Sankshipta Jain Itihas Part 01 Khand 02

Author(s): Kamtaprasad Jain
Publisher: Mulchand Kisandas Kapadia
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/010472/1

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sau0 savitAbAI smAraka granthamAlA naM. 4. 664S.A sAdhI nItIza OF a rer. saMkSipta jaina itihaas| lith klaani bhaa lekhaka:zrImAn bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jaina ema.Ara. e. esa. A. saMpAdaka 'yAra' aura ananTigorI tathA bhagaran pArzvanAtha, bhagavAna mahAvIra, satyamArga, lAI mahAvIra, celanI Adi _anyoMke rcyitaa| prakAzaka: mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA, saMpAdaka "digaMbara jaina" va mAlika 'dagaMbara jaina pustakAlaya, kaapddiyaabhvn-suurt| | svargIya sau. savitAbAI, dharmapatnI mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kAliyA smaraNArtha 'digaMbara jaina 'ke 27 varSake grAhakako bhett| [prati 1000 prathamAvRtta] vIra saM0 2460 mUlya-ru. 1-2-0 / aroPar-oem e - DA- -

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AAAAAA MAA544 FAAAAA "jainavina prinTiMga presa-sUratameM mUMda jitanadAsa kAraDiyAne mudrita kig|

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sau0 savitAvAI -smAraka graMthamAlAnaM.4 hamArI dharmapatnI savitAbAIkA svargavAsa sirpha 22 varSakI yuvAna vayameM eka 2 putra-putrIko choDakara vIra saM0 2456 meM huA tama hamane unake smaraNArya 2000)isa liye nikAle the ki yaha rakama sthAyI rakhakara isake sUdase 'savitAbAI smAraka granthamAlA' prativarSa nikAlI jAya aura usakA "digaMbara jaina" yA jaina mahilAdarza dvArA vinA mUlya pracAra kiyA jaay| isa prakAra yaha anyamAlA cAlu hokara Aja taka nimnalikhita prantha isa mAlAmeM prakaTa ho cuke hai 1-aitihAsika striyA~ / 2-saMkSipta jaina itihAsa dvi0 bhAga pra0 khaMDa / 3-pNcrtn| aura cauthA yaha saM0 jaina itihAsa dvi0 bhAga-dU0 khaMDa prakaTa kiyA jAtA hai aura 'digambara jaina ke 27 veM varSake grAhakoMko bheTameM diyA jAtA hai| jaina samAjameM dAna to aneka bhAI bahina nikAlate haiM paraMtu usakA yatheSTa upayoga nahIM hotA / yadi uparokta prakArake dAnakI rakamako sthAyI rakhakara smAraka graMthamAlA nikAlI jAnekA pracAra ho jAye to jaina samAjameM aneka jaina pranyoMkA sulabhatayA pracAra ho skegaa| cIra saM0 2460 / mUlacaMda kisanadAsa kaapddiyaa| jyeSTa sudI 6. S sapAdaka, digambara jaina-sUrata /

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P RED HANI HO - bhUmikA bhara ouduntasuno kucha samayame jaina saMpradAyake kaI vibhAgoMmeM ahiMsAvAdane aisA zrAnta rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA hai ki logoMkI dRSTime vaha upahAmAspada horahA hai| isI bhramako dUra karaneke liye yaha * saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" likhA gayA hai| ime hama ukta saMpradAyajhI jAgRtikA zubha lakSaNa anumAna karate hai| yadyapi " saMkSipta jaina itihAsa" ke isa khaNDame prAmANika aitihAsika sAmagrIke sAtha sAtha 'jaina kathAo' aura 'janazratiyoM kA upabhoga kiye jAnese aneka sthaloMpara matabheda hone kI sambhAvanA bhI hosakatI hai, tathApi isame itihAsa-premiyoMke aura vizeSakara jaina saMpradAyake anuyAyiyoMke manana karaneke liye bahuta kucha sAmagrI upasthita kIgaI hai| isake alAvA isakI lekhanazailI bhI saMkucita sApradAyikatAkI manovRttise pare honeke kAraNa samayopayogI aura upAdeya hai| hama, isa sundara saMkSipta itihAsako rikhakara prakAzita karaneke liye, zrIyuta bAbU kAmatAprasAdajI jainakA hRdayase svAgata karate hai| isa itihAsake pUrNa honepara hindI bhASAke bhaMDAra meM eka grantharalakI vRddhi hone ke sAtha hI jaina saMpradAyakA bhI vizeSa upakAra hogaa| AzA hai isa itihAsake dvitIya saMskaraName isakI bhASAko aura bhI parimArjita karanekA prayatna kiyA jaaygaa| AkiyAlAjikala ddipaarttmeNtt,| vizvezvaranAtha reu| jodhpur|

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liijiye| miya mitra maoN0 hIrAlAlanI ! apane priya viSayakI yaha ekamAtra kRti-premabheMTa svIkAra kIjiye ora isase bhI sundarazreSTha svakIya kRtise sAhitya-sadanako samunnana bnaaiye| -kAmatAnasAda jaina /

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AbhAra / hmon " " saMkSipta jaina itihAsa " ke sare bhAgakA yaha dUsarA vaNDa "pAThakoMke hAthame dete hue hame harSa hai| aisA karaneme hamArA ekamAtra uddezya jJAnodyota karanA hai / isalie hame vizvAsa hai ki pAThakagaNa hamAre isa sadaprayAsa se samucita lAbha uThAveMge aura bhAratIya jainoMke pUrva gauravako jAnakara apane jIvanako samunnata banAneke lie utsAhako grahaNa kareMge / isa granthanirmAName hame bahutase sAhityakI prApti aura sahAyatA hamAre mitra aura isa graMthake suyogya prakAzaka zrIyuta seTha mUlacaMda kisanadAsajI kApaDiyA adhyakSagaNa, zrI impIriyala lAyabrerI kalakattA aura jaina oriyaTala lAyabrerI ArAma huI * jisake liye hama unakA AbhAra svIkAra karate hai / prUpha-saMzodhana Adi kArya kApaDiyAjIne svaya karake jo hamArI sahAyatA kI hai, - vaha hama bhUla nahIM sakte / usake liye bhI kApar3iyAjI dhanyavAdake * pAtra hai / zrImAn sAhityAcArya paM0 vizvezvaranAthajI reDa, ema0 Ara0 e0 esa 0, kyUreTara, saradAra myujiyama - jodhapura ne isa khaMDakI bhUmikA likhane kI kRpA kI hai, hama unake isa anugrahake liye upakRta hai| itihAsake prastutaH khame hamane varNitakAlakI prAya saba hI mukhya ghaTanAoM ko pragaTa karanekA prayatna kiyA hai / aitihAsika >

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vArtA ke sAtha janazrutiyoM aura kathAoMkA bhI samAveza hamane isa bhAvaye kara diyA hai ki AgAmI aitihAsika khojameM vaha saMmaktaH upayogI siddha hoN| kintu jo bAta mAtra janazruti yA kathA hI avalambita hai. umakA hamane spaSTa gandoMmeM ullekha kara diyA hai| isalie kisI prakArakA bhrama honekA bhaya nahIM hai| itanepara bhI hama nahIM kaha sakta ki isa khaDamaM varNitakAlakI maba hI ghaTanAoM ThIka-ThIka ullekha huA hai| para jo kucha likhA gayA hai vaha ekamAtra aitihAsika dRSTikoNase / ataH saMbhava hai ki kinhIM sthaloMra matabhedakA anubhava prabuddha pAThaka kreN| aise avasarapara niSpakSa tarka aura pramANa hI kAryakArI hosakte hai| unake AlokameM samucita sudhAra bhI kiye jAsakte hai| isa dizAmeM karmazIla honevAle samAlocakoMkA AbhAra hama pahale hI svIkAra kiye lete hai| jasavantanagara (iTAvA) / 24 maI 1934 vinItakAmatAprasAda jain| A S

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B nivedn| jaina samAjame aitihAsika khojapUrNa pustakoMke suprasiddha lekhakazrI0 bA0 kAmatAprasAdajI jaina kRta-"saMkSipta jaina itihAsa dUsarA bhAga-prathama khaMDa" tIsare varSa hamane prakaTa kiyA thA aura isa varSa yaha dUsare bhAgakA dUsarA khaMDa pragaTa kiyA jAtA hai jisame isvIsana pUrva 250 varSase isvIsan 1300 takakA jainokA prAcIna itihAsa saMkSipta rUpase varNita hai| bA0 kAmatAprasAdajIkI aitihAsika khojakI hama kahAtaka prazaMsA kreN| Aja jaina samAjame tulanAtmaka dRSTise jaina itihAsakI khoja karane va usako prakAzame lAnevAle yaha eka hI vyakti haiN| yadi ApakI lekhanIko uttejita kI jAya to Apake dvArA aura bhI aneka aitihAsika grantha likhe va prakaTa kiye jA skeNge| yaha grantha 'digambara jaina' (sUrata) ke 27 veM varSake grAhakoMko bheTame diyA jAyagA tathA jo 'digaMbara jaina' ke grAhaka nahIM hai unake liye kucha pratiyAM vikrayArtha bhI nikAlI gaI hai| AzA hai ki aise aitihAsika granthakA acchA pracAra hogaa| prakAzakA

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- - vissysuucii| mAlayana......01) jaina gAthAoMkA zaka raajaa| itihAsakA mhtv| kuzana sAmrAjyakA patana / kathA aura jndhuti| (2) samrAT khAravela ....31 prastuta itihAsakA mhtv| phaligakA aila cedivNsh| caubIsa tIrthakara / khAravelakA rAjyAbhiSekA jainadharmako vishesstaa| khAravela gajyakA prathama varSa / itihAsa sudhAra va gorya pravartaka hai| khAravelakI prathama digvijaya / (1) inDosTriyana va pArthiyana gajadhAnImeM utsv| rAjya..................pRSTa 9 gyAravelakA aakrmnn| vaikTriyana pApiyana rAjya / tana sutiyanahara va janapada nakhyA / gajA menenDara va jaindhrm| gvAravelaphI rAniyA va putrlaan| zaka va mugana aakrmnn| khAravelakA magadhapara AkramaNa / mahAgaja ajema va janadharma / khAravelakA dAna vaIt puujaa| phaalkaacaary| gyAravelakA bhAratapara mAkramaNa | matrATa kaniSkA magavapara AkramaNa va vijy| videgI AkramaNoMkA pramAva / pAdhyadezaka narezakI bheNtt| kugana mAtrAjyameM jaindhrm| tatkAlIna dshaa| janavarmakA vizAla ruup| khAravelakA rAjya prbNdh| unnapa rAjavA gvAravelaphA rAjanaitika jIvana / utrapa nahapAnA khAgvelakA gAIsthya jIvana / nahapAna va jainazAstra / , janadharma pramAvanAke kaary| nahapAna hI bhUtapali humaayaa| jinavANIkA uddhaar| chatrapa mAmaha jnii| khAravelakA shilaalekh| zaka mamyatA nndaabd| -

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(10) kaligameM jainadharma / (4) gupta sAmrAjya va jainadharma88 khAravelakA atima jiivn| guptavaMzakA candragupta prathama / khAravelakA gardabhilla vaza hai| samudraguptA uDiyA granthoM meM khaarvel| candragupta dvitIyA saMvatavAra vivrnn| cInI yAtrI phAhyAna / candragupta aura jaindhrm| (3) anya rAjA va jainadharma....57, guptavaMzake maMtima gjaa| tatkAlIna jainadharma / gupta rAjyakI bhavanati / ahicchatrake vaMzameM jaindhrm| tatkAlIna dharma va saahity| mathurAkA nAgavaMza aura jainadharma / / digambara jaina sv| pAcAla rAjyameM jainadharma / vagakaligameM jaindhrm| kosAmbI rAjyameM jaindhrm| guptakAlakI kalA / jaina rAjA pusspmitr| usa samayake vyaapaarii| rAjA vikrmaadity| haNa raajy| vikramAditya va jaindhrm| yshodhrmaa| vikrama sNvt| (5) harSavardhana va huenatsAMga-104 vikrama va viirsvt| harSavardhana | digambara zvetAbara sghbhed| dhArmika udAratA / di0 jaina saMgha va usake prabheda / / sAmAjika paristhiti / di0 matAnusAra zve.kI utptti| cInI yAtrI huyenatsAga / tatkAlIna jaindhrm| tatkAlIna shikssaaprnnaalii| upajAtiyoMkI utptti| (6) gujarAtameM jainadharma aura zve amavAla vaizya jaati| Agama graMthoMkI utpatti-112 khaDelavAlakI utptti| prA0 gujarAtameM jainadharma / osavAla jAtikA prAdurbhAva / / itihAsakAlameM gu0kA jainadharma ! lambakaMcuka jAtikA jnm| | madhyakAlameM gu0 meM jainadharma /

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zve0 AgamakI utpatti | zve0 bauddha graMthokA sAdRzya | haihaya va kalacUrI gajA / cAlukya rAjA va jenadharma / rASTrakUTa vazameM janadharma | ( 11 ) cAvar3a rAjAoMke jaina kArya / solakI rAjA va janadharma | samrAT kumArapAla | kumArapAlakI sAmrAjyavRddha | jaina mantrI vAhar3a | kumArapAla va jainadharma | kumArapAla va sAhityavRddhi / kumArapAlakA gArhasthya jIvana / solakI rAjyakA patana | vAghela vaMza aura jainadharma / vastupAla aura tejapAla / AbUke jaina maMdira | vastupAThakA aMtima jIvana / zve0 dharmakA abhyudaya / digambara dharmakA utkarSa / (7) uttarI bhAratake rAjya va jainadharma................144 rAjapUta aura janadharma | kannojake rAjA bhoja parihAra | vividha rAjavaMzoM meM jainadharma / gvAliyarake rAjA va jainadharma / madhyabhArata jainadharma rAjA Ila aura jenadharma | madhya prAnta meM jainadharma | dhArAkA rAjavaMza aura jaindhrm|| rAjA bhuja aura jaina vidvAna | mamitagati AcArya | rAjA bhoja aura jainadharma / dUvakuDake kacchavAhe / nazvarmA aura jainadharma | kavivara AzAghara | bagATha mor3IsA meM jainadharma or3IsA ke aMtima rAjA / rAjapUtAnA meM janadharma mevADake rANA vaMza meM jenadharma |. mAravADameM janadharma / nAdau ke cauhAna va jainadharma rAThaur3o meM jainadharma | maDorake pratihAra va janadharma / vAgar3a prAntameM jainadharma | ajamera ke cauhAna va janadharma |. siMdhu - paMjAbameM janadharma | tatkAlIna di0 jaina sagha / ujjena va vAgakA saMgha / prasiddha digambarAcArya | munidharma | gRhastha dharma / anakI zuddhi | jainadharmakI upayogitA /

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RTa kali zud zuddhayAzuddhipatra / yuddha janaprati janayuti mannAta avagata mUrtiga maniyoM 1932 1932, pp. 159-150 iMTiyA ihimAla .: Salieuka 792 Salisaks Jaia Antiqusis 'nilindapAha' kAlAcA . age paDho 'pR0233 1 23 'nilinda-paha' kAlkAcArya Ancient India. p. 13. 'mAhanAnubhAi maMdigatiko 'mAunAnunAu maMdagadi 2818 ____16 Jabors Jbove. YTL. P. 349. 429 45-459 danhi datihata kI thii| raktI thii| gaye 4 Dameterioo janapta Demeterios jAnanda manA jAugar3ha zilAlekha jADagar3ha zIlArekha

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x viruddha aura viruddha *** 16-56 zAstroMko x * nAgavaMza nAgavazI 52-56 zAstroMke nahapAnako kizA kiyA 275-279 278-279 18 183 Shulbhadra's Sthulbhadra's 17 'kaThina hai' zabdake mAge paDhoM "mUlameM digabara jainI apane prAcIna nAma 'nimrantha se hI prasiddha rhe| zvetApara apaneko 'zvetapaTa' kahate the, parantu digabara taba 'nirbhaya' nAmake hI abhihita the; jaise ki kAdaMbara vazI rAjAoMke tAmrapatra Adise pragaTa hai|" (148-49) (148-49) 198 murti bhUmUrti 75 se bhUSita varNanase seSita varNanane una prana Mathura tathA . Mothera tathApi J hotA k: AASEE: $ honA 2797 vaNNadeva mallipeSaNa 279) vappadeva mallipeNa

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(14) m jainadharma usameM s s gharoMse apara h h h yadyapi sarakArI " 3 h h " h jainadharma bhI usameM bhI gharoMke upara sarakArI kitu... AyA hai| kalkiA ukhakA bhA0 122 saMsthAmeM pR0671 1-12 nirmita sabalasaMdhehi dhImbara 119 bArayyA tatkAlIka h 107 108 23 109 115 * * * = * * kalkikA usakA bhA0 13 pR0 522 saMsthAyeM kaMjAeI pR0 671 1-72 nirmita hubhA sayalasaMghehi dhIzvara 114 bAppA tAtkAlIna 121 125 133 138 145 * * Ea 147 89 sacamukha 292 153 155 174 22-23 22 jJAnAvarNava mAprAe 6-7-8 eDinevA0 zAstravidyA sacamuca 242 jJAtArNava bhApArA0 6 aMka 7-8 eDijavA0 zastravidyA 177 1818

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saMketAkSara sUcI / prastuta graMthake saMkalana meM ninna granthoMse sahAyatA grahaNa kI gaI hai, jinakA ullekha nimna saktarUpameM yathAsthAna kiyA gayA haia0 = zauka ke dharmalekha lekhaka zrI0 janArdana bhaTTa ena0 e0 ( kAzI, saM0 1980 ) / mahi0 = 'malI hisTrI Apha inDiyA'- saH visenTa smitha ema0 e0 ( cauthI AvRtti ) / azoka0'azoka' le0 sara vinsenTa smitha ema0 e0 / bhAka0' mAgadhanA kathAkopa' The0 0 nemidatta (jaina mitra Aphisa, surata ) / oNjI0=AjIvisma - bhAga 1 DaoN0 venI mAnava mArumA0 DI0 TiTU ( kalakattA 1920 ) / AsU0= 'AcArAta sUtra' mUla (zvetAmbara Agama graMtha ) / ahi0 = oNksapharDa hisTrI oNpha inDiyA - visenTa smitha ema.e. 1 Iai0= inDiyana ainTIke) (traimAsika patrikA ) | iriinsAyakropeDiyA Apha rilIjana eNDa ithiksa hai sTrigsa | iMseja 0 = 'inDiyana sekTa oNpha dI jainma' vulhara | iMDikA 0 = iMDiyana hisaTorIkala kvArTarlI sa0 DaoN0 narendranAtha TaoN-kalakattA / uda0 = ' uvAsa gaDhasAo sutta0 ' -DA0 hANale ( Biblo Indica ). upu0va0 u. pu. = ' uttarapurANa' zrI guNabhadrAcArya va paM. lAlArAmajI / usU0 = ' uttarAdhyayana sUtra' (zvetAmbarIya Agama graMtha ) jAla kaoNpeMTiyara ( upasalA ) / ei0='epiphiyA iMDikA ' |

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. . eime0 yA meei0 enziyenTa inDiyA ejaDiskrAibDa dhAI megasthanIja eNDa airiyn'-(1877)| eijai0-ena ipIToma oNpha jenIma-zrI pUrNacandra nAhara ema0e0 emikSadA0- enziyenTa miDa iDiyana kSatriya TrAinsa 'DaoN0 vimalAcaraNa laoN (phlkttaa)| airi0-aiziyATika risarcaja-sara viliyama jonsa (san 1799 va 1909) / ei0 eziyenTa iDiyA ejaDiskAinDa vAI sTrabo maika kiMDala (1801) / kajAi-kanivama, jAgaraphI Apha eziyenTa iMDiyA-(kalakattA 1924) / ___ kali0= e hisTrI oNpha kanArIja liTrecara' I0 pI0 gaisa (H. L S. 1921) kasU0 kalpasUtra mUla (zvetAmbarI Agama prny)| kAle-kAramAikala lekvasa DaoN0 DI0 Ara0 bhaannddaarkaar| kaihii0 kaimbrija hisTrI oNpha iDiyA ainziyenTa iMDiyA, mA0 1-raipasana sA0 (1922) / gusAparin gujarAtI sAhitya pariSad riporTa-sAtavIM / (bhAvanagara sa0 1982) / gaubu0- gautamabuddha' ke0 je0 saoNnDarsa (H. LS) / camabha0'cadrarAja bhaDArI kRta bhagavAna mahAvIra javi moso0-janarala Apha dI vihAra eNDa moDIsA risaca sosaaittii| jambU jambUkumAra caritra (sUrata vIrAnda 2440) /

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( 17 ) jamIso0 = jarnala Apha dI mIthika sosAiTI - veMgalora / jara esA 0 = janarala oNpha dI gayala aisiyATika sosAyaTI- laMdana | 'jaikA 0 = ' 'jaina kAnUna' (zrI0 campatarAya jaina vidyAvA 0 vijanaura 19928 ) / 'jaMga0-' 'jaina gajaTa ' aMgrejI (madrAsa ) / jaipra0 = jainadharma prakAza vra0 zItalaprasAdajI (vijanaura 1927) / jaistU0= jainastUpa eNDa adara eNTIkaTIja oNpha mathurA - smitha | jaisAsa 0 = 'jaina sAhitya saMzodhaka' mu0 jinavijayajI (pUnA) / jesimA 0=jana siddhAnta bhAskara zrI padmagaja jaina (kalakattA) / jaizi saM0= 'jaina zilAlekha saMgraha' - pro0 hIrAlAla jaina (mANikacandra granthamAlA | jaihi0 = jaina hitaiSI saM0 paM0 nAthUgamajI va paM0 jugalakizorajI ( bambaI ) / jaisU0 (J8 ) = jaina sUtrAja ( S. E Series, Vols. XXII & XLV ). TaoNrA 0 = TaoNDasA0 kRta rAjasthAnakA itihAsa ( veGkeTezvara presa) / DijevA0- e DikzanarI oNpha jaina bAyophI' zrI umarAvasiMha TaoNka (Aga) | takSa0 = e gAiDa TU takSazilA' - sara jaoNna mArazala (1918) / tatvArtha0 = tatvArthAdhigam sUtra zrI umAsvAti S. B. J. Vol. tipa0 = ' tilloya paNNatti ' zrI yati vRSabhAcArya (jaina hitaiSI bhA0 13 aMka 12 ) / dijai0 = ' di0 jaina mAsika patra saM0 zrI. mUlacanTa kisanadAsa kApar3iyA (sUrata) /

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(18) doni0dIghanikAya' ( P. T, S.) / pari0-pariziSTa parva-zrI hemacandrAcArya / prAjalema0prAcIna jaina lekha magraha kAmatAprasATa jana (vrdhaa)| bavio jaismA0-baMgAla, bihAra, mor3IsA jaina smAraka-zrI brahma'cArI shiitlprmaadjii| bajesmA0-bambaI prAtake prAcIna janasmAraka va zItalaprasAdajI! bui0-buddhiSTa inDiyA-pA0 hIsa DeviDsa / / bhASA0-bhagavAn prArthanAtha-le0 kAmatAprasAda jaina (suurt)| mama bhagavAna mahAvIra- " " " bhamabu0 bhagavAna mahAvIra aurama vuddha kAmatAprasAdra jaina (suurt)| bhamI0-bhaTTAraka mImAsA (gujarAtI) sUrata / bhAI0=bhAratavarSakA itihAsa-DaoN0 IzvarIprasATa DI0 liG (prayAga 1927) / bhAmago0 agoka-DaoN0 bhaNDAraka ( klkttaa)| bhAmArA bhAratake prAcIna rAjavaza zrI. vizvezvaranAtha reu (bNbii)| bhAprAsai0-bhAratakI prAcIna samyatAkAitihAsa,sara ramezacaMdra dtt| majaii-marAThI jaina itihAsa / mani0% majjhimanikAya . ' *majjhima0% mamaprajaismA0 madrAsamaisUrake prA0 jaina smAraka brshiitlprsaadjii| -mahA-mahAvagga (S B. E Vol XVII). milindra0milinda panha (S. B Vol. XXXV.) murA-mudrArAkSasa nATaka-ina dI hindU DrAmeTisa vrks,vilsn| -mUlA-mulAcAra vaTTakera svAmI (hindI bhASA sahita bmbii)|

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(10) mamazo-azoka maikaphaila kRta (H. L.S.). mebu0-mainyula mApha buddhijma-( spenhaarddii)| ramA-ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra na00 jugalakizorajI (bmbii)| gai0 gajAtAnekA itihAsa bhAga 1-03050 gogezakara DIrAcaMda monaa| rilijama AkI impAyara--( landana / lAbhAma-lAika Apha mahAvIralA. mANikacaMdrajI (ilaahaavaad)| lAbhAi0-mAratavarSakA itihAsa lA0 lAjapatarAya kRta (laahaur)| lAma-lArDa mahAvIra eNTa adhara TIcarsa oNpha hija TAima-kAmajAprasAda (dillii)| lAvavu0-lAipha eNDa vasa oNpha yuddha ghoSa-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa TaeNA0 (klkttaa)| bajaiza-vRhad jana zabdArNava-10 bihArIlAlajI cetanya / vira0-vida ratnamAlA-paM0 nAyarAmajI premI (vNbii)| ava0-zravaNabelagolA, ga00 pro0 narasiMhAcAra ema0 e0 (mdraas)| zreca0 zreNikAcaritra (mugt)| sAmiyAmara AzutoSa moriyala vaoNlyUma (pttnaa)| sakau sambatatra kaumudI (bbii)| sajai0 sanAtana jaina dharma-anu0 kAmatAprasAda (klkttaa)| saMjai0 saMkSipta jaina itihA- pra ma bhAga kAmatAprasAda (suurt)| saTije-sama DisTimguisDa u sa umagasiha TAka (aagraa)| samajismA mayukta prantake prAcIna jaina smAraka-tra. shiitl|

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(20) ssAijai0 sTaDIja ina sAutha iDiyana jainijma pro0 rAmAsvAmI mAyagara / sasU0 samrATa akabara aura sUrIzvara-muni vidyAvijayajI (aagraa)| sakSadAei0-sama kSatrI dAinsa ina enziyanTa iMDiyA-DaoN0 vimalAcaraNa laa0| sAmsa0 sAmsa Apha dI bradarena / suni0-suttanipAta (s. BE.) / hari-harivaMzapurANa-zrI jinasenAcArya (klkttaa)| haoNjai0 haoNrTa oNpha jainIjma miseja sTIvensana (lNdn)| hiAiost himArUi hisTrI oNpha dI Aryana rUla ina iNddiyaa-haivel| higlI0=hisTorIkala glIningasa-DaoN. vimalAcaraNa loN0| hiTe-hindU Telsa-je. je. meyarsa / hiDrAva hindU DrAmeTika va vilasan / hiprIiphi0-hisTrI mApha dI prI-buddhisTika iMDiyana philAsaphI bArumA (klkttaa)| hilinai hisTrI eNDa liTrecara oNpha nIjma-bArodiyA (1809) / hivi0-hindI vizvakoSa nAgendranAtha vasu (klkttaa)| kSatroklensa kSatrIklensa ina buddhiSTa iDiyA-DA0 vimalAcaraNa loN0|

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| dvitIya bhAga-dvitIya khNdd| ( san 250 I0 pUrvase san 1300 I0 taka) prAzana / itihAsakA kArya satya ghaTanAko prakaTa karanA hai / jo bAta jaise ghaTita hocukI hai, usakA vaisA hI itihAsakA mahatva / varNana karanA itihAsa he / sAhitya jagatameM purAtana kathA, purANa, janazruti AdikA __ saMgraha itihAsa kahalAtA hai| satya usakA mUlAdhAra hai / satya itihAsa hI sajIva itihAsa hai aura vahI itihAsa apane uddezyameM saphala hotA hai| mAnava jagata satya itihAsase hI TIkara zikSA grahaNa kara sakatA hai / ataeva mAnava hitake liye yathArtha itihAsakA nirUpaNa honA atyanta Avazyaka hai| pratyeka ra STra aura jAtiko apane pUrvajokA vAstavika itihAsa jJAta honase, vaha apane gaurava, pratiSThA aura zaktiko prApta karaneke liye saceSTa hotA hai| itihAsa usa rASTra aura jAtimeM nayA jIvana, naI sphUrti aura naye bhAvoMko janma detA hai| vaha zikSita samAjameM eka yuga pravartakakA kArya karatA hai|

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2] MAAVAAAA--- - sapti jaina itihAsa / romeromer m * * .. mmmmmmmm itihAsake mahatvako bhulAkara kArDa bhI gaSTra yA jAti jIvita nahIM raha skiiN| jainAcArya itihAsake mahala kathA aura janazrati / tvame avajJAna he haiM / jaina vAgamayame prathamAnuyoga ' kA astitva isI bAtakA dyotaka he / kinu kahAjAsakatA hai ki kyAoM aura janazruniyAko vAmnavika inihAya ko mAnA jAya ' yaha gA tavyahIna nahI hai. kitu kisI gaSTra yA jAnike itihAsako prakaTa karanevAlI kathAoM aura janazrutiyoko yadi ekadama ThukarA diyA jAya . no phira usa rASTra yA jAtikA inihAma kima AdhAgme likhA jAya / ataeva zreyamArga yaha hai ki itihAsa-viSayaka kathAoM aura janazrutiyoMko tabataka amvIkAra na karanA cAhiye jabataka ki vaha anya svAdhIna sAkSI-gilAlekha Adima asatya siddha na hojAya ! basa jaina kathAoM janazrutiyoM yA anya paramparINa mAnyatAoMko jaina jAtike itihAsa likhaneme bhulAyA nahIM jAsakatA ! isI bAtako dhyAname rakha karake hamane jaina kathAo aura janazrutiyokA bhI upayoga isa itihAsake likhaneme kiyA he / hA, jahApara koI bAta itihAsame viruddha pratIta huI, vahA usako amAnya yA prakaTa kara denA hamane ucita samajhA' hai, kyoMki pakSapAta itihAsakA zatru hai / prastuta itihAsa likhanemeM hamane isa nItikA hI yathAsaMbhava pAlana kiyA hai| ___ 'jaina itihAsa' jaina dharmAvalambiyoMkA itihAsa hai| ataH jaina dharma viSayaka isa itihAsame jaina mahAprastuta itihAsa aura puruSoM, rAjA mahArAjAoM, AcArya vidvAnoM, usakA mhtv| sagha-gaNAdi sambandhI vizeSa ghaTanAoMkA

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prAkathana / [3 / yathArtha paricaya aura usakA prabhAva bhinna 2 kAloMmeM tatkAlIna paristhinipara kaimA paDA thA, yaha saba kucha batalAnekA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / isa itihAsako hamane 'bhA0 digambara jaina pariSada' ke prastAvAnusAra kaI varSoM pahalesa likhanA Arambha kiyA thaa| maubhAgya-vaga isakA prathama bhAga jisameM jainoMke purANavarNita mahApuspokA varNana hai. san 1926 me hI prakaTa hogayA thaa| usake __lagabhaga chaha varSoMke pazcAta usake dUsare bhAgakA pahalA khaNDa vigata varSa pharavarI 1932 me prakAzita huA thaa| dUsare bhAgameM I0 pUrva 600 me san 1300 takakA itihAsa likhanA iSTa hai| usa bhAgako tIna khaNDome vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| pahale khaNDameM ma0 mahAvIrake samayame zuGgakAla takakA varNana likhA gayA hai| isa dUsare khaNDame tabase san 1300 takakA uttara bhAratase sambandha rakhanevAlA itihAsa prakaTa kiyA gayA hai va tIsare khaNDame dakSiNabhAratakA inihAsa saMkalita karanA zepa hai| ___antima aga prastuta itihAsakA tIsarA bhAga hogA aura usameM san 1300 ke upaganta vartamAnakAla takakA inihAsa prakaTa karanA vAJchanIya hai| kintu prastuta itihAsako mAtra 'jaina itihAsa' samajhanA ThIka nahIM hai| vastuta. vaha jaina dRSTise likhA huA aura jainoMkI mukhyatAko liye hue bhAratavarSakA itihAsa hai / isa rUpame hI usakA mahatva hai| eka jijJAsu usako paDha leneme jaina itihAsake sAtha 2 bhAratavarSake itihAsakA jJAna prApta kara sakatA hai| usake atirikta jaina itihAsa viSayakA yahI apanI zreNIkA pahalA grantha hai| prastuta itihAsake prathama bhAga aura dUsare bhAgake prathama khaNDameM

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- ~ AAVAN saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainadharmaka svanpa usakI prAcInatA aura caubIsa tIrthaGkara / usake nugnya cauvIsa nIrthadvage viSayame bahuta kucha liyA jAcukA hai| usako yahApara duhasanA vyartha hai, kintu hAlame caubIsa tIrthakaroMke viSayame eka naI gahA khar3I huI hai-unake astitvako kAlpanika kahA gayA hai / yadi yaha kathana kisI pramANake AdhAra para hotA-korI kalpanA na hetI, to ise kucha mahatva bhI diyA jAtA. parantu yaha nirAdhAra hai aura isase aisI koI bAta pragaTa nahIM hotI jisame caubIsa nIrthadUraviSayaka mAnyatA vAdhita ho| pratyuta svAdhIna mAdIse ima jaina mAnyatAkA samarthana hotA hai| bhAratIya zilAlekha, vaidika aura bauddha sAhitya usakA samarthana karate haiM yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| hAlase 'moina-jo-Daro ke purAtatvapara jo prakAza par3A hai, vaha usa kAlase arthAt Ajase lagabhaga pAca hajAra varSa pahale jaina dharma aura usake sAtha jaina tIrthaGkaroMkA astitva pramANita karatA hai| vahAse aisI nagna mUrtiyAM prApta huI hai, jinakI AkRti TIka jaina mUrtiyA~ sahaza hai aura unapara jaina tIrthakaroMke cihna baila Adi hai| eka lekhale spaSTata 'jinezvara bhagavAnakA ullekha hai / 1-"jainajagata meM isI prakArakA lekha pragaTa kiyA gayA hai|2-"sNkssipt jaina itihAsa" prathama bhAgakI prastAvanA tathA dvitIya bhAga prathama khaMDa pR.3 3-5EUR A standing Image of Jain Rishabha in Kayotsarga posture. . closely resembles the pose of the standiog derties on the Indus seals etc. etc" -Modern Revear, Aug 1982. 8-madrA naM0 449 para 'jinezvara' zabda adrita hai| dekho iMTimA0, bhA0 8 inDasasIlsa pR0.18

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praakthn| ina bAtoko dekhakara vidvAna jainadharmakA sambandha unase sthApita kairana hai| isa mAkSIse teIsaveM tIrthakara pArzvanAthake bahuta pahale jainadharmakA antitva pramANita hotA hai| isa dazAmeM bha0 pArzvanAthake pahale bhI tIrthaharIkA honA Avazyaka hai| aba yadi unako kAlpanika mAna liyA jAya to I0 pUrva 8-9vIM zatAbdIke pUrva jainadharmakI sattA na honI cAhiye / kintu yaha uparokta purAtatva viSayaka sAbhI bAdhita hai| ataeva bha0 pArzvanAthake pUrvavartI tIrthakako vAstavika vyaktiyA mAnanA ucita hai| jaina dharma eka satya arthAt vijJAna hai| satya honeke kAraNa usakA vyavahArika honA lAjamI hai| vastutaH jainadhamakI vizeSatA / jaina itihAsa use eka aisA hI dharma pramA Nita karatA hai| hA, jainiyoMkI vartamAna zocanIya dazA hamArI isa vyAkhyAko eka atisAhasI-sA vaktavya darzAtI hai; kintu jarA dekhiye to Ajakalake bhAratIya dharmoke anuyAyiyoko! una dharmoke mUla siddhAMta kucha hai aura unake anuyAyiyoMkA AcaraNa Aja kucha aura hai| jainI bhI apane dharmake mUla siddhAMtoMse bahuta kucha bhaTaka gaye hai / unakA pUrva itihAsa aura dharmazAstra isa vyAkhyAkI mAkSI hai| udAharaNata jainadharmake ahiMsA siddhAntako le liijiye| Aja hama siddhAtakI jaisI miTTI palIda jainiyoMne kI hai, JaDr. l'ran Vath writes in the Indian Hist. Quarterly (Vol. VIII No.) "The names and symbols on Plates annexed would appear to disclose a connection between the od religious cults of the Hindus and Jainas with those of this Indus people" -- - -

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| vaisI zAyada hI kabhI huI hai| ahisA tatva mUlame manuSyako zuravIra banAnevAlA hai| kintu Ajake jainI use kAyaratAkA janaka mAna rahe hai / nauvata yahAtaka pahuMcI hai ki ahimAke jhaMTha bhayake kAraNa jainI apanI, apane bAlabacco aura dhana sampatikI rakSA karane yogya bhI nahIM rahe hai / kintu jaina itihAsako dekhiye vaha kucha aura hI bAta batalAtA hai / ahisA aNuvratako pAlanevAle aneka jaina vIra aise huye hai, jinhone deza aura dharmake liye agaNita yuddha gce the| maurya samrATa caMdraguptane apane bhujavikramase apanA sAmrAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| unhoMne hI yUnAnI vAdagAha milyUkamako mAra bhagAkara bhAratakI svAdhInatAko akSuNNa rakkhA thaa| samrATa sampratine deza-videzame dharma sAmrAjya sthApita karanekA udyoga kiyA thaa| usake uttarAdhikArI zAlisUkane saurASTrako apane asibalase vijaya karake vahA jainadharmakA pracAra kiyA thA / ise unhoMne apanI mahAn 'dharmavijaya kahA hai| isI taraha kaliGga 1-hindU anya 'gargasaMhitA' ke 'yugapurANa ' meM yaha ullekha isa prakAra hai.-"tasmin puSpapure ramye janArAmazatAkule / RtukarmakSayAkUtaH zAlizUko bhaviSyati / sa rAjAkarmanirato duSTAtmA priyvigrhH| saurASTramardayan ghoraM dharmavAdI hyadhArmika. / / sva jyeSThaM bhrAtara sAdhu saprati prathayan gaNaiH / khyApayiSyati mohAtmA vijayaM nAma dhArmikam // " dIvAnabahAdura pro0 ke0 dhruva isakA artha isa prakAra karate haiM: " In the beautiful city of Puspapura studded with hundreds of Public parks, there will arise Salisaka intent on the abolition of sacrifical ritual That wicked king, addicted to evil deeds, taking pleasure in (religious ) squabbles, talking

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prAyana / cakravartI aila khAraverane aneka magrAmome apanA zaurya prakaTa karake dharmaprabhAvanA kI thii| unake bhayame yUnAnI bAdazAha damitraya bhArata choDakara bhAga gayA thaa| jana bIra vAgvelane puna mvAdhIna bhAratakI pratiSThAko bAla 2 bacA liyA / yaha mana hI vIra parama dharmAnmA zrAvaka the / candragupta no anname jaina muni hogaye the / gvAgvelane kumArgaparvatapara yogra vrata-upavAsoko karake apaneko kSINa samRtaH banA liyA thaa| ahiMsA tatvako unhoMne ThIka-ThIka samajhA thA aura umakA prakAza apane vyaktinvaye gvava hI kiyA / isI liye bhAratIya vidvAna jaina dharmako apane vAstavika rUpame zakti-gAlI dharma prakaTa karate hai / vaha kahate haiM ki vaha karmavIroMkA dharma hai / akamaNya puruSoMkA nahIM / vastutaH bAna bhI yahI hai| jainAcArya apane deza aura dharmake liye manuSyako kartavyazIla honekA upadeza dete haiN| eka zrAvakake liye vAtsalya-dharma vaha hara taraha-jarUrata hoto asivalapa bhI apane dharmAtmA bhAiyoMkI rakSA karanA religion but ( really ) irreligious, steeped in delusion, will terribly prosecute the people of Saurastra and proclaim the so-called Religious Conquest, contributing thereby to the glorification of the religiousness of his elder brother Samprati by sections of the Jan community." -Jhors, XVIP 24. 1-Prof. Dr. B Seshagin Rao, M.:A, ph D, writes : "It appears to me that Jainism is a religion of strength It Is a worker's and not an idler's fuith"--.Jan Antagruary, I, 1. 2-AcArya somadeva 'yazastilakacampU meM kahate hai:"yaH zastravRttiH samare ripuH syAt, yaH kaNTako vA nijamaMDalasya / astrANi tatraiva nRpAH kSipanti, na dIna-kAnIna-zubhAzayeSu / "

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- - - 8] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / catalAna hai| bAta jana ahisA pratyeka zreNIke manupyake liye vyavahArya hai| vaha manuSya ke jIvana mArgako nirmala aura nigaha banAtI hai| jabataka jainI usake vAstavika svarUpako grahaNa kiye gaM baha khUba phale. phle| bha0 mahAvIra ke nikaTa prAya sAra bhAratane ahiMsA dharmakI dIkSA lI thii| bhAratIya gaSTa saJcA asmika itihAsa sudhAra aura vIra bana gayA thaa| phalata bha0 mahAvIrakA zauryakA pravartaka hai| dharma vizepa unnata huA thA aura videzI ___ loga bhI bhArata-vijayakI lAlasAma hatAga hokara apane2 dazoko lauTa gaye the / prastuta granthame jo itihAsa saMkalita hai, vaha isa vyAkhyAko darpaNa-vata spaSTa karatA hai / hindU graMthoMkI sAkSI bhI isa kAlme jaina dharmAnkarSakA samarthana karanI hai| yavana zaka Adi videzI loga taka jainadharmakI zaraName Aye the| hiMda zAstrakAroMne inheM 'vRSala' kahakara apane dharmase bAhya prakaTa kiyA hai| ina saba bAtose spaSTa hai ki jainadharma vastuta eka zaktizAlI dharma hai aura usake dvArA jagatakA kalyANa vizeSa huA hai| artha-"jo raNAGgaNameM yuddha karaneko sanmukha ho athavA apane dezake kaNTaka-usakI unnatimeM bAdhaka-hoM kSatriya vIra unhIke Upara zastra uThAte haiM-dInahIna aura sAdhu AzayavAloMke prati nahIM vizeSake liye dekho "jana ahisA aura bhAratake rAjyoM para usakA prabhAva" 1-'gargasahitA ke ullekhase ki 'vRSala bhikSuka hoMge' (bhikSukA vRSalA loke bhaviSyanti na saMzaya ' usa samaya brAhmaNotara sAdhuoMkI bAhulyatA spaSTa hai| ra-'mAnavadharmazAstra' (1043-44)meM pauNDa, uDU, dravir3a, kamboja, yavana, zaka Adiko brAhmaNa vimukha 'vRSala' huA likhA hai|

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDA pArthiyana raajy| [9 Ajakalake jainiyoMko prastuta itihAsase dekhanA cAhiye ki unake pUrvajoMne kisa prakAra dharmakA gaurava pragaTa kiyA thA / jIva mAtrakA kalyANa karaneke liya unhoMne niHzaMka vRtti svIkAra kI thii| jainadharmakA mUla rUpa unake cAritragye spaSTa hai| Aja bhI unake AdazaMkA anukaraNa karanA zreyaskara hai| prastuta pustaka pAThakoMke liye isa viSayame mArgadarzakakA kArya kare. yahI hamArI abhilASA hai| sacamuca itihAsakA kArya hI yaha hai / vaha sudhAra aura zauryakA pATha par3hAtA hai, murdA dilomeM naye utsAha aura naye jozako jagAtA hai| bhAratako Aja ye vIrabhAvotpAdaka dharmakI AvazyaktA hai ! bhArata-saMtAna apane vIra pUrvajoko jAne aura unheM pahacAnakara unake pagacinhoMpara calanekA prayatna kare, yahI bhAvanA hai| sacamucaH "yaha the vaha vIra jinakA nAma sunakara joza AtA hai| ragArme jinake aphasAnoMse cakara khUna khAtA hai|" um inDo bAkTriyana aura inDo hAthiyana rAjya chatrapa va kuzana-sAmrAjya / (san 226 I0 pU0 se 206I0) bhAratake uttarame yanAniyoMne apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| samrAT candraguptake varNanameM likhA caikTriyana aura pArthi- jAcukA he ki silyUkasa nAikeTara bhAratase - yana raajy| parAsta hokara balakha AdikI ora lauTa gayA thaa| san 261 I0 pU0meM silkasakI mRtyuke pazcAt usakA putra eNTiokasa rAjA huA parantu

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10] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| ayogya honeke kAraNa balakha (vaikTriyA) aura pArthiyAvAle san 250 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga usase svAdhIna hogye| bhAratI sImApara sikandarake pazcAt ina yUnAniyoMke hamale. barAvara hote rahe the, kintu salyUkasake bAda pahalA yUnAnI rAjA jisane paMjAvapara hamalA kiyA DimiTIasa thA / DimiTrIasane apanA adhikAra mathurA taka jamA liyA thA aura vaha magadhako bhI sara karanA cAhatA thA. kitu samrATa khAravelake bhayase vaha mathurA choDakara calA gayA thA / * phalata yUnAniyoMkA bhAratIya sImA paMjAva va sidhupara adhikAra hogayA thaa| iname menenDara nAmakA rAjA bahuta prasiddha thaa| san 160 I0 pU0se san 140 I0 pU0 taka vaha kAvulakA zAsaka thaa| usane san 155 I0 pU0 ke nikaTa bhAratapara car3hAI kI thii| mi0 smithane isa ghaTanAkA samaya I0 pU0 175 mAnA hai| meneNDara (manendra) yA milinDakA janma sidhunaDha vartI pradezameM ____ arthAt 'dvIpa alasanda' jise yUnAnI alerAjA menenDara va kajinDriyA kahate the, vahA huA thA / uttara jainadharma pazcimI bhAratapara vijaya prApta karake menenDarane paMjAbake sAkala (syAlakoTa) nagarame apanI rAjadhAnI sthApita kI thI / sAkala usa samaya baDA samRddhizAlI nagara thaa| jainadharmakA pracAra bhI vahA vizeSa thaa| bauddha-dharma vahAM usa samayake bAraha varSa pahalese nahIM thaa| bauddha bhikSu nAgasenane 1-mAi0 pR0 77. * javimoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 258. 2bhAprArA0 bhA0.2 pR0 188. 3-pUrve0 pR0 189. 4-milinda0 pR0 10. -

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inDo-caikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [11 vahA jAkara bauddha dharmakA pracAra kiyA thaa| sTrevone likhA hai ki menenDarane paTala ( mindha ). surASTra aura sagaraDisa ( sAgara-dvIpa kaccha) taka adhikAra kara liyA thaa| usake zike bhaDaucataka pracalina the aura usakI senA rAjayUtAnA taka pahuMcI thii| menenDara vIra honeke sAtha hI gAyana bhI thA / 'laTArkane use eka anyanna nyAyavAna rAjA likhA hai| vaha itanA loka-priya thA ki isakI mRtyuke pazcAta logoMna usakA bhasmAvazeSa Apasame bATakara usapara stUpa banAe the / menenDarakA adhikAra mathurA, mAdhyamikA (cinaurake nikaTa ) aura sAketa ( dakSiNI avadha ) taka hogayA thA / kintu gaMgAke AsapAsa vAle pradezoMme usakA rAjya adhika dinotaka nahIM rahA thA / pAtanjalIke mahAbhAdhyame yavanoM dvArA sAketa aura madhyamikAke gherekA ullekha hai| saMbhavataH yaha ulekha maiMnandarake AkramaNako lakSya karake likhA gayA hai; kyoMki yaha car3hAI pAtaMjalike samaya huI thii| jaSTina menenDarako bhAratakA rAjA livatA hai| bauddhagrantha 'milinda pAha' se patA calatA hai ki bhikSu nAgamenake upadezaya menenDarane bauddha dharma grahaNa kara liyA thAH kintu bauddha honeke pahale usakA jaina honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai| usane jina dArzanika siddhAtopara nAgasenake sAtha bahasa kI thI, vaha ThIka jainoMke anusAra hai| svayaM milinda paNha' meM kathana hai ki pAMcasau yUnAniyoMne rAjA menenDarame bhagavAna mahAvIrake dharma dvArA manastuSTi karanekA Agraha kiyA thA aura menenDarane * 1-bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 142-143. 2-vizeSake liye dekho 'vIra' varSa 2pR0 446-449.

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12] maMkSipta jena itihAsa / unakA yaha Agraha svIkAra bhI kiyA thaa| usake adhikArame Apa hue nagara madhyamikAke bhagnAvazepAmeme ekame adhika jainadharma lambadhI lekha nikale hai| ina saba bAnona menanDAkA eka samaya jainadharmAbalabI honA pragaTa he| usake yanAnI sAthiyoMme bhI jainadharmakI mAnyatA vizeSa thii| isa samaya lagabhaga jaina samrATa gvAgvela dvArA jainadharmakA vahu pracAra huA thA / jaina dharmakA prakAga jagatanyApI rahA thaa| isase thoDe samaya pazcAt yUnAniyoMko sithiyana-jAnika lAgAne jinakA bhAratIya gaka kahane the. vaikTiyAme zaka va kuzana nikAla diyaa| sAtha hI gaka logoMne rASTra aakrmnn| pajAva aura aphagAnistAnapara bhI apanA adhikAra jamA liyA / zaka gajA mAAke rAjyame pajAba aura aphagAnistAna zAmila the| vIra dhIra zoMkI eka zAkhAne, jise yUcI kahate the, 150 I0pU0ke karIba baikTriyAko jIta liyA aura vaha vahA pAca janasamUhoMme vaTa gaI / inamese eka kuzanane mArI jAtikA sagaThana karake use eka banA liyA aura pajAva tathA aphagAnistAnapara apanA adhikAra sthApita kara liyaa| phira kAlAntarame zakoMne saurASTra mAlavA, mathurA takSazilA Adi dezoMme bhI apanA Adhipatya jamA liyA thaa| zaka rAjA moAkA ullekha apara kiyA jAcukA hai| usakA uttarAdhikArI ejesa (Area }) prathama thA, kintu usake viSayame kucha adhika varNana nahIM milatA hai. yadApi isame sazaya nahIM ki usakA rAjya dIgha aura samRddhizAlI thaa| , 1-milinda0 108.2-rAI0 pR0 358 3-higlI0 pR0 78. 4-bhAi0 pR0 78.

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [13 saMbhavana ajesake parAkramaya hI zaka rAjyakA Adhipatya tamAma uttara pazcimIya bhAratame jamanA nadI taka mahArAja ajesake sthApita hogayA thaa| usane 'kSatrapa niyata. samayameM jaindhrm| karake pArasya dezakI rAjanItikI taraha apanA zAsana vyavasthita kiyA thaa| usake sikkoMpara 'maharajasa rajarajasa mahAtasa ayasa' athavA 'maharajasa rajadirajasa mahatana ayasa' yA ' maharajasa mahatasa dhramikasa rajadirajasa ayasa ' lekha milate hai| mahArAjA ajesake samaya (I0 pUrva prathama zatAbdi) meM takSazilAme jainadharma unnatipara thaa| usa samayakaM bane hue kaI jaita stupa vahA Aja bhI bhagnAvazeSa hai / eka stUpake bhItarase mahArAjA ajesake ATha tAMbeke sike, aura eka choTIsI sonekI DiviyA jinameM asthi-aMza svarNake TukaDe aura hAthIdAMta evaM pASANa maNikAyeM kkhe huye the. nikale the| ina stUpoMkI banAvaTa ThIka mathurAke jaina stUpakI banAvaTake samAna haiN| inhIM stUpoMke pAsavAlI imAratoM se eka lekha aremika (Aramaic) bhASAkA IsavIsanse pUrvakA nikalA hai| bhAratameM isa lipi aura isa bhASAkA yahI eka lekha hai| hatbhAgyase yaha abhItaka ThIka 2 par3hA nahIM gayA hai| DaoN0 bArneTa aura pro0 kolI isameM eka hAthIdAtake mahalake banavAnekA ullekha haA batalAta hai| kintu eka dhArmikasthAna-stapake nikaTa mahalakA bananA kucha ThIka nahIM jaMcatA! saMbhavataH yaha mahala 'jina-prasAda' arthAt jaina maMdirakA dyotaka hogaa| 1-takSa0 pR0 13. 2-mAprArA0 mA0 2 pR0 196.3-takSa0 pR0 76-80.

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14 saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zaka loga jaina-dharmake prati mahAva ragvanaM yaM yaha vAta zvetA __mbara jaina granthoke -- kAlkAcArya kathAnaka ' kaalkaacaary| me bhI spaSTa hai / ' kAlkAcAryake samayame ujjainakA rAjA gardabhilla thA / usane apanI viSayalampaTatAke vaza ho. kAlkAcAryakI bahina AryikA sambanIko balAtkAra apanI nI banAliyA / kAlAcAryako gajAkA yaha anyAya aura pApakRtya asahya hogyaa| unhoMne anyayakA viccheda karaneke liye zAkaTeza (saimtana Setstan) kI ora prayANa kiyA aura -vahAke zakarAjAoMse maitrI karalI / koMke rAjA ' sAhANusAhi ne unheM rAjadrohake aparAdhame daNDa denA caahaa| una zakoMne kAlkAcAryakA kahanA mAnA aura i0 pU0 123ke lagabhaga 96 zAhI (zaka) kula sindhu nadIko pAra karake saurASTrame aajme| unamese eka unakA -rAjA hogyaa| kAlakane use ujjainIpara AkramaNa karaneke liye utsAhita kiyaa| zakarAjAne kAlkAcAryake Agrahame ujjainIpara I0 pU0 100me hamalA kiyaa| gardabhillake pApakA ghaDA bhara gayA thaa| vaha zaka senAke sAmane Tika na skaa| maidAna chor3akara bhAga gyaa| phalata zakarAjA ujjaina athavA mAlavAke zAsanAdhikArI huye| kAlkAcAryakA unhoMne Adara kiyaa| AryikA sarasvatIkI bhI mukti hogaI / vaha prAyazcitta grahaNa kara punaH dhyAna lIna hogii| vidvAn loga isa kathAnakako saccA mAnate hai| usa samaya arthAta IsavI parva 1-prabhAvaka caritra (1909 bambaI) pR0 36-46 va javi. moso0 bhA0 16 pR0 290.2-kaihi i0 pR0 167-8 va 932.3: alAhAbAda yUnIvarsiTI sTaDIja bhA0 2pR0 148javimoso0bhA016.

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inDo-baikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [15 prathama zatAbdimeM bhAratIya zakarAjA 'gAunAnuzAu' nAmaka upAdhi grahaNa karate the. yaha bAta itihAsasiddha hai| ataH kAlaka kathAnakase bhI 'jaina dharmake prati zaka logoMkI sahAnubhUti' honA prakaTa hai / ina zakokA rAjya I0 pUrva 100se 58 taka uttara va pazcimI bhAratameM rahA thaa| kuganavaMgame kaniSka sabase pratApI rAjA thaa| usane apane parAkramase cIna Adi kaI dezoMko jItA aura samrATa kaniSka / sAmrAjyakA vistAra vaDhAyA thaa| vaha san 78 I0 me rAjasiMhAsanapara ArUr3ha huA aura usakA adhikAMza samaya yuddha karaneme bItA thA / pezAvara (purupapura) usakI rAjadhAnI thii| vahIme vaha apane sAre rAjyakA pravandha karatA thA, jisameM pazcimameM phArasa takakA kucha hissA aura pUrvameM samasta uttarIya bhArata pATaliputra taka sammilita thaa| kahate hai ki gaddIpara baiThaneke kucha dinoM bAda kaniSkane bauddha dharma dhAraNa kiyA thaa| usake rAjyakAlame bauddha saMghakI eka sabhA huI thI; jisake nirNayake anusAra uttarIya bhAratake bauddha loga mahAyAna-sampradAyavAle kahalAne lage the aura dakSiNa 'hInayAna' sampradAyake nAmase prasiddha hue the| kaniSkane bauddha dharmakA khUba pracAra kiyA thaa| usake samayameM bhAratIya vyApArakI bhI khUba vRddhi huI thii| kaniSka vidyAvyasanI thA aura usane kaI imArateM vanavAI thiiN| takSazilAke nikaTa usane eka rAjadhAnI banavAI thii| vaha Aja sarasukha TIleke nIce davI par3I hai| yamunAke kinAre mathurAke nikaTa bhI usane bahutasI 1-bhAi0 pR0 79-81.

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16 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | imArate banAI thIM / mathurA ke pAsa kanikakI eka suMdara nRti nikalI hai| kaniSkakA rAjavaidha AyurvedakA prasiddha vidvAna caraka thaa|' prabhAva / yadyapi bhAratame yUnAniyoM aura zakakA rAjya rahA thA aura ve loga yahApara yama bhI gaye the. parantu unakI videzI AkramaNoMkA yUnAnI yA romana sabhyatAkA prabhAva bhAratapara prAya nahIM ke barAvara paDA thA / vidvAn kahane he ki bauddha dharmapara avazya usakA kucha prabhAva par3A thA / kintu brAhmaNa aura jaina dharmopara usakA asara kucha bhI nahIM paDA thA / yUnAnI bhASA kamI bhAratame leokapriya nahIM huI aura na bhAratiyone yUnAniyoMke veSabhUSA ora rahana mahanako hI apanAyA thaa| hA, bhAratakI sthApatya, Alegbya aura takSaNa vidyApara usakA kicit prabhAva paDA thA, parantu vaha nahIMke barAbara thaa| sacamuca uma samayake bhAratIyoMke liye yaha bAta baDe gauravakI hai ki unhoMne apanI prAcIna Arya saMskRti aura sabhyatAko akSuNNa rakkhA / videziyoMke samparkame rahate huye bhI vaha unake dvArA tanika bhI prabhAvita nahIM huye / pratyuta unhoMne apanI saMskRti aura dharmakA aisA prabhAvazAlI asara una logoM para DAlA ki ve usapara mugdha hogaye aura unamese adhikAzane brAhmaNa, bauddha athavA jainamatako grahaNa kara liyA aura dhIre 2 vaha saba mila julakara hindU janatAme ekameka hogaye / " kaniSka aura usake uttarAdhikAriyo - huviSka aura vAsudevake 1 1- lAbhAi0, pR0 197 - 204 / 2 - mahi0 pR0 429 va lAbhAi0 pR0 203 /

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [17 .. rAjakAlameM jaina dharmakI unnati vizeSa huI thI / mathurA usa ___ samaya jainadharmakA mukhya kendra thA / vahAM kuzana sAmrAjyameM jaina para bhagavAna pArzvanAthajI (I0 pR0 9 vIM dharmakA utkrss| zatAbdi ) ke samayakA eka jaina stUpa vidyamAna thA / aura bhI kaI stUpa aura jaina maMdira the| mathurAke bhagnAvazeSoMpara I0 pU0 san 150 se san 1023 I0 takake zilAlekha mile hai; kintu yaha bhI vidita hai ki I0 pU0 san 150 se bhI pahalekA eka jaina maMdira mathurAme thA; jisakI vastuoMko naye maMdiroMke kAmameM lAyA gayA thaa| aisA mAlUma hotA hai ki jainiyokA utkarSa vahApara IsavI solahavIM zatAntika rahA thA / uparAMta musalamAnoM dvArA jainokA yaha tIrtha aura usake darzanIya prAcIna sthAna naSTa karADAle gaye / yahAkI ' kArIgarI baDI manamohaka aura sundara hai| ina dharmAyatanoMko rAjA aura raMka sabane banavAkara punya saMcaya kiyA thaa| jahAM eka ora kauzika kSatriyo dvArA nirmita AyAgapaTakA ullekha milatA hai vahA dUsarI ora nRtaka evaM gaNikAoM dvAga banavAye gaye AyAgapaTa aura jaina maMdira milana hai / inameM proSThala aura sAkya kSatriyoMke liye kAlarUpa gotiputrakA nAma ullekhanIya hai / inakI putrI kauzika vaMzakI zivamitrA nAmaka thIM, jinhoMne jaina maMdirame eka AyAgapaTa nirmita karAyA thaa| isI prakAra hAgtiI putra pAlakI strI kautsI amohanIne arhat pUjAke liye AryavatI 1-ahii0 pR0 318 va kehii0 pR0 167. 2-jaistUpa0 pR0 13.3-vIra varSa 4 pR0 297. 4-eI0 bhA0 1 pR0 394-396

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18] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / canavAI thii| inake atirikta bhagnAvazeSoMme aGkita citroM jaise-rAjachatra lagAye kisI rAjAko jaina mAvukA upadeza denA, nAgakumAroM (zakoM) kA vinIta bhAvame upadeza zravaNa karanA athavA pUjA karanA ityAdise janatAke sAdhAraNa aura vizeSa manuSyoM tathA videgiyoMke madhya jaina 'dharmakI mAnyatA honekA paricaya milatA hai | "jambukumAra carita" se vahA pAcasaume adhika stUpoMkA honA pragaTa hai|' usa samaya bhI jainadharma apane vigAla rUpako dhAraNa kiye huye thaa| jina videziyoko ghRNAkI dRSTise jainadharmakA vizAlarUpa / hindU loga dekhate the, unako vauddha aura jainAcAryoMne apane 2 matameM dIkSita kiyA thaa| uparAnta ina donoM dharmokI dekhAdekhI brAhmaNoMne bho apane matakA pracAra ina videziyoMme kiyA thA / jaina zAstroMmeM sarva prakArake manu- . pyoMke liye dharma sAdhana karanekA vidhAna maujUda hai| mleccha bhI yathAvasara Arya hojAtA hai aura vaha muni hokara mokSa lAbha karatA hai| mathurAke purAtatvase jainadharmakI isa vizAlatAkA patA calatA hai| videzI zaka Adi loga jainadharmayukta hue the aura naTa, vezyA Adi jAtiyoMke loga bhI arhata bhagavAnakI pUjAke liye jinamaMdira Adi nirmita karAkara dharmopArjana karate the| ina maMdirAdi vividha vyaktiyoMkA dAna kahA gayA hai| 1-vizeSake liye dekho "vIra" varSa 4 pR0 294-311. 2-anekAnta 1 pR0 140. 3-labdhisAra gAthA 195 veMkI TIkA 271 va vizAla jaina saba nAmaka hamAga TrekTa dekho| 4 vIra varSa 4 pR0 311.

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [19 yaha bhI mAlUma hotA hai ki tabataka vivAha kSetrakI vizAlatAmeM bhI koI saMkoca nahIM huA thaa| vaNika sihakakA vivAha eka kaugika vaMzIya atrANIse huA thaa| abataka vaizya jAtikI upajAtiyokA pracAra nahIM thA aura loga cAra varNokI apekSA hI eka dUsagkA ullekha karate the| kintu isa purAtatvame usa samaya arthAt I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdise I0 dUsarI zatAbdi taka jaina saghame jo uthala-puthala macI huI thI, usakA khAsA paricaya hotA hai| isakA vizeSa varNana digambara aura zvetAMvara bhedakA jikara karate huye Age kiyA jAyagA / 'digambara' apaneko prAcIna 'nirgrantha' nAmase saMze. dhita karate the| ___ pahale kahA jAcukA hai ki inDA baikTriyana rAjAone prAta prAMtameM chatrapa niyata karake zAsana prabandha chatrapa rAjavaMza kiyA thaa| kugana kAlameM yaha chatrapa loga uttara pazcimI bhAratake kuzana rAjAke sUbedAra the| kintu antameM inakA prabhAva itanA bar3hA ki mAlavA, gujarAta, kAThiyAvAr3a, kaccha, siMdha, uttara koMkaNa aura rAjapUtAneke mevADa, mAravAda sirohI, jhAlAvADa, koTA, paratApagar3ha, kizanagaTa, DUMgarapura, vAMsavAr3A aura ajamera taka inakA adhikAra hogyaa| I0 pU0 pahalI zatAbdise I0 cauthI zatAbdi taka bhAratame chatrapoMke tIna mukhya rAjya the; do uttarI aura eka pazcimI bhaartme| takSa. zilA arthAt uttara pazcimI paMjAva aura mathurAke chatrapa 'uttarI chatrapa' tathA pazcimI bhAratake chatrapa 'pazcimI chatrapa' kahalAte the| yaha mUlameM 1-vIra varSa 4 pR0 301.

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2.] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / zaka jAtike the aura pahale pahala vivAha sambandha kevala apanI jAtime karate the| kitu upagata yaha laMga jaina aura bauddha dharma meM dIkSita hogaye the| vaidika dhamako bhI ina logoMne apanAyA thaa| kSatriyoMke sAtha inakA vaivAhika sambandha mI hone lagA thaa| chatrapa vaMzame nahapAna nAmakA rAjA bahuta prasiddha thaa| usakA samaya I0 pUrva prathama zatAlima IsvI prathama chatrapa nahapAna / zatAni taka vidvAn anumAna karate haiN| umakI gajA' aura 'mahAchatrapa' upAdhiyA thI jo use eka svAdhIna gajA pragaTa karatI hai| nahapAnakA gajya, gujagana kAThiyAvAr3a kaccha. mAlavA. nAmika Adi dezApara thaa| umakA jamAtA RSabhadatta umakA senApati thA / nahapAna bhUmakA utarAdhikArI thaa| isa bhRmaka sikAme eka ora siha va dharmacakra tathA brAhmI akSaroMkA leva aGkita milatA hai / yaha cid jainanvare yotaka hai| bhUmakake daravArakI bhASA bhI prAkRta thI / nahapAna nitsa. ndeha jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA / digambara aura tAMbara donoM hI jaina sampradAyoMka zAstroMme usakA varNana milatA hai / zrI jinamenAcAryane umakA ullekha ' naravAha nAmase kiyA hai aura usakA rAjyakAla 12 varSa likhA hai, jo I0 pUrva 58 ' taka anumAna kiya jAtA hai / jaina gAtroMme nahapAnakA ullekha naravAhana 'narasena' 'nahavANa' Adi rUpameM huA milatA hai| nahapAnakA eka viruda bhaTTAraka' thaa| 1-mAprArA0 bhA0 1pR0 2-3. 2-bhAprArA0 mA0 1 pR. .12-13. 3-vimaoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 2894-rAi0 mA0 1 pR0 103.

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www inDo-paikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [21 yaha zabda jainoMmeM vizeSa rUr3ha hai| usake jamAtAkA nAma RSabhadatta bilkula eka jaina nAma hai| ina saba bAtoMko dekhate hue ina zakoMko jaina dharmabhukta mAnanA anucita nahIM hai / nahapAna nissandeDa jaina zAstrokA naravAhana haiM / Adhunika vidvAna bhI isa vyAkhyAko svIkAra karate hai| isa avasthAme nahapAnako jaina zAstrAnusAra jainI mAnalenA ThIka hai| zvaAMbara jaina zAstra - zrI Avazyaka sUtra bhASya ' me pragaTa hai ki " bhRgukacchame nahavANa (saMskRtarUpa naranahapAna va janazAstra / vAhana) nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usake pAsa akhaTa dhana-koSa thA / usake sAtha hI pratiSThAnapura ( vartamAna paiThana ) me eka mAlivAhana nAmakA rAjA thA. jisakI senA ajeya thii| zAlivAhanane nahavANakI rAjadhAnIko T-Rishabhadatta 1s, purely a Jaana mame given by Rishabha (The Tirthankara) -JBORS XVI250. 2-"I need hardly say that Nahavana stands for Nahapana." -MM. K. P. Jayswal., JABORS XVI. pa. nAtharAmajI premI bhI 'nahavANa' ko 'nahapAna' batAte haiN| jahi0 bhA0 13 pR0 534. 3-'bharuyacche Nayare nahavAhaNo rAyA kosasamiddho' Avazyaka sUtramANya | isakA maskRta rUpa abhidhAna rAjendrakoSameM (bhA0 5 pR0 383) meM yoM diyA hai. 'bharakacchapure'trA''sId bhuuptinrvaahnH|| tapAgacchakI eka prAkRta paTTAvalImeM nAhavAhaNakA ullekha 'nahanANa' rUpameM huA hai / isIliye hamane nahavANa likhA hai| (jaisA saM0 mA0 1 aMka 4 pR0 211) jAyasavAlajIne bhI yahI zabda prayukta kiyA hai| (javioso0, 16 pR0 283). - .

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VA DARPAN hdment saMkSipta jana itihaas| A gherA; kiMtu dhanAlA samakSa usakI dAla na galI / vaha do vA taka bhRgukacchakA ghega DAlakara hatAga paiThaNako vApasa calA gyaa| sAlivAhanakA maMtrI nahayANake yahA ArahA. usane nahavANakA yana dharmakAryame khUba vyaya kagayA / aneka varmasthAna banavAye aura khUba dAna-puNya kiyaa| mAlivAhanana bhRgukacchapara phira AkramaNa kiyA aura abakI umakI manacatI huI / nirdravya nahavANa usake nAmane Tika na sakA / hama maMgrAmame unakA marvathA nAga hogayo / Ava zyaka sUtra bhASyakI isa kathAko mamaH zrI kA pramAdajI jAyasavAla sthUla rUpame vAstavika aura tathyapUrNa mAnanaM he ' / vaha nahavANa ( naravAhana ) ko kSatrapa nahavAna aura sAlivAhanako AndhravazIya gautamI putra zAtakarNI siddha karate hai, jisakI rAjadhAnI paiThaNa thii| nahapAnake senApati RSabhadatta dvArA limvAye gaye nAmika. vAle zilAlekhame bhRgukaccha, dagapura. govardhana aura surapAraka nAmaka nagaroMme dharmasthAnoMko banavAnekA bhI ullekha hai| 'gargasaMhitA' me zakokA ati lAlacI honA pragaTa hai| nahapAna hI bhatavalI jAyasavAlajI gautamI putra zAtakaNIko dI prasiddha rAjA vikramAditya siddha karane hai AcAye huA thaa| jinhoMne I0 pUrva 58 me gakoMkoM parAsta 1-'so viNaho, naTTa nayaraMpi gahiya' (saMskRta-nidravyatvAnanAza sA') isa padase naravAhanakI mRtyu huI kahanA ThIka nahIM jNctaa| balki naravAhanake rAjatvakA nAza humA mAnanA ThIka hai| yaha kathA 'javimoso' bhA0 16 pR0 283-294 se uddhRta kI gaI hai| 2-Ep Ind VIII p 78. 3-javimoso0 16 pR0 284. .

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inDo-paikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [23 kiyA thaa| ukta saMgrAma isa ghaTanAkA hI dyotaka hai / udhara, digambara jaina zAstra * zrutAvanAra ' meM bhI eka naravAhana rAjAkA ullekha hai / isake viSayameM vahA kathana hai ki vaha vAmi dezakI vasundhaga nagarIkA rAjA thaa| usakI murUpA nAmaka rAnIke koI putra nahIM thA, jisake kAraNa vaha duHkhI rahatI thii| rAjazreSTI suvuddhike kahanese naravAhanane padmAvatI devIkI pujAkI aura puNyodayase usake eka putra huaa| usakA nAma padma rakkhA gyaa| nagvAhanane ima harSa ghaTanAke upalakSame sahasrakRTa evaM anya aneka jina maMdira banavAye / dharma prabhAvanAke liye rathayAtrAyeM nikalavAI / kAlAtagmeM naravAhanake rAjanagarameM eka jaina maMgha AyAH jisame usakA mitra magadhakA rAjA muni thA / usake upadezase naravAhana muni hogaye / subuddhi zreSTI bhI muni hogyaa| ye hI donoM muni girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) gharasenAcAryake nikaTa Agama zAstrakI vyAkhyA sunaneke liye gaye the| use sunaleneke pazcAt unhone aMkalezvarapura (bhaDoca-bhUgukaccha) meM paTkhaNDAgama zAstrakI racanA kI thii| ye kramaza. bhUtabali aura puppadanta nAmase prasiddha hue the" / yaha kathA uktazvatAvara kathAse nitAMta 1-javimoso0 16 pR0 261-282. 2-siddhAtasArAdisagraha (mA0 pra0)pR0 316-398.3-'girinagarasamIpe guhAvAsI gharasenamunIzvaro'prAyaNIpUrvasya yaH paMcamavastukastasya turyyaprAbhUtasya zAstrasya vyAkhyAnaprArabha kariSyati / ..........bhUtabalirnAmA naravAhano munirmaviSyati............savuddhiH puSpadaMtanAmA munirbhaviSyati / .......... tanmunidrayaM aMkalesurapure gatvA matvA SaDaMgaracanA kRtvA zAstreSu likhaapy....ityaadi|" -vibudhazrIdharakRtaH zrutAvatAra /

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24] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vilakSaNa hai| kintu dega nagara va rAjAke nAma isa kathAkA lIlA kSetra bhRgukacchake AsapAsa hI pragaTa karate hai / dezakA 'vAmi' nAma anonA hai| yaha ganda gabhavata nAgoMke vAsa vAmIkA dyotaka hai, jisase bhAva upta pradezake hosakate hai ki jisame nAgalAMka rahane ho / sidha-kacchavI dezako yasAniyoMne nAgoMke kAraNa pAtAla nAma diyA bhI thaa| nAga logoMki mUla sthAna rasAtala (madhya eziyA) ke do bhAgAme zaka loga rarane the| isI kAraNa bhRgukanchake AsapAsake dezako nAgo-kAdika vAsasthAna rUpame digavarAcArya 'vAmI nAmaye ullikhita karane he| nirasandeha vaha bhRgukacchavartI daMga honA cAhiye, kyoki girinagara-akalezvara Adi nagara usIke pAsa hai| 'gargasaMhitA me nahapAnakI rAjadhAnIkA ullekha 'pura 'rUpame huA hai; jisame spaSTa hai ki vaha eka prasiddha aura samRddhizAlI nagara thaa| vastuta prAcIna kAlame bhRgukacchakI aisI hI sthiti rahanI thI / isa avasthAme usakA ullekha vasudharA rUpame karanA anucita nahIM hai| uktazvatAvara kathA nahavANa (nahapAna)kA sampUrNa caritra pragaTa karaneke liye nahIM likhI gaI hai, balki mAyA zalyake dravyapraNidhi bhedake udAharaNa rUpame usakA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| vaise hI 'zrutAvatAra' meM bhI digambara jaina Agama granthake likhe jAnekI ghaTa 1-ihikkA0, bhA0 1 pR0 459. 2-javioso0, 241408. 'khaka pur| 3-bhagukaccha bauddhakAlase eka prasiddha bandaragAha aura lATa dezako rAjadhAnI rahA hai| bAjaismA0, pR0 20. 4-'mAyAyAm' sA ca dvidhA-dravyapraNidhiH bhAvapraNidhizca / tatraM dravyapraNidhI udAharaNam ..abhidhAnarAjendrakoSa, javioso, bhA0 16 pR0 291.

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inDo vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana rAjya / [ 25 1 nAko vyakta karaneke liye nahavANa (naravAhaNa) kA AMzika varNana hai / usame bhI nahavANa (naravAhaNa) dvArA dharmasthAnake banane va dAna puNya karanekA samarthana hotA hai / saMbhavata naravAhaNa rAjyacyuta honepara digambara muni hogayA thA / rAjabhraSTa honepara vaha karatA bhI kyA ? jaba ki usako vairAgyakA sAdhana milarahA thA / itihAsase yaha bhI pragaTa hai ki liyaka (Laaka) nAmaka eka vyakti saMbhavata nahapAnakA putra thA, jisane uttara bhAratame jAkara takSilAmeM I0 pU0 45 me apanA rAjya jamAyA thA / zrutAvatAra kathA naravAhana (naha- cANa) kI DhalatI umarame eka putrakA honA pragaTa karatI hai; kyoMki adhika vayataka jaba naravAhaNake putra nahIM huA taba hI usane ukta prakAra padmAvatIdevIkI pUjA kI pratIta hotI hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki nahANa (naravAhana) rAjAke jIvanakI vAstavika ghaTanAoM, arthAt usako zakajAtikA prasiddha naravAhana (nahavANa) kahanA, dharmakAryameM dravya vyaya karanA. ati dhanavAna honA, usakI adhika umara meM eka putra honA Adi - ko lekara 'zrutAvatAra' ke lekhaka vibudha zrIdharane uma kathAko apane DhaMgapara likhA he aura yaha batalA diyA hai ki naracAhana (nahavANa ) hI bhUtabali muni huye the / ina saba bAtoMko dekhane huye, 'zrutAvatAra' ke naravAhana aura * Avazyaka mUtrabhApya' ke nahavANa, jisakA saMskRta rUpa vahA bhI naravAhana hI hai, itihAsa - prasiddha chatrapa nahapAna mAnanA anucita nahIM hai, ataH kahanA hogA ki di0 jaina zrutakA uddhAra zaka nahapAna dvArA huA thA ! 1 - janimoso0 bhA0 16 pRSTha 250.

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26] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / chatrapavaMzameM nahapAnake atirikta uparAta chatrapa rudradAmanake ____putra rudrasiMha jainI honA sabhava hai / usane chatrapa rudrasiMha jainI / san 180se 196 I0taka rAjya kiyA thaa| usakA eka lekha caitra zuklA paMcamIkA likhA huA bhagna dazAme jUnAgar3ha milA hai. jisameM "kevalajJAnasaMprAptANA" pada milatA hai / isa paTake kAraNa kyoki kevalajJAna' jainoMkA eka pAribhASika zabda hai. bulhara Adi vidvAn rudrasiMhako jaina dharmAnuyAyI pragaTa karate hai| jUnAgar3hakA 'vAvA pyArAkA maTha aura aparakoTakI guphAoMko bhI vidvAn jainoMkI batAte haiN| zrutAvatArase girinagara (jUnAgar3ha) ke nikaTa sthita guphAoMme di0 jaina muniyoMkA honA siddha hai / ina imAratoMko chatrapa rudrasiMhane hI saMbhavataH banavAyA thaa| zaka saMvatke viSayameM koI nizcita mata nahIM hai / phargusanane __ use kaniSkakA calAyA huA anumAna kiyA sk-smbt| hai| kintu Aja usa matake viruddha aneka pramANa milate hai / paNDita bhagavanalAla aura jaiksana sA0 isa saMvatako nahapAna dvArA gujarAta vijayakI smRtimeN| 1-ArkelaoNjikala sarve riporTa oNpha vesTarna inDiyA, bhA0 2 pR0 140. 2-iai0, bhA0 20 pR0 363 ..3-'zrutAvatAra meM dharasenAcAryako girinagarake nikaTakI guphAkA nivAsI likhA hai| (girinagarasamIpe guhAvAsI dharasenamunIzvaro) aura girinagara janAgadakA prAcIna nAma hai| (dekho phajAi0 pRSTha 698). 4-iai0, mA0 20 pR. 364.5-bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR. 3. '

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inDo vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [27. calA mAnate hai|' DA0 phlITa bhI isa matase sahamata the| kanighama aura Dubuyala caSTanako zaka saMvatakA calAnevAlA pragaTa karane hai| sara jaoNna mAragala ajasa prathama (Ages I) dvArA usakA calanA anumAna karate hai| kintu vidvAnone ina matoko nissAra pragaTa kara diyA hai| yadyapi ve maba ume mana 8 I0se calA mAnane meM eka mata hai| udhara bhAratIya paNDinokA purAtana mantavya zaka saMvatke viSayameM yaha rahA hai ki pratiSThAnapurake gajA gAlivAhana (sAtavAhana) ne zakoMko pagasta karake isa saMvatako calAyA thA / jinaprabhasUrine 'kalpapradIpa ' meM likhA hai ki gajA gAlivAhanane gaka saMvata calAyA thaa| mAtavAhana yA gAtikaNI upAdhidhArI gajA dakSiNa paiThanake AndhravaMzame huye hai. jisakA rAjyakAla I0 pUrva pahalI zatAbdise IsvI nIsarI zatAbditaka rahA thaa| katipaya vidvAn isa vaMzake hAla nAmaka rAjAko zakasaMvatakA pravateka gAlivAhana pragaTa karate hai, kyoMki hAla aura gAla zabda samavAcI hai| kintu mama0 kAgIprasAdajI jAyasavAla kuntala gAtakarNIko gaka gAlivAhana saMvatakA pravartaka siddha karate hai| vaha batalAna haiM ki zaka nAmake do saMvata the| prAcIna zaka saMvatakA sambandha kose thaa| vaha lagabhaga 1-caMbaI gaijeTiyara mA0 1 khaMDa 1 pR0 28. 2-jarAeso0, 1913 pR0 922. 3-kAinsa oNpha iMDiyA pR0 104 va iMe. 1923 pR0 82. 4-jamIso0 bhA0 18 pR0 70. 6-jamIso0 bhA0 17 pR0 334. 6-bhAmArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 3 va jamIso0, 'bhA0 17 pR0 334-335. 7-jamIso0, bhA0 17 pR0 334337. 8-jabimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 295-300. -

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- - 28] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 120I0 pUrvame Arambha huA thaa| rAjA kuzAna aura uvimakabdhisake lekhoMme yahI savata milatA hai|' dUsarA aitihAsika zaka saMvata san 78 se kuntala gAtakarNI dvArA zakopara eka bAra phira vijaya prApta karaneke upalakSame calA thaa| kintu jAyasavAlajI jaina zAstroMke isa ullekhase ki vIra nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne pazcAta zaka rAjA huA san 78 se zakoMdvArA bhI calA eka mavata mAnate hai| kintu isa jaina ullekhameM eka zaka rAjAkA honA likhA hai, na ki usame zaka mavatake calanekA ullekha hai| isa dazAme jaina gAthAoka AdhArase eka 1-javioso0 16 pR0 230-242. 2-javioso0 bhA0 16 pR0 300. 3-"NiyANe vIrajiNe chavAsasadesu pacavarisaMsu / NamAsesu gaDhesu sajADho sagaNio ahavA / / 89 // -trilokaprajJapti / 'trilokasAra' meM isa gAthAko nimnaprakAra likhA gayA hai:'paNachassayavassa paNamAsa juda gamiya vIra nnivuido| sagarAjo to kakkI cadunavatiyamahiya sagamAsa // 850 // / zrIjinasenAcAryane 'harivaMzapugaNa' meM isIko saMskRta meM isaprakAra likhA hai:--'varSANA SaTzI tyaktvA pacAnA mAsapacaka / mukti gate mahAvIre zakarAjastato'bhavat // ' ina gAthAoM meM se kisImeM bhI zaka savatke calane yA usake "pravartakakA ullekha nahIM hai / ekamAtra yahI kahA gayA hai ki vIra nirvANase 605 varSa 5 mahIne pazcAt zaka gajA huaa| ataeva inase zakoMdvArA eka dUsare savatke calanekA patA nahIM cltaa|

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unDo vaikTriyana aura inDo pArthiyana raajy| [29 naye zaka maMvatakA astitva batalAnA kucha jIkA nahIM lgtaa| dUsarI zakavijayake upalakSame usakA calanA upayukta hai| dono hI vijaya zAtakarNI vaMzake rAjAoM dvArA bhAratarakSAkI mahAna vijaya thIMH isI kAraNa hindU janatAne donoM hI koMkA upayoga ekasAtha kiyA / hiMdU paNDitoMmeM vikrama saMvatke sAtha zaka sAlivAhana saMvat likhanekA eka rivAja hai aura yaha isa bAtakA. jaina gAthAoMkA pramANa hai ki donoM 'saMvatoMkA sambandha bhArazakarAjA nahapAna / tIya rAjAoMme thA na ki eka videzI . rAjAme bhI / jaina gAthAoMkA kagajA isa apekSA gaka zAlivAhana saMvatke pravartakase koI bhinna purupa honA cAhiye / vaha bhinna puruSa nahapAna thA / yaha bAta hama prathama khaNDa (pR0 162') meM likha cuke haiN| triloka prajJaptike ullekhAnusAra usakA samaya vIranirvANase 461 athavA 605 varSabAda honA pramANita hai| yadi vIra ni0se 461 varSa bAda usako mAnAjAya to usake honekA samaya I0 pUrva 84 (545-461) AtA hai| prAcIna zaka saMvatmeM nahapAnakA samaya ginanese vaha I0 pUrva 82 ke lagabhaga baiThatA hai / isa dazAmeM 'trilokaprajJapti', kA ukta mata tathyapUrNa pratibhASita hotA hai| kintu isa avasthAmeM nahapAnakA rAjyakAla jo 42 varSa batAyA jAtA hai, usameM bhumakakA rAjya kAla bhI sammilita samajhanA cAhiye / isa matakI sArthakatAko dekhate hue zaka rAjAko vIra ni0 se 605 varSe bAda mAnanA ThIka nahIM dikhtaa| mAlama hotA hai ki san 78 ko zoMke sambandhase 1-javimoso0 bhA0 16 pRSTha 250. - -

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Anu - - - - - 30] .. saMkSipta jana itihAsa / prasiddha huA jAnakara jainAcAryoMne ukta matakA bhI nirUpagA kara diyA / yaha bhrama uparokta do gaka -vijayAka kAraNa huA pratIta hotA hai / ata kahanA hogA ki jaina gAthAokA yaka ganA nahapAna hai jisake dvArA digavara Agama lipivaddha huA thaa| vAsudevake samayame kugana-sAmrAjyakI dagA vigaDa gaI thii| aphagAnistAna aura madhyAgiyAka dA sAmrAkuzana sAmrAjyakA jyase alaga hogae the| kahate haiM. isI kAlame ptn| bhAratame bar3I bhArI mahAmArI phailI thii|' jaina zAstrAme bhI isa mahAmArIkA ullekha milatA hai| mathurAme isakA bahuprakopa huA batalAyA jAtA hai| yahA sAta cAraNa RddhidhArI RSiyone Akara isa mahA-rogame nagarako mukta kiyA thaa| jaina madiroMme Ajataka ina mahAtmAoMkI pUjA -hotI hai| isa samaya mathurAme jaina dharmakA abhyudaya bhI khUba huA thaa| koI anumAna karatA hai ki rAjA vAsudeva bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI hogayA thaa| antataH ina videzI rAjAoMko guptavaMgake kSatriyoMne parAjita kiyA thA aura unakI jagaha apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| isa kAlame vidyA aura lalitakalAkI khUba unnati huI thii| kAtyAyana aura pAtaMjalike bhASya isI kAlame race gye| vyAkaraNakA vikAsa huA, caraka dvArA rasAyana aura vaidyaka zAstrakI acchI unnati huii| jainoMke vAGgamayakA uddhAra aura vaha lipivaddha bhI isI kAlame haa| yUnAnIyoM aura bhAratIyoMkA samparka bhI khUba bddh'aa| bhAratake 1-bhAi0 pR0 83. 2-saptaRSi pUjA dekho. 3-jaisibhA0 bhA0 1 ki0 4 pR0 116-124.

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samrAT khaarvel| [31 jyotiSiyoMne unase nakSatroMkI sthiti aura cAlake viSayameM bahuta kucha AdAna pradAna kiyA ! bhAgiMta, sAcI, amarAvatI aura mathurAke stUpa tathA khaMDagiri-udayagirikI guphAyeM ADi isa samayakI utkRSTa kalAke namUne haiN| isa samaya dezabharame sarvatra bar3I sundara aura vizAla imArateM banI thiiN| (2) rasamrATa shvaarkhel| (san 207-160 I0 pUrva) karmabhUmiko Adime zrI RSabhadevajIne bhAratako vividha prAMtoMmeM ___ vibhakta kiyA thaa| taba unhoMne vartamAnake kaliDakA oDIsA prAMtakA nAma 'kaliGga rakkhA thA ! aila cedivNsh| kaliGgake prathama samrAT RSabhadevajIke putroM __ meMme eka the / bhagavAna RSabhadevane kaivalya prApta karake jaba deza bharameM sarvatra vihAra kiyA thA, taba unakA samavazaraNa kaliGga dezame bhI pahuvA thA; jisake kAraNa jainadharmakA vahAMpara kAphI pracAra huA thaa| takAlIna kaliGgAdhipa jaina muni hogaye the / aura kaliGgakA zAsanabhAra unake putrane grahaNa kiyA thaa| pariNAmataH kaliGgame kogalakA yaha ikSvAka vaMza eka dIrgha kAlataka rAjya karatA rahA thA / ' harivaMza purANa' ke kathanase pragaTa hai ki uparAMta vIsaveM tIrthakara zrI munisuvratanAthajIke tIrtha meM kauzaladezameM harivaMzI rAjA dakSa rAjya karatA thaa| usakA putra 1-hari0 3 / 3-7 va 11:14-71.

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32] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / aileya aura eka kanyA manoharI nAmakI thii| rAjA dakSane apanI kanyAko patnI banAnekA duSkarma karaDAlA / aileya aura usakI mAtA ilA rAjA dakSase ruSTa hogaye aura kauzala dezako' choDakara anyatra cale gaye / Akhira aileyane tAmralipti nagarako sthApita kiyA aura vaha eka rAjA banagayA / rAjA aileyane bhAratako vijaya kiyA aura antame vaha muni hogyaa| inhIM aileyakI santatimeM eka rAjA abhicandra huaa| jisane vindhyAcalaparvatake pRSTa bhAgame cedirASTrakI sthApanA kI thI |bh0 ariSTanemike samaya arthAta mahAbhArata kAlameM harIvaMzI rAjakumAra jaratkumAra kaliGgarAjake jamAI the aura dvArikAke sAtha yaduvaMzIyoMke naSTa honepara jaratkumAra kaliGgarAjame jAkara rAjya karane lage the / phalata kaliGga harivaMzI kSatriyoMke zAsaname AgayA / ma0 mahAvIrake samayame bhI vahA harivaMzI jitazatru nAmake rAjA rAjya karate the| unake pazcAt kaligake rAjavaMzakA patA jaina zAstroMme nahIM miltaa| kintu jaina purANake ukta varNanakA samarthana kaliGgarAja aila khAravelake hAthIguphAvAle prasiddha lekhase hotA hai; jisame unheM gela cedivaMza' kA likhA hai aura unake pUrvapuruSakA nAma ' mahAmeghavAhana pragaTa kiyA hai| vidvAnoMne isa cedivaMzako dakSiNakauzalase kaliGgame AyA batalAyA hai| vastuta san 213 1-hari0 11-3-9va javimoso0bhA0 13 pR0 277-279 2-hari0 (kalakattA) pR0 623. 3-'ailacetirAjavasavadhanena'-javimoso0 bhA0 13 pRSTha 223. 4-This branch of the Chedis seems to have migrated ' into Orissa from Mahakosala.' , -JBORS III 482.

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samrAT khaarvel| [33 I0 pR0 meM kaugalapara 'megha' kulake rAjAokA adhikAra thA, jo balavAna aura kuzAgra buddhi the|' inhIM rAjAoMmeM meghavAhana rAjA the| saMbhavata. dakSiNakogalase Akara unhoMne hI 'aila cadivaMza' ke rAjyakI jaDa kaliGgameM jamAI thii| 'aila' vaha kauzalake prasiddha rAjA ailase sambandhita honeke kAraNa vidvAno dvArA anumAna kiyA gayA hai| ubara uparokta prakAra 'harivaMzapurANa' me spaSTataH cedirATrakI sthApanA rAjA aileyakI santati dvArA huI kahI gaI hai| cadirASTra ke saMsthApaka aura zAsaka honeke kAraNa hI uparAnta aileyakI harivaMzI santati 'cadivaMza' ke nAmase prasiddha hogaI aura usane apane mahAna sAhasI aura yazasvI pUrvaja aileyake nAmako bhulAyA nhiiN| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki kaliGgakA vaha rAjavaMza jisame samrATa khAravela huye, kaugalake harivaMzI rAnA ailya aura dakSiNakauzalake cedivaMgale sambandhita thaa| 'harivaMgapugaNa' se ukta prakAra bha0 mahAvIra athavA unake bAda taka harivaMgakA zAsana kaliGgame pramANita hai| hindU mAtrame bhI janmejaya rAmake uparAnta saba tI kSatriyoko kogala ailakA vaMgaja pragaTa * karate he aura kalijavaMgako 'mahAbhAratakAla' se calA AtA batAne he| usakA magadha samrAT nandavarddhana dvArA anta huA thaa| kaliGgarAja hataprabha hokara dakSiNakaugalameM jArahe aura uparAnta maurya-sAmrAjyake patana honepara unake caMgajone apanA adhikAra phirase kaliGgame jamA liyA ! 1-javimoso0, mA0 3 pR0 483-484. 2-javioso0, bhA0 3 pR0 434. + javimoso, bhA0 16 pR0 190.3-javiaMsI0, mA0 3 pR0 435.

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___34] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ataeva mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI kAgIprasAdajI jAyasavAlake zabdoMme yaha spaSTa hai ki kaliMgake samrATa yuvarAja khAravelakA 'khAravelake pUrva puruSakA nAma mahAmevavAhana rAjyAbhiSeka! aura vazakA nAma aila cadivaMza thaa|' mAlama hotA hai ki khAravelake pitAkA svargavAsa usa samaya hogayA thA jaba vaha lagabhaga solaha varSake the| prAcInakAlameM solaha varSakI avasthAme pumpa bAliga huA samajhA jAtA thaa| khAravela jaba solaha varSakI avasthAme vAliga hogaye no vaha yuvarAja padapara AsIna hokara rAjyagAsana karane lage the / usa samayataka unakA rAjyAbhiSeka nahIM huA thaa| prAcIna kAlmeM rAjyAbhiSeka 25 varSakI avasthAme hotA thaa| ata jaba paccIsa varSa ke huye to unakA mahArAjya abhiSeka huA thA aura vaha 'eka rAjAkI taraha rAjyazAsana karane lage the| jisa samaya khAravela rAjyasiMhAsanapara ArUDha huye usa samaya unakA rAjya kaliGgabharameM vistRta thA, jo vartamAnakA oDIsA prAta jitanA thaa| taba kaligakI prajAkI gaNanA bhI khAravelane karAI thI aura vaha 35 lAkha thI / jana samudAyakI gaNanA karAnekA rivAja mauryoke samaya sutarAM unase pahalese pracalita pragaTa hotA hai / azokake samayame hI kaligakI rAjadhAnI tosali thI / khAravelane bhI apanI rAjadhAnI vahIM kI thii| unhoMne koI navIna rAjadhAnI sthApita kI ho , yaha mAlama nahIM detA / unakI rAjadhAnIkA ullekha 'kaliGganagarI' ke nAmase huA hai| 1-nAgarIpracAriNI patrikA. bhA0 10 pR0 102.

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samrAT khaarvel| [35 rAjyasihAsanapara ArUDha honeke pahale varSameM khAravelane apanI rAjadhAnIkI marammata karAI thI; jisake parakhAravela rAjyakA koTA, daravAje aura imArate tUphAnase baravAda prathama varSa / hogaye the / isake sAtha hI unhone khibira RSike bar3e tAlAvakA pakkA vAdha vandhavAyA thaa| jisame ki prajAko pAnIkI takalIpha na rahe aura micAIkA kAma bhI bakhUbI cala nikale / khAravelane isI samaya kaI rAjodyAna bhI lagavAye the, aura apanI paitIsa lAkha prajAkI manastuSTi kI thI va vividha upAyoM dvArA usako prasanna kiyA thaa| sArAzataH rAjyasihAsanapara baiThane hI unhoMne apane kAryoMme yaha vizvAsa dilA diyA ki vaha eka prajA-hitaiSI rAjA hai| isa prakAra apane rAjyake prathama varSame rAjadhAnIkA punaruddhAra __ aura prajAko prasanna karake khAravelako apanA khAravelakI prathama sAmrAjya dUra dezoMtaka phailAnekI sudha aaii| digvijy| yaha bhI kisI lAlacase nahIM, balki dhArmika ___ bhAvame / vaha apane lekhameM svayaM kahate hai ki unakI dezavijayake sAtha2 dhArmika kArya hone the| unakA sabase pahalA AkramaNa pazcimIya bhAratapara huaa| usa samaya vahApara Andhra athavA sAtavAhanavaMgIya jAtakarNi prathamakA gAsanAdhikAra thaa| usakA prabhAva or3IsAkI pazcimIya sImAtaka vyApta thA aura dakSiName bhI usakA adhikAra thA ! khAravelane usake isa pratApakI jarA bhI paravA nahIM kii| saMbhavataH san 182 athavA 171 I0 pR0 ke lagabhaga unane kAzyapa kSatriyoM kI sahAyatAke liye zAtakarNipara AkramaNa kara

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / diyA / isa yuddhakA pariNAma yaha huA ki muzika kSatriyokI gajadhAnIpara khAravelane apanA adhikAra jamA liyA / yaha mugika kSatriya kaliGgaka nikaTa pradezame basanevAle dakSiNI loga mAne gaye hai| kAzyapa kSatrI dakSiNa kaugalake nivAsI the aura sabhavata gvAravalaka sambandhI the| zAtakarNi aura mupikoMse nivaTakara khAravela apanI vijayI caturaMgiNI menA sahita tosaliko lauTa Aye rAjadhAnIma utsava / aura vahA Akara unhoMne apanI prajAke citta __ raJjanArtha aneka prakArake utsava kiye the| nAcarana, gAdyavAdya aura prItibhoja tathA samAja bhI huye the / ina mahotsavAme prajAke liye yuddhakA saMtApa bhUla jAnA svAbhAvika thaa| apane rAjyake cauthe varSame khAravelane 'vidyAdhara AvAsa kA punaruddhAra kiyA pratIta hotA hai| isI varSa khAravelakA dUsarA AkramaNa phira pazcimIya bhAratapara huA aura abakI unhoMne gaSTrika eva bhojaka khAravelakA rASTrika kSatriyoMse bar3hakara kheta liyA / ye donoM rASTra aura bhojakapara zAtakarNike paDosI anumAna kiye gaye gaye hai| AkramaNa / vemahArASTra aura varArame rahate batAye hai| bhoja koMkA saMbhavata prajAtaMtra rAjya thaa| khAravelane ina kSatriyAke rAjAoMke chatra aura mirajhAra chInakara naSTa karadiye the aura unako bilakula parAjita kara diyA thaa| unako mukuTa vihIna banA diyA thaa| aura vaha apanI vijaya vaijayantI phaharAte hue sAnanda kaliGgako lauTa Aye the /

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samrAT khAravela / [ 37 kaliGgame vApasa Akara khAravelane phira jana sAdhAraNa ke hitakI sudha lii| unhoMne tanasutiya sthAnase eka nahara nikalavAkara apanI rAjadhAnIko tarasabja banA liyA / prajAko bhI isa naharase sicAIkA baDA subhItA huA / yaha nahara usa samaya se tIna sau varSa pahale nandarAjAke samaya meM banavAI gaI thI / usIkA punaruddhAra karake khAravela use apanI rAjadhAnI taka bar3hA lAye the | apane rAjya ke chaMTha varSameM unhone dukhI prANiyoMkI aneka prakAra se sahAyatA kI thI aura paura evaM jAnapada saMsthAoM ko agaNita adhikAra dekara prasanna kiyA thA / yaha nizcita rUpase nahIM kahA jAmaktA ki khAravelakA vivAha tanasutiya nahara va janapada saMsthA / va putra lAbha / kaba huA thA, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki unake khAravelakI rAniyAM do vivAha huye the / unako donoM rAniyoMke nAma zilAlekhameM milate hai / eka bajiragharavAlI kahI jAtI thI aura dUsarI siMhapathakI sidhuDA nAmaka thIM / vajiraghara aba madhyapradezakA vairAgar3ha hai / khAravelake samayame vahAMke kSatrI prasiddha the / unhIMkI rAjakumArIke sAtha khAravelakA vivAha huA thA / eka ur3iyA kAvyameM isa ghaTanAkA ullekha anokhI kalpanA kiyA gayA hai, jisameM rAjakumArIkI vIratAko khUba darzAyA gayA hai / inhIM vajiragharavAlI rAnIse khAravelako apane rAjyake sAtaveM varSa meM saMbhavataH eka putraratnakI prApti huI thI / ur3iyA kAvyase pragaTa hai ki khAravelane dakSiNa bhAratako bhI vijaya kiyA thA / khAravelake zilAlekhameM

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38 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | AkramaNa / khAravelakA magadhapara bhI ullekha haiM ki unhoMne pADya dezake rAjAoma bheTa prApta kI thI / ataeva yaha kahanA hogA ki khAravelane dakSiNApatha ( dakSiNa bhArata ) para apanA sikkA jamA liyA thA aura unhe eka mAtra uttarApatha (uttara bhArata ) ko vijaya karanA zeSa rahA thaa| usa samaya bhAratavarSa ke sAmrAjya- sihAsanapara car3hanekI kAmanA cAra AdamiyoMko thI / arthAt ( 1 ) magadhake zuMgavaMzIya brAhmaNa puppamitra. (2) AdhravaMzI zAtakaNi prathama, (3) aphagAnistAna aura vAlhIkakA yavana rAjA Dhametriya (Demeter100) aura (4) svaya khAravela / inase zAtakarNiko to khAravela parAsta kara cuke the / vasa. unake liye puSpamitra aura dametriyase bAjI lenA bAkI thA / puSpamitrane 'azvamedha' yajJa karake cakravartIpaTa pAyA thA / khAravelake samAna parAkramI aura dharmavatsala rAjAke liye yaha sahana karanA sugama nahIM thA ki unake jItejI eka anya rAjA ' cakravatI' kahalAye aura azvamedhAdime pazu hisA karatA rahe, jaba ki mauryakAlase ahisA dharmakI bhArata pradhAnatA rahI ho / ataeva khAravelane magadhapara dhAvA bola diyA / isI samaya dametriya paTanAko ghere huye thA / aura vaha bhArata - vijaya karanekI apanI kAmanAme prAya siddhArtha hocukA thA / kintu khAravela jyohI jhArakhaMDa-gayA se hote huye magadha pahuMce aura rAjagRha tathA gorathagiri ke durgoM se atimako sara kara liyA ki dametriya khAravelakI car3hAIkA hAla sunakara tathA apane khAsa rAjyame vidrohakA upadrava uThate dekha paTanA, sAketa, paMcAla Adi choDatA huA mathurA bhAgA aura madhya deza

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samrAT khAravela | [ 39 mAtra choDa vahAne nikala gayA / khAravela gorathagiriko vijaya karake vApasa kaliGga lauTa aaye| yaha ghaTanA unake rAjya ke sAtaveM varpame huI thI ! kaliGga lauTakara khAravelane apane rAjyake nave varSame khUba dAna-puNya kiyA / isa dAna puNyakA pUrA varNana to nahIM milatA. kintu yaha jJAta hai ki unhone monekA kalpavRkSa aura hAthI, ghoDe. ratha Adi aneka vastuaiM dAna kIM thiiN| isa dAna-karma meM unhone bANoko bhI saMtuSTa kiyA thA | arhat bhagavAnakA abhiSeka aura pUjA vizeSa samArohake sAtha kiye the / aDatAlIsa lAkha cAMdI ke sikkoMko kharca karake unhone prAcI nadIke donoM taToMpara eka 'mahAvijaya' nAmaka vizAla prAsAda banavAyA thaa| ukta prakAra dharmadhyAna aura jana-raJjaname eka varSa vyatIta karake khAravelane apane rAjyake dazaveM varSa meM khAravelakA bhAratapara 'bhAratavarSa' ( Upper India ) para dhAvA AkramaNa / bolA thA / isa AkramaName khAravelane kisa rAjAko parAjita kiyA, yaha to vidita nahIM, kintu yaha spaSTa hai ki vaha apane uddezyame saphala huye the / uparAnta kaliGga lauTakara unhoMne gyArahaveM varSameM apanese pahale huye eka duSTa rAjA dvArA nirmita rAjasihAsanako baDe2 gadhose jute huye haloMko calavAkara naSTa karA diyA aura tabase 113 varSa pahalekI banI usakI tAmramUrtike TUka- Traka karA diye ! mAlUma hotA hai ki ukta duSTa rAjAne jaina dharmakI aprabhAvanA kI thI / isIliye unake cinhoM ko rahane denA khAravelane ucita nahIM samajhA thA / 1 khAravelakA dAna va arhat-pUjA |

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40] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| gogyagiriko jInakara jaba khAravela magadhane lauTakara Aye, no vahAka vRddha zAsaka puSyamitrane magadhakI magadhapara AkramaNa va rakSAkA vigepa pravadha kiyA / ' apane lar3akoM mahAna vijaya / nAga unhoMne rAjya sthApita kiyA arthAt svaya samrAT na hue, uparAjAo yA gavarnaroM dvArA mulka aura varmaka nAmame svaya apaneko sirpha menApati kahane huye rAjya karane lage / magadhamA prAnika zAsaka puSyamitrake ATha beToMmese eka arthAt bRhaspatibhitra niyukta huaa| pupyamitrane phirase azvamedha manAyA ! mAlama hotA he ki khAravelako yaha sahana na huaa| usapara unheM magadha vijaya karake ' cakravartI pada pAnA graMpa thA / isa liye apane pahale AkramaNase cAra varSa bAda hI unhoMne phira AkramaNa kara diyaa| uttarApathake rAjAoMko jItate huye vaha magadhame jA nikale / himAlayakI talahaTI 2 vaha ThIka magadhakI gajavAnIke sAmane jA pahuce the / gagAko unhoMne kaliGgake baDe 2 hAthiyoM ke sahAre pAra kara liyA thA / isa mArgame unheM sona nadIke bhayAnaka dala-daloMkA kaSTa nahIM uThAnA par3A thA / phalata vaha pATaliputrame dAkhila hogaye aura nandoMke samayake prakhyAt rAjamahala * sugana' ke sAmane jA DaTe the / bRhaspatimitra khAravelakI parAkramI senAke sammukha Tika na skaa| khAravelane usase apane pairokI vandanA karAI / nadarAjA dvArA lAI gaI jina mUrtiyA ve magadhase vApasa kaliGga legaye tathA magadhake togakakhAnese aga magadhaka ratna pratihAroM sameta uThA legaye / vastuta khAravelakI yaha mahA vijaya thI aura isake upalakSame kaliga lauTakara khAravelane jainadharmakA eka mahA dharmA

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samrAT khaarvel| nuSThAna kiyA thaa| kiMtu khAravelake isa parAkrama, cAturya aura raNakaugalako dekhakara Dhaga raha jAnA paDatA hai| eka hI varSameM vaha kaliGgase calakara uttara bhAratake rAjAoMko jItate huye magadha jA pahuMcate hai aura vahAke rAjAko parAsta kara DAlate hai ! unakA yaha kArya ThIka nepoliyanake daGgakA hai ! isa mahAvijayake sAtha hI khAravelako sudUra dakSiNake pANDya dezake narezame bahumUlya ratna, hAthiyoMko le pAMDyadezake nare- jAnevAle jahAja Adi padArtha bheMTame mile zakI bhett| the| yaha padArtha adbhuta aura alaukika the| mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelakI pANDyanaregame mitratA zrI ! isa prakAra sAmrAjya vistArake ina prayatnoMkA 'phala yaha huA ki kaliGgakA sAmrAjya bar3ha gyaa| tathApi usa samayake prasiddha rAjya magadhapara apanA adhikAra jamAkara khAravelane apane Apako samagra bhAratameM sarvopari gAsaka pramANita kara diyaa| vaha bhAratavarSake samrATa hoge| __ yahA yaha dRSTavya hai ki usa samaya kaliMgakI gaNanA bhArata varSameM nahIM hotI thii| isa kAlake do zatAtatkAlIna dshaa| di bAda samagra bhAratakA ullekha 'bhAratavarSe ke nAmame hone lagA thaa| jainadharmakA isa samaya bahu pracAra thA / maurya sAmrAjyake naSTa honeke pazcAt avazya hI jainadharmakI prabhA zithila hogaI thii| zuGgavaMza evaM dakSiNake sAtavAhana vaMza brAhmaNa dharmAnuyAyI the| unake dvArA vaidika dharmako uttejanA milI thI aura azvamedhAdi yajJa bhI hue the| kintu khAra

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42] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / velane jainadharmakI isa hInaprabhAko dyutimAn vanA diyA / jaina dharmakA punaruddhAra hogayA / kaligame to vaha bahuta dino pahalese rASTrIya varma horahA thaa| kintu jaina dharmako usa samaya taka kevala eka darzana siddhAnta mAnanA kucha jIko nahIM lagatA / brAhmaNa varNa jaina dharmameM bhI hai / ata jina brAhmaNoMko khAravelane bhojana karAyA thA unakA jaina honA bahuta kucha saMbhava hai| kalpavRkSa jainagAtrome manavAchita phalako pradAna karanevAle mAne gae hai / khAravela bhI apanI prajAke liye kalpavRkSake samAna saba kucha pradAna karake mahAn udAra aura prajAvatsala bananA cAhatA thaa| isIliye unhone kalpavRkSakA. dAna kiyA thA / karuNAbhAvase saba prANiyoko dAna denA jaina dharma ucita batalAtA hai / jaina zAstroMme kSatrI sAdhuokA vizeSa ullekha. milatA hai| khAravelake samaya vaha eka prakhyAt sAdhu samudAya horahA. thaa| khAravela jainadharmAvalambI thA, parantu vaidika vidhAnAnusAra usakA mahArAjyAbhiSeka huA aura usane rAjasUya-yaja bhI kiyA thA / isase yaha bilkula spaSTa hai ki taba jaina dharmame sAmpradAyika kaTTaratA itanI nahIM thI ki vaha prAcIna rASTrIya niyamoMke pAlaname bAdhaka hotaa| khAravela prajAhitaiSI rAjA the| vaha nahIM cAhate the ki vaha eka svAdhIna rAjAkI taraha zAsana kareM aura / khAravelakA rAjya prajAko parAdhInatAkA kaTu anubhava cakhane deN| / prbNdh| isIliye unhoMne 'janapada' aura 'paura' saMsthAyeM sthApita kI thiiN| yaha saMsthAyeM AjakalakI myUnsipala aura DisTrikTa borDoke samAna thiiN| 'paura' saMsthA pura athavA rAjadhAnIkI saMsthA thii| jisake parAmarzase vahAkA zAsana

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samrAT khaarvel| [43 hotA thaa| janapada grAmINa janatAkI dyotaka hai, jinakI saMsthA 'janapada' kahalAtI thii| una logoMkA zAsana-prabaMdha usake dvArA hotA thaa| isa prakAra khAravelane janatAko zAsana pravandhame sammilita kara rakkhA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki khAravelake kaliGgase bAhara laDAiyome vyasta rahanepara bhI rAjyazAsana samucita rItise cAla rahA thaa| kaliGgatara rASTrose udoMne sAma, daNDa aura saMdhi nItiyoM ke anusAra vyavahAra kiyA thaa| khAravelake hAthome rAjyakI bAgaDora choTI umrame AI thii| vaha bhI usa nanhIM umrase eka Adarza rAjA khAravelakA rAjanaitika bana gaye the| krodha aura atyAcAra to khArajIvana / belake nikaTa chUtaka nahIM gayA thaa| vaha eka janmajAta yoddhA aura dakSa senApati hote hue bhI eka Adarza nRpa the| unhone apanI prajAko prasanna rakkhA thA; jisakA ulekha unane apane zilAlekhameM bar3e garvake sAtha kiyA hai / gvAravela apanese pahaleke rAjAoM aura pUrvajokA Adara karane the / isa dRSTime khAravela azokase bAjI lejAte hai, kyoMki agokane apane pUrvajokA ullekha kevala apanI mahattA pragaTa karaneke liye kiyA hai| khAravelake samayameM vAstu vidyAkI unnatiko uttejanA milI thii| usane svaya baDe 2 mahala, maMdira aura sArvajanika saMsthAoMke bhavya bhavana nirmApita karAye the / unake dvArA lalitakalAkI bhI vizeSa unnati huI thii| pUrNa dakSa kArIgaroM dvArA unane sundara paccIkArI aura nakkAsIke staMbha canavAye the| sacamuca jaba 2 vaha digvijayase aNDA phaharAte hue lauTate the, taba 2 vaha apane rAjyameM

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44] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pranA hita aura dharma sabadhI aneka sukArya karate the aura maMdira Adi banavAte the / isa vAtakA spaSTa pratighopa unhoMne apane lekhake prAraMbha (pakti 2 ) me kara diyA hai| unake rAjyakAlame kaliGgakI dhanasaMpadA bhI khUba baDhI thI , kyoki samagra bhAratame unhoMne bahumUlya sampatti ikaTThI kI thii| isa samRddhizAlI DhagAme kaliGga avazya hI rAmarAjyakA upabhoga kara rahA thA aura usake AnandakI mImAkA vArApAra na thA / usakA pratApa samasta bhAratavarSame nyApta thaa| khAravelane prajAke mana bahalAyake liye saMgIta aura bAjegAjekA bhI prabandha kiyA thaa| yadyapi khAravala jaina the, parantu unhoMne jainetara dharmokA Adara kiyA thaa| unakA vyavahAra anya pApaNDoMke prati udAra thA aura yaha rAjaninikI dRSTise unake liye ucita hI thA / isa ora unhone kucha agoMme agokakA anukaraNa kiyA thaa| ataeva ina saba bAtoko dekhane huye samrATa khAravela eka mahAn prajAvatsala aura kartavyaparAyaNa gajA pramANita hone hai| zilAlekhame khAravelako aila mahArAja, mahAmeghavAhana ceti rAjavaMzavarddhana khAravela zrI-(kSAravela) likhA hai tathA unakA ullekha 'kSemarAja, vaddharAja, bhikSurAja aura dharmarAja' rUpame bhI huA hai| antima ullekhase khAravelake sukRtyoMkA khAsA patA calatA hai| unhoMne prajAme, dezame aura samagra bhAratame kSemakI sthApanA kI. isaliye vaha kSemagaja the| sAmrAjya evaM dharma-mArgakI unhone vRddhi kI isa kAraNa unako varddharAja mAnanA bhI ThIka hai| bhikSuo-zramaNoMke liye unhoMne dharmavRddhi karaneke sAdhana juTA diye, isa avasthAme unakA 'bhikSurAja' rUpame ullekha honA kucha anucita nahIM hai| antata varmarAja to vaha

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samrAt khAravela | [ 45 the hI dharmake liye unhoMne aneka kArya kiya-dAna puNya kiye. bhavya maMdira banavAye aura dharmake liye laDAiyA bhI ldd'iiN| magadhakI laDAI laDakara vaha RSabhadevakI divya mUrti kaliGga lAye / unakI rAnIne unako kaliGga cakravartI kahA hai / khAravela ke pandraha varSa kumAra krIDAmeM vyatIta huye the / unheM solahaveM varSame yuvarAja pada milA thA. yaha kAlameM unhone prApta kI thI / ( paMkti 2) ki khAravelane rAjanaitika daNDavidhAna ( nw) aura dharmatatvakA sucAru jJAna prApta kiyA thA / vaha saba hI vidyAoMmeM pAraMgata the / khAravela dekhane me prabhAvAna aura sundara the| unake zarIrakA raMga bilakula gorA nahIM thA / vaha prazasta aura zubha lakSaNose yukta thA, jinakA prakAza cAro dizAoM meM phaila rahA thA ( caturaMta luMThati ) / bAlyAvasthAmeM vaha rAjakumAra varddhamAna sahA batAye gaye hai / aura 1 samrAT veNakI taraha unheM eka vijayI samrAT likhA gayA hai| vastutaH khAravelakA gArhasthya jIvana bhI rASTrIya jIvanake samAna unnata aura sukhamaya thaa| ve apanI donoM rAniyoMke sAtha dharma, artha, aura kAma puruSArthIkA samucita upabhoga kara rahe the / bajiragharavAlI rAnI unakI agramahapi ( paTarAnI ) thiiN| dUsarI rAnI siMdhuDA saMbhavataH rAjA lAlakasakI putrI thIM, jo hathI sahasa ke pautra the / ina rAnIke nAmapara hAthIguphAke pAsa eka 'giriguhA' nAmaka prAsAda banAyA gayA thA / ise aba rAnI naura kahate hai / ina rAniyoMkA khAravelke samAna unnata -- khAravelakA gArhasthya likhA jAcukA hai| kumAra jIvana / vidyA aura kalAme dakSatA zilAlekha meM likhA hai

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46] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mamA aura dharmAtmA honA svAbhAvika hai / ve premAlu zrI, udAra thIM aura zIlasampannA thiiN| unhone bhI bhavya jinamadiroMko vanavAyA thA ! khAgvelako una ganiyome kitanI saMtAna pAnekA saubhAgya prApta huA, yaha kahA nahIM jAsakatA / kitu vaha unake samAna suyonya saha dharmiNiyoMko pAkara eka Adarza zrAdaka bane the. isame saMzaya nahIM / vajiggharavAlI rAnIke kokhame jo putra huA thA, vahI saMbhavata khAravelake bAda kaliGgakA rAjA huA thaa| khAravelakA dhArmika jIvana anUThA thaa| jaba vaha apanI digvi. jaya pUrNa kara cuke aura sAre bhAratavarSame unakI khAravelake jainadharma dhAka jama gaI, taba unhoMne vizeSa rItise prabhAvanAke kaary| dharmAnuSThAnake kArya kiye the| yaha unake rAjyake terahaveM varSa arthAt san 170 I0 pU0kI bAta hai| samrAT khAravela kumArI parvata (udayagiri) ke arhat maMdirameM jAkara vizepa bhakti aura vrata upavAsa karaneme uttacitta huye the| isa prakAra vrata aura upavAsame lIna honekA phala yaha huA thA ki vaha apane bhavabhramaNako naSTa karaneke nikaTa pahuMca gaye the, kSINasasRta huye the| zrAvakoMke vratokA pAlana unhoMne sapha latApUrvaka kara liyA thA (rt-uvaas-khaarvel-sirinaa)| phalataH ' unheM jIva aura dehakI bhinnatAkA pratyakSa anubhava hogayA thaa| bheda. vijJAnako unhoMne pAliyA thA aura yaha saMsArakA nAza karaneke liye paryApta hai / ataeva samrAT khAravelako jo dharmarAja aura bhikSurAja kahA gayA hai, vaha bilakula ThIka hai / kumArI parvata saMbhavataH bhagavAna

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samrAT khaarvel| 47 mahAvIrajIke samavazaraNase pavitra hocukA thA, kyoMki bhagavAnake samo zaraNakA kaligameM AnekA ullekha jainazAmromeM milatA hai tathA khAravelake zilAlekhameM spaSTa kahA hai ki (paMkti 14) isa parvataparase jaina dharmakA pracAra huA thaa| isa hI parvatapara khAravela aura unakI rAnIne aneka maMdira va vihAra banavAye the| uname cAro orase jaina zramaNa aura vidvAn ekatrita hokara dharmArAdhana karate the| vahApara khAravelane sundara saMgamaramarake pASANa staMbha banavAye the, jinameM ghaMTA lage huye the| aise staMbha madhyakAlake bane huye nepAlame Aja bhI dekhaneko milate hai / isa prakAra samrAT khAravelake sukAryose usa samaya khUba hI dharmaprabhAvanA huI thii| jainadharmakA pracAra RSiyoMdvArA digantavyApI huA thaa| mAlUma hotA hai ki khAravelane koI dhArmika mahotsava karAyA thA, kyoMki zilAlekhameM kahA gayA hai (paMkti 16) ki samrAT khAravelane 'kalyANako' ko dekhane, sunane aura unakA anubhava prApta karaneme jIvana yApana kiyA thaa| ('dhamarAjA pasaMto suNato anubhavato kalANAni') yaha mahotsava Ajakalake vimvapratiSThAoMke samaya honevAle paMca-kalyANakoM ke samAna hI hote the, yaha kahA nahIM jaasttaa| khAravela dvArA nirmita guphAoMkA mUlya atyadhika hai| uname bhagavAna pArzvanAthanIkI jIvanalIlA sambaMdhI citra darzanIya hai| zilAlekhameM 'arkAsana' nAmaka guphAke vanavAnekA ullekha hai| ye saba guphAyeM suMdara aura darzanIya hai| yUM to khAravelake sukRtyoMse jaina dhamakI vizeSa unnati huI hI thI, kintu unake sadaprayalase jo dvAdazAGga

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48] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | / jinavANIkA uddhAra | vANIke punaruddhArakA udyoga huA thA. vaha vizeSa ullekhanIya hai. unake zilAlekhame (pakti 16 ) spaSTa ullekha hai ki khAravelake samayame dvAdazAGgavANI lupta huI mAnI jAtI thI / samrAT khAravelane usakA yathAsAdhya uddAra kiyA thA / unhoMne jaina RpiyoMkA eka saMgha ekatrita kiyA thA aura usake dvArA isa uddhArakA sadprayAsa huA thA / mi0 jAyasavAlane likhake isa azakA yaha artha prasTa kiyA hai ki " maurya rAjA ke samaya jo 64 vibhAgAMkA caturyAma aGga saptika lupta hogayA thA, usakA uddhAra khAravelane kiyA / " isakA bhAva spaSTa nahIM hai, kintu mi0 jAyasavAla isakA puna adhyayana karake khulAmA prakaTa karanevAle hai / kucha bhI ho. isa gilAlekhIya ullekha niga mvara jainoMkI mAnyatAkA samarthana hotA hai / digambara jainokA vizvAsa hai ki dvAdazAGgavANIkA viccheda zrutakevalI bhadrabAhujIka sAtha hogayA thA aura unake bAda vizAkha, proSThila, kSatriya, jaya nAga, siddhArthadhRtisena, vijaya buddhila, gaMgadeva aura sudharma ye gyAraha AcArya kevala dazapUrvake dhArI ekake bAda eka 183 varSame hue the / ataeva candragupta morya ke samaya naSTa huA agajJAna 183 varSa vADha taka kevala dazapUrvarUpame kizcit zepa rahA thA / ina dazapRrvIrthoke uparAnta nakSatra, jayapAla, pANDu, dhruvasena aura kaMsa nAmaka pAca AcArya gyAraha agoke dhAraka 220 varSame huye the / ina gyAraha ago arthAt aMgajJAnake dhArakokA astitva taba hI sabhava hai jaba mauryyarAjAse 183 varSake antarAlakAlame unakA punaruddhAra huA ho / samrAT khAravelakA ukta kArya isa antarAla

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samrAT khAravela / [ 49 kAlameM huA prakaTa hotA hai, kyoMki jaina paTTAvaliyoMke anusAra bhadrabAhujIse 183 varSoMmeM huye dazapUrvIyokA antima samaya san 200 I0 pU0 ThaharatA hai aura isa samaya khAravela vidyamAna the / isa dazA meM kahanA hogA ki khAravelake zubha prayatna se lupta - prAyaH aGgagrantha punaH upalabdha huye the / samagra bhAratake RSi kumArI parvata para ekatra huye the aura vahA jina2ko jisara aGgakA jitanA jJAna thA, usako prakaTa kiyA thA aura isa prakArake sahayogase aGgajJAnakA uddhAra hogyaa| sAtha hI isa ullekhase samrAT khAravelakA prAcIna nigraithasaMghakA popaka honA pramANita hai / yaha likhA jAcukA hai ki zrutakevalI bhadrabAhujIke bAdase hI jaina saMghameM bheda upasthita hogayA. thA. jo IsavI prathama zatAbdimeM pUrNa vyakta huA thA / sacamuca kaliGgameM usa jaina dharmakA pracAra thA jisameM samrAT caMdragupta mauyyake samayameM AcArya sthUlabhadrakI adhyakSatAmeM ekatra huye jaina saMghake dvArA svIkRta aGga jJAnako svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA thA / (haoN jai0 pR0 70-72 va javioso 0 bhA0 13 pR0 236 ) samrAT khAravelakA hAthI guphAvAlA zilAlekha bhAratIya itihAsake liye bar3e mahatvakA hai / vedazrIke khAravelakA zilAlekha | nAnAghATavAle zilAlekhake bAda prAcInatAmeM isIko dUsarA naMbara prApta hai / yaha karIba 15 phITa 1 iMca laMbA aura 5 // phITa caur3A hai aura 17 paMktiyoMmeM vibhakta hai / isakI bhASA eka aisI prAkRta hai, jo apabhraMza prAkRta, ardhamAgadhI aura pAlIme milatI julatI hai tathA usameM jaina prAkRta zabda bhI hai / lipi uttarIya brAhmI hai; jise J

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50] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vulhara sA0 san 160 I0pU0 itanI prAcIna mAnate hai / zilAlekhame kula cAra cinha hai| inamese prathama paktike prArambhame,jo he, vaha-(1) svastikA aura (2) varddhamaMgala hai| tIsarA cinha 'naMdipada' bhI prathama paMktime hai, parantu vaha khAravelake nAmake ThIka bAdame aMkita hai / yaha cinha azokake jADagaDhake lekha evaM sikoM Adime bhI milatA hai / cauthA kalpavRkSa lekhake aMtame hai| aise hI cinha udayagirikI siMha aura vaikuNTha nAmaka guphAoMme hai / yaha zilAlekha san 170 I0pU0ke samaya kisI aise vyakti dvArA likhA gayA pragaTa hotA hai, jo khAravelase vayame vaDA thaa| aura jisako unakA paricaya vAlyakAlase thaa| mi0 jAyasavAlane pahale isa lekhame (paMkti 16) mauryA vdakA ullekha huA anumAna kiyA thA kiMtu nndaabd| unakA yaha anumAna ThIka na nikalA aura unhoMne isa paktiko phirase par3hA hai evaM isakA artha jaina vAgamayakA uddhAra karanA pragaTa kiyA hai, isa prakAra yadyapi mauryAndakA koI ullekha isa lekhame nahIM hai, kitu nandoMke eka abdakA ullekha (paMkti 6) avazya hai / vidvAna loga isa nanda andako naMdavarddhana dvArA pracalita kiyA gayA pramANita karate hai| vaha kahate hai ki nandavarddhanakA rAjya I0pU0 san 457 se prArambha huA thA aura san 458 I0 pU0se unakA abda prArambha huA thaa| san 1030 ke samaya jaba alarunI bhAratame AyA thA taba yaha naMdAbda mathurA aura kanaujame bahu pracalina thA / (javioso0, bhA0 13 pR0 237-241)

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samrAT khAravela | [ 51 khAravelake isa zilAlekhase kaliGgameM jaina dharmakA astitva bahuta prAcIna siddha hotA hai| hama dekha cuke kaliGgameM jainadharma | hai ki jaina zAstroMmeM to use jainadharmase saMbandhita bhagavAna RSabhadevake samaya se batAyA gayA hai / phalata: kaliGgameM jisa prAcIna kAlame jainadharmakA samparka jaina zAstra pragaTa karate hai, usakA samarthana isa lekhase hotA hai / 'paMkti 12 meM spaSTa ullekha hai ki nandarAja kaliGga vijayake samayameM ratnoM va anya bahumUlya padArthoMke sAtha jina bhagavAnakI eka mUrti bhI gaye the / khAravelane jaba aGga aura magadhapara apanA adhikAra jamA liyA thA, taba vaha isa mUrtiko vApisa kaliGga leAye the / isa ullekhase nandarAjAkA jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA pramANita hai tathA yaha bhI siddha hai ki or3IsAse jainadharmakA samparka svayaM bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayameM thA / jaina mUrtiyA bhI usa samaya arthAt san 450 I0 pU0 ke pahalese banane lagI thI / isa AdhArase mi0 jAyasavAla kahate hai ki java oDIsAmeM san 450 I0 pU0 ke pahalese jainadharma AgayA thA aura jaina mUrtiyAM banane lagIM thIM; taba mahAvIra nirvANa san 545 I0 pU0 mAnanA hI ThIka hai, jaise vaha pramANita kara cuke haiM / (jIvaoso0 bhA0 150 99-105) ukta zIlAlekhameM san 170 I0 pU0 taka jo 2 bAteM khAravela ke rAjyameM huI thIM, unakA barNana khAravelakA atima jIvana hai| isake uparAta aisA koI nizcayAtmaka aura unake uttarAdhikArI / sAdhana prApta nahIM hai, jisase khAravelake aMtima jIvanakA patA calasake / isa samaya

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52] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / khAravelakI Ayu karIva 37 varSakI thii| khAravela jaise parAkramI vIra avazya hI isa samaya hRSTapRSTa hoMge / ata. unakA san 170 I0 pU0se aura 10-20 varSa aura rAjya karanA bahuta kucha sabhava hai| hamAre vicArase jaba khAravelake suputrakI avasthA 24 varSakI hogaI tava san 152 I0 pU0 me khAravelakA rAjya kAryase vilaga hojAnA prAkRta susaMgata hai| isa samaya vaha vRddha hocale the aura yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki unhoMne jina dIkSA grahaNa karalI ho| jo ho, mi0 jAyasavAla jo unakA svarga vAsa kAla san 169-152 I0 pU0 me mAnate hai, vaha ThIka hai / khAravelake uttarAdhikArI unake suputra huye the| saMbhavata unhIMkA ullekha khaMDagirIkI eka guphAke zilAlekhame hai| usame unako kaliGgAdhipatakudepa zrI khara mahAmeghavAhana likhA hai / jabioso0 bhA03 pR0 505) yaha bhI jainadharmAnuyAyI the| khAravelake bAda kaliGgake isa prasiddha rAjavaMzakA kucha patA nahIM calatA, kintu bhuvanezvarake eka saMskRta khAravelakA vaMza garda- graMthame mauryoke pazcAt jisa rAjavaMzane kalibhilla vaMza hai| jhame rAjya kiyA thA, usakA paricaya 'bhila' vaMzake nAmase diyA hai| isa vaMzame kala sAta rAjA huye the, jinake nAma kramAnusAra isa prakAra hai:-(1) aira mila, (2) khara mila, (3) sura mila, (4) nara bhila, (5) dara bhila, (6) sara mila aura (7) khara mila dvitIya / ukta granthameM jo samaya isa vaMgake rAjyakAlakA diyA hai usase patA calatA hai ki I0 pU0 89 me isa vaMzakA aMta hogayA thaa| vidvAna loga isa vaMzako khAravelase sambandhita batalAte hai tathA ukta rAjAoMme naM0

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samrAT khAravela / [ 53 2 ke rAjAko khAravela batalAte hai / ' hindU purANoMmeM AndhavaMgI rAjAoMke samasAmayika rAjavaMzoMme eka 'gardabhila' bhI batAyA gayA hai, jisake kula sAta rAjA the / khAravela zAtakarNi prathamakA samakAlIna thA aura kaliMgameM mauryoke bAda unake vaMzane hI rAjya kiyA thA / ataeva ukta bhilavaMza athavA gardabhilavaMzako khAravelake rAjavaMzakA dyotaka mAnanA ucita hai / mama0 jAyasavAla isa zavdakI utpatti khAravela nAmase ThaharAte hai / khAravelase kharavela huA, khara aura gardabha saMskRtame paryAyavAcI eka hI arthake zabda hai / aura vela zabda bhillameM palaTa diyA gayA / isa rUpameM kharavelase ' gardabhilla yA 'garda bhila' zavda bana gayA / jinasenAcAryane inhIM rAjAoMkA ullekha rAsabha rAjAoMke nAmase kiyA hai| , 3 4 isa vaMzake aMtima rAjA khara bhila dvitIya (kharavela dvitIya) hI ujjaina ke gardabhilla anumAna kiye gaye haiM kyoMki donoMkA samaya eka hai aura vaha vikramAditya ke zvasura the / vikramAditya garda bhillakA uttarAdhikArI mAnA hI jAtA hai| kAlkAcAryane isI gardabhilla vaMzake viruddha zakoMko bhejA thA / ataH isa ullekhase khAravelake rAjavaMzakA rAjya usake bAda pAMca pIr3iyoM taka rahA pramANita hotA hai / 'prAcI' mahAtmya' nAmaka pustakameM eka citra nAmaka vyaktikA varNana hai / vidvajjana usako khAravelakA dAdA anumAna karate haiM / usakI patnI 1 - javiooso0 bhA0 160 199 - 196 / 2 - javiooso0, bhA0 16 pR0 303 / 3 - javiooso0 bhA0 1650 306-3071 4 - javiooso0 bhA0 16 pR0 305 / ,

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54] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / brAhmaNavarNakI thI aura usake putra usake jIvanakAlame hI svargavAsI hogaye the| phalata. usake pautrakA nanhA vAlaka honA ucita hai| khAravelake zilAlekhase yaha prakaTa hI hai ki bAla avasthAse hI kaliMgarAjyakA bhAra unapara AgayA thaa| uparokta pustakoMke atirikta uDiyAke " madala pani " (Madal Panji) nAmaka granthame bhI uDiyA granthoMmeM khAravelakA varNana bhoja nAmase huA anumAna khaarvel| kiyA jAtA hai| isa granthase rAjA bhojake rAjyakA prArambha I0 pUrva 194se pramANita hotA hai aura khAravela I0 pUrva 192 me yuvarAja hue the| saMbhavata. bhoja nAmakI prasiddhike kAraNa athavA khAravelake viruddha bhikSurAjake apabhraMza (bhojarAja) ke rUpame yaha nAma ukta granthameM khAravelake liye likhA gayA hai| ukta granthase pragaTa hai ki khAravela eka vIra, parAkramI, udAra, nyAyazIla aura dayAlu rAjA the| unake daravArameM 750 prasiddha kavi the, jiname mukhya kAlIdAsa the| unake race huye / canaka aura mahAnATaka nAmaka grantha the| mahAnATakakA pracAra kahIra aba bhI oDIsAme milatA hai / khAravelake dvArA nAvoM, caroM aura gAr3iyoMkA pracAra pahale2 kalijhame huA thaa| unhoMne sAre bhAratavarSapara vijaya prApta kI thii| saba hI rAjAoMko apanA karada banA liyA thaa| sindhu dezake yavanoMko bhI khAravelane mAra bhagAyA thaa| ' sAralA mahAbhArata' nAmaka uDiyA kAvyame bhI khAravelakA varNana 1-javioso0, bhA0 16 pR0 194-196 / 2-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 211-215 /

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samrAT khaarvel| milatA hai / usase pragaTa hai ki khAravelake pahale kaliGgame bauddha rAjA the| khAravelane brAhmaNoMko sAtha lekara unheM mAra bhagAyA aura Apa svayaM vahAMke rAjA bana gaye / mahAn senA lekara unhone digvijayakI aura vaha sArvabhauma samrAT hogaye / vaha bhIma kAlavera vIra cakravartI kahalAte the| antameM unhoMne apane dharmaguruke kahanese rAjyakA tyAga kara diyA-viSNu-kara (khara) ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta karake vaha vanameM jAkara tapasyA karane lge| zilAlekhame unake rAjyake 13 varSake uparAMta koI varNana nahIM hai| isakA kAraNa yahI hai ki thor3e samaya pazcAt hI vaha muni hogaye the / ukta granthoMse bhI unakA jainI honA siddha hai| vaha zrAvakake vratokA abhyAsa pahale hI karane lage the| antame unakA muni hojAnA svAbhAvika thaa| IsvI prathama zatAbdime kaliga AMdhravaMzake rAjAoMke adhikArame aagyaa| usapara bhI jainadharmakA astitva vahA 11-12 vIM zatAbditaka khUba rahA thA; kintu uparAnta musalamAnoMke AkramaNoM evaM jainetara saMpradAyoMke prAvalyase vahAM jaina dharmakA prAyaH abhAva ho gyaa| itanepara bhI Aja vahA hajAroMkI saMkhyA meM 'sarAka' (zrAvaka) loga maujUda haiM, jo prAcIna jainI hai, parantu apaneko bhUle huye hai| unako punaH jaina dharmameM lAnekA udyoga horahA hai| sAtavIM zatAbdimeM jaba cInI yAtrI huenasAMga yahA AyA thA, tava bhI use kaliMgameM jaina dharma unnatAvasthAmeM milA thaa|' 1-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 199-203 / 2-30 vi0 smA0 pR087-881

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| saMkSipta saMvadavAra vivaraNa:san IsavI pUrva 225 kaliMgame caDhivaMza aura dakSiNameM sAtavAhana rAjyakA udy| 207 khAravelakA janma 192 khAravelako yuvarAjapada prApta huA; 288 puSyamitrakA rAjyArohaNa; 183 khAravelako rAjya-prAptiH 982 zAtakarNi prathama rAjya karane aura khAravelakA AkramaNa; 179 khAravelakA rASTrika va bhojaka kSatriyoMpara vijaya pAnA; 278 tanasuliya-bATa naharakA rAjadhAnIme lAnA; 177 khAravelane samrATpada grahaNa kiyAH mahArAjAbhiSeka va rAjasUya yajJa huA; 276 saMbhavata. khAravelako rAjakumArakI prApti 175 gorathagirikI lar3AI,damaviya (DimiTriyasa)kA mathurA chodd'jaanaa| 173 khAravelakA utarApathapara AkramaNa; 172 khAravela dvArA kaliMgameM jaina pUjAkA sudhAra; 171 pupyamitrakI parAjaya; 170 khAravelakA kumArI parvatapara vrata upacAma karanA aura maMdirAdi vana vAnA;jaina saMgha ekatra honA aura jaina vAMgamayakA uddhAra kraanaa| (saMbhavataH zilAlekha bhI isI varSameM utkIrNa karAyA gayA thaa|) 169-152 saMbhavataH khAravelakA dehAvasAna huaa| 152 yupyamitrakI mRtyu !

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amam NAVANAVVNNNNN anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [57 (3) nyj haajii jh jaal sth| digambara-zvetAMbara-bheda; upajAtiyoMkI utptti| (san 100 I0 pU0-san 200 I0) IsavIkI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM sutarAM usase bhI kiMcit paha lekA bhAratIya itihAsa andhakArApanna hai| tatkAlIna jaindhrm| usa samayakA kucha bhI ThIka patA nahIM cltaa| taubhI jo kucha bhI paricaya prApta hai, usake AdhArase yahApara isa kAlameM jainadharmake astitvakA jJAna karAyA jAtA hai / zaka aura kuzana Adi videziyoMkA rAjya I0 se pUrva prathama zatAbdise bhAratame uttara pazcimIya sImA prAMtase lekara paMjAba, mathurA aura mAlavA taka jamA huA thA aura ina sthAnoM evaM ina videziyoMmeM jainadharmakI mAnyatA bhI vizeSa thI, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| inake atirikta usa samaya uttara bhAratameM jainoMkA samparka kina 2 rAjavaMzoMse thA, yaha ThIkasara batAnA kaThina hai| roTelakhaNDa usa samaya ahicchatrake rAjAoMke adhikArameM thaa| ahicchatra (rAmanagara-barelI) ke rAjA loga ahicchatrake rAjavaMzameM nAgavaMza anumAna kiye gaye haiN| isa jaina dhrm| vaMzakA astitva bhAratameM mahAbhAratakAla athavA rAjA takSaka nAgake samayase pramANita hai| yadyapi yaha vaMza videzI aura saMbhavataH hUNa jAtikA thA; kintu 1-kaMjAI, pR0 412 /

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58 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | jaina mAnyatA isakA nikAsa ikSvAku nAmaka kSatriya vAse huA pragaTa karatI hai / vastuta. nAgavaMzajoMka vivAha sambandha bhAratIya kSatrI ghaganoMse hote the / ahicchatrame isa vaMzakA rAjya sabhavataH bhagavAna pArzvaI nAthajIke samaya se thA / tatkAlIna rAjAne bhagavAna pArzvanAthakI baDhI cinaya kI thii| bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke tIrthakAlme vahAke eka rAjA vasupAla the / unhoMne ahicchatrame eka sundara aura bhavya jaina maMdira nirmANa karAyA thA / vahAke kaTArI kheDA kI khudAIme DA0 phuharara sA0 ne eka samUcA sabhA maMdira khudavA nikalavAyA thA / yaha maMdira I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdikA anumAna kiyA gayA hai aura yaha zrI pArzvanAthajIkA maMdira thA / isameme milI huI nama jaina mUrtiyA san 96 se 152 takakI he / eka IMToMkA banA huA prAcIna stUpa bhI vahA milA thA / vahA staMbhapara eka lekha isa prakAra thA - ' mahAcAryaindranaMdiziSya pArzvapatissa koTTArI / "2 ina vastuoMse IsavI sanke prArambha kAlame vahA jainadharmakA vizeSa pracAra prakaTa hotA hai / eka samaya mathurAke AsapAsa bhI nAgavaMzakA rAjya raha cukA hai| unakI rAjadhAnI kASThA nagarI thii| jaina samAjame eka kASThAsaMgha vikhyAt hai / a. usakA yaha nAmakaraNa usa nagarIkI apekSA huA pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki kASThAsaMghakA aparanAma mathurAkI apekSA mAthurasaMgha hai aura jaina zAstroMme deza apekSA prasiddha huA kahA bhI gayA hai| ataeva mathurAkA nAgavaMza aura jainadharma | L 1 - bhapA0, pR0 368 / 2 - saMprA jaismA0, pR0 81 / 3 - rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 231 | 4 - jehi0, bhA0 13 pR0 272 mainapurIke saM0

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [59 kASThAnagarame eka samaya aura saMbhavataH ukta nAgavaMzake rAjya kAlameM hI jainadharmakA prabhAva vizepa thaa| vahAMkA jainasaMgha Aja bhI bhAratake vibhinna sthAnoMmeM phailA huA hai| yaha bhI saMbhava hai ki ukta nAgavaMzake rAjA jaina saMghake poSaka hoM / saMbhavataH isI kAraNa vahAkA saMgha khUba phUlA phalA thaa| mathurAse uttara pUrvakI ora pAcAla rAjya thaa| usakI rAja dhAnI prAcIna kAlase kApilya thii| jainoMke pAMcAla rAjyameM jainadharma terahaveM tIrthaGkara zrI vimalanAthajIkA janmasthAna va dAnavIra bhavar3a / aura tapobhUmi bhI yahI nagara thaa| vikramakI pahalI zatAbdimeM yahAMpara tapana nAmaka rAjA rAjya karatA thaa| usI samaya bhAvar3a nAmaka eka dharmAtmA jaina seTha yahAM rahate the| yaha eka pratiSThita dhanI vyApArI the| inakA vyApAra deza-videzase hotA thA / jahAjoMme mAla bhejA jAtA thaa| eka daphe durbhAgyase inake sAre jahAja samudrameM DUba gye| isase unake vyApArako vaDA dhakkA lgaa| kintu vaha dhIrajase vyApAra karate rhe| eka ghor3Ise inake bhAga camaka gaye / vahAMke rAjAne tIna lAkha ru0 meM usa ghor3Iko bhAvar3ase kharIda liyA thaa| usake vacher3ako bhAvar3ane vikrama rAjAko bheTa kiyaa| rAjAne prasanna hokara unheM mahuA Adi kaI grAma diye| bhAvar3a una grAmoMkA nAyaka bana gyaa| unakI bhAvalA nAmaka strIse unako bhavaDa nAmaka putraratnakI prApti huii| 1867ke likhe hue eka guTakemeM kASThAsaMghakI rItiyA kASTAdi dezakI kahIM gaI haiM (kASThAsaMghazciraMjIyAkriyA kASThAdi dezakaH) ataH kASThA nAma deza apekSA hI hai| -- -

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60] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / yaha baDA dAnavIra thaa| zikSita aura yuvA honepara bhavaDakA vivAha gheTI seThakI putrI suzIlAse svayaMvara vighise huA thA / bhavaDa sAnaMda kAlayApana kara rahA thA ki acAnaka yavana senAkA AkramaNa huaa| bhavaDa isa laDAIme baMdI huA aura yavana loga use apane sAtha legaye / bhavaDa vahA bhI apanA dharma-pAlana karatA rahA aura usane maMdira bhI banavAye / usane eka mAsakA upavAsa kiyA aura usake puNyaphalase cakrezvarIdevIkI sahAyatA use prApta huI / usakI sahAyatAse bhavaDa bandhana mukta huA aura takSagilAse AdinAtha prabhukI mUrti lekara vaha jahAjame baiThA aura mahuA AgayA / aba saubhAgyase use samudrame khoye hue jahAja bhI mila gye| bhavaDake "dina phira gaye / usa samaya AcArya vajrasvAmIke upadezase zatrujaya tIrthakA usane uddhAra karAyA aura khUba dAna-puNya kiyaa| zrI AdinAtha bhagavAnakI pratimA vahA virAjamAna kraaii| vajrasvAmI eka pratibhAsampanna sAdhu the| unhoMne dakSiNake kisI bauddha samrATako jainI banAyA thaa| zvatAvara saMpradAyame bhavaDa seTha aura vajrasvAmI bahu prasiddha hai|' na mAlama isa zvetAMvara kathAme kitanA satya hai ? kozAmbIke purAtatvase vahApara jainadharmakA vizeSa samparka rahA pramANita hai / vahAse kugAnakAlakA mathurA kozAmbI rAjyameM jaisA eka AyAgapaTTa milA hai, jise rAjA jaindhrm| zivamitrake rAjyame zivanaMdikI zipyA vaDI sthavirA baladAsAke kahanese zivapAli1-zatrujaya mAhAtmya-gusApari0 jainavi0, pR0 55-56 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [61 tane ahaMtoMkI pUjAke liye sthApita kiyA thaa| isa ullekhase kozAbImeM eka vRhat jaina saMghake rahanekA patA calatA hai| yahIMpara kAzyapI arhatoMke saM0 10me ASAr3hasenane eka guphA banavAI thii| vaha ASAr3hasena ahicchatrake rAjA zonakAyanake prapautra aura rAjA. vaMgapAla va rAnI triveNIke pautra the| inake pitAkA nAma rAjA bhAgavata thA aura inakI mAM vaihidarI thiiN| yaha guphA san 100200 I0 pU0 ke lagabhaga banI thii| yaha pragaTa hai ki ahicchatrake rAjAoMme jainadharmakI mAnyatA prAcIna kAlase thii| sAtha hI ukta kAzyapI arhata zabda bhagavAna mahAvIrakA dyotaka pratIta hotA hai; kyoMki bhagavAnakA gotra kAzyapa thA / ataH yaha saMbhava hai ki ukta guphA jainoMke liye vanAI gaI ho| ___ skaMdhaguptakA lekha jo bhiTArIke stambhapara aGkita hai, usameM likhA hai ki skaMdhaguptane puSpamitrako vijaya jaina rAjA puSpamitra / kiyA thaa| yaha puSpamitra san 455 meM rAjya kara rahA thaa| isa vaMzakA prAraMbha san 78 I0 se san 937 I0 taka calatA rahA thA / isakA nikAsa kahAMse aura kaise huA thA, yaha kucha jJAta nahIM hai| rAjA kanipkake samayameM yaha vaMza vulandazaharake pAsa basa gayA thA aura apaneko jaina dharmAnuyAyI kahatA thaa| jaina zAstroMse isa samaya vikramAditya nAmaka eka prasiddha samrATkA patA calatA hai; yadyapi itihAsameM 1-saMprAjaismA0, pR025. 2-saMprAjasmA0, pR0 28.3-baMprAjaismA, pR0 187.

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62] saMkSipta jana itihaas| rAjA vikramAditya isa nAmake rAjAkA taba koI ullekha nahIM gautamIputra shaatkrnni| milatA hai| vAstavame vikramAditya kArDa khAsa nAma na hokara kevala upAdhi mAtra hai| isa apekSA usa samayake itihAsame isa nAmakA koI rAjA na milanA kucha anokhApana nahIM rakhatA / ata. Avazyaka hai ki tatkAlIna rAjAoMme aise kisI vIra aura parAkramI rAjAkA patA calAyA jAya, jo vikramAditya upAdhikA adhikArI hoske| isa apekSA aba prAyaH saba hI vidvAna isa samaya eka vikramAditya rAjAkA honA svIkAra karane lage hai| jaina gAmmra kahate hai ki vaha gardabhilakA putra thA / aura pratiSThAnapurase Akara usane zakoMko parAsta karake bhAratakA videzI logoMse uddhAra kiyA thaa| jaina, ajaina evaM gilAlekhIya AdhArase mama0 kAgIprasAda jAyasavAla isa pariNAmapara pahuMce hai ki yaha vikramAditya pratiSThAnapurake AndhravaMzakA gautamIputra zAtakarNi nAmakA prasiddha rAjA thaa| 'gAthAsaptagatI' ke kartA rAjA hAlane (I0 san 21) eka gAthAme vikamAucca (vikramAditya) kI dAnazIlatAkA varNana kiyA hai| isa ullekhase vikramAditya upAdhidhArI rAjAkA-unase pahale hojAnA siddha hai| vastutaH AndhravaMzame gautamIputra gAtakarNi hAlase pahale hocuke the| unakA samaya I0 pUrva 100-44 hai| jaina zAstra vikramAdityako pratiSThAnapurase AyA batAte hI hai aura unakI jIvanaghaTanAyeM bhI gautamIputra zAtakarNike jIvanase milatI hai| isa kAraNa unheM gautamIputra zAtakarNI mAnanA ThIka 1-kaihiMi0, bhA0 1 pR0 167-168, malAhAbAda yUnIvarsiTI sTaDIja, bhA0 2 pR0 113-147. -

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anya rAjA aura jana sNgh| [63 hai| kintu jaina zAstra unheM gardabhillakA putra batAte hai aura gautamIputra saMbhavataH meghasvAtike putra the| isa bhedakA sAmaJjasya vikramAdityako gardabhillakA uttarAdhikArI mAnanese hojAtA hai| gardabhillavaMza vastutaH AndhravaMzase bhinna hai| jaina aura ajaina zAstra unakA ullekha alaga-alaga hI karate hai aura yaha nizcit hai ki pratiSThAnapurame AndhravaMzake rAjA rAjya karane the| ataeva pratiSThAna. purase AyA huA vikramAditya gardabhillakA putra na hokara uttarAdhikArI honA cAhiye / somadevakI 'kathAsaritasAgara' se pragaTa hai ki gautamIputrakA vaMzaja kuntala zAtakarNi, jisakA rAjyakAla 75-83 I0 hai, kaligake bhilla (gardabhilla) rAjAkA jAmAtA thA aura usane punaH koMko ujjainIse bhagAkara -- vikramAditya' upAdhi grahaNa kI thii| isa prakAra 'vikramAditya' upAdhidhArI rAjA AndhravaMzameM do hue the| jaina lekhakane kuntalako gardabhillakA jamAtA jAnakara pahale vikramAdityako bhramase usakA putra likha diyA pratIta hotA hai| isa dazAmeM pahale vikramAditya arthAta gautamIputra zAtakarNi jaina zAstroMko vikramAditya pragaTa hote hai| ____ "AvazyakasUtramApya" se spaSTa hai ki gautamIputrane nahapAna zakako parAsta kara diyA thA / udhara gautamI putra aura RSabhadattake zilAlekhoM tathA nahapAnake sikkoM se pramANita hai ki gautamI putrane nahapAnako mAlavA, saurASTra Adi dezako zakoMse mukta karadiyA thaa| yaha ghaTanA I0 pU0 58 kI hai / jaina zAstra bhI vikramAdityako 1-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 251-278. 2-javimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 251 / -

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64] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / 'zakAri' aura use I0 pU0 58 me unapara vijaya prApta karate likhate hai / jaina granthoMse yaha bhI prakaTa hai ki jaba vikramAditya isa asAra saMsArako choDagaye to unake putra vikrama caritra athavA dharmAdityane 40 varSAMtaka mAlavApara rAjya kiyA / dharmAdityake putra bhailyane 11 varSataka usa dezapara zAsana kizA / uparAta nelyane 14 varSataka rAjya kiyaa| nailyakA uttarAdhikArI nahar3a vA nahada huA, jisane 10 varSa rAjya kiyaa| usIke samayameM suvarNagiri ( zikhira sammedajI) para bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA eka vizAla maMdira nirmANa huA thaa|' ina nAmoMme 'dharmAditya' upAdhi prakaTa hotI hai, aura vikramacaritra kuMtalazAtakarNi (vikramAditya dvitIya ) ke aparanAma' : vivamazIla ' ( caritra-zIla ) kA dyotaka hai| kuMtalake samayame zakoMdvArA dharmakA vidhvaMza puna. hone lagA thaa| usane zakoMko mAra bhagAkara dharmarakSA kI thii| isI liye usako 'dharmAditya ' kahA gayA hai / kintu vaha gautamI putrakA uttarAdhikArI na hokara usake bAda usa vaMzame utanA hI prakhyAta rAjA thaa| gautamIputrakA uttarAdhikArI zrI vilva pulomavi prathama thaa| ukta nAmoMme 'bhailya' ko hilA (bhilva bhailya) kA apabhraMza kaha sakte hai, kintu zeSa do nAmoMkA patA AndhravaMzAvalIme lagAnA kaThina hai| 'nahada' sabhavata skandasvAtikA dyotaka ho| 'jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki jaina lekhakane kramavAra aura ThIka nAmoMse vikramAdityake uttarA 1-jaisimA0 bhA0 1 kiraNa 2-3 pR060|2-jvimoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 206|3-jvimoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 279-279 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [65 dhikAriyokA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai; yadyapi vaha AndhravaMzake rAjAokA hI ullekha karatA pratIta hotA hai| gautamIputra zAtakarNine apane rAjyAbhiSekake 18 veM varSameM zakoMko parAsta kiyA thaa| usa samaya vikramAditya va arthAt I0 pU0 58 meM unakI avasthA 42 jaindhrm| varSakI thii| AMdhra rAjyakA bhAra unapara hI bAlyAvasthAse-janmase hI Ana par3A thaa| cauvIsa varSakI Ayu prAptakara lenepara purAtana prathAke anusAra unakA rAjyAbhiSeka huA thA / ina cauvIsa varSoM meM unake nAmapara rAjamAtA gautamIna. zivAjIkI mAtA jIjAbAIke samAna, rAjakAja kiyA thaa| unakA kula rAjyakAla 56 varSa thaa| I0 pR0 14 me vaha isa saMsArako choDa gaye the| jainoMkI paTTAvaliyome jo vIra nirvANase 470 varSa pazcAt vikramAdityakA janma huA likhA hai tathA vIra nirvANa saMvat vikrama saMvatake Arambhase 470 varSa pahale vIra nirvANa huA mAnakara pracalita hai, usa 18 varSa ke aMtarakA kAraNa mama0 jAyasavAla yahI pragaTa karane hai ki eka gaNanA gautamI putra zA0 ke janmase rAjya karane (vikramakA janma hone ) kI dyotaka hai aura dUsarI jisake anusAra vIra nirvANa pracalita hai unakI zaka vijayase ginI gaI hai| jisakI smRtime vaha saMvata calA thA, jo vikrama saMvatake nAmase pracalita hai, usameM isa vAtakA dhyAna nahIM rakkhA gayA hai ki vaha ghaTanA gautamI putra vikramAdityake rAjyakAlake 18 varSakI hai| jainoMke isa matabhedase bhI vikramAdityakA gautamI putra zAtakarNi honA

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saMkSipta jaina itihaas| pramANita hai| vikramAditya apane Arambhika jIvaname brAmaNadharmake anuyAyI the, kitu zeSa jIvana unhoMne eka jaina gRhastha zrAvakaka samAna vyatIta kiyA thA / jaina granmAme unakA varNana khUba milatA hai| 'vaitAla pacaviganikA' :mihAmana dvAtriMgatikA 'vikrama prabandha Adi granthoMme unake cAritrako pragaTa karanevAlI kathAyeM milanI hai| sacamuca vaha eka Adarza jaina gRhastha, mahAna zAmaka aura vidyArasika rAjA the| unake samayame vidyA aura kalAkI vizeSa unnati huI thii| kahA jAtA he ki vikramAditya ne apanI gaka vijayakI smR time I0 pU0 58 me eka saMvat bhI calAyA vikrama samvat / zrA aura usa vikrama saMvatkA pracAra jainoMmeM aura unake dvArA vizeSa huA thaa| kintu itihAsame patA calatA hai ki yaha janazruti tathyapUrNa nahIM hai, kyoMki gautamIputra gAtakarNi, jo vikramAditya pramANita hotA hai. ne apane zilAlekhoMme saMvat na likhakara azoka Adi prAcIna rAjAoMke samAna apane rAjyake varva ligve he tathA mAlavA aura rAjapUtAnAse aise sikke I0 pU0 prathama zatAbdike mile hai, jinase mAlavagaNa dvArA ukta saMvatakA pracalita honA pramANita hai| una sikoMme 'mAla[vagaNakI kisI mahAn vijaya' kA ullekha hai ('mAlavAnA jaya'--'mAlavagaNasya jaya') yaha mAlavagaNa rAjya taba pUrvIya rAjapUtAnAme sthita thaa| mAlama hotA hai jisa samaya gautamIputra zAtakarNine mAlavA 1-javibhoso0 bhA0 16 pR0 253-254 / 2-jaina pAvalI aura vikrama pravadha dekho|

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [67 aura maurASTrakI ora zakoMpara car3hAI kI thI, usa samaya ukta gaNane umame gaharA bhAga liyA thA aura vikramAdityakI mahAna vijayako apanI vijaya samajhakara usakI smRtimeM ukta mikke DhAle the| unhoMne isa mahAna vijayake upalakSameM saMvata bhI calAyA, jisakA pracAra rAjapUtAnA aura mAlavAke logoMme hogayA / vahI kAlAntarame vikrama saMvatake nAmase prasiddha hogayA / vikrama saMvatkI utpatti ukta prakAra huI svIkAra karanese, jisakA svIkAra karanA ucita pratIta hotA vikrama saMvat va hai, jainoMmeM pracalita vikrama saMvat viSayaka vIra sNvt| mAnyatA apanA bahuta kucha mahatva kho baiThanI hai, kyoMki yaha spaSTa hojAtA hai ki vikrama saMvat na to vikramAdityake rAjyArohaNa kAlame huA aura na vaha usakI mRtyukA smAraka hai / hA, jainoMkI tadviSayaka mAnyatAmeM aitihAsika tathyAMga avazya hai, kyoMki vaha isa bAtakI dyotaka hai ki vikramAdityapara rAjyabhAra janmate hI AgayA thA aura apane rAjyake 1veM varSa hai. parva 58meM unhoMne gaka vijaya kI thI. jaise ki likhA jAcukA hai| udhara vikrama viSayaka jo jaina ullekha upalabdha hai una sabame yahI kahA gayA hai ki vIranirvANase 470 vAda vikramarAjA huA aura kinhIM gAthAoMmeM spaSTataH unakA janma likhA hai| aura yaha nizcita hai ki vikrama saMvat I0 pU0 58se vikramAditya (gautamIputra zAtakarNi) kI zakavijaya viSayaka ghaTanAke smArakarUpame calA hai / ataeva vikrama saMvatse 470 varSa pUrva vIra 1-javimoso, bhA0 16 pRSTa 251-254.

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68] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| nirmANa huA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| yaha samaya usake rAjA honekA mAnanA ThIka hai| mama. jAyasavAlajI, jaina aura hindU purANoMkI gaNanAke AdhArase use I0 pUrva 545me arthAt vikrama saMvatme 488 varSa pUrva siddha karate hai| harivazapurANa me zrI jinasenAcAryana nahapAnazakake rAjyakAlakA antima samaya vIra nirvAName 487 vA varSa likhA hai aura yaha likhA hI jAcukA hai ki vikramAditya gautamIputrane I0 pUrva 58me nahapAnako parAsta karake usake rAjyakA anta karadiyA thaa| ata jinasenAcAryake matAnusAra bhI vikrama saMvatse 487-488 varSa pUrva vIranirvANa huA pragaTa hai| hama anyatra isa hI matako svatantrarUpame siddha kara cuke hai / phalata. vIra nirvANakA zuddha rUpa I0 pUrva 545 mAnanA ThIka hai| 1-javioso0 bhA0 1 pR0 99-105 va bhA0 13 pR0245. 2-"vIranirvANakAle ca pAlako'trAbhiSikSyate / loke'vatisuto rAjA prajAnA pratipAlakaH / / paSTivarSANi tadrAjya tato vijayabhUbhujA / zata ca paca pacAzat varSANi tadudIrita // catvAriMzat puruDhAnA bhUmaMDalamaravaMDita / triMzattu puSyamitrANA pssttirvsvgnimitryoH||sht rAsabharAjAnAM nrvaahnmpytH| catvAriMzattato dvAbhyA catvAricchatadvayaM // bhaTTavANasya tadrAjyaM guptAnA ca zatadvayaM / ekavizaca varSANi kAlavidbhidAhata / " "harivazapurANa" ke ukta zlokoMke anusAra vIranirvANake samaya avatike siMhAsana para pAlaka rAjAkA abhiSeka huA thA / usa vazane 60 varSa, vijaya (naMda ) vaMzane 155 varSa, puruDha vaMzane 40 varSa, puSyamitrane 30, vasumitra agnimitrane 60, rAsabha (gardabhilla) vazane 100, naravAhanane 42, bhaTTabANa (AndhrabhRtya) ne 242 aura guptavaMzane 221 varSa rAjya kiyaa| naravAhana, jo nahapAnakA dyotaka hai, - - -

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anya rAjA aura jaina saMgha / [ 69 IsavI prathama zatAbdise kicit pUrvase jaina saMghakI dazA vicitra ho rahI thI / yaha pahale hI likhA digambara aura zvetAMvara jA cukA hai ki samrAT candraguptake samaya meM jainasaMgha meM matabheda upasthita hogayA thA / saMgha-bher3a / aura naye dalakI kSINadhArA bala saMcaya karatI huI prathaka rUpase calarahI thI / sthUlabhadrake bAda isa naI dhArAmeM AryamahAgiri, Arya suhastisUri, susthitamUri, iMdradinnasUri (kAlkacArya ), priyagraMthasari, vRddhavAdisUri, dinnasari, siMhagiri, vajrasvAmI Adi aneka AcArya huye, jinakI vaMzaparamparA Ajataka zvetAvara kula 488 varSe hotI haiN| zvetAmbaroMke tapAgacchakI paTTAvalImeM bhI lagabhaga yahI gaNanA likhI gaI hai; jaise ki nimna koSTakake rUpameM mama0 jAyasavAlajIne pragaTa kI haiHzva0 paTTAvalI pAlaka........ varSa 60 AAAA nandravaMza ...156 mauryavaMza ......108 * puSyamitra 30 balamitra - bhAnu maMtra 60 nahavAna.... 40 garda bhilla 13 4 11. ..... .. zaka (vikramake rAjyAbhiSeka honetaka 18 kI varSe ) jor3a 488 ..... .. .. harivaMzapurANa pAlaka .......varSa 60 vijayavaza . 155 40 - 4000 purur3havaza puSyamitra vasumitra agnimitra 60 30 rAsabha (garda bhilla) 100 naravAhana 42 jor3a 487 ***. ..... 4

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70] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| sampradAyame calI ArahI hai| inamese AryamahAgirine naI dhAgako puna prAcIna mArgapara leAneka prayatna kiye the / vaha jinakallI ( nana ) sAdhu the aura unhoMne isa bAtako svIkAra kiyA thA ki sthUlabhadra dvArA aneka vAna dharmake viruddha pracalita hogaI hai| kiMtu vaha apane sadaprayAsame asaphala rhe| bhalA vaha nayA maMdha kane ina sAdhumahAtmAkI vAta mAnasaktA thA. jisane zrutakevalI bhadrabAhuko saMgha vAhyasA karadiyA thaa| uparokta gaNanAme sarva aMtima vajrasvAmIkA samaya san 71 I0 hai| inake samayame rohagupta nAmaka jaina sAdhune eka matabheda upasthita kiyA thaa| inake gipya kanATa dvArA vaizezika darzanakI utpatti huI thii| vajrasvAmIke uttarAdhikArI vajrasena huye aura inake samayameM digambara aura zvetAvara bheTa bilkula spaSTa hogayA thaa| mauryakAlakI kSINadhArA itanI vegavatI hogaI thI ki vaha purAtana dhArA sammukha ADaTI ' vatAvara kahate hai ki sthavIrapurake rAjAkA eka naukara muni hogayA thaa| isakA nAma zivabhUti huaa| rAjAne inheM kImanI kambala bheMTa kiyA, jise unane svIkAra kara liyA / kiMtu unake 1-jaisA saM0, bhA0 1, vIra vaMzAvali, pR0 8-11 2-haoN0 pR0 72 Mahaguri's rule is also notes orthy for his iendeavours to bring the community back to their primitive faith and practice He was a real ascetic and recoge Primativeafanth and sRAICHCHIs was Dised that under Shulbhadra's sway many abuscs had crept in to the order -Heart of Jainism P 72 3-haoNjai0 pR0 78 va jaisA saM0 bhA0 1 vIra vaMzA0 pR0 13 // 4-haoNje0, pR0 79 / -

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [71 gurune zivabhRtikA kambalane vizeSa moha dekhA to use phADakara pheMka diyA / zivabhUti nArAja hogayA aura nagna rahane lgaa| isake do. zipya kaunDinya aura kaTTavIra huye / isakI bahina uttarAne bhI sAdhu honA cAhA. parantu strIke liye nama rahanA asaMbhava jAnakara zivabhUtine use sAdhu dIkSA nahIM dI aura ghopaNA karadI ki koI jIvA srI bhavase mokSa nahIM jAsakatA ! vatAvaroMkI isa kathAme kucha bhI aitihAsika tathya nahIM hai; kyoMki bauddha granthoMke AdhArase siddha kiyA jA cukA hai ki jaina muniyokA prAcIna bheSa nama (digaMbara) thA aura yaha bAta svayaM zvatAvaroMke Arya mahAgiri viSayaka uparokta. kathanase bhI spaSTa hai / ataeva isa kathAme kevala itanI bAta tathyapUrNa hai ki jaina saMghameM digambara aura khetAMbara bhaMda isa samaya pUrNa pragaTa hogayA thA / digaMbara saMpradAyakI mAnyatAke anusAra hama dekha cuke hai ki samrAT khAravelake pazcAt nakSatra Adi AcArya di0 jaina saMgha va gyAraha aMgake dhArI huye the| inake bAda usake prbhed| subhadra, yazobhadra, yazobAhu aura loha ye cAra AcArya AcArAGgake dhAraka hue / zeSa kucha AcArya gyAraha aMga caudaha pUrvake eka aMzake jJAtA the aura ye saba 118 varSameM huai the| isa prakAra bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke nirvANa uparAMta 683 varSameM dvAdazAMga vANIkA jJAna karIba 2 bilakula lupta hogayA; arthAt san 138 meM aMga pUrvokA jJAna AMzikarUpameM 'zeSa rahA thaa| isa samayase kicit pahale zrI dharasenAcArya huye the 1-tilloyapaNNatti, gA080-82, jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 532 /

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72] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jinake nikaTase nahapAna rAjAne jaina muni hokara paTakhaNDAgama anthakI racanA karake use jyeSTha zukla paMcamIke dina aMkaleza me lipibaddha kiyA thaa| isI kAraNa yaha pavitra dina "zrutAvatAra" ke nAmase prasiddha hai| zrIdharasenAcArya giranArakI caMdra-guphAmeM birAjamAna the| vahIMpara nahapAna rAjarSi (bhUtabali muni) aura subuddhi zreSThI (puSpadanta muni) ne unase zAstra jJAna prApta kiyA thaa| ye donoM RSi usa samaya veNAtaTakapurake jaina saMghame nivAsa hI karate the| giranArase ye donoM RSi kurIzvara dezame pahuMce the aura vahApara inhoMne cAturmAsa kiyA thA / pazcAt dakSiNa bhAratakI ora inakA vihAra huA thA / puSpadanta muni apane bhAnaje jina pAlitako muni banAkara dakSiNake vanavAsa dezako cale gaye the aura bhUtavali muni dakSiNa mathurAko prasthAna kara gaye the| isI jina pAlitake nimittase SaTkhaNDAgama granthakI racanA huI thii| __ zrI indranandikRta zrutAvatAra kathAke anusAra isa ghaTanAke 'pahale jainasaMgha nandi, deva, sena, vIra (siha) aura bhadra nAmaka saMghoMme vibhakta hogayA thaa| ye vibhAga zrI arhadvali AcArya dvArA kiye gaye the| iname koI siddhAta bheda nahIM hai| kintu zravaNabelagulake zilAlekha naM0 108 se pragaTa hai ki akalaMkasvAmIke svargavAsake 'pazcAt sagha dezabhedase 'sena', 'naMdi', 'deva' aura 'siMha' ina cAra bhedoMmeM vibhAjita huA thaa| zrI paM0 jugalakizorajI mukhtAra pragaTa 1-zrutAvatAra kathA, pR0 16-20 2-jaizisaM0 bhUmikA, pR0 145

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [73 karate hai ki 'akalaMkase pahaleke sAhityame ina cAra prakArake saMdhoMkA koI ullekha bhI abhItaka dekhanemeM nahIM AyA, jisase isa (zi0 naM0 108 ke ) kathanake satya honekI bahuta kucha sambhAvanA pAI jAnI hai| saMbhava hai mugntAra sA0kA yaha anumAna ThIka hoH kitu kuzAnakAlake kaugAcIvAle lekhame eka AcAryakA nAma zivanaMdi hai aura yaha 'naMdi vizeSaNa yukta hai| vetAmbara saMpradAyame bhI isI samayake lagabhaga arthAt vIra nirvANALase 582 varSa vADha (1) nAgindra, (2) caMdra, (3) nirvRni aura (4) vidyAdhara nAmaka cAra zAkhAya pragaTa huI thIM, jiname hI uparAnta 84 gaccha nikale the|' ataeva arhadvali AcAryake samayame hI digambara jaina saMgha cAra bhAgoMmeM vibhakta huA ho to koI Azcarya nahIM ! arhadvaliko zrI guptigupti aura vizAkhAcArya bhI kahate hai-zrI arhadvali, mAghanadi, dharasena, puppaDanta aura bhRtavali, ye saba prAyaH eka hI samayake vidvAn pratIta hote haiN| balAtkAragaNakI utpattike viSayameM kucha jJAta nahIM hai / DaoN0 haoNrNala anumAna karane haiM ki arhadvalike nAma apekSA hI isa gaNakI utpatti huI hai| naMdigaNa, dezIgaNa aura balAtkAragaNa paraspara aminna hai| gaNabheda jaina saMghame bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayase 1-zrA0, jIvanI pR0 181 / 2-saMprAjaismA0 pR0 25 / 3-jaisA sa0, bhA0 1, vIra vaMzAvali, pR0 15 / 4-razrA0, jIvanI, pR0 187 / 5-iai0, bhA0 20, pR0 342 / 6-jaizi0 saM0, bhUmikA pR0 146 /

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74] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / vidyamAna thA / uparAnta isa gaNake aneka bheTa deza athavA AcAryaparamparAko lakSya karake hogaye hai| udAharaNata. 'dezIgaNa ko le lIjiye / 'bAhubalicaritra' me isa gaNake AcAryokI prasiddhi deza dezAntaroM (dezadezanikare ) me honeke kAraNa isakA nAma dezIgaNa paDA batalAyA hai, kitu mi0 govindapai isa vyAgjyAko svIkAra nahIM karate hai| vaha kahate hai ki dakSiNa bhAratake pazcimIyaghATa, bAlAghATa, karNATaka aura godAvarI nadIkA madhyavartI pradeza 'deza' nAmase prasiddha hai aura vahAke brAhmaNa Aja bhI 'dezastha brAhmaNa' kahalAte hai| ata. naMdisaMghake AcAryokA keMdra isa deza nAmaka pradezameM rahaneke kAraNa 'dezIyagaNa' ke nAmase vikhyAta huA ucita' jaMcatA hai| 'punnATa gaNa' punnATa dezakI apekSA prasiddha huA milatA hI hai / isa prakAra prAcIna AcArya paramparA Ajataka di0 jainoMme bhI calI ArahI hai| jaba san 80-81 I0 meM jaina saMgha digaMbara aura zvetAbara ina do saMpradAyoMme vibhakta hogayA; taba di0 sampradAya 'mUlasaMgha' (Real Snngna) ke nAmase prasiddha huA; kyoki usakI mAnyatAyeM prAcIna jainadharmake anusAra thiiN| kitu isa nAmakaraNakI tithi batalAnA kaThina hai / aba digambara jaina dRSTise bhI saMgha bhedapara eka najara ddaaliye| 1-bauddhoMke 'dIrghanikAya' (148-49) meM bhagavAna mahAvIrako gaNAcArya likhA hai| gaNadharoMke astitvase gaNakAhonA svataH siddha hai|| 2-dravya saMgraha (s B.J., Vol 1.) bhUmikA pR0 30 / 3-'mahArASTrIya jJAnakoSa', bhA0 15-'deza' lekha dekho|

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m anya rAjA aura jana sNgh| [75. zrI devasenAcAryajIke " darzanasAra" nAmaka / di0 matAnusAra zve0 granthake anusAra vikrama saMvat 136 meM saMpradAyakI utptti| zvetAMbara saMpradAyako utpatti huI pramANita hai|' moraTha dezakI vallabhI nagarImeM yaha saMpradAya utpanna huA thaa| kintu bhaTTAraka ratnanaMdike 'bhadrabAhu caritra' evaM zravaNabelagolake zilAlekho tathA khetAMbaroMkI mAnyatAoMse pragaTa hai. jaise ki hama dekha cuke he ki jainasaMghame bhadrabAhujI zrutakevalIke samaya hI bheda par3a gaye the| bauddha graMthoMse bhI jainasaMghakA bhagavAn mahAvIrake uparAMta vibhakta honA siddha hai| ye bauddha graMtha samrATa agokake samaya saMzodhita aura nirNita huye the| ataeva samrATa caMdraguptake samayameM jaina saMghameM bheda par3A dekhakara unhoMne ukta prakAra ullekha kiyA hai / isa dazAme devasenAcAryakA saM0 136 ( san 80-81 ) me zvetAMbaroMkI utpatti honA batAnA kucha ucita nahIM jaMcatI. kintu unakA yaha kathana tathyapUrNa hai| zvetAMvara bhI digambara saMpradAyakI orase upasthitakI jAnevAlI gAthAke samAna hI eka gAthA dvArA digambaroMkI utpatti lagabhaga isI samaya pragaTa karate hai / usapara bhaTTAraka ratnanaMdike 'bhadrabAhu caritra' 1-chattIse varisasae vikamarAyassa maraNa pattassa / soraTe balahIe uppaNNo sevaDo saMgho // 11||-drshnsaarH| 2-dIni0 3 pR0 117-118, mani0 bhA0 2 pR0 143 va bhamavu0 pR0 214 / 3-"chavAsa sahassehi navuttarehi siddhi gavassa vIrassa / to boDiyANa viTThI rahavIrapure samupannA // " kintu zvetAbaroMkI yaha pramANabhUta gAthA digambara granthakI nimna gAthAkA rUpAtara pratIta hotA hai|

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76] saMkSipta jana itihAsa / se pragaTa hai ki bhadrabAhu svAmIka samaya gaMba bhaTa upasthita huA. taba bhINa rupame prAcIna nigraMtha maghame eka zAkhA alaga hogaI thI aura vaha apane middhAta grantha Adi TIka karanemeM vyagra dI thii| vaha 'arddhaphAlaka maMpradAya thI aura isake sAyu khaNDa yatra grahaNa karane the / zvetArAkA pUrvaja yaha 'arddhaphAlaka' saMpradAya thaa| kanipaya vidvAn 'arddhaphAlaka mapradAyakA astitva svIkAra nahIM magna hai| kintu mathurAke pugatatvame isa manpradAyakA astitva pramANita hotA hai| mathugakA pleTa naM0 17 eka nAraNa stambhakA citra hai ! TamameM eka jaina sAdhu sakma digvAyA gayA hai| isI prakAra eka panAmanamya jaina mUrti yAra zarIrapara vastra pahane hue eMTa naM0 1ke trime dAI gaI hai| naM017 vAlI iMTame dUsarI ora jo dRzya advita hai vaha arddhaphAlaka sampradAyaka astitvakI pramANika sAkSI hai| usake Uparaka aMgame eka stUpa hai aura usake donoM ora do do nIrthakara hai / nIcake azame eka muni hAthakI kalAI para kapaDA DAle huye khar3e hai| unakA sIdhA hAtha kavakI ora uThA huA hai jisame kyoMki svaya zvetAvagacArya jinezvarasUgnei digambaroMke ina gAthAkA ullekha kiyA hai.- 'chabyAsa saehi na uttarehi tatyA' siddhi gayasma vIrassa | kavaliyANa viTThI balahI purie samuppaNNA" jahi0 mA0 13 pR0 400 / 1-jaistUra0 pR0 24 // 2-jaistUpa0 pR0 41 / zvetAvara zAstra apanI mUrtiyoMmeM vastra cinha aMkita karanA batalAte haiN| unameM mRtiyoMko vastrAcchAdita banAne kA vidhAna hamAre dekhane meM nahIM aayaa| bhUmRtiko vastrAlaMkAraseSita karanekI prathA zvetAbaroMmeM arvAcIna hai|

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| 77. pIchI hai unakA nAma 'kanha' likhA huA hai| isapara kuzana maM0 9.5 kA eka lekha hai jisame koTiyagaNa thAniyakula aura vairazAkhAke Arya arahakA ullekha hai| ina gaNAdikA patA saMbhavata zvetAbarokI sthivirAvalIme lagatA hai| isa dazAme 'ardhaphAlaka' saMpra. dAyako zvetAbaroMkA pUrvaja mAnanA anucita nahIM hai| ___ isa paTaka muni ardhaphAlaka sampradAyake mAlUma hote hai, kyoMki inake pAsa kapaDekA kevala eka TukaDA' (khaMDavastra ) hI hai / aura yaha citra hai bhI usa samayakA jaba zvetAvara aura digaMvara bheda pUrNataH vyakta honeke sannikaTa thA / eme samayame jaina saghameM eka mahA __ krAnnisI upasthita huI pratIta hotI hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki naM0 16 va naM0 17 ke pleTome savastradhArI mUrti aura sAdhutaka darzAye gaye hai / mATama esA hotA hai ki mauryakAlame IsavI sanke prArambhika samayatakake antarAlame vaha zAkhA jo prAcIna nigraMtha (nagna) maMbase alaga huI thI, itanI balavAna hogaI thI ki vaha ava tIrthoM aura mUrtiyoMpara bhI apanA adhikAra sthApita karanekI ceSTA karane lagI thI / bhagavAn kuMdrakudAcArya isI samaya huye the aura unake vaktavyoMmeM spaSTa hai ki unake samayameM avazya hI jaina muni vastra dhAraNa karane lage the, apane mantavyako puSTa karanevAle grantha racane lage the aura mUrti Adika liye jhagar3ane lage the| AcArya mahArAjane. tilatupamAtra parigraha rahita digaMbara muniko hI caityagraha batalAyA hai| unhoMne logoMkA dhyAna vyavahArakI orase haTAnekA prayatna kiyA thA, kyoMki usameM nivRni mArgake upAsaka sAdhu loga bhI burI taraha phaMsa

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___78] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / - gaiyethe| digambara aura zvetAvara dono sapradAyoMke grathoMse prakaTa he ki isa kAlake lagabhaga tIrthoke savandhame donoM sapradAyoMme jhagaDA huA thaa| - kuDhakuTAcAryane ujjayaMta (girinAra) para sarasvatIkI pApANa mRtiko vAcAla karake nagna rahanevAle nigraMtha sAdhuoMke pakSako savala banAyA thaa| ___zvetAbarAke pUrvaja ( Fori Tuuners ) prAcIna mUrtiyokI AkRtiyoMko nahIM baDhala pAye the arthAt isa samayataka jaina mUrtiyA bilakula vastra cihna rahita nagna banAI jAtI thIM, jaise ki mathurA aura khaNDagirikI guphAoMvAlI prAcIna mUrtiyoMse pramANita hai| prAcIna mUrtiyoMko bhale hI zvetAbara badalaneme asamartha rahe hoM, kitu unhoMne navIna mUrtiyoMko vastra cihnAGkita banAnA prArambha kara diyA thA, isame saMzaya nhiiN| jaina saghame huI isa krAtikA kaTu pariNAma yaha nikalA ki vi0 saM0 136 (san 80 I0)me digaMvara aura zvetAvara sapradAyoMkI jaDa khUba pukhtA jama gaI aura uname ApasI virodha paDa gyaa| bhadrabAha dvitIya saMbhavata isa samaya di0 sampradAyake adhyakSa the| uparokta varNanane spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke nirvANa ___ kAlase lekara IsavI sanke prAraMbhika kAla tatkAlIna jainadharma / takake samayame jainadharmame bar3A aMtara paDa gayA thaa| dvAdazAgavANI bilakula lupta hogaI thii| usake sthAnapara naye 2 grantha AcAryoM dvArA race jAne lage the| udhara 1-vizeSake liye dekho 'vIra' varSa 4 pR0 304-309 / 2-'pravacana parIkSA' prakaraNa 1-jaihi0 bhA0 13 pR0 289 / 3-iai0, bhA0 20 pR0 342 / 4-jaihi0, bhA0 13 pR0 290 / 5-iai0, bhA0 20 pR0 342-343 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [79 zvetAMvara saMpradAyameM apane manonIta DhaMgapara dvAdazAMgavANIkA punaruddhAra kiyA gayA thaa| jina pratimAoMkA rUpa bhI isa saMpradAyane badala diyA thaa| zvetAMbara sAdhu vastra dhAraNa karane lage the| ina mAnyatAoMko lakSya karake zvetAMvara saMpradAyameM vatra sahita avasthAse bhI mokSa prApta kara lenA vidheya ThaharAyA gayA thaa| strI mukti, kevalI kAbalahAra Adi bAteM bhI svIkAra kI gaI thiiN| kintu digambara sampradAyameM prAcIna mAnyatAoMko hI sthAna milA rahA aura isa saMpradAyake anuyAyiyoMmeM tabataka purAtana rItirivAjoMkI mAnyatA rahI; yadyapi digambara saMgha bhI cAra bhAgoMme vibhakta hogayA thA aura grahasthoMmeM bhI aneka upajAtiyA utpanna hogaI thiiN| ___ aba bhI digambara jaina dharmakA dvAra pratyeka prANIke liye khulA huA thaa| jisa prakAra bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayame videziyoM aura cora, DAkuoMke samAna patita logoko unake dharmameM zaraNa milI thI; vaise hI isakAla arthAt I0 sanke prArambhameM bhI zoMke sadRza videzI logo aura vezyAyoM jaise patita vyaktiyoMko jaina rItyAnusAra dharmArAdhana karanekA avasara milA thA / nahapAna rAjA videzI zaka jAtikA thA, para to bhI jainamuni hokara unhoMne hameM dvAdazAha vANIkA AMzika jJAna karAkara bajha upakAra kiyA hai / devasaMghake jainamuniyoMne devadattA nAmaka vezyAke gharameM cAturmAsa vyatita karake jaina dharmake patita pAvana rUpako spaSTa kara diyA thaa| itanA hI kyoM ? 1-iMai, bhA0 20 pR0346 'yo devadattA vezyAgRhe varSAyogo sthApitavAn sahadevasaMghazcakAra ||4||

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80] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / mathurAke purAtatvame nartaka logoM. raMgarejoM aura gaNikAoM dvArA arhata bhagavAnakI pujAke liye jina madira Adi bananakA patA calatA hai|' ye saba bAteM usa samaya bhI jaina dharmaka vyApaka rupakI dyotaka hai / sAtha hI zrAvakoMme paraspara prema vyavahArakA abhAva nahIM thA / uname paraspara sAmAjika vyavahAra hotA thaa| eka vaNikakA vivAha kSatriyANI sAdharmAka mAtha honekA udAharaNa milatA hai| upajAtivoMme paraspara vivAhasambandha to bArahavIM-narahavIM zatAni taka hone rahe the jaise ki AvRparake vastupAlabAla gilAlekhasa pragaTa hai| upajAtiyoMkA janma yadyapi isa samaya hogayA thAH kinupranako vizeSa mahatva prApta nahIM thaa| zilAlekhA aura zAmrome unakA ullekha ' vaNika ' yA * vaizya ' nAmase milatA hai| uname paraspara kucha bhI bhedabhAva na thaa| jisa prakAra Aja eka hI upajAnika vividha gotra grAmoM apekSA, jame kAgalIvAla. rapariyA Adi svataMtra rUpame ullikhita hote hue bhI upajAnime kucha bhI virodha nahIM rakhate. isI taraha mAlama hotA hai, usa samaya eka vaDI vaizya jAtike antargata yaha upajAtiyA grAmAdi apekSA apanA prathak nAmakaraNa rakhate hue bhI usame vilaga nahIM thiiN| - - 1-'vIra' varSa 4 pR0 302-Mathera jaan image inscrption of sama 25 records the gift of Vasu, the wife of a dyer .. ieN0, bhA0 33 pR0 37-38 2-vIra, varSa 4 pR0 301 3-prAjailesaM0 pR0 87

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [81 jisa samaya isa bharatakSetrameM karmabhUmikA prAdurbhAva huA thA,. taba yahAMke manupyoMme kisI bhI prakArakI upajAtiyoMkI koI jAti athavA varNavyavasthA nahIM thii| utpatti / janatA karmabhUmike kartavyose aparicita thI aura vaha bhayabhIta huI tatkAlIna rAjA RSa bhadevake sannikaTa sabhyatAkI prAthamika zikSA grahaNa kara rahI thI isI samaya RSabhadevane janatAkI samucita rakSA aura unnatikebhAvame varNa athavA jAti vyavasthAko janma diyA thaa| unhoMne una puruSoMko 'kSatriya' saMjJApse vibhRpita kiyA, jinako janatAkI rakSAke yogya samajhakara yaha bhAra saupA gyaa| isI prakAra manuSyoMkI yogyatAke anusAra vaizya aura zabda niyata hue / tathApi bharata mahArAjane RSabhadevajI dvArA dharmakI pravartanA honepara uparokta tInoM varNomeke vratI puruSoMmese brAhmaNa varNakI sthApanA kI thI, jaise ki prathama bhAgameM likhA jAcukA hai / ' mUlame yahApara isa prakAra cAturvarNamaya vyavasthA thI / ina cAravarNo ke sAtha vividha kuloMkI sthApanA bhI hogaI thii| yaha adhikAza kuTumboMke mahApuruSo athavA grAmokI apekSA huI thI, jaise _rAjA arkakIrtikI apekSA arka athavA sUryavaza aura yadukI apekSA yaduvaMza vikhyAta hue the / bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samaya taka yaha cAturvarNa vyavasthA samucita rItise cala rahI thI; kitu usake uparAMta ye varNa aneka upajAtiyoMmeM vibhakta hocale the| jainAcArya iMdranaMdijI paMcamakAlake prAraMbhameM grAmAdi apekSA ina upajAtiyoMkA janma huA likhate haiM / itihAsakI svAdhIna sAkSIse bhI pramANita hai 5-saMja i0 bhA0 1 pR0 42 va Adi purANa, parva 39 / 2-nItimAra

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82] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ki upajAtiyokI jaDa baudva kAlame paDa gaI thI aura vaha guptakAlame Akara pallavita huI thii| agravAla jAtikI utpatti lagabhaga isI samaya huI thii| kahate he ki ayonyAke rAjA mAnavAtAkI 52 agravAla vaizya jaati| vIM pIDhIme vIra nirvAName 1981 varSa pUrva zrI naminAthajIka tIrthakAtme agramena nAmaka rAjA the| unake pitA mahAvIra digambara muni gaye the / unake muni honepara rAjakumAra agramenako vIra ni0 pUrva 49.46 me rAjagaddI milI thii| san 4521 vI0 ni0 pUrvame unhAne mizra dezake jainadharmI gajA 'kurupavinda para AkramaNa kiyA thA aura isa yuddhame yaha vIra gatiko prApta huye the / rAjA agrasenane vedAnuyAyI pAtaJjali nAmaka Rpike upadegare apane pitRdharma-jainadharmakA parityAga kara diyA thA / yadi yaha pAtaJjali api pAtaJjalibhApya ke kartA hai, to rAjA ugranakA samaya bhagavAna neminAthajIke tIrthame honA azakya hai, parantu aisA koI sAdhana nahIM hai jisake AdhArapara ukta donoM pAtaJjali eka mAne jAveM / jo ho, inhIM gajA agrasenake 18 putra huye the / jisa samaya ina 18 putroMkI saMtAna rAjacyuta hogaI, to vaha rAjA ra gronake nAma apekSA 'agravAla' nAmale prasiddha huI / prAcIna jaina lekhame isakA ullekha 'agrota' vazake rapame huA milatA hai| rAjA agrasenakI stti| kaI pIDiyotaka vaidika dharmakI mAnyatA rahI thii| kiMtu upara ta aror3Apati rAjA divAkaradevake rAjyame vIra ni0 saM0515565ke lagabhaga (vi0 saM0 25-77 1-buI0, pR0 55-59 2-bhAi0, 93-99

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [83 ke antargata) jainAcArya zrIlohAryajIke upadezase jainadharma phira isavaMzameM -sthAna pAgayA, jise isa jAtike bahutase loga Aja bhI pAlana kara rahe hai| isa prakAra apane kSatrI dharmase cyuta hokara agravAla jAti vyApAra-pradhAna honAneke kAraNa vaizya varName parigaNita hogaI hai !' khaMDelavAla jAtikI utpattikA samaya bhI karI12 vahI hai / yaha janazruti hai ki vi0 sa0 1 meM khaMDelavAlakI utpatti ! kisI jinasena nAmaka jainAcAryane rAja pUtAneke khaNDelA nAmaka grAmake rAjAko prabhAvita karake jainadharmameM dIkSita kiyA thaa| rAjAke sAtha usake 82 grAmoMke saradAra bhI apanI prajA sameta jainI hogaye the / ina 82 grAmoMke atirikta do grAmoMke sunAra (monI) bhI jainI huye the| jainAcAryane inakA ullekha 'khaMDelayAma' kI apekSA 'khaMDelavAlAnvaya' ke nAmase kiyA thA / isI kAraNa inakI prasiddhi khaNDelavAla nAmame huI hai / rAjabhRSTa hokara vyApAra karane laganeke kAraNa yaha jAni bhI vaizyoMme ginI jAne lagI hai| uparokta 84 grAmoMkI apekSA isa jAtime 84 gotra bhI hai|' AsavAla jAtikA janma bhI isI DhaMgapara huA kahA jAtA hai| IsvI dUsarI zatAbdimeM kisI jainAcAosavAla jAtikA yane osiyA nAmaka nagarake nivAsI rAjapUta praadurbhaav| logoMko jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thaa| isa 1-agravAla itihAsa va vRjaza0, bhA0 1 pR071-72|| 2-khaNDelavAla jana itihAma va jahi0, bhA0 1 pR.0 333 aura hivi0 bhA0 5 pR0 718 /

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saMkSipta jana itihAsa / omiyA nagarako lakSya karake inakA nAmakaraNa 'osavAla' hogayA hai| iname adhikAza loga aba vyApAra karane lage hai / isa kAraNa yaha loga bhI vaizya mAne jAte hai / aMgrejoMke bhAratame adhikAra jamAneke samaya taka iname baDe 2 yoddhA ho cuke hai| aba bhI kaI dezI riyAsatoMme osavAla loga dIvAna yA maMtripadapara niyukta hai| lamecU (lambakaJcuka) jAtikA nikAsa bhI lagabhaga isI samaya huA thaa| pandrahavIM zatAnDike gilAlekho lamvakaJcuka jAtikA eva. paTTAvalI Adise isa jAtikA mUlameM jnm| . yaduvazI honA pramANita hai / kahA jAtA hai ki yaduvaMzame eka rAjA lomakaraNa (yA lambakarNa ) nAmaka huye the / aura vaha lambakAJcana nAmaka degameM jAkara rAjya karane lage the| unhIMkI saMtAna 'lagvakAJcana' nAmaka dezakI apekSA lagvakaJcuka nAmame prakhyAta huI thii| isaparase zrI0 paNDita jhammanalAlajI tarkatIrya Adi laMbecU vidvAn apanI jAtikA nikAsa bhagavAn neminAthajIke tIrthame huA anumAna karate hai kitu yaha ThIka nahIM hai, kyoMki bhagavAn neminAthajIke mokSa cale jAneke bAda dvArikA saba hI yaduvaMziyoM sameta jalakara bhasma hogaI thii| kevala kRSNa, balarAma aura jaratakumAra bacarahe the / kRSNa aura balarAmakI bhI jIvanalIlAyeM zItra samApta hogaI thIM / yaduvaMzakA nAma levA mAtra jaratkumAra raha gayA / isa jaratkumArakI paTTarAnI kali 1-maprAMjaismA0, pR0 152 / 2-prAjalesa0, bhA0 1 pR0 83-84 / 3-laMvecU jAtikA paricaya, nAmaka pustaka dekho| -

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| [85 zarAjakI putrI thI / jaratkumAra apanI sasurAlameM jAkara rahane lagA aura vahAMpara usakA putra vasudhvaja rAjyAdhikArI huA thA / vasukI chaThI pIr3hImeM nitagatru nAmaka kaliGgakA rAjA bhagavAna mahAvIrajIkA samakAlIna thA aura jaina muni hogayA thA; yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| usake bAda kaliMga rAjyakA kyA huA ? yaha kucha patA nahIM cltaa| zAyada kisI anya rAjAkA vahAMpara adhikAra hogayA ho / jaina samrAT khAravelake zilAlekhake anusAra kauzala dezake rAjAkA kaliGgameM Adhipatya jamanA pragaTa hai| kiMtu vIcameM magadhake nandarAja bhI vahAM kucha varSoMtaka rAjyAdhikArI rahe the| ataH yaha nissandeha ThIka pratIta hotA hai ki kaliGgameM yaduvaMgI jaratkumArake vaMzaja rAjabhraSTa hogaye the / mAlUma hotA hai ki vaha kaliGga chor3akara kahIM anyatra cale gaye the| ataH lomakaraNa rAjA isI samaya huye hoMge / jaratkumArakI saMtAname unakA honA saMbhAvita hai; kyoMki bhagavAna mahAvIrajIke samayataka yaduvaMgake jo rAjA hue unameM isa nAmakA koI rAjA nahIM hai / isa avasthAme naMdarAjadvArA parAjita hokara kaliGgase nikalanepara jo rAjA isa vaMzameM hue, unameM hI lomakaraNa rAjAkA honA susaMgata hai / isa apekSA vaha IsavI pUrva pahalI va dUsarI zatAbdimeM hue anumAna kiye jAsakate hai| unheM bhagavAna neminAthajIke samayameM huA mAnanA ThIka nahIM hai| lamecuoMkI purAnI paTTAvaliyoMmeM rAjA lomakaraNa athavA lambakarNako 1-hari0 pR0 587-602 aura 623 / 2-javimoso0 bhA0 3.pR0 435-438 / 3-hari0 pR0 623 /

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86] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / apanA deza choDakara lambakAcana degame rAjya sthApita karane likhA hai|' __ yaha ghaTanA bhI kaliGgase yaduvaMziyoM (harivaMgI) ke anyatra jAnake ullekhase ThIka vaiThanI hai / kintu koI mahAzaya lambakAcana daMgako dvArikAkA nikaTavartI athavA usakA apara nAma hI samajhane hai / para yaha nAma dvArikAkA athavA usake AsapAsavAle kisI degakA nahIM milatA / isa kAraNa lanvakAcana dezako gujagatame mAna lenA kaThina hai / ' rAjAvalI kathA * me bhI samantabhadra svAmIke bhramaNa sambandhI varNaname eka deza -- lAgbuza ' bhI ullikhita huA hai aura yaha maNuvakahallI nAmaka deza athavA nagarake vATa ginAyA gayA hai| isakA sAdRzya lambakAcanase hai / sabhava hai ki lAmbugakA apara nAma lambakAcana ho| maNuvakahallI deza dakSiNa bhAratame sthita pratIta hotA hai| ataeva lAvuza deza usake samIpa hI kahIM honA upayukta hai / yadi lambakAJcanako eka saMyukta nAma mAnA jAya. to pragaTa hai ki 'lamba' to 'lAmbuga' kA dyotaka hai aura 'kAJcana' jainoMke prAcIna kendra kAcIpurakA paricAyaka hosaktA hai| isa dagAme lambakAJcana deza dakSiName ThaharatA hai aura usakA vahApara honA isaliye saMbhava hai ki kaliGgase AyA huA rAjakula dakSiNake nikaTavartI pradezameM kahIM ThaharegA, vaha ekadama gujarAta nahIM pahuMca jAyagA / dakSiNa bhAratake tAmila dezame IsavI prAraMbhika zatAbdiyoMme lambavarNa nAmaka kSatriya prasiddha the, yaha bAta itihAsase siddha hai| udhara paTTAvalImeM 1-lamecUoMkA itihAsa, pR0 12-15 / 2-utkarSa, varSa 1 saM0 6 pR0 141 / 3-razrA0, jIvanI pR0 32 /

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anya rAjA aura jaina sNgh| 87 yaha kahA gayA hai ki saM0 149 me rAjA lomakaraNa yA lambakarNakI saMtAnako lambakAJcana deza choDanA paDA thA aura vaha rAjyase hAtha dhokara rAjapUtAnekI ora cale Aye the / AThavIM zatAbdike kavi dhanapAlane 'bhavipyadatta caritra me lamvarNa kSatriyoMko ujjainake AsapAsa vasA likhA hai| ata. yaha saMbhava hai ki dakSiNa bhAratake lambakarNa kSatriyokA sambandha paTTAvalIke rAjA lamvakarNase ho / apanA rAja gaMvAkara ina kSatriyoMne vaNikavRtti gRhaNa kara lI thii| isI kAraNa yadavaMzI lomakaraNa yA lambakarNakI santAna lamecU Aja kSatrI na hokara vaizya hai / inakA janma bhI IsavI sanke prArambhameM huA pragaTa hai| isI prakAra anya jAtiyoMkI utpattikA patA lagAyA jAsattA hai; kiMtu yaha vAta nahIM hai ki saba hI jaina jAtiyAM rAjabhraSTa kSatriyoMkI saMtAna haiN| pratyuta jaisavAla, poravAla Adi jAtiyAM mUlameM vaizya varNakI hai| unakA nAmakaraNa jAyasa va pora nAmaka grAmoMkI apekSA huA hai / mAgadhI vyApAriyoMkI jAti to pahalese prakhyAta thI / ye vaDe vIra, parAkramI, cAlAka aura nIti nipuNa the| pitA apekSA yaha vyApArI the aura mAtA inakI kSatrI thiiN| isa prakAra upajAniyoMkI utpattikA itihAsa hai| yaha sanAtana nahIM hai, balki vizeSa kAraNoM se hajAra Der3ha hajAra varSa pahale inakA janma huA thaa| inake itihAsase prakaTa hai ki eka varNake vyakti kisa taraha dUsare varNake hosakte haiM ! 1-vIra, mA07pR0 470-471|2-eri0,bhaa09pR079/ -

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88] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (4) munnA sAmAjya aura jainazcama / (san 320-500 I0 )* IsAkI prArambhika zatAr3iyoMke aMdhakArApanna itihAsako pAra ___ kara jaba hama kucha ujAleme pahuMcate hai, to "gupta rAjavaMzakA Adi- eka naye vaMzako bhAratame rAjyAdhikArI pAne puruSa caMdragupta pra0 / hai / yaha thA guptavaMza ! guptavazIya rAjAoMke nAmoMke aMtameM guptanAma rahatA thA, isa kAraNa yaha vaMza 'gupta' nAmase prakhyAta huA thA / isa vaMzakA sarva prathama rAjA cadragupta nAmakA thA / itihAsame yaha candragupta prathamake nAmase paricita hai / IsavI tIsarI zatAbdike lagabhaga pATaliputrapara jaina dharmame khyAti prApta licchavi vaMzakA adhikAra thaa| caMdragupta pratha mane isI licchavivaMzakI rAjakumArI kumAra devIse vivAha karake pATalIputrako apane AdhIna kiyA thaa| isI rAjAse guptarAjyakA nIMvAropaNa huA thA / isa rAjAne apanA saMvat calAyA thA, jise kati'paya vidvAn 26 pharavarI san 320 I0se Arambha honA batAte hai / saMbhavata. isI tithiko candraguptakA rAjyatilaka huA thaa| usane * mama0 jAyasavAlajIne Adhravazake antima rAjAkA samaya san 231-238 I0 pragaTa kiyA hai| (javioso0 16-2797 aura AdhoMke pazcAta gupta rAjAoM kA rAjya huA zAstroM meM kahA gayA hai| isa apekSA 'harivazapurANa' meM guptoMkA rAjyakAla jo 221 varSa likhA hai vaha prAyaH ThIka baiThatA hai|

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [89 'mahArAjAdhirAja' kI padavI dhAraNa kI thI aura apane nAmake soneke sikke calAye the / dakSiNa bihAra, avadha, tirhata aura usake nikaTavartI jiloMmeM usakA rAjya thA / candraguptane kula dasa yA paMdraha varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| usake bAda candraguptakA beTA samudragupta rAjA huA / yaha vaDA yogya aura yazasvI zAsaka thaa| vidvAn samudragupta / loga ise hida nepoliyana anumAna karate hai / yaha vidvAn aura pratibhAzAlI kavi bhI thA / saMgIta vidyAse bhI use baDA prema thaa| usane saikar3oM yuddhoMme vijaya prApta kI thii| isake kAraNa usake zarIrameM aneka ghAvoMke cihna the| pahale samasta uttarI bhAratako vaza karake usane dakSiNa bhAratapara apanI vijaya patAkA phaharAI / usane azvamedha yajJa bhI kiyA thaa| aura mahArAjAdhirAjakI upAdhi dhAraNa kI thii| ilAhAbAdake kilevAle stambha lekhase pragaTa hai ki use saba rAjA apanA samrATa mAnate the| videzI rAjyoMse bhI usakA saMbandha thaa| vauddha granthakAra vasubandhuse usakA ghaniSTa saMvandha thaa| samudraguptakA uttarAdhikArI unakA caMdragupta nAmaka putra thaa| __ yaha unakA jyeSTha putra nahIM thA, parantu samudracandragupta dvitIya guptane unheM hI apanA yuvarAja banAyA thaa| (vikramAditya) usakI upAdhi 'vikramAditya' thI aura vaha san 375 I0meM gaddIpara baiThA thaa| candraguptane saurASTra, mAlavA aura kAThiyAvADako jItakara apane rAjyameM milAyA aura kSatrapavaMgI zaka logoMko lar3AImeM harAyA thaa| usakI

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90] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjadhAnI ujjaina vyApArakA kendra thA aura usame vidvAnoMkA acchA jamAva thaa| jyotiSa vidyAkA yahA eka acchA vidyAlaya thaa| jisameM nakSatroM aura tAroMkI parIkSA hotI thii| prAcIna kAlase pazcimake agaNita vaMdaragAhoMke sAtha ujjainakA samparka thaa| caMdraguptake rAjakAlame usakI unnati khUba huii| candragupta vikramAdityake zAsanakAlame phAzAna nAmaka cInI yAtrI bhAratame AyA thaa| cIna dezase calacInI yAtrI phAhyAna / kara vaha bhAratake uttara pazcimIya sImA prAtake muhAneme bhAratame praviSTa huA thA / vaha cha. varSe taka bhAratame ghUmatA rahA thaa| bhAratame Akara usane bauddha dharma aura pAlI evaM saMskRta bhApAkA adhyayana kiyA thaa| bauddhadharma saMbaMdhI aneka granthoMko vaha cIna legayA thaa| sacamuca phAhyAnakA dharma prema atyanta sarAhanIya aura anukaraNIya hai| isa yAtrAme use kula 15 varSa lage the| usane apane bhramaNa-vRtAtameM tatkAlIna bhAratakA acchA varNana likhA hai| usane bhAratake madhya dega' ke sambandhame likhA hai ki prajA prabhUta aura sukhI hai / vyavahArako likhA par3hI aura paMcAyata kucha nahIM hai| ve rAjAkI bhUmi jotate hai aura usakA aMza dete hai,jahA cAheM jAya, jahA cAheM raheM / rAjA na prANa daNDa detA hai na zArIrika daNDa detA hai| aparAdhIko avasthAnusAra uttama sAhasa vA madhyaya sAhasakA artha daNDa diyA jAtA hai| vAra kAra dasyukarma karanepara dakSiNa karaccheda kiyA jAtA hai / rAjAke pratihAra aura sahacara vetana bhogI hote hai / sAre dezame sivAya cADAlake koI adhivAsI na jIva hiMsA karatA hai, na madya pItA hai aura

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [91 na lahasuna khAtA hai / dasyuko cADAla kahate hai / ca vAhara rahate hai aura nagarameM jaba paiThane hai to sUcanAke liye lakaDI bajAne calate haiM ki loga jAna jAya aura bacakara caleM ! kahIM unase chU na jaay| janapaDhameM sUara aura murgI nahIM pAlate / na jIvita pazu becane hai / na kahIM sUnAgAra aura madyakI dUkAneM hai / kraya vikrayame kauDiyokA vyavahAra hai| kevala cADAla machalI mArane, mRgayA karate aura mAMsa becate hai / yaha usa samayake rAmarAjyakA varNana hai| pATaliputra bhI unnatipara thaa| azokakA mahala abhItaka maujUda thaa| 'loga dhanADhya aura sukhI the| dAnazIla saMsthAoM aura aspatAloMkI saMkhyA bahuta thii| pATaliputra meM eka aisA ampatAla thA, jisameM bhojana aura vastra bhI muphta diye jAte the| rAjA prajAke kAmoMmeM bahuta kama hastakSepa karatA thA / saDakeM acchI thiiN| DAkuo aura luTerokA Dara nahIM thaa| vidyAkA bhI khUba pracAra thaa| paThana-pAThanakA Dhaga maukhika thaa| aura prajAko dhArmika svataMtratA thii| phAhyAna likhatA hai ki " madhyapradezame 96 pAkhaNDokA pracAra hai| saba loka aura paraloka mAnate haiN| unake sAdhusaMgha haiN| ve bhikSA karate haiM, kevala bhikSApAtra nahIM rakhate / saba nAnA rUpase dharmAnuSThAna karate hai| mArgopara dharmazAlAye sthApita hai| vahA Aye gayeko AvAsa, khATa, vistara, khAnA pInA milatA hai| yatI bhI vahAM Ate jAte hai aura vAsa karate hai|" phAhyAnake isa varNanase pragaTa hai ki madhyadezame (mathurAse dakSiNa ) usa samaya bauddhadharmake atirikta anya matoMkA pracAra bhI 1-phAhyAna, pR031.2-bhAi0, pR091-92.3-phAhyAna, pR046|

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92] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kAphI thaa| isase vahA ahiMsA dharmakI pradhAnatA aura aise sAdhusagha vatalAkara ki jinake anuyAyI bhikSApAtra nahIM rakhate the. vaha hameM jainadharmake vahu pracArake darzana karAne hai, kyoMki jainamatame hI bauddhoMke atirikta 'saMgha' banAnekI pRthA hai aura jaina sAdhu bhikSApAtra nahIM rakhate / saMkAzya, zrAvastI, rAjagRha Adi sthAnoMme vaha spaSTata. jainadharmakA prabhAva pragaTa karatA hai / ' phAhyAna likhatA hai ki sakAzyake sambandhame bauddho aura jainoMme vivAda huA / bhikSu (bauddha) nigrahasthAnapara Arahe the| isase pragaTa hai ki usa samaya jainoMkA vahApara prAbalya adhika 'thaa| saMkAzya sambhavata. jainoMkA prAcIna tIrtha thA aura bahuta karake vaha bhagavAna vimalanAthanIkA taponthAna thaa| usakA apara nAma 'aghahata' (aghahatiyA) isI vAtakA dyotaka hai / yahApara Aja bhI aneka jaina mUrtiyA milatI hai| zrAvastIme bhI bauddhoM aura "jainoMme paraspara vivAda honekA ullekha vaha karatA hai / brAhmaNose bhI jhagaDA hotA thaa| sArAzataH usa samaya saMpradAyoMme eka dUsareko nIcA dikhAnekI spardhA cala rahI thii| usa kAlameM hiMdudharmakA punarutthAna huA thaa| navIna hiMdU dharma ibhI samaya saMgaThita huA aura adhikAza hiMdU purANoMkI racanA bhI isI samaya huI thI ! kahate hai ki candragupta vikramAditya vaiSNava saMpradAya yukta the / kitu phAhyAnake ukta varNanase yahAke rAjAkA caMdragupta aura jainadharma / parama ahiMsA dharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai| aura yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya yahAM caMdragupta 1-phAhyAna, pR0 35-36, va pR0 40-45

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [93 vikramAdityakA hI rAjya thaa| ata. sabhava hai ki candragupta dvitIyakA prema jainadharmake prati thA / yaha to pramANita hI hai ki bauddhoM aura janoMke sAtha usakA vartAva acchA thaa| jaina graMthoMme kathA hai| ki jainAcArya middhamena divAkarane ' avantI' ke mahAkAlake maMdirameM eka atizaya dikhAkara vikramAditya rAjAko jaina dharmAnuyAyI banAyA thaa| sva0 mahAmahopAdhyAya DA0 zatIzacandrajI vidyAbhUSaNane. vikramAdityake darabArake nau kabiglome parigaNita kSapaNakako siddhasena hI pragaTa kiyA hai aura yaha vikramAditya caMdragupta dvitIyake atirikta aura koI nahIM hai| vikrama saMvatake pracAraka vikramAditya inase bhinna IsAkI prathama zatAlime huye the| prasiddha kavi kAlidAsa bhI unhIMke samayame huye the| mAlama hotA hai ki varAha mihirake samakAlIna kAlidAsa dRmare the| siddhasenakA samaya bhI IsAkI cauthI zatAbdi pragaTa hotA hai / ataH yaha hosaktA hai ki caMdragupta vikramAdityako bhI siddhamena divAkarane unake rAjyake atame jainI banAliyA ho|' caMdraguptakI mRtyuke bAda san 413 I0 meM usakA putra kumAra gupta rAjasihAsanapara ArUDha huA thaa| 'guptavaMzake atima raajaa| usane azvamedha yajJa kiyA thaa| usake rAjyameM hUNa logoMne bhAratapara hamalA kiyA thA aura san 455 me vaha unake sAtha lar3hAI meM mArA gyaa| 1-bhAi0 pR091 / 2-vIra, varSa 1 pR0 471 / 3-alAhAbAda yunIvarsiTI sTaDIja bhA0 2 (The date of Kandas)! 4-vIra varSa 1 pR0 335 va pR0 471 / - .

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94 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | usakA uttarAdhikArI usakA beTA skadhagupta thA / svaguptake samaya me bhI hUNokA AkramaNa huA thA, kiMtu usane unako laDAIme harA diyA thA / vaha baDA cIra yoddhA thA / usakA eka yuddha bulandazahake jaina dharmAnuyAyI pupyamitra vazIya rAjAoge huA thA aura usame bhI isakI jIna huI thI / yaha puSpamitra usa samaya dhana aura senAse yukta prabala rAjA the ora kani kake samaya se yaha bulanda - zahara me jAvase the / skandhaguptake rAjya kAlame gorakhapura jileke pUrvapaTaneme 90 mIla kahauma ( kakubhagrAma ) grAmame eka bhavya jaina maMdira mAnastaMbha sahita nirmita huA thA / staMbhAvara eka lekha gupta saMvata 141 ( I0 san 460 ) kA hai, jisase pragaTa hai ki sAdhuoMke saMsargase pavitra, kakubha - grAma - ratna, guNasAgara, somilakA putra mahAdhanI bhaTTimoma thA / unake putra vistIrNa yazavAle rudramoma huye aura unako madra nAmaka putraralakI prApti huI / yaha madra brAhmaNa varNakA thA aura yaha guruoM aura yatiyoMme prItimAna thA / isIne AdinAthase Adile pAca tIrthakaroM kI pratimAyeM sthApita karAI / aura staMbha banavAyA thA / jhAsI jileke devagaDha nAmaka sthAname bhI jainoMkA prAbalya adhika thA / yaha sthAna bhI guptasAmrAjyake antargata 1- bhAprArA0 bhA0 2 pR0 287 - skavaguptake miTArIvAle lekha meM hai, (pakti 10) - vicalitakula lakSmI stambhanAyodyatena kSititalAyanIye yena nItA triyAmA / samu - (pakti 11) - ditavalakoSAnpupyamitrAzca jitvA kSitipacaraNapIThe sthApito vAmapAda / 2 - vaprA jaismA0 pR0 187 - Curps Irs Ind Vol III. 3- saprAjaismA0, pR0 4-5 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaina dharma / [95 thaa| kahane he ki devagar3hame pArAgAha aura unake do bhAI devapati aura khevapati bar3e prabhAvazAlI the| unane devagar3hame kaI eka jaina maMdira banavAye the| nkandaguptane hUNoMko parAsta kara diyA thA, parantu ve hatAza ___nahIM huye / unake AkramaNa bhAratapara barAbara gupta rAjyakI avanati hone se| 'unake rAjA toramANane gupta va rAjyapravandha / rAjyakA pazcimIya deza jIta liyaa| aura san 510 I0 taka rAjapUtAnA, mAlavA, gujarAta. madhyapradeza Adi deza huNoke AdhIna hogaye / isa chinna bhinna hone huye sAmrAjyakI dazAko sambhAlaneke liye guptavaMzake aMtima rAjA bhAnugupsane prayajJa viyA, parantu use saphalatA prApta na huI, aura guptavaMga naSTa hogayA / isa vazake saba hI rAjA bar3e yogya aura tejamvI the / unhone apane apane rAjyakA acchA prabandha kiyAthA, jisame prajA sukhI thI / umasamayakI Arthika sthiti bar3I acchI thii| taba uttara aura madhyabhAratameM chai AnekA mana savAmana nela vikatA thA aura eka rupayA eka manuSya ke tIna mahIneke bhojanake liye paryApta hotA thaa|' vidvAnokA Adara bhI viropa thA aura sAhitya va kalakI unnati bhI khUba huI thii| guptakAlameM brAhmaNa, jaina aura bauddhadharma mukhya the| haivela sA0 kahate hai ki I0 tIsarI zatAbditaka prAyaH 1-saprAsmA0, pR0 47 / 2-bhADa0, pR0 93|3-maapraaraa0 mA0 2 pR0 226-227 /

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96] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / tatkAlIna dharma va saba hI rAjakIya athavA anya dAna jaina aura sAhitya ! bauddha sasthAoMko diye jAte the| brAhmaNa vargakI mAnyatA tabataka na kucha thii|' kitu guptakAlame brAhmaNokA bhAgya camakA thaa| guptarAjAoMkI rAjadhAnI brAhmaNa dharmakA kendra vana gaI aura navIna vaidika dharmakA punarutthAna hogayA / itanepara bhI janasAdhAraName jaina aura bauddha dharmokI pradhAnatA akSuNNa rahI thii| jaina maThoMme uccakoTikI zikSAkA prabandha prAya dezabharame thaa| ina tInoM dharmo ke vidvAnoMme parassara sA bhI khUba thI, jaise ki pahale likhA jAcukA hai| brAhmaNa vargakI mukhya bhASA saMskRta thiiN| kitu jainoM aura bauddhoMke granya ava bhI prAkRta aura pAlI bhASAoMmeM the| rAjyakA saMrakSaNa pAkara isa samaya saskR takA pracAra aura mahatva baDha rahA thA / bauddhoMne bhI saMskRtame grantha racanA prArambha kara dI thI aura unakI dekhAdekhI jainoMne bhI saskR tako pradhAnatA dI thI, parantu isakA artha yaha nahIM hai ki isa samayake pahale jainoMme saMskRta racanAokA abhAva thaa| isa samayake granthoMme mukhya viSaya tarka aura nyAya thaa| vidvAnoMme paraspara vADha hote the| siddhasenadivAkarake samAna caturdaza vidyA 1-himArUi0, pR0 147 / 2-himArUi0, pR0 156|guptkaalmeN saMskRta bhASAkA adhika pracAra huaa| kavi kAlIdAsa nAmaka koI kavi isI samaya hue the| amarakoSa, AryabhaTTakA gaNita zAstra, varAhamihirakA jyotiSa pratha aura dhanvatarikA vaidyaka vijJAna isI samayakI racanAyeM haiN| 3-jaihi0, bhA0 19 pR0 156 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaindhrm| [975 pAraMgata brAhmaNa vidvAn eka aise hI bAdameM parAjita hokara jaina hogaye the| unake udgAroMse patA lagatA hai ki " usa samaya sarala vAda-paddhati aura AkarSaka zAMtivRttikA logoMpara bahuta acchA prabhAva paDatA thaa| niryantha akele dukele hI aise sthalopara jApahuMcate the, aura brAhmaNAdi paravAdI vistRta-ziSyasamUha aura janasamudAyake sahita rAjasI ThATavATake sAtha peza Ate the, nobhI jo yaza nirgranthoMko milatA thA vaha una prativAdiyoMko aprApya thaa| loga brAhmaNoMke jalpavitaNDA-paripUrNa zuSka vAda aura karmakADake prapaMcase Uba gaye the aura zAtipUrNa sAtvika mArgake. utsuka bana gaye the|"" jaina RpiyoM kI pratibhAzAlI pavitra lekhanI inhIM guNAko paripuSTa karanevAlI graMtha racanAmeM pravarta huI thii| jainAcAryo meM isa samaya prAyaH saba hI AcArya dakSigabhArata athavA mAlavA aura gujarAtakI orake nivAsI the| inakA vizada varNana hama, nImare khaMDameM kareMge / inameM bhI kundakundAcArya, ravipeNAcArya, umAsvAti. yatipama, vaNNadeva, kezavacaMdra, siddhasena divAkara ityAdi AcArya vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / inakI mUlyamaya rcnaaoNse| mAnavoMkA baDA upakAra huvA thA / adhyAtmavAda, darzana, jyotiSa, itihAsa, kAvya Adi viSayoMmeM apUrva racanAyeM huI thiiN| vimalasUrikA 'paumacariya ' jainarAmAyaNakI eka bahuprAcIna aura mUlyamaI AvRtti hai / yaha AcArya nAgilavaMzake vijaya nAmaka AcAryake ziSya the / / gurUziSya paraMparAse cale Aye huye rAmacaritako inhoMne vI. ni. saM0 1-jaihi0 bhA0 14 pR0 156-157

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*98] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| 530 meM gAthAvaddha kiyA thA / zrI mallipepaNajIkA ' nAgakumAra carit ' isasamayake itihAsakA dyotaka hai / 2 / bhagavatI ArAdhanA ' zivArya mahArAjakI racanA he aura imame jaina muniyoMke caritrakA acchA vivecana hai| yaha AcArya Arya jinanandigaNi, Arya sarvaguptagaNi aura Arya mitrananTika samakAlIna the| anu. -mAnata yaha samantabhadrAcArya jIse so do sau varSa pahale huye the / ' umAsvAtijIkA 'tatvArthasUtra' jaina darzanako gAgarameM sAgarake samAna pragaTa karanevAlA hai| sarvanandi AcAryakA bhUgola viSayaka gratha * lokavibhAga ' vi0 saM0 458 meM racA gayA thaa| isaprakAra aneka AcAryone jaina darzanake abhyudaya aura janakalyANa kI dRSTise atula graMtharacanAkI thI / itanA hI kyo ? vaha prANImAtrakI hita dRSTise apane zAtimaya ekAntavAsako bhI ekataraha vismaraNa kara cuke the| ve ' jagatake ' kalyANArtha aura parama puruSa mahAvIrake mokSamArgakA satyalla sthApanArtha, maunadharmako tyAgakara jana sahavAsameM' Agaye aura vAda-vivAdake yuddhakSetrameM upasthita hokara, apane pratipakSiyoMkA mukAbalA karane lge| unake isa zuma prayAsase janatAko yathArtha dharmakA svarUpa jJAta rahA aura vaha kriyA 1-jaihi0 bhA0 11 pR0 133 va kali0 pR0 36 bhUo sAhu paramparAe sayala loye Thiya pAyaDa / ettAhe vimaleNa suttasahiya gAhA'nibaddha kaya // 102 // pacaveya vAsasayA dumamAe tIsa varIsa saMjutA / vIre siddhamuvagae tao nijaddha ima cariyaM ||103||2-ihikaa0, bhA0 2 'pR0 189 / 3-jehi0 bhA0 11 pR0 548 / 4-tatvArthasUtra (S. B. J ) bhUmikA / 5-ihikA0 bhA0 2 pR. 451 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaina dhrm| [99 kalApako vizeSa mahatvakI dRSTise nahIM dekhatI rhiiN| jainadharma bhI abhItaka apane naisargika rUpako dhAraNa kiye huye thA / pUjA-pAThakI sAdagI aura vAtsalyabhAvakI vizAlatA usameM bhI aba bhI maujUda thii| samantabhadra svAmI samyaktva yukta eka cAMDAlako devoMdvArA baMdanIya ThaharAne hai| aura unake TIkAkAra zrI prabhAcaMdrAcArya use eka rAjAkI barobarImeM baiThane yogya vatalAte hai / mathurAke purAtatvase jinendrabhagavAnakI pUjA-arcanAkI saralatA spaSTa hai / bhaktajana apanera varoMke phala-phUla Adi sAmigrI lejAte the / aura strI-puruSa ekasAtha milakara pUjA-arcA karate the| jina pratimAyeM bhI dAnakI vastuyeM batAI gaI hai| jaba nirgrantha saMgha vi0 saM0 136 meM digaMbara aura zvetA vara nAmaka do saMpradAyome vibhakta hogayA, digambara jaina sNgh| to digaMbara saMpradAyakA ullekha mUla saMghake rUpameM hone lagA aura vaha cAra saMghoM evaM gaNAdimeM baMTagayA, yaha likhA jAcukA hai| isa mUla saMvakI sthApanA bhI bhadrabAhu dvitIyake samaya huI thii| bhadrabAhuke uttarAdhikArI guptagupti nAmaka AcArya the, jinake upara nAma arhaDali aura vizAkhAcArya the| mUlasaMghameM uparAMta mAghanaMdi prathama, jinacaMdra prathama, kuMdakundAcArya, umAsvAmI, lohAcArya dUsare, yaza kIrti. yazonaMdi, devanaMdi prathama ( pUjyapAda), jayanaMdi, guNanaMdi prathama, vajranaMdi, kumA 1-razrA0 pR027 samyagdarzanasampannamapi mAtaGgadehajam / devA deva vidurbhasmagUDhAgArAntaraujasam // 28 // 2-razrA0 pR0 49 / 3-vIra, varSa 4 pR0 304-311 / 4-Iai0. bhA0 20 pR0-346|

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100] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ranaMdi, lokacaMdra prathama, prabhAcaMdra prathama, nemicaMdra prathama, bhAnunaMdi, jayanandi (sihanandi ), vasunandi, vIranandi. ratanandi, isa samayake lagabhaga huye the| ina AcAryoMkA kendasthAna ujjainake nikaTa bhaddalapura thA / kitu eka ' gurvAvali ' me zrI lohAcArya dUsareke uparAta pUrvakA paTTa aura uttarakA paTTa isa taraha do paTTa sthApita huye batAye gaye hai| aura dakSiNa bhAratame mAnyatA hai ki isa samaya cAra paTTa sthApita huye the, jiname do dakSiNa bhAratame the. eka kolhApurame thA aura eka dillIme / ina paTTAvaliyoMme paraspara aura itihAsa viruddha itanA kathana hai ki inakI sava hI bAtoMko jyoMkA tyoM svIkAra karalenA kaThina hai|" jo ho, yaha spaSTa hai ki gupta sAmrAjya kAlame jainadharmakI unnati vizeSa thii| candragupta vikramAdityakI rAjadhAnI ujjaina jaina dharmakA kendra aba bhI thii| rajanaMdike pAcave paTTadhara mahAkIrti bhaddalapurase ujjaina Agaye the| yaha sava AcArya nigraMtha munivat rahate the / gupta kAlake vidvAnoM jaise amarasiMha, varAhamihira, Adine bhI apane graMthoMmeM jainoMkA ullekha kiyA hai / isase bhI usa samaya jainadharmakA unnata rUpame honA pragaTa hai / prAcIna kAlase mathurA, ujjaina, girinagara, kAMcIpura, paTanA Adi nagara jainoMke kendrasthAna rahe hai / guptakAlameM bhI unako vahI mahatva prApta thaa| 1-jaihi0 bhA0 6 aka 7-8 pR0 29 va iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 351 / 2-iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 352 / 3-jaihi0 bhA0 6 aka 7-8 pR0 23 / 4-jaiga0 bhA0 22 pR0 37 / 5-razrA0, jIvanI, pR0114-196|6-iiai0 bhA0 20 pR0 352 /

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jainadharma / [101 baMgAlameM isa kAlameM pahAr3apurakA nigraMtha saMgha prasiddha thA / x usake adhyakSa AcArya guhanaMdi, saMbhavataH naMdi baGgAkaliGgameM jainadharma / saMghake the| bauddhagraMtha dAThAvaMsose pragaTa hai ki paTanAkA tatkAlIna rAjA pANDU bhI jainabhakta thaa| kaliGgameM jainadharma aba bhI rASTradharma banA huA thaa| vahAMkA guhagiva nAmaka rAjA digambara jainadharmakA anuyAyI thA / isa prakAra jainadharma usa samaya unnata rUpameM thaa| vidyAke sAtha hI lalitakalAkI bhI unnati guptarAjAoMke samaya vizeSa huI thii| sthApatya bhAskara-zilpa guptakAlakI lalitakalA / aura citrakArI to isa samayakI dekhane banatI hai| saMyuktaprAMtake jhAMsI jilemeM lalitapurake pAsa devagar3hake jainamaMdira isa samayake bhAskara zilpakA sarvotkRSTa namUnA hai / kitu duHkha hai ki jainone isa ramya aura pavitra sthAnake prati udAsInatA grahaNa kara rakkhI hai| sarakArI purAtatva vibhA__gake adhikArame unhoMne isako leliyA thA kitu bahuta prayatnake bAda vaha kSetra punaH jainoMke hAthameM AyA hai / isa samaya dhAtukI acchI2 mUrtiyA banI milatI hai / dillIkA lohastambha bhI isI samayakA banA huA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai; jo apane adabhutapanake liye prasiddha hai / ajantAkI guphAoMkA Alekhya aura citrakArI sarvotkRSTa hai| ye guphAyeM bahuta prAcIna haiM, parantu inameM sabase bar3hiyA kAma isI samayakA banA huA hai| mathurA aura kAzI bhI lalitakalAke kendra xiMhikA0 bhA0 7 pR0 441 / / +dAThAvaso a0 2 va digammaratva aura di0 muni pR0 125 //

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102] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| the| usa samaya yahA lalitakalAoMkI zikSAkA khAsA pravandha thA aura yahAkI kalAkA prabhAva videzoMkI kalApara bhI par3A thaa|' guptakAlame bhAratIya vyApArakI bhI khUba unnati huI thii| jaina zreSTI dUra dUra dezome vyApAra karate the| usa samayake vyaapaarii| pazcimIya dezose yaha vyApAra khUba bar3hA thaa| romake jahAja dakSiNa bhAratame Ate the aura masAle, itra, hAthIdAta, bar3hiyA vastra, patthara Adi lejAte the| mitra dezakA alekajanDiyA nagara tava bhI isa bhAratIya vyApArakA kendra thA / vahA bhAratIya vyApArI maujUda the| dezame tava vyApArake kaI mArga the / eka to maurya rAjAoMke kAlakI saDaka pATaliputrakI pazcimottara sImAtaka jAtI thii| dUmarI macchalIpaTTanase bhar3aucako jAtI thii| bhaDauca prasiddha bandaragAha thaa| romake vidvAn linIkA kathana hai ki romase prativarSa lAkhoM rupayA bhAratako jAtA thA / jAvA Adi pUrvIya dezoMke sAtha bhI vyApAra hotA thaa| isakA sambandha khAsakara kaliGga dezase thaa| madhya-aiziyAme eka hUNa nAmakI jAti rahatI thii| isa jAtine bhAratapara AkramaNa kiyA thA aura huunn-raajy| usake saradAra toramANane san 510 ke lagabhaga bhAratame apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thA, yaha pahale kaha cuke hai| usake bAda usakA putra mihirakula hUNoMkA rAjA huA / vaha bar3hA atyAcArI zAsaka thA / kahate hai 1-bhAi0 pR095-96| 2-jamIso0 bhA0 18 pR0 310 / 3-bhAi0 pR0 97 / 4-iMhikA0 bhA0 1 pR0 315 //

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gupta sAmrAjya aura jaindhrm| [103 ki pahale vaha vauddha thA, kiMtu kAraNavaza ruSTa hokara usane bauddhoMko naSTa karanekI AjJA dedI thii| bauddhadharmake kitane hI stUpa aura vihAra usane tur3avADAle aura lAkhoM manupyoMke prANa le liye the| vaha kaTTara zava thA aura anya dharmokA tiraskAra karatA thaa| dezI rAjAoMne usake viruddha eka saMgha racA, jisake netA mAlavAnareza yagodharmana aura magadhake rAjA nRsihavAlAditya the / san 528 I0 ke lagabhaga isa saMvane use kahairAra nAmaka sthAnapara harA diyaa| aura vaha kAzmIrakI ora bhAga diyaa| mihirakulake bAda bhAratake rAjA yazodharmana hue| yazodharmana __ bar3e pratibhAzAlI rAjA aura vIra yoddhA the| yazodharmA / mandasaurame mile hue lekhase pragaTa hai ki hoMgara aMtima vijaya usIne prApta kI thii| usakA rAjya bahuta baDA thaa| brahmaputranadIse pUrvI ghATataka aura himAlaya parvatase samudra taTake rAjAoMko usane apane AdhIna kiyA' thaa| mi0 jAyasavAla yazodharmanako purANa varNita kalki avatAra pramANita karate hai| jaina graMthoMme kalkiA nAma caturmukha, usake pitAkA nAma indra aura putrakA nAma ajitaMjaya milatA hai / kalkine 42 varSa rAjya kiyA thaa| apanI digvijayake uparAta vaha jaina muniyoMko khUba trAsa dene lagA thaa| hiMduoM ke kalkipurANase bhI yaha bAta pragaTa hai| antameM ukhakA nAza eka asura dvArA huA 1-bhAi0 pR0 98 / 2-bhAprArA0 2 pR0 332 / 3-jehi0 bhA0 13 pR0 516-522) 4-trilokaprajJapti gA0 101-1066 hi0 bhA0 13 pR0 534 / 5-jaihi0 bhA0 522 /

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104] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / thA aura usakA putra ajitajaya gajyAdhikArI huA thA, jisane jaina dhamakI rakSA kI thii| yazodharmanakI mRtyu san 533 I0 ke laga-bhaga huI anumAna kI jAtI hai aura phira usake bAda do tInamo varSa -taka mAlavAke itihAsakA kucha bhI patA nahIM calatA hai / ho sakatA hai ki yazodharmankA putra rAjyAdhikArI huA ho, jaise ki jainagraMtha 'pragaTa karate hai / jainoMkA AcArya-paTTa isa samaya bhI ujjainame thA / (5) harSavardhana aura cInIyAntrI huenasAMga / mihirakulakI parAjayake vADha bhAratakA rAjya chinnabhinna hogyaa| chaThI zatAbdime koI aisA rAjA nahIM thA jo ipvrddhn| sAre dezako apane adhikArame karatA / isa zatAbdime aneka choTe 2 svataMtra rAjya sthApita hogaye the| chaThI zatAbdike antima bhAgame thAnezvarake rAjA 'prabhAkara varddhanane uttarIya bhAratameM apanA rAjya sthApita kiyA thaa| san 604 I0 me usakI mRtyu hogaI / usakA jyeSTha putra rAjyavardhana zazAGkanAmaka rAjAke hAthoMse dhokheme mAraDAlA gayA thA / mAlavA narezake bandIgRhase apanI vahinako mukta karaneke liye usane unase yuddha kiyA thA aura usameM vijaya prApta kI thii| rAjyavardhanake bAda usakA bhAI harSavardhana huA thaa| vaha san 606 meM gaddIpara baiThA thaa| harSa zrIharSa aura zilAdityake nAmase bhI prasiddha thA / vaha bar3A vIra thA / usane baMgAla AsAmase kAzmIra

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huentsaaNg| [105 taka aura nepAlase narmadAtaka sAre deza apane AdhIna kara liye the| parantu san 620 I0 meM jaba vaha vijayakI lAlasAse dakSiNakI ora bar3hA to cAlukya vaMzake prasiddha rAjA pulakezI dvitIyane use harA diyaa| harpane kannaujako apanI rAjadhAnI banAyA thA aura vaha zAtipUrvaka rAjya karatA rahA / usane eka saMvat bhI calAyA thA; parantu vaha adhika dinoMtaka nahIM TikA / harpakA zAsana pravandha vaDA acchA thA / harSa varSARtume bhI sAre degame daurA karatA thA aura badamAzoMko daNDa tathA bhale AThamiyoMko inAma detA thaa| usakA phaujadArI kAnUna kar3A thA / ' sarakArI daphtaroMkA prabandha acchA thaa| zikSAkA bhI khUva pracAra thaa'|' nAlandakA bauddha vizvavidyAlaya prakhyAt thA / samAjameM vidvAnoM aura paNDitoMkA rAjAose bhI adhika mAna thaa| sar3akoMpara dharmazAlAyeM thiiN| uname dIna-hIna pathikoMko bhojana aura vImAroMko auSadhi bhI milatI thii| kisAnoMme upajakA chaThA bhAga liyA jAtA thaa| rAjya karmacAriyoMko ucita vetana milatA thaa| loga satyavAdI aura sarala hRdaya the| rAjA sava dharmokA Adara karatA thaa| usane apane rAjyameM jIvahisA tathA mAMsa bhakSaNakI manAhI karadI thii| jo koI isa AjJAko nahIM mAnatA thA, use prANadaNDa milatA thaa| pratyeka pA~caveM varSa rAjA harSa vaDe samArohase prayAga jAtA thA aura gaMgA-yamunAke saMgamapara dAna karatA thA / harSa vidvAn bhI bar3A thaa| vaha svayaM gadya-padyamaya racanAyeM racatA thaa| usake likhe huye nAgAnanda ratnAvalI aura priyadarzikA nATaka abhItaka maujUda hai| usake 1-bhAi0 pR0 100-103

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106] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | * daravArame vAkavi prasiddha the | unane 'harSacarita ' nAmaka aitihA mika pustaka bar3e kAmakI likhI hai| usame likhA hai ki harSa rAjA jaba gahana jaGgalame jApahuMcA to usane vahA aneka prakAra ke tapastrIdekhe | uname nagna AI ( jaina ) sAdhu bhI the| san 647 I0 me harpakA dehAnta hogayA thA / usake sAmrAjyake chinna bhinna hone hI uttara bhAratame sarvatra azAti phailAI thI / ' harSavardhanakA zAsanakAla apanI sAmAjika udAratA liye bhI ullekhanIya hai / isa samaya arthAt sAtavIM * dhArmika udAratA | zatAbdIme dhArmika kaTTaratAkA jora nahIM dikhAI par3atA thA / svayaM samrAT harSavardhana saba dharmokA Adara karate the, yadyapi unake nikaTa ziva, sUrya tathA buddhakI mAnyatA vizepa thI / harSaka bhAI bahina bauddha the aura unake pitA sUryakI upAsanA karate the / isa kAlase pahale huye prasiddha kopakAra amarasiMhake samayame bhI isa udAratAkA honA saMbhava hai / svayaM amarasiMha bauddha the aura unakI patnI jaina thIM / jaina kavi dhanaMjayakI sahadharmiNI bauddha dharmakA Adara karatI thiiN| yaha paristhiti dhArmika kaTTaratAke abhAvakI dyotaka hai / isa namaya bauddhadharmakI avanati horahI thI / jainadharmakA uttarIya bhAratame pahale jaisA vizeSa pracAra pragaTa nahIM hotaa| adhikAMza janatA paurANika hiMdU dharmako mAnatI thI / brAhmaNaloga prabhAvazAlI the / pardAkA rivAja nahIM thA / harSakI vidhavA vahina rAjyazrI rAjasabhAme baiThanI aura vArtAlApa 1-bhAi0 pR0 103-104 / 2 - jaina mitra varSa 6 aMka 4 pR0 11 /

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huentsaaNg| [107. karatI thii| vAlavivAha nahIM hote the| harpakAlIna sAmAjikasthitike vipayame zrIkRSNacandra vidyAlaGkAra kA kahanA hai ki "(vaidika kAlIna) bhAratake sAmAjika sthiti / sAmAjika jIvanakI sabase mukhya saMsthAme varNa vyavasthA aura Azrama vyavasthA hai| harSakAlameM ina donoM saMsthAokA astitva susaMgaThita rUpame vidyamAna thA; yadyapi bauddhoM aura jainiyoke samAnatAvAdake pracArake kAraNa ye donoM saMsthAyeM uttane Adarza aura vyApaka rUpame nahIM rahI thiiN| harSakAlameM bauddho aura jainiyokI bahuta bar3I zreNiyA vidyamAna thiiN| inake anuyAyiyoMkI saMkhyA bahuta adhika thii| uttara bhAratameM vauddho aura dakSiNI pazcimI bhAratame jainiyoMkA kAphI jora thaa| bahutase prAtIya rAjA bhI inake anuyAyI the| inake dhArmika siddhAta aura rIti-rivAjakA bhI tatkAlIna samAjame sAdhuoM, tapasviyo, bhikSuoM aura yatiyokA eka bar3A bhArI samudAya thA, jo usa samayake samAjame vizeSa mahatva rakhatA thaa| bahutase sAdhu zaharoM va gAvome ghUmara kara logAko upadeza evaM zikSA diyA karate the| yahI hAla bauddha bhikSuoM aura jaina sAdhuokA bhI thaa| sAdhAraNataH logoke jIvanako naitika evaM dhArmika vanAneme ina sAdhuoM, yatiyo aura bhikSuoMkA vaDA bhArI bhAga thaa| bauddhoMke maThoM, jaina yatiyoMke upAzrayoM aura hiMduoMke maMdiroMme zikSaNAlaya hote the| bauddha, jaina aura brAhmaNadharmame pArasparika dveSa nahIM thaa| vauddha aura jainadharmake pracArake kAraNa logoMme mAsa bhakSaNakI ruci adhika rUpase nahIM rahI thii| 3-bhAi0 pR0 104

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108] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| dakSiNa bhAratame jainadharmakA adhika pracAra hAneke kAraNa, uttarI bhAratakI apekSA, vahA mAsakA rivAja kama thaa| striyoMkI taba rAjanaitika sthiti bhI mAnI jAtI thii| unheM bhI jAyadAda dI jAtI thii| striyoMkA bhI sampattipara adhikAra hotA thaa| sAdhAraNa nAgarika-strI-nAgarika bhI apanI icchAnusAra dharmaparivartaname svatatra thaa| sAdhAraNa janatAkA prAya pratyeka kArya grAmINa paMcAyatoM dvArA hotA 'thaa| sarakArI nyAyAlaya bhI sthAna 2 para hote the| zAsana vidhAna pariSkRta rUpame thA" x san 630 I0me huenatsAga nAmaka eka cInI yAtrI bhAratame ___ AyA thaa| usane sAre bhAratakA paryaTana cInI yAtrI huena- kiyA thA aura yahA 16 varSa rahakara vaha tsAMgakA vivaraNa | san 645 I0me apane dezako lauTagayA thaa| usakI yAtrAkA hAla eka pustakame likhA milatA hai| vaha aphagAnisthAnase hokara bhAratame dAkhila huA thaa| use aphagAnistAname di0 jaina loga eka baDI saMkhyAme mile the| kAvulakA rAjA hindU thA / yadi kAvulake AsapAsake purAtatvakI khoja kI jAya, to jaina cinha milanA saMbhava hai| aphagAnistAnase agADI calakara pezAvara va kAndhArameM bhI jainoMkI bAhulyatA thii| siMhapurame hUenatsAgako digambara aura zvetAMvara donoM saMpradAyake jainI mile the| gAdhArame bhI use jainI adhika saMkhyAme mile the| xtyAgabhUmi, varSa 2 bhA0 1 pR0 300-303 / 1-kaMjAaiMiM0 / pR0 671 / 2-bhAprAsaha0 pR0 19 va kaMjAei pR0 143 / 3na / pR0671|

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- - harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huentsaaNg| [109 mAlUma hotA hai ki sikaMdara mahAnake samayase hI digambara jainokA prAbalya yahA ghaTA nahIM thaa| pezAvarake par3osame sthita kAzmIrameM bhI jaina prabhAva kAryakArI thA, aisA pratIta hotA hai| vahApara meghavAhana rAjA jainoMke samAna ahisA dharmako pAlana karanekI spardhA karatA thaa| usane yajJameM hisAkA niSedha kiyA thA aura eka jhIlake kinAre pakSiyoM aura machaliyoMko na mAranekI AjJA nikAlI thii|' kAzmIrake eka dUsare rAjA anantivarmana (san 855-883 I0) ne bhI aisI hI rAjAjJA pragaTa kI thii| ina ullekhoMse kAzmIrameM jainamuniyokA prabhAvazAlI honA pragaTa hai| isa samayake munijana prAcIna digambara bheSame rahate the, yaha vAta huenatsAMgake kathanase pramANita hai / vaha kahatA hai ki 'nigraMtha (Li-h1) loga apane zarIrako nagna rakhate hai aura bAloko nauMcaDAlana hai| unake dehakI camar3I caTakhajAtI hai aura unake paira sakhta hone aura phaTajAte hai| inhIM munijanokI pradhAnatA prAyaH sAre dezame thii| huenatsAMgako samUce bhAratavarSa meM balki usake bAhara bhI jainI vikhare hue mile the| madhya dezame bhI unakA prabhAva paryApta thaa| yaha bAta rAjA harpa dvArA bulAye gaye eka sArvadharma sammelanake vivaraNagne pragaTa hai| yaha sammelana sampradAya--vizeSakA nahIM thaa| san 643 I0 ke pharavarI aura mArca mAsameM kannaujake bAhara isa sammelana ke liye bane hue eka rAjazivirameM harSane DerA kiyA thaa| cAra 1-rAjatariGgaNI 3-7; 1-12 va 5-119|2-3-jmiiso0 bhA0 18 pR0 31 / 4-Traivelsa oNpha hyantasAga, (st. Julien, Vienna; p.224)5-iNsejai0pR045-46|6-himaalii pR0 207 /

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110] - -- - saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / hajAra bauddhabhikSu isame zAmila huye the / tIna hajAra brAmaNa aura jaina paDita the / rAjAke mitra hvenasAgase kisIne zAmrArtha nahIM kiyaa| balki usase ciDhakara kinhIM vipakSiyoMne sabhAmaTapame Aga lagAkara usakA anta kara diyaa| kahate hai ki isa kAryake upalakSame 500 brAhmaNa dezame nirvAmita kara diye gaye the| rAjA harSane savahI dharmAlambiyoMko upahAra diye the| jainA evaM anya logoMko bhI 20 dina taka yaha upahAra mile the| isa varNaname kannaujake AsapAsa jainoMkA paryApta saMkhyAme prabhAvazAlI honA pramANita hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki unheM rAja-sammelaname bhulAyA nahIM gayA thaa| ___ jaba huenatsAga vaMgAlame pahuMcA to vahA bhI use jainoMkI AbAdI 'milii| punDravarddhana (uttarIya baMgAla) me nirgrantha loga (digambara jaina) sabase adhika the / kAmarUpake dakSigame samataTa aura pUrvIya baMgAlameM bhI digambara jaina asaMkhya the| kaliGga to jainoMkA mukhya kendra thA aura dakSiNa bhAratameM bhI digambara jainokA prAvalya thaa| gujarAta aura kAThiyAvADame bhI jainoMkI saMkhyA adhika thii| vallabhInagara unakA kendra thA aura mAlavAmeM ujjaina bhI digambara jaina muniyoMkA mukhyasthAna banA huA thaa| sArAzata huenatsAgake varNanase jainoMkA prabhAvazAlI astitva usa samaya milatA hai| itihAsakAroMkI mAnyatA hai ki san 550-753 I0ke madhyavartI kAlameM bauddhadharmake hrAsa honepara jainadharma aura paurANika hindU matane vahuta unnati kI thii| 1-lAbhAi0, pR0 242-243 / 2-himAlai0, pR0 205 / 3-bhAprAsai0,bhA04 pR038 / 4-kali0, pR0 18 / 5-lAbhAi0, 'pR0 283 /

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harSavardhana aura cInI yAtrI huentsaaNg| [111 huenatsAMgane usa samaya bhAratameM eka vyavasthita zikSA praNA lIkA acchA paricaya karAyA hai| vaha kahatA tatkAlIna zikSA hai ki bAlakoMko zikSA 'siddham ' nAmaka prnnaalii| prAimarI pustakase prArana kI jAtI thii| java bAlaka sAta varSake hote the to unheM 'paMcazAstroM kA jJAna karAyA jAtA thaa| isame sarva pramukha vyAkaraNa thaa| bAdameM sAhitya aura kalA sikhAI jAtI thii| tIsare zAstrake anusAra AyurvedakA adhyayana karAyA jAtA thaa| cautheme nyAyazAstra aura sabake antameM darzanazAstrakI zikSA dIjAtI thii| yaha zikSA prAyaH saba hI saMpradAyoMke gRhasthoke liye pracalita thii| paThana-pAThanakI praNAlI maukhika thii| adhyApakagaNa baDe parizramase par3hAte the| haivela sA0 kahate hai ki bhAratIyoMkI yaha zikSA praNAlI Ajakalake zikSAkramase kahIM acchI thii|' 1-himArUi0, pR0 197 /

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saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | (6) gujarAtameM jainadharma aura zvetAmbara Agama granthoMko utpatti / prAcInakAlake tIna arthAt (1) Anarta ( 2 ) saurASTra aura (3) lATa dezoMkA nAma gujarAta hai| jainoMkI prAcInakAla se guja- mAnyatA hai ki karmabhUmikI Adime bhagavAn rAta meM jainadharma / Rtrabhadevake samaya vividha dezakA nAmakaraNa aura vibhAga huA thA / parantu usa samaya yaha deza saMbhavata sauvIrake nAmase prakhyAta thA / uparAMta bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke samayame sauvIra vartamAnake IMDara rAjya jitanA thA / yahAM prasiddha jinendrabhakta rAjA udayana rAjyAdhikArI thA / kiMtu isake pahale bhagavAn nemanAthake samayame gujarAtapara yAdavoMkA adhikAra hogayA thA / yAdavoMke agamanapara hI dvArikA nagara basAyA gayA thA aura vahI unakI rAjadhAnI thaa|' yAdavavaMzI rAjA ugrasenakA rAjya jUnAgar3hame thA / bhagavAna neminAthajIkA vivAha inhIM rAjAkI putrI rAjakumArI rAjulase honA nizcina huA thA, kintu neminAthajI bArAta se hI virakta hokara giranAra parvatapara jAkara tapazcaraNa karane lage the aura vahIMse unhoMne muktapada pAyA thA / tabase giranAra jainoMkA vaDA tIrtha hai / aitihAsika kAlame hame patA calatA hai ki gujarAtameM jaina samrAT candraguptakA rAjya thaa| unake vaizya jAtIya sAlene jUnAgar3hame 1 - hari0, pR0 396-399 / 112 ]

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-- gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [113 eka 'mudarzana nAmaka jhIla banavAI thii| bahuta saMbhava hai ki yaha zreSTIputra bhI jainadharmAnuyAyI ho| maurya caMdraguptakA prapautra samprati parama jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA, aura usane aneka jainamaMdira banavAye the, yaha likhA jAcukA hai / usakA rAjya gujarAtame bhI thA aura vahA bhI usake banAye huye maMdira Ajataka sthita batAye jAte hai, yadyapi vaha mauryakAla jitane prAcIna nahIM hai|' sampratike bhAI zAlizUkane saurASTrako vijaya kiyA thA aura jainadhamakI vizeSa prabhAvanA kI thI ata spaSTa hai ki mauryakAlase gujarAtameM jainadharmakA utkarSa khUba thA / maurya sAmrAjyake bAda gujarAtameM videzI yUnAniyoMkA adhikAra jamA thaa| samrAT khAravelane jaina dharmonnatike aneka kArya kiye the| ho saktA hai ki gujarAtame bhI unhoMne jainatihAsika kAlameM dharma prabhAvanAke liye prayAsa kiyA ho ! rAjA gujarAtakA jaindhrm| minenDara to jainadharmAnuyAyI pragaTa hI hai aura' usakA rAjya bhI gujarAta ( saurASTra ) meM thaa| kAlakAcAryake kathAnakase pragaTa hai ki ina videziyoMmeM jainasAdhu dharmapracAra karate rahate the| yahI bAta rAjA naravAhana (nahapAna)kI kathAse prakaTa hai / ina videziyoMme anekoMne jainadharma grahaNa kiyA thaa| aura unane dharma prabhAvanA karaneke saha prayatna kiye the / chatrapa nahapAnane jainamuni hokara jaina siddhAntakA uddhAra gujarAtase hI kiyA thaa| aMkalezvarameM sarva prathama jainagraMtha lipivaddha huye the| chatrapa rudrasiMhane jUnAgar3hameM vAvA pyArAkA maTha aura aparakoTakI guphAyeM jainoke liye nirmita karAi thIM, yaha pragaTa kiyA jA cukA hai| 1-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR. 94 /

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114] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| aparakoTakI guphAyeM vaha hI pratIta hotI hai jinameM dharamenAcArya apane maMca sahita rahate the| nAlama hotA hai ki girinagarake nikaTa ina guphAome jainoMkA eka nagha bahuna dinAme rahatA calA ArahA thaa| sArAlata una vigiroke nabhyame gujarAtame jainadharmakI vizeSa unnati thI / macamuca yahA para jainadharmakI gati eka bahuta prAcIna kAlase hai| chatrapavaMgake bAda gujarAtame gutarAjA adhikArI huye the| mAlUma hotA hai ki unake samayame bhI gujamadhyakAlameM gujarAta rAtame jainadharma unnata thaa| middhamena divAkara para gupta ballabhI Adi prabhRti jainAcArya jainadharmakA udyAta karate huye rAjya va jainadhama / vicara rahe the / kintu isake pahale jainAcArya zrI kundakundasvAmIkA gujagatame zubhAgamana ho cukA thA / prAcIna jainoM aura navIna arddhakAlaka (khaNDavastradhArI= zvetapaTa) jainoMme jo girinAra tIrthaka sambandhme jhagaDA horahA thA, usako unhoMne sarasvatI degakI pASANa mUrtiko vAcAla karake nivaTA diyA thaa| guptoMke bAda vallamIvaMgake rAjA loga gujarAtapara zAsana karane lage the| inakI rAjadhAnI vallabhIme thii| cIna yAtrI huenasAMgane isa nagarako bar3A samRddhinAlI pAyA thaa| vahAMpara sause Upara karoDapati the aura aneka mAthu the / dhruvapada nAmaka rAjA bauddha thA / vahA makAna va maMdira iMToM aura laDIke hone the / gajaya tIrthapara eka jaina maMdira lakaDIkA thA, jo rAjA kumAra 1-javibhoso0, bhA0 16 pR0 30-31 / 2-kaihii0, bhA0 1 pR0 166 / 3-digambara jaina DAyarekTarI pR0 765 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zva0 grNthotptti| [115 pAla solaMkIke samaya jalakara naSTa hogayA thA / aura usake sthAnapara pApANa maMdira nirmita thA / vallabhIvaMgake tAmrapatroMmeM vRSabha cinha hai aura uname bhaTTAraka zabda hai| ina donoM bAtoMkA sambandha jainadharmase hai / mAlama hotA hai isa vaMzake kaI rAjA jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| ___ san 228 I0kA zilAditya prathama nAmaka gajA ni saMdeha jainadharmAnuyAyI thA / pharistAne use bhAratakA rAjA jUna ' likhA hai / phAhyAna nAmaka cInI yAtrIko vallabhIke jaina rAjA bhAratapara rAjya karate mile the| taba isa vaMzakA zilAditya saptama nAmaka rAjA (san 390) jaina siMhAsanArUDha thaa| vallabhIme phAhAnane jina maMdiroMke darzana kiye the| usa cInI yAtrIne jainiyoke paryuSaNa parvameM rathotsavakI baDI prazaMsA likhI hai| phAhyAnane likhA hai ki una dinoMmeM dezabharameM koI kisI jaMtukA vadha nahIM karatA thA, na madirA pItA thA na lahasuna-pyAja khAtA thaa| bAjArame mUnAgAra nahIM the, na pazuoMkA vyApAra hotA thA, na kasAIkI dukAneM khulatI thIM aura na zarAvakI dukAneM thiiN| vallabhIvaMzake nAza hone'para cAlukyoMne dakSiNase Akara gujarAtapara adhikAra jamAyA thA / isa vaMzameM saMbhavataH jayasiha barmana parama bhaTTAraka (666-693 ) ko jainadharmase prema thaa| isI samaya eka choTAsA gurjara rAjya bharUcake pAsa rAjya karatA thaa| usameM jayabhaTTa prathama eka vijayI aura dharmAtmA rAjA thA tathA usakI upAdhimeM vItarAga' zabda hai / isI prakAra usake putra dahA dvitIyakI upAdhi prazAtagaga' thii| - - 1-mADarnarivyU (julAI 1932)pR 88 /

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116] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ina rAjAokA jainI honA saMbhava hai| cAlukyoMke bAda rASTrakUTa vaMzakA adhikAra gujarAtapara huA thaa| vallabhIme jaba dhruvasena prathama ( 526-535 I0) rAjya ____kara rahe the. usa samaya zvetAvara maMpradAyameM zve0 Agama graMthoMkI devarddhigaNi kSamAzramaNa nAmaka eka prakhyAt utpatti / sAdhu the| unhoMne ballabhame vatAvara jaina saMghako ekatra kiyA thA aura usame aMga graMthokA punaH saMzodhana karake unheM lipibaddha krdiyaa| isa samayake bahuta pahale hI zvatAvara saMpradAyakA janma hocukA thA aura usane aura bhI kitanI hI prAcIna vAtome raddobadala kiyA thA jaise sAdhuoke bheSame aura mUrtiyoMke nirmAName Adi / isa avasthAme kSamAzramaNake liye yaha avazyaka thA ki vaha zvetAvara jaina siddhAtako lipibaddha kara dete / brAhmaNa aura bauddha tathApi svayaM digambara jainoMke gratha pahale hI lipivaddha hocuke the / zvetAbaroMko bhI yaha ThIka nahIM jaMcA ki unake dharmagraMtha pustakarUpame lipibaddha na hoN| vaha lipibaddha kara liye gaye aura unamese 'jinacaritra ' ( mahAvIra caritra) kA vyAkhyAna AnaMdapurame rAjA dhruvasenake samakSa huA thaa| isa 1-baMprAjaismA0, pR0 195-196 / 2-'kalpasUtra' (Jacobi. ed. p. 67 ) likhA-'samaNassa bhagavo mahAvIrassa jAvasavva dukkhappahiNassa navavAsassa yAyima vikkaya-tai dasamassaya vAsassayassA ayaM asI ime savaccerakAle gacchaha iti|'-viny vijayagaNi isakI TIkAmeM likhate hai:-'balahI purammi nayare devaiDhipa muhsvlshi| puvve mAgama lihiU nava saya asI mAnuvIrAu // 3-usU0, bhUmikA pR0 16 /

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- gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grndhotptti| [117 makAra vartamAnameM zvetAMbaroMke jo Agama graMtha milate haiM, vaha I0 chaThI zatAbdike saMzodhita aura likhe huye hai| unheM zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu dvArA pratipAdita yathAjAta aMga grantha batalAnA eka ati sAhasI vaktavya hai| zvetAMbara niruktiyAM bhI ina AcAryakI racanA nahIM hai| yaha vidvAn pragaTa kara cuke hai| sAtha hI zvatAMvara Agama granthoMkA sAdRzya vauddhoMke piTaka granthoMse bahuta kucha hai| bauddhoMke piTaka-grantha zve0 graMthoMkA vauddha pAlI bhASAmeM hai aura pAlI bhASA zvetAvara graMthoMse sAdRzya / jainoMke aMgagranthoMkI arddha mAgadhI bhASAse prAcIna hai| isa avasthAmeM yaha kahA jAsakatA hai ki arddhamAgadhImeM pAlI bhASAse bahuta kucha liyA gayA hai| sAtha hI hameM mAlama hai ki vauddhoMke piTaka graMthoMkI vyavasthA zva0 jainoMke pATaliputravAle saMghake bahuta pahale hocukI thI aura vaha lipivaddha bhI zvetAMbara jainoMke aMga granthoMke likhe jAneke pahale hocuke the|' ataeva yaha saMbhava hai ki zvetAMbara Agama graMthoMmeM bahuta kucha bauDoMke piTakatrayase liyA gayA ho| bauddha zve. jainoMpara isa prakArakA AkSepa bhI karate haiN| vauddha yAtrI huenatsAMga likhatA hai.-"(siMhapura ) stUpakI vagalameM thor3I dUrapara eka sthAna hai, jahAM zvetAMbara sAdhuko siddhAtoMkA jJAna huA thA aura usane sabase pahale dharmakA upadeza diyA thaa|...in logoMne adhikatara bauddha pustakoMmeMse siddhAMtoMko 1-jainasUtra (. B B.) bhUmikA bhA0 2 pR0 39 va usU0 bhUmikA pR0 1-32 va sara Asutopa mimeriyala vAlyuma pR0 21 / 2-iMhikA0, bhA0 4 pR0 23-30 / 3-bhamavu0, pR0 188 /

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118] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / uDAkara apane dharmame sammilita kara liyA hai " / (huenatsAMgakA bhArata bhramaNa pR0 142 ) sabhavata yahI kAraNa hai ki digambara mAnyatAkI apekSA zvetAvaroM dvArA varNita bhagavAna mahAvI-jIka caritrakA sAdRzya ma0 buddhake jIvanase adhika hai / zvatAvara bhagavAna mahAvIrako ma0 buddhakI taraha yazoDhA nAmaka rAjakumArIse vivAha karate likhate hai aura batalAte hai ki unake bhAI nandavardhana the| gautamabuddhake bhAIkA nAma bhI nanda thaa| digambara graMthoMme bhagavAnakA koI bhAI bahina koI pragaTa nahIM kiyA gayA hai| uname bhagavAnake pAcoMkalyANoMke samaya vizAkhA nakSatrakA honA likhA hai, parantu zvetAMbaroMne taba hastottarA nakSatrakA honA' ma0 buddhake janma; bodhi aura parinirvANa avasaroMke samAna likhA hai / ___mahAvIrajIko zvetAmbara graMthoMme pApoMse vilaga rahanekA nizcaya jina zabdoMme ( savvaM me apaNijja pApaM ) prakaTa karate batAyA hai; karIba 2 ThIka vaise hI zabdoMme gautamabuddha vaisA hI nizcaya pragaTa karate huye bauddhagraMtha " dhammapada" (183) me batAye gaye hai (savva pApasma akaraNa) / kevala itanI hI sAzyatA nahIM hai balki vidvAnoMne pragaTa kara diyA hai ki zve. jaina aura bauddha graMthoMme anekoM eka samAna kathAnaka, vAkya, uktiyA aura upadeza hai| 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra me rAjA zreNikakA samAgama jo eka jaina munise huA . 1-sAmsa Apha bradarana, pR0 126 / 2-AsU0 2-24-20 / 3-mani0, 26-17 / 4-usU0kI bhUmikA va 'sara mAsutoSa mimoriyala baoNlyUma' bhA0 2 meM pro0 bapaTakA "jaina arddhamAgadhI TeksTa' zIrSaka lekha dekho|

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [119 - - batAyA gayA hai, vaha 'suttanipAta' (3-1)me varNita ma0 vuddha aura zreNikake milApakI yAda dilAtA hai| agADI ' uttarAdhyayana ' meM harikeza AdikI kathAyeM bauddhokI jAtaka kathAoMke samAna hai|" 'uttarAdhyayana sUtra eva anya aMgagrantha bhI kisI eka AcAryakI racanA nahIM hai| balki vaha kaI vidvAnoMkI racanA hai, yaha videzI vidvAnoMne siddha kiyA hai| ataeva yaha ho sakatA hai ki kSamAzramaNane saMgraha karate huye bauddha zrotase bhI sAhAyya grahaNa kara liyA ho; jisase unakI racanAyeM prAcIna pragaTa ho| zvetAmbaroMne jo apane sAdhuoke bheSakA varNana kiyA hai. vaha ThIka eka bauddha bhikSuke bhaMpake samAna hai| bauddha bhikSuke liye tIna 'cIvaroM' (vastroM) ko rakhanekA vidhAna hai, zvetAmbara graMtha bhI 'sthivarakalpI' jaina sAdhuke liye tIna vastrotakako dhAraNa karanekI AjJA dete hai| inake nAma bhI prAyaH donoM saMpradAyoMmeM eka samAna haiM, jaise antarijarga-pAlI antarAvAsakaM, uttarijjagaM-uttarAsaMgaM, saMghADi sNghaatti| isake atirikta donoM saMpradAyoke zAstroMmeM eka jaise hI vAkya aura zabda bhI milate hai| jaise ki pro0 pI0 vI0 vapaTa sA0 ne pragaTa kiye hai| (1) veyaranI'bhiduggAM (zve. jaina--sUya0 1-5-1-8) atha vetaraNim panaduggaM (bauddha. - suni0 674) / (2) vipariyA samuventi (AsU0 1-2-6-3) vipariyAsamenti / 1-usU0, bhUmikA pR0 38-46 / 2-usU0 bhUmikA pR0 40-50 va jaina sutrakI bhUmikA | 2-saoNmi vaoN0 bhA0 2 pR0 96-97

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___120] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (3) jassa natthi mamAyita ( AsU0 1-2-6-4)3 -yassa natthi mamAyitaM ( suni0 950) / (4) ukvuccaNa-baJcaga, mAyA, niyaDhi, kuDha. kavaTa. sAha, sampayoga bahutA (sUpa0 2-2, 29 vA sUtra )=3 kotana vacana, nikati. sAciyoga (dIni0 1-1-10) / (5) puvuTTaI pacchANivAtI ( AmU0 1-5-23) punchahAI pcchaanipaatii| (6) iJcatya gaDhe loe (AsU0 1-5-23) ettha gattito loko| (7) uTTha ahe tiriyaM disAmu (AsU0 1-8-18)uddhaM adho ca tiriyaM ca (suni0 155) / (8) AhArovacaiyA deha! (AmU0 1-8-3-5) sarINaM AhArovaiyaM AhAropacito deshe| (9) ahuNA pabvajito (AsU0 1.-9--1.-1) acirmpvvjito| (10) mAyaNNe asaNapANassa (AsU0 1--9.-1--20) -mattajU hAhi bhojne| (11) gAme vA adu vA raNNe ( AsU0 1-8-8-7)= gAme vA yadi vA'raNNe / (suni0 119) ityAdi vAkyoMke atirikta aneka zabda bhI samAna hai / yathAH__" sayaNAsaNa-(pAlI) senAsasana, lUha-lukha, seha sekha, vusImauvusImato, NIvArA=nivApa, macciya=maccA yA mAtiyA, bhUipaNNe=

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [121 bharipajo, vigapagehI-vigatagiddho; ityAdi, ityAdi / (dekho sara AsutoSa memoriyala baoNlyUma, bhA0 2 pR0 101-103) / ataeva yaha bahuta kucha saMbhava hai ki kSamA zramaNake samayameM zvetAmbara Agama graMthoMmeM bauddha sAhityase sAhAyya grahaNa kiyA gayA ho| Do0 vulhara bhI isa bAtako saMbhava batAte hai / * vikrama saMvat 550 me 790ke vIcame haihaya athavA kala cUri vaMzake rAjAoMkA rAjya bhI cedI aura lacUrI rAjA gujarAta (lATa )meM thaa|' isa vaMzake rAjA aura jaindhrm| bhAratameM eka prAcIna kAlase rAjya kara rahe the| kintu inakA pUrva vRtAnta jJAta nahIM hai| haihayavaMzI rAjA apanI utpatti narmadA taTa para sthita mAhipmatIke rAjA kArtavIryase batalAte hai| inakI upAdhi 'kAlaMjara-paravArA dhombara' bhI hai / isase inakA nikAsa kAlaMjara nAmase huA anumAna kiyA jAtA hai / kanidhama sA ke anusAra 9 mIse 11 mI zatAbdi taka haihaya gajAgaNa bundelakhaMDameM cedivaMzakI eka balavAna zAkhA thii| cedi rASTrakI utpatti jainagajA abhicaMdrase huI thii| aura caMdivaMzame jainasamrAT khAravela huye the / haihaya athavA kalacUri loga bhI jainI the| 'kalacUri' zabdakA artha hI unake jainatvakA dyotaka hai arthAta 'kala' deha aura cUri-nAza karanA / dehako nAza "In the late fixing of the canon of the Swetamberas in the sixth century after Christ, it may have been drawn from Buddhist works, Indian sect of the Jaisas p 45. 1-bhAprArA0, mA0 1 pR0 39 / 2-ei0, bhA0 2 pR08| 3-baMgAjaismA0, pR0 113-119 / 4-hari0, pR0 194 /

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122] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / karake parama atIndriya sukha pAnekA vidhAna jainadharmame hai| haihaya aura cedi zabda bhI jainatvake dyotaka hai| haihaya 'adhahaya' athavA ahahayakA rUpAntara hai arthAt pApoke cugnevAlA / cedise bhAva AtmAko cetAnevAlekA hai / dakSiNa bhAratame isa vaMzake rAjAoMne jainadharmake liye bar3e acche 2 kAma kiye the / isa vaMzake rAjA zaMkaragaNane, jinakI rAjadhAnI jabalapura jilekI tevara (tripurI) thI, kulapAka nIrthakI sthApanA (saM0680me)kI thii| haihayoMme karNadeva rAjA prakhyAta the| yaha vIra the aura inhoMne kaI laDAiyA lar3I thiiN| inakI rAjadhAnI kAzIme thii| mAlavAke rAjA bhojako inhone parAsta kiyA thaa| gujarAtake rAjA bhImako bhI inhoMne apane sAtha rakkhA thaa| inakA vivAha hUNa jAtikI AvalladevIse huA thA, jisase yA karNadevakA janma huA thaa| haihayavaMzakI isa zAkhAkA astitva 13 vIM zatAbdi taka rahA thaa| gujarAtame cAlukya vaMzake rAjAoMne san 634 se 740 ___ taka rAjya kiyA thA / inake evaM gurjara aura cAlyukya rAjA va rASTravaMzake adhikArake samaya gujarAtame sAhijainadharma / tyakI khUba unnati huI thii| tathA ina rAjA oMne jainadharmako mahatva diyA thaa| isa vaMzakA prAcIna lekha dhAravAr3a jilemeM Adura grAmase milA hai / yaha rAjakIrtivarmA prathamakA hai aura isame rAjAke dAnakA ullekha hai, jo usane nagaraseTha dvArA banavAye gaye jainamaMdirako diyA thaa| baMkA 1-bhAprArA0, bhA0 1 pR0 48-50 / 2 baMprAjaismA0, pR0 1 / 3-baMprAjesmA0, pR0 113-120 /

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~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [123 purase 20 milakI dUrIpara lakhamezvara nAmaka sthAnase tIna zilAlekha (1) rAjA vinayaditya (680-697), (2) vijayaditya (697-733), (3) aura rAjA vikramAditya dvitIya (733747 ) ke zAsanakAlake mile he unameM jaina maMdiroM aura guruoko dAna denekA ullekha hai / ina dAtAroMme eka harikezarIdeva vaMkApurake nivAmI the| inhoMne pAMca dhArmika mahAvidyAlayoMkI sthApanA kI thii| yaha nagaraseTha the aura mahAjana the / isa samaya yaha sthAna jainadharmakA kendra banarahA thaa| zrIguNabhadrAcAryajIne apanA 'uttarapurANa' san 898 meM vahIM samApta kiyA thA / taba yaha sthAna vanavAsI rAjyakI rAjadhAnI thI aura yahA rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjA akAlavarSakA sAmanta lokAditya rAjya karatA thA. jo jainadharmakA bhakta thaa| cAlukyavaMzameM satyAzraya pulikezI dvitIyake samAna koI bhI pratApI rAjA nahIM huaa| vaha zaka saM0 531meM rAjagAdI para baiThA thaa| isa vaMzake anya rAjAoMkA vizeSa varNana hama tIsare khaNDameM kreNge| rASTrakUTa vaMzake rAjA loga gujarAtameM san 743 meM zAsanA dhikArI huye the| yaha apaneko candravaMzIathavA rASTrakUTavaMzameM jaindhrm| yaduvaMzI kahate hai| rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjA goviMda tRtIyane ( 812 I0 ) lATadeza (gujarAta) kA rAjya apane choTe bhAI indrarAjake supurda kiyA thaa| govinda bar3A pratApI rAjA thaa| prabhUtavarSa gaMgavaMzI dvitIyane cAki rAjAke anurodhase jaina muni vijayakIrtike ziSya arkakIrtiko dAna diyA 1-mAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 69 /

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124 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | . thI / rASTrakUTavazakI gujarAtavAlI zAkhAme indrakA uttarAdhikArI karka prathama (812-821) huA thA, jisane nausArI (sUrata) ke eka jaina maMdirako ambApAtaka nAmakA grAma bheTa kiyA thA / san 910 I0 ke lagabhaga rASTrakUTavaMzakI isa zAkhAkA aMta hogayA thA / sana 972 I0 me gujarAta pazcimI cAlukya rAjA tailappake adhikAra meM calA gayA / gujarAta meM cAvaDavaMzakA rAjya bhI san 720 se 961 taka rahA thaa| pahale cAvaDa saradAra paMcAsara grAmame rAjya karate the / san 696 me jayazekhara cAvaDako cAlukya rAjA bhuvaDane mAra DAlA / usakI rUpasudarI nAmaka strI garbhavatI thI / isIkA putra vanarAja thA, jisane anahilavADA vasAyA aura apanA svataMtra rAjya sthApita karake san 746 se 780 taka rAjya kiyA / vanarAja jainadharmAnuyAyI thA / isane paMcAsara pArzvanAthajIkA jaina maMdira banavAyA thA | vanarAjakA uttarAdhikArI usakA bhAI yogarAja huA aura usake pazcAt cAra rAjAoMne isa vaMzame san 961 taka rAjya kiyA thA / vanarAjakA mukhya maMtrI campA nAmaka jaina zreSThI - thA, jinakA vyApAra apharIkA va arabase khUba calatA thA, unhoMne cAvar3a rAjAoMke jainakArya / 1 - iai0, bhA0 12 pR0 13 - 16 - yaha jainamuni arkakIrti zrI - kIrtyAcAryake anvaya meM theH / zrI yApanIya nemisaghapunAgavRkSamulagaNe zrI kIrtyacaryAnvaye // " 2 - baprA jaismA0 pR0 200 / 3 - bhAprAe0 - bhA0 3. pR0 75 / 4 - baprAjesmA 0, pR0 202-203 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va ve0 grthotptti| [125 kaI jaina maMdira banavAye the| campAnera nAmaka nagarakI nIMva bhI unhoMne DAlI thii| cAvaDoMke bAda gujarAtame solaMkiyoMkA rAjyAdhikAra san 964 se 1242 I0 taka rahA thaa| solaMkI rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI the / aMtima cAvaDA gajA bhUbhata thaa| usakI vahinakA vivAha cAlukya athavA solaMkI rAjA mahArAjAdhirAja rAjIse huA thaa| isI rAjIkA putra mUlarAja mRbhatake vADha gujarAtakA rAjA huA thaa| gujarAtame isIse solaMkI vaMzakA solaMkI rAjA va prArabha huA mAnA jAtA hai| yaha prbhaavjaindhrm| zAlI rAjA thaa| isane apane rAjyakA vistAra kiyA thA / lADake rAjA vArappAse tathA ajamerake rAjA vigraharAjase yuddha kiyA thaa| mUlarAjakA banavAyA huA jainamaMdira anahilavADAme 'mUla-vastikA nAmase prasiddha hai| isake banAye huye zivamaMdira bhI milate hai / mUlarAjane apanA bahutasA samaya siddhaparake pavitra maMdirameM bitAyA thA, jo anahivADAse uttara pUrva 15 mIla hai| mUlarAjakA uttarAdhikArI usakA putra cAmur3a (997-1010) huaa| cAmuDa vanArasakI yAtrAko gayA thA ki mArgame rAjA muMjane harA kara isakA chatra chIna liyA thaa| cAmur3ake vAda durlabharAjA huA aura usake bAda usakA bhatIjA bhIma prathama (san 1022-1064) zAsanAdhikArI huA thaa| bhImane siMdhudeza aura cedi athavA bundelakhaMDa para hamalA kiyA thA aura isame vaha vijayI huA thA / sahamada gajanavI dvArA naSTa kiye gaye 1-vaMprAjaismA0, pR08-17|-praajaismaa0, pR0 203-204 /

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- - - 126] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / somanAthake maMdirako isane phirase pASANakA banavA diyA thaa| bhImakI anavana Abake saradAra dhandhuka paramArase huI thI aura usake senApati vimalane use pagasta kiyA thA / ' AkrI citrakUTa pahADI "vimalazAhako milI, jisapara usane suMdara jaina madira bnvaayaa| yaha madira 'vimalavamahI' nAmale prasiddha hai / isa maMdirake viSayame karnala TaoNDa sA0 ne " Trevilsa ina baiTarna danDiyA " me likhA hai ki "hindustAna bharame yaha madira sarvottama hai aura tAjamahAlake sivA koI dUsarA sthAna isakI samatA nahIM kara saktA / 'udaya-varAha' nAmaka bhImakA putra karNa usake uparAnta rAjyakA adhikArI huaa| isane sana 1064 se 1094 I0 taka muMjAlu, sAtu aura udaya nAmaka matriyoMkI sammatise rAjya kiyA / udaya mAravADake zrImAlI baniye the / unhone karNAvatI nagagme eka jaina maMdira banavAyA thA, jisame 72 nIrSajharoMkI mUrtiyAM virAjamAna thiiN| karNAvatI nagarIkI sthApanA rAjA karNadvArA huI thI aura yaha nagara AjakAla ahamadAbADhake nAmase prasiddha hai| udayake pAca putra-AhaDa, cAhaDa, vAhDa, anaDa aura sollA the| inamese pahele cArane rAjA kumArapAlakI sevA kIthI aura sollA vyApArI ho gayA thA / dUsare maMtrI sAtu bhI jainI the| inhoMne sAtuvasahI nAmaka jainamadira banavAyA thaa| rAjA karNane zvetAmbarAcArya abhayadevasUrikA Adara kiyA thA / inakA viruda 'maladhArina' thA 1-baprAsmA0, pR0 204-205 / 2-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 23 / 3. vaprAjaismA0, pR0 205 / 4-hivi0, bhA0 3 pR0 239 / 5-prAjaismA0, pR0 205 /

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gujarAtarme jainadharma va zve0 grnthotptti| [127 aura yaha 'praznavAhanakula, koTivagaNa, madhyamazAkhA, sthUlibhadra munivaMge harSapurIya gacchaka jayasihasUrIke ziSya the| inane kitanehI brAhmaNoMko jainadharmameM dIkSita kiyA thaa| saurASTrake khezAra aura sakammarike pRthvIrAjacauhAnase Adara pAyA thA / ajamerameM inakA svargavAsa huA thA / karNakA uttarAdhikArI unake putra siddharAja jayasihane san 2014 - 1143 taka rAjya kiyaa| muMjAla aura saMtu isake bhI maMtrI rahe the / siddharAja eka bar3A balavAna, dhArmika va dAnI rAjA thaa| yaha somanAtha mahAdevakA bhI bhakta thA / ise maMtrazAstra bhI jJAta thA; jisake kAraNa isako 'siddhacakravartI' kahate the / siddhapurameM sarasvatI nadIke kinAre isane 'rudramAla' nAmaka eka vRhad zivAlaya aura jaina tIrthaMkara bhagavAna mahAvIra svAmIkA maMdira bnvaayaa| isane varddhamAnapura (vadhavAna)meM saurASTra rAjA nodhanako vijaya kiyA tathA soraTadeza lekara sajjanako adhikArI niyata kiyA / sajjanane zrI girinArame neminAthajIkA jaina maMdira bnvaayaa| siddharAjako jainadharmase bhI prema thaa| usane zrI zatraMjayajIkI yAtrA karake, zrI AdinAthajIko 12 grAma bheMTa kiye the| siddharAjane eka saMvat bhI calAyA thaa| mAlavAke rAjA naravarmA paramAra tathA yazovarmA paramArase isakA eka yuddha lagabhaga 12 varSa taka huA thA / aMtameM sana 1134 meM siddhagaja vijayI huA thaa| tabase isakA nAna 'avantinAtha' prasiddha huA thaa| varbara 1-DijebA0, pR0 8|2-praajaismaa0, pR0 206 / 3-hivi0, mA0 7 pR0 594 / 4 - baprAjaismA0, pR0 206 / 5-Iai0, bhA0 6 pR0 194 / -

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128] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjAko bhI isane parAsta kiyA thaa| mahovAke caMdelarAjA madanavarmAne isase sandhi karalI thii| zvetAmbara jainAcArya hemacandrane isI samaya 'siddhI vyAkaraNa aura dvAzraya drAvya likhA thaa|' rAjA siddharAjane eka bAda sabhA bhI karAI thii| karaNaTaka dezase kumuDhacaMdra nAmaka eka digambara jainAcArya ahamadAbAda Aye the| zvetAmbarAcArya devasUri taba vahA 'arISTanemike jainamaMdirame the| kintu inhoMne vahA zAstrArtha karavA maMjUra nahIM kiyA / digambarAcArya namAvasthAme hI pATana pahuMce / siddharAjane unakA baDA Adara kiyaa| hemacaMdrAcArya vADha karaneko rAjI na huye| isa kAraNa devarime vADha huA / sabhAme kumudacaMdrane kahA ki koI strI mukti nahIM pA sakI / siddharAjane isase mahArANIkA apamAna huA samajhA / uvara savastra sAdhu dazAse mokSaniSedha karaneke kAraNa rAjamaMtrI bhI ruSTa ho gaye / sabhAme hullaDa macagayA aura kumudacaMdrako parAjita tathA unake pratipakSI devasUriko vijayI ThaharA diyA gyaa| devasUriko ajitasari bhI kahA gayA hai aura yaha 'lAdvAda-ratnAkara' nAnaka graMthake kartA the|4 siddharAjake eka maMtrI Aliga nAmaka bhI thaa| usane vi0 saM0 1198me eka jaina maMdira nirmApita karAyA thA aura usakA nAma 'rAjavihAra' rakkhA thaa| usake mitra sajjana jUnAgar3hake zAsaka jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| siddharAjane 'AnandasUri aura unake sahabhrAtA 1-hivi0, bhA0 7 pR0 594 / 2-vaprAja'mmA0, pR0 207 / 3-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 105 va baprAjesmA0, pR0 207-208 / 4-DijebA0 bhAga 1 pR0 31 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va khe0 grnyotptti| [129 amaracandramUrikA baDA AThara kiyA thA / aura unheM kramaza 'vyAghrazizuka' va 'sihazizuka' nAmaka upAdhiyose vibhUpita kiyA thA / ye donoM zvetAmbarAcArya bar3e bhArI naiyAyika the| inake ziSya haribhadrasUri dvitIya nAgendra gacchIya the / inakI pramiddhi " kalikAla gautama" ke nAmase thii|' inake do ziSya hama aura paramahaMsa nAmaka jainadharma pracAra karate huye bhoTAdezameM (tivbtme| bauddhodvArA mAra DAle gaye batAye jAte hai / jayasiha siddharAjakI mRtyu san 1143 I0 me huI thii| 'siddharAjake koI putra nahIM thaa| kintu bhIma prathamakI eka premikAse utpanna putra haripAlakI saMtAna isa samrAT kumaarpaal| samaya maujUda thii| isa kAraNa tribhuvanapAla aura usake tIna laDake jinameM sabame vaDe kumArapAla the, rAjya pAneke prayatna karane lage aura antameM kumArapAla cAluvayavaMzakA rAjA huaa| koI kumArapAlako siddharAjakA bhAgneya batalAte hai / kumArapAlakI eka vahina pramaladevIkA vivAha siddharAjake senApati kaNhadevase huA thA aura dUsarI vahina devala sapAdalakSake rAjA araNogajako vivAhI gaI thii| siddharAjakI mannA nahIM thI ki kumArapAlako rAjya mile / usane tribhuvanapAlako maravA DAlA aura kumArapAlako maravAneke bhI usane prayatna kiye, kintu anahilapaTTanake AliGga nAmaka kumhArakI sahAyatAse kumArapAlakI rakSA huI / vaha bhRgukacchako bhAga gyaa| kailambapattana (Camhav) meM 1-hi0, bhA0 10 pR0 340 / 2-saDija0, pR03, 3-hivi0, mA0 5 pR0 83 /

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130] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / kailambagajane inako ardhAga de marakSaNa kiyaa| phira pratiSThAnapura, ujjayanI Adi sthAnoMme kucha samaya vitAkara vaha nAgendrapattaname apane bahanoI kaNhaDhevake pAma rhe| relambarAjakI sahAyatAse inhoMne rAjyAdhikAra prApta kiyA thA / rAjapurohita devazrIne inakA rAjyA'bhiSeka kiyA thaa| rAjA hone para kumArapAlane ina savakA samucita Adara kiyA thaa| aliGga kumhAra unake rAjadarabArakA musAvi niyata huA thaa| isa samaya kumArapAlakI avasthA pacAsa varSa ke lagabhaga thI / inakA janma san 1093 me dadhisthalI (devasthalI) meM huA thA / yahIM zvetAbarAcArya hemacandrajIse inane sadupadeza grahaNa kiyA thaa| kumArapAla rAjA ho gaye, parantu purAne rAjadaravArI inake khilApha rhe| phalata. inane unakA nirAkaNa kumArapAlakI sAmrAjya kiyA / kaNhadevane kumArapAlako rAjA bnaavRddhi| neme pUrI sahAyatA dI thI, isa kAraNa vaha inako koI cIja hI nahIM samajhatA thaa| kumArapAlane use sAvadhAna kiyA, parantu vaha nahIM mAnA / Akhira unane use giraphtAra karAke usakI AkheM niklvaaliiN| siddharAjane eka chahaDa nAmaka vyaktiko goda lekara use apanA putra pragaTa kiyA thaa| kumArapAlake rAjA honese vaha ruSTa hokara sapAdalakSa pahuMcA aura vahA araNogajane use Azraya diyA thaa| aura usake liye usane kumArapAlame laDAI bhI laDI, kintu usame usakI hAra huii| 1-saDije0, pR0 5, hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 83 va vaprA jaismA0 pR0 208-209 / -

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gujarAtameM janadharma va ve0 grNthotptti| [131 chahaDako kumArapAlane mApha karake use rAjadaravArame eka ucca padapara niyata kiyaa| isI bIcameM candrAvatIkA saradAra vikramasiMha bhI kumArapAlake viruddha uTha khaDA huzA; kinu use bhI muMhakI khAnI pdd'ii| usakI jAgIra chInakara kumArapAlane apane bhatIje yazodhavalako dadI / isake bAda kumArapAlane mAlavAke rAjAko prANarahita kiyA aura cittaurako jItakara paMjAbame apanA jhaMDA phhraayaa| cittaurakI jAgIrako usane aliGkake supurda kiyA aura vaha svayaM 'avantInAtha' kahalAyA / san 1950 ke lagabhaga kumArapAlane sapAdalakSapara hamalA kiyA thA kyoMki araNorAjane usakI bahinakA apamAna kiyA thaa| pariNAmata: araNorAjako kumArapAlakI sattA svIkAra karanA par3I thii| sana 1156 I0 ke karIva kumArapAlane uttarIya kokaNako jItaneke liye apane senApati ambar3ako bhejA thA, kintu vaha vahAke rAjA malikaarjuna silhArase hAra gyaa| kumArapAla isase hatAga nahIM huA aura dUsare hamalemeM ambaDa silhAra rAjAko naSTa karake kokaNadegako cAlukya sAmrAjyameM milAneme saphala huaa| isa vijayakI khugImeM kumArapAlane ambar3ako 'rAjapitAmaha'ke virudase vibhUSita kiyaa| kumArapAlane udayanako maMtrI aura usake putra vAhar3ako mahA __mAtya niyata kiyA thaa| gujarAtake eka yuddhameM jaina maMtrI vaahdd'| yaha jaina maMtrI ghAyala ho gayA aura san 1149 me mara gyaa| usakI icchAnusAra usake putra vAhar3ha aura ambaDane zatrujaya Adi tIrthopara jaina maMdira Adi vanavAye the| jaba sukunikA vihArame zrI munisuvratanAthajIkI 1-saDije0 pR0 8-9

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132] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pratiSThA huI thii| taba kumArapAla apanI sabhA maNDalI sahita padhAre the| bAhaDane zatrujayake pAsa bAhaDapura basAyA thA aura 'tribhuvanapAla' nAmaka jaina maMdira bnvaayaa| giranArapara sIDiyA vanavAI thI aura somanAthake maMdirakA jIrNoddhAra kiyA thaa| pATaNa, dhaMdhukA Adi sthAnoMpara bhI maMdira banavAye the| kumArapAla apane prAraMbhika jIvaname zaivadharmAnuyAyI thA aura __ mAsa-madyase use paraheja na thaa| vaha pazukumArapAla va jainadharma / oMkI bali detA thaa| kintu zrI hemacaMdrA cAryake upadezase kumArapAlako jainadharmame ruci ho gaI aura usane san 1159 me pragaTataH jainadharmako grahaNa kara liyaa| kumArapAlane zrAvakake vratoko dhAraNa kiyA thA aura usane dharmapracArake liye bahu prayAsa kiye the| kumArapAlake jainI hone para bhI usake nAgara brAhmaNa purohitoMne apanI purohitAI choDI nahIM thii| jainadharmake saMsargame Akara kumArapAlakI bilkula kAyApalaTa hogaI / vaha eka baDA ahiMsaka vIra ho gyaa| madya-mAMsAdi saba hI usase chUTa gye| usane ahisA dharmakA khUba pracAra kiyA / apane rAjyame abhayadAna sUcaka -- amArI ghoSa ' usane kaI vAra karAye the / jIvahatyA karanevAleko prANadaNDa niyata kiyA thaa| vaise usane prANadaNDa uThA diyA thaa| banArasake rAjA jayacaMdrake darabArame usane upadezaka bheje the ki vaha apane rAjyameM hisAkA niSedha kara de / apane paDosake kamajora rAjAoMke adhikAroMko bhI 1-baMgAjaismA0 pR0 209-210 / 2-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 114 / 3-ahii0 pR0 190 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grNthotptti| [133 surakSita rakkhA thaa| vidhavAoMkI sampattiko grahaNa karanA bhI usane chor3a diyA thaa| madyavikrI usane qAnUnana nAjAyaja ThaharA dI thI aura juA tathA zikAra khelaneke virodhame bhI kAnUna banAye the| kumArapAlake isa anukaraNIya kAryakA prabhAva tatkAlIka anya rAjAoM para bhI paDA thaa| rAjapUtAneke kaI rAjAoMne hiMsA rokaneke lekha khuDhavAye the, jo abataka vidyamAna hai| kumArapAlane zajayajI giranArajI AdikI yAtrAkA eka janasaMgha nikAlakara ' saMghapati kI upAdhi grahaNa kIthI aura aneka jainamaMdira banavAye the| auSadhAlaya bhI aneka khulavAye the, jinameM garIboMko muphta davA aura AhAra milatA thaa| usane poSadhazAlAyeM aura upAzraya bhI banavAe the| jisa samaya kumArapAla rAjagaddIpara ArUDha huye usa samaya vaha likhanA paDhanA kucha bhI nahIM jAnate the; kumArapAla va sAhitya kiMtu kaparadina nAmaka rAjamaMtrIke kahanese vRddhi| unane eka varSa meM hI par3hanA sIkha liyaa| akabarake samAna unheM vidvAnoMkI saMgatikA bar3A zauka thA / vaha vidvAnoMke vyAkhyAna aura upadeza bar3e cAvase sunA karate the| unake gurU hemacandrAcArya bar3e prakhyAt aura vidvAn zvetAMvara sAdhu the| unakA janma ahamadAvAdake nikaTa dhaMdhuka grAmameM san 1088 meM eka jaina vaizya parivArake madhya huA thA aura unakA gRhastha dazAkA nAma caGgadeva thaa| unake vidyAguru devacaMda sAdhu the; jinane kaimbe lejAkara inako par3hAyA thA / zvetAMvara saMpradAyameM unakI 1-saDijai0 pR09-10 / 2-rAi0 bhA0 1 pR0 11 / 3-vaprAjaismA0 pR0 210 va saDije0 pR010-11||

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134] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| vaDI mAnyatA hai / unhoMne gujarAtakA itihAsa bhI likhA thaa| tathApi unake anya graMtha dharma, siddhAnta aura sAhitya viSayoMpara vaDe mArmika hai, jaise yogazAstra, triSaSTizalAkA puruSa caritra, dvAzraya, zabdAnagAsana ityAdi / hemacandra ke atirikta kumArapAlake daravArameM rAmacaMdra aura udayacaMdra nAmaka jaina paNDita bhI the| rAmacaMdrake kAvya grantha prasiddha hai / 'prabandhazataka' grantha unhIMkI racanA hai| kiMtu rAjakavi honekA saubhAgya kavi zrIpAlako hI prApta thA aura solaka nAmaka gavaiyA rAjadarabArame saMgIta zAstrakA paNDita thaa| kumArapAlane ikkIsa zAstrabhaMDAra athavA pustakAlaya sthApita kiye the aura eka 'pratilipi-vibhAga' kholA thA, jisake dvArA prAcIna graMthokI nakala kI jAtI thii| kahate hai ki apanI digvijayame kumArapAla jaba sidhu sauvIra dezako vijaya kara rahe the taba siMdhuke pazcima kumArapAlakA gArhasthya pArastha padmapurakI rAjakanyA padminIke sAtha va aMtima jiivn| unakA vivAha huA thaa| kiMtu anyatra unakI mahArAnIkA nAma bhUpAladevI likhA milatA hai / bhUpAladevIkI kokhase unheM eka kanyAkA janma huA thaa| kumArapAlake koI putra nahIM thaa| isa kanyAkA nAma lila thA aura isakA putra pratApamala kumArapAlakA uttarAdhikArI thaa| kitu pratApamalake atirikta kumArapAlake bhatIje ajayapAlakA bhI 1-haoNje0 pR0 287 / 2-saDijai0, pR0 11-12 / 3-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 83 | 4-saDijai0, pR0 12 va vapAlasmA0, pR0 209-210 /

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gujarAta meM jainadharma va ze0 graMthotpatti / [ 135. 49. haqa rAjagaddI para thA / kumArapAlane ajayapAlako rAjasiMhAsana, nahIM diyA, balki hemacaMdrAcArya AdikI sammatime pratApamalako hI apanA uttarAdhikArI niyata kara diyA / isI samaya hemacadrAcAryakA svAsthya kharAba hogayA aura unakA svargavAsa caurAsI varSakI ava-sthAmeM sana 1972 me hogayA ! kumArapAlake dilako unake svargavAsase vaDA bhArI dhakkA lagA aura hai mahIna ke bhItara hI unakI aisI zocanIya dazA hogaI ki vaha cArapAIse laga gaye / aura san 1974 meM vaha bhI apane guruke anugAmI hogaye ! kumArapAla eka Adarza rAjA the / unakI udAratA sAdhuoM jaisI thI aura buddhimattA vaha eka acche rAjanItijJame vaDa car3hakara the / vaha nyAyI aura parizramI bhI khUba the| apane dainika jIvaname vaha sAdA mijAja aura mitavyayI the tathApi dhArmika vratoko pAlana karaneme vaha kaTTara the| unakI ' paranArIsahodara ', ' zaraNAgatavajrapaJjara', 'jIvaDhAtA', ' vicAra- caturmukha ' ' dInoddhAraka ' 'rAjarSi' Adi upAdhiyAM sarvathA, unhIMke upayukta thI / pavana | kumArapAlake pazcAt ajayapAlane rAjyapara adhikAra jamA liyA thA | cAlukya samrAT honepara usane solaMkI rAjyakA una logoMsa badalA liyA thA, jinhoMne usake viruddha pratApamalako rAjya denekI sammati dI thii| usane bar3I nirdayatAse pahale rAjadarabAriyoMkI jIvana lIlAyeM samApta kI thI aura aneka jaina maMdira usane dharAzAyI kara diye the / rAjamaMtrI kapara dinako pakaDavAkara usane baMdIkhAne meM DalavA diyA thA / kavi rAmacandrako tAmbekI garama.

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136] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / caddarapara viThalAkara prANa rahita kara diyA thaa| aura phira senApati ambaDako usane lalakArA thA, kintu dharmAtmA vIra ambaDane isa dharmadrohI rAjAkI sevA karanA svIkAra nahIM kii| unane dRr3hatA aura nirbhIkatAse kahA ki isa janmame mere deva zrI arahaMta bhagavAnake sivA aura koI nahIM hai| guru hemacandrAcArya rahe hai aura kumArapAla svAmI the / inake atirikta maiM kisIkI sevA nahIM kara saktA / ajayapAla yaha sunate hI Aga babUlA hogayA / abaDa aura ajavapAlakA yuddha huA aura aMbaDa apane dharma aura rAjAke liye usame vIra gatiko prApta huaa| atyAcArI ajayapAla bhI avika dina jIvita na rahA / tIna varSake bhItara hI usake eka daravAnane usakA katala kara diyA / ajayapAlake vADha mUlarAja dvitIya aura bhIma dvitIya nAmaka rAjA isa vaMzame aura huye the aura inake sAtha hI san 1242 me isa vaMzakA anta hogyaa| bhImake bAda vAghelavaMzane san 1219 se 1304 taka guja rAtapara rAjya kiyA thA, jo solaMkI vaMzakI vAghelavaMza aura hI eka zAkhA thii| isa vaMzakA pahalA rAjA jaindhrm| arNa kumArapAlakI mAtAkI vahanakA putra thaa| isane san 1970 se 1200 taka anahilavADAse dakSiNa pazcima 10 mIla vAghelA nAmaka grAmame rAjya kiyA thaa| inakA uttarAdhikArI lavaNaprasAda thaa| jisa samaya bhIma dvitIya uttarame apanI sattA jamAneme vyasta thA, usI samaya isane gholakA aura usake AsapAsake dezoMpara adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| 1-saDijai0, pR0 12-13 /

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gujarAtameM jainadharma va z0 graMthotpatti / [ 137 lavaNaprasAda ke bAda usakA putra vIradhavala gujarAtakA rAjA huA aura -isane sana 1233 me 1238 taka rAjya kiyA / isake maMtrI aura senApati prasiddha jaina zreSThI vastupAla mahAna ( Vastopal the great ) aura unake bhAI tejapAla the / vIradhavalake uparAnta kramazaH vizAladeva, arjunadeva, sAraMgadeva aura karNadeva nAmaka rAjA sana 1304 taka isa vaMzame huye aura inake bAda phira musalamAnokA adhikAra gujarAtapara hogayA / vAghelavaMzake rAjAoMkI sahAnubhUti jaina dharmame thI / ' vastupAla aura tejapAla yugaliyA bhAI bhAI the / unakA janma prAgvATa jAtiya asarAjakI patnI kumAradevIkI vastupAla aura kokha se sana 1205 meM huA thA / asarAja kumAradevIke dUsare pati the / kumAradevI anna tejapAla | hilapaTTanakI prasiddha sundara aura yuvatI vidhavA thIM / eka daphe haribhadrasUrikA vyAkhyAna sunane vaha gaI thiiN| vahIM asarAja unake rUpapara mugdha hogayA aura unako balAtkAra le bhAgA / Akhira kumAradevIne bhI isako apanA pati svIkAra kara liyA / asarAja ke iname kaI saMtAneM huI / vastupAla aura tejapAla ke vivAha bhI kumAradevI ke sAmane hI hogaye the / vastupAlakI patnI lalitAdevI mor3ha jAtikI thI, aura tejapAlakI patnI anupamA apane guNoMke liye prasiddha thIM / vastupAla aura tejapAlakA paricaya vAghela rAjA vIradhavalase hogayA / rAjAne inake guNoMpara mugdha hokara inheM apanA maMtrI aura senApati niyata kara liyA / vastupAlake maMtritvakAlameM dholakA ke 1 - vaprAjesmA 0, pR0 211-212 /

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138] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| rAjA aura prajA donoM hI saMtuSTa aura sukhI the| eka pratyakSa darzakane likhA hai ki 'vastupAlake rAjaprabandhame nIca manupyAne vRNita upAyoM, dvArA dhanopArjana karanA choDa diyaa| badamAza usake sammukha pIle paDa jAte the aura bhale mAnasa khUba phalate phUlane the| sava hI apane kAryoko bar3I nekanIyatI aura ImAnadArIse karate the| vastupAlane luTeroMkA anta kara diyA aura dUdhakI dukAnoke liye cabUtare vanavA diye / purAnI imAratoMkA unana jIrNoddhAra karAyA, peDa jamavAye, kuye khudavAye, bagIca lagavAye aura nagarako phirase bnvaayaa| saba hI jAtipAtike logoMke sAtha usane samAnatAkA vyavahAra kiyaa|" ydypi| vaha svayaM jaina dharmAnuyAyI the, kintu unhoMne musalamAnoMke liye masajiteM bhI banavAI thiiN| tAnakI mullA makkAkA jayAratako jAte huye dholakAse nikalA / vIradhavalakI icchA thI ki use giraphtAra kara liyA jAya, kintu vastupAla rAjAse sahamata nahIM hue| unhoMne mullAkI acchI Avabhagata kii| phala isakA yaha huA ki dillIke sulatAna aura rAjA vIradhavalake bIca maitrIbhAva baDha gayA aura donoMmeM saMdhi hogaI / vastupAlakA Adara bhI sulatAnakI dRSTime bar3ha gayA / vastupAla aura tejapAla kevala catura rAjanItijJa hI nahIM the, ve vIra menApati aura sacce dharmAtmA bhI the / inhoMne apane rAjAke liye kaI laDAiyA laDI thIM / kaimveke saidako unane parAsta kiyA thA / dillIke muhammada gorI sulatAna muijjuddIna baharAmazAhapara inhoMne vijaya pAI thI aura godhAke saradAra ghughulako unane hatsAhasa kiyA 1-bambaI gajeTiyara, 2-1-199 /

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- gujarAtameM jainadharma va zve0 grnthotptti| [139 thaa| unake ina vIrocita kAryokA bakhAna vaI kaviyoM aura bhATone kiyA hai / jainadharmake liye bhI ina donoM bhAiyone jItor3a parizrama kiyA thaa| san 1220 meM zatrujaya aura giranArajIke liye saMgha nikAla kara unane 'saMdhapati' kI padavI prApta kI thii| kahate hai ki isa saMghame ikkIsa hajAra zvetAMbara jaina aura tInasau digambara jainI .. sammilita the| san 1228 meM jagacaMndra nAmaka eka zvetAmbarAcAryane tapA gacchakI sthApanAkI thii| vastupAlane isa Abuke jainapaMdira / gacchakI unnatimeM bar3I sahAyatA kI / ina donoM bhAiyoMne maMdira, pauSadhazAlAyeM, upAzraya Adi banavAye the / AbUparvata para unhone baDA baDhiyA maMdira vanavAyA thA, jisako sobhanadeva nAmaka prasiddha kArIgarane banAyA thaa| yaha maMdira vimalagAhake maMdirake sannikaTa hai aura san 1230 meM banakara taiyAra huA thaa| yaha apane bhAskara kAryake liye bhuvanavikhyAt aura advitIya hai| vastupAlane giranAra aura zatrujaya para bhI jainamaMdira banavAye the| vastupAla eka acche kavi bhI the| unakA upanAma 'vasantapAla'' thaa| unakI racanAoMkI prazaMsA usa samaya vastupAlakA atima ke acche 2 kaviyoMne. kIthIna 'nrnaaraaynnaajiivn| nanda' unakI uttama racanA hai| vastupAlake nikaTa anya kaviyone bhI Azraya pAyA thaa| 1-saDijai0, pR0 47-60 / 2-hisTrI oNpha inDiyana eNDa IsTarna ArkiTekcara bhA0 2 pR036 / -

Page #162
140] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / san 1238 I0 me rAjA vIradhavalakI mRtyu hogaI / usa ghaTanAme rAjya bharame hAhAkAra maca gayA / aneka prajAjana rAjAke sAtha hI apanI jIvanalIlA samApta karaneko tatpara ho gaye; kintu tejapAlake prabandhase unakI rakSA huii| vIra dhavalake vADha rAjyAdhikAra pAneka liye usake vIram aura vIsala nAmaka donoM putroMme agaDA huaa| vastupAlane vIsalakA pakSa liyA aura vahI rAjA huA / vIrama jAlora apane svasurake pAsa bhAga gayA, jahA vaha yogvame mAga gayA thA / vIsaladevake rAjyakAlame hI donoM bhAiyoMkI avanati huI / kahate hai ki vIsalake cAcA sihane eka jainasAdhukA apamAna kiyA thaa| vastupAla isa dharma vidrohako sahana na kara ske| unhoMne mihakI uMgalI kttvaalii| vIsaladevane vastupAlake isa dussAhasakA puraskAra prANadaNDa diyA / kintu isa samaya kavivara somezvarane bIcame paDa kara vastupAlakI rakSA kI thii| isa ghaTanAke kucha dinoM hI vAda vastu. pAlakA svAsthya kharAva huA aura vaha garjejayakI yAtrAko jAte hue akevaliya grAmame svarga lokake vAsI huye / nepAlake putrAne isa sthAnapara eka bhavya maMdira banavA diyA thaa| yaha san 1291 kI bAta hai aura isake karIva 10 varSa bAda tejapAla bhI apane bhAIke sAthI bane / vastupAlako usa samaya loga rAjanIti guru kauTilyame kama nahIM mAnate the| uparokta varNanase yaha spaSTa hai ki gujarAtame jainadharmakI pradhAnatA prAcInakAlase rahI hai / tathApi solaMkI rAjAoMke rAjyakAlame -saDijai0, pR0 51-69 / 2-ihiko0, bhA0 1 pR0 786 /

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gujarAta meM jainadharma va zva0 graMthotpatti / [ 141 1 zvetAmbara jainadharmakA usakA abhyudaya vizeSa huA thA / zvetAvara abhyudaya / jainAcAryoMne isa samaya jainadharmako digantavyApI i. banAne meM kucha uThA na rakkhA thaa| zrI haribhadrasUri, jinezvarasUri, hemacandra Adi prakhyAta AcArya the / jinezvarasUri aura buddhisAgara AcAryane zvetAMbara yatiyokA tIvra virodha kiyA thaa| unake udyogase khUba sudhAra huA thA tathA unhoMne zvetAvara sAhityakA eka navIna mArga meM praveza karAyA thA / zvetAmbara arvAcIna sAhityake ve kathe / pahile zvetAMbaroM kA kevala Agama grantha sAhitya thA, parantu 3-4 zatAbdiyoM meM nyAya, vyAkaraNa, kAvya Adi vipayoMke gaH graMtha likhe gaye the / I0 10-11 vIM zatAbdimeM gujarAta dezameM adhikAMzata devanAgarI lipikA pracAra thaa| IsavI pUrvakI mAgadhilipikA vikAsa hote 2 nAgarIlipine apanA rUpa saMbhAla liyA thA / jainoMdvArA isa lipikA vahu pracAra huA aura prAcIna gurjara sAhitya bhI unhIMkA RNI hai| jainoMke 'saptakSetrIrAsa ' 'gautamarAsa' Adi graMtha gujarAtIke prAcIna sAhityake namUne hai / isa prAcInakAlase jainoMne gujarAtI sAhityakI acchI sevA kI thii| jainAcAryone bauddhoMke nyAyagraMthoMpara TippaNa bhI likhe the | kintu kumArapAlake uparAnta gujarAtame jainoMkA hrAsa honA zurU ho gayA / ajayapAla ke vidrohase usakA sUtrapAta huA sahI, kintu musalamAnoMke AkramaNase usakA satyAnAza huaa| hajAroM jainamaMdira masajida banA liye gaye / jainaloga apanI prANarakSAmeM dharma prabhAvanAke kAryoMko 3 * " 1 - jaihi0 3 - pUrva0, pR0 14 / bhA0 13 pR0 417 / 2 - gusApari0, pR0 72 /

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142] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / sucAru rItima na calA ske| kain Adi sthAnoke jainamaMdigako naSTa karake musalamAnoMne unakA manamAne DhaMgame upayoga kiyaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki jainazilyakA prabhAva musalamAnI zilpapara par3A huA milatA hai|' isa kAlame jainokA samparka hindu.me vizeSa ho calA thA isa kAraNa unake rItirivAjoMkA prabhAva bhI una para par3ane lagA thaa| gujarAtame digambara jaina dharmakA astitva to svayaM bhagavAna ___mahAvIrake samayame thaa| mauryakAlame bhI digambara jainadharmakA vaha yahA para vidyamAna thaa| giranArakI utkrp| prAcIna guphAyeM isI bAtakI dyotaka hai| upaganta zaka aura chatrapagajAoMke samayame -bhI digambara jainadharma yahA pradhAna rahA thaa| nahapAna, rudrasiha Adi chatrasagajA imI dharmake anuyAyI the| rASTrakUTa aura cAlukya rAjya kAlame bhI digambara jainoMkI mahattA gujarAtame kama nahIM huI thii| IDara aura sUrata digambara jainadharmake mugvya kendra sthAna the / aMkalezvara digambara jainokA pavitra tIrtha sthAna hai, jahA jinavANI sarva prathama lipivaddha huI thii| cAlukya siddharAja jayasihake daravArame digambara aura zvetAmbaroMkA vAna honA, isa vAtakA dyotaka hai ki taba taka digambara jainoMkA mahatva yahA avazya hI itanA kAphI thA ki vaha rAjAkA dhyAna bhI apanI ora AkarSita kara sake the| kintu vAdake liye kAMTaka dezase eka digambarAcAryako bulAnA pragaTa karatA 1-cAra varSa 5 pR0 301 / 2-hivi0 bhA02 pR0 292 / 3-jehi0 bhA0 6 aka 11-12 pR0 20 //

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gujarAtameM jainadhama va zve0 graMthotpatti / [ 143 hai ki vahAM digambara jainoMmeM diggaja vidvAnoMkA prAyaH abhAva thA / 'neminirvANa kAvya' aura 'vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra' ke kartA somazreSTIke putra . - vAgbhaTTa to mahArAja jayasiha ke pradhAna maMtriyome se the / ' bhaktAmara kathA' meM varNita rAjA prajApAla yahIM jayasiha pratIta hone hai| tathA isa kathAme rAjA kumArapAla aura usake maMtrI AvaDakA bhI ullekha hai / ' 2 I 3 ina kathAoMse tatkAlIna jainadharmakA mahatva pragaTa hotA hai / aMkalezvarake rAjA jayasena muni guNabhUSaNako AhAradAna dekara puNya saMcaya karate the / digambara jainamuni dezabhara me vicarate huye jaina - dharmakA udyota karate the / gujarAtake devapura nAmaka nagara meM eka muni jIvanandI saMgha sahita pahuMce the / vahA jainokA nAmanizAna nahIM thA / vaha zaivamaMdirame gaye aura logoMko upadeza dekara jainI banA liyA aura isa prakAra saba saMghako AhAradAna pAnekI suvidhA kara dii| isa ghaTanA taba taka jainadharma ke udArarUpakA patA calatA hai, kintu uparAnta kAlameM jainadharmakI yaha ur3AgtA logone bhulAdI / isa prakAra gujarAtameM digambara jaivika ativa bhI prabhAvazAlI rahA hai| usakA prabhAva, mAlUma honA, zvetAmbaroM para bhI paDA thA; yahI kAraNa hai ki saMvat 705 se zrIkalaza nAmaka eka zvetAmba - rAcAryane kalyANa nAmaka sthAna para yApanIya saMghakI sthApanA kI thI; jisameM muniyoMko nagna rahanA digambarokI bhAti Avazyaka ThaharAyA thA / strI mukti Adi mAnyatAyeM isa saMvameM zvetAMbaroM ke samAna thIM x 1 - jaiprA0 pR0 240 | 2 bhaktAmara kathA, kAvya 29 / 3 - jaiprA0 pR0 240 | x jehi0 bhA0 13 pR0 250 /

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144] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / (7) uttarI bhAratale anya rAja ba jainadharma harSake bAda uttara bhAratame koI aisA zaktizAlI rAjA nahIM thA jo usake vistRta sAmrAjyakA samucita rAjapUta aura prabandha krtaa| isakA pariNAma yaha huA jainadharma / ki sAmrAjya chinnabhinna ho gayA aura aneka choTe 2 rAjya bana gye| inameme adhikAga rAjapUtoke adhikArame the| 'rAjavRta' ganda gajaputrakA apabhraMza hai aura yaha rAjya sattAdhikArI kSatriyoMkA dyotaka hai| kahA jAtA hai ki saMbhavata rAjapUta vizuddha Arya kSatriyoMkI saMtAna nahIM hai| 'jaise anya jAtiyA mizrita hai, usI prakAra rAjapUta jAti bhI aneka jAtiyoMke mizraNase banI hai| inhIM logokI pradhAnatA uttara bhAratame musalamAnoMke AkramaNa taka rahI thii| ina logoMne jainadharmako bhI apanAyA thaa| jainoke eka prAcIna guTakeme ina cauhAna. paDihAra Adi rAjapUta kSatriyoMko jainadharmabhukta aura unake kuladevatA cakravarA, ambA Adi zAsana deviyA pragaTa kI hai| gupta rAjAoMke samayame kannauja vaDI unnata DhagAme thaa| 'navIM zatAbdime phira yahAMkA rAjya uttarIbhAratake kannaujake rAjA bhoja rAjyome sarva pradhAna ho gyaa| isa samaya prihaar| bhoja parihAra (840-90 I0) vahAMkA rAjA thaa| isase pahale san 712 meM 1-bhAI0, pR0 106 / 2-vIra0, varSa 3 pR. 472 / 3-bhAI0, pR0 108-109 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [145 __ arabake musalamAnone bhArata para hamalA karake sindha prAtako jIta. liyA thaa| vahAMkA hindUrAnA aura ganI raNakSetrame vIragatiko prApta huye the| kintu musalamAnoke isa hamalekA adhika prabhAva bhAratapara nahIM paDA thA; balki musalamAnoMne bhAratIya sabhyatAme bahuta kuchajyotiSa aura vaidyaka Adi sIgyA thA / bhoja parihAra samasta uttarI bhAratame-pazcimameM jUnAgar3ha taka aura pUrvame hajArIbAga taka rAjya karate the: paraMtu unake bAda unake uttarAdhikArI isa rAjyako saMbhAla na sake / tathApi mahamUda gajanavIkA sAtha dene Adi kAraNoMse __ yaha apanA mahatva kho baiNtth|' zrI vappamUri nAmaka jainAcAryane saMbhavataH - isI rAjA bhojake daravArameM Adara prApta kiyA thaa| ina AcAryane rAjapUtAnese lekara baGgAla taka vicaraNa karake jaina dharmakA pracAra kiyA thA / aura rAjAoMko jainadharmakA bhakta banAyA thA / nepAlake rAjAoMko bhI saMbhavata. unhoMne hI jainadharmapremI banAyA thaa| bhojake pUrvaja vastsarAja pratihArakA bhI jainadharmake prati sadbhAva thaa| unhoMne man 784 I0 meM osiyA grAmame eka jainamaMdira banavAyA thaa| kintu pratihAra (parihAra) vaMzake vADha san 1090 I0 ke lagabhaga gahagvAra (rAThaura ) rAjapUtokA adhikAra kannauja para ho gayA thaa| isI vaMzame rAjA jayacandra huA thA, jise mahammadagorIne laDAImeM harAyA thaa| Ajakalake saMyukta prAntame bhI usa samaya kaI rAjya the aura 1-mAi0, pR0 108-109 / 2-digambara jaina, varSa 23 pR0 89 | 4-enuala riporTa oNpha Arka0 sarve iDiyA, 1906-7 10 209 / 10

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146] maMkSipta jaina itihaam| unameme uDe eka jainadharmAnuyAyI the| zrAvastI. vividha gajavaMgAmeM mathuga amAinr3A. devagar3ha Adi myAna jainadharma / jainayama nunthya ndra the| ganA kIni nmAMka maMtrI vatmarAjakA eka jainalekha mana 1027 kA rAjagaTIke pAsa mila hai|' 11 vIM gatAni / thAnIne janadharma bahuta unnati para tha / vahA para jaina dhamAMnuyAyI gajavaMga eka dIvAlase rAjya kara rahA thA / isa vaMgakA sarva aMtima rAjA muhadvaja nAmaka thaa| hAthilI nAmaka grAmameM usane maiyada sAlArako labADame talavArake ghATa utarA thaa| muhadRjakI isa vijayame karIba 10 varSa pIche isa jainavaMzakA anta huA thaa| nahIM hai ki eka daM gajA prAmAntarase loTa nahIM pAyA ki nyAsta ho calA / gatri bhojana niSiddha jAnakara rAnI bar3I chaTapaTAI paraMtu parama zIlavatI rAjAke choTe bhAIkI patnIka nIlaprabhAvame sUryAsta hAta 2 vaca gayA aura rAjAne sAnanda bhojana kiyaa| kintu bADameM gajAkI niyatta apane choTe bhAIkI isa sAbI bI para Tala gaI aura usIke gApame isa vaMzakA anta huA thaa| zrAvastIka atirikta ayodhyA rAjA madIgala aura sagarapurake rAjA sAgara bhI jaina dhagaMnugayI the| IsavI cArahavIM gatAnjime phainAbAdamIgatada nAnaka baMganA rAjya za / ima vaMzakA mukhya rAjA tilakacaMdra jainayamAnuyAyI tha jinakA yuddha nuhanmada gajanavIka sipahasAlArase huA th| banArasane rAjA bhAnasena mI jainI the| - smA0, pR0 11 / 2-saMprAnga0, pR0 65 3-jaima0, pR. 24014-samAjasma0, pR0 70 /

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__ uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [147 vaha antame pihitAzrava nAmaka jainamuni huye the|' saM0 1278meM banArasake rAjAse zvetAmbara jainAcArya abhayadevarine 'vAdIsiha kA viruda prApta kiyA thaa| isI samayake lagabhaga mathurAme gNaketu nAmaka rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI thaa| vaha apane bhAI guNavarmA sahita nitya jinendrapUjana kiyA karatA thaa| antame guNavarmAko gajya dekara vaha jainamuni ho gayA thaa| varmAnta nAmavAle rAjAokA rAjya mandamora (gvAliyara ) aura gaMgadhArame guptakAlame thA / inameMse eka nagvarmA rAjAkA ullekha jainoMkI dvAdazI vrata kathAme bhI hai| saMbhavata isI vaMzakA adhikAra uparAta mathurAmeM ho gayA hogA aura guNavarmA inhIMkA vaMzaja ho saktA hai / mathurAmeM 12-13 vIM gatAbdikI jainamUrtiyA milI hai| uname bhI taba taka vahA para jainadharmakA prAbalya pragaTa hotA hai| sUrIpura ( jilA AgarA ) kA rAjA jitagatru bhI jainI thA, jo bar3e 2 vidvAnoMkA Adara karatA thA / antameM vaha jainamuni ho gayA thaa| aura zAtikIrtike nAmase prasiddha huA thaa| jamanAke kinAre para sthita asAIgver3A grAmameM gyArahavIM zatAbdi takakI jaina pratimAya agaNita milatI hai | jilA iTAvA aura Agareke nikaTavartI grAmomeM jainadhvaMzavizeSoMkA milanA, yahA para jainoMkI pradhAnatAkA dyotaka hai / sacamukha bhadAvara prAnnameM hastikAtanagara jainoMkA mukhya kendra thaa| yahA vikramakI 11 vIM zatAbdime 16 vIM zatA. 1-jaiprA0 pR0 292 / 2-DijebA0, pR09|3 je20, pR0 242 / 4-rAi0, pR0 125-126 / 5-bhapA0, pR0 19817 6-jaipra0, pR0 241 / - -

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148] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / ndi taka jainoMkA prAbalya adhika thA / yahAke nivAmiyoMne 52 jinapratimAoMkI pratiSThA karAI thii| saM0 1168 me yahA para cauhAna rAjA udayarAjadevakA rAjya thaa|' ahicchatra (balI ) kA prasiddha rAjA mayUradhvaja bhI jainI thaa| saMbhava hai ki isa rAjAkA sambandha zrAvastIke dhvaJ nAmAntaka rAjAoMke jainavaMzase hai / isa dezame jainadharma unnati para thaa| ahicchatra I0 san 2004 taka basA huA thaa| kahate hai ki san 275 I0 me gvAliyarakI sthApanA rAjA sUryasena dvAga huI thI / bhojadeva parihAra gvAliyarake rAjA (882 I0 ) ke kaniSTha pautra vinAyaka aura jaindhrm| pAlake vADha kacchavAhA vaMzI vadAmA vAli / yarapara adhikAra karake navarAja vaMzake pratichAtA hue the| yahAM eka jainamUrtike pavitra aGgame utkIrNa vajranAmAkI zilAlipise pragaTa hai ki vaha lakSmaNake putra the aura unhoMne hI pahale gopagirI durgame jayaDhakkA bajAyA thA / sAsa bahUke digambara jaina maMdirame sa0 1150 va 1160 ke utkIrNa isa vaMzake rAjA mahIpAlake do zilAlekhoMse jAnA jAtA hai ki vajranAmAke putra maGgala the aura unake vaMgaja kramA kIrtipAla, bhuvanapAla, devapAla, padmapAla, sUryapAla, aura mahIpAla the / ina sabane gvAliyarame rAjya kiyaa| uparAMta madhasUdana kacchAvAhAke hAthase gvAliyara nikalakara parihAra vaMzI kSatriyoMke adhikArameM pahuMca gayA thaa| rAjA kIrtisiMhake samayameM gvAliyarameM khUba zilpakArya huaathaa| jaina zilpa 1-prAjailesaM0, bhA0 1 pR099 / 2-saMpAjaismA0, pR0 81 //

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [149 apane naipuNyake liye prasiddha hai| isa samaya gvAliyarameM jainoMkI vizeSa unnati huI thii| di0jaina vidvAnoMkI mAnyatA bhI yahA khUba thii| vi0 saM0 1013 meM mAdhavake putra mahendracaMdrane gvAliyarake nikaTa muhaniyA nAmaka sthAnapara eka jaina mRrtikI pratiSThA karAI thii| mahaMndracandra saMbhavataH gvAliyarakA eka rAjA thA / ( jarnala Aba ai0 so0 vaMgAla, bhA0 31 pR0 390.) suhaniyA usa samaya jainoMkA kendra thaa| ____ madhyabhAratake bundelakhaNDa prAMtameM candela rAjapUtoMkA rAjya thaa| AThavIM zatAbdimeM yaha deza jaijAkabhukti kahamadhya bhAratameM jainadharma / lAtA thA / caMdelavaMzakA mUla puruSa naMnuka candelA thA ; jisane eka parihAra saradArako parAjita karake bundelakhaNDameM apanA adhikAra jamAyA thaa| candeloMkI rAjadhAnI mahobA thii| caMderI (gvAliyara ) meM bhI candelarAjAoMne san 700se 1184 taka rAjya kiyA thaa| canderIko candeloMne hI vasAyA thaa| pahAr3I para rAjamahala hai, jisake sannikaTa aneka jainamUrtiyAM milatI hai| mahobAke AsapAsa bhI jainamUrtiyoMkI bAhulyatA hai aura vaha candela rAjA paramAla dvArA pratiSThita batAI jAtI hai / ina bAtoMse candelavaMzameM jainadharmakI mAnyatA pragaTa hotI hai| san 1000 I0meM yaha rAjya unnatike zikhara para thaa| isa vaMzameM sabase prasiddha rAjA dhana (950-99) aura kIrtivarmA (1049-1100 I0) huye the| rAjA dhaGkake rAjatvakAlameM 1-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 741 / 2-mAI0, pra0 110 / 3-maprAjaismA0, pR0 63 /

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150] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| jainadharma unnati para thaa| khujarAhome inhIM rAjAse Adara prApta sUryavaMzI pAhilane san 954 meM jinanAthake maMdirako aneka udyAna vAna kiye the|' saM0 1215 ko gRhapatikulaMka pAhilake putra daMDane eka jaina-vimbakI pratiSThA karAI thii| ghaTAIkA prasiddha maMdira bhI isI samayakA banA huA hai| yahAMke naM0 25 vAle maMdirameM rAjaputra zrI jayasihakA ullekha hai| aise hI anya logoMne bhI aneka jainamaMdira vanavAye the| san 1203meM candeloko musalamAnoMne jIta liyA thaa| dasavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga bahADa prAntameM Ila nAmaka rAjA prasiddha ho gayA hai| yaha jainI thA / isane rAjA Ila ora san 1000meM apane nAmase Ilicapura (IlejainadharmakA abhyudy| zapura) nagara vasAyA thaa| musalamAnoMke hAtho vaha mArAgayA thaa| 'bhaktAmarakathA' (kA020) se pragaTa hai ki nAgapurameM bhI lagabhaga isI samaya nAbhirAja nAmaka eka jainadharmAnuyAyI rAjA thaa|' aura 'prabhAvaka caritra ' se pragaTa hai ki saM0 1174 meM nAgapurakA rAjA AlhAdana nAmakA thA, jo jainAcArya municandrakA zipya thA / * kintu bahAr3a prAntameM vikramakI AThavIM zatAbdise dasavIM zatAbdi taka kramazaH cAlukya aura rASTrakUTa rAjAokA rAjya rahA thaa| ye donoMhI rAjavaMzajainadharmake poSaka the; isa kAraNa uktakAlameM jainadharmakA yahAM khUva pracAra rahA thaa| 1-maprAmasmA0, pR0 116-117 / 2-hivi0, bhA0 5 pR0 .680 / 3-saMprAjaismA0, pR0 43 / 4-maprAjaismA0, pR0 14 bhUmikA | 5-jaipra0, pR0 240 / *-DijaivA0 pR0 42 / 6-maprAjaismA0, pR0 14 bhuumikaa|

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A N uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma / [151 madhyaprAntakA sabase baDA rAjavaMza kalacUriyoMkA thA, jinakA prAbalya 8 vIM va 9vIM zatAbdime khUba rahA madhyaprAMtameM jainadharma / thaa| eka samaya kalacUri rAjya baMgAlase gujarAta aura banArasase karNATaka taka phailA huA thA aura isa vaMzake rAjAoMkA prema jaina dharmase vizepa thA / jaina dharmAnuyAyI rASTrakUTavaMzI rAjAoke sAtha inake vivAha sambandha huye the| kalacUriyokI rAjadhAnI tripurI aura ratanapura the| ina sthAnoMmeM aneka jaina mUrtiyAM aura khaMDahara milata hai| vaDagAMva (jabalapura) ke jaina zilAlekhoMme kalacUrI rAjA karNadevakA ullekha hai; jinakA yuddha kIrtivarmana candelese huA thaa| devapurase prApta eka jaina mUrtipara bhI saM0 007 kA kalacUrI baMgakA lekha hai| lakhanAdonake kilese eka bhanna zilAlekha 10 vIM gatAbdikA milA hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki vikramasenane jaina tIrthakarakI bhaktime maMdira banavAyA thaa| kalacarivaMgake bar3e pratApI nareza vijala (vijayasihadeva san 1980)ke pakke jaina dharmAnuyAyI honeke pramANa upalabdha. hai; kintu isI rAjAke samayase kalacUri rAjadaravArameM jainiyoMkA jora ghaTa gayA aura zaivadharmakA prAvalya bar3hA thaa| jainadharma rAjAzrayavihIna kSINa avazya hogayA, para usakA sarvathA lopa na hoskaa| svayaM kalacUri vaMgame jaina dharmakA prabhAva banA hI rhaa| madhyaprAntameM jo jaina kalavAra sahasroMkI saMkhyAme milate hai, ve inhIM kalacUriyoMkI saMtAna hai| 1-pUrva0, pR0 8-10 / 2-maprAjaismA0, pR0 16 / 3-pUrva0 pR0 23 | 4-pUrva0 bhUmikA pR0 11-12 /

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152] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / navIM aura dazavIM zatAbdime madhyabhAratame bhI jainoMkI vizeSa unnati aura kIrti phailI huI thii| dhAgake dhArAkA rAjavaMza aura naregona jaina dharmako khUba apanAyA thA / yaha jaina dhrm| paramAravaMgake rAjA the| isa vaMzakI nIMva upendra nAmaka saradArane 0.vIM zatAbdime DAlI thii| paramAra rAjAoM dvArA samkRta mAhityakI vizeSa unnani huI thii| isI vaMgame suprasiddha rAjA bhoja huA thaa| vaha san 1018 I0me dhArAnagarIkI gaddIpara baiThA thaa| dhArA usa samaya mAlavAkI rAjadhAnI thI, usane bahutame rAjyAko jItA thaa| bhAja baDA vidyApremI thA, kahate hai ki jyotiSa zAstra, vAstuvidyA. padyaracanA Adi vipayoMpara usane kaI grantha likhe hai| usane dhArAme eka vidyApITha sthApita kiyA thA aura usame gilAopara kAvya. vyAkaraNa tathA jyotipake grantha khudavAkara rakve the| isa vidyApIThako toDakara pIchese musalamAnone masajida bnaaii|" vyAkaraName jaina grantha 'kAtantra' ke aneka sUtra dhArAkI bhojazAlAme sarpavaddha ukere huye hai| bhoja eka baDA Adarza rAjA thA. usane aneka jaina aura ajaina vidvAnokA sammAna kiyA thaa| vaha san 1060 I0 taka rAjya karatA rahA thaa| bhojake vaMzaja 13 vIM zatAbdi I0 taka mAlavAme rAjya karate rahe, parantu antame musalamAnone unheM bhI parAjita kiyA thaa| ___ mAlavAke paramAroMme muMjanareza bhI eka parAkramI aura vidvAn 1-bhAi0 pR0 109 / 2-mahii0, pR0 16 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [153 ___ rAjA thaa| vaha vidvAnoMkA bahuta bar3A Azra* rAjA muMja aura yadAtA thaa| usake darabArameM dhanapAla, padmajaina vidvAn / gupta, dhanaMjaya, dhanika, halAyudha Adi aneka vidvAn the|' muMjanarezase jainAcArya mahAsenasarine vizeSa sammAna pAyA thaa| muMjake uttarAdhikArI siMdhurAjake eka mahAsAmantake anurodhase unane 'pradyumnacarita' kAvyakI racanA kI thii| muMjake daravArI kavi dhanapAla kAzyapagotrI brAhmaNa ujjainake nivAsI the| vaha acche vidvAna the aura jainoMkA unase vizeSa 'samAgama rahA thaa| dhanapAlakA choTA bhAI jaina hogayA thA, parantu unheM jainoMse ghRNA thii| isI kAraNa vaha jainoMke kendra ujainako chor3a kara dhArAmeM jArahe, vahAM unhoMne vi0 saM0 1029 meM 'pAilacchI 'nAmamAlA' nAmaka prAkRta koSa apanI choTI bahana sundarIke lie ' banAyA thaa| vaha bhI viduSI thI aura kavitA karatI thii| antataH dhanapAla apane bhAI zobhanake upadezase kaTTara jaina ho gayA thaa| usane jIvahiMsA rokaneke liye rAjA bhojako upadeza diyA thaa| ' tathA jaina ho jAne para 'tilakamaJjarI' kI racanA kI thii| 'RSama paJcAzikA' bhI isI kavikI banAI huI hai| kavi dhanaJjayane 'dazarUpaka' nAmakA graMtha banavAyA thaa| zrI zubhacandrAcArya bhI rAjA muMjake samayameM huye the aura yaha rAjaputra the| inhoMne 'jJAnAvarNava' graMthakI racanA kI thii| kahate haiM ki kavi bhRrtRhari inhIke bhAI the| .' 1-bhAprANa0,, bhA0 1 pR0 100 / 2-bhaprAjaismA0 bhUmikA pR0.20 / 3-bhAprA0, bhA0 1 pR0 103-104 / 4-majaii0, * pR0 54.55 /

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- 154] saMkSipta jaina itihaas| rAjA muMjake samayame hI prasiddha digambara jainAcArya zrI ami taganijI huye the| yaha mAthurasaMghIya mAdhavaamitagati AcArya / senake ziSya the| kahA~ haiM ki vi0 saM0 1925 ke kucha pahile inakA janma huA thaa| AcAryavarya amitagani baDhe bhArI vidvAna aura kavi the| inakI asAdhAraNa vidvattAkA paricaya pAneko inake graMthoMkA manana karanA cAhie / racanA sarala aura sukhasAva honepara bhI varDI gaMbhIra aura madhura hai| saMskRta bhASApara inakA acchA adhikAra thaa| inhoMne apane 'dharmaparIkSA' nAmaka graMthako kevala do mahIneme likhakara samApta kiyA thA, jise par3hakara loga mugdha ho jAte hai / san 2013 I0 me yaha graMtha pUrNa huA thaa| isake pahale san 993me AcAryavaryane 'subhASita ratnasaMdoha' nAmaka graMtha racA thaa| inake atirikta unhoMne (1) zrAvakAcAra (2) bhAvanAdvAtriMgati. (3) pacasaMgraha. (4) jambRdvIpa prajJapti. (5) candra prajJapti. (6) sArddhadvayadvIpa prajJapti. (7) vyAkhyAprajJapti. (8) yogasAra prabhRti graMtha race the| 'paMcasaMgraha' nAmaka graMthako Apane rAjA bhojake pitA sidhurAjake samayame likhA thaa| usakI prazastime AcAryavarya apaneko gautama gaNadharake samAna likhate hai| unake advitIya graMthoMko prakAzameM lAnekI AvazyaktA hai| zrI mahAkavi sAmadevasUri ina AcAryakai samakAlIna the. jinhoMne yagastilakacampU. nItivAkyAmRta Adi graMtha race the| amitagatijIke guru mAdhavasenake sahapAThI prasiddha vidvAna AcArya devasena the: jinhoMne 1-hivi0, bhA0 2 pR0 64 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [155 saM0 900 me dhArAnagarake pArzvanAtha caityAlayame 'darzanasAra' graMthakI racanA kI thI + rAjA bhojakA yuddha gujarAtake cAlukya rAjA bhImase huA thA. parantu antame ina donoke bIca sandhi ho rAjA bhoja aura gaI thii| rAjA bhojake jaina senApati kuljaindhrm| candrane anahilavADAme bhImako harA diyA thaa| rAjA bhojake darabAra meM jainokA sammAna vizeSa thA; yadyapi vaha svayaM zaiva thaa| vaha jaino aura hinduoke zAlArthakA bar3A anurAgI thaa|' zravaNabelagolase prApta saMbhavataH san, 1115 I0ke lekhame pragaTa hai ki bhojane prabhAcandra jainAcAryake paira pUje the| dUbakuNDavAle zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki 'bhojake sAmane sabhAmeM zAntisena nAmaka jainane saikaDoM vidvAnoko harAyA thaa| kyo ki unhoMne usake pahale ambarasena Adi jaina vidvAnoMkA sAmanA kiyA thaa|' bhojakI sabhAme kAlidAsa, vararuci, subandhu, bANa, amara, rAmadeva, harivaMza. gaDara, kaliGga, kapUra, vinAyaka, madana, rAjazekhara, mAgha, dhanapAla, mItA, mAnatuGga, Adi vidvAnoMkA honA batAyA jAtA hai| dhanapAla jaina the, yaha pahale likhA jAcukA hai| zobhanake jaina honepara bhojane kucha samayataka jainokA dhArAme AnA baMda kara diyA thaa| kAlidAsa kavi meghadUta Adi graMthoMke racayitA - kAlidAsase bhinna the| inakI spardhA jainAcArya mAnatuGgajIse vizeSa thii| inake , ukasAnepara bhojane mAnatugAcAryako aDatAlIsa koThariyoMke bhItara ___ *-vira0, pR0 115 / 1-bhASAe0, bhA0 ? pR0 115 / 2-bhASAe0, bhA0 1 pR0 118-121 / -

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156 ] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | baMdhavAkara TalvA diyA thA; parantu vaha apane Atmabalase bandhanamukta hogaye the / isa kArAvAsakI dazAme hI muni mAnatuGgajIna prasiddha bhaktAmara stotra racA thA jisakA chyAlIsavAM kAvya racane2 hI unake vandhana apane Apa naSTa hogaye the| unake mAhAtmyase prabhAvita ho kahane hai ki rAjA bhoja aura kavi kAlidAsa bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI hogaye the / ' jaina kavi dhanaMjaya bhI rAjA bhojake samakAlIna batAye jAte hai| inhoMne apane putrako sarpadazake viSase mukta karaneke liye viSApahAra stotra' kI racanA kI thii| inake anya grantha nAma-mAlA, dvisaMdhAnakAvya, vipApahArastotra. vaicakanighaMTu Adi hai / brahmadevake anusAra 'dravyasaMgraha' ke karttA zrI nemicaMdrAcArya zrI bhojadevake daravArame the / nayanaMDhi nAmaka jainAcAryane apanA sudarzana caritra inhIMke rAjatvakAlme samApta kiyA thA / * bhojane cAlIsa varSataka rAjya kiyA thA aura usake vAda saMbhavata usakA putra jayasiha gaddIpara baiThA thA / isake samayame rAjA bhojake sAmrAjyapara vipattike vAdala chAgaye the, jinako isake uttarAdhikArI udayAdityane dUra kiyA thA / rAjA bhojakA samakAlIna kacchapaghAta ( kacchavAhA ) vaMzI rAjA abhimanyu thA aura usakI prazaMsA svayaM bhojadUvakuMDake kacchavAhe rAjane kI thii| yaha rAjA caDobhanagara (TUbakuMDava jainazreSTI dAhar3a / zivapura) se rAjya karatA thA / isake nAtI vikramasiMhakA eka zilAlekha saMvat 1945 1- bhaktAmara kathA - jaipra0 pR0 239 / 2- majair3a0 pR0 56 | 3 - maprAnaismA0, bhUmikA pR0 20 / 4- ahi0, pR0 317 /

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M uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA vjaindhrm| [157 kA devakuMDake jainamaMdirame milA hai; jisame vahAMke jainazreSTI dAiDa dvAga nirmita jainamaMdirako mahArAja vikramasihane jo dAna diyA thA. usakA ullekha hai| dAhar3a jAyasapurase Aye huye vaNika jAsUkake vaMzame thaa| usake baDe bhAI Rpiko vikramasihane zreSTIpada pradAna kiyA thA / dAhar3ane zrI lATavAgaTagaNake jainAcArya vijayakIrtike upadezase bhavya jainamaMdira banavAyA thaa| yaha kacchapa rAjA paramAroMke sAmanta pratIta hote hai|' mAlavAke paramArAme naravarmA bhI prasiddha rAjA thaa| gujarAtake rAjA jayasiMhase usakA yuddha huA thA, jisameM rAjA naravAke sama- use parAjita honA par3A thaa| naravarmA vidvAna yage jaina dhrm| thA, man 1104 kI nAgapuravAlI prazasti usIkI racanA hai| udayAdityake nirmANa kiye huye varNo tathA nAmo evaM dhAtuoMke pratyayoMke nAgabaMdha citra usane 'una gAMva (indaura) meM khudavAye the| ye vahAMke jaina maMdirameM ava bhI maujUda hai| yaha maMdira pahale vidyAlaya thA / vidyA aura dAnameM nagvarmAkI tulanA bhojase kI jAtI thii| usake samayameM bhI mAlavA vidyApITha samajhA jAtA thA aura jaina tathA vaidika matAvalaMbiyoMke bIca zAstrArtha bhI huye the| mahAkAlake maMdira meM jainAcArya ratnasUri aura jaiva vidyAzivavAdIkA paraspara eka bar3A bhArI zAstrArtha huA thaa| jainAcArya samudraghopa bhI naravarmAkI sabhAmeM maujUda the aura usakI vidvattApara naravarma bar3e prasanna the| abhayadevasUrike 'jayantakAvya' kI -maprAjaismA0 pR0 73-76 / 2-bhAprArA0. bhA0 3 pR0 195 / 3-maprAjaismA0 pR0 92 /

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158] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / pragantime nagvAMkA jaina vallabhamarike caraNoMpara sira jhukAnA liyA hai| nagbaki putra yazAvamAMne apanI Agme jainadharmAvalambI maMtrI jainacadrako gujarAtakA hAkmi niyata kiyA thaa| paramAra rAjAoMkA martha gujagatame hAnekA hI yaha pariNAma pratIta hotA hai ki tAMvara jainAcArya bhI mAravAkI aura Agaye ja mAne gajagvArame mAnyatA prApta kI thii| imI vanakA vindhyavamA nAmaka rAjA bhI vidyAkA vaDA anu gagI thA usake maMtrIkA nAma vilhaNa thaa| 'kavivara AzAdhara / kavivara AgAdharakI minnatA inase adhika shrii| AgAvara eka prasiddha jaina paNDita hogaye hai / I0 sana 1192 me dillIkA cauhAna rAjA pRthvIrAja zAhAbuddIna gArIme hAra gayA thA. isa kAraNa uttarI bhAratameM mumalamAnoMkA AtaMka chA gayA thaa| aneka hiMdU vidvAnoMko apanA naMga chor3anA par3A thA / kavivara AgAdhara bhI aime vidvAnoMmese eka the / mUlame AgAdhara sapAdalakSa dezake maMDalakara ( mADalagar3hamevADa ) nAmaka grAmake nivAsI the| taba yaha deza cauhAnoMke ajamera rAjyake aMtargata thA / AzAdharajIkA janma vi0 saM0 1235 ke lagabhaga bagharavAla jaina zreSTI sallamaNakI bhAyAM ranIkI kokhase huA thA / musalamAnoMke Atankase bacaneke liye AgAdhara saparivAra dhAganagarIme jAbame the / garAnagarIme unhoMne vAdirAja paM0 dharamenake gipya paM0 mahAvIrase jainendra vyAkaraNa aura jaina siddhAMta 1-mAprArA0 mA0 1 pR0 144-145 / 2-bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 156 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [159 paTe the / AgAdharakI strI sarasvatIye chAhaDa nAmaka putra huA thA; jisane dhArAke mahArAjAdhirAja arjunadevako apane guNoMse mohita kara liyA thaa| vaha bhI apane pitAkI taraha baDA bhArI vidvAna thaa| vindhyavarmAkA vilhana maMtrI AgAvarako kavirAja kahA karatA thaa| inakI kavinAkA vidvAna bahuta Adara karate the| yahAtaka ki jaina muni udayasenane unheM ' kali kAlidAsa kI upAdhi dI thii| muni madanakIrtine unheM 'prajJAkA puja' arthAt vidyAkA bhaNDAra kahakara 'pukArA thaa| kavi vilhaNane unhoMkI mitratAse prerita ho kara 'karNasuMdarI nATikA ke maMgalAcaraNameM jinadevako namaskAra kiyA thaa| yaha nATikA aNahilapATanake rAjA karNake jainamatrI sampatkarake banavAye huye AdinAtha bhagavAnake yAtrAmahotsavake liye banAI gaI thii| AgAdharajIke eka mipya madanopAdhyAya the| yaha mAhArAja arjanadevake gajAru aura mahAkavi the| yaha arjanadeva vindhyavamauke putra the / AgAdhara aura unake putrane unako bhI apane guNoMse prasanna kara liyA thA / madanopAdhyAyake atirikta AgAdharane devendra Adi vidvAnoMko vyAkaraNa, vizAlakIrti Adiko tarkazAstra aura vinayacaMdra Adiko jaina siddhAMta paDhAyA thaa| usase AzAdharakI vidvattA, par3hAnekI zakti aura paropakArazIlatAkA patA calatA hai| unake svayaM gRhastha honepara bhI baDe 2 muni unake pAsa vidyAdhyayana karane Ate the / rAjA arjuna ke rAjya samayame jainadharmakI unnatike liye AgAdhara nAlachA ( nalakacchapura ) ke neminAthajIke mandirameM jArahe the / nAlachA usa samaya jainadhamakA keMdra thaa| kavirAjane. aneka amUlya gratha racakara evaM anya upAyoM dvArA jainadharmakA mastaka

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160] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / UMcA kiyA thaa| unake race huye grantha bahuta hI apUrva hai / unake graMthAme 'sAgAradharmAmRta' vizeSa ullekhanIya hai / 'adhyAtmarahasya nAmaka grantha kavirAjane apane pitAkI AjJAse banAyA thaa| unake pitA dhArAme Akara arjunadevake sandhivigrahika maMtrI hogaye the| kavirAz2ake banAye hue graMthoMke nAma isa prakAra hai " (1) prameya ratnAkara (syAdvADha matakA tarka graMtha), (2) bharatezvarAbhyudaya kAvya aura usakI TIkA. (3) dharmAmRta gAla TIkA sahita (jaina muni aura zrAvakoMke AcArakA grantha). (4) gajImanI vipralambha (neminAtha viSayaka khaNDakAvya), (5) adhyAtma rahasya (yogakA ), (6) mUlArAvanA TIkA, iSTopadeza TIkA. catuvizatistava AdikI TIkA. (7) kriyA kalApa (amarakopa TIkA). (8) rudraTakUna kAvyAlaMkArapara TIkA. (9) saTIka sahasranAma stava. (10) saTIka jinayajJa kalpa. (11) triSaSThi smRti ( ArSa mahApurANake AdhArapara 63 mahApuruSoMkI kathA ), (12) nitya mahodyota (jina pUjana), (13) ratnatrayavidhAna aura (14) vAgbhaTasaMhitA (vaidyaka ) para aSTAga hRdayAdyota nAmakI TIkA / ullikhita granthAmese triSaSThi smRti vi0 saM0 1292 me aura bhavya kumuDhacaMdrikA nAmakI dharmAmRta zAstrapATIkA vi0 saM0 1300 me samApta huii| yaha dharmAmRta zAstra bhI AgAdharane devapAladevake putra jaitugidevake hI samayame banAyA thaa| __ kavivara arhaddAsane AzAdharajIke upadezase jainadharma grahaNa 1-vira0, pR0 95-114 / 2-bhAnArA0, bhA01 pR0 157 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma [ 161 kiyA thaa| unakA racA huA ' munimutratakAvya ' vizeSa prasiddha hai / zvatAvara grantha 'caturviMzati prabandha meM likhA hai (saM0 1405) ki ujjainI meM vizAlakIrti nAmaka digambara sAdhu the / unhoMne vAdiyoko parAjita karake ' mahApramANika' padavI pAI thI / yaha saMbhavataH AzAvarajIke hI ziSya the| inhone karNATaka dezameM jAkara vijayapura nareza ke daravArameM Adara pAyA thA aura aneka vidvAnoM ko parAjita kiyA thA / kiMtu aMtame vaha munipadase bhraSTa hogaye the / ' uttara aura madhyamAra kI taraha baMgAla aura oDIsA meM bhI jaina dharmakA astitva IsavI 13 vIM zatAbditaka baMgAla aura or3I - rahA thA / 'bhaktAmarakathA' se pragaTa hai ki isa sAmeM jainadharma | samayame campApurakA rAjA karNa jainI thA / bhagavAn mahAvIrakI janma nagarI vizAlAkA rAjA lokapAla bhI jainadharma bhakta thA / vizAlAme jaba hUyenatsAMga pahucA thA, taba use bahuta jainI mile the / yahAse kaI mudrAyeM aisI milI hai jinapara tIrthakaroM kI pAdukAyeM hai / tathApi san 200 ke lagabhagavAlI muharapara 'bhaTTAraka mahArAjAdhirAja' kA ullekha hai| paTanAkA rAjA dhAtrIvAhana thA, jisakI kAmalatA nAmaka kanyA baDI vidyAsampanna thii| ye zivabhUpaNa nAmaka jainamunike upadezase jainI huye the / gauDa dezakA rAjA prajApati prArambhame vauddhadharmI thA; parantu jainasAdhu matisAgarakI vAdazaktipara mugdha hokara yaha rAjA aura prajA jainI huye the / tAmalaka nagara meM mahebha nAmaka jaina seTha bar3A prasiddha thA / vaha ce 1 - jaihi0, bhA0 19 pR0 485 / 2 - jaipra0 pR0 240 / 3 - vibhojaismA0 pR0 23-26 / 3 11

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162] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | siMhaladvIpase jahAjo dvArA vyApAra karatA thaa|' tAmUlaka jainoMkA siddhakSetra hai / ukta rAjA aura seTa sabhavata 7vI 8vIM zatAbdImeM huye hoge, kyoMki ina zatAbdiyoMme baGgAme digambara janoMkA adhika prAvalya thA, jaisA ki cIna yAtrI hugnatmAgaka kathaname pragaTa hai / 2 9vIM zatAbdise 12 vIM gatAnti taka baMgAlame pAlavaNake rAjAoMkA adhikAra rahA thA aura ye bauddhadharmAnuyAyI the| inake bAda 11 vIM zatAbdike lagabhaga senavaMgakA abhyudaya huA thaa| senavaMzakA samparka mUlameM jainadharmase pragaTa hotA hai, parantu mAlama nahIM ki baMgAlame senavaMzI rAjAoMne jainadharmako saMrakSaNa diyA thA yA nhiiN| isa prakAra isa kAlame yahApara rAjAzraya vihIna hokara jaina dharma apanA prAvalya kho calA aura musalamAnoMke AkramaNake sAtha vaha yahA naSTaprAyaH hogyaa| kiMtu vaMgAla, bihAra, oDIsA prAtoMse jainoMkA jo atyadhika purAtatva isa kAlakA milatA hai, usase isa samaya jainadharmakA janasAdhAraName bahu pracalita honA pramANita hai| rAjagrahIme eka jainaguphAparake lekhase pragaTa hai ki isI samayake lagabhaga parama tejasvI AcArya vairadevakI adhyakSatAme vahA eka janasaMgha shaa| rAjagirIse eka aisA sikkA bhI milA hai, jinapara guptakAlake akSaroMme : jinarakSitasya ' likhA hai, isame usa sikekA cAlaka rAjA jainadharmAnuyAyI pragaTa hotA hai| rAjagiri jainoMkA prAcIna tIrtha hai| mammedazikhara, campApura, pAvApura, kuMDalapura Adi jaina tIrtha 1-jaipra0 pR0 241-243 / 2-vIra varSa 3 pR0 371 / 3-vIra varSa 4 pR0 328-332 / 4-babimojasmA0 pR0 16 / -

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| bhI vaMgAla-vihArameM hai| mAnabhUma jileke sarAka loga Aja bhI vahAMpara phaile huye prAcIna jainadharmako pragaTa kara rahe haiN| ye prAcIna jaina zrAvaka haiM / siMhabhUma jilepara eka samaya jainokA adhikAra thaa| vahAM ina prAcIna zrAvakoMne jaMgaloMmeM ghusakara tAbekI kAne sodhI thIM aura apane dhArmika smAraka vahA banavAye the / vAmana ghATIse do tAmrapatra 1200 I0ke mile hai jinase pragaTa hai ki mayUrabhaMjake bhaMjavaMgake rAjAoMne bahutase grAma jinamaMdiroMko bheTa kiye the| isa vaMzake saMsthApaka vIrabhadra the, jo eka karoDa sAdhuoMke guru the| ye jaina the|' aise hI aura bhI aneka jaina lekha vikhare huye paDe hai| jo ho, baMgAlameM bhagavAna mahAvIrake samayase lekara 7 vIM zatAbdi I0 taka jainadharma saphalatApUrvaka phailA huA thaa| or3IsAmeM khAravelake vaMzajoke bAda AndhravaMzakA adhikAra hogayA thA aura ye prAyaH bauddhadharmAnuyAyI or3IsAke aMtima the / uparAMta yayAti kesarI dvArA sthApita rAjA va jaindhrm| kesarI vaMzane vahAM 12 vIM zatAbditaka rAjya kiyA thaa| unake samayame jainadharmakA punarutthAna huA mAlama hotA hai; kyoMki udyotakesarI rAjAke rAjyakAlake kaI jaina lekha mile hai, jinase vahAMpara jainAcAryoM dvArA dharma pracAra honekA bodha hotA hai| ina AcAryoMmeM zumacaMdra aura yazanaMdi ullekhanIya hai / jaba gaGgarAjAoMkA adhikAra oDIsApara huA to unhoMne caraNa-brAhmaNoMke kahanese jainiyoMko bahuta staayaa| isa atyAcArase jainoMkA astitva hI vahA muzkila hogayA / 1-pUrva0 pR0 65-66 / 2-pUrva pR0 92-104 / - -

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164] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / uttarIya aura pUrvIya bhAratake samAna hI dakSiNa bhArata aura rAjapUtAnAme bhI jainadharma apanA prabhAva jamAe rAjapUtAnAmeM tatkAlIna huye thaa| dakSiNa bhAratakA vizada varNana to jaindhrm| isa bhAgake tRtIya khaMDame kiyA jAyagA, / kintu rAjapUtAnAme jainadharmake prabhAvakA digdarzana yahAM karA denA anucita na hogaa| rAjapUtAnA jisako purAtana kAlame 'marubhUmi' kahate the, jainadharmake samparkame eka atIva prAcIna kAlase AgayA thaa| yadi hama itihAsAtIta kAlakI bAtako jAne deM aura kevala bhagavAn mahAvIrajIke samayase hI isa sambandhame vicAra kareM to pragaTa hotA hai ki jainadharmakA pracAra vahA bhagavAn mahAvIra dvArA huA thaa| unake bAda maurya samrATa caMdragupta aura saMprati Adike prazaMsanIya prayatnoMke phalasvarUpa jainadharmakA mastaka vahA bahuta UMcA rahA thaa| IsAkI prArambhika zatAbdiyose karIba2 terahavIM zatAbdi taka jainadharma rAjapUtAneme rAjAzrayame rahakara phalatAphUlatA rahA thaa| kinhIM vidvAnoMkA yaha khyAla hai ki rAjapUta logoMpara jainadharmakI ahiMsAtmaka zikSA kucha bhI prabhAva nahIM DAla sakI thii| kiMtu bAta vAstavame yoM nahIM hai| jainadharmakI ahiMsAtmaka zikSA kisI bhI prANIke laukika kAryoMme vAdhA pahuMcAnevAlI nahIM hai| baDe 2 jaina rAjAoM aura senApatiyoMne vaDha car3hakara laDAiyA laDI hai, yaha bAta pUrva pRSThoMke avalokanase spaSTa hai / usapara rAjaputroM (kSatriyoM) kA janma hI usa mahApuruSa dvArA huA hai, jisane jainadharmakI nIMva isa kAlame vakhI thii| bhagavAn RSabhadeva hI kSatriyoMke AdipuruSa hai| isa dazAmeM

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [465 'kSatriyoM dvArA usako sanmAna na milanA eka asaMbhava bAta hai| karnala - TaoNDa sA0ne jo rAjapUtoMkI utpatti AbU parvatapara amikuNDase . . huI likhI hai, usase bhI ina logoMkA jainadharmase bahu saMparka pramANita * hai| TaoNDa sA0 likhate haiM ki 'parAkramakArI jaina logoMkI car3hAIse . apane dharmakI rakSA karaneko brAhmaNoMne anikula utpanna kiyaa| parantu musalamAnoMkI car3hAIke samaya agnikulake adhikAMza loga jaina hogye|' agnikulake solaMkI, paramAra Adi rAjapUta vaMza isa musalamAnoMke AkramaNake pahalese hI jainadharmako Azraya derahe the, yaha likhA jAcukA 'hai / AbUpara jahAM agnikuNDa jalAkara agnivaMzakI sthApanA kI gaI thI, vahAM AdinAtha bhagavAnakI pASANa pUrti vedIpara virAjamAna hai|' , rAjapUtAnAmeM udayapurake rANAoMkA vaMza prasiddha hai| jaina dharmakI mAnyatA isa vaMzameM eka atIva prAcIna mevADake rANAvaMzameM kAlase pragaTa hotI hai| Aja bhI mevAr3a. jaindhrm| rAjavaMzameM jainadharmako vizeSa sammAna prApta hai| __isa vaMzakI utpatti usI vaMzase huI mAnI jAtI hai; jisameM prathama tIrthakara bhagavAna RSabhadevakA janma huA thaa|' rANAoMke AdipuruSa guhila nAmaka kSatrI I0 sa0 568meM huye the| karnala TaoNDa sA0 kahate hai ki gilhauta kulake AdipuruSa bhI jainadharmameM dIkSita the / isI kAraNa gilhautakulake rAjA loga apane pitRpuruSoM ke dharmapara anurAga karate rahe haiN| ataH prAraMbhase hI rAjAzraya pAkara / 1-TaoNDa, rAjasthAna (veGkaTezvara presa) mA0 1 pR0 52-57 / 2-rAI0, bhA0 1. pR0.369 / 3-DaoNrA0, bhA0 1 pR0,715||

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' 166] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / jainadharma mevADame khUba phalAphUlA hai| mevADakI prAcIna kIrtiyAM isa bAtakI sAkSI hai| citauDame jaina kIrtistaMbha eka apUrva jaina zilpa hai| usake nIce eka pApANa khaMDa parake saM0 952ke lekhase usa samaya vahApara bahutase digavara jainiyoMkA honA pragaTa hai| jaina kIrtistaMbhako digaMbara saMpradAyake bagheravAla mahAjana sA (sAha) nAmake putra jIjAne vi0 saM0kI 14 vIM zatAbdike uttarArddhame banavAyA thaa| isa staMbhake pAsa hI eka prAcIna jaina maMdira bhI maujUda hai| citauDameM gomukhake nikaTa mahArANA rAyamalake samayakA banA huA eka aura jainamaMdira hai, jisakI mUrti dakSiNase lAI gaI thii| udayapurame vizeSa mAnya aura prAcIna jaina sthAna kezariyAjI RSabhadevakA hai| yahAkI mUrti atyanta prAcIna hai| digaMbara jainAcArya zrI dharmacandrajIkA sammAna aura vinaya mahArANA hammIra kiyA karate the| saM0 1295me rAmapAladevakA rAjya thA, taba gohilavaMzIya uddharaNake putra rAjadevane, jo rAmapAlake AdhIna thA, karakA bIsavAM bhAga nAdalAIke jainamaMdirako pUjAke vAste diyA thaa| (maprAjaismA0 pR0 147) nAdAlake padmaprabhake maMdirame saM0 1215 ke lekhase pragaTa hai ki rANA jagatasihake maMtrI jayamallane vaha maMdira banavAyA thaa| vi0 saM0 1335 (1271 I0)me rAvala samarasiMhakI mAtA jayataladevIne citaur3ame zyAma pArzvanAthakA maMdira banavAyA 1-maprAjaismA0, pR0 134 / 2-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 352354 / 3-rAI0, bhA0 1 pR0346 / 4-'zrI dharmacandro'jani tasya' paTTe hamIrabhUpAlasamacanIyaH / / jaihi0, bhA0 6 aMka 7-8 pR0 26 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [167 thaa| inake uparAnta mahArANA bhImasiha, kumbha ityAdine jainadharmake liye jo kiyA, vaha hama tIsare bhAgame dekheNge| rAjapUtAnAmeM udayapurake bAda mAravADakI vizeSa pramiddhi hai| rAjapUtAnAvAsI vaizya ' mAravAr3I ' nAmase. mAravAr3I jaindhrm| sarvatra prakhyAt hai / san 1226ke lagabhaga mAravADameM rAThaura kSatriyoM kA adhikAra hogayA thA / rAThaura athavA rASTrakUTa vaMzake pUrvajoMmeM jainadharmakI maryAdA vizeSa rahI thii| mAravAr3ake rAThaurAmeM cakrezvarI devIkI vizepa mAnyatA hai; jo tIyaGkarakI gAsana devatA hai| mAravAr3a rAThaura vaMzake cauthe rAjA rAva rAyapAlajIke teraha putra the, jinameM jyeSTha putra kanakapAla vi0saM0 1301 me rAjyAdhikArI huye the| zepa putrome eka mohanajI nAmaka bhI the| mohanajIne apanA dUsarA vivAha eka zrIzrImAla kanyAse kiyA thA, jisase unake saptasena nAmaka putra huA thA / saptasenane jainadharma svIkAra kara liyA thA aura vaha osavAla jainiyoMme sammilita hogayA thaa| usakI saMtAna Ajakala ke muhaNota osavAla hai| mAravAr3ake rAjyazAsanameM unakA hAtha rahA hai| unameM maMtrI aura senApati kaI huye hai| muhaNotoMke atirikta jodhapura rAjameM bhaMDArI osavAlokA bhI hastakSepa rahA hai| bhaMDArI osavAla apanI utpatti ajamerake cauhAna dharAnese batAte hai / inake pitAmaha rAva lakSamaNa (lakhamasI)ne ajamerake gharAnese alaga ho nADaulameM apanA eka prathaka 1-rAI0, bhA0 1 pR0 381 / 2-bhAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 118-125 / 3-saDijai0, pR0 33-34 va bhAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 127

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168] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjakula sthApita kiyA thaa| lakhamasI eka mahApurupa aura vIra dezabhakta thA / usane anhilavADase kara va cittauDake rAjAme khirAja vasUla kiyA thaa| nADaulakA kilA usIne banavAyA thaa| usake 24 putra the, jiname eka dAdarAva the| bhaNDArI kulake janmadAtA yahI the / san 992 I0 me zrI yazobhadra sUrIke upadezase unhoMne jainadharma grahaNa kiyA thA / dAdarAva rAjabhaMDArake adhikArI the| isI kAraNa unakA vaMza bhaNDArI' nAmase paricita huA hai / jodhapurame jabase yaha loga Aye tabase inakI mAnyatA rAjadarame khUba hai aura ye baDe 2 padoMpara rahe hai / nADaulake cauhAna rAjAoMkI bhI unhoMne khUba sevA kI thii| vi0 saM 1241 me bhaNDArI yazovIra palla grAmake adhikArI banA diye gaye the| unhoMne mahArAja samarasiMhadevakI AjJAnusAra eka jaina maMdirakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA thaa| bhaMDArI migala isI rAjAoMke maMtriyoMmese eka the| nADaulake kaI eka rAjAoM aura rAniyoMne jaina maMdiroMke liye dAna diye the / unake puNyamaI kAryoMse yaha bAta bilkula spaSTa hai ki mAravADake rAjavaMzapara jainadharmakA khUba prabhAva thaa| cauhAna rAjakalame prakhyAt rAjA alhaNadeva the| unhoMne sana 1162 meM nADolake zrI mahAvIrajIke jaina nADaulake cauhAna maMdirake liye dAna kiyA thaa| alhaNake aura jaina dhrm| pitA azvarAja the aura usane vi0 saM0 1209 se 1218 taka cAlukya nRpa kumArapAla jainake sAmantarUpame rAjya kiyA thaa| jainadharmako usane khaba 1-saDija0, pR0 35-37 / 2-DijaitrA0, bhA0 1 pR0 43 /

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. uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [169 : apanAyA thA, usane eka AjJApatra nikAlakara mahIneke kaI dinoMmeM - hisAkA niSedha kara diyA thaa| dAdarAvako jainadharmamukta banAnevAle = -yazobhadrasUrike uttarAdhikArI sAlisari the aura vaha cauhAnavaMzake bhUpaNa kahe gaye haiN| isase unakA cauhAna rAjakumAra honA pragaTa hai| isa ullekhase spaSTa hai ki jainadharmane cauhAna rAjakulameM kitanA gahana aura ghaniSTa sambandha pAliyA thaa| uparokta alhaNadevake tIna putra (1) kelhANa, (2) gajasiMha aura (3) kIrtipAla the| kIrtipAlakA putra abhayapAla thaa| isane aura isake bhAI lakhanapAlane apanI mAtA mahivaladevIke sAtha vi0 saM0 1233 me jaina maMdirako isalie dAna diyA thA ki usase zAntinAtha tIrthaMkarakA utsava manAyA jAyA kre| rAjapUtAnAmeM rAThaura kSatriyoMkA rAjya pahalese honeke cihna milate hai / hastikuMDI (hayDI) se eka lekha hastikuMDIke rAThaur3oMmeM san 997 I0kA milA hai, usase vahApara jaindhrm| rAThauDoMkA rAjya honA pramANita hai / hay DIke rAThaurokI vaMzAvalI harivarmA nAmaka rAjAse prArambha kI gaI hai / isakA putra vidagdharAja thA, jo isake vAda san 1.16 I0 me rAjyAdhikArI huA thA / vidagdharAja jaina dharmAnuyAyI thaa| usane RSabhadevajIkA eka bhavya maMdira banavAyA thA aura valabhadra munikI kRpAse usake lie bhUmidAna kiyA thaa| vidagdhakA putra mammaTa thaa| usane ukta dAnako bar3hA diyA thaa| vaha 1-saDine0, pR035 va 36 / 2-DijaibA0, mA0 1 pR0 12 // 3-bhAprArA0, bhA0 3 pR0 91-92 /

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- - - 170] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / san 939 I0 me zAsana karatA thaa| usakA putra dhavala eka parAkramI rAjA thaa| apane bAvA aura pitAke samAna vaha bhI jaina dharmAnuyAyI thA / mevADapara jaba mAlavAke rAjA muJjane hamalA kiyA thA, taba vaha usase laDA thA / sAbhArake cauhAna rAjA durlabharAjase nADaulake cauhAna rAjA mahendrakI rakSA kI thI / aura anahilavADAke solaMkI rAjA mUlarAja dvArA naSTa hote huye dharaNIvAhako Azraya diyA thaa| vRddhAvasthAke kAraNa dhavalane san 997 ke lagabhaga rAjyabhAra apane putra vAlaprasAdako sauMpa diyA thaa| dhavalake rAjyakAlame zAtibhaTTane zrI RSabhadevajIke vimbakI pratiSThA kI thI aura use vidaggharAja dvArA vanavAye gaye maMdirame sthApita kI thii| dhavalane isa maMdirakA jIrNoddhAra kraayaa| isake bAda isa jainadharma prabhAvaka vaMzakA kucha hAla nahIM miltaa| hastikuMDiyA gacchake muniyoMko inane Azraya diyA thaa| rAjapUtAnAme maNDorake pratihAra vaMzameM bhI jaina dharma Adara pAcukA hai / isa rAjavaMzakI utpattike viSamaMDorake pratihAroM dvArA yame kahA jAtA hai ki harizcandra nAmaka eka jainadharmakA utkarSa / vidvAn vipra thA aura prArambhame vaha kisI rAjAkA pratihAra thA / usakI kSatriyavaMzakI rAnI bhadrAse cAra-putra-(1) bhogamaTa, (2) kakka, (3) rajjila aura (4) dadda hue| unhone mADavyapura (maNDora ) ke durgapara kabjA karake eka UMcA koTa banavAyA thaa| isa vaMzakA sarva aMtima rAjA * kakkuka var3A prasiddha thA / usake do lekha ghaTiyAlese vi0 saM0 1-maprAjaismA0, pR0 162 / 2-rAi0, mA0 1 pR0 148-149 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [171 918 ke mile hai, jiname pragaTa hotA hai ki 'usane apane saJcAritrase maru, mADa, valla, tamaNI, ajja (Arya ) evaM gujaratrAke logokA anurAga prApta kiyA, vaDaNANaya maNDalame pahADaparakI palliyoM (pAloM, bhIloke gAvo) ko jalAyA, rohitsakUpa (ghaTiyAle) ke nikaTa gAvameM haTTa (hATa) banavAkara mahAjanoko vasavAyA, aura maDDoara ( maMDora ) tathA rohinsakUpa gAvome jayastabha sthApita kiye / kakkuka nyAyI prajApAlaka evaM vidvAna thA / aura saMskRtameM kAvya racanA karatA thaa| usake lekhake prArambhame zrI jinanAtha ( jinendradeva ) ko namaskAra kiyA gayA hai aura usame eka jaina maMdira banavAnekA ullekha hai / isa kAraNa isa rAjAkA jaina dharmAnuyAyI honA pragaTa hai| saM0 1200 ke lagabhaga nADaulake cauhAna rAjAoMne maMDorapara adhikAra jamA liyA thaa| mAlaveke paramAra rAjA vAkpatirAjake dUsare putra Dambarasihake vaMzame vAgar3ake paramAra hai| unake adhikAvAgar3a prAMtameM jainadharma / rame vAMsavADA aura DUMgarapurake rAjya the| unakI rAjadhAnI utthUNaka nagara (athUrNA ) thaa| yahAMke saMvata 1166 ke eka jaina zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki vAgar3a prAtameM bhI jainadharma acchI unnata dazApara thA / saM0 1166 meM paramAra vaMzI vijayarAjakA rAjya thaa| nAgaravaMzI bhUSaNa nAmaka jaina 1-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0 151-152 / 2-OM saggApavaggamaggaM padama sayalANa kAraNa deva / NIsesa durimadalaNaM paramaguru Namaha jiNaNAhaM |'-prAcIna lipimAlA, pR0 65 / 3-bhAprArA0, bhA0 1 pR0 174 /

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172] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / zreSTI vahA rahate the| unhoMne zrI vRSabhadevakA eka sundara maMdira vanavAyA thA aura bhagavAnakI darzanIya pratimA pratiSThA karAkara vigajamAna karAI thii| mAthurAnvayI zrI chatrasenAcAryane usakI pratiSThA karAI thii| yaha nAgara jainI talapATakapattanake nivAsI the| inake pUrvajoMme 'aMbara' nAmaka vyakti eka prasiddha vaidya the| jaina vAsanAse vaha itane anuvAsita the ki unakI raga 2 me jainadharma vyApta thaa| vaha dezavratI the aura cakrezvarI devI unakI sevA karatI thii| jharolI (sirohI) ke zrI gAtinAtha maMdirake zilAlekhase pragaTa hai ki paramAra rAjA dhArAvarSakI rAnI zRgAradevIne saM0 1255 me ukta maMdirako bhUmidAna kiyA thA / ( maprAjaismA0 pR0 169) rAjapUtAneme cauhAna rAjAoMne pAMcavIM zatAbdike lagabhaga ajamerako basAkara use apanI rAjadhAnI ajamerake cauhAna banAyA thaa| ajamerake cauhAnoMme jainadharmakA rAjA va jaindhrm| Adara rahA thaa| isa vaMzake cauthe rAjA jaya rAjakA ullekha jaina graMtha 'caturvizatipravandha' me hai / isa vaMzake rAjAoMkA ullekha vIjolyA ( mevAr3a) ke jaina zilAlekhame khUba diyA huA hai / vIjolyAkA paMcAyatana pArzvanAtha maMdira eka atizaya kSetra hai| vahA maMdirake vAhara bhaTTArakoMkI niSadhikAyeM bhI hai| jinase patA calatA hai ki eka samaya yaha sthAna jainoMkA mukhya kendra thaa| pahale digamvara saMpradAyake poravAr3a mahAjana lolAkane yahAM pArzvanAthajIkA tathA sAta anya maMdira vanavAye 1-jaihi0, bhA0 13 pR0 332 / 2-bhAprArA0 bhA0 1 pR0 225-229 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [173 'the| unake TUTa jAnepara ye pAMca maMdira banavAye gaye hai| do caTTAnopara lekha khude hue hai| unameM se eka vi0 saM0 1226 phAlguNa vadI 3 kA cauhAna rAjA somezvarake samayakA lolAkakA khudavAyA huA ' hai, jisameM lolAka evaM unake pUrvajoMke dharma-kAryokA khUba varNana hai| ajamerake cauhAna rAjA pRthvIrAna (dUsare) ne morAkurI gAMva aura 'cauhAna nRpa somezvarane revaNA gAMva zrI pArzvanAthajIke ukta maMdirako bheTa kiye the| dUsare caTTAnapara 'unnata zikhara purANa' khudA huA hai| ina ullekhoMme ajamerake cauhAna rAjAoMkA jainadharmake prati anurAga pragaTa hai|" pandrahavIM zatAbdI taka rAjapUtAnAke samAna sidha aura pakSA vameM bhI jainoMkA ullekhanIya astitva thA / siMdhu aura paMjAvameM madhyakAlake bane huye jaina maMdira Adi isa jaindhrm| vAtake sAkSI hai| san 1240 I0meM brahmakSatra gotrake alhaNa aura dolhaNane paJjAbameM kAMgaDA jileke kIra grAmameM eka mahAvIra svAmIkA maMdira banavAyA thaa| takSazilAke pAsavAle jaina atizaya kSetrapara bhI isa samayakA jaina zilpa milatA hai| saM0 1484me jayasAgara upAdhyAya dvArA racita 'vijJaptitriveNiH' nAmaka pustakase prakaTa hai ki unake pahalese 'siMdha aura paJjAbameM jainoMkI ghanI vastI thii| marukoTTa, naMdanavana aura koTilagrAma Adi prasiddha jainatIrtha the / 'sarvasAdhAraNa janatAkoM aura rAnAdikoMko bhI usa samaya jainadharmase bahuta kucha sahAnubhUti thii|' 1-rAi0, bhA0 1 pR0363 / 2-DijaibA0, mA0 1 pR042 3-ejAI notts|

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174] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / tava panAvame nagarakoTa, jo Anakala koTa kAgaTA nAmame prasiddha hai, eka mugvya jainatIrtha thaa| zvetAvara jainAMke bhI vahA cAra maMdira the| vahAkA ganA jainadharmama sahAnubhUti rakhatA thA / usake dIvAna di0 jaina dharmAnuyAyI the| isa kAlame jainadharmakI unnati karaneke liye jainAcAryoko acchA mubhItA rahA thaa| jahA ATavI tatkAlIna digambara zatAbdike lagabhaga gadarAcAryakI digvinayake jaina sNgh| samakSa ekavAra jainadharmako bhArI dhakkA pahuMcA thA. vahA upagata kAlame rAjAzraya pAkara vaha phira phalane-phUlane lagA / hama pahale dekha Aye he ki digaMbara jainAcAryokA kendra bhaddalapura (dakSiNa) me haTakara ujjaina AgayA thaa| paTTAvaliyoMse pragaTa hai ki san 1058 I0 taka ujaina hI jainAcAryoMkA mukhya sthAna rahA thA / uparAnta vArAnagara unakI karmasthalI rahI thii| saM0 1268 me vahAse haTakara vaha kendrasthala gvAli. yarame jA pahuMcA thaa| ajamera aura cittauDa bhI ina digambara jainAcAryoke lIlArathala rahe the| isa prakAra isa kAlame digaMbara jaina saMghakA Agamana dakSiNakI orase uttarakI ora huA thA / dakSiNa bhAratIya jainoMkI mAnyatA hai ki eka lakSmIsena nAmaka jainAcArya bar3e bhArI vidvAn prasiddha the| unhoMne jainoMke cAra vidyApITha sthApita kiye the, jiname tIna dakSiNabhAratame aura eka dillIme thA. isase 1 hi0, bhA0 13 pR081| 2-Iai0 bhA0 20 pR0 351 --355 va jaihi0, bhA0 6-7-8 pR0 32 / 3-jaiga0, bhA0 22 pR0 37 / -

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [175 bhI paTTAvaliyoMke ukta kathanakA samarthana hotA hai| zvetAmbara jainoMkA lIlAsthala mukhyataH gujarAta hI rahA hai ! jisa samaya gvAliyarameM digambara jaina paTTa thA, usa samaya saM0 1296 me ratnakIrti nAmaka eka prasiddha jainAcArya the / 'yaha syAdvAdavidyAke samudra the, vAlabrahma. cArI the, tapasI the, dayAlu the. unake zipya nAnA dezomeM phaile hue the|' usa samayake digaMbara jaina saMghame ujjainakA saMgha prakhyAta thaa| usa saMghameM taba nimnalikhita AcArya huye ujjaina va vArAkA sNgh| the|-(1) anaMtakIrti san 708 I0, (2) dharmanandi san 728 I0, (3) vidyAnandi san 751 I0, (4) rAmacandra 783 I0, (5) rAmakIrti 790 I0, (6) abhayacaMdra 821 I0, (7) naracandra 840 I0, (8) nAgacaMdra 850 I0, (9) harinandi 882 I0, (10) haricaMdra 891 I0, (11) mahIcandra 917 I0, (12) mAdhacandra 933 I0, (13) lakSmIcaMdra 966 I0, (14) guNakIrti 970 I0, (15) guNacandra 991 I0, (16) lokacaMdra 2009 I0, (17) zrutakIrti 1022 I0, (18) bhAvacandra 1037 I0, (19) mahIcandra 1058 I0 / ujjainake uparAnta digambara guniyoMkA kendra vindhyAcala parvatake nikaTa sthita vArAnagara nAmaka sthAna huA thaa| vArA prAcInakAlase hI jainadharmakA kilA thaa| AThavIM yA navIM zatAbdime vahAM zrI padmanaMdi munine 'jambUdvIpaprajApti kI racanA kI thii| isa granthakI 1-jaihi0, bhA06 aka 7-8 10 26 / 2-jaihi0, bhA06 aGka 5-8 pR0 30-31 / - -

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176] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa | pragastime likhA hai ki "vArA nagarame gAti nAmaka rAjAkA rAjya thaa| yaha nagara dhanadhAnyase pUrNa thaa| samyagdRSTi-janoMse, muniyoMke samUhase aura jainamaMdiroMse bhUpita thA / rAjA zAnti jinagAsanavatsala, vIra aura narapati saMpUjita thaa| zrI padmanaMdijIne apane guru Adi rUpame ina digambara muniyokA ullekha kiyA hai; vIranaMdi, balanaMdi, Rpi vijayaguru, mAghanaMdi. sakalacaMdra aura zrInaMdi / ' vArAnagarake saMghame uparAnta nimnAGkita AcAryokA astitva milatA hai| (1) mAghacandra san 1083 I0. (2) bamnaMdi 1087 I0, (3) zivanaMdi 1091 I0. (1) vizvacandra 1098 I0. (5) harinandi (siMhanaMdi) 1090. I0. (6) bhAvanaMdi 1103 I0 (7) devanaMdi 1110 I0, (8) vidyAcandra 1113 I0. (9) sUracandra 1119 I0, (10) mAghanaMdi 1127 I0, (11) jJAnanaMdi 1131 I0 (12) gaMgakIrti 1142 / gaMgakIrtike pazcAt vArAnagarake sthAnapara saMghakA kendra bAliyara hogayA thaa| bArahavIM zatAbdike aMtataka vahA jainadharmakA khUba utkarSa huaa| kitu san 1207 me bhaTTAraka vasantakIrtine ajamerako apanA kendra bnaayaa| ukta digaMbara jainAcArya dezabharame sarvatra vihAra karake dharmodyota __ karate the| paravAdiyoMse vAda karanemeM unheM prasiddha digNvraacaary| Ananda AtA thaa| vi0 saM0 1025 me alla nAmaka rAjAkI sabhAme digambarAcA1-jaisAsa0, mA0 1 aGka 4 pR0 160 / 2-jaihi0, bhA06 aMka 7-8 pR0 31 va iMai0 20-354 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jaindhrm| [177 ryakA vAda eka zvetAMvara AcAryase huA thaa| terahavIM zatAbdime anantavIrya nAmaka eka digaMbarAcArya prasiddha naiyAyika aura vAdI the| unhoMne agaNita vAdiyoMko gatamada kiyA thaa| isI samayake lagabhaga guNakIrti nAmaka mahAmuni vigada dharma-pracAraka the| unhIMke upadezase padmanAma nAmaka kAyastha kavine 'yazodharacaritra' kI racanA kI thii| jhAMsI jilekA devagar3ha nAmaka sthAna bhI madhyakAlameM digaMbara muniyoMkA kendra thaa| vahAM bhI kaI digaMbaracArya huye the, jinake ziSyoMne aneka dharmakArya kiye the| vi0 saM0 1223 me muni devanaMdike zipya muni rAmacandrajI rAjyamAnya the| san 1295 meM AcArya mahAsena dakSiNabhAratase dillI Aye the aura unhoMne bAdazAha alAuddInake darabArameM brAhmaNa paMDitoMse vAda karake jainadharmakI apUrva prabhAvanA kI thii| IsavI prathama zatAbdike prArambhameM zvetAmbara saMpradAyake alaga hojAnese yadyapi nirgrantha vItarAgavRtti para muni dhrm| saMkaTake bAdala jarA halake par3a gaye the; kintu zvetAmbara jainoMkI abhivRddhike sAtha vaha phirase jora pakar3a gaye the| digambara jaina saMghameM bhI nirgranthavRttimeM apavAda prAraMbha ho gayA; kintu bhagavat kundakunda, jinasena, amitagati ityAdi jainAcAryoMke samakSa vaha adhika prabhAvazAlI nahIM ho sakA; yadyapi kAla mahArAjakI kRpAse usane jar3a avazya pakaDa lii| aura usake phalarUpa drAvir3a saMgha, kASThAsaMgha AdikA prAdurbhAva 1-eDinevA0, pR0 45||2-puurv0, pR0 86 / 3-digambaratva aura di0 muni pR0 151 / 4-jaimi0, bhA0 14 aMka 8 pR0 7 / 5-dAnavIra mANikacandra pR0 35 / -

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178] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / huA thaa| tathApi antame nimranthavRttikA patana huA aura digambara saMghameM bhI vastradhArI bhaTTArakoM (muniyoM) kI utpatti aura unakI mAnyatA hone lagI thii| zrI guNabhadrAcAryajI (8 vIM za0) ke samayame hI digambara muniyoMme zithilatA ghara kara cukI thI; aisA unakI uktiyoMse mAlama hotA hai| aura paM0 AgAdharajIke samaya meM digambaravRtti kevala juganUke samAna camakatI raha gaI thI / ataeva yaha kAla digambara jaina saMghame eka bar3I ulaTaphera athavA krAtikA samaya thaa| aura isa kAtike pariNAmarUpa prAcIna saralavRttiko bahuta kucha dhakkA pahuMcA thaa|' saM0 753 me muni kumArasena dvArA kASThasaMghakI utpatti mathurAme huI thii| mathurA aba bhI digambara jainoMkA kendra thaa| IsavI terahavIM zatAbdi taka paurANika hindudharmake sAtha zaiva, lihAyata, rAmAnuja paMtha, Adike bhaktivAda gRhastha dhrm| evaM kriyAkANDane bhAratame khAsA prabhAva jamA liyA thaa| dakSiNa bhAratame usakI tUtI bolane lagI thii| prAkRta jainadharma para bhI isa nUtana dhArmika vRttikA bahuta kucha asara par3A thaa| jahAM eka samaya jaina dharmakI ahiMsA vRttine hindUdharma para apanI gaharI chApa lagAI thI, vahAM isa kAlame hindUdharmake bhaktivAda aura karmakANDane jainadharmake svarUpako vikRta banA diyaa| jainadharmame jAtibheda yadyapi prAkRta rUpame svIkRta thA, parantu vaha pArasparika ghRNA aura dveSakA kAraNa nahIM thaa| usame jAti aura kulakA moha mithyAtva mAnA jAtA thaa| kintu brAhmaNoMke saMsargase jainadharmAnuyAyiyoMme bhI jAtIya-prabhedakA bhUta sirapara 1-mamI0, pR0 1-18 / 2-razrA0, pR0 26 /

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- uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA va jainadharma [179 car3ha baiThA aura tabase vaha barAbara use acchA nAca nacA rahA hai| pahale jaina dharmameM amipUjA, zrAddha tarpaNa. yajJopavIta Adiko bhI sthAna prApta nahIM thA; kintu isa kAlameM inakA praveza bhI usameM ho gyaa| jahAM 'padmapurANa' jaise prAcIna graMthameM brAhmaNoMkA "sUtrakaNTha" kaha kara upahAsa uDAyA hai vahA uparAntake graMthoM meM yajJopavIta dhAraNa karanA zrAvakoMkA kartavya batalAyA gayA hai| kintu pazcima bhAratameM rahaneke kAraNa zvetAmbara jainadharma para ina bAtoMkA kama asara par3A mAlama par3atA hai| unameM yajJopavIta pRthA pracalita nahIM hai aura na unameM jAtipAtike bhedakI kaharatA maujUda hai| abhI hAlameM eka jarmana mahilAko zuddha karake zvetAmbara samAjame sammilita kiyA jA cukA hai| ajainoMko jainadharmame dIkSita karanekA prayAsa isa kAlameM khUba cAlU rahA thaa| zaGkarAcAryake bAda jainadharmoajainoMkI zuddhi / natike samaya jainAcAryoMko apane ziSya bar3hAnekI dhuna savAra thii| digambara jainAcArya zrI mAghanandijIkI to yaha pratijJAthI ki vaha jaba taka pratidina pAMca ajainoMko zrAvakadharmameM dIkSita nahIM karate the, taba taka AhAra nahIM karate the| 'mahAjanavaMzamuktAvalI se pragaTa hai ki "saM0 1176 meM bhI jinavallabhasUrine par3ihAra jAtike rAjapUta rAjAko jainI banAkara mahAjana (vaizya) vaMzameM zAmila kiyA thaa| usakA dIvAna jo kAyastha thA vaha bhI jainI hokara mahAjana huAthA |khiicii rAjapUta jo dhAr3A mArate the, jainI huye the| zrI jinabhadrasUrine rAThoravaMzI rAjapUtoMko jainI banAyA thaa| saM0 1167 meM unhoMne paramAravaMzI

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180] saMkSipta jaina itihAsa / rAjapUtoMko jainI banA liyA thaa| saM0 1116 me jinadattamUrine eka yaduvaMzI rAjAko jainadharmame dIkSita kiyA thA, jo mAsa-madirA makSaka thA / maM0 1168 me solaMkI rAjapUta bhI jainadharmako grahaNa kara cuke the| saM0 1198 me jainAcAryane bhATI rAjapUta rAjAko bhI jainI kiyA thaa| saM0 1181 me cauhAnoMkI 24 jAtiyAM jainI huI thiiN| dIvAna rAThI mahezvarI bhI jainI huye the| zrI nemicaMdrasUrine sa0 1187 me kitane hI rAjapUtoMko jainI kiyA thaa| saM0 1197me sonIgarA jAtake rAjapUta rAjAko jainadharmAnuyAyI banAyA thaa|" nAgara vaizya bhI pahale jainadharmame dIkSita kiye jA cuke hai| paravAra jainI bhI isI samayake lagabhaga jainadharmameM dIkSita kiye gaye the| aise hI anya bahutase logoMko jainAcAyoMne jainadharmakI zaraName lA baiThAyA thaa| zrI jinasenAcAryane apane 'AdipurANa'me spaSTa likhA hai ki pratyeka mumukSuko jainadharmakI dIkSA denA cAhiye aura usako AjIvikAke anusAra usakA varNa sthApita karake prAcIna jainoMko usake sAtha roTI-beTIvyavahAra karanA caahiye| roTI-beTIkA vyavahAra isa kAlame ucca varNoM taka hI sImita nahIM thA, balki zUdroMkI kanyAyeM grahaNa karalI jAtI thii| hA~ pratilobha vivAhakA rivAja banda sA ho gayA thaa| svayaMvara prathAkA bAhulyatAse pracAra thaa| khAna-pAnake liye bhojya zUdroM takake yahAkA zuddha nirAmiSa bhojana grahaNa karanA anucita nahIM samajhA jAtA thaa| 1-AdipurANa parva 39 zlo0 61-71 / 2-mAdipurANa parva 42 / 3-prAyazcita samuccaya pR0 212 /

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uttarI bhAratake anya rAjA vjaindhrm| [181 yahI kAraNa hai ki jainAcArya jhaTa ajainoMko zuddha karake arthAt jainadharmameM dIkSita karake unake yahAM AhAra jainadharmakI vyavahArika grahaNa kara lete the| jainadharmakI vyavahArika upyogitaa| upayogitA bhI usa samaya naSTa nahIM huI thii| rAjapUta kSatrI bhI use dhAraNa karate huye apane jAtIya kartavya asi dharmameM kucha bhI bAdhA AtI nahIM pAte the| saca. muca jainadharma rAjanItimeM bAdhaka hai bhI nhiiN| AtmarakSA athavA dharma saMrakSaNake liye zAstravidyAkA sIkhanA usa samaya vaizyoMke liye bhI Avazyaka thaa| isa prakAra sAdhAraNataH usa samayake jainadharmakA svarUpa thaa|