhoM ke kAraNa pitA, putra, bhAI, mAmA ke rUpa meM pahacAnA to jAtA hai, parantu vahI puruSa eka kI apekSA lambA aura dUsare kI apekSA choTA yA moTA, dubalA Adi kaise ghaTita hogA ? isa viSamatA ko pratibhAsa yA kalpanA bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai / 37 AgamoM meM bhI eka paramANu kA dUsare paramANu kA anantaguNA bheda varNita hai| isI prakAra varNa, rasa, gandha Adi ke avAntara bhedoM meM SaDguNa hAni-vRddhi kI dRSTi tAratamya nirUpita hai ataH yaha mAtra kalpanA yA AropaNa nahIM hai| isa prakAra dravya aura guNoM ke bIca ekAnta bheda yA abheda na mAnakara bhedAbheda hI mAnanA caahie| guNa aura paryAya : ekArthaka yA bhinnArthaka yahA~ yaha eka vicAraNIya prazna hai ki guNa aura paryAya ekArthaka haiM yA bhinnaatmk| uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM dravya, guNa, paryAya tInoM kA svatantra lakSaNa nirUpita hai / 38 umAsvAti, kundakunda aura pUjyapAda ne dravya aura guNa tathA guNa aura paryAya meM arthabheda batAyA hai| artha kahane se dravya, guNa aura paryAya tInoM kA grahaNa hotA hai| siddhasena divAkara guNa aura paryAya kA abhedapakSa svIkAra kiyA hai| unhoMne dravya aura paryAya ina do ko hI mAnya kiyA hai| unakA yaha vicAra Agamasammata hai ne do uNa NayA bhagavayA davvaTThiya-pajjavATThiyA niymaa| eto ya guNavisese guNaTThiyaNao vi jujjaMto / / jaM puNa arihayA tesutesu suttesu goyamAiNaM / pajjavasaNNA NiyamA vAgariyA teNa pajjAyA / / 39 arthAt bhagavAn ne dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika ye do hI naya nizcita kiye haiN| yadi paryAya se bhinna guNa hotA to guNArthika naya bhI unheM nizcita karanA cAhiye thaa| cU~ki arhatoM ne una-una sUtroM meM gautama Adi ke samakSa paryAya saMjJA nizcita karake usI kA vivecana kiyA hai ataH paryAya se bhinna guNa nahIM hai| dhyAtavya hai ki paryAyArthika naya se bhinna guNArthika naya kI udbhAvanA karate hue guNa kA nirAsa tathA guNa aura paryAya abheda prasthApanA kA sarvaprathama prayAsa siddhasena ne kiyA hai| akalaMka aura vidyAnandI ne bheda - abheda donoM pakSoM ko svIkAra kiyA hai| akalaMka ne 'guNaparyAyavatdravyam' kI paribhASA meM likhA hai ki guNa hI paryAya haiM, kyoMki guNa aura paryAya donoM meM samAnAdhikaraNya hai| prazna ho sakatA hai ki guNa aura paryAya jaba ekArthaka haiM to 'guNavatdravyam' yA 'paryAyavatdravyam' aisA nirdeza honA cAhie thA -- guNaparyAyavatdravyam kyoM? isakA samAdhAna karate hue vArtikakAra likhate haiM ki vastutaH dravya se bhinna guNa

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upalabdha nahIM hote| dravya kA pariNamana hI paryAya hai aura guNa usI pariNamana kI eka abhivyakti hai| tattvata: guNa aura paryAya meM abheda hai| dravya aura paryAya kA bhedAbhedavAda dravya meM guNa aura paryAya donoM rahate haiN| guNa kA artha hai- sahabhAvI dharma yA hamezA rahane vAle dharma tathA paryAya kA artha hai kramabhAvI dharma yA parivartana ko prApta hote rahane vAle dhrm| siddhasena ne Agamika sandarbho ke AdhAra para guNa aura paryAya ke dvaita kA nirAkaraNa kara donoM kI ekArthatA siddha kii| aba jaba guNa aura paryAya eka haiM to dravya aura paryAya kA kyA sambandha hai, yaha prazna vicAraNIya hai| nyAya-vaizeSika Adi darzana bhedavAdI hone ke kAraNa guNa, karma Adi kA dravya se bheda mAnate haiM tathA sAMkhya aura vedAntI unakA abhed| jaina dArzanika donoM meM bhedAbheda kA sambandha mAnate haiN| AcArAGga meM kahA gayA hai- 'je AyA se vinnAyA, je vinnAyA se aayaa'|40 arthAt jo AtmA hai vahI vijJAtA hai aura jo vijJAtA hai vahI AtmA hai| prathamadRSTayA yaha sUtra abheda kA vAcaka pratIta hotA hai para jaisA ki niyuktikAra ne kahA hai- 'Natthi jiNavayaNaM NayavihUNaM', kisI bhI kathana ke hArda ko sApekSatA ke AdhAra para hI samajhA jA sakatA hai| jJAna AtmA kA pariNAma vizeSa hai, jo badalatA bhI rahatA hai, ata: paryAya dRSTi se donoM bhinna bhI hai; kintu phala kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to AtmA kI jJAna se abhitratA siddha hotI hai| jJAna kA phala hai virti| mithyAdRSTi ko jJAna nahIM hotA aura na hI virati isalie usakA jJAna ajJAna kahalAtA hai| bhagavatIsUtra meM AyA bhaMte siya NANe, siya aNNANe, NANe puNa niyamaM AyA' kahakara sUtrakAra ne AtmA ko jJAna se kathaMcit bhitra aura kathaMcit abhinna kahA hai| AtmA jJAna kA pariNAma hai ata: vaha niyamata: AtmA hI hai| isI prakAra dravya aura paryAya donoM kathaMcit bhinna aura kathaMcit abhinna haiN| siddhasena divAkara ke anusAra dravyArthika naya kA viSaya haidravya aura paryAyArthikanaya kA viSaya hai- pryaay| ye donoM anyonyAzrita haiN| siddhasena kA mata hai ki donoM naya alaga-alaga mithyAdRSTi haiN| donoM meM se kisI eka naya kA viSaya sat kA lakSaNa nahIM bntaa| sAmAnya aura vizeSa milakara hI sat kA lakSaNa banate haiM, ata: dravya aura paryAya donoM bhinnAbhitra haiN| dravya : utpAda, vyaya aura prauvya kA samanvaya ___ 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' isa paribhASA ke anusAra utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI samanvita avasthA hI sat yA dravya kahalAtI hai| sthAnAGga 2 meM ise mAtRkApada kahA gayA hai| jisa prakAra samasta zAstroM kA AdhAra akAra Adi varNAkSara haiM usI prakAra samasta tattvamImAMsA kA AdhAra yaha tripadI hai| anyatra yaha 'uppatrei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA' isa rUpa meM bhI prApta hotA hai| siddhasena divAkara ne umAsvAti dravya ke lakSaNa ko yathAvat

Page #17
mAnA hai| unakI vizeSatA yaha hai ki ve pUrva pracalita dravya ke svarUpa ko yathAvat svIkAra karate hue bhI usakA naya dRSTi se vivecana karate haiN| sanmati-prakaraNa ke anusAra paryAyArthika naya kI dRSTi se sabhI padArtha niyama se utpanna hote haiM aura naSTa hote haiN| dravyArthika naya kI dRSTi-sI sabhI padArtha sarvadA ke liye utpatti aura vinAza rahita hI haiN| utpatti aura nAza rUpa paryAyoM se rahita dravya nahIM hotA aura dravya arthAt dhruvAMza se rahita koI paryAya nahIM hotii| kahA bhI hai davvaM pajjavaviyuyaM davvaviuttA ya pajjavA nntthi| upyAya-TThii-bhaMgA haMdi daviyalakkhaNaM ey||43 yaha tripadI hI vastu kI anantadharmAtmakatA kA AdhAra hai| vastu ke trayAtmaka svarUpa kA samarthana samantabhadra,44 jinabhadragaNikSamAzramaNa,45 amRtacandrasUri,46 jinadAsagaNi47 tathA abhayadevasUri 8 Adi pramukha jaina dArzanikoM ne bhI kiyA hai| utpAda-vyaya aura dhrauvya kA bhedAbhedavAda utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA samanvita rUpa hI dravya yA sat hai, parantu ina tInoM kA paraspara kyA sambandha haiM, ye tInoM eka sAtha hote haiM yA krama se, tInoM kA kAla bhinna hai yA abhinna? Adi prazna mahattvapUrNa haiN| umAsvAti ne 'utpAdavyayadhrauvyayuktaM sat' kahakara sat kI avadhAraNA to dI, lekina utpAda Adi ke paraspara sambandha kI unhoMne koI carcA nahIM kii| siddhasena divAkara ne isa avadhAraNA para nayadRSTi se vicAra kiyA hai| unake anusAra tiNNi vi upyAyAI abhiNNakAlA ya bhiNNakAlA y| atyaMtaraM aNatyaMtaraM ca daviyAhi nnaayvvaa|| arthAt utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM kA kAla bhinna bhI aura abhinna bhii| isI prakAra utpAda-vyaya-dhrauvya rUpa yaha lakSaNa bhI lakSyabhUta dravya yA sat se bhinna bhI hai aura abhinna bhii| kramavartI do paryAyoM ko lekara unake utpAda aura vinAza kA yadi vicAra kareM to unheM samakAlIna kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki jisa samaya pUrva paryAya kA vigama (nAza) hotA hai usI samaya uttara paryAya kA utpAda hotA hai| utpAda aura vinAza ke samaya vastu sAmAnya dharma kI apekSA sthira rahatI hai ata: tInoM abhitrakAlika haiN|50 yadi hama eka hI paryAya kI dRSTi se vicAra kareM to utpAda Adi tInoM ko bhinnakAlika mAnanA hogaa| kramavartI paryAyoM meM jahA~ pUrva paryAya kA antima kSaNa hI uttara paryAya kA Adi kSaNa hotA hai vahIM eka hI paryAya kA Adi kSaNa aura antima kSaNa bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| mRttikA ke nAza va ghaTa ke utpAda kA eka hI samaya ho sakatA hai para ghaTa ke utpAda aura ghaTa ke hI vinAza kA eka samaya nahIM ho sktaa| eka hI paryAya ke

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13 utpatti aura vinAza kI taraha sthiti kA kAla bhI bhinna hI hogaa| utpAda kA samaya arthAt usakA prArambhika samaya aura vinAza arthAt usakA antima samaya, ko siddhasena divAkara ne aMgulI ke dRSTAnta se aura spaSTa kiyA hai-- aMgulI eka vastu hai| aMgulI ke AkuMcana aura prasaraNa kA kAla eka nahIM ho sktaa|51 vakratA aura saralatA eka hI vastu meM eka hI kAla meM sambhava na hone se kramavartI hai| do kramavartI paryAyoM meM utpAda aura nAza kA kAla bheda nahIM hotA isalie jo samaya aMgulI ke AkuMcana rUpa avasthA ke utpAda kA hai vahI samaya usake prasaraNa rUpa avasthA ke vyaya kA hai| donoM hI avasthAoM meM aMgulI nAmaka vastu sthira hai| ata: eka hI aMgulI meM utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya tInoM kI samakAlikatA siddha hotI hai| siddhasena ne utpAda Adi ke bhedAbheda aura traikAlikatA kI siddhi kA jo prayAsa kiyA hai usake mUla meM unakI anekAntika dRSTi hai| unhoMne pratyeka virodhI avadhAraNA ke samanvaya kA prayAsa kiyA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki mahAsattA rUpa dravya tathA antima avibhAjya aMza paryAya se atirikta sabhI paryAya padArtha dravya aura paryAya ke ubhaya rUpa hote haiN| dravya aura paryAya donoM milakara hI sat kA sarvAGga lakSaNa banate haiN| dravya ke sandarbha meM unhoMne paryAya ko hI mAnA hai tathA guNa ko paryAya meM hI sanniviSTa mAnA hai| tadanusAra guNArthika naya kI parikalpanA karate hue bhI mUlata: dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika 'ina do nayoM meM hI samUcI tattvamImAMsA evaM jJAnamImAMsA ko antarbhAvita karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| anekAnta ke AdhArarUpa isa dravya, guNa, paryAya ke sandarbha meM siddhasena ke vicAra jahA~ aneka aMzoM meM Agama-vicAra-saraNi kA samarthana karate haiM vahIM unake katipaya svopajJa mantavyoM kI bhI puSTi karate haiN| sandarbha : 1. jainendra vyAkaraNa, 4.1.158. 2. tattvArthasUtra, 5/29. 3. pravacanasAra, jJeyAdhikAra-3. 4. anuyogadvAra, 255. 5. Dr. Padmarajiah, Jain Theories of Reality & Knowledge, Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal, Bombay 1963, p. 26. 6. tattvArthasUtra, 5/29. sanmatiprakaraNa, 1/12. 8. vahI, 1/31. 9. dhavalA, 1/1/1/1/17/6.

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14 10. AcArAMgasUtra, 1/1/5. 11. tattvArthasUtra, 5/41. 12. jainasiddhAntadIpikA, 1/38. 13. tattvArthavArtika, 2/7. 14. svabhAvavibhAvarUpatayA yAti paryeti pariNamatIti paryAya iti paryAyasya vyutpatti, nayacakra zruta. pR0 57. 15. uttarAdhyayana, 28/6. 16. tattvArtharAjavArtika, 1/31, 1/15, dhavalA, pu0 1, pR0 84. 17. sarvArthasiddhi, 1/33. 18. tattvArthasUtra, 5/41. 19. paMcAstikAya tA0vR0, 16/35/12. 20. sanmatiprakaraNa 1/30 para paM0 sukhalAlajI evaM paM0 becaradAsa jI kA vivecana 21. uttarAdhyayana, 28/13. 22. kriyAvad guNavat samavAyikAraNaM dravyam, vaize0 sUtra, 1/1/15. 23. sanmati-prakaraNa, 3/8. 24. sanmati-prakaraNa, 3/8 para paM0 sukhalAlajI kI vyAkhyA, pR0 63. 25. DhAla-2, dohA-10 sanmati-tarka-prakaraNam, abhayadevasUrikRta vRtti, sUtra 3/8 kI vyAkhyA meM uddhRta 26. paMcAstikAya, 46. 27. syAdvAdamaMjarI, zloka 27. 28. jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma (DaoN0 sAgaramala jaina abhinandana grantha), khaNDa 7, pR0 103. 29. sanmatiprakaraNa, 3/23. 30. vahI, 3/24. 31. paMcAstikAya, 67 32. syAdvAdamaJjarI, 14 kI vyAkhyA. 33. jaina darzana, DaoN0 mahendrakumAra jaina, pR0 144. 34. tattvArthavArtika, 5/2/9. 35. sanmatitarka-prakaraNam, abhayadevasUrikRta vRtti

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36. sanmatiprakaraNa, 3 / 17 -18. 37. sanmatiprakaraNa, 3 /20, 21, 22. 38. uttarAdhyayanasUtra, a0 28, gAthA - 6 39. sanmati prakaraNa, 3/10-11. 40. AcArAMga, 1/5/5. 41. bhagavatI, 12/206. 42. sthAnAMgasUtra, 10/46. 43. sanmatiprakaraNa, 1/12. 44. AptamImAMsA, 59-60. 45. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya, 2666. 46. paMcAstikAya, gA0 11 kI TIkA 47. dazavaikAlika para jinadAsagaNikRtacUrNi, pR0 16. 48. sanmatiprakaraNa, abhayadevavRtti, pR0 410. 49. sanmatiprakaraNa, 3/35. 50. sanmatiprakaraNa, 3/37. 51. darzana kA nayA prasthAna, DaoN0 sAdhvI muditayazA, pR0 176. 15

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anekAntavAda aura usakI samasAmayikatA DaoN0 ajaya kumAra bhAratIya saMskRti pradhAnata: do zAkhAoM meM vibhakta hai- vaidika tathA shrmnn| zramaNa dhArA ke bhI do rUpa milate haiM- jaina evaM bauddh| jaina-paramparA vizva kI prAcIna paramparAoM meM se eka hai| isakA prasiddha siddhAnta hai- saapeksstaavaad| sApekSatAvAda kI jhalaka vaidika cintana evaM bauddha cintana meM bhI milatI hai| vaidika sAhitya ke upaniSadoM meM paramatattva yA brahma ko choTA se choTA aura bar3A se bar3A kahA gayA hai| isa kathana meM dRSTi-bheda aura sApekSatA nihita hai| isI taraha bauddha-paramparA meM bhI dekhA jAtA hai ki apane eka ziSya ke dvArA prazna pUche jAne para bhagavAn buddha ne sApekSatAvAdI uttara diyA hai, jise bauddha darzana meM vibhajyavAda kahA gayA hai| eka samaya eka ziSya ne buddha se pUchA bhante! ApakI dRSTi meM sonA acchA hai athavA jaagnaa| isakA uttara dete hue buddha ne kahA ki donoM hI acche haiM yA donoM hI bure haiM, ziSya samajha nahIM paayaa| ata: apane vicAra ko punaH spaSTa karate hue unhoMne kahA ki sadAcArI yA sajjana yA Arya ko jAganA acchA hai aura sonA burA hai, kyoMki vaha jitanI dera taka jagA rahegA lokakalyANa karegA aura jaba so jAyegA to lokakalyANa se virata ho jaayegaa| isalie usakA jAganA acchA hai aura sonA burA hai| ThIka isake viparIta jo durAcArI hai, durjana hai, anAcArI hai usakA sonA acchA hai aura jAganA burA hai, kyoMki jitanI dera vaha jagA rahegA loka kA akalyANa karegA aura jitanI dera soyA rahegA loka ke akalyANa se virakta rhegaa| isa taraha usakA sonA acchA hai aura jAganA kharAba hai| isa prakAra buddha ne sApekSatAvAda kI puSTi kI hai| kintu sApekSatAvAda ko jisa sudRr3hatA aura spaSTatA ke sAtha jaina-darzana meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai, usa taraha anyatra kahIM bhI ise nahIM dekhA jAtA hai| sApekSatAvAda kA prArambha anekAntavAda se hotA hai| anekAntavAda jaina-darzana kA tattvamImAMsIya siddhAnta hai| anekAntavAda kI zAbdika saMracanA tIna zabdoM ke saMyoga se haI hai- aneka, anta aura vaad| aneka kA artha hotA hai eka se adhika, anta kA matalaba hai dRSTi sImA, apekSatA aadi| yahA~ anta kA artha samApana nahIM hai| vAda to sAmAnya zabda hai, jo * ema0e0 (manovijJAna evaM darzana),pI-eca0DI0, bI0eDa0, zAntinilayana, ena0 4/4bI-4Ara0, kRSNapurI, karauMdI, AI0TI0AI0 roDa, vArANasI-5

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17 kisI bhI siddhAnta ke liye AtA hai| ina arthoM ko dekhane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki anekAntavAda vaha siddhAnta hai, jo aneka dRSTiyoM, aneka sImAoM tathA aneka apekSAoM meM vizvAsa karatA hai| anekAntavAda cU~ki tattvamImAMsIya siddhAnta hai| isalie ise samajhane ke liye jaina tattvamImAMsA para naz2ara DAlanA anivArya hai| jaina tattvamImAMsA meM jaina AcAryoM ne paramatattva para vicAra karate hue use dravya, padArtha, tattva, sat, vastu Adi nAmoM se sambodhita kiyA hai| una logoM ne use paribhASita karate hue kahA hai- 'anantadharmAtmakaM vastu'2 arthAt vastu ke ananta dharma yA lakSaNa hote haiN| una lakSaNoM meM se kucha vidhi rUpa meM hote haiM aura jyAdA niSedha rUpa meN| vastu ke vidhi dharma ve hote haiM, jo usameM hote haiM aura niSedha dharma ve hote haiM, jo usameM nahIM hote haiN| yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki ve dharma jo vastu meM nahIM hote haiM ve bhI usake dharma mAne jAte haiM, kyoM? kisI bhI vastu ko jAnane ke liye mAtra usake vidhi-dharma kI hI jarurata nahIM hotI hai balki usake niSedha-dharma ko jAnanA bhI Avazyaka hotA hai| niSedha ko jAne binA kisI vastu kA sahI aura nizcita bodha nahIM ho sktaa| udAharaNasvarUpa- kisI vyakti ke hAtha meM kitAba hai aura koI dUsarA vyakti yaha kahatA hai ki sAmanevAle vyakti ke hAtha meM kitAba nahIM balki peMsila hai| yahA~ para kauna ThIka hai, yaha kaise kahA jA sakatA hai? kyoMki donoM vyakti apane ko ThIka mAnate haiN| aisI sthiti meM vaha vyakti sahI nirNaya karegA jise kitAba aura peMsila ke bIca pAye jAnevAle niSedhoM kA bodha hogA, jo yaha batAyegA ki kitAba ke amuka dharma hote haiM aura peMsila ke amuka dharma hote haiN| cU~ki vyakti ke hAtha meM pAyI jAnevAlI vastu meM kitAba ke dharma haiM, peMsila ke dharma nahIM haiM, peMsila se isakA niSedha hai isalie yaha peMsila nahIM hai kitAba hai| isa taraha kisI bhI vastu kA duniyA kI anya sabhI vastuoM se niSedha hotA hai isalie vastu meM pAye jAne vAle vidhi-dharma tathA anya vastuoM ke dharmoM ke niSedhoM ko milA karake ananta dharma bana jAte haiN| jaba jaina tattvamImAMsA meM yaha pratipAdita huA ki kisI bhI vastu ke ananta dharma hote haiM to yaha bAta sAmane AyI ki kisI eka vastu kA pUrNa bodha hone kA matalaba hai vizva kI sabhI vastuoM kA bodha honA, kyoMki koI bhI vastu niSedha rUpa meM vizva kI sabhI vastuoM se sambandhita hotI hai| ata: siddhAnta banA ki- "jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai, jo sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai| isa siddhAnta meM yaha kahanA ki sabako jAnatA hai vaha eka ko jAnatA hai sarala hai; kintu jo eka ko jAnatA hai vaha sabako jAnatA hai, aisA kahanA atyanta kaThina yA asambhava-sA lagatA hai| kisI eka vastu ko koI vyakti pUrNata: tabhI jAna sakatA hai jaba usake sabhI vidhi aura niSedha dharmoM ko bhI vaha jAnatA ho| kisI vastu ke sabhI vidhi evaM niSedha dharmoM ko jAne binA koI vyakti use pUrNata: nahIM jAna sakatA hai| sAmAnya vyakti kisI vastu

Page #23
18 ke eka dharma yA aneka dharmoM ko jAna sakatA hai| isa AdhAra para yaha dekhA jAtA hai ki koI vyakti kisI vastu ke ananta dharmoM meM se dasa-bIsa yA sau-do sau dharmoM yA lakSaNoM ko jAnatA hai to koI dUsarA vyakti ananta dharmoM meM se anya dasa-bIsa yA sau-do sau dharmoM ko jAnatA hai| isa prakAra sabake bodha apanI-apanI dRSTi se satya hote haiN| koI galata nahIM hotA hai| isake liye jaina cintana meM andhagajanyAya kA udAharaNa diyA gayA hai, jo isa prakAra hai kucha andhe logoM ko hAthI ke viSaya meM jJAna prApta karane kI jijJAsA huI aura ve loga hAthI ke nikaTa pahu~ca gye| A~kha ke abhAva meM una logoM ne hAthI ko chU kara usake sambandha meM jJAna prApta kiyaa| andhe logoM ne hAthI ke alaga-alaga aMgoM kA sparza kiyA thA, ataH una logoM kA jJAna AMzika thA; kintu jaba una logoM se pUchA gayA ki hAthI kaisA hotA hai to una logoM ne isa prakAra uttara diyA- jisane hAthI ke paira kA sparza kiyA thA usane kahA ki hAthI khambhe kI taraha hotA hai| jisane hAthI ke kAna kA sparza kiyA thA usane kahA ki hAthI sUpa kI taraha hotA hai| jisane pU~cha kA sparza kiyA thA usane batAyA ki hAthI rassI kI taraha hilane-DulanevAlA hotA hai| yahA~ para andhe logoM kA jJAna apanI-apanI dRSTi se, apanI-apanI apekSA se sahI thA; kintu doSa yaha thA ki una logoM ne apane AMzika jJAna ko pUrNa jJAna, sApekSa jJAna ko nirapekSa jJAna btaayaa| una logoM meM se kisI ne sampUrNa hAthI kA sparza nahIM kiyA thA, balki vibhinna aMgoM kA sparza kiyA thaa| ataH unake jJAna alaga-alaga aMgoM ke the, jo AMzika jJAna the| jaina darzana ke anusAra yaha doSa andhe logoM ke sAtha nahIM hai, balki A~khavAloM ke sAtha bhI hai, jo apane AMzika aura sApekSa jJAna ko hI pUrNa tathA nirapekSa jJAna mAna baiThate haiM tathA eka-dUsare kA virodha karate haiN| jaina darzana yaha mAnatA hai ki sAmAnya logoM ke jJAna sApekSa hote haiN| unakI apanI-apanI dRSTiyoM ke anusAra hote haiM isalie sabhI apanI-apanI apekSA se sahI hote haiN| ataH matabheda aura virodha koI prazna hI nahIM utthtaa| jaina darzana anekAntavAda kA pratipAdana karake vizva ko sahiSNutA kA sandeza detA hai| vicAroM meM matabheda hone ke kAraNa hI ApasI kalaha, saMgharSa hote haiN| jaba vyakti ke mana meM yaha bAta A jAtI hai ki mAtra usakA hI vicAra sahI nahIM ho sakatA hai, balki anya logoM ke vicAra bhI ThIka ho sakate haiM taba phira usake mana meM vidveSa bhAva nahIM jagatA hai| yadyapi anekAntavAda kA siddhAnta ati prAcIna siddhAnta hai, phira bhI Aja kI sthiti meM yaha prAsaMgika hai| Ajakala vyakti, samAja, rASTra, vizva sabake saba tanAva aura saMgharSa se pIr3ita hai| vyakti meM apanI pArivArika samasyAoM ke kAraNa tanAva hotA hai| samAja meM dhanI - garIba, U~ca-nIca ke bheda-bhAva dekhe jAte haiN| rASTra meM Arthika, rAjanaitika, dhArmika, vibhinna prakAra ke saMgharSa calate rahate hai| vizva meM aneka rASTra haiM,

Page #24
19 jo eka-dUsare ko dabA kara Age bar3hanA cAhate haiN| ina sabase vizva meM asantoSa evaM hiMsA vyApta hai| Aja kA vizva AtaMkavAda aura ugravAda kA zikAra bana rahA hai, parantu AtaMkavAda aura ugravAda kA samarthana karanevAle ve hI loga hai jinheM kisI na kisI rUpa meM sAmAjika yA Arthika yA rAjanaitika asantoSa hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra asantoSa kA vAstavika samAdhAna hiMsA aura yuddha nahIM hai| hiMsA se to hiMsA bar3hatI hai| hiMsA dUra karane kA vAstavika tarIkA vaicArika sahamati hai, mAnasika sadbhAva hai, Atmika prema hai, jo anekAntavAda se prApta hote haiN| rASTrakavi rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara ne anekAntavAda ke mahattva ko prakAzita karate hue likhA hai- 'anekAntavAda kA dArzanika AdhAra yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu ananta guNa paryAya aura dharmoM kA akhaNDa piNDa hai| vastu ko tuma jisa dRSTikoNa se dekha rahe ho, vastu utanI hI nahIM hai| usameM ananta dRSTikoNoM se dekhe jAne kI kSamatA hai| tumheM jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAlUma hotA hai usa para ImAnadArI se vicAra karo to usakA viSayabhUta dharma bhI vastu meM vidyamAna hai| citta se pakSapAta kI durabhisandhi nikAlo aura dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ke viSaya ko bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka khojoN| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki anekAnta kA anusandhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA, sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA hI zIghra apanAyegA vizva meM zAnti bhI utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogii|" : anekAntavAda kI samasAmayikatA para bala dete hue AcArya DaoN0 sAdhvI sAdhanA jI ma0 ne isa prakAra likhA hai- "Aja se DhAI hajAra varSa pUrva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne 'anekAntavAda' ke mahAn saha-astitvavAdI siddhAnta kA vikAsa kara hara prakAra ke virodhAbhAsoM meM samanvaya kA eka aisA dArzanika evaM vyAvahArika-patha prazasta kiyA hai, jo Aja ke visaMgatipUrNa jIvana aura antarvirodhapUrNa vizvAsa ke liye saMjIvanI ke samAna upayogI siddha ho sakatA hai|"5 isa prakAra nizcita rUpa se yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jainadarzana kA anekAntavAda Aja ke vizva ke liye eka bahuta bar3A varadAna hai| sandarbha : 1. jainadharma-darzana : DaoN0 mohanalAla mehatA, pR0-337. 2. bhAratIya darzana : caTTopAdhyAya evaM datta, pR0-21. 3. je egaM jANati se savvaM jANati, je savvaM jANati se egaM jaannti| AcArAMgasUtra, 1/4/129. 4. uddhRta-hindI sAhitya aura darzana meM AcArya suzIla kumAra kA yogadAna, pR0-36. 5. AcArya sAdhvI sAdhanA, vahI, pR0-10.

Page #25
AcArya vijayendrasUri vesAlI athavA vaizAlI eka atyanta prAcIna nagara hai| isake sAtha vibhinna bhAratIya dharmoM kA gaharA sambandha hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI ke 'vaizAlika' nAma se pragaTa hai ki unakA isake sAtha vizeSa sambandha rahA hai aura unakI janmabhUmi kuNDapura (kSatriyakuNDa ) isI ke nikaTa thii| isaliye yahA~ isakI sthiti Adi ke sambandha meM hama vicAra kreNge| Arya-kSetra AryAvartta athavA madhyamadeza jainoM, bauddhoM aura vaidikoM kI dRSTi se kyA thA ? tInoM dharmoM ke anusAra unake zAstroM meM isakI vyAkhyA isa prakAra kI gaI hai| ka. jainoM ke anusAra bRhatkalpasUtra vRttisahita vibhAga 3, pRSTha 913 (sampAdaka - munirAja puNyavijaya jI) meM Aryadeza aura unakI rAjadhAniyA~ isa prakAra batAI gaI haiM Aryadeza rAjadhAnI Aryadeza rAjadhAnI 14. zAMDilya nandipura 15. malaya bhaddilapura 16. matsya vairATa 17. atsya (accha) 18. dazArNa 1. magadha 2. aGga 3. vaGga 4. kaliGga 5. kAzI 6. kozala 7. kuru 8. kuzA 9. pAJcAla 10. . jaMgala 11. saurASTra 12. videha 13. vatsa * rAjagRha campA vaizAlI tAmralipti kAMcanapura vArANasI sAketa gajapura (hastinApura) zaurika (sauripura) kAmpilya ahichatrA dvAravatI mithilA kauzAmbI 19. cedi 20. sindhu- sauvIra 21. zUrasena 22. bhaMgI 23. vartta varuNA muktikAvatI zuktimatI vittabhaya mathurA pAvA mAsapurI zrAvastI 24. kuNAla 25. lADha koTivarSa 26. kekaya (addhadeza) zvetavikA prastuta Alekha sva. AcArya vijayendrasUri dvArA likhita pustaka kA avikala rUpa hai|

Page #26
21 ye 25 / / Aryadeza sarvadA ke haiN| inakA ullekha prajJApanAsUtra, sUtrakRtAGga kI TIkA, pravacanasAroddhAra Adi meM bhI hai| parantu bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI ke samaya meM AryakSetra kI maryAdA nimna thI "kappai niggaMthANa vA niggaMthINa vA puratthimeNaM jAva aMgamagahAo ettae, dakkhiNeNaM jAva kosambIo, paccatthimeNaM jAva thUNAvisayAo, uttareNaM jAva kuNAlAvisayAo ette| etAva tAva kppi| etAva tAva AriekhetteNo se kappai etto baahiN| teNa paraM jattha nANa-dasaNacarittAI ussappati tti bemi|' asya vyAkhyA- kalpate nirgranthAnAM vA nigranthInAM pUrvasyAM dizi yAvadaGga-magadhAn 'etaM' vihrtuNm| aGga nAma campApratibaddhA janapadaH, magadhArAjagRhapratibaddho deshH| dakSiNasyAM dizi yAvat koshaambiimetum| pratIcyAM dizi sthUNAviSayaM yaavdetum| uttarasyAM dizi kuNAlAviSayaM yaavdetum| sUtre pUrvadakSiNAdipadebhyastRtIyAnidazo liGgavyatyayazca praakRttvaat| etAvat tAvat kSetramavadhIkRtya vihartuM klpte| kutaH? ityAha etAvat tAvad yasyAdAryakSetram, no 'se' tathya nirgranthasya nirgranthyA vA kalpate 'ata:' evaMvidhAd AryakSetrAd bhirvihrtum| 'tataH paraM' bahirdezeSu api sampratinRpatikAlAdArabhya yatra jJAna-darzana-cAritrANi 'utsarpanti' sphAtimAsAdayanti tatra vihrttvym| 'iti:' prismaaptau| bravImi iti tIrthaMkara-gaNadharopadezena, na tu svamanISikayeti suutraarthH| -- bRhatkalpasUtravRttisahita, vibhAga 3, pRSTha 905. __ Upara ke prAkRta-pATha ke anusAra AryakSetra pUrvadeza meM to aGga-magadha kI sImA taka dakSiNa meM kauzAmbI kI sImA taka, pazcima meM sthUNa (kurukSetra) kI sImA taka aura uttara meM kuNAladeza kI sImA taka thaa| isI AryakSetra meM sAdhu ko vihAra kA Adeza thaa| kha. bauddhoM ke anusAra madhyadeza nimna thA (1) The boundaries of the Buddhist Majjhimadesa as given in the Mahavagga (Vol. V. pp. 12-13) may be described as having extended in the east to the town of Kajangala beyond which was the city of Mahasala, in the southeast to the river salalvati (Saravati) in the south to the town of Satakannika; in the west to the Brahamana district of Thuna; in the north to the Usiradhaja mounation. Geography of Early Buddhism, page 1-2. mahAvagga ke anusAra madhyamadeza ke pUrva meM kajaMgala taka, dakSiNa-pUrva (Agneya) meM salalavatI (sarAvatI) taka, dakSiNa meM satakaNika taka, pazcima meM brAhmaNa pradeza thUnA (kurukSetra) taka aura uttara meM uzIradhvaja parvata taka thaa|

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22 2. madhyadeza kI pUrvadizA meM kajaMgala nAmaka kasbA hai, usake bAda bar3e zAla (ke vana) haiM aura phira Age sImAnta desh| madhya meM salalavatI nAmaka nadI hai, usake Age phira sImAnta (pratyanta) deza hai, dakSiNa dizA meM setaNika nAmaka kasbA hai, usake bAda sImAnta deza hai| pazcima dizA meM thUna nAmaka brAhmaNoM kA grAma hai, usake bAda . sImAnta deza hai| uttara dizA meM uzIradhvaja nAmaka parvata hai, usake bAda sImAnta deza..... haiN| buddhacaryA, pRSTha 1. isa Upara batAye bauddhoM ke madhyapradeza meM 16 mahAjanapada the| ve haiM1. kAzI 2. kozala 3. aMga 4. magadha vajjI 5. 6. malla 7. 8. cetiya (cedI) vaMza (vatsa) 9. kurU 10. pAJcAla 11. maccha (matsya) 12. zUrasena 13. assaka 14. avantI 15. gandhAra 16. kamboja ga. vaidika granthoM ke anusAra madhyadeza athavA AryAvarta yaha thA (1) In the Dharmasutra of Baudhayana, Aryavarta or the country of the Aryans (which is practically identical with the country later on known as Madhyadesa) described as lying to the east of the region where the river Saraswati disappears, to the west of the Kalakavana or Black Forest (identified with a tract somewhere near Prayag), to the north of Paripatra and to the south of Himalayas. Geography of Early Buddism, Page 1 arthAt AryAvartta athavA madhyadeza sarasvatI nadI ke pUrva taka, kAlaka vana ke pazcima taka, pAripAtra ke uttara taka aura himAlaya ke dakSiNa taka vistRta thA / (2) manu ne madhyadeza ko uttara meM himAlaya taka, dakSiNa meM vindhya taka, pazcima meM vinazana taka aura pUrva meM prayAga taka batAyA hai himavadvindhyayormadhyaM yatprAgvinazanAdapi / pratyageva prayAgAcca madhyadezaH prakIrttitaH / / (3) bRhatsaMhitA ke 14veM adhyAya meM madhyadeza ke antargata nimna pradeza ginAye gaye haiN|

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23 bhdraarimedmaannddvysaalvniipojjihaansngkhyaataaH| maruvatsaghoSayAmunasArasvatamatsyamAdhyamikAH / / 2 / / mAthurakopajyotiSadharmAraNyAni zUrasenAzca / gauragrIvoddehikapANDuguDAzvatthapAJcAlAH / / 3 / / sAketakaGkakurukAlakoTikukurAzca paariyaatrngH| audumbarakApiSThalagajAhayAzceti madhyamidam / / 4 / / arthAt bhadra, ari, meda, mANDavya, sAlva, nIpa, ujjihAna, maru, vatsa, ghoSa, yamunA se sambaddha pradeza, sArasvata, matsya, mathurA, kopa, jyotiSa, dharmAraNya, zUrasena, gauragrIva, uddehika, pANDu, guDa, azvattha, pAJcAla, sAketa, kaGka, kuru, kAlakoTi, kukura, pAriyAtra, audumbara, kApiSThala aura hastinApura madhyadezAntargata pradeza hai| videha isa madhyadeza athavA AryAvarta ke antargata eka pradeza (prAnta) videha thA, jisakA Upara nirdeza kiyA gayA hai| isake sambandha meM jainoM, bauddhoM aura vaidikoM ne paryApta likhA hai| ka. jainoM ke matAnusAra videha janapada thA aura usa kI rAjadhAnI mithilA' thii| (1) iheva bhArahe vAse puvvadese videhAnAma jaNavao, saMpaikAle tirahuttideso tti bhnnnni| .......tattha......mihilA nAma nayarI hutthaa| saMpayaM jagaitti psiddhaa| eyAe nAidUre jaNayamahArAyassa bhAuNo kaNayassa nivAsaTThANaM kaNaipuraM vtttti| vividhatIrthakalpa, pRSTha 32. isI bhAratavarSa meM pUrvadeza meM videha nAmaka kA janapada thA jo granthakartA ke samaya meM tirahuta nAma se prasiddha thaa| .......vahA~....... mithilA nAma kI nagarI thii| aba 'jagaI' nAma se bhI prasiddha hai| isake nikaTa meM janaka mahArAja ke bhAI kaNaka kA nivAsa sthAna kanakIpura hai| (2) 'mihila videhA ya' - mithilAnagarI videhaajnpdH| pravacanasAroddhAra vRttisahita, patra 446. kha. bauddha granthoM ke anusAra vidvAnoM ne videha para nimna prakAza DAlA hai| Mithila was the Capital of the Videhas and is celebrated in the Epics as the land of King Janaka. At the time of Buddha the Videha country was one of the eight constituent principalities of the Vajjain confederacy. Of these eight principalities the Licchavis of Vesali and the

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24 Videhas of Mithila were, however, the most important. Geography of Early Buddhism, page 30. arthAt mithilA videha kI rAjadhAnI thii| mahAtmA buddha ke samaya vajjIsaMgha ke ATha pramukha saMghoM meM se eka thii| ga. vaidika granthoM meM (1) zatapathabrAhmaNa ke prathama kANDa (4a0 1A0) ke anusAra videha nAma isalie par3A kyoMki ise videha mAthava ne basAyA thaa| 'shovaac| videho mAthava: kvAhaM bhavAnItyata evahe prAcInaM bhuvanamihi hovaac| saiSA tarhi kozalavidehAnAM maryAdA tarhi maathvaa:|17| (2) zaktisaMgamatantra meM likhA hai gaNDakItIramArabhya campAraNyAntakaM shive| videhabhUH samAkhyAtA tIrabhuktAbhidho mnuH|| gaNDakI nadI se zurU hokara campArana taka kA praveza videha athavA tIrabhukta (tirahuta) nAma se prasiddha hai| (3) bRhaviSNapurANa ke mithilAkhaNDa meM nimna zloka haiN| vahA~ pArAzara aura maitreya ke samvAda meM vaidehI tathA mithilA kA varNana hai| eSA tu mithilA rAjan vissnnusaayujykaarinnii| vaidehI tu svayaM yasmAt sakRt anthivimocinii|| aura bhI gaGgAhimavatormadhye nadIpaJcadazAntare / tairabhuktariti khyAto dezaH paramapAvanaH / / kauzikI tu samArabhya gaNDakImadhigamya vai| yojanAni caturviMzat vyAyAmaH prikiirtitH|| gaGgApravAhamArabhya yAvaddhaimavataM vnm| vistAraH SoDazaH prokto dezasya kulanandanaH / / mithilA nAma nagarI namAste lokvishrutaa| paJcabhiH kAraNaiH puNyA vikhyAtA jagatItraye / / ina zlokoM ke anusAra videha ke pUrva meM kauzikI (Adhunika kozI) pazcima meM gaNDakI, dakSiNa meM gaMgA aura uttara meM himAlaya hai| pUrva se pazcima kI ora 180 mIla (24 yojana) aura uttara se dakSiNa meM 125 mIla (16 yojana) hai| isa tairabhukta

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athavA videha meM mithilA nAmaka nagarI hai| (4) isI bRhaviSNupurANa ke mithilAkhaNDa meM mithilA ke 12 nAma ginAye haiN| mithilA, tairabhuktizca, vaidehI, naimikaannm| jJAnazIlaM kRpApIThaM , svrnnlaaNngglpddhtiH|| jAnakIjanmabhUmizca, nirapekSA, viklmssaa| rAmAnandakaTI, vizvabhAvanI, nitymngglaa|| iti dvAdazanAmAni mithilaayaaH|| sadA bhuvanasampanno nadItIreSu sNsthitH| tIreSu bhuktiyogena tairabhuktiriti smRtH|| nadI ke kinAre para sthita prAnta (bhukti) hone se isakA nAma tIrabhukti rakhA gayA hai, jisakA Adhunika rUpa tirahuta hai| isake Upara 12 nAma ginAye gaye haiN| (5) gaGgAyA uttarata: videhdeshH| dezo'yaM vedopaniSatpurANagIyamAnAnAM janakAnAM raajym| asyaiva nAmAntaraM mithilaa| rAjyasya rAjadhAnyA api mithilaiva nAmadheyaM bbhuuv| samprati nepAladezasannikaTA janakapurI nAma nagarI janakAnAM rAjadhAnI smbhaavyte| mithilAnAmnA nRpatinA sthApitaM mithilArAjyamiti purANAni kthynti|| bhArata- bhUgola : pRSTha 37. gaGgA ke uttara meM videha deza hai| isI kA nAmAntara mithilA hai| isakI rAjadhAnI bhI mithilA thii| vartamAna janakapurI hI prAcIna rAjadhAnI hai| purANoM ke anusAra mithilA nAma ke rAjA ne mithilA rAjya kI sthApanA kI thii| (6) bhaviSyapurANa ke anusAra nimi ke putra mithi ne mithilA basAI nimeH putrastu tatraiva mithirnAma mahAn smRtH| pUrva bhujabalaiyena tairahutasya paarthtH|| nirmitaM svIyanAmnA ca mithilaapurmuttmm| purIjananasAmarthyAjjanakaH sa ca kiirtitH|| (7) zrImadbhAgavata meM nimi ke putra janaka dvArA mithilA athavA videha ke basAye jAne kA ullekha hai| arAjakabhayaM nRNAM manyamAnA mhrssyH| dehaM mamanyuH sma nimeH kumAraH smaajaayt|| janmanA janakaH so'bhUta vaMdehastu videhjH| mithilo mathanAjjAto mithilA yena nirmitaa||

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Upara ke uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki videha eka prAnta thaa| isake 12 nAmoM meM tIrabhukti bhI eka nAma hai aura bhukti kA artha prAnta hotA hai| bhukti kA prAnta artha eka to Upara diye gaye zaktisaMgamatantra ke zloka se prakaTa hotA hai dUsarA guptakAlIna zilAlekhoM meM eka sthAna para 'bhukti' zabda kA prayoga huA hai, vahA~ para usa prakaraNa se prakaTa hotA hai ki bhukti kA artha prAnta hai| arthAt AryAvarta kA eka prAnta videha thA, usa prAnta kI rAjadhAnI mithilA thii| vaizAlI isa videhadeza kI rAjanadhAnI bAda meM mithilA se uThakara vaizAlI A gaI thii| vaizAlI ke sambandha meM tIna pramukha dharmoM kA nimna dRSTikoNa thaa| ka. bauddha dRSTikoNa The Vajjis like the Licchavis, are often associated with the city of Vesali which was not only the Capital of the Licchavi clan, but also the metropolis of the entire confederacy. 'A Buddhist tradition quoted by Rockhill (Life of the Buddha, p.62) mentions the city of Vesali as consisting of three districts. These districts were probably at one time the seats of three different clans. ___G. of Early Buddhism, page 12. __arthAta vaizAlI na kevala licchaviyoM kI rAjadhAnI thI, apita sampUrNa vajjisaMgha kI rAjadhAnI thii| vaizAlI ke antargata tIna parakoTe the| "Ajatasattu is called Vedehiputto or Vaidehiputtra........goes to show that King Bimbisara established matrimonial alliance with the Licchavis by marrying a Licchavi princess." G. of Early Buddhism, page 13. ajAtazatru ko vaidehIputra kahA jAtA thaa| isase pragaTa hai ki bimbisAra (zreNika) ne licchavi rAjakumArI se byAha karake licchaviyoM ke sAtha samajhautA kiyA huA thaa| 2. videha kA rAjA karAlajanaka bar3A kAmI thA aura eka kanyA para AkramaNa karane ke kAraNa prajA ne use mAra ddaalaa| karAla zAyada videha kA antima rAjA thA; sambhavata: usakI hatyA ke bAda hI vahA~ kI rAjasattA kA anta ho gyaa| aura saMgha rAjya sthApita ho gyaa| sAtavIM-chaThI zatAbdI I0pU0 meM videha ke par3osa meM vaizAlI meM bhI saMgharAjya thA; vahA~ licchavi loga rahate the| videhoM aura licchaviyoM ke pRthak 2 saMghoM ko milAkara phira ikaTThA eka hI saMgha yA gaNa bana gayA thA jisakA nAma vRji (yA

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27 vajji) gaNa thaa|....... samUce vRjisaMgha kI rAjadhAnI bhI vesAlI (vaizAlI) hI thii| usake cAroM aura tiharA parakoTA thA, jisameM sthAna-sthAna para bar3e-bar3e daravAje aura gopura (paharA dene ke mInAra) bane hue the| bhAratIya itihAsa kI rUparekhA, pRSTha 310-313 kha. vaidika dRSTikoNa yaha hai (1) rAmAyaNa ke 'AdikANDa' meM sarga 47veM meM likhA hai ikSvAkostu naravyAghraputraH prmdhaarmikH| alambuSAyAmutpanno vizAla iti vishrutH| tena cAsIdiha sthAne vizAleti puriikRtaa| 11-12 / ikSvAku kI rAnI alambuSA ke putra vizAla ne vizAlA bnvaaii| (2) bhAgavatapurANa ke navama skandha a0 2 zloka 23 meM vizAla dvArA vaizAlI banavAne kA varNana hai| vizAlI vaMzakRd rAjA vaizAlI nirmame puriim| 3. The seat of the central government shifted from Janakapura in the Nepal Tarai to vaisali (modern Basarha in the district of Muzaffarpur) which came into prominence in the 6th century B.C. History of Tirhut By B.S.N. Singh, page 34. arthAt janakapura (mithilA) kI kendrIya sarakAra vaizAlI (Adhunika basAr3ha mujaphpharapura jile ke antargata) meM uThakara A gaI thii| (ga) jaina dRSTikoNa 1. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke patra 77 para itazca vasudhAvadhyA maulimaannikysnnibhaa| vaizAlIti zrIvizAlA ngrystygriiysii||184|| AkhaMDala ivAkhaMDazAsanaH pRthiviiptiH| ceTIkRtAribhUpAlastatra ceTaka itybhuut||185|| dhanadhAnya se bharapUra aura vizAla vaizAlI nagarI hai| usa para ceTaka kA zAsana thaa| 2. tae NaM se kUNie rAyA tetIsAe dantisahassehiM tetIsAe AsasahassehiM tetIsAe rahasahassehiM tetIsAe maNussakoDihiM saddhiM saMpuribuDe savviDie (jAva) raveNaM

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28 subhehiM vasaIhiM subhehiM pAyarAsehiM nAivigiTehiM antarAvAsehiM vasamANe-vasamANe aMgajaNavayassa majjhaM majjheNaM jeNeva videhe jaNavae jeNeva vesAlI nayarI teNeva phaaretthgmnnaae| nirayAvaliyAo, pRSTha 26. taba rAjA kUNiya 33 hajAra hAthiyoM sahita, 33 hajAra ghor3oM sahita, 33 hajAra rathoM sahita aura 33 karor3a manuSyoM sahita, sarvasulabha suvidhAoM sahita vaha aGga janapada ke bIca meM se nikalA aura videhajanapada kI vaizAlI nagarI kI ora bddh'aa| vaizAlI athavA vartamAna basAr3ha cAhe rAjA vizAla dvArA basAye jAne ke kAraNa isakA nAma vizAlA athavA vaizAlI par3A ho; athavA dIvAroM ko tIna bAra haTA kara isake vizAla karane ke kAraNa isakA nAma vaizAlI rakhA gayA ho; yaha eka vizAla nagarI avazya thii| Ajakala yaha sthAna basAr3ha nAma se prasiddha hai| basAr3ha ke AsapAsa kosoM dUra taka phaile hue purAne avazeSa isakI puSTi karate haiN| Ajakala jina sthAnoM para basAr3ha, baniyA, kUmanachaparAgAchI, vAsukuNDa aura kolhuA base hue haiM; ve apane pUrvavartI prAcIna nagara-vaizAlI, vANijya-grAma, kollAgasanniveza, karmAragrAma aura kuNDapura kI sUcanAmAtra dete haiN| prAcIna vajjI gaNatantra kI vaizAlI rAjadhAnI thii| isa deza ke zAsaka licchavi kSatriya the| jaina granthoM meM 6 Arya jAtiyoM kA varNana hai, ye jAtiyA~ isa prakAra thIM(1) ugra, (2) bhoga, (3) rAjanya, (4) jJAta, (5) kuru, (6) ikssvaaku| rattI paragane meM basAr3ha gA~va hai, yahA~ jathariyA basate haiN| rAhula sAMskRtyAyana ke matAnusAra yahI purAne jJAtRka haiM, ye hI isa gaNatantra ke saJcAlaka aura tIrthaGkara bhagavAna mahAvIra ke janmadAtA the| isa jAti meM paidA hone ke kAraNa bhagavAn mahAvIra nAtaputra yA jJAtRputra kahalAte haiN| buddha ke samaya meM gaMgA se basAr3ha yA vaizAlI 3 yojana (24 mIla) thaa| Ajakala paTanA se 27 mIla aura hAjIpura se 20 mIla uttara, mujaphpharapura jile meM basAr3ha gA~va hai, isase 2 mIla dUra gA~va bakharA meM azokastambha hai| isakA prathama nirIkSaNa seMTa mArTina aura janarala kaniMghama ne kiyA thA, inhIM logoM ne hI basADha ke dhvaMsAvazeSoM kI ora dhyAna khIMcA thaa| 1903-4 meM DaoN0 blAkha ke nAyakatva meM vahA~ khudAI kA kArya huaa| bAda meM 1913-14 meM DaoNkTara spUnara ne khudAI kA kArya kiyaa| yahA~ se mukhyata: muhareM evaM miTTI ke bane padArtha mile haiN| yaha sthAna Ajakala 'rAjA vizAla kA gar3ha' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| yaha AyatAkAra haiM, IMToM se bharA U~cA sthAna hai| isakI paridhi lagabhaga 1 mIla hai| DAkTara blAkha kI nApa ke anusAra gar3ha uttara kI ora 757 phITa, dakSiNa kI ora 780 phITa, pUrva

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kI ora 1655 phITa tathA pazcima kI ora 1650 phITa vistRta hai| Asa-pAsa ke khetoM se khaNDaharoM kI ausata U~cAI karIba 8 phITa hai| isake tIna ora dakSiNa bhAga ko chor3akara- eka khAI sI hai| yaha isa samaya 125 phITa caur3I hai, parantu kaniMghama ne isakI caur3AI 200 phITa likhI hai| jisase gar3ha ke tIna ora jalAzaya hone kA sandeha hotA hai| dakSiNa pArzva se varSA aura zItakAla meM gar3ha para jAyA jA sakatA hai| gar3ha ke nikaTa lagabhaga 300 gaja dakSiNa-pazcima meM eka stUpa hai| yaha IMToM kA banA hai aura Asa-pAsa ke khetoM se 23 phITa 8 iMca U~cA hai| dharatI para isakA vyAsa 140 phITa hai| isa stUpa kI carcA cInI yAtriyoM ne nahIM kI hai| yahA~ stUpa ke kinAre ke samIpa khodane se madhyayuga ke do sundara prastara-stambha mile haiN| gar3ha ke pazcima kI ora, bAvana pokhara ke uttarI bhITe para eka choTA sA Adhunika mandira hai| vahA~ kitanI hI madhyakAlIna khaNDita buddha, bodhisatva, viSNu, hara-gaurI, gaNeza, saptamAtRkA evaM jainatIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ prApta huI haiN| yahA~ sabase adhika mahattvapUrNa jo cIjeM milI haiM, vaha hai mahArAjAoM, mahArAniyoM tathA dUsare adhikAriyoM kI svanAmAGkita kaI sau muhreN| una moharoM para jo kucha likhA hai usake kucha namUne nimna haiN| 1. mahArAjAdhirAjazrIcandragupta-patnI mahArAjazrIgovindaguptamAtA mahAdevI zrI dhruvsvaaminii| 2. zrIyuvarAja-bhaTTAraka-pAdIyakumArAmAtyAdhikaraNasya 3. (dA)NDa pAzAdhikaraNa (sya) 4. tIrabhuktyuparikAdhikaraNasya 5. tIrabhuktau vinayasthitisthApa(ka) AdhikaraNa(sya) 6. tIrakumArAmAtyAdhikaraNa (sya) 7. (vai) zAlyadhiSThAnAdhikaraNa janazruti ke anusAra yahA~ 52 pokhara (puSkariNI) the| parantu janarala kaniMghama kevala 16 kA patA pA ske| vaizAlI ke rAjAoM ke rAjyAbhiSeka ke liye ina pokharoM kA jala kAma meM lAyA jAtA rahA hogaa| baniyA aura cakarAmadAsa basAr3ha gar3ha se uttara-pazcima meM lagabhaga 1 mIla dUra baniyAgA~va hai, isakA dakSiNI bhAga cakarAmadAsa kahalAtA hai| eca0bI0DablyU0 gairika ne yahA~ do prastara mUrtiyA~ hone kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo 2'2"x14"-3" aura 1'10"x143" thiiN| yahA~ kaI

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miTTI ke padArtha, mUrtiyA~ aura sikke pAye gaye haiN| miTTI kA banA dIvaTa (dIpadhAnI) bhI unameM eka hai| gale meM pahanane kI kaI cIjeM bhI milI haiN| gar3ha aura cakarAmadAsa ke bIca lagabhaga Adha mIla lambA eka pokhara hai jo ki ghor3adaur3a nAma se prasiddha hai| cakarAmadAsa ke dakSiNa-pazcima meM kucha U~ce sthala haiM jina para prAcIna khaNDahara pAye gaye haiN| kolhuA gar3ha se uttara-pazcima meM do mIla para kolhuA meM azoka kA stambha (bakharA se dakSiNa-pUrva dizA meM 1 mIla) stUpa aura markaTahrada (Adhunika nAma rAmakuNDa) haiN| vaizAlI ke sambandha meM hvenasAMga ne jo varNana kiyA hai vaha isake bilkula mela khAtA hai| hvenasAMga ne vaizAlI ke rAjaprAsAda kI paridhi 4-5 lI likhI hai aura gaDha kI paridhi 5000 phITa se kucha kama hai, ye donoM sthitiyA~ eka dUsare ke bahuta nikaTa haiN| isa cInI parivrAjaka ne likhA hai- "uttara-pazcima meM azoka dvArA banavAyA huA eka stUpa aura 50 yA 60 phITa U~cA patthara kA eka stambha thA, jisake zikhara para siMha avasthita thaa| stambha ke dakSiNa eka pokhara thaa| jaba buddha isa sthAna para rahate the, taba unake upayoga ke liye yaha khodA gayA thaa| pokhara se kucha dUra pazcima meM eka dUsarA stUpa thaa| yaha usa sthAna para banA thA, jahA~ bandaroM ne buddha ko madhu arpita kiyA thaa| pokhara ke uttara-pazcima kone para bandara kI eka mUrti thii|' Ajakala sthiti yaha hai- kolhuA meM eka stambha hai, jisa para siMha kI mUrti hai| isake uttara meM azoka nirmita eka stUpa hai; stUpa ke dakSiNa kI ora rAmakuNDa nAma se prasiddha eka pokhara hai jo ki bauddha-itihAsa meM karmaTahRda nAma se prasiddha hai| azoka-stambha 'bhIma kI lAThI' ke nAma se yahA~ prasiddha hai| yaha jamIna se 21 phITa 9 iMca U~cA hai| stambha kA UparI bhAga 2 phITa 10 iMca U~cA hai aura ghaNTI ke AkAra kA hai| isake Upara prastarakhaNDa hai jisa para siMha uttarAbhimukha baiThA hai| janarala kaniMghama ne 14 phITa nIce taka isakI khudAI karAI thI aura taba bhI ise itanA hI cikanA pAyA thA jitanA Upara hai| stambha se uttara meM 20 gaja kI dUrI para eka dhvasta stUpa hai| yaha 15 phITa U~cA hai, dharatI para isakA vyAsa 65 phITa hai, isameM lagI IMTeM 12"4914."421/,' haiN| stUpa ke Upara eka Adhunika mandira hai, isameM bodhivRkSa ke nIce bhUmisparzamudrA meM baiThe buddha kI eka vizAla mUrti hai jo mukuTa, hAra aura karNAbhUSkSaNa pahane hai| buddha ke sira ke donoM ora baiThI mUrtiyA~ mukuTa aura AbhUSaNa pahane haiN| unake hAtha isa prakAra haiM, mAnoM ve prArthanA kara rahI hoN| ina donoM choTI mUrtiyoM meM pratyeka ke nIce nimna-paMktiyA~ nAgarI meM likhI haiM (1) deyadhammoyam pravaramahAyAnayAyinaH karaNikocchAhaH (=utsAhasya) mA (1) Nakya-sutasya,

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(2) yadatrapuNyam tadbhavatvAcAryoM-pAdhyAya- mAtApitorAtmanazca pUrvvagamamakR (3) tvA sakala-sa(t) tvarAzeranuttara- jJAnAvAptyaiti / / " arthAt mANikya ke putra, lekhaka aura mahAyAna ke parama anuyAyI utsAha kA yaha dharmapUrvaka kiyA gayA dAna hai| isase jo bhI puNya ho, vaha AcArya, upAdhyAya, mAtA-pitA aura apane se lekara samasta prANimAtra ke ananta kalyANa kI prApti ke liye ho / 31 stambha se 50 phITa para hI rAmakuNDa athavA markaTahrada hai, jisake kinAre kUTAgArazAlA thii| kUTAgArazAlA meM hI buddha ne Ananda ko apane nirvANa kI sUcanA dI thii| khudAI karane para pUrva se pazcima kI ora jAne vAlI eka moTI dIvAra pAyI gaI hai jo ki pakkI IMToM kI hai, IToM kA AkAra 151, 499/, " hai| dIvAra ke pazcimI chora para eka choTe stUpa ke avazeSa pAye gaye haiM, isa stUpa kI aneka IMTe idhara-udhara par3I thiiN| savA sAta iJca vyAsa vAlI eka golAkAra IMTa thI jisakA UparI bhAga gola thA, isake bIca meM eka caukora cheda thaa| kaniMghama ke vicArAnusAra yaha stUpa ke zikhara kI eka IMTa rahI hogii| kolhuA, baniyA aura basAr3ha se pazcima meM 'nyorI nAlA' nAmaka nadI kA purAnA pATa bahuta dUra taka calA gayA hai| aba isameM khetI hotI hai| yahA~ eka janazruti prasiddha hai ki prAcIna vaizAlI ke cAroM konoM para cAra zivaliGga sthApita the| isakA AdhAra kyA hai, yaha patA nahIM, na hI isake pakSa meM kucha pramANa upalabdha haiN| uttara-pUrvI 'mahAdeva' jo kUmanachaparAgAchI meM hai vAstava meM buddha kI mUrti hai jo ki caturmukha hai| uttara-pazcima meM eka saMgamaramara kA liMga banA huA hai jo bilkula Adhunika hai| ina donoM ko mahAdeva ke rUpa meM yahA~ kI janatA bahuta bhaktibhAva se pUjatI hai| vaizAlI meM cInI yAtrI vaizAlI meM phAhiyAna aura hvenasAMga Adi cInI yAtrI Aye the| una logoM ne apane yAtrA- vRttoM meM isakA varNana kiyA hai| phAhiyAna ne likhA hai- "vaizAlI nagara ke uttara meM eka mahAvana kUTAgAravihAra hai (buddhadeva kA nivAsasthAna hai ) Ananda kA arddhAGga stUpa hai| nagara meM ambapAlI vezyA rahatI thI, usane buddhadeva kA stUpa banavAyA, aba taka vaisA hI hai| nagara ke dakSiNa tIna lI para ambapAlI vezyA kA bAga hai jise usane buddhadeva ko dAna diyA ki ve usameM rheN| buddhadeva parinirvANa ke liye jaba saba ziSyoM sahita vaizAlI nagara ke pazcima dvAra se nikale to dAhinI ora vaizAlI nagara ko dekhakara ziSyoM se kahA yaha merI antima vidA hai| pIche logoM ne vahA~ stUpa banavAyA /

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32 yahA~ se pazcima kI ora tIna-cAra lI para eka stupa hai| baddhadeva ke parinirvANa se sau varSa bAda vaizAlI ke bhikSuoM ne vinaya-daza zIla ke viruddha AcaraNa kiyaa| ___ isa sthAna se 4 yojana calakara pA~ca nadiyoM ke saMgama para phuNce| Ananda magadha se vaizAlI parinirvANa ke liye cle| devatAoM ne ajAtazatru ko sUcanA dii| ajAtazatru turaMta ratha para car3ha senA sAtha liye nadI para phuNcaa| vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM ne Ananda kA Agamana sunA, lene ko cale, nadI para phuNce| Ananda ne socA- Age bar3hatA hU~ to ajAtazatru burA mAnatA hai, lauTatA hU~ to licchavI rokate haiN| nidAna nadI ke bIca meM hI samAdhitretAgni meM unhoMne parinirvANa lAbha kiyaa| zarIra ko do bhAgoM meM vibhakta kara eka-eka bhAga donoM kinAroM para pahu~cAyA gyaa| donoM rAjAoM ko AdhA-AdhA zarIrAMza milaa| ve lauTa Ae aura unhoMne stUpa bnvaayaa|" __ hvenasAMga ne apane yAtrA-prakaraNa meM likhA hai- "isa rAjya kA kSetraphala lagabhaga pA~ca hajAra lI hai--- bhUmi uttama aura upajAU hai, phala aura phUla bahuta adhika hote haiM, vizeSakara Amra aura moca (kelA) tathA loga inakI kadara bhI bahuta karate haiN| prakRti svAbhAvika aura sahya hai tathA manuSyoM kA AcaraNa zuddha aura saccA hai| ye loga dharma se prema aura vidyA kI bar3I pratiSThA karate haiN| virodhI aura bauddha donoM milakara rahate haiN| kaI sau saMghArAma yahA~ para the paranta saba ke saba khaMDahara ho gaye haiM, jo do-cAra bAkI haiM unameM yA to sAdha nahIM hai aura yadi haiM to bahuta km| dasa-bIsa mandira devatAoM ke haiM jinameM aneka matAnuyAyI upAsanA karate haiN| vaizAlI kA pradhAna nagara atyanta Ujar3a hai| isakA kSetraphala 60 se 70 lI taka aura rAjamahala kA vistAra cAra yA 5 lI ke ghere meM hai| bahata thor3e se loga isameM nivAsa karate haiN| rAjadhAnI ke pazcimottara pA~ca yA chaha lI dUrI para eka saMghArAma hai| isameM kucha sAdhu rahate haiN| ye loga sammatIyasaMsthA ke anusAra hInayAnasampradAya ke anuyAyI haiN|" kSatriyakuNDa basAr3ha ke nikaTa bAsukuNDa sthAna hai jo ki prAcIna kSatriyakuNDa grAma hai| jainazAstroM meM isakA sthAna-nirdeza karate hue likhA hai(1) asthi iha bharahavAse majjhimadesassa maNDaNaM prmN| sirikuNDagAmanayaraM vsumirmnniitilybhuuyN|7| nemicandrasUrikRta mahAvIracaritam, patra 26 bhArata ke majjhama (madhyamadeza) meM kuNDagrAma nagara hai|

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(2) jambuddIve NaM dIve bhArahe vAsedAhiNamAhiNakuMDapurasanivesAo uttarakhattiyakuMDapurasannivesaMsi nAyANaM khattiyANaM siddhatthassa khattiyassa kAsavaguttassa tisalAe khattiyANIe vAsiTThasaguttAe asubhANaM puggalANaM avahAraM karitA subhANaM puggalANaM pakkhevaM karittA kucchiMsi gabdhaM sAhara i / AcArAGga (TIkA sahita), patra 388. jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM dakSiNabrAhmaNakuNDapura sanniveza se ( calakara ) uttarakSatriyakuNDapurasanniveza meM jJAtRkSatriyoM ke kAzyapagotrI siddhArthakSatriya kI (patnI) vAsiSThagotrI trizalA kSatriyANI kI kukSimeM azubha pugaloM ko haTAkara zubha-pudgaloM kA prakSepa karake garbha-praveza karAtA hai| (3) bhagavAn ko AcArAGgasUtra meM 'videha' kahA hai ------ 'nAe nAyaputte nAyakulanivvatte videhe videhadine videhajacce videhasUmAle tIsaM vAsAI videhaMsitti" AcArAMgasUtra, patra 389. 33 bhagavAn kA 'videha' nAma bhagavAn kI mAtA ke kula ke sAtha sambandha rakhatA hai| mAtA trizalA videhakula kI thiiN| AcArAGgasUtra meM likhA hai "samaNassa NaM bhagavao mahAvIrassa ammA vAsiTThassaguttA, tIse NaM tini nA0, taM0 - tisalA i vA videhadinnA hU~ vA piyakAriNI i vaa| (AcArAGgasUtra patra 389 ) yahA~ bhagavAn kI mAtA ke tIna nAma batAye haiM- (1) trizalA, (2) videhadattA, (3) priykaarinnii| mAtA trizalA videha deza kI nagarI vaizAlI ke gaNasattAka rAjA ceTaka kI bahina thI, yaha gharAnA 'videha' nAma se prasiddha thaa| isI kAraNa mAtA trizalA ko 'videhadattA' kahA gayA hai| ataeva mAtRpakSaka nAma 'videha' bhI bhagavAn ko milaa| isI videha meM hI bhagavAn ne tIsa varSa vyatIta kiye the| uparokta varNana kalpasUtra meM bhI aisA hI milatA hai| TIkAkAroM dvArA 'videha' ke bhinna-bhinna artha karane para bhI yaha spaSTa hai ki unakA videha ke sAtha vizeSa sambandha thaa| (4) nimna pramANoM meM digambarazAstroM meM bhI jambUdvIpa ke bhAratavarSa meM videhAntargata kuNDapura ko batAyA hai| (ka) unmIlitAvadhidazA sahasA viditvA praNatottamAMgAH / tajjanmabhakti bharataH ghaNTAninAdasamavetanikAyamukhyA diSTyA yayustaditi kuNDapuraM surendrAH / / 17-61 / / ( mahAkavi asaga ( I0sa0 988) viracita vardhamAnacaritra)

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34 siddhArthanupatitanayo bhAratavAsye videhakuNDapure / devyAM priyakAriNyAM susvapnAn saMpradarzya vibhuH / / 4 / / ( AcArya pUjyapAda ( vi0 5vIM zatAbdI) viracita dazabhakti, pRSTha 116 ) (ga) atha dezo'sti vistArI jambUdvIpasya bhArate / videha iti vikhyAtaH svargakhaMDasama zriyaH / / 1 / / tatrAkhaMDalanetrAlIpadminIkhaNDamaNDanam / sukhAMbhaH kuNDamAbhAti nAmnA kuNDapuraM puram / / 5 / / (AcArya jinasena (vi0 8vIM zatAbdI) viracita harivaMzapurANa, khaNDa 1, (kha) uparokta pramANoM meM kSatriyakuNDagA~va ko majjhimadeza aura videhadeza ke antargata batAyA hai| Upara nirdezAnusAra majjhimadeza AryAvartta kA nAmAntara hai, isI ke antargata hI videhadeza hai| prakArAntara se kSatriyakuNDa videha kA eka nagara hI hai| bhagavAn ko zAstroM meM 'vesAliya' arthAt vaizAlika kahA hai| 'vaizAlika' kI vyAkhyA karate hue batAyA gayA hai (1) vizAlA jananI yasya vizAlaM kulameva ca / vizAlaM vacanaM cAsya tena vaizAliko jinaH / / sarga 2 ) sUtrakRtAGga zIlAMkAcArya TIkA, a0 2, udde0 3. vizAlAputra (vizAlAyAH apatyam vaizAlikaH ) aura vizAla kula hone se aura vizAla vacana vAlA hone se prabhu vaizAlika hue| (2) tattha NaM sAvatthIe nayarIe piMgalae NAmaM niyaMThe vesAliasAvae parivasai (mUlacchAyA:- tasyAM zrAvastyAM nagaryAM piGgalako nAma nirgratho vaizAlika zrAvakaH parivasati ) / bhagavatIsUtra saTIka, bhAga 1, pRSTha 231. usI zrAvastI nagarI meM piMgalaka nAmaka nirgrantha vaizAlika zrAvaka rahatA hai| bhagavAn ke vaizAlika nAma se pragaTa hai ki unakA vaizAlI se gaharA sambandha thA / jisa prakAra videha meM rahane ke kAraNa unheM videha kahA jAtA thA usI prakAra vaizAlI nagarI se sambandha hone ke kAraNa unheM 'vaizAlika' bhI kahA jAtA thaa| isakA spaSTa abhiprAya yaha hai ki kSatriyakuNDa (jahA~ ki bhagavAn mAtA ke garbha meM Aye the) kA vaizAlI se sambandha hai athavA usake atinikaTastha koI nagara hai| brAhmaNakuNDagrAma kSatriyakuNDa ke nikaTa thA aura ina donoM ke bIca meM bahuzAlacaitya thaa| eka bAra bhagavAn vihAra karate hue brAhmaNakuNDa Aye the aura isa gA~va ke nikaTa

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meM bahuzAlacaitya meM Akara tthhre| isa sampUrNa kathA ko bhagavatIsUtra ke tIsare bhAga meM pRSTha 162 se prArambha kiyA hai| usameM likhA hai ___ "tassa NaM mahANakuMDaggAmassa Nayarassa paccatthimeNaM ettha NaM khattiyakuMDaggAme nAma nayare hotthaa|" brAhmaNakuNDagrAma kI pazcimadizA meM kSatriyakuNDagrAma thaa| isI kSatriyakuNDagrAma meM jamAli nAmaka kSatrika-kumAra rahatA thaa| jaba bhagavAn ke bahuzAlacaitya meM pahu~cane kI sUcanA kSatriyakuNDa meM pahu~cI to vahA~ se eka bar3A jana-samUha kSatriyakuNDa ke bIca meM se hotA huA brAhmaNakuNDa kI ora claa| jahA~ bahuzAlacaitya hai, vahA~ aayaa| isa bhIr3a ko dekhakara jamAli bhI vahA~ gyaa| bhagavatIsUtra meM likhA hai-- "jAva egAbhimuhe khattiyakuMDaggAmaM nayaraM majjha majheNaM niggacchai, niggacchiittA jeNeva mAhaNakuMDaggAme nayare jeNeva bahusAlae ceie....." bhagavAn ke pravacana se jamAli ke hRdaya meM bhI dIkSA lene kI icchA utpanna huii| isalie vaha apane mAtA-pitA kI anujJA-prApta karane puna: khattiyakuMDa lauttaa| anujJA prApta karane ke bAda eka vizAla janasamUha ke sAtha ___ "satthavAhappabhiyao purao saMpaTThiyA khattiyakuMDaggAme nayare ma majjheNaM jeNeva mAhaNakuNDaggAme nayare, jeNeva bahusAlae ceie, jeNeva samaNe bhagavaM mahAvIre teNeva pahArettha gmnnaae|" kSatriyakuNDagrAma nagara ke bIcoMbIca meM se nikalakara brAhmaNakuNDa grAma kI ora bahuzAlacaitya meM jahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI the vahA~ (jamAli) aayaa| isa varNana se spaSTa hai ki kSatriyakuNDa ke nikaTa hI brAhmaNagrAma kA honA sambhava hai| isa kSatriyakuNDagrAma meM kyoMki 'jJAta' kSatriya rahate the, isa kAraNa bauddha granthoM meM ise jJAtika athavA jAtika vA nAtika kahakara ullekha kiyA gayA hai| nAtika ke atirikta nAdika bhI ise likhA gayA hai| nAmabheda ke sambandha meM carcA hai(1) 'saMyuktanikAya kI buddhaghoSa kI sAratthappakAsinI TIkA meM likhA hai 'jAtiketi dvinaM jAtakAnAM gAme' (2) 'dIghanikAya kI sumaMgalavilAsinI TIkA meM likhA hai nAdikAti etaM talAkaM nissAya dviNNaM cullapitu mahApituputtAnaM ve gaamaa| nAdiketi ekasmi aatigaame|"

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36 inake anusAra jAtika (jJAtika) aura nAdika donoM nAma eka hI sthAna ke the / JatigAma (=jJAtigAma) hone se jAti nAma par3A thA aura nAdika tar3Aga (tAlAba) ke nikaTa hone se nAdika kahalAtA thA / yaha nAtika grAma kahA~ para thA, isake sambandha meM hama nimna uddharaNoM se eka nirNaya para pahu~ca sakate haiM (1) Natika (v.l. Nadika, Natika) A locality in the vajji country on the highway between Kotigama and Vesali. arthAt jatika (nAdika, nAtika) vajjIdeza ke antargata vaizAlI aura koTigAma ke bIca meM eka sthAna hai| Dictionary of Pali-Proper Names. Vol. I, page 876. (2) isI DikzanarI oNpha pAlI prApara nemsa ke dUsare bhAga meM pRSTha 723 para rAjagRha aura kapilavastu ke bIca meM Aye sthAnoM ko mahAparinivvANasutta ke anusAra ginAyA hai From Kapilvatthu to Rajagaha was sixty leagues. From Rajagaha to Kusinara was a distance of twenty five leagues, and the Mahaparinibbanasutta gives a list of the places at which the Buddha stopped during his last journey that road- Ambalatthika, Nalanda, Pataligama (where he crossed the Ganges), Kotigama, Nadika, Vesali, Bhandagama, Hatthigama, Ambagama, Jambugama, Bhoganagara, Pava, and the Kakuttha River, beyond which lay the Mango grove and the Sala grove of the Mallas. arthAt kapilavatthu se rAjagaha 60 yojana thA, rAjagaha se kuzInArA 25 yojn| bhagavAn buddha ne jaba isa sthAna kI antima yAtrA kI to mArga meM Ane vAle sthAnoM ko mahAparinivvANasutta meM isa prakAra ginAyA gayA hai- ambalatthikA, nAlandA, pATaligAma (yahA~ gaMgA ko pAra kiyA thA), koTigAma, nAdikA, vaizAlI bhaNDagAma aadi-aadi| aba spaSTa rUpa se yaha pariNAma nikalatA hai ki kSatriyakuNDagrAma athavA jAtika vajjIdeza (videha) ke antargata hai / buddha kI jo antima yAtrA kA vivaraNa prApta hai usase pratIta hotA hai ki yaha sthAna koTigAma aura vaizAlI ke bIca meM thaa| hamAre isa kathana kI puSTi zAstroM se, aitihAsika pramANoM se, purAtattvavibhAga dvArA saMgRhIta pramANoM se hotI hai|

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37 bhrAnta sthApanAe~ DaoN0 hArnale aura DaoN0 jAkobI ne jainazAstroM para vivecanA karate hue kucha aisI sthApanAe~ kI haiM, jinameM bhrama ho sakatA hai| Apake mantavyAnusAra (1) vANiyagAma (saM0 vANijyagrAma) yaha vaizAlI nAma se suprasiddha zahara kA dUsarA nAma thaa| - mahAvIra tIrthakaranI janmabhUmi (DaoN0 hArnale kA lekha), jaina sAhityasaMzodhaka, khaNDa 1, aMka 4, pRSTha 218 / (2) kuNDagAma nAma bhI vaizAlI kA hI thA aura vaizAlI hI bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi thii| - DaoN0 hArnale kA uparokta lekha 1930 meM DaoN0 jAkobI ne eka lekha meM likhA thA ki vaizAlI-- mUla vaizAlI, vANiyagAma aura kuNDagAma ina tIna kA samUha thaa| kuNDa gAma meM kollAka eka muhallA thaa| - bhAratIyavidyA (siMghI smRtigrantha), pRSTha 186 (3) isa kollAga-sanniveza se sambaddha parantu usase bAhara dvipalAza nAma kA eka caitya thA, sAdhAraNacaitya kI bhA~ti usameM eka mandira aura usake AsapAsa udyAna thaa| isa kAraNa se vipAkasUtra (1,2) meM use 'dUipalAsaujjANa' rUpa meM likhA gayA hai; aura vaha nAyakula kA hI thA isalie usakA 'nAyasaNDavaNe ujjANe' athavA 'nAyasaNDe ujjANe' ityAdi (kalpasUtra 115 aura AcArAMgasUtra 2; 15 sU0, 22) varNana kiyA gayA hai| jainasAhityasaMzodhaka, khaM0 1, aM0 4, pRSTha 219. (4) mahAvIra ke pitA siddhArtha kuNDagAma athavA vaizAlInagara ke kollAga nAma ke mohalle meM basane vAlI nAyajAti ke kSatriyoM ke mukhya saradAra the|.... siddhArtha kA kuNDapura athavA kuNDagAma ke rAjA ke rUpa meM sarvatra varNana nahIM kiyA gyaa| apitu isake viparIta sAmAnya rUpa meM unheM eka sAdhAraNa kSatriya (siddhatthe khattiye) rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai| jo eka do sthAnoM para unheM rAjA (siddhatye rAyA) rUpa meM likhA gayA hai, use apavAda hI samajhanA caahiye| - DaoN0 hArnale kA uparokta lekha siddhArtha eka bar3e rAjA nahIM apitu amIra mAtra the| (lekha- DaoN0 harmana jaikobInI jainasUtronI prastAvanA, anuvAdaka- zAha ambAlAla caturabhAI) jainasAhityasaMzodhaka, khaM0 1, aM0 4, pRSTha 71.

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38 (5) mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi kollAga hI thI aura isI kAraNa se jaba saMsAra tyAgA taba svAbhAvika rIti se hI apanI janmabhUmi se pAsa sthita dvipalAza nAma ke apane hI kula ke caitya meM prathama jA rhaa| (dekheM kalpasUtra 115-16) - DaoN0 hArnale kA uparokta lekha (6) usa (siddhArtha) kI patnI jisakA nAma trizalA thA, usakA bhI hamezA kSatriyANI rUpa meM varNana kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka mujhe smaraNa hai use devIrUpa meM kahIM nahIM likhA gyaa| ---- DaoN0 jAkobI kA uparokta lekha (7) sanniveza athavA mohllaa| - DaoN0 hArnale kA lekha kuNDagrAma ko AcArAgasatra meM eka satriveza rUpa meM likhA gayA hai , jisakA artha TIkAkAroM ne 'yAtrI athavA kAphile (sArthavAha) kA vizrAmasthAna' artha kiyA hai| - DaoN0 jAkobI kA lekha (8) uvAsagadasAo ke sUtra 77 aura 78 meM vANiyAgAma ke prakaraNa meM prayukta 'uccanIcamajjhimakulAiM' arthAt UMca, nIca aura madhyamavarga vAlA-vizeSaNa dulva (rokhila kA buddhacAritra, pRSTha 62) meM Aye hue nimna varNana se milatA hai-- vaizAlI meM tIna vibhAga the, jisameM pahale vibhAga meM suvarNa kalaza vAle 7000 ghara the, bIca ke vibhAga meM rajatakalaza vAle 14000 ghara the aura antima vibhAga meM tAmrakalaza vAle 21000 ghara the| ina vibhAgoM meM U~ca, madhyama aura nIca varga ke loga krama se rahate the|" - DaoN0 hArnale kA uparyukta lekha parantu DaoN0 hArnale aura DaoN0 jAkobI donoM kI hI sthApanAe~ jaina-zAstroM se mela nahIM khAtI; zAstroM ke pramANoM ko hama yahA~ upasthita karake TippaNiyoM ko ttttoleNge| (1) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacaritam meM bhagavAn ke vaizAlI se vANijyagrAma kI ora jAne kA ullekha hai| isase pragaTa hotA hai ki donoM pRthak-pRthak nagara the| nAtho'pi siddhArthapurAdvaizAlI nagarIM yyau| zaMkhaH pitRsahattatrAbhyAnarca gaNarAT prbhum||138|| tataH pratasthe bhagavAn grAmaM vANijakaM prti| mArge gaMDakikA nAma nadI nAvottatAra c||139|| -tri020pu0ca0, parva 10, sarga 4, patra 45. arthAt bhagavAn vaizAlI se vANiyAgAma kI ora cale aura rAste meM unheM gaMDakI nadI ko pAra karanA pdd'aa|

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39 isase pragaTa hai donoM nagara na kevala pRthak-pRthak the apitu donoM ke bIca gaNDakI nadI bhI bahatI thii| (2) Upara hamane sapramANa yaha sthApanA hai ki vaizAlI, brAhmaNakuNDa aura kSatriyakuNDa gaNDakI ke pUrvItaTa para the aura karmAragrAma, kollAgasaniveza, vANijyagrAma tathA dvipalAzacaitya pazcimItaTa pr|10 ye vastuta: eka hI nagara ke bhinna do nAma nahIM the| sthAna-sthAna para bhagavAn kA eka nagara se dUsare nagara meM jAne kA varNana zAstroM meM milatA hai| isake atirikta jahA~ kahIM do nagaroM kA nAma ekatra AyA bhI hai use vartamAna prayoga kI bhA~ti samajhanA caahiye| jaise hama bhASA meM kaha dete haiM ki dillI-AgarA, jayapura-jodhapura, lAhaura-amRtasara, bniyaa-bsaaddh'| yahA~ ikaTThe isa prayoga kA abhiprAya kevala unakI nikaTatA ko batAnA hotA hai| (3) DaoN0 hArnale ne kollAkasanniveza ke nikaTa eka dvipalAza caitya udyAna (dUipalAsa ujjANa) aura usa para nAyakula kA adhikAra batAyA hai| unakI sammati meM nAyasaNDavaNa ujjANa aura dUipalAsa ujjANa eka hI the| unhoMne jina granthoM ke pramANa diye haiM unake anusAra duipalAsa ujjANa to vANijyagrAma ke uttara-pUrva meM thA aura nAyasaNDavaNa ujjANa (jJAtakhaNDavana udyAna) kuNDapura (kSatriyakuNDa) ke bAhara thaa| (ka) vipAkasUtra meM likhA hai tassa Na vANiyagAmassa uttarapuratthime disibhAe duIpalAse nAma ujjANe hotthaa| vivAgasuyaM, pRSTha 16.. (kha) kalpasUtra subodhinI TIkA sahita, patra 111 meM likhA hai kuNDapuraM nagaraM majhamajjheNaM niggacchai, niggacchittA jaNeva nAyasaMDavaNe ujjANe jeNeva asogavarapAyave teNeva uvaagcchi| __ina donoM uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki nAyasAMDaNa aura duipalAsa ujjANa donoM bhanna-bhinna haiN| (4) DaoN0 hAnale aura DaoN0 jaikobI donoM ne hI siddhArtha ko rAjA na mAnakara amIra athavA eka saradAra mAnA hai| unakA vicAra hai ki do eka sthAnoM ke atirikta pranthoM meM siddhArtha ke sAtha kSatriya zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| parantu isake viparIta jaina granthoM meM na kevala siddhArtha ko rAjA kahA gayA hai apitu unake AdhInastha anya logoM kA bhI varNana kiyA gayA hai| kalpasUtra meM likhA hai- "tae NaM se siddhatthe rAyA tesalAe khattiyANIe......" isameM siddhArtha ko rAjA batalAyA gayA hai (ka0sa0 saTIka, patra 58) / Age calakara patra 67 meM likhA hai ki "kapparukkhaevi va alaMkiyavibhasie pariMde, sakoriTamalladAmeNaM cha teNaM dharijjamaNeNaM seyavaracAmarAhiM uddhunAmANIhiM

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40 maMgalajayasaddakayAloe, aNegagaNanAyaga-daMDanAyaga-rAIsara-talavara-mADaMbiya-koDabiyamaMti-mahAmaMti-gaNana-dovAriya-amacca-ceDa-pIDhamadda-nagara-nigamatisiTThi-segAvaisatyavAha-dUya-sandhivAlasaddhiM saMpurivuDe' isakA abhiprAya hai rAjA siddhArtha kalpavRkSa kI bhAMti mukuTavastroM Adi se vibhUSita 'narendra' the (prAcInasAhitya meM prAya: narendra kA prayoga rAjAoM ke lie huA hai) isa narendra ke nIce nimna loga padAdhikArI the(1) daNDanAyaka, (2) yuvarAja, (3) talavAra (kotavAla), (4) mADambika, (cuMgI adhyakSa), (5) kauTumbika, (6) mantrI, (7) mahAmantrI, (8) gaNaka, (9) dauvArika, (10) amAtya, (11) ceTa, (12) pIThamaIka, (13) nAgara, (14) nigama, (15) zreSThI, (16) senApati, (17) sArthavAha, (18) dUta, (19) sndhipaal| inhIM logoM se rAjA siddhArtha parivRtta thaa| AvazyakacUrNi meM bhI yahI varNana milatA hai| yadi jAkobI ke matAnusAra siddhArtha kevala amIra hotA to zreSThI zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA na ki rAjA kaa| kSatriya kA artha sAdhAraNa kSatriya ke atirikta rAjA bhI hotA hai| isakI puSTi TIkAkAroM aura kozoM se hotI hai| abhidhAnacintAmaNi, pRSTha 344 para likhA hai "kSatraM tu kSatriyo rAjA rAjanyo baahusNbhvH|" / isake anusAra kSatriya, kSatra Adi zabdoM kA prayoga rAjA ke liye bhI hotA hai| pravacanasAroddhAra, patra 84 meM likhe 'mahaseNe ya khattie' para TIkAkAra likhatA hai "candraprabhasya mahAsena: kSatriyo raajaa"| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki yaha prAcIna paramparA rahI hai ki rAjA ke sthAna para granthakAra kSatriya zabda kA bhI prayoga kara dete haiN| hamAre isa mata kI puSTi TrAibja ina enziyaNTa iNDiyA meM DaoN0 vimalacaraNa lA ne bhI kI hai| 'Savaraswami in his commentary in the Purvamimansa Sutra, Book II, says that the word 'raja' is a synonyam for Ksatriya, and states that even in his time the word was used by the Andhras to designate a Ksatriya'. Ibid, book page 322. pUrvamImAMsAsUtra kI TIkA meM zavarasvAmI ne likhA hai ki rAjA zabda kSatriya kA paryAya thA aura TIkAkAra ke samaya meM bhI Andhra loga rAjA zabda kA prayoga kSatriya ke lie karate the| nirayAvaliyAo (pRSTha 27) ke anusAra vajjIgaNasaMgha kA adhyakSa rAjA ceTaka thA, isakI sahAyatArtha saMgha meM se 9 licchavi aura 9 malla zAsanakArya calAne ke lie cuna liye jAte the| ye gaNarAjA kahAte the| isa gaNasaMgha meM jAtakoM ke anusAra 7707 sadasya the, jo rAjA kahalAte the| una meM se pratyeka kA uparAja, senApati, bhANDAgArika

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41 (koSAdhyakSa) bhI thaa| tattha niccakAlaM rajjaM kAretvA vaMsatAnaM yeva rAjanaM sattasahasasAni sattasatAni sata ca rAjAno hoMti tattakA; yeva uparAjAno tattakA senApatino tattakA bhNddaagaarikaa|' ekapaNNajAtaka (saM0 149, 1, 504, phosabola dvArA sampAdita saMskaraNa) inhIM 7707 rAjAoM meM se eka rAjA siddhArtha thaa| (5) bhagavAn mahAvIrasvAmI kI janma-bhUmi DaoN0 hArnale ke anusAra kollAga sanniveza hai kyoMki kollAga ko DAkTara sAhaba vaizAlI kA eka muhallA mAnate haiM isaliye vaizAlI ko bhI janma-bhUmi mAnate haiN| parantu hama Upara yaha nirdeza kara cuke haiM ki kollAga aura vaizAlI do bhinna-bhinna nagara the, eka dUsare ke nikaTa avazya the| bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi vastuta: kuNDapura (kSatriyakuNDa) thI, yahA~ bhagavAn ne 30 varSa kI Ayu taka apanA jIvana bitAyA thA, isa nagara ke bAhara sthita nAyasaMDavaNa meM bhagavAn ne dIkSA lI, yahA~ se thalamArga se kAragrAma pahu~ce, yahIM rAtri bitaaii| agale dina prAta:kAla karmAragrAma se vihAra karake kollAgasatriveza meM gye| sambhavataH DAkTara sAhaba ko bhrAnti isaliye huI hai kyoMki kuNDapura meM jJAtakula ke kSatriya rahate the aura kollAga meM bhI jJAtakula ke kSatriya; isalie unhoMne donoM ko eka samajhakara varNana kara diyaa| (6) DaoN0 jAkobI kA vicAra hai ki trizalA mAtA ko jainagranthoM meM sarvatra kSatriyANI rUpa meM likhA gayA hai, devIrUpa meM nhiiN| hama yaha Upara batA cuke haiM ki kSatriya kA artha koza aura TIkAkAroM ke anusAra 'rAjA' bhI hotA hai, usI sambandha meM kSatriyANI kA artha devI yA rAnI ho jaayegaa| sAmAnyata: bhAratIya zabda prayoga paramparA yaha hai ki kSatriya-vaMza se sambandha hone ke kAraNa nAma ke pIche puna:-punaH kSatriya kA prayoga nahIM kiyA jAtA, parantu yadi kSatriyavaMza se sambandha hone para vIrocita kArya karatA hai athavA rAjakula se sambaddha hotA hai to kahA jAtA hai ki 'kSatriya hI to hai| usakA sammAna pragaTa karane ke liye kSatriyazabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| isake atirikta jainagranthoM meM trizalA mAtA ko devI rUpa meM bahuta sthaloM para varNana kiyA gayA hai| Upara kSatriyakuNDa vAle prakaraNa meM hamane AcArya pUjyapAda viracita dazabhakti se eka zloka uddhata kiyA thA, usameM mAtA trizalA ke lie devIzabda kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| vaha paMkti isa prakAra hai 'devyA priyakAriNyAM susvapnAn saMpradarzya vibhuH|' anya granthoM meM bhI devI kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai

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42 (1) trizaSTizalAkApuruSacaritra ke parva 10 sarga 2 meM(ka) dadhAra trizalAdevI muditA garbhamadbhutam / 33 / (kha) upasRtyAgato devyAzcAvasvApikAM ddau| 54 | (ga) devyAH pArzve ca bhagavatpratirUpaM nidhAya saH / 55 / (i) uvAca trizalAdevI sadane nastvamAgamaH / 141 / (2) mahAvIracariyaM meM kramazaH patra 28 aura 33 para nimna sthaloM para devI kA prayoga hai| (ka) tassa ghare taM sAhara tisalAdevIe kucchiMsi / 51 / (kha) siddhatyo ya narindo tisalAdevI ya rAyaloo yA68 / (7) DaoN0 hArnale ke anusAra to sanniveza kA artha muhallA hai aura DaoN0 jAkobI ke matAnusAra usakA artha 'par3Ava' hai| yahA~ donoM ne zabda ke artha kA anapayukta prayoga kiyA hai, kyoMki sanniveza ke artha bahuta se hote haiM aura yahA~ yaha artha 'grAma' se hai| - (ka) pAiasaddamahaNNavo ke pRSTha 1054 para sanniveza ke artha meM diye haiM(1) nagara ke bAhara kA praveza, (2) gA~va, nagara Adi sthAna / ( 4 ) grAma, gA~va Adi / (5) racanA Adi / (kha) bhagavatIsUtra ke prathama khaNDa, pRSTha 85 para TIkAkAra ne sannivaza kA artha isa prakAra likhA hai'sannivezoM ghoSAdiH, eSAM dvandvastatasteSu, athavA grAmAdayo ye sannivezAste tathA teSu / ' (ga) nizIthacUrNi meM sanniveza kA artha diyA hai 'satthAvAsagatthANaM saNNiveso gAmo vA pIDito saMniviTTho jattAgato vA logo sanniviTTho so sANNavesaM bhaNNati / ' abhidhAnarAjendra, bhAga saptama, pRSTha 307. (gha) bRhatkalpasaTIka, vibhAga- 2, patra 342-345 para sanniveza kA artha diyA hai-- 'nivezo nAma yatra sArtha AvAsitaH, Adi grahaNena grAmo vA anyatra prasthitaH san yatrAntarAvAsamadhivasati yAtrAyAM vA gato loko yatra tiSThati, eSa sarvo'pi niveza ucyate / 11 (8) uvAsagadasAo meM prayukta uccanIcamajjhimakulAI ke AdhAra para DaoN0 hArnale vANiyAgAma ke tIna bhAga karane kA prayatna kiyA hai| dulva meM Aye vaizAlI ke varNana ke sAtha usakA mela baiThAne kA prayatna karake vaizAlI aura vANiyAgAma ko eka batAne

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43 kA prayatna kiyA hai| jaina zAstroM meM sAdhu ke lie niyama hai ki sAdha kahIM bhI- grAma, nagara, saniveza yA karbaTa Adi meM bhikSArtha jAve, vahA~ binA varga aura varNavibheda ke U~ca, nIca aura madhyama kuloM meM bhikSA grahaNa kre| jisa prakaraNa ko DAkTarasAhaba ne uddhRta kiyA hai vahA~ bhI bhagavAn ne gautamasvAmI ko bhikSA ke lie anujJA dete hue U~ca, nIca aura madhyama sabhI vargoM meM bhikSAgrahaNa karane kA Adeza diyA hai| dazavaikAlikasUtra hAribhadrIyaTIkA, patra 163 meM sAdhu ko nirdeza hai- "gocaraH' uttamAdhama-madhyamakuleSvaraktadviSTasya bhikSATanam' isalie ise AdhAra banAne kA prayAsa vyartha hai| antagaDadasAo meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki bhagavAn ne pulAsapura, dvArakA Adi meM U~ca, nIca aura madhyama kuloM meM bhikSA grahaNa kA Adeza diyaa| bhagavatIsUtra Adi anya granthoM meM bhI aisA hI varNana AtA hai| inakI tulanA dulva meM Aye vaizAlI ke prakaraNa se kI jA sakatI hai? isI bhA~ti zrImatI sTIvensana ne DaoN0 hArnale kI galatiyoM ko duharAne ke sAtha eka aura bhayaMkara bhUla yaha bhI kara dI hai ki bhagavAn ko vaizya-kulotpanna batAyA hai (dekheM hArTa oNpha jainijma, pRSTha 21-2) parantu isa sthApanA kI kisI bhI pramANa se puSTi nahIM hotii| Adhunika mAnyatA Ajakala kSatriyakuNDa ko kahA~ mAnA jAtA hai, isake lie hameM zrI mumbaI jainasvayaMsevaka maNDala rajatamahotsava smArakagrantha, samvat 2001, pRSTha 50 se paricaya prApta ho jAtA hai| vahA~ likhA hai- 'licchavADa aura kSatriyakuNDa-lakkhIsarAya jaMkazana utara kara yA to bailagAr3I se athavA moTarabasa dvArA 18 mIla dUra isa gA~va meM Ate haiN| bar3I dharmazAlA ke bIca meM zrIvIraprabhu kA manohara devAlaya hai| dharmazAlA se dakSiNa hAtha meM kSatriyakuNDa pahAr3a kI ora jAne kA rAstA par3atA hai, talahaTI 2 mIla hai| vahA~ Amane-sAmane do choTe-choTe devAlaya haiN| yahIM se parvata kI car3hAI zurU hotI hai| kaThina AdhA rAstA jAne ke bAda aura adhika kaThina patharIlA mArga AtA hai| zera, cItA kA nivAsa hone se ujAlA ho jAne ke bAda car3hanA adhika surakSita hai| sapATa maidAna ke bIca meM kile vAlA zrIvIraprabhu kA devAlaya hai| yahIM para antima tIrthaMkara (mahAvIrasvAmI) kA cavana, janma aura dIkSArUpa tIna kalyANaka hue the|" jainasiddhAntabhAskara, bhAga 10, kiraNa 2, pRSTha 60 para digambaroM kI mAnyatA isa prakAra dI hai- "nAlandA se saTA huA lagabhaga do mIla kI dUrI para eka kuNDalapura nAmaka gA~va' bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi hai| ye mAnyatAe~ kucha bhramoM para Azrita haiN| jaisA ki hama Upara nirdeza kara cuke haiM ki bhagavAn ke vizeSaNoM-videha, vaidehadatta, videhajAtya aura videhasukumAla tathA

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44 vaizAlika se yahI pratIta hotA hai ki bhagavAn kA videhAntargata vaizAlI ke sAtha bahuta kucha sambandha hai aura usake atinikaTastha sthAna meM unakI janmabhUmi honA sambhava hai| isake atirikta unake bahuzAlacaitya meM sthiti se bhI unakA isa sthAna se sambandha pratIta hotA hai aura vaizAlI meM kiye gaye bAraha varSAvAsa bhI isI kA pratipAdana karate haiN| munikalyANavijayajI ne apane pustaka zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra meM isI sthApanA kI puSTi kI hai| Apa usI pustaka kI bhUmikA meM pRSTha 27 para likhate haiM (1) bhagavAn kI dIkSA ke dUsare dina kollAkasanniveza meM pAraNA karane kA ullekha hai| jainasUtroM ke anusAra kollAka- sanniveza do the-- eka vANijyagAMva ke nikaTa aura dUsarA rAjagRha ke samIpa / yadi bhagavAn kA janma sthAna Ajakala kA kSatriyakuNDa hotA to dUsare dina kollAka meM pAraNA honA asambhava thA, kyoMki rAjagRha vAlA kollAka- sanniveza vahA~ se koI cAlIsa mIla dUra pazcima meM par3atA thA aura vANijyagrAma vAlA kollAka isase bhI bahuta dUra / isase yahI mAnanA tarkasaMgata hogA ki bhagavAn ne vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI kSatriyakuNDa ke jJAtakhaNDavana meM pravrajyA lI aura dUsare dina vANijyagrAma ke samIpavarttI kollAka meM pAraNA kiyaa| (2) kSatriyakuNDa meM dIkSA lekara bhagavAn ne karmAragrAma, kollAkasanniveza, morAkasanniveza Adi meM vihAra kara asthikagrAma meM varSA cAturmAsa bitAyA aura cAturmAsa ke bAda bhI morAka, vAcAlA, kanakakhala Azramapada aura zvevikA Adi sthAnoM meM vicarane ke uparAnta rAjagRha kI ora prayANa kiyA aura dUsarA varSAvAsa rAjagRha meM kiyA thA / ukta vihAra-varNana meM do mudde aise haiM jo Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa asalI kSatriyakuNDa nahIM hai, aisA siddha karate haiN| eka to bhagavAn prathama cAturmAsa ke bAda zvetavikA nagarI kI tarapha jAte haiM aura dUsarA yaha ki udhara se vihAra karane ke bAda Apa gaMgAnadI utarakara rAjagRha jAte haiN| zvetavikA zrAvastI se kapilavastu kI tarapha jAte samaya mArga meM par3atI thii| yaha bhUmipradeza kozala ke pUrvottara meM aura videha ke pazcima meM par3atA thA aura vahA~ se rAjagRha kI tarapha jAte samaya bIca meM gaMgA pAra karanI par3atI thI, yaha bhI nizcita hai| Adhunika kSatriyakuNDapura ke AsapAsa na to zvetavikAnagarI thI aura na udhara se rAjagRha jAte samaya gaMgA hI pAra karanI par3atI thii| isase jJAta hotA hai ki bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa jo Ajakala pUrva bihAra meM giddhaura sTeTa meM aura pUrvakAlIna prAdezika sImAnusAra aMgadeza meM par3atA hai-- nahIM hai, kintu gaMgA se uttara kI ora uttara bihAra meM kahIM thI aura vaha sthAna pUrvokta pramANoM ke anusAra vaizAlI ke nikaTavartI kSatriyakuNDa hI ho sakatA hai| zramaNa bhagavAnmahAvIra -

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bharapUra pulavAra ca MET upana Foto ba wwwpc mA jAma myAdI bharapurI udaya TA ara 1+ rAjyamana saka Prpand ka -" P vaizAlI tathA nikaTastha grAmoM kA mAnacitra vivaha Anandapura brAhimapura ka phI kI iphela cayana kuDa na udA RECE ka maravA sa

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45 (3) abhidhAnarAjendra, bhAga 6 pRSTha 1367 para likhA hai-- bahiA ya NAyasaMDe ApucchittANa nAyae svve| divase muhuttasese kambhAragAmaM smnnuptto|| barhidhA ca kuNDapurAt jJAtakhaNDa udyAne, ApRcchya jJAtakAn svajanAn; sarvAn-yathAsanihitAn, tasmAt nirgataH, karmAragrAma gamanAyeti vaakyshessH| tatra ca pthdvym| tatra ca eko jalena, aparaH sthalyAm, tatra bhagavAn sthalyAM gatavAn, gacchaMzca divase muhUrtazeSekarmAragrAmaM samanuprApta iti gaathaarthH|...... taddivasaM sAmissa chaTThapAraNayaM, tao bhagavaM viharamANe gao kollAgasaNNivese, tattha ya bhikkhaTThA paviTTho bahulamAhaNagehaM, jeNAmeva kullAesinnavese bahule maahnne| teNa mahudhayasaMjutteNa paramaNNeNa pddilaabhio| arthAt kuNDapura ke bAhara ke jJAtakhaNDa udyAna meM apane jJAtika bandhuoM se pUchakara karmAragrAma kI ora cala diye| vahA~ jAne ke do rAste the-- eka jalamArga, dUsarA sthlmaarg| bhagavAn sthala-mArga se cale aura dina samApta hone meM eka muhUrtazeSa hone para vahA~ phuNce| (rAta meM kAragrAma rahe, dUsare dina)...... kollAga meM praveza karane kA dina SaSThapAraNA (do upavAsoM kI pAraNA) kA thA, kollAgasatriveza meM jAne para bhagavAn vahA~ bhikSArtha bahula nATaka brAhmaNa ke ghara meM praviSTa hue| vahA~ bahulabrAhmaNa ne madhughRtayukta khIra se pAraNA kraayaa| kuNDapura (kSatriyakuNDa) se karmAragrAma jAne ke liye bhagavAn ko nadI pAra karanI par3atI thii| triSaSThizalAkApuruSacaritra meM likhA hai tataH pratasthe bhagavAn grAma vANijakaM prti| mArge gaNDakikAM nAma nadI nAvottatAra c|| tri0pa0 pu0ca0, dazamaparva, sarga 4, zloka 139. arthAt vaizAlI se vANijakagrAma kI ora jAne ke lie bhagavAna ne gaNDakI ko pAra kiyaa| isase pratIta hotA hai ki ye saba grAma eka dUsare nikaTa the---- vaizAlI, kuNDapura, karmAragrAma, kollAga pAsa-pAsa the| (4) vaizAlI aura vaNikagrAma nikaTastha the| vesAliM nagariM vANiyagAma ca nIsAe duvAlasa antarAvAse vAsAvAsaM uvaage|..... vaizAlyA: nagaryAH vANijyagrAmasya ca nizrayA dvAdaza caturmAsakAni vrssaavaasaarthmupaagtH| abhidhAnarAjendra, bhAga 6, pRSTha 1384. (5) abhidhAnarAjendra, bhAga 2, pRSTha 109 se 112 meM vANijyagrAma, dvipalAzacaitya aura kollAgasaniveza ko nikaTa-nikaTa batAyA hai|

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46 "teNa kAleNaM teNaM samaeNaM vANiyaggAme NAmaM Nayare hotthaa|....... vaNNao tassa NaM vANiyaggAmassa Nayarassa bahiyA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe dUyapalAse ceie|..... tassa NaM vANiyaggAmassa vahiyA uttarapuracchime disIbhAe tattha NaM kollAgae NAmaM strivesehotthaa|....... vANiyaggAme Nayare majhamajjheNaM Niggacchai 2 tA jeNeva kollAe 'sannivese jeNeva nAyakule jeNeva posahasAlA teNeva uvaagcchi|..... taM eNaM se bhagavaM goyame vANiyaggAme nagare jAva bhikSAyariya jAva aDamANo ahApajjattaM bhattapANaM saMmaM paDi2 vANi0 paDiniggacchai 2 ttA kollAyassa satrivesassa adUrasAmaMteNaM vItivayamANe bahujaNasadaM NisAmei bahujaNo aNNamaNNassa evmaaikkhi| arthAt vANijyagrAma ke bAhara uttarapUrva dvipalAzacaitya thA, usI vANijyagrAma ke uttarapUrva meM kollAgasaniveza thaa|....... vANijyagrAma nagara ke bIca meM se nikala jahA~ kollAgasanniveza hai, jahA~ jJAtakula hai, jahA~ poSadhazAlA hai, vahA~ (Ananda zrAvaka) Ayo..... - bhagavAn gautama ne bhikSA lene ke bAda vANijyagrAma se vApisa lauTate hue kollAgasaniveza ke nikaTa Apasa meM vicAra vimarza karate bahuta se logoM ko dekhaa| upasaMhAra aba hama saMkSepa meM isa pariNAma para pahu~cate haiM (1) Adhunika sthAna jise kSatriyakuNDa kahA jAtA hai aura jise licchuAr3a ke pAsa batAyA jAtA hai, muMgera jile ke antargata hai| mahAbhArata meM isa pradeza ko eka svatantra rAjya 'modagiri' ke nAma se ullekha kiyA hai, jo ki bAda meM aMgadeza se milA diyA gayA thaa| arthAt prAcIna aitihAsika yuga meM yaha sthAna videha meM na hokara aMga deza athavA modagiri-antargata thaa| isalie bhagavAn kI janmabhUmi yaha sthAna nahIM ho sktii| (2) Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa parvata para hai jaba ki prAcIna kSatriyakuNDa ke sAtha zAstroM meM parvata kA koI varNana nahIM miltaa| vaizAlI ke AsapAsa kyoMki pahAr3a nahIM haiM isalie bhI vahI sthAna bhagavAn kA janmasthAna adhika sambhava pratIta hotA hai| (3) Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa kI talahaTI meM eka nAlA bahatA hai jo ki gaNDakI nahIM hai| gaNDakI nadI Aja bhI vaizAlI ke pAsa bahatI hai| (4) zAstroM meM kSatriyakuNDa ko vaizAlI ke nikaTa batAyA hai jabaki Adhunika sthAna ke nikaTa vaizAlI nahIM hai| (5) videha deza to gaMgA ke uttara meM hai jabaki Adhunika kSatriyakuNDa gaMgA ke dakSiNa meM hai| inase yaha spaSTa hai ki bhrAMtivaza licchaAr3a ke nikaTa parvata ke Upara ke sthAna

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47 ko kSatriyakuNDa mAna liyA gayA hai| yahA~ bhagavAn kA koI bhI kalyANaka-cavana, janma aura dIkSA-nahIM huaa| zAstroM ke anusAra hamArI yaha sammati hai ki jo sthAna Ajakara basADha nAma se prasiddha hai vahI prAcIna vaizAlI hai, isI ke nikaTa kSatriyakuNDagrAma thA jahA~ bhagavAn ke tIna kalyANaka hue the|12 isI sthAna ke nikaTa Aja bhI vANiyAgA~va, kUmanachaparAgAchI aura kolhuA mauhUda haiN| Ajakala yaha kSatriyakuNDa sthAna vAsukuNDa nAma se prasiddha hai| purAtattva vibhAga bhI vAsukuNDa ko hI prAcIna kSatriyakuNDa mAnatA hai| yahA~ ke sthAnIya loga bhI yahI samajhate haiM ki bhagavAn kA janma yahIM huA thaa| sana1941 meM hamane svayaM vahA~ tIna-cAra dina rahakara basAr3ha, kUmanachaparAgAchI, kolhuA, vaNiyAgA~va aura azokastambha Adi kA nirIkSaNa kiyA thaa| nadI kA pravAha badala jAne se vANiyAgA~va, kollAga aura kAragrAma nadI ke pUrvabhAga meM A gaye haiN| sandarbha 1. pArzvanAthacaritam (zrIhemavijayagaNi viracita) meM pRSTha 90 para ise 'vRtta' rUpa meM likhA gayA hai| kyoMki prAkRta rUpa 'vaTTa' hai; usake saMskRta meM varta aura vRtta donoM rUpa banate haiN| sambhavata: isI kAraNa lekhaka ne vRtta kA prayoga kiyA hai| kAvyamImAMsA tathA bRhatsaMhitA Adi meM 'vartaka' deza kA varNana hai| isaliye hamArI sampatti meM yahA~ 'varta' rUpa hI adhika ThIka hai| 2. isI meM mallinAtha bhagavAna zrI naminAtha bhagavAna, akampita gaNadhara aura naminAma ke pratyeka buddha hue haiN| yahIM mahAvIra svAmI ne 6 caumAse kiye| The Videhas are mentioned in the Brahmana portion of the Vedas as a people in a very advanced stage of civilisation. The part of the country where they lived appears to have been known by the name of Videha even in the still more ancient times of the Samhitas, for the Yajurveda Samhitas mention the cows of Videha, which appears to have been particulary famous in ancient India. -- Tribes in Anicient India, page 235. brAhmaNa granthoMmeM videhoM ko ucca saMskRti aura sabhyatA vAlA batalAyA gayA hai| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki videha nAma saMhitAoM se bhI pahale kA hai, kyoMki yajurveda saMhitA meM videha kI gauoM kA ullekha hai, jo ki prAcIna bhArata meM vizeSa rUpa se vikhyAta pratIta hotI hai|

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48 4. 5. 6. rAisa DeviDsa ke anusAra videha kI rAjadhAnI mithilA vaizAlI se uttara pazcima meM 35 mIla para thI (dekheM, buddhisTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 26) jAtakoM ke anusAra campA se mithilA 16 yojanA dUra thii| 1. DaoN0 tribhuvanadAsa ne apanI pustaka prAcIna bhAratavarSa meM aGgadeza ko madhyadeza meM batAyA hai| isI pustaka ke bhAga prathama pRSTha 46 ke nakze ke anusAra yadi kUNiya rAjA kA mArga patA calAnA cAheMto rAjA kUNiya ko magadhadeza ke bIca meM se hokara videha jAnA par3A hogaa| Upara ke nirayAvaliyAo ke nirdezAnusAra aGga se videha jAne ke liye bIca meM koI deza nahIM pdd'taa| isaliye DaoN0 sAhaba kI sthApanA kevalamAtra kalpanA hI hai| divyAvadAna meM isakA rUpa 'licchivi' hai, parantu mahAvastu meM isI ko 'leccharI' rUpa meM likhA hai| bauddhagranthoM kA jo anuvAda cInI bhASA meM huA thA, unameM 'licchavI' aura 'lecchavI' donoM rUpa haiN| sUtrakRtAGga aura kalpasUtra Adi jainazAstroM meM isakA prAkRta rUpa 'lecchai' hai, jisakA TIkAkAroM ke anusAra saMskRta rUpa 'lecchavi' hai| kullUkabhaTTa aura rAghavAnanda Adi baMgAlI TIkAkAroM ne ise 'nicchivi' likhA hai jo ki sambhavataH prAcIna baMgalA ke 'la' aura 'na' sAdRzya se bhrAMti ho gaI pratIta hotI hai / manusaMhitA meM jaoNlI aura buhalara donoM ne licchavi pATha rakhA hai| (dekheM, TrAibsa ina enziyaNTa iNDiyA, pRSTha 294-6) / kullUkabhaTTa se medhAtithi 600 varSa pUrva aura govindarAja 300 varSa pUrva hue haiM; ina donoM ne 'licchavi' pATha diyA hai| pAiasaddamahaNNavo meM 'licchavi aura lecchai' donoM paryAyavAcI haiM aura lecchai kA saMskRta rUpa 'lecchaki' hai| licchavi aura vajlI (saM0 vRji) paryAyavAcI haiM (dekheM TrA030e0 iNDiyA, pRSTha 311) / manu ne licchaviyoM ko vrAtya likhA hai, (manusmRti, adhyAya 10, zloka 10 ) arthAt licchivi, manu ke mata se hIna kSatriya the| parantu licchavi hIna kSatriya nahIM the| manu ne unheM vrAtya isaliye likhA pratIta hotA hai kyoMki ye loga brAhmaNadharma ke anuyAyI na hokara arhatoM aura caityoM kI pUjA karate the| isakA varNana atharvaveda meM bhI milatA hai| 7. jJAta ke lie prAkRta meM nAya, nAta aura nAtha zabda prayukta hue haiN| jJAtRzabda kA bhI prayoga bahuta kama sthAnoM para hai| dekheM, bRhatkalpavRttisahita, vibhAga 3, patra 912-14 / kaniMghama kI enziyanTa jyogrAphI oNpha iNDiyA (sampAdaka zrI surendranAtha majumadAra) meM pRSTha 657 para 1 mIla ko 5.925 yA 6 lI ke lagabhaga mAnA

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hai / eka yojana meM 8 mIla gine jAte haiN| Ajakala bhI aisA hI hai / 9. 10. zramaNa bhagavAn mahAvIra nAmaka pustaka ke pRSTha pA~ca para sthiti isa prakAra batAI gaI hai - "vaizAlI ke pazcima parisara gaNDakI nadI bahatI thii| usake pazcima taTa para sthita brAhmaNakuNDapura, kSatriyakuNDapura, vANijyagrAma, karmAragrAma aura kollAkasanniveza jaise aneka ramaNIya upanagara aura zAkhApura apanI atulasamRddhi se vaizAlI kI zrIvRddhi kara rahe the|" hamArI sammati meM yaha sthiti ThIka nahIM hai| 49 85 zrI baladeva upAdhyAya ne dharma aura darzana meM pRSTha 85 para isI mAnyatA ko doharAyA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki vidvAn lekhaka bhI usI bhrAMti ke zikAra hue haiN| 11. zrI mahAvIra kathA (sampAdaka : gopAladAsa jIvAbhAI paTela) meM pRSTha 79 se ke bIca DaoN0 hArnale ke AdhAra para rAjA siddhArtha ko sAmAnya kSatriya batAte hue bhI usake rAjatva ko svIkAra kara liyA hai| (dekheM pRSTha 79 ) / isI prakAra videha, mithilA, vaizAlI aura vANijyagrAma ko eka mAna liyA hai, jisakA Upara prativAda kara diyA gayA hai evaM pRSTha 81 para 'kula' kA artha ghara kiyA hai jo ki ThIka nahIM hai| isakA artha 'gharAnA' ho sakatA hai ghara nahIM / pRSTha 289 para Ananda ko jJAtakula kA likhA gayA hai jo ki nitAnta bhrAntijanaka hai; Ananda kauTumbika thA, na ki jJAtRka / 12. isI vaizAlI meM jo kuNDagrAma hai vahI zrImahAvIrasvAmI kA janmasthAna hai| vahA~ para tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM ke nikalane se bhI yaha bAta pragaTa hai / prAcIna jainasmAraka, brahmacArI zItalaprasAda jI, pRSTha 28.

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bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna para nayA prakAza mUla Alekha- zrI ajaya kumAra sinhA anuvAdaka* * - mahendra kumAra nAhaTA jainoM ke caubIsaveM va antima tIrthaGkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jainadharma kI sudIrgha- paramparA ko aura sudRr3ha bnaayaa| apane pUrvavartI tIrthaGkaroM kI tulanA meM prAcIna jaina granthoM meM unake jIvanavRtta kA vistAra se pUrNa ullekha milatA hai| AcArAGgasUtra, jo zvetAmbara - paramparA kA sambhavataH prAcInatama Agama grantha hai, meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke eka brAhmaNI- devAnandA kI kukSi meM praveza se lekara kSatriyakuNDagrAma ke kSatriya zAsaka rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI trizalA meM garbhAntaraNa kA pUrNa ullekha upalabdha hotA hai| kalpasUtra meM bhI aisA hI varNana upalabdha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna kSatriyakuNDagrAma kI bhaugolika sthiti ke bAre meM vra matabheda hai| digambara sampradAya kuNDalapura ko unake janmasthAna ke rUpa meM pUjita karatA hai, vahIM zvetAmbara sampradAya lachavAr3a ke nikaTa janmasthAna ko unakI janmabhUmi ke rUpa meM vandanA karatA hai| kucha pAzcAtya evaM bhAratIya itihAsavid vaizAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI mAnate haiN| lekhaka, jo eka purAtattvavid hai, ne ukta sandarbhita tInoM sthAnoM - kuNDalapura, lachavAr3a evaM vaizAlI kA sarvekSaNa kiyA tAki vAstavika satya udghATita ho ske| sAhityika, bhUtatva sambandhI, bhaugolika, purAtattva, bhASAyI evaM aitihAsika sandarbhoM / pramANoM ke AdhAra para maiMne apane niSkarSa sthApita kiye haiN| sAhityika sandarbha mUlataH AcArAGgasUtra aura kalpasUtra meM surakSita haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne brAhmaNa kuNDagrAma meM nivAsa karane vAle brAhmaNa RSabhadeva kI patnI devAnandA kI kukSi meM praveza pAyA thaa| kalpasUtra ke anusAra devAnandA ne nimnalikhita caudaha vastue~ svapna meM dekhIM- hAthI, vRSabha, siMha, gajalakSmI, mAlAoM kA jor3A, candramA, sUrya, dhvajapatAkA, maMgala kalaza, padma sarovara, sAgara, deva vimAna, ratnarAzi evaM prajvalita agni / taba devarAja zakra (indra) ke mastiSka meM yaha vicAra AyA 'aisA kabhI nahIM huA hai, na aisA hotA hai ki arhat, cakravartI, baladeva yA vAsudeva bhUtakAla meM, vartamAna meM athavA bhaviSya meM kisI kSatriya kula ke alAvA anya kisI kula meM utpanna *. purAtattva vibhAga, paTanA. ** 20 agasta krAMti mArga, naI dillI. *

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51 hoM, ve ikSvAku kula ke parivAra meM athavA sirpha kSatriya kula meM janma lete haiN'| taba unhoMne zastradala ke senApati hariNegamezI ko Adeza diyA ki devAnandA kI kukSi se bhrUNa kA hastAntaraNa jJAtRvaMzIya rAjA siddhArtha kI patnI rAnI trizalA kI kukSi meM kara diyA jaaye| Adeza kA zIghra hI pAlana kiyA gyaa| AcArAGga aura kalpasUtra donoM ke anusAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kA janma caitra zuklA trayodazI jaba candramA uttarAphAlguNI nakSatra meM thA, ko huaa| mahArAja siddhArtha ne rAjaputra kA janmotsava bar3I dhUmadhAma se manAyA, jise dekhane ke liye svarga se kucha kinariyA~ samIpavartI pahAr3I para AyI thiiN| unakA nAmakaraNa huA varddhamAna- uttarottara vRddhi pAne vAlA, kyoMki parivAra ke koSa meM unake janma se hI vRddhi hone lagI thii| kahA jAtA hai ki logoM dvArA unheM zramaNa kahA jAtA thA, kyoMki ve hamezA cintanamagna rahate the tathA unheM mahAvIra bhI kahA jAtA thA, kyoMki ve ApadAoM evaM bhaya avasthA meM dRr3ha rahate the| sirpha tIsa varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne apanA rAjaprAsAda tyAga diyA aura nayAsAMdA kI vATikA meM pahu~ce, jo unake gRha nagara ke nikaTa avasthita thaa| vahA~ eka azoka vRkSa ke nIce unhoMne apane alaMkaraNa, vastrAbhUSaNa Adi sabhI bahumUlya vastue~ tyAga dI tathA pAMca bAra meM muTThi se apane keza loMca liye| isake pazcAt ve kumArasatriveza Aye tathA agale dina kollAgasaniveza phuNce| kollAga se ve maurakA pahu~ce evaM 8 mahIne pazcAt vApasa kollAga lautte| usake pazcAt unhoMne asthiyAma kA bhramaNa kiyA tathA puna: maurakA lauTa aaye| unhoMne apanA prathama varSAvAsa asthigrAma meM bitAyA, dUsarA maurakA meM tathA tIsarA campA meN| campA jAte hue ve svarNakhAlA bhI gye| apane ATha varSoM ke pada bhramaNa meM, ve lohAgalla zahara pahu~ce, jahA~ nagara rakSakoM ne unheM kArAgAra meM DAla diyaa| unake kArAgAra jAne kI sUcanA asthigrAma meM nivAsa karane vAle unake mitra uppala ko prApta huI, to turanta usane lohAgalla ke liye prasthAna kiyA evaM rAjakumAra varddhamAna ko kArAgAra se mukta krvaayaa| gyAraha varSa samApti pazcAt unhoMne campA se prasthAna kiyA tathA jambhiyagrAma pdhaare| tatpazcAt unhoMne 12 yojana (karIba 48 mIla) kA bhramaNa kiyA tathA pAvApurI phuNce| ve punaH jambhiyagrAma Aye aura RjuvAlukA nadI ke uttarI taTa para eka 'zamaka' ke kheta meM sthita eka zAla vRkSa ke nIce gahana dhyAnamagna ho gye| unhoMne rAjagRha meM 14 varSAvAsa tathA vaizAlI meM 12 varSAvAsa vyatIta kiye| sirpha 72 varSa kI Ayu meM pAvApurI meM unakA dehAvasAna huaa| zIghra hI unake dehAvasAna kA samAcAra kSatriyakuNDa taka pahu~cate hI unake agraja- mahArAja nandivarddhana turanta vahA~ pahu~ca gye| ina sAhityika tathyoM kA mUlyAMkana hameM bhUgarbhIya, bhaugolika, aitihAsika tathA bhASAyI sAkSyoM ke sandarbha meM karanA caahie| katipaya pazcimI vidvAnoM yathA vI0e0 smitha, hAnale, jaikobI, jaikI zAnTiyara Adi tathA kucha bhAratIya vidvAnoM ke0pI0 jaina, vAI0 mizrA Adi kI vaizAlI ko bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmasthalI mAnane kI dhAraNA nirmUla siddha hotI hai, kyoMki isake samIpa koI pahAr3I avasthita nahIM hai| isake alAvA

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ve vaizAlI ke nikaTa brAhmaNa kuNDagrAma, kSatriya kuNDagrAma, maurakA, mumArA, kollAga, asthigrAma, jAmbhiyagrAma, suvarNakhAlA, lohAgalla Adi nahIM iMgita kara pAye haiN| unhoMne vAsukuNDa ko kSatriya kuNDagrAma tathA kolhaA ko kollAga ke rUpa meM mAnA hai, jo galata pratIta hotA hai| pAvApurI tathA vaizAlI ke madhya kI dUrI pAvApurI aura lachavAr3a ke madhya kI dUrI se adhika hai| lachavAr3a se vyakti ghor3e para baiThakara eka dina meM pAvApurI pahu~ca sakatA hai| uparokta vidvAnoM ne lachavAr3a ke nikaTa sthita mahAnakuNDaghATa, kumAra, kollagA, asthavAna, jamuI, lohArA, maurA Adi grAmoM ko khojane kA kaSTa nahIM kiyA, jo kramaza: brAhmaNa kuNDagrAma, kSatriya kuNDagrAma, kumArA, kollAga, AtithyagrAma, jAmbhiyagrAma, lohAgalla, maurakA Adi the| ye sabhI sthAna vartamAna lachavAr3a koThI se bIsa mIla kI paridhi meM avasthita haiN| janmasthala ke nikaTa eka bhagna durga ko dekhA jA sakatA hai, jo bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pitA rAjA siddhArtha se sambandhita ho sakatA hai| yaha aneka pahAr3iyoM kI goda meM avasthita hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janma kA dUsarA vivAdita sthAna kuNDalapura bhI pahAr3iyoM se dUrI para sthita hai|ye sabhI pramANa lachavAr3a ko bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna hone kA samarthana karate haiN| aitihAsika tathya bhI isa sandarbha meM vaizAlI ke viparIta haiN| vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka ke sAta putriyAM thIM- prabhAvatI, padmAvatI, mRgAvatI, zivA, jyeSThA, sujyeSThA evaM cellaNA tathA eka bahina trizalA thii| trizalA kA vivAha kSatriyakuNDa ke rAjA siddhArtha ke sAtha huA thA, prabhAvatI kA vatsa ke rAjA udayana ke sAtha, padmAvatI kA campA ke rAjA dadhivAhana ke sAtha, mRgAvatI kA kauzAmbI ke rAjA zatAnIka ke sAtha, zivA kA ujjaina ke rAjA caNDapradyota ke sAtha, jyeSThA kA rAjA ke sAtha, cellaNA kA rAjagRha ke rAjA zreNika bimbasAra ke sAtha huaa| sujyeSThA avivAhita rahI evaM zramaNI bana gyii| ceTaka eka zaktizAlI rAjA mAne jAte the, jinakI tulanA magadha ke rAjA ajAtazatru se kI jAtI thI, jo Apasa meM eka-dUsare se sambandhita bhI the| ata: hama yaha pAte haiM ki bhagavAna mahAvIra ko uttara bhArata meM apane mausere bhAiyoM kI sahAyatA se apane siddhAntoM ke pracAra-prasAra meM lAbhadAyaka sthiti prApta thii| ye bar3e rAjasI sambandha yaha pramANita karate haiM ki kSatriyakuNDa eka mahattvapUrNa sAmrAjya thA evaM ise vaizAlI ke rAjA ceTaka ke adhInastha nahIM mAnA jA sktaa| isake alAvA rAjA ajAtazatru ne vaizAlI para gambhIra sainya AkramaNa kiyA tathA haloM (haloM kI taraha tIkSNa dhAra vAle astroM) kI sahAyatA se ise dhvaMsa kara diyaa| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki vaizAlI ke rAjya ko magadha ke samrATa ne jIta liyA thaa| yaha ghaTanA avazya hI bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvanakAla meM ghaTita huii| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke agraja rAjA nandivarddhana kA kSatriyakuNDa grAma meM bacA rahanA lachavAr3a ko unake janmasthAna ke rUpa meM svIkAra karane ko bAdhya karate haiN| aMga para pahale hI rAjA ajAtazatru ne Adhipatya sthApita kara liyA thaa| rAjA nandivarddhana kA kSatriyakuNDa grAma kA durga bahuta sudRr3ha thA, jisake kAraNa yaha magadha

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Adhipatya meM nahIM A skaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne prArambha kAla meM- mukhyata: kevalajJAna prApti ke pUrva kAla meM, aMga aura magadha sAmrAjyoM meM hI vihAra kara apane siddhAntoM kA pracAra kiyaa| unhoMne sthAnIya bolI- arddhamAgadhI meM apane siddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa tathA pracAra kiyaa| yadi ve vaizAlI se sambandhita hote to unakI bhASA vaigai hotii| yaha bhASAyI tathya bhI bhagavAna mahAvIra ke vAstavika janmasthAna ke sandhAna para rozanI DAla sakatA hai| lachavAr3a ke nikaTa kA kSetra mAgadhI kSetra ke antargata AtA hai| __purAtattva kI dRSTi se, kucha bhAratIya vidvAn vaizAlI meM huI khudAI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI kucha pratimAoM ke milane ke kAraNa isa sthAna ko unakI janmasthalI mAnate haiM, parantu vartamAna lekhaka ko lachavAr3a ke nikaTa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI anekoM utkIrNa evaM anutkIrNa prastara mUrtiyAM milI haiN| mUla garbhagRha meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI padmAsana meM zyAmavarNIya manorama prastara pratimA nizcita rUpa se 10vIM-11vIM sadI kI hai, jo vizAla AkAra kI hai, parantu aisA koI prAcIna jaina bhagnAvazeSa vaizAlI ke nikaTa prApta nahIM huaa| lachavAr3a ke nikaTa sthita mandiroM meM pUjA kI jAne vAlI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI aneka pratimAyeM 10vIM se 15vIM sadI kI haiN| isase yaha pramANita hotA hai ki yaha sthAna bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna ke rUpa meM vikhyAta thaa| yaha vizeSa rUpa se dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki paramparAe~ AsAnI se lapta nahIM hotii| yahI paramparA lachavAr3a meM dUrastha sthAnoM ke hajAroM jaina tIrtha yAtriyoM ko AkarSita karatI thii| kharataragaccha ke mahAn jaina AcArya jinaprabhasUri (14vIM sadI) ne ina sthAnoM kI yAtrA bhI kI thii| unhoMne apanI racanAoM meM varNana kiyA hai ki brAhmaNa kuNDagrAma tathA kSatriyakuNDa grAma se rAjagRha tathA pAvApurI kI dUrI bahuta adhika nahIM thii| 17vIM sadI ke jaina kavi haMsasoma ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmasthAna se kAkaMdI (nauveM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn suvidhinAtha kA janmasthAna) kI dUrI sirpha 5 kosa(10 mIla) batAyI hai| 17vIM sadI ke zvetAmbara muni saubhAgyavijaya ne kSatriyakuNDagrAma tathA brAhmaNakuNDagrAma ke pahAr3iyoM ke madhya meM hone kA ullekha kiyA hai| vibhinna jaina tIrthayAtriyoM ke ina varNanAtmaka yAtrA vRttoM kA vizeSa dhArmika mahattva hai| bahuyArI nadI ke nikaTa murzidAbAda ke rAya dhanapata siMha ne san 1863 meM eka vizAla dharmazAlA kA nirmANa bhI karavAyA thaa| niHsandeha bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vaizAlI ke licchaviyoM se nikaTa sambandha thaa| 'lachavAr3a' kA nAma bhI licchaviyoM ke kAraNa pdd'aa| aisA lagatA hai ki kucha licchavI rAjakumArI trizAlA ke sAtha isa sthAna para Aye evaM yahIM basa gye| kAlAntara meM yaha sthAna lachavAr3a ke nAma se jAnA jAne lgaa| uparokta tathyoM ke anuzIlana se yaha spaSTata: pramANita hotA hai ki lachavAr3a ke nikaTa janmasthAna hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA vAstavika janmasthala hai|

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54 *. sandarbha *. e0ke0 caTajI, e kramprihensiva hisTrI oNpha jainijma (kolakAtA, 1978). *. jI0sI0 caudharI, pAliTikala hisTrI oNpha nArdarna iNDiyA phrAma jaina sorseja, (amRtasara, 1963). Ara0 Ara0 divAkara (sampAdaka), bihAra zrU da ejeja. ena0ela0 de, jyogrAphikala DikzanarI oNpha aiMzyeNTa eNDa meDivala iNDiyA, e0epha0Ara0 hArnale (sampA0), uvaasgdsaao| eca0 jaikobI (sampA0), kalpasUtra, (landana, 1882). eca0 jaikobI (sampA0), kalpasUtra (lipajiMga, 1870). je0sI0 jaina, lAipha ina aiMzyeNTa iNDiyA aija DepikTeDa ina jaina kainansa (bambaI, 1947). *. bI0sI0 laoN, mahAvIra : hija lAipha eNDa TIciMgsa (landana, 1937). *. ema0 ela0 mehatA evaM ke0Ara0 candra, prAkRtaprAparanemsa, bhAga 2 (ahamadAbAda, 1970). vAI0 mizrA, ena arlI hisTrI oNpha vaizAlI, (banArasa, 1962). *. DI0 Ara0 pATila, di eNTikveriyansa rimensa oNpha bihAra (paTanA, 1963). I0je0 repsana (sampA0) di kaimbrija hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA, khaNDa-2 (kaimbrija, 1932). pI0sI0 rAyacaudharI, di bihAra DisTrikTa gajeTiyara, muMgera (paTanA, 1960) pI0sI0 rAyacaudharI, jainijma ina bihAra . sI0je0 zAha, jainijma ina nArtha iNDiyA (bambaI, 1932). bI0pI0 sinhA (sampA0), da kamprihensiva hisTrI oNpha bihAra, khaNDa-1 (paTanA, 1974). e0ke0 sinhA, muMgera DisTrikTa zU ejeja (paTanA, 1972) . vI0e0 smitha, arlI hisTrI oNpha iNDiyA . *. yU0 ThAkura, sTaDIja ina jainijma eNDa buddhijma ina mithilA (banArasa, 1964).

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jaina tAntrika sAdhanA meM sarasvatI (jaina prabandhoM ke vizeSa sandarbha meM) DaoN0 azoka kumAra siMha yadi tantrazAstra yA tAntrikacaryA kA mUla yA antastattva yaha mAnA jAya ki isakA lakSya bhagavAn yA ISTa ke pAsa pahu~cane kI apekSA bhagavAn yA iSTa ko hI ArAdhaka ke pAsa le AnA hai to isa artha meM tantra sAdhanA kA kSetra bahuta vyApaka ho jAtA hai aura iSTa deva yA devI ke pratyakSIkaraNa athavA unheM prasanna karane ke liye jo bhI kriyAe~ kI jAtI haiM ve saba tantra-sAdhanA kI sImA ke antargata Ate haiN| isa dRSTi se deva, deviyoM ke pratyakSIkaraNa ke nimitta kiye gaye upavAsa, vrata, stuti, nyAsa, mudrA, mantra-jApa Adi bhI moTe taura para tantra-sAdhanA meM hI samAhita haiM aura isI pariprekSya meM jaina tantra - sAdhanA ko dekhA jAnA cAhie aura nizcita rUpa se jaina - paramparA meM tAntrika sAdhanA ke tattva vidyamAna hai| mAnava kI antaHzaktiyA~ asIma aura ananta haiN| ina antaHzaktiyoM ko jAgRta karane ke liye bhAratIyoM meM prAcInakAla se hI kisI na kisI rUpa meM tantra-sAdhanA vidyamAna rahI hai| rAsana philipa ne apanI pustaka 'da ArTa oNva tantra' meM kahA hai ki tantra kevala dharma yA vizvAsa hI nahIM varan eka vizeSa prakAra kI jIvana paddhati bhI hai / nivRttimArgI zramaNa paramparA kA poSaka jaina dharma mUlataH tantra aura mantra kA virodhI thA, parantu vaidika aura bauddha tAntrika-sAdhanA ke prabhAva se jaina dharma meM bhI tantra sAdhanA kA samAveza huaa| sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina vAGmaya meM mantravAda aura vidyA ke sambandha meM paraspara virodhI avadhAraNAe~ prApta hotI haiN| eka ora caturtha jaina aGga 'samavAoM meM mantra aura vidyA- sAdhanA ko pApazruta meM samAviSTa kiyA gayA, jisakA vyavahAra jaina zramaNoM ke liye niSiddha thA, to dUsarI ora chaTheM aGga 'NAyadhammakahAo' 2 meM gaNadhara sudharmA kI, vidyA aura mantra donoM kA jJAtA kahakara, prazaMsA kI gayI hai tathA 'vizeSAvazyakabhASya' meM Arya 'khapuTa ko prazasta bhAva meM vidyAsamrAT kahA gayA hai| jaina granthoM meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai vidyA aura mantroM ke dvArA, jo jainadharma kA utkarSa kiyA jAtA hai, vaha prabhAvanA aGga kahalAtA hai, tattvajJAniyoM ko yaha karanA caahie| mithyAtva ke utkarSa ko bar3hAne vAle variSTha pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha. *.

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56 mithyAdRSTiyoM kA apakarSa karane ke liye jo cAmatkArika kriyAyeM haiM, ve bhI mahAtmAoM ko karanI caahie| yahI kAraNa hai mokSamArgAbhimukha jainadharma vyavahAra meM alaukika zaktiyoM dvArA rAjAoM, pratipakSiyoM aura janasAmAnya ko prabhAvita karane kA prayAsa huaa| jainadharma meM tantra mukhyata: mantravAda ke rUpa meM thA aura tAntrika-sAdhanA ke ghinaune AcaraNapakSa ko isameM kabhI mAnyatA nahIM milii| yahA~ mantravAda ke sAtha hI zArIrika, mAnasika aura AtmA kI zAnti tathA pavitratA ke liye vidyAzakti ko bhI mahattva diyA gyaa| jaina-paramparA meM vidvAn mantra aura vidyA ko pRthak-pRthak mAnate haiN| mantra dvArA devoM kA AhvAna kiyA jAtA hai jabaki vidyA, deviyoM kI sAdhanA se sambandhita hai, parantu vastuta: divya zaktiyoM se sambandhita donoM hI paddhatiyA~ mUlataH eka haiN| vidyAoM kA ullekha prArambhika AgamagranthoM meM hI nahIM apitu pUrva sAhitya meM bhI prApta hotA hai| paramparAgata mAnyatA hai ki teisaveM tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA kA sAhitya, jo mahAvIra se pUrvavartI hone ke kAraNa pUrvasAhitya ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai usakA dasavA~ pUrva vidyAnupravAda pUrNata: mantra aura vidyAoM se sambandhita thaa| jaina-paramparA meM vidyAoM kI kula saMkhyA 48 hajAra batAyI gayI hai| vidvAnoM ke anusAra inameM se 16 vidyAoM ko lekara AThavIM zatI I0 meM mahAvidyAoM kI saMkhyA niyata huii| inhIM mahAvidyAoM meM se kucha ko 8-9vIM zatI I0 meM 24 yakSiNiyoM meM sammilita kiyA gyaa| jainadharma meM zratavidyA ke rUpa meM sarasvatI kI ArAdhanA atyanta prAcIna hai| 'nirvANakalikA 5 meM jaina dvAdazAGgI ko zrutadevatA kA avayava aura 14 pUrva granthoM ko unakA AbhUSaNa batAyA gayA hai| sarasvatI ke cAroM hAthoM kI kalpanA bhI jainAgamoM ke dharmakathAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura karaNAnuyoga rUpa cAra anuyogoM ke AdhAra para kI gayI hai| vaidika-paramparA ke viSNudharmottarapurANa meM bhI devI sarasvatI kI bhujAoM tathA unameM dhAraNA kiye gaye upakaraNoM ke citraNa meM Rgveda, yajurveda, sAmaveda tathA atharvaveda ko devI kI cAra bhujAe~ batAyA gayA hai| ina prAcIna jaina-pAramparika mAnyatAoM ke sAtha hI jaina sAhitya se bhI sarasvatIpUjana kI prAcInatA kI puSTi hotI hai| paJcama aGga grantha vyAkhyAprajJapti (dUsarI-tIsarI zatI), zivazarmAkRta pAkSikasUtra lagabhaga pA~cavIM zatI I0, mahAnizIthasUtra, dvAdazAraNyacakravRtti (lagabhaga 675 I0), haribhadrasUrikRta paJcAzaka (lagabhaga 775 I0), saMsAra dAvAnala stotra, tathA bappabhaTTisUrikRta 'zAradAstotra' (lagabhaga 8vIM zatI I0 kA tIsarA caraNa) ke sAhityika sandarbha ukta tatha ke pramANa haiN| purAtAttvika sandarbho meM mathurA se prApta prAcInatama kuSANakAlIna (132 yA 139 I0) sarasvatI pratimA, sarasvatI ArAdhanA ke prAcInakAla se pracalana ko siddha karatI hai| jainamandiroM, vizeSata: pazcima bhArata ke mandiroM

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57 para, sarasvatI ke anekazaH nirUpaNa se bhI sarasvatI pUjana kI lokapriyatA siddha hotI hai| zvetAmbara - paramparA meM jJAnapaJcamI aura digambara - paramparA meM zrutapaJcamI kA Ayojana bhI sarasvatI kI lokapriyatA kA hI sAkSI hai| jahA~ taka digambara aura zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatI pUjana kI lokapriyatA kA prazna hai, zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatIpUjana adhika lokapriya thaa| sambhavataH yahI kAraNa hai ki bAdAmI, aihola evam elorA jaise digambara jainasthaloM para sarasvatI kI mUrtiyA~ nahIM bniiN| jaina - paramparA meM pUrva madhyakAla meM zvetAmbara sampradAya meM sarasvatI kI sAdhanA zakti ke rUpa meM bhI kI gayI, jisameM kAlAntara meM tantra kA bhI praveza huA / pUrvamadhyakAlIna prabandhoM meM sarasvatI kI mAntrika evaM tAntrika sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa vibhinna zaktiyA~ prApta karane ke bahuta se dRSTAnta haiN| sarasvatI kI mAntrika evaM tAntrika sAdhanAoM se asAdhAraNa kavi aura vAdI banane ke sAtha hI anya prakAra kI vidyAzaktiyA~ prApta hotI thiiN| jaina - paramparA meM sarasvatI siddhi ke liye mantragarbhita stotroM, mantroM evaM yantroM kI racanA ke sAtha-sAtha vyavasthita anuSThAna vidhi kA pracalana ho cukA thA / madhyayugIna jaina sAhitya meM AcArya vRddhavAdI, bappabhaTTisUri, mallavAdI sUri, hemacandra, malliSeNa, naracandrasUri Adi jaina AcAryoM dvArA sarasvatI kA sAkSAtkAra karane tathA unase zakti prApta karane kA ullekha hai| ye vRttAnta nemicandrasUrikRta AkhyAnakamaNikoza, prabhAcandrakRta prabhAvakacarita ( 1250 I0), merutuGgakRta prabandhacintAmaNi (1305 I0), rAjazekharasUrikRta prabandhakoza (1348 I0), purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha (ajJAta kartRka), jinamaNDanakRta kumArapAlacarita Adi meM upalabdha haiN| ina prabandhoM meM sarasvatI ArAdhanA kA lakSya, alaukika kavitva zakti prApta karanA, pratidvandvI vAdI ko parAjita karanA Adi thaa| ina prabandhoM se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki kazmIra ko brAhmadeza kahA jAtA thA aura mAnyatA thI ki sarasvatI yahA~ sazarIra nivAsa karatI thI aura AhavAna karane para mAnavI rUpa meM upasthita hokara anugraha karatI thiiN| jainAcArya sarasvatI kI kRpA prApta karane tathA apanI kRtiyoM ko sarasvatI se svIkAra karAne hetu kazmIra yAtrA karate the|" ullekhanIya hai ki vaidika sAhitya meM varNita sarasvatI ArAdhanA ke prayojana jaise rakSA, samRddhi, dhana-prApti, santAna prApti, zArIrika bAdhA nAza, vyAdhinAza, kRmi - kIToM kA nAza, viSa- zamana Adi kA jaina - paramparA meM sarvathA abhAva hai| prabandha grantha prabhAvakacarita aura prabandhakoza meM eka kathA vRddhavAdI sUri (lagabhaga cauthI zatI I0) se sambandhita hai, jinhoMne ikkIsa dinoM ke upavAsa dvArA jinAlaya meM sarasvatI kA AhavAna kiyA thaa| unakI kaThina ArAdhanA se prasanna hokara sarasvatI sabhI vidyAoM (sarvavidyAsiddha) meM pAraGgata hone kA varadAna diyA thaa| sarasvatI ke

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58 varadAna ke bAda vRddhavAdI ne mAntrika zakti dvArA mUsala para puSpoM kI varSA kA sArvajanika pradarzana kiyaa| prabhAvakacarita aura prabandhakoza ke anusAra hI gopagiri ke zAsaka AmarAja ke darabAra ke bauddhavAdI vardhanakuJjara ko parAjita karane ke liye jaina AcArya bappabhaTTasUri ne sarasvatI kA AhavAna kara pratyakSa kiyA thA / vivaraNa ke anusAra cha: mAsa taka vAda kA nirNaya na hone para vijaya ke liye bappabhaTTi ne gurupradatta mantra se sarasvatI kA AhavAna kiyaa| mantra zakti se antarikSa gaGgA meM nirvastra snAna kara rahI sarasvatI vastra dhAraNa karanA bhUlakara bappabhaTTi ke samakSa nagna hI avatarita ho gyiiN| bappabhaTTi ne devI kI stuti meM 14 zlokoM ke stotroM kI racanA kI / stuti se prasanna devI ne vAda meM vijaya kA mArga batAyA / adRzya hone se pUrva sarasvatI ne bappabhaTTi ko Adeza diyA ki vaha ina 14 stotroM ko dUsare kisI ke samakSa na hI pATha kare, na hI likhita rUpa meM deM, kyoMki ye stotra itane zaktizAlI haiM ki unheM sAdhaka ke samakSa bAra-bAra upasthita honA pdd'egaa| purAtanaprabandhasaMgraha ke anusAra vibhinna matAvalambI apane-apane darzana kI zreSThatA ke sambandha meM hue vivAda ke nirNaya ke liye rAjA bhoja ke pAsa gye| bhoja ke AhavAna para prakaTa hokara devI ne arhatadharma (jainadharma) ke AcaraNa kA nirNaya diyaa| vaidika paramparA ke 'anusAra bhI zvetaketu RSi dvArA mAnavIrUpa meM sarasvatI kA darzana karane kA ullekha vanaparva meM prApta hotA hai| eka anya vivaraNa ke anusAra antarikSa meM vicaraNa karatI huI sarasvatI bauddhoM ke sAtha vAda meM saMlagna jaina AcArya mallavAdI ke kaNTha meM praviSTa ho gayI thiiN| phalasvarUpa mallvAdI vAda meM vijayI hue / mallavAdI kI vilakSaNa smaraNazakti se prasanna ho devI ne eka zloka par3hane se hI sampUrNa zAstra kA artha samajhane kA varadAna diyaa| jaina prabandhoM ke anusAra devI sarasvatI ne mallavAdI ko nyAyagrantha 'nayacakra' pradAna kiyaa| mallavAdI prasaGga meM varNita sarasvatI kA antarikSa vicaraNa aura kaNThapraveza vaidika sAhitya' meM bhI ullikhita hai| sarasvatI apane vAhana haMsa para antarikSa meM vicaraNa karatI haiN| mahAbhArata ke zAntiparva meM yAjJavalkya kahate haiM ki unhoMne eka bAra yajurveda sIkhane ke liye tapasyA kI thI, jisake phalasvarUpa sUrya prakaTa hue aura unakA abhiprAya jAnakara bole ki tuma apanA mukha kholo vAgdevI sarasvatI tumhAre kaNTha meM praveza kregii| RSi ne vaisA hI kiyA aura sarasvatI unake kaNTha meM praviSTa ho gyiiN| hemacandrasUri (12vIM zatI I0) bhI anya cAmatkArika zaktiyoM ke sAtha hI sArasvata zakti sampanna the| prabhAvakacarita" ke anusAra caulukyarAja jayasiMha ne hemacandra se ujjaina ke paramArazAsaka bhoja ke vyAkaraNa ke samAna hI eka vyAkaraNa grantha kI racanA kA nivedana kiyA thaa| isI prasaGga meM stuti se prasanna hokara pratyakSa sarasvatI ne

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59 pUrvaracita vyAkaraNa granthoM ko sandarbha heta hemacandra ko upalabdha karAne kI AjJA dii| hemacandra kA vyAkaraNa grantha pUrNa hone para sarasvatI ne apane kazmIra sthita mandira ke pustakAlaya ke liye svIkAra bhI kiyA thaa| prabandhakoza meM ullekha hai ki eka bAra hemacandra ne caulukya kumArapAla kA pUrvabhava jAnane ke liye sarasvatI nadI ke kinAre sarasvatI devI kA AhavAna kiyaa| tIna dinoM ke dhyAna ke pazcAt sarasvatI (vidyA devI) svayam upasthita huI aura unhoMne hemacandra ko kumArapAla ke pUrvabhavoM ke bAre meM btaayaa| 'bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa' evaM 'bhAratIkalpa' ke racanAkAra malliSeNasUri (11vIM zatI) bhI sArasvata zakti sampanna the| 'vasantavilAsa' ke racanAkAra siddhasArasvata bAlacandrasUri (lagabhaga prArambhika 13vIM zatI) ne bhI saphalatApUrvaka sarasvatI kI mAntrika sAdhanA kI thii| prabandhakoza' ke 'hariharaprabandha' meM bhI sArasvata zakti se sambandhita eka kathA milatI hai| vastapAla ke darabAra meM gaur3akavi harihara ne gujarAta ke kavi somezvara ko apamAnita kiyA thaa| somezvara ne 108 zlokoM kI racanA kI aura use vastupAla aura harihara ko sunaayaa| stotra sunakara harihara ne kahA ki yaha mUla racanA na hokara bhojadeva kI racanA kI anukRti hai aura harihara ne sampUrNa stotra ko hI duharA diyaa| bAda meM harihara ne vastupAla ko yaha batAyA ki sArasvata mantra kI sAdhanA ke phalasvarUpa prApta apUrva smaraNa zakti ke kAraNa hI ve 108 zlokoM, SaTpada kAvya tathA anya aneka bAtoM ko kevala eka bAra sunakara hI yAda rakhane meM sakSama the| isI kAraNa ve somezvara ke 108 zlokoM kI tatkAla punarAvRtti kara sake the| jaina-paramparA meM tAntrika zailI meM sarasvatI-ArAdhanA ke bahuta se ullekha prApta hote haiN| sarasvatI kI sAdhanA ke liye bahuta se stotroM aura mantroM kI racanA kI gyii| inameM prApta sarasvatI ke svarUpa, vAhana aura AyudhoM se sambandhita vivaraNoM meM bhinnatA hai| sarasvatI, kahIM do, cAra yA usase adhika bhujAoM sahita citrita hai aura vividha AyadhoM se yukta batAyI gayI haiN| zvetAmbara-paramparA devI ko haMsavAhinI mAnatI hai jabaki digambara-paramparA meM ve mayUravAhinI haiN| sarasvatI sambandhI stotroM evaM dhyAna mantroM evaM anya vivaraNoM Adi kA avalokana karane para eka mahattvapUrNa tathya yaha jJAta hotA hai ki inameM sarasvatI kI utpatti kA koI ullekha nahIM hai| isake viparIta vaidika sAhitya vizeSata: purANoM meM sarasvatI kI utpatti sambandhI kaI kathAnaka prApta hote hai| kucha purANa sarasvatI ko mUla prakRti kA hI eka rUpa batAte haiM, kahIM vaha zrIkRSNa kI zakti kI jihvA se utpanna batAyI jAtI hai| vAyupurANa ke anusAra brahmA ke hI zarIra se mahAnAda karatI huI vizvarUpA sarasvatI prakaTa huI mAnI gayI hai aura matsyapurANa ke AdhAra para sarasvatI brahmA ke zarIra se utpanna huI unakI putrI batAyI jAtI hai|12

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sarasvatI ArAdhanA se sambandhita stotroM evaM mantroM kI racanA kA jahA~ taka prazna hai, sarvaprathama bappabhaTTisUri ke 'zAradAstotra' evaM 'siddhasArasvatIstava' prApta hote hai| inake atirikta malliSeNakRta sarasvatImantrakalpa, hemacandrakRta 'siddhasArasvatastava', jinaprabhasUrikRta 'zAradAstavanam', muktivimalagaNikRta 'sarasvatIstotram' Adi lagabhaga 30 se adhika totra prApta hote haiN| ina tAntrika stotroM meM zAntika, pauSTika, stambhana, mAraNa, uccATana jaisI tAntrika sAdhanAoM kA pracura ullekha hai|13 jaina-paramparA meM sarasvatI se sambandhita mantra bhI adhika saMkhyA meM prApta hote haiN| bhadrabAhusvAmI, AcArya bappabhaTTisUri, hemacandra, malliSeNa, somatilaka, abhayadeva, jinaprabhasUri, sarvadevagaNi aura devabhadrasUri racita sarasvatI mantroM sahita lagabhaga 80 mantra upalabdha hote hai| ina mantroM ke jApa kI vidhi, mantra-jApa saMkhyA tathA mantra ke phala ke viSaya meM AcAryoM ne prasaGgavaza ullekha kiyA hai|4 jaina stotroM meM sarasvatI kI sAdhanA ke liye vibhinna cAmatkArika yantroM ke nirmANa se sambandhita vistRta ullekha prApta hote hai| bappabhaTTi aura malliSeNa ne sarasvatI-yantrapUjA vidhi meM aSTa, dvAdaza, SoDaza, cauMsaTha, 108 tathA eka hajAra paMkhur3iyoM vAle padma para banAye jAne vAle yantroM, homakuNDa meM sampanna vibhinna tAntrika niyAoM evaM dasa hajAra, bAraha hajAra, eka lAkha tathA isase bhI adhika bAra sarasvatI mantroM ke jApa kI vidhi batAyI hai| 'sarasvatIkalpa' meM ina tAntrika sAdhanAoM ko 'siddhasArasvatabIja' kahA gayA hai| ullekhanIya hai ki naiSadhakAra zrIharSa ne bhI 'mantrayukta sArasvata cintAmaNi yantra' nirmita kiyA thaa|15 jJAtavya hai ki sarasvatI ke bhayaMkara svarUpoM vAle sAdhanA mantroM kI bhIra racanA haI hai| bhAratIkalpa, arhaddAsakRta 'sarasvatIkalpa', zubhacandrakRta 'sArasvatamantrapUjA' (lagabhaga 10vIM zatI I0) evaM ekasandhikRta 'jinasaMhitA' meM trinetra evaM ardhacandra se yukta jaTAdhArI sarasvatI ko bhayaMkara svarUpA aura huMkAranAda karane vAlI batAyA gayA hai| kucha jaina granthoM meM sarasvatI ke karoM meM aMkuza aura pAza kA ullekha bhI unake zaktisvarUpa ko hI prakaTa karatA hai| jaina stotroM meM sarasvatI ke tAntrika svarUpa ko prakaTa karane vAle vibhinna nAma bhI prApta hote haiM jaise-kAlI, kAmAkSI, kapAlinI, kaulI, raudrI, khaGginI, kAmarUpiNI, tripurasundarI, jambhinI, stambhinI, zUlinI, huMkArA, cAmuNDA, bhairavI aadi| vidyAnuzAsana (lagabhaga 15vIM zatI) meM bhayaMkara darzanA trinetra vAgIzvarI ko tIkSNa aura lambe dA~toM tathA bAhara nikalI huI jihvA vAlI batAyA gayA hai|16 jainadharma meM devI ke bhayAnaka svarUpa vAle vAmAcAra sAdhanA ke bhI spaSTa sandarbha haiN| inameM strImohana tathA kAma icchA pUrti se sambandhita mantra vizeSata: ullekhanIya haiN|

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61 navAkSarI vidyA kI tantrasAdhanA 'subhagAyonA' kI upasthiti meM sampanna hotI thiiN| vAmAcAra sAdhanA ko pratipAdita karane vAle 'bhAratIkalpa' meM sundara striyoM aura devAMganAoM ko sammohita karane vAle tathA zatruoM ko akAlamRtyu dene aura pretAlaya bhejane se sambandhita yantroM tathA mantroM kA bhI varNana huA hai| uccATana mantroM meM phaT, baSaT aura svAhA jaisI tAntrika abhivyaktiyoM kA prayoga hotA thA / ye sAdhanAe~ zmazAna jaise sthaloM para kI jAtI thiiN| ina sAdhanAoM se sambandhita mantroccAra sunane meM bhayAvaha hote the| inameM devI ke pAza, aMkuza aura bANa jaise AyudhoM se yukta bhayaMkara svarUpa kA dhyAna kiyA gayA hai| granthoM meM sarasvatI mantra siddhi ke samaya Ane vAlI vibhinna bAdhAoM ko dUra karane vAle surakSA mantroM ke bhI ullekha hai| jahA~ taka jaina sarasvatI ke pratimAoM meM tantra ke prabhAva kA prazna hai to nizcita rUpa se tantra kA prabhAva atyalpa rahA hai| jaina paramparA kI mUrtiyoM meM sarvadA sarasvatI kA anugrahakArI zAntasvarUpa hI pradarzita huA hai| kevala kucha hI udAharaNoM meM vidyA, saMgIta aura anya lalitakalAoM kI devI sarasvatI ke sAtha zakti ke bhAva vAle lakSaNa prApta hote haiN| kucha tAntrika sandarbha : 2. 1. samavAo, saM0 yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanUMM 1984. jJAtAdharmakathA 1/4, saM0 madhukara muni, jainAgama prakAzana samiti, vyAvara, 1981. 3. 5. 4. devendramuni zAstrI, jaina Agama sAhitya- manana aura mImAMsA, udayapura, pRSTha. nirvANakalikA, pRSTha 17, draSTavya zAha, yU0pI0 'AikanogrAphI oNpha jaina gArDasa sarasvatI', jarnala Ava yUnivarsiTI Ava bAmbe, khaNDa 10, mumbaI, 1941, pRSTha 196. 6. 7. 8. vizeSAvazyaka bhASya gAthA 3589, sampA0 paM0 dalasukha mAlavaNiyA, ela0DI0 sirIja 21, ahamadAbAda, 1968. 9. zAha, yU0pI0, pUrvanirdiSTa, pRSTha 196. azoka kumAra siMha, rAjazekhara sUrikRta prabandhakoza kA AlocanAtmaka adhyayana, (zodhaprabandha), pRSTha 264-265. vRddhavAdi, siddhasena prabandha, prabandhakoza, rAjazekhara siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA 1940, pRSTha 13-15. suzIlA khare, prAcIna bhAratIya saMskRti meM sarasvatI, kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI - 5, 1966, pRSTha 26.

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10. prabhAvakacarita, AcArya prabhAcandra, siMghI jaina granthamAlA, kalakattA 1940, pRSTha 215. 11. prabandhakoza, pUrvokta, pRSTha 47. 12. suzIlA khare, pUrvokta, pRSTha 27 va 33. 13. mArutinandana tivArI evaM kamalagiri, jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, pA0vi0, vArANasI-5, 1991, pRSTha 163-64. 14. muni kulacandra vijaya, siddha sarasvatI sindhu, zaMkhezvara pArzvanAtha jaina mandira, sUrata 1994, pRSTha 113-131. 15. draSTavya, jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, pRSTha 164-165. 16. vahI, pRSTha 164. siddhasArasvata sindhu; pUrvokta, pRSTha 132-134. jaina vidyA ke vividha AyAma, pUrvokta, pRSTha 165.

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jaina dharma ke caturvidha saMghoM kA pArasparika sahadAyitva DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha dhArmika vikAsa ke itihAsa meM saMgha kA eka viziSTa mahattva hai| suvyavasthita rUpa se dharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM yaha apanI mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA kA nirvahana karatA hai| jaina saMgha bhI isakA apavAda nahIM thaa| prathama tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ke kAla se hI saMgha ke astitva kI sUcanA milatI hai; tathApi aisA pratIta hotA hai ki saMgha kI avadhAraNA bAda meM vikasita huii| jainadharma ke prAcInatama grantha AcArAGga evaM bAda ke dazavaikAlika Adi AcAragata granthoM meM "bhikkhu vA bhikkhuNI" athavA "niggaMTha vA niggaMThI vA" kA prayoga hI prAyaH huA hai| isase hameM bhikSu bhikSuNiyoM ke samudAya kA hI saMketa prApta hotA hai jinako niyama - pAlana kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| saMgha zabda kA ullekha sthAnAGga, samavAyAGga, bhagavatI, jJAtAdharmakathA evaM prakIrNakoM meM huA hai, parantu isase saMgha kA kyA abhipret hai, spaSTa nahIM hai| bhagavatI meM caturvidha tIrtha kA ullekha hai, sambhavataH caturvidha saMgha ke sambandha meM sabase prAcIna saMketa hameM yahIM prApta hotA hai| digambara- paramparA ke granthoM sarvArthasiddhi, rAjavArtika evaM bhagavatI ArAdhanA Adi meM saMgha kA sandarbha aneka bAra AyA hai| bhagavatI ArAdhanA meM guNa-samUha kA nAma saMgha batAyA gayA hai- saMgho gunnsNghaao|' isI prakAra tattvArthavArtika meM darzana, jJAna aura cAritra meM jo saMghAta ko prApta hai, use saMgha kahA gayA hai- "daMsaNaNANa carite saMghAyato have saMgho" / 2 darzana, jJAna aura cAritra - ina tInoM ratnoM se yukta muni samUha kA nAma saMgha batAyA gayA hai| jainadharma kI do mukhya dhArA - zvetAmbara evaM digambara -- ke atirikta eka tIsarI dhArA yApanIya ke nAma se prakhyAta huii| isameM bhI hameM kAlAntara meM vikasita hue gaNoM evaM anvayoM kI sUcanA milatI hai, parantu prArambhika srotoM meM kevala saMgha zabda hI prApta hotA hai| sabase prAcIna srota kadambavaMza ke nareza rativarmA kA halsI abhilekha hai jisameM '"yApanIya saMghebhyaH" ullikhita hai|' isa bahuvacanAtmaka prayoga se yaha siddha hai ki isa sampradAya ke antargata bhI kucha gaNa yA anvaya the (jaisAki kAlAntara ke abhilekhoM se sUcita bhI hotA hai)| saMgha spaSTata: eka amUrta rASTrIya ikAI parilakSita hotI hai jisameM aneka gaNoM, gacchoM evaM kAlAntara meM vikasita hue vibhinna zAkhAoM evaM kuloM kA samAveza thaa| yahA~ hamArA tAtparya bhikSu bhikSuNI evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikA ke usa samaveta saMgha se hai jise sAmAnya zabdAvalI meM caturvidha saMgha kahA gyaa| prastuta lekha kA uddezya inhIM pravaktA, itihAsa vibhAga, zrI bajaraMga mahAvidyAlaya, dAdara Azrama, baliyA. *.

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64 caturvidha saMghoM ke madhya vikasita hue pArasparika sahadAyitva kI ujjvala bhAvanA ko ujAgara karanA hai| jainadharma ke vikAsa meM saMghoM ke pArasparika sambandha evaM unake uttaradAyitvapUrNa karttavya atyanta mahattvapUrNa rahe haiN| pArasparika sauhArdapUrNa vAtAvaraNa meM hI koI dharma pallavita evaM puSpita ho sakatA hai| nizcita hI jainadharma meM bhikSu-saMgha kA bhikSuNI-saMgha ke sAtha tathA zramaNa saMgha (bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI) kA zrAvaka saMgha (zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA) ke sAtha atyanta madhura sambandha vikasita huaa| isI pArasparika sahabhAgitA kA yaha pariNAma thA ki aneka viparIta paristhitiyoM meM bhI jainadharma kI mUladhArA koI mUlabhUta parivartana kiye binA avirala bahatI rhii| sAmUhika rUpa se saMghoM ke pArasparika sambandhoM para vicAra karane ke pUrva hameM zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ke vyaktigata guNoM kA jJAna prApta kara lenA Avazyaka hai| vyaktiyoM ke samUha se hI saMgha banatA hai aura saMgha meM kisa prakAra ke vyakti-- puruSa yA strI kA praveza svIkRta thA, isakI carcA anupayukta nahIM hogii| saMgha meM praveza ke icchuka vyakti ko apane mAtA-pitA, anya pArivArika sadasyoM athavA agraja kI anumati Avazyaka thii| use roga-vyAdhi, vyaktigata athavA rAjakIya RNa yA karja se mukta honA cAhie tAki saMgha-praveza ke bAda koI vivAda na khar3A ho ske| kisI bhI avasthA meM koI napuMsaka kSita na ho jAye- isakA vizeSa dhyAna rakhA jAtA thA, kyoMki yaha mAnA gayA thA ki isameM puruSa evaM strI- donoM ke veda hote haiM aura samayAnusAra yaha donoM ko dUSita kara sakatA hai| jaina AcAryoM dvArA saMgha praveza ke samaya kitanI kar3I parIkSA lI jAtI thI- napuMsakoM ke kitane bheda-prabhedoM ko vyAkhyAyita kiyA gayA, par3ha kara Azcarya hotA hai| eka machalI sAre tAlAba ko gandA kara detI hai arthAt eka vyakti kI acchAiyoM evaM burAiyoM se sampUrNa saMgha prabhAvita ho sakatA thA- isakA pUrNa jJAna jaina AcAryoM ko thaa| vyaktigata guNoM evaM AdarzoM ko vizeSa pallavita kiyA jAtA thaa| muni sthUlibhadra evaM zrAvaka Ananda ke vyaktigata guNa Aja bhI samAdRta evaM preraNAdAyI haiN| jainadharma kI yaha vizeSatA rahI hai ki usake matAvalambiyoM kI saMkhyA kama to rahI, parantu jJAna evaM AcaraNa meM vaha sarvazreSTha thii| jaina-paramparA kA eka Adarza zramaNa (bhikSu athavA bhikSuNI) kauna ho sakatA thAisakI vistRta carcA uttarAdhyayana evaM dazavaikAlika meM varNita hai| eka Adarza bhikSu vaha mAnA gayA jo samyaka darzana, jJAna evaM cAritra se yukta ho, indriyoM ko saMyata rakhane meM samartha ho, sarala vRtti kA ho, zAstrajJa evaM buddhimAna ho| jo mana-vacana-kAyA ko vaza meM rakhatA ho, alpAhArI, parigraha tyAgI tathA mitra evaM zatru se rahita ho- vaha saccA zramaNa mAnA gyaa| vastutaH samatva bhAva kI sAdhanA ke kAraNa hI zramaNa, zramaNa

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kahalAtA hai| jaina vicAraNA ke anusAra sAdhanA ke do pakSa haiM- Antarika aura baahy| zramaNa jIvana Antarika sAdhanA kI dRSTi se samatva kI sAdhanA hai, rAga-dveSa kI vRttiyoM se Upara uThanA hai|"5 uttarAdhyayanasatra meM spaSTa kahA gayA hai ki maNDita hone se koI zramaNa nahIM banatA, varan jo samatva kI sAdhanA karatA hai, vahI zramaNa hotA hai| isI prakAra Adarza zrAvaka kI bhI kalpanA kI gayI, jo ucca guNoM se yukta ho| jaina-paramparA meM zrAvaka kA artha prAkRta 'sAvaya' se liyA gayA hai jisakA tAtparya bAlaka yA zizu se hai; arthAt sAdhanA ke kSetra meM abhI jo bAlaka hai, use hI zrAvaka kahA gayA hai| zrAvaka zabda meM prayukta tInoM akSaroM kI vivecanA meM batAyA gayA hai ki zra zraddhA, va viveka, ka kriyA arthAt jo zraddhApUrvaka vivekayukta AcaraNa karatA hai, vaha zrAvaka hai| upAsakadazAGga meM Ananda Adi jina zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAoM kA caritra varNita hai, ve hI jaina-paramparA ke Adarza zrAvaka mAne gye| apane vikAsa ke prArambhika kAla se hI zrAvaka saMgha kA zramaNa saMgha ke sAtha eka AtmIyapUrNa bhAvanAtmaka sambandha vikasita haa| pratyeka zrAvaka bhikSa-bhikSaNI kI sevA-suzruSA evaM Adara-sammAna ke liye sarvadA tatpara rahatA thaa| bhikSa yA bhikSaNI ke upasthita hone para pratyeka zrAvaka zraddhA evaM sammAna ke sAtha abhivAdana karatA thaa| jJAtAdharmakathA meM cokkhA parivrAjikA ke Ane para rAjA dvArA sammAna karane kA ullekha hai| isI prakAra upAsakadazAGga meM zreSThi Ananda rugNAvasthA meM bhI gaNadhara gautama kA abhivAdana karatA hai| zrAvakoM ne dharma ke upadezakoM ke prati yathocita sammAna pradarzita kiyaa| zramaNa varga bhI isa Adara-sammAna ke pratyuttara meM unheM AdhyAtmika evaM bhautika pragati ke liye AzIrvAda detA thaa| paraspara sammAna kI bhAvanA ne eka dUsare ko prema ke dhAge meM bA~dhe rakhA aura samAna lakSya kI prApti ke liye prerita kiyaa| zrAvaka varga kA eka pramukha kArya zramaNa varga ko bhojana evaM vastrAdi kI cintAoM se mukta karanA thaa| zrAvaka varga ke isa sahayoga kA hI pariNAma thA ki zramaNa varga apanA prAya: sampUrNa samaya AdhyAtmika cintana meM vyatIta kara skaa| jaina AcAryoM kI ati vizAla jJAna dharohara isakA pratyakSa pramANa hai| mAnava jIvana ke sabhI vyApAroM kA unhoMne gahana adhyayana kiyA aura usako sundara DhaMga se prastuta bhI kiyaa| atithi, cAhe vaha bhikSu ho yA gRhastha, bhAratavarSa meM sadaiva pUjya mAnA gayA aura jainadharma meM to "atithisaMvibhAga" gRhastha ke sarvAdhika pavitra kartavyoM meM se eka thaa| cU~ki gRhastha bhikSa-bhikSaNiyoM ke bhojana-auSadhi evaM bhautika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karate the, ata: unheM zramaNa-varga kA "mAtA-pitA'' taka kahA gyaa| yaha avazya hai ki saMgha kI ora se zramaNa varga ko yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki ve gRhasthoM ke Upara bhAra na bneN| zramaNa ke bhikSAvRtti kI tulanA bhramara se kI gayI

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66 hai| jisa prakAra bhramara phUloM ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na detA huA usake rasa ko grahaNa kara apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara letA hai usI prakAra bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko gRhasthoM ko kisI prakAra kI pIr3A na dete hue unake dvArA banAye gaye bhojana meM se apanI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kara lene kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa| bhikSu-bhikSuNI gRhastha dvArA prastuta AhAra evaM pAna kI nindA nahIM kara sakate the, unheM samabhAva se grahaNa karane kA nirdeza diyA gayA thaa|11 sAtha hI, zramaNa varga ko yaha bhI anuzAsita kiyA gayA thA ki svAdiSTa bhojana kI lAlaca meM ve kisI sampanna evaM samRddha ghara meM na jAyeM, apitu unheM salAha dI gayI thI ki ve dhanI-nirdhana sabhI gharoM se thor3A-thor3A bhojana grahaNa kreN|" ___ bhikSA kI isa pravRtti ne zramaNa evaM zrAvaka varga ke sambandha ko madhura banAne meM setu kA kAma kiyaa| jahA~ zrAvaka varga munijanoM ko sevA evaM AhAra pradAna kara apane dAyitva kA nirvahana karatA thA vahA~ muni varga bhI samAja ke isa avadAna kA dharma evaM darzana meM cintana kara usakA sundara pratyuttara detA thaa| zrAvaka evaM zramaNa kI isa paraspara sahabhAgitA ne eka dUsare ko samparka meM banAye rakhA tathA eka dUsare ke sukha-duHkha kA bhAgI bnaayaa| jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM bhI zrAvaka varga zramaNa-varga ke sAtha hI paraspara kA sahabhAgI rahA hai| caturvidha saMgha meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI saMkhyA sarvadA bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM saMkhyA se jyAdA rahI hai| kalpasUtra meM pratyeka tIrthaGkaroM ke samaya ke bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM kI jo saMkhyA dI gayI hai usase uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| isa zrAvaka-saMgha meM rAjA-raMka, dhanI-nirdhana, mantrI-sevaka sabhI the| isa saMgha meM rAjA-mantrI ke sAtha hI sAmAnya janoM kA adbhuta mizraNa thaa| hameM jo Abhilekhika sUcanA prApta hotI hai usase kucha mahattvapUrNa niSkarSa prakAza meM Ate haiN| kama se kama caturtha zatAbdI IsA pUrva se hameM zrAvakoM kI jAnakArI abhilekhoM se milanI prArambha ho jAtI hai| magadha samrAT nanda svayaM jaina dharmAvalambI pratIta hote haiM aura unake kAla meM jainadharma kaliMga taka pahu~ca cukA thA- isakI puSTi khAravela ke hAthIgumphA abhilekha se hotI hai| isI abhilekha se hameM durgharSa khAravela ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai tathA jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM unake dvArA kRta kAryoM kI sUcanA milatI hai|13 yadi hama bauddha siMhalI grantha mahAvaMsa kI aitihAsikatA para vizvAsa kareM to samrATa azoka ke pUrva hI jainadharma bhArata kI sImAoM ko lA~ghakara zrIlaMkA pahu~ca cukA thaa| isa mahAabhiyAna meM na kevala rAjAoM evaM mantriyoM ne apanI bhUmikA nibhAyI, apitu sAmAnyajana kI bhUmikA kahIM adhika mahattvapUrNa parilakSita hotI hai| yadi hama kevala kuSANakAlIna mathurA ke abhilekhoM kA adhyayana kareM to uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| yahA~ se prApta abhilekhoM meM luhAra, itra becane vAle, raMgakarmI, sunAra, bar3haI, carmakAra, nRtaka, grAma pramukha Adi kA nAma pracuratA se prApta hotA hai| AzcaryajanakarUpa se ina abhilekhoM meM kaI gaNikAoM kA

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ullekha huA hai jinhoMne AyAgapaTTa, arhat mandira, stambha Adi nirmita karavAkara caturvidha saMgha ko dAna diyA thaa|35 spaSTa hai, jainadharma ko prasiddha karane, isake pracAra-prasAra meM zrAvakoM kI bhUmikA atyanta hI sarAhanIya rhii| zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne zramaNa varga ke sundara-sarala upadezoM ko apane jIvana meM Acarita kara usako prabhAvI banAne kA prayAsa kiyaa| caturvidha saMgha meM zramaNa saMgha ko eka vizeSa uttaradAyitva sauMpA gyaa| zramaNa saMgha eka kendrIya dhurI ke rUpa meM sthita thA jisake Upara sampUrNa vyavasthA ke niyantraNa kA bhAra thaa| cAroM saMghoM meM parampara sAmaJjasya sthApita karane kA gurutara bhAra bhI muni ke Upara hI thaa| cU~ki zrAvaka varga ne muni varga ko bhautika cintAoM se mukta kara rakhA thA, ataH inakA mukhya karttavya nIti evaM dharma ke sambandha meM cintana evaM manana karanA thaa| naitika evaM sadAcAra kI zikSA dene ke liye hI bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM ko grAma-grAma evaM nagara-nagara bhramaNa karane kA nirdeza thaa| jaina Agama sAhitya se spaSTa hai ki bhikSu-bhikSuNiyoM kA adhikAMza samaya svAdhyAya evaM dharmopadeza meM hI vyatIta hotA thaa| dina aura rAtri ke cAra-cAra bhAga kiye gaye the aura inameM prathama, dvitIya evaM caturtha prahara dhyAna, svAdhyAya evaM dharmopadeza ke liye thaa|16 spaSTa hai, muni varga kA adhikAMza samaya dharma evaM darzana ke cintana meM hI vyatIta hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaina AcAryoM ne vyakti, parivAra aura kula ke sAtha hI sampUrNa rASTra ke utthAna ke sambandha meM vicAra kiyA aura usake liye nIti-nirdezaka siddhAntoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| jaina AcAryoM dvArA vivecita 10 dhoM kA ullekha hameM prAcIna Agama sthAnAGga meM hI prApta ho jAtA hai| inameM grAma, nagara, rASTra, kula, gaNa, saMgha Adi dharmoM kI carcA kI gayI hai| isa prakAra zramaNa varga zrAvakoM kI naitikatA evaM sadAcAra ke praharI ke rUpa meM upasthita huaa| zrAvaka varga meM anaitikatA kA prasAra na ho tathA vaha satmArga kI ora unmukha ho, isakA pramukha dAyitva zramaNa varga ke Upara thaa| zramaNa varga ne dharma kI sarala evaM spaSTa vyAkhyA prastuta kii| dharma ke prati zrAvaka varga kI AsthA banI rahe tathA unameM tIrthaGkaroM evaM unake upadezoM ke prati azraddhA na utpanna ho, zramaNa varga ko isakA vizeSa dhyAna rakhanA thaa| isI kAraNa unheM yaha nirdeza diyA gayA thA ki varSAkAla ke cAra mahInoM ko chor3akara zeSa ATha mahIne ve eka sthAna se dUsare sthAna para vicaraNa kreN| isa kA mukhya uddezya zrAvakoM ke madhya dharma evaM naitikatA kA upadeza karanA tathA unase apanA samparka jor3anA thaa| saMkSepa meM, zramaNa saMgha evaM zrAvaka saMgha ke madhya eka aTUTa, gaharA aura bhAvanAtmaka sambandha kAyama huaa| donoM pakSa eka dUsare kI sukha-suvidhAoM ke liye prayatnazIla the| donoM ne eka dUsare ko diyaa| zramaNa evaM zrAvaka saMgha kI paraspara sahabhAgitA meM hI jainadharma kI nirantaratA kA bIja chipA huA hai| prAcInakAla se lekara Aja taka, apane meM koI mUlabhUta parivartana kiye binA, jainadharma kI jo ajasra dhArA baha rahI hai- isakA

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68 zreya zramaNa evaM zrAvaka saMgha ke sadasyoM ke paraspara sambandhoM meM nihita hai| yahA~ para bauddhadharma kA sandarbha denA asamIcIna nahIM hogaa| apane janmasthala se bauddhadharma ke patana evaM jainadharma ke nirantara vikAsa ko itihAsakAroM ne isI pariprekSya meM dekhA hai| bauddha saMgha ke patana kA mUla kAraNa hI usakA apane upAsakoM se sambandha-viccheda honA thaa| dvitIya-prathama zatAbdI IsA pUrva se hI bauddha saMgha meM vihAroM kI sthApanA hone lagI thii| vihAroM ke nirmANa se bhikSuoM kA apane upAsakoM se sambandha TUTa gyaa| sAtavIM zatAbdI meM Ane vAle cInIyAtrI itsiMga ne nAlandA mahAvihAra kA ullekha kiyA hai| usane samIpa ke gAMvoM se bailagAr3iyoM meM ladI khAdya sAmagrI ko mahAvihAra meM jAte hue dekhA thaa| jaina saMgha meM bhI kAlAntara meM bhaTTAraka sampradAya sthApita huA, parantu jaina zramaNa saMgha ke adhikAMza sadasya bhikSAvRtti kA pAlana karate rahe aura jaina saMgha meM Aja bhI yaha paramparA kucha parivartana ke sAtha jIvita hai| bhikSAvRtti se mu~ha mor3ane vAle suvidhAbhogI sAdhuoM kI kar3I AlocanA hama kAlAntara kI zatAbdiyoM meM bhI sunate haiN|8 samAja se kabhI bhI sAdhuoM kA samparka viccheda nahIM huaa| isa yathArtha satya ko hama svargIya haramana jaikobI ke zabdoM meM vyakta kara sakate haiM It is evident that the lay-part of the community were not regarded as outsiders, as seems to have been the case in early Buddhism; their position was, from the beginning. well difined by religious duties and privileges; the bond which united them to the order of monks was an effective one. The state of a layman was one preliminary and, in many cases preparatory to the state of the monks.......... It can not be doubted that the close union between laymen and monks brought about by the similarity of their religious duties differing not in kind but in degree has enabled Jainism to avoid fundamental changes within and to resist dangers from without for more than two thousand years, while Buddhism being less exacting as regards the laymen underwent the most extraordinary evalutions and finally disappeared altogether in the country of its origin.19 zrAvaka evaM zramaNa saMgha kI isa sahabhAgitA ne jainadharma ko viparIta paristhitiyoM meM jIvanadAna diyaa| saMgha evaM samAja kI rakSA ke liye zramaNa evaM zrAvaka sadaiva prayatnazIla rhe| viparIta paristhitiyoM meM saMgha evaM samAja kI rakSA ke liye apavAda mArga kA bhI avalambana liyA jA sakatA thA- isakA spaSTa nirdeza thaa| nizIthavizeSacUrNi meM aneka kahAniyoM ke mAdhyama se uparyukta tarka ko siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| saMgha evaM samAja kI rakSA ke nimitta hiMsA evaM hatyA kA sahArA lenA par3e0 athavA

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mantra-tantra, camatkAra kA pradarzana karanA par3e21..- to vaha bhI svIkArya thaa| saMgha evaM samAja kA saMrakSaNa aparihAya mAnA gayA thA, kyoMki vaha sAdhanA kI AdhArabhUmi hai| isa prakAra zramaNa evaM zrAvaka donoM ne eka dUsare ko sambala pradAna kiyaa| yahI nahIM, donoM ne eka dUsare para niyantraNa karane kA bhI adhikAra prApta kiyaa| zramaNa varga yadi burA AcaraNa karatA thA to vaha samAja kI nindA kA pAtra banatA thaa| zramaNa ke brahmacarya-skhalana Adi aparAdha karane para usase usakA vastra-pAtra chIna kara use daNDa diyA jAtA thaa| yadyapi granthoM se aisA koI sandarbha maiM prApta nahIM kara sakA, parantu DaoN0 sAgaramala jI jaina ne isako vyAvahArika udAharaNa ke rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai| unhoMne svayaM eka zithila AcaraNa vAle bhikSu ko usakA vastra-pAtra lekara zramaNa saMgha se bahiSkRta karavAyA tathA samAja ke sahayoga se usake sAMsArika jIvana kI vyavasthA krvaayii| isa prakAra zramaNa varga ke Upara samAja yA zrAvakoM kA niyantraNa rahatA thA, jo unheM uccAdarzoM ko sthApita karane ke liye prerita karatA thaa| AgamoM se aisA udAharaNa prApta hotA hai jaba munijanoM ko apane galata vyavahAra ke liye zrAvaka se kheda prakaTa karanA pdd'aa| upAsakadazAGka se spaSTa hotA hai ki zreSThi Ananda ke sammukha galata tarka dene para svayaM bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apane pradhAna ziSya gaNadhara gautama ko Ananda se kSamA mA~gane ko kahA thaa|22 aisA hI saMgha, jise apanI AlocanAoM ko sahana karane kI kSamatA thI, pragati ke patha para agrasara ho sakatA thaa| spaSTa hai, jainadharma ke prasAra kAla meM zramaNa evaM zrAvaka saMgha ke madhya sauhArdapUrNa sambandha vikasita hue| aba hameM zrAvaka saMgha meM zrAvaka-zrAvikA evaM zramaNa saMgha meM bhikSu-bhikSuNI ke madhya paraspara sambandhoM kI chAnabIna karanI hogii| zrAvaka saMgha evaM zrAvikA saMgha ke madhya paraspara kyA sambandha thA-- isakI hameM koI Agamika sUcanA nahIM prApta hotii| yadi hama Agamika AkhyAnoM meM prayukta kathAoM kA vizleSaNa kareM to donoM saMghoM ke madhya madhura sambandhoM kA nidarzana prApta hotA hai| Azcaryajanaka rUpa se yahA~ bhI striyoM (zrAvikAoM) kI saMkhyA zrAvakoM se jyAdA hai| sambhavata: striyA~ sadaiva se dharmazIla rahI haiN| upAsakadazAGga meM revatI Adi kucha kaluSita vicAra vAlI striyoM kA avazya ullekha hai,23 parantu ve apavAdasvarUpa hI haiN| abhilekhoM se bhI hameM uparyukta tathya kI puSTi hotI hai| mathurA ke abhilekhoM meM patnI, putrI evaM mAtAoM dvArA jaina saMgha ko dAna dene kA bahuza: ullekha milatA hai|24 hAthIgumphA abhilekha meM bhI khAravela kI rAnI dvArA dAna dene kA ullekha hai|25 vastuta: jaina saMgha dvArA anumodita zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana pati-patnI evaM parivAra ke sabhI sadasyoM ne zraddhApUrvaka kiyaa| jahA~ taka zramaNa saMgha meM bhikSu evaM bhikSuNI ke madhya sambandha kA prazna hai, hameM gaharAI se vicAra karane kI jarUrata hai| AgamoM kA anuzIlana karane se yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina saMgha meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti nimna thii| jainadharma ke digambara sampradAya ne to

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70 strI ko taba taka mukti kI adhikArI nahIM mAnA, jaba taka vaha puruSa ke rUpa meM puna: janma na le| isa sambandha meM zvetAmbara sampradAya kI vicAradhArA apekSAkRta udAra rhii| inhoMne nArI ko na kevala mokSa kA adhikArI batAyA apitu yaha bhI svIkAra kiyA ki nArI sarvocca AdhyAtmika guNa se sampanna tIrthaGkara pada ko prApta kara sakatI hai| zvetAmbara jaina-paramparA ke Agama granthoM meM prayukta "bhikkhu bhikkhunI vA'' tathA "niggaMTha niggaMThI vA" zabda se bhI yaha dhotita hotA hai ki adhikAMza niyama donoM ke liye samAna the| parantu adhikAMza niyamoM kI samAnatA evaM saiddhAntika uccAdarzoM ke bAda bhI saMgha meM bhikSu kI tulanA meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti sadaiva nimna rhii| saMgha ke niyamoM ke anusAra tIna varSa kA dIkSita bhikSu 30 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSuNI kA upAdhyAya bana sakatA thA tathA 5 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSu 60 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSuNI kA AcArya bana sakatA thaa|26 isake atirikta saMgha meM AcArya evaM upAdhyAya ke pada kevala bhikSuoM ke liye nirdhArita the aura kitanI bhI yogya bhikSuNI kyoM na ho, vaha ina ucca padoM ko dhAraNa nahIM kara sakatI thii| bhikSuoM ko yaha vizeSAdhikAra prArambha se hI prApta rhii| kyA yaha Azcaryajanaka nahIM ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke gyAraha gaNadharoM meM koI bhI nArI nahIM thI jabaki saMkhyA evaM tapasyA meM ve sadaiva agraNI rhiiN| chedasUtroM se spaSTa hotA hai ki kAlAntara meM jaina saMgha meM "puruSajyeSThadharma' ke siddhAnta ko apanA liyA gayA jisake anusAra bhikSu-bhikSuNI se pratyeka avasthA meM zreSTha thA savvAhiM saMjatIhiM, kitIkammaM saMjatANa kaayvyN| purisuttarito dhammo, savvajiNANaM pi titthmmi|| 27 isI prakAra 100 varSa kI dIkSita bhikSuNI ko bhI sadya: pravrajita bhikSu kI vandanA karane kA vidhAna thA- vaha isakI avahelanA nahIM kara sakatI thI varisasaya dikkhiAe ajjAe ajjAdikkhio saahuu| abhigamaNa vaMdaNa namasaMNeNa viNaeNa so pujjo||28 isI prakAra upadeza dene kA adhikAra kevala bhikSu ko thaa| saMgha ke niyamAnusAra koI bhikSuNI kisI bhikSu ko upadeza nahIM de sakatI thii| apavAdasvarUpa bhikSuNI rAjImatI dvArA bhikSu rathanemi ko upadeza dene kA anyatama udAharaNa prApta hotA hai|29 rAjImatI ke prati bodhAtmaka upadezoM kA hI yaha pariNAma thA ki rathanemi kI A~kheM khula gayIM aura unhoMne apanA zeSa jIvana zAzvata satya kI khoja meM lgaayaa| isI prakAra bhikSuNI brAhmI evaM sundarI ne bhI bhikSu bAhubali ko ahaGkArarUpI hAthI se nIce utarane kA upadeza diyA thA; kintu ina apavAdoM ke atirikta aura koI bhikSuNI upadezaka ke rUpa meM nahIM miltii| isakI puSTi abhilekhoM se bhI hotI hai| abhI taka prApta kisI jaina abhilekha

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meM kisI bhikSuNI kA upadezaka ke rUpa meM ullekha nahIM miltaa| zramaNa saMgha meM bhikSu kI tulanA meM bhikSuNI kI sthiti nimna avazya thI, parantu samAja meM unako vahI sammAna evaM Adara prApta thA, jo bhikSu ko thaa| aisA pratIta hotA hai ki sAmAjika jIvana meM nArI kI jo sthiti thI, zramaNasaMgha meM bhI vahI rUpa pratibimbita huaa| AcArya sAmAjika jagat se prabhAvita hue binA na raha sake, Akhira ve bhI samAja ke hI aMga the| prAya: samAna paristhitiyoM meM vikasita bauddha saMgha meM bhI hameM yahI sthiti dikhAyI par3atI hai|31 nimna sthiti ke bAvajUda bhikSuNiyA~ apanI zikSA evaM tapasyA ke bala para zramaNa evaM zrAvaka donoM saMghoM meM vizeSa AdaraNIya rhiiN| bhikSu saMgha ke sAtha unake sambandha sauhArdapUrNa rheN| sAhitya yA abhilekhoM meM donoM ke madhya TakarAhaTa ke svara hameM kahIM nahIM sunAyI pdd'te| ___ jaba hama zramaNa evaM zrAvaka ke pArasparika sambandhoM kI vivecanA kara rahe hoM to yaha prazna uThanA svAbhAvika hai ki kauna-sI sAdhanA zreSTha hai? sAmAnya rUpa se zramaNa sAdhanA zrAvaka sAdhanA se zreSTha mAnI jAtI hai, parantu yadi hama nirvANa yA mokSa ko vyakti (cAhe vaha zramaNa ho yA zrAvaka) kA antima lakSya yA puruSArtha mAneM to donoM meM koI vizeSa antara nahIM raha jaataa| zramaNa sAdhanA kA mArga to mukti-patha kI ora jAtA hI hai, zrAvaka sAdhanA kA patha bhI digbhramita nahIM hotaa| zrAvaka dharma kA pAlana karate hue antima lakSya taka pahu~cA jA sakatA hai aura isakA pUrA vizvAsa jaina Agama karAte haiN| uttarAdhyayanasUtra spaSTa rUpa se isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna prastuta karate hue kahatA hai ki gRhastha jIvana se bhI nirvANa prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai|32 yahI nahIM, sAdhanA ke patha meM kucha gRhastha zramaNoM se zreSTha hote haiM- yaha bhI uttarAdhyayana spaSTa karatA hai|33 upAsakadazAGga meM zrAvaka Ananda kA jo caritra varNita hai, vaha kisI bhI muni ke liye spardhA kA viSaya ho sakatA hai| hA~, yaha avazya hai ki jainadharma kI digambara-paramparA gRhastha mukti kA niSedha karatI hai| usake anusAra antima lakSya kI prApti ke liye muni dharma arthAt digambaratva svIkAra karanA Avazyaka hai, parantu "jaina dharma kI zvetAmbara-paramparA meM gRhastha dharma ko bhI mokSa-pradAtA mAnA gayA hai| zramaNa aura gRhastha donoM dharma usI lakSya kI ora le jAne vAle haiM, itanA hI nahIM, donoM hI svatantra rUpa se usa parama lakSya ko prApta karane meM samartha bhI mAne gaye haiN|''34 __saMkSepa meM, jaina dharma ke caturvidha saMgha meM bhikSu-bhikSuNI arthAt zramaNa saMgha evaM zrAvaka-zrAvikA arthAt zrAvaka saMgha- ina donoM kA apanA viziSTa mahattva thaa| donoM ne apane liye vihita kartavyoM evaM dAyitvoM kA nirvAha karate hae jaina dharma ke vikAsa meM apanI prazaMsanIya bhUmikA nibhaayii| vizAla jainadharmarUpI ratha ke ye donoM sabala evaM sudRr3ha pahiye the| donoM ke svastha rahane para hI ratha avirAma gati se cala sakatA thaa| eka pahiye kI rugNatA pUre ratha kI gati ko vyavadhAna meM DAla sakatI thI- isakA AbhAsa

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72. sabako thaa| zramaNa evaM zrAvaka eka dUsare ke pUraka bane, eka dUsare kI AvazyakatA kI pUrti kI, eka dUsare para niyantraNa rakhA aura isa prakAra donoM ne samAna lakSya kI prApti kI / sandarbha 1. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 714. 2. tattvArthavArtika, 6/13/4. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. X, p. 247. evaM jainadharma kA yApanIya sampradAya, pR0 33. uttarAdhyayana, adhyAya 15; dazavaikAlika, adhyAya 10. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, sAgaramala jaina, bhAga 2, pR0 326-27. na vi muNDieNa samaNo, na oMkAreNa baMbhaNo / na muNI raNNavAseNaM, kusacIreNa na tAvaso || samayAe samaNo hoi, baMbhacereNa baMbhaNo / nANeNa ya muNI hoi, taveNaM hoi tAvaso / / uttarAdhyayana, 25/31-32. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 2, pR0 258. jJAtAdharmakathA, pR0 74. 8. 9. upAsakadazAGga, prathama adhyAya 10. jahA dumassa pupphesu, bhamaro AviyaI rasaM / na ya pupphaM kilAmei, so ya pINei appayaM / / eme samaNA muttA, je loe saMti sAhuNo / vihaMgamA va pupphesu, dANa-bhattesaNe rayA / / vayaM ca vittiM labbhAmo, na ya koi uvahammai / ahAgaDe rIyaMte, pupphesu bhamarA jahA / / dazavaikAlika, 1/2-4. 11 . vahI, 5/2/1 12 . vahI, 8 / 23 13. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. 20. p. 72.

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14. mahAvaMsa, 10/95; 33/43. 15. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. II. p. 200. 16. uttarAdhyayana, 26/12-18. 17. sthAnAGga, 10.760. 18. sambodhaprakaraNa, 19. Encyclopeadia of Religion and Ethics, Vol. VII, p. 470. 20. nizIthavizeSacUrNi, 289. 21. vahI, 1743. 22. upAsakadazAGga, prathama adhyAya. 23. vahI, saptama adhyAya. 24. Epigraphia Indica, Vol. II. p. 198-212. 25. Ibid, Vol. 20, p. 72. 26. "tivAsapariyAe samaNe niggaMthe tIsaM vAsapariyAe samaNIe niggaMthIe kappaI uvajjhAettAe uddisittae" vavahArasuttaM, 7/19. 27. bRhatkalpabhASya, bhAga 6, zloka 6399. 28. kalpasUtra kI kalpalatA TIkA meM uddhRta gAthA, pR0 2. 29. uttarAdhyayana, 22vA~ adhyAya. 30. AvazyakacUrNi, prathama bhAga, pR0 211. 31. jaina evaM bauddha dharma meM bhikSuNIsaMgha, pR0 191-199. 32. uttarAdhyayana, 36/49. 33. "saMti egehi bhikkhUhi, gAratthA saMjamuttarA" uttarAdhyayana, 5/20. 34. jaina, bauddha aura gItA ke AcAra darzanoM kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, bhAga 2, pR0 260.

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kharataragaccha-kIrtiratnasUri zAkhA kA saMkSipta itihAsa zivaprasAda kharataragacchIya prabhAvaka AcAryoM meM kIrtiratnasUri kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| inakI vizAla ziSyasantati inake nAma para kIrtiratnasUrizAkhA ke nAma se vikhyAta huii| isa zAkhA meM hue aneka nispRha aura vidvAn munijanoM ne apane dhArmika aura sAhityika kriyAkalApoM se kharataragaccha ko jIvanta aura prabhAvazAlI banAne meM atulanIya yogadAna diyaa| jahA~ kharataragaccha kI vibhinna zAkhAe~ zatAbdiyoM pUrva nAmazeSa ho gayI vahIM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke antima caraNa taka kIrtiratnasUrizAkhA kI nirantara vidyamAnatA kA zreya isa zAkhA meM samaya-samaya para hue vibhinna prabhAvazAlI munijanoM ko hai| kharataragacchIya AcArya jinarAjasUri ke paTTadhara prasiddha AcArya jinabhadrasUri ke ziSya kIrtirAja upAdhyAya aparanAma kIrtiratnasUri dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha neminAtha mahAkAvya (racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1495 se pUrva) kA jaina mahAkAvyoM meM viziSTa sthAna hai| inake dvArA racita kucha choTI-choTI kRtiyAM bhI milatI haiN| apanI racanAoM meM yadyapi unhoMne apane guru-paramparA Adi ke bAre meM koI sUcanA nahIM dI hai; kintu inakI paramparA meM hue paravartI granthakAroM yathA kalyANacandragaNi, lalitakIrti, candrakIrti, sAdhukIrti Adi ne inake jIvana para vistRta prakAza DAlA hai| ____ AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke 51 ziSyoM kA ullekha prApta hotA hai jisameM kalyANacandragaNi, lAvaNyazIla, guNaratna, harSavizAla Adi pramukha the| kalyANacandragaNi dvArA racita kIrtiratnasUricaupai, kIrtiratnasUrigIta Adi kRtiyA~ milatI haiN| inakA racanAkAla vi0saM0 1525 ke pazcAt mAnA jAtA hai| inake ziSyAdi ke bAre meM koI jAnakArI nahIM miltii| isI prakAra guNaratna ke kevala eka hI ziSya aura prasiddha racanAkAra padmamandiragaNi' ke bAre meM to unakI apanI kRtiyoM se jAnakArI prApta ho jAtI hai; kintu inake ziSya kauna the, isa bAre meM koI sUcanA prApta nahIM hotii| harSavizAla aura lAvaNyazIla kI ziSya-santati kA atyadhika vistAra huaa| inakA alaga-alaga vivaraNa prastuta hai*. pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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75 AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya harSavizAla dvArA racita koI kRti to nahIM milatI; kintu inakI paramparA meM hue labdhikallolagaNi ne vi0saM0 1648 meM jinacandrasUri akabarapratibodharAsa" kI racanA kI / inakI dUsarI kRti hai ripumardanarAsa aparanAma bhuvanAnandarAsa (racanAkAla vi0saM0 1649 / I0sa0 1583) jisakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI lambI gurvAvalI dI hai, 11 jo isa prakAra hai kIrtiratnasUri harSavizAla / harSadharma 1 sAdhumandira T vimalaraMga kuzalakallola 1 labdhikallola (jinacandrasUri akabarapratibodharAsa vi0saM0 1648, ripumardanarAsa vi0saM0 1649, kRtakarmarAjarSicaupAI vi0saM0 1665 Adi ke racanAkAra) 14 labdhikallola ke eka ziSya gaMgAdAsa ne vi0 saM0 1671 meM vaMkacUlarAsa kI racanA kii| 12 labdhikallola ke dvitIya ziSya lalitakIrti hue, jinake dvArA racita kIrtiratnasUrigItam, 13 jisakA Upara ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai, nAmaka kRti prApta hotI hai| lalitakIrti ke cAra ziSyoM ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| inake prathama ziSya rAjaharSa dvArA racita thAvaccAsugaselagacaupAI (racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1703); arahannakacaupAI (vi0 saM0 1732), neminAthaphAgu Adi kRtiyAM milatI haiM / " ukta kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM inhoMne apane guru lalitakIrti kA sAdara ullekha kiyA hai| puSpaharSa ke do ziSyoM zAntikuzala aura abhayakuzala ke bAre meM jAnakArI prApta hotI hai / zAntikuzala dvArA racita yadyapi koI kRti nahIM milatI; kintu unake ziSya pUrNaprabha ne vi0saM0 1786 meM puNyadattasubhadrAcaupAI, gajasukumAlacaupAI Adi kI racanA kI / 15 pUrNaprabha ke ziSya mAnaratna hue jinhoMne vi0saM0 1796 meM gorAbAdalakathA kI pratilipi kI / 16 isI zAkhA ke jayasaubhAgyagaNi ke ziSya paM0 cAritraudaya ne vi0saM0 1849 meM zrIpAlarAjArAsa kI racanA kii| 17 inake gurubhrAtA mANikyaudaya gaNi ne vi0 saM0 1830 meM kavi jinaharSa racita kumArapAlarAsa kI pratilipi kI / 18 paM0 cAritraudaya ne apane kRti kI prazasti meM apanI lambI gurvAvalI na dete hue mAtra apane guru kA hI ullekha kiyA hai, yahI bAta mANikyaudaya dvArA likhita

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76 kumArapAlarAsa kI prazasti ke bAre meM bhI kahI jA sakatI hai; kintu isI zAkhA meM hue paM0 rAmacandragaNi ke gurubhrAtA kastUracandra dvArA vi0saM0 1904 meM kI gayI draupadIcarita kI pratilipi kI prazasti meM isa zAkhA kI lambI gurvAvalI 19 prApta hotI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : paM0 rAmacandragaNi puSpaharSa | zAntikuzala T amRtaprabha nayasAgaragaNi I jayasaubhAgyagaNi I vAcanAcArya mANikyaudayagaNi T vAcanAcArya muktisiMdhuragaNi 1 sukhazIlagaNi kastUracanda (vi0 saM0 1904 meM draupadIcarita ke pratilipikAra) jaisA ki Upara hama dekha cuke haiM paM0 cAritraudaya ne zrIpAlarAjArAsa kI prazasti meM aura mANikyaudayagaNi ne kumArapAlarAjArAsa kI pratilipi kI prazasti meM apane guru ke rUpa meM jayasaubhAgyagaNi kA ullekha kiyA hai| Uparakathita draupadIcarita kI pratilipi kI prazasti meM bhI jayasaubhAgyagaNi kA nAma milatA hai ataH samasAmayikatA aura nAmasAmya ke AdhAra para ukta prazastiyoM meM ullikhita jayasaubhAgyagaNi ko eka hI vyakti mAnA jA sakatA hai| puSpaharSa ke dvitIya ziSya abhayakuzala hue, jinhoMne vi0saM0 1709 meM jinapAlitajinarakSitarAsa; vi0saM0 1735 meM haribalacaupAI; vi0 saM0) 1737 meM RSabhadattarUpavatIcaupAI Adi kI racanA kii| 20 ukta kRtiyoM kI prazastiyoM meM unhoMne apane guru puSpaharSa kA sAdara ullekha kiyA hai| uparokta prazastiyoM meM ullikhita choTI-choTI gurvAvaliyoM ke samAyojana se eka

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vistRta gurvAvalI nirmita hotI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai : tAlikA saMkhyA- 1 kIrtiratnasUri 1 harSavizAla I harSadharma 1 sAdhumandira 1 vimalaraMga 1 kuzalakallola I labdhikallola (vi0saM0 1648 meM jinacandrasUri akabarapratibodharAsa; vi0 saM0 1649 meM ripumardanarAsa Adi ke racanAkAra) gaMgAdAsa (vi0saM01671 meM vaMkacUlarAsa ke kartA) (vi0saM0 1703 meM thAvaccAsugaselagacaupAI, vi0saM0 1732 meM arahannakacaupAI, neminAthaphAgu Adi ke racanAkAra) lalitakIrti puSpaha zAntikuzala amRtaprabha nayanasAgaragaNi jayasaubhAgyagaNi 77 abhayakuzala (vi0saM0 1709 meM jinapAlitajinarakSitarAsa; vi0 saM0 1735 meM RSabhadattarUpavatIcaupAI Adi ke racanAkAra) pUrNaprabha (vi0saM0 1786 meM puNyadattasubhadrAcaupAI, gajasukumAlacaupAI Adi ke racanAkAra) mAnaratna (vi0saM0 1796 meM inake paThanArtha gorAbAdalakathA kI pratilipi kI gayI )

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78 paM0 cAritraudaya mANikyaudayagaNi (vi0saM0 1849 meM zrIpAlarAjArAsa (vi0 saM0 1830 meM kumArapAlarAsa ke racanAkAra) ke pratilipikAra) vAcanAcArya muktisiMdhuragaNi sukhazIlagaNi paM0 rAmacandragaNi kastUracandra (vi0saM0 1904 meM draupadIcarita ke pratilipikAra) vi0saM0 1703 meM thAvaccAsugaselagacaupAI; arahannakacaupAI Adi ke racanAkAra rAjaharSa ne bhI apane kRtiyoM kI prazasti meM apane guru ke rUpa meM lalitakIrti kA ullekha kiyA hai|21 kIrtiratnasUrizAkhA ke hI paM0 jayacandra ne vi0saM0 1742 meM siMhAsanabattIsI kI pratilipi taiyAra kii|22 usakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai lalitakIrti vijayarAjagaNi kamalaharSa paM0 jayacandra (vi0saM0 1742/I0san 1686 meM siMhAsanabattIsI ke pratilipikAra) isI zAkhA ke muni bhaktivizAla ne vi0saM0 1737/IsvI san 1671 meM aMjanAsundarIrAsa kI pratilipi23 kI, jisakI prazasti meM unhoMne apane guru-paramparA kA ullekha kiyA hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai

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lalitakIrti hIrarAja 1 udayaharSa bhaktivizAla (vi0saM0 1737 / IsvI san 1671 meM aMjanAsundarIrAsa ke pratilipikAra) kIrtiratnasUra zAkhA ke hI eka muni kSemavimala ke paThanArtha vi0saM0 1371 meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI pratilipi kI gayI / 24 isakI dAtAprazasti meM ukta muni ke anya satIthyoM - karpUralAbha, munisomanandana, mativimala Adi kA ullekha karate hue unheM udayaharSa kA ziSya batalAyA gayA hai| 25 vi0 saM0 1760 meM likhI gayI candralekhAcarita kI eka prati kI prazasti 26 meM pratilipikAra ke rUpa meM bhI kSemavimala kA ullekha prApta hotA hai| isa prakAra udayaharSa ke kula 5 ziSyoM kA ullekha prApta ho jAtA hai : hIrAja 1 udayaharSa bhaktivizAla munisomanandana (vi0saM0 1737 meM aMjanAsundarIrAsa ke pratilipikAra) karpUralAbha 79 mativimala uparokta vibhinna prazastiyoM meM ullikhita choTI-choTI guvavaliyoM ke paraspara samAyojana se AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya harSavizAla kI ziSya paramparA kI vistRta tAlikA saMgaThita hotI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai draSTavya- tAlikA saMkhyA - 2 kSemavimala ( inake paThanArtha vi0 saM0 1731 meM uttarAdhyayanasUtra kI pratilipi kI gayI; vi0saM0 1760 meM candralekhAcarita ke pratilipikAra)

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tAlikA saMkhyA 80 kIrtirArI harSavizAla harSadharma sAdhumaMdira vimalaraMga kuzalakallola labdhikallola gaMgAdAsa vijayarAjagaNi hIrarAja kamalaharSa udayaharSa paM. jayacandra karpUralAbha bhaktivizAla munisomanaMdana mativimala kSemavimala lalitakIrti puSpaharSa rAjaharSa zAMtikuzala abhayakuzala amRtaprabha pUrNaprabha nayanasAgaragaNi mAnaratna jayasaubhAgyagaNi paM. cAritraudaya mANikyaudayagaNi vAcanAcArya muktisindhuragaNi sukhazIlagaNi paM. rAmacandragaNi

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jaisAki prArambha meM kahA jA cukA hai ki AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke pramukha ziSyoM meM lAvaNyazIla aura harSavizAla kI ziSya-paramparA lambe samaya taka astittva meM rhii| harSavizAla kI ziSya-paramparA ke pazcAt lAvaNyazIla kI ziSyasantati, jo Aja taka calI A rahI hai, kA vivaraNa prastuta hai : ___ AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya lAvaNyazIla kI paramparA meM hue upAdhyAya candrakIrti ne vi0 saM0 1682/I0 san 1626 meM dharmabuddhipApabuddhicaupAI tathA vi0saM0 1689/I0san 1633 meM yAminIbhAnumRgAvatIcaupAI kI racanA kii|27 ukta kRtiyoM ke anta meM racanAkAra ne prazasti ke antargata apanI lambI gurvAvalI dI hai, jo isa prakAra hai : kIrtiratnasUri lAvaNyazIla puNyadhIra jJAnakIrti guNapramoda samayakIrti vinayakallola upA0 candrakIrti (vi0saM0 1682 meM dharmabuddhipApabuddhicaupAI evaM vi0 saM0 1689 meM yAminIbhAnumRgAvatIcaupAI ke racanAkAra) upAdhyAya candrakIrti ke eka ziSya khemarAja hue jinhoMne vi0saM0 1681/ I0sa0 1625 meM naladamayantIrAsa kI pratilipi taiyAra kii|28 isakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kA ullekha karate hue apane guru candrakIrti kA sAdara smaraNa kiyA hai : kIrtiratnasUri lAvaNyazIla puNyadhIra jJAnakIrti guNapramoda samayakIrti

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80 vinayakallola upA0 candrakIrti khemarAja (vi0 saM0 1681 meM naladamayantIrAsa ke pratilipikAra) upAdhyAya candrakIrti ke dvitIya ziSya sumatiraMga bhI apane samaya ke pramukha racanAkAroM meM se the| inake dvArA racita yogazAstra bhASAcaupAI (racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1720 / I0sa0 1664), mohavivekarAsa (vi0 saM0 1666 ), prabodhacintAmaNi aparanAma jJAnakalAcaupAI (vi0saM0 1666 ), jambUcaupAI (vi0 saM0 1729 / I0sa0 1673 ) Adi kaI kRtiyA~ prApta hotI haiM / 29 1722 / I0 sa0 1722 / I0sa0 upAdhyAya sumatiraMga ke praziSya evaM sukhalAbha ke ziSya paM0 jinahaMsa ne vi0saM0 1756 meM AnandazrAvakasandhi nAmaka kRti kI pratilipi kii| isakI dAtA prazasti meM unhoMne apane zAkhA kI jo gurvAvalI dI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : candrakIrti sumatiraMga sukhalAbha paM0 jinahaMsa (vi0 saM0 1756 meM Ananda zrAvakasandhi ke pratilipikAra) isI zAkhA ke jayakIrti nAmaka muni ne vi0 saM0 1868 / I0sa0 1812 meM zrIpAlacarita kI racanA kii| isakI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru-paramparA kI lambI sUcI hai, jo nimnAnusAra hai 3 2. vA0 candrakIrti mahimAhema sumatiraMga 1 sukhalAbha paM0 jinaharSa I mANikyamUrti 1 bhAvaharSa amaravimala 1 AjJAsundara jayakIrti (vi0 saM0 1868 meM zrIpAlacarita ke racanAkAra)

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83 jayakIrti ke gurubhrAtA mahimAhema kI paramparA meM harSavijaya, kalyANasAgara aura kIrtidharma hue| 33 isI prakAra jayakIrti ke ziSya pratApasaubhAgya aura dAnavizAla se do alaga-alaga ziSya paramparAe~ cliiN| 34 muni pratApasaubhAgya kI paramparA meM bIsavIM zatAbdI ke pramukha jainAcArya jinakRpAcandrasUri hue| mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara ne vibhinna sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para inakI guru-paramparA dI hai, 35 jo isa prakAra hai jayakIrti 1 pratApasaubhAgya 1 abhayacandra 1 paM0 amRtasoma yukti amRta jinakRpAcandrasUri | 6 vi0saM0 1972 meM inheM AcArya pada prApta huA aura vi0saM0 1994 meM pAlitANA meM inakA nidhana huA / inakI upasthiti meM 34 sAdhuoM kA samudAya thaa| inake nidhana ke samaya inakI paramparA ke 70 sAdhu-sAdhvI the| inakI paramparA ke kucha ziSyoM ke nAma jJAta ho sake haiM jo isa prakAra haiM-- jayasAgarasUri, paM0 Anandamuni, upA0 sukhasAgara, vAcaka rAyasAgara, paM0 jItasAgara, mayAsAgara, hemasAgara, vivekasAgara, maganasAgara, vardhanasAgara, udayasAgara, maMgalasAgara, matisAgara, kIrtisAgara, tilakabhadra Adi / AcArya jinakRpAcandrasUri Agama sAhitya ke viziSTa jJAtA the| bIkAnera sthita rAMgaDIcauka meM inakA vizAla upAzraya vidyamAna hai| inake paTTadhara jinajayasAgarasUri prAkRta aura saMskRta sAhitya ke pramukha vidvAn the / 37 inake dvArA saMskRta bhASA meM racita jinakRpAcandrasUricaritra nAmaka kRti prApta hotI hai isake atirikta inhoMne kucha granthoM kA hindI meM bhI anuvAda kiyA thaa| jinajayasAgara ke vi0saM0 2002 meM nidhana ke pazcAt upAdhyAya sukhasAgarajI ne kIrtiratnasUrizAkhA kA netRtva smbhaalaa| jaina sAhitya ke saMrakSaNa aura prakAzana ke kSetra meM inhoMne apUrva yogadAna diyaa| prasiddha purAtattvavettA, khaNDaharoM kA vaibhava, khoja kI pagadaMDiyA, zatruMjayavaibhava Adi pramukha kRtiyoM ke racanAkAra muni kAntisAgarajI mahArAja upAdhyAya sukhasAgarajI ke hI ziSya the / 28 sitambara 1970 I0 meM jayapura meM muni kAntisAgara jI kA dehAnta huA / Aja isa paramparA meM koI sAdhu vidyamAna nahIM hai / " balki kucha sAdhviyA~ haiM jo mohanalAla jI mahArAja kI paramparA ke zrIjayAnanda muni kI nizrA meM vicaraNa kara rahI haiM / 40

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84. ukta sabhI sAkSyoM ke AdhAra para AcArya kIrtiratnasUri ke ziSya lAvaNyazIla kI ziSya paramparA kI jo tAlikA banatI hai, vaha isa prakAra hai : draSTavya- tAlikA saMkhyA-3 sandarbha 1. agaracanda nAhaTA-bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, sampAdaka- maNidhArIjinacandrasUriaSTama zatAbdIsmRtigrantha, dillI 1971 I0san, pRSTha 58 aura Age. 2. agaracanda nAhaTA - bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA, sampAdaka-aitihAsika jaina kAvyasaMgraha, pR0 36-40 mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, sampA0-jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 1, navIna saMskaraNa, sampA0, DaoN0 jayanta koThArI, ahamadAbAda 1986 IsvI, pR0 477-78. 4. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pR0 207-08. 5-6. inake sambandha meM isI lekha ke antargata Age prakAza DAlA gayA hai| 7. maNidhArIjinacandrasUriaSTamazatAbdIsmRtigrantha, pR0 57. 8. draSTavya, sandarbha kramAMka 1.. 9. aitihAsikajainakAvyasaMgraha, pR0 55. 10. mohanalAla dalIcanda desAI, jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 2, navIna saMskaraNa, sampA0-DaoN0 jayanta koThArI, ahamadAbAda 1987 IsvI, pR0 247 aura Age. 11. ripumardanarAsa aparanAma bhuvanAnandarAsa kI prazasti pAmI saMgha taNau Adeza, jANI sama taNau lvles| ripumardananau racIu rAsa, bhaNatAM guNatAM liilvilaas|| zrIkharataragaccha-gayaNa-diNaMda, udayau zrI jinacaMda suuriiNd| vAdI-gajabhaMjaNa kezarI, sAnidhi tAsu raccau maI crii|| kIrtiratanasUri zAkhai jayau, harSavizAla tasu vAcaka thyu| harSadharma vAcaka tasu sIsa, sAdhumaMdira tasu pATa jgiis|| vimalaraMga tasu ziSya sujANa, suguNa rayaNa guNa kesarI khaaNnni| tasu suvineya kuzalakallola, sIsa supari kahai lbdhikllol|| candraprabha jina sAnidhi karI, raccau rAsa muni ulaTa dhrii|

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pAlaNapura vara nayara majAri, zrIsarasati sAmaNi AdhAri / / saMvata solaguNapaMcAsai jAMNi, vijayadazamI guruvAri bakhANi / tiNi dina kIdhau aha ja rAsa, sAMbhalatA savi pahucau Asa / / jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 2, pR0 249. 12 . vahI, bhAga 1, pR0 171-72. 13. draSTavya, sandarbha kramAMka 4. 14. jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 4, pR0 71-74, evaM 166-68. 15. vahI bhAga 5, pR0 323-29. 16. vahI, bhAga 2, pR0 16 - 17. 17. vahI, bhAga 2, pR0 95. 18. vahI bhAga 4, pR0 102. 19. vahI, bhAga 6, pR0 89-90 20. vahI bhAga 4, pR0 264-68. " bhAga 5, pR0 27-28. 29. vahI bhAga 4, pR0 71 74, 166-68. , 22. vahI, bhAga 2, pR0 40. 23. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 204. 24-25. vahI, bhAga 2, pR0 247. 26. vahI, bhAga 4, pR0 423. 27. vahI, bhAga 3, pR0 249-51. 28. vahI, bhAga 2, pR0 333. 29. vahI, bhAga 4, pR0 301-305 evaM mahopAdhyAya vinayasAgara, zrInAkor3ApArzvanAthatIrtha, jayapura 1988 I0sa0, 85 pR0 186-88. 30. jainagUrjarakavio, bhAga 3, pR0 215 31. H.D. Velankar, Jinaratnakosha, Poona 1944 A.D., p. 397. 32. A. P. Shah. Ed. Catalogue of Sanskrit & Prakrit Mss. Muni Shree Punya Vijayji's Collection, L.D. Series No. 6, Ahmedabad 1965 A.D., Part II, pp. 85-86.

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33-34. vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, pR0 223-24. 35-36. vahI, pR0 224. 37. vahI, pR0 225, evaM maNidhArIjinacandrasUriaSTamazatAbdIsmRtigrantha, pR0 161-62. 38. vahI, pR0 163-65. 39. vinayasAgara, pUrvokta, pR0 225 evaM bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA tathA vinayasAgara, sampA0, kharataragaccha dIkSA nandI sUcI, prAkRta bhAratI akAdamI, puSpa 67, jayapura 1990 I0sa0, pR0 203. 40. vahI, pR0 204.

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tAlikA saMkhyA-3 kIrtiralasUri kalyANacandragaNi harSa vizAla guNasUrI padmamaMdiragaNi upA. lAvaNyazIla vAcaka puNyadhIra vAcaka mAnakIrti vAcaka guNapramoda vAcaka samayakIrti vA. harSakallola RSidharamasI vinayakallola upA. candrakIrti khemarAja khemarAja paM. yuktiraMga upA. sumatiraMga upA. sukhalAma jinahaMsa mANikyamUrti bhAvaharSa amaravilAsa amRtasundara 87

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88 mahimAhema jayakIrti kAntiratna harSavijaya pratApasaubhAgya kalyANasAgara abhayacanda paM. kIrtidharma paM. samudrasoma muktiamRta jinakRpAcandrasUri dAnavizAla Rddhikamala amRtasAra prItivijaya (pyArelAla) jinajayasAgara paM.Anandamuni upA.sukhasAgara paM.jItasAgara mayAsAgara hemasAgara vivekasAgara maganasAgara vardhanasAgara udayasAgara maMgalasAgara matisAgara kIrtisAgara tilakabhadra Adi 25 ziSya upA.sukhasAgara mani kAlasAgara

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devaloka aura triyaJca meM nAga - bhaMvaralAla nAhaTA . samasta brahmANDa caudaha rAjaloka meM vyApta hai| lokAkAza meM cha: dravya haiM, jabaki alokAkAza meM kevala AkAza dravya hI hai| lokAkAza meM hI svarga, naraka, tiryaMca aura manuSya gati ke prANI haiM jabaki manuSya kSetra 45 lAkha yojana ke kevala DhAI dvIpa ke sImita kSetra meM hai, avaziSTa asaMkhya dvIpa- samudroM meM manuSyottara parvata se lagAkara svayaMbhUramaNa samudra paryanta asaMkhya yojana meM nadI-pahAr3oM-samudroM aura dvIpoM meM zAzvata jinAlayoM evaM caturvidha devoM kA hI nivAsa hai| unakI rAjadhAniyAM haiN| manuSya dehadhArI labdhi-siddhi saMpanna ho athavA deva-vidyAdharoM kI sahAyatA se hI naMdIzvaradvIpAdi tIrthadarzana yAtrA hetu jAkara A sakatA hai parantu vahA~ nivAsa nahIM kara sktaa| caudaha rAjaloka ke nimna bhAga meM 7 naraka, madhya bhAga meM manuSya loka aura usake UparI bhAga meM 5 jyotiSI deva, unake Upara 12 devaloka, 9 aveyaka tathA pA~ca anuttara vimAna haiM jo vaimAnika deva, kahalAte haiN| 9 graiveyaka aura 5 anuttara vimAnavAsI devoM ke adhipati indra nahIM hote, ve isalie ahamindra kahalAte haiN| 12 devaloka ke 12 indra, 10 prakAra ke bhavanapati meM uttara ke 10 aura dakSiNa ke 10 kula 20, vANavyaMtara ke 8, vyaMtaroM ke 8, uttara dakSiNa ke 8-8 kula 32, isa prakAra 64 kendra hote haiN| ve tIrthaMkaroM ke kalyANaka Adi vividha prasaMgoM meM sarvatra AvAgamana karate haiM, kalpopatra haiM, kalpAtIta deva nahIM aate| anuttara devoM kI avagAhanA 1 hAtha, nau graiveyaka kI 2 hAtha, nauveM se 12 veM taka 3 hAtha, 7 veM - 8 veM kI 4 hAtha, pAMcaveM-chaThe kI 5 hAtha, tIsare-cauthe kI 6 hAtha aura pahale-dUsare kI 7 hAtha hotI hai| jabaki AyuSya 7vIM naraka tathA anuttara vimAna kI 33 sAgaropama kI hai jo kramaza: ghaTate ghaTate sAgaropama-palyopama hote-hote devoM kI kama se kama 10 hajAra varSa kI Ayu hotI hai| _0_ 2 nAgakumAra udhikumAra . bhavanapati deva 10 prakAra ke hote haiM- 1.asurakumAra, 4.suparNakumAra 5.agnikumAra, 6.vAyukumAra, 7.stanitakumAra, 8.udadhikumAra, 9.dvIpakumAra aura 10.dikkumaar| inake dakSiNa aura uttara vibhAga ke kula 20 iMdra hote haiN| bhavanapati devoM ke rahane ke sthAna ratnaprabhA nAmaka prathama naraka ke 180000 yojana ke moTe stara meM se Upara-nIce ke 1000-1000 yojana chor3akara 178000 yojana meM 13 stara/pratara ke bAraha meM ghara jaise bhavanoM aura maNDapoM meM nivAsa karate haiN| isI kAraNa ve bhavanapati kahalAte haiN| bhavanapati dekhane meM sundara, manohara, sukumAra, mRdu * 4, jagamohana mallika lena, kalakattA 700007.

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90 evaM madhura gati vAle krIr3AzIla hote haiN| unakI UMcAI sAta hAtha aura AyuSya 1 sAgaropama se bhI adhika hotI hai| devaloka meM devoM ke vAhana bhI pazurUpa dhArI deva hI hote haiN| yataH zakrendra kA vAhana airAvata, jo unake pUrvabhava kArtika seTha ko apamAnita karane vAlA tApasa thaa| devoM ke vAhana apane zarIra kI vikriyA se tanurUpa AvazyakatAnusAra rUpa dhAraNa kara lete haiM evaM deva bhI apane mUla rUpa se nahIM uttara vaikriya se pahicAna ke lie pUrvarUpa meM darzana dete haiN| dIvasAgara paiNNayaM nAmaka Agama sUtra meM manuSya kSetra DhAI dvIpa se bAhara manuSyottara parvata ke bAda jo karor3oM yojana paridhi vAle dvIpa samudra haiM unake rucaka, kuNDala nandIzvara dvIpAdi meM zAzvata jinAlaya evaM indriANiyoM Adi kI rAjadhAniyA~ haiN| mAnuSottara parvata para 16 zikhara haiM jinameM 12 ke nAma vividha ratnamaya likhe haiM jina para nandiSeNa, amogha, gostUpa, sudarzana tathA palyopama sthiti vAle nAgakumAra deva aura suparNa deva nivAsa karate haiN| nandIzvara dvIpa ke ratikara parvata para saudharma (zakendra) aura IzAna devaloka kI 8 agra mahISiyoM kI rAjadhAniyA~ haiN| kuNDala parvata para bhI 16 nAgakumAra deva rahate haiM jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1.trizIrSa, 2. paMcazIrSa, 3. saptazIrSa, 4. mahAbhuja, 5. padmottara, 6. padmasena, 7.mahApadma, 8.vAsuki, 9.sthirahRdaya, 10.mRduhRdaya, 11.zrIvatsa, 12.svastika, 13. sundaranAga, 14.vizAlakSa, 15. pANDuraMga aura 16. paannddukeshii| inake lie kuNDala parvata ke bhItara saudharma IzAna lokapAloM kI solaha-solaha rAjadhAniyA~ haiN| mAnuSottara parvata meM cAra tathA aruNa samudra meM devoM ke 6 AvAsa haiN| unhIM meM unakI utpatti hotI hai| asurakumAroM, nAgakumAroM va udadhikumAroM kA aruNodaka samudra meM AvAsa hai aura unhIM meM unakI utpatti hotI hai| dvIpakumAroM evaM agnikumAroM ke AvAsa aruNavaradvIpa meM haiM aura unhIM meM unakI utpatti hotI hai| jainetara loga pRthvI zeSanAga para TikI huI kahate haiM para vastuta: vaha dhanavAta aura tanavAta para TikI huI hai| avadhijJAna ke asaMkhya prakAra haiM, mithyAdRSTi kA jJAna vibhaMga (ajJAna) kahalAtA hai ata: jinhoMne sImita vibhaMga se bhuvanapati ke nAgaloka ko dekhA hai ve isIlie nAga/zeSanAga para pRthvI TikI huI kahate haiN| nAga loka ke deva sA~pa kA rUpa dhAraNa karate haiM, isalie tiryaJcagati ke sA~poM se unakA aneka prakAra kA sambandha anAdi kAla se hai| sarpa viSa utArane meM maMtra-taMtra jhADA-jhapaTA Adi meM bhuvanapati deva sahAyaka hote haiM, jo uvasaggahara stotrAdi se prasiddha

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91 hai / parigrahamoha ke kAraNa mara ke jo sA~pa ho jAte haiM ve khajAne kI rakSA karate hue dekhe jAte haiN| bhAgyahIna uttarAdhikArI ke lie jamIna meM gAr3A huA dhana bhI koyalA rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai| ugra krodha kaSAya vAlA mara ke sA~pa ho jAtA hai aura vaha apane ko hAni pahu~cAne vAle vyakti se baira kA badalA lie binA nahIM chor3atA / gArur3ika loga maMtra bala se sA~pa AkRSTa kara sarpadaMza ke viSa ko vApasa khIMcakara nirviSa bhI karA dete haiM kintu dazavaikAlikasUtra ke dUsare adhyayana kI chaThI gAthA ke anusAra agaMdhanakula kA sAMpa apanA vamana kiyA huA viSa vApasa nahIM letA ataH rahanemi ko bodha dete rAjImati kahatI hai ahnca bhoyarAyassa tvasiaMdharka vrahiNo mA kule gaMdhaNo ho mo, saMjamaM tihuNo dhr| ma pakkhaMde jaliyaM joI, dhUmakeuM durAsayaM nicchati vaMtayaMbhottU, kule jAyA agaMdhaNe / eka kathAnaka meM guru kA ziSya, jo samarpita gurubhakta thA, ke rAtri meM so jAne para eka sA~pa AyA aura apanA vaira adA karane ke lie ziSya ko kATane ke lie prastuta huaa| gurumahArAja ne use bahuta samajhAyA para vaha apane vaira kA badalA lie binA kisI prakAra rAjI nahIM huA to usa rakta pipAsu ko gurumahArAja ne khajUra ke jaise tIkSNa patte se soe hue ziSya kI chAtI para baiThakara usakA thor3A rakta nikAla sA~pa ko saMtuSTa kiyaa| zrI ratnaprabhasUri, zrI jinadattasUri Adi jainAcAryoM dvArA lAkhoM nae jaina banAne ke itihAsa meM sarpadaMza se mRtaprAya: rAjaputra, zreSThi-putrAdi ko jIvita karane ke udAharaNa anekazaH pAye jAte haiN| eka bAra vaMzAvalI kA rikArDa rakhane vAle bahI bhAToM se jJAta huA ki sA~poM ke bhI bhATa huA karate haiN| ve jAtivaMta sA~poM kI bAMbI para jAkara sA~poM ke priya saMgIta vAdyayaMtra dvArA bajA kara sA~poM ko AkRSTa karate haiM aura unheM vaMza kA virud sunAte haiN| sA~pa bar3I mastI se suna kara unheM svarNa raupya mudrA, AbhUSaNa, ratna Adi InAma dete haiN| yaha bAta kahA~ taka sahI hai, kahA nahIM jA sakatA kintu bhavanapati deva kautukI hote haiM ataH kathaMcit satyAMza asvIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| rAjasthAna meM gogAjI, kezariyAjI, pAbUjI bhabhUtAsiddha Adi kI bar3I mAnyatA hai / bhAdrapada sudi 9 ko gogA navamI meM gogAjI kI pUjA meM khIra kA car3hAvA hotA hai| gA~voM meM unakI caukiyAM, devAlaya Adi pAye jAte haiN| bIkAnera meM gogA daravAjA hai aura pAsa meM tAlAba bhI hai| rAjasthAna ke sabhI gAMvoM meM gogA jI ke thAna hote haiN| kisI ke sarpadaMza dene para gogAjI ke thAna para dardI ko lAkara rakha diyA jAtA thA aura eka-do dina meM vaha nirviSa hokara A jAtA thaa| saurASTra meM bhI gogA pIra kI mAnyatA hai aura ghaTanA bheda se kathAe~ bhI pracalita haiN| rAjasthAna meM parDa, bA~DI, pInA Adi sAMpa pAye jAte haiN| sA~poM kI saikar3oM jAtiyAM haiM ve sabhI viSadhara nahIM hote| sA~pa dekhate hI hara vyakti bhayAkrAMta ho jAtA

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hai| aura 'bhaya ko mAre nI bhayasANa mArai' kahAvata ke anusAra mRtyu taka ho jAtI hai| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha svAmI ke sAtha kamaTha kA ikataraphA baira kaI bhavoM se calA AtA thaa| eka bAra hAthI ke bhava meM kukkuTa sA~pa ne kATa khAyA thaa| bhagavAn jaba rAjakumAra the taba kamaTha tApasa gaMgAtaTa para paMcAgni tapa karatA thaa| bhagavAn ne usake ajJAna tapa ko cunautI dete hue jalate kATha ko cIrA kara usameM adhajale sA~pa yugala ko navakAra maMtra sunAyA thA jisase ve dharaNendra-padmAvatI (iMdra-iMdrANI) hue| yaha kathA sarvatra prasiddha hai ki kamaTha mara kara meghamAlI deva huA aura usase ghanaghora vRSTi dvArA upasarga kiyA taba dharaNendra-padmAvatI ne prakaTa ho kara unheM mastaka para uThA liyaa| kamaTha ko phaTakArate hue usakA baira samApta karAyA aura ve bhagavAn ke parama bhakta indra-indrANI hue| nAgaloka meM hAni pahu~cAne se sAgara cakravartI ke sATha hajAra putroM ko samApta karane kI kathA prasiddha hI hai| laudravAjI tIrtha meM zikhara kI nIce bA~bI meM adhiSThAtA sA~pa kA sthAna hai jo bhakta yAtrIjanoM ko darzana detA rahatA hai| prAcIna sAhitya meM nAgakumAra - bhavanapati devoM Adi kI aneka kathAeM saMprApta * kauzAmbI nareza zatAnIka kI rAnI mRgAvatI ko bhAraNDa pakSI uThAkara le gayA aura malayAcala para chor3a diyaa| rAnI ne vahA~ RSi Azrama meM rAjakumAra udayana ko janma diyaa| udayana ne eka bAra nAga ko mArane ke prastuta bhIla ko rokakara mAM kA kaMkaNa dekara usakI rakSA kii| vaha maharddhika nAgakumAra ke rUpa meM prakaTa hokara kumAra kA mitra ho gayA aura use nAgaloka meM le gyaa| kucha dina sammAnapUrvaka rakha kara saMgIta vINA-vAdana vidyA kA abhyAsa karAke eka vINA ke sAtha apanI mAM ke pAsa pahuMcA diyaa| __ ArAmazobhA ke caritra meM bhI isI prakAra vimAtA se kaSTa pAtI huI jaba vaha jaMgala meM thI to zikArI se sA~pa kI rakSA kii| vaha nAgakumAra deva thaa| usane cilamilAtI dhUpa meM mastaka para vRkSa kI chAyA rakhanA zuru kara diyaa| eka bAra rAjA ne use guNavatI aura suMdara dekhakara pitA se mAMga kara zAdI kara lii| vimAtA ne use prasava hetu bulAkara kueM meM DAla diyA aura usake putra ko apanI putrI ke sAtha bheja diyA nAga kumAra deva ne kuMe meM usakI rakSA kii| use gupta rUpa meM rAjamahala meM putra ke sAtha khelane ke lie bhejtaa| rAjA ne use pahacAna kara rakha liyaa| viyoga samApta ho gyaa| rAjA priyaMkara eka sAdhAraNa vaNika putra thA jisake bar3e bhAI ne, jo dharaNendra ke parivAra meM deva huA thA upasargahara stotra ke prabhAva se unnati ke zikhara para pahu~cA kara rAjA banA diyA, isakI kathA prasiddha hai|

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93 jinezvarasUrikRta kathAkozaprakaraNa meM jinapUjAviSayaka - nAgadatta kathA kI prakAzita hai jo isa prakAra hai cakrapura nagara ke rAjA mahAsena aura rAnI padmazrI nirgrantha pravacana ke zraddhAlu aura jina pUjArata dhArmika the| unake megharatha nAmaka dharmAtmA putra thaa| usakA battIsa sundara rAjakanyAoM se vivAha huA thaa| eka dina caturdazI ke poSadhopavAsa meM dvAra baMda kara rAtri meM bhUmi para soyA huA thA jise kAle nAga ne Dasa liyaa| viSa vyApta hone se vaha paMcatva prApta ho gyaa| prAta: kAla zaiyApAlaka ne dvAra kholakara use marA huA paayaa| sarvatra hAhAkAra chA gayA, rAjA ne nirviSa kara jIvana dAna karane vAle ko hajAra grAma aura lAkha sonaiyA dene kI ghoSaNA kii| gArur3ika loga Akara prayatna karane lge| yathAzakti prayatna karate unhoMne nimnokta gAthAoM kI bAta kahI aura rAjakumAra ko jIvita karane kA niSphala prayatna kiyA pAdAMguThe pRSThe gulphe jAnuni rAMga nAbhitaTe / hRdaye staneatha kaNThe pavana gatau nayanayoH kramazaH // bhrazaMkha zravaNeSvaya zirasi ca jIvohi vasati jantUnAm / tatraivaca yAti viSaM sarveSAM tanu bhRtAM nuunm|| pratipadamAramya tithiM kramo hyayaM bhavati dakSiNe bhAge / puMsastathAGga nAyAvAme smuddissttm|| zarIra ke aMgoM para tithi vibhAga se puruSa-strI ke viSa vyApta aMga para chAra malane se nirviSa ho jAnA btlaayaa| rAjAjJA se maMtra, jar3I-bUTI sabhI prayoga kiye gye| gArur3ikoM ne lalATa ke urddha nasa para prayoga kiyaa| vAma nAsikA chedana, cAra aMgula DorA baMdhana, nAbhi para chAra prakSepa Adi viSa utArane ke tatkAlIna gArur3ika pracalita prayoga saba niSphala hue| subuddhi maMtrI ne kahA- Apa jJAnI haiM, marA huA kabhI jIvita nahIM hotA, Akhira antima kriyA agni saMskAra agara caMdana kASTha dvArA kiyA gyaa| saba parivArAdi ko zoka vyAkala dekhakara unheM bodha dene ke lie megharatha sAdhu rUpa meM upasthita huaa| paricaya pUchane para deva ne prakaTa hokara kahA- maiM tumhArA putra megharatha bhavanapati nikAya ke dakSiNa zreNI meM dharaNendra huA huuN| pauSadha meM mara ke vaimAnika meM utpanna hotA kintu viSa vyApta hone se bhavanapati meM utpanna hokara tumhAre anurAga vaza yahAM AyA huuN| he mAtA! zoka dUra kro| padmazrI ne kahA ina bahuoM kA kyA hogA? deva se kahA inheM apane pAsa le jaao|

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94 deva ne kahA hameM mAMsa- pitta vAle zarIra kI gaMdha bhI asahya hai| rAjA ne kahAbeTA rAjya dhurA kauna saMbhAlegA ? taba deva ne kahA tAta ! devaloka se cyavana kara puNyAnubhAva se eka jIvAtmA Apake yahAM utpanna hokara sarvajJa zAsana kA unnAyaka hogaa| maiM nAgarAja huuN| mere diyA huA usakA nAma nAgadatta rakhanA! nAgarAja svasthAna gayA aura padmazrI ke yathAsamaya putra nAgadatta kA janma huA jisakA vistRta jIvanacaritra Age vahA~ vistAra se likhA hai| kuzala nirdeza jUna 1983 ke aMka meM 'takSaka nAga' zIrSaka eka kahAnI prakAzita kI thI tadanusAra kAntinagarI ke rAjA kanakasena kI rAnI kanakalatA kI putrI kanakavatI taruNAvasthA ko prApta huI thii| usI nagara meM eka bhAro nAmaka kaThihArA rahatA thA, jisakI strI bar3I karkazA aura jhagar3AlU thii| usase vaha taMga A gayA thaa| isI samaya pAtAlaloka ke padmanAga ke putra takSaka nAga ne pitA se saira karane ke lie manuSyaloka meM Ane kI AjJA maaNgii| pitA ne kahA- tuma martyaloka meM bhale jAo kintu koI apane kula kI zodha kare vahA~ phira na rukanA / takSaka nAga martyaloka meM AyA aura jahA~ kaThiyArA baiThA thA vahA~ use jalatI huI garama bAlu para reMgate dekhakara jhagar3AlU patnI ko mArane ke uddezya se ghar3e kA pAnI girAkara takSaka nAga ke sAmane kara diyaa| vaha usameM praviSTa ho gyaa| patnI ne jaba ghar3A khola kara dekhA to usameM A~vale jitane bar3e-bar3e 81 motiyoM kAhAra paayaa| patnI lAkhoM-karor3oM kI sampatti dekhakara pati ke anukUla ho gii| usameM se do-cAra motI hI giravI rakhe jisameM havelI Adi khUba ThATha-bATha ho gayA / kaThihArA rAjamAnya adhikArI ho gyaa| rAjA ne hAra lekara use pracura dhana de diyaa| rAjA ne usa hAra ko apanI taruNa putrI kanakavatI ko de diyA / vaha use dhAraNa kie rahatI / vaha takSaka nAga to thA hI, dina meM hAra aura rAta meM jAra ho jaataa| jaba pati saMyoga se zArIrika vikAsa dekhA to mA~ ke pUchane para hAra ke hI jAra hone kI bAta kahI / rAjA-rAnI ne pracchannatayA pratIti kara usake priyatama kI jAti - paricaya pUchane ko kahA / kanakavatI ke AgrahapUrvaka pUchane para apanA paricaya dekara pitR padmanAga kI AjJAnusAra takSaka nAga sadA ke lie calA gyaa| rAjakumArI ne pati sukha-hAra aura jAra donoM khoye| prabhAvakacaritra ke bhI mAnatuMgasUriprabandha meM likhA hai ki nAgarAja dharaNendra ne unake mAnasika roga ko dUra karane ke lie 'namiUNa pAsa visahara vasaha jiNaphuliMga' 18 akSaroM kA maMtra diyA thaa| isakI yaMtra - bRhaccakra likhane kI vidhi meM ATha paMkhur3iyoM meM pahale 'OM hrIM zrIM' aura aMta meM 'hrIM nama:' Alekhita karanA caahie| pUre yaMtra bRhaccakra kI vidhi meM paMcaparameSThI aura trirala, 16 vidyAdeviyoM ke nAma likhe jAte haiM / 24 tIrthaMkara, mAtAoM, digpAloM, nau grahoM Adi ke nAma bhI likhe jAte haiN| hameM vistAra meM na jAkara yahA~ ke ATha nAga devatAoM ke nAma uddhRta karanA abhISTa hai jo isa prakAra hai

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(1) OM anantAya namaH, (2) OM vAsukyAya namaH, (3) OM takSakAya namaH, (4) OM koTikAya namaH, (5) OM padmAya namaH, (6) OM mahApadmAya namaH, (7) U~ zaMkhapAlayaya namaH, (8) U~ kulikAya nmH| zAstroM meM sA~poM ke 10 kula batAe haiM unameM ina 8 nAmoM ke sAtha 9 vijaya aura 10 jaya ke nAma haiN| bhagavAn pArzvanAtha ke nAma se pavitra mantra kA jApa karane se sabhI prakAra ke sA~poM kA viSa nAza hotA hai| Upara do maMtroM kA ullekha kiyA hI hai| lIbar3I (gujarAta) meM do brAhmaNa bandhu rahate the jinheM sarpa viSa utArane kI vidyA prApta thii| vidhi yaha thI ki 'pAnare pAnare' kaha kara kapar3e ke gAMTha lagA dete the, ata: ve pAnare mahArAja ke nAma se prasiddha ho ge| unhoMne dasa hajAra se adhika sarpa viSa utAre the| zatAvadhAnI zrI dhIrajalAla TokarasI zAha unase mile the| zrI jinakRpAcandrasUrijI mahArAja ne kahA thA ki eka buDhiyA ke haMsa nAmaka putra ko jaMgala meM kisI sA~pa ne kATa khAyA, jisase viSa vyApta hokara vaha behoza ho gyaa| usakI mA~ rAta bhara "re haMsa re haMsa" nAma se vilApa karatI rhii| prAta:kAla jaba gArur3ika ne dekhA to vaha nirviSa ho gayA thaa| usane pUchA tumane kisI maMntravAdI yA auSadhi kA prayoga kiyA? aise hI to viSa utaratA nhiiN| buDhiyA ne kahA, maiM ra haMsa, re haMsa' kahate hue rAta bhara vilApa karatI rhii| gArur3ika ne kahA, yaha viSa utArane kA maMtra hai| ___zrI jinavallabhasUri jI mahArAja hA~sI ke zrAvaNa ke putra the| ye caityavAsI AcArya jinezvarasUri ke maTha meM rahakara vidyAdhyayana kara rahe the| pitA kA dehAvasAna ho jAne se mAtA ne usakA lAlana-pAlana kiyA thaa| buddhi meM ve bar3e teja the| eka bAra adhyayana ke pazcAt ghara para jA rahe the taba mArga meM unheM eka Tippanaka dikhAI diyaa| usameM sarpAkarSaNI tathA sarpamokSinI nAmaka vidyAyeM thiiN| usameM likhe gaye varNana ke anusAra jinavallabha ne pahalI vidyA ke mantra kA uccAraNa kiyaa| usake prabhAva se sarvadizAoM se sA~pa hI sA~pa Ane lge| vidyA kA prabhAva jJAta kara ve tanika bhI nahIM ghbraaye| usa samaya sarpamokSiNI dUsarI vidyA kA yathAvidhi uccAraNa kara una Aye hue sarpo ko vaise hI lauTA diyaa| vividhatIrthakalpa ke 'ratnAvAhapurakalpa' meM likhA hai ki vahAM eka kuMbhAra kA putra mAnavadehadhArI nAgarAja ke sAtha khelA karatA thaa| nAgarAja use pratidina jAte samaya apanI pUMcha se sone kA 4 aMgula hissA kATane detA thaa| usake pitA ne lobhavaza jyAdA pUMcha kATakara lAne ke liye majabUra kiyA aura usane jaba inakAra kiyA to pitA ne bila meM praviSTa hokara jAte nAgakumAra kA AdhA zarIra kATa ddaalaa| nAgakumAra ne kruddha hokara pitA putra donoM ko phaTakArate hue kATa khAyA aura tIvra krodhAveza meM samasta kuMbhAroM ke vaMza kA nAza kara diyaa| usake bAda vahAM koI bhI kuMbhAra kA kAma karane vAlA rahatA nhiiN|

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96 vahAM ke loga miTTI ke bartana anya sthAne se lAte haiN| vahAM nAgamUrtiyukta dharmanAtha svAmI kI pratimA samyagdRSTi yAtriyoM dvArA pUjI jAtI hai aura jainetara loga varSA na hone para hajAroM ghar3e dUdha se bhagavAn kA abhiSeka karate haiM jisase usI samaya pracura meghavRSTi ho jAtI hai| yaha ghaTanA 700 varSa pUrva likhita hai| _ 'pratiSThAnapura-kalpa' ke anusAra vahAM do videzI brAhmaNa apanI vidhavA bahana ke sAtha Akara kisI kuMbhAra kI zAlA meM rahane lge| eka dina unakI bahana pAnI ke liye godAvarI nadI meM gaI to usake advitIya saundarya ko dekhakara kAmAtura antarhada nivAsI zeSanAga ne manuSya dehadhAraNa kara sAtha saMbhoga-keli kii| usake saptadhAturahita hone para bhI bhavitavyatA vaza divyazakti se zukra pudgala saMcAra dvArA va garbhavatI ho gii| usane garbhakAla pUrNa hone para sAtavAhana ko janma diyA, vahI bar3A hone para nAgarAja ke sAnnidhya se pratiSThAnapura kA rAjA sAtavAhana huaa| jainetara sAhitya meM bhI nAgaloka kI pracura kahAniyAM milatI haiN| rAmabAbU nIrava ne kathAloka, janavarI 95 ke aMka meM "zrIkRSNa aura AzikA' zIrSaka kathA prasaMga prakAzita kiyA hai jisameM prabhAsa kSetra ke saMdIpanI Azrama meM zrIkRSNa, balarAma aura uddhava ke adhyayana pUrNa karane ke pazcAt unakI udAsI kA kAraNa pUchane para yaha jJAta kara ki unakA putra zvetaketu samudrIdasyu paMcajanya dvArA apahRta hone se ve du:khI haiN| zrIkRSNa ne putra ko chur3A lAne kA saMkalpa kiyA aura ve tInoM cala pdd'e| samudra meM ve jalayAna dvArA ghUmate rahate aura AryoM ko pakar3a kara satAne aura unheM beca dene vAle vyavasAyI zaktizAlI asura se usake vAhana kI khoja kara jA bhir3e aura use mAra kara pAtAla loka meM jAkara nAgamAtA aura yamarAja ke adhikAra se unheM vikrIta zvetaketu ko tathA dasyu ke adhikRta bahuta se manuSyoM ko chur3A laaye| isa vistRta vArtA meM nAgakanyAoM kA tathA nAgamAtA ke krUra zAsana kA varNana hai| AzikA unhIM kI putrI thii| __bhagavAn zrIkRSNa zalAkApuruSa/vAsudeva the| unake dvArA kAliyadamana kI kathA sarvatra prasiddha hai| bhuvanapati/nAgakumAra Adi devoM ke saMbandha meM Upara kucha batAyA jA cukA hai, jaina kathAnuyoga meM aura bhI bahuta se jJAtavya anuzIlana karane se prApta ho sakate haiN| zrI zAntisUrijI ne jIva-vicAraprakaraNa meM nimna gAthA meM saMkSipta paricaya diyA hai| caupaya urapari sappA bhuyaparisappAya thalayarA tivihaa| go sappa naula pamuha, bodhavvA te smaasennN| sthalacara (jamIna para calane vAle) triryaJca paMcendriya jIva tIna prakAra ke hote haiN| cAra pairoM vAle, chAtI ke bala para calane vAle tathA bhujAoM se calane vAle saMkSepana goha, sAMpa, nakula Adi jaannaa|

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97 tiryaJca sAMpa viSadhara aura nirviSa ubhaya prakAra ke hote haiN| mArca 1994 ke manohara kahAniyAM se vidita hotA hai ki hajAroM vanya prANiyoM kI chAleM nirdayatApUrvaka utAra kara evaM haDDiyAM Adi bhI hara sAla bhArata se taskara videza bhejate haiM jinakI hatyA karake mAla bikatA hai| sAMpoM meM gehuA~, kobarA, ajagara, ur3ana sAMpa, jalebiyA Adi hare, nIle raMga ke aneka prakAra ke sAMpa haiN| karaita sAMpa eka lAbhaprada viSadhara hai| hamAre deza meM pAye jAne vAle sabhI sAMpa viSadhara nahIM hote| bhArata meM 233 prakAra ke sAMpa pAye jAte haiM, unameM kevala 69 prakAra ke jAti meM viSa pAyA jAtA hai| inameM se 16 jAtiyoM ke sAMpa aise haiM jinakA viSa adhika prabhAvazAlI hotA hai| inameM karaita aura davoIyA~ haiN| karaita dekhane meM adhika sundara hotA hai, yaha apanA bacAva bar3I ugratA se karatA hai| inakA viSa bahuta teja hotA hai| camakadAra kAle athavA nIle raMga kI camar3I para choTI-choTI sapheda raMga kI Ar3I paTTiyAM ise bahuta AkarSaka banA detI haiN| ye sAMpa bhArata, baMgalA deza se lekara pAkistAna, zrIlaMkA taka pAye jAte haiN| ye choTI-choTI jhAr3iyoM meM, mAnava bastI ke Asa-pAsa pAye jAte haiM aura gharoM meM praveza karake apanA AvAsa banAne kI koziza karate haiN| prAya: pAnI ke srotoM ke Asa-pAsa hI yaha rahatA hai| yaha apane para musIbata Ane para hI kATatA hai, anyathA yaha sAMpa meMDhaka, chipakalI, cUhe Adi hI khAtA hai| kintu kaI bAra apanI jAti ke sAMpoM ko bhI apanA bhojana banA letA hai| karaita nara mAdA se lambA hotA hai| inakA prajanana kAla pharavarI se mArca ke bIca meM hotA hai| maI se julAI ke bIca ye aNDe dete haiM aura ve aNDe kaI samUha meM hote haiN| isameM viSa kI thailiyAM mastiSka ke UparIbhAga meM hotI haiN| jaba viSa chor3A jAtA hai taba vaha tarala hone ke kAraNa halkA pIle raMga kA hotA hai| kisa sAMpa meM kitanA viSa hotA hai yaha usakI zarIra ke gaThana Adi kSamatA para nirbhara hai| karaita sA~pa adhikAMzataH viSailA hotA hai| isake viSa se anekoM prakAra kI auSadhiyAM taiyAra hotI haiN| kaiMsara meM bhI isakA viSa kAma meM AtA hai| dezI jIvoM para videzI logoM kI nigAheM barAbara lagI huI haiN| ve bhArata se bar3I mAtrA meM jIvoM kA AyAta karake unakI hatyA karake vividha kAma meM lete haiN| deza kI jaivika saMpatti kA araboM kA hotA huA nuksAna rokanA paramAvazyaka hai| katipaya ucca koTi ke sA~poM meM maNidhArI sA~pa bhI kathaMcit pAye jAte haiN| use prApta karane vAle ko pUrI sAvadhAnI rakhanI par3atI hai| kahA jAtA hai ki usa maNi ke prabhAva se jala pravAha bhI mArga de detA hai| nepAla meM kisI ke pAsa prabhAvazAlI maNi hone aura parIkSA hetu tastarI meM pAnI DAlane para maNi ke prabhAva se pAnI do bhAgoM meM ho gyaa| vaha maNi pacIsa lAkha meM denA cAhatA thA, aisA sunA gyaa|

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98 hamArI silacara kI dukAna meM eka vyakti sarpa-maNi lekara AyA, jisakA bhAI apanI jAna gaMvA cukA thaa| vaha maNi cAra lAkha meM denA cAhatA thaa| hamane use kalakattA bhejane ko khaa| vaha rAta bhara raha kara prAta: kahIM calA gayA aura vApasa nahIM lauttaa| devaloka/bhavanapati nAga devoM aura tiryaMca nAgoM kA pArasparika sambandha anAdikAla se hai| ata: ubhaya prakAra kI pracalita kahAniyA~ va jJAtavya sikhAne ke pazcAt etadviSayaka "nAgavidyA" nAmaka mUla grantha ko dene se pUrva usakA saMkSipta paricaya denA upayukta hogaa| isameM nAgaloka ke nagaroM, rAjA-rAnI, sarpadaMza ke capeTa meM Aye kumAra Adi kA bhI vivaraNa hai| sarpa viSa se prabhAvita vyakti ke nirviSa hone ke lie kRta upacAra, pUjA vidhi Adi sambandhita jJAtavya bhI isameM hai| isakI bhASA rAjasthAnI pradhAna hai| gadya, padya, vArtA kI bhASA tIna-cAra sau varSa se prAcIna kramika vikasita ho sakatI hai| bIca-bIca meM saMkhyA kama bhI Alekhita hai| isakA rahasya vizeSajJa hI batalA sakate haiN| yaha choTA sA graMtha madhyapradeza ke paNDariyA sthAna meM eka sajjana ke pAsa astavyasta patroM ke guTake meM thA jise vyavasthita kara nayA viSaya hone se prakAzita kiyA jA rahA hai| OM OM OM OM OM OM OM OM * san 1988 meM jIva saMrakSaNa vibhAga ne chApA mArakara sA~poM kI 25800 khAleM barAmada kI thii| 1993 iMdirA gAMdhI havAI aDDe para kasTama adhikAriyoM ne svIDiza nAgarika se vividha sA~poM kI 1848 khAleM barAmada kI jisakI kImata 10 lAkha thii| vaha istAMbUla jA rahA thaa| 4 julAI 1993 meM spezala sTApha ke bI. ema. zarmA ne jAkira husaina ko relave sTezana para giraphtAra kiyaa| usake bar3e TraMka meM 1300 khAleM barAmada kI jisameM ur3ana sA~pa, jalebiyA Adi kI nIle-hare raMga kI khAleM bhI thiiN|

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/ / OM namo zrI nAgAya nmH|| nAga-vidyA rAga-goMDI nagara hIrApura pATaNa bhaNiyai, mAMhi Takesara dev| namaNi karaDaM vara nAma le nai, karuM tumhArI sev|| pAradhi karuM tumhArI sev|| vAsiga rAu teDAviyA, kAla kaMkoDa nai tithirA kuyara avi ghaNa vege bolaaviaa| nAda veda ANaMda adhika, karai tumhArI seva nagara hIrApura pATaNa bhaNiyai, mA~hi Takesara dev||1|| rAu derAsari baiThoM, ANe niramala niir| DaMka gayuM bhAgIrathI, samudraha~ paiMlai tiiri| nIra levA DaMka mokaliu, lAgI ati ghaNa vAra Apa savAratha pADiuM lobhI, samudraha pailai paari|2|| sahasa aThyAsI tihA~ devatA, jAi tiNi vana baiThA gaMga taNuM pravAha na ANyau, rAu deharAsari bitthaa||3|| rAya mokalyA chai vADI, ANe surahI jaay| ANe karaNI kevaDI, ANe ruDai bhaavi||4|| ANe surahI pAtrI, ANe tulachI nai baabcii| kaNa kaNavIra rAta kI jAi, bila karaNau kevdd'uN| rAya mula kaMdani saarii| puSpa karaMDa bharI Avai, teha kAM rAya mokalyA chai vaaddii||5|| pUjA haTakesara vaDI, valyA nIsANe ghaau| nAgaNi karai vadhAmaNuMu pannaga karai ucchaah||6|| karai uchAha tihAM pantaga rAjA, vAsaga nAga teddaaviyaa| agara caMdana kapUra kastUrI homai, bhagati karaitihA~ bhaaviyaa|||7||

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100 agara caMdana kapUra kastUrI, phiriki saMjUtI tihAM bhrii| beuM kari jor3I pejali vInavai, pUjAhaTa kesari cddii||8|| iti prathama pUjA deharAbhara mAMDagI vidhi pUjopacAra AmnAya mAMDaNI vidhi vicAra saMbaMdha prathama saMpUrNa: smjniH|| atha prathama pavitra vAjoTha pATalaM apUrva mAMDIyai pAravAlI nai uttama jale karInai pachai kesara kapUra agara sUkar3i kastUrI e pAMca mizrita gozIrSa caMdanai karI nai pATala tathA bAjavaTai sAthIyau AlekhIyai pachai lIiTI 3 AlakhIyai aagli|| ne phUla kesara kapUrAdi pUjA sarva Upari caDAvaNI pachai zrIgurubhyo namaH zrIparama gurubhyo nmH|| zrI parApara gurubhyonmH|| zrI parameSTI gurubhyo nmH|| sarvAzA paripUrakAya zrImAn mahAgaNapati ciMtAmaNae namaH sakala vighnavallI vidhvaMzana kutthaaraay|| zrI siddhinaathaaynmH|| sivesimeM dehi svaahaa|| avirala madajala nivahaM, bhramarakalAneka sevita kapola abhimata phalaM dAtAraM, kAmezaM gaNapati vaMde svaahaa|| iti nAgarAja pUjana vidhiH|| / / zrI dhanvaMtaraye nmH|| pUraba dizi nava gamaNa pATaNa, uttarA vanahi mjhaari| lakSmIkaraNa rAjA pAradhi khelai, bahai turaMga pyaali| pAradhi pAyAli dvAri savi raMga miliyA jhilimili kuMDala kaani| ramaI jhIlaI milyAM aho viSa DaMka suNi ho Adi khaannii||1|| lakSmIkaraNa rAjA lIlAde rANI, aho viSa DaMka suNiho Adi khaannii||2|| kavaNa sukerI beTa kI kavaNa puruSa tau joi kAla kaMkor3a chai mAharo bhaaii| aho viSa DaMka suNiho Adi khaannii||3|| nArada RSi saMprAptA RSi bhaNIu ukaar| tihiM kara kaMkaNi bNdhio| aho viSa DaMka suNiho Adi khaannii| lakSmIkaraNa rAjA lIlAde raannii||4||

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101 aho viSa DaMka nArada RSi saMprAptA, RSi dIyau AzIrvAda / tumha kula hojyo beTa, dejyo pehuli nAma / / 5 // aho viSa DaMka suNiho Adi kahANI / lakSmIkaraNa rAjA lIlAde rANI // / aho viSa DaMka pehuli rAjA dharma nuM avatAra / Ahe viSa DaMka suNiho Adi kahANI || 6 || bhamarA rUpai tAlhaI uchalIu, roi lIlAdevi rANI / prIuDo dharaNIi DhalIu, bhamarA rupai tAlhai UchalIu // 7 // aho viSa DaMka suNiho Adi kahANI | lakSmIkaraNa rAjA, lIlAde rANI // 8 // lakSmIkaraNa rAjA pUchai padamini o kikio bhamaru ragata locana tAharu / tAlhai o vIrau bhamaralA rupai tAlhai ochalIo // 9 // pUraba divasi huMtu Avio vanamAlI, mAharau priuDuM Dasio nAgiNi kAlI bhamarA rUpe tAlhai ochalIu / / 10 / / rovai lIlAdevi rANI, vivarI vivarI kesa | mAMharau prIaDo lahuar3au, hUM piNi bAlI vesa / bhamarA rUpai tAlhai ochalIo // / 11 // anna pAna parihariA nIra, lakSmIkaraNa rAjA UThio, tUThau tAlhaI o dhIra / bhamarA rupai tAlhai o vIra // 12 // viSamAde rANI pUchai bAta, tamhe kima DasIyaDa aap| kharA nitunitu vaDualuM vADalI jAI / kArimi beriii, tAlhau nIpAi / / ||1| 11 viSamAde rANI pUchai bAta / saMketa maMtraH // atra punarapi bhogadeva pUjA karttavyAH // boraDI dekhI nai parIiSa hasIo, iala rUpai kari tAlhaga ddsiio|| viSamAde rANI pUchai bAta // 2 // ghaDIA joNI sAMDhaNI palhANuM, vegi kari dhanvaMtari ANuM / / viSamA de rANI pUchai baat||3||

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102 je jiNa bAMdhyA te tiNai chuutti| marai dhanvaMtari parIaSi khuutti|| viSamA de rANI pUchai baat||4| saMketa // 60 / / nAga loka mana harakhIA, mani bhAguM vissvaad| kuMjaharaNapura maMDaNuM, bharai tihAM rAuta bhaad||2|| cAli bhAda rAota bhArevA lAguM, nava graha pAya pdhaariaa| bhUmiu DaMka paDiu mahImaMDali, bhAda rAuta tihAM bhaariaa| khar3ahar3iyAM maMdira milyA sura nara deva daitya tiNi nirakhiA bhAda bhAraMtai pRthvI bhArI, nAga lokamana hrkhiiaa||3|| paardhi|| visaha nayaracA anaMta sAmI, vInatar3I avdhaari| kAMi tUM pRthvI bhArai sAmI, khAgala pATi bysaari|| cAli cAli vayasAri sAmI, aNaMta rAjA vegi karI tedd'aaviiaa| nakSatra mAlA trUTa par3isyai, caMda sUraja bebhaariiyaa|| viSa UlaTio taNai khAgali, kalii koi tivAra e ghUmiu DaMka paDiu mahimaMDalI, caMda sUraji veUM bhaare||4|| paardhi|| sIha nayara siNa gArIe, DaMka na kIjai vaaddh| savA koDi phaNa je viSaya rasai, kumara jina ghaMTa tADhi cAli ho|| dADha viSa varasevA lAguM, Aja kimai uugrsii| jima ghaMTa bhAratai ajIana bhArai tUM viSa tUTi mresi|| hAkai haNai vegi pacArai, kuMara jima ghaMTa bhaari| ATha aMga rudhyAM viSa torai, sIhanayara sinngaariiyi||5|| paardhi|| visahanayara thikunIkalai, visamuM ekala viir| viSa gAjai viSa gar3abar3ai, barasai DaMka sriir|| varasai DaMka sarIri aMgo maaMgai moddiii| nava kula nAga ekalai bhArayA guruDaiSajA toddiiaa|| chatrU koDi chaNedabhArayA, koDa bahutari naaginnii| sapata pAtAla dhika iM nArAyaNi visaha nayara thiku niiklii||6|| paardhi|| pArakhi rAya nayara rulIyAmaNuM DaMka na kIjai aali| kuMara pUchai mArIA, amogha sarovara paali|

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cAli ho cAli amogha sarovarapAli kUyarai chara bhaariaa|| bhaNai tihAM pehuli suNi ho dADhA, rAya nayara sinngaariaa||7|| paardhi|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM? kuMjaharaNa viSa ruaDalu desa nai vAralAkha anai triNha sai sai e| neha taNu rAjana nai bhaNii chai sesa bhai kuraMbha caDI prabhu aaviiyue| tAsa ghara gharaNIa lIlAdevi rANI naibhAdIo kuMara alIlaDau e| teNi pATaNi na siMgha talAra nai kAla corA navi sNvrie| tIha taNuM rAjanai bhaNIha chai sesa naI sa kuraMbhi caDI nai prabhu Aviyau e| cAli 2 // kuraMbha caDI rAjAdika aavio| kuMja haraNa pura mNddnnaa| bAraha lAkha nai triNisai gAmAM enuM desa ti tAnhaNApurara viSeha turIa haMsAra va iNi pari pehuti akkha e| pAe ToDara hAthi kaTAruM rAuta bhAda sbhaade| ikavIsa maMDalI eka tihaaN| harapAla chai aaglu| savA kor3i phaNa viSa ja varasai kuMja haraNapura maMDaNau pATaNa: tribhuvane nAsaMti viSa? visahara nayara viSa ruaDalaM desa nai caudaha lAkha nai sAta saI e teha taNA rAjAna deva anaMta nai guraDi caDI prabhu Aviyau e tAsa ghara gharaNI nai bhAvala devI rANI nai khAgala kumara AlIlaDaue teNi pATaNi achai sesa talAra nai kAla coro navi saMcarai e teha taNuM rAjA nai sUrijahaMsa te rathi caDhI nai prabhu Aviyau e|| cAli ho cAli ho cAli ratha caDI rAjA dika Ayu caDIya sArathi araNIA ratamai pATa jaDIA maannik| jai dhuri turIa sajoDIyA ahiThANa pATaNa sovanamai nagara saravarapurathI chAhIyA jAhar3a devI rANI kuMara jimaghaTa sapata pAtAlai samarI A? 34 pATaNa: tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha gaccha svaahaa:||3 daMsa haraNa viSa rUvaDalu desa nai caudaha lAkha anaiM ATha sai leha taNuM rAjAna nai tAhIo vIra nai riSabha caDI prabhu Aviyau e| tAsa ghara dharaNI nai viSamA devirANI nai ekula kumara AlIlaDaue teNi pATaNi sUrajitalAra nai kAla coro navi saMcarai e teha taNuM rAjAna nai tAlhaNa vIra nai vRSabha caDI nai prabhu Aviyau e| cAli cAli nai sovanamai caMca nai rUpa mai paMkha tehataNai vRSabha vAhaNA cauda lAkha AThasai gAmA ey desati tAlhaNA avaDha sArAvara vasaMta kUara vipra veda sa bahuguNA kosIsA maMdira ratane jaDIA hAra viSamAde rANIAM caudaha sai kalasa vArasai toraNa tAlha nayara pura cNgiiyaaN| eka vIsa SitrIya chai ekala vIra haMsa haraNa ati caMgI 35 paattnnH|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha gcch||

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104 rAyanagara ruaDalu desa naI asIi lAkha anai terasai e teha taNau rAjAna nai vAsiga rAonai savai sirI su prabhu Avio e| tAsa ghara gharaNIa nAgala devi rANI adUara kuMyara AlIlar3au e| teNi pATaNi chai tAlhaio talAra nai kAla coro navi saMcarai e| teha tau rAjAna nai vAsaga rAo nai zavasarI sau prabhu Aviyau e cAli ziva sarI su rAjAdika AvIo giruA guravara khaMDaNa paharaNai phAlI aMgi colI bahuta pAula pekhaNA bhIma mai eka mani hasI iNi pari bolaja akkhae asIa lAkha anai terasai jAmAM etA desava saMThae amuka sarovara pArijAta taruara kuara dUchara tihAM talai ekavIsa khitrI achai tihAM taNai rAya nayarapura bhiitr||36 paattnn:|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha re|| narapura pATaNa susIla sarovara niUa lAkha anai navasai e teha taNau rAjAna bhaNIi chai nIla nai saMdhi caDI prabhu AvIyau e tAsa ghara gharaNI nai sUDava de rANI nai pArikha kumara aaliildduNe| teNi pATaNi achai vAsiga talAra naI kAla coro navi saMcarai e| cAli re caalire|| siha caDI prabhu aaviiyo|| vATa voTa sasi khaMDaNA vAjaMti taMtI vikaTa bhuutii| are re paDaha tiha bAja nnaa| kaMsAla tAlaha vaMza kAhala nIla Agali vajjae suhavi devi rANI kuMara pArakhi madana silA tasa bhIti re| ekavI pitrI achai tiNi puri rAya nayara sabhItare 37 paattnnH|| tribhUvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha gcch|| khiti jala pavana nai teja AkAsi nai sUra nai sasihara brahmaputra nahIM tumhe bAlUyA ceta aceta nai tahIi eka taruara eka Adhi cAli re cAli Adi Adhii eka saruara mUla dRDha kari baddhao sura asura milyA tetrIsai tihitaj pArata nAdhau khita jala pavana nahI sasi sUraji alaMkAra pahUtau bhaNai te pehuli suNi ho jJAnI taruara dRDha kari baddhau 38 tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha gcch|| teNi teNi vRkSa nai dakSaNa disi DAla nai DAla bAMdhi pAlaNuM e puruSa eka pUThai chi| pUMarA mAtra nai sRSTi AraMbhaNa somani dharai e cAli cAli rere puruSa eka pAlaNai poMDhai sapata kalpAMtara sAMbharai Agama veda purANa vakhANai sukha samAdhi jIva mani dharai khiti jala pavana nahIM sisi sUraja pralaMkAra pahUtuM bhaNai ti pihuli suNi ho jJAnI kahu kisi kAraNi puruSa tihAMsUta u 39 tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN||

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105 trisi AkulIo duhaM disi jovai nai majha nai kAla velA bhai e AvatAM dekhai triNi jaNA anai strIa puruSa eka sAthi suNahar3I e cAli cAli strIa puruSa eka sAthi suNa hI SIro kati jharai e pacI rasoI suNiho jJAnI pehuli iNi pari bolai e pUrava disii dRSTi navi sUjhai baiTho var3a zAkhA cddii| bhaNai ti pehala suNiho jJAnI mArikaNDariSi sAMsai paDI tribhuvana nAsaMti visN|| kavaNa sADUMbaDI kavaNa sA DUMba nai kavaNa sA suNahar3I viSahara e hUM tumha pUchU chu jaMgama deva nai bhAMji saMdeha tUM brahma putro caali|| tumha gAnI viSai vAcA kAli kaahaannii| kAMi na saNuM cahuM yuga taNo Adi te jaannii|| pehuli iNi pari bolai thAvara jaMgama kavaNa guNahu tumha pUMchU sunnhdd'ii| achai jJAna tuM kahu vicArI kavaNa sA DUMba nai DUMbaDI 40 tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha gacchasvAhA sapa tapa sAgara bhItara dIpa eka achai nai dIpanI tari achai kusuma nyro| kusuMbha bhI varau kusaMbha bhItari kuNDa eka chai nai kuMDa bhItari silAkA kAcanI e kAlI kAlI caudisi rAti adha rAti nai kAla janama torau bhayu e kAlu kAlu kUkara kura kusuma nai vAna nai pAya khaNai mukha chiti karai e Uchau Uchau jaMgama bAlAlI laDaM uMnAla nai bAla liu vRkSi tali nAMkhiyau e tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM rAtu rAtu sarovara rAtilI pAli nai rAtaluM jala tihAM nIpajai e rAtuM rAtuM pATaNa rAtaluM rAjA nai rAtuM siMhAsaNa chai baisaNai e| rAtA rAtA locana ragati gali hAra nai rAtI gadA so kari dhrie| vAru vAru AraMgade kaMta tumhArau nai ADI javAharar3I kAMi car3ai e|| huM caDisuM vAhar3I sukari susaMvAda nai abhinava parIkSA bholA viyau e| gavarI pUchai chai suNi jaganAtha nai prithavIya sisiu halAi yau e| tAlhaie AM dhanvantari hUo saMvAda nai dhUNAhar3a viSa dhar3ahar3ai e| dAkai DUMgara uTakai vAsa nai meru zikhire viSa parajalai e 41 tribhuvane nAsaMti viSa gaccha gaccha aho viSa amRta bhaNI kAMi na jAu nai mAna sarovara taNuM jala UThaMu DaMka mAna sarovara jAu nai ANu nai kamala sovana mai e| suvarNa mai kamalaM sugaMdha bahu gaMdhA sura tetrIsai vAMdIyA sarga gaMgA hemA jala pANI tiNi odaki otapanImA re re kAla ceti DaMka sUiti nirbhrN|| uttama jala vakhANIi jaMgama pekhivi mAna sarovaraM 42 tribhuvane nAsaMti viss|| mAnasa sarovara gaMgo cu pravAha nai eka DaMka vahai pUraba disai e sUra tetrIsai karai samAna nai UTha UTha DaMka nayaNe na perivasi UThau aMga pakhAlIi

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106 RSa tapa sAjhai teNai sarovari vAMdai saMjhaM trikAlIi amara cAU suNi ho zaMkara bhASita cAu sarovara khiii| channu kor3i phajiMda nAhai kor3i bahuttari nAgaNi nAhai 43 tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN|| rara draha gaMgai sura nara iMdra nai gurama goviMda nai dITha sare te sara pAlihi haNamaMta hAka tai kAla cetana cetaio zazi jharaharai e| sesa usesahiMitahaM karanai kAla kopa nIvAriyai e| zravaNa saMkitai suNi ho zaMkara UThavi UdakadivArI e harihara brahmA nara iMdra seva karai neha te sara UThI UThI DaMka udaka divAka Aja pitA hannu tumha paraM 44 tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN||ch|| cAhi re cAhi nidrApaNa bhAjI nai AchA tuM divA kAla kahANI nai tUM divA huMkAra nai brahma jagAvai nai brahma putra vadI jJAnI SimI bAdhAkAla kahANI kAni suNai sola kalA zazikara jharai bindu varasai bahuguNa AchA dina udhAr3i DaMka na gahi sUsa nitu nirabharaM vidacyAri varavANe ho Rju yayu sAma athavraNaM 45 tribhuvane nAsaMti viss||ch|| kanakAdaMtI nagarIyaM taNu nai pravesa nai kAla kalpa liMga vAcIyai e| teha liMga deula dAriva duAri nai hara hara kesari pUjiyai e teha liMga deula dAkhi duAri nai Adi nIla mahasaraM ekala mUrati cAhiM jaMgama soija brahma hara haraM karadharI UThAr3i kala kAha tuM nirbhrN| uttama jala vakhANi ho jaMgama pekhani mAna sarovaraM 46 / / tribhuvane nAsaMti viss||ch|| amRta nai suNi viSa liMga OMkAra nai rasana mai khacita siva jala hIri e| karai derAsira vAsiga rAu nai ANi na gaMgA jlN| putra ANi vegi khevi malA visivAra nai ANa nIrasa nirbhrN| sahasa phaNi maNi liMga pUjA kuMbha bhari gaMga jlN| DhAli gADU rAi Isara rAjA pUjai hrihrN| brahma jJAnI dhyAnali cUkU pekhavi nAmala devrN|| 47 tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN||ch|| khIra khaMDa madhu dadhi ghRta leI, anai ANi paMcAmRta brahma putra khIri nhavaNa haTakesara deva naI karai pAyAla taNu rAu caali|| pAyAla pannaga rAja pahutA, jaMgama vIra nivaariyaa| vIra vaMse vIraghaMTa vAjai nAganavakula caaliyaa| Avarti paDIo DaMka jIvai khayaM Ao ghaNa varasai sola kalA sasihara jhri| tuM tu sivapura sUnu kima karai 4 tribhuvane nAsaMti viSa gaccha gaccha mRgamada caMdana agara aNAvau nai kapUri karAvaM AratI e| karai deharAsara vAsiga rAo nai dIThau pAyAla tyA hAM sahasa phnnuN| sahasa phaNAmaNi liMga pUjuM dIThau dulla ho| trihu devi mUrati deva deve dAdhiau

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107 DhAli gADU rAya Isara rAya pUjai hrihrN| brahmajJAnI dhyAna na cUkuM pakhavi deharAsara varaM 49 tribhuvane nAsaMti visNgch| bhArai bhArai vasa haraNa kerI nAri nai avaDha sarovara pAlar3I e dAjhai dAjhai jalacara jala hamajhAri ni|| jalaNi jalai sari padamini e| nAli kamala siuM padamiNi dAjhai nai viSamA devi jaMpai sura nara indra marai indrAsaNa caudasa bhuvana viSa kaMpai UlaTiUM marala brahmANDa cilauMgai gaganaMtari DAlar3I vasa haraNa kI nArI bhArai avaDhi sarovara paaldd'ii||50|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN|| sadAbhAra viSa kuMDala kAni nai viSamala kaMcuo cUDilu e nIlA lAhala kaMkaNa hAra nai naha sati vITI viSa jharai e|| cAli jharai nahasati nisuNi vAlA tAlhaNi kuMara kaaminii| nisuNi jaMgama paDsi aMgama bhaNai pAyAlaha saaminii| jasa pAya neura raNajhaNokAra kAraNi mAraga ruaDUo savA bhAraviSa kuMDala kAne viSa mala kaMcU cuuddiluN||51|| tribhuvane vAsaMti viSaM truTi truTi svaahaa:|| nayaNe kAjala mukhihitaM bola nai kurala keza motI jaDyA e| pATi sindUra nai oDhaNi ghATa nai viSa bhari cAlI padamiNi e| caali|| viSa narA nai devi cAlI kAminI kamala sukari lIyA kuraMga nayaNI madhura vayaNI sakala vANa sugaMdhIA kapola maMDala bhamai dIsai, teji tribhuvana DAriA zrRMgAra kari naiM devi cAlI nayana kAjala saarii||52|| sAta sakhI mili karai zRMgAra nai vaMza haraNapuri saMcarai e||53|| tribhuvane nAsati visN|| sovana muMdraDI jhabakai chai te sivi hema tAsu aDita vAhA hI e| ekala kumara uchaMgii puDhIo kAne kuMDala ratana mai e cAli 2 // ratana mai kuMDala kAni jhabakai teNi tribhuvana taariaa| sura asura milIA tetrIsai caui bhuvana viSu vArIyA rAjA taNI vAcA lei pihali nAga navakula viSa vArIA ehasa keta suNi ho jaMgama mAMda rAutta bhariNA ddiiaa||54|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN||ch|| bAlI bAlI prIar3A bAkara khela nai khiNi eka jAgai khiNi prIa sUi e dIvaDau prIar3au visahara DasIo nai nava yovana nava neha bhAva caali|| visahara DasIu kaMta seja chAMDI dharaNI dliio| rUThau kAla kRtaant| aMgo aMgai melavai mukha taMvola naleti hA hA deva dayA maNI vAkara kima khrNti||55|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha 2 / / hAra neura kara kaMkaNa bhAMjai nai ora nakhi phAr3ai chai kaMcUo e

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108 karala kesa dhUNai sA bAlI nai pAna phUla savi prIsiuM gayA e hAhA deva aNAha sasi vayaNIa sAMbhali prI puSya vayaNa tiNi ThAi phATai nahI AvaghraMbhi satta khaMDa kimi na thAi nAnhaDIA huM koi na mUI bAlA paNa kujha muuaaN| dukha na dekhata prIa taNuM visahara ghaMgha lI aah||56|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN||chH|| rovai rovai bAlIa viraha karAlIa prIa biNa dhaDIya ma jIvaNuM e sohaga suMdara mAharau bahu guNavaMta nai kahu sakhI mai aparAdha kIo e cAli i|| kahu sakhI mai aparAdha kIdhau kahuM je bhari nirabhara tthaai| bAlai yovana taruNa paNi maiM bAMbhaNa haNIA gAi kai mai pIpala chediA, kai saro phoDI pAli raMgai ramatAM nisiha bhari, mujha prIuDo DasIu kaali||57|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN|| sakhIya bhaNai sakhI sarovara jAo nai aMga pakhAlu nai aMjala dIyau e huM na jAu sarovara aMga na pakhAluM na kaMThana melhuM mA harA prIya taNuM e caali|| kaMTha na melhuM prIa taNuM deva melhApai maaNdd| loka mAMhisayo maNI jaNa jaNa tamAsai raadd| avasara mehalu ekaluM sarasI sivapura jaauuN| kai prIaDA siuM mahi maMDalai miliuM kai sAthai sipurjaasiuN||58|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viss||chH|| vAlI bAlI visahara lAgu ho deva nai kAlu bhuyaMgama priu DasIu e| sira hosu prIya samu tila tila dehaja bAlauM vADhI kae tala karuM jUnuA muhata visahara TIlAM astrI hatyA brahma hatyA bAla hatyA visa Doli pAsI jAli suhaMtA tAsa na sAdhu bAlI vesa ho bAli haa||59|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN| chH|| bAlI re bAlI re page lei bayaThAM nai sAtha na melhisu prIya taNuM e karu sajAyI malAvi siu vAra nai muMDa guMthAvaM sahI toDarue mahI tasa moDara mUMDa guMthAuMe caraNAmRta aNAvaM sUkaDi sonuM anai sAvaTU garatha bhaMDAra ughAr3o teDAIM brAhmaNa dAna devaaruN| dhAna dei jali paisuM huM tumha prIUr3A sAtha na melhao bAlI pada lei mrsi||60|| tribhuvane naa|| pahiri pahiri caraNA nai oDhaNi ghATaM nai aragha deU deva sUraji juhAra nai sura tetrIsaha tihAM milie| bhera bhuMgala saMkha mAdala nAda nIsANe savi milyA e| hari hari bhaNatI jamahi vicAlI rUpa tribhuvana mAha e| haMsaga maNi hIi malapaMtI pahiraNi caraNA soha e||6|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM gaccha gcch|| ter3au navakula nAga cAlu payAli bhadra pAlaka lAgaibihu jaNa taNA e| kAMi rAkhu rAkhu

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109 bAlIa ami bharatAra nai jima jagi hui ajuvAlaDaM eM pAtaka lAgai bahu taNuM kAhaM DaMka jgaave| ahi vaMzamAMhe tAlha balavaMta amIya kalasa lei aave| sata pramANi suNe o vAsiga bAlI kaMta kutthaaviio||62|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN| puhavali pehuli jai dhara dhorI nai dhavala caMda ghara kAMi sUi e sajala loka bahu ati ghaNA miliA nai bahu saukhuM kAMi jhUrai e bahUa saikhaM kAMi phurai hutu phaNa pati rAo dhavala caMdradhara kAMi sUi UThIo kAmaNi manihi uchAha ghari ghari kUDI nai maMgala cyAri nai ThAmi ThAmi vadhAvaNuM e tAlIA toraNa vanamAli nai motI rA coka pUrAviyAu e||63|| tribhuvane nAsati viss||chH|| kheilai pATaNa vasai sonAra nai saMkalI ghaDAviNi prIyu gyue| sAMkalI ghar3AvatAM lAgI vaDI vAra nai hAra ghaDAvatAM nisi bhai e sAMkalI ghaDAvI prIyar3au mAragi cAliu nai kAlIa nAgiNi prIar3au DasIue thirathira prIar3A tuM kAyara ma hoi je jaba lagai cAhuMthIa gArur3I e| jAi joUM tihAMvali satari sahasa gujarAti nai aDhAra lAkha nai bANuM mAlaq e cAha jovaMtI soI doi jaNa milIA nai eka ziMkara bIju sahasa phaNu zaMkara baiThau tihAM jaMpai chai jApana sahasa phaNuM nAma amRta jhrie||64|| tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN|| vAlIA veda jiNa jAlI holakA Adi saMketa nusuNi ho DADhA vAlIA jai re jaMgama vAlU A ceta aceta Adi saMketa nu suNi na saceta vAlI veda vAlIo dhIraja kAla kUTa viSa jhaMpai vAjIa lahari viSa tribhuvana kaMpai vAlIA ve strI rUpai tAlhaNa Aviu vAjIA lahari viSa trihu aNa chAyuM vAlIA kupiu tAlhaNa jiNi saMkhUo bhAgu uDio guruDa viSa gagani vijaNU bAlIA veda jiNi jAlIo lNkaa|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM. / / bAlI vesa prIyaDaure tAlhaNa dei ahi raat| UbhI kAmaNi vila vilai re jima rAyAMgaNe bhATa jimarAyAMgaNi bhATa tima vAnara vichohii|| kavaNa jarAkhai rAo rANA ghUmio nAha par3iumahI maMDaNa ruMdhyA cyAre gaatr| tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM. caMdana colI jauri bhIjai AMsU nIra prvaah| viSa AThe aMge saMcario prIar3o laharai jaai| niThura nayaNe na joiyai haMsa gamaNi mRga nayaNi muMdha madhura sari rovai hIar3au moru aas| na maMDai priya jima hari jAi caMdana colI tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN|

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jumai josI babhaNa ghAyA, tau prIya pahutu kAli / kai pIpala mai chediA, kai sara phor3I pAli / kai mai hara mAla utArI kaMta bhayaMgama DasIu / nAha mujha dukha vilagaumArI kUM kUM kajala sira siMdUra uri Utariu hAra kii mai josI baMbhaNa mAryA tUM prIu DasI kAli | | tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM / / morI morI beTakI mAjhima rAti nai kAMma bhuMaMgami DasIuli e / pAMca sAta milI sakhI samANI nai DaMka vidhAtA devI mana hasI e / goviMda garur3a gAmI upacAra bhalauM kihaviSa brahmA miu e / morI morI dvArakA pATaNi zrI kRSNa rAjA sola sahasa aMteri rANI sAThi lAkha kUarA chai paridamo rAjA bhari bhari tUM Are DaMka na bharaie gorI gorI hAtha poaNa pAna nai Upari jaMbU abala sakhI mokalIya o svAmi pAsa tAsa trIya taNA vacana mokalIo chai svAmI pAse tIsa trIyataNA vacana saMbhArau par3a par3a tuM Are DaMka nA par3ar3a morI morI saraga bhavana hUMtau balavaMti ANI o aMgaNai sepio paarijaato| 110 tAsa vRkSa tali saMketa bhailA mAri mAri ra DaMka nara marai e morI morI tribhuvane nAsaMti vissN| kaThi UTha re DaMka mama lAyasi kheva devakI naMdana gurar3a gAmI eha AyA sura asura milyA samudra viloyu / cauda ratana amUlika nIkalio e / kAma deha zaMkari viraha viSa mArIlA trIsa kror3i devatA amRta pAyA UTha UTha pannaga peravatAM jiNioM amRta ANIo tu aMga bhojana karai paMkhIya rAo tAsa vAhaNi purANa puruSottama tribhuvana nAyaka ApaNa pai devi dhAyA / UTha UThi jAsa calaNe lAgI tribhuvana pAvanI surasurI gaMgA sadA vahai tAsa darasaNi mani dhyAna dharatI samaraNa karaMtA tribhuvana pAtaka nAsai UTha UThi goviMda vaMdAvanI dazana kiraNA olI kRpAM komalA svAmI vrata jhAlI tAsa vacacabhaNatAM amIya kalasa bharIA zrRMga trilocana DaMka Upara kalaza DhAlIA UThi UThi / tribhuvane nAsaMti viSaM / / doSa pakha bAjI guraDa puhatA tribhuvana bhaya ninAda jAsa taNI hAkai tribhuvana kaMpai re bharama bhAgau bharatAra doSa paMtha || aradha UpanuM kAzipa RSinuM svAmI bAla paNai kSudhAUpanI bhojana dyau pazcima disai papIyA sarovara vara gaja kuMbha / ti pAThAi dukha paMkha / / RSi nA vacana zravaNe suNI puhatA sarovara pAli triNi puruSa teNai jANyA te DarIo mana mAMhi guraDa bhaNai amhe kima na bahuM kai payasu pAyAli dukha paMkha vAjIA ekaNi kari kuMbha lIore baiTho vRkSaha DAli zAkhA bhAjai nai RSi pukArai uDi gayuM AgAsi dukha pakhA rasa khaMcI nai ravi tihAM

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111 rahIo rAha tehanau aNagAli gurar3a bhaNai paMkhIo sAmI nyAni nihAli nihAli gurar3a bhaNai amho bhojana karisyAM baiThA ari AdhAri doSa paMkha vAjIA saraga bhavana hUo holA har3alau dhAka amIha kaaji|| asura nAga sura namIA paiThaH ThaH kuNDamAMhi amIa dhAra ghaNa va (da) rasaNa lAgI UThi DaMkanI jisi jI dukha paMkha vA tribhUvane nAsaMti viss|| sola varasa kI gorar3I, bIsa varasa kuM naah| pavaNa nizi para DasIo, caMda galiu jima raah|| caMda galiu ujima rAha, nAha kumilANA nynnaa| rAkhi rAkhi ho tAlha kumAra, hUM zaraNA gata toraa| vIra (sa) varasa ku nAha, sola barasa kI agani aMgUThai laagii| kabi laga jAi kapAli jAgai prIa sUi bejaNa paDIA jaMjAli alaju aMgi mujha bharatAri kavaNa jo rAjai rAya raannaa| rAkhi rAkhi ho tAlhaNa kumAra huM saraNAgata bhArI mujha ahi ghAta uuaari| agani aMgUThae laagii| kadi lagai jAi kpaali| eka kAmaNi aura bAlI vichohI bhrtaar| DaMka taNai siri varisi tAlhaNa abhIa sNcaari| rAkhi rAkhi ho tAlha kumaar| mujha prIu marai akhUTai vAjai lahari viSa ghaaNgh| tAlhaNa valatuM rudana karai mukha ghAu mUMkai hauM bhAU haTAlI vicho bharatAra eka kAmiNi ura bAlI DAka siuM DAka vAjai bahu kAMsI jhmkaar| caMdrarohiNI miliu, dhaNi miliu bhrtaar| takhika rAu tUThaDa DhAlI amI gayau viSa chaaNddii| aMka taNai siri tUThau UThiu tAlhaNa hUi sNti| mUdhi maMgala tihAM chAjai, bahu kAMsI jhamakAra DAka DamarU bahu vaaji|| tribhuvane nAsaMti viss|| iti nAga vidyA sNpuurnnaaH| DaMka Upari kesara sUkaDi kapUra kastUrikAdi lAvaNA puSpa caDhAvaNA bhoga pracura akhevnnaa| guru pUjAdi bhagati krvii| iti vidhAnAt siddhi naanythaa| OM hrA~ zrI~ jhbAM jhvI jhv:| zrI takSakAya namaH svaahaa|| saM0 53 varSe vaizAkha sita 14 tithau| OM namo Adeza guru kuN|| eka palaka dopala palIA varaNyaM jhADu mahamada baMDhIyA tIna bhuvana kA leUM vicha chIna gajathavara dRkkara dauM tIna tIna Takkara tIna tAla jA jAre viSa samada pAtAla batIse batIse raMga eka battIse moDe aMga eka battIse dADhaja bharai savA lAkha bhAra viSa vasa karai viSa vAsai te AyA vIra naravAna kiyA saba zarIra Dhola ke viSa zabada viss| __ sarpa ke jahara utarane ke maMtra (1) OM namo nAga vAsakI sAta samudra pavana pAtara viSa ghola saMkara nAtha tumho suNau kAmI Achai Achai trAMbA kuMDI bharI ANuM pANI muM viSa kuMpA dharama kI AjJA viSa pAtAla jA brahma jA vAra rAsI zivA jA zaMkara jA na khoja nAva cakho cakha Utari nahIM to mAthai mArUM triNa TAkara morI bhakti guru kI zakti phuraiH (iNa maMtrai vAra 108 pANI maMtrI hAtha rA nakha paga rA nakha tAluau chAMTI mAthai TAkara 3 mArIjai bAkI pANI pAijai sarapa viSa Utarai)

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112 aMcalagacche merutuMgasUri AmnAya vaDanagare sarpa viSa utArI zrAvaka kiyau tiko AmnAya chai| 2) OM klyU~ va~ hA~ kraoN kSI hau~ klI blU~ drA~ drauM jvAlAmAlini! jhaMkAriNi! vaSaM nirviSaM kuru kuru sthAvara viSaM nirviSaM kuru kuru sthAvara viSaM jaGgamaM jATharaM yogajaM apahara apahara maNDakaM amRtena siJjaya utthApaya daNDenA kramya viSama viSaM ThaHThaH ThaH svaahaa| __ jisa vyakti ko sarpa ne daMza diyA ho usake mApa kA hI daNDa lekara use isa maMtra se sAta bAra maMtrita karanA aura usake dvArA daMzita vyakti ke sabhI sAMdhAoM para tAr3ana karanA arthAt ve Ubhe ho jAte haiM usI prakAra 'OM kraoN gro mR Tha:Tha:ThaH' isa maMtra se jala dhArA dene se daMzita vyakti Ubhe (khar3e) ho jAtA hai| mahA prAbhAvika uvasaggahare tetra caMdrAvalI 7-viSamaviSanigrahakkarayaMtra pA Nex - . . .

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jainadharma, saMskRti aura kalA ke vikAsa meM gaMga, rASTrakUTa aura cAlukya rAjavaMzoM kA yogadAna pro0 bhAgacandra jaina 'bhAskara jainadharma, saMskRti aura kalA ke vikAsa meM gaMga, rASTrakUTa aura cAlukya rAjavaMzoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| dakSiNApatha (narmadA nadI ke dakSiNavartI bhU-bhAga) para karnATaka pradeza meM kaTavapra parvata para sthita zravaNabelagola kSetra ke vikAsa meM gaMgavaMzIya narezoM kA vizeSa yogadAna rahA hai| anuzruti ke anusAra isa vaMzakA sambandha tIrthaGkara AdinAtha ke ikSvAkuvaMzIya gaMgeya se rahA hai jisakI vaMza-paramparA meM janme padmanAtha ke putra daddiga aura mAdhava kroMguNivarma prathama (189-250 I0) ne AcArya siMhanandi kI dekharekha meM 96000 saMjJaka gaMgavADi (maisUra ke dakSiNI bhAga meM sthita gaMgaDikAra yA gaMgavADikAra) ko apanA rAjya bnaayaa| daddiga to zAsana-nirmANa-kAla meM hI cala bsaa|' ata: mAdhava ko hI isa rAjya kA prathama vAstavika nareza kahA jA sakatA hai| gaMgarAjya ke nirmANa meM AcArya siMhanandi kI bhUmikA niHsandeha mahattvapUrNa rahI hai| zravaNabelagola ke samIpastha halligrAma se prApta zilAlekha meM unheM gaMgarAjya kA nirmAtA kahA gayA hai (jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, kramAMka 486, pR0 382) / pArzvanAtha vasadi meM eka stambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha bhI isa tathya kI puSTi karatA hai (vahI, krama 54, padya 9) / maisUra rAjya ke antargata kallUraguDDa ke siddhezvara mandira se prApta zilAlekha (1122 I0) meM gaMgarAjya kI sthApanA kA zreya AcArya siMhanandi ko hI diyA gayA hai| ujjaina ke nareza mahIpAla ke AkramaNa se trasta hokara padmanAbha ne apane donoM patra daddiga aura mAdhava ko dakSiNa kI ora bheja diyaa| vahA~ perUra meM unakI bheMTa AcArya siMhanandi se huii| siMhanandi ne unheM pUrA sahayoga diyaa| donoM rAjakumAroM ne unake nirdezAnusAra padmAvatI devI kI bhakti kii| usane unheM prakaTa hokara talavAra aura rAjya pradAna kiyaa| tadanantara siMhanandi ne unheM isa prakAra zikSA dI_ 'yadi tuma apane vacana ko pUrA na karoge, yA jina zAsana ko sahAyatA na doge, dUsaroM kI striyoM kA yadi apaharaNa karoge, madya-mAMsa kA sevana karoge yA nIcoM kI *. parva-nidezaka. pArzvanAtha vidyApITha.

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114 saMgati meM rahoge, Avazyaka hone para dUsaroM ko apanA dhana nahIM doge aura yadi yuddha ke maidAna meM pITha dikhAoge to tumhArA vaMza naSTa ho jaayegaa|' isI zilAlekha meM isa rAjya kA vistAra bhI diyA huA hai- 'ucca nandagiri unakA kilA thaa| kuvalAla rAjadhAnI thii| 96 hajAra dezoM para Adhipatya thaa| nirdoSa jinendradeva unake devatA the| yuddha meM vijaya hI unakA sAthI thaa| jainamata unakA dharma thA aura daddiga tathA mAdhava bar3e prema ke sAtha pRthvI kA zAsana karate the (vahI, bhAga 2, lekha kramAMka 297) / udayendiram tathA kuccalU ke dAnapatra bhI isa ghaTanA kA ullekha karate haiN| eka anya zilAlekha ke anusAra mAdhava ne siMhanandi kI AjJA se usa zilAstambha ko apanI kRpANa ke eka hI bAra se kATa DAlA jo sAmrAjya kI devI ke praveza mArga ko avaruddha kiye hue thaa| uparyukta sabhI zilAlekha bArahavIM zatAbdI ke haiM jabaki gaMgarAjya dUsarI se gyArahavIM zatAbdI taka hI rahA hai| lagatA hai, cUMki samUcA gaMgarAjya jainadharma kA prArambha se anta taka anuyAyI rahA hai aura usane jaina saMskRti kA pracAra-prasAra kara janakalyANa kiyA hai, isalie usake samApta hone para bhI janamAnasa gaMga rAjAoM kA vismaraNa nahIM kara skaa| kisI ke astitva meM na rahane para bhI yadi koI usakI satkArya-gAthA gAtA hai to vahI vAstavika mUlyAMkana kahA jAnA caahie| luIrAIsa ne isa prAcIna paramparA ko svIkArA hai aura sAletora ne zilAstambha kI ghaTanA ko bauddhadharma se jor3A hai (maisUra gajeTiyara, 110308-10, miDivala jainijma, pR0 15) / sambhava hai, bauddhadharma siMhanandi ke kAla meM dakSiNa meM lokapriya ho gayA ho aura mAdhava ne usake sthAna para jainadharma ko lokapriya banAyA ho| gaMgavaMza kI prathama rAjadhAnI maisUravartI pAlAra nadI ke taTa para sthita kuvalAla (kolAra) thii| bAda meM use mAdhava ke prapautra harivarmana ne kAbera nadI ke taTa para sthita talakADa meM sthAnAntarita kiyA aura phira zrIpuruSa ne mAnyapura (beMgalora ke samIpa) ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| harivarman ke bhAI Aryavarman tathA kRSNavarman ne isa vaMza kI kramaza: perUra aura kaivAra zAkhA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| isake bAda harivarmana ke putra viSNugopa, viSNugopa ke putra pRthvIgaMga, pRthvIgaMga ke putra taDaMgala mAdhava 'tRtIya' aura taDaMgala mAdhava ke putra avinIta koguNi (400-482 I0) kramaza: rAjA hue| avinIta eka parAkramI aura dharmAtmA nareza thaa| vijayakIrti usake rAjaguru the| usane apane putra durvinIta kI zikSA-dIkSA sambhavata: AcArya devanandi pUjyapAda (464-524 I0) ke sAnidhya meM kraayii| pUjyapAda talakADu kI pradhAna jaina basadi ke pradhAna bhI the| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha (kramAMka 105/254) ke anusAra pUjyapAda kA prAthamika nAma devanandi thA, jo unake guru ne diyA thaa| buddhi kI prakarSatA aura gambhIratA ke kAraNa unheM jinendrabuddhi kahA jAtA thaa| jaba se devatAoM ne unakI caraNa vandanA kI taba se ve pUjyapAda ho gye| pUjyapAda ke

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115 atirikta isa samaya taka gaMgavaMza ke zAsanakAla meM vIradeva, uccAraNAcArya, vappadeva, zivavarman, yazobhadra, prabhAcandra, zrIdatta, kavi parameSThi Adi jaise mahAn jainAcArya ho cuke the| durvinIta (482-522 I0) gaMgavaza kA kadAcit sarvAdhika zaktizAlI jaina nareza thaa| usane pallavoM, kadamboM tathA vAnoM ko yuddha meM parAjita kiyaa| vaha svayaM vidvAn thA aura vidvAnoM kA Adara karane vAlA thaa| pUjyapAda usake guru aura bhAravi usake darabArI kavi the| usane svayaM bRhatkathA kA saMskRta rUpAntaraNa kiyA thaa| vidvAn aura zaktisampanna hone ke bAvajUda uttarakAla meM usake uttarAdhikAriyoM para cAlukya-narezoM ne kucha samaya ke liye Adhipatya jamA liyaa| phira bhI gaMgavaMza ko nAmazeSa nahIM kiyA jA skaa| lagabhaga 200 varSoM taka vaha saMgharSa karatA rhaa| bAda meM rASTrakUTa aura cAlukyoM ke bIca hue AkramaNoM ne gaMganareza zrIpuruSa (726-776 I0) ko zakti kendrita karane meM kAphI sahayoga diyaa| zrIpuruSa ne pallava, pANDaya, vANa Adi narezoM ko parAjita kara unase rAjanaitika sambandha prasthApita kiye| zravaNabelagola prazasti meM isake zAsanakAla meM hue katipaya AcAryoM kA ullekha milatA hai| unameM pramukha haiM- prabhAcandra, vimalacandra, paravAdimalla, puSpasena, anantakIrti 'prathama', bRhad anantavIrya, vidyAnandi aadi| ina AcAryoM ne karnATaka pradeza meM rahakara jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti kA bharapUra pallavana kiyaa| AcArya vidyAnandi ne 'zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra' kI racanA zrIpura ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM zrIpuruSa ke samakSa hI kI thii| zrIpuruSa ke bAda zivamAra dvitIya' (776-815 I0) tathA rAcamalla satyavAkya 'prathama' (815-853 I0) rAjA hue| vidyAnandi ne ina donoM ke bhI Azraya meM rahakara apanI sAhitya sarjanA kii| zivamAra 'dvitIya' ne zravaNabelagola kI candragiri pahAr3I para eka sundara jinAlaya bhI banavAyA thaa| candranAtha vasadi ke pAsa se prApta eka patthara para kanar3a meM 'sivamArana vasadi' aMkita hai (jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 327) / uttarakAla meM zivamAra ko rASTrakUTa narezoM se parAjaya kA muMha dekhanA pdd'aa| phalataH vaha unakA sAmanta bana gyaa| kahA jAtA hai vaha amoghavarSa 'prathama' (814-877 I0) kA paMcamahAzabdadhArI mahAmaNDalezvara thA (jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga 2, lekha naM0 182) / gaMgavaMza kI eka anya zAkhA meM pRthvIpati prathama aparAjita bhI eka parAkramI jaina zAsaka rahA jisake guru AcArya ariSTanemi the| ye vahI ariSTanemi haiM jinake samAdhimaraNa ke avasara para pRthvIpati apanI rAnI kampilA ke sAtha zravaNabelagola ke kaTavapra parvata para upasthita hue the| gaMgavaMza aba punaH utkarSa kI ora bar3hane lgaa| rAcamalla satyavAkya ne bANa nareza ko parAjita kiyA, pallavoM tathA rASTrakUToM ke sAtha pArivArika sambandha sthApita kara unheM mitra bnaayaa| nItimArga (853-870 I0) ne bhI yahI nIti apnaayii| tadanantara

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rAcamalla satyavAkya 'dvitIya' (870-907 I0), mahendrAntaka (907-920 I0), rAcamalla satyavAkya 'tRtIya' (920-938 I0), butuga 'dvitIya' (938-953 I0), maruladeva (953-961 I0) tathA mArasiMha pallavamalla (961-974 I0) rAjA hue| ina rAjAoM kA pArivArika sambandha rASTrakUToM se adhika rahA hai| butuga 'prathama' to amoghavarSa 'prathama' kA dAmAda hI thaa| ina logoM ne milakara veMgI ke cAlukyoM se saMgharSa kiyaa| rAcamalla 'dvitIya' ko coloM ke viruddha aneka yuddha karane pdd'e| rASTrakUTa ina gaMga narezoM ko apanA adhInastha sAmanta samajhate the| para tathya yaha hai ki 'gaMga' hI rASTrakUToM ke saMrakSaka siddha hue haiN| ___ gaMgarAja mArasiMha bar3A pratApI rAjA thaa| zravaNabelagAla ke kUge brahmadevastambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha (naM0 38 (59)) meM kahA gayA hai ki mArasiMha ne rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNarAja 'tRtIya' ke liye gurjara deza ko jItA, kRSNarAja ke vipakSI alla kA mada cUra kiyA, vindhya parvata kI talI meM rahane vAle kirAtoM ke samUhoM ko jItA, mAnyakheTa meM nRpa kRSNarAja ke senA kI rakSA kI, indrarAja 'caturtha' kA abhiSeka karAyA, pAtAlamalla ke kaniSTha bhrAtA vajjala ko parAjita kiyA, vanavAsI nareza kI dhana-sampatti kA apaharaNa kiyA, mATUra vaMza kA mastaka jhukAyA, nolamba kula ke narezoM kA sarvanAza kiyA, kADuvaTTi jisa durga ko nahIM jIta sakA thA, usa uccAGga durga ko svAdhIna kiyA, zavarAdhipati naraga kA saMhAra kiyA, cola nareza rAjAditya ko jItA, tApI-taTa, mAnyakheTa, gonara, uccaGgi, vanavAsi va pAbhase ke yuddha jIte evaM cera, cola, pANDya, aura pallava narezoM ko parAsta kiyaa| isalie dharma mahArAjAdhirAja, dharmAvatAra, jagadekavIra, mANDalika trinetra, nolambakulAntakadeva, gaMgavidyAdhara, gaMgacUr3AmaNi Adi virudoM se vaha alaMkRta thaa| vaha jainadharma kA parama bhakta thaa| usake utthAna ke liye usane aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye tathA aneka jina mandira aura mAnastambha bhI bnvaaye| anta meM yaha bhI likhA hai ki usane antima kAla meM rAjya kA parityAga kara ajitasena bhaTTAraka ke pAsa tIna divasa taka sallekhanA vrata kA pAlana kara baMkApura meM dehotsarga kiyaa| kuDaulUra dAnapatra meM bhI use jinabhakta tathA darzana, sAhitya aura vyAkaraNa kA paNDita batAyA gayA hai| usake zrutaguru brAhmaNa zrIdhara bhaTTa ke putra jainAcArya muJjArya vAdidyamaMgala bhaTTa the| mArasiMha ke bAda gaMgarAjya kA hrAsa prArambha ho gyaa| cAlukyoM aura coloM ne apanI zakti bar3hAnA prArambha kara diyA tathA rASTrakUTa vaMza samAptaprAya ho gyaa| mArasiMha aura usake putra rAcamalla 'caturtha' (976-84 I0) ke mantrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ke kAraNa isa vaMza ne amaratA prApta kara lii| gaMga itihAsa ke liye yaha sandhyAkAla thA, phira bhI cAmuNDarAya kI vIratA aura bhakti ne gaMgarAjya ke itihAsa meM eka nayA adhyAya jor3a diyaa|

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117 rAcamalla ke bAda usake anuja govinda kA putra rAkkasagaMga (985 I0) rAjA huaa| bAhubalI basati (zravaNabelagola) ke utkIrNa abhilekha meM ullikhita rakkasamaNi (gaMgavajra) rAkkasagaMga hI honA cAhie jisake voyiga nAmaka eka vIra yoddhA ne rASTrakUTa nareza vaddega aura koSeyagaMga ke viruddha yuddha karate hue apane prANa visarjita kara diye| isakA rAjyakAla bahuta kama pratIta hotA hai| isake guru AcArya vijayadeva the| jaina kavi vijayadeva nAgavarma isI rAjA ke Azrita the| zilAlekha (zravaNabelagola) naM0 235 (150) meM zAyada isI nAgavarma kA ullekha hai| rAkkasagaMga ke hI rAjyakAla meM 1004 I0 meM coloM ne AkramaNa karake gaMgavAr3I tathA talakADa ko apane adhIna kara liyaa| yahIM se gaMgavaMza kA patana prArambha ho gyaa| rAkkasagaMga ke bAda bhI, lagatA hai, gaMgarAjya eka uparAjya ke rUpa meM calatA rhaa| isa uparAjya ke rAjA nItimArga 'tRtIya' rAcamalla aura phira rAkkasagaMga 'dvitIya' rAjA he| inake AcArya kramaza: vajramaNi aura anantavIrya siddhAntadeva the| cAlakyoM se unhoMne pArivArika sambandha sthApita kiyaa| rAkkasagaMga 'dvitIya' kI putrI kA sambandha cAlukya nareza somezvara se huaa| isake bAda rAkkasagaMga kA choTA bhAI kaligaMga rAjA huaa| sambhavata: usI gaMgarAjA ne 1116 I0 meM maisUra pradeza se coloM kA niSkAsana kara apane svAmI hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana kA sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| viSNuvardhana ke ATha jaina senApati the- gaMgarAja, boppa, puNisa, baladeva, mariyana, bharata, aica aura vissnnu| inameM gaMgarAja ko pramukha kahA jAtA hai| usake mAtA-pitA bhI parama jinabhakta the| cAmuNDarAya basadi ke dakSiNa kI ora sthita maNDapa meM dvitIya stambha para utkIrNa 1120 I0 ke zilAlekha (kra0 441) meM 'mAra' aura 'mAkaNabbe ke suputra 'eci' va 'ecigAGka' kI bhAryA 'pocikabbe' kI dharmaparAyaNatA aura anta meM saMnyAsa-vidhi se svargArohaNa kA ullekha hai| 'pocikabbe' ne aneka dhArmika kArya kiye| unhoMne zravaNabelagola meM aneka mandira bnvaaye| zaka saM0 1043, ASAr3ha sudI 5 somavAra ko usa dharmavatI mahilA kA svargavAsa ho jAne para usake pratApI putra mahAsAmantAdhipati, mahApracaNDa daNDanAyaka viSNuvardhana mahArAja ke mantrI gaMgarAja ne apanI mAtA kI smRti meM isa niSadyA kA nirmANa kraayaa| isI lekha meM gaMgarAja ke kucha virud ullikhita haiM, jaise- mahAsAmantAdhipati, mahApracaNDanAyaka, vairibhayadAyaka, gotrapavitra, budhajanamitra, zrIjainadharmAmRtAmbudhipravarddhana sudhAkara, samyaktvaratnAkara, AhArAbhayabhaiSajyazAstradAnavinoda, bhavyajanahRdayapramoda, viSNuvarddhana- bhUpAlahosalamahArAjarAjyAbhiSekapUrNakumbha, dharmahamyoddharaNamUlastambha aadi| ina virudoM se gaMgarAja ke virAT vyaktitva kA patA calatA hai| gaMgarAja ke kAryakalApoM kA varNana karane vAle do aura zilAlekha zravaNabelagola meM upalabdha hote haiM, prathama zAsanabasti (candragiri) ke sAmane eka zilA para (naM0

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118 59-73) aura dvitIya gommaTezvara dvAra ke dAyIM ora eka pASaNa.para (naM0 90 (240)) / ye donoM zilAlekha ekadUsare ke paripUraka haiN| ina lekhoM meM kahA gayA hai ki gaMgarAja ne talakADu para gherA DAlane vAle cola sAmanta adiyama, narasiMha varmA, dAmodara va tiguladAsa (tailaMgoM) ko burI taraha se parAsta kara gaMgavADi deza ko bacA liyA tathA cAlukya nareza tribhuvanamalla permADideva kI senA ko unakI svAmibhakti tathA vijayazIlatA se prasanna hokara viSNuvardhana nareza ne unheM pAritoSika mAMgane ko khaa| unhoMne gommaTezvara kI pUjA ke nimitta 'govindavADi' tathA 'parama' nAmaka grAma maaNge| use nareza ne saharSa svIkAra kiyaa| ina donoM grAmoM ko gaMgarAja ne apanI mAtA pocaladevI tathA apanI bhAryA lakSmIdevI dvArA zravaNabelagola meM nirmApita jinamandiroM kI AjIvikA hetu arpita karA diyaa| gaMgarAja jaise parAkramI the vaise dharmiSTha bhI the| lekha naM0 59 ke eka padya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra jina-dharmAgraNI atimabbarasi ke prabhAva se godAvarI nadI kA pravAha ruka gayA thA usI prakAra kAverI ke pUra se ghira jAne para bhI jina-bhakti ke kAraNa gaMgarAja kI lezamAtra bhI hAni nahIM huI : jinadharmAgraNiyatti mabbarasiyaM lokaM guNaM golvudekene godAvari ninda kAraNa dinIgalu gaMgadaNDAdhinAthanumaM kAveri pecciM sutti piriTuM nIrottiyuM muTTiti llene samyaktvada pempaninereye vaNNippaNNane vnnnnpN||14|| isake atirikta gaMgarAja ne gaMgavADi paragane ke samasta jina-mandiroM kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, gommaTasvAmI kA parakoTA banavAyA tathA aneka sthaloM para naye-naye mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| lekha meM kahA gayA hai ki ina kRtyoM se gaMgarAya (cAmuNDarAya-gommaTasvAmI ke pratiSThAkAraka) kI apekSA sau gune adhika dhanya nahIM kahe jA sakate?- 'gaMgarAjanA mutrina gaMgararAyaGgaM nuumddidhnynlte|' lekha meM 'parama' grAma kI sImA dI huI hai (padya naM0 9) jisase vidita hotA hai ki yaha grAma zravaNabelagola ke samIpa hI IzAna koNa meM thaa| ukta dAna zaka saM0 1039, phAlguNa sudi 5, somavAra ko diyA gayA thaa| gaMgarAja kundakundAnvaya dezIgaNa pustakagaccha ke kukkuTAsana maladhArideva ke ziSya zubhacandra siddhAntadeva ke ziSya the| gaMgarAja kA putra boppa bhI zUravIra yoddhA thaa| vaha viSNuvardhana kA sandhivigrahika thaa| usane bhI apane pitA ke samAna aneka jina-mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| boppa kI patnI bhAnukIrtideva kI ziSyA thii| unakA putra eca bhI daNDAdhIza aura udAra jinabhakta thaa|

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119 gaMgarAja se sambandha rakhane vAle aura bhI aneka zilAlekha zravaNabelagola meM milate haiN| unameM gaMgarAja ke samaya ke nareza kA koI nAma nahIM hai| unameM adhikAMza kisI na kisI ke smAraka rUpa meM likhAye gaye haiN| lekha naM0 63 (zilAlekha saM0 1) meM kahA gayA hai ki zubhacandradeva kI ziSyA lakSmI ne eka jina-mandira kA nirmANa karAyA jo aba 'eraDukaTTevasti' ke nAma se vizruta hai| lekha naM0 64 se jJAta hotA hai ki gaMgarAja ne apanI mAtA pocabbe ke hetu kattalevasti kA nirmANa kraayaa| lekha naM0 65 meM gaMgarAja ke indrakala gaha (zAsanavasti) banavAne kA ullekha hai| lekha naM0 75 aura 76 meM gaMgarAja dvArA gommaTezvara kA parakoTA banavAye jAne kA ullekha hai| zravaNabelagola meM dhvaMsa bastI ke samIpa eka pASANa para utkIrNa lekha se jJAta hotA hai ki gopanandi nAmaka AcArya ne gaMga narezoM kI sahAyatA se jainadharma kA khUba pracAra-prasAra kiyA- 'gaMganRpAlarandina vibhUtiya rUDhiyaneyde mADidaM' (vahI, bhAga 1, naM0 492, padya naM0 16) / kaligaMga ke pradhAna sAmanta bhujabalagaMga paramAdi varmadeva AcArya municandra kA ziSya thaa| bhujabala kA putra natriyagaMga AcArya prabhAcandra siddhAntadeva kA ziSya thaa| 1122 I0 ke siddhezvara vasadi ke zilAlekha se jJAta hotA hai ki isa rAjA ne jainadharma kI vividha DhaMga se prabhAvanA kii| zravaNabelagola ke prati ina sabhI ke mana meM zraddhA-bhakti rahI hai| antima samaya meM gaMgavaMzIya rAjA coloM aura hoyasaloM ke uparAjoM athavA sAmantoM ke rUpa meM vijayanagara kAla taka bane rhe| isa sthiti meM bhI ve jaina saMskRti aura zravaNabelagola se sambaddha rahe haiN| __ isa prakAra gaMgavaMza prArambha se anta taka jainadharma, sAhitya aura saMskRti kA poSaka, parivardhaka tathA prazrayadAtA rahA hai| usake narezoM meM amaratva prApta karane kI adamya lalaka tathA arntatama sAkSAtkAra prApta karane kI utkaTa abhilASA dikhAyI detI hai| usakA hara parivAra kisI na kisI jainAcArya kA ziSya rahA hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki inake zAsana kAla meM jainadharma, kuladharma athavA rAjadharma banakara camakA hai| niSkarSa rUpa se yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki zravaNabelagola ke vikAsa meM isa vaMza kA sarvAdhika yogadAna rahA hai tathA mUrtikalA ke kSetra meM bhI usakI mahattama upalabdhi rahI hai| rASTrakUTakAlIna zravaNabelagola aura bAhubalI kI mAnyatA rASTrakUTakAla jaina saMskRti ke vikAsa kI dRSTi se 'svarNakAla' kahA jA sakatA hai| isa kAla meM eka ora jahA~ elorA aura zravaNabelagola jaise kalA kendra apanI mUka kalAtmaka sAdhanA ke liye vizruta the vahIM dUsarI ora vATanagara, mAnyakheTa, koppaNa jaise jJAnakendroM meM vIrasena, akalaMka, svayambhU, jinasena, guNabhadra, mahAvIrAcArya, vidyAnandi, paravAdimalla, anantakIrti, devasena, pona, puSpadanta Adi AcArya sarasvatI

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120 kI upAsanA meM saMlagna the| unhoMne rAjyAzraya aura janAzraya pAkara samAja, sAhitya aura saMskRti kI cetanA meM nayA prANa phUkA thA / dakSiNa bhArata kI sarvatomukhI samRddhi meM unakA anupama yogadAna avismaraNIya hai| hama jAnate haiM ki jainadharma kI AdhArazilA bhagavAn AdinAtha ne uttara bhArata meM sthApita kI, para usake vikAsa kA zreya dakSiNa bhArata ko prApta hai| vaha dakSiNa bhArata ke 'gopura ' svarUpa mahArASTra se Andhra, tamilanADu hotA huA karNATaka aura zrIlaMkA taka phuNcaa| bAraha hajAra muniyoM ke sAtha bhadrabAhu tathA candragupta maurya dvArA dakSiNa meM praveza kI ghaTanA isa mAnyatA ko svIkAra karane ke liye vivaza karatI hai ki jainadharma dakSiNa meM bhadrabAhu ke pUrva nizcita hI eka lokapriya dharma ke rUpa meM avasthita thA isalie dakSiNa kI ora prayANa sambhava huA / bauddha grantha mahAvaMsa kI paramparA to usake astitva ko zrIlaMkA meM pArzvanAtha ke kAla taka le jAtI hai| karNATaka pradeza jaina saMskRti ko samRddha karane meM zIrSastha rahA hai| gaMga, kadamba, rASTrakUTa, cAlukya, hoyasala Adi rAjakIya vaMzoM ne isa kSetra meM kalA kA jo unnayana kiyA vaha apane Apa meM advitIya hai| rASTrakUTavaMza ke to adhikAMza nareza jainadharmAnuyAyI aura jainadharmAnurAgI the| rASTrakUTa vaMza dakSiNApatha ke prAcIna raTThikoM (azoka ke zilAlekhoM ke rASTrikoM) tathA candravaMzIya kSatriyoM se sambaddha rahA hai| unakI eka zAkhA laTTalUru (lATUra, Andhra pradeza ke bIdara jile kA eka sthAna) meM sthApita thii| aneka lekhoM meM unheM 'laTTalUrapurAvarAdhIzvara' kahA gayA hai| laTTalUrapura ke rASTrakUTa 625 I0 ke AsapAsa elinapura (elorA) A phuNce| indra 'prathama' ke putra dantidurga ne 742 I0 ke lagabhaga isI nagara ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| 757 I0 meM usane vAtApI ke cAlukyoM kA anta kara svayaM ko samrAT ghoSita kara diyaa| isI samaya AcArya vIrasena hue jinhoMne elorA ke samIpavartI vATanagara (vATagrAmapura) tathA cAmaraleNa ke guhA mandiroM meM rahakara apanI sAhitya - sAdhanA kI / isake bAda dantidurga kA cAcA kRSNa 'prathama' akAlavarSa zubhatuMga (757 I0 - 773 I0) siMhAsana para AsIna huaa| elorA ke 'kailAsa mandira kA nirmAtA yahI rAjA thaa| AcArya paravAdimalla bhI lagabhaga isI samaya kRSNarAja dvArA sammAnita hue the| kRSNarAja ke bAda govinda 'dvitIya' (773 I0 se 779 I0 taka) tathA dhruva (779 I0 se 793 I0 taka) rAjyAsIna hue| dhruva ke rAjyAzraya meM mahAkavi svayambhU ne paumacariu, harivaMza Adi aneka granthoM kI racanA kii| punnAgavaMzIya jinasena kA harivaMzapurANa (783 I0) tathA vIrasena kA dhavalA grantha (780 I0) isI samaya kI racanAe~ haiN| vidyAnandi, paravAdimalla Adi AcArya bhI isI samaya hue haiN|

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121 dhruva ke bAda usakA putra govinda 'tRtIya' jagattuMga (793-814 I0) rAjyAbhiSikta huaa| isI kAla meM vidyAnandi, anantakIrti, anantavIrya, tribhuvana svayambhU Adi mahAkavi hue| tadanantara amoghavarSa 'prathama' (814-878 I0), kRSNa 'dvitIya' akAlavarSa (878-914 I0), indra 'tRtIya' (914 - 922 I0), amoghavarSa 'dvitIya' (922-925 I0), govinda 'caturtha' suvarNavarSa ( 925 936 I0), amoghavarSa 'tRtIya' baddiga (936 - 939 I0) tathA kRSNarAja 'tRtIya' akAlavarSa (936-967 I0) rAjA hue| amoSavarSa 'prathama' nizcita rUpa se jainadharmAnuyAyI thA / AcArya jinasena unake dharmaguru the| jinasena ke bAda guNabhadra, mahAvIrAcArya, pAlyakIrti Adi jainAcArya bhI usake rAjyAzraya meM rhe| senApati baMkeya bhI jainadharma kA bhakta thaa| isa samaya jainadharma eka rASTradharma kI sthiti meM A gayA thaa| rAjA amoghavarSa svayaM vidvAn aura sAhityakAra thA isalie vaha vidvAnoM ko unmukta hokara Azraya diyA karatA thA / amoghavarSa kA putra kRSNa 'dvitIya' bhI jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| mahAkavi guNavarma tathA haricanda sambhavata: isI ke Azrama meM rahe haiN| akAlavarSa 'tRtIya' bhI atyanta dUradarzI tathA dharmapremI rAjA thaa| usane gaMganareza bhUtuga, maruladeva mArasiMha Adi gaMganarezoM ke sAtha kUTanItika tathA pArivArika sambandha sthApita kiye| vizeSataH mArasiMha ke sAtha usakI adhika ghaniSTha maitrI thii| usane mArasiMha ke sahayoga se hI cola, pANDya, gurjaroM aura kirAtoM ko parAjita kiyA, gaMgavajra va rakkasamaNi ko pIche haTAyA tathA cAlukya aura paramAroM kI zakti se DUbate hue rASTrakUTa sAmrAjya ko dhvasta hone se bacAyA (vahI, bhAga 1, naM0 60, pR0 143-44) / kRSNa 'tRtIya' kI mRtyu ke bAda usakA kaniSTha bhrAtA khoTTiga nityavarSa (967-972 I0) abhiSikta huaa| isake zAsanakAla meM bhI gaMganareza mArasiMha aura usakA senApati cAmuNDarAya rASTrakUTavaMza kA saMrakSaNa kara rahe the| jaba ve donoM anyatra yuddhoM meM vyasta the, siyaka harSa paramAra ne mAnyakheTa para AkramaNa kiyA aura khoTTiga ko samApta kara diyaa| khoTTiga ke bAda karka 'dvitIya' (972 I0) aura usake bAda rASTrakUTa kA antima rAjA indra 'caturtha' (974 I0) huA jisakA zAsana kamagaNDamanahalli zilAlekha ke anusAra 982 I0 taka rhaa| indra 'caturtha' mArasiMha kA anuja thaa| mArasiMha ne hI usakA rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA thA aura usI ne rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNarAja 'tRtIya' ke liye gurjara deza ko vijita kiyA, vipakSI alla ko madacUrNa kiyA aura kRSNarAja ke senA kI rakSA kI / indra 'caturtha' ke viSaya meM gandhavAraNa vasati ke uttara kI ora sthita stambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha meM yaha kahA gayA hai ki usane zravaNabelagola meM 982 I0 meM sallekhanA grahaNa kii| yaha bhI ullekhanIya hai ki kRSNa ke rAjyakAla meM hI ponna, somadeva aura apabhraMza ke mahAkavi puSpadanta ne apanI sAhitya- sarjanA kii|

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122 isa vivaraNa se yaha spaSTa hai ki gaMganareza mArasiMha aura usake senApati cAmuNDarAya tathA rASTrakUTa nareza kRSNa tathA usakA uttarAdhikArI khoTTiga, karka aura indra ke sambandha bar3e madhura the| zilAlekha naM0 38 ke anusAra mArasiMha eka pratApI jaina nareza thA / ajitasena bhaTTAraka ke samIpa usane 974 I0 meM sallekhanA vidhipUrvaka prANa - visarjana kiyaa| aise bhI pramANa upalabdha haiM jinake AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki antima rASTrakUTa nareza indra 'caturtha' gommaTezvara mUrti kI sthApanA ke samaya jIvita thaa| usane athavA usake pUrvavartI rAjAoM ne zravaNabelagola meM koI smAraka athavA mandira kA nirmANa nahIM kraayaa| para candragiri, vindhyagiri tathA zravaNabelagola nagara kI paridhi meM rASTrakUTavaMza se sambaddha lagabhaga dasa zilAlekha milate haiN| isake atirikta rASTrakUToM ke antima rAjAoM kA sambandha gaMganareza mArasiMha aura usake senApati cAmuNDarAya se rahA hai| zravaNabelagola ke vikAsa meM rASTrakUTa narezoM kA pratyakSa hAtha bhale hI na rahA ho para apratyakSarUpa se ve isake sAtha ghaniSThatApUrvaka sambaddha rahe haiN| unakA tIrtha- prema isase jur3A huA hai| Alukya nareza aura jainadharma dakSiNApatha kI madhyakAlIna rAjazaktiyoM meM cAlukya rAjazakti kA pramukha sthAna hai| pANDya, cera, cola, pallava, kadamba, gaMga, rASTrakUTa Adi sAmrAjyoM ke hote hue bhI vaha kucha samaya ke liye eka sarvAdhika zaktizAlI rAjavaMza ke rUpa meM sthApita huaa| IsvI kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM meM jisa rAjanItika aura sAMskRtika ekatA kA rUpa sAmane AyA thA vaha tIsarI-cauthI zatAbdI meM dhvasta hone lgaa| vikendrIkaraNa kI pravRtti bar3hane lagI aura aneka rAjavaMzoM kI sthApanA ho gyii| ina rAjavaMzoM meM cAlukya zakti prabalatama rahI hai| isa rAjya ke zAsana kAla meM sAMskRtika evaM kalAtmaka vikAsa kI AdhArazilA rakhI gayI tathA hara dharma ko pallavita, puSpita aura phalita hone kA avasara pradAna kiyA gyaa| cAlukya vaMza zata-pratizata jainadharma kA pAlaka to nahIM rahA para usane mukta hasta jaina mandiroM aura guphA - gRhoM kA nirmANa avazya kiyA tathA unake saMcAlana ke liye dAna diyaa| Adhunika mahArASTra, maisUra, Andhra tathA gujarAta ke jina pradeza bhAgoM para unakA Adhipatya thA, sarvatra jaina saMskRti apanI vAstuzilpa ke sAtha Aja bhI lokapriya banI huI hai| cAlukyavaMzIya nareza sAdhAraNataH ziva athavA viSNu ke upAsaka the para unhoMne jaina-bauddhadharma ke sAtha bhI pUrI udAratA kA paricaya diyA aura unako samRddha hone/karane bharapUra sahayoga diyaa| meM

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123 the| anuzruti ke anusAra cAlukya somavaMzIya kSatriya mAnavyagotrIya aura hArIti ke putra isa vaMza kA prathama jJAta rAjA jayasiMha bar3A parAkramI yoddhA thaa| usane mahArASTra ke rASTrikoM se kucha pradeza hastagata kara vAtApI (bIjApura ke antargata Adhunika vAdAmI, ko apanI rAjadhAnI bnaayaa| usakI vIratA se prabhAvita hokara durvinIta gaMga ne usake sAtha apanI putrI kA vivAha kara diyaa| pallava nareza caNDadaNDa se yuddha karate samaya vaha mArA gyaa| durvinIta ne isakA badalA caNDadaNDa ko mArakara aura jayasiMha ke putra raNarAga ko siMhAsana para baiThAkara liyaa| aihola aura alaktaka isa rAjya ke pradhAna nagara the| isI ke zAsanakAla meM durgazakti ne puligere ke zaMkhajinAlaya ko dAna diyA thaa| raNarAga kA hI putra satyAzraya pulakezin 'prathama' (535 - 566 I0) huA jo cAlukya vaMza kA sahI rAjya-saMsthApaka mAnA jAtA hai| vAtApI, alaktakanagara aura aihola isI ke zAsanakAla meM jaina kendra bana cuke the| alaktaka nagara (altema) meM eka abhilekha prApta huA hai jisameM kuhuNDi viSaya se pulakezIya sAmanta sAmiyAra ne alaktaka nagara meM eka jinAlaya zaka samvat 411 meM banavAyA tathA samrAT satyAzraya kI AjJA se kucha gAMvoM kA dAna diyA thaa| isI zilAlekha meM kalakoyala zAkhA ke jainAcArya siMhanandi citrakAcArya, nAgadeva aura jinanandi kA ullekha hai| pulakezI 'prathama' ke uttarAdhikArI kIrtivarmA (566-597 I0) ne bhI jinAlaya ko bhUmi dAna diyA thaa| aihola zilAlekha meM use naloM, mauryoM aura kadamboM ke liye 'vinAza kI nizA' kahA gayA hai| gaMgoM aura alUboM ko bhI usane parAjita kiyA thaa| isI ke zAsanakAla meM AcArya ravikIrti ne 585 I0 meM aihola ke samIpa megutI meM eka jina- mandira tathA vidyApITha kI sthApanA kI thii| yaha rAjA jinabhakta thaa| isake bAda kIrtivarmana ke bhAI maMgaleza (597-608 I0) ne rAjya kiyaa| vaha viSNubhakta thaa| vAtApI meM viSNu kA bhavya guhA mandira isI ne banavAyA thaa| revala dvIpa aura kalcuriyoM para usane vijaya prApta kara 'raNavikrAnta' virud dhAraNa kiyA thaa| isake zAsanakAla kA koI bhI jaina abhilekha abhI taka prApta nahIM huaa| maMgaleza ko mArakara pulakezin 'dvitIya' (608-642 I0) ne rAjya para adhikAra kiyaa| yaha bar3A parAkramI aura nIti-nipuNa rAjA thaa| usane prathamataH apane rAjya kI sthiti sudRr3ha kI aura phira sainya saphalatAoM kI ora dhyAna diyaa| gaMgoM, alUboM, kadamboM, mauryo, lAToM, mAlavoM aura gurjaroM ko parAjita kiyaa| isake zAsanakAla ke do jaina abhilekha milate haiN| prathama abhilekha aihola prazasti hai jisake lekhaka jaina AcArya ravikIrti pulakezin 'dvitIya' ke dharmaguru the| meguTi jaina mandira meM utkIrNa yaha kAvyaniSTha prazasti ravikIrti ko kAlidAsa aura bhAravi ke samakakSa baiTha detI hai| usameM unhoMne pulakezin 'dvitIya' ke sAre kAryakalApoM kA sundara sAhityika varNana kiyA hai| samrATa harSavardhana dakSiNa kI ora isI pracaNDa nareza kI zakti ke kAraNa

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124 nahIM bar3ha paayaa| piSTapura (Andhra) ko jItakara usane apane anuja kubjaviSNuvardhana ko 615 I0 meM usakA zAsaka niyukta kiyaa| isI se veMgI kI pUrvI cAlukya zAkhA kA prArambha huaa| pulakezin 'dvitIya' ne pallava nareza mahendravarman ko jItakara kAMcI (kAMjIvaram) para adhikAra kiyA tathA kAverI ko pAra kara coloM, ceroM aura pANDyoM ko apanI mitra bnaayaa| dvitIya abhilekha lakSmezvara (dhAravAr3a) meM prApta huA hai| isameM cAlukya sAmanta sandaka rAjA durgazakti dvArA puligere nagara meM zaMkha jinendra caityAlaya kI pUjA vyavasthA ke liye kSetra dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| isa abhilekha kI satyatA para kucha vidvAnoM ne prazna cihna khar3A kiyA hai| pulakezin 'dvitIya' ke guru ravikIrti (ravibhadra) ke ziSya bhaTTa akalaMka bhI kadAcita kucha samaya isI ke Azraya meM rhe| vAdAmI aura ajantA ke prasiddha guhA-mandiroM kA nirmANa isI samaya huaa| cInIyAtrI hvenasAMga ke vivaraNa se patA calatA hai ki isake zAsanakAla meM jainadharma bauddhadharma kI apekSAkRta acchI sthiti meM thaa| 641-642 I0 meM pallavanareza narasiMhavarman ne cAlukyoM para bhISaNa AkramaNa kara diyaa| phalataH pulakezin 'dvitIya' yuddha meM mArA gayA aura vAtApI ko pallava nareza dhvasta kara diyaa| bAda meM pulakezin 'dvitIya' ke putra sAhasatuMga vikramAditya 'prathama' (655-680 I0) ne eka lambe saMgharSa ke bAda gaMgoM kI madada se narasiMhavarman ko harAkara apanA rAjya vApisa liyaa| isa upalakSya meM usane 'raNarasika' viruddhAraNa kiyaa| kAJcI para bhI usane adhikAra kiyaa| pAMDyoM ke sahayoga se bhI usane aneka yuddha jiite| prasiddha jaina AcArya bhaTTa akalaMka isa rAjA ke guru the jinhoMne aihola vidyApITha tathA kanherI ke bauddha vihAra meM kramaza: jaina-bauddha darzana kA adhyayana kiyaa| ravikIrti ke bAda ve aihola vidyApITha ke adhyakSa bhI rhe| isa rAjA ke zAsana kAla kA eka jaina abhilekha milatA hai jisameM rAjA dvArA kurutakuNTe grAma dAna diye jAne kA ullekha hai| dAna grahaNa karane vAlA ravi zarmA vasari saMgha kA thaa| sambhava hai, isa vasari saMgha kA koI sambandha jaina saMgha-sampradAya se rahA ho| isa abhilekha ko kucha vidvAn sahI nahIM maante| vikramAditya 'prathama' ke bAda usakA putra vinayAditya (680-696 I0) zAsaka huaa| usane narasiMha varman 'dvitIya', kannauja ke yazovarmana, kAbera, pArasIka, siMhala nareza, gaMga Adi bhUpatiyoM ko yuvarAja vijayAditya (697-733 I0) ke sahayoga se parAjita kiyaa| vikramAditya ke rAjaguru niravadya paNDita tathA vijayAditya ke rAjaguru udayadeva paNDita the| ina rAjAoM ne aneka jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA tathA AcAryoM ko dAnapatra bheMTa kiye| puSpasena, vimalacanda, kumAranandi, anantavIrya Adi jainAcArya

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125 isI kAla meM hue / vijayAditya ne 608 zaka saM0 meM mUlasaMgha paramparA kI devagaNa zAkhA ke kisI jaina AcArya ko dAna diyaa| isakA ullekha lakSmezvara se prApta abhilekha meM milatA hai| phlITa ne isa abhilekha ko bhI jAlI mAnA hai, para ise anya vidvAn svIkAra nahIM krte| vijayAditya ke hI zAsanakAla meM zivagAMva (dhAravAr3a) se upalabdha tAmrapatra meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki zaka saM0 630 meM alUpa (alUka) sAmanta citravAhana ke anurodha para vijayAditya ne jaina vihAra ko dAna diyA thaa| isa vihAra kA nirmANa vijayAditya kI bahina kuMkuma devI dvArA puligere nagara meM kiyA gayA thaa| eka anya jaina zilAlekha ( zaka saMvat 645) khaNDita avasthA meM milA hai| zaka saMvat 615 kA eka dUsarA abhilekha hai jisameM vijayAditya dvArA pulikara nagara ke dakSiNa meM sthita kardama nAmaka grAma udayadeva paNDita jo vijayAditya kA purohita thA dAna dene kA ullekha karatA hai| ataeva yaha nizcita rUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki vijayAditya tathA vinayAditya, donoM jinabhakta nareza the| vijayAditya ke bAda vikramAditya 'dvitIya' (733-744 I0 ) rAjA huA jisane pallavanareza nandivarman ko parAjita kiyA, parantu kAJcI ko naSTa nahIM kiyaa| usane kalabhra, cola, pANDya aura kerala zaktiyoM ko bhI trasta kiyA tathA araboM ke AkramaNoM ko viphala kiyaa| isa rAjA se sambandhita eka abhilekha lakSmezvara se milA hai jisase patA calatA hai ki usane pulikara nagara meM zaMkhatIrtha vasati nAmaka mandira ko suzobhita kara dhavala jinAlaya kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA aura tadartha nagara kI uttaravartI bhUmi kA dAna diyaa| yaha dAna vijayadeva paNDita ko diyA gayA jo mUlasaMgha- paramparA kI devagaNa zAkhA se sambaddha jayadeva paNDita ke ziSya rAmadevAcArya ke ziSya the| eka vyApArI ke anurodha para yaha dAna jinapUjA ke vikAsArtha diyA gayA thaa| isake bAda kIrtivarmana dvitIya' (744-757 I0) rAjA huaa| yaha isa vaMza kA kadAcit antima rAjA thaa| yaha rAjA bhI jainadharma kA parama bhakta thA / ADUra se prApta tithi vihIna prathama abhilekha meM dharmagAmuNDa dvArA nirmita jinAlaya evaM bhikSugRha ko diye gaye 25 nivartana bhUmidAna kA ullekha hai aura dvitIya abhilekha meM kIrtivarmana ke sAmanta mAdhavapati arasa dvArA jinendra mandira ke pUjArtha tathA anya dhArmika kriyAoM ke liye paDalUra ke ceDiga (caitya) ko bhUmi dAna dene kA vivaraNa hai| donoM abhilekhoM meM AcArya prabhAcandra kA nAma AyA hai| aNNageri ( dhAravAr3a ) se prApta jekari ke pramukha kaliyamma dvArA nirmita ceDiya (caitya) kA ullekha hai| DaoN0 lakSmInArAyaNa rAva ke anusAra kaliyamma kIrtivarmana dvitIya' ke AdhIna koI jaina adhikArI thaa| rASTrakUTa rAjA dantidurga ne kIrtivarmana 'dvitIya' ko parAjita kara vAtApI ke pazcimI

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126 cAlukya vaMza kA anta kara diyaa| kucha samaya taka cAlukya vaMza ke rAjA rASTrakUToM ke adhIna sAmantoM ke rUpa meM rhe| vikramAditya 'caturtha' ke putra tailapa 'dvitIya' ne dasavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM rASTrakUToM kA anta kara cAlukya zakti kA punaruddhAra kiyA aura kalyANI ke uttaravartI cAlukyavaMza kI sthApanA kii| isa vaMza ne bhI jainadharma ke prati udAratA aura anukUlatA dikhaayii| sodattI ke aMkezvara mandira se prApta eka zilAlekha meM yaha ullekha hai tailapa 'dvitIya' ke mahAsAmanta zAntivarmA ne isa nagarI meM eka jinAlaya kA nirmANa karAkara usake prabandha ke liye bhUmidAna diyA thaa| usakI mAtA ne bhI usa jinAlaya ke vikAsArtha bhaTTAraka bhujabala (yApanIya saMgha kI kaNDUragaNI zAkhA se sambaddha) ko dAna diyA thaa| zravaNabelagola se prApta eka abhilekha naM0 38 (59) meM gaMganareza mArasiMha dvArA (zaka saM0 896, san 974) kisI cAlukyanareza rAjAditya ko parAjita kiye jAne kA ullekha milatA hai| yaha rAjA veMgi ke pUrvI cAlukya vaMza se sambaddha rahA honA caahie| isa vaMza meM lagabhaga kaI rAjA hue jinhoMne lambe samaya taka rAjya kiyaa| inake kAla meM jainadharma kAphI phUlA - phlaa| ina narezoM meM se yadyapi kaI nareza zivabhakta the, para unhoMne jainoM ko bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka dAna diyaa| viSNuvardhana 'caturtha' (764-799 0), amma 'dvitIya' (945 - 970 I0 ) aura vimalAditya (1032 I0) vizeSa phallekhanIya haiM jinhoMne kramazaH zrInandI, arhanandI tathA trikAlayogI siddhAntadeva ko Azraya diyaa| isI samaya ke durgamaMca guphA meM prApta lekha ke anusAra rAmatIrtha (rAmakoMDa) nAmaka pahAr3iyoM para vijagApaTTama ke pAsa eka prasiddha jaina saMskRti kendra thA jisake AcArya zrInandi the| amma ke senApati kaTakAdhirAja durgarAja ne dharamapurI grAma ke dakSiNa meM eka jaina mandira kA nirmANa karAyA aura amma ne malayapuNDI nAmaka gAMva tadartha dAna meM diyaa| bhIma aura naravAhana 'dvitIya' ne bhI jaina mandiroM kA nirmANa kraayaa| zravaNabelagola ke candragiri parvata para sthita iruvebrahmadeva mandira ke sAmane kI caTTAna para lekha naM0 237 (152) utkIrNa hai jisameM kisI cagabhakSaNa cakravartI upAdhidhArI goggi nAmaka eka sAmanta kA ullekha hai / yaha koI cAlukya sAmanta honA cAhie jisakA ullekha maisUra abhilekha meM prApta hotA hai / zravaNabelagola ke hI eka anya zilAlekha naM0 45 (125) tathA 59 (73) meM yaha ullekha milatA hai ki hoyasala nareza viSNuvardhana ke senApati (gaMgarAja ne cAlukya samrAT tribhuvanamalla permADideva ko parAjita kiyaa| yahIM jinanAthapuravartI aregala vasti ke pUrva meM utkIrNa eka zilAlekha naM0 144 (lagabhaga zaka saM0 1057) meM tribhuvanamalla ko 'cAlukyAbharaNa' kahA gayA hai aura usakA Adhipatya hoyasala rAjya ke Upara batAyA gayA hai (jainazilAlekhasaMgraha, bhAga 1, pR0 294) /

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127 tailapa 'dvitIya' kI hI vaMza-paramparA meM rAjA jayasiMha 'prathama' hue, jinhoMne 1015 se 1040 I0 taka rAjya kiyaa| yaha rAjA bhI jainadharma kA bhakta thaa| AcArya vAdirAja, dayApAla aura puSpaSeNa siddhAntadeva isI ke zAsanakAla meM he| zravaNabelagola kI pArzvanAthavasati ke eka stambha para utkIrNa zilAlekha (naM0 54 (67) meM vAdirAja kI chaha padyoM (39-45) meM prazaMsA kI gayI hai jisase patA calatA hai ki cAlukya cakravartI ke jayakaTaka meM unhoMne jayalAbha kiyA thaa| jayasiMha ne hI unheM 'jagadekamalla' upAdhi pradAna kI thii| vAdirAja ne bhI apane yazodharacarita Adi granthoM meM jayasiMha kA ullekha kiyA hai| 'mathlalakAmoda' jayasiMha 'prathama' kI upAdhi thii| zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 55(69) meM maladhAri munIndra guNacandra (padya 20) ke liye 'balipura mallikAmoda zAntIzacaraNArcakaH' kahA gayA hai| isase yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki balipura meM zAntinAtha kI pratiSThA jayasiMha nareza (mallikAmoda upAdhidhArI) ne hI karAyI thii| isI zilAlekha meM yaha bhI kahA gayA hai ki vAsavacandra ne apane vAda ke parAkrama se cAlukya rAjadhAnI meM 'bAla sarasvatI' kI upAdhi prApta kI thii| yahI zilAlekha cAlukya nareza Ahavamalla somazvara 'prathama' (1043-1068 I0) dvArA eka jainAcArya ko 'zabdacaturmukha' kI upAdhi diye jAne kA bhI ullekha karatA hai| somezvara 'prathama' ne jainadharma ke sthAyitva ke liye aneka mahattvapUrNa kArya kiye| tribhuvanatilaka jinAlaya jaise aneka jaina-mandiroM kA nirmANa usane hI kraayaa| usake patra somezvara 'dvitIya' ne bhI zAntinAtha mandira Adi jaise aneka jaina mandira bnvaaye| somezvara 'dvitIya' kA bhAI vikramAditya 'SaSTha' thA jisakA ullekha zravaNabelagola ke zilAlekha naM0 144 meM AyA hai| isa rAjA ne cAlukya gaMgapemaniDi caityAlaya banavAyA aura apane daNDanAtha ke anurodha para usa mandira ke prabandha Adi ke liye eka gA~va dAna meM diyA thaa| dAna grahaNa karane vAle muni rAmasena mUlasaMgha, senagaNa aura pogari gaccha ke mahAsena vratI ke ziSya the| vikramAditya 'SaSTha' ne zravaNabelagola ke AsapAsa bhI kaI jaina mandiroM kA punarnirmANa karAyA thA jinheM rAjAdhirAja cola ne bhasmasAt kara diyA thaa| zravaNabelagola kI kattale basadi se prApta lekha naM0 55 meM muni vAsavacandra ko 'bAla sarasvatI kI' upAdhi se vibhUSita karane vAlA sambhavataH yahI rAjA thaa| cAlukya narezoM ke adhikAMza zilAlekha dhAravAr3a jile meM prApta hue haiN| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki dhAravAr3a aura usake AsapAsa ke kSetra para jainadharma kA kAphI prabhAva thaa| lakSmezvara bhI jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra kA eka pramukha kendra thaa| aihola prazasti, ADUra abhilekha, aSThAgeri abhilekha, zravaNabelagola abhilekha tathA zigagAMva meM upalabdha tAmrapatra Adi isa tathya ko udghATita karane ke liye paryApta haiM ki cAlukya zAsakoM ne jainadharma ko lokapriya banAne kA pUrA avasara pradAna kiyA thaa| jaina dharmAvalambI na hone para bhI ina rAjAoM ne dharmanirapekSatA ke AdhAra para jainadharma ko apanA saMrakSaNa diyA thaa|

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128 jaina kalA niketanoM meM cAlukya zailI ne apanA prabhAva bhI spaSTa rUpa se chor3A hai| zravaNabelagola kI kambadahalli kI paMcakUTa basadi meM mahAmaNDapa ke sAmane cAlukya zailI ke selakhasar3I ke golastambha kA khulA huA agramaNDapa jor3A gayA hai| isameM navaraMga zailI kI stambha yojanA para cAlukya zailI kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| cAmuNDarAyavasati ke stambha bhI paravartI cAlukya zailI se prabhAvita mAne jA sakate haiN| yahA~ yaha spaSTa hai ki cAlukyoM ne sthApatya zailI ke kSetra meM eka nayI zailI ko janma diyA hai| ___ niSkarSa ke rUpa meM yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki cAlukya narezoM ne jainadharma ke pracAra-prasAra meM muktabhAva se yogadAna diyA hai| zravaNabelagola kA jahA~ eka sandarbha hai, unhoMne usake vikAsa meM pratyakSa rUpa se bhale hI kucha na kiyA ho, para apratyakSa rUpa se unakA sahayoga avazya rahA hai| yahAM ke zilAlekhoM meM unakA vividha ullekha yahI tathya udghATita karatA hai|

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bhAratIya bhASAoM kA prathama vyaMgya-upanyAsa : AcArya haribhadrasUri kA 'dhUrtAkhyAna' DaoN0 zyAmasundara ghoSa san 1970 I0 meM hI mere mana meM yaha bAta AyI thI ki maiM yaha jAna sakU~, aura hindI vyaMgya-premiyoM ko yaha batA sakU~, ki hindI kA prathama vyaMgya-upanyAsa kauna-sA aura kisakA likhA hai? tabhI maiMne isa viSaya ko eka praznAvalI taiyAra kI aura use aneka vyaMgyakAroM aura mitra-pAThakoM ko isa apekSA ke sAtha bhejA ki ve isa sambandha meM chAnabIna kareMge aura apane niSkarSoM se sAhitya-jagat ko paricita kraayeNge| san 1972 I0 meM 'pratimAna' patrikA kA vyaMgya-upanyAsa-aMka prakAzita huA thA, jisake anta meM hindI kA prathama vyaMgya-upanyAsa viSayaka praznAvalI aura vibhinna lekhakoM dvArA diye gaye uttara prakAzita kiye gaye the| taba alaga-alaga lekhakoM ne. hindI ke prathama vyaMgya-upanyAsa ke rUpa meM, alaga-alaga nAma ginAye the| chApane ko to maiMne vaha praznottarI chApa hI dI thI, para merI zaMkAoM kA samAdhAna nahIM huA thaa| usake bAda bhI isa viSaya para khoja-rata rahakara anta meM maiMne san 1973 I0 meM kAzI kI nAgarIpracAriNI-patrikA meM prakAzita mahAmahopAdhyAya paNDita rAmAvatAra zarmAkRta 'mudgarAnanda-caritAvalI' ko hindI kA pahalA vyaMgya-upanyAsa mAnA aura isa sambandha meM eka khojaparaka lekha likhA, jo pIche 'hindI kA prathama vyaMgya-upanyAsa 'mudgarAnanda-caritAvalI kI bhUmikA bnaa| maiMne hindI-pAThakoM ke liye 'mudgarAnanda-caritAvalI' kA sampAdita pATha puna: prakAzanArtha taiyAra kiyaa| tabhI mere mana meM yaha prazna uThA ki bhAratIya bhASAoM kA prathama vyaMgya-upanyAsa kauna-sA, kisakA likhA yA kahA~ hai, ise jAnA jaay| isakA jabAba mujhe san 1980 I0 meM bihAra-rASTrabhASA-pariSad, paTanA kI zodha-traimAsikI 'pariSad-patrikA' ke akTUbara 1980 I0 ke aMka (pUrNAGka 79) meM prakAzita prAkRta-kathAkovida racanAkAra AcArya haribhadrasUri ke prasiddha vyaMgyAkhyAna 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ('dhuttakkhANaM') meM mila gayA, jise anUdita kara patrikA ke sampAdaka AcArya zrIraMjana sUrideva ne prakAzita kiyA thaa| *. RtaMvarA, goDDA (jhArakhaNDa), pina : 814133. Fort

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130 vyaMgya ke sambandha meM hamArI dhAraNA moTe taura para yaha rahI hai ki vyaMgya-sRjana Adhunika yuga kI cIja hai| prAcIna vAGmaya meM vyaMgya lekhana isa rUpa meM nahIM huA, na ho sakatA thA, kyoMki taba kI mAnasikatA bahuta kucha klAsakIya thI / vyaMgya likhane ke liye jo utphulla- unmukta halkI-phulkI vinodI - vyAvahArika mAnasikatA hotI hai, hamAre AcArya racanAkAroM ko zAyada bahuta nahIM suhAtI rahI hogii| prAcIna vAGmaya kA jo sRjanAtmaka kRtitva hai bhI, usa para zAstrIyatA kA kucha aisA dabAva hai ki vaha adhika hI gariSTha hokara raha gayA hai| isalie merA khyAla thA ki Aja kI dRSTi se jise hama vyaMgya - upanyAsa kahate haiM, vaha zAstrIya bhASAoM meM zAyada hI mila ske| hA~, lokabhASAoM. meM isake hone kI sambhAvanA ho sakatI hai| hAsya aura vyaMgya lokajIvana meM hI to jIte haiN| para hamArA prAcIna lokabhASA-sAhitya hamAre liye banda khajAne ko taraha rahA hai / aise meM AcArya haribhadrasUri kI racanA 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ne mujhe bahuta pulakita kiyaa| yaha sahI arthoM meM eka vyaMgya upanyAsa hai| Aja kI dRSTi se bhI, aura apane aitihAsika sandarbha meM, aitihAsika aura tAttvika dRSTi se bhii| AcArya haribhadra kA kAla IsA kI AThavIM-navIM zatI hai| yaha bhAratIya bhASAoM meM paryApta prAcIna hai| taba ke kisI lekhaka dvArA racita kisI kRti kA Aja ke sAhityika mApadaNDoM para kharA utaranA kucha mAmUlI bAta nahIM hai| yahI AcArya haribhadrasUri kI vizeSatA prakaTa karane ke liye paryApta hai| 'dhUrtAkhyAna' bahuta sImita phalakavAlI eka choTI racanA hai| yaha kula pA~ca choTe AkhyAnoM meM vibhakta hai| ye alaga-alaga AkhyAna bhI apane-Apa meM pUrvArddha aura uttarArddha ke do-do hissoM meM ba~Te the| isa prakAra lekhaka ne ise bahuta samajhadArI se choTe-choTe Tukar3e meM vibhAjita kiyA hai| 'TAima' aura 'spesa' kI aisI cetanA to Aja ke lekhakoM bhI muzkila se milatI hai| yaha kRti kahane aura sunane kI zailI meM kathita yA likhita hai| cAra dhUrtarAja aura eka dhUrta netrI ujjayinI ke eka udyAna meM ikaTThe hue haiN| ghanaghora bArisa ho rahI hai| pUrA zahara aura vAtAvaraNa varSA se asta-vyasta trasta hai| aise meM dhUrtarAjoM kA dhandhA to calane se rhaa| inake sAtha inake pA~ca-pA~ca sau anucara bhI haiN| ye sabhI ThaNDa se ThiThure aura sikur3e haiN| bhUkha inheM parezAna kiye hue hai| aise meM bharapeTa bhojana kaise mile, yaha samasyA hai| kauna karAye itane logoM ko bhojana ? aura kahA~ se aura kaise ? yahI samasyA hai| ye pA~coM dhUrta isa samasyA kA samAdhAna isa rUpa meM DhU~r3hate haiM ki sabhI dhUrta apaneapane jIvana kI anubhava-kathA sunaayeN| jo dhUrta sunAyI gayI kathA ko satya nahIM mAnegA, use pUrI dhUrta - maNDalI ko bhojana karAnA hogaa| satya nahIM mAnane ke liye yaha Avazyaka mAnA gayA ki zrotA dhUrtoM meM se koI eka, sunAyI gayI jIvana kathA kI sampuSTi purANoM, rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata yA anya ArSa granthoM ke uddharaNoM aura prasaMgoM se kraaye| sAtha hI yaha bhI mAnA gayA ki jo dhUrta apanI sunAyI gayI kathA kI sampuSTi khuda hI prAmANika

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131 uddharaNoM aura prasaMgoM se siddha kara degA, vaha dhUrtoM kA rAjA mAna liyA jAyegA aura zeSa dhUrta - maNDalI usakI dAsatA svIkArane aura usakI AjJA mAnane ko vivaza hoNge| aba aise vAtAvaraNa aura aisI vikaTa paristhiti meM to kathA ko lambA nahIM khIMcA jA sakatA thaa| isalie vilakSaNa kathAkovida AcArya haribhadrasUri ne yahA~ laghukathanazailI apanAyI hai| usane cAra dhUrtoM ke sAtha eka dhUrta netrI ko lA jor3A hai| vaha bhI bahuta sAbhiprAya hai / haribhadrasUri yaha dikhAnA cAhate haiM ki usa kAla meM bhI jIvana kA koI aisA kSetra nahIM thA, jahA~ striyoM kA praveza nahIM thaa| ucca se ucca aura garhita se garhita gatividhiyoM meM bhI unakI ucita bhAgIdArI thI / kevala yahI nahIM, aise kSetroM meM unakA dabadabA bhI rahatA thaa| taba kA racanAkAra isa dRSTi se soca sakA aura apane racanAtmaka pratiphalana kA namUnA sAmane rakha sakA, yaha dekhakara prItikara Azcarya hotA hai| isa dhUrtagoSThI meM bhI antata: dhUrta netrI khaNDapAnA hI bAjI mAratI hai aura phira udAra bhAva se, parAjita na hone para bhI, yuktipUrvaka udyoga karake bhUkha se kulabulAtI huI, ThaNDa se kA~patI- siharatI dhUrttamaNDalI ko bharapeTa svAdiSTa bhojana karAtI hai| isa prakAra, strI apane annapUrNA-rUpa ko siddha aura pratiSThita karatI hai| cAra puruSoM para bhArI par3atI eka strI ko isa rUpa meM dikhAkara haribhadrasUri ne eka vilupta aitihAsika kar3I ko pratyakSa kiyA hai| yahA~ yadi hama yAda rakheM ki cAra dhUrtoM ke pA~ca-pA~ca anucaroM ko bhI vaha apane prabhAva-vRtta meM le AtI hai to hameM haribhadrasUri ke sAmAjika cintana ko sarAhanA hI hogaa| kRti meM kautUhala aura tanAva Adyanta banA rahatA hai| 'maidAna' meM pA~ca-pA~ca diggaja mahArathI DaTe haiN| unako ghere unake pA~ca-pA~ca sau utsuka aura adhIra darzaka zrotA haiN| sabake mana meM apAra kautUhala aura tanAva hai ki kauna jItatA hai, unheM kaba, kaise bhojana milatA hai ? samajhie sA~r3oM ke daMgala kA dRzya hai| para pharka yaha hai ki sA~r3oM ke daMgala ke dRzya meM darzaka kolAhala karate, hallA macAte, uchalate-kUdate najara Ate haiM, jabaki yahA~ sabhI anucara dama sAdhe pariNAma kI AzA meM udagra haiN| tanAva unake cehare para sApha dekhA jA sakatA hai| isa rUpa meM kRti saghana cAkSuSa pratIti dene meM bhI sarvabhAvena samartha hai| yahA~ lekhaka ne pAThakoM kI kalpanA ko abAdha vicaraNa karane kA avasara bhI diyA hai| hama usa udyAna aura sabhA maNDapa kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM, jahA~ ghanaghora varSA meM itane-itane loga samAye hue haiN| lagatA hai, taba ke sAmAjika jIvana meM vizAla udyAnoM kI bahuta upayogitA aura AvazyakatA rahI hogI / vizAlakAya udyAnoM meM vizAlakAya maNDapa, sabhAmaMca, vicAramaNDapa yA krIr3AmaMca rahate hoNge| ye Aja ke 'inaDora sTeDiyama' ke tarja para hote rahe hoNge| lekhaka ne kahIM isakA varNana to nahIM kiyA hai, para yaha saba pAThaka kI kalpanA meM A jAtA hai| kyA kamAla kI kalA hai| ki kaThaputaliyoM kA virATa khela hai, para kahIM kaThaputalI nacAte tAra najara nahIM aate| isa rUpa meM haribhadrasUri ne adbhuta nipuNatA kA paricaya diyA hai|

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132 kRti meM varNita pA~ca dhartoM ke jJAna, anabhava aura vaidaSya se spaSTa hotA hai ki tatkAlIna samAja meM ThagI dhUrtavidyA aura dhUrtakalA ke rUpa meM pratiSThita rahI hogii| jisa samAja ke dhUrta itane jJAnavAn, tArkika aura vidagdha rahe hoMge, usa samAja kA zeSa bhAga par3hA-likhA abhijAta varga kaisA rahA hogA, isakA anumAna hotA hai| saphala kRti vahI mAnI jAtI hai, jisake parAyaNa se pUre samAja kI eka jhalaka mila jAya yA pAThakoM ko usakA anubhava ho jaay| 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ghar3A meM pakate hue cAvaloM meM se nikAle gaye usa dAne ke samAna hai, jisase samAja kI sahI sthiti kA bodha aura anumAna hotA hai| sAhitya aura pAristhitikI donoM hI eka-dUsare ko apane-apane DhaMga se anukUlita karate haiM, ve eka dUsare ke upajIvya bhI haiN| aba sAhitya kI pAristhitikI aura pAristhitikI-janya sAhitya ke svarUpa aura sambandha-nirUpaNa para vicAra Avazyaka mAnA jAne lagA hai| jaise vilupta jIva-jantu aura prajAti ke jIvAzma milane para usake AdhAra para prajAtiyoM kI puna: kalpanA aura puna: racanA sambhava hai, vaise hI vilupta samAja-vyavasthA, rahana-sahana aura jIvana-mAnoM ke upalabdha sAhitya ke dastAveja aura kRtitva se ina sabakI kalpanA aura puna: pratIti sambhava hai| aba nATakoM aura philmoM meM aise prayoga hue haiN| isa dRSTi se bhI haribhadrasUri ke 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ko dekhA jA sakatA hai aura sAmAjika jIvana ke aneka vilupta sUtra talAze jA sakate haiN| Aja kI vividha adhyayana-praNAlI ke liye isakI nizcita upayogitA aura upajIvyatA hai| AcArya haribhadrasUri zvetAmbara zramaNa-paramparA ke vidyAdhara kula se sambaddha the| taba kI sthiti meM AcAryoM kA khaNDana-maNDana calatA rahatA thA, jaise Aja kI rAjanIti meM pakSa aura vipakSa aksara hI, akAraNa yA sakAraNa, ulajhate rahate haiM, vaise hI usa samaya vidvAnoM dvArA khaNDana-maNDana hote rahate the| zramaNa-paramparAvAle brAhmaNa-paramparA kI anargala aura atArkika bAtoM kA khaNDana karate the aura brAhmaNa-paramparAvAle bhI usakA javAba dete the| eka jainAcArya hone ke kAraNa haribhadrasUri kA svAbhAvika dAyitva banatA thA ki ve brAhmaNa-paramparA dvArA phailAyI gayI bhrAntiyoM kA nirAkaraNa krte| aisA ve vAda-vivAda dvArA bhI kara sakate the| para haribhadrasUri jAnate the ki khaNDana-maNDana kI vidhi bahuta prabhAvazAlI nahIM huA karatI, bahusaMkhya janatA ko usameM ruci nahIM hotI aura isa zailI meM kahI gayI bAteM AsAnI se gale nahIM utrtii| isIlie haribhadrasUri ne eka nayI vidhi-- pracchanna vyaMgya-vidhi apnaayii| ise hI kucha loga zAstrIya zabdAvalI meM 'vyaMgya-vakratA' kahate haiN| isameM vyaMgya sIdhe-sIdhe na kara anyokti-zailI meM preSita kiyA jAtA hai| ise katipaya vidvAn 'vyaMgyagarbha' zailI bhI kahate haiN| haribhadrasUri ne vyaMgya meM upahAsa-zailI kA aisA upayoga kiyA hai ki vaha dekhate hI banatA hai| hama upahAsa kisI dUsare kA karate haiM, usake sAmane yA usake piiche| isalie isameM eka prakAra kI pratyakSatA aura sunirdiSTatA to hotI hI hai| upahAsa aksara virodha

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meM hI hotA hai| para haribhadrasUri ne upahAsa kA mAraka upayoga kiyA hai| isakA dudhArI talavAra kI taraha upayoga haribhadrasUri ke lekhakIya kauzala kA pramANa hai| Apa kaha sakate haiM ki haribhadrasUri kA upahAsa, upahAsa nahIM, upahAsa-vilAsa hai| jaba ve sunAyI gayI atArkika, asambhava kathAoM kA anumodana apanI upahAsa-zailI se karate haiM, taba vaha Upara-Upara se bhale hI kathita kA anumodana ho, para bhItara-bhItara usa para naztara kI painI churI-sI mAra bhI karatI calatI hai| para yaha to isakA eka zirA hai, dUsarA zirA vaha hai, jo ina upahAsoM dvArA nitAnta anupasthita, para samAja meM brAhmaNa-paramparA dvArA phailAye gaye andhavizvAsoM para karArI coTa karatA hai| upahAsa unakA hotA hai, jo sAmane nahIM haiM, para samAja kI nasa-nAr3I meM baddhamUla haiN| ve kevala nirdiSTa kA hI upahAsa nahIM krte| unake upahAsa ke dAyare meM pUrI cintana-kathanazailI bhI A jAtI hai| jaise vyaMgya meM kabhI-kabhI kisI eka vyakti kA majAka ur3Akara pUrI jAti aura samudAya kA majAka ur3AyA jAtA hai, vaise hI haribhadrasUri pUrI brAhmaNa-paramparA para praznacihna lagA dete haiN| isa dRSTi se 'dhUrtAkhyAna' ke anuvAdaka aura sampAdaka DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva kA yaha kathana bilkula sahI hai ki "kathA ke zilpa-vidhAna kA camatkAra tathA durUha ulajhanavAlI sAmAjika vikRtiyoM kA AkhyAna-zailI meM pratyAkhyAna isa kathAgrantha ke AlocakoM ko bhI mugdha kara denevAlA hai| ...... zailI kI dRSTi se yaha grantha mUrdhanya hai| lAkSaNika zailI meM vyaMgyopahAsa kI itanI puSTa racanA anyatra durlabha hai|" __prAkRta ke sarvapriya chanda 'gAthA' meM nibaddha isa vyaMgyakRti ke gadyAnuvAda ko dekhakara yaha socane ko vivaza honA par3atA hai ki taba ke kuzala racanAkAroM ne itanI dvandva-saMkula kRti ko kavitA dvArA, chandoM dvArA, kaise vyakta kiyA hogA? isase unake advitIya kAvya-sAmarthya kA patA to calatA hI hai, yaha bhI spaSTa hotA hai ki taba kAvya-vidhA kitanI lacIlI aura sarva-samAvezI rahI hogii| aba aisI kRti ko koI racanAkAra kavitA yA chanda meM kahane aura likhane kI bAta soca bhI nahIM sktaa| taba gadya na hone kI vajaha se kavitA hI racanAkAroM kI ekamAtra kasauTI thii| 'gadyaM kavInAM nikaSa vadanti' kI ukti, lagatA hai ki pIche pracalita haI hogii| taba to 'chanda: kavInAM nikaSaM vadanti' kI sthiti rahI hogii| ___ acchA huA ki DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva ne isa racanA ko pustakAkAra prakAzita karA diyaa| prakAzaka ne ise sacitra chApA hai| citra bahuta vyaMjaka, vilakSaNa aura prabhAvapUrNa hai| yaha kRti ko AkarSaka banA detA hai| kucha ko yaha bhrama ho sakatA hai ki yaha koI bAla-sAhitya hai| para yadi yaha bhrama bhI ho, to maiM ise kucha burA nahIM samajhatA; kyoMki bAlakoM ke alAvA bhI bAla-sAhitya ke zaukIna kitane hI praur3ha pAThaka hote haiN| ve ise bAla-sAhitya samajhakara uThAyeM aura par3hane para unheM apekSAkRta adhika praur3ha anubhUti ho, to yaha kyA kama hai?

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Adhunika vizva meM ahiMsA kI prAsaMgikatA dulIcanda jaina ahiMsA dharma kA AdhAra hai| isI ke dvArA samAja kA sucAru rUpa se saJcAlana sambhava hai| yahI vaha guNa hai jo pratyeka jIva ko sammAna pradAna karatA hai| dayA evaM karuNA kI abhivyakti isI jIvana mUlya meM hotI hai / isakA vyavahAra vizva meM zAnti evaM sauhArda lAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA ki dharma utkRSTa maMgala hai | ahiMsA, saMyama aura tapa usake lakSaNa haiN| jisakA mana sadA dharma meM ramatA rahatA hai, use devatA bhI namaskAra karate haiN| unake hI zabdoM meM, "kisI bhI prANI kI hiMsA nahIM karanI cAhie, yahI jJAniyoM ke jJAna kA sAra hai| ahiMsA, samatA, samasta jIvoM ke prati Atmavat bhAva yahI zAzvata dharma hai|" unhoMne jIvoM ke prati samAdara ke bhAva para jora dete hue kahA, "sabhI prANiyoM ko apanI-apanI Ayu (jIvana) priya hai| sukha anukUla hai, duHkha pratikUla hai| vadha sabako apriya hai, jIvana sabako priya hai| ataH kisI bhI jIva ko trAsa nahIM pahu~cAnA cAhie, kisI ke prati vaira aura virodha kA bhAva nahIM rakhanA cAhie / " Aja kA manuSya ahiMsA ke uparyukta mUlyoM ko bhUla gayA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa Aja vizva meM hiMsA, azAnti tanAva, jIvana-mUlyoM kA avamUlyana, sauhArda kA abhAva evaM AtaMka bar3hatA hI jA rahA hai| Aie hama una upAyoM para vicAra kareM jo mAnavatA ko vAstavika sukha pradAna karane meM samartha ho sakate haiN| manuSya : kyA mAtra eka Arthika yantra hai? Adhunika sabhyatA, jo pUrNata: bhautikavAda para AdhArita hai, ne manuSya ke vyaktitva ko saMkucita karake use mAtra eka Arthika yantra banA diyA hai| Adhunika yuga meM manuSya ne bahuta sArI vicAradhArAoM kA sahArA liyA tAki vaha pUrNa samRddha evaM sukhI bana ske| lekina kyA use sukha evaM Ananda prApta huA ? nahIM, Aja manuSya ko samRddhi to prApta huI hai, lekina vaha mAnasika zAnti prApta nahIM kara sakA / samRddhi bhI kucha cune hue varga ke logoM ko milii| kucha varSoM pahale sAmyavAda kA bahuta bar3A prabhAva thA aura lagatA thA ki yaha sAre vizva ko lAla raMga meM raMga degaa| isake pracArakoM ne kahA ki hama garIba 36, zambudAsa sTrITa, cennaI - 600001. *.

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135 evaM zoSita varga ko sampannatA evaM gaurava pradAna kareMge, sAmAnya vyakti ke jIvana ko U~cA uThAyeMge, saba meM samAnatA lAyeMge lekina mAtra 100 varSoM se bhI kama samaya meM yaha asaphala siddha huaa| vahA~ ke dezoM kI sAmAnya janatA ne hI isa vicAradhArA kA virodha kiyA, kyoMki jIvana kI Avazyaka vastuoM ke abhAva se unakA jIvana trasta ho gayA thaa| dUsarI bar3I vicAradhArA pU~jIvAda kI hai, jisakA nAyaka amerikA hai| isakA uddezya hai, prakRti ke saMsAdhanoM kA adhikatama upbhog| yaha bhogavAda para AdhArita hai| Aja vaijJAnika upakaraNoM ne sAmAnya vyakti ke jIvana ko bahuta sArI sukha-suvidhAe~ upalabdha karA dI haiM, lekina prazna uThatA hai ki- kyA manuSya kA jIvana pahale se adhika sukhI evaM sauhArdapUrNa hai? uttara nakArAtmaka hI hai| bhautikatApradhAna pAzcAtya yuga kI cakAcauMdha kA bhItarI pakSa kitanA abhizApa-grasta hai, yaha eka gambhIra viSaya hai| TUTate parivAra hAla hI meM briTena se prakAzita supratiSThita patra "di ikonaoNmisTa' ne eka riporTa prakAzita kI hai, jisane pAzcAtya jagat ke vicArakoM ko bhI caukA diyA hai| zIrSaka hai- "ikkIsavIM zatAbdI meM amarIkI parivAra kA bhvissy'| yaha riporTa zikAgo vizvavidyAlaya meM rASTrIya mata anusandhAna kendra ne 24 navambara 1999 ko prastuta kI thii| riporTa meM prakAzita kucha tathya isa prakAra haiM amerikA meM parivAroM ke saMcAlana evaM baccoM ke lAlana-pAlana meM vivAha-saMsthA kA mahattva ghaTa gayA hai| - san 1960 evaM san 1996 ke bIca 36 varSoM meM talAka kA pratizata dagunA ho gayA hai| san 1960 meM avivAhita mAtAoM kI saMkhyA 5 pratizata thI, jo san 1996 meM bar3hakara 32 pratizata ho gayI hai| san 1972 meM 72 pratizata bacce apane mAtA-pitAoM (vivAhita) ke sAtha rahate the, san 1996 meM mAtra 52 pratizata bacce apane mAtA-pitA donoM ke sAtha rahate haiN| amerikA meM vivAhita strI-puruSoM ko bhI bacce nahIM caahie| san 1972 meM 45 pratizata mAtA-pitAoM ke bacce nahIM the| san 1996 meM 62 pratizata parivAroM meM bacce nahIM hai| aba amarIkI yuvaka-yuvatiyA~ bar3I umra meM vivAha karane lage haiM tathA kaI to zAdI ke pahale kucha kAla taka zAdI-zudA jIvana kA prayoga karate haiN|

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136 amerikA meM 25 pratizata striyA~ apane patiyoM se adhika AmadanI prApta kara letI haiN| lagabhaga 6 pratizata puruSa gharelU kAma-kAja karate haiM tathA unakI patniyA~ kamAyI karatI haiN| vidyAlayoM meM hiMsA amerikA ke vidyAlaya- parisaroM meM hiMsA kI ghaTanAe~ dina-pratidina bar3hatI jA rahI haiN| apraila 1999 meM liTalaTana, kolorADo meM taba yaha carama sImA para pahu~cI, jaba kolambine hAIskUla ke do vidyArthiyoM ne apanI kakSA ke 13 sahapAThiyoM ko goliyoM se ur3A kara svayaM apane jIvana ko bhI samApta kara diyaa| nezanala esosiyezana oNpha eTornI janarala ne batAyA ki pichale sAta varSoM meM kama se kama 14 vidyAlayoM meM golI calAkara apane sahapAThiyoM ko mAra DAlane kI ghaTanAe~ ghaTita ho cukI haiN| 14 mArca 2000 ko haz2AroM amarIkI nAgarikoM ne vAziMgaTana meM eka julUsa nikAlA tathA prastAva pArita kiyA ki amarIkI kAMgresa bandUka niyantraNa kAnUna ko sakhta banAye tAki hiMsaka ghaTanAoM kI saMkhyA kama ho| vartamAna samAcAroM ke anusAra amerikA meM prati varSa 30,000 vyakti goliyoM ke zikAra hote haiN| zrI I0epha0 zUmekara ne kahA ki amerikA, jisake pAsa vizva kI mAtra 6 pratizata AbAdI hai, vizva ke 30 pratizata saMsAdhanoM kA upayoga kara letA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vizva kI eka bahuta bar3I AbAdI garIbI, abhAva evaM zoSaNa se abhizapta hai| ata: yaha siddha hotA hai ki Arthika vikAsa mAtra manuSya ke jIvana ke stara ko U~cA uThAne meM samartha nahIM hai| prakRti ke prati bhrAmaka dhAraNA zatAbdiyoM se pAzcAtya jagat meM yaha eka dhAraNA banI ki manuSya sarvazreSTha prANI hai aura yaha sampUrNa sRSTi usI ke upabhoga ke liye banI hai| phrAMsisa bekona ne 400 varSa pUrva likhA ki yaha sArI sRSTi manuSya ke liye hI banI hai, anya prANiyoM ke liye nhiiN| isa dhAraNA kA pariNAma yaha huA ki prakRti evaM usake saMsAdhanoM kA bhayaMkara zoSaNa kiyA gyaa| vijJAna ne bhI isI dhAraNA ko bar3hAvA diyA aura kahA ki pazu-pakSI, per3a-paudhoM meM prANa nahIM hai| yaha bhI batAyA gayA ki prakRti kA bhaNDAra asIma hai aura vaha mAtra manuSya ko sukhI karane ke liye hai| vaijJAnika upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se prakRti kA adhika se adhika zoSaNa kara manuSya ke jIvana ko sukhI banAyA jA sakatA hai| isa dhAraNA ke kAraNa prakRti kA jo nirmama zoSaNa ho rahA hai aura usake jo bhayAvaha pariNAma sAmane A rahe haiM, usakI ora kama logoM kA dhyAna gayA hai| enAlDa ToyanabI ne san 1972 meM landana objarvara meM likhA, "hama loga parezAna haiM kyoMki hamane adhikatama bhautika sAdhanoM ko prApta karane ke liye apanI AtmA kI bhAvanAoM ko

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137 upekSita kara diyA hai, lekina hamArA yaha prayAsa AdhyAtmika dRSTi se galata hI nahIM apitu avyAvahArika bhI hai|" hAla hI meM prakRti evaM usake sAdhanoM ke durupayoga ke bhISaNa pariNAma sAmane Aye haiN| meksikoM meM vAyu kA bhayaMkara pradUSaNa, yUkrena ke cernobila paramANu kendra kI bhayAvaha durghaTanA aura usake pariNAma, brAjIla meM varSA dene vAle jaMgaloM kI vinaSTi, svIDana meM rAsAyanika varSA dvArA jhIla kA vinAza, gaMgA jaisI mahAn nadiyoM ke jala meM pradUSaNa evaM bhopAla meM rAsAyanika gaisa kI bhISaNa durghaTanA ityAdi kucha ghaTanAe~ isa khatare ko prakaTa karatI haiN| jahA~ bhI hamArI dRSTi jAtI haiM, hamArI pRthvI isa saMkaTa se grasta naz2ara AtI hai| jIva-jantuoM kA vinAza jaisA maiMne kala bhI kahA thA, Aja pazuoM kA nirmamatA se vadha kiyA jAtA hai| khAdya padArtha, phara, camar3A evaM anya padArtha prApta karane ke liye yAntrika kArakhAnoM meM bar3I parimANa meM pazu mAre jAte haiN| manuSya ne pazuoM kI 4355 prajAtiyoM meM se 25 pratizata ko, pakSiyoM kI 8615 prajAtiyoM meM se 11 pratizata ko evaM jala-jantuoM kI kula 34 pratizata prajAtiyoM ko pUrNataH samApta kara diyA hai| manuSya kI krUratA carama sImA para pahu~ca cukI hai| grInapIsa patrikA ke anusAra aphrIkA meM 1981 meM hAthiyoM kI saMkhyA 15 lAkha thI jo 1990 meM, mAtra dasa varSoM meM, zikAra ke kAraNa ghaTakara 6 lAkha raha gyii| akTUbara 1993 meM Convention of International trade in Endangered Species ko hAthIdAMta ke vyApAra para pratibandha ghoSita karanA par3A tAki hAthiyoM kI saMkhyA aura adhika nahIM ghaTe / gAya ke mA~sa ko 'bIpha' kahate haiN| iMglaiNDa kA bIpha sabase bar3hiyA mAnA jAtA hai| yUropa meM isakI bar3I pratiSThA hai, isI ke Upara iMglaiNDa kI arthavyavasthA nirbhara karatI hai| prakRti viruddha AhAra ke kAraNa gAyeM pAgala hone lagIM tathA unakA mA~sa khAne vAle vyakti bhI pAgala hone lge| jaba yaha khabara yUropa meM phailI to unhoMne briTena se gau mA~sa maMgAnA banda kara diyaa| briTena ke logoM ne usa bImArI se grasta lAkhoM gAyoM ko mAra diyaa| hAla hI meM yUropa ke kucha dezoM meM pazuoM meM 'pA~va evaM mu~ha kI bImArI' (Foot & Mouth Disease) phaila gayI hai| isake bhI bhayAvaha pariNAma naz2ara A rahe haiN| varSA lAne vAle jaMgala lakar3I evaM anya padArtha prApta karane ke lie bar3I mAtrA meM jaMgaloM ko kATA jA rahA hai| gharelU pazuoM ko carAne ke liye tathA soyAbIna Adi kI upaja ke liye bhI jaMgaloM ko naSTa kiyA jAtA hai| mA~sAhAra ke liye pazuoM kI kRtrima paidAvAra kI jA rahI hai| isa prakAra sthAna-sthAna para jaMgala kaTane se paryAvaraNa naSTa ho rahA hai, varSA kama ho rahI hai tathA registAna bar3ha rahe haiN|

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138 audyogika durghaTanAe~ rasAyana udyogoM meM bhISaNa durghaTanAeM ho rahI haiN| jaisA ki sarvavidita hai, 1985 meM bhopAla sthita yUniyana kArabAiDa ke kArakhAne meM eka vAlva meM cheda ho jAne ke kAraNa 30 Tana lethala mithAila gaisa havA meM phaila gyii| isa jaharIlI gaisa ke duSprabhAva se 2000 vyaktiyoM kI turanta mauta ho gayI tathA 17000 vyakti hamezA ke liye sthAyI rUpa se apaMga ho gye| vizva meM bar3I mAtrA meM paramANu bamoM kA nirmANa ho rahA hai tathA usa banI huI sAmagrI ko niyantraNa meM rakhanA bahuta kaThina hai| vikasita rASTroM ke pAsa 15000 Tana paramANu astra-zastroM kA saMgraha ho cukA hai| ina paramANu kArakhAnoM meM aneka bhISaNa durghaTanAe~ bhI ghaTita huI haiN| yUkrena sthita cernobila paramANu saMyantra meM jo durghaTanA ghaTita huI, usase 20000 vyaktiyoM kI mRtyu huI aura 5 lAkha se adhika loga bImAriyoM ke zikAra hue| mA~sa udyoga evaM paryAvaraNa mA~sa kA bar3I mAtrA meM utpAdana paryAvaraNa ke vinAza kA kAraNa hai| vizva meM utpanna hone vAlA 40 pratizata anAja una pAlatU jAnavaroM ke cAre ke liye vyaya hotA hai, nanheM bAda meM mA~sa paidA karane ke liye katla kara diyA jAtA hai| yadi vizva meM mA~sa kA utpAdana kama kara diyA jAya to paryAvaraNa ke sudhAra para anukUla asara pdd'egaa| taba kama mAtrA meM vRkSoM ko kATanA par3egA evaM bhUmi kA kaTAva bhI ghaTa jaayegaa| upabhoktAvAda upabhoktAvAda kA vistAra isa pAzcAtya vicAradhArA para AdhArita hai ki vastuoM kA adhikatama utpAdana vizva kI sabhI Arthika samasyAoM kA samAdhAna hai aura isI se janasAmAnya kA Arthika evaM sAmAjika vikAsa sambhava ho sakatA hai| apane jIvana ko samRddha banAne ke liye hameM vastuoM kA adhikatama saMgraha evaM upabhoga karanA caahie| amerikA ke loga Aja san 1950 kI tulanA meM vastuoM kA dugunA saMgraha evaM upabhoga kara rahe haiN| prazna uThatA hai ki san 1950 kI tulanA meM kyA ve dugunA sukhI haiM? yaha upabhoktAvAda kA siddhAnta anaitika siddhAntoM para AdhArita hai jahA~ svArtha kI bhAvanA hI pramukha hai tathA sAmAjika kalyANa kA mahattva gauNa hai| kahate haiM ki janasaMkhyA kI asImita vRddhi paryAvaraNa ke vinAza kA mukhya kAraNa haiM aura isameM koI sandeha bhI nahIM hai lekina samRddha samudAya kI vastuoM ke bAre meM bar3hatI huI mAMga aura tRSNA bhI paryAvaraNa vinAza kA eka bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai, isakI ora kama dhyAna diyA gayA hai|

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139 The World wide Fund for Nature 374 Living Planet Report 2000 meM kahA hai ki Aja vastuoM kI jitanI mAMga bar3ha rahI haiM, usase lagatA hai ki pRthvI upagraha meM jitane saMsAdhana haiM, unase 30 pratizata adhika saMsAdhanoM kI AvazyakatA hogii| isameM Age kahA gayA ki yadi avikasita dezoM ke vyakti bhI vikasita dezoM ke logoM ke samAna apanI AvazyakatAoM kI abhivRddhi karate raheMge to unakI mAMga kI pUrti ke liye aura do pRthvI upagrahoM kI AvazyakatA pdd'egii| rio Di jenero meM san 1992 meM Ayojita pRthvI zikhara sammelana meM yaha bhAva vyakta kiyA gayA ki "vizva meM paryAvaraNa ke nirantara hone vAle hrAsa kA mukhya kAraNa vikasita rASTroM kI bar3hatI huI mA~geM tathA unakA atyadhika upayoga hai, yadi ise niyantrita nahIM kiyA gayA to paryAvaraNa kA saMkaTa bar3hatA hI jAyegA / " isa paristhiti meM jainadharma ke mUlyoM kI kyA bhUmikA hai? isa para bhI vicAra kiyA jAnA Avazyaka hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ne uttarAdhyayanasUtra meM kahA, "jahA~ para bhautika padArthoM ke atyadhika saMgraha evaM unake upayoga kI bhAvanA rahatI hai, vahA~ para parigraha evaM tRSNA kI vRddhi ho jAtI hai|" tRSNA se manuSya ke mana meM aura adhika vastuoM ke saMgraha karane kI bhAvanA jagatI hai| isa prakAra kI ati saMgraha kI bhAvanA azAnti meM pariNata ho jAtI hai| kevala apane svArtha ko hI bar3hAte cale jAnA mAnavIya ucca bhAvanAoM yathA karuNA Adi ko bhI vinaSTa kara detA hai| Aja jo upabhoktA sAmagrI kI mA~ga nirantara bar3hatI jA rahI hai, usase koI sAdhAraNa vyakti bhI achUtA nahIM raha sakatA hai| jaba usa vyakti kI mA~goM kI pUrti nahIM hotI to usake mana meM cintA evaM kSobha paidA ho jAtA hai| isake kAraNa sAmAnya AmadanI kA vyakti kabhI-kabhI apanA mAnasika santulana kho detA hai| corI evaM DAke ityAdi bhI bar3ha jAte haiN| upabhoktAvAda sAdhAraNa vyakti ko sampanna vyaktiyoM kA anukaraNa karane ko bAdhya karatA hai, jisase unakA manovaijJAnika evaM naitika adhaHpatana ho jAtA hai| bar3hatA huA upabhoktAvAda vyakti ke jIvana meM azAnti, tanAva, IrSyA, dveSa ityAdi paidA kara detA hai| pradUSaNa kA prakopa Aja aneka dezoM meM pradUSaNa kA prakopa itanA bar3ha gayA hai ki vahA~ vizuddha jala evaM vAyu kA milanA bhI durlabha ho gayA hai| rAsAyanika khAda ke atyadhika prayoga se hiMsA to hotI hai, jamIna kI urvarA zakti kA bhI kSaraNa ho rahA hai| kaI dezoM meM nadiyoM kA pAnI itanA dUSita ho gayA hai ki vaha pIne ke lAyaka nahIM rahA / kArakhAnoM se nikalane vAle dhue~ evaM gandagI kA bhI paryAvaraNa para ghAtaka prabhAva par3a rahA hai| pRthvI zikhara sammelana meM isa bAta para bhI cintA vyakta kI gayI ki prakRti ke saMsAdhanoM kA bhaNDAra dhIre-dhIre kama hotA jA rahA hai| Aja duniyA ke 7-8 samRddha deza 80 pratizata saMsAdhanoM kA

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140 upayoga kara rahe haiN| inakI janasaMkhyA mAtra 20 pratizata hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vizva kI eka bar3I AbAdI garIbI, kupoSaNa, bhUkha, bImArI ityAdi se grasita hai| vikasita evaM avikasita dezoM meM asamAnatA bar3hatI hI jA rahI hai| ahiMsA kA mahattva bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo sabase bar3A sandeza diyA vaha ahiMsA kA sandeza hai| ahiMsA kA artha hai jIva mAtra ke prati prema, sammAna evaM ekAtmatA kA bhaav| yahIM bhAva Aja ke vizva meM vAstavika sukha, zAnti evaM sauhArda utpanna kara sakatA hai| vartamAna vizva kI samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa meM isa siddhAnta kI kyA bhUmikA hai, isa para vicAra kiyA jAnA caahie| ahiMsA kA siddhAnta kevala manuSyoM yA pazuoM taka hI sImita nahIM hai; kintu isakA kSetra bahuta vyApaka hai| jainadharma mAnatA hai ki vanaspati meM bhI jIva hai| yahA~ taka ki pRthvI, agni, jala evaM vAyu meM bhI adRzya jIva haiM, jinheM ekendriya jIva kahate haiN| ata: unakI bhI rakSA kI jAnI caahie| ata: jainadharma ke anusAra vRkSoM ko kATanA yA vanaspati ko naSTa karanA, bhUmi ko anAvazyaka khodanA, jala kA anAvazyaka bar3I mAtrA meM upayoga hiMsA kA kAraNa hai| Aja paryAvaraNa vaijJAnika evaM vanya-jantu vizeSajJa bhI kahate haiM ki jaMgalI jAnavaroM kI rakSA karanI cAhie, kyoMki ve prakRti kA santulana banAne meM sahAyaka haiN| pratyeka jIva kA, cAhe vaha choTI-sI cIMTI ho yA 'bRhadAkAya hAthI, prakRti kI surakSA meM mahattva hai| Aja vanaspati ke rakSaNa, nadiyoM ko pradUSaNa se bacAne evaM pRthvI kI sampadA kI rakSA ke liye Andolana cala rahe haiN| isa prakAra tIrthaGkaroM ne hajAroM varSa pahale prANI-rakSA para jo jora diyA thA, usI kA samarthana Aja ke vaijJAnika kara rahe haiN| prakRti ke sAtha saha-astitva vizva ke sabhI prANiyoM ko prakRti ke sAtha sauhArdapUrNa sambandha banAnA caahie| tattvArthasUtra meM AcArya umAsvAti ne kahA, "parasparopagraho jIvAnAm' arthAt saMsAra ke sabhI prANI eka dUsare ko sahayoga pradAna karate haiN| ve eka dUsare se alaga nahIM raha skte| unako eka dUsare ke sukha-duHkha ko samajha kara usameM sahabhAgI bananA caahie| durbhAgya se Aja kA manuSya apane Apako sarvazreSTha jIva mAnatA hai aura vaha prakRti kI sabhI zaktiyoM para niyantraNa karanA cAhatA hai| yaha eka bhrAmaka dhAraNA hai| manuSya ko jIvita rahane meM vanaspati, nadiyA~, pahAr3a, jIva-jantu ityAdi usakI madada karate haiM ata: agara manuSya jIvana meM zAnti evaM Ananda cAhatA hai to use una sabhI kI rakSA karanI cAhie tathA unako zoSaNa se bacAnA caahie| jaina karma-siddhAnta ke anusAra hiMsA jIva ke bandhana kA mukhya kAraNa hai, isase AtmA kI zaktiyAM kSINa hotI haiM tathA manuSya rAga evaM dveSa se grasita hokara patana ko

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141 prApta hotA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa janma evaM maraNa kA cakra bar3hatA hI jAtA hai| kyA hama kisI aise samAja kI kalpanA kara sakate haiM jahA~ sabhI hiMsA se grasta haiM? vahA~ kisI prakAra kI zAnti sambhava hI nahIM hai| vaha to jaMgala kA rAjya hai| kucha vyakti kahate haiM ki jIvo jIvasya bhojanam arthAt eka jIva dUsare jIva kA bhojana hai lekina yaha siddhAnta bhI sahI nahIM hai| vAstava meM sabhI jIva eka dUsare ke sahayoga se hI jIvita rahate haiM, vikAsa pAte haiN| jaba jIva eka dUsare ko paraspara sahayoga, prema evaM karuNA pradAna karate haiM taba yaha pRthvI sabake liye sukhakArI ho jAtI hai| ataeva ahiMsA kA siddhAnta Aja bhI sabhI samasyAoM kA eka vyAvahArika evaM prabhAvazAlI samAdhAna hai| jainadharma ke anusAra hiMsA kA kAraNa kaSAya evaM pramAda hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra ne kahA, "krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha- ye cAra durguNa pApa kI vRddhi karane vAle haiN| jo apanI AtmA kI bhalAI cAhate haiM, unheM ina doSoM kA parityAga kara denA caahie|" isI prakAra pramAda bhI hiMsA kA bahuta bar3A kAraNa hai| pramAda kaI prakAra ke haiM- madya (zarAba pInA), viSaya (kAma bhoga), kaSAya aura vikathA (arthahIna, rAgadveSavarddhaka vaartaa)| jainadharma meM isalie bhAva hiMsA arthAt mAnasika hiMsA se bhI virata rahane ko kahA gyaa| mAnasika hiMsA sabase bhayaMkara hai| vyAvahArika jIvana meM ahiMsA eka gRhastha ke liye ahiMsA kA pUrNatA se pAlana karanA sambhava nahIM hai| ata: jaina AcAryoM ne hiMsAtmaka gatividhiyoM ke do bhAga kiye- 1- kucha jinheM pUrNatA se tyAganA cAhie aura 2- kucha jinheM AMzika rUpa se tyAganA caahie| punaH hiMsA kA cAra bhAgoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA1. saMkalpI hiMsA : jAna-bUjha kara prANiyoM kI hiMsA karanA jaise sAMDoM kI ldd'aaii| 2. ArambhI hiMsA : gRhasthI ko calAne ke lie jisa hiMsA se bacanA sambhava nahIM hai jaise ghara kI saphAI yA bhojana banAne meM kisI jIva kI anajAna meM hiNsaa| 3. udyogI : AjIvikA ke liye arthAt udyoga yA vyApAra calAne meM yA kRSi meM hone vAlI hiNsaa| 4. virodhI : apane jIvana, sampatti yA deza kI rakSA hetu hone vAlI hiNsaa| sAdhu loga uparyukta cAroM prakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAga karate haiM para eka gRhastha ko prathama prakAra kI hiMsA kA pUrNa tyAga karanA cAhie, lekina anya tIna prakAra kI hiMsA kA tyAga usake liye sambhava nahIM hai lekina unameM bhI viveka yA jAgarUkatApUrvaka jIvanayApana karanA Avazyaka hai|

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142 ahiMsA kA jo nakArAtmaka rUpa hai usakI ora sabakA dhyAna gayA hai para usakA jo sakArAtmaka rUpa hai usa para kama dhyAna diyA gyaa| sakArAtmaka rUpa kSamA, karuNA, dayA, dAna aura nisvArtha sevA ke rUpa meM abhivyakta hotA hai| yadyapi vizva ke dharmoM ko mAnane vAloM kI tulanA meM jainadharma ke mAnane vAloM kI saMkhyA bahuta kama hai, lekina apane dharma ke prati niSThA, ahiMsA evaM sadAcAra kA pAlana, vyasana mukta jIvana Adi ko mahattva dene ke kAraNa kama saMkhyA ke hote hue bhI jaina samAja ne apanI viziSTatA bhArata evaM videzoM meM sthApita kI hai| jaina sAdhu aura sAdhvI apanI sAdagI, akiJcanatA, tyAga aura tapasyA kI bhAvanA, paidala vihAra tathA pUrNa aparigraha kA pAlana karane ke kAraNa suvikhyAta haiM aura sAre vizva meM sammAnita haiN| siddhAntoM kI kaThoratA tathA AcaraNa kI durUhatA ke kAraNa unakI saMkhyA avazya hI kama hai; kintu jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra karane meM unakA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| lekina vartamAna meM jaina samAja kucha samasyAoM se grasita ho gayA hai| prAmANikatA meM kacha kamI AyI hai| pahale jo rAtribhojana ke tyAga kA kAphI pAlana hotA thA vaha aba nAgarika sabhyatA va jIvana kI jaTilatAoM ke vikAsa ke kAraNa kAphI kama ho kAyA hai| pahale jaina apane zuddha evaM sAtvika zAkAhArI bhojana ke kAraNa prasiddha the para Aja bahuta se loga khAna-pAna evaM rahana-sahana kA kar3AI ke sAtha pAlana nahIM kara rahe haiN| jainadharma meM hiMsA ke tyAga kA pUrNa mahattva hai para Aja AjIvikA, udyama evaM vyApAra meM hiMsA, satya-asatya va caurya-acaurya kA koI viveka nahIM raha gayA hai| dainika jIvana meM sAmAyika-pratikramaNa, upavAsa evaM vratAdi ke pAlana meM bhI kamajorI AyI hai| sAdhu varga meM bhI niyamoM va AcAra ke pAlana meM kucha zithilatA AyI hai| Aja sAdhuoM evaM zrAvakoM ke AcAra ke liye eka sarvasammata AcaraNa saMhitA (Code of Conduct) banAne kI AvazyakatA hai| hamAre sabhI variSTha sAdhuoM, sAdhviyoM, zrAvakoM evaM zrAvikAoM ko baiThakara milakara ise taiyAra karanA caahie| zrAvakoM ke liye jo AcAra-saMhitA bane usameM mukhya rUpa se nimna niyamoM kA pAlana rakhA jAya 1. zAkAhAra kA pAlana, 2. rahana-sahana meM sAdagI, 3. vyasanamukta jIvana, 4. AjIvikA, vyApAra evaM udyama meM hiMsA kA tyAga, 5. vyaktigata jIvana meM prAmANikatA evaM naitikatA kA vyvhaar| sabase bar3I bAta hai ki Aja cAroM ora murgI, aNDe, mAMsAhAra va matsyAhAra kA jo pracAra ho rahA hai tathA naye-naye katlakhAne bana rahe haiM unakA sArA jaina samAja sAmUhika rUpa se virodha kre| zAkAhAra vaijJAnika dRSTi se svAsthya ke liye hitakArI

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143 hai tathA mAMsAhAra se jo bhayaMkara bImAriyA~ phailatI hai, unakA sAmUhika pracAra karane kI AvazyakatA hai| yaha jaina samAja ke liye sabase bar3I cunautI hai| vartamAna jaina samAja naye sandarbha meM samaya kI AvazyakatA ko pahacAnakara ekatA va saMgaThana ko sudRr3ha karake ahiMsA, karuNA, prema va vyasana mukta jIvana kI ora Age bar3hakara sampUrNa vizva meM anekAnta, saha-astitva, puruSArtha, karmavAda, samatA tathA vyakti svAtantrya kI bhAvanA kA pracAra karane meM sabala siddha hogA, yahI hama AzA karate haiN|

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jaina dharma aura zaiva siddhAnta darzana kA sAdhanA pakSa : eka tulanAtmaka adhyayana (zodha-prabandha - sAra) zrImatI zAradA siMha yadyapi saMsAra ke bAhya bhautika svarUpa meM saMcAra sAdhanoM, vaijJAnika AviSkAroM Adi kI kramazaH vikAsazIlatA se bahuta adhika parivartana huA hai; kintu saMsAra ke Antarika pakSa yA AdhyAtmikatA meM koI vizeSa parivartana nahIM huA hai| Ananda prApti, anurAga aura sudhA kI purAtana zaktiyAM aura hRdayagata nirdoSa ullAsa evaM bhaya ityAdi mAnava ke svAbhAvika guNa haiN| Aja ke bhautikavAdI yuga meM bhautikavAda kI unnati to huI hai; kintu AdhyAtmikatA kI ora mAnava ne utanI unnati nahIM kI hai jitanI apekSita hai| mAnava jaba AdhyAtmikatA ke prabhAva meM AtA hai to usake sAmane lakSya nirdhAraNa kI eka jaTila prakriyA hotI hai aura yaha lakSya vaha mAtra bhAvAveza meM nahIM apitu viveka zakti se nirdhAraNa karatA hai| mAnava jise apane jIvana kA sukha mAnatA hai vaha vAstava meM usakA mRtyu kI tarapha barAbara prayANa hai / ata: jaba taka mAnava apane vAstavika lakSya kA nirdhAraNa nahIM kara letA taba taka usakA jIvana vyartha aura nirAdhAra hai| mAnava ke sAmane sabase bar3I samasyA jagat meM vyApaka rUpa se phaile duHkhoM ke Atyantika nivRtti kI hai aura sambhavataH yaha samasyA bhAratIya darzana kI mahattvapUrNa samasyA bhI hai| manuSya ke liye yaha nizcaya kara pAnA kaThina hai ki usakA vAstavika sukha kyA hai ? kyoMki usake pazcAt hI vaha jAna sakatA hai ki jIvana kA antima lakSya kyA hai aura use kaise prApta kiyA jA sakatA hai? prAyaH Adhunika vicArakoM kI dRSTi darzana kA artha bhAgya para bharosA, tapasyA Adi se pArthiva zarIra ko tyAga denA ityAdi hai; kintu sacce artha meM AdhyAtmikatA se prerita vyakti bhAratIya vicAradhArA ke andara se aise sAmagrI ko DhUr3ha nikAlatA hai jisakA koI samamUlya nahIM hai / zodhachAtrA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, zodhanirdezaka - DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, variSTha pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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145 bhAratIya darzana meM mAnava jIvana ke dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa ye cAra puruSArtha mAne gaye haiN| sAdhya yA Adarza - dRSTi se vicAra karane para cAroM puruSArthoM meM se mokSa ko hI samasta bhAratIya tathA pAzcAtya darzanoM meM sAdhya ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki sAre prayAsa jisake liye haiM vaha AdhyAtmikatA kI prApti hai| yaha eka tathya hai ki sabhI puruSArtha dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa eka dUsare se svatantra aura nirapekSa hokara nahIM raha skte| mokSa ke liye dharma Avazyaka hai, dharma ke liye zarIra, jo ki kAma se pUrA hotA hai aura usakI pUrti ke liye artha bhI samAna rUpa se upayogI hai| ataH parama sAdhya mokSa hai aura isa sAdhya kI prApti ke liye alaga-alaga sAdhanoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| samUce bhAratIya darzana kA lakSya bhI isa parama puruSArtha kI prApti tathA parama sAdhya ke upAyoM kA vizad va gahana vizleSaNa karanA hai| yadyapi vibhinna dArzanika sampradAyoM tathA paramparAoM ne apanI-apanI dRSTi se viziSTa sAdhanA mArgoM kI sthApanA kI; kintu sAdhanA mArga ke pratipAdana meM inameM paryApta matavaibhinna hai phira bhI unakA parama lakSya usa parama dhyeya ko pAnA hai jisake liye manuSya nirantara prayatnazIla rahA hai| mAnava mastiSka ke itihAsa meM bhAratIya vicAradhArA kA eka atyanta zaktizAlI aura bhAvapUrNa sthAna hai| bhAratIya vicAradhArA kI avaidika paramparA kA jaina darzana tathA Agamika-paramparA kA zaiva darzana bhI isa cintana bhUmi meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhate haiN| jaina darzana zramaNa-paramparA ke anurUpa tathA zaiva darzana Agamika paramparA ke anurUpa apane-apane sAdhanA mArgoM kA varNana karate haiM aura usase kahIM jyAdA sAdhanA mArgoM ke pratipAdana meM apanI gambhIratA dikhAte haiN| samagra jaina AdhyAtmika sAdhanA ko samatva kI sAdhanA kaha sakate haiN| jaina darzana kI aisI vicAraNA hai ki vyakti cAhe digambara ho yA zvetAmbara, bauddha ho yA anya kisI mata kA lekina jo bhI samabhAva kA hogA vaha niHsandeha mokSa prApta kregaa| jaina AcAra darzana ke anusAra samyak jJAna, samyak darzana, samyak cAritra aura samyak tapa- ye sAdhanA patha haiM aura jaba ye samyak catuSTaya ananta jJAna, ananta darzana, ananta saukhya aura ananta zakti ko upalabdha kara lete haiM to vahI avasthA sAdhya bana jAtI hai| sAdhanA patha aura sAdhya donoM hI AtmA kI avasthAe~ haiN| AtmA kI samyak avasthA sAdhanA patha hai aura pUrNa avasthA sAdhya hai| Agamika - paramparA ke zaiva siddhAnta kI sAdhanA ke sandarbha meM aisI mAnyatA hai| ki yaha saMsAra maloM se Abaddha hai| jaba taka maloM se pUrNa nivRtti nahIM hogI, duHkha kI pUrvaratA banI rahegI / ataH zaiva siddhAnta kA ziva jIvAtmAoM kI bhalAI ke uddezya se jagat kI racanA karatA hai aura jIvAtmAoM ko duHkhoM se mukti dilAnA cAhatA hai| ziva ke isa uddezya ke pIche usakA lakSya jIva ko sRSTi prakriyA meM sakriya rUpa se bhAga lene ke liye prerita karanA hai| ataH ziva lIlA dvArA use mAyotpAdita zarIra, pradAna

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146 karatA hai tathA karma karane ke liye prerita karatA hai tathA saMhAra dvArA AtmAoM ko vizrAma kA avasara bhI detA hai| ziva jIva para anugraha dvArA zaktipAta karatA hai| zaktipAta ke anantara dIkSA se jIva zivoham bhAvanA kA anubhava karatA hai aura yahI bhAvanA mokSa kA svarUpa hai| prastuta zodha prabandha sAta bhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai| prathama adhyAya do khaNDoM meM vibhAjita hai| prathama khaNDa meM jainadharma ke itihAsa aura sAhitya ke antargata usake vikAsa aura prAdurbhAva kA kramika adhyayana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM jaina darzana kI prAcInatA sambandhI sAkSyoM ke varNana ke sAtha-sAtha 24 tIrthaGkaroM ke jIvana aura upalabdhi kA saMkSipta paricaya diyA gayA hai| jaina darzana kA sAhitya atyanta vizAla hai ata: use eka adhyAya ke antargata sameTane kA prayAsa to vyartha hai phira bhI use prastuta zodhaprabandha meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM zaiva siddhAnta kA itihAsa aura usakI prAcInatA sambandhI sAkSyoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| zaivadarzana kI prAcInatA sindhu sabhyatA ke bhI pahale se mAnI jAtI hai| isa sAkSya ke anusAra zaiva darzana atyanta prAcIna hai| isa prabandha meM Agama kAla, zaiva santoM kA kAla aura dArzanika kAla ina tInoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| yadyapi zaivAgama ke viSaya meM sAmagrI atyanta alpa mAtrA meM hI upalabdha hai phira bhI yathA "upalabdha sAmagrI ke AdhAra para yahA~ isakA vivecana hai| dvitIya adhyAya "zaiva darzana meM sAdhya' ke antargata tIna pramukha tattva jIva, bandhana aura mokSa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ye tInoM tattva khaNDa 'a','ba' aura 'sa' meM vibhAjita haiN| zaiva darzana meM jIva, bandhana aura mokSa ko mahattvapUrNa mAnA gayA hai| zaiva siddhAnta darzana meM tInoM tattvoM ko pati, pazu aura pAza kI saMjJA dI gayI hai| tRtIya adhyAya ke antargata jaina darzana ke tIna pramukha tatvoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| prastuta adhyAya meM jIva tattva kA parimANa, bheda, prakAra tathA jIva kA bandhana aura bandhana uccheda kI prakriyA kA vivecana karate hue jIva tattva ke mokSa kA varNana kiyA hai| caturtha adhyAya meM sAdhanA kI avadhAraNA ke antargata jaina darzana meM varNita triratna kA saMkSipta vivecana kiyA gayA hai tathA sAtha hI sAtha yaha batAyA gayA hai ki jaina darzana meM bhakti dvArA bhI mokSa kI prApti kI jA sakatI hai| isa prakAra isa adhyAya meM karmamArga, bhaktimArga, jJAnamArga aura yogamArga kA vizad vivecana hai| paJcama adhyAya meM zaiva siddhAnta meM sAdhanA kI avadhAraNA kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| zaiva siddhAnta meM sAdhanA kA vizada vivecana hote hue bhI usakI sAdhanA sambandhI sAkSya atyanta alpa mAtrA meM prApta hote haiN| zaiva siddhAnta meM mokSa ke cAroM mArgoM karma,

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147 bhakti, jJAna aura yogamArga ke sAtha-sAtha zivoham, 'dazakriyANI', 'zaktipAta' dIkSA Adi kA bhI mokSa ke sAdhana athavA upAya ke rUpa meM vivecana kiyA gayA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM donoM darzanoM kA tulanAtmaka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai tathA donoM darzanoM kI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM meM samAnatA aura viSamatA kA yahA~ vivecana kiyA gayA hai| jaina darzana nivRttimArgI hai aura zaiva darzana pravRttimArgI ataH donoM kI sAdhanA paddhatiyoM meM viSamatA svAbhAvika hai jisakI tulanA bhAratIya vicAradhArA ke antargata kI gayI hai / saptama aura antima adhyAya upasaMhAra hai, jisameM zodha-prabandha ke uparyukta adhyAyoM meM vivecita pramukha binduoM kI samIkSA prastuta hai /

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siddhasena divAkara ke 'sanmatitarka' kA dArzanika adhyayana (zodhaprabandha-sAra) zrImatI kiraNa zrIvAstava bhAratIya darzana meM jaina darzana kA eka viziSTa sthAna hai| AcAra meM ahiMsA, vicAra meM anekAntavAda, vANI meM syAdvAda tathA samAja meM aparigraha ye cAra mukhya stambha haiM jina para samUcA jaina dArzanika prAsAda avasthita hai| jaina darzana meM tattvamImAMsIya evaM jJAnamImAMsIya avadhAraNAoM kA atyanta sUkSma vivecana evaM tadanusAra usa para virATa dArzanika sAhitya kA sRjana huA hai| sAhitya kI dRSTi se atyanta samRddha jaina darzana kA sampUrNa tattvajJAna Agama tathA Agametara sAhitya meM upalabdha hai| AgamoM meM nibaddha gUr3ha dArzanika mAnyatAoM ke prakaTIkaraNa meM Agametara dArzanika sAhitya kA viziSTa avadAna hai| kAlakrama ke AdhAra para jaina darzana ke vikAsa kI nimna avasthAe~ milatI haiM (1) Agamika yuga- bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa se lekara karIba eka hajAra varSa kA arthAt vikrama kI pAMcavIM zatAbdI tk| (2) anekAnta sthApanA yuga- vikrama kI pA~cavIM zatAbdI se AThavIM zatAbdI tk| (3) dArzanika samIkSA yuga- vikrama kI AThavIM se satrahavIM zatAbdI tk| (4) navIna nyAya yuga- vikrama kI satrahavIM se Adhunika smyprynt| inameM anekAnta sthApanA yuga vaha samaya hai jaba jaina paramparAgata dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA sthirIkaraNa huA tathA unakI tArkika gaveSaNA kI gyii| isa yuga meM aneka aise AcArya hue jinhoMne apanI tArkika kSamatA se pUrvasthApita dArzanika mAnyatAoM kA vizleSaNa kara apane katipaya viziSTa siddhAntoM kA pratipAdana kiyaa| anekAnta sthApanA yuga ke pA~ca pramukha dArzanika haiM-- AcArya siddhasena, AcArya samantabhadra, AcArya mallavAdI, AcArya bhaTTaakalaMka aura paatrkeshrii| siddhasena divAkara (4thI-5vIM zatI) isa yuga ke pramukha dArzanika haiN| tArkika dRSTi se anekAntavAda ko *. zodhachAtrA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, zodha-nirdezaka, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, variSTha pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI.

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149 prastuta karane kA bahuta bar3A zreya AcArya siddhasena divAkara ko hai| AcArya siddhasena jaina sAhitya meM, saMskRta bhASA meM tarkapUrNa kAvyamaya stuti kI racanA karane vAle prathama dArzanika bhI haiN| inhoMne darzana ke kSetra meM nayI dRSTiyA~ dIM, jaina- nyAya kA bIjAropaNa kiyA tathA jaina siddhAntoM kA tarkapurassara sUkSma adhyayana kara tAttvika mAnyatAoM para cintana manana kA dvAra udghATita kiyA / mahAvIropadiSTa nayavAda aura syAdvAda ko AdhAra banAkara siddhasena ne jaina siddhAntoM kI apanI tArkika gaveSaNA prArambha kii| siddhasena ne sanmatitarka, battIsabattIsiyoM (dvAtriMzat dvAtriMzikA), nyAyAvatAra, kalyANamandirastotra Adi granthoM kI racanA kI jisameM sanmatitarka kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| sanmatitarka AcArya siddhasena kI eka mahattvapUrNa prAkRta racanA hai| jisa samaya sanmatitarka kI racanA huI usa samaya Agama samarthaka jaina vidvAn prAkRta bhASA ko poSaNa de rahe the| sambhavataH ina vidvAnoM kI abhiruci kA sammAna karane ke liye hI sanmatitarka kI racanA siddhasena ne prAkRta bhASA meM kI hai| pramANa-viSayaka sAmagrI ko prastuta karane vAlA yaha sarvaprathama jaina grantha hai| isa grantha ke kalevara meM tIna kANDa evaM 167 gAthAeM haiN| prathama kANDa meM 54 gAthAe~ haiM aura isameM nayavAda kA vizad vivecana kiyA gayA hai| nayoM kA gambhIra talasparzI cintana karane vAloM ko yaha kANDa samucita sAmagrI prastuta karatA hai| dUsare kANDa meM 43 gAthAe~ haiM, jo paJcajJAna kA samucita vivecana prastuta karatI haiN| tRtIya kANDa meM 60 gAthAe~ haiM, isameM jJeyatattva kI carcA ke sAtha anekAnta aura syAdvAda kI tarkAnuprANita vyAkhyA kI gayI hai / tattvacintana ke samyak patha kI vyAkhyA karate hue siddhasena ne ATha bAtoM para jora diyA, isameM se cAra bAteM to ve hI haiM, jina para svayaM mahAvIra ne jora diyA thaa| ve cAra bAte haiM- dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhaav| isake atirikta paryAya, deza, saMyoga aura bheda para bhI unhoMne jora diyaa| vaise dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva meM zeSa cAroM kA bhI samAveza ho jAtA hai| vastu tattva ke samyak vizleSaNa ke liye ina dRSTiyoM kA honA atyanta Avazyaka hai / siddhasena ne eka nayI paramparA sthApita kI- vaha paramparA hai- darzana aura jJAna ke abheda kii| jainoM kI Agamika paramparA sarvajJa ke darzana aura jJAna ko bhinna mAnatI thii| siddhasena ne isa mAnyatA para prahAra kiyA aura apane tarkabala se yaha siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA ki sarvajJa ke darzana aura jJAna meM koI bheda nahIM hai / sarvajJatva ke avasara para pahu~ca kara donoM eka rUpa ho jAte haiN| unhoMne avadhi aura mana:paryaya ko bhI eka siddha karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| sAtha hI jJAna aura zraddhA ko bhI eka siddha kiyA hai| siddhasena ne jainAgamoM meM prasiddha sAta nayoM ke sthAna para chaH nayoM kI sthApanA kii| naigama ko svatantra naya na mAnakara siddhasena ne use saMgraha aura vyavahAra meM samAviSTa kara diyaa|

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150 unhoMne kahA ki jitane vacana ke prakAra ho sakate haiM, utane hI naya ke prakAra ho sakate haiM, jitane nayavAda ho sakate haiM aura utane mata-matAntara bhI ho sakate haiN| jJAna aura kriyA meM ekAntika Agraha ko cunautI dete hue siddhasena ne ghoSaNA kI ki jJAna aura kriyA donoM Avazyaka haiN| jJAna aura kriyA kA samyaka saMyoga hI vAstavika sukha pradAna kara sakatA hai| janma aura maraNa se mukti pAne ke liye jJAna aura kriyA donoM Avazyaka haiN| isa prakAra ke kaI mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta AcArya siddhasena dvArA pratiSThApita kiye gaye haiN| siddhasena ne vAstava meM jaina darzana ke itihAsa meM eka naye yuga kI sthApanA kii| unakI racanAoM meM sanmatitarka hI aisI racanA hai, jisake kartRtva ko lekara koI vivAda nahIM hai| zvetAmbara aura digambara donoM AmnAya ise siddhasena divAkara kI hI kRti mAnate haiN| inakI anya racanAe~ nyAyAvatAra, dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA tathA kalyANamandirastotra ko lekara Aja bhI vidvAnoM meM matabheda hai| arvAcIna vidvAn nyAyAvatAra ko siddhasena kI kRti nahIM mAnate haiN| isake pakSa aura vipakSa meM uThAye gaye aneka praznoM kA satarka samAdhAna zodha-prabandha meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| apane isa zodha-prabandha meM hamane sanmatitarka meM nihita jJAnamImAMsIya aura tattvamImAMsIya viSayoM kI tarkAnuprANita vyAkhyA ke lie samUce zodhaprabandha ko cha: adhyAyoM meM bA~TA gayA haiprathama adhyAya : bhAratIya dArzanika cintana meM jaina darzana kA sthAna prastuta zodhaprabandha ke prathama adhyAya meM tIna khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM jaina dArzanika cintana kA sAmAnya paricaya hai jisake antargata jaina darzana kA udbhava evaM vikAsa, 24 tIrthaGkaroM kI paramparA, jaina-Agama sAhitya, pramANamImAMsA, jJAnamImAMsA, tattvamImAMsA, karmamImAMsA aura AcAramImAMsA kI vistRta carcA prastuta kI gayI hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM jaina dArzanika cintana kI viziSTatA, anekAntavAda kA artha, svarUpa, anekAntavAda aura ekAntavAda, anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda, vibhinna darzanoM meM anekAntavAda, anekAntavAda kI vyApakatA aura anekAntavAda kI dArzanika pRSThabhUmi kI vistRta carcA prastuta kI gayI hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM jaina dArzanika cintana ke aitihAsika vikAsakrama, Agamika yuga, anekAnta sthApanA yuga, dArzanika samIkSA yuga kI vistRta vivecanA hai| dvitIya adhyAya : siddhasena divAkara aura unakI kRtiyA~ dvitIya adhyAya meM kula chaH khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM jaina dArzanikoM meM siddhasena divAkara kA sthAna, dvitIya khaNDa meM unakA jIvana vRttAnta, tRtIya khaNDa meM siddhasena kI cAra mahattvapUrNa kRtiyA~- sanmatitarka, dvAtriMzadvAtriMzikA, nyAyAvatAra aura

Page #157
151 kalyANamandirastotra kA vistRta vivecana hai| caturtha khaNDa meM siddhasena kI kRtiyoM meM sanmatitarka kA kyA sthAna hai, isakI vizada vivecanA kI gayI hai| paJcama khaNDa meM unake kAla kA nirdhAraNa kiyA gayA hai tathA chaThe khaNDa meM siddhasena ke dArzanika avadAna ke antargata darzana aura jJAna ke yugapat bhAva kA pratipAdana pakSa aura vipakSa, nayoM kA punarvargIkaraNa, jJAna aura kriyA ke ekAntika Agraha kA nirAkaraNa, anekAnta vyavasthApana, jaina darzana ko siddhasena divAkara kA avadAna Adi viSayoM kI vistRta carcA kI gayI hai| tRtIya adhyAya : sanmatitarka kA sAmAnya paricaya _tRtIya adhyAya meM pA~ca khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM sanmatitarka kI bhASA, gAthA saMkhyA, racanA kAla kI carcA prastuta kI gayI hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM sanmatitarka kI viSaya-vastu kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM sanmatitarka para pUrvavartI dArzanikoM kA kyA prabhAva hai, isakI vyAkhyA kI gayI hai| caturtha khaNDa meM sanmatitarka para uttaravartI dArzanikoM kA kyA prabhAva hai, isakA vizad vivecana kiyA gayA hai| paJcama khaNDa meM sanmatitarka ke mahattva aura mUlyAMkana kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| caturtha adhyAya : sanmatitarka meM vibhinna dArzanika siddhAntoM kA khaNDana prastuta zodha-prabandha ke caturtha adhyAya meM tIna khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM sanmatitarkakAra dvArA aupaniSadika advaitavAda kA khaNDana, dvitIya khaNDa meM bauddhoM ke kSaNa-bhaMgavAda kA khaNDana tathA tRtIya khaNDa meM kevalI ke darzana aura jJAna ke kramavAda kA khaNDana aura usakI vizada vivecanA kI gayI hai| paJcama adhyAya : sanmatitarka kI dArzanika avadhAraNA pA~caveM adhyAya meM cAra khaNDa haiN| prathama khaNDa meM dravya, guNa-paryAya ke sambandha aura unake bheda-abheda kI carcA prastuta kI gayI hai| dvitIya khaNDa meM anekAntavAda kI sthApanA kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| tRtIya khaNDa meM naya yojanA tathA caturtha khaNDa meM sanmatitarka meM saptabhaMgI kI vivecanA kI gayI hai| SaSTha adhyAya : upasaMhAra prastuta zodha-prabandha kA SaSTha adhyAya upasaMhAra hai jisameM pA~coM adhyAyoM kA saMkSipta sAra paricaya prastuta karate hue hamane apane zodha niSkarSoM kA pratisthApana kiyA hai|

Page #158
gUMjUrAtI sAhityamAM caitra AichaLa -- pannAlAla rasikalAla zAha mi ane vicAranI pradhAnatAne anulakSIne kAvyanA be prakAra pADavAmAM AvyA : UrmipradhAna ane * buddhipradhAna. tatvajJAna jevA gahana viSya mATe kAvya prakAra ciMtanapradhAna gaNAya. paraMtu ethI vAcaka kAvyano rasAsvAda na karI zake e hakIkatane lakSamAM laI ApaNA prAcIna kavioe tatvane lagatI bAbato UrmikAvyo dvArA pIrasI che kAraNa, UrmipradhAna kAvyo hadayaMgama hoya che. potAnI anubhUti mAtra pragaTa kare eTale kavi saphaLa thato nathI, paraMtu tenI saphaLatAne AdhAra enI anubhUti vAcakamAM keTale aMze pragaTe che enA para rahelo che. zrI rAmaprasAda bakSI kahe che tema, "kavi potAnI anubhUtine mAtra vyakta karato nathI, vAcakanA hRdayamAM evI ja anubhUti jagADavAno eno prayatna hoya che. vAcakamAM samabhAva jagADe e ja enI kavizakitanI ane kalAnI saphaLatA che." mahAkaviothI mAMDIne sAmAnya kavionAM kavana mATe be viSayo sanAtana che: eka to Izvara ane bIja, samasta sRSi pratyeno teha. jagatamAM koIpaNa kavi evo nahi hoya jeNe A banne viSayo para potAnI kalama ajamAvI nahi hoya. A sanAtana viSayo upara aTale racAyA chatAM, darekanI anubhUtimAM kAMIka navIna tatva, kAMIka rasAsvAda karavA jevuM ApaNane maLI rahe che. IzvarabhaktinAM kAvyomAM paNa sUphIvAdIonI "priyA' tarIkenI kalpanA svAbhAvika thaI paDI, bhakitarasano pravAha bhAratabharamAM avirata vahyo che, jemAM mIrAMbAI, narasiMha mahetA, kabIra vagere mukhya che. jenonAM bhaktikAvyo ane anya darzanonAM bhaktikAvyomAM mULabhUta pharaka che. enuM kAraNa jaina darzananI Izvara pratyenI daSTi che. jenA darzana Izvarane Ihalokika vastuthI para, rAgadveSAdi baMdhanothI rahita, puNya ke pApa-sonAnI ke lokhaMDanI beDI-thI mukta kalpe che, chatAM e sAmAnya mAnavamAMthI pragaTatuM saMpUrNa devatva che. jayAre anya darzanomAM Izvarane jagatakartA mAnavAmAM Avyo che, tema ja A badhI prakRtinI lIlA emanI hoI, IzvaralIlAnAM kAvyo racAyAM che. vaiSNava saMpradAya ane sUphImatamAM A bhaktirasa, 1 juo vAsaya vimarza, 40. * zrI mahAvIra jaina vidyAlaya suvarNa mahotsava aMka, bhAga 1 e sAbhAra

Page #159
253 zRMgArarasa mizrita paNa banyo che. jeno Izvarane svAmI tarIke ravIkAre che, paraMtu sAMsArika daSTithI nahi, hRdayanI sAcI UmithI, AdarzanI ucca bhUmikA sAthe. mIrAMbAI vagerenAM bhajanomAM AvI bhUmikA che kharI. eTale evA kavionI kRtio jena kavionI kRti sAthe sarakhAvIzuM to vadhu rasadAyaka nIvaDaze. sauprathama ApaNe AnaMdaghanajInA prItama joIe. RSabha jinezvara prItama mAharo, aura na cAlDa re kaMta, rijho sAhiba saMga na parihare, bhAMge sAdi anaMta, RSabha jinezvara prItama mAharo. -AnaMdadhana covIzI sarakhAvomere to giridhara gopAla, dUsarA na koI re prabhu - mIrAMbAI jaina kavionI khUbI e che ke bhaktikAvyomAM priya tarIkenA saMbodhanamAM Izvara vArtha nathI hoto. khAsa karIne cidAnaMdajInAM padomAM AvatAM saMbodhano vicAravA jevAM che. sAMsArika saMbaMdhono emAM upayoga thayo che te A rIte ? ApaNe AtmA rAga-dveSAdithI gherAyelo che, eTale kumatinA bAhupAzamAM jakaDAyelo che. kumatine sumatinI zokaya gaNuM cidAnaMdajIe potAnI kAvyasaritA vahAvI che. juo, sumati potAnA svAmIne kevI vinati kare che : piyA! paradhara mata jAvo re, karuNA karI mahArAja, kuLa marajAdA lopake re, je jana paradhara jAya. -cidAnaMdajInA padoH pada paheluM. paNuM prabholana vastu evI che ke emAM paDyA pachI hAtha ghasavAnA hoya e jANavA chatAM paNa sumatinA piyA--ApaNe-paradhara jaIe chIe, kumatino saMga karIe chIe. paNa dhIraja ane kSamAzIlatAnI mUrti, AryasajArI kaMI potAnI sajajanatA choDe kharI ke? parahe javA chatAM paNa haju kAMI thayuM na hoya ema sumati yAcanA kare che? piyA nija mahela padhAre re, karI karuNa mahArAja, tuma bina suMdara sAhibA re, mo mana ati duHkha thAya. cidAnaMdajInA padoH pada bIje. ApaNe to vihaMgAvalokana karavA beThAM chIe, mAtra daSTipAta karIe chIe, eTale vaccenI anubhUtino ApaNane Acho khyAla AvI gayo haze ema mAnI, jayAre AtmA svagRhe padhAre che, tyAre sumati kevo AlAda anubhave che te joIe: Aja sakhI mere vAlamAM nija maMdira Aye, ati AnaMda haiye dharI, hasI kaMTha lagAye. -cidAnaMdajInA padoH pada bAramuM. to AthI taddana viruddha virahiNInI dazA, viraha vedanA jevI hoya to ApaNe zrI devacaMdrajI viracita covIzInA ekAda stavananuM avalokana karIe. IzvarathI aLagApaNuM batAvatAM teo kahe che : RSabha jijdazuM prItaDI kima kije ho kaho catura vicAra,

Page #160
54 prabhujI ja aLagA vasyA tihAM kiNe navi ho koI vacana uccAra, RSabha jiNuMdaNuM prItaDI. Izvara sAthe prItaDI bAMdhavI che, paNa kema baMdhAya? prabhujI to zivanagaramAM jaI vasyA. koI kaheze : patra dvArA agara mukti pAmatA jIvo sAthe saMdezo mokalAvIne prIti thaI zake, to teno pratyuttara paNu zrI devacaMdrajI pAse hAjara ja che : kAgaLa paNa pahoMce nahi navi pahoMce ho tihAM ko paradhAna, je pahoMce te tuma samo navi bhAMkhe ho koInuM vyavadhAna, RSabha jiNuMdaNuM prItaDI, uparanI vedanAmAM ApaNe premanI adhUrapa joI. ekamAM AtmA para-ramaNImAM ramamANu che, to khIjImAM viraha-vedanAne utkaTa darzAvI che. paraMtu je premAnubhava kare che enuM zuM ? e mATe to zrI mohanavijayjhanI paMktio juo : prItalaDI baMdhANI re, ajita jiNuMdaNuM... zramajIvI manuSyano vicAra karo, prAmINu citra mana samakSa khaDuM karo. AkhA divasanA parizrama pachI ghera AvatAM kheDUta keTalo praphulita thAya che! AnaMdadhanajI, vIravijayajI, tema ja mahopAdhyAya yazovijayajI sAmAjika vAtAvaraNa, dharmanI bAbato, tattvanI nirarthaka carcA ane sAMsArika pApamaya jIvana--e badhuM choDI Izvarane nihALe che, svagRhe Ave che, tyAre kevA hRdayaMgama udgAro nIkaLe che !: duHkha doSaga krUre tyAM re, sukha saMpada zuM re bheTa, liMga dhaNI mAce kiyo re, kuNu nara gaje kheTa, vimalajina / dIThAM loNu Aja, --AnaMdadhanajI e ja rIte mahopAdhyAya yazovijayajI mahArAja potAnI AgavI kAvyazakti dvArA bhUkhyAne bhojana nahi, paraMtu ghevara jevAM pakavAna maLe ane je AnaMda thAya evo ja AnaMda bhagavAnanAM darzanathI bhaktane thAya che e vAtanuM yathArtha nirUpaNa kare che : bhUkhyA ho prabhu, bhUkhyA maLyA dhRtapUra tarasyA ho prabhu, tarasyA divya udaka milyAM cha...dIdI ho prabhu A sAthe mIrAMbAInA udgAro paNa sarakhAvIe : pAyojI maiMne rAma ratana dhana pAyo. AjanA yugamAM lakhAtI praNayatrikoNanI vArtAonA vAcakane kadAca thaze ke A pazu praNaya-trikoNane aMte sarjAto sukhAMta che; paNa evuM nathI, vArtAmAM banatI vAto kanika pAtro mATe khane che, jyAre uparanAM rasadarzanamAM jaNAvelI hakIkata ApaNA sarvenA jIvanamAM anubhavAtI kharI saMvedanA che. jyAre sAdhaka nija piyAnI (sumatinI) vinati avagaNe che, ane Akhare pastAya che tyAre zuM thAya che ?

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virathA janma gumAyo, re mUrakha! virathA janma gumAyo - cidAnaMdajInA pado : pada soLamuM ApaNI rojanI rAmakahAnI koIne Aje tAtkAlika samajAya che to sumatine milApane AnaMda arpI zake che ane pote paNa nijAnaMda mANI zake che. jene pAchaLathI samajAya che ene pazcAttAparUpI jharaNumAM snAna karavAnuM sadbhAgya sAMpaDe che ane te pavitra thavAno yoga prApta kare che, tyAre gata jIvananA saMsmaraNe divAsvapno jevA lAgatAM AtmA pukAre che: re nara ! jaga sapanekI mAyA - cidAnaMdajInAM pado : pada sattaramuM. sauthI vizeSa kArya tyAre pragaTe che jyAre sumatinI vinati ApaNe aMtarAtmAthI avagaNI zakIe tema na hoIe ane kumatinA sakaMjAmAM sapaDAyelA hoIe, eTaluM ja nahi paraMtu temAMthI chUTavAno avakAza jaNAto na hoya, ane evI trizaMku jevI dazA hoya tyAre? prabhu mero manaDo haTakyo na mAne. bahuta bhAta samajAyo, yAMku coDe huM aru chAne, paNa Iya zikhAmaNu kachu raMcaka, dhArata navi nija kAne, prabhu! mero manaDo haTakayo na mAne. - cidAnaMdajInAM pado : pada ekavanamuM. AvI dazA kAMI cidAnaMdajI ekalA ja anubhave che evuM thoDuM che? AnaMdadhanajI paNa vartamAna covIzInA sattaramA tIrthaMkara zrIkuMthunAtha bhagavAnanA stavanamAM kahe che? suranara jana paMDita samajAve, samaje nA mAharo sALo, ho kuMyujinA mana kima hI na bAje. mana kevuM che tenI vyAkhyA ApI zakAya kharI? A prazna AnaMdadhanajI jevA siddhahasta kavi mATe paNa vikaTa che. chatAM teo lakhe che: je Thaga kahuM to Thaga to nA dekha zAhukAra paNa nAhIM, sarva mAMhe ne sahuthI aLaguM e acarija mana mAMhI, ho kuMthujina ! manaDuM kima hI na bAje. mana kAbUmAM nathI. mana viSe bayAna paNa karyuM. eno upAya batAvatAM kharekhara sAdhaka koNa che e darzAve che tyAre "manaHvi manuSAnAm | PSa mowyo:" sUtra yAda AvyA vinA rahetuM nathIH mana sAdhyuM tiNe saghaLuM sAdhyuM, e vAta nahIM khoTI." -AnaMdadhanajI 2 rIta. 3 pragaTa. 4 ane. 5 AtmAnI pariNati-bhinna bhinna paristhiti te AtmAnI patnI. teno bhAI te ApaNuM mana. eTale ahIM sALo' kaho che.

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256 jainetara bhakta kavioe bhaktirasa vahAvavA uparAMta sAmAjika TIkAo karI che ane emAM akho mokhare che. jaina kaviomAM koI e sAmAjika prahAro karyAM che ke kema, evo prazna svAbhAvika thAya. AnaMdadhanajIe samAja para prahAro karyAM che, je tulanASTie akhAnI jema AkarA nathI, paraMtu haLavA che. akho ane AnaMdadhanajI evA samayamAM thayA ke jyAre samAja aMdhAdhUMdhImAM, dharmAMdhatAnA gaudhakAramAM sakhAto hato. lokone bhakti to sadA ruci che, paraMtu tenI bhAvanAne visAre pADI eTale mAtra bAhyAcaraNa rahyuM. samasta bhAratanA kavionI kRtiomAM bhaktirasa jharyo che. tenuM kAraNa kadAca upara khayAna karyAM mujabanI sAmAjika sthiti hoya. mIrAMbAI, dhIro, bhojo bhagata, pIpA bhagata, dayArAma, narasiMha mahetA, kabIra vagerenuM udbodhana ApaNe joI e to bhaktibhAvano vicAra kendrasthAne che. akhAe to potAnI tIkSNa kalama vaDe samAjane cAbakhA phaTakAryAM che. zrI AnaMdadhanajIne samAja picchanI zakayo nahi. ethI teo AtmalakSI banyA, ane vanavAsa sevyo. stavano jaMgalamAM racyAM, paraMtu samAjanI--sAdhusamAjanI asarathI mukta rahyA nahi. emanAthI kahevAI gayuM : gacchanA bheda bahu nANu nihALatAM tattvanI vAta karatAM na lAje, udara bharaNAdi nija kAja karatAM thayAM moha naDiyA kalikAla rAje, bhaktikAvyonI carcA karatI vakhate AvA udgArone eTalA mATe sthAna ApyuM che ke ApaNA prAcIna kavionI eka viziSTatA che ke teo potAnI sAmAjika sthitine kAvyamAM vaNI letA. A dRSTie te samayanA samAja darzana mATe AvAM kAvyo najara bahAra na rahevAM joI e. jaina samAja aneka phirakAomAM vaheMcAyelo che enuM samarthana yathArtha rIte thayuM che. joke AvuM kathana kvacita ja thayuM che. bAkI emanAM kAvyo bhaktirasathI bharapUra che. IzvaravelAne loko zuM kahe ? pAgala ja ne ? bhakti-dhUnIne loko pAgala kahe evo vicAra teo vyakta kare che paNa kharA : darizaNu darizaNu raTato jo kiDuM, to raNa rojha samAna. paNa samAjanA DarathI khIdhA nahi. temane tarata ja khyAla Ave che ke IzvarAgIne duniyA sAthe zo saMbaMdha ? sAcA bhaktane Avo vicAra na hoya. tarata ja umerI de che H jeThane pipAsA ho amRtapAnanI, krima bhAMje viSapAna ! abhinaMdana jina darizaNu tarasIe. jaina darzanamAM dareka viSayanuM sUkSmAtisUkSma avalokana thayuM che. emAM jeTaluM muhimAla che eTaluM ja e Urmi-pradhAna che. syAdbAda matathI sAmA pakSanI lAgaNIno vicAra karavAno avakArA maLe che. eTale emanA prati udgaga thavAne badale prema, maitrI ke kAruNya pragaTaze. jema jaina tattvajJAna dareka viSayane UMDANathI spI che, tema jaina kavioe kAvyamAM Urmine samadaSTithI avalokI che. A sUkSmadaSTimAM jainetara kavio ane jaina kaviomAM thoDoka krUraka che. anya kavioe zrIkRSNanI lIlAnAM bayAna Urmi-sabhara karyo che, emanA guNagAna gAyAM che; jyAre jaina kavioe guNuJAna kIrtana karavA uparAMta, apratima bhakti chatAM, jyAre rivara upakAraka na thato hoya tyAre mITho upAlaMbha ApatAM DhAvyo ApyAM che, agara to ApaNI bhaktimAM kyAMka nyUnatA che, eTale AtmanirIkSaNu kare che. mITho upAlaMbha ApavAmAM mohanavijyajI, yazovijayajI, cidAnaMcha vagere mokhare che; jyAre AtmaniMdAnA bIjA

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157 prakAramAM devacaMdrajI, kumArapALaviracita AtmaniMdA vagere AgaLa che. ApaNe mohanavijayajIthI zarUAta karIe : ziva pada devAM je samaratha cho, to yaza letAM zuM jAya ? ho prabhujI! oLabho mata khIja. eTaluM kharuM ke jaina stavano, sajajhAyAdi prAcIna chaMdo ke akhAnI mAphaka chappAmAM racAyAM nathI eTale hAla lokyogya nathI. paraMtu evI rItanA rAga-rAgiNImAM racAyelAM che ke je sAmAnya mANasa paNa gAI zake-enI pravAhitAno AnaMda mANI zake. hAla mAtra jarUra che tevA rAgone pracalita karavAnI. ApaNuM saMgItakAro pAsethI ATalI AzA rAkhavI asthAne nahi gaNAya. joke citrapaTa saMgItamAM racyApacyA rahetA jena yuvako ja A vastune pichAnatA nathI. kSaNika karNapriyatAne varya gaNuM, Ama aMdhArAmAM rahelI kRtione opa ApavAnI jarUra che. nIcenA ratavanano DhALa juo: bAlapaNe ApaNa sanehI ramatAM nava nava veze, Aja tame pAmyA prabhutAI ame to saMsAranI veze, ho prabhujI! oLabhaDe mata khIje. -mohanavijayajI satayugamAM, jana paribhASAmAM kahuM to caturtha ArAmAM, loko paNa bhakika hatA ane alaukika puruSa vidAmAna hovAthI lokoddhAra tAtkAlika thato. jayAre Aje kaLiyuga-pAMcamo Aro, ane loko mananA melAM, eTale IzvaranI amIdaSTi thAya nahi. A sAme kavinuM hRdaya baLavo pukAre che, ane mIThAzathI kahe che : zrI zubhavIra prabhujI moMdhe kALe re, dIyatA dAna 2 zAbAzI dhaNuM. --bAra zratanI pUjA: 50 vIravijayajIkRta to koI jagyAe hadaya bhaktithI chalakatuM hoya paNa ApaNI lAgaNI ApaNA vAlamanA khyAla bahAra rahetI hoya evI ApaNane AzaMkA thAya tyAre vinatirUpe vIravijayajInI paMktio juo: bhakti hadayamAM dhArajo re, aMtaravarIne vAraje re, tAra dInadayALa. -navANuM prakAranI pUjAH 50 vIravijayajIkRta jema zrI vIravijayajI moMdhA kALamAM varasyAnI kharI kiMmata AMke che tema cidAnaMdajI paNa A ja vAtane jarA judA svarUpe rajU kare che: moha gaye je tArazo, veLA hI kaho tuma upagAra ? sukha veLA sajajana ati duHkha veLA ho viralA saMsAra, paramAtama pUraNa kaLA.

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158 upAlaMbha ApatAM ja ApaNane sanAtana satya ApyuMH "duHkha veLA ho viralA saMsAra !' to yazovijayajI (sAmAnya rIte "vAcakajaza"nA nAme oLakhAtA) jyAre bhaktimAM lIna bane che tyAre pariNAma sAru kevI adhirAI dAkhave che te juo : karajeDI Ubho rahuM rAta-divasa tuma dhyAne re, je manamAM ANa nahi to zuM kahIe chAno re!. saMbhava jinavara vinati. cidAnaMdajIno nIceno upAlaMbha juo. temAM teo potAnI AjasudhInI paristhiti mATe Izvarane ja javAbadAra TharAve che-potAnI nyUnatAnA ravIkAra sAthe ! moha mahAmada chAkathI huM kiyo ho nAhIM sUdha lagAra, ucita sahI Izu avasare sevakanI ho karavI saMbhALa, paramAtama pUraNa kaLA. paNa jyAre bhaktane ema lAge che ke anyanI bhaktithI Izvara rIjhe che ane kadAca potAnI bhaktimAM khAmI jevuM jaNAtuM hoya tyAre Izvarane kevI cetavaNI apAya che te juo : sevA guNo bhavijanane je tame karo baDabhAgI, to tame svAmI kema kahevAzI nirmama ne nirAgI ? ho prabhujI! oLaMbhaDe mata khIje. to ApaNuM priyatama kevo svArthI che e jevA ApaNe pharIthI cidAnaMdajIno samparka sAdhIeH sarva dezapAtI sahu aMdhAtI ho karI dhAta dayALa, vAsa kiyo zivamaMdire mohe visarI ho bhamato jagajALa, paramAtama pUraNa kaLA. paNa manuSyanI zaktine maryAdA che, e vAta kavio paNa visarI nA zake. ApaNAthI IvaranI saMpUrNa kakSAe pahoMcI na zakAya to eno ekAda aMza paNa mAgI levAno lobha jato kema karAya! (ApaNA svabhAvanI viruda): nANu rayaNa pAmI ekAMte thaI beThAM mevAsI, teha mahelo eka aMza je Apo te vAte zAbAzI, ho prabhujI! oLaMbhaDe mata khIje. 1 yune.

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259 to ethI UlaTuM, muktinI-enA ekAda aMzanI paNa paravA karyA vinA bhakti-raMgamAM ja racyApacyA rahevAnuM mahopAdhyAyajIne sUjhe che, jethI camaka pASANanI mAphaka mukti ApoApa khecAIne maLe. juo : muktithI adhika tuja bhakti muja mana vasI jehazuM sabala pratibaMdha lAgyo, camaka pASANa jima lohane khIcaze muktine sahaja muja bhakti rAgo. RSabha jinarAja muja A to vAta thaI jene apUrNatA sAthe pratIti pragaTI nathI, paNa jene apUrNatA sAthe saMpUrNa zraddhA hoya tenI zI dazA che tenI. paNa jeNe Izvarane nAya karyo che, je sanAtha che, emanuM hRdaya kevuM pulakita che e ApaNe mohanavijayajInI paMktimAM joIe: tAratA tuja mAhe re zravaNe sAMbhaLI te bhaNI huM Avyo chuM dInadayALa je, tuja karuNAnI lahere re muja kAraja sare zuM ghaNuM kahIe jANu AgaLa kapALa je prItalaDI baMdhANI re ajita jirNada8 AvI ja bhAvanAne upAlaMbha svarUpe cidAnaMdajIe nIcenA zabdomAM AlekhI che? jagatAraka padavI lahI tAryA sahI ho aparAdhI apAra, tAta kaho mohe tAratA kima kInI ho INa avasara vAra? paramAtama pUraNa kaLA. 50 vIravijayajI paNa Ama ja kahe che. kadAca Izvara pAse mAgaNuM to karIe ane na Ape to? - to lAja-maryAdA gumAvavI paDe eTale upAlaMbha svarUpe kahe che: dAyaka nAma dharAvo to sukha Apo re zivatarunI Age 2 thI bahu mAgaNI ? jyAre mahopAdhyAya yazovijayajI te ghaDIka paNa saMga na tajavAnuM kahe che. guNIjanane guNa dharAvatI vyakti sAthe ja hAra hoya ne! saMgano raMga kevo lAgyo che te juo : kokila kala kUjita kare pAmI maMjarI ho paMjarI sahakAra, ochAM tarUra navi game gira zuM ho ho guNano pAra, ajita jirNodazuM prItaDI. vanaprAsa ane upamA alaMkAra kAvyanI guMjAzamAM oNra vadhAro kare che. AvA mIThA upAlaMbha to jeNe siddhi sAdhI hoya evA mahApuruSo ApI zake. paraMtu ApaNI jevA sAmAnya mANaso game tevA bhaktimAM lIna hoIe chatAM nikhaLa jaIe to? te AtmanirIkSaNa ja saMbhave ne? devacaMdrajI kahe che:

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'60 svAmI darzana samo nimitta lahI nirmaLo je upAdAna e zuci na thAze, doSa ko vastuno athavA udyama taNuM svAmI sevA sahI nikaTa lAze. uttamanI khAmI joI; paNa haja ApaNe Daga paNa mAMDayuM nathI eTale vizeSa AtmAvalokana karavuM ja joIe ne? AtmalakSI-AtmaniMdAnA kAvya anukULa bane. juo : rAga he bha, moha gharI no lokanI rItamAM dhaNuM e rAto, kodhavaza dhamadhamyo, zuddha guNa navi rao bhamo bhavamAMDI huM viSayamAto, tAra ho tAra prabhu, muja sevaka bhaNa. AtmaniMdA mATe to janomAM pracalita "ratnAkara paccIzI' jevI joIe. AkhI racanA ApaNA hINapatabharyA kartavyanI niMdA karatI che. ekAda kaDI tapAsIe: racanA harigIta chaMdamAM che. huM krodha agnithI banyo vaLI lobha sarSa thayo mane gaLyo mAnarUpI ajagare huM kema karI dhyAvuM tane? mana mAruM mAyAjALamAM mohana! mahA mUMjhAya che, caDI cAra coro hAthamAM cetana dhaNuM cagadAya che. krodha, lobha ane mAnane mATe yojelAM anukrame agni, sarpa ane ajagaranAM rUpako tema ja varNanaprAsa alaMkArathI racanA vadhu AkarSaka banI che. kadAca savAla thaze ke Izvara to sarvA che. eTale ApaNAM dareka kartavyono hisAba to enI pAse jaya ja; to pachI ApaNe bayAna karavAnI zI jarUra? bayAna karavAnI jarUra che kAraNa ApaNuM AvAM GoTAM kartavyothI ApaNuM mana bharAI gayuM hoya che. ApaNuM dila haLavuM bane eTalA mATe agara to ApaNuM mana bharAI Ave tyAre ApaNA dilanI vAta ApaNu nikaTanA sanehIne kahIe tyAre ja nirAMta thAya evA mAnavasahaja svabhAvane "ratnAkara pacIzI nI zarUAtamAM ja kavie Alekhyo che? "jANe chatAM paNa kahI ane huM hRdaya A khAlI karuM' taduparAMta virane prItama tarIke svIkAryo che. eTale prema to potAnA priyatamane athathI Iti sudhInuM badhuM varNana kare ja ne? mohanavijayajI paNa kahe che: aMtargatanI prabhu AgaLa kahuM guMja je, prItalaDI baMdhANI re ajita jiNuM chuM. uparanI AtmaniMdAmAM to bhUlano ekarAra che. paNa kumArapALaviracita (anuamRtasarIvarajI mahArAja) AtmaniMdAmAM durlabha mAnavadeha maLyA pachI sacetana na thayA, hAtha dhoI nAkhyA, tenuM Alekhana che: bahu kALa A saMsArasAgaramAM prabhu huM saMcaya, thaI purAzi ekaThI tyAre jinezvara tuM maLyo. paNa pApakarma bharela meM sevA sarasa nava AdarI, zubha yogane pAmyA chatAM meM mUrkhatA bahue karI.

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26 jainomAM manuSya maraNapathArIe hoya tyAre khAsa karIne dhArmika rivAjomAM puNya-prakAza 'nuM stavana saMbhaLAvAya che. A stavanamAM durlabha mAnavadehanI saLatA kyAre thAya, ApaNe zuM karyuM, vagerenI saravALA-bAdabAkI che. jiMdagInA dhanya divaso kyA ? enA jvAba mATe nIcenA bhAvavAhI svaro guMjAvo : dhana dhana te dina mAharo jihAM kIdho dharma...... to zrImad rAjacaMdra ApaNA jevA mATe evo dhanya divasa kyAre Ave enI tIvra khuzba vyakta kare che : apUrva avasara evo kayAre Avaze ? kayAre thaIzuM khAvAMtara nizrcaya jo sarva saMbaMdhanuM baMdhana tikSNa chedIne, vicarazuM 1 mahapuruSane paMtha jo ? Urmi vastu ja evI che ke je anubhava vinA samajAtI nathI. je loko Umi-vihIna hoya che, jemaNe premAnubhAva karyAM nathI hoto, teo sAmI vyaktinI lAgaNI samajI zakatA nathI eTale lAgaNI-ve kahI tiraskAre che, paNa kharI vastu to anubhave ja samajAya che. juo : rahasyono jJAtA anubhavathI kayAre thaIza huM ? eTale jJAtA paNa anubhavathI thavAnI icchA vyakta karI. anubhavathI jJAtA thavAnI vAta rUci; paraMtu anubhava koNu karI zake ? cidAnaMdajI ApaNane pratyuttara Ape cheH parabhAtama pUraNa kaLA. jaina kavionI viziSTatA joyA pachI jaina ane anya kavio vacce samAnatA joIe. jena tema ja jainetara kavioe amuka viSayanuM nirUpaNa bahu spaSTatAthI karyuM che, chatAM eka ja hakIkatane judI judI DhabathI sahue potapotAnI AgavI kavitA-zaktithI AlekhI che. musAphri dhora nidrAmAM che e mATe juo : paNa tuma darizaNu yogathI thayo hRdaye ho anubhava parakAza, anubhava abhyAsI kare du:khadAyI ho savi karma vinAza, " ghoDI. . mArI. cidAnaMdajInuM pada enI sAthe have sarakhAvo : rena rahI aa yorI. jAga jAga tu niMda tyAma de uTha jAga musAphira bhora bhai, aba rana kahA~ jo sovata hai ? je sovata hai vaha khovata hai, jo jAgRta hai vahu pAvata hai. hota vastukI corI, maMjila dUra bhA~ bhavasAgara, mAna ura, ati morI.

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262 anaMtakALathI A jIvo saMsArasAgaramAM rAjya che chatAM "mAruM" "mAruM" karatAM thAkayo nathI. A vAtane lagabhaga badhA ja bhaktakavioe kAvyanA viSaya tarIke apanAvI che. nathI chava tArI re suMdara kAyA, choDIne cAlyo vaNajhArA re hojI. melI de manathI mAruM-tAruM re manavA prabhu vinA koI nathI tAruM, praka smazAna sudhI tArAM sagAM saMbadhI vAlA AvIne bALe tana mAruM, re mAnavI! prabhu vinA koI nathI tAruM. rAM sagAMsa mA thI tApA bhagata vAlAM te vAlAM zuM karo, vAlAM voLAvI vaLaze vAlAM te vananA lAkaDAM te to sAthe ja baLaze eka re divasa evo Avaze... -vairAgyanI sakAya : udayaratnakRta abhimAna eka bhayAnaka roga che. vyaktitvavAdanA A jamAnAmAM e roga jyAMtyAM najare paDe che. ene mahAmada kahyo che. madanuM svarUpa samajavA mATe to jenonI bharatabAhubalInI kathA ja tapAsavI rahI. bAhubalIe rAjapATano tyAga karI dIkSA aMgIkAra karI, paNa ahama bhAvanA tyAgI nahi. dhora tapasyA karavA chatAM mahAmadane kAraNe sarvajJa thaI zakatA nathI. A vastu samajAvavA mATe je koI zaktimAna hoya to bhAIne mATe emanI atula nehala baheno ja. A vastuno Azaro laI kavi emanI bahenonA khamAM A zabdo mUke che: vIrA! gaja thAkI heThA Utaro abhimAnarUpI hAthI parathI nIce UtaravAnuM kahe che. "mAna-abhimAna na karo' enuM kAraNa ApaNane yathArtha rIte, mArgadarzanarUpe mAnanI sajajhAyamAM udayaratna samajAve che: re jIva! mAna na kIjiye mAne vinaya na Ave, vinaya vinA vilA nahi to kima samakita pAve...re chavA mAna na kIjiye. A prasaMge gItAno upadeza jarA joIe to dhaka paDaze. sAdhakane mATe gItAjImAM traNa vastu para khAsa bhAra mUyo che: praNipAta, parizrama ane sevA. A yugamAM praNipAta eTale namratA, viveka khAsa khyAlamAM rAkhavA yogya che. pariprema eTale karI pUchavuM. jijJAsAvRtti e Avazyaka aMga che. jenomAM bhagavAna mahAvIranA mukhya gaNadhara gautamasvAmI jJAtA hovA chatAM ya koI paNa bAbata saMzaya thatAM bhagavAna mahAvIrane prazno pUchatA e rIte namratA dAkhavavI. sevA vinAnI namratA khuzAmatamAM khape che. eTale sevA Avazyaka che. A badhA mATe mAna abhimAna choDavAnI jarUra che. muza10

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mAnano bhAI che daMbha. AcAra ane vicAramAM ethI saMvAditA nathI rahetI. cidAnaMdajInI anubhUti ApaNane upakAraka thaI paDaze. akho paNa kahe che : tilaka karatAM trepana gayAM, japamALAnAM nAkAM gayAM. akhAnI zailI yaMgamaya-kaTAkSamaya che, jyAre AnaMdadhanajI pratyakSa kahe che te juo : zuddha zraddhAna viSNu sarva kiriyA karI chAra para lIMpaNuM tehu jANo. 263 kathaNI kathe sahu koI, rahaNI ati durlabha hoI zuka rAmako nAma vakhANe, navi paramAratha tasa jANe yA viSa bhaNI veda suNAve, paNu akaLa kaLA nahi pAve. ----cidAnaMchanAM pado : pada aThayAvIzamuM jaina saMskRta sAhityanI jema jaina gujarAtI sAhitya paNa vizALa che. A avalokana to becAra khyAtanAma kavio pUratuM maryAdita rahyuM che, eTale vizeSa jijJAsuoe to parizrama levo paDaze. eka yA khIjAM kAraNothI A sAhitya ajJAta rahyuM che agara jaina samAja pUratuM maryAdita rahyuM che tene ApaNA sAhityakAro-saMzodhako vizeSa prakAzamAM lAvaze evI zraddhA sAthe viramuM chuM.

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The Impact of Nyaya and Vaisesika School on Jaina Philosophy Prof. Sagarmal Jain* The origin of Jain philosophy is, no doubt, earlier than the emergence of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools of Indian philosophy. Historically it starts from Lord Parsva, the twenty-third Tirthankara who was born at Varanasi in 8th century B.C. Mahavira, the 24th Tirthankara had adopted various philosophical concepts of Lord Parsva in toto. Due to the earlier emergence of Jaina philosophy, we do not find any impact of Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy on the fundamental concepts of Jaina metaphysics and epistemology, such as pancastikayavada, nine categories (navatattvas), six kinds of living beings, five kinds of knowledge etc. On these earlier concepts of Jaina philosophy we can trace some impact of earlier Upanisads as well as earlier Buddhism and other contemporary Sramanic traditions, but not of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools. Jainism and Buddhism being sister religions of the Sramanic tradition, have various philosophical, religion and ethical concepts in common, so far as their philosophies are concerned. The starting point of both the philosophies is to negate absolutism the one sided views of their contemporary thinkers and thus both the philosophies are based on the same theory of Vibhajyavada ( ). But being the Buddha's approach as negative one his philosophy culminated in Sunyavada, while Mahavir's approach being affirmative or positive his philosophy culminated in Syadvada i.e. non-absolutism. This middle path or non-absolutistic approach of both the schools is totally absent in Nyaya-Vaisesika schools. These both the schools came into existence near about 2nd century B.C., by that time the earlier phases of Jaina and Buddhist philosophy were well established. But this does not mean that these schools influenced Jaina philosophy, we do not find any impact of Nyaya and Vaisesika philosophy on Jaina Secretary, Parswanatha Vidyapitha, Varanasi.

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165 philosophy. But in its later phases, Jaina philosophy is not static one, but a dynamic philosophy. In its development we find following five phases-- I. The earlier Agamic philosophy - 8th Century B.C. to 2nd Cen. B.C. II. The later Agamic philosophy - 2nd Cen. B.C. to 5th Cen. A.D. III. The period of logical presentation of Jaina philosophy and to its theory of Anekantavada. - 3rd Centuary A.D. to 7th Cen. A.D. IV. The period of critical evaluation of other schools of philosophy - 8th century A.D. to 15th Cen. A.D. V. The period of application of Navya-Nyaya technique in Jaina philosophy. - 17th to 18th Century A.D. In these five phases of the development of Jaina philosophy, in the first phase we do not find any impact of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools on Jaina philosophy. It is the second phase in which we find some impacts of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools on Jaina metaphysical and epistemological concepts. In the third phase Jaina thinkers, while making a critical estimation of Nyaya and Vaisesika, utilized the Nyaya Vaisesika concepts as well as the concepts of their opponents and by synthesing these opposite views through their own theory of Anekantavada, evolved new theories, the Jaina theories- such as Satasatakaryavada (Haaqahraic), Sva-para Prakasitata of knowledge (5944 12171), Paratah-swatah-Pramanyavada etc. In the fourth phase Jainas have whemently critisized the philosophical doctrines of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools and showed their logical as well as practical weaknesses and their one-sidedness. In the fifth and last phase Jaina philosophers have made use of the Navya-nyaya technique for the sound and logical presentation of Jaina doctrines. In short we can say that in first phase no impact on Jaina philosophy in seen, in second phase Jaina thinkers accepted some concepts of these schools as it is, in third and fourth phase Jaina philosophers have used the various concepts of these schools for the critical evaluation of their onesidedness and making use of them in evolving their own theories through the synthesisation of their oponents views. In the last fifth

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166 phase Jaina thinkers adopted their Navya-nyaya technique for the logical presentation of their own doctrines. Now we shall discuss in detail same impacts of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools on Jaina philosophy. In 'fact both the schools have mutual impacts, but in this paper I have restricted myself to show only the impact of Nyaya-Vaisesikas on Jaina metaphysics and epistemology. We must be aware of the fact that no philosophy comes in existence in vacuume, it has some impacts of its earlier as well as contemporary philosophies either in a positive or negative form; in other word either they accept their philosophical concepts with some logical modifications or reject them by showing their logical flaws and thus adopts their opponent's view or position. Jaina thinkers have used both the techniques, but instead of total rejection they tried to synthesis them with their opponent's view. In many cases we can say that the Jaina doctrine is nothing but a synthesisation of two conflicting opposite views points. Jaina philosopher have used this technique regarding Nyaya-Vaisesika schools too. Jaina doctrines of the first phase such as (1) The doctrine of Pancastikaya (alfaru), (2) The concept of nine categories (arra), (3) The concept of Sadjivanikaya (tevilaf1914) (Six types of Jivas), (4) The doctrine of eight fold Karmas alongwith some ethico-religious doctrines such as Caturyama dharma, concept of five mahavratas, four fold or three fold path of liberation and the concept of five types of knowledge etc., on all these fundamental concept of Jaina philosophy, we do not find any impact of Nyaya-Vaisesika school. During these six centuries of first phase Jaina Thinker's logically evolved these doctrines, but in this period they have not assimilated other views as their own, in other words in this period Jaina philosophy was developed on its footings and remained unalloyed. The impact of other philosophical traditions on Jaina philosophy starts from the second phase i.e. after 2nd century B.C. In this period Jaina thinkers propounded the doctrine of six substances and explained the relationship between substance, atribute and mode in other word between the dravya, guna and Paryaya. Though the words such as Sat, Dravya and Astikaya were used in Indian philosophy for the Reality, but originally they belong to different meanings and different traditions.

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167 The word Sat belongs to Vedic tradition, while the word Dravya was used by Nyaya-Vaisesikas. The word Astikaya originally belongs to Jaina tradition but in later times Jaina thinkers used these three words for the Reality. Here we must be aware of the fact that etymologically these three words convey three different meaning. The word sat means that which exists all the times without any change, while the word dravya means that which exists with changes (fa :). The word Astikaya means that which exists with extention in space. The Jaina doctrine of Sad-dravyas was a new development of this phase but there was nothing new in this doctrine of six substances (2) except the addition of Kala (time) as a substance alongwith the five Astikayas thus we can say that the doctrine of Sad-dravyas a later development of the earlier Jaina doctrine of Pancastikaya. The acceptance of the word 'dravya' instead of Astikaya in Jaina tradition may be an influence of Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy. According to Jaina philosophy the number of the primary substances is six, while Vaisesika school accepts nine substances. In both the list only three i.e. Akasa, Kala and Atman (Jiva) are common. Akasa and Atman are also included in the list of Pancastikaya. Here only the inclusion of Kala (Time) may be considered as an impact of Vaisesika school. It is to be noted that in the Swetambara tradition even upto the seventh century A.D. Kala was not accepted as an independent substance by some of the scholars. According to them Kala is only a mode (4) of Jiva and Pudgala (matter). The debate whether time (c) be regarded as an independent substance begins from third century A.D., before the formulation of Tattvarthasutra and the differences in this regard continued upto the period of Visesavasyakabhasya i.e. seventh century A.D. Regarding the definitions of 'dravya' guna and Kala, we find some similarities in Uttradhyayana and Vaisesikasutra as well as in Tattvarthasutra and Vaisesikasutra. Scholars are of the openion that the Tattvarthasutra and its auto-commentary have some influence of Vaisesikasutra and yogasutra. But we must be aware of fact that the influence of Nyaya-Vaisesika schools on Jaina metaphysical doctrines, it is not as it is. Though Jaina thinkers have borrowed some ideas from these schools, but they adjusted them in their own way. So far as the impact of Nyaya school on Jaina epistemology is

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168 concern we find Jaina thinkers have adopted some ideas of Nyaya school in toto and some ideas in their modified form. As I have already explained that the doctrine of five fold knowledge has its origin in Lord Parava's tradition and thus it is prior to even Lord Mahavira (6th century B.C.), that is why we do not find any impact of Nyaya school on this doctrine. Even though in Tattvarthasutra (3rd A.D.), while establishing these five types of knowledge as Pramanas, we do not trace any conceptual impact of these schools on Jaina epistemology. In the beginning of christian era, when in different schools of Indian philosophy the discussions regarding the nature and types of Pramanas took place, the Jaina thinker Umaswati esablished these five types of knowledges as Pramana. Here some one can say that Tattvarthasutra accepts only two types of Pramanas and classify its five types of knowledge into two Pramanas-- Pratyaksa (direct) and Paroksa (indirect). This shows an impact of Vaisesika school on Jaina epistemology but in my humble opinion it would be a wrong supposition, since in this context similarity only regarding the numbers of Pramanas and not in the concept itself. For Jainas the knowledge itself is Pramana (FITI HIV), but for Nyaya-Vaisesikas it is not the knowledge itself, but the sources of valid knowledge are Pramanas (74d 37 sfa M). Secondly for Umaswati the meaning of Pratyaksa (direct knowledge) and Paroksa (indirect knowledge) is totally different, for him knowledge acquired through sense organs and mind is not a direct knowledge, but it is an indirect knowledge. Though Umaswati had adopted the concept of Pramana, which was the prominent concept of epistemological discussions of that time but he explained it according to his own agamika tradition. First of all we can trace the impact of Nyaya school on Jaina epistemology in the cannonical works of later period i.e. 3rd-4th century A.D. or in the later added passages of early cannonical works. It is to be noted that the Jaina theory of pramanas takes it birth from the scattered ideas found in the cannonical works. In the first stage of the five-fold division of the knowledge, which later on considered as pramanas also, it remain pure and unalloyed. In the second stage when the idea of two fold classification came into existence, particularly in Niryukti literature and Tattvarthasutra, it was

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169 an external influence, yet the spirit of Agamas was dominating. It is in the Anuyogadvarasutra for the first time five-fold division of Agamika tradition goes into back and the four fold division of the Nyaya school comes in prominence. Here the Jaina thinkers adopted the view of Nyaya school in toto. These four pramanas-- Pratyaksa, Anumana, Agama and Upamana, has been mentioned in various cannonical works such as Samavayanga, Bhagavati, Anuyogadvara etc. in the name of Hetu (TO), Vyavasaya (244684) or Pramana (FHTUT), It is also to be noted that in the cannonical works (Agamas) we find the mention of four Pramanas like Nyaya school and three pramanas like Samkhya school. Acarya Siddhasenadivakara also followed this three- fold division of pramana in his Nyayavatara (4th-5th century). The another impact of Nyaya school on Jaina epistemology is seen in Nandisutra (5th century) where the sense-cognition is included into Pratyaksa (Nandisutra 4), following the Nyaya tradition but at the time of Umaswati it was included in Paroksa Pramana (indirect knowledge). Later Jaina scholars such as Jinabhadra and Akalanka designated it as Samvyavaharika Pratyaksa (perception according to the common usage). Regarding the five organs (panca avayavas) of inference (Anumana) Jaina thinkers are also in agreement with Nyaya school. But in Niryukti literature we also find the mention of ten organs of inference alongwith above mentioned five organs; though the concept of five organs is common to both the tradition, but the idea of ten organs is a peculiarity of Jaina tradition. Similarly due to the influence of Nyaya school Jaina thinkers also adopted the three fold division of inference (anumAna) such as Purvavat (pUrvavat), Sesavat (zeSavat) and Samanyato-desta (H14RIGICE). In the Jaina cannonical work of later period namely Anuyogadvarasutra (37941 TERTELET) we find this classification. These are the some important major impacts of Nyaya school on Jaina epistemology. The last but not least important influence of Nyaya school is the adoption of Navya-nyaya technique of Gangesh (12-13th century) by the Jaina scholars-- Yasovijayagani (17th century) and Vimaladas. Yasovijaya's Tarkabhasa and Vimaladas's Saptabhangitarangani are the best works of Jaina thinkers, which are written in the Navya-nyaya technique.

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Rightful exposition of Jainism in the West N.L. Jain * I have utilised the occasion of presentation of my paper on the 'concept of Zero in Jaina Texts' at the IV Int. Conference of Mathematics, Maebashi, Japan to visit the U.S. and Canada. Many learned Jaina saints, Bhattarakas and scholars have been going to the west for many years promoting Jainisum as a world religion through their lectures and practices. Many impressive narratives on these activities are published in Jaina papers here and abroad. My interest lay in learning the effect of these tours on western non-Jaina and scholarly world. Accordingly, I visited the religion or religious studies departments of many universities, their libraries and public libraries. I also met many faculty members of these departments. I learnt that there are numerous religious studies departments in universities abroad and also there are large number of students in them. Despite this, there was hardly any knowledge about Jainism and its literature among them. There was virtually no Jaina literature there (except in Austin X.). However, there are courses on World's Religions and we could find many text books on this subject written by competent teacher scholars. The students got the knowledge of Jainism through these books only. I read about 25 of these books written between 1889 and 1999 (Two of them are published in India). They describe Jainism in four to twenty four pages including some pictures of architectural importance. I was surprised to read their contents about Jainism in them. I could feel that there are many wrong conceptions about it among most of the scholars and, therefore, students also. If such descriptions are read, the new generation will have negative opinion. (This does not mean that all the books have similar descriptions. Some books have good analytical descriptions like the QUP books of 1996 and 1997). The reason for this could be that our literature has neither * Jaina Kendra, Rewa (M.P.) 486001

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171 reached the authors nor the publishers. Also, whatever has reached them, it is either indirect or traditional which have led them to present it the way they have done it. Of course, this indicates the lop-sided studies of these scholars. I do not know whether any attempt has been made to remove these types of conceptions. How, otherwise, the same would have been expressed even in the books of 1999. I also felt from all this that the western world remains immune to these yearly lectures and expositions by about two dozen saints and scholarly people. The appreciation of a system by others has a better promotional effect rather than self-praise. Many books like "Seven Systems in Indian Philosophy" (Trigunayat) and "The World Religions' Reader" (Rutludge) do not contain even any description about Jainism. Of course, Sikhism and its literature finds place everywhere. Many authors still state Jainism and Buddhism as reformatory forms of Hinduism and they describe them in a single chapter. Even many Indian scholars in religious studies departments there do not agree to Jainism as an independent religion. The resident Indian Jainas also do not seem to attempt to remove these incorrect concepts in their books. This is the case even with the books, "Jainism in North America" (1996) and "Conquerors of the World" (1998). A similar situation was pointed out by S.K. Jain in U.K. and Europe while he was a visiting fellow there in 1992. Dr. Johrapurkar and Jain also felt the same way much earlier with some suggestions. As a result, there is need for purposeful exposition of Jainism on global basis. Accordingly, we require to collect books - text books, general books and reference books published during, say, half the century in different important languages and serialise the lopsided or incorrect views in them and try to prepare a multi-faceted book refuting them logically and send it to the authors and publishers so that they may modify there views in the next edition of their books. I shall describe here only some points for proper refutations. Concepts about Jainism in Many Books of World Religions in the West The various concepts described in these books may be classified under many categories.

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172 A. General Conceptions about Jainism 1. Barring few books, most books still point out Jainism (and Buddhism too) as a reformed form of Hinduism. They have been developed as a revolt against vedic tradition. Jainism is a minority section of Hinduism. (Thrower, Hopfe, Munroe, Kaufman etc.). 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Jaina Sect is a strange one and it is understood with difficulty. Jainism does not seem to be as attractive as Buddhism because the Jaina texts are tasteless and difficult. They are not understood by all. According to Toynbee, Jainism is highly self-centered. The selfcenteredness is an intellectual and moral error. It creates egoism. That is why, it could not undergo expansion. According to Basham and Scheitzer, Jainism is basically selfish and negative. Its concepts of Arhat and Tirthankara are based on selfishness. They are not all welfarist as the concept of Bodhi-Sattva. (Despite this, Thrower agrees that the negative tendency has two positive effects: (1) Satisfaction of curiosity about the knowledge of the fine entities and (2) knowledge of external and internal world. These are also important achievements). The Jaina thought and practices are extremist. The concepts of theism, devotionalism, austerities and non-violence are forms of extremism. In fact, the western world feels strange to think atheistic system as a form of religion. It questions about this point. This type of system is the most difficult path for the progress of life and beliefs. Prof. Munroe opines that the western religious systems are more organised than the Eastern ones. Prof. Hutchinson opines that the Jaina tenets are unwordly. This is not a religion for the world. However, it requires thinking why it is a living religion even today. The hedomist west gets a shock by Jaina tenets.

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9. Some authors have assumed it to be the religion of Saivation and austerities. The naked sainthood is essential for infinite bliss. 173 B. Origin of Jainism and Biography of Mahavira Many books published upto 1995 have stated Mahavira as the founder of Jainism. Some authors, however, refer to the tradition of ford makers. Some books have stated Mahavira as the historical founder of Jainism and they keep silence on its earlier history. Some authors have stated that Mahavira gave Jainism a more positive from (Celibacy, penitential retreat etc.) than Parshvanatha and he was renovator, modifier and time-tuner of Parsvan system. Despite the opinion of Dr. Rice and Dr. Zinmmer that Jainism existed (though under different name of Nirgzantha) in pre-Aryan. (1700-2700 B.C.), these authors seem to be lopsided. Almost all the books have biography of Mahavira based on Kalpasutra (foetus transference, marriage, one daughter, divine cloth etc.). Some authors agree to some mircales in his life). However, his biography is not as marvellous as Christ. Mohammad and Buddha. That is why, most western scholars state his biography as unattractive, formal, less reliable and legendary. On the one hand, these authors agree Mahavira to be a staunch austerite, adventurous, deep philosopher and capable organiser (of four fold order), on the other, they state him a sage engaged in extremely formenting and inconscientious harsh austere life. Though Jainism is said to be naturalistic, the descriptions of his foetus transference etc. are stated to be supra-natural. They seem to be more legendary. His period of 540-468 B.C. is said to be better historical than 599-527 B.C. On this basis, he is given contemporariness with Buddha, Confucious, Lao Tse and Zermia etc. Similarly, he had seven other contemporary heretic scholars. Many books have a number of mistakes about his life like (1) his place of birth (Patna), (2) age of initiation (28 yrs), (3) acceptance of only peacock-feather broom (Pichi) and (4) 70 years of fourth aeon remaining after Mahavira's salvation etc.

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174 Almost all the authors have stated the harshness of austerities as sermonised by Mahavira. These are extremes. However, his philosophic concepts are fundamental and adventurous. He was a wrestler of spiritualism and escapist from the physical world. His sermons were generally meant for the minority of followers (monks). C. Jaina Tenets : (1) Ethics and Practices The Jaina Society may be classified in two categories - (1) Majority (laymen) and (2) minority (monks). The monk practices are generally taken as model. In contrast, the conduct of laymen is practical. Currently, a third category intermediate between the two has also come to exist. Its conduct is nearly monk-like (but it has some freedoms like going abroad etc.). All the laymen have six daily duties. The deital worship is prominent among them. This creates a positive mental state. Fynes, Hopfe and others have described it on the basis of Svetambara system and no Digambara process has been mentioned despite Jaini's book (1979). Most of the western scholars presume Jaina tenets as tenets of austerity and salvation. Many authors upto 1995 have postulated them to be following detachmental path where the life and the world are negated and there is an idea of escape from both the corners. It is pessimistic towards life and the world and discourages every type of activities. Its ethics and practices are based on this concept. The Jainas are like Quakers - worshipper of peace and satisfaction. But their five principles of non-violence, non-false-speaking, non-stealing, non-sex and non-attachmental possession are indicative of the tendency of life negation Prof. Hopfe states that the laity generally observes the first three as far as possible but there is laxity in observing the last two. However, the monks and nuns do observe them fully. Secondaly, all those five concepts have no boundary. They apply to all the living creatures. Prof. Schweitzer has said that these concepts are not the basic concepts of the Jainas. They are originated from their detachmental ideology which promotes inactivity in life. The Jainas talk about compassion etc. so that they may become detached from the world. What is the purpose there for others for them? They accept the passionate in activity and negate the sympathetic assistance for others.

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It is due to this that the Jaina ethics/practices promote individualism and egoism. (Acarya Rajnisha had also similar thoughts). According to Basham also, the Jaina ethics and practices are basically negative and selfish. They are individualistic rather than socialistic. That is why, the life-style of Jainas is controlled by harsh rules. This is the secret of their longevity. Despite this, the Jaina tenets do not offer permanent happiness without monkhood. This is in contrast with other religions. All the above five principles of the Jainas are the same for both-the laity and monks. However, their total observance is there in the monkhood only. (Many scholars discussed the effect of the principle of non-violance in terms of the life-style of the Jainas in the form of vegetarianism, environmental preservation, and noninvolvement in violence-involving professions. It has also influenced other systems too). Despite this, Prof. Noss opines that the Jaina ethics detaches us from evil actions and promotes the overall happiness. Not only this the harsh austeritic life has also an indirect effect of moving towards welfare of all and the self. Despite the ethical code of the Jainas being individualistic, it accepts the self as the maker of own destiny. It is not, therefore, incarnationist. Its torch bearers are not bestowers of fortunes. But their remembrance serves a source of direction and encouragement. That is why, the temples, worship and prayers have no value for the Jainas. Despite the fact that their fundamentals are easily comprehensible, their elaboration and philosophy is not simple to be easly understood. 175 (2) Ontology (Metaphysics) The ontology of Jainas is dualist (living non- living) and pluralist (six physical realities,nine spiritual categories, seven spiritual reals etc.). The scholars have opined it as a realist ontology. It has an object of acquiring salvation by breaking away the combination of the living and non-living (Karmas). The relationship of these entities through Karmas is very interesting. Their non-living world is atomistic. Generally, Jainism is not deterministic because of its realistic nature. However, it is naturalistic and a-theistic where there is no positivism. It seems that man was initially a-theist. That is why -

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176 Carvakism is said to the oldest (Thrower). The Jainas do not admit actorship of God but they admit capacity of Godhood in every living being and, hence, they are poly-theists. It is due to this that they could not be popular like the Carvakas. The Jainas are not purely devotionalists like the Muslims or Christians. They admit the triad of right knowledge, faith and conduct. It is because of this multi-dimensionism that they have been surviving since hoary past. The western world is not ready even to accept any atheist system as a religion. (It is not even prepared to accept the antitheist logic). The Jainas are Karmists and Aureolists. (This is the result of their psychological understanding). These principles are also infested with pessimism. But these are the specific principles of the Jainas which serve as a spiritual glue for the living-non-living combination. Rice has opined that Jaina ontology is totally pessimistic. It starts from hylozoism and goes upto godhood for all. He admits the tetrad of love, compassion, happiness and peace of the Buddhists as positive (but does not even mention the tetrad of friendship, happiness, compassion and neutrality of the Jainas). They even call the positive principles of the Jainas as leftist. The concept of cyclically devolving and evolving world also makes man a bit under trouble. Their logistics and epistemology is fine but complex. Their theory of seven-fold predications also confuses the western mind. However, it is not consistent with determinism. (Mention of stand pointism is rare). D. Jainism and Women There are three times as many nuns as male monks (Fynes). However, their level is taken as inferior to monks. In Svetambara tradition, women may have salvation while there is no salvation for them in Dig. tradition. (However, it is the nuns who have preserved the traditional Jain practices and rituals. E. Jaina Religion: Social Religion It is agreed, in general, that Mahavira was an excellent reformer and awakener of contemporary society. However, most authors do not

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177 seem to admit Jainism as a social religion because the general tendencies of society are heterodox with their principles. Moreover, the individualistic principles do not apply to society (like the macro world theories to micro-world). According to Schweitzer, there are no principles useful for society in Jainism. However, if there are any, they have come from Hindu Religion. F. Jains Literature Many authors have mentioned the Dig./Svet. literature. However, Basham has clearly mentioned it to be tasteless and scholarshipshowing. G. Erroneous Statements 1. Almost all authors admit origination of the two main schisms in the first century C.E. They also mention about them. The nonidolator Sthanakavasi sect is also sometimes mentioned. But Terapantha of Sve. and Taranpantha of Digambaras generally do not find mention. The Jainas are generally found in every part and state of India. However, most authors have pointed Digambaras to exist in south and the Sve. in the north. (It is probable that this concept of theirs might be with early historical perspectives. They have generally, forgotten central, eastern and western India (Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Delhi, Jabalpur, Calcutta, Dimapur etc.). The Svet. have been stated to be more liberal and popular (on the basis of some of their tenets) than the Digambara (stated as conservative). 4. It is only women who undertake religious fastings. Also, it is only the males who participate in bidding. Generally, there is no mention of holy places in terms of salvation and miraculous places. However, Pavapur, Sammed shrikhar (and kailash also) find rare mention. Of course, Mt. Abu arid Shatrunjaya (shravana belagola also) find mention due to their art/architectural values. 6. Dr. Kaufman has stated that the Jaina images are different from

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178 and unattractive than Buddha images. These do not express the compassion and softness on their faces. When they are adored and ornamented, they look fierce. Almost all authors have expressed holy death process as 'selfstarvation'. The Jainas have abandoned the theory of nakedness for salvation and many Digambaras have adopted clothes while monks. The Jainas do not have harsh spiritual practices like the Hindus. However, the practices of hair plucking, harsh postures, meditation under heat, fastings (Mahavira had approx 4000 fasting days out of 4380 days in 12 years) and the like are extremes and non-conscientious activities. Rev. Murray opines that alms-begging and tasteless foods are also such activities. Conclusion It will be clear from the above as to what type of lop-sided and denatured concepts about Jainism are there in the Western academic world even at the end of 20th century. About 70% basic tenets of Judaism and Christianity are negative in character but they are not taken in that way. However, the Jaina tenets are called negative and secondary. Similarly, it is not proper to call Jainism as a religion of monks only on the basis of some earlier texts. Many of its texts contain laity practices for wordly welfare. The male and female laity are the important components of four-fold order of the Jainas and it is on them that the institution of monks and the order has become somuch longlived. The Jainas are also credited for their non-violent professions (like banking, textiles, transport, computers, jewellery etc.) and rigid spiritual practices. It is, therefore, necessary to perpare a book through the serious Jaina scholars to scholarly refute the above mentioned (and many others involving philosophical principles also) opinions. The institutions involved in promotion of Jainism abroad should come forward in this project. To prepare such a monograph, one will have to compile various points mentioned in western books published in the last fifty years (as suggested earlier) and analyse them to present the correct

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179 picture of Jainism. One will have to abandon the status quoist concepts and to elaborate the dynamism, positivity and enromous capacity of happiness promotion of Jainism. It is hoped that some National and International Jaina Institutions will come forward leading to the rightful exposition of Jainism on global arena. Some of the suggestions of S.K. Jain may also be taken care of by them.

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SAMYAKDARSHAN* The Gateway to Peace and Happiness Jagdish Prasad Jain "Sadhak" Peace and happiness can be achieved only through subsidence of passions, self-restraint, contentment and fellow-feeling, which are the attributes of a Samyakdrashti, who is determined, dedicated and devoted to follow the path of righteousness, non-injury, limitation of one's desires and possessions and other virtues. Our efforts should first of all be directed towards converting the Jains (who are called Jains because of birth in a Jain family) to Jainism and make them true Jains. A samyakdrashti is a true Jain in the real sense of the word. As stated in the sacred books of the Jains, Dansan Mulo Dhamma, i.e. samyakdarshan (right perception) is the root or foundation of piety or Dharma. The Prerequisites of Samyakdarshan The four prerequisites of samykdarshan--prasham, samvega (with its obverse aspect--nirveda), anukampa (compassion) and astikya--form the world-view of both a Jain house- holder as also of an ascetic. The quality of prasham endows a man with a certain degree of equanimity, calmness, balance which enables him to feel happy, contented and "at peace with himself". In Prashamratiprakarana, authored by Acharya Umaswami or Umasvati, who also wrote Tattvarthsutra, the so-called bible of the Jainas, it is stated : Swargasukhani parokshanyatyant Parokshameva Mokshasukham, Pratyaksham prashamsukham Na parvasham na cha Vyaya praptam. (237) * Revised version of lecture at 10th Biennial JAINA Convention, Philadelphia, USA, 4 July 1999.

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181 The happiness of heaven is indirect, it is beyond our experience. Thus we may be disinterested in it. The happiness of salvation is still more indirect. On the other hand, the peace and calm brought about by the subsidence or quelling down the excitement of passions (anger, pride, deceit and greed) and the happiness resulting therefrom can be directly experienced right here. This happiness is not dependent on other objects, things or beings. It is not perishable either. The so-called pleasures of worldly life, viz. sensual pleasures are always accompanied with pain. They are never full and unadulterated. They are preceded and/or followed by suffering. They are transient, passing and short-lived. What people in general consider happiness is mostly sensual pleasure which by its very nature is dependent on worldly objects pleasing to our senses. Prashwnsukha, i.e. happiness derived from or resulting from calmness and equanimity is free from all these short-comings. This calmness or equanamity and consequent peace and happiness in our lives results ftom subsidence of gross forms of anger, pride, deceitfulness and greed (anantanubandhi kashaya or passions) and by having a proper attitude towards life and by understanding and accepting the real nature of things. Accept the reality of things as they are and accept what you cannot change is a sure prescription for avoidance of stress and depression which are so common and prevalent in modern day life. Samvega results in a man having great enthusiasm for righteousness and avoidance of evil deeds. The obverse of samvega is nirveda or a spirit of renunciation. Some consider it a separate characteristic. It leads to disinterest in sensual pleasures, disenchantment with worldly things and possessions and detachment or renunciation in life. Yet another characteristic of samyakdarshan is anukampa (compassion), which is both negative and positive. In its negative sense it is ahimsa (non-violence) and in its positive sense it is compassion, goodwill, fellow-feeling. The four-fold bhavana (feelings/ reflections or mental dispositions) of maitri (amity or fellow feeling towards all living beings), pramoda (appreciation of the merits of others), karuna (unstinted sympathy and compassion for those in distress) and madhyastha (equanimity towards the perversely inclined) are considered part of anukampa and are golden principles for social

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182 intercourse and happy and peaceful life in the world. Astikya is belief in the principles of truth. It may be said to correspond to six fundamental truths of Shrimad Rajchandra, viz. the soul exists, it is eternal, it is the author of its activities, that therefore it is responsible for the consequences of its activities, it aspires for liberation and that there are means to achieve liberation. Samyakdarshan (right perception), samyakgyan (right knowledge) and samyakchartra (right conduct) combined are the means to achieve liberation (moksha). The affirmation, faith or conviction (astikya or shraddha) about the existence of soul, distinct from non-self, makes for samyakdarshan, forms the basis of understanding the reality of things or the fundamentals of life (tattvas) and leads to spiritual awakening and advancement. In the absence of samyakdarshan, neither knowledge can be samyak (right or enlightened) nor conduct can be samyak. It was probably keeping this in mind that Shrimad Rajchandra observed: koi kriyajad thai rahya sushkagyan ma koi mane marg mokshno karuna upje joi. Some are entangled in barren rituals, others stuck in knowledge dry, And in these they view a road to liberation. 1 have pity for these. If a person is not convinced of the existence and reality of sentient being (jiva) and its special characteristics (such as consciousness, performer of actions and liable for the results there of, etc.), he would remain deeply engrossed and attached to his body and sensual pleasures. This will result in the adoption of the attitude of aggressiveness and possessiveness, which niilitate against social harmony, peace and well-being of mankind. Peace can be achieved only through contentment and fellow feeling. Characteristics of Samyakdarshan In addition to the above-mentioned prerequisites of Samyakdrishti, there also are certain other characteristics, the socalled limbs or component parts of samyakdarshan. One of them is unshakeable faith or conviction in the existence and reality of self and non-self and in the doctrine of anekant (Non-absolutism). This faith is not blind faith or mental slavery since it is in fact a decision arrived

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183 at after mature consideration and understanding of things. A Samyakdrasthi is aware of the limitations of thinking and the harmful effects of frustration. Therefore, after deliberating on different aspects and viewpoints he wants to arrive at rational decisions and be free from skepticism or doubt (Nihshankita). He knows that doubt kills decision and without an act of decision an individual is unable to muster enough courage to go forward. This faith in Self or atman him to attain a sort of mental equilibrium and consequently he does not fear death, pain, censure, insecurity, etc. He becomes modest, forsakibng all pride of learning, honour, family, affluence, etc. and desire with regard to the future. Eventuafly, he wants to be Nihkankshita (free from desires for worldly things). A Samyakdrashti, having an open mind, ever eager to learn from history and experience and grounded in Anekant, scientific outlook and rational thinking, is not slave to customary beliefs or conventions or vested interests. He is thus free from delusive notions and fol (Amudhatas). As he has gained true insight about the reality of things, the self and non-self, he is free from disgust (Nirvichikitsa), and feels no revulsion at the sight of human sickness, insanity or ugliness. He does not hate or condemn others on grounds of religion., race, colour, creed or nationality. Not only he avoids hating others, he is also enjoined to practice vatsalya (disinterested affection or selfless love) for the fellow beings, dedicating his fife to the service and support of all human beings without any distinction of race, religion, sex or nationality. Another characteristic of a Samyakdrasthi is upguhana (tendency to cover up or hide from public view the shortcomings of persons) or upavrhana, that is cultivation of virtuous dispositions of honesty, gratitude, ahimsa (non-violence), forgiveness, modesty, straightforwardness, etc. When people deviate from the path of righteousness under the influence of greed, possessiveness, conceit and pride and indulge in aggressiveness and exploitation of the weak, a Samyakdrasthi endeavours to re-establish them on the path of righteousness (sthitikarana). Lastly, he tries to propagate values of life (Prabhavana) by making good ways of life, of thinking and doing things widely known and easily accessible to people at large the world

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184 over through publications, radio, television, internet, etc. Conclusion As a result of samyakdarshan, one becomes an entirely transformed being. As attitude towards life, his outlook of the world and worldly things, the basis of his relations with others, his conception and assessment of values all are changed. This miraculous transformation is evidenced in the person's attitude and behaviour by the five tendencies (calmness, entusiasr detachment, compassion and acceptance of reality) which become automatically manifest in a person gifted with samyakdarshan and are, as it were, its differentiate. This transformation of individual consciousness rarely occurs overnight. It is a matter of growth and the following of a plan with a fixed mental intent. That is why a life of following discipline, selfrestraint, the five abstentions or vows (non-injury, truthfulness, nonstealing, sex-fidelity and setting a limit to the maximum wealth or woridy objects one would possess) together with their augmenting and supporting vows, five Samiti (carefulness) (in moving, speaking, 'eating, keeping and receiving things and evacuating bowels), three kinds of self-control in mind, speech and body, twelve reflections and ten virtues (forgiveness, humitity, straightforwardness, truth, purity of body and mind, self-restraint, austerities, renunciation, nonacquisitiveness, and chastity) is considered essential. Thus, samyakdarshan not only enables an individual to obtain peace of mind and happiness, but also facilitates social harmony and peace in the world. "Be a Samyakdrashti Today!"

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vidyApITha ke prAMgaNa meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM pro0 sAgaramala jaina kA bhavya svAgata ___ pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI saMcAlaka samiti ne pichale dinoM pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina ko vidyApITha ke mantrI pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| vidyApITha ke nidezaka pada se 1997 I0 meM avakAza grahaNa karane ke uparAnta bhI saMcAlaka samiti ke anurodha para DaoN0 jaina saMsthAna ko mAnad nidezaka ke rUpa meM apanI bahumUlya sevAyeM dete rhe| vidyApITha ke mantrI ke rUpa meM saMsthAna meM unake prathama Agamana para dinAMka 6 jUna ko bhavya svAgata samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya ke kalA saMkAya ke pramukha pro0 esa0ena0 mizra, darzana vibhAga ke adhyakSa pro0 DI0e0 gaMgAdhara, pUrva adhyakSa pro0 revatIramaNa pANDeya, prAcIna bhAratIya itihAsa vibhAga ke pro0 mAhezvarI prasAda, DaoN0 harihara siMha, DaoN0 kamala giri, DaoN0 mArutinandana prasAda tivArI, pro0 sudarzanalAla jaina, DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina, DaoN0 kamalezakumAra jaina, DaoN0 jhinakU yAdava, DaoN0 aruNa pratApa siMha, zrI satyendramohana jaina, sthAnIya jaina samAja ke kaI padAdhikArI tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM unake prazaMsaka upasthita rhe| dera taka cale isa kAryakrama kA saMcAlana DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya ne kiyaa| vaktAoM ne apane udbodhana meM pro0 sAgaramala jaina ke saMsthAna se puna: sakriya rUpa se jur3ane para hArdika prasatratA vyakta karate hue unake dIrghAyu hone kI kAmanA kii| svAgata samAroha ke pazcAt sAmUhika bhoja kA bhI sundara Ayojana rhaa| pUjya AcAryazrI rAjayazavijayasUrIzvara jI ma.sA0 kI preraNA se pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM sthApita aura vArANasI nivAsI zrI nirmalacaMdajI gAMdhI evaM unake parivAra kI ora se pradatta 11/ lAkha rupaye ke Arthika sahayoga se nirmita mAtRzrI reNudevI jaina bhojanazAlA meM aba taka jaina samAja se kula 546 mitiyA~ prApta ho cukI haiN| eka miti hetu eka hajAra eka sau gyAraha (1111/-) rupaye kI dhanarAzi nirdhArita rahI hai| saMsthAna mitidAnadAtAoM ke prati AbhAra prakaTa karate hue unase bhaviSya meM bhI isI prakAra ke sahayoga kI apekSA rakhatA hai| bhojanazAlA ke Arambha ho jAne se yahA~ adhyayanArtha virAjita sAdhu-sAdhvI evaM parisara sthita chAtrAvAsoM meM rahane vAle zodhachAtra-chAtrAyeM tathA Agantuka atithigaNa/zodhachAtra Adi isase lAbhAnvita ho rahe haiN|

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186 pArzvacandragaccha kI sAdhviyA~ adhyayanArtha vidyApITha meM pArzvacandragacchIya sAdhvI OMkAra zrIjI ma0sA0 kI ziSyAyeM sAdhvI saMyamarasA jI ma0 sA0; sAdhvI siddhAntarasA jI ma0 sA0 evaM sAdhvI saMvegarasA jI ma0 sA0 yahA~ vidyApITha meM adhyayanArtha virAjita haiN| vidyApITha kI pravaktA DaoN0 sudhA jaina unheM prAta:kAla sAr3he pA~ca baje se sAr3he chaha baje taka Asana, prANAyAma evaM dhyAna ke prayoga karavAtI haiN| sAdhvI jI mahArAja ke sAtha-sAtha yahA~ chAtrAvAsa meM raha rahI zodha-chAtrAyeM bhI ina prayogoM kA lAbha le rahI haiN| vidyApITha ke variSTha pravaktA DaoN0 azokakumAra siMha ina sAdhviyoM ko saMskRta-prAkRta-vyAkaraNa evaM uttarAdhyayanasUtra tathA DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya jaina nyAya evaM DaoN0 zivaprasAda unheM jainadharma evaM zvetAmbara jaina gacchoM ke itihAsa kA adhyayana karA rahe haiN| sAdhvI jI mahArAja sukha-sAtApUrvaka yahA~ virAjamAna haiN| zrAvakagaNa unake darzanArtha yahA~ samaya-samaya para padhArate rahate haiM aura vidyApITha kI zaikSaNika gatividhiyoM se bhI avagata hote haiN| upA0 yazovijaya smRti mandira evaM pUjya rAjayazasUri vidyAbhavana kA nirmANa pUrNa pUjya AcAryazrI rAjayazasUri jI ma0sA0 kI preraNA se 22 lAkha rupayoM kI rAzi se yahA~ navanirmita do bhavanoM- 1- upAdhyAya zrI yazovijayasmRtimandira evaM 2- pUjya zrI rAjayazasUri vidyAbhavana kA nirmANa kArya pUrNa ho gyaa| ina donoM bhavanoM kA aupacArika udghATana dinAMka 21 akTUbara ko hone jA rahA hai| prathama bhavana kA upayoga yoga-sAdhanA hetu tathA dvitIya bhavana kA upayoga chAtrAvAsa ke liye hogaa| 'acalagaccha kA itihAsa' kA vimocana 28 akTUbara ko DaoN0 zivaprasAda dvArA likhita aura pArzvanAtha vidyApITha evaM prAkRtabhAratI akAdamI, jayapura dvArA saMyukta rUpa se prakAzita acalagaccha kA itihAsa nAmaka zodhagrantha kA vimocana acalagaccha saMgha ke pU0 AcArya kalAprabhasAgarajI ma.sA0 ke sAnnidhya meM Ayojita eka samAroha meM unhIM ke kara kamaloM se uvasaggaharatIrtha, nagapurA, jilA-durga, chattIsagar3ha meM dinAMka 28 akTUbara ko hone jA rahA hai| isa avasara para donoM hI saMsthAoM ke pratinidhi bhI upasthita rheNge|

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jaina jagat DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla ke abhinandana grantha kA lokArpaNa naI dillI 8 apraila : vizvavikhyAt AdhyAtmika pravaktA DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla ko lAla kile ke sAmane pareDa grAuNDa meM Ayojita eka bhavya samAroha meM unheM sammAnita kara unake abhinandana grantha "tattvavettA : DaoN0 hukamacanda bhArilla' kA lokArpaNa kiyA gyaa| AcArya vidyAnanda jI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM Ayojita isa bhavya kAryakrama meM zrI dIpacanda bhAI gArDI, sAhU ramezacandra jaina tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM DaoN0 bhArilla ke prazaMsaka upasthita rhe| isI samAroha meM suprasiddha saMgItakAra zrI haricaraNa varmA ko 'saMgItasamayasAra' puraskAra se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra para antarrASTrIya saMgoSThI sampanna naI dillI 12 apraila : bhagavAna mahAvIra kI 2600vIM jayantI ke pAvana avasara para bhogIlAla laheracanda insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolAjI dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke jIvana-darzana para iMDiyA inTaranezanala seMTara naI dillI ke sabhAgAra se tIna divasIya antarrASTrIya saMgoSThI kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa saMgoSThI meM suvikhyAt vidhivettA aura briTena meM bhArata ke pUrva uccAyukta DaoN0 lakSmImala siMghavI, suprasiddha kalAvid evaM itihAsakAra pro0 ema0e0 DhAMkI, bhAratIya darzana ke suprasiddha vidvAn pro0 kamalacanda jI sogAnI, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mAnad nidezaka evaM mantrI pro0 sAgaramala jaina, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI saMcAlaka samiti ke zrI bI0ena0jaina tathA saMyukta mantrI zrI indrabhUti barar3a, lAlabhAI dalapatabhAI bhAratIya saMskRti vidyAmandira ke niyAmaka yuvA vidvAn DaoN0 jItendra bI0 zAha, zAkAhAra ke liye samarpita DaoN0 nemicanda jaina (aba svargastha), ahiMsA iNTaranezanala ke mahAsaciva zrI satIza kumAra jaina tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM jainavidyA se sambaddha deza-videza ke vidvAn upasthita the| tIna dina cale isa saMgoSThI ke vibhinna satroM meM aneka mahattvapUrNa zodha Alekha prastuta kiye gye| granthAgAra kA bhUmipUjana samAroha sampanna nayI dillI 26 apraila : kundakunda bhAratI parisara meM 26 apraila guruvAra ko prAta: 8.00 baje AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI mahArAja ke pAvana sAnidhya meM bhavya rUpa

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188 se granthAgAra bhUmipUjana samAroha kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| isa samAroha meM dillI prAnta kI mukhyamantrI mAnanIyA zrImatI zIlA dIkSita mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita rhiiN| AcAryazrI sohanalAla jI ma0 kA 67vAM puNyasmaraNa samAroha sampanna amRtasara 30 apraila : jinazAsana meM AcAryapada kI mahatI garimA hai| AcArya samyak AcAra kA svayaM pAlana karatA hai tathA caturvidha saMgha se pAlana karavAtA hai| usakA jJAna va AcaraNa eka samAna hotA hai, kathanI aura karanI meM vibhinnatA nahIM hotii| jJAna va cAritra kA dhanI mahApuruSa AcArya hI vartamAna meM tIrthaGkara tulya pUjanIya hotA hai| tIrthaGkara mahAvIra kI isa gauravazAlI AcArya-paramparA meM kalikAla sarvajJa, jyotiSamArtaNDa pradhAnAcArya zrI sohanalAla jI ma0 kA viziSTa sthAna hai| tatkAlIna sampUrNa sthAnakavAsI jaina-paramparA ke sabhI AcAryoM ne ajamera sammelana meM unheM apanA pradhAnAcArya svIkAra karake unake adbhuta jJAna va zIla kA abhinandana karake svayaM ko dhanya kiyA thaa| ve dIrgha tapasvI, gambhIra jJAnI va kuzala anuzAstA the| anuzAsana meM vaha vajra ke samAna kaThora the| pratikUlatAoM va virodhoM ke tUphAnoM meM bhI unhoMne apanI zAnti ko bhaMga nahIM hone diyaa| ve prathama jainAcArya the jinhoMne jainAgamoM ke AdhAra para jaina paJcAMga kA nirmANa kiyA thaa| unakA zAzvata sandeza thA- "manuSya ko na to pAnI ke samAna, na hI patthara ke samAna honA cAhie, use to bIkAnerI mizrI kI bhAMti honA caahie| mizrI kisI para pheMkI jAe to coTa pahuMcAtI hai aura mukha meM DAlI jAe to anokhI miThAsa pradAna karatI hai| isI prakAra manuSya ko sadguNoM ke prati vinamra tathA durguNoM ke prati kaThora honA caahie|" ye vicAra jainasAdhvI DaoN0 arcanA jI ma0 ne pUjya sohanalAla jI ma0 ke 67veM puNya smaraNa divasa para vizAla dharmasabhA ko sambodhita karate hue vyakta kiye| pravacana divAkara zrI sudhIra muni jI ma0 ne kahA- "dIpaka jalatA huA hI prakAza karatA hai kintu bujhate hI andherA kara detA hai| sUraja jaba taka AkAza meM udIyamAna hai tabhI taka apane Aloka se ujiyArA karatA hai, parantu asta hote hI jagat meM aMdhiyArA vyApta kara detA hai, parantu santa aisI jindagI jI letA hai ki AyuSya kA dIpaka bujha bhI jAe, jIvana kA sUrya asta bhI ho jAe para usake jJAna va anubhava kA tathA satkarmoM kA ujiyArA banA rahatA hai| unakI mahatI upalabdhiyoM se preraNAeM pAkara loga jahAM svayaM ke jIvana ko prazasta banAte haiM vahIM apane samparka meM Ane vAloM ko bhI anubhavI va tejasvI banA dete haiN| AcAryazrI sohanalAla jI ma0 ke zAsanakAla meM eka se eka utkRSTa jJAnI-dhyAnI va saMyamI mahApuruSoM kI sampadA se caturvidha saMgha gauravAnvita thaa| jisane bhI unakI caraNa-zaraNa ko svIkAra kiyA usake Atmika saundarya ko unhoMne prasphuTita kara diyaa| saubhAgyazAlI vaha AtmAeM rahI hoMgI jinheM unakA maMgala va varadAnadAyaka

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189 sAnnidhya prApta huA thaa| saMyama kI zithilatA unheM bardAsta nahIM thii| ve apramatta yogI va cAritracUr3AmaNi santaratna the|" pUjya sohanalAla jaina hAIskUla kI mukhyAdhyApikA zrImatI kamaleza navitA ne kahA- "ve jaina samAja ke pahale AcArya the jinhoMne samAja ko zikSA va sevA ke racanAtmaka kAryoM ke karane kI preraNAeM dI thii| vArANasI kA pArzvanAtha zodha saMsthAna (aba pArzvanAtha vidyApITha) jo kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya dvArA mAnya hai, yaha ekamAtra jainoM kA adbhuta zikSA saMsthAna pUjyazrI kI amara dena hai| yahAM se saikar3oM zodha grantha prakAzita hae haiM tathA hajAroM vidvAnoM ne jainadharma va darzana ke siddhAntoM kA gaharA adhyayana kiyA hai|'' isa avasara para maMca kA saMcAlana mahAmantrI zrImahendra jaina ne kiyA aura prabhAvanA kA kAryakrama mitramaNDala ke sadasyoM kI ora se sampanna huaa| isa avasara para pUjya zrI sohanalAla jaina smAraka para mitramaNDala ke sadasyoM dvArA vizAla laMgara bhI lagAyA gyaa| nayI dillI 7 maI : zramaNasaMgha ke caturthapaTTadhara AcArya DaoN0 zivamuni jI ma0sA0 kA cAdara samarpaNa samAroha dinAMka 7 maI ko sthAnIya RSabha-vihAra meM dhUmadhAma se sampanna huaa| isameM bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnakavAsI samAja ke sAdhu-sAdhvI upasthita rhe| samAroha meM zrI sundaralAla paTavA, zrI surezadAdA jaina tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne bhAga liyaa| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ke mantrI pro0 sAgaramala jaina, pUrva mantrI zrI bhUpendranAtha jaina tathA saMsthAna ke saMyukta mantrI zrI indrabhUti barar3a vizeSa rUpa se yahA~ upasthita the| ThIka 1 bajakara 10 minaTa para cAdara samarpaNa samAroha sampanna haa| isI samAroha meM pArzvanAtha vidyApITha ko mAnya vizvavidyAlaya banAne hetu samAja se Arthika sahayoga kI apIla bhI kI gayI jisa para samAja ke gaNamAnya logoM ne pUrNa sahayoga kA AzvAsana diyaa| yUnesko dvArA AcAryazrI vidyAnandajI kA vyAkhyAna Ayojita nayI dillI 8 maI : yUnesko dvArA antarrASTrIya stara para zAnti evaM sauhArda kI bhAvanAoM ke pracAra-prasAra ke liye calAye jA rahe vizvavyApI kAryakrama ke antargata di08 maI 2001 ko rAjadhAnI sthita rASTrIya saMgrahAlaya ke bhavya sabhAgAra meM AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja kA maMgala vyAkhyAna Ayojita kiyA gyaa| samAroha kI adhyakSatA kendrIya mAnava saMsAdhana vikAsa mantrI zrI muralImanohara jozI ne kii| pANDulipi saMrakSaNa kendra kA zubhArambha jayapura 20 maI : rAjasthAna meM sthApita pahale pANDulipi saMrakSaNa kendra kA

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190 zubhArambha digambara jaina nasiyAM bhaTTArakajI, jayapura meM saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, jayapura ke kulapati padmazrI DaoN0 maNDana mizra ke karakamaloM se 20 maI ko sampanna huaa| mahAvIra digambara jaina pANDulipi saMrakSaNa kendra digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI evaM iNDiyana nezanala TrasTa phaoNra ArTa eNDa kalcarala heriTeja, lakhanaU 'ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM jayapura meM prArambha kiyA gayA hai| isa kendra meM purAtana, durlabha hastalikhita pANDulipiyoM kA saMrakSaNa kiyA jaayegaa| saMrakSaNa meM inTeka dvArA vikasita kI gayI sabhI Adhunika takanIka prayoga meM lI jaayegii| isa kendra ke mAdhyama se grantha bhaNDAroM evaM mandiroM meM upalabdha durlabha pANDulipiyoM ke saMrakSaNa kI vyavasthA kI jA rahI hai| pANDulipiyoM ke saMrakSaNa se jur3e logoM ko isa kendra dvArA prazikSita bhI kiyA jaayegaa| samAroha ke mukhya atithi DaoN0 maNDana mizra ne pANDulipiyoM ke saMrakSaNa kI dRSTi se prArambha kiye gaye isa kendra kA adhika se adhika lAbha uThAye jAne kA AhvAna kiyA / inTeka ke DAyarekTara janarala DaoN0 o0 pI0 agravAla ne isa kendra ko inTeka kI ora se na kevala takanIkI balki Arthika sahayoga bhI pradAna kiye jAne kI ghoSaNA kii| DaoN0 agravAla ne apane svargIya mAtA-pitA ke nAma se sthApita TrasTa kI ora 2,000/- rupaye mAsika kI eka chAtravRtti kI ghoSaNA bhI isa avasara para kii| isa samAroha meM jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIra jI tathA apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI, jayapura dvArA saMcAlita 6 patrAcAra pAThyakramoM meM vizeSa yogyatA lekara uttIrNa hue mahAnubhAvoM ko svarNapadaka, rajatapadaka evaM anya puraskAroM se puraskRta kiyA gyaa| samAroha kI adhyakSatA devarSi zrI kalAnAtha zAstrI, pUrva adhyakSa, rAjasthAna saMskRta akAdamI, jayapura ne kii| jaina vidyA saMsthAna ke saMyojaka DaoN0 kamalacanda sogAnI ne saMsthAna kA paricaya aura zrI pI0sI0 jaina ne dhanyavAda jJApita kiyaa| padmAvatI caityAlaya kA zilAnyAsa sampanna nayI dillI 27 maI : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka varSa meM sva0 zrI harakhacanda jI nAhaTA parivAra kI ora se nayI dillI meM 6 maI 2001 ko zubha muhUrta meM mAM padmAvatI caityAlaya 'mahAbalIpuram' ke nirmANa hetu bhUmipUjana kA pAvana kAryakrama paramapUjya upAdhyAya zrI maNiprabhasAgara jI ma0sA0 ke pAvana sAnnidhya meM sampanna huaa| bhUmipUjana ke pazcAt usI dina bhUmi khanana kArya prArambha huA aura di0 27 maI ko upAdhyAya maNiprabhasAgara jI munivRnda, sAdhvIvRnda tathA dillI jaina saMgha ke cAroM sampradAyoM ke zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM, jainetara dharmaguru va anuyAyiyoM kI upasthiti meM pUrNa vidhi-vidhAna ke sAtha mandira nirmANa hetu zilAropaNa kara nirmANa kArya prArambha ho gyaa|

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191 zrutapaJcamI-samAroha sampanna nayI dillI 27 maI : kundakunda bhAratI, nayI dillI ke prAMgaNa meM 27 maI 2001 ravivAra ko AcArya vidyAnanda jI mahArAja ke sAnidhya meM zrutapaJcamI ke avasara para jina mandira meM sthAnIya jaina samAja dvArA zruta pUjana kA kAryakrama sampanna huaa| madhya pradeza meM jaina samudAya alpasaMkhyaka ghoSita bhopAla 29 maI : jainadharmAvalambI lambe samaya se pUre deza meM janacetanA evaM ahiMsaka Andolana calAte hue svayaM ko alpasaMkhyaka ghoSita karane kI mAMga karate A rahe haiN| digambara jaina mahAsamiti ke rASTrIya adhyakSa zrI devakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla ke athaka prayAsoM se madhya pradeza sarakAra ne apane yahA~ jaina samudAya ko alpasaMkhyaka jAti ke rUpa meM mAnyatA pradAna kara dI jisase unheM aba madhya pradeza meM anya dhArmika alpasaMkhyakoM- musmila, sikkha, IsAI kI bhA~ti viziSTa rAjakIya saMrakSaNa evaM anya suvidhAe~ prApta ho skeNgii| zramaNasaMgha kI ekatA para bala zrI dharmadAsa gaNi pariSada, ratalAma dvArA prakAzita mAsika patrikA saubhAgyasUryasandeza ke maI 2001 ke aMka meM zramaNasaMgha ke pravartaka zrI umeza muni jI ma0sA0 kA eka sAkSAtkAra prakAzita haA hai| apane udbodhana meM zrI umeza muni jI ne zramaNasaMgha kI ekatA banAye rakhane para bala diyA aura kahA ki hama sabhI kA hita isI meM hai ki zramaNa saMgha vikhaNDita rhe| paM0 lakSmaNabhAI bhojaka AcArya hemacandrasUri puraskAra se sammAnita prAcIna lipivizeSajJa evaM vayovRddha vidvAn zrI lakSmaNabhAI bhojaka ko AcArya hemacandrasUri puraskAra-2000 se sammAnita kiyA gyaa| puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha di0 10 jUna 2001 ko bhogIlAla laheracanda insTITyUTa oNpha iNDolAjI ke bhavya sabhAgAra meM Ayojita kiyA gayA jisameM uttara gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, pATaNa ke kulapati pro0 balavanta esa0 jaoNnI ne zrI lakSmaNabhAI ko puraskAra rAzi ke rUpa meM 51,000/rupaye, zAla, pratIka cihna Adi bheMTa kara sammAnita kiyaa| jJAtavya hai ki aba taka yaha puraskAra jaina vidyA ke kSetra meM zodhakArya kara rahe zIrSastha vidvAnoM pro0 eca0sI0 bhAyANI, pro0 ema0e0 DhAMkI, pro0 vI0ema0 kulakarNI, pro0 e0ema0 ghATage aura pro0 esa0Ara0 banarjI ko pradAna kiyA jA cukA hai| ukta samAroha meM bhogIlAla laheracanda iMsTITyUTa oNpha iNDolAjI dvArA prAyojita akhilabhAratIya prAkRtabhASA evaM sAhitya ke grISmakAlIna adhyayana zivira kI samApti para usameM bhAga lene vAle

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192 adhyetAoM ko puraskAra, pramANapatra Adi pradAna kiye gaye / karmavAda para Ayojita kAryazAlA sampanna ahamadAbAda 30 jUna : antarrASTrIya jaina vidyA adhyayana kendra, gujarAta vidyApITha, ahamadAbAda aura navIna insTITyUTa oNpha spiricyuala sAyakolaoNjI, ahamadAbAda ke saMyukta tattvAvadhAna meM karmavAda para 6 divasIya kAryazAlA kA Ayojana kiyA gyaa| kAryazAlA di0 25 jUna se ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna sabhAgAra, gujarAta vidyApITha meM prArambha huI aura 30 jUna taka clii| isameM karmavAda ke vibhinna 15 viSayoM para suvikhyAt dArzanika pro0 sAgaramala jaina, adhiSThAtA - pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya, yuvA vidvAn evaM variSTha pravaktA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI, DaoN0 nandalAla jaina, rIvA tathA do sthAnIya vidvAn DaoN0 candrahAsa trivedI evaM maNibhAI zAha aura zrI navInabhAI zAha ne prakAza ddaalaa| kAryazAlA kA samApana samAroha gujarAta vizvavidyAlaya, ahamadAbAda ke kulasaciva kI adhyakSatA meM sampanna huA tathA antarrASTrIya jaina vidyA adhyayana kendra kI niyAmaka DaoN0 pUrNimA esa0 mehatA ne dhanyavAda jJApita kiyaa| (AcAryasamrAT (DaoN0) zivamuni jI mahArAja kA cAturmAsa dillI meM zramaNa saMgha ke caturtha paTTadhara AcArya (DaoN0 ) zivamuni jI ma0sA0, upapravartaka zrI tAraka RSi jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA 8 kA varSa 2001 kA cAturmAsa vIranagara, dillI meM ho rahA hai| AcAryazrI evaM anya sAdhu-satIvRndoM ke maMgala praveza ke avasara para 2 julAI ko bhavya kAryakrama kA Ayojana kiyA gayA jisameM dillI kI mukhyamantrI mAnanIyA zrImatI zIlA dIkSita mukhya atithi ke rUpa meM upasthita rhiiN| cAturmAsa kI avadhi meM sthAnIya zrIsaMgha dvArA vibhinna ziviroM kA bhI Ayojana kiyA gayA hai, jisakA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra hai: cAturmAsa kAla meM Ayojita sAdhanA zivira kA vivaraNa 8 julAI, 2001 prAtaH 10.30 se 4.30 1. "jIvana jIne kI kalA" eka divasIya dhyAna sAdhanA zivira 2. svAdhyAya zivira 16 se 25 julAI, 2001 subaha : dopahara 1.30 se 3.30 rAtri : 8.00 se 10.00 3. mauna, dhyAna evaM Atma AlocanA sapta divasIya zivira 15 agasta se 21 agasta, 2001

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4. bAla saMskAra zivira 17 se 26 akTUbara, 2001 bhagavAn mahAvIra meDiTezana eNDa risarca seNTara dillI dvArA Ayojita evaM vIranagara zrI saMgha dvArA saMcAlita 4 divasIya dhyAna sAdhanA zivira kA vivaraNa julAI : 12-13-14-15 (guru, zukra, zani, ravi) julAI : 26-27-28 - 29 ( guru, zukra, zani, ravi) agasta : 9-10-11-12 ( guru, zukra, zani, ravi) agasta : 25-26-27-28 ( guru, zukra, zani, ravi ) sitambara : 6-7-8-9 ( guru, zukra, zani, ravi) sitambara : 20-21-22-23 (guru, zukra, zani, ravi) akTUbara : 4-5-6-7 (guru, zukra, zani, ravi) akTUbara : 13-14-15-16 ( zani, ravi, soma, maMgala) navambara : 1-2-3-4 (guru, zukra, zani, . ravi) navambara : 22-23-24-25 (guru, zukra, zani, ravi) dillI ke vibhinna kSetroM meM virAjita zramaNasaMgha ke padAdhikArI munirAja 1. upAdhyAyapravara zrI vizAla muni jI ma0sA0, salAhakAra tapasvI zrI sumati prakAza jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA-7 uttamanagara, dillii| 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. lokamAnya santa, pravartaka zrI rUpacanda jI ma0sA0 'rajata', upapravartaka salAhakAra zrI sukana muni jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA- 13 vivekavihAra, dillii| maMtrIpravara zrI sumana muni jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA- 3 kolhApura roDa, dillii| upa pravartaka zrI hemacandra jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA-7 vIra apArTameNTa, rohiNI, dillii| upa pravartaka, vANIbhUSaNa zrI amaramuni jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA- 9 pazcima vihAra, dillii| paM0 ratna zrI rameza muni jI zAstrI, upa pravartaka zrI rAjendra muni jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA- 5 zAstrInagara, dillii| 193

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194 7. upa pravartaka zrI vinayamuni jI ma.sA0 "bhIma' Adi ThANA-3 lakSmInagara, dillii| upa pravartaka zrI ravIndra muni jI ma.sA0 Adi ThANA-5 sadara bAjAra, dillii| 8. cAturmAsa meM virAjita pUjyA mahAsatIvRnda upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI kesaradevI jI ma0sA0ThANA 9; upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI kauzalyA jI ma.sA. 'zramaNI' Adi ThANA-11; tapapravartinI mahAsatI zrI hemakuMvara jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA-8; AdhyAtmayoginI mahAsatI zrI kauzalyA jI ma.sA0; mahAsatI zrI saroja jI ma0sA0; viduSI sAdhvI mahAsatI zrI maMjU zrI jI ma.sA0; upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI saritA jI ma.sA0; mahAsatI zrI sneha kumArI jI ma0 sA0; sAdhvI zrI ajaya kumArI jI ma0sA0 vIranagara, dillI ke Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM meM virAjita mahAsatIvRnda 1. sthavirA mahAsatI zrI mAyAdevI jI ma0sA0, upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI ramezakumArI jI ma.sA0 Adi ThANA-7, zaktinagara, dillii| 2. upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI AjJAvatI jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA-6, upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI pavanakumArI jI ma0sA0 Adi ThANA-12, zaktinagara eksaTeMzana, dillii| upa pravartinI mahAsatI zrI svarNakumArI jI ma0 sA0, kolhApura roDa, dillii| 4. mahAsatI zazi prabhA jI ma.sA. ThANA-4, mahAsatI pavitrajyoti jI ma.sA0 ThANA-2, rANApratApa bAga, dillii| 5. mahAsatI zrI vimalA jI ma0sA0 ThANA-4, DerAvAlanagara, dillii| 6. mahAsatI zrI pravINakumArI jI ma0 sA0 Adi ThANA-5, azokavihAra, dillii| gAjiyAbAda meM bhavya cAturmAsa praveza sampanna gAjiyAbAda : zramaNasaMgha ke caturtha paTTadhara AcArya (DaoN0) zivamuni jI ma.sA. ke AjJAnuvartI paNDitaratna zrI nareza muni jI ma0sA0 evaM mahAsatI (DaoN0) zrI darzanaprabhA jI ma.sA0 Adi santa-satIvRnda kA pichale dinoM gAjiyAbAda meM bhavya cAturmAsika praveza ke pAvana avasara para sthAnIya jaina samAja dvArA bhAvabhInA svAgata kiyA gyaa|

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195 zrI saubhAgya muni 'kumuda' kA cAturmAsa sikandarAbAda meM sikandarAbAda 30 jUna : zramaNasaMghIya salAhakAra zrI saubhAgya muni 'kumuda' evaM zrI jayavardhana muni ThANA-2 kA isa varSa kA cAturmAsa sikandarAbAda honA nizcita huA aura tadnusAra 30 jUna ko vahAM munidvaya kA maMgala praveza dhUma-dhAma se sampanna huaa| pUjya AcAryazrI rAjayazasUri jI ma.sA0 kA pAvana cAturmAsa ___ahamadAbAda meM zvetAmbara pArzvanAtha janmabhUmi mandira, vArANasI evaM vibhinna tIrthoM ke uddhAraka, pUjya AcAryazrI rAjayazasUrIzvara jI mahArAja kA varSa 2001 kA pAvana cAturmAsa jodhapura grAma roDa, seTelAiTa eriyA, ahamadAbAda meM ho rahA hai| AcAryazrI yahA~ sasaMgha sukha-sAtApUrvaka virAjamAna haiN| di0 9 disambara ko seTelAiTa eriyA meM hI navanirmita gaur3I pArzvanAtha tIrtha kI pratiSThA bhI AcAryazrI ke karakamaloM se hone jA rahI hai| AcAryazrI kI preraNA se pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI meM navanirmita do bhavanoM 1. yazovijaya smRti mandira aura 2. rAjayazasUri vidyA bhavana kA bhavya udghATana di0 21 akTUbara ko hone jA rahA hai| jJAtavya hai ki ukta donoM bhavanoM ke nirmANa meM 22 lAkha rupaye kA vyaya huA hai| sAdhvI OMkAra zrIjI ThANA 10 kA cAturmAsa vArANasI meM zrImannAgapurIya bRhattapAgaccha (pArzvacandragaccha) ke ugra tapasvI munirAja zrI vijayacandrajI kI AjJAnuvartinI evaM pravartinI mahattarA viduSIsAdhvI khAMtizrIjI kI ziSyAratna dharmaprabhAvikA, pravartinI sAdhvI OMkAra zrIjI ThANA-10 yahAM bhelUpura sthita bhagavAn pArzvanAtha janmabhUmi mandira parisara sthita upAzraya meM virAjita haiN| vArANasI zrIsaMgha meM apUrva ullAsa evaM dharmajAgRti banI huI hai| OMkAra zrIjI ma0 sA0 kI tIna ziSyAyeM-- sAdhvI saMyamarasA zrIjI, sAdhvI siddhAntarasA zrIjI evaM sAdhvI saMvegarasA zrIjI pArzvanAtha vidyApITha meM jaina darzana va vyAkaraNa ke adhyayanArtha virAjita hai| AcArya vijaya indradinnasUrIzvara jI mahArAja kA cAturmAsa haridvAra meM zrI Atma-vallabha-samudra sUrIzvara jI ma0sA0 ke kramika paTTadhara, paramAra kSatriyoddhAraka, gacchAdhipati zrImad vijaya indraditrasUrIzvara jI mahArAja ThANA-13 kA varSa 2001 kA pAvana cAturmAsa tapobhUmi haridvAra meM ho rahA hai| AcAryazrI kA cAturmAsa

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196 hetu maMgala praveza 1-7-2001 ko prAtaH 8 baje huaa| Apa RSikeza ke mArga para sthita zrI cintAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha para sasaMgha virAjita haiN| pharIdAbAda : AcAryazrI puSpadanta sAgara jI mahArAja ke ziSya zrI aruNasAgara jI mahArAja kA varSa 2001 kA maMgala cAturmAsa hariyANA prAnta kI audyogika nagarI pharIdAbAda meM hai| Apake maMgala sAnidhya meM yahA~ vibhinna dhArmika Ayojana sampanna ho rahe haiN| gAjiyAbAda : zrI nareza muni jI ma0sA0 ThANA - 3 evaM DaoN0 zrI darzanaprabhA jI ma0sA0 ThANA-5 kA varSa 2001 kA maMgala cAturmAsa gAjiyAbAda- uttara pradeza meM ho rahA hai| ApazrI ke sAnnidhya meM yahA~ pratidina vibhinna dhArmika Ayojana sampanna ho rahe haiN| Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM se pratidina saikar3oM zraddhAlu Akara ApazrI ke caraNoM meM apanI zraddhA samarpita kara rahe haiM aura guruvANI evaM pravacana zravaNa kA lAbha le rahe haiN| pUrNA jaMkzana : zramaNasaMghIya munizrI harSavardhana jI ma0sA0 kA isa varSa kA cAturmAsa yahA~ ho rahA hai| ApazrI ke sAnnidhya meM yahA~ prArthanA, pravacana, praznamaMca, AcArya Ananda RSi jI ma0sA0 kI 102vIM jayantI, bhaktigIta Adi vibhinna dhArmika Ayojana sampanna ho rahe haiM jinameM bar3I saMkhyA meM sthAnIya evaM Asa-pAsa ke kSetroM zraddhAlujana upasthita hokara usase lAbhAnvita ho rahe hai| di0 18 agasta ko yahA~ ApazrI ke sAnnidhya meM zramaNasaMgha ke caturthapaTTadhara AcAryasamrATa DaoN0 zivamuni jI ma0sA0 kA 59vAM janma divasa japa-tapa Adi vibhinna dhArmika anuSThAnoM dvArA dhUmadhAma se harSollAsapUrvaka manAyA gyaa| ahamadAbAda : digambara jaina samAja, ahamadAbAda ke vizeSa Agraha para pravacanakezarI zrI sUryasAgara jI ma0 evaM zrI saralasAgara jI kA varSa 2001 kA maMgala cAturmAsa gujarAta prAnta kI sabase bar3I audyogika nagarI ahamadAbAda meM ho rahA hai| sthAnIya zrIsaMgha dvArA isa avasara para yahA~ vibhinna dhArmika Ayojana kiye gaye haiN| cAturmAsa ghoSita AcArya sudarzanalAla jI ma0sA0 ke uttarAdhikArI, saMghanAyaka zrI padmacandra jI ma0sA0 aura unake AjJAnuvartI 27 anya munirAjoM ke sunAma (paMjAba), mujaphpharanagara (uttara pradeza), rudrapura (uttarAMcala), dillI, jInda (hariyANA), gharauNDA (hariyANA), hisAra (hariyANA) aura ropar3a ( paMjAba ) - kula 8 sthAnoM para cAturmAsa nizcita hue haiN|

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197 zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jainasabhA, jammU ke padAdhikAriyoM kA cunAva sampanna jammU : jUna mAha ke tRtIya saptAha meM zrI zvetAmbara sthAnakavAsI jainasabhA, jammU ke sadasyoM kI eka sAdhAraNa baiThaka meM sabhA ke padAdhikAriyoM kA cunAva kiyA gayA jisameM zrI camanalAla jaina, adhyakSa; vimalakumAra jaina, upAdhyakSa; zrI azokakumAra jaina, mahAmantrI; zrI jJAtanandana jaina, mantrI; zrI rAjakumAra jaina, sTora iMcArja evaM ravIndra jaina, koSAdhyakSa ke rUpa meM sarvasammati se cune gye| varSAyoga sthApanA samAroha sampanna sonIpata 4-6 julAI : zrI digambara jaina mandira, sonIpata maNDI meM AcArya zrIdharmasAgara jI mahArAja ke ziSya zrI amitasAgara jI mahArAja kA sasaMgha varSAyoga (cAturmAsa) sthApanA samAroha 4 julAI budhavAra ko harSollAsapUrvaka sampanna huaa| isa pAvana avasara para 5 aura 6 julAI ko gurupUjana evaM pravacana ke viziSTa kAryakrama bhI Ayojita kiye gye| sabhI kAryakramoM meM zraddhAlubhaktoM ne utsAhapUrvaka bhAga liyaa| DaoN0 nemicanda jaina mahAvIra puraskAra se sammAnita cennaI : bhagavAn mahAvIra phAuNDezana, cennaI dvArA varSa 2001 kA pratiSThita mahAvIra puraskAra ahiMsA evaM zAkAhAra ke purodhA DaoN0 nemicanda jaina', indaura ko pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kI gayI hai| sau se adhika pustakoM, hajAroM lekhoM evaM aneka preraNAdAyaka kavitAoM ke racanAkAra DaoN0 jaina kA sampUrNa jIvana ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra ke pracAra-prasAra meM samarpita hai| deza ke isa pratiSThita puraskAra meM hara vijetA ko 5 lAkha rupaye nakada, eka smRti cihna evaM prazastipatra dvArA sammAnita kiyA jAtA hai| puraskAra samarpaNa samAroha zIghra hI dillI meM Ayojita kiyA jaaygaa| ___ DaoN0 ravIndra kumAra jaina puraskRta zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI kI ora se apane saMsthApaka pUjya zrI gaNezaprasAda varNI kI smRti meM pratyeka varSa diyA jAne vAlA zrIgaNezaprasAda varNI smRti puraskAra isa varSa hindI bhASA aura sAhitya ke sevAnivRtta pro0 DaoN0 ravIndra kumAra jI jaina ko unake dvArA kI gayI hindI aura jaina sAhitya kI sevA ke upalakSya meM pradAna kiyA gayA hai| jJAtavya hai ki DaoN0 jaina ne hindI sAhitya ke atirikta kavivara banArasI *. DaoN0 nemicanda jI kA pichale 8 agasata ko brenahaimareja se indaura meM nidhana ho gayA. -

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198 dAsa, mahAmantra NamokAra, mahAmantra praznottarI, tamilanADu ke prAcIna jaina sthala, bhaktAmarastotra Adi vibhinna kRtiyA~ sRjita kI haiN| upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara zrutasaMvarddhana puraskAra-2000 ghoSita zrutasaMvarddhana saMsthAna, meraTha dvArA pravartita upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara zrutasaMvarddhana puraskAra-2000 bhAratIya jJAnapITha, nayI dillI ko pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kI gyii| jJAtavya hai ki isa puraskAra ke rUpa meM eka lAkha rupayA nakada, zAla, zrIphala evaM prazastipatra pradAna kiyA jAtA hai| varNI smRti sAhitya puraskAra hetu pustakeM Amantrita zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, bhadainI, vArANasI kI ora se apane saMsthApaka pUjya gaNezaprasAda varNI kI smRti meM varSa 2001 ke zrIgaNezaprasAda varNI smRti sAhitya puraskAra ke liye jainadharma, darzana, siddhAnta, sAhitya, samAja, saMskRti, bhASA evaM itihAsaviSayaka maulika, sRjanAtmaka, cintana, anusandhAnAtmaka-zAstrIya paramparA yukta kRti para puraskArArtha 4 pratiyA~ disambara 2001 taka Amantrita haiN| isa puraskAra meM 5001/- rupayA tathA prazastipatra diyA jaayegaa| 1998 ke bAda kI prakAzita pustakeM bhI isameM sammilita kI jA sakatI haiN| niyamAvalI nimna pate para upalabdha hai-- (DaoN0 phUlacanda jaina 'premI') saMyojaka, zrIvarNI smRti sAhitya puraskAra samiti, zrI syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, bhadainI, vaaraannsii| samagra jaina cAturmAsa sUcI 2001 prakAzita vigata varSoM kI bhA~ti isa varSa bhI samagra jaina cAturmAsa sUcI 2001 kA prakAzana huaa| isa sUcI kA vimocana pichale dinoM mumbaI meM kendrIya jahAjarAnI mantrI zrI vedaprakAza goyala dvArA sampanna huaa| 550 pRSThoM kI isa sUcI meM zvetAmbara, mUrtipUjaka, sthAnakavAsI evaM terApaMthI samudAya tathA digambara sampradAya ke sAdhu-sAdhviyoM kI alaga-alaga saMkhyA evaM unake cAturmAsa sthaloM kA vivaraNa diyA gayA hai| isa sUcI kI upayogitA nirvivAda hai| jaina samAja ke sabhI sAdhu-santoM ke cAturmAsa sthaloM ko unake pate ke sAtha prakAzita kara pAnA isa sUcI ke sampAdaka zrI bAbUlAla jaina 'ujjvala' jaise karmaTha vyakti dvArA hI sambhava hai| mahAvIra vANI kI prasAraNa I TI sI cainala para bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600veM janma kalyANaka ke avasara para vizva ahiMsA mizana

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199 kI ora se zrI manohara muni jI mahArAja ke pravacanoM, jo unake varSa 2001 ke ambAlA cAturmAsa meM diye jA rahe haiM. ko 'mahAvIra vANI' kAryakrama ke rUpa meM upagraha cainala I TI sI dvArA ravivAra ko chor3akara pratidina prAta: 7 se 7.30 taka prasArita kiyA jA rahA hai| apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI (jaina vidyA saMsthAna, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIra jI) praveza-sUcanA digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIra jI dvArA saMcAlita apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI dvArA 'patrAcAra apabhraMza sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama' kA 10vAM satra 1 janavarI 2002 se prArambha hone jA rahA hai| isameM prAkRta, saMskRta, hindI evaM anya bhASAoM ke prAdhyApaka, zodha-chAtra tathA saMsthAoM meM kAryarata vidvAn sammilita ho skeNge| niyamAvalI evaM Avedana-patra 30 sitambara 2001 taka akAdamI kAryAlayadigambara jaina nasiyAM bhaTTAraka jI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-4 se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| patrAcAra jainadharma-darzana evaM saMskRti sarTiphikeTa pAThyakrama 2002 meM praveza digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIra jI dvArA saMcAlita evaM jaina vidyA saMsthAna, jayapura dvArA nirdhArita ukta pAThyakrama kA 1 janavarI 2002 se satra prArambha hone jA rahA hai| yaha pAThyakrama bhArata sthita una sabhI adhyayanArthiyoM ke liye hogA jinhoMne kisI bhI vizvavidyAlaya se snAtaka parIkSA uttIrNa kI ho| niyamAvalI evaM Avedanapatra 31 akTUbara 2001 taka akAdamI kAryAlaya-digambara jaina nasiyAM bhaTTAraka jI, savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura-4 se prApta kreN| jaina itihAsa aba iNTaraneTa para jainadharma aura jaina samAja kA gauravazAlI itihAsa aba iNTaraneTa ke jariye duniyA ke sAmane A cukA hai http://jainhistory.faithweb.com isa vebasAiTa para jaina itihAsa ke bAre meM Dhera sArI adhikRta sAmagrI dI gayI hai, isameM caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM ke aitihAsika caritra, pichale 2600 varSoM meM hue aneka yugapravartaka jaina AcAryoM kA caritra va kArya, vibhinna jaina samrAToM aura rAjavaMzoM kA vivaraNa, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, Adhunika kAla ke mahAn jaina sAdhuoM aura zrAvakoM kA pArecaya Adi zAmila hai|

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200 isa vebasAiTa para eka carcA maNDala bhI hai jahAM jaina itihAsa se sambandhita viSayoM para carcAe~ hotI rahatI haiN| hAla hI meM jina viSayoM para carcAe~ huIM unake viSaya the 'kyA mAravAr3I mUlata: tamila jaina haiM?', 'kyA bhAratendu harizcandra jainI the ?', 'hindU dharma bhAratIya yA videzI ?', 'tamila saMskRti ke vikAsa meM jainadharma kA yogadAna' aadi| kaI antarrASTrIya jaina vidvAn isa carcA maNDala ke sadasya haiN| isa vebasAiTa kI eka aura vizeSatA yaha hai ki yahAM duniyAbhara ke jaina itihAsavid, jaina zodha saMsthAna, jaina zodha patrikAeM Adi kI eka nirdezikA upalabdha hai| isa vebasAiTa ke nirmANa meM kolorADo vizvavidyAlaya ke yazavanta malaiyA aura brAhmI sosAyaTI kanADA ke esa0e0 bhuvanendra kumAra jI ne ahama bhUmikA nibhAyI hai / jaina itihAsavid apane zodhanibandha / racanAeM isa vebasAiTa para prakAzita kara sakate haiN| nibandha / racanAeM aMgrejI meM hone cAhie aura kevala imela dvArA hI jainhistory@hotmail.com isa pate para bhejane caahie| jalda hI isa vebasAiTa para jaina itihAsa se sambandhita pustakoM kI samIkSA prakAzita kI jaaegii| isake liye pustakeM, patrikAeM Amantrita haiN| jaina itihAsavidoM se nivedana hai ki ve apanA paricaya isa vebasAiTa para prakAzita karane hetu bhejeN| patra-vyavahAra hetu patA - mahAvIra sAMgalIkara sampAdaka, jaina hisTrI vebasAiTa 201, mumbaI puNe mArga, ciMcavaDa pUrva, puNe- 411019 email : jainhistory@hotmail.com bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2600 vIM jayantI ke pAvana avasara para mathurA ke jaina stUpa ke punaH nirmANa kA prastAva sthiti - kaMkAlI TIlA govardhana mArga ke kone meM mathurA ke dakSiNa-pazcimI kinAre para hai| yaha sAta TIloM kA samUha hai| yahA~ kaMkAlI devI kA eka choTA-sA mandira hai, jo vizeSa prAcIna nahIM hai, isake kAraNa yaha kaMkAlI TIlA kahalAne lgaa| ina TIloM se caurAsI mandira taka TIloM kI lambI zRGkhalA calI gayI hai| yahA~ kI khudAiyoM kA vivaraNa- mathurA meM kaMkAlI TIle ke utkhanana se hArDija, kaniMghama, grAvaje aura phyUrara dvArA yatra-tatra khudAiyoM evaM khojoM meM atyadhika vizAla saMkhyA meM mUrtiyA~, AyAgapaTTa, stambha, stambhazIrSa, chatra, vedikA - stambha, sUciyA~, uSNISa, toraNakhaNDa, toraNazIrSa evaM anya vAstuzilpIya kalAkRtiyAM nikliiN| phyUrara ko apane khoja kArya meM 47 phITa vyAsa kA IToM kA eka stUpa, do

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201 mandiroM ke avazeSa evaM 737 kalAkRtiyA~ milii| phyUrara bhavanoM ke vistRta mAnacitra aura chAyAcitroM ke vivaraNa kA ucita sUcIkaraNa kara sakane meM asamartha rhaa| una purAvazeSoM kA pUrvApara sambandha kyA thA aura ve kina-kina bhavanoM ke the, isakA bhI unhoMne koI vivaraNa nahIM rkhaa| ye sampUrNa sAmagrI mathurA, lakhanaU, kalakattA, landana Adi ke saMgrahAlayoM meM surakSita hai| yahA~ se upalabdha jaina abhilekhoM kI saMkhyA 110 hai| zilAlekhoM evaM mUrtilekhoM se kAla-nirNaya- purAtattvavid viseNTa smitha kA kahanA hai ki yaha stupa nizcita rUpa se bhArata meM prApta stUpoM meM sarvAdhika prAcIna hai| yahA~ ke eka zilAlekha se spaSTa hotA hai ki IsA-pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke madhya meM eka jaina mandira (prAsAda) meM uttara dAsana nAmaka zrAvaka dvArA eka prAsAda-toraNa samarpita kiyA gyaa| yahA~ se prApta eka AyAgapaTTa para vihAra zabda bhI aMkita hai jisase spaSTa hai ki muniyoM ke rahane hetu vihAra bhI yahA~ bane the| IsavI san 157 ke eka mUrtilekha meM yahA~ para deva nirmita vodva stUpa para arhat munisuvrata kI pratimA pratiSThita karane kA ullekha hai| deva nirmita vova stUpa se yaha artha nikalatA hai ki stUpa itanA purAnA thA ki loga usake nirmANa kA samaya bhUla cuke the| sAhityika pramANa- vividhatIrthakalpa-racanAkAla 14vIM zatAbdI meM likhA hai ki supArzvanAtha svAmI ke tIrtha meM dharmaruci aura dharmaghoSa nAmaka do muniyoM kI tapasyA ke prabhAva se prabhAvita ho usa vana kI adhiSThAtrI devI kuberA ne sone tathA ratnoM se maNDita, toraNa mAlAoM se alaMkRta, zikhara para tIna chatroM se suzobhita eka stUpa kA nirmANa kiyaa| usakI cAroM dizAoM meM paMcavarNa ratnoM kI mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna thiiN| usameM mUla pratimA supArzvanAtha svAmI kI thii| pArzvanAtha ke kAla meM mathurA ke rAjA ne stUpa ko lUTanA cAhA, parantu devatAoM ne aisA nahIM hone diyaa| taduparAnta bhagavAn pArzvanAtha kA yahA~ Agamana huaa| unake vihAra ke pazcAt devoM ne isa stUpa ko surakSArtha IToM se DhaMka diyA aura mukhya stUpa ke bAhara eka pASANa mandira bnvaayaa| inhIM AcArya ke vivaraNAnusAra nauvIM zatAbdI IsavI meM bappabhaTTisUri ne isa stUpa kA jIrNoddhAra karAyA, kUpa koTa banavAyA, aura jo ITeM khisaka rahI thIM, unako haTAkara stUpa ko patthara se veSThita kraayaa| __ kavi rAjamalla ne jambUsvAmIcaritra meM likhA hai ki unake saMgha ne isa siddhakSetra kI vandanA kI va IsavI san 1573 meM unhoMne do pramukha stUpa- jambUsvAmI kA stUpa, vidyuccara muni kA stUpa-milAkara kula 501 stUpa eka sthAna para va 13 stUpa eka sthAna para, kA punaruddhAra kraayaa| gArgIsaMhitA se jJAta hotA hai ki IsA pUrva dvitIya zatAbdI ke Arambha meM hI puSyamitra zuMga (lagabhaga 187 se 151 IsA pUrva) se pahile mathurA ko yavana-AkramaNa kA sAmanA karanA par3A thaa| isa prakAra purAtattva evaM sAhitya ke pramANoM ko jor3ane se spaSTa hai ki IsA pUrva

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202 dvitIya zatAbdI meM vahA~ eka stUpa evaM do mandira maujUda the| stUpa avazya hI mandira se pUrva meM banA hogA jaisAki jinaprabhasUri kahate haiM ki stUpa supArzvanAtha ke samaya va mandira pArzvanAtha ke kAla meM bnaa| bauddhoM ne mUrti pUjA kuSANa kAla meM prArambha kI jabaki stUpa Adi cihnoM kI pUjA kaI zatAbdI pUrva se hotI rhii| avazya hI stUpa mandiroM se pUrvavartI hogaa| prophesara Ara0sI0 zarmA kA kahanA hai ki yaha sthala supArzvanAtha se sambandhita rahA hai| prophesara zarmA bhI isakA nirmANa kAla AThavIM zatAbdI IsavI pUrva mAnate haiN| stUpa sambhava hai supArzvanAtha ke samaya meM banA ho, jaisA ki jinaprabhasUri ne 14vIM zatAbdI meM batalAyA hai| dUsarI rAya hai ki yaha stUpa pArzvanAtha ke tIrtha meM banA hogA jaisAki suprasiddha vidvAn yU0pI0 zAha ne AzA prakaTa kI hai| isa AdhAra para isakA nirmANa kAla AThavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva baiThatA hai| gArgIsaMhitA meM likhe dvitIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva ke yavana AkramaNakAriyoM ne isa purAne stUpa ko dhvasta kiyA hogaa| isa kAraNa pUrva kA koI bhI zilAlekha athavA mUrti avazeSa nahIM rhaa| isa AkramaNa ke pazcAt jo punaH nirmANa huA vaha saba 11vIM zatAbdI meM mahamUda gajanavI ke AkramaNa ke samaya IsavI san 1017 meM dhvasta huaa| isa kAraNa 19vIM zatAbdI ke utkhanana meM dvitIya zatAbdI IsA pUrva se gyArahavIM zatAbdI IsA taka kI sAmagrI vahA~ se upalabdha huI hai| mahamUda ke mIra muMzI alautvI kI kRti 'tArIkha-e-yAminI' ke anusAra isa zahara meM sulatAna ne nihAyata umdA DhaMga kI banI huI eka imArata dekhI, jise sthAnIya logoM ne manuSyoM kI racanA na batAkara devatAoM kI kRti btaayaa| yaha racanA avazya hI yahI stUpa rahA hogaa| isake bAda sikandara lodI (san 1488 se 1516 taka), auraMgajeba aura ahamadazAha abdAlI ne isa zahara ke mandiroM ko luuttaa| isa prakAra jinaprabhasUri ne mahamUda gajanavI dvArA vidhvaMsa ke bAda evaM kavi rAjamalla ne puna: sikandara lodI ke vidhvaMsa ke bAda hI ina stUpoM evaM mandiroM ko dekhaa| mahamUda gajanavI ke bAda kaMkAlI TIle para koI vizeSa marammata yA kalAtmaka kArya nahIM huaa| kavi rAjamalla ke marammata kArya ko bhI auraMgajeba va ahamadazAha abdAlI ne dhvasta kiyA hogaa| Age sambhAvanAe~ (1) isa stUpa kA punaH nirmANa hone se, AThavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva kA aitihAsika sAkSya darzanArtha upalabdha hogA, jo eka advitIya upalabdhi hogii| jaina sAhitya meM stUpoM kA varNana pracura mAtrA meM hai, parantu isa stUpa ke avazeSoM ko chor3akara

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203 koI bhI anya jaina stUpa bhArata meM Aja taka nahIM pAyA gayA hai| isa kAraNa isa kArya kA mahattva dviguNita hogaa| isa sthAna se vipula sAmagrI prApta haI hai jisakA samucita adhyayana isa prakAra ke punaH nirmANa se hI ho sakegA anyathA nhiiN| (2) isa TIle se nikalI purA-sampadA adhikatara lakhanaU saMgrahAlaya meM tathA zeSa sAmagrI mathurA, kalakattA va landana ke saMgrahAlayoM meM hai| kisI bhI adhyayana ke liye yaha upayukta hogA ki lakhanaU, mathurA evaM kalakattA saMgrahAlayoM kI purA-sampadA ko eka sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM saMgRhIta kiyA jaave| isa sAmagrI meM adhikatara sAmagrI apradarzita hai| eka anumAna se kevala 2 yA 3 pratizata sAmagrI hI pradarzita hai| prathama caraNa meM sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM kama se kama yaha apradarzita sAmagrI lAyI jAve evaM usakA sahI mUlyAMkana evaM pradarzana kiyA jaave| pradarzita sAmagrI ko dene meM kucha AnAkAnI saMgrahAlaya ke prabandhakoM kI ora se ho sakatI hai, parantu vaha sAmagrI jo pichale 50 varSoM se pradarzita nahIM kI gayI use sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya meM le jAne se to ina saMgrahAlayoM ko koI Apatti nahIM honI caahie| isa prakAra ke sthAnIya saMgrahAlaya pahale hI sAranAtha, nAlandA, vaizAlI Adi purAtattva kI sAiTa para haiN| (3) isa stUpa jitanA purAnA anya koI sthApatya isa deza meM nahIM hai| isa kAraNa bhI isakA adhyayana Aja kI vaijJAnika paddhati se Avazyaka hai| isa stUpa kA varacuala rikansTrakzana kampyUTara dvArA kiyA jA sakatA hai evaM yahA~ se prApta IToM kA thamolyuminaseMsa TesTa dvArA isake kAla kA sahI nirNaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| (4) yahA~ se nikalI sAmagrI kA eka bRhat evaM Adhunika kaiTalAga (sUcIpatra) chApA jAnA Avazyaka hai| pUrva meM jo sUcanA prakAzita hai yaha 50 varSoM se adhika purAnI hai| kAryoM kA mAdhyama (1) uparokta pahalA, dUsarA va cauthA kArya zAsana ke mAdhyama se hI honA sambhava hai| uparokta tIsarA kArya bhI uparokta zeSa donoM kAryoM ke sAtha-sAtha kiyA jAnA caahie| (2) jaina saMsthA,jo sabhI jainiyoM kI banI hai, vaha uparokta kAryoM ko karAne hetu zAsana para dabAva bnaaye| isa kArya ke liye yahI sahI samaya hai| zAsana ne pahale hI 100 karor3a rupayA jainadharma ke kAryoM hetu ghoSita kiyA hai isameM se lagabhaga eka karor3a rupayA isa kArya hetu lagAnA Avazyaka hai|

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204 (3) digambara evaM zvetAmbara sabhI jaina saMsthAe~ isa sthAna ke barAbara meM hI kucha bhUmi lekara apanI-apanI saMsthA banAveM to upayukta hai| yaha prAmANika rUpa se pichale lagabhaga tIna hajAra varSoM se jaina tIrtha rahA hai| yaha kSetra avazya siddha kSetra rahA hogaa| yahA~ se jo sandeza Apa deMge vaha jana-jana taka phuNcegaa| (4) isa jagaha kA nAmakaraNa 'voddhava stUpa' va TIle kA nAma 'voddhava stUpa kA TIlA' honA caahie| yaha nAma vahA~ se prApta 157 IsavI ke eka zilAlekha meM aMkita hai| kaMkAlI devI kA mandira jisake nAma para isa sthAna ko kaMkAlI TIlA kahA jAtA hai, jo bahuta bAda kA hai| agara zAsana kucha na kare to bhI hama barAbara meM bhUmi lekara Age sambhAvanAoM ke tIsare bindu para yojanAbaddha tarIke se kArya Arambha kara sakate haiM tAki bhaviSya meM zAsana para yahA~ punaH stUpa nirmANa kA dabAva banAyA jA ske| satyendra mohana jaina* pUrva abhiyantA evaM niyAmaka, kalA vIthikA, pArzvanAtha vidyApITha | *. zrI satyendra mohana jaina purAtattvapremI evaM avakAzaprApta abhiyantA haiN| apane sevAkAla meM unhoMne pradeza ke vibhinna bhAgoM se bar3I saMkhyA meM jainakalAkRtiyoM, unake avazeSoM, pratimAoM Adi kA saMkalana kiyA hai| pro0 sAgaramala jI jaina kI preraNA se unhoMne apane saMgraha kA bar3A hissA pArzvanAtha vidyApITha, vArANasI ko dAnasvarUpa bheMTa kara diyA jisake AdhAra para saMsthAna apanA nijI saMgrahAlaya sthApita karane meM samartha ho sakA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI 2600vIM jayantI ke avasara para unhoMne mathurA sthita kaMkAlI TIle ke punarnirmANa kI ora apane ukta vaktavya ke mAdhyama se sarakAra evaM samAja kA dhyAna AkarSita kiyA hai| 2600 veM kalyANaka mahotsava ko paryAvaraNa varSa ke rUpa meM manAne kI apIla jaina sozala grupa, indaura dvArA bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2600 veM janma kalyANaka ko ahiMsA kI vartamAna zabdAvalI paryAvaraNa saMrakSaNa ke antargata paryAvaraNavarSa ke rUpa meM manAne tathA bhagavAn ke paryAvaraNa darzana ko jana-jana taka pahu~cAne kI apIla kI gayI hai|

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pUjya gaNinI zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI ke maMgala pravacana AsthA cainala para pratidina madhyAhna 3.30 baje 'bhagavAn mahAvIra 2600 vA~ janma kalyANaka mahotsava' ke sandarbha meM pUjya gaNapramukha zrI jJAnamatI mAtAjI dvArA 'AsthA cainala' para digambara AmnAya anusAra prathama bAra tIrthaGkara- paramparA kA sacitra kAryakrama evaM maMgala pravacana zrRMkhalA 17 sitambara 2001, somavAra se pratidina madhyAhna 3.30 baje se prasArita hone jA rahI hai| digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna jambUdvIpa, hastinApura dvArA prAyojita jainadharma ke talasparzI jJAna ko ghara baiThe pradAna karane vAle isa kAryakrama ko Apa svayaM bhI dekheM evaM iSTa mitroM ko bhI dikhAveM / noTa- pratyeka ravivAra ko madhyAhna 3.30 baje ke sthAna para prAtaH 6.40 baje pravacana prasArita hoNge| karmayogI bra0 ravIndra kumAra jaina (adhyakSa) digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna jambUdvIpa, hastinApura jilA meraTha (u0pra0) avadhUta Anandadhana kI AdhyAtmika zabda cetanA saMgoSThI kA Ayojana 205 pa0pU0 AcAryazrI vijayasUryodaya sUri evaM AcArya zrIvijayazIlacandrasUri jI ma0sA0 kI pAvana preraNA se unhIM ke sAnnidhya meM zrI jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka tapAgaccha gopIpurA saMgha, surata dvArA avadhUta Anandadhana kI AdhyAtmika zabda cetanA para dinAMka 13-14 akTUbara ko sthAnIya zrI OM kArasUri ArAdhanA bhavana, subhASa cauka, gopIpurA sUrata meM do divasIya saMgoSThI kA bhavya Ayojana kiyA jA rahA hai| isa saMgoSThI meM pro0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha, pro0 ema0e0 DhAMkI, DaoN0 balavanta jAnI, DaoN0 narottama palANa, DaoNo nagIna jI0 zAha, DaoN0 kumArapAla desAI, DaoN0 dalapata paDhiyAra, DaoN0 jItendra bI0 0 zAha, DaoN0 tArAbena zAha, DaoN0 kalAbena zAha, DaoN0 mInaNa bena dave, zrI lAbhazaMkara purohita, DaoN0 kAntibhAI bI0 zAha, DaoN0 bhopAla siMha rAThor3a Adi dvArA ukta viSaya para zodhapatroM kA vAcana hogaa| isI avasara para 'kalikAlasarvajJa AcArya hemacandrasUri navama janma zatAbdI smRti saMskAra zikSaNa nidhi, ahamadAbAda' dvArA 13 akTUbara ko prAtaH 10.30 para bhAratIya darzana ke mUrdhanya vidvAn prAdhyApaka DaoN0 nagIna jI0 zAha ko zrI hemacandrAcArya candraka pradAna kara unheM sammAnita bhI kiyA jAyegA /

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206. haridvAra tIrtha para navIna atithi gRha kA bhavya udghATana haridvAra ! akTUbara mAsa kI 17 tArIkha ko zrI ciMtAmaNi pArzvanAtha jaina zvetAmbara tIrtha para zrI vizvakalyANa Atma jaina phAuNDezana dvArA nirmita navIna atithigRha 'zrImatI sohana kaMvara sAyaracaMda nAhara bhavana' kA udghATana mAnanIya rAjyapAla (uttarAMcala) zrI surajIta siMha baranAlA kI upasthiti meM sampanna hogaa| isa avasara para Ayojita hone vAle samAroha kI adhyakSatA zreSThIvarya zrI dIpacaMda gArDI kreNge| zrI zreNika kastUrabhAI va zrI sAyaracaMda nAhara isa samAroha meM vizeSa atithi hoNge| pUjya gacchAdhipati AcArya vijaya indradina sUrijI ma0sA0 kI nizrA meM Ayojita kiye jAne vAle udghATana evaM janasamarpaNa samAroha meM pUre bhAratavarSa se hajAroM tIrthayAtriyoM evaM dAnadAtAoM kI upasthiti saMbhAvya hai| navIna dharmazAlA kA bhUmidAna va mukhya sahayoga cainnaI nivAsI zrI sAyara caMdajI nAhara parivAra dvArA kiyA gayA hai va isameM karIba 800 yAtrI Thahara skeNge| sUkara kSetra mahotsava kA Ayojana pAMcAla zodha saMsthAna, kAnapura kA 15vAM vArSika sammelana 28-30 akTUbara 2001 ko kAsagaMja (janapada eTA) meM Ayojita kiyA jA rahA hai jisameM deza-videza ke vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM evaM saMsthAoM ke vidvAn bhAga leNge| isa adhivezana meM vibhinna zodhapatra par3he jAyeMge jo sUkara kSetra kI sAMskRtika dharohara ke sAtha-sAtha usa kSetra kI lokasaMskRti, lokakalA, lokanRtya, lokasaMgIta, lokasAhitya evaM saMskRti tathA purAtattva para AdhArita hoNge| isa sammelana meM bhAga lene ke icchuka vidvAn paMcAla zodha saMsthAna ke pradhAna kAryAlaya 52/16, zakkarapaTTI (ghaNTAghara relave sTezana ke pAsa ) se samparka kara sakate haiN| - zoka samAcAra dillI 1 maI : rASTrasanta, uttarabhAratIya pravartaka bhaNDArI zrI padmacandra jI ma0sA0 kA dinAMka 1 maI 2001 ko RSabhavihAra, dillI meM devaloka gamana ho gyaa| vidyApITha parivAra pravartaka zrI jI ke caraNoM meM hArdika zraddhAMjali arpita karatA hai| vArANasI 10 maI : pArzvanAtha vidyApITha kI sthApanA ke samaya se hI isase jur3e hue paricAraka zrI rAmanaina kA dinAMka 10 maI 2001 ko saMkSipta bImArI ke pazcAt nidhana ho gyaa| zrI rAmanaina ne vidyApITha kI apanI lambI sevA avadhi meM karttavyaparAyaNatA, ImAnadArI aura madhura vyavahAra kA jo udAharaNa prastuta kiyA, vaha

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207 sabhI ke liye anukaraNIya hai| vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se sva0 rAmanaina ko hArdika shrddhaanyjli| kalakattA 27 julAI : jaina vizvabhAratI (mAnya vizvavidyAlaya) ke kulAdhipati, vayovRddha zrAvaka zrI zrIcandrajI rAmapuriyA kA 93 varSa kI Ayu meM saMkSipta bImArI ke pazcAt kalakattA meM nidhana ho gyaa| Apa apane pIche putra-pautroM kA bharA parivAra chor3a gaye haiN| vidyApITha parivAra kI ora se sva0 rAmapuriyA jI ko hArdika shrddhaanyjli| indaura 8 agasta : bIsavIM zatAbdI ke mahAn jaina patrakAra, zAkAhAra ke prabala samarthaka, bahumukhI pratibhA ke dhanI pro0 nemicanda jI jaina kA 74 varSa kI Ayu meM indaura meM Akasmika rUpa se nidhana ho gyaa| abhI do mAha pUrva hI ahiMsA aura zAkAhAra ke kSetra meM Apake yogadAna ko dekhate hue bhagavAn mahAvIra phAuNDezana, cetraI dvArA mahAvIra puraskAra pradAna karane kI ghoSaNA kI gayI thii| DaoN0 nemicanda jI ke nidhana se jaina samAja ne eka aise niDara patrakAra, kuzala lekhaka aura ahiMsA ke sajaga praharI ko kho diyA jisakI pUrti honI asambhava-sI dikhAyI detI hai| pArzvanAtha vidyApITha parivAra unheM bhAvabhInI zraddhAJjali arpita karatA hai| - kSamApaNA saMvatsarI mahAparva para vigata kAla meM jAna-anajAna meM huI bhUloM aura galatiyoM ke liye hama mana-vacana-karma se kSamAprArthI haiN| AzA hai, ApazrI udAratApUrvaka kSamA pradAna kara anugRhIta kreNge| nivedaka pArthanAtha vidyApITha parivAra -

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sAhitya satkAra siddhasenazataka, anu0 evaM vivecaka munizrI bhuvanacaMda jI, DimAI, pRSTha saMkhyA 305, prakA0 jaina sAhitya akAdamI, gAMdhIdhAma (kaccha), mUlya 120/ vidvAnamuni zrI bhuvanacaMdajI dvArA saMkalita, anuvAdita evaM vivecita 'siddhasenazataka' eka lambe samaya ke antarAla ke bAda upalabdha siddhasena divAkara kI dvAtriMzatdvAtriMzikA para AdhArita eka maulika racanA hai| munizrI ne AcArya siddhasena kI dvAtriMzat - dvAtriMzikAoM meM se upalabdha kula 21 dvAtriMzikAoM meM se kula 100 zlokoM kA saMkalana kiyA hai| zlokoM kI cayana zailI unakI vidvattA aura anuvAda tathA vivecanA saMskRta bhASA para unake adhikAra ko dyotita karatI hai| prArambha meM Apane 32 dvAtriMzikAoM kA vihaMgAvalokana karAkara pAThakoM ko unakI isa vizeSa racanA se paricita karAyA hai evaM punaH cayanita 100 zlokoM meM munizrI ne jina viSayoM kI carcA kI hai unameM se pramukha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dRSTi, anekAnta kI mahattA, pravRtti aura nivRtti, mokSa aura usakI prApti ke sAdhana, karma aura bandhana kA svarUpa, guru kI mahattA Adi / aise loga jinheM dvAtriMzikAe~ upalabdha nahIM ho pAIM; munizrI ke isa saMkalana se ve siddhasena divAkara kI utkRSTa pratibhA tathA viSaya kI gaharAiyoM taka pahu~cane kI unakI vizeSatA se paricita ho skeNge| vAstava meM 'siddhasenazataka' siddhasenakAlIna dArzanika evaM AdhyAtmika pariveza se to hameM paricita karAtA hI hai, sAtha hI vidvAn muni kI darzana ke gUr3ha rahasyoM ko jAnane kI kSamatA se bhI paricita karAtA hai| munizrI ke isa stutyaprayAsa ke lie hama unheM badhAI dete haiN| DaoN0 zrIprakAza pANDeya hindI sAhitya aura darzana meM AcArya suzIla kumAra kA yogadAna : lekhikAAcArya DaoN0 sAdhvI sAdhanA, prakAzaka- elphA pablikezana, 2640, rozanapurA, naI sar3aka, dillI-6, prathama saMskaraNa- 1999, mUlya- 500/-, pRSTha 645. prastuta grantha, lekhikA AcArya DaoN0 sAdhvI sAdhanA dvArA DI0 liT 0 upAdhi ke liye taiyAra kiyA gayA zodhaprabandha hai| ye viduSI hone ke sAtha leDija TeleNTa bhI haiN| isa racanA meM inhoMne apane guru AcArya suzIlakumAra jI ke dArzanika, dhArmika, sAhityika Adi vividha cintanoM ko vivecita kiyA hai, jo eka sarAhanIya kArya hai| AcArya zIlakamAra jI kA vyaktitva bahuAyAmI thaa| ve eka uccakoTi ke

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209 santa the; kintu unhoMne apane ko sirpha pAralaukikatA se hI nahIM bAMdha rakhA thaa| ve loka ko bhI vyavasthita aura zAntipUrNa dekhanA cAhate the| sambhavataH unakI dRSTi meM laukika suvyavasthA meM hI pAralaukika upalabdhi kA bIja aMkurita hotA hai isalie unhoMne rUr3hivAditA se haTakara, vizva meM anukUla parivartana lAne kA prayAsa kiyA jo sAdhanA jI ke nimnalikhita zabdoM meM spaSTa vyakta hotA hai " AcArya suzIla muni parivartanavAdI, pragativAdI, udAravAdI aura samAjasevI sAdhu the| ve kisI bhI dharma ke bhItara saMgaThana banAkara, baMTavArA kara, guruDama calAkara, karmakANDa yA upAsanA paddhati yA takanIka ko dharma nahIM batAte the, unake dharma kA uddezya mAnava aura vizva samAja kA kalyANa hai, jisake liye rAma, kRSNa, mahAvIra, buddha aura IsA kA prAdurbhAva huA thA / " svayaM eka AcArya hote hue bhI AcArya suzIla muni ne AcAryoM para doSAropaNa kiyA hai ki una logoM ne guru-paramparA ke AdhAra para samAja ko bAMTa rakhA hai jisake kAraNa vibhinna paramparAoM ke bIca to virodha hai hI, eka paramparA ke bhItara bhI ApasI vidveSa dekhA jAtA hai isalie unakA mAnanA thA ki Aja ke yuga meM paramparAvAda kA nahIM balki yathArthavAda kA samarthana honA caahie| AcArya suzIlakumAra jI eka jaina sAdhu the; kintu unakA jainadharma bhUgola kI kisI sImA meM ba~dha jAne vAlA nahIM hai, kyoMki unhoMne ise mAnavatAvAdI mAnA hai aura isa AdhAra para unakA jainadharma vizvavyApI hai| unakA jainadharma mAnavatAvAdI hokara sirpha mAnavoM taka hI nahIM raha jAtA hai balki samasta prANiyoM ke hita kI kAmanA karatA hai, kyoMki unake dharma meM ahiMsAvAda kI pradhAnatA hai| ahiMsAvAda, mAnavatAvAda, udAratAvAda Adi janakalyANakArI siddhAnta to jainadharma meM prArambhakAla se cale A rahe haiM, phira to AcArya suzIlakumAra jI ne aisA kyA kiyA hai jise jaina cintana, bhAratIya saMskRti evaM vizva samAja ko unakA yogadAna samajhA jA sakatA hai ? yaha prazna jitanA hI svAbhAvika hai utanA hI isakA uttara bhI sarala hai, kyoMki AcArya jI ne jo bhI kiyA haiM, ve nizcita rUpa se unakI dena ko pramANita karane vAle haiN| unameM se mukhya bAtoM ko isa prakAra samajha sakate haiM (1) jaina cintana ko vizva stara para lAne kA unakA prayAsa use rUr3hivAditA se mukta karatA hai| eka jaina muni kA videza meM jAkara apane vicAra ko khule zabdoM meM rakhanA apane ApameM eka sAhasapUrNa kAma hai / (2) vizva gA~va yA vizva samAja kI kalpanA karake use eka yathArtha rUpa dene kA prayAsa sampUrNa mAnava jAti ko eka parivAra meM lAne kI bAta hai|

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210 (3) vizvadharma sammelana jaise saMgaThana kI sthApanA meM nirvighna rUpa se saMsAra se dhArmika vidveSa ko miTA dene kI yojanA nihita hai jisakI puSTi siddhAcalam kI sthApanA se bhI hotI hai| vizva kalyANa kI unakI mahatvAkAMkSA ko dekhate hue 8 maI san 1975 I0 ko saMsada sadasyoM ne unakA abhinandana karate hue kahA thA- "Aja ke aneka rASTroM meM baMTe khaNDita vizva ko akhaNDa vizva ke rUpa meM dekhane kI ApakI kalpanA hai| aneka dharma, jAti, veza-bhUSA va bhASA ke Tukar3oM meM baMTe vizva meM ekatA sthApita karane ke liye Apake hRdaya meM tar3apa hai| ApakI yahI kAmanA hai ki Aja ke ANavika yuga meM jaba taka vizva meM sarvadharmasamabhAva, sarvarASTra, sarvajAti, samAna adhikAra jaisI ucca bhAvanAeM sthApita nahIM hotIM, taba taka vizva zAnti kA darzana asambhava hai| rASTra ko Apase samaya-samaya para saphala netRtva milatA rahA hai aura pratyeka sAMskRtika saMkaTa aura vaicArika TakarAva kI sthiti meM Apane racanAtmaka zaktiyoM ko saMjokara use sahI dizA dI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyI ke rUpa meM deza se bAhara jAkara Apane bhAratIya siddhAntoM va AdarzoM kA pracAra kiyA hai| " AcArya suzIlakumAra jI ne Aja kI vikaTa pradUSaNa samasyA ke viSaya meM svayaM hai - " pradUSaNa se vAyu dUSita pAnI dUSita, dharatI dUSita, mAnava kA tana aura na dUSita ho rahA hai| hama kyoM apane ghara ko naraka banAne para tule hue haiM? hameM cetanA hai, uThanA hai, isa barbAdI ko rokanA hai| jIyo aura jIne do ke siddhAnta para prakRti santulana banAnA hai / " meM AcArya DaoN0 sAdhvI sAdhanA ne apane pUjya guru ke mahAn siddhAntoM ko prastuta grantha meM bar3I kuzalatA ke sAtha sajAyA hai| sAtha hI apane vicAroM ko bhI samucita DhaMga se rakhane kA saphala prayAsa kiyA hai| isake liye unheM badhAI hai| kintu merI rAya meM A0 sAdhanA jI ko yahIM pUrNa virAma na lekara, isa grantha ko AcArya suzIlakumAra jI ke cintana kI pRSThabhUmi mAnakara unake darzana kI vibhinna vidhAoM para vistArapUrvaka alaga-alaga granthoM kI racanA karanI cAhie, jisa prakAra sukarAta ke suziSya pleTo ne unake darzana ko vistAra pradAna kiyA hai| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai, chapAI suspaSTa hai| DaoN0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA prameyakamalamArtaNDa parizIlana : lekhaka- pro0 udayacandra jaina, prakAzakaprAcya zramaNa bhAratI, 12 / 1 premapurI, nikaTa jaina mandira mujaphpharanagara (u0pra0)251001, mUlya- pacAsa rupaye, pR0 284.

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211 prameyakamalamArtaNDa jaina darzana tathA jaina nyAya kA ati prAmANika evaM prasiddha grantha hai| yaha AcArya mANikyanandi dvArA viracita parIkSAmukha grantha para kI gayI eka TIkA hai jisameM bAraha hajAra zloka haiN| yadyapi yaha eka TIkA grantha hai, parantu yaha kisI bhI mUla grantha se kisI mAmale meM kama nahIM hai| sacamuca yaha jainanyAya ko usa taraha prakAzita karatA hai jisa taraha sUrya jagat ko / isa grantha ke adhyayana ke binA jainanyAya kA adhyayana kisI bhI taraha pUrA nahIM mAnA jA sakatA; kintu isakA adhyayana AsAna nahIM hai| yaha jainanyAya ko vivecita evaM vizleSita karatA hai; kintu ise spaSTa karake isakA sarala rUpa prastuta karanA pro0 udayacandra jI jaina jaise vidvAn kA hI kArya ho sakatA hai| isa grantha meM pramANa ke lakSaNa, pramANa ke bheda, pratyakSa evaM parokSa pramANoM ke lakSaNa, pramANa ke phala, pramANAbhAsa, naya Adi ke vizad vizleSaNa haiM jinheM pro0 udayacandra jI ne sarala evaM subodha bhASA meM prastuta kiyA hai| aisA karake unhoMne jaina sAhitya saMvardhana meM to yogadAna kiyA hI hai sAtha hI una pAThakoM kA bhI upakAra kiyA hai, jo jainadarzana tathA jaina nyAya meM ruci rakhate haiN| isake liye ve badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka kA bAhya rUpa evaM chapAI sundara hai| DaoN. baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA SaDdarzanasamuccaya : anuvAdaka- munizrI vairAgyarati vijaya jI, prakAzakapravacana prakAzana, 488, ravivAra peTha, pUnA-411002, pR0 91 / zrIharibhadrasUrikRta SaDdarzanasamuccaya AkAra kI dRSTi se to choTA hai lekina mahattva kI dRSTi se bahuta bar3A hai| yaha apane mahattva ke AdhAra para hI pustikA hote hue bhI grantha kI koTi meM AtA hai| isameM jaina dRSTi se SaDdarzanoM ke vivecana milate haiM jisake sambandha meM haribhadra ne svayaM kahA hai pakSapAto na me vIre, na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacanaM yasya tasya kArya parigraha / / " arthAt mere mana meM na to mahAvIra ke prati pakSapAta kA bhAva hai aura na kapila Adi ke prati dveSabhAva, balki jinake bhI vacana yuktisaMgata haiM ve grahaNIya haiN| aise niSpakSabhAva se kiye gaye vivecana kA adhyayana mAtra jaina vidvAnoM ke liye hI nahIM balki bhAratIya darzana kA adhyayana karane vAle kisI bhI vyakti ke liye Avazyaka hai| munizrI vairAgya vijaya jI ne isa grantha kA gujarAtI bhASA meM anuvAda karake, darzana gujarAtI pAThakoM kA kalyANa kiyA hai| unakA yaha kArya prazaMsanIya hai aura ve badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka dekhane meM sundara hai, isakI chapAI sApha hai / DaoN0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA

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212 zrAvaka dharmavidhiprakaraNam sampAdaka- muni caturavijaya, prakAzaka- zrI jhAlAvAr3a jaina zvetAmbara mUrtipUjaka tapAgaccha saMgha TrasTa, surendranagara, gujarAta, mUlya35.00, pR0 110.00 / zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNam meM kula 120 zloka haiM, jinameM zrAvakadharma ke vidhi-vidhAna vivecita haiN| zrI caturavijaya muni jI ne TIkA sahita isakA sampAdana kiyA hai / isa pustaka kI saMskRta meM TIkA karake unhoMne saMskRta bhASioM ke liye upayogI kArya kiyA hai| isase saMskRta sAhitya sampanna hotA hai| ataH ve badhAI ke pAtra hai; kintu sAmAnya logoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue yadi zrAvakadharmavidhiprakaraNam kI TIkA hindI yA gujarAtI meM hotI to usase sAdhAraNa pAThaka bhI lAbhAnvita hote| ho sakatA hai munijI Age isa para vicAra kreN| pustaka kI bAhya rUparekhA AkarSaka aura chapAI bhI spaSTa hai| DaoN0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA sArasvatI suSamA : sampAdaka- DaoN0 harizcandramaNi tripAThI, prakAzakasampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya, vArANasI, pR0 119-358, vi0saM0 2054, mUlya (vArSika) 100.00 / sArasvatI suSamA sampUrNAnanda saMskRta vizvavidyAlaya kI anusandhAna patrikA hai, jo apane saphala 52veM varSa meM gatimAna hai| yaha eka traimAsika patrikA hai| isameM "nirvizeSabrahmavAda, pAraskaragRhyasUtroktAzaucanirUpaNam na dhAtulopa ArdhadhAtuke, karmasiddhAntavivecanam, advaite prapaJcopAdAnatvavimarzaH, mahAkavibhavabhUtinAthyasAhitye jIvanamUlyadarzanam, bhANazcaturbhANI ca evaM AnandasvarUpavimarza ye ATha racanAeM haiM, jo sAragarbhita evaM mahattvapUrNa haiN| saMskRta bhASA-bhASI logoM kI dRSTi se yaha eka mahattvapUrNa patrikA hai| yaha eka lambe samaya se saMskRta-sAhitya ke saMvardhana meM yogadAna karatI A rahI hai| Age bhI yaha saphalatApUrvaka calatI rahe, isake liye maMgala kAmanA hai| isake lie sampAdaka evaM sampAdaka maNDala ke vidvAn badhAI ke pAtra haiN| DaoN0 baziSThanArAyaNa sinhA Best Jain Stories by Upadhyaya Shri Pushkar Muniji, Edited by Acharya Shri Devendra Muni, Publisher- Shri Tarak Guru Jain Granthalaya, Shastri Circle, Guru Pushkar Marg, Udaipur- 313001, First Edition, 1997, Pages- 244, Price - 100.00. Story is treated as an easy way of conveying difficult ideas and deep thinkings in simple and interesting forms to the common people.

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213 Lord Mahavira the great propounder of philosophical and religious theories of Jainism, has also simplified the presentation of his thoughts through interesting stories. Best stories found in the Jaina literature are in Prakrit the original language of Jainism. Prakrit is now no more a language of simple villages and ordinary persons. It is known mostly to the oriental scholars. The persons who do not know Prakrit, remain devoid of enjoying pleasant and pious preaching of Lord Mahavira. So as a good result of Upadhyaya Pushkar Muni's contineous effect nearly 30 yrs. back Jaina Agamaic stories were published under the name of "Jaina Kathayen" in order to benefit the Hindi knowing people. Now the English edition of Jaina stories "Best Jain Stories" is before us. This book consists of four stories -- (i) Golden Lotus at Every Step (Dharma : Epitom of Devotion) (ii) Women : Better than Men (Sati Sursundari) (iii) The main stay of courage in the vessel of sorrows : Ratanpal and Ratanavati) (iv) The Best among the Sati : Anjana. In the first story 'Victory of good over evil" has been shown. Dhanna has been presented here as a man of character. He always excuses his brothers and behaves with them quete lovingly though they misbehave with him again and again. As a result of his sincere and sympathetic attitude towards his brothers and good deeds Dhanna, in his next life attains pleasures at every step. So the story teaches that a man should always march on right path without noticing other's misdeeds. In the second, third and fourth stories, respectively through the loves of Sati Surasundari, Ratanavati and Anjana woman character has been highlighted. Due to their sacrifice, discipline, submission, tolerance and altruism women can be considered in no way, inferior to men. These stories contain too much ethical and social values. Particularly, the last three stories may be helpful to remove the male female social difference coming from the ancient age in Indian society. Shri Surendra Bothare, the english translator of this book deserves many congratulations Fors

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214 for this painstaking work. The out look of this book is nice and printing is clear. Dr. Bashistha Narayan Sinha satyakAma : racanAkAra-DaoN0 maMgalA prasAda, prakAzaka-kallola prakAzana, nAsirapura, susuvA~hI, vArANasI-221005, pRSTha 73, mUlya 150. satyakAma nAmaka isa mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa usake nAyaka ke nAma para AdhArita hai| use satya ke prati utkaTa jijJAsA hai jo usake nAma se hI jJAta hotA hai| satya kI khoja darzana kA viSaya hai| ata: yaha racanA darzana-pradhAna hai| isameM satyakAma ko vibhinna srotoM se brahma ke saguNa evaM nirguNa donoM hI rUpoM ko samajhAne kA prayAsa huA hai| saguNa brahma kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai hai brahma catuSpada maiM eka caraNa btlaauuN| ye cAra dizAe~ sundara haiM parabrahma kI kRtiyaaN| inakI chAyA meM palatI rahatI kitanI sNskRtiyaaN| brahmadUta kA dUsarA caraNa dharatI, AkAza, dhuloka, samudra Adi haiN| tIsarA caraNa jyotiSmAna hai, jo zuddha cetanA ke rUpa meM tIna kAloM meM nirvizeSa rahatA hai| cauthA caraNa AyatavAna usakA munIndra karate haiM dhyAna jisakA mana, prANa, zravaNendriya netravAlI kalA caturdhA pratimAna uskaa||9|| na brahma kI upamA ye kalAe~ usI akala kI ye sarjanA hai||10|| anAdi madhyAntarabhAva varjina ananta ziva-gAthA gA skoge?||11|| isa prakAra kavi ne sagaNa brahma ko vyAkhyAyita karate hue nirguNa brahma kI ora saMketa kiyA hai| sAtha hI brahmAnubhUti ke lie brahmaniSThA ko sarvottama batAyA hai| kavi kI dArzanika dRSTi tathA kAvyagata sarasatA kA Ananda dArzanika tathA sAhityika donoM hI leMge, isameM sandeha nhiiN| DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA kallolinI : racanAkAra-maMgalA prasAda, prakAzaka-kallola prakAzana, nAsirapura, susuvA~hI, vArANasI-221005, pRSTha 155, mUlya 200.00 /

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215 kallolinI kA kavi prakRti ke sahaja aura sarasa kallola se prerita evaM prabhAvita hai| isameM prakRti ke vividha manohArI saundaryoM ko zabdoM meM bA~dhane kA sarAhanIya prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| ataeva yaha racanA prakRti-pradhAna hai| kabhI-kabhI kavi prakRti kI mohakatA ke vazIbhUta ho saMsAra kI yathArthatA se vimukha huA sA najara AtA hai jisakA saMketa ina paMktiyoM se milatA hai terA jaga Anandaloka hai, jahA~ na koI roga-zoka hai| bAhara nirmalatA virAjatI bhItara vibhaavrii| tuma-sA bananA cAha rahA mana, do isako he suhada madhura vana chUTe jagatI kA pAgalapana yoM kara sajanI rii| lagatA hai kavi para prakRtivAda hI nahIM balki chAyAvAda kA bhI prabhAva hai| kintu jaba samAja kI kaTu yathArthatA jisase vaha bhayabhIta hai, apane ko kavi ke samakSa prastuta karatI huI use yAda dilAtI hai ki maiM terA kartavya hU~ aura prakRti-prema terI mnokaamnaa| taba vaha bola uThatA hai aba na koI rahe bhikSuka,dainya dAtA daan| isa taraha isa racanA meM kavi kA sahaja hRdaya prakRti aura samAja ke bIca dolAyamAna hai| kavi DaoN0 maMgalA prasAda jI isa sukRti ke lie badhAI ke pAtra haiN| pustaka kI bAhyAkRti AkarSaka aura mudraNa spaSTa hai| DaoN0 baziSTha nArAyaNa sinhA zrI zAntilAla vanamAlI zeSTha-zraddhAJjali smArikA : prakAzaka- zrI zAntilAla vanamAlI zeTha phAuNDezana, 9e, mena roDa, blAka 3, jayanagara, beMgalora 560011; AkAra- rAyala; pR0 1268; mUlya- svaadhyaay|| prAkRta, saMskRta, pAli, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI, gujarAtI Adi bhASAoM ke gahana adhyetA, suprasiddha samAjasevI evaM udyogapati sva0 zAntilAla vanamAlI zeTha kI puNyasmRti meM unake parivAra kI ora se isa smArikA kA prakAzana kiyA gayA hai| isameM sva0 zAntibhAI kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya tathA vibhinna samAjaseviyoM aura vidvAnoM dvArA unake nidhana para bheje gaye saMsmaraNa diye gaye haiN| vibhitra avasaroM para deza-videza kI pramukha hastiyoM ke sAtha zAntibhAI ke liye gaye vibhinna citra ise aura bhI AkarSaka banA dete haiN| smArikA ke prArambha meM hI sanmati svAdhyAya pITha ke bhavana ke navanirmANa hetu bhUmipUjana ke avasara para zAntibhAI kA zubha sandeza bhI unhIM kI hastalipi meM prakAzita kiyA hai jise unhoMne apane nidhana se mAtra ATha dina pUrva hI likhA thaa|

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216 pAThakagaNa isase niHsandeha lAbhAnvita hoNge| smArikA ke mukha pRSTha para hI zAntibhAI kA bhavya citra bhI prakAzita hai| sarvazreSTha kAgaja para mudrita isa smArikA ko atyanta nayanAbhirAma rUpa meM prastuta kara sva0 zAntibhAI ke putroM ne unheM saccI zraddhAJjali prastuta kI hai| isakA mUlya svAdhyAya hI rakhA gayA hai jisase adhikAdhika loga isase lAbhAnvita ho skeN| dhUrtAkhyAna : anuvAdaka-sampAdaka : DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva; prakAzaka- sAhitya vIthI prakAzana, gAjiyAbAda, uttara pradeza, prathama saMskaraNa 1995 I0; AkAra - DimAI; pRSTha 264; mUlya 50/- rupye| jaina sAhityakAroM meM AcArya haribhadrasUri kA atyanta mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| unake dvArA racita vibhinna kRtiyoM meM se eka- dhUrtAkhyAna prasiddha vyaMgakAvya hai| yaha 5 AkhyAnoM meM vibhAjita hai| isameM vibhinna vyaMga kathAoM ke mAdhyama se vibhinna vaidika - paurANika kathAoM/mAnyatAoM kA upahAsa kiyA gayA hai| isake prathama AkhyAna meM brahmA ke mukha, bAhu, jaMghA aura pairoM se sRSTi kI utpatti, aprAkRtika dRSTi se kalpita janma kathAyeM, ziva kI jaTA meM gaMgA kA simaTanA, RSiyoM aura devatAoM ke asambhava aura vikRta rUpa kI mAnyatA kA nirasana hai / dvitIya adhyAna meM aNDe se sRSTi kI mAnyatA, sampUrNa vizva kA devatA ke mukha meM nivAsa, draupadI svayaMvara ke samaya eka hI dhanuSa meM parvata, sarpa, agni Adi kA Aropa, hanumAna evaM jaTAyu ke janma sambandhI asambhava kalpanAoM kI AlocanA hai| Age ke tIna AkhyAnoM meM bhI isI prakAra kI vibhinna paurANika mAnyatAoM kA upahAsa kiyA gayA hai| DaoN0 zrIraMjana sUrideva ne isa grantha ke anuvAda kI bhUmikA meM likhA hai ki " AcArya haribhadra ne purANoM kI kathA kalpanA ko mithyA bhrAnti mAnakara unakA vyaMgAtmaka zailI meM nirAkaraNa karane meM prakANDa pANDitya kA paricaya diyA hai| unhoMne isa grantha ke mAdhyama se anyApekSita zailI meM asambhava, mithyA, akalpanIya aura nindya AcaraNa kI ora le jAne vAlI bAtoM kA pratyakhyAna kara svastha, sadAcAra - sampanna aura sambhava AkhyAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai|" DaoN0 sUrideva jI kA ukta kathana isa sampUrNa grantha kA hArda hai / prAkRta bhASA meM racita isa grantha kA sarala hindI anuvAda prastuta kara sUrideva jI ne hindI jagat kA upakAra kiyA hai| pustaka meM ghaTanAoM sambandhI kaI rekhAcitra bhI diye gaye haiM jo ise aura bhI rocaka banA dete haiN| pustaka kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka tathA mudraNa truTirahita hai| yaha sundara kRti sabhI ke liye samAna rUpa se paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai / vIraprabhunAM vacano, lekhaka - ramaNalAla zAha, prakAzaka- zrI mumbaI jaina yuvaka saMgha, 385, saradAra vI0pI0 roDa, mumbaI- 400004; prathama saMskaraNa- janavarI 2000 I0, pRSTha 8+140; mUlya- 50/- rupaye /

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217 vartamAna samaya meM jaina vidyA ke zIrSastha vidvAnoM meM pro0 ramaNalAla cI0 zAha kA pramukha sthAna hai| unake dvArA aba taka aneka mahattvapUrNa likhe jA cuke haiN| kaI mahattvapUrNa prAcIna granthoM kA unhoMne sampAdana kiyA hai| unake nirdezana meM vibhinna zodhaprabandha taiyAra hue haiN| prastuta pustaka meM pro0 zAha ne vibhinna AgamoM se bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 15 vacanoM kA saMkalana kara unakI alaga-alaga 15 adhyAyoM ke rUpa meM vyAkhyA kI hai| prathama adhyAya meM bhagavAn ke vacana- kAle kAlaM samAyare arthAt "ucita samaya para sahI kArya kara lenA cAhie" kA vistRta vivecana kiyA gayA hai| mahAvIra kA ukta vacana uttarAdhyayanasUtra ke prathama adhyayana kA hai| isI prakAra isa pustaka kA dvitIya adhyAya mahAvIra ke vacana "NAivelaM vaejjA" para AdhArita hai| bhagavAn kA yaha upadeza sUtrakRtAMga ke caudahaveM adhyayana meM saMkalita hai| ___ isa pustaka ke adhyayana se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhagavAn ne Aja se DhAI hajAra pUrva jo upadeza diye the, ve Aja bhI utane hI prAsaMgika haiM jitane pUrva meM the aura bhaviSya meM bhI unakI isI prakAra se upayogitA banI rhegii| yadi hama sabhI unake vacanAnusAra apanA jIvana nirmANa kareM to vizva kI sabhI samasyAoM kA svata: hI nirAkaraNa ho jAyegA, isameM sandeha nahIM hai| prakAzanA kiraNeM : pravacanakAra- AcArya vijayarAmacandrasUri; sampAdaka- gaNi nayavardhanavijaya jI; prakAzaka- zrI bhAratavarSIya jinazAsanasevA samiti dvArA milana bhAI ke0 zAha, 3, pratIka apArTameNTa, yogezvaranagara sosAyaTI, dharaNIdhara derAsara roDa, pAlar3I, ahamadAbAda-7, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1999 I0, AkAra- DimAI, pRSTha 12+120; mUlya 35/- rupye| prastuta pustaka AcArya rAmacandrasUri dvArA 60 varSa pUrva bAladIkSA ke samarthana meM diye gaye vyAkhyAnoM ke saMkalana kI dvitIya AvRtti hai jise gaNi nayavardhana vijayajI ne sampAdita kiyA hai| cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita isa pustaka meM AcAryazrI ne bAladIkSA ke virodhIjanoM ke pratyeka AkSepoM kA apanI ora se zAstrokta pramANayukta uttara diyA gayA hai| gujarAtI bhASA meM likhita isa pustaka kA mudraNa nayanAbhirAma va sAja-sajjA AkarSaka hai| sidhdhI-sAdhanA-saMkalpa (ahiMsA, zAkAhAra evaM jIvadayA se sambaddha lekhoM kA saMgraha), saMkalaka- DaoN0 harSA jozI; prakAzaka- zrI navadarzana pablika cairITebala TrasTa, pArzvanagara kAmpleksa, sagarAmapurA, surata 395002, prathama saMskaraNa 2000 I0; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha 14+64; mUlya- sdupyog| prastuta pustaka meM kula 22 lekhoM kA saMkalana hai| ye sabhI lekha hiMsA nivAraNa, jIvadayA, zAkAhAra, vaidyakIya cikitsA paddhati kI upayogitA, paryAvaraNa, vyasana mukti,

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218 Adi vibhinna viSayoM para suprasiddha cikitsAzAstrI evaM jIvadayA ke pracAraka DaoN0 sureza jhaverI tathA anya vidvAnoM ke lekhoM kA saMkalana hai| isameM 3 lekha hindI bhASA meM, 3 lekha aMgrejI bhASA meM aura zeSa 16 lekha gujarAtI bhASA meM haiM aura sabhI upayogI haiN| isa pustaka kA vistRta pracAra-prasAra ho isa dRSTi se ise amUlya hI rakhA gayA hai| pustakeM kI sAja-sajjA AkarSaka evaM mudraNa nirdoSa hai| pustaka sabhI ke liye paThanIya evaM saMgrahaNIya hai| sAbhAra prApti sAgara kinAre thI zAsananA dvAre : pravacanakAra - AgamoddhAraka zrIAnandasAgarasUrIzvara jI ma0, sampAdaka- muni pUrNacandrasAgara jI ; prakAzaka- AgamoddhAraka pratiSThAna, chANI, bar3odarA, prathama saMskaraNa, AkAra- DimAI, pR0 16 + 304; pakkI bAiNDiMga, mUlya75/- rupye| AnandanA ajavANA : pravacanakAra - AgamoddhAraka zrIAnandasAgarasUrIzvara jI ma0, sampAdaka- muni pUrNacandrasAgara jI ma0, prakAzaka- AgamoddhAraka pratiSThAna dvArA vipinacandra esa0 zAha, vANIyAvAr3a, chANI, jilA- bar3odarA 391740; prathama saMskaraNa, AkAra - DimAI, pRSTha 18 190, pakkI bAiNDiga, mUlya 35 /- rupye| sAgaranuM saundarya : pravacanakAra - AgamoddhAraka zrI AnandasAgarasUrIzvara jI; sampAdaka- muni pUrNacandrasAgara jI ma0; prakAzaka- AgamoddhAraka pratiSThAna dvArA zreyaka ke0 marceNTa, nizA - 1, prathama mAlA, kAjI kA maidAna, tIna battI, gopIpurA, surata; prathama saMskaraNa, AkAra - DimAI, pR0 16 + 144, pakkI bAiNDiga, mUlya- 35/rupye| sAgaranIsaragama : pravacanakAra - AgamoddhAraka zrI AnandasAgarasUrIzvara jI ma0; sampAdaka- muni pUrNacandrasAgara jI ma0; prakAzaka- AgamoddhAraka pratiSThAna dvArA zreyaka ke0 marceNTa, nizA 1, prathama mAlA, kAjI kA maidAna, tInabattI, gopIpurA, surata, prathama saMskaraNa, pR0 8+108, mUlya 25/- rupye| upadhAnanuM suMdara svarUpa : pravacanakAra evaM sampAdaka- pUrvokta, prakAzakaAgamoddhAraka pratiSThAna, chANI, AkAra- DimAI; dvitIya saMskaraNa, pR0 14+ 84, mUlya 25/- rupye| svAdhyAya pada saMgraha (sva0 zAntibhAI vanamAlI zeTha kI smRti meM unake parivAra kI ora se prakAzita) prApti sthAna- zrI zAntibhAI vanamAlI zeTha phAuNDezana 2212, 9 a, mena roDa, blAka 3, jayanagara, baiMgalora 560011; AkAra- DimAI; pRSTha 10, 165; mUlya- svAdhyAya /

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Statement About the Ownership & Other Particulars of the Journal 1. Place of Publication 2. Periodicity of Publication 3. Printer's Name, Nationality and Address SRAMANA 4. Publisher's Name, Nationality and Address 5. Editor's Name, Nationality and Address Dated: 1.4.2001 : Parswanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi. Varanasi. Computer Composing by: : Quarterly. : Vardhaman Mudranalaya Bhelupur, Varanasi-10. Indian. 6. Name and Address of Individuals: who won the Journal and Partners or share-holders holding more than one precent of the total capital : Parswanatha Vidyapitha I.T.I. Road, Karaundi. Varanasi. : Dr. Bhagachandra Jain 'Bhaskar Dr. Shiva Prasad As above. We, Dr. Bhagachandra Jain 'Bhaskar' and Shiva Prasad hereby declare that the particulars given above are ture to the best of our knowledge and belief. Parswanatha Vidyapitha Guru Bazar, Amritsar, (Registered under Act. XXI as 1860). Signature of the Publishers S/d Dr. Bhagachandra Jain 'Bhasakar' Shiva Prasad Sartia Computers, Aurangabad, Varanasi-221010, Ph. 359521 "

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