Nemi Nirvanam Ek Adhyayan

Author(s): Aniruddhakumar Sharma
Publisher: Sanmati Prakashan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/022661/1

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zrI madvAgbhaTa viracitaM neminirvA eka adhyayana DaoN.- aniruddha kumAra zarmA 20

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zrI aniruddha kumAra zarmA dvArA meraTha vizvavidyAlaya kI pI eca DI. upAdhi hetu prastuta "zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana'' nAmaka zodha prabandha kA samyak parIkSaNa kiyA hai aura maiM isa niSkarSa para pahu~cA hU~ ki zodha prabandha ke lekhaka aniruddha kumAra zarmA ne zodha ke lie nirdhArita mApadaNDoM ko dhyAna meM rakhate haye zodha sAmagrI kA uttama rIti se saMyojana kiyA hai| isameM zodha ke lie Avazyaka prAcIna srotoM evaM navInatama zodha khoja kA samAveza hai| zodha ke kSetra meM lekhaka kA yaha maulika avadAna hai| isameM jina tathyoM kI zodha khoja kI gaI hai usase saMskRta caritakAvya sAhitya ke anusandhAna ko eka naI dizA milatI hai tathA vidvAna lekhaka kI tulanAtmaka evaM samIkSAtmaka dRSTi kA patA calatA hai| bhASA prAJjala aura prabhAvazAlI hai| zodha-prabandha prakAzana ke yogya hai| DaoN0 kamaleza kumAra jaina jaina darzana vibhAgAdhyakSa saMskRta vidyA evaM dharmavijJAna saMkAya kA0hi0vi0vi0, vArANasI zrI aniruddha kumAra zarmA dvArA prastuta saMskRta zodha prabandha kA mUlyAMkana kI dRSTi se AdyopAnta adhyayana kiyA gyaa| zodhArthI kA parizrama aura prayAsa sarAhanIya hai| jaina sAhitya aura saMskRti ke agAdha sAgara ke isa ratna ko jana sAmAnya ke lie sulabha banAkara na kevala jaina dharma kI balki saMskRta sAhitya kI bhI zrI vRddhi kI hai| _ pUrA zodha prabandha gahana aura sUkSma adhyayana kA suphala hai| anusandhAtA kA bhASA evaM viSaya para adhikAra haiM naye tathyoM ko udghATana aura vizleSaNa kI kSamatA hai| prabandha kI bhASA meM gati aura pravAha ke sAtha rocakatA bhI hai| tathyoM ke pratipAdana kI zailI meM pUrNatA, spaSTatA, tathA maulikatA hai isalie prabandha prakAzana ke yogya bhI hai| prastuta zodha kArya jaina dharma aura saMskRta sAhitya ke lie eka naI dena hai| sanAtana dharma evaM jaina dharma kI pArasparika ekatA ke adhyayana ke lie dizA nirdeza hai| zodhArthI kA yaha sarvathA maulika kArya jaina sAhitya ke jJAna kA eka pramukha sAdhana DaoN0 zrI nivAsa mizra rIDara evaM adhyakSa saMskRta-vibhAga dharma samAja kAleja alIgar3ha

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"zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM" neminirvANam : eka adhyayana SHRIMAD VAGBHATA VIRACHITAM NEMINIRVANAM EK ADHYAYAN (meraTha vizva vidyAlaya meraTha kI pI0 eca0 DI0 upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha prabandha) lekhaka DA0 aniruddha kumAra zarmA (Dr. A.K. Sharma) (saMskRta vibhAga) kendrIya vidyAlaya naM0 -1 dillI chAvanI - 10 prakAzaka sanmati prakAzana mujaphphara nagara (u0pra0)

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saMskaraNa pratiyA~ svAmya : : prathama 1968 I0 500 DA0 aniruddha kumAra zarmA ru0350/zrI gaNeza prasAda * lekhakAdhIna mUlya AvaraNa -zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM-neminirvANam" eka adhyayana Shrimad Vagbhata Virachitam Nemi Nirvanam Ek Adhyayan lekhaka : DA0 aniruddha kumAra zarmA (Dr.A.K.Sharma) . prApti sthAna : 1. zrImatI sumana zarmA W/O (DA0 e0 ke0 zarmA, kendrIya vidyAlaya na0 1, dillI kainTa-10) dU0 na0 3266548 2. sanmati prakAzana 261/3, paTela nagara, mujaphphara nagara, (u0 pra0) dU0 na0 0131-403730 Printed by : Darpan Printers & Publishers 921, Jatwara Tiraha Behram Khan, Darya Gani, New Delhi-110 002 Ph.: 3270902 Laser Type Setting and Composed at :Fast Computers Services, F-25, West Sagar Pur, New Delhi-110046

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"pUjanIyA mAtA zrImatI tArAvatI va pUjanIya pitA zrI bAlaka rAma zarmA" bur3hAnA, (mujaphphara nagara) ke zrI caraNoM meM

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"prakAzana ke avasara para" prastuta grantha meraTha vizvavidyAlaya meraTha dvArA san 1991 I0 kI pI0eca0DI0 upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha prabandha kA avikala mudraNa hai| vigata kaI varSoM se prakAzana ke lie vicAra karate hue, bhagavat-kRpA se isa varSa prakAzita isa zodha-prabandha ko grantharUpa meM dekhakara mujhe cirAnanda kI prApti ho rahI hai| mere sudhI mitra evaM AtmIyajana jisake prakAzana ke lie samaya-samaya para prerita karate rahe haiN| maiM zrI DA0 vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya jI (pUrva adhyakSa saMskRta evaM pAli vibhAga kAzI vi0vi0 vArANasI) kA vinamra AbhArI hU~ jinhoMne saMkSipta prAkkathana likhakara mujha para anukampA kI hai| apane guruoM ke prati tathA vizeSa rUpa se DA0 jayakumAra jaina jI ke prati hRdaya se AbhArI hU~ jo mujhe isa grantha ke prakAzana meM prerita evaM protsAhita karate rahe haiN| phalataH maiM Aja isa zodha-prabandha ko grantharUpa meM sahRdaya-janoM ke hAthoM samarpita kara rahA huuN| mujhe AzA evaM vizvAsa hai ki grantha kI truTiyoM se avagata karAne kI kRpA kreNge| isa avasara para apane mAtA-pitA ke AzIrvAda tathA AtmIyajanoM kI zubhAkAMkSA kI apekSA karatA huA, apanI ardhAGginI zrImatI sumana dIkSita, donoM baccoM (taraNI, himAnI) ko dhanyavAda denA cAhatA hU~ jinhoMne mujhe isa kArya ko pUrNa karane meM sahayoga diyA hai| isake atirikta kampayUTara kampojara zrI surendra gaur3a evaM zrI manamohana jI, zrI zivadatta jI kA AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~ jinhoMne prakAzana meM sahayoga pradAna kara isa kArya ko sampanna karAyA dillI 5 janavarI, 1968 I0 aniruddha kumAra zarmA

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prAkkathana DaoN.vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya pUrva prophesara evaM adhyakSa saMskRta evaM pAli vibhAga kAzI hindU vizva vidyAlaya vArANasI bhAratIya saMskRti ke sarvAGga jJAna ke lie vaidika, jaina aura bauddha tInoM bhAratIya dhArAoM se samAdRta vAGmaya kA parizIlana aparihArya hai| jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta kI mahanIya sevA kI hai, kintu usakA sahI mUlyAMkana adyAvadhi vAJchita rUpa meM huA nahIM hai| bhagavAn neminAtha jaina paramparAnusAra bAIsaveM tIrthaMkara haiN| unheM bhagavAn zrIkRSNa kA cacerA bhAI mAnA gayA hai| bhagavAn neminAtha kA jIvana carita yadyapi paurANika hai tathApi unakI aitihAsikatA ko jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| bhAratIya vAGmaya meM neminAtha para aneka kAvya likhe gaye haiN| DaoN0 aniruddha kumAra zarmA ne unakA saMkSipta paricaya isa grantha meM diyA hai| vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa bhagavAn neminAtha para likhA gayA prathama mahAkAvya hai| ataH isakA vizeSa mahattva hai| lekhaka DaoN.zarmA ne isa prabandha meM neminirvANa kA sAGgopAGga adhyayana kiyA hai| jisako ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai| prathama adhyAya meM baina caritakAvyoM ke udbhava evaM vikAsa kA ullekha hai| kAvyasvarUpa, kAvya ke bheda evaM jaina carita kAvyoM kI sAmAnya vizeSatAoM kA ullekha karate hue, sAtavIM zatAbdI le lekara bIsavIM zatAbdI paryanta likhe gaye jaina carita kAvyoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi le kAlAnukramika vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isI adhyAya meM vibhinna bhASAoM meM upalabdha neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya kA paricaya hai aura neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke racayitA AcArya vAgbhaTa prathama ke janmasthAna evaM sthitikAla Adi kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM grantha kI kathAvastu, kathAnaka ke srota tathA usameM kiye gaye parivartana evaM parivardhana para prakAza DAlA hai| tRtIya adhyAya meM grantha ke aGgabhUta evaM aGgIrasa kA vivecana karake neminirvANa ko mahAkAvya siddha kiyA gayA hai aura anta meM chanda evaM alaMkAra yojanA kA samAveza hai| caturtha adhyAya meM bhASA, zailI aura guNoM para prakAza DAlA hai| paJcama adhyAya meM mahAkAvya ke varNanIya viSayoM ke antargata deza, nagara evaM prakRti Adi kA manorama citraNa prastuta kiyA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM darzana evaM saMskRti kA vivecana hai| saptama adhyAya meM neminirvANa mahAkAvya para pUrvavartI granthoM ke prabhAva evaM pazcAtavartI granthoM para neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke prabhAva kI carcA kI gaI . hai| aSTama adhyAya meM zodha ke niSkarSoM kA vivecana kara jaina saMskRta sAhitya meM isa grantha kA praNayana kara saMskRta sAhitya kI bhI vRddhi kI hai| maiM a karatA hU~ ki DaoN. zarmA kI lekhanI se isI prakAra ke anya granthoM kA praNayana hogA, jisase vAGmaya bhANDAgAra aura adhika samRddha ho skegaa| DA0vizva nAtha bhaTTAcArya

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prastAvanA saMskRta kA vidyArthI hone ke kAraNa prArambha se hI kAvya granthoM ke adhyayana meM merI rUci rahI hai / jina dinoM maiM ema0e0 kA vidyArthI thA, taba pAThyakrama meM kucha jaina grantha par3hane kA avasara mujhe milaa| maiMne anubhava kiyA ki eka viziSTa bhAratIya sampradAya ke rUpa meM jainoM ne saMskRta sAhitya kI mahattvapUrNa sevA kI hai / yadi bhAratIya saMskRti kA sarvAMgINa aura vAstavika adhyayana karanA hai to bhArata kI sabhI dhArAoM ke sAhitya kA adhyayana karanA anivArya hai / tabhI mere mana meM vicAra AyA yadi mujhe pI0 eca0 DI0 karane kA avasara milA to maiM jaina sAhitya meM hI apanA zodha kArya karU~gA / ema0 e0, bI0 eD. karane ke bAda maineM apanI jijJAsA kA apane guruvara DA0 jayakumAra jaina se nivedana kiyA / unhoMne "neminirvANa" nAmaka eka grantha mujhe isa kArya ke lie diyA, jisakA na koI anuvAda thA aura na kisI prakAra kI TIkA-TippaNI / yaha grantha- nirNayasAgara presa bambaI se paM0 zrI zivadatta evaM zrI kAzInAtha pANDuraMga paraba dvArA saMpAdita hokara 1936 I0 meM prakAzita huA hai| guru kI AjJA aura apane parizrama kI pravRtti para vizvAsa karake maiMne usa para hI zodha kArya karane kA nizcaya kara liyaa| maiMne pUrNa niSThA ke sAtha nemi - nirvANa kA adhyayana karane kA yaha vinamra prayAsa kiyA hai, jo vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta hai / prastuta zodha prabandha ATha adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM jainacaritakAvya paramparA tathA nemi - nirvANa kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya ko tIna upavibhAgoM meM vibhAjita kiyA gayA hai / prathama upa vibhAga meM jaina caritakAvyoM ke udbhava aura vikAsa para prakAza DAlA gayA hai / dvitIya upavibhAga meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya kA vivecana hai tathA tRtIya upavibhAga meM nemi - nirvANa ke kartA vAgbhaTa ke vyaktitva kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| dvitIya adhyAya meM nemi - nirvANa kI kathAvastu para vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa adhyAya ko bhI tIna upavibhAgoM meM bA~TA gayA hai, jisameM sarvaprathama neminirvANa kI kathAvastu ke mUla srota para vicAra kiyA hai| dvitIya upavibhAga meM neminirvANa kI kathAvastu dI gayI hai tathA tRtIya upavibhAga meM mUla kathAvastu se neminirvANa kI kathAvastu meM kiye gaye parivartana-parivardhanoM kI carcA kI gaI hai| tRtIya adhyAya ko rasa, mahAkAvyatva, chanda aura alaMkAra nAmaka cAra upavibhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai| rasa ke sandarbha meM aMgIrasa zAnta para vicAra karate samaya zAntarasa kI mAnyatA aura sthAna kA bhI vivecana kiyA gayA hai / tatpazcAt neminirvANa kI mahAkAvyatA siddha kI hai / chanda upavibhAga meM neminirvANa meM prayukta kula 50 chandoM kI carcA kI gaI hai / neminirvANa meM prayukta zabdAlaMkAra aura arthAlaMkAroM kA ullekha karate hue vAgbhaTa ke alaMkAra kauzala ko prakaTa kiyA hai / caturtha adhyAya meM neminirvANa kI bhASAzailI evaM guNa sanniveza para vicAra karate hue spaSTa kiyA gayA hai

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ki mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne sabhI rItiyoM evaM sabhI guNoM kA Azraya liyA hai| paMcama adhyAya meM " varNana vaicitrya" ke antargata deza, nagara, sUryodaya, prAtaHkAla, candramA, parvata, mandira, strI-purUSa, putrajanma, jalakrIDA, madirA pAna kA varNana kiyA hai| SaSTha adhyAya meM neminirvANa meM prayukta darzana evaM saMskRti kA citraNa hai / sarva prathama neminirvANa meM prayukta darzana kA tatpazcAt usameM pratibimbita saMskRti kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai| saptama adhyAya meM nemi-nirvANa ke Upara pUrvavartI kaviyoM ke prabhAva tathA paravartI kaviyoM para avadAna kI carcA kI gaI hai| aSTama adhyAya meM zodha-prabandha ke niSkarSa ko prastuta karate hue nemi-nirvANa ke isa samIkSAtmaka adhyayana ke avadAna kI vivecanA kI gaI hai| anta meM zodha-prabandha meM sahAyaka granthoM kI anukramaNikA ko bhI pariziSTa ke rUpa meM joDa diyA gayA hai| prastuta zodha-prabandha ko likhane meM mujhe jina gurujanoM evaM vidvAnoM kA sahayoga milA hai unakA maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa hU~ / isa prasaMga meM maiM sarvaprathama apane nirdezaka DA0 jayakumAra jaina ke prati hRdaya se kRtajJatA prakaTa karatA hU~ jinake kuzala nirdezana meM yaha zodha prabandha pUrNa ho sakA hai| atyanta vyasta rahate huye bhI unhoMne zodha-prabandha ke antima prArUpa ke saMzodhana meM bar3I AtmIyatA evaM tatparatA dikhAkara zodha-nirdezaka ke dAyitva ko pUrNarUpa se nibhAyA hai| tatpazcAt maiM vibhAgIya gurujanoM - DA0 ramezakumAra lau, DA0 umAkAnta zukla evaM DA0 suSamA jI ke prati AbhArI hU~ jinake parAmarza se zodha - viSaya ke cayana meM paryApta sahAyatA milI tathA jinakA protsAhana nirantara milatA rahA hai| yaha zodha-prabandha pUjya pitA zrI bAlakarAma zarmA evaM mAtA zrImatI tArAvatI zarmA ke AzIrvAda evaM preraNA kA hI phala hai / ataH unake prati praNata nivedana karanA merA parama karttavya hai / isa avasara para maiM padmazrI svAmI kalyANadevajI mahArAja ke prati vinamra rUpa se praNata hU~ / svAmI jI kA AzIrvAda hI isa zodha prabandha kI pUrNatA meM sahAyaka rahA hai / agraja tathA anuja bhrAtA zrI aravinda jI aura avanIza tathA bhAbhI zrImatI arUNA jI evaM jIjA zrI dharmavIrajI kI preraNA va sahayoga ke lie unakA bhI maiM AbhArI huuN| isa zodha prabandha ke TaMkaNa meM zrI suzIla jaina evaM zrI subhASa jaina kA sahayoga milA hai, unheM bhI maiM dhanyavAda detA hU~ / anta meM maiM punaH sabhI gurujanoM, vidvAnoM evaM pArivArika tathA AtmIya sahayogiyoM ke prati hArdika AbhAra vyakta karatA hU~, jinakA isa zodha-prabandha ke lekhana meM thor3A sA bhI sahayoga prApta huA hai| vinIta aniruddha kumAra zarmA

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viSayAnukramaNikA adhyAya - eka jaina caritakAvya paramparA tathA neminirvANa 1-92 (ka) udbhava evaM vikAsa - kAvya kA svarUpa, kAvya ke bheda, jaina caritakAvya sAmAnya vizeSatAyeM, sAtavIM zatAbdI se bIsavIM zatAbdI taka ke jaina caritakAvyoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se kAlAnukramika siMhAvalokana | (kha) tIrthakura neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya - saMskRta bhASA meM likhita sAhitya, prAkRta bhASA meM likhita sAhitya, apabhraMza bhASA kA sAhitya, hindI sAhitya tathA rAjasthAnI sAhitya, marAThI, kannar3a, gujarAtI Adi hindItara Adhunika bhAratIya bhASAoM kA sAhitya (ga) neminirvANa kA kartA-aneka vAgbhaTa, vAgbhaTa prathama : paricaya, kula-paramparA, sampradAya, nivAsa sthAna, sthitikAla adhyAya - do :neminirvANa kI kathAvastu 93-119 (ka) mUla srota-kathAvastu kA mUla srota, uttarapurANa meM varNita neminAthacarita, harivaMzapurANa meM neminAthacarita (kha) sargAnusAra kathAnaka (ga) parivartana - parivardhana adhyAya - tIna neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa 120-163 (ka) rasa-rasa kI paribhASA, zAntarasa : mAnyatA aura sthAna, aMgIrasa zAnta, aMgarasa - zrRMgAra - saMyogazrRMgAra evaM vipralambha zrRMgAra, raudra rasa, vIra rasa, karuNa rasa aura adbhuta rasa (kha) mahAkAvyatva-kAvya ke bheda, chanda ke sadbhAva yA abhAva ke AdhAra para, bhASA ke AdhAra para, viSaya ke AdhAra para, svarUpa ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya kA svarUpa evaM neminirvANa meM saMghaTanA (ga) chanda yojanA- AryA, zazivadanA, somarAjI, anuSTup, vidyunmAlA, pramANikA, haMsaruta, mAdyaga, maNiraMga, bandhUka, rukmavatI, mattA, indravajA, upendravajA, upajAti (14 bheda sahita) bhramara-vilasitA, strI, rathoddhatA, zAlinI, acyuta, vaMzastha, drutavilambita, kusumavicitrA, sragviNI, mauktikadAma, tAmarasa, pramitAkSarA, bhujaMgaprayAta, priyaMvadA, toTaka, rucirA, nandinI, candrikA, maMjubhASiNI, mattamayUra, vasantatilakA, azoka-mAlinI, praharaNakalikA, mAlinI, zazikalikA, zaramAlA, hariNI, pRthvI, zikhariNI, mandAkrAMtA, zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA, caNDavRSTi, viyoginI, puSpitAmA /

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(gha) alaMkAra zabdAlaMkAra - anuprAsa, yamaka (ayutAvRtti- mUlaka yamaka, mahAyamaka, madhyamayamaka, Adiyamaka, saMyutAvRttimUlaka antayamaka, ayutAvRttimUlaka antayamaka, pAdadvayAntayamaka, dvitIyapAda caturtha pAdAntayamaka), zleSa, arthAlaMkAra - upamA, utprekSA, rUpaka, virodhAbhAsa, parisaMkhyA, udAharaNa, sahokti, samAsokti, arthAntaranyAsa / adhyAya cAra : bhASA zailI tathA guNasanniveza 164-169 zailI kA artha, vaidarbhI rIti, gauDIrIti, pAMcAlI rIti, lATI rIti, guNa, guNa ke bheda, mAdhurya, oja, prasAda / adhyAya - pA~ca : neminirvANa meM varNanavaicitrya 170-178 dezavarNana, nagaravarNana, prakRti-citraNa, sUryodaya evaM prAtaHkAla, candravarNana, parvatavarNana, deva- mandira, strI-puruSoM kA varNana, putrajanmotsava, jalakrIr3A, madirApAna, ratikrIr3A / - adhyAya - - cha:: darzana evaM saMskRti 179-210 - (ka) darzana - svarUpa, vargIkaraNa, ratnatraya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra, sapta tatvoM kA vivecana, jIva, ajIva, aNu yA pudgala, dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla, Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA, mokSa, dhyAna- ArtadhyAna, raudradhyAna, zukladhyAna, dharmadhyAna, paMcapApa hiMsA, anRta, steya, abrahma, parigraha, karma, tapa- bAhyatapa, antaraMga tapa anekAnta / - - (kha) saMskRti dvIpa puSkarArddha dvIpa, parvata, nadiyA~, vana, udyAna, vRkSa, puSpa, pazu, pakSI, deza, janapada, nagara, grAma - surASTra, kurUjAMgala, dvArakApurI, zrIgAndhila, AvAse, harmya, prAsAda, sadma, zAlA, mandira, dIrghikA, rAjA, rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI, rAjA kI dAnavIratA evaM yaza, sainya, durga, parikhA, vapra, sabhA, varNa aura jAti, parivAra, vivAha, bhojanapAna, AjIvikA ke sAdhana, vAhana, AbhUSaNa - zirobhUSaNa, karNAbhUSaNa, kaNThAbhUSaNa, karAbhUSaNa, vastra, zikSA, saMskAra - puMsavana, sImantonnayana, putrotpatti, nAmakaraNa, caulakarma, vidyAraMbha, dArakarma, mRtyu, manoraMjana ke sAdhana - saMgIta vAdya aura nRtya, svapna tathA unake phala / -- - adhyAya sAta : prabhAva evaM avadAna 211-220 kAlidAsa kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva, bhartRhari kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva, kumAradAsa kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva, bhAravi kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva, mAgha kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva, bANabhaTTa kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva, haricandra kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva / vAgbhaTa kA vIranandi para prabhAva, vAgbhaTa kA munijJAnasAgara para prabhAva / adhyAya - ATha : upasaMhAra pariziSTa : sandarbhagranthAnukramaNikA 221-226

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adhyAya - eka (ka) jaina caritakAvya paramparA tathA neminirvANa .. udbhava evaM vikAsa kAvya kA svarUpa saMskRta sAhitya zAstra meM sAhitya kA paryAyavAcI zabda kAvya hai, kyoMki sudIrgha kAla taka sAhitya-sRjana kavitA meM hI hotA rahA hai / AcArya bhAmaha ne (chaThI zatAbdI) "zabdArthoM sahitau kAvyam' kaha kara zabda aura artha ke sAhitya ko kAvya mAnA hai aura bAda meM isakI paribhASA karate hue paNDitarAja jagannAtha ne kahA hai - ramaNIyArthapratipAdakaH zabdaH kAvyam / isa paribhASA meM ramaNIya artha aura zabda ina donoM ke dvArA kAvya meM rasa, alaMkAra aura dhvani kA samanvaya nihita hai / paNDitarAja jaganAtha se bahuta pahale jinAcArya jinasena ne kAvya zabda kI vyutpatti karate hue usakI paribhASA isa prakAra batalAyI hai - "kave vo athavA karmakAvyaM"3 kavi ke bhAva athavA karma ko kAvya kahate haiM / kavi kA kAvya sarva-sammata artha se sahita, grAmyadoSa se rahita, alaMkAra se yukta aura prasAda Adi guNoM se zobhita hotA hai / arthAt zabda aura artha kA vaha samucita rUpa jo doSarahita tathA guNa aura alaMkAra sahita ho (ramaNIya ho) kAvya hai / dhvanivAdI AcAryoM ne "dhvanirAtmA kAvyasya" kaha kara kAvya-zarIra meM prANoM kI pratiSThA kI kuntaka ne "vakroktiH kAvya jIvitam" kahA hai parantu vizvanAtha ne isa para AkSepa kiyA hai / vizvanAtha ke anusAra vakrokti to eka alaMkAra mAtra hai, vaha kAvya kA jIvana kaise ho sakatA hai? kintu kuntaka kI vakrokti sAmAnya alaMkAra na hokara eka apUrva alaMkAra hai tathA vicitrA abhidhA bhI hai, jo dhvani Adi ke samAna hI mahattvapUrNa hai| kAvya kI paridhi ko bar3hate huye dekhakara kAvyazAstriyoM ne usakI paridhi meM Avazyaka saMzodhana kiyA hai / AcArya mammaTa ne apane kAvyaprakAza meM kAvya meM sphuTa alaMkAra ke abhAva meM bhI kAvyatva surakSita mAnA hai / unhoMne doSarahita, guNavAlI, alaMkArayukta tathA kabhI-kabhI alaMkAra rahita zabdArthamayI racanA ko kAvya kahA hai / isI taraha apane yuga kI racanAoM ko dhyAna meM rakhakara AcArya hemacandra ne kAvya kI paribhASA "adoSau saguNau sAlaMkArau ca zabdArtho-kAvyam"6 mAnate huye bhI sUtra kI vRtti meM "cakArI niralaMkArayorapi zabdArthayoH kvacit kAvyatvakhyApanArthaH" likhA hai| 1. kAvyAlaMkAra 1/16 4. vakroktiprasiddhAbhidhAnavyatirekiNI vicitrvaabhidhaa| 2. rasagaMgAdhara, kAvyalakSaNa pR011 -vakroktijIvita, 1/10 kI vRtti| 3. AdipurANa,1/94 5. tadadoSau zabdAyA~ sugaNAvanalaMkRtI punaH kvApi / 6. kAvyAnuzAsana, 1/11 __ - kAvyaprakAza, pR01

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana AcArya vizvanAtha ne Anandavardhana, kuntaka aura mammaTa ke kAvya lakSaNoM kA khaNDana kara kAvya-lakSaNa prastuta kiyA hai - "vAkyaM rasAtmakaM kAvyam' kAvya kA yaha lakSaNa rasa ke mahattva ko svIkAra karatA hai| isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki kAvya kI paribhASA yuga kI AvazyakatA ke anusAra badalatI rahI hai aura vizAla evaM bahuvidha kAvya-rAzi ko dekhate huye unake kAvyatva ko jA~cane ke lie eka mApadaNDa sthApita karanA kaThina hai / sacamuca "niraMkuNAH kavayaH" yaha lokokti kaviyoM ke lie ucita hI hai| kAvya ke bheda kAvya bheda-nirUpaNa, kAvyazAstra kI prAcInatama paramparA hai, kAvya nirmANa ke sAtha hI yaha samasyA uThI hogI, yaha anumAna sahaja evaM svAbhAvika hai / isa samasyA kA samAdhAna sarvaprathama bhAmaha ne cAra mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para pRthak pRthak cAra prakAra se kAvya-bheda prastuta karake kiyA 1. chanda ke sadbhAva yA abhAva ke AdhAra para - (a) gadya,(ba) padya 2. bhASA ke AdhAra para- (a) saMskRta, (ba) prAkRta, (sa) apabhraMza 3. viSaya ke AdhAra para- (a) khyAtavRtta, (ba) kalpita, (sa) kalAzrita, (da) zAstrAzrita 4. svarUpa ke AdhAra para - (a) sargabandha, (ba) abhineyArtha, (sa) AkhyAyikA, (da) kathA (ya) anibaddha isa prakAra ukta cAroM vargIkaraNa kA AdhAra hI prAyaH pazcAtvartI samasta kAvyazAstriyoM kA AdhAra banA aura ve isI meM hI kucha parivartana yA parivardhana kara vargIkaraNa prastuta karate rahe / vAstava meM bhAmaha ke vargIkaraNa meM eka doSa mukhya rUpa se yaha hai ki unhoMne khaNDakAvya ko bilkula hI bhulA diyA hai / AcArya daNDI kathA aura AkhyAyikA ko do alaga-alaga bheda na mAnakara eka hI ke do nAma mAnate haiM / jaina caritakAvya jaina caritakAvya se hamArA tAtparya usa sAhitya se hai jo kAvyazAstrokta vidhividhAna ko apanA kara kAvya kI vibhinna vidhAoM meM likhA gayA hai kintu jinameM jaina dharmokta catrioM ko hI varNita kiyA gayA hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM caritakAvyoM kI eka sudIrgha paramparA hai / caritakAvyoM 1. sAhityadarpaNa, 1/3, pR0 23 2. zabdArtho sahitau kAvyaM gadyaM padyaM ca tadadvidhA |sNskRtNprkRtN cAnyadaapabhraMza iti vidhA / / kRtadevAdicaritazaMsicotpAdyavastu ca / kalAzAstrAtravaMceti caturdhAbhidyate punaH / / sargabandho'bhineyArtha tavaivakhyAyikAkathe / anibaddhaJca kAvyAdi tatpunaH pcNdyocyte|| -kAvyAlaMkAra, 1/16-18

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa meM kisI puNyazAlI mahApuruSa kA caritra varNita hotA hai / caritakAvya sAmAnyataH do prakAra ke ho sakate haiM :1. jina caritakAvyoM kA kathAnaka purANoM se grahaNa kiyA gayA hai aise paurANika caritakAvya / 2. jina caritakAvyoM kA kathAnaka kisI aitihAsika ghaTanA yA mahApuruSa ko lekara likhA gayA hai aise aitihAsika carita kAvya / sarvaprathama jainoM ke paramparA sammata vADmaya meM jaina kAvya-sAhitya kI kyA sthiti hai isakI jAnakArI prApta kara lenA paramAvazyaka hai / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya se lekara vikrama kI bIsavIM zatAbdI ke anta taka lagabhaga 2500 varSoM ke dIrghakAla meM jaina manISI prAkRta, saMskRta evaM anya sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM grantha praNayana karate rahe, kyoMki prAkRta jana sAmAnya kI bhASA thI ataH lokoparaka sudhAravAdI racanAoM kA sRjana jainAcAryoM ne prAkRta bhASA meM hI prArambha kiyA / bhAratIya vAGmaya ke vikAsa meM diye gaye jainAcAryoM ke sahayoga kI prazaMsA karate hue DA0 viTaranitsa ne likhA hai : "I was not able to do full justice to the literary achievements of the jainas, but I hope to have shown that the jainas have contributed their full share to the religious ethical and scientific literature of ancient India." __ anuyogadvArasUtra meM prAkRta aura saMskRta donoM bhASAoM ko RSibhASita kahakara samAna rUpa se sammAna pradAna kiyA hai| sakkayA pAthayA ceva bhINaIo hoti doNNivA / saramaDaMlAmmi vijjate pasatthA isibhAsiyo / / spaSTa hai ki saMskRta aura prAkRta donoM hI bhASAoM meM sAhitya sRjana karane kI svIkRti jainAcAryoM dvArA pradAna kI gayI hai| kAvya sAhitya ke adhyayana kI suvidhA kI dRSTi se Adhunika vidvAnoM ne purAnI paribhASAoM kA dhyAna rakhakara pramukha tIna bhAgoM meM bAMTA hai / prathama Agamika, dUsarA anuAgamika aura tIsarA Agametara / Agamika sAhitya Aja hameM AcArAMga Adi 45 AgamoM tathA una para likhe vizAla TIkA sAhitya, niyukti, cUrNi, bhASya aura TIkAoM ke rUpa meM upalabdha haiM / anuAgamika sAhitya digaMbara mAnya aura zaura-sainI AgamoM ke sAtha pAhuDa, paTakhaNDAgama tathA kundakunda ke granthoM ke rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai / 8. The Jalnas in the History of Sanskrit Literature Page - 4. 2.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR04

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana Agametara sAhitya se hamArA tAtparya usa sAhitya se hai jo jainAgamoM kI viSaya aura zailI kI dRSTi se anuyoga nAmaka eka vizeSa vyAkhyAna paddhati ke rUpa meM IsA kI prArambhika zatAbdiyoM se likhA jAne lagA thA / isake AviSkAraka AcArya "AryarakSita" mAne jAte haiM / anuyoga paddhati cAra prakAra se batalAI gaI hai - 4 1. prathamAnuyoga, 2. karaNAnuyoga, 3. caraNAnuyoga, 4. dravyAnuyoga jina granthoM meM paramArtha viSayoM kA kathana karane vAle tirasaTha zalAkA-puruSoM kA athavA anya puNyazAlI mahApuruSoM kA carita varNita hotA hai, unheM prathamAnuyoga tathA jina granthoM meM lokAloka vibhAga, yuga-parivartana, caturgati aura karmAdi kA varNana hotA hai ve grantha karaNAnuyoga tathA jina granthoM meM gRhastha aura sAdhuoM kI cAritrotpatti, vRddhi, rakSA kA varNana ho caraNAnuyoga tathA jinameM jIvAdi sapta tattvoM, puNya-pApa Adi kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai unheM dravyAmuyoga graMthoM kI saMjJA dI jAtI hai / 1 isa prakAra samasta purANa caritakAvya prathamAnuyoga ke aMtargata hI Ate haiM / prathamAnuyoga ke antargata arahantoM ke garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura nirvANa sambandhita itivRtta tathA ziSyasamudAya kA varNana samAviSTa hai / jaina kAvya sAhitya kI viSayavastu vastutaH vizAla hai| jaina caritakAvyoM meM prAyaH tirasaTha zalAkA puruSa aura 24 kAmadeva tathA katipaya anya puNyazAlI puruSoM kA varNana milatA hai / 24 tIrthaGkara, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 pratinArAyaNa, 9 ballabhadra aura 1 2 cakravartI ina tirasaTha mahApuruSoM kI jaina sAhitya meM zalAkA saMjJA hai / zalAkA zabda prAcIna kAla meM pramANabodhaka vastu ke lie prayukta hotA thA / ataeva zalAkApuruSa se tAtparya una mahatvapUrNa vyaktiyoM se hai, jo samAja meM pramANa mAne jAte the, gaNamAnya the, jinakA samAja meM rahanA anivArya thA / inake atirikta aneka narezoM ke vividha prakAra ke AkhyAna, nAnA prakAra ke sAdhusAdhviyoM aura rAjA-rAniyoM ke, brAhmaNoM aura zramaNoM ke, seTha-seThAniyoM ke, dhanika tathA daridroM ke, cora aura juAriyoM ke, dhUrta aura gaNikAoM ke tathA vibhinna prakAra ke mAnavoM ko uddezya kara likhe gaye grantha haiM / kAvya nirmANa kI dRSTi se sabase pahale saMskRta ke jaina kavi samantabhadra haiM, jinhoMne IsvI san kI dvitIya zatAbdI meM stuti-kAvya kA sRjana kara jainoM ke madhya saMskRta kAvya kI paramparA kA zrIgaNeza kiyA / yaha eka sarvamAnya satya hai ki saMskRta bhASA meM kAvyoM kA prAdurbhAva stutiyoM se hI huA hai| 1. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, padya, 43-46 3. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 7 2. dra0 pArzvanAthacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR0-1 4. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0 55-60

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 5 1 jaina kAvya sAhitya kI IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se pA~cavI zatAbdI taka katipaya kRtiyA~ ullekha rUpa meM hI milatI haiM / pA~cavI se dasavIM taka sarvAGga pUrNa vikasita evaM Akara granthoM ke rUpa meM aisI vizAla racanAyeM milatI haiM, jinheM hama pratinidhi racanAyeM kaha sakate haiM / kintu ye aMguliyoM para ginane lAyaka haiM / parantu gyArahavIM se aThArahavIM zatAbdI taka etadviSayaka racanAeM vizAla gaMgA kI dhArA ke samAna pracura parimANa meM upalabdha hotI haiM aura aba bhI manda evaM kSINa dhArA ke rUpa meM pravAhita haiM / DA0 jayakumAra jaina ne jaina caritakAvyoM ke Antarika anuzIlana ke AdhAra para kucha vizeSatAoM kA nirdeza kiyA hai, jo isa prakAra hai - (1) jaina caritakAvyoM meM nAyaka, pratinAyaka aura unase saMbaddha pramukha vyaktiyoM ke aneka janma-janmAntaroM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai| inameM nAyaka ko uttarottara unnata aura pratinAyaka ko janma janmAntara meM nAyaka se zatrutA karate hue dikhAyA jAtA hai / antataH pratinAyaka nAyaka ke samakSa apanI hAra svIkAra karatA hai aura nAyaka ke mArga para calane lagatA hai / kintu aitihAsika caritakAvyoM meM nAyaka ke janma-janmAntara kA varNana nahIM kiyA jAtA hai / (2) ina kAvyoM kA AdhAra prAyaH jaina paurANika AkhyAna haiM / avAntara kathAnakoM meM aneka kAlpanika yA lokaprasiddha kathAoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai parantu aitihAsika caritakAvyoM samaya, sthAna Adi ke nizcita tathyoM ko prakaTa karane ke kAraNa kalpanA ko adhika sthAna nahIM mila sakA hai / (3) jaina caritakAvyoM kA antima uddezya mokSa prApti hai / ataeva ina kAvyoM meM bhoga para tyAga kI vijaya dikhalAyI jAtI hai / (4) bhArata kA prAcIna sAhitya dhArmika evaM dArzanika bhAvanAoM se otaprota pAyA jAtA hai / sampUrNa vaidika sAhitya isakA sAkSI hai / ataeva ina kAvyoM meM bhI prasaMgataH dArzanika evaM dhArmika tattvoM kA samAveza pAyA jAtA hai| isI kAraNa kahIM-kahIM koI kAvya nIrasa bhI lagane lagatA hai / (5) jaina caritakAvyoM meM prAyaH aMgIrasa zAnta hai / kintu zrRMgAra rasa ke sthUla evaM sUkSma donoM pakSoM evaM anya sabhI rasoM kA yatheSTa varNana ina kAvyoM meM huA hai I (6) jaina caritakAvyoM meM prAyaH grantha ke anta meM prazastiyA~ likhI gaI haiM / ina prazastiyoM meM grantha racanA kA samaya, tatkAlIna rAjA evaM anya aitihAsika tathyoM kA ullekha kara diyA gayA hai / ina granthoM meM maMgalAcaraNa meM bhI kahIM-kahIM pUrva kaviyoM kI prazasti prApta hotI hai aura kahIM-kahIM to yaha kAlAnukramika bhI hai| ataeva jaina caritakAvyoM ke maMgalAcaraNa aura antima 1. pArzvanAthacarita kA samIkSAtmaka adhyayana, pR0 4-5

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 6 prazastipadyoM kA aitihAsika dRSTi se bar3A hI mahattva hai / mahAbhArata aura rAmAyaNa ke kathAnaka hinduoM kI taraha itara sampradAyoM ko bhI priya rahe haiM / ina kaviyoM ne bhI apane sampradAya (paramparA prApta siddhAnta) kI mAnyatAoM ke anurUpa rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ko Azraya mAnakara aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI hai| yahA~ taka ki jaina sAhitya meM mahApuruSoM ke carita ko kAvyAtmaka zailI meM likhane kA zrIgaNeza hI prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha vimalasUri (prathama zatAbdI) ke "paumacariyaM" se hotA hai, jisameM maryAdA puruSottama rAma kA saMpUrNa jIvana paricaya varNita hai / jaina paramparA meM rAma kA nAma 'padma' bhI ullikhita hai / isakI zailI rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata jaisI hai| yahI nahIM, jisa prakAra jaina caritakAvyoM kA prAkRta bhASA meM prArambha zrIrAma ke carita ke sAtha huA, usI prakAra saMskRta bhASA meM bhI / AcArya raviSeNa (saptama zatAbdI) kA padmacarita saMskRta bhASA meM nibaddha Adya jaina caritakAvya hai / I jaina kavi IsA kI saptama zatAbdI se lekara nirantara caritakAvyoM kI racanA meM saMlagna haiN| aba aitihAsika dRSTi se kAlAnukrama ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue caritakAvyoM kA siMhAvalokana kiyA jA rahA hai / saptama zatAbdI 1. padmacarita : ( AcArya raviSeNa) padmacarita meM rAma-lakSmaNa kA varNana 123 parvoM meM huA hai| ye jaina paramparA meM aSTama balabhadra nArAyaNa aura pratinArAyaNa svIkRta haiM / yadyapi yaha paurANikatA para AdhArita hai kintu jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM yaha Adya racanA hai / ataH isakA mahattva caritakAvyoM ke itihAsa meM avismaraNIya hai / padmacarita para rAjA bhoja (paramAra) ke rAjyakAla meM (1030 I0 meM) zrI candramuni dvArA eka TIkA likhe jAne kA ullekha milatA haiM / 1 racayitA : racanAkAla I -> -> "padmacarita" ke racayitA AcArya raviSeNa haiM / inhoMne apanI guru-paramparA ke viSaya meM isa prakAra se ullekha kiyA hai- indraguru divAkarapati arhanmuni lakSmaNasena -> raviSeNa / apanI guru-paraMparA ke atirikta apanA jarA bhI paricaya AcArya ne nahIM diyA hai, kintu senAnta hone ke kAraNa inakI senasaMgha ke hone kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai / raviSeNa ne padmacarita kI racanA vIra nirvANa ke 12021, bAda (san 677 I0) meM pUrNa kI thI / isakA ullekha grantha se hI prApta hotA hai|' bAhya pramANoM se bhI isakA yahI samaya 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 42 1. bhAratIya jJAnapITha se tIna bhAgoM meM prakAzita hai| 3. padmapurANa, 123/168 4. tIrthapura mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-2, pR0 - 376 5.dvizatAbhyadhike samAsahasre samatIte'rddhacaturthavarSayukte / jinabhAskaravarSamAnasiddhezcaritaM padmamuneridaM nibaddham / / - padmapurANa, 123/187

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa siddha hotA hai / kyoMki udyotanasUri aura AcArya jinasena ne inakA ullekha kiyA hai / ina donoM kA samaya AThavIM zatAbdI hai| aSTama zatAbdI 2. varAMga carita' (jaTAsiMha nandi) yaha 31 sarma meM nibaddha caritakAvya hai / kavi ne zrIkRSNa aura tIrthakara neminAtha ke samakAlIna bhojavaMzI mahArAja dharmasena ke putra "varAMgakumAra" kA caritra aMkita kiyA hai / isameM jaina darzana aura jainAcAra kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / yaha azvaghoSa ke buddhacarita aura saundarAnanda kI koTi kA kAvya hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA jaTAsiMha nandi haiM / jaina caritakAvyoM meM saMskRta ke Adya caritakAvya racayitA kA gaurava ina jaTAcArya ko hI prApta hai / yadyapi isase pUrva padmacarita kI racanA ho cukI thI, kintu usameM paurANika tattva adhika the / unakA vyaktigata paricaya sarvathA ajJAta hai / varAMgacarita ke varNanoM ke AdhAra para DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne inheM dAkSiNAtya mAnA hai| udyotana sUri ne raviSeNa ke sAtha varAMgacarita kA bhI ullekha kiyA hai / ' udyotanasUri ke (san 778 I0) pazcAtavartI aneka kaviyoM ne inakA smaraNa kiyA hai / pro0 khuzAlacandra gorAvAlA inakA samaya sAtavIM zatAbdI se Age le jAnA ucita nahIM mAnate haiM / DA0 rAmajI upAdhyAya ne inakA samaya sAtavIM-AThavIM zatAbdI kA sandhikAla mAnA hai / ' 3. harivaMzapurANa (AcArya jina sena) yaha digambara sampradAya kA pramukha (carita) purANa grantha hai / harivaMza kI kathAvastu jinasena ko apane guru kIrtisena se prApta huI thIM / kathAvastu 66 sargoM meM nibaddha hai / isa kAvya meM pramukha rUpa se 22 veM tIrthaGkara kA caritra nibaddha hai / parantu prasaMgopAtta anya kathAnaka bhI likhe gaye haiM / bhagavAna neminAtha ke sAtha nArAyaNa zrIkRSNa tathA balabhadra pada ke dhAraka zrI balarAma ke bhI kautuka va caritra aMkita haiM / harivaMzapurANa para raviSeNa ke padmapurANa aura jaTAsiMha ke varAMgacarita kA prabhAva hai / racayitA : racanAkAla harivaMza purANa kAvya ke praNayana kartA zrI AcArya jinasena haiM / ye punnATa saMgha ke AcArya 1.kuvalayamAlA, anuccheda 6, pR0 4 2.harivaMzapurA,1/34 3. bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha mathurA se 1953 I0 meM sAnuvAda prakAzita / 4.tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-2, pR0 293 5.kuvalayamAlA, anuccheda 6, pR0 4 6.varAMgacarita, bhUmikA, pR0 26 7.saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, bhAga-1,paM0 405

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana haiM / inake guru kA nAma kIrtiSaNa thA / harivaMzapurANa ke 66 veM sarga meM bhagavAna mahAvIra se lekara lohAcArya paryanta AcAryoM kI paramparA aMkita hai / vIra nirvANa ke 683 varSa ke anantara guru kIrtiSaNa kI avicchinna paramparA isI grantha meM dI gaI hai jisameM guru paramparA meM amitasena ko punnATagaNa kA agraNI aura zatavarSajIvI batalAyA hai / punnATa karnATaka kA prAcIna nAma hai / AcArya jinasena ne grantha-racanA kA samaya svayaM zaka saM0705 (san 783 I0) nirdiSTa kiyA navama zatAbdI 4. jinadattacarita' (zrI guNa bhadra) isa kAvya kA nAma jinadattakathAsamuccaya bhI hai / isa caritakAvya meM aMga dezastha vasantapura nagara ke nivAsI seTha jIvadeva ke putra jinadatta kA AkhyAna nibaddha hai, isameM 9 sarga haiM anuSTup chanda meM nibaddha hote hue bhI racanA atyanta sarasa evaM bhAva-garimA se sampanna hai / 5. uttarapurANa (zrI guNa bhadra) ... isa purANa kAvya meM ajitanAtha tIrthaGkara se lekara mahAvIra paryanta 23 tIrthaMkaroM, 11 cakravartI, 9 nArAyaNa, 9 balabhadra, pratinArAyaNa aura jIvandhara svAmI Adi kucha viziSTa puruSoM ke carita aMkita kiye gaye haiM / kathAvastu paryApta vistRta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM (jinadatta carita tathA uttarapurANa) ke racayitA zrI guNabhadra haiM / guNabhadra AcArya jinasena ke ziSya the / dazaratha guNabhadra ke ziSya the / ' DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne jinadatta carita ko AcArya jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra kI racanA na mAnakara kisI pazcAtkAlIna bhaTTAraka guNabhadra kI racanA mAnA hai / para vastutaH yaha jinasena ke ziSya guNabhadra kI hI racanA jAna par3atI hai| AcArya guNabhadra ne uttarapurANa kI racanA zaka saM0 820 (san 898 I0) meM kI thii| dazama zatAbdI ke eka zilAlekha meM guNabhadra kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai| ataH inakA kAla I0 san kI 9vIM zatAbdI kA anta mAnanA cAhie / dazama zatAbdI 6. candraprabhacarita' (vIra nandi) isa caritakAvya meM jaina dharma ke aSTama tIrthaMkara candraprabha kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA 1.tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR02 2.vahI, pR03 3.mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI se vi0 saM0 1973 meM prakAzita 4 jinaratnakoza, pR0 - 135 5.dRSTavya - uttarapurANa, prazasti padya, 9-14 6.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 62 7.uttarapurANa, prazasti padya, 35-36 8.jaina zilAlekha saMgraha, bhAga-4, lekhAMka 486 5.nirNayasAgara presa bambaI se 1894 evaM 1926 I0 meM prakAzita

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa hai| jaina saMskRta carita kAvyoM meM yaha uttama mahAkAvya hai / isameM 18 sargoM meM 1697 padya haiN| pUrvajanma AkhyAna pradhAna hote huye bhI isa mahAkAvya meM jainetara mahAkAvyoM kI zailiyA~ apanAI gaI haiM / kAvya atyanta sarasa bana par3A hai / racayitA : racanAkAla candraprabha carita ke racayitA vIranandi haiM, jo nandisaMgha ke dezIgaNa ke AcArya the / inake guru kA nAma abhayanandi aura guru ke guru kA nAma guNanandi thA / mahAkavi vAdirAja ne pArzvanAtha carita (1025) meM candraprabhacarita ke racayitA ke rUpa meM inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| isase ye inake pUrvavartI haiM / DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne inakA samaya 950-999 I0 mAnA hai / / 7. pradyumnacarita* : (mahAsena) isa caritakAvya meM zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA jIvana-carita gumphita hai / isameM 14 sarga haiM / kAvya meM kahIM-kahIM geyatA dikhAI par3atI hai / isa mahAkAvya meM gItagovinda kI jhalaka dekhI jA sakatI hai| racayitA : racanAkAla pradyumnacarita ke racayitA mahAsena lATa vargana (lADavAgaDa) saMgha ke AcArya the, ye cArukIrti ke ziSya tathA rAjA bhojarAja ke pitA siMdhurAja ke mahAmAtya pappaTa ke guru the / ' DA0 nemicandra zAstrI pradyumnacarita kA racanA kAla 974 I0 ke AsapAsa mAnate huye inheM 10vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArdha meM rakhate haiM / DA0 rAmajI upAdhyAya ne inakA racanAkAla dasavIM-gyArahavIM zatAbdI ke sandhikAla ko mAnA hai|" 8. vardhamAna carita : (asaga) vardhamAnacarita ko mahAvIra carita yA sanmati carita bhI kahA jAtA hai| isakA kathAnaka guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa ke 74veM parva se liyA gayA hai / vividha alaMkAroM evaM chandoM kA prayoga isa kAvya meM dekhane ko milatA hai| isameM 18 sarga haiM ataH yaha mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM pUrNarUpa se AtA hai / isakI avAntara kathAoM meM mArIca, vizvanandi, hariSeNa, sUryaprabha Adi kI kathAoM kA prayoga huA hai| 9. zAntinAthacarita' zAntinAthacarita bhI eka mahAkAvya hai / isakA dUsarA nAma zAntinAthapurANa bhI hai / isameM 1.jinaralakoza, pR0 119 / 2. pArzvanAthacarita, 1/30 3.saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR077 4.mANikyacandra di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI se 1917 I0 meM prakAzita 5.jinaralakoza, pR0-264 6.tIkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-57 7.saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itivasa, bhAga-1, pR0-410 8.zrI pArzvanAtha jinadAsa phaDakule dvArA prakAzita hokara 1931 I0 meM solApura se prakAzita / hi0 anu0 sahita mu0 ki0 kApaDiyA dvArA sUrata se 1918 meM prakAzita 9.marAThI anuvAda sahita zrI pA0 ji0 phaDakule dvArA solApura se prakAzita

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10 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam H eka adhyayana paurANikatA kA samAveza adhika hai| isameM 16 sarga haiN| vardhamAnacarita kI apekSA isameM bhASA, rasabhAva-saMyojana, prakRti-citraNa Adi kama haiM / 10. candraprabha carita' : (asaga) candraprabhacarita nAma kA kAvya bhI milatA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ukta vardhamAnacarita, zAntinAthacarita tathA candraprabhacarita ke racayitA mahAkavi asaga haiM / inake pitA kA nAma paTumati, mAtA kA nAma vaireti tathA inake putra kA nAma jinApa thA / 1 inake guru nAganandi vyAkaraNa kAvya aura jaina zAstroM ke vidvAn the / mahAkavi asaga ne zaka saM0 910 (san 988 I0) meM vardhamAnacarita kI racanA kI thI / ataeva kavi kA samaya IsA kI dasavIM zatAbdI hai / ekAdaza zatAbdI 11. pArzvanAthacarita' : ( vAdirAz2a) pArzvanAtha carita kI sargAnta puSpikA meM isakA nAma pArzvanAtha jinezvaracarita aura yazodharacarita meM kAkutsthacarita kahA gayA hai / isa caritakAvya meM 12 sarga haiN| yaha bhI eka mahAkAvya hai, jisameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA caritra-citraNa kiyA gayA hai / 12. yazodharacarita : ( vAdirAja) isameM cAra sarga haiM, kavi ne sargAnta puSpikA meM mahAkAvya kahA hai / parantu yaha eka khaNDakAvya hai / yazodharacarita meM rAjA yazodhara kI kathA varNita hai / ahiMsA kA prabhAva dikhAne ke lie rAjA yazodhara kI kathA jaina dharma meM bahu-pracalita rahI hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM (pArzvanAthacarita aura yazodharacarita) ke racayitA vAdirAja haiN| vAdirAja ke guru kA nAma matisAgara aura guru ke guru kA nAma zrIpAla deva thA / pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA zaka saM0 947 (san 1025 I0) meM huI thI / 13. nAgakumAracarita' : (malliveNa) * nAgakumAracarita pA~ca sargAtmaka kAvya haiM isameM zrutapaMcamI vrata kA mAhAtmya prakaTa karane 1. jinaratnakoza, pR0 19 3. mA0 di0 jaina granthamAlA bambaI se vi0 saM0 1973 meM prakAzita 5. karnATaka yUnivarsiTI dhAravAr3a se 1963 I0 meM prakAzita 6.iti vAdirAjaviracite yazodharacarite mahAkAvye - sargaH 11 yazodharacarita sargAnta puSpikA / 7.hastalikhita prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura meM hai 2. draSTavya - tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0 11-12 4. yazodharacarita, 1/6

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa ke lie nAgakumAra kA carita nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / nAgakumAra jaina paramparAnusAra 22veM kAmadeva haiM / kAvya sarala aura bhASA pravAhamayI hai / bhAvanAoM kA bar3A hI sUkSma citraNa prastuta hai / racayitAH : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA malliSeNa haiM, jo jinasena ke ziSya aura kanakasena ke praziSya the| nAgakumAra carita kI prazasti meM malliSeNa ne apane guru kA nAma narendrasena likhA hai| ye narendrasena jinasena ke bhAI the| ataH sambhava hai ki donoM hI bhAI inake guru rahe heN| malliSNa ne apane mahApurANa kI samApti zaka saM0 969 (san1047 I0) meM kI thii| kAdirAja ne (san 1025 I0) meM inake guru narendrasena kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataH vAdirAja ke samakAlIna yA kucha hI pazcAdvartI ye rahe hoMge, aisA nizcita hai| dvAdaza zatAbdI 14. triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita : (hema candra) triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita meM jaina dharmamAnya tirasaTha zalAkApuruSoM kA carita varNita hai yaha 10 poM meM vibhakta kAvya racanA hai / antima parva sabase vizAla hai, jisameM tIrthakara mAvIra kA jIvana carita varNita hai / vAstava meM ise kAvya na kahakara purANa kahA jAnA caahiye| 15. kumArapAlacarita' : hima candra) isa kAvya ke 18 sarga haiM, jisameM 10 saMskRta bhASA meM tathA 8 prAkRta meM likhe gaye haiN| isako yAtraya mahAkAvya bhI kahate haiN| yaha eka aitihAsika.mahAkAvya hai| yaha kAvya cAlukya vaMzIya nareza kumArapAla para likhA gayA hai / kumArapAla para jainoM ne aneka kAvya likhe haiM / yadyapi ye zaiva the, parantu jainadharma meM unakI agAdha zraddhA thii| racayitA : racanAkAla ukta donoM caritakAvyoM (triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita, kumArapAlacarita) ke racayitA hemacandra haiM, jo gurjara nareza siddharAja jayasiMha ke samakAlIna prasiddha zvetAmbara vidvAn the / triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki isakI racanA inhoMne cAlukya rAjA kumArapAla ke anurodha para kI thii| DA0 dulhara ne isakI racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1215-1228 mAnA hai / 1.nAgakumAracarita, prazasti padya, 4-5 2.mahApurANa padha-2 3.zuddhayanItinarendrasenamakalaMkavAdirAjaM sadA / zrImatsvAmisamantabhadramatulaM vande jinendraM mudA / / -nyAvavinizcayavivaraNa prazasti padya 2 kA uttarArdha 4.jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA, bhAvanagara se prakAzita 1906 se 1913 I0 taka 5.bhANDArakara oriyaMTala sIrIja pUnA 1936 I0, dvitIya saMskaraNa 60 - kumArapAla-carita, parva10,prazasti padya,16-20 7.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-76

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12 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 16. dharmanAthacarita : nimi candra) yaha carita kAvya jaina dharma ke pandrahaveM tIrthaGkara dharmanAtha para likhA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA nemicandra haiM, jinhoMne dharmanAthacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1212 (san 1155 I0) meM kI thI / saMbhavataH ye vahI nemicandra haiM jinhoMne vi0 saM0 1213 (san 1156 I0) meM prAkRta meM ananta-nAha-cariya kI racanA kI thii| 17. dvisaMdhAna mahAkAvya' : (ghanaJjaya) isa saMdhAna kAvya meM Adyanta rAma aura kRSNa kA carita nirvAha saphalatA ke sAtha kiyA hai / yaha kAvya 18 sargAtmaka hai / isakA dUsarA nAma rAghavapANDavIya bhI hai / eka sAtha rAmAyaNa tathA mahAbhArata kI kathA kuzalatApUrvaka nibaddha hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa mahAkAvya ke racayitA mahAkavi ghanaJcaya haiM / dvisandhAna kAvya ke antima padya kI vyAkhyA meM TIkAkAra ne inake pitA kA nAma vAsudeva, mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI aura guru kA nAma dazaratha sUcita kiyA hai / kavi ke sthitikAla ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM matabheda haiM / DA0 ke0 vI0 pATaka ne inakA samaya I0 san 1123-1140 ke madhya mAnA hai / DA0 e0 bI0 kItha ne bhI pAThaka kA mata hI svIkAra kiyA hai| 18. dhanyakumAracarita : (guNa bhadra muni) yaha caritakAvya sAta soM vAlA kAvya hai / jisameM (guNabhadra ke) uttarapurANa ke AdhAra para anuSTup chandoM meM dhanyakumAra kA jIvanacaritra varNita kiyA gayA hai / dhanyakumAra bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna rAjagRha ke zreSThiputra the / racayitA : racanAkAla dhanyakumAra carita ke racayitA guNabhadramuni the, jo candela nareza paramAdi ke zAsana kAla meM huye haiM / ye nemisena ke ziSya aura mANikya sena ke praziSya the / lalitapura ke pAsa, madanapura se prApta abhilekhoM se jJAta hotA hai ki 1182 I0 meM mahobA ke candelavaMzI rAjA paramAdideva para pRthivIrAja (somezvara ke putra) ne AkramaNa kiyA thaa| isa AdhAra para samakAlIna hone se inakA samaya 12 vIM zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai / 2.bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI,1914 meM prakAzita 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6, pR0 104 3.e hisTrI Apha saMskRta liTrecara, e0 bI0 kItha, pR0-173 4.Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura meM isakI hastalikhita prati hai| 5.tIrthapura mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-59 6.vahI, pR060

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 19. amamasvAmicarita' : (muni ratna sUri ) yaha bIsa sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai, jisameM bhAvI tIrthaGkara amama kA carita nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / jisameM zrIkRSNa ke jIva ko AgAmI utsarpiNIkAla meM amama nAmaka tIrthaMGkara hone kI kathA varNita hai / jisameM prasaMgavaza aneka avAMtara kathAyeM bhI AI haiM / I bIsaveM tIrthaMkara para munisuvratacarita hone kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ina kAvyoM ke racayitA muniralasUri haiM jo candragacchIya samudraghoSa ke ziSya the / samudraghoSasUri candraprabhasUri ke praziSya aura dharmaghoSasUri ke ziSya the / amamasvAmicarita kI racanA unhoMne vi0 saM0 1252 (1195 I0) meM kI thI / ataH inakA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA anta hai / 13 20. pANDavacarita : (deva prabha sUri) yaha eka 18 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai jisameM mahAbhArata ke parvoM ke anusAra 18 parvoM kA kathAnaka hai / prAyaH isameM paurANika zailI prayukta huI hai| isake chaThe sarga meM nalopAkhyAna, 16 veM sarga meM tIrthaMGkara neminAtha kA carita varNana aura 18veM sarga meM pANDavoM kA nirvANa tathA baladeva kA svargagamana vAta hai / 21. mRgAvatIcarita: : (deva prabha sUri ) isa caritakAvya meM vatsarAja udayana kI mAtA kA carita varNita hai / ve rAjA ceTaka kI putrI aura tIrthaMkara mahAvIra kI upAsikA thI / isameM udayana tathA vAsavadattA kA caritra bhI varNi huA hai| madhya meM prasaMgavaza avAntara kathAyeM bhI AyI haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM caritakAvyoM ke racayitA devaprabhasUri haiM / pANDavacarita kI prazasti se patA calatA hai ki devaprabhasUri maladhArI gaccha ke the / unhoMne isa grantha ko devAnanda sUri ke anurodha para racA thA / inakA racanAkAla 12vIM zatAbdI tathA 16vIM zatAbdI kA sandhikAla hai / trayodaza zatAbdI 22. sanatkumAracarita : ( jinapAla upAdhyAya) isa caritakAvya meM caturtha cakravartI sanatkumAra kA caritra 24 sargoM meM varNita hai / kAvya 1.panyAsamaNivijaya granthamAlA ahamadAbAda se vi0 saM0 1998 meM prakAzita 2. saMskRta sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka itihAsa, bhAga-1, rAmajI upAdhyAya 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-120 4. nirNayasAgara kAvyamAlA sIrIja, 1911 I0 meM prakAzita 5. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1909 I0 meM prakAzita 6. hastalikhita prati - zrI agaracandra jI nAhaTA bIkAnera ke vyaktigata bhaNDAra meM hai /

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14 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana meM dhArmikatA kA abhAva hai / ataH jaina darzana tathA AcAra kA pratipAdana isameM nahIM ke barAbara hai / zAstrIya niyamoM aura kAvyatva kI dRSTi se utkRSTa hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ___ sanatkumAracarita ke racayitA jinapAla upAdhyAya haiM / ye candrakula kI pravaravaja zAkhA ke jinapatisUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne 1205 I0 meM SaTsthAnavRtti kI racanA kI thii| ataeva inakA samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha honA cAhie / 23. pArzvanAthacarita': (mANikya candra sUri) pArzvanAthacarita 10 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isameM 6770 zloka pramANa haiM / isameM aMgIrasa zAnta hai / anya rasoM kA aMgarUpa meM upayoga huA hai / kAvya anuSTup chanda meM nibaddha hai / yaha kAvya abhI taka aprakAzita hai / 24. zAntinAthacarita': (mANikya candra sUri) yaha carita 8 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / jisameM zAntinAtha bhagavAn kA carita nibaddha hai| isakI bhASA atyanta sarala hai| racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta donoM carita kAvyoM ke racayitA mANikyacandrasUri haiM, jo rAjagacchIya nemicandra ke praziSya aura sAgaracandra ke ziSya the| ye mahAmAtya vastupAla ke samakAlIna the| inhoMne pArzvanAtha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1286 (san 1229 I0) meM kI thii| isase inakA samaya 13vIM zatAbdI hai| 25. saMghapaticarita': (udayaprabha sUri) isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma dharmAbhyudaya bhI hai| mahAmAtya vastupAla ne giranAra kI tIrthayAtrA ke lie eka saMgha nikAlA thaa| usake vastupAla saMrakSaka yA saMghapati the| isI ko AdhAra mAnakara kavi ne isakA nAma saMghapaticarita rakhA thA / dharmAbhyudaya nAma bhI pracalita hai / isameM dharma ke abhyudaya ke lie kiye gaye vastupAla ke kArya varNita haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ saMghapaticarita kAvya ke racayitA zrI udayaprabhasUri haiM, jo AcArya vijayasenasUri ke ziSya the| unhoMne 1233 I0 ke pUrva hI isa kAvya kI racanA kI thii| 1.jaina sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, pR0-395 (mo0 da0 desAI) 2.hastalikhita prati zAntinAtha bhaNDAra khambhAta meM hai| 3.tAr3apatrIya prati hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAna mandira pATana meM hai| 4.jinaralakoza, pR0-245 5.dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya nAma se siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI se vi0 saM0 2005 meM prakAzita 6.draSTavya - dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya,zrI kanaiyAlAla mA0 dave likhita grantha paricaya, pR0-40

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 26. caturvizatijinendracarita': (amara sUri) yaha carita kAvya 24 adhyAyoM tathA 1802 padyoM meM racita hai / isameM 24 tIrthaMkaroM kA kramazaH saMkSipta jIvanacarita varNita hai / isameM kAvya tattvoM kA abhAva hai / 27. ambaDacarita': (amara sUri) vizeSa rUpa se zvetAmbara jaina paramparA meM bauddhoM kI taraha pratyeka buddhoM kI kalpanA kI gaI hai / isa kAvya meM ambaDa nAmaka pratyeka buddha kA varNana kiyA hai jo sarala kintu sazakta gadya meM likhA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla __uparyukta donoM caritoM ke racayitA amarasUri haiM, jinhoMne bAlabhArata kI racanA kI thii| ye vAtharagacchIya jinadattasUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne 13vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha meM aneka kAvyoM kI racanA kI thii| 28. dhanyazAli-carita': (zrI pUrNa candra sUri) isa kAvya meM 6 pariccheda tathA 15 padyAtmaka prazasti haiM / isameM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ke samakAlIna rAjagRha ke nivAsI dhanyakumAra aura zAlibhadra nAmaka do zreSThiyoM kA varNana hai / 29. atimuktakacarita: (zrI pUrNa candra sUri) atimuktakacarita meM kumAra atimuktaka kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / ye tIrthakara mahAvIra ke samaya ke eka rAjakumAra the| 30. katapuNyacaritaH (zrI pUrNa candra sUri) isa carita kAvya meM kRtapuNya seTha kA caritra citraNa nibaddha hai / racayitA : racanAkAla Upara likhita tInoM caritoM ke racayitA zrI pUrNacandrasUri haiM, jo jinapati sUri ke ziSya the / dhanyazAlibhadra kAvya kI prazasti meM unhoMne apanI guru paramparA kA ullekha karate hue grantha praNayana kA samaya vi0 saM0 1285 (san 1228 I0) meM aura sthAna jaisalamera batalAyA hai| 31. vAsupUjyacarita': (zrI vardhamAna sari) / yaha caritakAvya 4 sargoM kA kAvya hote hue bhI vizAla kAvya (mahAkAvya) hai / 1.gAyakavAr3a aurayinTala sIrIja bar3audA, 1932 I0 meM prakAzita 2.hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1910 I0 meM prakAzita 3.jinadatta sUrijJAna bhaNDAra sUrata,1934 I0 meM prakAzita 4.jinadatta sUri prAcIna pustakodvAra phaNDa sUrata, 1944 I0 meM prakAzita 5.jinaratnakoza, pR0-95 6.dhanyazAlibhadrakAvya, prazasti padya, 11-12 7.jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara 1909 tathA hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1928 I0 meM prakAzita

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16 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana AhlAdanAMkita isa kAvya kI bhASA sarala, sAlaMkAra, tathA varNanAnukUla hai / kAvya meM yatra-tatra dhArmikatA evaM dArzanikatA bhI hai / adhikAMza kAvya anuSTup chanda meM likhA gayA hai, para vasantatilakA chanda kA bhI prayoga huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ vAsupUjyacarita kAvya ke racayitA zrI vardhamAnasUri haiM / grantha prazasti ke anusAra ye nAgendragacchIya vijayasiMhasUri ke ziSya the / vAsupUjya carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1299 (san 1242 I) meM aNahillapura meM huI thii| yaha hI inakA ekamAtra kAvya upalabdha hotA hai| 32. dharmazarmAbhyudaya : (mahAkavi harizcandra) isa mahAkAvya meM 15veM tIrthaGkara dharmanAtha kA carita varNita hai / isakI kathAvastu 21 sargoM meM vibhakta hai / dharma-zarma (dharma aura zAnti) ke abhyudaya ke varNana kA lakSya hone se kavi ne prastuta mahAkAvya kA yaha nAmakaraNa kiyA hai / kAvya kI kathAvastu uttarapurANa se grahaNa kI 33. jIvaMdhara campUH (mahAkavi harizcandra) jIvandhara campU meM puNyapuruSa jIvandhara kA carita varNita kiyA gayA hai / isakI kathAvastu 11 stambhoM meM vibhakta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla donoM kAvyoM ke racayitA mahAkavi harizcandra haiM / grantha meM dI gayI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki kavi rAjamAnya kula ke the / ye digambara matAnuyAyI the| pATana bhaNDAra ke upalabdha dharmazarmAbhyudaya kI saM0 1297 kI sarvaprathama racanA upalabdha hai / ataH vidvAnoM kA mata hai ki ukta kAvya kI racanA saM0 1257 se 1287 ke bIca kabhI huI hai| 34. munisuvratacarita': (arhadAsa) yaha kAvya 10 soM meM vibhakta zAstrIya racanA hai, jisameM 20veM tIrthakara munisuvrata kI kathA varNita hai / isakA kathAnaka guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa para AdhArita tathA bhASA AlaMkArika 35. purudeva camyU: (arhadAsa) ___yaha campUkAvya Adi tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva (AdinAtha) ke carita para varNita hai / isameM 10 stavaka haiM / kavi ne gadya va padya donoM hI praur3ha rUpa meM likhe haiM / isameM kAvyAtmakatA ke sabhI 1.draSTavya - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-102 2.kAvyamalA 8, nirNayasAgara presa, bambaI, 1933 3.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 489-490 4.devakumAra granthamAlA, jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA, 1919 meM prakAzita 5.jinaratnakoza, pR0-312 6.bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI,1972 I0

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa guNa vidyamAna haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla 1 ina donoM kAvyoM ke racayitA kA nAma arhadAsa hai / granthoM ke Antarika anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki ye pahale jainAnuyAyI nahIM the / vaidika purANoM tathA hindU dharma kA unheM pragAr3ha parijJAna thA / ye sAgAra - dharmAmRta Adi ke racayitA paM0 AzAdhara ke samakAlIna the / kyoMki munisuvratacarita meM unhoMne svayaM likhA hai ki maiMne AzAdhara kI uktiyoM se satpatha pAyA hai / 2 zrI pArzvanAtha jinadAsa phar3akule inakA samaya IsA kI terahavIM zatAbdI mAnate haiM / jinaralakoza meM arhadAsa ko paM0 AzAdhara kA ziSya kahA hai / parantu ye unake ziSya nahIM balki unase prabhAvita avazya the, aisA sunizcita hai / 36. zAntinAthacarita: ( ajita prabha sUri ) yaha chaH sargAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM zantinAtha bhagavAn kA caritra nibaddha hai / 17 racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma ajitaprabhasUri hai jo paurNamikagaccha ke vIraprabhasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne zAntinAthacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1307 (san 1250 I0) meM kI thI / inakI guru paramparA isa prakAra hai - candrasUri - devasUri tilakaprabha vIraprabha - ajitaprabha / " 37. pratyekabuddhacarita: (lakSmI tilakagaNi) -> -> ->> isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma pratyekabuddha mahArAjarSicatuSkacaritra bhI hai / pratyekabuddhacarita meM karakaNDu, dvimukha, nami aura naggati nAmaka cAra pratyeka buddhoM kA carita varNita hai / yaha 17 sarga vAlA kAvya hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA lakSmItilakagaNi haiM / inake sAtha-sAtha jinaratnasUri bhI isa kAvya ke racayitA haiM / ye donoM jinezvarasUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne pratyekabuddhacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1311 (1254 I0) meM kI thI / " I 1 38. abhayakumAracarita: (candra tilaka sUri) yaha dvAdaza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isameM mahArAjA zreNika ( bimbasAra ) ke putra 1. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga - 4, pR0-53 3. purudeva campU bhUmikA, pR0-4 5. jinaratnakoza, pR0 379 7. jaisalamera bRhad bhaNDAra meM isakI do hastalikhita pratiyA~ haiM / 8. jinaralakoza, pR0 263 9. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6, pR0 164 10. jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA, bhAvanagara, 1917 I0 meM do bhAgoM meM prakAzita 2. munisuktacarita, pR0 1/64-65 4. jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara 1916 I0 meM prakAzita 6. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 107

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18 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana abhayakumAra kA bar3A hI sundara rucikara AkhyAna nibaddha hai / bhASA muhAvaredAra tathA lokoktiparaka / kAvya sabhI dRSTiyoM se utkRSTa hai / hai racayitA : racanAkAla abhayakumAracarita ke racayitA candratilaka upAdhyAya haiN| ye candragacchIya the / inakI guru paramparA isa prakAra hai- vardhamAnasUri - jinezvarasUri - jinavallabhasUri - jinadattasUrijinacandrasUri - jinapatisUri - jinezvarasUri candratilaka upAdhyAya / abhayakumAracarita -> kI racanA vi0 saM0 1312, (san 1255 I0) meM huI thI / 39. mallinAthacarita' : (vinaya candra sUri ) yaha carita 8 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM 19 veM tIrthaMGkara mallinAtha kA carita varNita hai / madhya meM mahAsatI damayantI kA kathAnaka bhI AyA hai / 40. pArzvanAthacarita: (vinaya candra sUri ) 1 yaha eka cinayAMkita mahAkAvya hai / isameM dhArmika vicAradhArAoM kA acchA pratipAdana huA hai| yaha abhI taka mudrita nahIM huA hai| isakI do hastalikhita pratiyA~ hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAna mandira pATana meM haiM / kAvya sarala evaM prasAdaguNayukta hai / racayitA : racanAkAla Upara varNita caritoM ke racayitA kA nAma vinayacandrasUri hai / grantha prazasti ke anusAra inakI vaMza paramparA isa prakAra hai- candragacchIya zIlaguNasUri - mAnatuMgasUri - , raviprabhasUri - (1) narasiMhasUri, (2) narendrasUri, (3) vinayacandrasUri / inakA sAhityakAla vi0 saM0 1286 se 1345 taka (1229-1288 I0) taka mAnA jAtA hai / " 41. pArzvanAthacarita' : (sarvAnanda sUri ) yaha carita 5 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM 156 pRSTha nahIM haiN| kula 345 pRSTha haiN| yaha atyanta jIrNa avasthA meM upalabdha kAvya hai / 42. candraprabhacarita' : (sarvAnanda sUri ) yaha 13 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isameM Azcaryajanaka avAntara kathAoM tathA dhArmika upadezoM kI bharamAra hai / jisase yaha kAvya nIrasa sA lagatA hai / 43. jagaDDu-carita: ( sarvAnanda sUri) isa kAvya meM 7 sarga haiM / aitihAsika dRSTi se isakA bar3A hI mahattva hai| kyoMki isameM 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-193 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 12 3. hastalikhita prati hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAna mandira pATana meM hai| 4. bhUrAbhAI harSacandra yantrAlaya, vArANasI, 2438 6. tADapatrIya prati saMghavI pADA bhaNDAra pATana meM hai 8. 60 likhita prati hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAna mandira pATana meM hai 5. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, pR0 123 7. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad hatihAsa, pR0 121

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa rAjA bIsaladeva kA varNana aura 1255-58 I0 ke gujarAta ke bhISaNa kAla kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ varNita tInoM kAvyoM ke racayitA kA nAma sarvAnandasUri hai / sarvAnandasUri sudharmAgacchIya zIlabhadrasUri ke praziSya aura guNaratnasUri ke ziSya the / candraprabhacarita ke anta meM prApta guruparamparA isa prakAra hai - jayasiMha - candraprabhasUri - dharmaghoSasUri - zIlabhadrasUri - srvaanNdsuuri| inhoMne pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA 1234 I02 tathA candraprabhacarita kI racanA 1245 I0 meM kI thI / ataeva inakA samaya 13vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha hai| 44. zAntinAthacarita: (muni deva sUri) __yaha sAta sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM purANoM kI taraha alaukika va Azcaryajanaka prasaMgoM kA pUrNatA se prayoga huA hai / kAvya meM anuSTup - chanda kA prayoga hai / sarga ke anta meM chandaparivartana hai / bhASA sarala evaM prasAdaguNayukta hai / racayitA : racanAkAla zAntinAthacarita ke racayitA munidevasUri haiM / ye vRhadgacchIya madanacandrasUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne zAntinAthacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1322 (san 1265 I0) meM kI thii| 45. zreyAMsanAthacarita': (mAna tuMga sUri) yaha 13 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / sargoM kA nAmakaraNa viSayavastu ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai / sargAnta meM bhAvI kathAnaka kI saMkSepa meM sUcanA de dI gaI hai| racayitA : racanAkAla zreyAMsanAthacarita ke racayitA mAnatuMgasUri haiM / ye ratnaprabhasUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne zreyAMsanAthacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1332 (san 1275 I0) meM kI thii| 46. prabhAvakacarita': (prabhA candra) yaha bar3A hI mahattvapUrNa grantha hai / kyoMki isameM vikrama kI prathama zatAbdI se 13 vIM zatAbdI taka ke AcAryoM ke caritra nibaddha haiM / sampUrNa-saMskRta sAhitya meM yaha apane DhaMga kA ekamAtra caritra kAvya hai| racayitA : racanAkAla prabhAvaka carita ke racayitA prabhAcandra haiM / prabhAcandra candrakulIya rAjagaccha ke candraprabha ke ziSya 1.draSTavya - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 -18 2.jinaratnakoza, pR0 - 245 3.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 98 4 .10li. prati hemacandrAcArya jaina jJAna mandira pATana meM hai 5.baina AtmAnaMda sabhA bhAvanagara se gujarAtI bhASAntara 1953 I0 meM prakAzita 6.jinaralakoza, pR0 400 7.nirSavasAgara presa bambaI, sampA0 paM0 harinanda zarmA,1909 I0 meM prakAzita

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20 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana the| prabhAcandra ne prabhAvaka carita kI racanA hemacandra ke svargavAsa ke 80 varSa bAda vi0 saM0 1334 (san 1277 I0) meM kI thii| isakA saMzodhana AcArya pradyumnasUri ne kiyA thaa|' 47. zreNikacarita' : (jinaprabhasUri) zreNika carita aSTAdaza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| isameM rAjA zreNika (bimbasAra) kA carita varNita hai| kAvya meM dhArmika bhAvanA kA atIva pradarzana huA hai| prastuta kAvya ke adhyayana se tatkAlIna samAja kI jAnakArI milatI hai / isa samaya bauddhoM kA bAhulya thaa|' racayitA : racanAkAla zreNika carita, jinaprabhasUri dvArA racita kAvya hai / ye laghukharataragaccha ke saMsthApaka jinasiMhasUri ke praziSya the| tatkAlIna bhArata kA bAdazAha muhammada tugalaka jinaprabhasUri kA bahuta sammAna karatA thA / jinaprabhasUri ne zreNikacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 (san 1299 I0) meM kI thii| 48. zAntinAthacarita : (rAmacandramumukSa) yaha grantha adyAvadhi anupalabdha hai / isameM zAntinAtha bhagavAn kA caritra varNita hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ___puNyAtraya kathAkoza ke racayitA ke rUpa meM prasiddha rAmacandra mumukSa ne zAntinAthacarita 13 vIM zatAbdI meM racA / kannar3a kavi nAgarAja ne 1331 I0 meM racita campU meM inakI kRti kA ullekha kiyA hai| ataeva ve unase pUrvavartI to haiM hii| 49. zAlibhadracarita' : (dharmakumAra) ___ yaha sAta sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isakA kathAnaka hemacandrAcArya ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita ke 10veM parva mahAvIra carita se liyA gayA hai| isameM mahAvIra ke samakAlIna eka dhanI gRhastha zAlibhadra kA carita nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla zAlibhadracarita ke racanAkAra dharmakumAra haiM / ye nAgendra kula ke bibudhaprabha ke ziSya theM / unhoMne zAlibhadracarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1334 (1277 I0) meM kI thii| 50. zreNikacarita' : (devendra sUri) isa carita kAvya meM 729 padya haiM / madhya meM prAkRta padyoM kA bhI samAveza hai / isameM 1.draSTavya - jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-205 2.jaina dharma vidyA prasAraka varga pAlitAnA se 7 sarga prakAzita, zeSa jaina zAstra bhaNDAra sambhAta meM hastalikhita prati surakSita hai| 3.draSTavya - jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja, pR0 462 4skaMdAsyeSu kRzAnuzIlagamite saMvatsare vaikrame / bAlendu pratipattithau viSagate sampUrNamevacchanau / Adarzavyadhite dayAkaramuniH kAvyapriyo'smAdibham / Arambhasya nimittabhAvamabhajantasyaiva cAbhyarthana ||-shrennikc0,pr0p0 - 2 5.tIrthAra mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR070-71 6.yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA banArasa 1910 I0 meM prakAzita 7.jinaratnakoza, pR0 282 8.RSabhadeva kezarImala zvetAmbara jaina saMsthA, ratalAma,1937 I0 meM prakAzita

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 21 rAjA zreNika tathA usakI pArivArika, dhArmika ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai / yaha eka vizuddha dhArmika caritakAvya hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA devendrasUri haiM jo jagaccandrasUri ke ziSya the / inakA svargavAsa vi0 saM0 1327 meM (san 1270 I0 meM) huA thA / ataH inakA kAla isase pUrva nizcita hai / 51. nemicarita' : (vikrama) yaha kAvya nirNayasAgara presa bambaI se hindI padyAnuvAda sahita evaM indaura se "nemidUta" nAma se chapA hai / kintu isakA yathArtha nAma nemicarita hai / kavi ne svayaM likhA hai I : "zrImannemeH caritavizadaM sAMgaNasyAMgajanmA / cakre kAvyaM budhajanamanaH prItaye vikramAkhyaH / / aura sabase bar3I bAta to yaha hai ki isa kAvya meM dUta nAma kI koI vastu hai hI nahIM / isa kAvya meM meghadUta ke 125 zlokoM ko apanAyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA sAMgaNa ke putra vikrama the / zrI nAthUrAma premI ne inakA samaya 13 vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai aura vinayasAgara ne 14vIM zatAbdI / terahavIM zatAbdI ke ukta caritakAvyoM ke atirikta aneka anya kAvya bhI upalabdha haiM / inameM vAsavasena kRta yazodharacarita mahattvapUrNa kAvya hai / isakI hastalikhita prati bambaI ke sarasvatI bhavana aura jayapura ke bAbA dulIcandra bhaNDAra meM hai 14 1 caturdaza zatAbdI 52. puNDarIkacarita : ( kamala prabha sUri ) yaha caritakAvya ATha sargoM meM vibhakta paurANika mahAkAvya hai / prathama do sargoM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva aura bharata bAhubali kA varNana hai / isake bAda puNDarIka kA caritra nibaddha hai / zvetAmbara mAnyatA ke anusAra puNDarIka bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke prathama gaNadhara the / isameM kahIM-kahIM para gadya 1 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 - 190 2. nirNayasAgara presa bambaI evaM di0 jainAgama prakAzana samiti koTA se vi0 saM0 samiti indaura se bhI isI nAma se vI0 ni0 saM0 2500 meM prakAzita 4. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 - 549 6. jaina sAhitya saMzodhana pUnA, 1825 I0 "bRhaTTipaNikA' meM prakAzita 2005 meM prakAzita / vIra nirvANa grantha prakA0 3. nemidUta (indaura prakAzana) padya 126 5. vahI, pR0 289 kI pAda TippaNI - 1

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kA bhI prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya meM prAkRta ke gadya-padya bhI A gaye haiM / isameM mahAkAvya ke niyamoM kA pAlana nahIM huA hai / aisA pratIta hotA hai ki kavi ko zAstrIya jJAna nahIM thaa| racayitA : racanAkAla __puNDarIka carita kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma "kamalaprabhasUri" hai| ve pUrNiyAgaccha ke ratnaprabhasUri ke ziSya the / grantha prazasti meM inhoMne apanI lambI guru paramparA dI hai| puNDarIkacarita kI racanA kavi ne gujarAta prAMta ke dhavalaka (dholakA) nagara meM vi0 saM0 1372 (1315 I0) meM kI thii| 53. mahApuruSacarita': (mestuMga sUri) yaha carita 5 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM RSabhadeva, ajitanAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina pA~ca tIrthaGkaroM kA jIvana carita varNita hai| 54. kAmadevacarita': (mestuMga sUri) ___yaha carita bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna eka dhanI dhArmika gRhastha kAmadeva para racita hai / isakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1409 (1352 I0) hai / 55. saMbhavanAthacarita': (mestuMga sari) tRtIya tIrthakara saMbhavanAtha para racita yaha caritakAvya hai jo vi0 saM0 1413 (1356I0) meM racita hai| racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta tInoM caritakAvyoM ke racayitA merutuMgasUri haiM / ye aMcala gaccha ke AcArya hai| kAmadevacarita tathA saMbhavacarita kI racanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI hai| 56. zAntinAthacarita': (muni bhadra sUri) isa mahAkAvya meM 18 sarga haiM jisameM stutiyoM kA prAdhAnya hai / avAntara kathAoM kA bhI prayoga huA hai / bhASA praur3ha, sAlaMkAra aura svAbhAvika hai / kavi ne isa kAvya kI racanA, raghuvaMza mahAkAvya, kirAtArjunIya, zizupAlavadha aura naiSadhIyacarita ke samakakSa jaina sAhitya meM kAvya nirmANa ke lie kI hai| racayitA : racanAkAla yaha caritakAvya "munibhadrasUri" racita hai / grantha prazasti meM munibhadrasUri ne apanA paricaya diyA hai / ye vRhadgaccha ke guNabhadrasUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne zAntinAthacarita kI racanA vi0 - 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga -6, pR0 - 182 2.jinaratmakoza, pR0-84 3.vahI, pR0-vahI 4.jinaralakoza, pR0-422 5.yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA banArasa 0 ni0 saMvat 2437 meM prakAzita 6.zAntinadhacarita, prazasti padya,13-14

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa saM0 1410 (1353 I0) meM kI thI / 57. pArzvanAthacarita' : ( bhAva deva sUri) I yaha ATha sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isake AThoM sargoM meM kramazaH 885, 1065, 162, 254, 13, 60, 836, 393 padya haiM / anta meM 30 padyAtmaka prazasti haiN| paMcama sarga se pArzvanAtha kA carita prArambha hotA hai| bIca-bIca meM avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza hai jinameM mukhya rUpa se dharma kA upadeza diyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla pArzvanAthacarita kAvya ke racayitA "bhAvadevasUri" haiM / grantha prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki khANDilagaccha ke candrakula meM bhAvadevasUri nAmaka eka vidvAn hue haiN| jinake tIna ziSya the - 1. vijayasiMhasUri, 2 . vIrasUri, aura 3. jinadevasUri / pArzvanAthacarita ke racanAkAra bhAvadevasUri ina tInoM meM se jinadevasUri ke ziSya the / pArzvanAthacarita kI racanA kavi ne vi0 saM0 1412 (1355 I0) meM pattana nAmaka nagara meM kI thI / ataH bhAvadevasUri 14 vIM zatI ke vidvAna haiN| 58. neminAthacarita: (kIrti rAja upAdhyAya) hai yaha 12 sargoM meM vibhakta mahAkAvya hai / isakI bhASA praur3ha kintu madhura evaM prasAdaguNa yukta / isa kAvya meM anya kAvyoM kI taraha pUrvajanmoM kA vivecana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / dvitIya sarga kA prabhAta kAla kA varNana evaM aSTama sarga kA SaDRRtuoM kA varNana atyanta manohArI hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA kharataragacchIya zrI kIrtirAja upAdhyAya haiM / inhoMne neminAthacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1415 (1358 I0) meM kI thI / 59. varAMgacarita: (vardhamAna bhaTTAraka ) varAMgacarita trayodaza sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isameM zrIkRSNa aura neminAtha ke samakAlIna varAMgakumAra ke dhIrodatta jIvana ke vibhinna pahaluoM para prakAza DAlA hai / vibhinna ghaTanAoM ko nATakIya rUpa pradAna kara kavi ne unheM sajIva banA diyA hai| I racayitA : racanAkAla varAMgacarita kAvya ke racayitA vardhamAna bhaTTAraka haiM jo mUla saMgha balAtkAragaNa sarasvatIgacchIya AcArya the / 7 balAtkAragaNa meM do bhaTTArakoM ke nAma milate haiM- prathama nyAyadIpikA ke racayitA . 1. antarikSarajatI hadIzvarabrahmavaktrazazisaMkhyavatsare / vikrame zucitayo jayAtithau zAntinAtha caritaM vyaracyata / / 2. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA banArasa vI0ni0 saM0 2438 meM prakAzita 4. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA bhAvanagara, vI0 ni0 saM0 2440 meM prakAzita 6. rAvajI sakhArAma dozI solApura, 1927 I0 meM prakAzita 23 zAntinAthacarita prazasti padya, 17 3. pArzvanAthacarita, prazasti padya, 4-14 5. . neminAthacaritra, 12/53 7. jinaralakoza, pR0 342

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24 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam H eka adhyayana dharmabhUSaNa ke guru aura dvitIya hummaca zilAlekha ke lekhaka / varAMg2acarita ke racayitA ina donoM meM prathama jAna par3ate haiM / DA0 darabArI lAla koThiyA ne dharmabhUSaNa ko sAyaNAcArya kA samakAlIna mAnate huye unakA samaya caudahavIM zatI kA uttarArddha tathA pandrahavIM zatI kA prathama pAda mAnA hai|' unake guru hone se inakA samaya caudahavIM zatAbdI kA madhya ThaharatA hai / 60. kumArapAla carita' : (jaya siMha sUri ) yaha dasa sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai| isameM gujarAta ke rAjA kumArapAla ke jIvanacaritra aura unake dhArmika kAryoM kA varNana hai / isakA AdhAra hemacandrAcArya kA kumArapAlacarita (dvayAzraya kAvya ) jAna par3atA hai 1 61. jinayugala carita : ( jaya siMha sUri ) isameM 10 prastAva haiM / prathama prastAva se chaThe prastAva taka 3100 zloka pramANa haiM / isameM RSabhadeva kA caritra varNita hai / tathAgacchIya jJAna bhaNDAra jaisalamera meM isakI tAr3apatrIya prati upalabdha hai / racayitA : racanAkAla -> - uparyukta donoM caritoM ke racayitA jayasiMhasUri haiN| ye kRSNAtrigacchIya mahendrasUri ke ziSya the / inakI guru paramparA isa prakAra hai - jayasiMhasUri ( prathama ) prasannacandra mahendrasUri jayasiMhasUri (dvitIya) - jayasiMhasUri (tRtIya) inameM jayasiMha sUri (tRtIya) hI prakRta kumArapAla tathA jinayugala carita ke racayitA the / inake guru mahendrasUri bAdazAha muhammadazAha dvArA sammAnita the / kumArapAla carita kI racanA inhoMne vi0 saM0 1422 (1365 I0) meM kI thii| 62. vardhamAnacarita : (bhaTTAraka padmanandi ) vardhamAnacarita kAvya meM 300 padya haiN| isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra kA jIvana caritra nibaddha hai / racayitA : racanAkAla vardhamAnacarita kAvya ke racayitA bhaTTAraka padmanandi haiN| ye prabhAcandra ke ziSya the / prabhAcandra kA paTTAbhiSeka 1253 I0 meM ratnakIrti ke paTTa para huA thaa| prabhAcandra 74 varSa taka paTTAdhIza rhe| prabhAcandra ne hI apane paTTa para inheM 1327 I0 meM niyukta kiyA thA / eka zilAlekha ke anusAra bhaTTAraka padmanandi ne 1393 I0 meM mUrtipratiSThA karAI thI / ' DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne inakA samaya IsA kI 14 vIM zatAbdI mAnA hai| 1. nyAyadIpikA prastAvanA, pR0 99-100 2.hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1915 I0 tathA gauDI jI jaina upAzraya pAyadhuni bambaI, 1926 I0 meM prakAzita 3.zrI agaracandra nAhaTA dvArA likhita (mahAvIra saMbandhI eka ajJAta saMskRta caritra, lekha, zramaNa varSa 26 aMka 1-2 navaM0 disaM0 74, pR053-56 4. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 225 6. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, pR0 323, bhAga-3 5. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, lekhAMka 239, pR0 236

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25 jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 63. dhanyazAlibhadracarita : (bhadra gupta) dhanyazAlibhadracarita meM zreNika (bimbasAra) aura bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samakAlIna dhanyakumAra aura zAlibhadra nAmaka do zreSThi kumAroM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / zvetAmbara sampradAya meM inheM pratyeka buddha kI zreNI meM rakhA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla dhanyazAlibhadracarita ke racayitA bhadragupta haiM jo rudrapallIyagaccha ke devagupta ke ziSya the| inhoMne isa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1428 (1371 I0) meM kI thii| 64. jambUsvAmIcarita' : (jaya zekhara sUri) yaha chaH sargoM vAlA kAvya hai / isameM bhagavAna mahAvIra ke antima gaNadhara aura 24veM kAmadeva jambUsvAmI kA carita varNita kiyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla jambUsvAmI carita ke racayitA jayazekharasUri haiM / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1436 (1379 I0) meM isa kAvya kI racanA kI hai / ye aMcalagaccha ke vidvAn the / 65. malayasundarIcarita : (jaya tilaka sUri) malayasundarIcarita 4 prastAvoM aura 824 padyoM kA kAvya hai / isameM malayasundarI kA bar3A hI rocaka upAkhyAna varNita hai / malayasundarI bhagavAna pArzvanAtha ke nirvANa se 100 varSa bAda utpanna huI thii| 66. harivikramacarita' : (jaya tilaka sari) yaha 12 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai / isameM harivikrama kA jIvana carita varNita haiM / 67. sulabhAcarita : (jaya tilaka sUri) yaha 8 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai jisameM sulabhA kA carita nibaddha hai| sulabhA, bhagavAna mahAvIra ke samaya zrAvikA saMgha kI pradhAna zrAvikA thI, jo apane samyaktva kI dRr3hatA ke liye prasiddha thii| racayitA : racanAkAla Upara varNita tInoM caritoM ke racayitA jayatilaka sUri haiM jo AtmAgacchIya AcArya the / inake samaya kI nizcita jAnakArI nahIM hai kintu sulabhAcarita kI prAcInatama prati vi0 saM0 1453 (1396 I0) kI milane ke kAraNa usase ye prAcIna haiN|" 1.jinaralakoza, pR0-188 3.jinaralakoza, pR0 132 5.malayasundarI carita, 8/824 7.jinaratnakoza, pR0 447 2.jaina AtmAnanda sabhA, bhAvanagara, gujarAtI anuvAda sahita 1913 meM prakAzita 4.devacandralAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhANDAgAra (1916 I0 meM prakAzita) 6.hIrAlAla haMsarAja, jAmanagara, 1916 I0 meM prakAzita

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26 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 68. RSabhadevacarita : (vAgbhaTa) yaha caritakAvya saMprati upalabdha nahIM hai / parantu vAgbhaTa ne apane kAvyAnuzAsana meM "yathA svopajJaRSabhadevacarita mahAkAvye" kahakara eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla RSabhadevacarita ke racayitA kAvyAnuzAsana praNetA vAgbhaTa haiN| ye vAgbhaTa neminirvANa tathA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke praNetA se bhinna haiN| ye mevAr3a ke prasiddha jaina zreSThI nemikumAra ke putra aura rAhaDa ke anuja the / inakA samaya IsA kI caudahavIM zatAbdI hai / 69. sthUlabhadra carita' : ( jayAnanda sUri ) isa kAvya meM sthUlabhadra kA carita aMkita hai / zvetAmbara sAhitya meM sthUlabhadra mAnya vyakti haiM / inakA ullekha vividha prAcIna granthoM meM milatA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla sthUlabhadra carita ke racayitA jayAnandasUri haiN| ye tapAgacchIya somatilakasUri ke ziSya the / inakA samaya IsA kI caudahavIM zatAbdI hai / paMcadaza zatAbdI 70. zAntinAthacarita : (bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti) yaha solaha adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / isameM paurANika tattva adhika haiM / 71. vIravardhamAnacarita' : (bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti) yaha carita 19 paricchedoM vAlA mahAkAvya hai / isake bIca-bIca meM dArzanika tathA dhArmika viSayoM kA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| 72. RSabhadeva carita : (bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti) yaha 20 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai jisameM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai / 73. yazodharacarita' : (bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti) isameM ATha sarga haiM jinameM yazodhara mahArAja kA lokapriya carita varNita kiyA gayA hai / isameM mukhya rUpa se ahiMsA kA mahattva pratipAdita hai / 1. yatpuSpadantamunisenamunIndramukhyaiH, pUrva kRtaM sukavibhistadahaMvidhitanu / hAsyAya kasya nanu nAsti tathApi santaH, zraNvantu kaMcana mamApi suyuktisUktim // (kAvyAnuzAsana nirNayasAgara dvi0saM0 pR0 . 15 ) 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 5, pR0 - 115 3.zreSThI devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthamAlA 1915 I0 meM prakAzita 4. jinaratnakoza, pR0 455 7. jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 1934 meM prakAzita 5. jinavANI prakAzana kalakattA, zAMtipurANa nAma se 1939 I0 meM prakAzita 6. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1974 I0 meM prakAzita 8. hastalikhita prati pArzvanAtha zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura meM hai

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27 jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 74. dhanyakumAracarita' : (mahAraka sakala kIti) yaha sAta sargAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM dhanyakumAra zreSThI kA carita gumphita kiyA gayA hai| 75. sukumAla carita : (bhahAraka sakala kIti) sukumAla carita 9 sagoM kA kAvya hai| isameM pUrvabhavoM kA citraNa karate hue batAyA hai ki eka janma meM liyA gayAvara kama-janmAntara taka duHkhadAyI hotA hai| 76. sudarzanacarita' : (bhaDAraka sakala kIti) isameM zIlavrata ke pAlana karane vAle dRr3hI, seTha sudarzana kA carita varNita hai jo 8 soM meM vibhakta hai| 77. zrIpAlacarita : (bhaTTAraka sakala kIti) __isa caritakAvya meM sAta pariccheda haiM / isameM zrIpAla kA kuSThI honA, samudra meM girA diyA jAnA, zUlI para car3hA diyA jAnA, Adi paramparAgata ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai / zrIpAla koTibhaTTa kahalAte the kyoMki inameM eka karor3a yoddhAoM ke barAbara bala thaa| 78. mallinAthacarita' : (bhaTTAraka sakala kIti) yaha sAta soM meM vibhakta, 874 zlokAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM mallinAtha ke carita ke sAtha sAtha grAma nagarAdi kA bar3A hI ramaNIya varNana kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla upayukta varNita sabhI kAvyoM ke racayitA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti haiM / vipulacaritakAvya praNayana kI dRSTi se bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA sthAna sarvotkRSTa hai / inake pitA kA nAma karmasiMha va mAtA kA nAma zobhA thaa| ye hUMbaDa jAti ke the aura aNahilapurapaTTana ke rahane vAle the|6 pro0 vidyAdhara joharApura ne sakalakIrti kA samaya vi0 saM0 1450 se 1510 (1393-1453 I0) mAnA hai| kintu DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne vibhinna pramANoM ke AdhAra para inakA kAla vi0 saM0 1443-1499 (1386-1442 I0) siddha kiyA hai| isa prakAra inakA samaya 14vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa tathA pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha rahA hai| 79. zrIdharacarita : (mANikya sundara sUri) ___yaha 9 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai / kavi kI kalpanA kA vaiziSTya Azcaryajanaka hai / zrIdharacarita kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1463 (1406 I0) meM kI thii| 1.hindI anuvada jaina bhAratI banArasa 1911 meM prakAzita 2. rAvajI sakhArAma dozI solApura, vI0ni0 saM0 2455 meM prakAzita 3.rAvajI sakhArAma dozI solApura, vI0ni0 saM0 2453 meM prakAzita 4.hastalikhita prati nayA mandira dillI meM hai 5.jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya kalakattA 1922 I0 meM prakAzita 6.bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0-158 7.vahI, pR0-158 8.tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-329 5.caritrasmAraka granthamAlA, pANDava pela, ahamadAbAda vi0 saM0 2007 meM prakAzita 10. draSTavya - jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 - 363

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28 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla zrIdharacarita kAvya ke racayitA mANikyasundarasUri haiM / ye AMcalikagacchIya merutuMgasUri ke ziSya the| inake vidyAguru jayazekhara sUri the / 80. jambUsvAmIcarita : (brahma jina dAsa ) yaha 11 sargAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM kevalajJAnI jambUsvAmI kA carita varNita kiyA gayA hai| bhASA varNanAnukUla aura subhASitoM se samanvita hai / 81. rAmacarita : (brahma jina dAsa) isa caritakAvya meM maryAdA puruSottama zrIrAma kA carita varNita hai| isakI kathAvastu raviSeNAcArya ke padmapurANa se lI gaI hai| bhASA sarala evaM AlaMkArika hai| dhArmikatA tathA dArzanikatA kA pratipAdana huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM caritoM ke racayitA kA nAma brahmajinadAsa hai / ye kundakundAnvaya sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya the / sakala-kIrti kA samaya IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI kA prArambha hai| ataH inakA samaya inake bAda mAnA jA sakatA hai inakI racanAoM se jJAta hotA hai ki manohara, mallidAsa, guNadAsa aura nemidAsa inake ziSya the| mUlataH ye rAjasthAnI bhASA ke kavi the, para saMskRta meM bhI inhoMne aneka grantha likhe haiM / 82. jayAnandakevalicarita' : ( muni sundara sUri ) isa carita meM jayAnandaH kevalI kA carita varNita hai / pratyekabuddhoM ke samAna kucha kevaliyoM ke caritoM para bhI jaina kaviyoM ne rocaka kAvya likhe haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla jayAnanda kevalI carita ke racayitA munisundarasUri haiM / grantha kI sargAnta puSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki munisundarasUri jJAnasAgara ke praziSya aura somasundara sUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne i kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1478 aura 1503 ke madhya (1421-1446 I0) meM kI thii| 83. mahipAlacarita' : ( cAritra sundaragaNi) mahipAlacarita meM rAjA mahIpAla kI kalpita caritagAthA hai / jisameM 14 sarga haiM / 84. kumArapAla carita : ( cAritra sundara gaNi) yaha carita 10 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isa kAvya meM kumArapAla va usake vaMzajoM kI kucha 1. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, vi0 saM0 1968 meM prakAzita 2.iti zrItapAgacchanAyakazrIdevasundarasUrizrIjJAnasAgarasUriziSyazrIsomasundarasUripadapratiSThitaiH zrImunisundarasUribhiH viracite jayAnanda rAja kevalicaritra sargAnta puSpikA 3. jinaralakoza, pR0 134 4. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara 1908 I0 evaM 1917 I0 meM prakAzita 5. jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA bhAvanagara vi0 saM0 1973 meM prakAzita

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa aitihAsika jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| kAvya vIra rasa pradhAna hai / racayitA racanAkAla I 1 mahipAlacarita tathA kumArapAlacarita ke racayitA cAritrasundaragaNi haiM / ye bhaTTAraka ratnasiMha sUri ke ziSya the / ratnasiMhasUri sattapogaccha ke AcArya the / kumArapAla carita kA racanAkAla 1430 I0 ke AsapAsa hai / ataH isI ke AsapAsa mahIpAlacarita kI bhI racanA kI hogI / vikramacarita : (rAmacandra ) 85. isa caritakAvya meM rAjA vikramAditya kA caritra nibaddha kiyA gayA hai| isameM pradhAnatayA vikramAditya rAjA dvArA prApta paMcadaNDachatra kI ghaTanA kA varNana hai / ise paMcadaNDakathAtmaka vikramacaritra bhI kahate haiM / pro0 vebara ne isa nAma se jarmanI bhASA meM prastAvanA ke romanalipi meM barlina se 1877 I0 meM chapAyA bhI thA / racayitA : racanAkAla 29 vikramacarita kAvya ke racayitA rAmacandra haiM jo sAdhupUrNimAgaccha ke abhayacandra ke ziSya the / vikramacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1490 (1433 I0) meM kI thI / I 86. pRthvIcandracarita : ( jayasAgara gaNi) pRthavIcandracarita meM rAjarSi pRthavIcandra kA varNana hai / inakI gaNanA pratyekabuddhoM meM kI gaI hai / ye kisI ke upadeza diye binA hI samyakdarzana ke prabhAva se kevalajJAna pAkara mukta ho gaye the / racayitA : racanAkAla pRthvIcandra carita ke racayitA jayasAgaragaNi haiM / ye jinavardhana sUri ke ziSya the, jo kharataragaccha ke the / inhoMne isa caritra kI racanA vi0 saM0 1503 (1446 I0) meM kI thii| 87. pANDavapurANa: (yaza: kIrti) isa grantha meM 34 sandhiyA~ haiM / isa grantha meM pANDava aura kauravoM ke carita ke sAtha zrIkRSNa kA carita bhI aMkita kiyA gayA hai / racanA kI bhASA-zailI praur3ha hai / 88. harivaMzapurANa: (yaza: kIrti) isameM 13 sandhiyA~ haiM aura 271 kar3avaka haiM, jisameM harivaMza kI kathA aMkita hai / racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta donoM purANoM ke racayitA yazaH kIrti haiM / kASThAsaMgha ke mathurAnvaya puSkaragaNa 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 -416 2. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara dvi0 saM0, 1914 I0 meM prakAzita 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 379 5. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 411 4. jinaralakoza, pR0 256 6. vahI, pR0 411

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30 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana bhaTTArakoM meM bhaTTAraka yazaH kIrti kA nAma AyA hai| yoM to yazaH kIrti nAmaka kaI AcArya huve haiM / zrI joharA purakara ne inakA samaya 1486-1497 vi0 saM0 mAnA hai| paramopAcala ke mUrtilekhoM meM inakA nirdeza vi0 saM0 1510 taka pAyA jAtA hai| ataH inakA samaya vi0 saM0 pandrahavIM zatI kA antima bhAga tathA 16 vIM kA pUrvabhAga hai| 89. anyakumArabasti : (jayAnanda) dhanyakumAracarita pA~ca adhyAyAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM dhanyakumAra zreSThIkumAra kA carita varNita kiyA gayA hai| 90. sthUlamacarita : (javAnanda) sthUlabhadracarita meM sthUlabhadra kA caritra nibaddha kiyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM dhanyakumAracarita va sthUlabhadracarita ke racayitA jayAnanda haiM, je kharataragacchIya jinazekhara ke praziSya aura jinadharmasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne dhanyakumAra carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1510 (1453 I0) meM kI thI 91. bhojacasti' : (rAjaballama) yaha grantha pA~ca prastAvoM meM vibhakta hai / prastAvoM kA nAmakaraNa kathAvastu ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai, jinameM mahArAjA bhoja kA caritra nibaddha hai / bhAratIya paramparA meM mahArAja bhoja bar3e hI lokapriya haiN| isa grantha meM vizeSa rUpa se annadAna kI mahimA kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| 92. citrasenapadmAvatIcarita' : (rAjaballabha) isa caritakAvya meM mahArAjA citrasena evaM mahArAnI padmAvatI kA caritra nibaddha hai| isakA dUsarA nAma padmAvatIcaritra bhI milatA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM kAvyoM ke racayitA rAjaballabha haiM / sargAnta puSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki rAjaballabha dharmaghoSagaccha ke vAdIndra zrI dharmasUri kI santAna paramparA meM zrI mahItilaka sUri ke ziSya the| DA0 bI0 sI0 eca0 chAbar3A tathA esa0 zaMkaranArAyaNan rAjaballabha kA samaya 1440 I0 yA usake kucha pahale mAnate haiN| isI prakAra DA0 hIrAlAla jaina aura DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye unakA samava15 vIM zatAbdI ke madhya mAnate haiN| 1.tIkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 409 2. vahI, pR0-410 3.jaina AtmAnaMda sabhA bhAvanagara, vi0 saM01973 I0 meM prakAzita 4.devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra phaNDa,1915 I0 meM prakAzita 5 jinaralakoza, pR0.187 6.bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana,1964 I0 meM prakAzita 7.hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1924 I0 meM prakAzita 8.itidharmaghoSagacchevAdIndra zrIdharmasUrisantAne zrImahItilakasUriziSya pAThaka rAjaballabha kRte ... | santi pumikA 9.bhojacarita, inTroDakzana, pR0-5 10. vahI, granthamAlA sampAdakIya

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 93. zrIcandrakevalIcarita' : (zIla siMha gaNi) isameM zrIcandrakevalI kA caritra aMkita hai| yaha 4 adhyAya kAvya hai / isameM kramazaH 613, 705, 724, aura 966 kula 3008 padya haiN| AkAra kI dRSTi se yaha mahAkAvya ke samAna jAna par3atA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla candrakevalIcarita ke racayitA zIlasiMhagaNi haiM, jo tapAgacchIya jayAnandasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne isa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1494 (1437 I0) meM kI thI / 31 94. vastupAlacarita' : (jina harSa gaNi) vastupAlacarita meM mahAmAtya vastupAla kA caritra varNita hai / yaha eka aitihAsika caritakAvya hai / racayitA : racanAkAla vastupAlacarita ke racayitA jinaharSagaNi haiM, jo jayasundarasUri ke ziSya the / ye jayasundarasUri somasundarasUri ke praziSya aura munisundarasUri ke ziSya the| ye tapAgaccha se saMbaddha the / inhoMne vastupAla carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1497 (1440 I0) meM kI thI / 95. nAgakumAracarita : ( dharmaghara ) yaha caritakAvya puSpadanta ke jayakumAracarita ke AdhAra para likhA gayA hai, jisameM nAgakumAra kA carita varNita hai / 96. zrIpAlacarita : (dharmaghara) isa caritakAvya meM campApura ke rAjakumAra zrIpAla kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| eka SaDyantra se zrIpAla kA rAjya chIna liyA gayA thA tathA kor3hiyoM meM zaraNa pAne se unheM kor3ha ho gayA thA / bAda meM siddhacakra ke pATha se usakA kor3ha dUra huA / racayitA racanAkAla 1 nAgakumAra carita tathA zrIpAla carita ke racAyatA dharmadhara haiM / jinaratnakoza ke anusAra dharmadhara vRddhatapAgacchIya vijayaratnasUri ke ziSya the| kavi ne nAgakumAra carita meM mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka padmanandI zubhacandra aura jinacandra kA ullekha kiyA hai / ataeva inheM mUlasaMgha ke sarasvatI gacchIya honA cAhiye / inhoMne nAgakumAra carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1511 (1454 I0) meM kI tho 1. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1915 I0 meM prakAzita 3. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara, 1911 I0 meM prakAzita 5. bhAratIya saMskRti meM jainadharma kA yogadAna, pR0 172 7. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-58 2. jinaralakoza, pR0 396 4. vastupAla carita prastAvanA puSpikA 6. jinaratnakoza, pR0 397 8. vahI, bhAga-4, pR0 58

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32 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 97. sudarzanacarita : (vidyA nandi ) kAvya 12 adhyAya haiM jinameM sudarzanamuni kA caritra varNita hai / sudarzanamuni ko jaina paramparA meM mahAvIra kA samakAlIna antaH kRtkevalI mAnA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA vidyAnandi haiM jo mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke praziSya aura devendrakIrti ke ziSya the| DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI ne inakA kAryakAla vi0 saM0 1489-1538 (1432-1481 I0) mAnA hai| sudarzanacarita kI racanA gaMgadharapurI meM vi0 saM0 1513 (1456 I0) meM huI thI / 98. pRthvIcandracarita : (satyarAja gaNi) yaha gadya padyAtmaka grantha hai / jisameM pRthvIcandra kA caritra varNita hai / 99. zrIpAlacarita : ( satyarAja gaNi) isa caritakAvya meM zrIpAla kA caritra nibaddha hai / racayitA : racanAkAla 1 uparyukta donoM caritoM ke racayitA satyarAjagaNi haiM / ye pUrNimA gacchIya guNasamudrasUri ke praziSya aura puNyaratnasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne pRthvIrAjacandracarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1535 (1478 I0) meM kI thii| 100. aMjanAcarita : (bhuvana kIrti) aMjanAcarita meM hanumAna kI mAtA evaM pavanaJjaya kI patnI satI anjanA kA AkhyAna nibaddha hai / racayitA : racanAkAla aMjanAcarita ke racayitA bhuvanakIrti haiM / zrI vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne bhuvanakIrti ko bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti kA ziSya mAnate hue inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1508-1527 (1451-1470 I0) mAnA hai|' sudarzanacarita meM bhuvanakIrti ko devendrakIrti bhaTTAraka kA ziSya batalAyA gayA hai / jinaratnakoza meM bhI inako devendrakIrti bhaTTAraka kA ziSya kahA gayA hai / " zrI vidyAdhara joharApura ne balAtkAragaNa IDarazAkhA ke kATapaTTa meM sakalakIrti ke bAda bhuvanakIrti ko rakhA hai kintu inake madhya devendrakIrti ko honA cAhie / 1. bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1970 I0 meM prakAzita 3. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 198 5. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA bhAvanagara, vi0 saM0 1976 meM prakAzita 6. vijayadAnasUrIzvara granthamAlA sUrata, vi0 saM0 1995 meM prakAzita 8. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, balAtkAragaNa IDarazAkhA kAlapaTTa 158 9. sudarzanacarita, 12 / 49 10. jinaralakoza, pR0 444 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 444 4. sudarzanacarita, prastAvanA, pR0 17 7. pRthvIcandracarita, pR0 74 11. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 158

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33 jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 101. vimalanAthacarita' : (jJAna sAgara) yaha 5 sargoM kA kAvya hai / jisameM tIrthaMkara vimalanAtha kA varNana hai / bIca-bIca meM avAntara kathAoM kA samAveza hai| 102. zAntinAthacarita : (jJAna sAgara) yaha zAntinAtha ke carita para varNita kAvya racanA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM vimalanAthacarita tathA zAntinAthacarita ke racayitA jJAnasAgara haiM / grantha meM dI gaI antima prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki jJAna sAgara bRhattapAgaccha ke ratnasiMhasUri ke ziSya the| vimalanAtha carita kI racanA inhoMne vi0 saM0 1517 (1460 I0) meM kI thii|' 103. bhuvanabhAnucarita : (indra haMsa gaNi). isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma baliranarendra kathAnaka bhI hai| 104. vimalacarita : (indra haMsa gaNi) isa caritakAvya meM tIrthaGkara vimalanAtha kA carita nahIM apitu isameM maMtrI vimalazAha kA caritra varNita hai / isa kAvya kA apanA aitihAsika mahattva hai| 105. balirAjacarita : (indra haMsa gaNi) balirAjacarita nAmaka eka kAvya upalabdha hai| racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta tInoM caritoM ke racayitA indrahaMsagaNi haiM / ye dharma haMsagaNi ke ziSya the| bhuvanabhAnucarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1554 (1497 I0) meM kI thii| vimalacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1578 (1521 I0) meM kI thI tathA balirAjacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1557 (1500 I0) meM kI thii| 106. pradyumnacarita : (soma kIti) yaha 16 sargoM kA mahAkAvya hai / isameM zrIkRSNa ke putra pradyumna kA caritra nibaddha hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1530 (1473 I0) meM kI gaI thii| 107. yazodharacarita : (soma kIti) ___isameM ATha sarga haiM jinameM yazodhara kA lokapriya paramparAgata AkhyAna nibaddha hai / isakI 1.hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara 1910 I0 meM prakAzita 2. jaina sA0 kA bRhad i0, bhAga-6, pR0 -103,110 3.jinaralakoza, pR0 358 4.hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara 1915 I0 meM prakAzita 5.jinaratnakoza, pR0 298 6. vahI, pR0 358 7.vahIM, pR0 298 8.hindI anuvAda jaina grantharalAkara kAryAlaya, bambaI 1910 I0 meM prakAzita 9.jinaralakoza, pR0 264 10. hastalikhita prati nayA mandira dillI meM hai

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34 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racanA vi0 saM0 1536 (1479 I0) meM huI thii| 108. saptavyasanacarita' : (soma kIti) saptavyasanacarita meM sAtoM vyasanoM ke kAraNa duHkha bhogane vAle vyaktiyoM ke caritroM ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai| dyUtavyasana meM yudhiSThira kI, mAMsa basana meM baka rAjakumAra kI, madirA vyasana meM yAdavoM kI, vezyAvyasana meM cArudatta kI, zikAra meM cakravartI brahmadata kI, corI meM zivabhUti brAhmaNa kI aura para strI vyasana meM pratApI rAvaNa kI kathA nibaddha hai| isakI zloka saM0 2197 hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1529 me mApasudI pratipadA somavAra ke dina huI thii| ravitA : ramAkAla - uparyukta pradhumnacarita, yazodhara carita tathA saptavyasanavarita ke racayitA somakIrti haiM / somakIrti lakSmIsena ke praziSya aura bhImasena ke ziSya the / zrI vidyAdhara joharapurakara ne kASThAsaMgha-naMdItaTagaccha kAlapaTTa meM somakIrti kA samaya vi0 saM0 1526-1540 (1469-1483I0) mAnA hai|' 109. zAntinAvaparita : (bhA candra sArita yaha carita saMskRta gadya meM likhita 6 prastAvoM meM vibhakta kAvya hai / isameM tIrthaMkara zAntinAva kA pUrva 11 bhavoM sahita varNana kiyA gayA hai / graMthakAra dvArA likhita mUlaprati lAlabAga bambaI ke eka grantha bhaMDAra se milI hai| .. racayitA : racanAkAla zAntinAthacarita ke racayitA pravacandrasUri haiN| ye pUrNimAgaccha ke pAvacandrasUri ke praziSya aura jayacandrasUri ke ziSya the| inhoMne zAntinAthacasti kI racanA vi0 saM0 1535 (1478 I0) meM kI thii| 110. yazovaracarita : (zruta sAgara sUri) yazodharacarita saMskRta gadyAtmaka grantha hai / kevala maMgalAcaraNa aura prazasti padya meM hai| yaha siddhacakrapATha kA mAhAtmya dikhAne ke liye likhA gayA thaa| 111. zrIpAlavarita : (zta sAgara sUri) ___ isa paritakAvya meM zrIpAla kA AkhyAna nibaddha hai| racayitA : svanAkAla uparyukta donoM granthoM ke racayitA zrutasAgarasUri haiN| ye mUlasaMgha sarasvatImaccha balAtkAragaNa ke AcArya the| inake guru kA nAma vidhAnandi thA / vidyAnandi devendrakIrti ke ziSya aura padmanandi 1.vinaratyakoza, pR0 320 2.hindI anuvAda ke grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI 1912 I0 meM prakAzita 3.saptavyasana carikha, prazasti padya 6-7 ___4.bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR00 298 5.jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara vi0 saM0 1967 meM prakAzita 6.vinaratnakoza, pR0 379

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35 jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa ke ziSya the| inake guru vidyAmandi ne sudarzanacarita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1513 (1456 I0) meM kI thii| unake ziSya hone se inakA samaya bhI IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI hI ThaharatA hai| vipulasAhitya nirmANa aura maulikatA kI dRSTi se inakA viziSTa sthAna hai / inakI kula 38 racanAyeM haiN| 112. tumacarita : (baha ajita mahAraka) kAra ra sargAlaka mallakAvya hai jisameM baina paramparA mAnya aThArahaveM kAmadeva hanumAna aura unakI mAtA aMvanA kA caritra varNita hai| isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma aMvasAvarita bhI hai / / racayitA : racanAkAla hanumAnacarita ke racayitA brahmaajita bhaTTAraka haiN| ye surendrakIrti ke praziSya aura bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi ke ziSya the| inake pitA kA nAma vIrasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma pIthA thaa| inake guru vidyAnandi kA samaya 1432-1481 I0 hai / ataH inheM bhI pandrahavIM zatAbdI meM rakhA jA sakatA hai| SoDaza zatAbdI 113. harivaMzapurANa' : (zruta kIti) yaha vRhadkAvya racanA hai jisameM 47 sandhiyA~ haiM / jisameM 22veM tIrthaDara neminAtha kA jIvanacarita varNita hai / prasaMgavaza isameM zrIkRSNa Adi yaduvaMziyoM kA saMkSipta jIvana paricaya bhI AyA hai| yaha grantha kAvya, siddhAnta, AcAra Adi sabhI dRSTiyoM se mahattvapUrNa hai|' racayitA : racanAkAla __ harivaMza purANa ke racayitA zrutakIrti haiM jo nandIsaMgha ke balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatIgaccha ke vidvAna haiM / ye bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti ke praziSya aura tribhuvanakIrti ke ziSya the| zrutakIrti kA samaya unakI racanAoM ke AdhAra para vi0 saM016 vIM zatI siddha hotA hai|.. 14. vanacarita : (labi sAgara) ___ yaha rAjA pRthvIcandra para racita prasiddha AkhyAna hai / zvetAMbara paramparAnusAra pRthvIcandra pratyekabuddhoM kI zreNI meM Ate haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla pRthvIcandracarita ke racayitA labdhisAgara haiN| ye vRhattapAgaccha ke udayasAgara ke ziSya the| inakA samaya 15 vI tathA 16 vIM zatAbdI kA sandhikAla mAnA jA sakatA hai kyoMki inheMne pRthvIcandracarita kI racanA vi0 saM01558 (1501 I0) meM kI thii| 1.tIkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 - 391 2. sudarzanavarita prastAvanA pR017 3.jinaralakoza, pR0 559 4. jaina sAhitya kA vRhada itihAsa, bhAga-6,0-139 5.vahI, pR0 198 6 jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA pa lipi vi0 saM01553 kI hai 7.tIra mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-432 8.vahI, pR0 430 9.hIrAlAla hasarAva jAmanagara 1918 I0 meM prakAzita 10.jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-274

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36 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 115. bhadrabAhucarita' : (ratna kIti) bhadrabAhucarita meM itihAsa prasiddha rAjA candragupta aura bhadrabAhu jainAcArya kA AkhyAna bar3e hI manorama DhaMga se 4 sargoM meM gumphita kiyA gayA hai| kathAnaka paramparA prApta tathA zailI paurANikahai / racayitA : racanAkAla ___bhadrabAhucarita ke racayitA kA nAma ralakIrti hai / saMskRta sAhitya meM ratnakIrti nAmaka aneka AcArya huye haiM / prakRta ratlakIrti kA ratnanaMdI nAma se bhI ullekha pAyA jAtA hai / ye anaMtakIrti ke praziSya aura lalitakIrti ke ziSya the / bhadrabAhucarita meM kI gaI lukAmata kI samIkSA ke AdhAra para DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ne inakA samaya vi0 saM0 kI 16 vIM zatI kA uttarArddha mAnA hai / 116. zrIpAlacarita : (brahma nemidatta) ___ zrIpAlacarita 9 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM kuSTavyAdhi se pIr3ita zrIpAla ke sAtha mayanAsundarI kA vivAha aura siddhacakra vidhAna ke mAhAtmya se unake nIroga hone kA varNa kiyA gayA hai| 117. dhanyakumAracarita : (brahma nemidatta) ____ yaha 5 sargAtmaka grantha hai jisameM dhanyakumAra kA carita varNita hai / 118. prItiharamahAmunicarita : (brahma nemidatta) yaha bhI 5 sargAtmaka grantha hai jisameM mahAmuni prItiGkara kA caritra citrita kiyA hai| 119. sItAcarita : (brahma nemidtt)| ____eka sItAcarita nAmaka carita kAvya bhI upalabdha hotA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta sabhI 4 granthoM ke racayitA brahmanemidatta haiM / ye mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya the / inake dIkSAguru kA nAma bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi thA / zrIpAlacarita kI racanA 1528 I0 meM huI thI / ataH inakA samaya 16vIM zatI kA hai / 120. candraprabhacarita : (bhaTThAraka zubhacandra) candraprabhacarita 8 sargAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM tIrthaGkara candraprabha kA carita varNita hai / 1.mUlacanda kisanadAsa kApaDiyA gAndhI cauka sUrata se evaM paM0 udayapAla kAzalIvAla ke hindI anuvAda ke sAtha jaina bhAratI bhavana banArasa siTI vI0ni0 saM0 2437 meM prakAzita 2.tIthAra mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 - 436 3. vahI, pR. 431-437 4.jinaralakoza, pR0 442 5 .tIhara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-403 6.bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina dharma kA yogadAna, pR0 - 174

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 121. karakaNDucarita: (bhaTTAraka zubha candra) isameM karakaNDu kA carita varNita hai / karakaNDu zvetAmbara sampradAya mAnya pramukha 4 pratyekabuddhoM meM se eka haiM / digambara AcAryoM ne bhI inake Upara svatantra racanAyeM likhI haiM / 122. candanAcarita : (bhaTTAraka zubha candra) yaha bhI eka mahAkAvya hai jisameM mahAsatI candanA kA carita varNita hai / 123. jIvambaracarita: (bhaTTAraka zubha candra ) jIvandharacarita meM jIvandharakumAra kA priya AkhyAna nibaddha hai / isakA praNayana vi0 saM0 1596 (1539 I0) meM huA thA / 124. zreNikacarita : (bhaTTAraka zubha candra ) 37 zreNikacarita kA nAma zreNikapurANa bhI hai| isakI hastalikhita prati nayA mandira dillI grantha bhaNDAra meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta varNita pA~coM kAvyoM ke racayitA bhaTTAraka zubhacandra haiM jo vijayakIrti ke ziSya the / pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne inakA bhaTTAraka kAla vi0 saM0 1573-1613 (1516-1556 I0) mAnA hai / kintu DA0 nemicandra zAstrI inakA bhaTTAraka kAla vi0 saM0 1535-1620 (1478-1563 I0) mAnate haiM / ataH inakA racanAkAla 16vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa nizcita hai / 125. holireNukAcarita : ( paM0 jina dAsa) yaha caritakAvya sAta adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| isakA dUsarA nAma holikAreNuparvacarita bhI hai / isameM paMcanamaskAra mantra kA mAhAtmya pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla holikAreNukA carita kAvya ke racayitA paM0 jinadAsa haiM jo raNastambha durga ke samIpa navalakSapura ke nivAsI haiM / kavi ne grantha prazasti meM grantha kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1608 ( 1551 I0) diyA hai| 126 . zAlibhadracarita : (vinaya sAgara gaNi) isa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1623 (1566 I0) meM huI thI / ' anya koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| 1. jinaralakoza, pR0 399 3. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0 158 5. jinaralakoza, pR0 463 7. jinaratnakoza, pR0 382 2. draSTavya anekAnta, varSa 4, kiraNa-5, jUna 1941, pR0 352 4. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-364 6. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-84

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38 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla zAlibhadracarita kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma vinayasAgaragaNi hai / inakA samaya 16vIM zatI hai| 127. jambUsvAmI carita' : ( kavirAja malla) 1 jambUsvAmIcarita trayodaza sargAtmaka kAvya hai / jisake prathama cAra sargoM meM jambUsvAmI ke pUrvabhavoM kA AkhyAna hai / pA~caveM sarga se jambUsvAmI kI kathA varNita hai / anuSTup chanda meM racita yaha kAvya atyadhika ramaNIya hai / racayitA racanAkAla jambUsvAmIcarita ke racayitA kavirAjamalla haiM jo AgarA nivAsI the / ye akabara bAdazAha ke samakAlIna the / inhoMne jambUsvAmI carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1632 (1575 I0) meM kI thI / 128. pArzvanAthacarita : (hama vijaya ) yaha kAvya chaH sargoM meM vibhakta hai / isameM 3036 padya haiM / anta meM 16 prazasti padya haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla pArzvanAthacarita kAvya ke racayitA hemavijaya haiN| sargAnta puSpikA se jJAta hotA hai ki hemavijayagaNi, kamalavijayagaNi ke ziSya the jo bhaTTAraka hIravijayasUri aura vijayasenasUri kI paramparA se saMbaddha the / ' grantha prazasti ke anusAra kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1632 (1575I0) meM huI thI tathA yaha 3160 anuSTup pramANa haiM / 4 129. sAmbapradyumnacarita : (ravi sAgara gaNi) isa caritakAvya meM 16 sarga haiN| pradyumna aura unake anuja sAmba kumAra kA varNana hai / racayitA : racanAkAla sAmbapradyumnacarita ke racayitA ravisAgaragaNi haiM / inake guru tapAgacchIya harivijaya santAnIya rAjasAgara the / sahajasAgara aura vijaya sAgara inake adhyApaka the / inhoMne isa caritakAvya kI racanA mADalinagara meM kheMgAra rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM vi0 saM0 1645 (1588I0) meM kI thI / 7 130. jambUsvAmicarita : (vidyA bhUSaNa bhaTTAraka) jambUsvAmi ke carita para racA kAvya upalabdha hotA hai / 1. mANikyacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI 1911 I0 meM prakAzita 2. jinaratnakoza, pR0 132 4. pArzvanAthacarita, sargAnta puSpikA 6. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara 1917 I0 meM prakAzita 3. zrI munimohanalAla jaina granthamAlA sarasvatI phATaka banArasa 1916 meM prakAzita 5. pArzvanAthacarita, prazasti, 14-15 7. draSTavya jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 147

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa racayitA : racanAkAla jambUsvAmi carita ke racayitA vidyAbhUSaNa bhaTTAraka haiM / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1653 (1596I0) meM jambUsvAmicarita kI racanA kI / vizvasena ke paTTaziSya vidyAbhUSaNa ne vi0 saM0 1604 meM do mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA karavAI thii| sambhavataH ye vidyAbhUSaNa hI jambUsvAmIcarita ke racayitA haiN| 131. bhaviSyadattacarita : (padma sundara gaNi) isa caritakAvya meM pA~ca sarga haiM / jina puNyapuruSa bhaviSyadatta kA AkhyAna nibaddha hai / isakI hastalikhita prati vi0 saM0 1615 (1558 I0) bambaI ke ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana meM upalabdha hai| 132. pArzvanAthacarita : (padma sundara gaNi) yaha saptasargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kA caritra aMkita hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ___bhaviSyadatta carita va pArzvanAtha carita ke racayitA padmasundaragaNi haiM / paM0 padmasundara Anandameru ke praziSya aura padmameru ke ziSya the| inhoMne bhaviSyadatta carita kI racanA vi0 saM0 1614 (1557 I0) kArtika zukla paMcamI meM kI / ataH inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA hai| 133. pArzvanAthacarita' : (udaya vIra gaNi) ___yaha grantha ATha sargAtmaka hai / jisameM hemacandrAcArya ke viSaSTizalAkA puruSacarita kI paramparA ke anusAra tIrthaGkara pArzvanAtha kA carita saMskRta gadya meM likhA gayA hai / bIca-bIca meM avAntara kathAoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA udayavIragaNi haiM jo tapAgacchIya hemasUri ke praziSya aura saMghavIra ke ziSya the / prazasti ke anusAra pArzvanAthacarita kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1654 (1597 I0) hai / 134. uttamakumAracarita : (cAru candra) __isa caritakAvya meM 686 padya haiM / uttamakumAra eka dhArmika evaM sAhasI rAjakumAra the| isa kAvya meM unakI sAhasapUrNa ghaTanAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai / bIca-bIca meM avAntara kathAyeM bhI dI gaI haiM tathA anya graMthoM ke prAkRtapadya bhI grahaNa kiye gaye haiM / 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0155 2.bhaTTAraka sampradAya lekhAMka 676,677, pR0-271 3.tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-83 4.dekheM jainAcAryoM kA alaMkAra zAstra meM yogadAna, pR0-46 5.tIrthAra mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, 183 6.jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara vi0 saM0 1970 meM prakAzita 7.pArzvanAthacarita, sargAnta puSpikA 8.hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara 1909 I0 meM prakAzita 9.jinaratnakoza, pR0 - 41

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40 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla uttamakumAracarita ke racayitA cArucandra haiM jo bhaktilAbha ke ziSya the| ye 16vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM / 135. sulocanAcarita : (bhaTTAraka vAdi candra) sulocanAcarita meM 9 pariccheda haiM / yaha eka kathAtmaka kAvya hai / 136. yazodharacarita : (bhaTTAraka vAdi candra ) yazodharacarita meM mahArAja yazodhara kA carita varNita hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ukta sulocanAcarita tathA yazodharacarita ke racayitA bhaTTAraka vAdicandra haiN| ye vAdicandra, mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa kI sUrata zAkhA ke the / ye bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke paTTa para AsIna huye the / 1 pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1637-1664 (1580-1607 I0) mAnA hai / DA0 nemicandra zAstrI bhI yahI samaya mAnate haiM / 137. bhujabalicarita' : (doDuyya) isa saMskRta carita ke kavi ne purANa prasiddha zrI bAhubali kI maisUra rAjyAntargata zravaNabelagolastha lokavikhyAta AzcaryakArI alaukika anupama divya mUrti ke itihAsa ko sajIva DhaMga se prastuta kiyA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla bhujabalicarita ke racayitA doDDayya haiN| jaina siddhAnta bhAskara meM prakAzita bhujabalicarita bhUmikA meM kahA gayA hai ki Atreya gotrIya jaina viprottama paMDita muni ke ziSya pariyapaTTana ke nivAsI karaNitilaka devayya ke putra 16vIM zatAbdI ke kavi doDDayya kA yaha bhujabalicarita, bhubalizatakam ke nAma se bhI prasiddha hai / saptadaza zatAbdI 138. pANDavacarita : (deva vijaya gaNi) pANDavacarita gadyAtmaka grantha hai / isameM 18 sarga haiM / yaha devaprabhasUri ke pANDavacarita kA sarala saMskRta gadyarUpa kI taraha jAna par3atA hai / kahIM-kahIM to usake padya bhI uddhata kiye gaye haiM / I 1. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0-201 2. tIrthara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-72 3. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara bhAga - 10, vi0 saM0 2000 ke pariziSTa meM zrI pI0 ke0 bhujabalI zAstrI vidyAbhUSaNa ke sampAdakatva meM prakAzita 4. yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA banArasa vI0 ni0 saM0 2438 meM prakAzita

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 139. rAmacarita' : (deva vijaya gaNi) rAmacarita daza sargAtmaka gadyakAvya hai / isameM rAkSasa, vAnara vaMza kI utpatti, rAvaNa - kumbhakaraNa - vibhISaNa- sItA-rAma-lakSmaNa Adi kA varNana tathA anta meM maryAdA puruSottama rAma kI mukti kA varNana hai / racayitA : racanAkAla pANDavacarita tathA rAmacarita ke racayitA devavijayagaNi haiM jo tapAgacchIya vijayadAnasUri ke praziSya aura saMgavijaya ke ziSya the / inhoMne ahamadAbAda meM rahakara vi0 saM0 1660 meM pANDavacarita kI racanA kI thii| isakA saMzodhana zAnticandra ke ziSya ratnacandra ne kiyA thA / 2 140. pArzvanAthapurANa: (candra kIrti) yaha pandraha sargAtmaka kAvya hai jo 2710 grantha pramANa hai / isameM bhagavAna pArzvanAtha kA caritra varNita hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1654 (1597 I0) meM zrI bhUSaNa bhaTTAraka ke ziSya candrakIrti ne vaisAkha zuklA saptamI ko guruvAra ke dina devagiri ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM kI thI / isakI eka hastalikhita prati zrI ailaka pannAlAla sarasvatI bhavana bambaI meM hai / 141. RSabhadevapurANa: (candra kIrti) isameM bhagavAna RSabhadeva kI kathA 25 sargoM meM vibhakta hai / 41 racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta donoM kAvyoM ke racayitA candrakIrti haiM / candrakIrti ke guru zrI bhUSaNa bhaTTAraka kASThAsaMghIya the / ve kASThAsaMgha ke nandI taTa-gaccha ke bhaTTAraka the / pro0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara ne unakI paramparA ko isa prakAra batalAyA hai : dharmasena vimalasena- vizAlakIrti - vizvasena - vidyAbhUSaNa - candrakIrti / pro0 joharApurakara ne candrakIrti kA samaya vi0 saM0 1654-1681 (1597 -1624 I0) mAnA hai / " inhoMne saM0 1654 meM devagiri para pArzvanAthapurANa kI racanA kI thii| 1 142. rAmapurANa : (somasena) rAmapurANa meM rAmakathA varNita hai| isa kathA kA AdhAra raviSeNa kA padmacarita hai / kathAvastu 33 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai / bhASA sarala hote huye bhI pravAhamayI hai racayitA : racanAkAla rAmapurANa ke racayitA somasena haiN| ye senagaNa aura puSkaragaccha kI bhaTTAraka paramparA meM 1. hIrAlAla haMsarAja jAmanagara 1915 I0 meM prakAzita 3. jinaralakoza, pR0 246-247 5. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pR0-299 2. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga 6, pR0 - 54 4. jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 125, pAda TippaNI- 6 6. pArzvanAthapurANa, prazasti

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42 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana huye haiM / somasena guNabhadra ke ziSya the| inake saMbaMdha meM likhA hai ki "vibudhavividhajanamanaiMdIvara vikAsanapUrNa zazisamAnAnAM .... somasena bhaTTArakANAn / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1656 meM rAmapurANa kI racanA kI ataH somasena kA samaya 17vIM zatI hai| 143. neminAthacarita' : (ajaya rAja pATaNI) . prastuta kAvya aura usake racayitA kA varNana isI adhyAya ke "kha" bhAga 'naimi viSayaka sAhitya" pRSTha 77 krama saM0 117 ke antargata kiyA gayA hai| 144. zAntinAthapurANa : (zrI bhUSaNa) zAntinAthapurANa meM 16veM tIrthaMkara zAntinAtha kA jIvana caritra varNita hai / isakI kathAvastu 16 sargoM meM vibhakta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla zAntinAthacarita ke racayitA zrI bhUSaNa haiM / ye kASTAsaMgha ke nandIgaccha ke AcAryoM kI paramparA meM samAviSTa haiM jisameM rAmasena ke anvaya meM kramazaH nemisena - dharmasena - vimalasena - vizAlakIrti - vizvasena - vidyAbhUSaNa - zrIbhUSaNa - ke nAma haiM / inhoMne zAntinAthapurANa kI racanA vi0 saM0 1669 (1612 I0) meM kI thii| 145. pradyumnacarita' : (ratla candra gaNi) yaha 16 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai / isameM zrIkRSNa, satyabhAmA, rUkmaNI Adi kA bhI caritra varNita hai| racayitA : racanAkAla pradyumnacarita ke racayitA ratnacandragaNi haiM jo tapAgacchIya zAnticandra ke ziSya the / inhoMne pradyumnacarita kI racanA sUrata meM vi0 saM0 1674 (1617 I0) meM vijayAdazamI ke dina kI thii| 146. munisuvratapurANa : (brahma kRSNa dAsa) isameM 20veM tIrthakara munisuvrata kA jIvana aMkita hai / jisameM 23 sandhi yA sarga haiM aura 3025 padya haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla munisuvratakAvya ke racayitA brahmakRSNadAsa haiM / brahmakRSNadAsa kASThAsaMgha ke bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti ke paTTadhara bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke ziSya the| inhoMne isa kAvya kI racanA vi0 saM0 1.bhaTTAraka sampradAya, lekhAMka-34 2.tIcAra mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-444 3.devacandra lAla bhAI pustakoddhAra phaNDa sUrata,1920 I0 meM prakAzita 4.tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-440 5.vI0 vI0 eNDa kampanI khArageTa bhAvanagara 1917 I0 meM prakAzita 6. jinaralakoza, pR0 264 7.tIrthadura mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-440

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa 1681 kArtika zuklA trayodazI meM pUrNa kI thii| 147. jayakumAracarita : (brahmacArI kAma rAja) jayakumAracarita 13 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya haiM jisameM jayakumAra aura unakI patnI sulocanA kA carita varNita kiyA gayA hai / isa kAvya kA nAma jayapurANa bhI hai / racayitA : racanAkAla jayakumAracarita ke racayitA brahmacArI kAmarAja haiM / vikrama kI 17 vIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM inhoMne jayakumAracarita kI racanA kI thii| 148. zrIpAlacarita' : (jJAna vimala sari) zrIpAlacarita atyanta saMkSipta kintu pravAhamayI gadya bhASA meM likhA gayA hai / bIca-bIca meM padya bhI milate haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla zrIpAlacarita ke racayitA jJAnavimalasUri haiM / jo nayavimalasUri ke ziSya the / inhoMne zrIpAlacaritra kI racanA saMskRta gadya meM vi0 saM0 1745 (1688 I0) meM kI thii| 149. suSeNa carita : (jagannAtha) isameM dharmanAtha tIrthaMkara ke senApati suSeNa athavA varAMgakumAra ke sautele bhAI suSeNa kA varNana hai / abhI taka kAvya upalabdha nahIM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla suSeNa carita ke racayitA jagannAtha haiM / inhoMne 17 vIM zatI meM isa kAvya kI racanA kI hai| 150. zAntinAthacarita' : (meghavijaya upAdhyAya) yaha carita naiSadhIyacarita prathama sarga kI samasyApUrti ke rUpa meM likhA gayA hai / yaha 6 sargAtmaka kAvya hai| 151. laghutriSaSTizlAkApuruSacarita : (meghavijaya upAdhyAya) yaha 10 sargoM kA kAvya hai / kAvyatattvoM kI dRSTi se isa kAvya kA vizeSa mahattva nahIM hai / isameM hemacandrAcArya ke triSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita kA anukaraNa kiyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta donoM caritoM ke racayitA meghavijaya upAdhyAya haiM / ye kRpAvijaya gaNi aura upAdhyAya jinaprabhasUri ke ziSya the| inake granthoM kA racanAkAla 1652-1703 I0 mAnA jAtA hai| 1.tIrthahara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-85 2.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 -179 3.devendra lAla bhAI jaina pustakoddhAra granthamAlA bambaI 1921 I0 meM prakAzita 4.zrIpAlacarita prazasti padha-20 5.abhayadevasUri granthamAlA bIkAnera se prakAzita 6.jaina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa, bhAga -6, pR0 -78

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44 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana aSTAdaza zatAbdI 152. ajitapurANa : (aruNa maNi) isa purANa meM tIrthaGkara ajitanAtha kA jIvanavRtta varNita kiyA gayA hai / isakI pANDulipi jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa purANa ke racayitA aruNamaNi haiM / ye bhaTTAraka zrutakIrti ke praziSya aura budharAghava ke ziSya the / aruNamaNi ne auraMgajeba ke rAjyakAla meM vi0 saM0 1716 meM jahAnAbAda nagara vartamAna naI dillI ke pArzvanAtha jinAlaya meM ajitanAthapurANa kI samApti kI hai / ataH kavi kA samaya 18 vIM zatI hai| 153. bhaktAmara carita : (vizva bhUSaNa bhaTTAraka) ___ bhaktAmara carita meM aitihAsika tathyoM ko tor3amaror3a kara prastuta kiyA gayA hai / tathA vibhinna samaya ke vibhinna vidvAnoM ko samakAlIna batAyA gayA hai / ataeva aitihAsika dRSTi se yaha grantha koI mahatva nahIM rakhatA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA vizvabhUSaNa bhaTTAraka haiM / ye ananta bhUSaNa bhaTTAraka ke ziSya the| inakA vizeSa paricaya prApta nahIM hai / inakA samaya aThArahavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha tthhrtaahai| 154. gautamacarita : (rUpa candragaNi) - yaha 11 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / isameM jaina saMgha kA saMkSipta itihAsa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| kAvyatva kI dRSTi se yaha manorama hai / racayitA : racanAkAla gautamacarita ke racayitA rUpacandragaNi haiM jo dattagaccha ke the / unhoMne saM0 1807 (1750 I0) meM jodhapura nagara meM abhayasiMha rAjA ke rAjyakAla meM gautamacarita (gotamIyakAvya) kI racanA kI thii| isa para vi0 saM0 1852 (1795 I0) meM amRta dharma ke ziSya upAdhyAya kSamAkalyANagaNi ne gautamIyaprakAza nAmaka TIkA likhI thii| ekonaviMzati zatAbdI 155. pRthvIcandra carita' : (rUpa vijaya gaNi) yaha 11 sargAtmaka kAvya hai / jo saMskRta gadya meM likhA gayA hai / bIca-bIca meM kahIM-kahIM saMskRta aura prAkRta ke padya bhI uddhata haiM / 1.tIrthAvara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-90 2.jinaralakoza, pR0289 3.devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra saMsthA sUrata, 1940 I0 meM prakAzita 4.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 196 5.jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara, 1936 I0 meM prakAzita

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jaina carita kAvya : udbhava evaM vikAsa racayitA : racanAkAla __pRthvIcandracarita ke racayitA rUpavijayagaNi haiM jo tapAgacchIya savigna zAkhA ke padamavijayagaNi ke ziSya the| inhoMne pRthvIcandracaritra kI racanA vi0 saM0 1882 (1825 I0) meM kI thii| viMzati zatAbdI 156. samudradattacarita' : (bhUrA malla zAstrI) ____yaha carita 9 sargAtmaka kAvya hai jisameM kula 345 padya haiM / anta meM 4 prazasti padya haiM jinameM anya granthoM kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai / 157. mahAvIra carita' (vIrodaya kAvya) : (bhUrA malla zAstrI) __yaha caritakAvya 22 sargAtmaka mahAkAvya hai, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke carita ke sAtha prArambha meM bhArata kI durdazA kA citraNa bar3A hI hRdayadrAvaka hai / anta meM jaina dharma ke hAsa para cintA vyakta kI gaI hai| racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta donoM caritoM ke racayitA bhUrAmalla zAstrI haiM / ye hI muni dIkSA ke bAda jJAnasAgara mahArAja kahalAye / ApakA janma rAjasthAna ke jayapura ke samIpavartI rANaulI grAma meM seTha caturbhuja ke ghara vi0 saM0 1948 (1891 I0) meM huA thA / Apane vi0 saM0 2004 meM brahmacarya pratimA, 2012 meM kSullaka dIkSA aura saM0 2014 meM AcArya zivasAgara jI mahArAja se khAniyAM jayapura meM munidIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| unakI sudarzanodaya tathA dayodaya Adi anya racanAyeM bhI upalabdha haiN| ina caritakAvyoM kI zrRMkhalA se spaSTa hai ki jaina kavi IsA kI sAtavIM zatAdI se lekara nirantara kAvya racanA meM saMlagna haiM / yadyapi ve prAkRta bhASA kI paramparA se lekara kAvya ke kSetra meM praviSTa huye the kintu unhoMne bhASAgata sAmpradAyika bandhanoM ko tor3akara saMskRta ko bhI prAkRta bhASA ke samAna hI mahattva pradAna kiyA tathA eka samRddha evaM aizvaryazAlI paramparA kA nidarzana prastuta kiyA hai| 1.pRthvIcandracarita, prazasti padya, 5-11 2.di0 jaina jaisavAla samAja ajamera, vI0ni0 saM0 2495 meM prakAzita 3.munijJAnasAgara, jaina granthamAlA, 1968 I0 meM prakAzita 4.sudarzanodaya kAvya, granthakAra kA saMkSipta paricaya

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adhyAya - eka (kha) tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya jaina dharma ke 22veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA bhAratIya janajIvana meM apratima prabhAva rahA hai / bhArata ke dhArmika jIvana meM jina vibhUtiyoM kA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai, unameM neminAtha agraNI haiM / jaina kaviyoM ne apane sAhitya meM tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura pArzvanAtha ke bAda unheM sarvAdhika sthAna diyA hai / jaina kaviyoM kI dRSTi bhASAgata vivAdoM se pRthak thI / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhArata kI sArvabhauma bhASAoM ke rUpa meM saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza tathA kSetrIya bhASAoM ke rUpa meM hindI, rAjasthAnI, marAThI, gujarAtI, kannar3a, tamila Adi sabhI bhASAoM meM unhoMne neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya kI vipula mAtrA meM racanA kI hai| jaina paramparA meM bAIsaveM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kI aitihAsika pramANikatA bhale hI siddha na ho sakI ho parantu yaha nirvivAda hai ki unakA vyaktitva jaina sAhityakAroM ko adhika priya rahA hai / vara-veza meM susajjita nemikumAra kA pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunane mAtra para vAgdattA rAjula (rAjImati) ko vivAha maNDapa meM virahadagdha chor3akara akSaya vairAgya dhAraNa kara lenA tathA raivataka parvata para durdhara tapazcaryA dvArA kevalajJAna prApta karanA, sAtha hI rAjula ke saMyama, ananya niSThA, evaM anta meM vairAgyapUrvaka muktilAbha kI ghaTanAoM ne kaviyoM ko kitanA adhika prabhAvita kiyA yahI kAraNa hai ki unake jIvana para vizAla sAhitya likhA gayA hai / yahA~ vibhinna bhAratIya bhASAoM meM viracita neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta hai / saMskRta 1. uttarapurANa (guNabhadra) isa purANa meM 22veM tIrthakara neminAtha kA kathAnaka savistAra bar3e hI rocaka DhaMga se kiyA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa purANakAvya ke do bhAga haiM / prathama bhAga ke racayitA guNabhadra haiM tathA dUsare bhAga ke lekhaka unake ziSya lokasena haiM / prathama bhAga kA racanAkAla zaka saM0 770 yA 772 (848 850 I0) honA caahie| 2. nAbheyanemidvisandhAna : (naminAthacarita) (sUrAcArya) ___ isa zleSamaya padya racanA meM neminAtha ke carita ke sAtha-sAtha RSabhadeva ke carita kA bhI artha ghaTita hotA hai / 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 61-62 2. vahI, pR0 522

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA kA nAma sUrAcArya hai / yaha 11vIM zatAbdI kA racita hai| racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1090 (san 1033 I0) hai| 3. nAmeyanemidvisadhAna eka dUsarI racanA bhI prApta hotI hai / isakA saMzodhana kavi cakravartI zrIpAla ne kiyA hai jisakA samaya 12 vIM zatI hai / 4. neminirvANa (vAgbhaTTa prathama) nemi nirvANa kAvya 15 sargoM meM vibhakta hai aura tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA jIvana carita aMkita hai / 24 tIrthaGkaroM ke namaskAra ke uparAnta mUla kathA prArambha kI gaI hai / kavi ne neminAtha ke garbha, janma, vivAha, tapasyA, jJAna aura nirvANa kalyANakoM kA nirUpaNa sIdhe aura sarala rUpa meM kiyA hai / kathAvastu kA AdhAra harivaMzapurANa hai / neminAtha ke jIvana kI do marmasparzI ghaTanAyeM isa kAvya meM aMkita haiM : ___ eka ghaTanA rAjula aura nemi kA raivataka para pArasparika darzana aura darzana ke phalasvarUpa donoM ke hRdaya meM premAkarSaNa kI utpatti rUpa meM hai / dUsarI ghaTanA pazuoM kA karuNa krandana suna nemi kA vivAha tyAganA tathA bilakhatI rAjula tathA Adranetra hAtha jor3e ugrasena ko chor3a mAnavatA kI pratiSThArtha vana meM tapazcaraNa ke liye jAnA hai / ina donoM ghaTanAoM kI kathAvastu ko paryApta sarasa aura mArmika banAyA gayA hai / kavi ne vasanta varNana, revataka varNana, jalakrIr3A, sUryodaya, candrodaya, surata, madirApAna, prabhRti kAvya viSayoM kA samAveza kathA ko sarasa banAne ke lie kiyA hai / kathAvastu ke gaThana meM ekAnviti kA saphala nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / pUrvabhavAvali ke kathAnaka ke haTA dene para bhI kathAvastu meM chinna-bhinnatA nahIM AtI / yoM to yaha kAvya alaMkRta zailI kA utkRSTa udAharaNa hai para kathA gaThana kI apekSA isameM kucha zaithilya bhI pAyA jAtA hai| kavi ne isa kAvya meM nagarI, parvata, strI-puruSa, devamandira, sarovara Adi kA sahaja-grAhya citraNa kiyA hai / rasa bhAva yojanA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha kAvya saphala hai / zrRMgAra, raudra, vIra, aura zAnta rasoM kA sundara nirUpaNa kiyA hai / viraha kI avasthA meM kiye gaye zItalopacAra nirarthaka pratIta hote haiM / 11veM sarga meM viyoga zrRMgAra kA adbhuta citraNa AyA hai / __ chanda zAstra kI dRSTi se isa kAvya kA saptama sarga vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai / jisa chanda kA nAmAMkana kiyA hai kavi ne usI chanda meM padya racanA bhI prastuta kI hai / kavi kalpanA kA dhanI hai / sandhyA ke samaya dizAyeM andhakAra se lipta ho gaI thI aura rAtri meM jyotsnA ne use 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 522

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48 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana hai candana dravya se carcita kara diyA / aba navIna sUrya kiraNoM se saMsAra kuMkuma dvArA lIpA jA rahA / andhakAra rUpI kIcar3a meM pha~sI huI pRthvI kA parvatarUpI unnata zrRMgoM se uddhAra karate hue udaya ko prApta sUryadeva ne hajAroM kiraNoM ko phailAkara sArthaka nAma prApta kiyA hai / DA0 nemicandra zAstrI ke anusAra kAvya mUlyoM kI dRSTi se yaha kAvya mahattvapUrNa hai / racayitA : racanAkAla racayitA, racanAkAla (vivecana) paricaya isI adhyAya ke "ga" bhAga meM diyA gayA hai / 5. viSaSTizalAkA puruSa carita (AcArya hemacandra) isa mahAcarita meM jainoM ke kathAnaka itihAsa paurANika kathAyeM, siddhAnta evaM tatvajJAna kA saMgraha hai / isa grantha meM 10 parva haiM jinameM 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA caritra 7 va 8 parva meM racita milatA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA prasiddha AcArya hemacandra haiN| bUlana ne inakI racanA kA samaya saM0 1216 se 1228 taka mAnA hai / (san 1959 se 1171 I0) 2 6. purANasAgara saMgraha ( dAmanandi AcArya) prastuta caritasaMgraha meM neminAtha caritra 5 sargoM meM upalabdha hotA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa grantha ke racayitA dAmanandi AcArya haiN| inakA samaya 11vIM se 13 vIM zatAbdI ke bIca kA hai / 7. amamasvAmIcarita ( muninandasUri ) isa kAvya meM chaThe sarga ke bAda neminAtha kA janma, rAjImatI kA varNana, neminAtha kI dIkSA aura phira neminAtha ke mokSa gamana kI kathA kA varNana AyA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa grantha ke kartA candragacchIya pUrNimAmata prakaTakartA zrImAn candraprabhasUri ke ziSya dharmaghoSasUri ke ziSya samudraghoSasUri ke ziSya muninandasUri haiM / yaha grantha vi. saM0 1252 (san 1195 I0) meM pantanagara meM likhA gayA hai / 8. pratyekabuddhacarita (zrI tilaka sUri candra gacchIya) RSibhASita sUtra meM 45 pratyekabuddhoM ke upadeza saMgrahIta haiM / unameM se 20 neminAtha ke upadeza haiM / yaha prAkRta tathA saMskRta donoM bhASAoM meM racita hai / 1. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-24 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 73 3. vahI, pR0-63 4. 5. vahI, bhAga-6, pR0 - 127 vahI, pR0 - 160

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49 tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya racayitA : racanAkAla zrI tilakasUricandragacchIya zivaprabhasUri ke ziSya the jinakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1261 (san 1204 I0) kA hai| 9. pratyekabuddhacarita yaha eka saMskRta racita kAvya hai jisakA pUrA nAma "pratyekabuddhamahArAjarSicatuSkacaritra" hai| isake pratyeka parva meM cAra sarga haiM aura anta meM eka cUlikA sarga hai / isake 17 sagoM kA zloka pramANa 10130 hai / prastuta sarga jinalakSmI zabdAMkita hai / saMbhavataH yaha jinatilaka tathA lakSmItilakasUri ko dyotita karatA hai / 10. nemicarita (kavi rAmana) saM0 1261 meM dhanapAla ke pitA kavi rAmana ne nemicaritra mahAkAvya likhA / / 11. neminAthacaritra vi0 saM0 1287 (san 1230 I0) meM kavi dAmodara ne sallakhaNapura (mAlavA) ke paramAravaMzI rAjA devapAla ke rAjyakAla meM yaha caritra kAvya racanA kI / 12. nemidUta (kavi vikrama) 22veM tIrthaGkara para racA gayA yaha eka caritakAvya hai / isameM 126 padya haiM / isakI racanA meM meghadUta kAvya ke antima caraNa kI samasyA pUrti kI gaI hai jisameM neminAtha va rAjImatI kA viraha varNana hai / vastutaH yaha meghadUta para AdhArita maulika kAvya racanA hai / isake nAmakaraNa kA yaha artha nahIM ki isameM neminAtha ne dUta kA kAma kiyA hai balki ArAdhaka nAyaka nemi ke lakSya se dUta (vRddha brAhmaNa) bhejane ke kAraNa isakA nemidUta nAmakaraNa huA / meghadUta meM dUta nAyaka kI tarapha se bhejA jAtA hai to nemidUta meM nAyikA kI ora se / / ghaTanA prasaMga isa prakAra hai ki nemi apane vivAha bhoja ke lie bAr3e meM ekatra kiye gaye pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunakara virakta ho revataka parvata para yogI bana jAte haiM / dulahina rAjImatI eka vRddha brAhmaNa ko dUta banAkara unheM manAne ke lie bhejatI hai / anta meM rAjImatI kA viraha zama bhAva meM pariNata ho jAtA hai / yaha kAvya apanI bhASA bhAva aura padya racanA meM tathA kAvya guNoM se bar3A hI sundara bana gayA hai / kavi ne virahI janoM kI yathArtha duHkhamayI avasthA kA jo varNana kiyA hai usase mAlUma hotA hai ki kavi aise anubhavoM ke dhanI the / zAnta rasa pradhAna hone para bhI nemidUta sandeza kAvya kI apekSA viraha kAvya adhika hai| 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihasa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 160 4. vahI, pR0-115 2. vahI, pR0 -161 5. vahI, pR0-548 3. vahI, pR0 - 115 6. vahI, pR0 -547

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50 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla isake kartA khambhAta nivAsI sAgaMNa ke putra kavi vikrama haiN| inakA sampradAya vivAdagrasta hai| isa dUtakAvya kI prAcInatama prati vi0 saM0 1472 kI aura dUsarI vi0 saM0 1519 kI milI hai / ataH kavi ko vi0 saM0 1472 se pUrva mAnane meM koI virodha nahIM hai| premI jI ke mata ke anusAra kavi 13 vIM zatI aura vinayasAgara ke anusAra 14 vIM zatI meM huye the| 13. jaina meghadUta (mestuMga AcAya) neminAtha evaM rAjImatI ke prasaMga ko lekara yaha dUsarA dUtakAvya hai / isameM kavi ne pahale dUtakAvya kI taraha meghadUta ko samasyApUrti kA Azraya nahIM liyA hai| yaha nAma sAmya ke atirikta zailI, racanA, vibhAga Adi aneka bAtoM se svatantra hai / isameM cAra sarga haiM aura pratyeka sarga meM kramazaH 50, 49, 55, 42 padya haiM / neminAtha dvArA pazuoM kA cItkAra sunanA tathA vivAha parityAga kara mArga se hI revataka (giranAra) parvata para munivat tapasyA karanA, rAjImatI dvArA murchita honA, sakhiyoM dvArA upacAra, rAjImatI dvArA hoza meM AnA, tathA apane samakSa upasthita megha ko apane virakta pati kA paricaya dekara apane priyatama ko rijhAne ke liye dUta ke rUpa meM cunanA tathA apanI duHkhita avasthA kA varNana kara apanA sandeza sunAnA varNita hai / sandeza ko sunakara sakhiyA~ rAjImatI ko samajhAtI haiM ki neminAtha manuSya bhava ko saphala banAne ke liye vItarAgI huye haiN| kahA~ megha tathA kahA~ tumhArA saMdeza aura kahA~ unakI vItarAgI pravRtti, ina sabakA mela nahIM baiThatA aura na hI aba neminAtha anurAga kI ora hI pravRtta ho sakate / anta meM rAjImatI zoka tyAga kara neminAtha ke pAsa jAkara sAdhvI bana jAtI haiN| 14. harivaMzapurANa (sakalakIrti, jinadAsa) ___jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa ke AdhAra para racita isa kRti meM 80 sarga haiN| isameM harivaMza kulotpana 22veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha, zrIkRSNa tathA unake samakAlIna kaurava pANDavoM kA varNana hai| racayitA : racanAkAla , isa aMka ke prathamAMza 14 sargoM kI racanA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura zeSa sargoM kI racanA unake ziSya brahmajinadAsa ne kI hai / inake samaya ke sambandha meM vivAda hai / DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla inakA janma vi0 saM0 1443 (san 1386 I0) aura svargavAsa 1499 mAnate haiM / jaba ki jyotiprasAda jaina ne janma 1418 aura mRtyu 1499 mAnA hai aura DA0 joharAkarapura 1. dra0 jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa (nAthUrAma premI) 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-549

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya dvArA nirdhArita kAla 1450-1 meM DUMgarapura ke saMsthApaka tathA bAgaDa (sAgavADA) baDa sAjana pada ke bhI saMsthApaka the / inhoMne saMskRta meM 28 tathA 6 rAjasthAnI bhASA meM grantha likhe / 15. harivaMzapurANa (brahmajinadAsa) yaha saMskRta racita purANa kAvya 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha aura zrIkRSNa ke vaMza meM utpanna vyaktiyoM para likhA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA brahma jinadAsa the / ye saMskRta ke mahAn vidvAn aura kavi the / ye kundakundAnvayI sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti ke kaniSTha bhrAtA aura ziSya the / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1450-1525 (san 1393-1468 I0) hai / 16. neminAtha mahAkAvya (zrI kIrtirAja upAdhyAya) ___kAvyAtmaka dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa kRti hai / isameM 12 sarga haiM jisameM 703 padya haiM / sargoM ke nirmANa meM vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / bhASA, mAdhurya evaM prasAdaguNa yukta hai / yaha kAvyaracanA pUrNarUpa se bhagavAn neminAtha para racita hai, jisameM mahAkAvya ke sabhI guNa vidyamAna __isa kAvyaracanA meM pUrva bhavoM kA varNana ekadama chor3a diyA hai / prathama sarga meM cyavana kalyANaka, dUsare sarga meM prabhAta varNana, tIsare sarga meM janma kalyANaka, caturtha sarga meM dikkumAriyoM kA Agamana, pA~caveM sarga meM meruvarNana, chaThe sarga meM janmotsava, sAtaveM sarga meM janmotsava AThaveM sarga meM SaDRtuoM kA varNana, naveM sarga meM kanyAlAbha, dazaveM sarga meM dIkSA varNana, gyArahaveM sarga meM moha saMyama, yuddha varNana tathA bArahaveM sarga meM janArdana kA Agamana aura unake dvArA stuti tathA neminAtha kA mokSa varNana diyA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla kAvya ke kartA kA nAma zrI kIrtirAja upAdhyAya hai, jaisA ki kAvya meM 12veM sarga se sUcita hotA hai / inake samaya ke viSaya meM eka hasta likhita prati upalabdha hai - "saM0 1495 varSe zrI yoginI pure (dillI) likhitamidam sambhavataH yahI yA isase pUrva hI kavi kA samaya hai / eka anumAna hai ki kavi kharataragaccha ke the / 17. neminAthacarita (guNavijayagaNi) ____yaha carita grantha saMskRta padya ke 13 vibhAgoM meM nirmita hai / grantha 5285 zloka pramANa hai|' isa caritrakAvya meM neminAtha ke pUrva nava bhavoM kA, neminAtha aura rAjImatI kA nava bhavoM 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-51 4.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga 6, pR0 116 2.tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0-340 5.vahI, pR0 -116 3.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-116

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52 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kA uttarottara Adarza prema, pati-patnI kA alaukika sneha, rAjImatI kA vairAgya, sAdhvI jIvana, neminAtha kI bAlakrIr3A, dIkSA, kaivalyajJAna, mokSa-gamana kA sundara varNana hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA tapAgaccha ke harivijayasUrIzvara ke paTTadhara kanakavijaya paNDita ke praziSya aura vAcaka vivekaharSa ke ziSya guNavijayagaNi haiM / inhoMne saurASTra ke surapattana zahara ke pAsa dragabandara meM vi0saM0 1768 (san 1711 I0) ko ASAr3ha paMcamI ko yaha grantha prAraMbha kiyA aura zrAvaNa SaSThI ko samApta kiyA thA / 18. laghutriSaSTizalAkApuruSacarita (meghavijaya upAdhyAya) ____ yaha caritrakAvya triSaSTizalAkA purUSacarita ke anukaraNa para nirmita hai / prastuta caritakAvya meM bhI neminAtha kA carita aMkita kiyA gayA hai / / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA meghavijaya upAdhyAya haiM / inhoMne anya granthoM ke anta meM prazastiyoM dI hai jinakA racanAkAla vi0saM0 1709-1750 (san 1652-1703 I0) hai| 19. neminarendrastotra (jagannAtha kavi) ____ jagannAtha kavi saMskRta ke eka acche kavi haiM jinake dvArA 22 veM tIrthaGkara ke Upara eka stotra likhA gayA hai, vaha hai "neminarendrastotra" / racayitA : racanAkAla ye bhaTTAraka narendrakIrti ke ziSya the / inakA samaya 17 vIM zatI kA anta tathA 18vIM zatAbdI kA prArambha thA / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1729 (san 1672 I0) meM vAgbhaTTAlaMkAra kI kavicandrikA nAma kI TIkA likhI hai|' 20. harivaMzapurANa (jinasena) yaha mahAkAvya kI zailI para likhA eka purANa hai / isa graMtha kA mukhya viSaya harivaMza meM utpanna hue 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA caritra varNita karanA hai / isakA dUsarA nAma "ariSTanemipurANasaMgraha" bhI hai / neminAtha kA itanA varNana isase pUrva anyatra kahIM dekhane ko nahIM milatA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ grantha kI samApti para 66 veM sarga meM eka mahattvapUrNa prazasti dI gaI hai, jisase jJAta hotA hai ki isake racayitA punnATa saMghIya jinasena haiM / inake guru kA nAma kIrtiSeNa aura dAdAguru 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 117 3.tIvara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-91 2.vahI, pR0 - 77 4.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-43

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 53 kA nAma jinasena thA / jinasena ne isa grantha kI racanA zaka saM0 705 (san 783 I0) vi0 saM0 840 meM kI thii| 21. neminAyapurANa (zrIbrahmanemidatta) isa purANe grantha kI racanA 16 adhikAroM meM kI gaI hai aura isameM neminAtha kA caritra aMkita kiyA gayA hai / unake garbha, janma, tapa, jJAna aura kevalya ina pA~coM kalyANakoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana AyA hai / / neminAtha kI apUrva zakti se prabhAvita hokara rAjanItijJa zrI kRSNa dvArA prastuta kI gaI kUTanIti kA bhI citraNa hai / zrIkRSNa kI kUTanIti ke kAraNa hI neminAtha virakta hote haiM / bilakhatI huI rAjula ke A~suoM kA prabhAva bhI una para nahIM par3atA / kavi ne sabhI marmasparzI kathAoM kA udghATana kiyA hai / anta meM isa carita ko mokSa pada batAyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa purANakAvya ke racayitA zrI brahmanemidatta haiM / ye mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke vidvAna bhaTTAraka mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya the / isa grantha kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1885 (san 1828 I0) hai| 22. saptasandhAna (mahopAdhyAya meghavijaya) yaha kAvya nau sargoM meM likhA gayA hai / pratyeka padya meM zleSa dvArA RSabha, zAnti, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra ina pA~coM tIrthaDaroM evaM rAma aura kRSNa ina sAta mahApuruSoM ke caritra nikalate haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ isa sandhAna ke racayitA 18 vIM zatI ke mahopAdhyAya meghavijaya haiM jinakI racanA saM0 1760 (san 1703 I0) meM kI gaI hai| 23. neminAtha stotra (vastupAla) yaha eka neminAtha para racita stotra racanA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA vastupAla haiM / inakA racanAkAla 18 vIM zatI hai / 24. neminAthacarita (sUrAcArya) yaha 22 veM tIrthaGkara para racita eka kAvya hai / / 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0.46 / 2. tIra mahAvara aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-3, pR0 402-404 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 -529 4. vahI, pR0-529 5. draSTavya - vahI, pR0 -501 6. draSTavya - vahI, pR0 - 115

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54 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam.: eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA sUrAcArya haiM / (racanAkAla anupalabdha hai) 25. nemidvisaMdhAna himacandrasari) isa sandhAna ke kartA ajitadeva ke ziSya hemacandrasUri haiN| 26. neminAthapurANa (bhAgacandra) racayitA : racanAkAla paNDita bhAgacandra dvArA racita neminAthapurANa upalabdha hai| inakA racanAkAla 19 vIM zatAbdI kA anta tathA bIsavIM zatAbdI kA prathama bhAga hai / ye saMskRta tathA hindI donoM bhASAoM ke marmajJa vidvAna thora 27. neminAthacarita (udayaprabha) san 1299 ke lagabhaga nAgendragaccha ke vijayasUri ke ziSya udayaprabha ne bhI 2100 grantha pramANa neminAthacarita kI racanA kI / ' 28. nemibhaktAmarakAvya (prANapriyakAvya) (ratanasiMhasari) ___ yaha kAvya nemi rAjImatI kI stuti meM racA gayA kAvya hai / isameM 49 paca hai / isa kAvya kA dUsarA nAma prANapriya kAvya bhI hai| racayitA : racanAkAla yaha kAvya dharmasiMha ke ziSya ratnasiMhasUri kRta hai / (racanAkAla anupalabdha hai) 29. nemicaritra stotra divendrasUri) yaha devendrasUri kRta neminAtha para racita stotra hai / (racanAkAla anupalabdha hai) 30. samAmRta (ralasiMha) yaha eka neminAtha para AdhArita ekAMkI chAyA nATaka hai / isakI prastAvanA meM kahA gayA hai - bhagavataH zrIneminAthasya yAtrA mahotsave vidvadbhiH sabhAsadbhirAdiSTo'smi / yathA neminAthasya samAmRtaM nAma chAyA nATaka abhinayasveti / racayitA : racanAkAla isa ekAMkI ke racayitA kA nAma ratnasiMha hai / yadyapi kartA ne apanA samaya va anya paricaya nahIM diyA hai para sambhava hai ki ye neminAthacarita para AdhArita prANapriyakAvya ke kartA hoN| 31. pANDavacarita (davaprabhasUrimaladhArigaccha) ___ yaha caritrakAvya jaina paramparA ke anusAra varNita hai / pANDavoM ke caritra ke sAtha-sAtha neminAtha kA caritra bhI svataH hI A gayA hai / - 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 115 2. tIrthara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-4, pR0 297298 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 -115. 4. vahI, pR0-567 5. vahI, pR0 -589 hI, pR0-49

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya racayitA : racanAkAla isa caritakAvya ke racayitA devaprabhasUrimaladhArigaccha the / (racanAkAla anupalabdha hai) 32. mahApuruSacarita (mestuMga) isa racanA meM 5 sarga haiM jinameM 5 tIrthaDuroM kA varNana hai jisameM tRtIya sarga meM neminAtha kA varNana AyA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA merutuMga haiM / (racanAkAla anupalabdha hai) 33. neminirvANa kAvya (brahma nemidatta) _ yaha neminAtha para racita kAvya hai / isake racayitA zrI brahmanemidatta haiM / isa kAvya kI prati IDara meM prApta hai| 34. neminirvANa kAvyapajjikATIkA (bhaTTAraka jJAna bhUSaNa) yaha eka saMskRta raMcanA hai jisake racayitA kA nAma bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa haiM / anya prakAzita nemicaritoM ke lekhaka tilakAcArya (granthAna 3500 zloka) narasiMha, bhojasAgara, hariSeNa, maMgarasa tathA mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya brahmanemidatta kA ullekha milatA hai / brahmanemidatta kI kRti kA nAma neminirvANa tathA nemipurANa bhI hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1636 meM huI thI / isameM 16 sarga haiM / racayitA ne apane ko mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha kA mAnA prAkata 36. neminAha cariya (jinezvara) ... yaha neminAtha para racita prAkRta racanA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla yaha racanA jinezvarakRta hai jo vi0 saM0 1175 (san 1118 I0) hai| 37. neminAha cariya (malladhArI hemacandra) yaha bhI prAkRta racanA upalabdha hai| isa prAkRta racanA ke racanAkAra malladhArI hemacandra (harSapurIyagaccha abhayadeva ke ziSya) haiM / isakA 5100 granthAna pramANa haiM jo 12vIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha ke haiM / 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihasa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 77 4.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 87 2.tIrthara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-3, pR0-404 5.vahI, pR0 - 87 3.vahI, pR0 - 352 6.vahIM, pR0 - 88

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56 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 38. neminAha cariya (rlprbhsuuri)| ___yaha eka gadya-padyamaya racanA hai jo chaH adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai / yaha neminAtha para racita vizAla racanA hai / isakA granthAna 13600 pramANa hai| racayitA : racanAkAla __ isa racanA ke racayitA bRhadgaccha ke vAdidevasUri ke ziSya ratanaprabhasUri hai jisakI racanA vi0 saM0 1233 (san 1976 I0) kI hai| 39. kRSNacarita : kaNhacariya divendrasUri) ___ yaha carita zrAddha dina kRtya nAmaka grantha ke antargata dRSTAnta rUpa meM AyA hai| yaha eka prAkRta meM racita kAvya hai / isake antargata hI neminAthacarita (nami nirvANa) kA varNana huA hai / isameM vasudeva, kRSNa, cArudatta, balarAma, neminAtha Adi kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA tapAgacchIya devendrasUri haiM / inakA samaya 14 vIM zatAbdI hai| apavaMza 40. neminAhacariu kI prazasti (haribhadrasUri) yaha apabhraMza bhASA meM 23 padyoM meM likhita prazasti hai / racayitA : racanAkAla __isa grantha ke lekhaka AcArya haribhadrasUri haiM jo saM0 1216 (san 1959 I0) meM kumArapAla ke rAjyakAla meM huye haiM / mantrI pRthvIpAla kI preraNA se AcArya ne yaha grantha likhA thaa| isalie granthakAra ne apanI guru paramparA ke paricaya ke sAtha isa mantrI ke pUrvajoM kA bhI thor3A bahuta paricaya diyA hai| 41. miNAha cariu (mahAkavi raiyU) isa caritakAvya meM zrI neminAtha (22veM tIrthaGkara) kA jIvana carita varNita hai / isakI kathAvastu 14 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta hai aura 302 kaDavaka haiM / isa paurANika mahAkAvya meM bhI rasa, alaMkAra Adi kI yojanA huI hai / isa kAvya meM purANa darzana ke tattva bhI samRddha rUpa se prayukta haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla NemiNAhacariu ke racayitA kavi raidhU haiM / inakA dUsarA nAma siMhasena thA / inake pitA kA nAma harisiMha aura pitAmaha kA nAma saMghapati devarAja thA / unakI mA~ kA nAma vijakatrI aura 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 87 2. vahI, pR0-88 3. vahI, pR0-131 4. vahI, pR0 - 443

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tIrthakara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 57 patnI kA nAma sAvitrI thA / inake udayarAja nAma kA putra utpanna huA / putra ke janma ke samaya kavi NemiNAhacariu kI racanA kara rahe the| kavi kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1457 se 1536 (san 1400 se 1479 I0) siddha hotA hai / 2 42. niNAhacariu (amara kIrtigaNi). yaha caritakAvya bhI apabhraMza bhASA meM racita hai jisameM tIrthakura zrI neminAtha kA caritra varNita hai| prasaMgavaza kRSNa va usake cacere bhAiyoM kA bhI carita pAyA jAtA hai| isameM 25 sandhiyA~ haiM jisakI zloka saMkhyA 6895 hai / 3 racayitA : racanAkAla yaha grantha amarakIrtigaNi dvArA racita hai / kavi kI muni gaNi aura sUri upAdhiyA~ haiM / isa grantha ko kavi ne vi0 saM0 1244 bhAdrapada zuklA caturdazI ko samApta kiyA thA / vi0 saM0 1512 kI isakI prati sonAgira ke bhaTTArakIya zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / 43. miNAhacariu ( dAmodara) apabhraMza bhASA meM racita yaha 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha para likhA gayA caritakAvya hai / isameM pA~ca sandhiyA~ haiM / yaha caritakAvya ADaMbarahIna tathA gambhIra arthapUrNa hai jinameM neminAtha kI kathA sAdhAraNa rUpa se guMphita hai / I racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma dAmodara hai| yaha racanA vi0 saM0 1287 (san 1230 I0) meM likhI gaI hai / kavi ne apane guru kA nAma dAmodara batAyA hai jo gaNadhara ke paTTadhara ziSya the / grantha ke puSpikA vAkya meM kavi ne yaha svayaM ullekha kiyA hai / * 44. miNAhacariu (kavi lakSmaNadeva) NemiNAhacariu kI do pANDulipiyA~ upalabdha haiN| eka pANDulipi paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM surakSita hai / dUsarI pANDulipi paTodI zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura meM hai| yaha prAcIna apabhraMza kAvya racanA hai| isa grantha meM cAra sandhiyA~ haiM aura 83 kar3avaka haiM / grantha pramANa 1350 zloka ke lagabhaga hai / 1. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga 4, pR0 201-202 2. mahAkavi raibU sAhitya kA AlocanAtmaka parizIlana pR0 120. 3. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga - 4, pR0 158 4. iva NemiNAha carie mahAmuNi kamalabhaTTa paccakkhe mahAkaI-kapiTaTha dAmodara viraie paMDita rAmaMvara Aesie mahAkav malhasuaNamma eva AyeNNie Nemi NivvANamaNaM paMcamo pariccheo sammato / tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga - 4, pR0 - 195 vahI, bhAga- 4, pR0 207 5.

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58 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana prathama sandhi meM maMgala stavana ke anantara sajjana durjana smaraNa kiyA gayA hai / tadantara kavi ne apanI alpajJatA pradarzita kI hai / magadha deza aura rAjagRha nagara ke varNana ke pazcAt kavi rAjA zreNika dvArA gautama gaNadhara se neminAtha kA carita varNita karane ke liye anurodha karatA hai / varADa deza meM dvAravatI nagarI meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA janma samudravijaya ke yahA~ huA / dUsarI sandhi meM neminAtha kI yuvAvasthA, vasanta varNana, jalakrIDA, Adi ke prasaMga, neminAtha ke parAkrama se kRSNa ko IrSyA, virakti kA prayAsa, jUnAgar3ha ke rAjA kI putrI se vivAha, bArAta kA sajadhaja ke jUnAgar3ha prasthAna, neminAtha kI dRSTi bAr3e meM baMdhe cItkAra karate pazuoM para jAnA, dayAlu-hRdaya pIr3A se yukta honA, vivAha parityAga, pazu chur3avAnA, vana ko prasthAna, vApasa lauTAne kA prayAsa viphala, anta meM Urjayanta giri para gamana aura sahasnAma vana meM vastrAlaMkAra tyAgakara digaMbara mudrA dhAraNa karanA Adi ghaTanAoM kA varNana hai / / - tIsarI sandhi meM rAjImati kI viyogAvasthA, virakti tathA tapazcaraNa ke lie Atma sAdhanA meM pravRtta honaa| cauthI sandhi meM tapazcaryA ke dvArA neminAtha ko kaivalya jJAna prApti honA, samavazaraNa sabhA, prANi kalyANArtha dharmopadeza aura anta meM nirvANa prApta karanA / isa grantha meM zrAvakAcAra aura muni AcAra kA bhI varNana AyA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ isa caritakAvya ke racayitA kavi lakSmaNa deva haiM / isa grantha kI puSpikAoM meM kavi ne apane Apako ratnadeva kA putra kahA hai jinakI yaha ekamAtra racanA hai / isakA lekhanakAla vi0 saM0 1592 hai / isakI do pANDulipiyA~ upalabdha hai / eka pANDulipi paMcAyatI mandira dillI meM surakSita hai / isa grantha kI dUsarI pANDulipi vi0 saM0 1510 kI likhI huI prApta hotI hai| hindI 45. neminAtha phAgu (rAjazekhara sUri) yaha eka neminAtha para racita bhaktipradhAna kAvya hai| isameM 27 padya haiM jisameM saundarya citraNa bhI huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA rAjazekharasUri haiM jo harSapUrIyagaccha ke koTikagaNa se sambandhita munitilakasUri ke ziSya the / isa phAgu kI racanA kavi ne vi0 saM0 1405 (san 1348 I0) ke lagabhaga kI thii| 1. tIrthAra malavIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0-208 2.vahI, pR0 - 208 3. "nemi zIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha - DA0 ku0 indurAya jaina "anekAnta varSa 39, kiraNa 4, aktU disaM086 pR08

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 46. neminAtha vivAha (guNakIti) neminAtha vivAha meM 44 kar3avaka haiM / isameM zrIkRSNa dvArA neminAtha ke vivAha sambandha kA nizcaya aura vivAha ke avasara para mAre jAne vAle pazuoM kA karuNa krandana sunakara neminAtha kA virakta honA varNita hai| 47. neminAtha jinadIkSA (guNa kIti) isameM 45 kar3avaka haiM jinameM neminAtha kI tapasyA aura mukti kA varNana hai / 48. neminAtha pAlanA (guNa kIti) isameM 19 kar3avaka haiM jisameM bAlaka neminAtha ke jhUle meM jhUlane kA varNana hai / / racayitA : racanAkAla __ ina kaDavakoM ke racayitA guNakIrti haiM / inakI racanAoM meM sakalakIrti bhuvanakIrti aura brahmajinadAsa kA guru rUpa meM ullekha hai / isase anumAna hotA hai ki guNadAsa kA hI munidIkSA ke bAda kA nAma guNakIrti hogA / ' inake sAhityika jIvana kA Arambha san 1450 I0 ke AsapAsa spaSTa hotA hai / 49. neminAtha navarasa phAgu (somasundarasUri) isa phAgu kI bhASA para prAkRta evaM gujarAtI kA paryApta prabhAva hai / isameM kavi ne tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke prati apanI ananya bhakti ko nivedita kiyA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA somasundarasUri haiM / inakA samaya IsA kI pandrahavIM zatAbdI hai|' 50. neminAtha vivAhalo (upAdhyAya jayasAgara) prastuta racanA meM neminAtha ke vivAha kI romAMcaka ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla kRti ke racayitA upAdhyAya jayasAgara haiM / kAvya kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1418 (san 1361 I0) ke lagabhaga hai| 51. neminAtha chanda (zubhacandra) ___yaha eka hindI meM racita chanda racanA hai jo 22 veM tIrthaGkara bhagavAn neminAtha ke pAvana caritra para AdhArita hai, jisameM nemi jina kA citraNa 25 padyoM meM kiyA gayA hai|" 1.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga -7, pR0 - 209 2.vahI, pR0 208 3.vahI, bhAga-7, pR0-208 4.vahI, pR0-207 5.mizIrSaka hindI sAhitya, anekAnta, aktU- disaM0 1986, pR0-8 6.vahI, pR0 -8 vizeSa jAnakArI ke lie dra0 - hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi (DA0 premasAgara jaina) pR0 52 7.tIrthara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 - 387

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta chanda kAvya zrI zubhacandra kavi dvArA racita hai / ye bhaTTAraka zubhacandra vijayakIrti ke ziSya the / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1535 se 1620 (san 1478 se 1563 I0) kA 52. neminAtha rAsa (jinasena bhaTTAraka) prastuta rAsa bhI zrI neminAtha ke caritra para citrita hai / isa rAsakAvya meM nemi jina kA janma, bArAta, vivAha, kaMkaNa ko chor3akara vairAgya grahaNa karanA, tatpazcAt kaivalya prApti evaM nirvANa lAbha, ina sabhI ghaTanAoM kA saMkSepa meM varNana huA hai| yaha rAsa prabandha kAvya hai aura jIvana kI samasta pramukha ghaTanAeM isameM citrita haiM / samasta racanA meM 92 padya haiM / isakI prati jayapura ke digaMbara jaina bar3A mandira terahapanthI zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai / rAsa kI bhASA rAjasthAnI mizrita hai jisa para gujarAtI kA prabhAva hai / / racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta rAsa jinasena bhaTTAraka (dvitIya) kI ekamAtra kRti hai, jisakI racanA vi0 saM0 1516 (san 1459 I0) pauSa zuklA pUrNimA hai / 53. nemijina vandanA (dhanapAla) isa grantha meM ajamera ke digambara jaina mandira sAMvalA bAga meM neminAtha kI stuti kI gaI racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA dhanapAla haiM jo kavidelha ke putra the| delha kI buddhi prakAza, vizAlakIrti kRtiyA~ upalabdha huI haiM / inake putra ukkussI acche kavi the / kavi khaNDelavAla digambara jaina pahAr3iyA the / DA0 kAsalIvAla ne inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1525-1590 (san 1468-1533) mAnA hai / 54. nemicarita rAsa (brahmajIvayara) yaha rAsa kAvya bhI nemi ke carita para racA gayA hai jisameM 115 padya haiM / ' vasanta Rtu ke varNana ke mAdhyama se kavi ne 22 veM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA caritra aMkita kiyA hai / vasanta varNana meM kavi ne purAnI rUr3hi ke anusAra aneka vRkSoM, phaloM, phUloM ke nAmoM kI gaNanA kI hai / kathAnaka isa prakAra hai : 1. tIrthakara mahAvara aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 387 2. vahIM, bhAga-3, pR0 - 386 3. bAI ajItamati evaM usameM samakAlIna kavi, pR0 95-96 4. draSTavya - tIrthara mAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-3, pR0 388-389

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61 tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya vasantotsava manAne ke lie dvAravatI ke sabhI nara-nArI jana ullAsa se bhara rahe haiM aura ToliyoM ke rUpa meM vana kI ora jA rahe haiM / nemi jina bhI apanI bhAbhiyoM kI preraNA se vasantotsava meM jAne ke lie taiyAra ho jAte haiM / vana meM pahu~cakara sabhI ne vasantotsava sampanna kiyA / vasantotsava se vApasa lauTane para kavi ne prasiddha ghaTanA kI ora dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA hai / eka dina sabhA meM nemi jina ke bala kA kathana ho rahA thA / baladeva ne kahA ki nemi jina se bar3ha kara koI zaktizAlI nahIM hai / isa kathana ko sunakara zrIkRSNa ko abhimAna utpanna ho jAtA hai aura unhoMne nemi jina se kahA ki yadi Apa adhika balazAlI haiM to mallayuddha karake dekha lIjie / taba nemijina ne uttara diyA - "yoddhA mallayuddha karate haiM satya hai, para rAjakumAroM ke bIca zakti-parIkSaNa ke lie mallayuddha kA honA ucita nahIM hai / yadi tumheM mere bala kI parIkSA karanI hai to mere hAtha yA paira kI aMgulI ko jhukAo / lekina zrIkRSNa hAtha yA paira kI aMgulI ko nahIM jhukA sake / nemi ne apanI aMgulI se hI zrIkRSNa ko jhukA diyA / unheM unakI zakti kA parijJAna huA / jaba nemi ke vivAha kA upakrama kiyA gayA to zrIkRSNa ne SaDyantra kara pazuoM ko eka bAr3e meM ekatra kara diyA / jaba bArAta jUnAgar3ha pahu~cI to nemi jina pazuoM kA karuNa krandana suna virakta ho gaye / unhoMne digambarI dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura Urjayanta giri para tapasyA karane cale gye| jaba rAjula ko nemijina kI virakti kA samAcAra milA to mUrchita hokara gira pdd'ii| vaha sakhiyoM ke sAtha giranAra parvata para jAne ke lie taiyAra ho gayI / mAtA-pitA gurujanoM ne bahuta samajhAyA para vaha nahIM mAnI aura dIkSA lekara tapazcaraNa karane meM saMlagna ho gaI / isa prakAra nemicarita rAsa ucca koTi kA kAvya hai / racayitA : racanAkAla - isa kAvya ke racayitA zrI bhaTTAraka brahmajIvandhara haiM / ye bhaTTAraka somakIrti ke praziSya evaM yamaHkIrti ke ziSya the / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 16 vIM zatAbdI hai / / 55. neminAtha vasanta (kavi valha) (bUcirAja) kavi valha dvArA racita yaha racanA bhI padyAtmaka hai jisameM 23 padya haiM / basanta Rtu kA rocaka varNana karane ke bAda neminAtha ne akAraNa pazuoM ko ghirA huA dekhakara aura sArathI se atithiyoM ke lie pazuoM ke vadha kI bAta sunakara virakta ho raivataka giri para jAnA varNita hai / rAjImatI kA viraha evaM tapasvinI ke rUpa meM AtmasAdhanA varNita hai / isa prakAra yaha bhI caritra pradhAna kAvya racanA hai| 1. tIrthara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-3, pR0 - 387 2. vahIM, bhAga-4, pR0 233

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA - kavi valha (bUcirAja) haiM / kavi valha yA bUcirAja mUlasaMgha ke bhaTTAraka padmanandi kI paramparA meM huye haiM / ye rAjasthAna ke nivAsI the| ye eka acche kavi the / inakA samaya paThana pAThana Adi meM vyatIta hotA thA / kavi apabhraMza tathA loka bhASA ke bhI acche jAnakAra the / inakI racanAoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya vi0 saM0 kI 16vIM zatI pratIta hotA hai / 56. neminAtha bArahamAsA (kavi valha) bhagavAn neminAtha para racita neminAtha bArahamAsA kAvya milatA hai jisameM bAraha mahInoM meM rAjImatI ne apane udgAroM ko vyakta kiyA hai tathA vibhinna mahInoM caitra, baisAkha, jyeSTha, ASAr3ha, vibhinna prakAra kI vizeSatAoM tathA prAkRtika saundarya ke kAraNa rAjImatI ko udvelita kiyA gayA hai aura vaha neminAtha ko sambodhita kara apane bhAvoM ko vyakta karatI hai / yaha kRti sarasa tathA mArmika hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ isa kAvya ke racayitA kavi valha haiM / kavi kA samaya vi0 saM0 kI 16vIM zatI kA uttarArddha hai / neminAthabasanta ke sandarbha meM inakA paricaya isake ThIka pUrva diyA gayA hai / 57. nemijinezvara saMgIta (kavi maMgarasa) eka neminAtha para racita saMgIta racanA hai / jisameM saMgIta kI anupama chaTA hai / sabhI rAga rAganiyA~ isake caraNoM para leTatI haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla isa saMgIta racanA ke racayitA kavi maMgarasa haiM / inakA samaya I0 san 1508 hai / inakA gItikAroM tathA prabandhakAroM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ' 58. nemizvara kA bArahamAsA (bUcarAja) isa kRti meM rAga baDahAnuke kula 12 padya haiM jinheM prArambha zrAvaNa mAsa se karake ASAr3ha para samApta kiyA hai / yaha guTakA digambara jaina mandira nAgadI bUMdI meM hai / 59. neminAtha basanta (bUcarAja) yaha eka laghu racanA hai jisameM vasanta Rtu ke Agamana kA AdhyAtmika zailI meM rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| 2. vahI, pR0 - 233 1. tIrthara mahIvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0 - 230 3. vahI, bhAga-3, pR0 443 4. kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi, pR0.87

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63 tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 60. nemIzvara gIta (bUcarAja) yaha bhI eka neminAtha viSayaka laghugIti hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ina kAvya kRtiyoM ke racanAkAra bUcarAja haiM jo vikrama kI 16vIM zatI ke antima caraNa ke pramukha kaviyoM meM se the / inake vacA, valha, vIlha, valhava nAma bhI lokapriya rahe tathA ye bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti ke ziSya the / bArahamAsA meM kavi ne apanA nAma bUcA kahakara ullekha kiyA hai / 61. nemIzvara ko uragAno (zrAvaka catarumala athavA cavarumala) ___ yaha eka "uragAno" saMjJaka racanA hai / kavi ne spaSTa kiyA hai ki guNoM ko vistAra se kahane vAle kAvya ko uragAno (kAvya) kahate haiM / kavi ne nemi dvArA vivAha maNDapa se virakta ho lauTa Ane aura vairAgya dhAraNa karane kI mArmika kathA ko 45 padoM meM prabhAvapUrNa DhaMga se abhivyakta kiyA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla yaha kAvya zrAvaka catarumala athavA cavarumala dvArA racita hai / kRti kI racanA vi0saM0 1571 (I0 san 1514) meM gvAliyara meM bhAdava badI paMcamI somavAra meM kI gaI thI / kavi kI yaha sabase bar3I racanA hai / / 62. nemirAjamatIveli (kaviThakkurasI) isakA dUsarA nAma nemIzvaraveli bhI hai / isameM neminAtha aura rAjula ke vivAha prasaMga se lekara vairAgya dhAraNa karane evaM anta meM nirvANa prApta karane taka kI saMkSipta kathA dI gaI hai| sampUrNa veli meM 10 dohe haiM / 5 paddhaDiyA chanda haiM / isakI bhASA braja hai tathA rAjasthAnI kA prabhAva hai / nemi-rAjamati beli kI pANDulipiyA~ rAjasthAna ke kitane hI bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hotI haiM / jinameM jayapura, ajamera ke granthAgAra bhI haiM / parantu 20 chandoM vAlI isa veli ko DA0 kAsalIvAla ne "kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi" pustaka meM prakAzita karavA diyA racayitA : racanAkAla isa veli ke racayitA kavivara ThakkurasI haiM / ThakkurasI rAjasthAna ke DhUMDhADa kSetra ke kavi the / inhoMne svayaM apanI kRti "meghamAlA kahA" meM DhUMDhAhaDa zabda kA ullekha kiyA hai / 1. ASAr3ha caDiyA bharADa bUcA nemi ajau na AiyA / / ' nemIsvara kA bArahamAsA, "kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi", pR0 - 23 2. kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi, pR0 159-160 3. vahI, pR0 240-241 4.vahI, pR0 - 238

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana "meghamAlA kahA" kA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1580 (san 1523 I0) hai / ataH inakA racanAkAla 16 vIM zatI hai| 63. nemiraMgaralAkarachanda (kavi lAvaNya samaya) (laghurAja) prastuta kRti kI 17 patroM vAlI prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra (aba mahAvIra jI meM sthAnAntarita) meM saMgrahIta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta kRti ke racanAkAra kavi lAvaNyasamaya haiM / inake bacapana kA nAma laghurAja thA aura ve 16 vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM meM se eka the| (lAvaNyasamayakRta - "rAjulavirahagIta" athavA "rAjulanemi abolA" kI prati bhI ukta zAstra bhaNDAra meM. hai) 64. neminAtha stavana (kavi dhanapAla) neminAtha stavana athavA nemijinavandanA 5 chandoM kI laghu kRti hai jisameM neminAtha ke toraNodvAra se lauTane, rAjula kA tyAga, giranAra parvata para tapa evaM nemi nirvANa kA sundara varNana huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA kavi dhanapAla haiM jo prasiddha kavi delha ke putra tathA ThakkurasI ke anuja the / inakA samaya saM0 1525 se 1590 (1468-1533 I0) taka mAnA jAtA hai| 65. nemIzvara rAsa yA harivaMza rAsa (brahmajinadAsa) __isa kRti ko harivaMza rAsa bhI kahate haiM / kavi ne neminAtha ke garbha cyavana se lekara nirvANa taka kI kathA kahI hai aura prAsaMgika rUpa se zrIkRSNa aura pANDavoM kI kathA bhI anusyUta hai| yaha kRti tIna hajAra zloka pramANa hai / yaha hindI kA jaina mahAbhArata bhI kahA jAtA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA brahmajinadAsa haiM / jinadAsa nAma ke kaI kaviyoM kA ullekha milatA hai parantu vivecya jinadAsa bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya evaM anuja the| ye saMskRta ke prakANDa vidvAn the aura pahale neminAtha purANa kI racanA saMskRta meM kI thI parantu bAda meM bahujana hitAya saMvat 1520 (1463 I0) meM svayaM hI uparyukta rAsa kI racanA hindI meM kii| 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita 'nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya, lekha anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 -9 2. mahAkavi brahmajinadAsa - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 - 42 3. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya", lekhaanekAnta, aktUbara - disambara, pR0 9 4. vahI, pR09

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tIrthara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 66. neminAba rAsa (muni puNyaratana) rAjasthAnI mizrita hindI bhASA meM prastuta neminAtha rAsa kI racanA huI hai / isa kRti kI eka pUrNa prati bhaTTArakIya digambara jaina mandira ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra veSTana 739 meM baddha hai / kula padya saMkhyA 69 hai| racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta rAsa ke racayitA muni puNyaratana hai / isa kRti kI racanA saM0 1586 (san 1529 I0) meM kI thI / kavi ke nAma se "neminAtha phAgu' kA bhI ullekha milatA hai jisakI prati digambara jaina mandira ke vijayarAma pAMDayA, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM guTakA naM0 14 veSTana 102 meM saMkalita hai| 67. neminAtha gIta (bahma0 yazodhara) prastuta gIta racanA tIna rUpoM meM milatI hai / prathama neminAthagIta 1581 kI hai / isa gIta meM18 antare haiM para isakI koI pUrNa prati abhI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI hai| dUsarA gIta rAga-soraThA meM nibaddha hai tathA gIta meM kula pA~ca chanda haiM / tIsarA neminAtha gIta apekSAkRta bar3I racanA hai jisameM kula 71 chanda haiM jo rAga gaur3I meM baddha haiM / gIta kI bhASA rAjasthAnI mizrita hai tathA isakA mUla pATha "AcArya somakIrti evaM brahma yazodhara" (DA0 kapUracanda kAsalIvAla) meM prakAzita ho gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta kAvya kI racanA 16 vIM zatAbdI ke prakhyAta kavi brahma yazodhara ne kI hai| 68. neminAtha stavana (bhadvAraka rAmacandra prathama) isa stavana meM kula 25 chanda haiM aura isa kRti ko neminAtha chanda bhI kahate haiM / isa kRti kA ullekha jinaratnakoza meM huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta stavana ke racayitA bhaTTAraka zubhacandra jo 16 vIM zatAbdI ke mUrdhanya bhaTTAraka rahe tathA jinhoMne pANDava purANa jaisA mahatvapUrNa grantha likhA, inhoMne hI hindI bhASA meM yaha stavana likhA 69. nemIzvara gIta (jayasAgara bhaTTAraka) "nemIzvara gIta" kI koI prati upalabdha nahIM tadapi inake dvArA racita "cunar3I gIta" 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAva jaina dvArA likhita nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya, lekha anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, 2. mahAkavi brahmajinadAsa - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 - 42 3. dra0- DA0 indurAva jaina dvArA likhita 'nemizIrSaka hindI sAhityaH, le0, aktU0 disa0, pR09 4.vahI, pR0 9

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana prakAzita ho gayA hai jise caritra cunar3I bhI kahate haiM / isa rUpaka gIta meM neminAtha ke vairAgya lene para rAjula ne cAritra cunar3I ko kisa prakAra dhAraNa kiyA, isakA 16 padyoM meM mArmika varNana huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta gIta ke racayitA jayasAgara bhaTTAraka, ratnakIrti ke pramukha ziSyoM meM se the parantu inake jIvana ke sambandha meM adhika jAnakArI nahIM miltii| 70. neminAtha bhavAntara (cimanA paNDita) yaha 11 padyoM kA gIta hai jisameM mAtA zivA devI aura neminAtha ke saMvAda ke rUpa meM unake pUrvajanmoM kA saMkSipta varNana hai / 71. neminAtha pAlanA (cimanA paNDita) yaha eka 18 padyoM kA gIta hai jisameM bAlaka neminAtha ke jhUle meM jhUlane kA varNana hai| racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta donoM racanAoM ke racayitA cimanA paNDita haiM jinakA samaya san 1650-1675 72. neminAtha bhavAntara (mahIcandra) neminAtha bhavAntara meM 71 kar3avaka haiM jinameM mAtA zivAdevI ke sAtha saMvAda ke rUpa meM neminAtha ke pUrvajanmoM kI kathA varNita hai|" racayitA : racanAkAla isa bhavAntara ke racayitA mahIcandra haiM jo lAtUra ke bhaTTAraka vizAlakIrti ke paTTaziSya the / inakA racanAkAla 17 vIM zatAbdI hai / / 73. nemi dharmopadeza evaM 74. neminAtha pUjA (brahma jJAnasAgara) uparyukta donoM racanAaiM kramazaH hindI tathA saMskRta meM likhI gaI haiM / jinameM neminAtha kA caritra aMkita kiyA gayA hai / ye racanAyeM bhASA bhAva kI dRSTi se sAdhAraNa haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla ina donoM racanAoM ke racayitA brahmajJAnasAgara haiM / inakI racanA 17 vIM zatAbdI meM kI 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita 'nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya", lekha anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0-10 2. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0-215 3.jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 - 215 4. vahI, pR0 - 220 5.vahI, pR0 - 219 6. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-3 pR0 443.

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 75. nemakumAra rAsa (zrI vIracandra) yaha eka neminAtha para racA gayA rAsa hai jo bhagavAna neminAtha kI vaivAhika ghaTanA para AdhArita hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa rAsa ke racayitA zrI vIracandra haiM / DA0 kastUracanda kAzalIvAla kI sUcanA ke anusAra isakI pANDulipi udayapura ke agravAla digaMbara jaina mandira ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM surakSita hai / isa grantha kI racanA vi0 saM0 1670 (san 1613 I0) meM samApta huI hai| svayaM AcArya ne likhA hai - "saMvat solahottari, zrAvaNa sudi guruvAra / dazamI ko dina saMpaDo, rAsa racyo manohAra / / yaha racanA gujarAtI mizrita rAjasthAnI meM hai / 76. rAjImatInemisura DhamAla (bhagavatIdAsa) isameM rAjImatI aura mikumAra ke jIvana caritra ko aMkita kiyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA kavi bhagavatI dAsa haiN| ye bhaTTAraka guNacandra ke paTadhara ke bhaTTAraka sakalacandra ke praziSya aura mahIndrasena ke ziSya the / inakA racanAkAla 17 vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha tathA 18 vIM kA pUrvArddha nizcita hai / kavi kI sabhI racanAyeM 17 vIM zatI meM sampanna huI 1 77. neminAtha kI AratI ( gaMgAdAsa ) * isameM 4 kaDavaka haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla AratI ke racayitA gaMgAdAsa haiM jo mUlataH gujarAtI the aura kAraMjA ke bhaTTAraka dharmacandra ziSya the / inakA racanAkAla satrahavIM zatAbdI hai / 78. nemIzvara gIta ( mahIcandra ) 67 isameM 10 kar3avaka haiM, jinameM rAjImatI kI viraha vedanA kA varNana hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA mahIcandra haiM jinakA samaya 17 vIM zatAbdI hai / 1. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-3, pR0 377 2. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga - 4, pR0240 3. AratI saMgraha (pra0 jinadAsa cavar3e, vardhA, 1926) meM pra0 dra0 - jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 7, pR0 - 220 4. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 7, pR0 - 220

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68 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 79. neminAtha vanhADa (vIradAsa pAsakIti) yaha 40 padhoM kA gIta hai, jisameM neminAtha ke vivAha kA apUrva samAroha varNana hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ____ isa padya gIta ke racayitA kA nAma vIradAsa (pAsakIti) hai / inakA samaya 17 vIM zatAbdI kA hai| 80. nemIzvara candrAyaNa (narendrakIti) yaha prati zrI mahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake kRtikAra bhUTAraka narendrakIrti the jo Amera gAdI ke saMsthApaka bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti ke ziSya the / isakI racanA saM0 1690 (san 1633 I0) meM kI thI / 81. nemIzvara rAsa (brahma rAyamalla) ___isa kRti meM kula 145 kar3avaka chanda haiM jinameM neminAtha ke garbha se nirvANa taka kI ghaTanAyeM varNita haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla . . nemIzvara rAsa ke racayitA brahma rAyamalla 17 vIM zatAbdI ke pratinidhi kaviyoM meM haiM / nemIzvara rAsa kI racanA inhoMne vi0 saM0 1615 (san 1558 I0) ke lagabhaga kI thii| mIzvara rAsa ke atirikta brahma rAyamalla ne nemi nirvANa, kAvya bhI likhA hai jo atyanta laghu kRti hai jisameM tIrthakura neminAtha kI bhaktipUrvaka vandanA kI hai / isakI prati bhaTTAraka digambara jaina mandira ajamera ke bhaNDAra meM hai|' 82. nemigIta (ajItamatI) yaha eka rAgavasanta para racita racanA hai / kula chanda saMkhyA chaH hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta kI racanA bAI ajItamatI ne kI thii| ye bhaTTAkara vAdicandra kI pramukha ziSyA thI / inhoMne kaI sphuTa padoM aura gItoM kI racanA kI / 83. nemijI ko maMgala (zrI vizva) nemijI ko maMgala, rAjasthAnI hindI meM viracita eka laghu racanA hai| 1. sanmati, jUna 1960 meM prakAzita, joharApura .jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-7, pR0 - 212 3. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita mizIrSaka hindI sAhitya, lekha anekAnta, aktUbara - disambara 1986, pR0 -10 4. vahI, pR0-10 5.vahI, pR0 -10

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tIrthakara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 69 racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA zrI vizva, balAtkAragaNa kI aTerazAkhA ke khyAtiprApta bhaTTAraka the / "nemijI ko maMgala" kI racanA Apane saM0 1698 (san 1641 I0) meM kI thI / kRti kI eka pUrNa prati digambara jaina mandira paTaudI kA, jayapura, gu0 naM0 12 meM saMkalita hai / kavi vizvabhUSaNa kRta "lakSurinemIzvara kI" prati digambara jaina mandira vijayarAma pAMDyA, jayapura ke bhaNDAra meM guTakA naM0 4 meM saMgrahIta hai / 84. neminAtha rAsa (rUpacandra) rAsa zailI meM viracita yaha eka mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| racayitA : racanAkAla neminAtha rAsa ke racayitA kavi rUpacandra haiM / rUpacandra nAma ke aneka kavi hue haiM parantu Alocya kRti ke racanAkAra pANDe rUpacandra, bhagavAnadAsa ke putra the / neminAtha rAsa kI racanA saMvat 1690 (san 1633 I0) ke lagabhaga kI thii| rUpacandra viracita "rAjula vinatI" (guTakA naM0 81 zAstra bhaNDAra, zrI mahAvIrajI) tathA neminAtha stavana" (guTakA naM0 76, bhaTTArakIya digambara jaina mandira, ajamera) kA bhI ullekha milatA hai / 85. nemijinedra vyAhalo' (khetasI, khetasiMha) neminAtha ke vivAha se sambandhita racanA / 86. nemizvara rAjula kI lahuri (khetasI, raveta siMha) __ lahari zailI meM likhita neminAtha bhagavAn kA varNana / 87. nemIzvara kA bArahamAsA (khetasI, raveta siMha) bArahamAsA zailI meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA vistRta varNana / racayitA : racanAkAla * inake racanAkAra khetasI athavA khetasiMha haiM / ye sArdU zAkhA ke cAraNa kavi aura jodhapura nareza ke Azrita the / "vyAhalo" kA sRjana inhoMne saMvat 1691 (san 1634) meM kiyA thA / kavitA meM khetasI apanA "sahi" yA "sAhi" nAma prayukta karate the / isa kRti kI pratiyA~ 1. guTakA naM0 65, paTaudI kA mandira jayapura, 2. guTakA naM0 6, digambara jaina pArzvanAtha mandira jayapura 3. guTakA naM0 42, zAstra bhaNDAra zrI mahAvIrajI meM upalabdha hai / / 1. DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya, lekha anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1273, pR0 10 2. vahI, pR0 -11 3. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 - 24 4. vahI, pR0 24 ___5. vahI, pR0 24 6. vahI, pR0 - 24

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70 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 88. nemIzvara ke daza bhavAntara (brahma dharmarUci) prastuta kRti meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke pUrvajanmoM kA vistRta varNana hai / kAvya kI pratiyA~, guTakA naM0 136, badhIcandra jI kA mandira, jayapura tathA guTakA naM0 8, guTakA naM0 85, godhoM kA mandira jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAroM meM saMgrahIta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa kRti ke racayitA brahma0 dharmarUci, abhayacandra prathama ke ziSya the aura inakA racanAkAla satrahavIM kA pUrvArddha hai / 89. nemizvara ko DoraDo (kavi harSakIti) isa kAvya meM kula 21 padya haiM aura kAvya kI bhASA rAjasthAnI pradhAna hai| isakI prati zAstra bhaNDAra mahAvIra jI meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla vivecya kAvya ke kavi harSakIrti haiM / ye satrahavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha meM rAjasthAna ke khyAta santa rahe / harSakIrti ne hI neminAtha kA bArahamAsA (guTakA naM0 162, vadhIcandra bI kA mandira, jayapura) tathA nemi-rAjula kI bhakti viSayaka 69 sphuTa padoM kI racanA kI thii| 90. nemIzvara rAjula vivAha (brahma jJAnasAgara) prastuta kRti meM neminAtha aura rAjImatI ke vivAha kI mArmika ghaTanA kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racanAkAra brahma jJAnasAgara haiM / inake viSaya meM adhika jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM ho sakI / kRti kI ekamAtra prati guTakA naM050 (patrasaMkhyA 26 se 31 taka) paTaudI ke mandira jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai| 91. neminAtha phAga (bhaTTAraka ralakIti) isa kRti meM kula 69 padya haiM jo rAga kedAra meM nibaddha haiN| racayitA : racanAkAra yaha kavi kI sabase bar3I racanA hai| isa phAgu meM neminAtha evaM rAjula kA jIvana varNita hai| isa kRti ke kRtikAra bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti haiM, jo satrahavIM zatAbdI ke mUrdhanya santa evaM sAhityakAra the / bhaTTAraka abhayanandI ne saM0 1630 (1573 I0) meM bhaTTAraka pada para inakA 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita 'mizIrSaka hindI sAhitya, anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 - 11 2. vahI, pR0 -11 : 3. vahI, pR0 -11 4. bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 121-126

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 71 mahAbhiSeka kiyA thA / neminAtha phAga kI racanA gujarAta ke hAsAre nagara meM huI thI / bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ne gujarAta ke hI ghoghA nagara meM "neminAtha bArahamAsA" likhA thA / inakA racanAkAla 17 vIM zatAbdI hai / bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti kI neminAtha bInatI nAmaka kRti bhI hai / 92. rAjula kA bArahamAsA ( kavi padmarAja) bArahamAsA zailI meM likhita yaha eka sundara racanA hai 1 racayitA : racanAkAla I isa kRti ke racayitA satrahavIM zatAbdI ke hI kavi padmarAja haiN| sambhavataH ye hI padmarAja " abhayakumAra prabandha" ke racayitA haiM aura ye kharataragacchIya AcArya jinahaMsa ke praziSya aura puNyasAgara ke ziSya the / vivecya racanA kI eka prati badhIcanda jI ke mandira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM guTakA naM0 92 veSThana 1098 meM hai / inakA racanAkAla 17 vIM zatAbdI kA hai / neminAtha rAsa ( muni abhayacanda ) 93. hindI meM likhita neminAtha viSayaka rAsa sAhitya meM prastuta kRti kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racanAkAra muni abhayacandra haiM, jo bhaTTAraka kumudacandra ke yogya ziSya the aura ye saMvat 1685 (1528 I0) meM gaddI para virAjamAna hue / neminAtha rAsa kA sRjana vikrama kI satrahavIM zatI ke uttarArddha meM kiyA thA / isakI prati guTakA naM0 53 veSThana 592 meM bhaTTArakIya digambara jaina mandira ajamera ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM hai / kavi kI eka anya prasiddha kRti "candAgIta" hai jisameM kAlidAsa ke meghadUta ke virahI yakSa kI bhA~ti rAjula bhI apanA sandeza candramA ke mAdhyama se neminAtha ke pAsa bhejatI hai / (yaha gIta DA0 kAsalIvAla dvArA saMpAdita pustaka "bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" meM prakAzita kiyA gayA hai) inakA racanAkAla 17vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hai / 94. neminAtha bArahamAsA ( sumatisAgara ) prastuta bArahamAsA meM 13 padyaM haiM / prathama 12 padyoM meM virahaNI rAjula kI vyathA vyaMjita hai aura antima padya meM kavi prazasti / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA sumatisAgara haiM jo bhaTTAraka abhayanandI ke ziSya the / 1. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva pR0 52 2. vahI, pR0 51-52 3. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya", anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 11 4. vahI, pR0 11 12 evaM draSTavya bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva /

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72 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana sumatisAgara ne hI eka sundara "nemigIta" kI racanA kI thI jisameM bar3e mArmika DhaMga se varNita hai ki svAmI ke abhAva meM abalA nArI rAjula svayaM ko kaisA nirIha, anAtha, parimalavihIna puSpa, kamala rahita sarovara, pratibhAvihIna mandira jaisA anubhava karatI hai / gIta "bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" meM prakAzita huA hai / / 15. neminAtha hamacI yA nemIzvara hamacI (bhadvAraka kumudacandra) isa hamacI meM kula 87 chanda haiM aura bhASA rAjasthAnI marAThI mizrita hai / kumudacandrakRta "traNyarati gIta" eka virahAtmaka gIta hai jisameM tIna pramukha RtuoM meM priya viyoga janita, rAjula kI manovyathA kA bar3A marmasparzI citraNa hai| isI prakAra 31 chandoM vAle "hindola" gIta meM kavi ne vizva vidagdhA rAjImatI ke sandeza vibhinna vAhakoM ke mAdhyama se neminAtha taka pahu~cAyeM haiM / neminAtha kA "dvAdazamAsA" bhI kumudacandra racita 14 chandoM kI laghu kRti hai / ASAr3ha se zrAvaNa taka prasArita isa gIta meM rAjula ke udgAroM kI sundara abhivyakti huI hai| nemijinagIta, neminAthabArahamAsA, nemIzvaragIta kavi kI anya racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla uparyukta kRti ke racanAkAra bhaTTAraka kumudacandra haiM jo prasiddha bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke pramukha ziSya the / inakA samaya vi0 saM0 1656-1685 (san 1599-1628 I0) hai| ukta sabhI racanAoM kA mUla pATha "bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" (DA0 kAsalIvAla) meM prakAzita huA hai| 96. nemigIta (brahma saMyamasAgara) neminAtha ke Upara likhita yaha eka laghukAya kintu prabhAvaka gItikAvya hai / racayitA-: racanAkAla prastuta gIta ke racayitA brahma saMyamasAgara haiM, jo bhaTTAraka kumudacandra ke ziSya the / kavi kI koI bar3I racanA prApta nahIM huI hai / nemigIta kA sRjana satrahavIM zatAbdI ke dUsare caraNa meM kiyA thA / isake atirikta inhoMne nemi viSayaka sphuTa pada race jo vibhinna guTakoM meM saMgrahIta haiM / inakA samaya 17 vIM zatAbdI hai|' 1. draSTA 'DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya", anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 - 11-12 evaM draSTavya - bhaTTAraka ratlakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva / pR012 . 2. bhaTTAraka ratlakIrti evaM kumudacandra-vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 - 63 3. vahI, pR059, 202 4. draSTavya - DA0 induNya jaina dvArA likhita 'mizIrSaka hindI sAhitya", anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 - 12

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 97. neminAtha rAsa ( kanaka kIrti) isameM rAsa zailI meM neminAtha ke vivAha kI ghaTanA kA citraNa hai / racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta rAsa ke racayitA kharatagacchIya zAkhA ke nayakamala ke ziSya aura jayamandira ke ziSya kanakakIrti ne neminAtha rAsa kI racanA 1635 I0 meM kI thI / bhASA gujarAtI pradhAna hai| aura isakI prati vinayacandra jJAna bhaNDAra jayapura meM upalabdha hai / satrahavIM zatAbdI meM hI kavi siMhanandi viracita "nemIzvara rAjamatI gIta" (guTakA naM0 262 bhaTTArakIya digambara jaina mandira ajamera) evaM "nemIzvara caumAsA " tathA sAdhukIrti racita "nemistavana" evaM nemigIta kA ullekha milatA hai / 98. neminAtha rAsa (bhaTTAraka vIrabhadra) neminAtha kI vaivAhika ghaTanA para AdhArita eka laghu kRti hai / 73 99. vIravilAsa phAga (bhaTTAraka vIra bhadra) tIrthaGkara neminAtha kI jIvana ghaTanA kA varNana kiyA hai| phAga meM 133 padya haiN| yaha eka khaNDakAvya hai / racayitA : racanAkAla I 1 uparyukta donoM kAvyoM ke racayitA bhaTTAraka vIrabhadra haiM / ye bhaTTAraka lakSmIcandra ke ziSya the / jo vyAkaraNa evaM nyAyazAstra ke prakANDa paNDita the / inakA saMskRta, prAkRta, gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI para pUrNa adhikAra thA / ye 17 vIM zatAbdI ke pratibhAsampanna vidvAn haiM / neminAtha rAsa kAvya kI racanA saM0 1633 (san 1576) meM kI thI / 100. neminAtha samavasaraNa ( vAricandra) yaha digambara jaina khaNDelavAla mandira udayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra ke guTake meM saMgrahIta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla vAricandra vidyAnandi kI paramparA meM hone vAle bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke praziSya evaM bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ke ziSya the / inakA racanA kAla 17 vIM zatAbdI kA hai / 101. nemirAjula gIta (harSakIrti) isameM gIta zailI meM neminAtha evaM rAjImatI kA saMvAda citrita hai / 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya", anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 - 12 2. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva pR0 - 24 3. vahI, pR0 - 34

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74 102. nemIzvara gIta (harSa kIrti) isa racanA meM neminAtha kA varNana hai / 103. neminAtha bArahamAsA ( harSa kIrti) zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana isa bArahamAsA meM neminAtha kA sundara citraNa huA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla ina tInoM racanAoM ke racayitA harSakIrti the / ye 17 vIM zatAbdI ke caturtha pAda ke kavi the / ye rAjasthAnI santa, tathA bhaTTArakoM se prabhAvita the / 1 104. nemi rAjula prakaraNa ( ranakIrti) yaha gItarUpa racanA hai, jisameM nemi rAjula prakaraNa hI pramukha rUpa se prastuta kiyA gayA hai / ina gItoM kI AtmA meM nemi rAjula usI prakAra haiM, jisa prakAra mIrA ke kRSNa rahe haiM / racanA mahattvapUrNa hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa prakaraNa ke racayitA bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti haiM jo apane samaya ke pramukha santa the / unakA pUrNataH vairAgI jIvana thA / inake gIta 17 vIM zatI meM bahuta lokapriya rahe aura samasta deza meM gAye jAte the / isake atirikta kavi kI anya racanAyeM bhI upalabdha haiM jo isa prakAra haiMnemajI dayAlu Dare tU to yAdava kula siNadhAre / neminAtha vinatI / 7 nema hama kaise cale giranAra / nemi tuma jAvo dhAriya dhare / 6 neminAtha phAgu neminAtha bArahamAsA / " 105. cunar3I gIta ( brahma jayasAgara ) isakA dUsarA nAma cAritra cunar3I bhI diyA gayA hai / jisameM rAjImatI neminAtha se cAritra cUr3I or3hane ke lie mAMga rahI hai / nemi giranAra ke bhUSaNa hai / cUnar3I meM 16 padya haiM / " 106. nemIzvara gIta " ( brahma jayasAgara ) 1 yaha bhI eka laghukAya racanA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla cUnar3I gIta evaM nemIzvaragIta ke racayitA brahma jayasAgara the jo bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke 1. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva pR0 - 13 2. vahI, pR0 53 3. vahI, pR0 53 5. vahI, pR0 51 6. vahI, pR0 50 9. vahI, pR0 50 8. vahI, pR0 50 11. vahI, pR0 - 68 4. vahI, pR0 - 50 7. vahI, pR0 51 10. vahI, pR0 96

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 75 pramukha ziSya the / brahma jayasAgara ne apane padya meM ratnakIrti ko smaraNa kiyA hai| 107. nemi rAjula saMvAda' (kalyANakIti) prastuta kRti neminAtha evaM rAjula ke saMvAda rUpa meM likhita hindI kI eka prasiddha racanA racayitA : racanAkAla isa saMvAda ke racayitA kalyANakIrti haiM / ye 17 vIM zatAbdI ke pramukha jaina saMta satadeva kIrtimuni ke ziSya the| 108. neminAthanI gIta (paM0 zrIpAla) yaha gujarAtI evaM rAjasthAnI bhASA ke prabhAva vAlI eka hindI racanA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta ke racayitA zrIpAla haiM / saM0 1748 (san 1691 I0) kI eka prazasti meM paM0 zrIpAla ke parivAra ke paricaya meM kahA gayA hai ki zrIpAla ke pitAmaha kA nAma baNAyaga evaM pitA kA nAma jIvarAja thA / 109, nemigIta (sumatisAgara) isa gIta meM rAjula nemi ke abhAva meM apane Apako kaisA samajhatI hai, isI kA varNana racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA sumatisAgara haiM / ye bhaTTAraka abhayanandi ke ziSya the / apane guru ke hI sAtha rahate the| 110. zivA nemi saMvAda (saTavA) yaha 20 kaDavakoM kA gIta haiM jisameM neminAtha ke vairAgya prasaMga kA varNana hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa saMvAda ke racayitA saTavA haiM jinakA samaya san 1718 hai|" 111. nemIzvara gIta (nIvA) isa gIta meM 3 kar3avaka haiM jinameM neminAtha ke vairAgya prasaMga kA varNana hai / 1. sUri ratlakIrti jayakArI, zubhadharma zazi guNadhArI / nara nArI cUnar3I gAve, brahmasAgara kahe bhAve / / cUnar3I gIta 16 (bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra - vyaktitva.evaM kRtitva se uddhRta) 2. bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra - vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pR0 -16 3. vahI, pR-14 4. vahI, pR0 - 90 5. vahI, pR0-88 6. vahI, pR0 -102 7. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga -7, pR0 - 222

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76 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta ke racayitA kA nAma nIbA hai jinakA samaya san 1726 I0 kA siddha hotA 112. nemIzvara rAsa (malUkaputra bhAU) __ prastuta rAsa meM kula 115 caupAI chandoM meM nemi ke vairAgya, rAjula ke saMyama aura neminAtha ke nirvANa kA mArmika nirUpaNa huA hai / isakI pratiyA~ guTakA naM0 65 paTaudI kA mandira jayapura tathA guTakA naM0 232 bhaTTArakIya digambara jaina mandira ajamera meM saMgrahIta hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA malUkaputra bhAU haiM jo 18 vIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha ke khyAta kavi rahe haiN| 113. nemirAjula bArahamAsA (jinahaSa) nemi rAjula bArahamAsA jise nemirAjImatI bArahamAsA savaiyA bhI kahA gayA hai / kAvya meM kula 12 savaiyA chanda haiM aura isakI pratiyA~ abhaya jaina granthAlaya bIkAnera tathA zAstra bhaNDAra mahAvIra jI meM upalabdha haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ isa bArahamAsA ke racayitA kA nAma jinaharSa hai / isakI racanA vi0 saM0 1715 (san 1658 I0) meM kI thI / jinaharSa kavi ne hI nemIzvara gIta (veSTana 1245 badhIcandra jI kA mandira, jayapura) evaM nemirAjula stavana guTakA naM0 97 TholiyoM kA mandira jayapura kI racanA kI thii| 114. nemIzvara gIta (brahma0 dharmasAgara) nemIzvara gIta meM kula 12 chanda haiM jinameM rAjula ke saundarya aura viraha kA sundara nirUpaNa huA hai / yaha gIta DA0 kAsalIvAla dvArA sampAdita pustaka "bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti evaM kumudacandra : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva" meM diyA gayA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta ke racayitA brahma dharmasAgara haiM jo aThArahavIM zatI ke pUrvArddha ke saMta aura kavi the| ye bhaTTAraka abhayacandra dvitIya ke saMgha meM the / kavi ne isake atirikta bhI sphuTa gIta likhakara nemiprabhu ke prati ananya bhakti kA pradarzana kiyA hai|' 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga -7, pR0 - 222 2. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 -12 3. vahI, pR0 -12 4. vahI, pR0 -13

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bht tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 115. neminAtha kA bArahamAsA (vinodIlAla) yaha bArahamAsA "jaina pustaka bhavana kalakattA" se prakAzita hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake kRtikAra vinodI lAla vi0 saM0 1750 (san 1693 I0) tIrthaGkara nemi ke ekaniSTha bhakta the ataH inakI aneka racanAe~ nemirAjula se sambandhita hai / inakI kRtiyAM atyadhika lokapriya huii| vinodIlAla kRta nemi byAha sundara khaNDa kAvya hai / rAjula paccIsI 25 chandoM kI laghukRti hai / neminAtha ke nava maMgala meM 96 chandoM meM nemi kathA varNita hai / nemi rAjula rekhatA urdU, phArasI, mizrita hindI bhASA kI racanA hai tathA nemIzvara rAjula saMvAda meM zIrSaka ke anurUpa saMvAda zailI meM nemi ke vairAgya pUrNa uttara aura virahaNI rAjula ke prazna mArmika rUpa meM prastuta 116. neminAthASTaka (bhUdharadAsa) neminAthASTaka ATha chandoM kI eka svataMtra laghu kRti hai, jisakI prati guTakA naM0 395 zAstra bhaNDAra zrI mahAvIrajI meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla neminAthASTaka ke racayitA kavi bhUdharadAsa haiM jo aThArahavIM zatAbdI ke mUrdhanya sAhityakAroM meM se haiM / kavi bhUdharadAsa ne bhUdharavilAsa nAmaka pada saMgraha meM nemi rAjula para aneka pada likhe haiM jinakA paricaya DA0 premasAgara jaina ne apanI pustaka hindI jaina bhakti kAvya aura kavi meM diyA hai / 117. neminAthacarita (ajayarAja pATaNI) ___ prastuta kAvya meM kula 264 padya haiM aura isakI saM0 1798 (1741 I0) meM lipibaddha prati guTakA naM0 108 TholiyoM kA mandira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM prApta hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA ajayarAja pATaNI haiM, jinhoMne san 179.3 I0 meM neminAtha caritra kI racanA kI thI / kAvyasRjana kI preraNA inheM ambAvatI nagara ke jinamandira meM sthApita tIrthaGkara neminAtha kI manojJa pratimA ko dekhakara milI / 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita namizIrSaka hindI sAhitya lekha, anekAnta aktUbara disambara 1986 , pR0 2. draSTavya-hindI jaina bhaktikAvya aura kavi-pR03. dra0 - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya lekha, anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0

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78 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 118. nemirAjula bArahamAsA (lakSmIvallabha) isa kAvya ke kula 14 padya haiM jo sabhI savaiyA chanda meM nibaddha haiM / geyAtmakatA sarAhanIya bana par3I hai| racayitA : racanAkAla nemi rAjula bArahamAsA ke racayitA lakSmI vallabha, kharataragacchIya zAkhA ke upAdhyakSa lakSmI kIrti ke ziSya the / yaha bArahamAsA 18 vIM zatAbdI ke dUsare caraNa meM likhA gayA / 119. nemi rAjamatI jakhar3I (pANDe hemarAja) __isa laghu racanA kI eka prati budhIcandra jI ke mandira, jayapura guTakA naM0 124 meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla vivecya kRti ke racanAkAra pANDe hemarAja haiM / DA0 kAsalIvAla ne apanI pustaka "kavivara bulAkIcandra, bulAkIdAsa evaM hemarAja" meM pANDe hemarAja racita jakhar3I kI jisa prati kA paricaya diyA hai use triloka canda paTavArI cAkasU vAle ne saMvat 1782 (san 1725 I0) meM dillI meM lipibaddha kiyA thA / 120. nemikumAra cUMdar3I (muni hemacandra) yaha kula 9 pRSThoM kI laghukRti hai aura isakI pUrNa prati digambara jaina mandira bar3A terApaMthiyoM ke zAstra bhaNDAra ke veSThana 915 meM saMkalita hai / gIta kI Teka hai : merI sIla sUraMgI cUMdar3I racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta cUMdar3I ke racayitA muni hemacandra haiN|' 121. nemIzvara rAsa (namicandra vastutaH yaha eka sundara bArahamAsA hai aura kula 12 chandoM meM rAjula kI vyathA kA hRdayasparzI citraNa huA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla kavi nemicandra ne nemIzvara rAsa kI racanA saMvat 1769 (san 1712 I0) meM kI thI / jayapura veSThana 1078 se prApta prati ke anusAra lekhanakAla saM0 1782 (san 1725 1. DA. indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "mizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta, aktUbara-disambara 1986, , pR0 13 2. kavivara bulAkhI candra bulAkIdAsa evaM hemarAja, pR0 222 3. draSTavya - DA. indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, 4. vahI, pR0 13-14

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 122. nemirAjulagIta ( bhaTTAraka zubhacandra) kavi ne nemirAjula kI jIvana ghaTanAoM para AdhArita bhaktiparaka gItoM kI sRSTi kI hai| 79 racayitA : racanAkAla I prastuta gIta ke racayitA 18 vIM zatAbdI ke kavi the / ye bhaTTAraka zubhacandra (dvitIya) abhayacandra ke ziSya the / 123. neminAtha bArahamAsA ( zyAmadAsa godhA ) prastuta bArahamAse kI pUrNa prati badhIcandra jI ke mandira jayapura meM zAstra bhaNDAra guTakA naM0 161 meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa bArahamAsA ke racayitA zyAmadAsa godhA haiM aura unhoMne isa kAvya kI racanA saMvat 1786 (san 1729 I0) meM kI thI / uparyukta racanAoM ke atirikta aThArahavIM zatAbdI meM bhavAnI prasAda dvArA racita tIna gIta upalabdha hote haiM jinake nAma kramaza: "neminAtha bArahamAsA" "nemi hiNDolanA " "neminAtha rAjamatI" kavi vinaya vijaya ne "neminAtha bhramaragIta stavana" aura neminAtha bArahamAsA kI racanA kI / (inakA ullekha DA0 premasAgara jaina ne hindI jaina bhakti kAvya kavi zIrSaka pustaka meM kiyA hai) / 124. nemicandrikA ( manaraMgalAla ) yaha hindI kAvya racanA hai, jisakI patra saM0 19 hai tathA kula chanda saMkhyA 86 hai / yaha neminAtha para racita kAvya hai jo kanaujI bhASA se prabhAvita hai / isa khaNDakAvya ko kavi ne dohA, caupAI, soraThA, Adi chandoM meM nibaddha kiyA hai / yaha 19 vIM zatAbdI kI mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA manaraMgalAla haiM / manaraMgalAla kannauja ke nivAsI the tathA jAti ke pallIvAla the / inake pitA kA nAma kannaujIlAla aura mAtA kA nAma devakI thA / isa kAvya kA racanAkAla saM0 1880 (san 1823 I0) hai| 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 - 14 2. vahI, pR0 14 4. 5. 3. vahI, pR0 14 tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga - 4, pR0 - 306 draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 14

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80 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 125. neminAtha AratI (ratana) isameM 6 padya haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla neminAtha AratI ke racayitA ratana hai jinakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1826 (san 1769 I0) kA hai| 126. neminAtha rAsa (vijayadevasUri) prastuta rAsa kI pUrNa prati jisakI patra saMkhyA 4 hai, pATodI ke mandira jayapura (veSThana naM0 1026) meM evaM do pratiyAM zrImahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra (guTakA naM0 35 aura 286) meM saMgrahIta haiN| racayitA : racanAkAla isa rAsa ke racayitA vijayadevasUri haiM / isakA lipikAla saM0 1826 (san 1769 127. nemicarita (jayamala) ___ isakI pratiyA~ zrImahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta haiM / racayitA : racanAkAla nemicarita kAvya ke racayitA kavi jayamala haiM / isakI racanA saM0 1804 (1747 I0) meM kI gaI hai| 128. neminAtha ke dazabhava (kavi sevaNa) isameM neminAtha jI ke dazabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla ___ isakI racanA sevaNa kavi ne kI thii| isa kRti kI vi0 saM0 1818 (san 1761 I0) kI lipibaddha prati digambara jaina mandira vijayarAma pAMDyA, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra (veSThana 354) tathA eka prati zrImahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra ke guTakA naM0 190 meM upalabdha hai| 129. nemijI kA caritra (ANaMdaM kavi) isakI saM0 1851 (1794 I0) meM likhI gaI prati pATodI ke mandira jayapura (veSThana 2257) tathA eka zrI mahAvIrajI ke zAstrabhaNDAra guTakA naM0 14 meM hai| 1. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga -7, pR0-227 2. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 -14 3. vahI, pR0 -14 4. vahI, pR0 -14

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya racayitA : racanAkAla prastuta nemicarita ke racayitA ANaMda kavi haiM jinakA racanAkAla saMvat 1804 (san 1747 I0) hai| 130. nemijI rAjula vyAhalo (kavi gopIkRSNa) isakI apUrNa prati pATodI ke mandira jayapura meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla yaha kavi gopIkRSNa kRta racanA hai, jo saM0 1863 (san 1896 I0) kI racanA hai / 131. nemi vyAhalo (kavi hIrA) kAvya kI pUrNa prati, jisakI kula pRSTha saMkhyA 11 hai, vadhIcanda jI ke mandira, jayapura ke zAstra bhaNDAra veSThana 1150 meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isako saM0 1848 (san 1791 I0) meM kavi hIrA ne likhA thA / 132. neminAthapurANa (bhAgacanda) ___ isakI patra saMkhyA 166 hai tathA godhoM ke mandira jayapura ke bhaNDAra meM (veSThana 153) saMgrahIta hai / khar3I bolI hindI kI gadya bhASA ke vikAsa krama ko jAnane kI dRSTi se yaha purANa mahattvapUrNa hai| racayitA : racanAkAla __isa purANa ke racayitA kavi bhAgacanda haiM jisakA racanAkAla saMvat 1907 (1850 I0) 133. neminAtha rAsa (kavi RSirAmacanda) __isakI kula patra saMkhyA 3 hai / pUrNa prati pATodI kA mandira jayapura (veSThana 2140) meM racayitA : racanAkAla isa rAsa ke racayitA kavi RSirAmacanda haiM / isakA racanAkAla 20vIM zatI hai / / 134. nemistavana (RSi ziva) isa stavana kI kula patra saMkhyA 2 hai / pUrNa prati paTaudI kA mandira jayapura (veSThana 1208) 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 -14 2. vahI, pR014 3.vahI, pR014 4. vahI, pR0 -14 5. vahI, pR0 -15 6.vahI, pR0 -15

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82 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana meM vidyamAna hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA RSi ziva haiM / racanAkAla 20 vIM zatAbdI hai / / 135. nemistavana (jitasAgaramaNi) isa stavana kI kula pRSTha saMkhyA 1 hai / pUrNa prati pATodI kA mandira, jayapura (veSThana 1208) meM hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa stavana ke racayitA jitasAgaramaNi haiM tathA samaya 20 vIM zatAbdI hai / 136. nemigIta (kavi pAsacanda) yaha prati bhI pATodI kA mandira, jayapura (veSThana 1847) meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla nemigIta ke kavi "pAsacanda" haiM / inakA samaya bIsavIM zatI IsvI hai|' 137. nemirAjamatI gIta (kavi hIrAnanda) pUrNa prati pATodI kA mandira, jayapura (veSThana 2174) meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake kavi hIrAnanda haiM / inakA samaya bhI IsA kI bIsavIM zatAbdI hai| . 138. nemi rAjamatI gIta (chItaramala) isakI patra saMkhyA eka hai / pATodI kA mandira jayapura zAstra bhaNDAra (veSThana 2135) meM isakI hastalikhita prati surakSita hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta ke racayitA "chItaramala" haiM, jinakA samaya IsA kI bIsavIM zatAbdI hai / 139. rAjula sajjhAya (paM0 jinadAsa) yaha 37 padoM kI racanA hai / digambara jaina mandira vijayarAma pAMDyA jayapura kA zAstra bhaNDAra guTakA 44, veSThana 272 meM isakI prati hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA paM0jinadAsa haiM, jo bIsavIM zatAbdI ke suprasiddha vidvAn haiM / 1. DA0 indrarAya jaina dvArA likhita 'mizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha anekAnta akTUbara-disambara . 1986 , pR0 -15 2. vaha, pR0 -15 3. vahIM, pR0-15 4. vahI, pR0 -15 5. vahI, pR0 -15 6. vahI, pR0 -15

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tIrthaGkara neminAtha viSayaka sAhitya 140. nemIbyAha paccIsI (kavivegarAja ) isakI pUrNa prati digambara jaina mandira, vIrasalI, koTA kA zAstra bhaNDAra, guTakA naM0 3, veSThana 352 meM vidyamAna hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA kavi vegarAja haiN| inakA samaya bhI IsvI san kI bIsavIM zatAbdI hai / 141. neminAtha stavana (paM0 kuzalacandra ) isakI prati zrImahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM guTakA naM0 56 meM hai / racayitA racanAkAla isake racayitA paM0 kuzalacandra haiN| inakA samaya IsA kI bIsavIM zatI hai / 142. neminAtha kA byAhalA ( nAtha kavi) isakI eka prati vadhIcanda jI kA mandira jayapura veSThana 97 tathA eka prati digambara jaina dIvAna jI kA mandira, guTakA naM0 11 veSThana 39 meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa byAhalA ke racayitA bIsavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn nAthakavi haiM / 143. rAjula nemi kA bArahamAsA ( kAMti vijaya ) isa kRti kI prati zrI mahAvIrajI ke zAstra bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa bArahamAsA ke racayitA kAMti vijaya haiM, jo bIsavIM zatAbdI ke haiN| 144. nemijI kI lahara (paM0 DUMgo) isakI prati zrI mahAvIrajI ke bhaNDAra meM "neminAtha phAgu" nAma se hai tathA badhIcanda jI ke mandira, jayapura meM "nemijI kI lahara" zIrSaka se veSThana 1278 meM hai| isake racayitA paM0 DUMgo haiM / 145. mirAjula gIta ( bugarasI benAr3A) * prati budhIcandra kA mandira jayapura veSThana 1279 meM vidyamAna hai / 83 racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA bugarasI bainAr3A tathA racanAkAla IsA kI bIsavIM zatAbdI hai / 3. 5. 1. draSTavya - DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 - 15 2. vahI, pR0 15 4. vahI, pR0 - 15 6. vahI, pR0 -15 vahI, pR0 15 vahI, pR0 - 15

Page #98
84 146. neminAtha kI vinatI (candra kavi ) hasta likhita prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra, zrI mahAvIrajI guTakA 25 meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA candra kavi haiM / kRti kI racanA bIsavIM zatAbdI meM huI hai / 147. nemi gIta (labdhi vijaya) gIta kI prati DholiyoM kA mandira jayapura, guTakA naM0 97 meM surakSita hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa gIta ke racayitA labdhivijaya haiM, jo bIsavIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn haiM / 148. neminAtha maMgala ( lAlacanda kavi) eka prati DholiyoM kA mandira, jayapura, guTakA 124, eka prati pATodI kA mandira, jayapura guTakA naM0 41 tathA eka prati digambara jaina agravAla paMcAyatI mandira, alavara guTakA naM0 9 meM saMgrahIta hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kRti ke racayitA lAlacanda kavi bIsavIM zatAbdI ke vikhyAta vidvAn haiM / 149. bArahamAsA rAjula ( kavi haradedAsa) isakI prati zAstra bhaNDAra zrI mahAvIrajI guTakA naM0 491 meM hai I racayitA : racanAkAla zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana bArahamAsA ke racayitA kavi haradedAsa haiM / samaya bIsavIM zatAbdI hai / 150. nemijI kI DorI (brahmanAtha) isakI pUrNa prati digambara jaina paMcAyatI mandira, bayAnA ke zAstra bhaNDAra guTakA naM0 1 veSThana 150 meM hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA brahmanAtha haiN| inakA samaya IsA kI bIsavIM zatAbdI hai / " * rAjasthAnI 151. nemIzvara gIta ( sakalakIrti) yaha rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita gIta racanA hai I racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA kavi sakalakIrti haiM / inakA racanAkAla vi0 saM0 1443-49 (san 1. draSTavya DA0 indurAya jaina dvArA likhita "nemizIrSaka hindI sAhitya" lekha, anekAnta aktUbara-disambara 1986, pR0 15, 2. vahI, pR0 - 15 4. vahI, pR0 15 3. 5. vahI, pR0 - 15 vahI, pR0 - 15

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85 tIrthaDara neminAtha viSayaka sAAhatya 1386-1492 I0) taka kA mAnA hai / inakA saMskRta apabhraMza tathA rAjasthAnI para pUrNa adhikAra thA / ye saMskRta tathA prAkRta ke saMrakSaka tathA pracAra-prasAra karane vAle bhI the| 152. harivaMzapurANa (brahma jinadAsa) isa grantha kA dUsarA nAma neminAtha rAsa bhI hai / kavi ne apane saMskRta meM likhe gaye purANa ke AdhAra para hI rAjasthAnI bhASA meM isa kAvya ko bhI racA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isake racayitA bhI zrI brahma jinadAsa haiM / isa kAvya racanA kA samaya vi0 saM0 1520 (san 1463 I0) hai / 153. nemIzvara rAsa (zrI brahmajinadAsa) yaha eka rAjasthAnI bhASA meM racita rAsa racanA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa rAsa ke racayitA brahma jinadAsa haiM / marAThI 154. neminAtha bhavAntara (mahIcandra) isameM neminAtha ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla yaha kavi mahIcandra dvArA racita kAvya hai, jisakA samaya lagabhaga vi0 saM0 1618 (san 1561) hai| 155. neminAtha bhavAntara (kavi sahavA) isa kRti meM bhI neminAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| racayitA : racanAkAla isa kRti ke racayitA kavi sahavA haiM / inhoMne vi0 saM0 1639 (san 1582 I0) meM isa kAvya kI racanA kI thii| kannar3a 156. neminAtha purANa (kavi karNapAthI 1140 I0 ke lagabhaga kavi karNapArtha ne neminAtha purANa kI racanA kI hai. jisameM neminAtha 1. tIrthakara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, bhAga-3, pR0-330 2. vahI, pR0 - 340 3. vahI, pR0 - 340 4. vahI, bhAga-4, pR0 - 322

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86 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kI utpatti, vivAha, jIvanacarita, samudra, pahAr3a, sUryodaya, candrodaya, vanakrIr3A, jalakrIr3A (raticintA) yuddha, jaya-prApti ityAdi kA savistAra varNana hai / vipralambha zrRMgAra ke varNana meM to kavi ne apUrva kSamatA prakaTa kI hai 1 racayitA : racanAkAla isa purANa ke racayitA kavi karNapArtha haiN| jinakA samaya I0 san 1340 hai / 157. arddha nemipurANa (zrI nemicandra) saMskRta mizrita kannar3a meM saMskRta chanda lekara kavi (zrI nemicandra) ne isa purANa kI racanA kI / campaka zArdUla vRtta meM sampUrNa grantha likhA hai / anuprAsa kI chaTA adhika dikhAI detI hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa purANa ke racayitA zrI nemicandra haiM, jinakA 13 vIM zatAbdI ke kaviyoM meM pramukha sthAna hai / inake sammukha kannar3a kA koI bhI kavi nahIM Thahara sakatA / gujarAtI 158. neminAtha cauvaI (vinayacandra sUri ) yaha gurjara bhASA meM racita kAvyaracanA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla isa kAvya ke racayitA vinayacandrasUri haiM, jisakA racanAkAla saM0 1283 (san 1226 I0) se lekara saM0 1345 (san 1288 I0) taka hai| 159. nemIzvara rAjImatI phAga (guNakIrti) yaha eka gujarAtI racanA hai / racayitA : racanAkAla phAga ke racayitA kA nAma guNakIrti hai / inakI racanAoM meM sakalakIrti, bhuvanakIrti aura brahmajinadAsa kA guru rUpa meM ullekha hai| isase anumAna hotA hai ki guNadAsa kA hI munidIkSA ke bAda kA nAma guNakIrti hogA / inakA racanAkAla 13 vIM zatAbdI hai / isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jaina sampradAya ke pUjya tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke pAvana jIvana ko janamAnasa meM prasArita karane ke lie aneka kaviyoM ne bhAratIya bhASAoM meM vividha zailI ke aneka kAvyoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai / yahA~ pradatta nemi viSayaka sAhitya ke Akalana se bhAratavarSa kA sAhitya avazya samRddhatara ho sakegA / 1. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paraMparA, pR0 309 2. vahI, pR0 309 3. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6, pR0 - 122 4. vahI, pR0 208-209

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aneka vAgbhaTa 1 mi nirvANa kA kartA adhyAya - saMskRta sAhitya ke anuzIlana se jJAta hotA hai ki vAgbhaTa nAmaka kaI vidvAn hue 1 (ga) 1. "aSTAMga hRdaya" nAmaka " Ayurveda" ke racayitA eka vAgbhaTa hue haiM parantu koI kAvya grantha upalabdha nahIM hai tathA inakA samaya bhI atyanta prAcIna hai / 2. eka vAgbhaTa nAma ke kavi huye haiM jinakA koI paricaya prApta nahIM hotA / 3. vAgbhaTa nAma ke eka anya AlaMkArika huye haiM jinhoMne "kAvyAnuzAsana" kI racanA kI hai / jo vAgbhaTa dvitIya ke nAma se jAne jAte haiM / 4. "jaina sidvAnta bhavana"" kI likhI huI hastalikhita prati se prApta vAgbhaTa kA paricaya milatA hai jinhoMne vAgbhaTalaMkAra tathA nemi-nirvANa kI racanA kI hai / kAvyAnuzAsana ke racayitA vAgbhaTa ko abhinava vAgbhaTa athavA vAgbhaTa dvitIya ke nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA hai / DA0 nemicandra jyotiSAcArya ne nemi - nirvANa ke karttA vAgbhaTa ko vAgbhaTa- prathama kahA hai / kintu Adhunika vidvAn sAmAnyataH vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke kartA ko vAgbhaTa - prathama aura kAvyAnuzAsana ke kartA ko vAgbhaTa dvitIya mAnate haiM / yahI vAstava meM ye vAgbhaTa prathama haiM kyoMki kAvyAnuzAsana ke praNetA vAgbhaTa dvitIya ne svayaM nemi - nirvANa ke karttA, vAgbhaTAlaMkAra praNetA vAgbhaTa prathama kA ullekha kiyA hai - 1. draSTavya - jaina siddhAnta bhavana, ArA kI vikrama saM0 1727 kI prati 2. tIrthaGkara mahAvIra aura usakI AcArya paramparA, bhAga-4, pR0- 22 3. vAgbhaTa vivecana AcArya priyavrata zarmA, pR0 - 282 "daNDivAmanavAgbhaTAdipraNItA daza kAvyaguNAH / vayaM tu mAdhuryaujaH prasAdalakSaNAstrIneva guNAn manyAmahe / " alaMkAra zAstrakAroM meM vAgbhaTa nAma ke ye donoM AlaMkArika jaina matAnuyAyI ho cuke haiM parantu paravartI kiM vA samAna vAgbhaTAlaMkAra praNetA vAgbhaTa kA ullekha donoM ke paraspara bhinna hone se bhinna-bhinna alaMkAra granthoM ke praNayana karane kA eka prAmANika saMketa hai, jisameM kisI bhI prakAra kA sandeha nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / Ayurveda ke prakaraNa grantha "aSTAMga hRdaya" ke racayitA bhI vAgbhaTa nAma ke hI AcArya ho cuke haiM kintu inheM vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke praNetA "vAgbhaTa prathama" se abhinna nahIM mAnA jA sakatA 4. kAvyAnuzAsana, pR0 31

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kyoMki donoM kI vaMza paramparA bhinna-bhinna hai aura donoM kA kAryakAla bhI eka nahIM hai / vAgbhaTa prathama 88 paricaya, kula paramparA nirNayasAgara presa bambaI kI kAvyamAlA meM prakAzita "neminirvANa" kAvya meM sargAnta paMktiyoM meM isa kAvya ke racayitA kA nAma vAgbhaTa diyA gayA hai / parantu kavi ke paricaya ke liye koI prazasti nahIM dI gaI hai / kintu hastalikhita pratiyoM meM nimnalikhita prazasti milatI hai jisase kavi kA bahuta thor3A paricaya mila jAtA hai - ahichatrapurotpannaprAgvATa kulazAlinaH / chAhaDasya sutazcakre prabandhaM vAgbhaTaH kavi // prazasti padya se jJAta hotA hai ki vAgbhaTa prathama prAgvATa (poravADa) kula ke the aura inake pitA kA nAma "chAhar3a" thA / inakA janma "ahicchatrapura" meM huA thA / ma0ma0 hIrA canda ojhA jI ke anusAra nAgaura kA purAnA nAma nAgapura yA ahicchatrapura hai| mahAbhArata meM jisa "ahicchatra" kA ullekha milatA hai, vaha to vartamAna rAmanagara (jilA barelI, u0pra0) mAnA jAtA hai / ' nAyAdhammakA meM ahicchatra kA nirdeza AyA hai para yaha "ahicchatra" campA ke uttara pUrva meM avasthita thA / vividha tIrtha kalpa meM ahicchatra kA dUsarA nAma zaMkhavatI nagarI AyA hai| isa prakAra ahicchatra ke vibhinna nirdezoM ke AdhAra para nirNaya karanA kaThina hai ki vAgbhaTa ne kisa ahicchatra ko suzobhita kiyA thA / DA0 jagadIza canda jaina ne ahicchatra kI avasthiti rAmanagara meM hI mAnI hai, kintu hameM isa sambandha meM ojhA jI kA mata hI adhika pramANita pratIta hotA hai aura kavi vAgbhaTa kA janma sthAna nAgaura hI ja~catA hai / sampradAya vATa prathama ke sambandha meM itanA to niHsandigdha hai ki ye jaina dharma ke anuyAyI the| kyoMki nemi - nirvANa tathA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke nimna Arambha maMgala zloka jaina dharma aura jaina darzana ke prati vAgbhaTa kI AsthA evaM manasaMtuSTi donoM kA saMketa karatA mAlUma par3atA hai / zrI nAbhisUnoH padapadmayugmanakhAH sukhAni prathayantu te vaH / samaM nagannAkiziraH kirITasaMghaTTavisrastamaNIyitaM yaiH / / " 2. iti zrI nemi nirkane vAgbhaTaracite mahAkAvye - nemi nirvANa, sargAnta puSpikA 5. jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga-6, pR0 480 7. nemi nirvANa, 1/1-24 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra bhUmikA, pR0 - 1 3. prazasti zloka saM0 87 (yaha prazasti zravaNabelagola ke sva0 paM0 daurbali jinadAsa zAstrI ke pustakAlaya vAlI 4. nAgarI pracAriNI patrikA, bhAga-2, pR0 329 5. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna, pR0-282 prazasti neminirvANa kAvya kI prati meM bhI prApta hai / ) - sargaH /

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"neminirvANa" kA kartA zriya dizatu vo devaH zrI nAbheya jinaH sadA / mokSamArga sadA brUte padAgamapadAvalI / / / (arthAt ve zrI nAbheya-jina jinakI siddhAnta paramparA satpuruSoM ke liye mokSa mArga kA nirUpaNa kiyA karatI hai, Apa sabako kalyANa lakSmI pradAna kare / ) ___ "zrI nAbheya jina" isa pada meM zrI svanabhiyoM brahmAzca, nabhiyo tAbhyAmupakSito jinaH viSNu zrI nAbheyajinaH arthAt lakSmI kiMvA brahmA se puraskRta viSNu bhagavAn Adi artha kI gaveSaNA jo ki vAgbhaTAlaMkAra kI eka Adha vyAkhyA meM kI gaI hai, vAgbhaTa ko jaina dharma ke atirikta anya dharma kA anuyAyI nahIM siddha karatI / isa maMgala zloka meM "atizaya catuSTaya" arthAt jJAnAtizaya, pUjAtizaya, apAyApagamatAtizaya aura vacanAtizaya kA spaSTa saMketa hai / (kyoMki jaina sAhitya kI paramparA meM "deva" vaha hai jo kevalajJAna zrI se dedIpyamAna hai| zrI nAbheya jina vaha hai jo zrI athavA aSTa-mahApratidharmAdi lakSmI se sadA saMyukta kiMvA rAga dveSAdiripucakra kA vijetA hai, aura mokSa mArga kA pradarzaka vaha hai jo "ratnatraya" kI ArAdhanA-sAdhanA se siddha hai)| vaha isI bAta kA pramANa hai ki vAgbhaTa kI AsthA "ratnatraya" ke prati raha cukI hai aura vAgbhaTa kI manastuSTi "jainAgama padAvalI" para kendrita hai / vAgbhaTa ne na to guru Adi kA nAma likhA hai aura na koI anya hI paricaya diyA hai, apane kisI pUrvavartI kavi AcArya kA bhI smaraNa nahIM kiyA hai jisase inake viSaya meM jAnA jA sake / grantha ke antarvIkSaNa me jJAta hotA hai ki ve vAgbhaTa nizcita rUpa se digambara sampradAya ke the / kAvya ke prArambha meM maMgalAcaraNoM meM 24 tIrthaGkaroM kA kramazaH varNana kiyA hai jinameM kramazaH mallinAtha tIrthaGkara ko ikSvAkuvaMzI rAjAsuta (zvetAmbara ke anusAra sutA nahIM) mAnA hai| tathA mallinAtha ko kumAra rUpa mAnA hai / tathA dUsare sarga meM digambara mAnya solaha svapnoM kA varNana hai| isase inakA digambara sampradAya kA honA sunizcita hai.|| vAgbhaTa prathama ne apane vaMza ke sambandha meM kucha thor3A sA saMketa kiyA hai : brahmANuzaktisampuTamauktikamaNeH prabhAsamUha iva / zrI vAgbhaTa iti tanaya AsIt budhastasya somasya / / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke vyAkhyAkAra zrI siMhadeva maNi ne isa udAharaNa zloka kI avataraNikA ke rUpa meM nirdeza diyA hai : "idAnIM granthakAraH idamalaMkAra karttatvakhyApanAya vAgbhaTAbhidhasya mahAkavermahAmAtyasyatannA 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra zloka saMkhyA -1 (prathama pariccheda) 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra, bhUmikA, pR0-2 3. tapaH kuThArakSatakarmavallimallirjino vaH shriymaatnotu| kuroHmatasyApi na yasya jAtaM duHzAsanatvaM bhuvneshvrsy|| ___ - neminirvANa, 1/29 4. neminirvANa, 2/46 5. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda zloka saM0147

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90 magAthayaikayA nidarzayati" / zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana tathA eka aura vyAkhyAkAra zrI jinavardhanasUri kA yaha ullekha hai :" tasya somasya vAhaDa iti nAmnA tanaya AsIt " jisakI puSTi vAgbhaTa ke hI tIsare vyAkhyAtA zrI kSemahaMsamaNi ne isa prakAra se kI hai :" tasya somasya vAhaDa iti tanaya AsIt " yaha saba yahI siddha karatA hai ki vAgbhaTa kA prAkRta nAma vAhaDa raha cukA hai aura vAgbhaTa ke pitA kA nAma " soma" thA / nivAsa sthAna vAgbhaTa kA nivAsa sthAna aNahillapaTTana (anahilavADa ) pratIta hotA hai / vAgbhaTa ne apanI nagara bhUmi kA isa prakAra smaraNa kiyA hai : aNahillapATakaM puramavanipatiH karNadevanRpasUnuH / zrI kalazanAmadheyaH karI ca ratnAni jagatIha / arthAt jagatItala ke pratyakSa dRzyamAna "ratnatraya" meM prathama ratna aNahillapATana nAmaka nagara ratna / dvitIya ratna hai cAlukya zrI jayasiMha deva nAmaka rAjaratna aura tRtIya ratna hai zrI kalazanAmaka gajarala / ataH isase anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai ki vAgbhaTa kA anahilavADa ke prati pragAr3ha sneha evaM hRdayAsakti kA hI paricAyaka hai / vAgbhaTa aura cAlukya zrI jayasiMhadeva kA sambandha to siddha hI hai, kyoMki vAgbhaTAlaMkAra kI katipaya sUktiyA~ zrI jayasiMhadeva kI smRti aura prazasti kA hI abhiprAya rakhatI haiMudAharaNa ke lie yaha sUkti- "indreNa kiM yadi sa karNanarendrasUnurairAvatena kimaho yadi tddviyendrH| dagbholinApyalamalaM yadi tatpratApaH svargopyayaM nanu mudhA yadi tatpurI sA / / " 3 yaha sUkti zrI karNadeva ke putra cAlukya zrI jayasiMhadeva ko indra ke samAna dharma batAtI huI vAgbhaTa ke rAjaprema kI sUcanA de rahI hai| isI prakAra yaha sUkti bhI - jagadAtmakIrtizubhraM janayannaddAmadyomadoH paridhiH / jagatipratApapUSA jayasiMhaH kSmAbhRdadhinAthaH / / " isase cAlukya zrI jayasiMhadeva kA nAma saMkIrtana spaSTa hai / vAgbhaTa aura samasAmayika cAlukya darabAra ke pArasparika sambandha kA spaSTa prabhAva haiM / 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra bhUmikA, pR0-2 3. vahI, zloka saM0 75 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, zloka saM0 131 4. vahI, zloka saM0 45

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"neminirvANa" kA kartA isI prakAra vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke caturtha pariccheda meM zloka saMkhyA assI aura caurAssI se yaha spaSTa hai ki kavi vAgbhaTa ko apane Azraya dAtA cAlukya zrI jayasiMhadeva para abhimAna hai aura cAlukya rAjA ke tAmracUDa chatra ke gaurava kA dhyAna hai / sthiti kAla vAgbhaTa ne apane kAvya tathA apane samaya ke sambandha meM kucha bhI nirdeza nahIM diyA hai ataH antaraMga prabhAvoM ke abhAva meM kevala bAhya prabhAvoM kA sAkSya hI zeSa raha jAtA hai / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke racayitA ne apane lakSaNa grantha meM nemi nirvANa ke chaThe sarga ke "kAntAra bhUmau juhUrvasante, aura nemi vizAlanayanayoH padyoM kI vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke padya 4/35, 4/39 evaM 4/32 meM uddhRta kiyA hai / neminirvANa ke varaNAH prasUnanikarA bhI vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke 4/40 veM padya ke rUpa meM AyA hai / ataH neminirvANa kI racanA vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke pUrva huI. hai / vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke racayitA vAgbhaTa kA samaya jayasiMhadeva kA rAjyakAla mAnA jAtA hai / pro0 bUlhara ne anahilavADa ke cAlukya rAjavaMza kI jo vaMzAvalI aMkita kI hai, unake anusAra jayasiMhadeva kA rAjyakAla san 1093-1142 (vi0saM0 1150-1199) siddha hotA hai / AcArya hemacandra ke vyAzraya kAvya se siddha hotA hai ki vAgbhaTa cAlukya vaMzIya karNadeva ke putra jayasiMha deva ke amAtya the / ataeva neminirvANa kI racanA vi0saM0 1171 (1114 I0) ke pUrva honI caahie|' candraprabhacarita, dharmazarmAbhyudaya aura neminirvANa ina tInoM kAvyoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se jJAta hotA hai ki candraprabhacarita kA prabhAva dharma-zarmAbhyudaya para hai aura neminirvANa ina donoM kAvyoM se prabhAvita hai / dharmazarmAbhyudaya para neminirvANa kA prabhAva jarA bhI pratIta nahIM hotA hai| dharmazarmAbhyudaya "zrI nAbhisUnozciramajhiyugmanakhena" kA neminirvANa ke "zrInAbhisUnoH padapadmayugmanakhaH para spaSTa prabhAva hai / isI prakAra "candraprabhanobhiyadIyamAlA nUnaM se "candraprabhAya prabhave trisandhye tasmai padya bhI prabhAvita hai / ataeva neminirvANa kA racanAkAla I0san 1075-1125 honA caahie| nemi nirvANa para mAgha ke zizupAla vadha kI spaSTa chAyA hai jo chaThe sarga se dazaveM sarga taka dekhI jA sakatI hai| kAvya kI kathAvastu guNabhadra ke uttara purANa. tathA jinasena prathama ke harivaMzapurANa se grahIta mAlUma par3atI hai / ataH isase ye avazya hI inake bAda huye hoNge| 1. minirvaNam, 6/46 2. vahI, 6/47 3. vahI, 6/51 4. vahIM, 7/26 5. saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna pR0 283 6.dharmazAbhyudaya, 11 7. nemi nirvANa 1/1 8.dharmazarmabhyudaya 1/2 9. nemi nirvANa 128

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92 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana isI prakAra vAgbhaTa kA kAryakAla anya pramANoM se bhI yahI siddha kiyA jA sakatA hai| prabhAvakacarita meM vAgbhaTa ke sambandha meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai - athAsti vAhaDo nAma dhanavAn dhArmikAgraNIH / gurupAdAn praNamyAtha cakre vijJApanAmasau / / AdizyatAmatizlAghyaM kRtyaM yatra dhanaM vyaye / prabhurAhAlaye jaine dravyasya saphalo vyayaH / / AdezAnaMtaraM tenAkAryata zrIjinAlayaH / hemAdridhavala stuMgo, dIpyatkumbhamahAmaNiH / / zrI mAtA varSamAna syAbIbharadvimbumatamam / yattejasA jitAzcandra (candra) kAntamaNiprabhAH / / zataikAdazake sASTasaptatau vikramArkataH / vatsarANAM vyatikrAnte shriimunicndrsuuryH||| ArAdhanAvidhizreSThaM kRtvA prAyopavezanam / zamapIyUSakallolaplutAste tridivaM yayuH / / vatsare tatra caikena pUrNe zrIdevasUribhiH |shrii vIrasya pratiSThAM sa vAhaDo kArayatsudA / / isakA yahI abhiprAya hai ki vAgbhaTa 1122 I0 (1179 vi0saM0) ke haiM aura unakA nAma vAhaDa raha cukA hai jisakA saMskRta rUpAntara vAgbhaTa hai| vAgbhaTa eka dhanI kiMvA parama dhArmika jainopAsaka the aura unhoMne jaina mandira kI sthApanA meM apane dhana kA sadvyaya kiyA thA / prabhAvaka carita kI ye paMktiyA~ bhI vAgbhaTa ke uparyukta kAryakAla kI hI puSTi karatI haiM - aNahillapuraM prApakSamApaH prApta jayodayaH / mahotsavapravezasya gajArUDhasurendravat / / vAgbhaTasya vihAraM sAdRzetadyasAyanam / anyeyuH vAgbhaTAmAtyaM dharmAtyantikavAsanaH / / apRcchatArhatAcAropadeSTAraM guruM nRpaH |shriimdvaagbhtt-devo'pi jIrNoddhAramakArayata / / zikhInduravi varSe (1213) ca dhvajAropaM vyadhApayata / / arthAt vikrama saMvat 1213 (1956 I0) meM amAtya pravara vAgbhaTa ne jaina vihAra kA jIrNoddhAra kiyA aura eka dhvaja stambha kI sthApanA kI / 1. vAgbhayAlaMkAra, bhUmikA pR0 4-5

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adhyAya-do (ka) neminirvANa kI kathAvastu kathAvastu kA mUla srota : kAvya zAstriyoM kI aisI mAnyatA rahI hai ki mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu kisI aitihAsika kathAvastu para AdhArita athavA sajjanAdhita honA cAhie / zAstrakAroM kI isa mAnyatA ke anusAra nemi-nirvANa ke mUla srota ke viSaya meM vicAra karanA Avazyaka pratIta hotA hai / zrI neminAtha ke caritra ke kucha sUtra sabase pahale AcArya yativRSabha dvArA likhita 'tiloyapaNNattI' nAmaka grantha meM dRSTigocara hote haiM / yadyapi yaha grantha 'karaNAnuyoga' kA hai, isalie isameM mukhyarUpa se caturgati, yuga-parivartana Adi kA hI vivecana hotA hai, tathApi digambara jaina sAhitya ke zrutAGga se sambandha rakhane ke kAraNa isameM 63 zalAkApuruSoM kA bhI saMkSipta varNana huA hai / tiloyapaNNattI meM pratipAdita tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke varNana ko vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke mUla srota ke rUpa meM svIkAra nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai| kyoMki isameM neminAtha ke mAtA-pitA, janmasthAna, kevalajJAna, mokSaprApti kA digdarzana mAtra huA hai / isameM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke pUrvavartI bhava, janmatithi, tIrthakAla, Ayu, zarIra kI U~cAI, cihna, vairAgya utpatti kA hetu, dIkSA sthAna, chadmastha kAla, kevalajJAna prApti kI tithi evaM sthAna, indra dvArA samavasaraNa kI saMracanA, samavasaraNa kA kSetraphala, kevalikAla, gaNadhara, gaNoM meM muni evaM ArbhikAoM kI saMkhyA tathA tIrthakAla kA hI nirdeza huA hai, jinakA mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu meM koI mahattva nahIM hai / bhale hI neminAtha ke caritra ke bIja tiloyapaNaNatI meM vidyamAna hoM, parantu ise neminirvANa kA srota nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai, kyoMki isameM unake jIvana kI kisI bhI ghaTanA kA varNana nahIM kiyA gayA hai / uttarapurANa meM varNita neminAthacarita : zrI kRSNa tathA honahAra neminAtha tIrthaDara ke puNya se indra kI AjJA pAkara kubera ne eka sundara nagarI kI racanA kI / jisameM sabase pahale usameM vidhipUrvaka maMgaloM kA mAMgalika sthAna aura eka hajAra zikharoM se suzobhita dedIpyamAna eka bar3A jinamandira bnaayaa| phira vA, koTa, parikhA, gopura tathA aTTAlikA Adi se suzobhita puNyAtmA, jIvoM se yukta manohara nagarI banavAI / samudra apanI bar3I-bar3I taraMgarUpI bhujAoM se usa nagarI ke gopura kA AliMgana karatA thA, vaha nagarI apanI dIpti se devapurI kI ha~sI karatI thI aura dvArAvatI usakA nAma thA / jinheM lakSmI kaTAkSa uThAkara dekha rahI thI aise zrIkRSNa ne pitA vasudeva tathA bar3e bhAI baladeva ke sAtha usa nagarI meM praveza kiyA aura yAdavoM ke sAtha sukha se rahane lge| jo Age calakara 1. 'itihAsodbhavaM vRtamanyad vA sjjnaashritm|' sAhityadarpaNa, 6/38 2. draSTavya - tiloyapaNNattI, cautyo mhaadhiyaaro|

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94 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana tIna loka kA svAmI hone vAlA hai aisA ahamindra kA jIva jaba chaH mAha bAda jayanta vimAna se calakara pRthvI para Ane ke liye udyata huA taba kAzyapa gotrI harivaMza ke zikhAmaNi rAjA samudravijaya kI rAnI zivAdevI ratnoM kI dhArA Adi se pUjita huI aura deviyA~ unake caraNoM kI sevA karane lgiiN| chaha mAha samApta hone para rAnI ne kArtika zukla SaSThI ke dina uttarASAr3ha nakSatra meM rAtri ke pichale samaya solaha svapna dekhe aura unake bAda hI mukhakamala meM praveza karate hue eka uttama hAthI ko dekhA / 1 tadanantara - bandIjanoM ke zabda aura prAtaH kAla ke samaya bajane vAlI bheriyoM kI AvAja sunakara jAgI huI rAnI zivAdevI ne maMgalamaya snAna kiyA, puNyarUpa vastrAbharaNa dhAraNa kiye aura phira baDI namratA se rAjA ke pAsa jAkara vaha unake ardhAsana para baiTha gaI / pazcAt usane apane dekhe hue solaha svapnoM kA phala pUchA / sUkSma buddhivAle rAjA samudravijaya ne bhI sune huye Agama kA vicAra kara una svapnoM kA phala kahA ki tumhAre garbha meM tIna loka ke svAmI tIrthaGkara avatIrNa hue haiN| usa samaya rAnI zivAdevI svapnoM kA phala sunakara aisI santuSTa huI mAnoM usane tIrthaGkara ko hI prApta kara liyA ho| usI samaya indroM ne bhI yaha saba apane-apane cihnoM se jAna liyA / ve saba harSa se mila kara Aye aura svargAvataraNa kalyANaka (garbha kalyANaka) kA mahotsava karane lage / utsava dvArA puNyopArjana kara ve apane - apane sthAna para cale gaye / phira zrAvaNazuklA SaSThI ke dina brahmayoga ke samaya citrA nakSatra meM tIna jJAna ke dhAraka bhagavAna kA janma huaa| aise saudharma Adi indra harSita hokara Aye aura nagarI ko gherakara khar3e ho gaye / tadanantara jo nIla kamala ke samAna kAnti ke dhAraka haiM, IzAnendra ne jinapara chatra lagAyA hai tathA namaskAra karate hue camara aura vairocana nAma ke indra jina para camara Dhora rahe haiM, aise jinendra bAlaka ko saudharmendra ne bar3I bhakti se uThAyA aura kubera nirmita tIna prakAra kI maNimaya sIr3hiyoM ke mArga se calakara unheM airAvata hAthI ke skandha para virAjamAna kiyA / aba indra AkAza mArga se calakara sumeru para pahu~ce aura vahA~ usane sumeru parvata kI IzAna dizA meM pANDuka zilA ke agrabhAga para jo anAdinidhana maNimaya siMhAsana rakhA hai, usa para sUrya se adhika tejasvI jina-bAlaka ko virAjamAna kara diyaa| vahIM usane anukrama se hAthoMhAtha lAkara indroM ke dvArA saupe evaM kSIrasAgara ke jala se bhare svarNamaya eka hajAra ATha dedIpyamAna kalazoM ke dvArA unakA abhiSeka kiyaa| unheM yathAyogya icchAnusAra AbhUSaNa pahanAye aura ye samIcIna dharmarUpI cakra kI nemi haiM - cakradhArA hai, isalie unheM neminAma se sambodhita kiyaa| phira saudharmendra ne mukuTabaddha indroM ke dvArA mAnanIya mahARddhi ke dhAraka bhagavAn ko sumeru parvata para lAkara mAtA-pitA ko sauNpaa| vikriyA dvArA aneka bhujAyeM banAkara rasa aura bhAva se bharA huA Ananda nAmaka nATaka kiyA aura yaha saba karane ke bAda samasta devoM ke sAtha apane sthAna para calA gayA / bhagavAna neminAtha kI tIrtha paramparA ke pA~ca lAkha varSa bIta jAne para nemi jinendra

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neminirvANa kI kathAvastu utpanna hue the / unakI Ayu bhI usI antarAla meM zAmila thI, unakI Ayu eka hajAra varSa kI thI / zarIra daza dhanuSa U~cA thA unake saMsthAna aura saMhanana uttama the| tInoM lokoM ke indra unakI pUjA karate the aura mokSa unake samIpa thA / isa prakAra ke divya sukhoM kA anubhava karate hue cirakAla taka dvArAvatI meM rahe / isa taraha sukhopabhoga karate huye unakA bahuta bhArI samaya eka kSaNa ke samAna bIta gayA / kisI eka dina magadha deza ke rahane vAle aise kitane vaizya putra jo ki jalamArga se vyApAra karate the, puNyodaya se mArga bhUlakara dvArAvatI nagarI meM A pahu~ce / vahA~ kI rAjalIlA aura vibhUti dekhakara Azcarya meM par3a gye| vahA~ jAkara unhoMne bahuta se zreSTha ratna kharIde / tadanantara rAjagRha nagara jAkara una vaizya putroM ne apane seTha ko Age kiyA aura ratnoM kI bheMTa dekara cakraratna ke dhAraka rAjA jarAsandha ke darzana kiye / rAjA jarAsandha ne unakA sammAna kara unase pUchA ki "aho vaizya putroM, Apa logoM ne yaha ratnoM kA samUha kahA~ se prApta kiyA hai? yaha apanI uThatI huI kiraNoM se aisA jAna par3atA hai mAnoM kautukavaza isane netra hI khola rakhe hoN|" uttara meM vaizya putra kahane lage ki he rAjan ! suniye hama logoM ne eka bar3A Azcarya dekhA hai aura aisA Azcarya jise pahale kabhI nahIM dekhA hai| samudra ke bIca meM eka dvArAvatI nagarI hai / jo aisI jAna par3atI hai mAno pAtAla se hI nikala kara pRthvI para AI ho / vahA~ cUne se pute huye bar3e-bar3e bhavana saghanatA se vidyamAna haiM / jisase aisA jAna par3atA hai mAno samudra ke phena kA samUha hI nagarI ke AkAra meM pariNata ho gayA ho / vaha zatruoM ke dvArA alaMghanIya hai / ataH aisI jAna par3atI hai mAno bharata cakravartI kA dUsarA puNya hI ho / bhagavAn neminAtha kI utpatti kA kAraNa hone se vaha nagarI saba nagariyoM se uttama hai, koI bhI usakA vighAta nahIM kara sakatA hai / vaha yAcakoM se rahita hai / yahA~ usake mahaloM para bahuta sI patAkAyeM phaharAtI rahatI haiM jisase aisA jAna par3atA hai ki yaha "gaurava rahita zarada Rtu ke bAdaloM kA samUha mere Upara rahatA hai" isa IrSyA ke kAraNa mAnoM vaha mahaloM ke agrabhAga para phaharAtI huI caMcala patAkAoMrUpI bahuta sI bhujAoM se AkAza meM U~cAI para sthita zarada Rtu ke bAdaloM ko vahA~ se haTA rahI ho / vaha nagarI ThIka samudra ke jala ke samAna hai kyoMki jisa prakAra samudra ke jala meM bahuta se ratna rahate haiM usI prakAra usa nagarI meM bhI bahuta se ratla vidyamAna haiM / jisa prakAra samudra kA jala kRSNa teja arthAt kAle varNa se suzobhita rahatA hai usI prakAra vaha nagarI bhI kRSNa teja arthAt vasudeva putra zrIkRSNa ke pratApa se suzobhita hai aura jisa prakAra samudra ke jala meM sadA gambhIra zabda hotA rahatA hai, usI prakAra usa nagarI meM bhI sadA gambhIra zabda hotA rahatA hai, vaha no yojana caur3I tathA bAraha yojana lambI hai, samudra ke bIca meM hai tathA yAdavoM kI nagarI kahalAtI hai, "hama logoM ne ye ratna vahIM prApta kiye haiM-aisA vaizya putroM ne kahA / jaba deva se chale gaye ahaMkArI jarAsandha ne vaizya putroM ke ukta vacana sune to vaha krodha se andhA ho gayA / jisakI senA asamaya se

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96 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana prakaTa hue pralayakAla ke laharAte samudra ke samAna caMcala hai, aisA vaha jarAsandha yAdava logoM kA zIghra hI nAza karane ke lie tatkAla cala par3A / binA kAraNa hI yuddha se prema rakhane vAle nArada jI ko jaba isa bAta kA patA lagA to unhoMne zIghra hI Akara zrIkRSNa se jarAsandha ke kopa kA samAcAra kaha diyaa| "zatru car3hakara A rahA hai" yaha samAcAra sunakara zrIkRSNa ko kucha bhI AkulatA nahIM huii| unhoMne nemikumAra ke pAsa jAkara kahA ki Apa isa nagara kI rakSA kIjie sunA hai ki magadha kA rAjA jarAsandha hama logoM ko jItanA cAhatA hai so maiM use Apake prabhAva se ghuNa ke dvArA khAye hue jIrNa vRkSa ke samAna zIghra hI naSTa kiye detA huuN| zrIkRSNa ke vIratApUrNa vacana sunakara jisakA citta prasannatA se bhara gayA hai jo kucha-kucha muskarA rahe haiM, jinake netra madhuratA se ota-prota haiM aise neminAtha ko avadhijJAna thA / ataH unhoMne nizcaya kara liyA thA ki virodhiyoM ke Upara hama logoM kI vijaya nizcita rhegii| unhoMne dA~toM kI dedIpyamAna kAnti ko prakaTa karate hue "om" zabda kaha diyA arthAt dvArAvatI kA zAsana svIkRta kara liyA / jisa prakAra jainavAdI anyathAnupapatti rUpa lakSaNa se suzobhita pakSa Adi ke dvArA hI apanI jaya kA nizcaya kara letA hai usI prakAra zrIkRSNa ne bhI neminAtha kI muskAna Adi se apanI vijaya kA nizcaya kara liyA thaa| zrIkRSNa aura baladeva zatruoM ko jItane ke lie jaya vijaya, sAraNa, aMgada, deva, uddhava, sumukha, padma, jarA, sukRSTi, pA~coM pAMDava, satyaka, drupada, samasta yAdava, virATa, aparimita senAoM se yukta dhRSTArjuna, ugrasena, yuddha kA abhilASI cagara? , vidura tathA anya rAjAoM ke sAtha udyata hokara yuddha ke liye taiyAra huye aura vahA~ se calakara kurukSetra meM jA pahuMce / udhara yuddha kI icchA rakhane vAlA jarAsandha bhI apanI garamI (ahaMkAra) prakaTa karane vAle bhISma, karNa, droNa, azvatthAmA, rUkma, zalya, vRSasena, kRpa, kRpavarmA, rudira, indrasena, rAjA jayadratha, hemaprabha, pRthvI kA nAtha duryodhana, duHzAsana, durmiSaNa, durjaya, rAjA kaliMga, bhagadatta tathA anya aneka rAjAoM ke sAtha kRSNa ke sAmane A pahu~cA usa samaya zrIkRSNa kI senA meM yuddha kI bheriyA~ baja rahI thI / so jisa prakAra kusumbha raMga vastra ko raMga detA hai, usI prakAra una bheriyoM ke uThate huye zabda ne zUravIroM ke citta ko ragaMvA diyA thaa| usI prakAra una bheriyoM kA zabda sunakara kitane hI rAjA loga devatAoM kI pUjA karane lage aura kitane hI guruoM ke pAsa jAkara ahiMsA Adi vrata dhAraNa karane lage / yuddha ke sammukha huye kitane hI rAjA apane bhRtyoM se kaha rahe the ki tuma loga kavaca dhAraNa karo, painI talavAra lo, dhanuSa car3hAo aura hAthI taiyAra karo / ghor3oM para jIna kasakara taiyAra karo, striyA~, adhikAriyoM ke liye saupoM, rathoM meM ghor3e jota do, nirantara bhoga upabhoga meM vastuoM kA sevana kiyA jAye, bandI tathA mAgadha loga apane parAkrama se kitane hI zatruoM para jamI huI IrSyA se, kitane hI yaza pAne kI icchA se, kitane hI zUravIroM kI gati pAne ke lobha se, kitane hI apane vaMza ke abhimAna se, kitane

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neminirvANa kI kathAvastu 97 hI yuddha sambandhI anya-anya kAraNoM se prANoM kA nAza karane ke liye taiyAra ho gaye the / usa samaya zrIkRSNa bhI bar3A garva kara rahe the| saba AbhUSaNa pahane the aura zarIra para kezara lagAye ye the jisase aise jAna par3ate the mAnoM sindUra lagAye huye hAthI ho / "ApakI jaya ho" "Apa ciraMjIvI raheM" isa prakAra bandIjana unakA maMgalapATha par3ha rahe the, jisase ve aise jAna par3ate the mAno cAtakoM kI sundara dhvani se yukta navIna megha hI ho| unhoMne sajjanoM ke dvArA dhAraNa kI huI pavitra suvarNamaya jhArI ke jala se Acamana kiyA, zuddha jala se zIghra hI pUrNa jalAMjali dI aura phira gandha, puSpa Adi dravyoM ke dvArA vighnoM kA nAza karane vAle svAmI rahita (jinakA koI svAmI nahIM) tathA bhavya jIvoM kA manoratha pUrNa karane ke liye kalpavRkSa ke samAna zrI jinendradeva kI bhakti pUrvaka pUjA kI, unheM namaskAra kiyA / tadanantara cAroM ora gurujanoM aura sAmantoM ko athavA prAmANika sAmantoM ko rakhakara svaMya hI zatru ko naSTa karane ke liye usake sAmane cala par3e / tadanantara kRSNa kI AjJA se anurAga rakhane vAle prazaMsanIya paricArakoM ne yathAyogya rIti se senA kI racanA kI / jarAsandha bhI saMgrAmarUpI yuddhabhUmi ke bIca meM A baiThA aura kaThora senApatiyoM ke dvArA senA kI yojanA karavAne lagA / isa prakAra jaba senAoM kI racanA ThIka-ThIka ho gaI taba yuddha ke nagAr3e bajane lage / zUravIra dhanuSadhAriyoM ke dvArA chor3e bANoM se AkAza bhara gayA aura usane sUrya kI phailatI huI kiraNoM kI santati ko roka diyA, Dhaka diyA / "sUrya asta ho gayA hai" isa bhaya kI AzaMkA se mohavaza cakavA cakavI paraspara bichar3a gaye / anya pakSI bhI zabda karate huye ghoMsale kI ora jAne lge| isa samaya yuddha ke maidAna meM itanA andhakAra ho gayA thA ki yoddhA paraspara eka dUsare ko dekha nahIM sakate the / parantu kucha hI samaya bAda kruddha huye madonmatta hAthiyoM ke dAMtoM kI Takkara se utpanna huI agni ke dvArA jaba vaha andhakAra naSTa ho jAtA aura saba dizAyeM sApha-sApha dikhane lagatI taba samasta zastra calAne meM nipuNa yoddhA phira se yuddha karane lagate the / vikrama rasa se bhare yoddhAoM ne kSaNabhara meM khUna kI nadiyA~ bahA dI / bhayaMkara talavAra kI dhAra se jinake Age ke do paira kaTa gaye haiM, aise ghor3e una tapasviyoM kI gati ko prApta ho rahe the, joki tapa dhAraNa kara use chor3a dete haiM / jinake paira kaTa gaye haiM aise hAthI isa prakAra par3a gaye the mAno pralayakAla kI mahAvAyu se jar3a se ukhAr3akara nIle raMga ke bar3e-bar3e pahAr3a hI par3a gaye haiN| zatru bhI jinake sAhasapUrNa kAryo kI prazaMsA kara rahe haiM, aise par3e huye yoddhAoM ke prasanna mukha - kamala sthala kamala kI zobhA dhAraNa kara rahe the| yoddhAoM ne apanI kuzalatA se paraspara eka dUsare ke zastra tor3a DAle the parantu unake Tukar3oM se hI samIpa meM khar3e huye bahuta se loga mara gaye the| kitane hI yoddhA na IrSyA se, na krodha se, na yaza se aura na phala pAne kI icchA se yuddha karate the kintu yaha nyAya hai aisA kahakara yuddha kara rahe the| jinakA zarIra sarvaprakAra se zastroM se chinna-bhinna ho gayA hai, aise kitane hI vIra yoddhA hAthiyoM ke skandha se nIce gira gaye the, parantu

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8 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kAnoM ke AbharaNoM meM paira phaMsa jAne se laTaka gaye the, jisase aise jAna par3ate the mAnoM ve apanA ciraparicita sthAna chor3anA nahIM cAhate hoM aura isIliye kAnoM ke agrabhAga kA sahArA le nIce kI aura mukha laTaka gaye hoM / bar3I capalatA se calane vAle kitane hI yoddhA apanI rakSA ke liye bA~ye hAtha se bhAlA lekara zastroM vAlI dAhinI bhujA se zatruoM ko mAra rahe the / Agama meM jo manuSya kA kavalIghAta nAma kA akAla maraNa batalAyA gayA hai usakI adhika se adhika saMkhyA yadi huI thI to usa yuddha meM hI huI thI, aise yuddha ke maidAna ke viSaya meM kahA jAtA hai / isa prakAra donoM senAoM meM cirakAla taka tumula yuddha hotA rahA jisase yamarAja bhI khUba santuSTa ho gayA thA / tadanantara jisa prakAra kisI choTI nadI ke jala ko mahAnadI ke pravAha kA jala dabA detA hai usI prakAra siMha hAthiyoM ke samUha para TUTa par3atA hai usI prakAra zrIkRSNa kruddha hokara tathA sAmanta rAjAoM kI senA ke samUha sAtha lekara zatruoM ko mArane ke liye udyata ho gaye - zatru para TUTa pdd'e| jisa prakAra sUrya ke udaya hote hI aMdhakAra vilIna ho jAtA hai usI prakAra zrIkRSNa ko dekhate hI zatruoM kI senA vilIna ho gayI, usameM bhagadar3a maca gii| yaha dekha, krodha se bharA jarAsandha AyA aura usane rukSa dRSTi se dekhakara apane parAkrama se samasta dizAoM ko prakAzita karane vAlA cakrarala zrIkRSNa kI ora calAyA parantu vaha cakra pradakSiNA dekara zrIkRSNa kI dAhinI bhujA para Thahara gayA / tadanantara vahI cakra lekara zrIkRSNa ne magadhezvara-jarAsandha kA sira kATa DAlA / usI samaya zrIkRSNa kI senA meM jIta ke nagAr3e bajane lage aura AkAza se sugandhita jala kI bUMdo ke sAtha-sAtha kalpavRkSoM ke phUla barasane lage / cakravartI zrIkRSNa ne digvijaya kI bhArI icchA se cakrarala Age kara bar3e bhAI baladeva tathA apanI senA ke sAtha prasthAna kiyA / jinakA udaya balavAna hai aise zrIkRSNa ne mAgadha Adi prasiddha devoM ko jItakara apanA sevaka banAyA aura unake dvArA diye hue zreSTha ratna grahaNa kiye / lavaNa samudra sindhu nadI aura pairoM ke nakhoM kI kAnti kA mleccha rAjAoM se namaskAra karAkara unase apane pairoM ke nakhoM kI kAnti kA bhAra uThavAyA / tadanantara vijayA parvata, lavaNa samudra aura gaMgA nadI ke madhya meM sthita mleccha rAjAoM ko vidyAdharoM ke hI sAtha jitendriya zrIkRSNa ne zIghra hI vaza meM kara liyA / isa prakAra Adhe bhArata ke svAmI hokara zrIkRSNa ne jisameM bahuta U~cI patAkAyeM phaharA rahI haiM aura jagaha-jagaha toraNa bA~dhe gaye haiM aisI dvArAvatI nagarI meM bar3e harSa ke sAtha praveza kiyA / praveza karate hI deva ora vidyAdhara rAjAoM ne unheM tIna khaNDa kA svAmI cakravartI mAnakara unakA binA kucha kahe sune hI apane Apa rAjyAbhiSeka kiyA / zrIkRSNa kI eka hajAra varSa kI Ayu thI, dasa dhanuSa kI U~cAI thI, atizaya suzobhita nIlakamala ke samAna unakA varNa thA aura lakSmI se AliMgita unakA zarIra thA / cakra, zakti, gadA, zaMkha, dhanuSa-daNDa aura nandaka nAma kA khaDga-yeM unake sAta ratna the / ina sabhI ranoM

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neminirvANa kI kathAvastu kI deva loga rakSA karate the / ralamAlA, gadA, hala aura mUsala ye cAra dedIpyamAna mahAratna baladevaprabhu ke the / rukmiNI, satyabhAmA, satI, jAmavantI, susImA, lakSmaNA, gAndhArI, saptamI, gaurI aura priyA padmAvatI ye ATha deviyA~ zrIkRSNa kI paTarAnI thI / inako milAkara saba solaha hajAra rAniyoM thI aura baladeva ke saba milAkara abhISTa sukha dene vAlI ATha hajAra rAniyA~ thI / ye donoM bhAI ina rAniyoM ke sAtha devoM ke samAna sukha bhogate huye parama prIti ko prApta ho rahe the / isa prakAra pUrvajanma meM kiye huye apane puNya karma ke udaya se puSkala bhogoM ko bhogate huye zrIkRSNa kA samaya sukha se vyatIta ho rahA thA / kisI eka samaya zarada Rtu meM saba antaHpura ke sAtha manohara nAma ke sarovara meM saba loga manohara jalakeli kara rahe the / vahA~ para jala uchAlate samaya bhagavAn neminAtha aura satyabhAmA ke bIca caturAI se bharA huA manohara vArtAlApa huA / satyabhAmA ne kahA ki Apa mere sAtha apanI priyA ke samAna krIDA kyoM karate haiM? usake uttara meM nemirAja ne kahA ki kyA tuma merI priyA (iSTa) nahIM ho? satyabhAmA ne kahA ki yadi maiM ApakI priyA (strI) hU~ to phira Apake bhAI (zrIkRSNa) kisake pAsa jAyeMge? neminAtha ne uttara diyA ki ve kAminI ke pAsa jAyegeM? satyabhAmA ne kahA ki suneM to sahI vaha kAminI kauna sI hai, uttara meM neninAtha ne kahA ki kyA tuma nahIM jAnatI? acchA aba jAna jAogI / satyabhAmA ne kahA ki saba loga Apako sIdhA kahate haiM para Apa to bar3e kuTila haiM / isa prakAra jaba vinoda karate karate snAna samApta kiyA taba neminAtha ne satyabhAmA se kahA ki he nIlakamala ke samAna netroM vAlI,! tU merA yaha sAna kA vastra le / satyabhAmA ne kahA ki maiM isakA kyA karUM? neminAtha ne kahA ki ise dho DAla / taba satyabhAmA kahane lagI ki kyA Apa zrIkRSNa hai? vaha zrIkRSNa jinhoMne ki nAgazaiyyA para car3hakara zAraGga nAma kA divya dhanuSa anAyAsa hI car3hA diyA thA aura digdiganta ko pUrNa karane vAlA zaMkhapUrA thA? kyA ApameM vaha sAhasa hai yadi nahIM hai to Apa mujhe vastra dhone kI bAta kyoM kahate ho? neminAtha ne kahA ki "maiM yaha kArya acchI taraha kara dUgarauM" itanA kaha kara ve garva se prerita ho nagara kI ora cala par3e aura vaha AzcaryapUrNa kArya karane ke liye AyudhazAlA meM jA ghuse / vahA~ ve nAgarAja ke mahAmaNiyoM se suzobhita nAgazaiyyA para car3ha gaye / bAra bAra sphAlana karane se jisakI DorI rUpI latA bar3A zabda kara rahI hai aisA dhanuSa unhoMne car3hA diyA ora dizAoM ke antarAla ko rokane vAlA zaMkha phUMka diyA / usa samaya unhoMne apane Apako mahAn unnata samajhA so ThIka hI hai kyoMki rAga aura ahaMkAra kA lezamAtra bhI prANI ko avazya hI vikRta banA detA hai / jisa samaya AyudhazAlA meM yaha saba huA thA usa samaya zrIkRSNa kusumacitrA nAma kI sabhAbhUmi meM virAjamAna the ve sahasA hI yaha AzcaryapUrNa kAma sunakara vyagra ho uThe unakA mana atyanta vyAkula ho uThA / bar3e Azcarya ke sAtha unhoMne kiMkaroM se pUchA ki "yaha kyA hai?"

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100 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana - kiMkaroM ne bhI acchI taraha patA lagAkara zrIkRSNa se saba bAta jyoM kI tyoM nivedana kara dii| kiMkaroM ke vacana sunakara cakravartI kRSNa ne bar3I sAvadhAnI ke sAtha vicAra karate huye kahA ki Azcarya hai, bahuta samaya bAda kumAra neminAtha kA citta rAga se yukta huA hai aba yaha navayauvana se sampanna huye haiM / ataH vivAha ke yogya haiM - inakA vivAha karanA cahie so ThIka hI hai / aisA kauna sukarmA prANI hai jise duSTa kAma ke dvArA bAdhA nahIM hotI ho aisA kahakara unhoMne vicAra kiyA ugravaMzarUpI samudra ko bar3hAne ke liye candramA ke samAna rAjA ugrasena kI jayAvatI rAnI se utpanna huI rAjImatI nAma kI putrI hai, jo sarvAGga sundara hai / vicAra ke bAda hI unhoMne rAjA ugrasena ke ghara svayaM jAkara bar3e Adara se "ApakI putrI tIna loka ke nAtha bhagavAna makumAra kI priyA ho" ina zabdoM meM usa mAnanIya kanyA kI yAcanA kI / isake uttara meM rAjA ugrasena ne kahA ki - he deva! tIna khaNDa meM utpanna huye ratnoM ke Apa hI svAmI haiM ataH yaha kArya Apako hI karanA hai Apa hI isake nAtha haiM, hama loga kauna hote haiM? isa prakAra ugrasena ke vacana sunakara zrIkRSNa mahArAja bahuta hI harSita huye / - tadanantara unhoMne kisI zubha dina meM vaha vivAha kA utsava karAnA prArambha kiyA aura sabase uttama tathA manohara pA~ca prakAra ke ratnoM kA vivAha maNDapa banavAyA / usake bIca meM eka vedikA banavAI gaI thI jo navIna motiyoM kI sundara raMgolI se suzobhita thI, maMgalamaya sugandhita phUloM ke upahAra tathA vRSTi se manohara thI / usa para sundara navIna vastra tAnA gayA thA aura usake bIca meM suvarNa kI caukI rakhI huI thii| usI caukI para nemikumAra ne vadhu rAjImatI ke sAtha gIle cAvaloM para baiThane kA nega ( dastUra ) kiyA / dUsare dina vara ke hAtha meM jaladhArA dene kA samaya thA / usa dina mAyAcAriyoM meM zreSTha zrIkRSNa kA abhiprAya lobha kaSAya ke tIvra udaya se kutsita ho gayA / unheM isa bAta kI AzaMkA huI ki kahIM indroM ke dvArA pUjanIya bhagavAna neminAtha hamArA rAjya na le leM / usI kSaNa unheM vicAra AyA ki ve "nemikumAra vairAgya kA kucha kAraNa pAkara bhogoM se virakta ho jAveMge" aisA vicAra kara ve vairAgya kA kAraNa juTAne kA prayatna karane lage / unakI samajha meM eka vicAra AyA / unhoMne bar3e-bar3e zikAriyoM se pakar3avAkara aneka mRgoM kA samUha bulAyA aura use eka sthAna para ikaTThA kara usake cAroM ora bAr3I lagavA dI tathA vahA~ jo rakSaka niyukta kiye gaye unase kaha diyA ki yadi bhagavAn neminAtha dikhAoM kA avalokana karane ke liye AveM aura ina mRgoM ke viSaya meM pUcheM to unase Apa loga sApha-sApha kaha deM ki Apa ke vivAha meM mArane ke lie cakravartI ne yaha mRgoM kA samUha bulAyA hai / 1 tadanantara jo nAnA prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM se dedIpyamAna haiM, jinake sira ke bAla saje hue haiM, jo lAla kamaloM kI mAlA se alaMkRta haiM, ghor3oM ke khuroM se uThI huI dhUli ke dvArA jinhoMne dizAoM ke agrabhAga lipta kara diye haiM aura jo samAna avasthA vAle atizaya prasanna bar3e-bar3e

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101 neminirvANa kI kathAvastu maMDalezvara rAjAoM ke putroM se ghire huye haiM, aise nainAbhirAma bhagavAna nemikumAra bhI citrA nAma kI pAlakI para ArUr3ha hokara dizAoM kA avalokana karane ke liye nikale / vahA~ unhoMne ghora karuNa svara se cillA-cillA kara idhara-udhara daur3ate pyAse dIna dRSTi se yukta tathA bhaya se vyAkula huye mRgoM ko dekha dayAvaza vahA~ ke rakSakoM se pUchA ki yaha pazuoM kA bahuta bhArI samUha yahA~ eka jagaha kisaliye rokA gayA hai ! uttara meM rakSakoM ne kahA ki he deva ! Apake vivAhotsava meM bhojana ke lie mahArAja zrIkRSNa ne inheM bulAyA hai| yaha sunate hI bhagavAn neminAtha vicAra karane lage ki ye pazu jaMgala meM rahate haiM / tRNa khAte haiM aura kabhI kisI kA kucha aparAdha nahIM karate haiM phira bhI loga inheM apane bhoga ke liye pIr3A pahu~cAte haiM, aise logoM ko dhikkAra hai athavA jinake citta meM gAr3ha mithyAtva bharA huA hai aise mUrkha tathA dayAhIna prANI apane nazvara prANoM ke dvArA jIvita rahane ke liye kyA nahIM karate haiM, dekho ! kRSNa ne mujha para apane rAjya grahaNa kI AzaMkA kara aisA kapaTa kiyA hai / aisA vicAra kara ve virakta huye aura lauTakara apane ghara A gaye / vairAgya ke prakaTa hone se usI samaya laukAntika devoM ne Akara unheM samajhAyA, apane pUrva bhavoM kA smaraNa kara ve bhaya se kA~pa uTheM, usI samaya indroM ne Akara dIkSA kalyANaka kA utsava kiyA / tadanantara devakuru nAmaka pAlakI para savAra hokara ve devoM ke sAtha cala pdd'e| sahasrAma vana meM jAkara velA kA niyama liyA aura zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ke dina sAyaMkAla ke samaya kumAra kAla ke 300 varSa bIta jAne para eka hajAra rAjAoM ke sAtha-sAtha saMyana dhAraNa kiyA usI samaya unheM cauthA manaHparyayajJAna ho gayA aura kevala jJAna bhI nikaTa kAla meM ho jAvegA / jisa prakAra sandhyA sUrya ke pIche-pIche astAcala para calI jAtI hai usI prakAra rAjImatI bhI tapazcaraNa ke liye unake pIche-pIche calI gayI / so ThIka hI hai kyoMki zarIra kI to bAta dUra rahI vacana mAtra se bhI dI huI kulastriyoM kA yahI nyAya hai / anya manuSya to apane duHkha se bhI virakta nahIM sune jAte para jo sajjana puruSa hote haiM veM dUsaro ke duHkha se hI mahAvibhUti kA parityAga kara dete haiM / baladeva tathA nArAyaNa Adi mukhya rAjA aura indra Adi deva saba aneka stavanoM ke dvArA una bhagavAna kI stuti kara apane apane sthAna para cale gaye / pAraNA ke dina una bhagavAna ne dvArAvatI nagarI meM praveza kiyA / vahA~ suvarNa ke samAna kAnti vAle tathA zraddhA Adi guNoM se sampanna rAjA varadatta ne paDagAhana? Adi navadhA bhakti kara unheM muniyoM ke grahaNa karane yogya zuddha prAsuka AhAra diyA tathA paMcAzcarya prApta kiye| usake ghara devoM ke hAtha se chor3I huI sAr3he bAraha karor3a ratnoM kI varSA huI, phUla barase / mandatA Adi tIna guNoM se yukta vAyu calane lagI / meghoM ke bhItara chipe devoM ke dvArA tADitadundubhiyoM kA sundara zabda hone lagA aura 'Apane bahuta acchA dAna diyA' yaha ghoSaNA hone lagI / isa prakAra tapasyA karate huye jaba unakI chadmastha avasthA ke 56 dina vyatIta ho gaye taba eka

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102 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam H eka adhyayana dina ve raivataka ( giraNAra) parvata para belA kA niyama lekara kisI bar3e bhArI bA~sa ke vRkSa ke nIce virAjamAna ho gaye / nidAna Azvina zuklA pratipadA ke dina citrA nakSatra meM prAtaHkAla ke samaya unheM samasta padArthoM ke viSaya karane vAlA kevalajJAna utpanna huA / devoM ne kevalajJAna kalyANaka kA utsava kara unakI pUjA kI / harivaMza purANa meM neminAthacarita : atimuktaka muni ke mukha se yaha bAta sunakara ki hamAre vaMza meM 22 veM tIrthaGkara utpanna hoMge, vasudeva bahuta prasanna huye| unakI prArthanA sunakara atimuktaka muni ne neminAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA savistAra varNana kiyA / dazArho meM mukhya sauryapura nivAsI rAjA samudravijaya kI patnI ke garbha meM bhagavAna ke Ane se chaH mAha pahale se hI lekara janmaparyanta pandraha mAsa taka indra kI AjJA se devoM ne dhana kI varSA jArI rakhI / vaha dhana kI varSA pratidina tIna bAra sAr3he tIna karor3a kI saMkhyA kA pramANa liye hue par3atI thI / usI samaya pUrvAdi dizAoM ke agrabhAga se AI huI dikkumArI deviyoM ne paricaryA dvArA mAtA zivAdevI kI sevA prArambha kara dii| isa prakAra sevA kiye jAte huye eka dina rAtri meM sote samaya rAnI ne uttama solaha prakAra ke svapna dekhe / prathama svapna meM nirantara mada jala bahatA huA indra kA airAvata hAthI dekhA, jisake saba ora se nirantara mada rUpI jharanA baha rahA thA aura jisane apanI dhvani se dizAoM ko vyApta kara rakhA thaa| dUsare svapna meM ambikA kA mahAvRSabha dekhA jisake sundara sIMga, kAndAleM U~cI, khura pRthvI ko khoda rahe the / sAnA lambI, A~khe dIrgha, raMga sapheda, megha ke samAna garjanA karane vAlA netroM kA priya thA / tIsare svapna meM parvatoM ko lA~ghane vAlA siMha, candramA kI kalA athavA aMkuza ke samAna dahAr3o ko dhAraNa karane vAlA zarIra kA atyanta lambA, daza dizAoM ke anta meM vizrAma karane vAlA aura jo ghumar3ate hue megha ke samAna sapheda thA, cauthe svapna meM vaha lakSmI dekhI jo kisI hAthI ke samAna sthUla 'stanoM' se yukta thI / zubha hAthI ghaDoM meM rakhe hue jala se jisakA abhiSeka kara rahe the| jo apane hAtha meM kamala liye hue thI aura khile hue kamaloM ke Asana para baiThI thI / pA~caveM svapna meM jAgatI huI ke samAna zivAdevI ne AkAza meM laTakatI huI do aisI uttama mAlAyeM dekhI jinhoMne apanI parAga se bhramaroM ke samUha ko lAla kara diyA thA / chaThe svapna meM bAdaloM rahita AkAza ke bIca meM aisA candramA dekhA jo apanI tIkSNa kiraNoM se zAnti ke saghana andhakAra ko naSTa karake udita huA thA / sAtaveM svapna meM aisA sUrya dekhA jisakA mukha sampUrNa dina darzanIya thA / sandhyA kI lAlI rUpI sindUra kI parAga se piMjara varNa thA AThaveM svapna meM usane matsyoM kA vaha jor3A dekhA, jo bijalI ke samAna caMcala zarIra kA dhAraka matsmI rUpI strI ke caMcala netroM ke samAna, pArasparika sneha se bharA huA IrSyA rahita 1

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neminirvANa kI kathAvastu 103 krIr3A kara rahA thA / nauveM svapna meM kamala locana zivAdevI ne atyadhika sugandhita jala se bhare huye kalaza dekhe jinake mukha para kamala rakhe the jo uttama svarNa se nirmita the / usake bAda dasaveM svapa meM bar3A sarovara dekhA, jo zubha jala se bharA huA kamaloM se suzobhita uttama rAjahaMsa ke mukta mana ko haraNa karane vAlA thA / gyArahaveM svapna meM eka aisA mahAsAgara dekhA jo uThatI huI U~cI laharoM se bhaMgura mUgoM, motI, maNi aura puSpoM se suzobhita thA / bArahaveM svapna meM lakSmI kA AsanabhUta eka aisA siMhAsana dekhA jisako nakhoM ke agrabhAga evaM dADhoM se majabUta dRSTi se dedIpyamAna aura camakatI huI saTAoM se yukta siMha dhAraNa kiye hue the| terahaveM svapa meM usane AkAza meM eka aisA vimAna dekhA jo bhinna-bhinna prakAra ke belabUToM se yukta dhvajAoM ke agrabhAga se caMcala aura laTakatI huI motiyoM kI mAlAoM se ujjvala thA / caudahaveM svapna meM usane nAgendra kA aisA vizAla dedIpyamAna bhavana dekhA jo pANAoM para sthita maNiyoM ke prakAza pRthvI ke andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAlI kanyAoM ke madhura saMgIta se vyApta thA / pandrahaveM svapa meM zivAdevI ne uttama ratnoM kI eka aisI rAzi dekhI jo padmarAgamaNi tathA camakate hIroM ke sahita, uttama maNiyoM kI bar3I bar3I zilAoM se vyApta, indra dhanuSa se dizAoM ke agrabhAga ko rokane vAlI tathA AkAza kA sparza kara rahI thI / solahaveM aura antima svapna meM zivAdevI ne aisI agni dekhI jo zikhAoM se bhayaMkara, rAtri ke samaya apanI ujjvala kiraNoM se dizAoM ke agrabhAga ko prakAzita karane vAlI thI / isa prakAra svapnoM ke bAda kArtika zuklA SaSThI ke dina devoM ke AsanoM ko kampita karate hue bhagavAn ne svarga se cyuta ho sapheda hAthiyoM kA rUpa dhAraNakara mAtA ke mukha meM praveza kiyA / rAjA samudravijaya ne svapnoM kA phala batAte huye kahA ki he sundara jaMghAoM vAlI priye! yahA~ tere svapoM kA phala kyA kahA jAya ? kyoMki tU tIrthaGkara kI mAtA hai, tumhAre tIrthaGkara putra utpanna hogA / isa prakAra rAjA ne kramazaH una dekhe gaye svapnoM ke phala ko rAnI ko samajhAyA / tadanantara indra kI AjJA aura apanI bhakti ke bhAra se kubera ne svayaM Akara.bhagavAn ke mAtA-pitA kA acchI taraha se abhiSeka kiyA tathA uttamottama AbhUSaNoM se usakI pUjA kI / jisa prakAra AkAza kI lakSmI apane nirmala udara meM candramA ko dhAraNa karatI hai, usI prakAra bhagavAn kI mAtA zivAdevI ne prasiddha dikkumAriyoM-deviyoM ke dvArA pahale se hI zuddha kiye hue apane nirmala udara meM jagat ke kalyANa ke liye sarvaprathama usa garbha ko dhAraNa kiyA, jo uThatI huI prabhA se yukta thaa| zivAdevI kA gUDha garbha vRddhi ko prApta huA / vaizAkha zukla trayodazI kI zubha tithi meM rAtri ke samaya jaba candramA kA citrA nakSatra ke sAtha saMyoga thA, samasta zubha grahoM kA samUha jaba yathAyogya uttama sthAnoM para sthita thA, taba zivAdevI ne samasta jagat ko jItane vAle atizaya sundara putra ko utpanna kiyA, jo tIna jJAna rUpI ujjvala netroM

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104 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam eka adhyayana dhAraka the tathA eka hajAra ATha lakSaNoM se yukta nIlakamala ke samAna sundara zarIra ko dhAraNa kara rahe the / jina bAlaka ne apanI kAnti ke dvArA prasUtikA gRha ke bhItara vyApta maNimaya dIpakoM ke kAnti samUha ko kaI guNA adhika kara diyA thaa| tInoM lokoM meM harSa chA gayA janma mahotsava manAne ke liye devoM kI sAta prakAra kI senA sauryapura AI / usa samaya samasta vidyutakumAriyoM meM pradhAna rucakaprabhA, rucakA, rucakAbhA aura rucakojjvalA tathA dikkumAriyoM meM pradhAna vijaya Adi cAra deviyA~ vidhipUrvaka bhagavAn kA jAtakarma kara rahI thii| bhagavAna ke janmotsava ke pUrva hI kubera ne sauryapura kI adbhuta zobhA banA rakhI thI / tadanantara sajjanoM kA sakhA aura maryAdA ko jAnane vAlA indra nagara meM praveza kara zivAdevI ke mahala ke samIpa khar3A ho gayA aura vahIM se usane Adara se yukta pavitra evaM caMcalatA rahita indrANI ko navajAta bAlaka ko lAne kA Adeza diyaa| pati kI AjJAnusAra indrANI ne prasUtikAgRha meM praveza kiyaa| usa samaya Adara se bharI indrANI atyadhika suzobhita ho rahI thI / vahA~ usane yatnapUrvaka jina mAtA ko praNAma kara mAyAmayI nidrA meM sulA diyA tathA devamAyA se eka dUsarA bAlaka banAkara unake samIpa liTA diyA / tadanantara indrANI ne komala hAthoM se jina bAlaka ko uThAkara apane svAmI indra ke liye de diyA aura devoM ke rAjA indra ne sira jhukAkara jina bAlaka ko praNAma kara donoM hAthoM me uThA airAvata hAthI para virAjamAna kara sumeru parvata kI ora le calA / isI prasaMga meM airAvata hAthI kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / bar3A hI harSamaya vAtAvaraNa hai cAroM ora nRtya, nAda, bhairiyA~, nagAr3e sunAI de rahe haiN| bhinna-bhinna prakAra kI nRtya kalAyeM ho rahI haiM tathA nAnA prakAra kI sugandha se yukta nAnA prakAra ke paTavAsa, dhUpoM ke samUha, uttamottama puSpoM ke samUha AkAza tala ko vyApta kara rahe the / usa samaya sundara vAyu apanI utkRSTa sugandha se yukta sabhI dizAoM ke mukha ko atyanta sugandhita kara rahI thI / isa prakAra harSamaya vAtAvaraNa meM jinendra bhagavAn kA abhiSeka prArambha huA / isake bAda indra dvArA bhagavAn kA stavana kiyA gayA / devoM dvArA zaMkhAdi vAdyantroM kA vAdana aura bhagavAn kI paricaryA kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| kathA ke madhya meM yAdavoM ke naSTa hone kA mithyA samAcAra, Age kramazaH samudravijaya Adi ke dvArA samudra kI zobhA kA avalokana hai / kRSNa ne aSTama bhaktikara paMcaparameSThI kA dhyAna kiyA / indra kI AjJA se gautama deva ne samudra ko zIghra hI dUra haTA diyA aura usa sthala para kubera ne dvArikA nagarI kI racanA kara dI / zrIkRSNa ko nArAyaNa aura baladeva ko balabhadra sthApita kara kubera apane sthAna kI ora calA gyaa| Age dvArikAvatI kA sundara varNana huA hai / madhya meM nArAyaNa varNana, satyabhAmA garbha varNana, kRSNa varNana, rukamaNI vilApa, pA~DavoM kI utpatti, kauravoM ke sAtha yuddha, kaurava-pANDava varNana Adi haiM / athAnantara eka dina kubera ke dvArA bheje hue vastra, AbhUSaNa, mAlA aura vilepana se

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neminirvANa kI kathAvastu 105 suzobhita prasiddha rAjAoM se ghire evaM madonmata hAthI ke samAna sundara gati se yukta yuvA nemikumAra baladeva tathA nArAyaNa Adi yAdavoM se bharI huI kusumavicitrA nAmaka sabhA meM gye| rAjAoM ne apane apane Asana chor3a sammukha jAkara unheM namaskAra kiyA / zrIkRSNa ne bhI Age jAkara unakI agavAnI kI / tadanantara zrIkRSNa ke sAtha meM unake Asana ko alaMkRta karane vAle sabhI ke bIca sabhya janoM kI kathArUpa amRta kA pAna karane vAle evaM atyadhika zUravIratA aura zArIrika vibhUti se yukta aneka rAjA jinakI upAsanA kara rahe the tathA apanI kAnti se jinhoMne sabako AcchAdita kara diyA thA, aise nemikumAra kRSNa ke sAtha kSaNabhara krIr3A karate rahe / tadanantara balavAnoM kI gaNanA chir3ane para koI arjuna kI, koI yuddha meM sthita rahane vAle yatiSThira kI, kisI ne parAkramI bhIma Adi kI prazaMsA kI, kisI ne kahA-baladeva sabase kI ka balavAn hai, kisI ne govardhana parvata ko uThAne vAle zrIkRSNa ko sabase adhika balavAn kahA / isa prakAra kRSNa kI sabhA meM Agata rAjAoM kI taraha-taraha kI vANI sunakara lIlApUrNa dRSTi se bhagavAn neminAtha kI ora dekhakara baladeva ne kahA ki tInoM jagat meM inake samAna dUsarA balavAn nahIM hai / ye apanI hathelI se pRthvI tala ko uThA sakate hai / samudra ko zIghra hI dizAoM meM pheMka sakate haiM aura girirAja ko anAyAsa hI kampAyamAna kara sakate haiM / yathArtha rUpa meM ye jinendra haiM / inase utkRSTa dUsarA kauna ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra baladeva ke vacana suna zrIkRSNa ne pahale to bhagavAn kI ora dekhA aura tadanantara muskArAte huye kahA ki he bhagavan! yadi Apake zarIra kA aisA utkRSTa bala hai to bAhubala meM unakI parIkSA kyoM na kara lI jAye / bhagavAn ne kucha khAsa DhaMga se mukha Upara uThAte hue zrI kRSNa se kahA ki mujhe isa viSaya meM mallayuddha kI kyA AvazyakatA hai / he agrajo, yadi Apako merI bhujAoM kA bala jAnanA hI hai to sahasA isa Asana se mere isa paira ko vicalita kara dIjie / zrIkRSNa usI samaya kamara kasakara bhujanala se jinendra bhagavAn ko jItane kI icchA se uTha khar3e hue paira kA calAnA to dUra rahA, nakharUpI candramA ko dhAraNa karane vAlI paira ko eka aMgulI taka ko calAne meM bhI samartha nahIM ho sake / unakA samasta zarIra pasIna se vyApta ho gayA aura mukha se lambI-lambI sA~se nikalane lagI / anta meM unhoMne ahaMkAra chor3akara spaSTa zabdoM meM yaha kahA ki he deva ! ApakA bala lokottara evaM AzcaryakArI hai / usI samaya indra kA Asana kampAyamAna ho gayA aura vaha tatkAla hI devoM ke sAtha Akara bhagavAn kI stuti, pUjA tathA namaskAra kara apane sthAna para calA gayA / isa prakAra apane bala para zaMkita zrIkRSNa nAtha ke bala se parAsta ho apane mahala ko cale gaye / zrIkRSNa ke mana meM yaha zaMkA ghara kara gayI ki neminAtha ke bala kA koI pAra nahIM hai ataH inake rahate haye hamArA rAjya zAsana sthira rahegA yA nahIM / usa samaya se zrIkRSNa uttama amUlya guNoM se yukta jinendra rUpI unnata candramA kI bar3e Adara se sevA-suzraSA karate hune

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106 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam H eka adhyayana prema pradarzana pUrvaka unakI pUjA karane lage / isI bIca kathAkrama ke madhya meM anya prasaMga A jAte haiM / isake bAda yAdavoM kI krIr3A kA varNana bar3e hI sundara DhagaM se pradarzita kiyA gayA hai / manuSyoM kI manovRti ko haraNa karane vAlI kRSNa kI striyA~ basanta Rtu ke usa caitra baizAkha mAsa meM pati kI AjJA pAkara vRkSoM aura latAoM se ramaNIya vanoM meM neminAtha ke sAtha krIr3A karane lagI / jalakrIr3A kA saMyoga zrRMgArika varNana bar3A hI manorama bana par3A hai / kramazaH basanta varNana evaM grISma varNana huA hai| tadanantara parijanoM ke dvArA lAye huye vastrAbhUSaNoM se vibhUSita striyoM ne santuSTa hokara vastroM se bhagavAn kA zarIra poMchA aura unheM vastra pahanAye / tadanantara jo tatkAla gIlA vastra chor3A thA use nicor3ane ke lie unhoMne vilAsapUrvaka mudrA meM kaTAkSa calAte huye kRSNa kI prema-pAtrA evaM anupama sundarI jAmbavatI ko prerita kiyA / bhagavAn kA abhiprAya samajha zIghratA se yukta nAnA prakAra ke vacana banAne meM paTu jAmbavatI banAvaTI krodha se vikArayukta kaTAkSa calAne lagI / usakA oSTha kampita hone lagA aura hAva-bhAva pUrvaka bhauMhe calAkara netroM se bhagavAn kI ora dekhakara kahane lagI / jinake zarIra aura mukuTa maNiyoM kI prabhA karor3oM sarpoM ke maNiyoM ke kAntimaNDala se dUnI ho jAtI hai, jo mahAnAgazaiyyA para ArUr3ha ho jagat meM pracaNDa AvAja se AkAza ko vyApta karane vAlA zaMkha bajAte haiM, jo jala ke samAna nIlI AbhA ko dhAraNa karane vAle haiM, samasta rAjAoM ke svAmI haiM tathA jinakI aneka sundara striyA~ haiM veM mere svAmI haiM, ve bhI mujhe aisI AjJA nahIM dete phira Apa koI vicitra puruSa jAna par3ate haiM jo mere liye bhI gIlA vastra nicor3ane kA Adeza de rahe haiM / jAmbavatI ke vacana suna bhagavAn neminAtha ne ha~sate hue kahA ki tUne rAjA kRSNa ke jisa pauruSa kA varNana kiyA hai, saMsAra meM vaha kitanA kaThina hai| isa prakAra kahakara ve vega se nagara kI ora gaye aura zIghratA se mahala meM ghusa gaye / ve laharAte huye sarpoM kI phaNAoM se suzobhita zrIkRSNa kI vizAla nAgazaiyyA para car3ha gaye / unake sAraMga dhanuSa ko dUnA kara pratyaMcA se yukta kara diyA aura unake pAMcajanya zaMkha ko jora se phuuNkaa| zaMkha ke usa bhayaMkara se dizAoM ke mukha, samasta AkAza, pRthvI Adi sabhI cIjeM vyApta ho gayI / atyadhika madako dhAraNa karane vAle hAthiyoM ne kSubhita hokara jahA~-tahA~ apane bandhana ke khambhe tor3a diye| ghor3e bandhana tur3Akara hinahinAte huye nagara meM idhara-udhara daur3ane lage / mahaloM ke zikhara aura kinAre TUTa-TUTa kara girane lage / zrIkRSNa ne apanI talavAra khIMca lI / samasta sabhA kSubhita ho uThI aura nagaravAsI jana pralayakAla ke Ane kI zaMkA se atyaMta Akulita hote huye, bhaya ko prApta ho gaye / jaba kRSNa ko vidita huA ki yaha to hamAre hI zaMkha kA zabda hai zabda

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neminirvANa kI kathAvastu 107 taba ve zIghra hI AyudhazAlA meM gaye aura nemikumAra ko dedIpyamAna nAgazaiyyA para anAdarapUrvaka khar3A dekha anya rAjAoM ke sAtha Azcarya karane lage / jyoM hI kRSNa ko yaha saba mAlUma huA ki kumAra ne yaha kArya jAmbavatI ke kaThora vacanoM se kupita hokara kiyA hai tyoM hI bandhujanoM ke sAtha unhoMne atyadhika saMtoSa kA anubhava kiyA aura vaha krodha vikRti bhI saMtoSa kA kAraNa bana gaI / apane svajanoM ke sAtha kRSNa ne yuvA nemikumAra kA AligaMna kara satkAra kiyA aura usake bAda apane ghara gye| ghara jAne para jaba unheM vidita huA ki apanI strI ke nimitta se hI unheM kAmoddIpana huA hai to ve bahuta harSa hu zrIkRSNa ne nemakumAra ke liye vidhipUrvaka bhojavaMziyoM kI kumArI rAjImatI kI yAcanA kI / usake pANigrahaNa saMskAra ke liye bandhujanoM ke pAsa khabara bhejI aura striyoM sahita samasta rAjAoM ko bar3e sammAna ke sAtha bulAkara apane nikaTa kiyA / isake bAda varSA Rtu meM eka dina yuvA nemikumAra dhvajApatAkAoM se suzobhita sUrya ke ratha ke samAna dedIpyamAna evaM cAra ghor3oM se jute ratha para savAra ho aneka rAjakumAroM ke sAtha vanabhUmi kI ora cala diye / prasannatA se yukta rAjImatI tathA nagara kI striyoM ne apane pyAse netroM se jinake zarIrarUpI jala kA pAna kiyA thA tathA jisakA darzana mana ko haraNa kara rahA thA aise neminAtha bhagavAna una rAjakumAroM ke sAtha vizAla rAjamArga se darzakoM para dayA karate huye ke samAna dhIre-dhIre gamana kara rahe the| upavana meM pahu~cakara yuvA nemikumAra zIghra hI vana kI lakSmI ko dekhane lage vana ke nAnA vRkSoM kI paMktiyA~ apanI zAkhA rUpa bhujAyeM phailAkara namrIbhUta ho una para phUloM kI aJjaliyA~ bikherane lgii| usI samaya unhoMne vana meM eka jagaha bhaya se jinake mana aura zarIra kA~pa rahe the jo atyanta vihvala the, puruSa jinheM roke huye the aura jo nAnA jAtiyoM se yukta the aise bhakSI pazuoM ko dekhA / yadyapi bhagavAna avadhijJAna se una pazuoM ko ekatrita karane kA kAraNa jAnate the, tathApi unhoMne zIghra hI ratha rokakara apane zabda se meghadhvani ko jItate hue sArathi se pUchA-ki ye nAnA jAti ke pazu yahA~ kisaliye roke gaye haiM / sArathi ne namrIbhUta hAtha jor3akara kahA ki he vibho ! Apake vivAhotsava meM jo mA~sabhojI rAjA Aye haiM, unake liye nAnA prakAra kA mA~sa taiyAra karane ke liye yahA~ pazuoM ko bA~dhA gayA hai| isa prakAra sArathi ke vacana sunakara jyoM hI bhagavAna ne mRgoM ke samUha kI ora dekhA, tyoM hI unakA hRdaya prANI-dayA se sarAbora ho gayA aura kumAra ko vairAgya A gayA, rasa meM bhaMga ho gayA / isake bAda neminAtha bhagavAna kA tapazcaryA ke liye vana meM prasthAna karanA tathA kevalajJAna kI utpatti honA Adi varNita hai / bAda meM kramapUrvaka bhagavAna ke samavazaraNa kA varNana hai / varadatta ke pUchane para bhagavAna kI divya dhvani meM jIvAjIvAdi tattvoM kA vistRta vivecana huA hai / anta meM bhagavAna ke vihAra kA anupama varNana kiyA gayA hai| zrIkRSNa ne unase tirasaTha zalAkA puruSoM kA vivaraNa pUchA taba bhagavAna ne una sabakA vistAra se varNana kiyA hai /

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adhyAya-do (kha) sargAnusAra kathAnaka prathama sarga : sarvaprathama caubIsa tIrthaGkaroM kramazaH RSabhanAtha, ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinandananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabhu, supArzvanAtha, candraprabhu, puSpadaMta, zItaladeva, zreyAMsanAtha, zrIvAsupUjya, nimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthu jinendra, aratIrthaGkara, mallinAtha, munisuvrata, minAtha, ariSTanemi, pArzvanAtha, mahAvIra bhagavAn ko unake sulakSaNoM se yukta karate hue kApaskAra karake sarasvatI namana, sajjana prazaMsA, khala nindA karate huye, mUla kathA prArambha kI devatAoM ke nivAsa sthAna vAlA prasiddha surASTra nAmaka atyanta ramaNIya deza dhanadhAnya se paripUrNa thA, jahA~ para kRSi uttama tiloM vAlI, strI sundara kezoM vAlI tathA svabhAva kI madhuratA se yukta, sarvatra sundara tAlAba, sundara zveta arjuna vRkSa, cAroM dizAoM meM phailI gAyoM ke samUha se yukta tathA sarasvatI nadI ke sAmIpya ko prApta tathA gopavasatikAoM se yukta pRthvI ko saba ora se dhAraNa karate the| vahA~ para taraha-taraha ke prAsAdoM vAlI ramaNIya dvArAvatI (dvArikA) nAma kI prasiddha nagarI thI / vaha nagarI itanI sundara thI ki jala kA svAmI varuNa bhI usake samAna hI apanI rAjadhAnI banAne kI kalpanA karatA thaa| jisameM yaduvaMza meM vandanIya, tilaka ke samAna "samudravijaya" nAma kA rAjA zAsana karatA thA / satya pratijJA vAle usa rAjA ke rAjya meM anya rAjAoM kI tIna prakAra kI gatiyA~ hotI thI usake caraNoM kI sevA, yuddha meM mRtyu athavA gahana vana meM nivAsa / isa prakAra vaha rAjA atyanta dAnazIla, zatruoM ko ukhADa pheMkane vAlA tathA nyAyapriya thaa| rAjya kI suvyavasthA ke liye mahArAja samudravijaya ne apane anuja "vAsudeva" ke putra "zrI kRSNa" ko yuvarAja pada para pratiSThita kiyA / jo kRSNa bacapana meM hI anekoM vicitratAoM se yukta thA / pUtanA kA rakta pInA, cANUramalla ko dalita karanA, govardhana parvata uThAnA, kezi nAmaka rAkSasa ko mAranA tathA jo apanI mAtA yazodA ke Ananda ko bar3hAne vAlA thA / isa prakAra mahArAja samudravijaya saba prakAra ke sukhoM se yukta hote huye bhI putra ke abhAva meM atyadhika cintita rahate the, jisase putra prApti ke hetu unhoMne aneka vratoM kA sampAdana kiyaa|

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109 sargAnusAra kathAnaka dvitIya sarga : isake bAda eka bAra rAjA samudravijaya ke sabhAmaNDapa meM aneka dizAoM se Aye huye rAjAoM ke dvArA pUjA kiye jAte hue usa rAjA ne AkAza mArga se pRthvI para utaratI huI devAMganAoM ko atyanta AzcaryapUrvaka dekhA / bAdalarahita AkAza meM kyA yaha bijaliyA~ haiM yA prakaTa kAnti vAle tAre haiM / isa prakAra ve samUha banAkara manuSyoM ke dvArA bar3e hI Azcarya se dekhI gyii| anekoM ramaNIyatAoM se yukta, aizvaryazAlinI tathA anekoM AzcayoM ko utpanna karatI huI ve apsarAyeM rAjA kI sabhA meM utarI tathA rAjA ke samIpa pahu~ca kara ujjvala dA~toM kI kAnti rUpI vastra se Dhake huye apane kSata adharoM se tathA dAhine hAtha uThAye huye "jaya" zabda kiyaa| anupama rUpa-sampadA vAlI una apsarAoM ko rAjA ke sevakoM dvArA uttama Asana pradAna kiye gaye tathA isake bAda rAjA ne gaMbhIra svara meM una apsarAoM se unake pRthvItala para Ane ke viSaya meM puuchaa| rAjA ke isa prakAra pUche jAne para apsarAoM meM pramukha lakSmI ne kahA ki he rAjan ! nami jinendra tIrthaMkara se 5 lAkha 6 mAha bIta gaye haiM / ataH muniyoM ne kahA hai ki dUsare jinendra utpanna hoNge| ataH maMgaloM ko dhAraNa karane vAle Apake pavitra vaMza meM saMsAra ke tInoM guNoM vAle dharma maMgala ko dhAraNa karane vAle prabhu nemi putra rUpa meM utpanna hoNge| tadanantara indra ne yAda dilAne ke liye bhejI gayI hameM mahArAnI zivAdevI kI sevA karane ke liye AjJA dI hai / aisA rAjA se nivedana kiyA ! mahArAnI zivAdevI ke garbha meM tIrthaGkara kA jIva Ane vAlA hai / ataH ve tIrthaGkara kI mAtA kI sabhI prakAra se sevA kareMgI / devAMganAyeM mahArAnI kI prasannatA ke liye saMgIta evaM abhinaya prastuta karane lagI tathA namaskArapUrvaka atyanta prasanna mahArAnI zivAdevI kI sevA karane lgii| tInoM lokoM kI yuvatiyoM meM anupama guNoM se yukta usa zivAdevI kI, sundara rIti se devAgaMnAoM ke dvArA Adara pUrvaka sevA kI gii| isake bAda eka dina devAgaMnAoM ke dvArA jaina dharma kI adbhuta kathA kahe jAne para sukhapUrvaka sotI huI usa pativratA mahArAnI ne rAtri ke antima samaya meM ina solaha sundara Azcaryajanaka svapnoM ko dekhA / jo kramazaH isa prakAra haiM - mada jala yukta indra kA airAvata hAthI, vRSabharAja, parvatoM ko lA~ghanevAlA vicitra siMha kAntimAna sundara AbhUSaNoM vAlI lakSmI, phUloM kI divya do mAlAyeM, bAdalorahita AkAza meM sundara candamA jo andhakAra ko naSTa kara rahA thA / parAga para bhaure se yukta navIna puSpa, darzanIya sUryamaNDala ko AkAza meM,

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110 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana matsyayugala, sone ke kalaza-yugala, nIla kamaloM se zobhita jalAzaya, U~cI-U~cI, taragoM vAlA mahAsAgara jo mU~ge, motI, maNiyoM, se sajA huA thaa| se yukta nIlavarNa kI maNi vAlA lakSmI kA siMhAsana, vicitra vimAna jo belabUToM, dhvajAoM, evaM laTakatI huI caMcala maNiyoM se ujjvala thA tathA nAgarAja kA aisA bhavana dekhA jo cAroM ora maNiyoM ke prakAza se andha kAra ko naSTa kara rahA thA, uttama ratnoM kI aisI rAzi dekhI jo padma rAgamaNi tathA camakate hue hIroM vAlI, maNiyoM se vyApta indradhanuSa se AkAza ko sparza karane vAlI thI, antima svapna meM zikhAoM se bhayaMkara, ujjvala kiraNoM se dizAoM ko camakAne vAlI, dhUmarahita jalatI huI vizuddha agni ko dekhA / tRtIya sarga : khilate hue netrarUpI kamaloM kI muskarAhaTa vAlI svapnoM ke atizaya darzana se Azcaryacakita usa mahArAnI ke samakSa sArthaka vacanoM se kisI sundarI devAgaMnA ne prabhAta kI sUcanA dete hue isa prakAra kahA he devI ! vizeSa rAga pAne ke kAraNa tArAgaNa rUpI puSpamAlA ke manda ho jAne se yaha rAtri AkAza zayyA ko chor3a rahI hai / candramA candrabimba rUpI bahatI huI prabhAta kAlIna vAyu se Ahata hokara asta ho rahA hai / cakora kI vANI se mizrita amRta naSTa ho gayA hai tathA kairava puSpoM kA jIvana naSTa ho gayA hai| ur3ate hue bhramara toraNa ke samAna pratIta ho rahe haiM / isa samaya saMsAra meM kauna dhRSTa caMcalatA ko prApta nahIM kara letA / sUrya ke harit varNa ke ghor3e krodha ke kAraNa atyanta lAla kapola paMkti kI lIlA ko dhAraNa kara rahe haiM / he devI! tumhAre jagAne ke lie ina devAMganAoM ke dvArA cAroM ora gAye jAte hue gItoM ko sunakara madamasta se hokara ye dIpaka isa samaya bArambAra apane siroM ko dhuna rahe haiM aura nizcaya hI ye bhaure apanI AvAja ke bahAne kisI kumudaniyoM ke prati aparAdhI hue kisI vazIkaraNa mantra kA uccAraNa kara rahe haiN| aba yaha navIna sUrya kiraNoM se saMsAra ko kuma-kuma dvArA lIpa (sajA) rahA hai aura andhakAra rUpI kIcar3a meM pha~sI huI pRthvI kA parvata rUpI unnata zrRMgoM se uddhAra karate hue sUryadeva ne hajAroM kiraNoM ko phailAkara apanA sArthaka nAma prApta kiyA hai 1 unnata stanoM vAlI gopa bAlikAeM jinakI caMcala veNI hila rahI hai, dadhimanthana dvArA gambhIra zabda karatI huI gorasa (makkhana) taiyAra kara rahI haiM aura aruNa-kAla sarpamaNi ke samAna laga rahA hai / isa prakAra prAtaHkAlIna sundara citraNa ko gAte hue ve devAMganAyeM kahane lagIM ki ve zrI jinadeva tumhArA prAtaH kAla maMgalamaya kareM, jo atyanta dIrghatara tapasyA ke dvArA siddhi ko prApta kI taraha haiM, jinakA smaraNa karake kaluSita doSa - viSa se rahita ho jAte haiN| jinake nirmala zaradkAlIna candramA ke samAna sundara tInoM chatra tInoM lokoM ke svAmitva ko prakaTa karate haiM / jo zobhAyamAna nirmala tathA tejasvI AkRti vAle haiN| isa prakAra bhagavAna ke guNoM ko

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111 sargAnusAra kathAnaka gAtI huI devAGganAyeM kahane lagI ki he mahArAnI sthira pada se vijaya prApta karo, isa prakAra kahe jAne para rAnI zrRMgAra maNDapa meM gaI aura vahA~ turanta zobhAyamAna nirmala vastroM ko dhAraNa karake prakAzamAna mukharUpI candramA se jagAyI gaI kamalinI rUpI sunayanI zarad Rtu kI taraha aura zobhAyamAna huii| mahArAnI zivAdevI zayyA tyAga dantakAnti ke bahAne harSa prakaTa karatI huI zrRMgAra kI latA ke samAna rAjA ke samIpa Akara harSa prakaTa karatI huI una adbhuta svapoM ke phala pUchane lagI / isa prakAra mahArAja ne una svapnoM ko sunakara kahA - he devI ! tumheM jaganmAnya putra prApta hogA tathA sampUrNa svapnoM kA kramazaH phala kahakara sunAyA / caturtha sarga : tIrthaGkara ke garbha meM Ane se rAjA ke citta kI zobhA bar3ha gaI aura zivAdevI kA saundarya aura adhika vRddhi ko prApta ho gayA / ratnoM ke samUha se jar3ita nirmala vastra kI patAkA vata zubha garbha se usa rAnI ne rAjA ke unnata vaMza ko suzobhita kiyA / vinIta devatAoM ke sira se gire huye pArijAta puSpoM kI mAlA ke parAga ko pAkara zivAdevI ke caraNa atyadhika ujjvala ho gaye / kramazaH garbha lakSaNa prakaTa karane ke kAraNa mahArAnI ne sarakaNDe ke samAna pIle zarIra ko dhAraNa kiyA / donoM stana atyadhika vRddhi ko prApta kara garbha se bhArI zarIra vAlI usa mahArAnI ne svayaM bhI kheda prakaTa kiyA / rAjA ke mana ko Anandita karane vAlI hathinI kI taraha garbha ke bhAra se atyanta manda-manda gati ko dhAraNa kiyaa| isake bAda zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ke dina rAnI ne putra ko janma diyA / samIpa meM maujUda usa putra ke utpanna hone se vaha sundarI zIghra hI usI taraha suzobhita huI jaise kAjala ke samAna kAle dhabbe se candramA kI kalA zobhAyamAna hotI hai / devatAoM ke dedIpyamAna mahotsava vAle bhagavAna ke usa janmadina para parAgazUnyatA ko prApta vAyu bhI mandatA ko prApta ho gaI / siMha ke baccoM ne bijalI kI garjanA ko dhAraNa kiyA / sabhI RtuyeM eka hI samaya meM phUloM ke bhAra vAle vRkSoM ke Upara ArUr3ha ho gaI / isa prakAra maMgalamaya kalpavAsiyoM ke yahA~ ghaNTA dhvani, jyotiSiyoM ke yahA~ siMhanAda, bhavanavAsiyoM ke yahA~ zaMkha dhvani aura vyantaroM ke yahA~ dundubhi dhvani hone se tIrthaGkara ke janma kI sUcanA prApta huI / maMgalamaya usake janma se bhavana meM sAta dIpaka jalAye gaye / isa prakAra bhagavAna ke janma hote hI caturNikAya ke deva dvArAvatI meM pahu~ca gaye / isake bAda jinendra bhagavAna ke caraNa-yugala ke darzana ke liye utkaNThita devatAoM ke samUha apane prasiddha tIvravAhanoM ke dvArA indrAdi sahita turanta hI usa nagarI me upasthita ho gaye / paMcama sarga: isake bAda indrANI pavitra prasUti gRha meM praveza kara mAtA zivAdevI ke pAsa dUsare mAyAmayI bAlaka ko sulAkara trilokInAtha bhagavAna ko namaskAra kara donoM hAthoM se grahaNa kara

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112 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana AyI aura iMdra ko sauMpa diyA / indra kI lAla hathelI para kAjalavat, azoka kI latA para pallava kI taraha, vaha bAlaka atyadhika suzobhita huA / dina-rAta stutiyoM se yukta indra use lekara airAvata hAthI para savAra ho sumeru parvata kI coTI para abhiSeka karane ke liye le gaye / tadantara ina prabhu ke Age apsarAyeM nAca uThI tathA indra ke Age deva dundubhivAdya bajA rahe the / jisase vaha vAdya-dhvani parvata se pratidhvanita hone ke kAraNa sumeru kA aTTahAsa pratIta ho rahI thii| puSparAga se pIta huI nadiyA~ dAvAnala kI garmI se chipe huye svarga-pravAha ke samAna mAlUma par3a rahI thI / Apake janma se yaha pRthvI sanAtha huI nirantara utsavoM ko karatI huI, tuma hI vAstava meM kalyANa kI nidhi, tuma hI ziva ho, tuma hI lakSmIpati ho, isa prakAra kI stutiyoM ko gAte hue sabhI devagaNoM ne aneka prakAra se pANDuka zilA tala para bhagavAna kA (janma) abhiSeka kiyA / indra ne kahA dharma ratha ko dhAraNa kara yaha pRthvIra ko naSTa kareMge, ataH " ariSTanemi" yaha nAma rakhA / deva janmAbhiSekotsava sampanna kara amarapurI ko cale gaye / SaSTha sarga: isake bAda bAlaka nemi navIna udita huye candramA ke samAna pratidina vRddhi ko prApta hone lagA / mahAn aizvaryazAlI usa bAlaka ko pAkara rAjA samudravijaya atyanta Ananda ko prApta hue| vaha bAlaka navIna-navIna prApta viziSTa kAnti se logoM ke netroM ko Anandita karane lagA / usake mukharUpI candramA para bholApana, tathA kamala ke samAna sundara pairoM meM lAlimA, vANI meM totalApana tathA adharoM para muskarAhaTa zobhAyamAna hone lagI / usa bAlaka kA aMga pratyaMga atyanta zobhAyamAna thA / kumAra ariSTanemi janma se hI mati, zruta aura avadhi ina tInoM jJAna ke dhAraka the / dhIre-dhIre ariSTanemi ne yuvAvasthA meM praveza kiyA / usakA zarIra vizeSa kAnti se, vANI alaMkRtiyoM se tathA gati manohAritA se yukta ho gii| yuvAvasthA ke A jAne para yadyapi indrIya vikAra kA utpanna honA svAbhAvika hai kintu vaha bAlaka viSayavAsanA se hona tathA gaMbhIratA se yukta banA rahA / ariSTanemi ke saundarya ko dekhane ke liye hI mAnoM basanta Rtu A gaI / malayAcala kI havAeM pathikoM ke manarUpI kAnana ke liye agni ke samAna kAma ko utpanna karane lagI / bhramara phUloM ke rasoM kA AsvAdana karane ke lie ghUmane lage / tilakavRkSa khile huye phUloM ke bahAne romAMcita hone lage / koyaloM kI AvAja se apane priyatamoM ke Agamana kI sUcanA pAkara ramaNiyA~ bali pradAna karane lagI / isa Anandamaya samaya meM sabhI bArambAra jhUle kI krIDA kA Ananda lene lagI / madhura dhvani vAlI koyaloM kI AvAja kAnoM meM par3ane para aisA koI pathika nahIM thA jisane kAmadeva se prerita hokara apanI priyatamA ko yAda na kiyA ho / basanta Rtu ke isa suhAvane samaya meM yaduvaMzI loga raivataka parvata para

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sargAnusAra kathAnaka 113 zobhA dekhane ke lie cale gaye / isake bAda sArathI ne ariSTanemi se raivataka parvata para car3hane kA nivedana kiyA / saptama sarga: __ raivataka parvata para padonmatta madhukaroM se yukta hasti-yugala krIr3A kara rahe the / campA aura sahakAra kI chaTA isa parvata bhUmi ko svarNamaya banA rahI thii| he parAkramI rAjan ! kalpataru se bhare pUre isa parvata kI usa manorama bhUmi ko dekhiye jo bANa-vRkSoM se bharI par3I hai / yaha ekAnta kintu cittAkarSaka sthAna nityaprati devatAoM ke sAtha svarga loka se Ane vAlI surAMganAoM kI saMbhogAbhilASA ko ukasA detA hai / ahA ! kitanI manohArI yaha jalarAzi hai / isake kinAre para sIdhe sIdhe dhUpa (kASTha vizeSa) ke vRkSa khar3e hue haiM / yahA~ hariNa vAyu ke samAna tIvra vega se daur3ate haiM aura lakSmI bhI kamaloM meM sthAna pAkara harSollAsa se bhara jAtI hai / puSparAzi maNDita bANoM ke vRkSa bhramaroM kI malina paMkti ko dhAraNa kiye hue haiM tathA sarovaroM ke nikaTa mayUroM kA kalApa sadaiva madhura dhvani utpanna karatA rahatA hai / kurabaka, azoka, tilaka Adi vRkSa apanI zobhA se nandana vana ko bhI tiraskRta kara rahe the / sama-viSama aura nimna-unnata bhUmi meM pravAhita karane vAlA nadiyoM kA pravAha vAyu ke kAraNa sarpa kI upamA dhAraNa karatA hai / sArathi kahatA hai ki he rakSaka ! kadalI vana kI vaha bhUmi atyanta ramaNIya hai, kyoMki usameM kamaloM kA samUha hai / sundara kuravaka vRkSoM kA kuMja hai / manohAriNI sundariyA~ haiM, baka paMkti se rahita nirmala evaM ramaNIya jalarAzi hai aura manohara zabda karane vAlA hariNa-yUtha bhI hai| he deva ! jisa prakAra Apa apane guNoM se adbhuta pratApa vAle isa vaMza ko bhUSita karate haiM, usI taraha satya vaibhava vAlA yaha parvata devoM ko bhI Azraya dene ke kAraNa pRthvI ko suzobhita karatA hai / sArathi ke vacanoM se parvatarAja kI zobhA dekhane vAle neminAtha ne saghana chAyA meM nirmita paTa-mandira meM nivAsa kiyA / aSTama sarga : isake bAda vibhinna prakAra ke vRkSoM se yukta usa parvata para krIr3A karane ke liye mAdhava (zrIkRSNa) pahu~ce / yaduvaMzI nAriyoM ne apane priyoM ke sAtha vibhinna prakAra kI vilAsa-kriyAyeM sampanna kI / vana vihAra ke anantara yAdavoM ne jala vihAra kiyA / sAna karane se striyoM ke nakhakSata spaSTa dikhAI par3a rahe the| jisase ve mUrtidhArI kAmadeva kI varNa paMkti ke samAna pratIta hote the| ramaNiyoM ke keza se gire huye bhramara se yukta ketakI puSpa tairatI huI naukAoM ke samAna pratIta hote the|

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114 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana isa prakAra yAdavoM ne apanI sundariyoM ke sAtha vibhinna prakAra se jalakrIr3A sampanna kii| navama sarga: navama sarga meM sAyaMkAla candrodaya kA varNana hai / astAnala ne sUrya ko atithi samajhakara usakA svAgata kiyaa| nirmala jala meM pratibimbita sUrya kA bimba, ratna dhAraNa kiye huye ardhapAtra ke samAna pratIta ho rahA thA / sAyaMkAla ke samaya sUrya rUpI dIpaka ke prakAza ko pavana dvArA bujhAye jAne para manuSyoM ke rUpa ko curAne vAle andhakAra rUpI cora ne saMsAramandira meM praveza kiyA / rAtri ke ghane andhakAra ko chinna karane ke lie aupadhipati candramA kA udaya huaa| kairava ne vikasita he kamala kI zobhA prApta kI / candrodaya ke hote hI samudra harSita hokara uchalane lgaa| amRtopama adhara, ramyazabda, pelava zarIra, sundara AkRti, sugandhita zvAsa evaM lajjita netra vAlI nAyikAe~, nAyakoM ke lie indriyoM ke tRptyartha sukhanidhi thI / isa prakAra rAtri ke samaya meM (candrodaya ho jAne para) yuvaka aura yuvatiyA~ nAnA prakAra ke saMyoga sukhoM kA anubhava karane lge| dazama sarga: ___ isake bAda kAmadeva ke dvArA kAma se jalate hue mana vAle nava yuvaka aura navayuvatiyA~ madhupAna meM Asakta ho gaye the / madhu kA mAdaka nazA Ananda vibhora kara rahA thA / madhu pIne se praphullita striyoM ke mukha, candra bimba sadRza pratIta ho rahe the / isa prakAra kA yaha madhu mRganayaniyoM ke gAna ko naSTa karane vAlA thA / yAdava loga madhupAna se unmatta ho nAnA prakAra kI surata krIr3AoM meM Asakta ho gaye the| ___ isa prakAra vasanta ke samaya meM prerita ve saba yaduvaMzI jala meM vibhinna prakAra kI krIr3AoM se, madhupAna se tathA surata krIDAoM se saMsAra ke sabhI sukhoM kA sevana kara rahe the| ekAdaza sarga: ugrasena mahArAja kI putrI (rAjImatI) vasanta meM (caitra meM) jalakrIr3A ke lie apanI mAtAoM ke sAtha AyI aura vahA~ usane netroM ko Anandita karane vAle neminAtha ko (ariSTanemi) ko dekhA aura dekhate hI kAma bANoM se biddha ho gaI / usake zarIradAha ko zAnta karane ke lie zItala jala, candanAdi padArthoM kA sevana karAyA gyaa| para ina padArthoM se usakA santApa aura adhika bar3ha gyaa| sakhiyA~ rAjImatI ko saba prakAra se zAnta karane kA prayAsa karane lagI, para nemi ke smaraNa mAtra se usakI A~khoM se azruvarSA ho rahI thii| idhara yAdaveza samudravijaya ne nemi ke lie vivAhArya rAjImatI kI bhAvanA vyakta karane ke lie zrIkRSNa ko bheja diyaa| zrIkRSNa kI yAcanA ko ugrasena ne saharSa svIkRti pradAna kI aura ariSTanemi ke vivAha kA zubha muhUrta nizcita kiyA gayA / samudravijaya ne apane putra ke anurUpa vadhU ko tathA ugrasena ne bhI putrI ke anurUpa nemi ko prApta kara donoM ke vivAhotsava kI taiyAriyA~ prArambha karA dii|

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115 sargAnusAra kathAnaka dvAdaza sarga : ugrasena kI purI ke prati vivAha ke prasthAna ke lie neminAtha ne vidhipUrvaka nepathya (sajane kA kAya) vidhi ko svIkAra kiyA / nemi kI vara yAtrA sajane lagI / kuzala zrRMgAra-vettAoM ne usakA zrRMgAra kiyA, zubhravastra dhAraNa kiye huye nemi kA zarIra aMjanagiri para vizrAma karane ke lie Aye huye zaratkAlIna megha ke samAna pratIta hotA thA / mahAna vaibhava aura sampatti se yukta nemi sahasranetroM kI prApti ke liye indra ke samAna pratIta hote the| svarNanirmita toraNa yukta rAjamArga se nemi zanaiH zanaiH jA rahe the / udhara rAjImatI kA bhI sundara zrRMgAra kiyA gayA thA / vara ke saundarya kA avalokana karane ke liye nAriyA~ gavAkSoM meM sthita ho gaI thii| sabhI loga rAjImatI ke bhAgya kI prazaMsA kara rahe the / ariSTanemi sambandhiyoM ke sAtha daravAje para lAye gaye / dUrvA, akSata, malayaja, kumakuma aura dadhi se pUrNa svarNa pAtra ko liye huye ugrasena kanyA rAjImatI svAgatArtha prastuta huI / trayodaza sarga : ratha se utarane ke lie prastuta ariSTanemi ne vivAha yajJa meM baMdhe huye pazuoM ke karuNa krandana ko sunA / duHkhI dhvani ko sunakara usa vIra kA hRdaya pIr3ita huA / nemi ne sArathi se pUchA ki yaha eka sAtha baMdhe huye pazuoM kI dhvani kyoM sunAI par3a rahI hai? sArathi ne uttara diyA ki Apake isa vivAha meM sammilita hone vAle atithiyoM ko ina pazuoM kA mA~sa khilAyA jaayegaa| sArathi ke isa uttara ko sunakara nemi ko apAra vedanA huI aura unheM apane pUrva janma kA smaraNa ho aayaa| ve ratha se utara par3e aura samasta vaivAhika cihnoM ko zarIra se utAra diyaa| ugrasena Adi ko jaba yaha samAcAra milA to sabhI ariSTa nemi ko samajhAne lage / nemi ne uttara diyA - maiM vivAha nahIM karU~gA, paramArtha siddhi ke liye tathA jagat se hiMsA ko dUra karane ke liye tapa kruuNgaa| isa sandarbha meM unhoMne apane zikArI jIvana se lekara jayanta vimAna meM utpanna hone taka kI pUrva bhavAvali bhI sunAyI / nemi samasta parijana aura purIjanoM ko samajhAkara AsuoM se yukta nayanavAle mAtA-pitA se AjJA lekara evaM putrI ke duHkha se udvigna zvasura ko bhI bArambAra sambodhita karake mukti-lakSmI ke dhAraNa karane ke lie raivataka parvata ke vana meM cale gaye / caturdaza sarga : isake bAda una nemiprabhu ne indra ke anuyAyI dikpatiyoM ko lauTAkara raivataka parvata ke Upara mukti-mArga ke maNi-sopAna kI taraha ArohaNa kiyA / ramaNIyatA ke kAraNa vaha parvata kevala devatAoM ke sevana ko prApta nahIM huA, apitu nemi prabhu ke caraNoM se pavitra hokara yaha tIrtha ke rUpa meM sevyatA ko prApta huA / nemi prabhu ke ArohaNa karate hI anukUla havA calane lagI / unhoMne svayaM hI vahA~ saMyama ko dhAraNa kara liyA, kyoMki jJAnI logoM kI AtmA hI

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116 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana guru hotI hai / unhoMne ghora tapazcaraNa prArambha kara diyA / tapasyA ke sAtha hI usa buddhimAn kI paramajyoti (jJAna) bhI bar3hane lagI / kAmadeva Adi zatru zarIra ke sAtha kRzatA ko prApta ho gaye / unake prabhAva se parvata para hiMsaka pazuoM ne bhI hiMsA ko tyAga diyA / unheM na to sUrya kA santApa aura na candramA kI zItalatA kA anubhava huA, kyoMki ve dina rAta indriyoM kI vRtti ko roka kara sthita rahe / dhIre-dhIre varSA Rtu ne praveza kiyA / AkAza meM sUrya ke santApa ko dUra karane ke liye hI mAno meghoM kA samUha vyApta ho gayA kintu ve khule vAtAvaraNa meM jyoM ke tyoM tapasyA karate rahe / hAthI, zera Adi se vyApta jaMgala meM usa muni kI rakSA ke liye udyata hokara marutpati ne dhanuSa ko dhAraNa kara liyA / navIna-navIna meghoM ke samUha ne varSA ke dvArA mAno isalie chatroM ko dhAraNa kara liyA jisase muni kheda ko prApta na hoM / yaha bar3e Azcarya kI bAta hai ki dina rAta varSA hone para bhI usa muni kA pavitra mAnasa rUpI bhUSaNa vAlA haMsa thor3A bhI kSubhita nahIM huaa| cAroM tarapha nadiyoM ke kaluSita ho jAne para bhI vana meM koI antara nahIM AyA / kalaza ke samAna vistIrNa meghoM ke dvArA indra ne taruNa yuvaka ke samAna usa mahAmuni kA abhiSeka kara diyA / isI prakAra grISma aura zarad Rtu ke khule vAtAvaraNa meM bhI ve nirantara kAyotsarga pUrvaka tapasyA karate rahe / isake bAda unhoMne zukla dhyAna dvArA karma-kalaMka naSTakara kevala jJAna ko prApta kiyA / paMcadaza sarga: isake bAda anurakta mukti rUpI badhU ke dvArA mukta kaTAkSoM ke samAna puSpa vRSTi hone lagI / unake Azcaryajanaka prabhAva se 200 yojana taka prANiyoM ko akAla ne bAdhA nahIM pahu~cAI / azoka vRkSa meM sundara-sundara pallava A gaye / unakA bhAmaNDala susajjita hone lgaa| bhAmaNDala ke bhaya se hI mAnoM chAyA ne usake andara hI praveza kara liyA jisase sabhI ke citta zAnta ho gye| sabhI dizAoM meM unake netra nirnimeSa zobhAyamAna hone lge| unake nAkhUna aura bAloM meM vRddhi nahIM huI / choTe-choTe prANiyoM ke prANoM ke nAza ke Dara se hI mAnoM ve pRthvI tala ko choDakara Upara vicaraNa karane lge| bhata bhaviSyata aura vartamAna kI sabhI vastaoM ke jJAna ke kAraNa unake samIpa tIna chatra suzobhita hone lage / AkAza meM dundubhi bajane lgii| apane samaya ke binA bhI vRkSoM meM phala phUla A gaye / indra kI AjJA ko pAkara kubera ne unake liye ratnamayI sabhA kA nirmANa karA diyA / usa sabhA meM nemi prabhu ratna siMhAsana para ArUr3ha hue / isake bAda devoM ne Akara vibhinna prakAra se tIrthaGkara nemiprabhu kI stuti kI / isake bAda unhoMne jIva, ajIva, Azrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sAta tatvoM kA upadeza diyaa| "jIva" cetanA lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai aura yaha zarIra pramANa hai / ekendriya, dvIndriya, trIndriya, caturindriya aura paMcendriya bheda se yaha pA~ca prakAra kA hai| pRthvI-kAyika Adi ekendriya, saMkhAdi dvIndriya, cIMTI Adi vIndriya, bhramara Adi cAra indriya aura manuSyAdi paMcendriya haiM /

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sargAnusAra kathAnaka 117 gati kI apekSA jIva cAra prakAra ke hote haiM - nAraka. tithaMca, manuSya aura devA dharma, adharma, AkAza, kAla tathA pudgala ye ajIva haiM / dharma, gati kA kAraNa aura adharma sthiti kA kAraNa kAla aura AkAza anazvara haiM aura ye jagat meM vyApta haiM / kAya, vacana aura mana kA yoga "Azrava" kahalAtA hai / yahI sampUrNa saMsAra rUpI nATaka kA sUtradhAra hai / apane zubhAzubha karmoM kA bandha jAnA "bandha" kahA gayA hai / utpanna hue anAbaddhA karmoM kI saMvRtti (rUkanA) "saMvara" kahalAtA hai / phalabhoga se karmoM kA kSaya honA "nirjarA" kahI gaI hai| nirjarA se AtmA nirmalatA ko prApta hotI hai / aneka janma - janmAntara se baddha sabhI karmoM kA vipramokSa (chuTakArA) "mokSa' kahA gayA hai / isa prakAra tIrthaGkara kevalI nemiprabhu ne sapta tattvoM kA upadeza diyA / tatpazcAt unhoMne sUrya kI taraha samasta dezoM kA ajJAnAndhakAra dUra karane ke liye vihAra kiyA / jahA~-jahA~ unhoMne vihAra kiyA, vahA~ akAla kI sthiti nahIM rahI / sabhI RtueM eka sAtha unakI sevA karane lagI / anta meM sabhI dizAoM meM dharma kA prabhAva kara sabhI karmoM ko naSTa karake unhoMne mukti-vadhU ke sAtha anazvara sukhoM kA sevana kiyA /

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adhyAya-do (ga) parivartana evaM parivarddhana vAstava meM mahAkAvya aitihAsika yA sajjanAzrita kathAnaka ko hI guMphita karatA hai, ataH mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu to prAyaH banI banAI mila jAtI hai kintu kavi apanI maulika nava-navonmeSazAlinI buddhi se mahAkAvya ke uddezya kI pUrti ke lie prasiddha kathAnaka meM kucha Avazyaka parivartana yA parivarddhana karake use eka nayA rUpa de detA hai / kavi ke isa parivartana yA parivarddhana se mUla kathAnaka ke aitihAsika yA prasiddha kathAnaka meM koI visaMgati bhI utpanna nahIM hotI hai aura kavi bhI apane lakSya meM saphala ho jAtA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM isa taraha ke parivartana aura parivarddhana kiye haiM jisase ki kathAnaka ke mUla gaThana meM kahIM-kahIM zithilatA bhI A gaI hai / isa kAvya meM mukhya ghaTanAoM ko prAyaH yatra-tatra smRti mAtra karake pUrNatayA chor3a hI diyA hai / yadyapi alaMkRta kAvya zailI kA anukaraNa karane se kavi ne jIvana-vyApI kathAvastu meM se marmasparzI kucha aMzoM ko hI vistAra dene kA prayAsa kiyA hai to bhI kathAvastu ko kavi suDaula nahIM banA sakA, hA~ varNana camatkAroM kI yojanA meM kathAnaka gaThana meM pUrNa sahAyatA pradAna kI hai / neminirvANa kA kathAnaka kavi ne jinasena prathama ke harivaMza purANa tathA guNabhadra ke uttara purANa se grahaNa kiyA hai / kavi ne ina donoM ke atirikta tiloyapaNNatti jaise ArSa granthoM kA adhyayana bhI kiyA hai / vAstavika rUpa se dekhane para jJAta hotA hai ki neminirvANa meM varNita jIvanavRtta pUrNarUpa se harivaMzapurANa ke samAna hai / neminAtha kI janmatithi kA mela kevala uttara purANa se hI ThIka mila pAtA hai, harivaMzapurANa se nahIM / kavi ne yaha bAta yathAvat svIkArI hai / kintu kAvya praNayana ke uddezya kI pUrti ke liye kucha Avazyaka parivartana aura parivarddhana bhI kiye haiN| aba yahA~ unhIM mUla kathAnaka ke AdhAra para neminirvANa meM kiye gaye pramukha parivartana aura parirdhanoM kA saMkSipta vivecana prastuta hai - 1. harivaMzapurANa meM neminAtha bhagavAn kI janmatithi vaizAkha zuklA trayodazI nirdiSTa kI gaI hai, jabaki neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM yaha tithi zrAvaNa zuklA SaSThI ullikhita hai| 2. yadyapi neminirvANakAra mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne apanI kathAvastu kA grahaNa jinasenakRta harivaMzapurANa 1. tataH kRtasusaMgame nizi nizAkare citrayA, prazastasamavasthite grahagaNe samaste zubhe asUta tanayaM zivA zivadazuddhavaizAkhajAyodazatithau jagajjayanakAriNaM hAriNam |hrivNshpuraann, 38/9 2. zuklapakSabhavaSaSThavAsare sAtha mAsi nabhasi prasapati / nandanaM sakalalokanandanaM satriyeva suSuve samIhitam / / neminirvANa, 4/13

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parivartana evaM parivarddhana 119 se kiyA hai, guNabhadrakRta uttarapurANa se nahIM / tathApi neminirvANa meM kucha ghaTanAoM para uttarapurANa kA bhI prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / neminirvANa meM ullikhita neminAtha bhagavAn ke janma kI tithi zrAvaNazuklA SaSThI uttarapurANa ke AdhAra para varNita kI gaI hai| 3. harivaMzapurANa meM neminAtha ke pUrvabhavoM kA vistRta varNana AyA hai, kintu vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa meM pUrvabhavAvali kA varNana prAsaMgika kathAoM ke niyojana ke rUpa meM kevala trayodazasarga meM atyanta saMkSipta rUpa meM prastuta kiyA hai / phalataH kathAvastu ke pallavana ke lie apekSita prAsaMgika kathAyeM isa kAvya meM nahIM A pAI haiN| 4. harivaMza meM rAjImatI ke darzana evaM pazuoM ke karuNa krandana kI do marmasparzI ghaTanAyeM AI haiM / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne mahAkAvya ke anukUla ina donoM ghaTanAoM ko paryApta sarasa aura mArmika banAkara vistAra-pUrvaka prastuta kiyA hai / / 5. harivaMzapurANa meM vasanta, raivataka, jalakrIDA, sUryodaya, candrodaya, suratakrIDA, madirApAna prabhRti kA varNana yA to huA hI nahIM hai athavA saMkSepa meM varNita huA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa meM prasaMgAnukUla inakA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / isa prakAra donoM kathAvastuoM ke antara ko dekhane se patA calatA hai ki mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne mUla kathAvastu jinasena harivaMzapurANa se lI hai tathA apanI kathAvastu meM koI vizeSa parivartana-parivarddhana nahIM kiyA hai / kevala nAmamAtra kA parivartana-parivarddhana huA hai, koI maulika nahIM / kathAvastu ke gaThana meM nyUnatA hai / neminAtha ke janma, tapa, jJAna evaM nirvANa kA varNana sIdhe evaM sarala rUpa meM karane se gAmbhIrya kI kamI khaTakatI hai / kathAnaka ke gaThana kI dRSTi se kucha kamI hone para bhI kathAvastu ke mArmika ghaTanAkrama ko vistAra dene kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai / phalataH zaithilya hone para bhI mahAkAvya kI kathAvastu meM chinnatA nahIM mAnI jA sakatI 1.sa punaH zrAvaNe zuklapakSe SaSThI dine / uttarapurANa; 71/49

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adhyAya-tIna (ka) neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa rasa "rasyate iti rasaH" jo AsvAdita hotA hai vaha rasa hai / rasa zabda kA prayoga loka meM vibhinna rUpoM meM milatA hai, jaise padArthoM meM amla, tikta, kaSAya Adi SaDrasa tathA Ayurveda rasa, sAhitya meM bhakti rasa Adi / vedakAla meM bhI somarasa tathA madhu ke lie bhI rasa kA prayoga kiyA hai / rAmAyaNa meM rasa kA prayoga jIva rasa ke liye huA hai| sAhitya meM zabda aura artha kAvya kA zarIra hotA hai aura rasa "AtmA" kahalAtI hai| ataH kAvya rUpI zarIra meM rasa rUpI AtmA eka anivArya tattva hai / rasa kI paribhASA : rasa kI spaSTa paribhASA karate huye mammaTa ne likhA hai : vibhAvAnubhAvastat kathyante vyabhicAriNaH / / vyaktaH sa tairvibhAvAdyaiH sthAyibhAvo rasaH smRtaH / / arthAt vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicAribhAvoM se abhivyakta sthAyI bhAva hI rasa kahalAtA hai| isI prakAra vizvanAtha ne bhI kahA hai : vibhAvAnubhAvena vyaktaH saMcAriNA tathA / rasatAmeti ratyAdi sthAyibhAvaH sacetasAm / / arthAt Alambana vibhAva se ubuddha vyabhicAriyoM se paripuSTa tathA anubhAvoM se vyakta sahRdaya kA sthAyI bhAva hI rasa dazA ko prApta hotA hai / yahA~ prazna uThatA hai ki vaha rasa jisameM abhivyakta hai / usa rasa kA bhoktA kauna hai? AcArya bharata ne - "vibhAvAnubhAvavyAbhicArisaMyogAdrasaniSpattiH" kahA hai / niSpatti se kyA abhiprAya hai aura kisameM hotI hai? isakA vivecana nahIM kiyA hai / paravartI AcAryoM ne apane apane anusAra isa sUtra kI vyAkhyA kI hai| isameM cAra AcAryoM kI vyAkhyAyeM ullekhanIya haiM : (1) bhaTTalollaTa : inhoMne niSpatti kA artha utpatti svIkAra kiyA hai / ataH inakA mata "utpattivAda" nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / yaha rasa mukhya rUpa se rAmAdi anukArya meM tathA gauNa rUpa se naTa meM pratIta hotA hai / inake mata meM sthAyI bhAva ke sAtha vibhAvAdi kA 1. kAvya prakAza, 4/28 2. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/2

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : rasa 121 utpAdya-utpAdaka, anubhAvoM kA gamya-gamaka bhAva tathA vyabhicArI bhAvoM kA poSya-poSaka bhAva sambandha hai| (2) zaMkuka : zaMkuka ke mata meM rasa anumeya hai, vibhAva, anubhAva Adi anumApaka aura inameM anumApya-anumApaka sambandha hai / ratyAdi sthAyI bhAva rAmAdi meM vidyamAna rahatA hai, vibhAvAdi se anumita hokara vaha rasa kahalAtA hai / ataH vaha mukhya rUpa se rAma Adi anukArya meM hotA hai, sahRdaya usakA anumAna naTa meM kara letA hai| zaMkuka kA yaha mata bhaTTalollaTa para AdhArita hai / antara mAtra itanA hai ki vahA~ sahRdaya naTa para rAmAdi kA Aropa karatA hai aura yahA~ anumAna / ___ isa prakAra donoM ke matoM meM nyUnatA yaha hai ki ye rasa kI sthiti anukArya meM mAnate haiM to sAmAjikoM ko isameM kyA lAbha? anumiti parokSa vastu kI hotI hai, kintu rasa to pratyakSa hai| (3) bhaTTanAyaka : bhaTTanAyaka kA mata bhuktivAda ke nAma se vikhyAta hai| unake mata meM rasa kI utpatti na anukArya rAma meM hotI hai na anukartA naTa meM, kyoMki ye donoM taTastha (udAsIna) haiM / vAstavika rasa kI utpatti sAmAjika meM hotI hai / bhaTTanAyaka ne apane mata kI sthApanA ke liye abhidhA ke atirikta bhAvakatva aura bhojakatva nAmaka do navIna vyApAroM kI kalpanA kI hai| abhidhA meM arthamAtra kA bodha hotA hai / bhAvakatva vyApAra abhidhAjanya artha ko pariSkRta kara sAmAjika ke upabhoga ke yogya banA detA hai / yahI vyApAra vyakti vizeSa kA sambandha haTAkara usakA sAdhAraNIkaraNa kara detA hai / tadantara bhojakatva vyApAra sAdhAraNIkRta vibhAva Adi kA rasa ke rUpa meM bhoga karavAtA hai, kintu ina bhAvakatva aura bhojakatva vyApAroM kI kalpanA anubhavasiddha nahIM hai| (4) abhinavagupta : inakA mata abhivyaktivAda ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai / inake mata meM sAmAjika gata sthAyI bhAva hI rasAnubhUti kA nimitta hotA hai / yahA~ niSpatti kA artha abhivyakti hai / isameM rasa abhivyakti kA krama isa prakAra hai - sarvaprathama kAvya ke padoM se una-una arthoM kI pratIti hotI hai tadanantara upasthita vibhAvAdi ke dvArA vAkyArtha kA bodha hotA hai / tatpazcAt abhinayAdi se ratyAdi vAsanA se yukta sahRdaya sAmAjika kA una-una vibhAvAdiyoM ke sAtha sAdhAraNIkaraNa hotA hai aura isa sAdhAraNIkaraNa vyApAra ke dvArA vibhAvAdikoM se yukta ratyAdi se avachinna ajJAnAvaraNa ke haTa jAne ke kAraNa akhaNDa cidAnanda svarUpa rasa kI pratIti sAmAjika ko hotI hai / isa prakAra abhinava gupta ne rasa kI avasthiti sAmAjikoM meM mAnI hai, jo nizcaya hI upAdeya hai| rasa alaukika vastu hai, sattvaguNa kA udreka hone para yaha akhaNDa rUpa meM svayaM prakAza, Anandamaya aura caitanya rUpa meM bhAsita hotA hai / isa samaya anya kisI kA jJAna nahIM hotA

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122 tathA isakA svAda brahmAsvAda kA sahodara hai / isa prakAra yaha sunizcita kahA jA sakatA hai sahRdayavyaktiyoM ke hRdaya meM utpanna hone vAlA tattva hai zAnta rasa : mAnyatA aura sthAna : / " zabda aura artha kAvya kI kAyA hai aura rasa kAvya kI AtmA / loka meM rati Adi sthAyIbhAvoM ke jo kAraNa kArya aura sahakArI - kAraNa hote haiM, ve yadi nATya yA kAvya meM prayukta hote haiM to kramazaH vibhAva, anubhAva aura vyabhicAribhAva kahe jAte haiM aura vibhAva Adi se abhivyakta sthAyIbhAva hI rasa kahalAtA hai / rasAbhivyakti kI isa prakriyA ko ajitasena ne bar3e hI sundara udAharaNa dvArA prastuta kiyA hai : "navanItaM yathAjyatvaM prApnoti paripAkataH / sthAyibhAvo vibhAvAdyaiH prApnoti rasatAM tathA / 3 arthAt - jisa prakAra paripAka ho jAne se navanIta hI ghRta rUpa meM pariNata ho jAtA hai, usI prakAra sthAyibhAvavibhAvAdi ke dvArA rasa svarUpatA ko prApta ho jAtA hai I zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam H eka adhyayana : vastutaH kAvya ke paDhane yA sunane se jo Ananda kI prApti hotI hai, vaha rasa ke dvArA hI hotI hai| ina rasoM kI saMkhyA sAmAnyataH nau mAnI hai / 1. zrRMgAra, 2. hAsya, 3. karuNa, 4. raudra, 5. vIra, 6. bhayAnaka, 7. vIbhatsa, 8. adbhuta, aura 9. zAnta / " rasa eka alaukika vastu hai / jo 1 1 zrRMgAra Adi ATha rasoM kI mAnyatA nirvivAda hai / kintu zAnta rasa ke sambandha meM AlaMkArikoM meM matabheda dikhAI par3atA hai / alaMkArazAstrI bharatamuni ko hI rasa- sampradAya kA Adi pravartaka svIkAra karate haiM / kintu yaha mAnyatA sarvasammata aura nirvivAda nahIM mAnI jA sakatI, kyoMki AcArya rAjazekhara ne bharatamuni kA rUpakapraNetA ke rUpa meM aura nandikezvara nAmaka kisI viziSTa AcArya kA rasa-sampradAya ke praNetA ke rUpa meM ullekha kiyA hai| 1 1. sAhitya darpaNa, 3/2-3 2. kAraNAnyathakAryANi sahakArINi yAni ca / zAnta rasa kA pratipAdana bharatamuni ne kiyA hai yA nahIM, yaha vivAdAspada hai| kyoMki nATyazAstra ke gAyakavAr3a oraeNTala sIrIja bar3audA vAle saMskaraNa ko chor3akara prAyaH anyatra rasa-vivecana vAlA aMza nahIM milatA aura nATyazAstra ke prasiddha vyAkhyAkAra abhinavagupta ne ratyAdeH sthAyino loke tAni cennATyakAvyayoH / / vibhAvAnubhAvAstat kathyante vyabhicAriNaH / vyaktaH sa tairvibhAvAdyaiH sthAyI bhAvo rasaH smRtaH / / kAvyaprakAza, 4/27-28 3. alaMkAracintAmaNi, 5 / 84 4. rUpakanirUpaNIyaM bharataH rasAdhikArikaM nandikezvaraH / kAvyamImAMsA, a0 1

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123 neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : rasa bhI ukta aMza ko prakSipta mAnate hue hI usa para TIkA likhI hai / AcArya udbhaTa (8 vIM zatAbadI I0) ne zAnta rasa ko spaSTa rUpa se rasa svIkAra karate hue nATya meM nau rasoM kI mAnyatA ko pratipAdita kiyA hai / isa AdhAra para yahI mAnA jAtA hai ki sarvaprathama udbhaTa ne hI zAnta rasa kI mAnyatA ko sthira kiyA hai, parantu alaMkAra zAstra ke vizeSa anveSaNa se patA calatA hai ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM jainAcArya AryarakSita ne apane prAkRta graMtha "anuyogadvArasUtra" meM prasaMgataH eka se dasa saMkhyA taka ke nAmoM kA nirdeza karate hue nava saMkhyaka rasoM kA ullekha kiyA hai tathA prazAnta (zAnta) rasa kA bhI vivecana kiyA hai / ataH udbhaTa ke pUrva bhI prazAnta (zAnta) rasa kI mAnyatA thI, isa viSaya meM zaMkA kA koI sthAna nahIM hai| kavivara banArasIdAsa (17 vIM zatI) ne navarasoM ko bhavarUpa aura bhAvarUpa arthAt laukika aura pAramArthika do taraha kA mAnate hue donoM hI taraha ke sthAyIbhAvoM kA bhI varNana kiyA hai / unhoMne zAnta kA bhavarUpa (laukika) sthAyIbhAva ("mAyA meM aruci" aura bhAva rUpa (pAramArthika) sthAyIbhAva "dhruva vairAgya" mAnA hai / 1) kavivara banArasIdAsa kI yaha mAnyatA sAhitya-jagat ke lie naI dena hone se atIva mahattvapUrNa hai| AcArya mammaTa ne zAnta rasa kA udAharaNa isa prakAra prastuta kiyA hai :1. abhinavabhAratI, SaSTha adhyAya 2. zrRMgArahAsyakarupadravIrabhayAnakAH / vIbhatsA tazAntAzca nava nATye rasAH smRtAH / / - kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgraha (bambaI 1915), pR0 11 3. anuyodvArasUtra prathama bhAga, pR0 828 (jJAtavya hai ki AryarakSita ne bhayAnaka rasa ke sthAna para vIDanaka nAmaka rasa mAnA so pasaMtattiNAvata somadidI tIyabhAga, pR0 8 4. nidosamapasamAhapasaMbhavoM je pasaMbhAveNaM / avikAralakkhaNo so raso pasaMtotti NAyavyo / / pasaMto raso jahA sambhAvaNivigAraM uvasaMtapasaMta somadidaThIaM / hI jaha muNiNo sosai muhakamalaM pIvarasirIyaM / / " - vahI, dvitIyabhAga, pR08 5. "sobhAmai siMgAra basai vIra puruSArathamaiM, komala hiemaiM karunA bkhaaniye| AnaMdamai hAsya rUMDamuMDamaiM virAjai rUdra, vIbhaccha tahA~ jahA~ gilAni mana Aniye / ciMtAmaiM bhayAnaka athavAhatAmaiM adbhuta, mAyA kI arUci tAmaiM sAnta rasa maaniye| eI nava bhava rUpa eI bhAva rUpa inako vilechina sudraSTi jAgaiM jAniye / / guNa vicAra siMgAra vIra udyama udAra rukha / karuNa samarasa rIti, hAsya hiradai uchAha sukha / / aSTakarama dalamalana rudra baratai tihi dhAnaka / tana vilecha bIbhaccha dudamukha dasA bhayAnaka / / adbhuta ananta bala citavana sAMta sahaja vairAga dhruva / navarasa vilAsa paragAsa tava jaba subodha ghaTa prakaTa huva / / - samayasAra nATaka sarvavazuddhidvAra 135,136, pR0 307-308

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124 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana ahau vA hAre vA kusumazayane vA dRSadi vA maNau vA loSThe vA balavati ripau vA suhRdi vA / tRNa vA straiNe vA mama samadRzo yAnti divasAH / kvacit puNyAraNye ziva ziva ziveti pralapataH / / sAMpa athavA muktAhAra meM, phUloM kI seja athavA patthara kI zilA meM, maNi athavA Dhele meM, balavAn zatru athavA mitra meM, tinake meM athavA striyoM ke samUha meM samAna dRSTi rakhane vAle mere dina "ziva ziva ziva" aisA pralApa karate hue bItate haiM / zrRMgArAdi nava rasoM meM kauna pradhAna hai, isa sambandha meM AcAryoM meM matabheda hai| bhojarAja zrRMgAraprakAza meM zrRMgAra ko, bhavabhUti ne uttararAmacarita meM karuNa ko tathA kucha logoM ne camatkRti ke Adhikya ke kAraNa adbhuta rasa ko prakRti rasa evaM anya rasoM ko vikRti mAnA hai / AcArya abhinavagupta zAnta rasa ko prakRti rasa mAnate haiM / ( tatra sarvarasAnAM zAntaprAya evAsvAdaH - abhinavabhAratI) / nATyazAstra ke kucha saMskaraNoM meM upalabdha nimnAMkita paMktiyA~ zAnta ke rasarAjatva kI ora spaSTa saMketa karatI hai : "bhAvA vikArA ratyAdyAH zAntastuprakRtirmataH / vikAraH prakRterjAtaH punastatraiva lIyate / / svaM svaM nimittamAsAdya zAntAd bhAvaH pravartate / punarnimittApAye ca zAnta evopalIyate / / 2 dharma, artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM meM caturtha puruSArtha hI mAnava jIvana kA sAdhya hai| dharma, artha aura kAma ina tIna puruSArthoM kI parAkASThA viSayabhogoM ke prati virakti utpanna karatI hai / taba manuSya viSayabhogoM ko vinAzIka aura anAtmanIna samajhane lagatA hai / ataH zAnta rasa hI mukhya rasa hai aura usakA rasarAjatva siddha hai / ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki zAnta rasa kI mAnyatA nirvivAda hai IsA kI prathama zatAbdI meM zAntarasa kI pratiSThA thI / zAntarasa kA sthAyIbhAva nitya vairAgya yA zama hai| nava rasoM meM isakA sarvAdhika mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / neminirvANa meM aMgI rasa zAnta hai aura aMga rUpa meM anya rasoM kA bhI samAveza huA hai| zAnta rasa ( aMgIrasa) : dharma, artha, kAma mokSa, ye cAroM puruSArtha hI mAnava ke sAdhya haiN| dharma, artha aura kAma ina tInoM puruSArthoM kI parAkASThA viSaya bhogoM ke prati virakti utpanna karatI hai aura manuSya inheM vinAzIka samajhane lagatA hai tathA mokSagAmI hone kI icchA karane lagatA hai / 1. kAvya prakAza, caturtha ullAsa, udAharaNa, 44 2. nATyazAstra ( gA0 o0 sI0, bar3audA saMskaraNa), 6.335-336

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : rasa 125 jaina kAvyoM kI yahI vizeSatA rahI hai ki unameM aMgIrasa prAyaH zAnta hI rahA hai, kyoMki caturtha puruSArtha arthAt mokSa hI unakA sAdhya hai / bhavya puruSa kisI nimitta ko pAkara hI vairAgya ko prApta ho jAtA hai aura tapazcaraNa Adi se (mokSa) utkarSa ko prApta karate haiM / nemi nirvANa' mahAkAvya meM zAnta rasa kA aneka sthAnoM meM prayoga huA hai / kavi ne tIrthaGkara neminAtha kI virakti ki sandarbha meM isa rasa kI yojanA kI hai / neminAtha ke vivAha ke samaya, pazuoM ke cItkAra ne unake hRdaya ko dravita kara diyA, ve vivAha ke vastrAbhUSaNa ko chor3a tapazcaraNa ke liye vana ko cale jAte haiM / isa sandarbha ko kavi ne bahuta hI mArmika banAyA hai / neminAtha socate haiM ki : parigrahaM nAhamimaM kariSye satyaM yatiSye paramArthasiddhayai / vibhoga-lIlA mRgatRSNikAsu pravartate kaH khalu sadvivekaH / / vibhogasAraGgahRto hi jantu parAM bhuvaM kAmapi gAhamAnaH / hiMsAnRtasteyamahAvanAntarbamzrAmyate recitasAdhumArgaH / / maiM vivAha nahIM karUgA~ paramArtha siddhi ke liye prayatna karUgA~ / kauna sadvivekI bhoga rUpI mRgatRSNA meM praveza karegA / bhogarUpI sAraMga pakSI se hRtaprANI hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla, parigraha ko karatA huA apane sAdhu karma ko chor3a detA hai| AtmA prakRtyA paramottamo'yaM hiMsAM bhajankopaniSAdakAntAm / dhikkArabhAgno labhate kadAcidasaMzayaM divyapurapravezam / / dAnaM tapo vA vRSavRkSamUlaM zraddhAnato yena vivardhya dUrama / khananti mUDhAH svayameva hiMsAkuzIlatAsvIkaraNena sadyaH / / yaha AtmA prakRti se uttama hai, para krodhotpAdaka hiMsA kA sevana karatA huA dhikkAra kA bhAgI banatA hai aura svarga (nirvANa) Adi ko prApta nahIM karatA / jo dAna aura taparUpI dharma-vRkSa para zraddhA na karate huye dUra taka nahIM bar3hate haiM, veM mUrkha haiM aura hiMsA, kuzIlAdi kA sevana kara dharma-vRkSa kI jar3a ko khoda DAlate haiM / jo vyakti dravya yA bhAva hiMsA karatA hai use durgati meM jAnA par3atA hai / ataeva vivekI ko jAgarUka banakara dharma kA sevana karanA cAhie / uparyukta udAharaNoM meM bhagavAn neminAtha Alambana vibhAva haiM / yahA~ para pazuoM kA karuNa krandana uddIpana vibhAva hai / ekAgra mana se paramArtha-siddhi karanA anubhAva tathA vivAha na karanA saMcArI bhAva hai / ina vibhAva, anubhAva evaM vyabhicArI bhAvoM se zama sthAyIbhAva kI abhivyakti hotI hai / ataH yahA~ para zAnta rasa hai| 1. neminirvANa, 13/8,9 2. vahI, 13/10,11

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126 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana aMga rasa : "neminirvANa" kAvya meM aMgIrasa zAnta rasa ke atirikta zrRMgAra, vIra, raudra, karuNa, adbhuta Adi rasoM kA bhI aMga rUpa meM prayoga huA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne jahA~ eka ora zAnta evaM komala zrRMgAra Adi rasoM kI samAyojanA kI hai vahIM vIra, raudra Adi rasoM kA bhI saphala citraNa kiyA hai| zrRMgAra rasa : zrRMgAra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva rati hai, nAyaka yA nAyikA Alambana vibhAva, ekAnta, candramA, bhramara, upavana Adi uddIpana vibhAva, kaTAkSa, smita, Adi anubhAva aura harSAdi saMcArI bhAva haiN| isake saMbhoga aura vipralambha do bheda haiM / neminirvANa meM zrRMgAra rasa ke donoM hI pakSoM (saMbhoga, vipralambha) kA bar3A hI sajIva citraNa kiyA hai / saMyoga (saMbhoga) zrRMgAra : kavi ne premiyoM ke mana meM saMskAra rUpa se vartamAna rati yA prema ko AsvAdana yogya banAkara zrRMgAra rasa kA niyojana kiyA hai / "rAtri meM sukha vihAra ke samaya yAdavoM dvArA sampanna kI gaI vilAsa krIr3AoM ke avasara para saMbhoga zrRMgAra kI sundara yojanA kI hai / prakRti ke ramya vAtAvaraNa meM yaduvaMzI nAyikAyeM, nAyakoM ke liye sukha nidhi ke samAna thI / premI-premikAoM kI vividha krIDAyeM saMyoga zrRMgAra ke antargata hI samAhita haiM yathA : amRtopamAdharadalAH kalasvarAH sukumAravigrahabhRtaH sudarzanAH / atha dhUpanAtsurabhayo natadhruvaH sakalendriyArthanidhayo'bhavannRNAm / / tuhinAMzunA madanabAlabandhunA hRtamatsarAndhatamasAHsumadhyamAH / vyasRjannijezamanasAM prasAdanapratipattipAtramatha dUtikAjanam / / amRtopama, adhara, ramya zabda, komala zarIra, sundara AkAra, sugandhita zvAsa, evaM lajjita netra vAlI nAyikAyeM nAyakoM ke liye indriyoM ke sukhArtha nidhi ke samAna thI / kAma ke bandhu candramA ne matsara rUpI andhakAra ko naSTa karane vAlI sundara kaTi vAlI nAyikAoM ko manAne ke liye tatkArya meM dakSa dUtikAoM ko niyukta kiyA hai aura bhI : nalinIdalAni na na hArayaSTayastuhinAMzavo na na jalArdramaMzukam / tvadRte tadaGgaparitApazAntaye vipado'thavA svajanasaMgabheSajAH / / anurAgamAyatadRzaH kRzetaraM tvayi na priyaMvadatayA vadAmi tam / likhitatvadAkRtiranekazastayA rativAsabhittirapi te'bhidhAsyati / / 2 "he priyatame! tumheM chor3akara kamala dala, hArayaSTi, candrakiraNa jalArdra vastra athavA uttama 1. neminirvASa, 9/46,47 2. vahI, 9/49, 50

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : rasa 127 auSadhiyoM kA lepana zarIra tApa zAnti ke liye kSama nahIM hai / zarIra tApa ko zAnta karane ke liye tumhArA aMga sparza hI eka mAtra upAdeya hai / he dIrghanayane! tumhAre prati jo prema hai use maiM cATukAritA se tumase nahIM kaha rahA hU~ kintu rati bhavana kI bhitti para tumhArI jo AkRti aMkita hai vaha kaha degI ki mere kathana meM kitanA tathyAMza hai / Age nAyikA kA kRtrima kopa dekhiye kitanA sajIva hai "avalokya kApi patimAgataM puraH sahasaiva durvahanitambamaNDalA / vinayAnvitApi na zazAka satvaraM parihartumAsanamadhIralocanA / / / dRDhamAsajerurasi vakramarpayemaNitaM ca pUrvaguNitaM prakAzayaH priyasagaMmeSviti sakhIbhirIritA kRtakaM prakopamakaronnavA vadhUH / / durvaha nitamba vAlI nAyikA, vinayAnvita hone para bhI nAyaka ko pAsa meM AyA huA jAnakara bhI apanA Asana na chor3a sakI / zayana kakSa meM pati ke Ane para usake mukha se anAyAsa hI dUsarI nAyikA kA nAma suna lene se zarIra dAha ke sAtha kamaliniyoM se nirmita zayyA ko nAyikA ne chor3a diyA / "priya saMga na hone se usake hRdaya para dRDhatApUrvaka apane mukha kamala ko rakha denA, pahale socI huI bAtoM ko kaha DAlanA isa prakAra sakhiyoM dvArA kahe jAne para nava vadhuoM ne kRtrima krodha prakaTa kiyA / isa prakAra kavi ne saMyoga zrRMgAra kA bar3A hI sAMgopAMga citraNa kiyA hai| vipralaMbha (viyoga) zrRMgAra :____ viyoga zrRMgAra kA citraNa bar3A hI rocaka bana par3A hai / ugrasena kI putrI rAjImatI nemi ko raivataka parvata para (caitramAsa meM) krIr3A karate huye dekhatI hai aura usake lAvaNyapUrNa zarIra ko dekhate hI apane tana-badana kI sudha bhUla jAtI hai aura kAmadeva ke AdhIna ho jAtI hai, jisake kAraNa zarIra meM dAha utpanna ho jAtA hai / kavi ne rAjImatI ke viraha kA bar3A hI manorama citraNa kiyA hai / yathA : zItaiH zItaizcandanAdyairUpAyairdigdhoddAhaM gAhamAnA sugAtrI / sA nizvAsotkampimuktAkalApA nidrAmudrAM nopalebhe nizAyAm / / zUnyasvAntA sA vayasyAsu kAntAH kurvANAsu premapUrvAHpravRttIH / mUrdhnaH kampenottaraM tAranetrA cakre yadvA cAruNA huMkRtema / / naktaM-naktaM candrasaMdarzanena prANepUrdhvaprasthiteSu prakAmam / vegAdAgAdakSiNI mIlayantI mUrchA tasyAH pakSmalAkSyAH sakhIva / / zItala-zItala candana Adi upAyoM ke dvArA aura adhika saMtApa ko prApta hotI huI 1. neminirvANa, 9/52 2. neminirvANa, 9/54 1. neminirvANa, 11/3-5

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128 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana lambI-lambI sAMsoM se kampita hote huye muktAhAra vAlI usa sundarI ne rAtri meM nidrA ko prApta nahIM kiyA / sakhiyoM ke kamanIya evaM premapUrvaka vyavahAra karane para zUnya hRdaya vAlI evaM caMcala netroM vAlI usane sira ke kampanna (hilAne) se athavA sundara hu~kAra se uttara pradAna kiyA / pratyeka rAtri meM candramA ke darzana se prANoM ke Upara cale jAne para A~khoM ko banda karatI huI marchA usa sunayanA kI saMkhI kI taraha vegapUrvaka A gii| cAndraM bimbaM vRttavahnayAzmakalpaM vyAlIvAsIbhISaNA puSpamAlA / cityAkalpaM puSpatalpaM ca tasyAstasminnevAbaddhasaMbaddhabuddheH / / indordIptyA dattadAhAtirekA yadyacchubhaM tatra tatrAparaktA / sA karpUraM dantajaM karNapUraM hAraM hAsaM ceti sarvaM vyahAsIt / / usa nemi ke prati saMlagna citta vAlI usako candramA kA bimba golAkAra agni ke prastara khaNDa kI taraha, puSpamAlA nAginoM kI taraha bhayaMkara aura phUloM kI seja citA ke samAna pratIta hone lagI / candramA kI kAnti se atizaya dAha ko prApta hokara vaha jo-jo zubhra padArtha the, unase virakta ho gaI / usane kapUra, hAthI dAnta se bane karNAbhUSaNa, hAra aura hAsya sabhI ko tyAga diyA / raudra rasaH raudra kA sthAyIbhAva krodha hai / zatru Alambana ora zatru kI ceSTAyeM uddIpana vibhAva haiM / oTha cabAnA, zastra ghumAnA Adi anubhAva tathA amarSa Adi saMcArI bhAva haiN| __rAjA samudravijaya ke parAkrama ke kAraNa zatru rAjA krodha se uddIpta ho jAte haiN| unakI bhauheM car3ha jAtI haiM veM A~khe tarerane lagate haiM / garjana, tarjana karate haiM para unakA vaza nahIM calatA, ve samudravijaya ke parAkrama ke samakSa jhuka jAte haiM / kavi ne virodhI rAjAoM ke raudra rUpa ke sAtha samudravijaya kI vIratA kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai / yathA : yadardhacandrApacitottamAGgairuddaNDadostANDavamAdadhAnaH / vidveSibhirdattazivApramodaiH kaiH kairna daghe yudhi rudrabhAvaH / / rAjA samudravijaya ke bANoM se jinakA mastaka kaTa gayA hai, jo rakSA ke liye apanI uddaNDa bhujAoM ko phar3aphar3A rahe haiM tathA bhakSya sAmagrI prApta hone para jinhoMne (zivA) zrRgAliyoM ke liye harSa pradAna kiyA hai, aise kauna-kauna zatruoM ne yuddha meM rUdrabhAva ko nahIM dhAraNa kiyA arthAt sabhI ne kiyA thA / zleSa ke anusAra isa padya meM dUsarA bhI artha hai - jinake mastaka ardha candra se pUjita haiM jo apanI bhujAoM se udaNDa tANDava nRtya karate haiM tathA jinhoMne pati hone ke kAraNa zivA-pArvatI ko harSa pradAna kiyA hai - aise kauna-kauna se zatruoM ne yuddha meM rUdra bhAva-mahAdevapane 1.neminirvaNa,11/8,9 2.vahI, 1/61

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nirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : rasa ko dhAraNa nahIM kiyA thA / arthAt sabhI ne kiyA thA / vIra rasaH vIra rasa kA sthAyI bhAva utsAha hai| vijaya Alambana aura usakI ceSTAyeM uddIpana vibhAva haiM, bhujAoM kA phar3akanA, A~khoM kA lAla honA Adi anubhAva tathA garva smRti Adi saMcArI bhAva haiM / nirvANa ke prathama sarga meM vIratA kA samAveza hai / utsAha kA saMcAra rahane se samudravijaya ke caritra meM vIratA vyApta hai / rAjA kI vIratA ke samakSa zatru narezoM kI tIna sthitiyA~ hotI thI / caraNa sevA, raNa meM mRtyu aura vanavAsa / kavi ne samudravijaya kI prazaMsA karate huye kahA hai ki : yasminbhuvo bhartari satyasandhe trayI gatirbhUmibhRtAM babhUva / tatpAdasevA maraNaM raNe vA kvacinnivAso vipule vane vA / / ' satya pratijJA vAle jisa rAjA ke pRthvI kA svAmI rahane para rAjAoM kI tIna gatiyA~ huI - usake caraNoM kI sevA, yuddha meM mRtyu athavA gahana vana meM nivAsa / yasmiJjagajjetari yAcakebhyo grAmAnanantAnvitaratyajasram / spardhAnubandhAdiva bhUridezatyAgaM viteneM yadarAtivargaH / / saMsAra ko jItane vAle jisa (samudravijaya) ke rahane para yAcakoM ke liye gA~voM ko nirantara pradAna kiyA gayA aura zatruoM ke samUha ne mAnoM spardhA ke kAraNa hI deza -tyAga ko prApta kiyA / zrotuM yazaH kAntamazaknuvantastadvairiNo ye yudhi mRtyumIyuH / taiH kaSTamazrAvi vadhaH sva eva divyAGganAbhirdivi gIyamAnaH / / 3 129 usake (samudravijaya ke) sundara yaza ko sunane meM asamartha hote huye usake jo zatru yuddha meM mRtyu ko prApta ho gaye unhoMne svarga meM devAMganAoM ke dvArA gAye jAte huye apane vadha ko bar3e kaSTa ke sAtha sunA / karuNa rasaH karuNa rasa kA sthAyI bhAva zoka hai vinaSTa bandhu Adi zocanIya vyakti Alambana vibhAva, dAha karmAdi, hiMsAdi uddIpana vibhAva, nindA rodana Adi anubhAva tathA nirveda, glAni, cintA Adi vyabhicArI bhAva haiM / neminirvANa meM karuNa rasa ko utpanna karane meM trayodaza sarga kI eka mukhya ghaTanA hai jisameM nemi ke vivAha ke samaya pazuoM ke vadha ke liye bAMdhane ke kAraNa unakA cItkAra zabda sunakara nemi kA karuNabhAva honA tathA hiMsA Adi ko tyAga, glAni, nirveda, cintA Adi bhAvoM kA prakaTIkaraNa haiM / 1. neminirvANa, 1/62 2. neminirvANa, 1 / 65 1 . vahI, 1 / 67

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130 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana atho rathAdyAvadiyeSa nemistatrottarItuM taruNArkatejasA / zuzrAva tAvatsa vivAhayajJe baddhasya zabdaM pazusaMcayasya / / zrutvA tamArtadhvanimekavIraH sphAraM diganteSu sa dattadRSTiH / dadarza vATaM nikaTe niSaNNaH khinnAkhilazvApadavargagarbham / / taM vIkSyapapraccha kRtI kumAraH svasArathiM manmathasAramUrtiH / kimarthamete yugapannibaddhAH pAzaiH prabhUtAH pazavo raTantaH / / zrImanvivAhe bhavataH samantAdabhyAgatasya svajanasya bhuktyai / kariSyate pAkavidhervizeSa eSAM vasAbhiH sa tamityuvAca / / zrutvA vacastasya sa vazyavRttiH sphuratkRpAntaH karaNaH kumAraH / nivArayAmAsa vivAhakarmANyadharmabhIruH smRtapUrvajanmA / / taruNasUrya ke teja ke sAtha kumAra nemi ne ratha se jaise hI utaranA cAhA vaise hI usane vivAha maNDapa meM bandhe huye pazuoM ke samUha kI AvAja ko sunA / atizaya vIra nemi ne usa Artadhvani ko sunakara dizAoM meM dRSTi DAlakara samIpa meM hI vyAkula pazuoM ke samUha ko dekhA / kAmadeva ke samAna AkRti vAle vidvAn kumAra ne usa pazu-samUha ko dekhakara apane sArathI se pUchA ki pAzoM se bandhe huye rudana karate huye ye pazu eka sAtha kyoM bA~dhe gaye haiM? sArathI ne unase kahA zrImAn jI ! Apake vivAha meM cAroM tarapha se Aye huye AtmIya janoM ke bhojana ke liye inakI vasA se vizeSa taraha kA bhojana banAyA jAyagA / usake vacanoM ko sunakara jitendriya kRpAlu antaHkaraNa vAle evaM adharma bhIru usa kumAra ne pUrvajanmoM kA smaraNa karake vivAha kArya ko roka diyA / adbhuta rasa : "adbhuta" vaha rasa hai jise vismaya ke sthAyI bhAva kA abhivyaMjana kahA karate haiM / isakA Alambana alaukika vastu hai / alaukika vastu ke guNoM kA saMkIrtana isakA uddIpana hai / stambha, sveda, romAJca, gadgadasvara, saMbhrama, netra-vikAsa, Adi-Adi isake anubhAva haiN| isameM vitarka, Avega, saMbhrama, harSa, Adi vyabhicArI bhAva paripoSaNa kA kAma karate haiN| neminirvANa meM AkAza se utaratI huI devAMganAoM ke varNana meM adbhuta rasa kA samAveza huA hai| nirambude nabhasi nu vidyutaH kvacinu tArakAH prakaTitakAntayo divA / savismayairiti nitarAM janairmuhurvilokitAH pathi pathi baddhamaNDalaiH / / 2 bAdalarahita AkAza meM kyA yaha bijaliyA~ haiM athavA prakaTa-kAnti vAle tAre haiM / isa prakAra Azcarya yukta samUha banAkara logoM ke dvArA pratyeka mArga meM nirantara devAMganAyeM dekhI gii| 1.neminirvANa,13/1-5 2. neminirvANa, 2/2

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adhyAya-tIna (kha) neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa neminirvANa kA mahAkAvyatva saMskRta ke kAvyazAstriyoM ne bhinna-bhinna bhedaka tattvoM ke AdhAra para kAvya kA vibhAjana kiyA hai| AcArya bhAmaha ne kAvya ke bhedoM kA nirUpaNa cAra mAnyatAoM ke AdhAra para pRthak-pRthak cAra prakAra se prastuta kiyA hai : 1. chanda ke sadbhAva yA abhAva ke AdhAra para - (ka) gadya, (kha) padya 2. bhASA ke AdhAra para - (ka) saMskRta, (kha) prAkRta, (ga) apabhraMza 3. viSaya ke AdhAra para - (ka) khyAtavRtta, (kha) kalpita, (ga) kalAzrita, (gha) zAstrAzrita 4. svarUpa ke AdhAra para - (ka) sargabandha, (kha) abhineyArtha, (ga) AkhyAyikA, (gha) kathA, (Dha) anibaddha uparyukta vargIkaraNa svarUpa ke AdhAra kiyA gayA hai / bhAmaha kA vargIkaraNa hI prAyaH pazcAtvartI samasta kAvyazAstriyoM kA AdhAra banA aura ve isI meM kucha parivartana yA parivarddhana ke sAtha apanA vargIkaraNa prastuta karate rahe / bhAmaha ke isa vargIkaraNa meM eka yahI doSa hai ki unhoMne khaNDakAvya ko koI sthAna nahIM diyA hai / AcArya daNDI kathA aura AkhyAyikA ko alaga-alaga do bheda na mAna kara eka hI ke do nAma mAnate haiM / yahA~ kevala mahAkAvya para vicAra karanA abhISTa hai / ataH vargIkaraNa ke viSaya meM adhika vicAra na karake mahAkAvya ke bAre meM vicAra karanA hI samIcIna hogaa| AcArya bhAmaha ne sarvaprathama mahAkAvya kA lakSaNa prastuta karate hue likhA hai : "sargabaddha mahAkAvya kahalAtA hai / vaha mahAna caritroM se saMbaddha AkAra meM bar3A, grAmya zabdoM se rahita, artha-sauSThava se sampanna, alaMkAroM se yukta, satpuruSAzrita, mantraNAdUtapreSaNa, abhimAna, yuddha nAyaka ke abhyudaya evaM paMca sandhiyoM se samanvita, anativyAkhyeya tathA RddhipUrNa hotA hai / caturvarga kA nirUpaNa karane para bhI usameM pradhAnatA artha nirUpaNa kI hotI hai| usameM laukika AcAra tathA sabhI rasa vidyamAna rahate haiM / vaMza, bala, jJAna Adi guNoM dvArA nAyaka kA pahale varNana karake dUsare ke utkarSa karane kI icchA se usakA vadha varNita nahIM karanA caahie| yadi kAvya meM usakI vyApakatA apekSita na ho athavA use abhyudayagAmI na banAnA ho to Arambha meM usakA grahaNa aura prazaMsA karanA vyartha hai / "3 ___ bhAmaha dvArA pratipAdita mahAkAvya kA yaha lakSaNa na kevala prAcIna hai, apitu saMkSipta 1. zabdArtho sAhitau kAvya gadyaM padyaM ca tadvidhA / saMskRtaM prAkRtaM cAnyadapabhraMzaM iti vidhA / / vRttaM devAdicaritazaMsi cotyAdyavastu ca / kalAzAstrAzrayaMceti caturdhAbhidyate punaH / / sargabandho'bhineyArtha tvaivaakhyaayikaakthe| anibaddhaMca kAvyAdi tatpunaH paMcadhocyate / / - kAvyAlaMkAra,1/16-18 2. tatkathAkhyAyiketyekA jAtiH sNjnyaaddyaaNkitaa|- kAvyAdarza,1/28 3. kAvyAlaMkAra,1/19-23

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132 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana aura vidvAnoM dvArA sammAnita bhI hai / yadyapi pazcAdvartI AcAryoM ne mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM meM koI na koI naI bAta jarUra jor3I hai, parantu bhAmaha ke lakSaNoM meM koI bhI Avazyaka tattva chUTa nahIM pAyA hai| AcArya daNDI ne apane mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa meM bhAmaha ke ukta nikAyoM kA samAveza karate huye AraMbha meM maMgalAcaraNa (AzIrvAdAtmaka, namaskArAtmaka yA vastunirdezAtmaka) ke hone kA tathA AkhyAna ke aitihAsika athavA sajjanAzrita hone kA ullekha kiyA hai / unhoMne mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa meM pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda tathA sargAnta meM chanda parivartana kA nirdeza karate hue aMgIrasa ke rUpa meM zrRMgAra athavA vIra ko hI mAnyatA dI hai / daNDI kA kathana hai ki mahAkAvya meM pratinAyaka ke bhI ucca vaMza, zaurya, vidyA Adi kI prazaMsA karanI caahie| kyoMki isase usake vijaya prApta karane vAle nAyaka kA utkarSa bar3hatA hai| AcArya rUdraTa ne apane mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa ko paryApta vistAra ke sAtha diyA hai / apane lakSaNa meM unhoMne bhAratIya saMskRti ke bhaNDAra rAmAyaNa aura mahAbhArata ko bhI mahAkAvya kI koTi meM lAne kA saMstutya prayAsa kiyA hai / unakI eka aura apanI vizeSatA yaha hai ki unhoMne mUla kathAnaka ke madhya meM anya avAntara kathAnakoM ke samAveza kA bhI nirdeza kiyA hai / zeSa bAtoM meM rUdraTa ne bhAmaha aura daNDI kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / AcArya hemacandra ne bhI mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa meM apane pUrvavartI AcAryoM kA hI anusaraNa kiyA hai / parantu yaha unakI apanI vizeSatA hai ki unhoMne bahuta hI kama zabdoM meM sUtrAtmaka zailI meM mahAkAvya ke samasta tattvoM kA samAveza kara diyA hai| AcArya hemacandra ne zabda vaicitrya ko mahAkAvya kA Avazyaka tattva mAnate huye usake antargata duSkara citrAlaMkAra evaM anya zabdAvaliyoM ke grahaNa ke sAtha hI kAvya ke anta meM svAbhiprAya, svanAma, iSTa nAma athavA maMgala ke aMkita hone kA samAveza kiyA hai| isa prakAra inake mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa meM naye tatvoM kA samAveza huA hai| anya AcAryoM dvArA nirdiSTa mahAkAvya ke lakSaNoM meM koI navIna udghATanA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI hai / ataeva kevala AcArya vizvanAtha ke mahAkAvya ke lakSaNa kA hI ullekha karanA samIcIna hogA / kyoMki vizvanAtha kA lakSaNa sarvAMga evaM vidvAnoM dvArA mAnya hai| / jisameM sargoM kA nibandhana ho vaha mahAkAvya kahalAtA hai / isakA dhIrodAtta nAyaka ke 1. kAvyAdarza,1/14-22 2. dra0 kAvyAlaMkAra,16/2-19 3. chandovizeSaracitaM prAyaH saMskRtAdibhASAnibaddhabhinantyavRttairyathAsaMkhyaM sadibhinirmitaM suzliSTamukhapravimukhagarbhanirvahaNa sandhisundaraM zabdArthavaicitryopetaM mahAkAvyam / / - kAvyAnuzAsana, adhyAya 8, pR0 395 zabdavaicitryaM yathA -asaMkSiptamasthatvam aviSamabandhatvam, anativistIrNaparasparanibaddhasaditvam, AzInamaskAravastu nirdezopakramatvam, vaktavyArthatatyatijJAnatatprayojanopanyAsa kaviprazaMsAsujanadurjanasvarUpavadAdivAkyatvam, duSkaracitrAdi sargatvama. svAbhiprAyasvanAmeSTanAmamaMgalAMkitasamAptitvam / - kAvyAnuzAsana, adhyAya 8, pR0 401

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : mahAkAvya 133 guNoM se sampanna devatA athavA savaMza meM utpanna kSatriya nAyaka hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM eka hI kula meM utpanna aneka rAjA bhI nAyaka ho sakate haiM / zrRMgAra, vIra athavA zAnta meM se koI eka rasa aMgI (pradhAna) hotA hai tathA anya sabhI rasa gauNarUpa meM rahate haiM / isameM nATaka kI pA~coM sandhiyoM rahatI haiM / isakA kathAnaka aitihAsika, athavA sajjanAzrita hotA hai / dharma, artha, kAma, aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM meM se koI eka inakA phala hotA hai / Arambha meM namaskAra, AzIrvAda athavA kathAvastu kA nirdeza hotA hai / kahIM-kahIM durjanoM kI nindA aura sajjanoM kI prazaMsA kI jAtI hai / isameM na to bahuta hI choTe aura na bahuta hI bar3e kama se kama ATha sarga hote haiM / pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda hotA hai kintu sargAnta meM chanda kA parivartana kara diyA jAtA hai / kisI sarga meM aneka chanda bhI milate haiM / sarga ke anta meM bhAvI kathA kI sUcanA honI cAhie / isameM sandhyA, sUrya, candramA, rAtri, pradoSa, andhakAra, dina, prAtaHkAla, madhyAhna, mRgayA, parvata, SaDRtu, vana, samudra, saMyoga, vipralambha, muni, svarga, nagara, yajJa, saMgrAma, yAtrA, vivAha, mantra, putra aura abhyudaya Adi kA yathAsaMbhava sAMgopAMga varNana hotA hai / mahAkAvya kA nAma kavi ke nAma se. varNya carita ke nAma se athavA carita-nAyaka ke nAma se honA caahie| isake atirikta anya kisI AdhAra para bhI nAma ho sakatA hai / varNanIya kathAnaka ke anusAra sarga kA nAma bhI rakhA jAtA hai / ukta lakSaNa meM yaha bAta avazya khaTakatI hai ki vizvanAtha ke matAnusAra mahAkAvya kA nAyaka koI deva yA savaMza meM utpanna kSatriya honA cAhiye / yadi isa bAta ko mAna liyA jAye to saMskRta ke zaMkaradigvijaya, dayAnandadigvijaya Adi kAvya mahAkAvya kI zreNI meM nahIM A pAyeMge / AcArya bhAmaha ne mahApurANa ke caritra ko hI mahAkAvya ke lie Avazyaka tattva mAnA hai| ataeva vizvanAtha ke savaMzaH kSatriyo vApi' ko mahAn caritra kA hI upalakSaNa mAnanA caahie| kisI bhI mahAkAvya meM uparyukta sabhI lakSaNoM kA samAveza atyanta durlabha hai, kyoMki AcAryoM ne to kisI eka mahAkAvya ko apanA Adarza mAnakara lakSaNa kA nirmANa kiyA hai| sargabandho mahAkAvyaM tauko nAyakaH suraH / sadvaMzaH kSatriyo vApi dhIrodattaguNAnvitaH / / ekavaMzabhavA bhUpAH kulajA bahavo'pi vA / zrRMgAravIrazAntAnAmekoMgI rasa iSyate / / aMgAni sarve'pi rasAH sarve paTakasandhayaH / itihAsodbhavaM vRttamanyadvA sajjanAzrayam / / catvArastasya vargAH syusteSvekaM ca phalaM bhavet / Adau namastriyAzIrvAdavastunirdeza eva vA / / kvacinindA khalAdInAM satAM ca guNakIrtanam / ekavRttamayaiH padyairavasAnenyavRttakaiH / / nAtisvalpA nAtidIrghAH sargASTAdhikA iha / nAnA-vRttamayaH kvApi sargaH kazcan dRzyate / / sargAnte bhAvisargasya kathAyAH sUcanaM bhavet / saMdhyAsUryendurajanIpradoSadhvAntavAsarAH / / prAtarmadhyAhnamRgayAzailatuvanasAgarAH / saMbhogavipralambhau ca munisvargapurAdhvarAH / / raNaprayANopayamamantraputrAbhyudAdayaH / varNanIyA yathAyogaM sAMgopAMga amI iha / / kavettasya vA nAmnA nAmakasyetarasya vA / ___ - sAhityadarpaNa.6/315-324

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134 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana ataeva ukta lakSaNoM ke AdhAra para mahAkAvya ke kucha sAmAnya svarUpAdhAyaka tattvoM kA nirdeza kara denA ucita hogaa| (1) mahAkAvya kA kathAnaka sargabaddha ho, jisameM kama se kama ATha sarga ho / kathAnaka ko aitihAsika yA sajjanAzrita honA cAhie tathA usameM nATaka kI pA~coM sandhiyA~ vidyamAna hoN| (2) mahAkAvya ke prArambha meM vividha maMgalAcaraNoM - namaskArAtmaka, AzIrvAdAtmaka yA vastunirdeza meM se koI eka maMgalAcaraNa ho / maMgalAcaraNa ke bAda kathAnaka ke prArambha meM pahale yadi durjana-nindA aura sajjana prazaMsA ho to acchA hai| (3) zrRMgAra, vIra athavA zAnta meM se koI eka rasa aMgI ho, zeSa rasoM kA prayoga aMga rUpa meM huA ho| (4) devatA, savaMza meM utpanna kSatriya athavA koI mahAn caritra hI mahAkAvya kA nAyaka ho sakatA hai / kahIM-kahIM eka vaMza ke aneka rAjA bhI nAyaka ho sakate haiN| (5) mahAkAvya kA nAmakaraNa kavi, varNanIya kathAvastu athavA nAyaka ke nAma para honA caahie| (6) pratyeka sarga meM eka hI chanda kA prayoga parantu sarganta meM chanda kA parivartana ho / kisI sarga meM aneka chandoM kA prayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| (7) kisI eka sarga meM vibhinna citrAlaMkAroM aura anya zabdAlaMkAroM kA paryApta prayoma ___kiyA gayA ho, to acchA hai / (8) mahAkAvya meM prakRti varNana ke antargata nagara, vana, prAtaHkAla, candrodaya, sUryodaya, yuddha tathA SaDRtu kA yathAsaMbhava sAMgopAMga varNana kiyA gayA ho / (9) kAvya kA anya svAbhiprAyAMkita, svanAmAMkita, iSTanAmAMkita athavA maMgalAMkita honA caahiye| (10) caturvarga - dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa meM se koI eka mahAkAvya kA phala hotA hai| aba yahA~ para ukta tattvoM ke AdhAra para naiminirvANa' ke mahAkAvyatva kI samIkSA prastuta hai| / naminirvANa' kI kathAvastu 15 sargoM meM vibhakta hai / isakA kathAnaka aitihAsika hai| yaha guNabhadra ke uttarapurANa tathA jinasena ke harivaMzapurANa se liyA gayA hai / isameM nATaka kI pA~coM sandhiyA~ mukha, pratimukha, garbha, avamarza aura nirvahaNa kA yathA sthAna prayoga huA hai / kAvya kA prArambha maMgala zabda "zrI" zabda ke sAtha huA hai tathA 24 tIrthaGkakaroM kI kramazaH vandanA kI gaI hai| ataeva yahA~ namaskArAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa hai| sAtha hI kavi ne tIrthaDakara neminAtha kI stuti karate hue kathAnaka kA bhI nirdeza kara diyA hai, ataH vastunirdezAtmaka maMgalAcaraNa bhI mAnA jA sakatA hai / mahAkAvya kI paramparA ke anusAra naiminirvANa' meM durjana nindA aura sajjana prazaMsA bhI kI gaI hai|

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : mahAkAvya 135 naiminirvANa' meM yathAvasara sabhI rasoM kA vinyAsa huA hai, parantu aMgIrasa zAnta hai aMgarUpa meM ubhayavidha zrRMgAra, vIra, bhayAnaka, karuNa, raudra, adbhuta Adi rasoM kA prayoga huA hai / neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke nAyaka dhIrodatta kSatriya kula meM utpanna jaina dharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthakara (yaduvaMzI) nemi haiN| niminirvANa' kA nAmakaraNa carita nAyaka naimi' ke nAma para kiyA gayA hai| usake pratyeka sarga kA prArambha eka chanda se huA hai tathA sargAnta meM chanda parivartana bhI kiyA gayA hai| naminirvANa' meM AryA, somarAjI, zazivadanA, anuSTupa, vidyunmAlA, pramANikA, haMsaruta, mAdyazrRMga, maNiraMga, bandhUka, rUvamavatI, mattA, indravajrA, upendravajrA, upajAti, bhramaravilasitA, strI, rathoddhatA, zAlinI, acyuta, vaMzastha, drutavilambita, kusumavicitrA, sragviNI, mauktikadAma, tAmarasa, pramitAkSarA, bhujaMgaprayAta, priyaMvadA, toTaka, rucirA, nandinI, candrikA, majubhASiNI, mattamayUra, vasantatilakA azokamAlinI, praharaNakalikA, mAlinI, zazikalikA, zaramAlA, hariNI, pRthvI, zikhariNI, mandAkrAntA, zArdUla vikrIDita, sragdharA, caNDavRSTi, viyoginI, puSpitAgrA ina 50 chandoM kA prayoga huA hai tathA anuprAsa, yamaka tathA zleSa Adi zabdAlaMkAroM kA prayoga huA hai| niminirvANa' meM prakRti varNana ke antargata kavi ne vana, nagara, nadI, candrodaya, sUryodaya, prAtaH, madhyAhna, sAyaM, rAtri, Rtu Adi kA varNana bar3A hI manohara kiyA hai| isameM dharma, artha, kAma, mokSa, cAroM puruSArthoM kA varNana huA hai| kintu kAvya kA pradhAna rasa zAnta hone se mukhya phala mokSa (nirvANa) rUpa caturtha puruSArtha hai| naiminirvANa' meM jAtIya guNoM, sarvotkRSTa upalabdhiyoM aura paramparAgata anubhavoM kA puMjIbhUta rasAtmaka rUpa pAyA jAtA hai isameM yuddha aura bhaMyakara yAtrA jaise sAhasika kArya bhale hI na ho para jIvana ke vividha kSetra aura vibhinna mAnasika dazAoM kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| ghaTanA pravAha ke kSINa hone para bhI alaMkRta varNanoM kI pradhAnatA hai / kavi ne jIvana ke vibhinna vyApAroM aura paristhitiyoM ke citraNa meM putra cintA, prema, vivAha, kumArodaya, madhupAna, goSThI, vana vihAra, jalakrIr3A, Adi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| kavi ne yuga jIvana kA citraNa vastu vyApAroM aura paristhitiyoM ke dvArA prastuta kiyA hai| mahAkAvya ke samasta zAstrIya lakSaNoM ke sAtha alaukika aura ati prAkRtika tattva bhI nihita haiM / mAnava mAtra ke hRdaya meM pratiSThita dhArmika vRttiyoM paurANika aura andhavizvAsoM kA bhI kavi ne isa . kAvya meM granthana kiyA hai| / ukta sabhI vivecanoM ke AdhAra para kahA jA sakatA hai ki naiminirvANa' meM mahAkAla ke sabhI lakSaNa bhalI bhA~ti ghaTita huye haiM / ataeva naminirvANa' zAstrIya dRSTi se eka saphala mahAkAvya hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne naiminirvANa' meM mahAkAvya kA koI bhI Avazyaka varNya viSaya nahIM chor3A hai|

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adhyAya-tIna (ga) neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa / chanda-yojanA vyAkaraNa kI vyutpatti ke anusAra 'chandayati cadi asUn' arthAt jo prasanna kare usI ko chanda kahate haiM / bahuta se koSakAroM ne chanda ko padya kA paryAya mAnA hai / sAhityadarpaNakAra ne bhI 'chandobaddhaM padaM padyam' arthAt viziSTa chanda meM bandhe huye pada ko padya kahA hai / ye chanda laghu, guru, svara yA mAtrA kI niyamita varNa yojanA se banate haiM / kavi apanI bhAvAbhivyakti ke liye gadya kI apekSA padya kA Azraya adhika letA hai, kyoMki apane abhiprAya ko camatkRti evaM prabhAvapUrNa DhaMga se upasthita karane ke liye padya kA mAdhyama adhika sukara hai / padyoM kI sahAyatA se hI adhikAMza prAcIna bhAratIya sAhitya ziSya paramparA ke mAdhyama se jIvita bacA rahA hai| saMskRta bhASA meM to padyoM (chandoM) kA atIva mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| saMskRta kI yaha apanI vizeSatA hai ki isameM gaNita, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, rAjanIti jaise nIrasa viSaya bhI chandomaya hokara manorama, mRdula evaM AkarSaka lagane lagate haiN| AcArya kSemendra ne bhAvAnurUpa chandoM ke niveza ko ucita batalAte huye kahA hai ki :vRttaratnAvalI kAmAdasthAne vinivezitA / kathayatyajJatAmeva mekhaleva gale kRtA / / arthAt anucita sthAna para kiyA gayA chandoM kA prayoga gale meM dhAraNa kI gaI mekhalA kI taraha kavi kI ajJatA kA hI bodha karatA hai / ataH spaSTa hai ki chandoM kA prayoga bhI varNana ke anusAra hI kiyA jAnA cAhie / ___kAvya meM chanda yojanA aisI hotI hai ki jo rasa aura bhAva ke anukUla hotI hai / saMsAra meM kathAyeM tIna rUpoM meM milatI haiM :- (1) padya, (2) gadya, aura (3) gIta / veda ko bhI chAndas kahA hai, kintu veda kI bhASA bhI tInoM rUpoM meM milatI hai / vaidika sAhitya meM kevala sAta hI chandoM kA prayoga huA hai :- (1) gAyatrI (2) uSNik (3) anuSTupa (4) vRhatI (5) paMkti (6) triSTup aura (7) jagatI / ___ kAtyAyana ne Age calakara inake bhI bahuta se bheda kara DAle haiM / inhIM sAta prakAra ke vaidika chandoM ke AdhAra para pIche ke kaviyoM ne jo bahuta se chanda banA liye haiM, unheM laukika chanda kahate haiM / isIliye chandoM ke do bheda huye haiM - vaidika aura laukika / chandoM ko dekhane se prIta hotA hai ki smRti meM sthira rakhane ke lie tathA par3hane meM pravAha, sugamatA, madhuratA aura gati prApta karane ke liye chandoM kI sRSTi kI gaI hai / isIliye chanda 1. suvRttatilaka, tRtIya vinyAsa,13

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda 137 usa zabda yojanA ko kahate haiM, jo kisI vizeSa niyama se akSara yA mAtrAoM ke bandhana meM bandhI huI calatI ho| laukika chandaHzAstra para aneka grantha milate haiM, kintu unameM se maharSi piMgala kA banAyA huA grantha hI sabase prAcIna aura prAmANika mAnA jAtA hai / piMgalAcArya ne apane mahAgrantha meM eka karor3a sar3asaTha lAkha satahattara sahasra do sau solaha prakAra ke varNana padoM kA ullekha kiyA hai, jinameM se lagabhaga pacAsa chanda hI laukika saMskRta kAvyoM meM prayukta huye haiN| chanda do prakAra ke hote haiM :- (1) mAtrika aura (2) varNika / mAtrika chanda use kahate haiM, jisake pratyeka caraNa kI nApa mAtrAoM kI ginatI se, tathA varNika chanda vaha hai, jisake pratyeka caraNa kI nApa varNoM yA akSaroM kI ginatI se kI jaaye| jina chandoM ke cAroM caraNoM ke varNa yA unakI mAtrAyeM samAna hoM, unheM samavRtta kahate haiM / jinake pahale-tIsare aura dUsare-cauthe varNoM kI mAtrAyeM yA varNa samAna hoM, unheM arddhasama kahate haiM / jina chandoM ke cAroM caraNoM kI mAtrAoM yA vargoM kI saMkhyA bhinna-bhinna ho unheM viSamavRtta kahate haiN| chandoM kI yojanA athavA gItoM kI yojanA rasa aura bhAva ke anusAra honI cAhiye / mahAkavi kSemendra ne apane suvRttatilaka grantha meM chanda-yojanA ke sambandha meM eka vizeSa paddhati kI sthApanA karate hue kahA hai ___"sarga ke prArambha meM kathA ke vistAra meM aura zAntipUrNa upadeza meM sajjana loga anuSTup kA prayoga karate haiM / upajAti chanda meM zrRMgAra tathA usake Alambana nAyaka, nAyikA ke rUpa kA varNana aura vasanta Rtu tathA usake aMgoM kA varNana kiyA jAtA hai / vibhAva arthAt candrodayAdi uddIpana meM sthoddhatA chanda kA aura SADguNya nIti kA varNana vaMzastha meM zobhA detA hai / vIra aura raudra ke mela ke liye vasantatilakA aura sarga ke anta meM mAlinI kA prayoga kiyA jAnA cAhiye / pariccheda yA viSaya vibhAjana ke liye zikhariNI kA prayoga kiyA jAya tathA udAharaNa, rUci aura aucitya kA vicAra karane ke lie hariNI kA prayoga ho / rAjAoM ke dvArA krodha tathA dhikkAra aura varSA, pravAsa tathA duHkha meM mandAkrAntA chanda, rAjAoM kA zaurya varNana karane meM zArdUla vikrIDita, AMdhI ke varNana meM sragdharA evaM dodhaka tathA muktaka sUktiyoM ke liye toTaka aura narkuTa chanda honA caahiye| isa chanda yojanA ke anusAra mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa meM aneka chandoM kA prayoga kiyA hai / vibhinna chandoM kA prayoga karane meM mahAkAvyakAra atikuzala haiM / vastutaH kavi ne sabhI chandoM kA prayoga isa kAvya meM kiyA hai aura kucha aise chanda bhI prayoga kiye haiM, jinakA patA vRttaratnAkara' ke praNetA kedArabhaTTa ko bhI nahIM thaa| kucha chanda aise bhI haiM, jinakA prayoga kAlidAsa bhAravi, mAgha tathA pazcAtvartI vIranandi aura arhaddAsa Adi ke mahAkAvyoM meM bhI nahIM miltaa|

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138 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana ___mahAkavi vAgbhaTa kI chanda yojanA ati vismayakArI hai / neminirvANa ke sAtaveM sarga meM chandaprayoga karane meM kavi ne vizeSatA prakaTa kI hai / padya meM jisa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai, chanda nAma bhI usI meM prastuta kiyA hai aura kavi ne sarga meM varNita 55 padyoM meM 43 chandoM kA prayoga karake eka vizeSa chanda kalA prastuta kI hai| .. neminirvANa meM prayoga kiye gaye chanda isa prakAra haiM - AryA, somarAjI, zazivadanA, anuSTup, vidyunmAlA, pramANikA, haMsaruta, mAdyadbhuGga, maNiraMga, bandhUka, rukmavatI, mattA, indravajrA, upendravajA, upajAti, amaravilasitA, strI, rathoddhatA, zAlinI, acyuta, vazaMstha, drutavilambita, kusumavicitrA, sragviNI, mauktikadAma, tAmarasa, pramitAkSarA, bhujaGgaprayAta, priyaMvadA, toTaka, rucirA, nandinI, candrikA, maMjubhASiNI, mattamayUra, vasantatilakA, azoka-mAlinI, praharaNakalikA, mAlinI, zazikalikA, zaramAlA, hariNI, pRthvI, zikhariNI, mandAkrAntA, zArdUlavikrIDita, sragdharA, caNDavRSTi, viyoginI, puSpitAgrA / ukta chandoM kA pRthak pRthak vivaraNa eka-eka udAharaNa ke sAtha yahA~ prastuta hai| inameM varNika chandoM kA krama sama, ardhasama aura viSama meM vibhakta kara varNagaNanA ke AdhAra para kiyA gayA hai| (2) AryA : yaha mAtrika chanda hai jisake pahale aura tIsare pAda meM bAraha mAtrAyeM ho, dUsare meM aThAraha aura cauthe meM pandraha mAtrAyeM ho vaha AryAchanda hai / yasyAH pAde prathame dvAdazamAtrAstathA tRtIye'pi / aSTAdaza dvitIye caturthake paMcadaza sAryA / / yathA munigaNa sevyA guruNA yuktAryA jayati sAmutra / caraNagatamakhilameva sphuratitarA lakSaNaM yasyAH / / prayoga ke anya sthala : saptama sarga : 1 (2) zazivadanAH yaha chaH varNoM kA vRtta hai / isake pratyeka pAda meM eka nagaNa aura eka yagaNa hotA hai / yathA - vanamiha dRSTvA kusumasamRddham / carati nagaM kiM zazivadanAnyam' / / (3) somarAjI: yaha chanda, chandaH zAstrIya pracalita granthoM meM anupalabdha hai / yaha chaH varNoM kA chanda hai jisameM kramazaH do magaNa hote haiM / yathA - zivAzliSTakAyaH parityaktamAyaH / ayaM somarAjI' kSapAyAM narezaH / / 1. zrutabodha,4 2. neminirvANa, 7/2 3. zazivadanA nyau, vR0 20, 3/80 4. neminirvANa, 7/3 5. dviyA somarAjI/saMskRta hiMdI koSa (ApTe) pariziSTa, pR0 1187 6. neminirvANa 7/44

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda 139 (4) anuSTupaH isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM ATha akSara hote haiM / cAroM caraNoM meM chaThA akSara guru hotA hai tathA pA~cavA laghu hotA hai / dUsare aura cauthe caraNa meM sAtavAM akSara hasva tathA prathama aura tRtIya caraNa meM sAtavAM akSara dIrgha hotA hai / use zloka yA anuSTup chanda kahate haiN| zloke SaSThaM guru jJeyaM sarvatra laghu paMcamam / dvicatuSpAdayohasvaM saptamaM dIrghamanyayoH / / yathA - atha krIDAgirau tatra vicitrtrusNttau| celurvanavihArAya mAdhavAH sAvarodhanAH / / neminirvANa meM anuSTup prayoga ke anya sthala - caturtha sarga- 61, SaSTha sarga-48, aSTama sarga-2 se79 taka, ekAdaza sarga-57, dvAdaza sarga-1 se 69 taka, paMcadaza sarga-1 se 84 taka neminirmANa kAvya meM anuSTup chanda kA hI sarvAdhika prayoga huA hai| (5) vidyunmAlA: yaha ATha-ATha vargoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH magaNa, magaNa tathA do guru hote haiM / yathA - 'vidyunmAlA' daNDoddAmatrIkAH kAmaM meghA nAma / kRSNacchatracchAyAM tuGgA bibhratyasminnete nAgAH / / (6) pramANikA : yaha ATha varNoM kA vRtta hai / jisake pratyeka pAda meM kramazaH jagaNa, ragaNa, laghu aura guru hote haiM / use pramANikA kahate haiM / yathA - ihAvahanna kA taTI jaleruhAM rajo girau / / vibho sadA surAcalapramANikA suvarNagauH / / (7) haMsarUta : isa vRtta meM ATha-ATha varNa hote haiM / isameM kramazaH magaNa, nagaNa tathA do guru hote haiM / yathA - kAsAreSviha hi nimnakSIrApUrarucireSu / gaurAMgI hadi ratecchAM datte haMsarutamIza / / (8) mAdyadbhaga : yaha chanda, chandaH zAstrIya pracalita granthoM meM anupalabdha hai / vAgbhaTa ne zloka meM ise mAdya ga nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai yaha no vargoM kA vRtta hai jisake pratyeka pAda meM kramazaH eka bhagaNa, do magaNa ho vaha mAdhaga kahalAtA hai / yathA - prApya vasantaM harSAdambhaH pUrNanadIke 'mAdyabhRGgam' / atra girIndre zrImannAgaM krIDati nityaM divyaM yugmam / / 1. zrutabodha,10 2. neminirvANa, 8/9 3. me mo go go vidyunmAlA / vR0 ra0, 3.92 4. neminirvANa,7/5 5. pramANikA jarau lagI / vR0 10, 3/98 6. neminirvANa,7/7 7. manau gau haMsarutametat / vR0 20, 3/94 8. neminirvANa, 7/9 9.neminirvANa, 7/8

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140 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana (9) maNiraMga : yaha daza-daza varNo kA vRtta hai / isa chanda meM kramazaH ragaNa, sagaNa, sagaNa, guru hotA hai / ise maNirAga bhI kahA jAtA hai / yathA - aGgahAravidhau suravadhvA prastute savidhasthitatAram / vibhratastapanAmRtabhAsau ko'sya naiva taTo maNuiraMga:2 / / (10) bandhUka : yaha chanda, chandaH- zAstrIya pracalita granthoM meM anupalabdha hai / vAgbhaTa ne zloka meM ise bandhUka nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai / yaha 10 varNoM kA vRtta hai / isake pratyeka caraNa meM do bhagaNa, eka magaNa aura anta meM eka guru hotA hai / yathA - __ atra mahIbhRti bhUbhRnnAbhau gautravibhUSaNa puSyatyuccaiH / kAnanarAjimukheSu vyaktAmoSThadalAkRtikA bandhUkam / / (11) rukmavatI : isa vRtta meM kramazaH bhagaNa, magaNa, sagaNa tathA guru hotA hai / yaha daza-daza varNoM kA vRtta hai / yathA - campakacUtairbhUtalabhAgaprApitapAdairava samastA / kena na jajJe siMhaninAdakSmAbhRti bhUmI 'rukmavatIyam' / / " (12) mattA : yaha daza-daza varNoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH magaNa, bhagaNa, sagaNa tathA guru hotA hai / yathA - kA na zrImannabhinavakAmavyAlazreNI kalayati kumbhau / . asminmattA varamaNijAlau vanyA lakSmIriva kucatuGgau / / " (13) indravajrA : yaha varNika chanda hai / vargoM kI saMkhyA ke anusAra indravajA meM gyAraha varNa hote haiM, jisameM tagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa, evaM do guru hote haiM / yathA - padmAsanasthaH sphuTapadmanetraH padmAruNazrIdhRti padmalakSmA / padmaprabho naH prabhave'stu nityaM padmApradAnodyatapANipadmaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala prathama sarga - 8,12,18, 22, 29, 34, 39, 48,63, 64,65, 67,79,80 SaSThaM sarga - 46 saptama sarga - 17 . ekAdaza sarga - 56 trayodaza sarga- 11,23, 44,47,50,52,54,63,70,72,75,82, 83 . 3.vahI,7/4 1. razca sau sagururmaNirAgaH / vRttaratnAkara, 3/109 4. mau sagayuktau rukmavatIyam / / vR0 20, 3/105 6. jJeyAmattA mabha-sa-ga yuktA / / vR0 ra0, 3/106 8. syAdindravajA yadi tausajagau gaH, vR0 20, 3/114 2. neminirvANa, 7/13 5. neminirvANa, 7/10 7.neminirvANa, 7/11 9.neminirvANa,1/6

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nirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda * 141 (14) upendravajrA : isa chanda meM gyAraha varNa hote haiM aura kramazaH jagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa, aura do guru hote haiM / kAvyAtmaka varNanoM ke lie yaha upayogI vRtta hai / yathA ekaH prakRtyA jagato'nukUlaH prakAzamanyaH pratikUla eva / ataH sato'nApyasato'nuvRttau vizeSazAlI bhavati prayatnaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 56 navama sarga 56 trayodazasarga - 19, 29, 55, 58 (15) upajAti : yaha indravajrA aura upendravajrA kA mizrita rUpa hai / isameM eka, do yA tIna caraNa indravajrA yA upendravajrA ke hote haiM / isa prakAra upajAti aneka prakAra kI ho jAtI hai / 1. * upajAti buddhi : isa chanda meM cAroM pAdoM meM kramazaH indravajA, upendravajA, indravajA hote haiM / yathA - : zrInAbhisUnoH padapadmayugmanakhA sukhAni prathayantu te vaH / samaM namannAkiziraH kirITasaMghaTTavisrastamaNIyitaM yaiH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - - prathama sarga - trayodaza sarga - prathama sarga - 9, 28, 50, 77 trayodazasarga - 51, 74, 77 2. upajAtizAlA : isa chanda meM kramazaH indravajrA, indravajrA, upendravajA, hote haiM / yathA - niHzeSavidyezvaramAzrayAmi taM buddhihetorajitaM jinendram / avAdi sarvAnupaghAtavRttyA yenAgamaH saMgamitasthitArthaH / / 7 prayoga ke anya sthala - 16, 17, 23, 31, 36, 47 2, 3, 24, 39, 45, 52, 64, 65, 66, 71, 73 1. upendravajA jatajAstatogau - vR0 203 / 115 3. 'etayoH parayozca saMkara upajAti' etayoH - indravajopendravajayo 4. dra0 - vRttaratnAkara, upajAti para paMcikA, pR0 163, chandonuzAsana, 2 / 156 6. dra0 vRttaratnAkara, upajAti para paMcikA, pR0 161 indravajA 2. neminirvANa, 1/26 5. neminirvANa, 1/1 7. neminirvANa, 1/2

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142 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 3. upajAtivANI : isa chanda meM kramazaH indravajrA, upendravajrA, indravajrA, indravajA hote haiM / yathA - __ AdityacakreNa kRtakakAlapradakSiNaprakramaNena bhaktyA / lupteva nAlokyata yasya kAthacchAyA sa vaH pAtu jinastRtIyaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 4, 24, 41, 69 trayodaza sarga - 17, 32, 43, 62,80 4. upajAti ArdrA : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendravajA, indravajrA, indravajrA, upendravajA hote haiM / yathA - apArasaMsArasamudranAvaM deyAddayAluH sumatirmatiM naH / nityapriyAyogakRte yadante tapasyatIvAvirataM rathAGgaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 30, 38,60,74 trayodaza sarga - 30,69 5. upajAti rAmA : isa chanda meM kramazaH indravajrA, indravajrA, upendravajA, upendravajA hote haiM / yathA - svasti kriyAtsvastikalAJchaMno naH stambhAyamAnorubhujaH supArzvaH / viDambayAmAsa vilAsavezmazriyaM sadA yaHkaruNAtaruNyAH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 25, 32,43, 49 trayodaza sarga - 4, 5, 6,14, 22, 37, 49 6. upajAti mAyA : isa chanda meM kramazaH indravajA, indravajA, indravajA tathA upendravrajA hote haiM / yathA - mUrdhAmuhuzcumbitabhUtalena taM zItalaM devamahaM namAmi / yasminmanovartini sarvato'sau nivartate durgatiduHkha tApaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 13,15, 52, 55, 56 trayodaza sarga - 7,10,13,15,16, 25, 56 1. draSTavya - vRtta ralAkara, upajAti para paMcikA, pR0 160 2. neminirvANa, 1/3 3. vRttaralAkara pacikA, pR0163 4. neminirvANa, 1/5 5. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 164 6. neminirvANa, 1/7 7. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0161 8. neminirvANa,1/10

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda 143 7. upajAti kIrti : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendravajrA, indravajA, indravajA indravajA hote haiM / yathA - suvarNavarNadyutirastu bhUtyai zreyAnvibhurvo vinatAprasUtaH / uccastarAM yaH sugatiM dadAno viSNoH sadAnandayati sma cetaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 21, 35, 37, 44, 54, 61,70, 72,76 trayodaza sarga - 1, 40, 48, 81 8. upajAti bhadrA : isa chanda meM kramazaH indravajrA, upendravajrA, indravajA, upendravajA hote haiM / yathA - jyotirgaNaiH saMtatasevyamAnamanantamAkAzamiva stavImi / sUryAyate yatra vibhAvitAnaM nizAkaratyAnana maNDalaM ca / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathaga sarga - 40, 51,62,78 trayodaza sarga - 26, 61 9. upajAti haMsI : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendrapajA, indravajA, upendravajA, indravajA hotA hai / yathA - tapaH kuThArakSatakarmavallimallirjino vaH zriyamAtanotu / kuroH sutasyApi na yasya jAtaM duHzAsanatvaM bhuvanezvarasya / / 6 prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 33,71, 73 trayodaza sarga - 20, 21, 33, 34, 38, 68, 78 10. upajAti mAlA : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendravajrA, upendravajA, indravajrA, indravajrA hote haiM / yathA - vrate matiM zrImunisuvratAkhyastrikAlavidvo vidadhAtu tuSTaH / __ antarnirudhyAnna payaH pracAraM yenAtmadurgAdaricakramastam / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 42, 45, 57 trayodaza sarga - 9,12, 28, 36, 39, 41, 42, 46, 76 1. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 160 4. neminirvANa, 1/14 7. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0162 2. neminirvANa, 1/19 3. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 163 5. vRttaralAkara paMcikA, pR0 163 6. neminirvANa, 1/19 8. neminirvANa,1/20

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144 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 11. upajAti Rddhi : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendravajrA, indravajrA, upendravajrA, upendravajA hote haiM / yathA - guNapratItiH sujanAjjanasya doSeSvavajJA khalajilpateSu / ato dhruvaM neha mama prabandhe prabhUtadoSe'pyayazovakAzaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 53 trayodaza sarga - 8,57, 67 12. upajAti premA : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendravajA, upendravajA, indravajrA, upendravajA hote haiM / yathA - udanvatA nityavilolavIcI karopadiSTAbhinayakriyeva / prAsAdacUlAnihitaizcalabhinanarta yA ketubhujairajasram / / prayoga ke anya sthala - trayodaza sarga - 59,60,79 13. upajAti jAyA : isa chanda meM kramazaH upendravajrA, upendravajrA, upendravajA, indravajA hote haiM / yathA - bhaviSyatastIrthakarasya nemenimittamatyantamanoharatrIH / kRtiH surANAM sasurezvarANAM yA prApa saurIti tataH prasiddhim / / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 75, 81 trayodaza sarga - 18 14. upajAti bAlA : isa chanda meM kramazaH indravajrA, upendravajrA, upendravajrA, upendravajA hote haiM / yathA - sadralaralAkaracArukAJcI mahImivAnyAM yaduvazaMvandyaH / apAlayattAM vijayAbhidhAnaM nRpaH samudropapadaM dadhAnaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - trayodaza sarga - 27, 35 1. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 162 2. minirvANa, 1/27 3. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 161 4. neminirvANa, 1/46 5. vRtaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 161 6. minirvANa, 1/58 7. vRttaratnAkara paMcikA, pR0 162 8. minirvANa, 1/59

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145 neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda (16) amara vilasitAH yaha gyAraha varSoM kA chanda hai, jisameM kramazaH magaNa. bhagaNa, nagaNa tathA laghu guru hote haiM / yathA - gaurA nityabhramaravilasitA, navyAbdAnAM tatiratisarasA / eSA kSiptA khalu nagaguruNA, zaGke dRSTistvayi savikasanA / / / prayoga ke anya sthala - saptama sarga- 50 (17) strIH yaha gyAraha varSoM kA vRtta hai, isameM kramazaH bhagaNa, tagaNa, nagaNa, tathA 2 guru hote haiM / pAMcave tathA chaThe vargoM para yati hotI hai / yathA - __ bhavyajanAnAM viracitayatna prAzuMtaTorvIsthalakamaleSu / / gauravasImni kriyata ihovaiHpratyavabodho dinakara pAdaiH / / (18) rathoddhatAH yaha gyAraha varSoM kA chanda hai / kramazaH ragaNa, nagaNa, ragaNa, tathA eka laghu evaM eka guru hotA hai / yathA - mauktikena zucikAntizobhinA garbhavAsanibhRtena tena sA / sindhuzuktiriva zobhanIyatAM nIyate sma vasudhezacetasaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - caturtha sarga - 2 se 60 taka saptama sarga- 14 (19) zAlinIH zAlinI chanda ke pratyeka pAda meM gyAraha varNa hote haiM / ye kramazaH magaNa, do tagaNa tathA do guru ke rUpa meM hote haiM / cAra aura sAta para yati hotI hai / yathA pRthvInAthasyograsenasya putrI pAtraM kAnteH sArdhamantaHpureNa / tatrAyAtA krIDituM mAsi caitre nevAnandaM neminAthaM dadarza / / prayoga ke anya sthala - - saptama sarga - 29 ekAdaza sarga- 1 se 53 taka (20) acyutaH yaha chandaHzAstrIya pracalita granthoM meM anupalabdha hai / vAgbhaTa ne zloka meM ise acyuta nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai / isa vRtta meM 11 varNa hote haiM, jo kramazaH ragaNa tathA sagaNa tathA anta meM laghu guru hote hai / yathA - acyutaM vilasanmaNicakrakaH kAnanAvalibhAsuravigrahaH / rociSA haritena mahAnasau lokanAtha viDambayate nagaH / / 1. mbhaunlaugaH syAd bhramaravilasitA / vRttaratnAkara, 3122 2. minirvANa,7/49 3. paMcarasaiH svI bhavanagagaiH syAt / / vR0 ra0 3/123 4. minirvaNa,7/32 5. ronarAviha rathoddhatA lage, vR020 3/124 6. neminirvANa, 4/5 7. zAliyavratA tatagau gondhi laukeH |vR0 20, 3120 8. neminirvANa, 11/1 9. neminirvANa,7/41

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146 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana (21) vaMzasthaH yaha bAraha vargoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH jagaNa, tagaNa, jagaNa aura ragaNa hote haiM / yathA - pravizya zacyA zuci sUtikAgRhaM samarpya mAyAmayamanyamIdRzam / prabhuH karAbhyAM jagRhe'tha mAtRtaH kRtapraNAmAya varAya cArpitaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - paMcama sarga - 2 se 71 taka SaSTha sarga- 47 saptama sarga - 23 (22) dutavilimbitaH yaha bAraha varNo kA vRtta haiM / isameM kramazaH nagaNa, bhagaNa, bhagaNa tathA ragaNa ye cAra gaNa hote haiM / yathA - ___ atha mRgAMka ivAbhinavoditaH pratidinaM pRthitAvayavonnatiH / sa piturambunidheriva saMmadaM prathayati sma yatismaraNocitaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - SaSTha sarga - 2 se 45 taka, 49 saptama sarga - 47 (23) kusumavicitrAH yaha bAraha varNoM kA vRtta haiM / isameM kramazaH nagaNa, yagaNa, nagaNa tathA yagaNa hote haiM / yathA - iha parividdhA sumadanabANaiH kusumavicitrA taruvaravIthI / / navamadhumattaM madhupanikAyaM na khalu vibharti priyamiva neyam / / (24) sragviNI : yaha bAraha varNoM kA vRtta hai / isameM cAra ragaNa hote haiM / yathA atra nityasphuTatpuSpalIlAtarau kinnaradvandvasaMgItaramyegirau / kAnanAnyAgatA kA na divyA vadhUH sragviNI jAyate jAtacetobhavA / / (25) mauktikadAma : yaha chanda chandaHzAstrIya granthoM meM anupalabdha hai / vAgbhuTa ne zloka meM ise 'moktikadAma' nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai / isameM bAraha varNa hote haiM tathA kramazaH (cAra bhagaNa) bhagaNa, bhagaNa, bhagaNa, bhagaNa hote haiM / yathA bhasmarajaH parikalpitabhaktikabhadragajendra ivAyamasaMnibha / bhAti pumAniva nirmalamauktimadAma dadhatsaridAvalibhirnanu / / 1. jatau tu vaMzastha mudIritaM jaga, vR0 20, 3/132 2. neminirvANa, 5/1 3. drutavilambitamAha nabhau bharI, vR0 ra0, 3/49 4. neminirvANa, 6/1 5. nayasahitau nyau kusumavicitrA / vR0 20, 3/138 6. neminirvANa, 7/27 7. raizcaturbhiryutA sragviNI sammatA / / vR0 20, 3/143 . 8. neminirvANa, 7/39 9. neminirvANa, 7/30

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda 147 (26) tAmarasa : yaha bAraha varSoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH nagaNa, jagaNa, jagaNa aura yagaNa hote haiM / yathA - navamadhupadvayavikramasajjaM yaduvara saurabharAji tavedam / / pratinadi tAmarasaM mukharAgaM kalayati cArudalAdharalekham / / (27) pramitAkSarA : yaha bAraha varNoM kA chanda hai / isa chanda meM kramazaH sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa tathA sagaNa hote haiM / yathA - atha manmathajvalanavRddhividhAviva sarpirarpitamanaH pramadam / vizadaM sugandhi sarasaM ziziraM madhu pAtumArabhata kAmijanaH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - saptama sarga - 24, 25, 26 dazama sarga - 2 se 44 taka (28) bhujaMga prayAta : isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM bAraha varNa hote haiM / kramazaH cAra yagaNa ho jAne para bAraha akSara ho jAte haiM / yathA - "ihoccAvacagrAvavaiSamyaneyapracArAH prabho bibhrataH svAdu toyam / dhunInAM bhujaGgaprayAtaM pravAhA dadhatyAzu bhaGgaM vajantaH suvAyau / / (29) priyaMvadA : isa chanda meM kramazaH nagaNa, bhagaNa, jagaNa, ragaNa hote haiM / yathA naravareha ratigehasaMnibhaM jaladajAlakanibhAzmasundaram / / idamupetya. taTamurvazI kathAM ktinute saha suraiH priyaMvadAm / / (30) toTaka : isa chanda meM cAra sagaNa hote haiM / yathA - samakAJcanaloSTamanunmana sakalendriyanigrahabaddharasam / jina toTakamAgamanasya bhave zirasaiSa bibharti tapasvigaNam / / (31) rucirA : yaha teraha-teraha varNoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH jagaNa, bhagaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa aura guru hote haiM / isake cauthe tathA naveM varNa ke bAda yati hotI hai / yathA - athaikadA sadasi digantarAgatairupAsitaH kSitipatibhirmahIpatiH / nabhastalAdavanitalAnusAriNIH surAGganAH saH kila dadarza vismitaH / / 2 1. itivad tAmarasaM najajAdyaH / vR020 3/153 3. pramitAkSara sajasasaivaditA / vR0 20, 3/145 5. bhujaMgaprayAtaM bhaved vaizcaturthiH / vR0 20, 3/140 7. bhUvibhavenabhajaraiH priyambadA / vR0 20, 3/142 9. ihateTakamambudhi saiH pramitam / / vR0ra0, 3134 11. kutuheraha rucisa yosvagaH / vR0 20, 3/156 2. neminirvANa, 7/31 4. neminirvANa,10/1 6. neminirvANa, 7/19 8. neminirvaNa,7/28 10. minirvANa,7/33 12. neminirvaNa, 2/1

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148 prayoga ke anya sthala - dvitIya sarga - 2 se 59 taka, saptama sarga - 21 (32) nandinI : nandinI teraha varNoM kA chanda hai, jisameM kramazaH sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa aura eka guru hotA hai / ise hI sunandinI bhI kahA jAtA hai / yathA - atithIbhavantamatha taM vasukSaye zirasA babhAra ravimastabhUdharaH / upakAriNAM svayamaho mahasvinAmupakartumantaramatIva durlabham / / zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam H eka adhyayana - prayoga ke anya sthala - saptama sarga: 37 navama sarga - I (33) candrikA: yaha teraha varNoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH nagaNa, nagaNa, tagaNa ragaNa tathA guru hote haiM / isameM sAtaveM tathA chaThe varNoM para yati hotI hai / yathAnalinanayananirgAminirjharodhapratimarucibhirahnAM kSayeSu nUnam / vrajati bahulatAmIza candrikAtra pratimitamaNisAnUttharazmipUgaiH / / (34) maMjubhASiNI : chanda kI sArthakatA nAma se pratIta hotI hai / isameM sundara zabdoM va manohara bhAvoM kA prayoga hotA hai / isa chanda meM kramazaH sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa tathA do guru hote haiM / " yathA 2 se 55 taka - janasya ceto bhavavikAramuddhataM samarpayantI madhukelinAdajam / gajendragAminniha hi maJjubhASiNI pikI sadAnityasahakArakora / / (35) mattamayUra : isa chanda meM kramazaH maMgaNa, tagaNa, yagaNa, sagaNa tathA guru hotA hai| isake cauthe, naveM varNoM para yati hotI hai / yathA mArtaNDArisyA (zyA) malasatkAmbudajAtau zailAdhIze nirmalanAnAguNakA / sadyaH puSpAmodaguNAnandita bhRGgaM kiM kiM nAsminmattamUyaraM vanamIza / / " (36) vasantatilakA : isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH tagaNa, bhagaNa tathA do jagaNa aura do guru hote haiM / " kAzyapa muni ne ise 'siMhonnatA' kahA hai / saitava muni ne 'udghArSiNI' tathA piMgala ne madhumAdhavI kahA hai / yathA - abhyullasannayanavAriruhasmitAyAH, svapnAntarAtizayadarzanavismitAyAH / tasyAH puraH pariNatArthapadairvacaubhiH, zyAmA virAmamiti kAciduvAca devI / / " - 1. sajasA jagau yadi tadA sunandinI / vR0 203 / 158 kI pAdaTippaNI 3. nanataragurubhizcandrikAzvartubhiH / / vR0 20, 3 / 159 sajasA jagau bhavati maJjubhASiNI / / vR0 10, 3/158 7. vedairanyaimrto ya sa gA mattamayUram / / vR0 20, 3/157 uktA vasantatilakA tabhajAjagaugaH / vR0 20, 3 / 164 9. 2. neminirvANa, 9/1 4. neminirvANa, 7/34 6. neminirvANa, 7/35 8. neminirvANa, 7/36 10. neminirvANa, 3/1

Page #163
neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda 149 prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 82 tRtIya sarga - 2 se 43 taka SaSTha sarga - 50,51 saptama sarga - 51, 52, 53, 54, 55 dazama sarga - 45 ekAdaza sarga - 54, 55 dvAdaza sarga - 70 caturdaza sarga - 47 paMcadaza sarga - 85 (37) azokamAlinI : yaha chanda chandaHzAstrIya pracalita granthoM meM anupalabdha hai| vAgbhaTa ne zloka meM ise azokamAlinI nAma se ullikhita kiyA haiM yaha caudaha vargoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH jagaNa, ragaNa, jagaNa, ragaNa, tathA laghu aura guru hote haiM / yathA - jalorasisthapadma patrakaJdhukaM vapU, rasAkulaM vahatyasausphuratsitadvijam / azokamAlinI nadI yathA vadhUrvarA, lasadruNaughalohitAMzukAvRtAnvagam / / (38) praharaNakalikA : jisa chanda ke cAroM pAdoM meM kramazaH do nagaNa, eka bhagaNa, eka nagaNa, eka laghu aura eka guru hotA hai / use praharaNakalikA kahate haiM / yathA anukRtaviSamapraharaNakalikA, kSitiruhanivahaiH parilasadavanau / bhanikarasadRzadyutiranuvipinaM, lasati suvizadA bahuriha hi nage / / (39) mAlinI : jisa chanda ke pratyeka pAda meM kramazaH do nagaNa, eka magaNa tathA do yagaNa hoM to vaha 'mAlinI' chanda hotA hai / isameM ATha aura sAta para yati hotI hai / yathA dviradakarajalArdradvAramAcAranamra, kSitipalulitahArasvastikaiH svastiyuktam / taralatanayazUnyaprAGgaNaM vIkSamANo, bhavanamavaninAtha : kAnanaM so'tha mene / / / prayoga ke anya sthala - ___ caturtha sarga - 62 saptama sarga - 12 - paMcama sarga - 72 aSThama sarga - 80 (40) zazikalikA : isakA nAma zazikalA bhI milatA hai / yaha 15 varNoM kA vRtta hai / jisameM kramazaH cAra nagaNa aura eka sagaNa hote haiM / yathA - ___ iha vasati vipulaguNamaNiravanau, vijalajalapaTaladharadhavalatanau / satatasaridanukRtasuvikaTajaTe, dharaNibhRti giriza iva zazikalikA / / (41) zaramAlA : yaha chanda chandaH zastrIya pracalita granthoM meM anupalabdha hai / vAgbhaTa ne zloka meM ise zaramAlA nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai / yaha 16 varNoM kA vRtta hai, jisameM 1. neminirvANa, 3/2 2. neminirvANa, 7/38 3. nanabhanalagiti praharaNakalikA / vR0 ra0, 3.163 4 . neminirvANa. 7/48 nanamayayayaneyaM mAlinI bhogiloke / vara0.3/1916 neminirvANa,183 dristAvalaparavargAta zazikalA / / dR0 ra0, 3/168 8. neminirvANa, 7/12

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150 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kramazaH cAra bhagaNa, eka sagaNa tathA eka guru hotA hai / yathA - bhUtanikAyazubhaprada merugirisanAbhau, kAnanarAjibhiratra hi manmathazaramAlA / zazvadIritakorakavIthibhirurudeva, premaNi saMdhiyate'lisapicchanikarakAyA / / (42) hariNI : isa chanda meM chaH, cAra aura sAta para yati hotI hai / kramazaH nagaNa, sagaNa, magaNa, ragaNa, sagaNa, laghu tathA guru hote hai / yathA - iti hRdi yadA svapnazreNImacintitadarzanAM, kalayati kila kSoNIbhartuH priyA priyasaMyamA / rajanivirativyAkhyAdakSastadA katagItibhiH, surayuvatibhirbhUyo bhUyo'pyatADyata dundubhiH / / prayoga ke anya sthala - saptama sarga - 15,16 (43) pRthvI : jisake pratyeka pAda meM jagaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, yagaNa evaM laghu guru ho, vaha pRthvI kahA jAtA hai / yathA - svakAntijalamaNDalaprathitabudabudabhrAntibhiH, sitairasitarazmibhirbahalazaivalollAsibhiH / nabhastalanipAtibhirvasubhirAbabhAse bhRzaM, sarovaramivAyataM nRpatinAthahAjiram / / prayoga ke anya sthala - saptama sarga - 18 ekAdaza sarga - 58 caturdaza sarga - 48 (44) zikhariNI : yaha satraha varNoM kA chanda hotA hai / isameM kramazaH yagaNa, magaNa, nagaNa, sagaNa, bhagaNa tathA laghu guru hote haiM / yathA - yadUnAmuttaMsa tridazaparicaryoktamahima, nsadaivAsmindAvajvalanamatidUratrasadibhama / lasadvidyuddAmA prazamayati saMtApitanugaM, payodhArAsArairnavajaladamAlA zikhariNI / / " prayoga ke anya sthala - trayodaza sarga - 84 (45) mandAkAntA : isa chanda ke pratyeka caraNa meM kramazaH magaNa, magaNa, nagaNa, tagaNa, tagaNa tathA do guru hote haiM / isa prakAra satraha varNa hote haiM / cAra, chaH aura sAta para yati hotI hai / yathA mohonmuktapratibhacamarI pucchasaMmArjitorvI, bhavyAbhAse sumahati girAvatra citrArthasAnau / dvau candrArkAvapi ramayate puSpavarSeNa mandA, krAntAvAtaiH kSitirUhatatiH krAntaparyantazrRGgaH // (46) zArdUlavikrIDita : isa chanda meM kramazaH magaNa, sagaNa, jagaNa, sagaNa, tagaNa, tagaNa, evaM guru hote haiM / bAraha aura sAta para yati hotI hai / yathA - kAmaM saMghaTiteSTakAntavibhave rAjattulAkoTike, protuGagastanayugmahemakalaze tatkAyadevAlaye / taM devaM vihitAvatAramacirAdAgatya sendrAH surAH sarve nemuranartipurjaguraguvaitAlikatvaM puraH / 11 neminirvANa,7/40 neminirvANa, 2/60 5. neminirvANa, 3/47 7. neminirvANa, 7/6 9. neminirvANa, 7/22 19. neminirvANa, 3/46 2. rasayugahayainsau prauslaugo yadA hariNI tadA / vR0 20, 3/181 4. jasaujasayalAvasugrahayatizca pRthvI guruH / / vR0 20, 3/179 6. rasairudaizchinnAyamanasabhalA gaH zikhariNI / / vR0 ra0, 3/178 8. mandAkrAntAjaladhiSaDagambhI natau tAd guru cet / vR0 20, 3/182 10. sUryozvairmasajastatAH saguravaH zArdUlavikrIDitam / vR0 20, 3/101

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : chanda 151 prayoga ke anya sthala - saptama sarga - 45 navama sarga - 57 dazama sarga - 46 (47) sragdharA H sragdharA 21 varNoM kA vRtta hai / isameM kramazaH magaNa, ragaNa, bhagaNa, nagaNa tathA tIna yagaNa hote haiM / sAta-sAta varNoM para yati hotI hai / yathA - AgatyAgatya puSpastabakazatapataGgagabhArAvanamra, bhartaH kAntArametadbakulaviTapinAM preritA manmathena / divyastrI sragdharAsminna bhavati katamA prApya puSpAvacAyaM, / zrAntasvedodabinduprakaraharaparA mandamandAravAyau / / 2 prayoga ke anya sthala - tRtIya sarga - 45 (48) caNDa vRSTi : jisa chanda meM kramazaH do nagaNa aura sAta ragaNa hote haiM, use caNDavRSTi yA caNDavRSTi-prayAta nAmaka daNDaka chanda kahA gayA hai / / 26 akSaroM se adhika akSaroM vAle chanda ko daNDaka chanda kahate haiM / yathA - kaThinagavalakajjalazyAmalazrIbhRtAmadbhutairdhAtubhirdhAjamAnAvanau, ravabharakalitA bRhanmardalADambarANAM tatastokapuSpaughalIlAtarau / kanakanikaSabhAsvarAkAravidyullatAmaNDitAnAmamuSpinvizAle girau, vibudhamithunakairguhAsu sthitairnIyate caNDavRSTirghanAnAM kvaNantumbarau / / (49) viyoginI : jisa chanda ke viSama arthAt prathama aura tRtIya caraNa meM sagaNa sagaNa, jagaNa aura guru ho tathA sama arthAt dvitIya aura caturtha caraNa meM sagaNa, bhagaNa, ragaNa, laghu aura guru ho to viyoginI chanda hotA hai / yathA - atha tatra nivartya dikpatInsa surendrAnanuyAyinaH prabhuH / pRthvIbhRti muktivartinI maNisopAna ivAruroha saH / / 6 prayoga ke anya sthala - caturdaza sarga - 2 se 46 (50) puSpitAgrA : jisa ke viSama pAdoM meM do nagaNa, ragaNa aura yagaNa aura sama pAdoM meM nagaNa, do jagaNa, ragaNa aura eka guru hotA hai aise arddhasama chanda ko puSpitAgrA chanda kahate haiM / yathA - atha nRpatirupetaharSapUraH puri parito'pi mahotsavAnvidhAtum / sadasi samupavizya sevyamAnaH kSitipagaNena sa daNDinaM dideza / / 1. praznairyAnAM trayeNa trimaniyatiyatA sragdharA kIrtitayama 1 va0 20.3/194 2 . neminirvANa, 7/20 3. yadihanayugalaM tataH saptarephastadA caNDavRSTiprayAto bhaveddaNDakaH / vR0 20, 3/204 / neminirvANa, 7/46 5. vipameyadi sau jagau same sabharAlau ca tadA viyoginI / chandomaMjarI, 3/6 neminirvANa, 14/1 7. ayuji nagarephato yakAro yuji ca najau jaragAzca puSSitAmA / vR0 ra0,4/218 8. neminirvANa, 3/44 x u

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minirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa alaMkAra alaMkAra zabda kI racanA alaM + kR + a dhAtu evaM pratyaya ke saMyoga se huI hai / usakA artha hai 'sajAvaTa' / alaMkAra zabda meM alaM tathA kAra do zabda haiN| jisakA artha haijo alaMkRta kare, vaha alaMkAra hai / 'alaMkarotIti alaMkAra:' athavA 'alaMkriyate anenetyalaMkAraH / kAvyazAstra meM bhI isakA yahI artha grahaNa kiyA gayA hai| zabda aura artha kAvya ke zarIra haiM, rasa AtmA aura alaMkAra kaTaka kuNDala kI bhAMti kAvya ko alaMkRta karate haiM / ye kAvya ke utkarSAdhAyaka tattva haiM / daNDI ne kahA hai- " kAvyazobhAkarAn dharmAnalaMkArAn pracakSyate" / mammaTa ne alaMkAra kA svarUpa nirdhAraNa karate huye rasa kA upakArI dharma mAnA hai| AcArya vizvanAtha ne spaSTa paribhASA dete hue kahA hai zabdArthayorasthirA ye dharmAH zobhAtizAyinaH / rasAdInupakurvanto'laMkArAsteGgadAdivat / / 2 arthAt jaise agaMda Adi AbhUSaNa manuSya zarIra ke saundarya kI abhivRddhi karate haiM, vaise hI anuprAsa Adi alaMkAra zabda aura artha ke saundarya kI abhivRddhi karate hue rasa bhAva Adi ke prakAzana meM sahAyatA pradAna karate haiM / adhyAya - tIna (gha) - AcArya bhAmaha 'zabda aura artha ke vaicitrya' ko alaMkAra kahate haiM / vAmana ne to spaSTa rUpa se kaha diyA hai- "saundaryamalaMkAraH" / 3 rAjazekhara to upakAraka hone ke kAraNa alaMkAra ko veda ke Sar3agoM ke atirikta sAtavAM aGga mAnate haiM / "upakArakatvAdalaMkAraH saptamamaGgamiti yAyAvarIyaH" / dhvanivAdI AcArya alaMkAroM ko. kAvya ke asthira dharma mAnate haiM / sabhI paribhASAoM meM vizvanAtha kI paribhASA zreyaskara hai| kyokiM zabda aura artha donoM ko hI kAvya kA zarIra mAnA gayA hai, ataH una donoM ke zobhAvardhaka dharma alaMkAroM ko bhI do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai 1. kAvyAdarza dvitIya pariccheda-1 3. kAvyAlaMkArasUtra, 1/2 1. zabdAlaMkAra 2. arthAlaMkAra alaMkAroM kA yaha vibhAjana zabdaparivRtyasahiSNutva aura zabda parivRttisahiSNutva ke AdhAra kiyA gayA hai arthAta jahA~ zabdoM ke badala dene se alaMkAra kI camatkRti samApta ho 2. sAhitya darpaNa, 10 / 1 4. kAvyamImAMsA, dvitIya adhyAya, pR0 6

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : alaMkAra 153 jAye vahA~ zabdAlaMkAra aura zabdoM ke badala dene para alaMkAra kI camatkRti meM antara na Aye vahA~ arthAlaMkAra hotA hai| neminirvANa meM varNanoM tathA bhAvoM ko prabhAvotpAdaka aura manorama banAne ke liye tathA rasoM kI paramparA banAye rakhane ke liye donoM prakAra ke alaMkAroM kA sanniveza huA hai| vAgbhaTa ne vibhinna AyAmoM vividha rUpoM ko prakaTa karane ke hetu vividha alaMkAroM ke dvArA manorama, saundaryavarddhaka citroM ko apanI lekhanI meM saMjokara unako kAvya meM bhinna-bhinna prakAra se citrita kara apane alaMkAra-kauzala ko prakaTa kiyA hai / zabdAlaMkAra neminirvANa kAvya meM zabdAlaMkAra ke antargata anuprAsa, yamaka, zleSa evaM citrAlaMkAroM kA saMyojana kiyA gayA hai / anuprAsa kI zobhA, yamaka kI manoramatA, zleSa kI saMyojanA aura citrAlaMkAroM kI vicitratA sahaja hI pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko alaukika Anandavarddhana karAtI anuprAsa: anuprAsa vaha alaMkAra hai jahA~ para svaroM kA vaisAdRzya hone para bhI zabda athavA varNo kA sAdRzya hotA hai / anuprAsa kI camatkRtipUrNa saMyojanA meM vAgbhaTa atyanta kuzala haiM / neminirvANa meM aneka sthaloM para anuprAsa kI chaTA dekhane ko milatI hai aura saMgIta dhvani ke hetu alaMkAroM kI yojanA aneka sandarbho meM huI hai / dUsare sarga meM devAGganAoM kA AkAzamArga se utaranA vitanvatIrviyati virAjibhirmukhairvibhAvarI vibhunikurUmbaDambaram / vivRNvatIriva bhaNikiGkaNIravaM smaradvipa sahacaramAtmanaH sphuTam / / tRtIya sarga ke prAyaH sabhI padyoM meM anuprAsa kI chaTA dekhane ko milatI hai - kallolinIpatirivAtigabhIravRttiH siMhAsanaM yadukulIyamalaMkariSNuH / vaimAnikaiH satatasaMbhRtabharibhaktinAMgAlaye zazimukhImukhagItakIrtiH / / yahA~ para "vitanvatIrviyativirAjibhimukhairvibhAvarIvibhuni" meM vakAra kI AvRti ko sundara yojanA kI gaI hai / isI taraha dUsare padya ke la, ta aura kha meM anuprAsa hai / isI prakAra ke aneka udAharaNa anya bhI neminirvANa meM dekhe jA sakate haiM / anuprAsa ke anya sthala -- prathama sarga - 19, 76 dvitIya sarga 2, 9, 36, 42 tRtIya sarga - 34, 3 1. neminirvANa, 2/3, 3/42 2. vo, 3/45

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana sArthaka para bhinnArthaka pAda, pada aura varNoM kI usI krama se saMyukta yA asaMyukta punarAvRtti ko 'yamaka' kahate haiN| yaha yamaka zloka ke Adi meM ho sakatA hai, madhya meM ho sakatA hai aura anta meM ho sakatA hai / isa prakAra yamaka ke nimna bheda mAne gaye haiM - yamaka 154 yamaka pAdagata saMyukta Adimata madhyagata antagata asaMyukta padagata varNagata saMyukta Adigata madhyagata antagata Adigata madhyagata antagata saMyukta Adigata madhyagata antagata Adigata isa prakAra yamaka ke 18 bheda mAne gaye hai / 'pAda' zloka ke caturthAza ko kahate haiM / 'pada' vibhaktiyukta zabda ko kahate haiM / 2 1. syAtpAdapadavarNAnAmAvRttiH suMyutAyutA / yamakaM - vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda zloka 42 3. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 51 asaMyukta Adigata madhyagata antagata asaMyukta + madhyagata antagata "neminirvANa" meM kavi ne bhinnArthaka varNoM kI AvRtti kara yamaka kI yojanA vibhinna bhedoM meM kI hai / neminirvANa ke pahale, chaThe, sAtaveM tathA terahaveM sarga meM yamaka yojanA kI gaI hai / jo nimna prakAra hai - ayutAvRttimUlakaH- dUsare pAda kI AvRti caturtha pAda meM ho aura ina donoM ke bIca meM tRtIya pAda A jAne se "ayutAvRttimUlaka dvitIya cAturtha pAda" yamaka hotA hai / 3 "neminirvANa" ke nimna zloka meM yaha yamaka dRSTigocara hotA hai amaranagarasmerAkSINAM prapaMJcayati sphura - tsuratarucaye kurvANAnAM balakSama raMhasama / iha saha surairAyAntInAM nareza nage'nvahaM suratarucaye kurvANAnAM valakSamaraM hasam // he parAkramI rAjan ! kalpataru se bhare-pUre isa parvata kI usa manorama bhUmi ko dekhiye jo bANavRkSoM se bharI par3I hai| yaha ekAnta kintu cittAkarSaka sthAna nityaprati devatAoM ke sAtha svargaloka se AnevAlI surAMganAoM kI saMbhogAbhilASA ko ukasA detA hai / bhinnavAcyAnAmAdimadhyAntagocaram // 2. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 49 4. neminirvANa, 7/16

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : alaMkAra 155 yahA~ dUsare pAda kI AvRtti caturtha pAda meM hai aura ina donoM ke bIca meM tRtIya pAda A jAne se yahA~ para ayutAvRttimUlaka dvitIya caturtha pAda yamaka alaMkAra hai / ___ mahAyamaka : jahA~ prathama pAda kI AvRtti, dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha pAda meM ho, vahA~ mahAyamaka hotA hai / neminirvANa ke isa zloka meM mahAyamaka alaMkAra hai, jo bar3A hI manohara bana par3A hai - rambhArAmA kurabakamalArambhArAmA kurabakakamalA / rambhA rAmAkuravaka kamalArambhArAmAkuravakakamalA / / he rakSaka! kadalI vana kI vaha bhUmi atyanta ramaNIya hai, kyoMki usameM kamaloM kA samUha hai, sundara kurabaka vRkSoM kA kuMja hai, manohAriNI sundariyA~ haiM, bakapaMkti se rahita nirmala evaM ramaNIka jalarAzi hai aura manohara zabda karane vAlA hariNayUtha bhI hai / isa zloka meM prathama pAda kI AvRtti dvitIya, tRtIya aura caturtha pAda meM hai, ataeva yaha 'mahAyamaka' alaMkAra hai / madhyama yamaka : __ saMyutAvRttimUlaka madhyamapada yamaka : jahA~ Adi madhya padoM kI vyavadhAna rahita AvRtti ho vahA~ saMyutAvRttimUlaka yamaka hotA hai / neminirvANa ke nimna zloka meM isa yamaka kA nirvAha huA hai - nemirvizAlanayano nayanoditazrIrabhrAntabuddhivibhavo vibhavo'tha bhUyaH / prAptastadeti nagarAnagarAji tatra sUtena cAru jagade jagadekanAthaH / / ' saMsAra ke ekamAtra svAmI dIrghanayana svAmI neminAtha jI, jinhoMne apanI nIti se dhanopArjana kiyA aura jinakA aizvarya sadaiva sthita rahane vAlA hai tathA jo janma-maraNa Adi se yukta saMsAra-cakra se pare haiM, veM jaba sArathI dvArA nagara se parvata para le jAye gaye to sArathI ne unase bAra-bAra sundara vacana meM kahA yahA~ nayano, jagade aura vibhavo Adi madhya padoM kI vyavadhAna rahita AvRtti se 'saMyutAvRttimUlakamadhyapada yamaka' hai / anta yamaka : saMyutAvRttimUlaka antapada yamaka : jahA~ anta padoM kI AvRtti ho vahA~ saMyutAvRttimUlaka anta pada yamaka hotA hai / neminirvANa ke nimna zloka meM yaha dekhA jA sakatA hai - yadupAntikeSu saralAH saralA yadanUccalanti hariNA hariNAH / tadidaM vibhAti kamalaM kamalaM mudametya yatra paramApa ramA / / / 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 56 2. neminirvANa, 7/50 3. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 54 4. neminirvANa, 6/51 5. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 546 . neminirvANa, 7/25

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156 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana ahA! kitanI manohAriNI hai yaha jalarAzi / isake kinAre para sIdhe sIdhe dhUpa ke (kASTha vizeSa) vRkSa khar3e huye haiM / yahA~ hariNa vAyu ke samAna tIvra vega se daur3ate haiM aura yahA~ para lakSmI bhI kamaloM meM sthAna pAkara harSollAsa se bhara jAtI hai| ___ isa padya meM saralA, hariNA aura paramA Adi padoM kI AvRtti se yahA~ saMyutAvRttimUlaka anta yamaka hai| Adi yamaka alaMkAra : cAroM padoM ke Adi meM eka pada kI AvRtti ho aura ye pada Apasa meM dUra-dUra hoM to "ayutAvRttimUlaka Adiyamaka" alaMkAra hotA hai / yathA neminirvANa meM - kAntArabhUmau pikakAminInAM kAM tAravAcaM kSamate sma soDhum / kAntA rateze'dhvani vartamAne kAntAravindasya madhoH praveze / / 2 jaba kisI sundarI kA pati paradeza meM ho, (usake pAsa na ho) caitra mAsa, kamala aura vasantAdi uddIpaka upakaraNoM se sajakara A jAe, to vaha becArI vana pradeza meM kala kuMjana karane vAlI kokilA kI U~cI tAna ko suna sakane meM kaise samartha ho sakatI hai? (vaha to viraha se taDapa uThegI / / isa zloka ke cAroM pAdoM ke Adi meM 'kAntAra' pada kI AvRtti hai aura ye sabhI pada eka dUsare se dUra haiM / ataH- yaha "ayutAvRttimUlaka Adipada yamaka" hai| antayamaka alaMkAraH- caraNa ke anta meM Ane vAlI pada kI bAra-bAra AvRtti hone se 'ayutAvRttimUlaka antayamaka' hotA hai / yathA neminirvANa meM - bhUriprabhAnirjitapuSpadantaH karAyatinyakkRtapuSpadantaH / / trikAlasevAgatapuSpadantaH zreyAMsi no yacchatu puSpadantaH / / isa udAharaNa meM caraNa ke anta meM Ane vAle 'puSpadanta' pada kI bAra bAra AvRtti hone se yahA~ para 'ayutAvRttimUlaka antapadayamaka' alaMkAra hai| ayutAvRttiAdimadhyagocarayamaka : jahA~ Adi pAda kI AvRtti bhinnArthaka tRtIya pAda meM huI ho tathA unake bIca meM dvitIya pAda A jAne se vyavaccheda utpanna ho jAtA hai, vahA~ 'ayutAvRttimUlaka AdimadhyapAda yamaka' hotA hai / yathA nemi nirvANa meM - madhureNadRzAM cakre zazinA mAnaviplavam / ___ madhureNa dRzAM cakre manmathajvalitAtmani / / yahA~ Adi pAda kI AvRtti bhinnArthaka tRtIya pAda meM huI hai, jisase bIca meM dvitIya pAda A jAne vyavaccheda utpanna ho gayA hai / 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 54 3. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 55 55. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 51 2. neminirvANa, 6/46 4. neminirvANa, 1/9 6. neminirvANa, 6/48

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minirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : alaMkAra 157 pAdadvayAntyayamaka : pUrvArddhagata tathA uttarArddhagata antagata padoM kI AvRtti ko 'ayutAvRttimUlaka pratyardhabhAga bhinna pAdadvayAntyayamaka' kahate haiM / jahurvasante sarasIM na vAraNA babhuH pikAnAM madhurA navA raNAH / rasaM na kA mohanakovidAra kaM vilokayantI bakulAnvidArakam / / 2 basanta Rtu meM hAthiyoM ne sarovaroM ko nahIM chor3A / kokila kUjana ne navIna zobhA ko dhAraNa kiyA / kisa kAmazAstra - pravINa nAyikA ne maulazrI ke vRkSoM ko dekhakara viraha-vyathA kA anubhava nahIM kiyA athavA kisa kAmAturA nAyikA ne apane pati - prema kA Ananda nahIM lUTA / 1 yahA~ para pUrvArddhagata 'navAraNA' aura uttarArddhagata 'vidArakam ' antagata padoM kI AvRtti se 'ayutAvRtittamUlaka pratyardhabhAga bhinnapAdAnta gatapadayamaka' hai / dvitIyapAdacaturthapAdAntayamaka : jahA~ zloka ke donoM caraNoM ke anta meM pada kI AvRtti ho to vahA~ ayutAvRttimUlaka padyArddhAntyabhAgagata padayamaka' hotA hai / yathA neminirvANa I meM vadhaM vidhatte yadi jAtu janturalaM tapodAnavidhAnayanaiH / tameva cennAdriyate kadAcidalaM tapodAnavidhAnayatnaiH / / isa zloka meM donoM caraNoM ke anta meM 'tapodAnavidhAnayanaiH' pada kI AvRtti hai / ataH 'ayutAvRttimUlakapadyArddhAntyabhAgagatapadayamaka' hai / yamaka alaMkAra ke prayoga ke anya sthala - SaSTha sarga - 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 47, 48, 49, 51 saptama sarga - 16, 25 zleSa : do yA adhika artha jahA~ zliSTa (cipake) nibaddha rahate haiM, vahA~ zleSa alaMkAra kA camatkAra dikhAI par3atA hai / neminirvANa ke prathama sarga ke gyArahaveM zloka meM zleSa alaMkAra kA acchA udAharaNa prastuta hai - suvarNavarNadyutirastu bhUtyai zreyAnvibhurvo vinatAprasUtaH / uccaistarAM yaH sugatiM dadAno viSNoH sadAnandayati sma cetaH // 5 1. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 57 3. vAnbhaTAlaMkAra caturtha pariccheda, pR0 57 5. neminirvANa, 1/11 2. neminirvANa, 6/47 4. neminirvANa 13/19

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158 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana (jinake zarIra kI kAnti suvarNa ke samAna ujjvala thI, jo bhakta puruSoM ko svarga-apavarga Adi uttama gati ko dene vAle the tathA jo svasamAna kAlika nArAyaNa ke citta (viSNu) ko sadA prasanna kiyA karate the, ve vinatA mAtA ke putra zreyAMsanAtha bhagavAn tuma sabako vibhUti pradAna kreN|) isa padya kA zleSa se dUsarA artha - (jisake zarIra kI AbhA suvarNa ke samAna pItavarNa hai, jo vibhu hai, zreyAn- kalyANarUpa hai / ucca AkAza meM sundara gamana ko detA huA zrIkRSNa ke citta ko Anandita karatA huA vaha vinatAsuta - vainateya garuDa tuma sabako vibhUti dene vAlA ho) zleSa ke prayoga ke anya sthala - dvAdaza sarga - 7,44, 46 arthAlaMkAra vAgbhaTa ne jahA~ eka ora anuprAsa Adi zabdAlaMkAra kI camatkRti pUrNa saMyojanA kI hai, vahIM dUsarI ora upamA, utprekSA Adi arthAlaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se varNanIya viSayoM kI maMjula abhivyaMjanA bhI prastuta kara apane pANDitya kA paricaya diyA hai| neminirvANa meM upamA, utprekSA, sandeha, rUpaka, parisaMkhyA, samAsokti, udAharaNa, sahokti, virodhAbhAsa Adi alaMkAroM kA AhlAdaka evaM manorama prayoga huA hai / ina alaMkAroM ke prayoga meM kavi ko kahA~ taka saphalatA prApta huI, yaha prastuta alaMkAroM ke udAharaNoM se jAnA jA sakatA hai| upamA : do bhinna padArthoM ke sAdharmya ko upamAna-upameya bhAva se varNana karanA upamA alaMkAra kahalAtA hai| upamA alaMkAra sabase pradhAna hai, yaha arthAlaMkAroM meM sAdRzyamUlaka alaMkAroM kA AdhAra hai / bhAvoM dvArA kalpanA ko jitanI adhika preraNA prApta hotI hai / upamAna yojanA utanI hI sArthaka siddha hotI hai / kavi vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa meM aneka sthaloM para upamA alaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai / inhoMne upamAnoM kA cayana prakRti, dRzya jagat, purANa aura itihAsa se kiyA hai / unakI upamA meM saralatA, sundaratA evaM svAbhAvikatA sahaja hI jhalakatI hai / yathA

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159 neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : alaMkAra prastuta padya meM 22 veM tIrthaGkara kisa prakAra ke hoMge, use upamA dvArA spaSTa kiyA gayA hai - dantIva bhUritaradAnavirAjamAno dhA dhuraM kalayituM vRSavatpragalbhaH / tejodhikaH sakalajantuSu kesarIva lakSmyA svayaMvara vidhAvupakIrNamAlyaH / / yahA~ para dantIva - arthAt (bhAvI putra) gaja ke samAna bhUritara dAna se yukta hogA jisa prakAra hAthI ke mada se dAnavAri nikalatA hai, nirantara dAna jala-madajala jharatA rahatA hai / usI prakAra putra dAnI hogA / dUsarI upamA kesarIva arthAt siMha ke samAna tejasvI hogA, siMha jisa prakAra parAkramazAlI hotA hai usI prakAra ke parAkrama se yukta putra hogaa| dvitIya, tRtIya caturtha tathA paMcama sarga meM vizeSa rUpa se hI upamAyeM dekhane ko milatI haiM / kucha anya upamAyeM draSTavya haiM - pIyUSarazmiriva' : amRtakiraNa ke samAna logoM ke netroM ko Anandita karane vAlA hogaa| zItetarAMzuriva' : sUrya ke samAna pratApazAlI hogA / sindhuzuktiriva : sIpa ke bhItara motI rahatA hai, usake prabhAva se sIpa suzobhita hotA hai / mahArAnI zivA bAlaka ko garbha meM dhAraNa kiye huye putra ke teja ke kAraNa sIpa ke samAna suzobhita ho rahI thI / ukta upamAna dvArA mahArAnI ke teja kI abhivyaMjanA prakaTa kI hai, kyoMki garbha dhAraNa karane se prAyaH striyA~ zithilatA ko prApta ho jAtI haiM / zarIra pIlA par3a jAtA hai / parantu zivA kA saundarya vRddhi ko prApta kara rahA thaa| sakriyeva' : puNyakRtya ke samAna samasta icchAoM ko pUrNa karane vAlA putra utpanna huA, sakriyA kahane se putra ke saundarya aura saubhAgya kI abhivyaMjanA hotI hai| anya upamAyeM : aTTahAsA iva' : hAsa ke Dhera ke samAna parvata suzobhita huaa| sakajjalollAsamiva : sumeru ke zrRGga para bAdala gire huye the, jisase vaha aisA mAlUma par3atA thA mAno dIpaka ke Upara kAjala suzobhita ho rahA ho / jalate hue dIpaka dvArA sumeru parvata kI ora kajjala dvArA nAriyoM kI abhivyaMjanA bhI hai| 1. neminirvANa, 3/40 3. vahI, 3/41 5. vahI, 4/13 7. vahI, 5/16 2. vahI, 3/41 4. neminirvANa, 4/1 6. vahI,5/14

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kAvyamivojjvala' : mahAkavi jisa prakAra apane kAvya meM ucita rUpa se alaMkAra kI yojanA karatA hai, usI prakAra zrIkRSNa ne alaMkAra dhAraNa kiye / 160 - paurANika upamAoM meM pArzvanAthamiva : pArzvanAtha aura kamaTha ke sambandha kA smaraNa dilAte huye unakI AkRti ke sAtha dvArikAvatI kI samatA prastuta kI hai / upamA-prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 45, 49, 71 tRtIya sarga - 34 paMcama sarga - 5, 23 aSTama sarga - 27, 54, 55, 60, 65 ekAdaza sarga - 36 trayodaza sarga - 20 caturdaza sarga - paMcadaza sarga - 1, 19, 21, 23, 66, 77, 78, 79, 81 dvitIya sarga - 52 caturtha sarga - 13, 14 SaSTha sarga - 1 prayoga ke anya sthala utprekSA : upameya kI upamAna ke sAtha saMbhAvanA yA kalpanA utprekSA kahalAtI hai / neminirvANa kAvya meM vAgbhaTa ne utprekSA kA acchA prayoga kiyA hai / caturtha sarga kA nimna zloka dekhiyegarbhAvasthA ke kAraNa mAtA zivAdavI kA zarIra pIta varNa ho gayA thA / kavi utprekSA ke dvArA varNana karate haiM - - navama sarga - 5, 8, 9, 12, 18 dvAdaza sarga - 2, 66 zrIjinasya yazasA jagadbahiHsarpateva vapurantarasthiteH / vAsaraiH katipayairnRpapriyA prApa pakvazarapANDuraM vapuH / / garbha meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha hai abhI se unakA yaza vistAra prApta kara rahA hai / ataeva unake yaza ke kAraNa mAnoM mAtA kA zarIra pIta ho gayA hai / tRtIya sarga - 6, 11, 20 aSTama sarga - 50 ekAdaza sarga - 14, 15, 21, 34 1 prathama sarga - 3, 35, 36 paMcama sarga - 10, 32 navama sarga - 3 paMcadaza sarga - 20, 22 rUpaka : upamAna aura upameya kA abheda varNana rUpaka alaMkAra hotA hai| vAgbhaTa ne rUpaka kA bar3e hI prabhAvazAlI va sundara DhaMga se citraNa kiyA hai / 2. neminirvANa, 5 / 61 2. vahI, 4 / 51 3. vahI, 4 / 5

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neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : alaMkAra 161 prathama sarga meM bar3I sundara yojanA prakaTa kI hai| kavi ne saMsAra meM samudra kA Aropa aura dayA meM nAva kA Aropa kiyA hai / yathA - apArasaMsArasamudranAvaM deyAddayAluH sumatirmatiM naH / nityapriyAyogakRte yadante tapasyatIvAvirataM rathAGgaH / / isI prakAra yahA~ bhI dekhiye - ___tapaH kuThArakSatakarmavalli / yahA~ para karma meM vallikA aura tapa meM kuThAra kA Aropa kiyA hai / prayoga ke anya sthala prathama sarga - 59 caturtha sarga - 5 paMcadaza sarga - 75 virodhAbhAsa : jahA~ vAstavika virodha na rahate hue bhI zabdoM meM virodha jaisA pratIta hotA hai, vahA~ virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra hotA hai / neminirvANa meM virodhAbhAsa alaMkAra kA aneka sthaloM para prayoga huA hai / jo atyanta svAbhAvika evaM atyanta sundara hai / tathA - arAya tasmai vijitasmarAya nityaM namaH karmavimuktihetoH / yaH zrIsumitrAtanayo'pi bhUtvA rAmAnurakto na babhUva citram / / kAma ko jItane vAle una aranAtha bhagavAna ko karmamukti ke liye nitya namaskAra ho, jo sumitrA kA putra (lakSmaNa kI mAtA, aranAtha kI mAtA) hote huye bhI rAmAnurakta (rAma meM anurakta, rAmA strI meM ) anurakta nahI thA / yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| yahA~ para virodha kI pratIti kitanI sundara bana par3I hai ki sumitrA putra hone para bhI jo rAma meM anurakta na huA / lakSmaNa hone para bhI rAma meM anurakta nahIM huA, yaha virodha hai, kyoMki lakSmaNa to rAma ke bhakta the / ataH isa virodha kA parihAra karane ke liye sumitrA tanaya arthAt ara tIrthaGkara hote huye bhI jo rAmA-striyoM meM Asakta nahIM huye yaha zleSa ke Adha para para nikalatA hai / anya udAharaNa dekhiye - AhAradAnAnyakhilAni yacchannajAyatAkSIrakRtArthitArthA / yo dAnavatve suralokabhaktaH kobudhyate rAjagatiM vicitrAm / / sabhI prakAra ke AhAra-dAnoM ko detA huA bhI jo yAcakoM ko akSIra (dUdha se bhinna-A~kho se prerita) anna ko dene vAlA huA aura jo dAnava (dAna dene vAlA-danu kA putra 1. neminirvANa, 1/5 3. neminirvANa, 1/18 2. vahI, 1/19 4. vahI, 1/69

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162 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana rAkSasa) hone para bhI devatAoM kA bhakta thA / isa vicitra rAjagati ko kauna jAna sakatA hai / prayoga ke anya sthala - prathama sarga - 19, 75 parisaMkhyA : ___ koI pUchI gaI yA binA pUchI gaI bAta usI prakAra kI anya vastu ke niSedha meM paryavasita hotI hai, vaha parisaMkhyA alaMkAra hai / vAgbhaTa ne dvArAvatI kA varNana karate huye kahA hai ki prakopakampAdharabandhurAbhyo bhayaM vadhUbhyastaruNeSu yasyAm / karpUrakAleyakasaurabhANAM prabhaJjanaH prauragRheSu cauraH / / (jisa nagarI meM krodha se kAMpate huye adharoM se bandhura badhuoM se bhaya ko prApta kara kapUra aura kAleyaka kezara kI havAyeM nagara nivAsiyoM ke gharoM meM cora bana gaI thI / ) arthAt isa dvArAvatI nagarI meM koI cora nahIM thA, cora yadi koI thA to vaha vAyu hI thA jo nitya sundariyoM ke mukha se sugandhi ko curA letA thA / prayoga ke anya sthala - ekAdaza sarga-13 udAharaNa : jahA~ prastuta ko aprastuta dvArA udAharaNa dekara dikhAyA jAtA hai vahA~ udAharaNa alakAra hotA hai / yathA - yaduyoSitAM vizadamadyapayaH pratibimbitAni vadanAni puraH / ___ rabhasena pAnarasikAni babhuzcaSakodareSu patitAni yathA / / / yAdavoM kI nAyikAoM ke svaccha madhu se pratibimbita mukhapAtroM meM gire huye pAna rasikoM ke samAna mAlUma par3a rahe the| yahA~ kavi ne yathA zabda dvArA udAharaNa alaMkAra kI yojanA kI hai / sahoktiH 'sahokti' vaha alaMkAra hai, jahA~ ekapada 'saha' (sAtha) artha ke sAmarthya se do arthoM kA vAcaka hotA hai / yathA- neminirvANa meM 'saha' zabda ke niyojana dvArA kavi ne eka hI zabda ko do arthoM kA bodhaka kahA hai / yathA - athasalilavilAsaM yAdavAnAmudAraiH saha nijanijadAraistatra vIkSyeva ramyam / dinapatirapi khinnaH khaM vyatItyAtimAtraM, karakalitadinazrIH sAgarAntaM jagAma / / isa prakAra udAracetA yAdavoM dvArA apanI-apanI nAyikAoM ke sAtha kI gaI manorama jala-krIr3A ko dekhakara duHkhI sUryadeva bhI ati vistRta AkAza kA atikramaNa kara aura kiraNoM dvArA dina kI zobhA bar3hAkara sAgara paryanta calA gayA / 1. neminirvANa, 1/42 2. vahI, 10/10 3. vahI, 8/80

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nirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa : alaMkAra samAsokti : dvayarthaka vizeSaNoM dvArA aprAkaraNika artha kA bhI saMkSepa se varNana karanA samAsokti alaMkAra kahalAtA hai / samAna vizeSaNoM se, prastuta aura aprastuta arthoM kI yojanA kara kavi vAgbhaTa ne isa alaMkAra kA prayoga kiyA hai / yathA prAcIM parityajya navAnurAgAmupeyivAnindurudArakAntiH / uccaistanIM ratnanivAsabhUmiM kAntAM samAzliSyati yatra naktam / / rAtrI ke samaya utkRSTa kAntivAlA candramA nUtana anurAga lAlimA se alaMkRta pUrva dizA ko chor3akara atyanta unnata stanoM vAlI aura manohara ratna nirmita mahaloM kI bhUmi kA AzleSaNa karatA hai / samAsokti dvArA aprastuta artha - jaise koI utkRSTa icchA vAlA nAyaka navIna anurAga - prema se unmatta strI ko chor3akara unnata stana vAlI kisI anya kAntA kA AzleSaNa karatA hai, isI prakAra candramA prAcI ko chor3akara dvArAvatI kI ucca bhUmi kA AliMGgana karatA thA / arthAntaranyAsa : sAmAnya kA vizeSa se aura vizeSa kA sAmAnya se sAdharmya yA vaidharmya se jo samarthana kiyA jAtA hai, use arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra kahate haiM / yathA neminirvANa meM - sadrarAziriva bhAsvarakAyakAntirAkrAntakarmagahano'gniriva pradIptaH / bhAvI sutaH sa ca bhaviSyati tAvakInaH svapnAH satAM nahi bhavantyanapekSitArthAH / / 2 ratnoM ke samUha kI taraha camakatI huI zarIra kAnti vAlA, jalatI huI agni kI taraha gahana karmoM ko AkrAnta kara dene vAlA vaha tumhArA putra hogA / kyoMki sajjanoM ke svapna anapekSita artha vAle nahIM hote / yahA~ para bhAvI putrotpatti rUpa ghaTanA kA samarthana sajjanoM ke svapna darzana se kiyA gayA hai, ataH yahA~ para arthAntaranyAsa alaMkAra hai / prayoga ke anya sthala - caturtha sarga - 7 nava sarga - 1, 15, 17 163 1. neminirvANa, 1/41 paMcama sarga - 33, 41 trayodaza sarga - 82 2. vahI, 3/43

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adhyAya-cAra neminirvANa : bhASA zailI evam guNasanniveza sAhitya meM zailI se tAtparya 'rIti' yA mArga' se hotA hai / saMskRta kAvyazAstra meM isI AdhAra para rIti sampradAya' nAma se eka alaga sampradAya cala paDA hai, jisake janaka AcArya vAmana the / inase pahale 'rIti' ke sthAna para 'mArga' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| AcArya vAmana ne 'rItirAtmA kAvyasya' kahakara rIti ko hI kAvya kI AtmA svIkArA hai arthAt jisa prakAra AtmA ke abhAva meM zarIra astitvahIna hotA hai, usI prakAra rIti ke binA kAvya kA koI astitva nahIM hai| rIti zabda rIG' gatau dhAtu se ktin pratyaya ke yoga se banA hai, jisakA artha hai gati, mArga, vIthi yA pantha / sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa ke TIkAkAra rAmezvara mizra ne likhA hai ki guNoM se yukta pada racanA rIti hai / jisake dvArA paramparayA calA jAtA hai, use rIti kahate haiM, ataH rIti se abhiprAya mArga se hai| pratyeka kavi apane-apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti apane apane DhaMga se karatA hai / eka hI artha ko aneka kavi alaga-alaga padAvaliyoM meM prastuta kara sakate haiM aura isase racanAoM ke par3hane se Ananda aura saundarya kI mAtrA meM bhI antara par3atA hai / vAstava meM zailI kA sambandha racanAkAra ke vyaktitva se hotA hai tabhI to kisI bhI racanA para usake racayitA ke vyaktitva kI chApa avazyameva par3atI hai| rIti ke svarUpa ke viSaya meM kahA gayA hai ki jisa prakAra zarIra ke aMgoM kA saMgaThana hotA hai, usI prakAra bhASA meM padoM kA saMgaThana hotA hai aura isI saMgaThana ko rIti kahA jAtA hai / AcArya vizvanAtha ke anusAra yaha kAvya ke AtmabhUta tattva rasa, bhAva Adi kI upakAraka hotI hai| bhinna-bhinna AcAyoM ne rIti ke bhinna-bhinna bheda kiye haiM, kintu sabake niSkarSa svarUpa AcArya vizvanAtha ne rIti ke cAra hI bheda svIkAre haiM aura yahI vidvat samudAya meM pracalita hai - vaidarbhI, gauDI, pAMcAlI tathA lATikA / neminirvANa kAvya meM prAyaH sabhI rItiyoM kA prayoga huA hai, jo isa prakAra haiM - vaidarbhIrIti : __ madhuzabdoM se yukta samAsa rahita athavA choTe-choTe samAsayukta padoM se manohara racanA ko vaidarbhIrIti kahate haiM / yathA vilokayanyatra kutUhalena lIlAvatInAM mukhapaMkajAni / jajJe smaraH seyertipryuktkrnnotplaaghaatsukhN cireNa / / ' 1. sarasvatI kaNThAbharaNa, 2/26 2. padasaMgaThanA rItiraMgasaMsthAvizeSavat / upakRtI rasAdInAM sA punaH syAccaturvidhAH / / - sAhityadarpaNaM, 9/1 3. vaidarbhIcAtha gauDI ca pAMcAlI lATikA tathA / sAhitya darpaNa 9/2 4. mAdhuryavyaMjakaiH racanA lalitAtmikA / avRttiralpavRttirvA vaidarbhI riitirissyte||, vahI 9/2-3 5. neminirvANa,1/44

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neminirvANa : bhASA zailI evaM guNasanniveza 165 sundariyoM ke mukha kamala ko kutUhala pUrvaka dekhate hue yuvaka IrSyA pUrvaka karNoM meM prayukta kamaloM kI mAra ke sukha ko bahuta samaya taka anubhava karate rahe / isa prakAra isa zloka meM samAsa choTe hone se tathA prasAda guNa kI adhikatA hone se kAvya sahaja bodhagamya hai / gauDI rIti : oja ko prakAzita karane vAle kaThina varNoM se yukta tathA dIrgha samAsa se yukta bandha gaur3I rIti kahate haiM / nirvANa ke nimna zloka ko dekhiye. jhalajjhaladdiggajakarNakIrNaivAtairivAzAsu sadA pradIptaH / yasyAribhUbhRdvanavaMzadAhe pratApavahniH paTutAM babhAra / / yahA~ para kaThina varNoM se yukta tathA dIrgha samAsa ke kAraNa tathA oja guNa kI pradhAnatA hone se gaur3I rIti kA sundara citraNa huA hai / pAMcAlI rIti : vaidarbhI evaM gaur3I rIti ke avaziSTa varNoM se jo racanA kI jAye arthAt jo varNana na to mAdhurya kA vyaMjaka ho aura na oja kA tathA jahA~ para pA~ca chaH padoM taka samasta pada hoM vahA~ pAMcAlI rIti hotI hai / yathA nimna zloka meM yaha rIti dRSTigata hai - - etadullasitasAndrapallavacchannavidrumalatAvalambitam / bhAti vetasavanaM karAlitaM vADavena zikhineva sarvataH / / lATI rIti : vaidarbhI evaM pAMcAlI rIti ke kucha lakSaNoM se yukta hone para lATI rIti hotI hai|" yathAnimna zloka ko dekhiye - tatra prasiddhAsti vicitraharmyA ramyA purI dvAravatIti nAmnA / paryantavistArivizAlazAlacchAyAchaviryatparikhApayodhiH / / 6 yahA~ para prasAdaguNa yukta vaidarbhI rIti se samanvita alpasamAsa pada varNa mAdhurya vyaMjaka hai, kintu nIce ke do caraNoM meM dIrgha samAsa hai, ataH yahA~ lATI rIti prayukta hai / 1. ojaH prakAzakairvarNairbandha ADambara punaH samAsabahulA gaur3I / - sAhityadarpaNa, 9 / 3 2. neminirvANa, 1/60 3. varNaiH zeSaiH punardvayoH / samasta paMcaSaTpado bandhaH pAMcAlikA matA / / - sAhityadarpaNa, 9/4 5. lATI tu rIti vaidarbhI pAMcAlyorantare sthitA / - sAhityadarpaNa, 9/5 4. neminirvANa, 4/55 6. neminirvANa, 1/34

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166 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana guNa : kAvya ke anya tattvoM kI bhA~ti hI kAvya meM bhAvoM kI madhuratA banAne ke liye madhura bhASA kI AvazyakatA hotI hai / madhura bhASA ko banAne ke lie guNa-nirUpaNa Avazyaka hai| AcArya bharata ne guNa ko doSoM kA viparyaya kahA hai / bharata ke anusAra doSa zobhA ke vighAtaka haiM aura guNa kAvya zobhA ke vidhAyaka / kintu bhAratIya kAvya zAstra meM guNa kI spaSTa evaM vaijJAnika paribhASA sarvaprathama AcArya vAmana ne prastuta kI / inake anusAra kAvya ke zobhA-kAraka dharmako guNa kahA jAtA hai / guNa nitya hai jinake abhAva meM saundarya vidhAna nahIM ho sakatA / unake anusAra guNa zabda aura artha ke dharma haiM, ye kAvya ke zobhAvarddhaka upAdAna haiM / 1 bhAmaha tathA daNDI ne guNa vibhAga kA to vivecana kiyA hai, kintu guNa kI spaSTa paribhASA nahI de sake / dhvanivAdI AcArya guNa ko rasa kA dharma yA kAvya ke pradhAnabhUta tattva rasa ke Azrita kahate haiM / ye zarIrabhUta zabdArtha ke dharma nahIM apitu AtmabhUta rasa ke aMga haiM / AcArya mammaTa ne guNoM kA svarUpa batAte huye kahA hai ki jisa prakAra mAnava zarIra meM sArabhUta AtmA ke dharma, zaurya, audArya Adi haiM usI prakAra kAvyazarIra ke sArabhUta tattva rasa ke dharma jo aparihArya aura utkarSAdhAyaka haiM ve guNa haiM / ataH kAvya meM rasa aMgIrUpa meM rahate haiM tathA guNa una rasoM meM niyata rUpa se rahate huye upakAra karate haiM / AcArya vizvanAtha ne bhI kAvya meM guNa ke isI svarUpa ko mAnA hai / ataH yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jina lakSaNoM se kAvya meM vizeSatA pratIta aura dUsaroM ko prabhAvita kare unheM guNa kahA jAtA hai| ataH saMkSepa meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki guNa rasa ke dharma haiM / kAvya meM inakI acala yA nitya sthiti hai / ye rasa ke utkarSaka yA kAvya ke zobhAdhAyaka tattva haiN| guNa ke bheda : 1 bharata ne apane nATyazAstra meM daza guNoM kA kathana kiyA hai unhoMne mAdhurya aura audArya guNoM ko kahakara oja ke svarUpa ko bhI batalAyA hai / anya guNoM ke viSaya meM unhoMne nahIM kahA hai| bharata ke pazcAt bhAmaha ne kahA hai ki kAvya meM tIna guNa hote haiM - oja, prasAda aura mAdhurya / unhoMne kahA hai ki mAdhurya aura prasAda meM samasta padoM kA prayoga adhika nahIM honA cAhiye / kintu ojaguNa kI siddhi ke lie samAsa kI bahulatA honI cAhie / " daMNDI ne 1. nATyazAstra, 17 / 94 2. tamarthamavalambanteye'gniM te guNAH smRtA / dhvanyAloka, 2/6 3. ye rasasyAMgino dharmAH zauryAdirivAtmanaH / utkarSahetavaste syuracalasthitayo guNAH / - kAvyaprakAza, 8/66 4. sAhityadarpaNa, 8/1 5. zlevaprasAda - samatA- samAdhimAdhuryamojaH padasaukumAryam / arthasya ca vyaktirudAratA ca kAntizcakAvyasyAguNAH dazaite / / 6. samAsavadabhivividhairvicitraizca padairyutam / sA tu svarairudAraizca tadojaH parikIrtyate / / - bharatanATyazAstra, 16 / 19 - bharatanATyazAstra, 17 / 96 7. kAvyAlaMkAra kI bhUmikA, pR0 38

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neminirvANa : bhASA zailI evaM guNasanniveza 167 guNoM ke svarUpa kA vivecana adhika vistAra se kiyA hai / guNoM ke atirikta kAvya ke do mArga bhI batAye - vaidarbha aura gaur3a / guNa inhI ke prANabhUta haiM / daNDI ne zleSa Adi daza guNa vaidarbha mArga meM aura inake viparIta guNa gaur3a mArga meM mAne haiM / ___ agnipurANa meM kahA gayA hai ki jo tattva kAvya meM mahatI chAyA utpanna karate haiM ve guNa haiM / usameM zabda guNa, arthaguNa aura ubhayaguNa mAne haiM / vAmana ne rItiyoM ke sAtha-sAtha guNoM ke sAkSAt sambandha ko pratipAdita kiyA hai / ve rIti ko kAvya kI AtmA tathA rItiM kI AtmA guNa ko mAnate haiM / vAmana ne guNoM kI saMkhyA bIsa mAnI haiM, unameM daza zabda guNa aura daza artha guNa haiN| parantu paravartI AcArya mammaTa aura vizvanAtha ne guNoM kI saMkhyA tIna hI svIkAra kI hai - mAdhurya, auja aura prasAda / inhoMne batAyA ki una tIna guNoM meM hI anya sabhI guNoM kA antarbhAva ho jAtA hai / vizvanAtha ne bhI likhA hai ki mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda ye tIna hI guNa haiM / ____ ataH guNa tIna hI mAne jAte haiM - mAdhurya, oja aura prasAda / neminirvANa meM ina tInoM hI guNoM kA prayoga huA hai| ___ mAdhurya : citta ko piMghalAne vAle dravIbhUta karane vAle AnandadAyI pramukha guNa ko mAdhurya kahate haiM / yaha saMbhoga zrRMgAra, karuNa, vipralambha zrRMgAra aura zAnta rasa meM kramazaH adhika madhura ho jAtA hai / mAdhurya guNa ke abhivyaMjaka meM Ta, Tha, Da, Dha ko chor3akara (ka se ma paryanta) apane vargoM ke antima varNoM se yukta varNa tathA laghu ra, Na varNa aura samAsa rahita yA choTe-choTe samAsoM vAlI racanA sahAyaka hai / neminirvANa meM mAdhurya guNa kA aneka sthAnoM para aneka rUpoM meM prayoga huA hai / vizeSa rUpa se vipralambha zrRMgAra kA yaha udAharaNa dekhiye - indordIptyA dattadAhAtirekA yadyacchu_ tatra tatrAparaktA / sA kapUraM dantajaM karNapUraM hAraM hAsaM ceti sarvavyahAsIt / / 1. zleSaH prasAdaH samatA mAdhurya sukumAratA / arthavyaktirudAratvamojaH kAntiH samAdhayaH / / iti vaidarbhamArgasya prANAH daza guNAH smRtaaH| - kAvyAdarza, 1/41-42 2. yaH kAvye mahatI chAyAmanugraMyati asau gunnH| - agnipurANa, 346/3 3. rItirAtmA kAvyasya / viziSTA padasaMghaTanA riitivishessgunnaatmaa| - kAvyAlaMkArasUtravRtti, 1/2-6-8 4. mAdhuryojaH prasAdAkhyastrayaste na punrdshH|- kAvyaprakAza, 8/66 5. mAdhuryaojo'thaprasAda iti te tridhA - sAhityadarpaNa, 8/1 6. cittadravIbhAvamayo''hlAdo maadhurymucyte| saMbhoge karuNe vipralambhe zAnte'dhikaM kramAt / / - sAhityadarpaNa, 9/2 7. mUrSi vargAntyagAH sparzA aTavargA raNau laghU / avRtitamadhyavRttirvA madhurye ghaTanA tthaa| - kAvyaprakAza, 8/74 8. neminirvaNa, 11/9

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168 zrImadvAgbharTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana nAyikA ke kRtrimakopa meM mAdhurya guNa dekhiye - parilaMghanIyagaganAntamAgatastaraNirbabhUva sahasAruNaprabhaH / kaluSIbhavatyanukalaM dinAtyaye prabhurapyupaiti yadivAnugazriyam / / karuNa rasa meM mAdhurya guNa dekhiye zrutvA vacastasya sa vazyavRttiH sphuratkRpAntaH karaNaH kumAraH / nivArayAmAsa vivAhakarmANyadharmabhIruH smRtapUrvajanmA / / anyatra zAnta rasa ke vivecana meM bhI sarvatra mAdhurya guNa dRSTigocara hotA hai / oja : oja kA lakSaNa karate huye AcArya mammaTa ne kahA hai ki vIra rasa meM rahane vAlI Atma arthAt citta ke rasa kI hetubhUta dIpti oja kahalAtI hai / yaha sAmAnyataH vIra rasa meM rahatI hai / parantu vIbhatsa aura raudra rasaM meM isakA Adhikya vizeSa camatkArajanaka hotA hai / isameM kaThina zabda aura lambe-lambe samAsayukta padoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / isI prakAra sAhityadarpaNa meM bhI kahA hai ki citta kA vistArarUpa dIptatva oja kahalAtA hai / yaha vIra vIbhatsa aura raudra meM kramazaH bar3hatA jAtA hai / " oja ke abhivyaJjaka varNa varga ke prathama akSara ke sAtha mile huye dvitIya aura tRtIya akSara ke sAtha likhe hue caturtha akSara Age yA pIche repha aura Ta Tha Da Dha za Sa haiM / nemi - nirvANa meM vIra aura raudra rasa meM oja guNa kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai / rAjA samudravijaya ke varNana meM ojaguNa draSTavya hai - jhalajjhaladdiggajakarNakIrNairvAtairivAzAsu sadA pradIptaH / yasyAribhUbhRdvanavaMzadAhe pratApavahniH paTutAM babhAra / / yadardhacandrApacitottamAMGgairuddaNDadostANDavamAdadhAnaiH / vidveSibhirdattazivApramodaiH kaiH kairna dadhe yudhi rudrabhAvaH / / 1. neminirvANa, 9/2 2. vahI, 13/5 3. dIptyAtmavistRterheturojo vIrarasa sthitiH, vIbhatsaraudrarasayostasyAdhikyaM krameNa ca / / kAvyaprakAza, 8/69-70 4. sAhityadarpaNa, 8/4 5. yoga AdyatRtIyAbhyAmantyayo repha tulyayoH / TAdiH zaSau vRttidairdhya gumpha uddhata ojasi / / kAvyaprakAza, 8 /75 6. neminirvANa, 1/60-61

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neminirvANa : bhASA zailI evaM guNasanniveza prasAda : mammaTa ne kahA hai- jaise sUkhe indhana meM agni zIghra hI vyApta ho jAtI hai, tathA svaccha vastra meM jala vyApta ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra jo guNa sahasA hI citta meM vyApta ho jAtA hai vaha prasAdguNa hai / yaha sabhI rasoM meM vyApta rahatA hai / isI prakAra vizvanAtha ne likhA hai ki sUkhI lakar3I meM agni kI taraha jo citta meM vyApta ho jAtA hai, vaha prasAdaguNa hai / 2 jahA~ zabda ke zravaNa mAtra se hI zabda ke artha kI pratIti ho jAtI hai jo saba meM samAna rUpa se ho sakatA hai vaha prasAda guNa kA vyaMjaka hotA hai / 'naiminirvANa' meM sarvatra hI isa guNa kA prayoga dRSTigocara hotA hai| kucha udAharaNa isa prakAra haiMvilokayanyatra kutUhalena lIlAvatInAM mukhaGkajAni / jajJe smaraH serSyaratiprayuktakarNotpalAghAtasukhaM cireNa / / zrutvA tamArtadhvanimekavIraH sphAraM diganteSu sa dattadRSTiH / dadarza vATaM nikaTe niSaNNaH khinnAkhilazvApadavargagarbham / / zrutvA vacastasya sa vazyavRttiH sphuratkRpAntaH karaNaH kumAraH / nivArayAmAsa vivAhakarmANyadharmabhIruH smRtapUrvajanmA / / 1. zuSkendhanAgnivat svacchajalavatsahasaiva yaH / vyApnotyatyanyatprasAdo sau sarvatra vihitasthitiH / / 169 2. sAhityadarpaNa, 8/4 3. zrutimAtreNa zabdAttu yenArthapratyayo bhavet / sAdhAraNaH samagrANAM sa prasAdo guNo mataH / / 4. neminirvANa, 1/44 5. vahI, 13 / 2,5 - kAvyaprakAza, 8/70 - kAvyaprakAza, 8/76

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adhyAya - pA~ca neminirvANa meM varNanavaicitrya prakRti kA citraNa kAvya kA anivArya tattva hai / isI hetu sabhI kaviyoM ne apane kAvya meM prakRti citraNa apanAyA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa kA varNana vaicitrya anupama hai| varNana meM kavi ne vibhinna AyAmoM ko citrita kara varNana-sAphalya sthApita kiyA hai / kavi ne neminirvANa kAvya meM varNana camatkAra ke sRjana ke liye vastuoM kA citraNa sundara rUpa meM kiyA hai / prastuta kAvya ghaTanA pradhAna na hote huye bhI alaMkRta varNanoM kI pradhAnatA se yukta hai / deza, nagara, sandhyA, candrodaya, rAtri, prabhAta, sUryodaya, vana, nadI, parvata, samudra, dvIpa aura prAkRtika vastuoM kA varNana sAMgopAMga tathA alaMkRta hai| deza varNana : mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne surASTra deza kI sthiti aura vahA~ kI urvarA pRthvI kA bar3A hI vyavasthita citraNa kiyA hai / devatAoM ke nivAsa kI taraha surASTra nAma se prasiddha ramaNIya deza hai, jisameM kRSi uttama tiloM vAlI aura strI sundara kezoM vAlI evaM svabhAva se hI madhura haiN| osa ke binduoM ke hAra ke samAna cAroM dizAoM meM phaile hue gAyoM ke samUhoM se jo deza apane vaibhava ke abhimAna se dUsare dezoM kI avajJA se mAnoM ha~sI ur3AtA hai| jahA~ para nirmala jala vAle tAlAba prakAzita hote hue sundara pattoM vAlI latAoM ke haritavarNa uttarIya se yukta vanavAsa ko dhAraNa karane vAlI pRthvI ke vilAsoM ke darpaNa ko dhAraNa karate haiM / jahA~ para khetoM meM netroM se tiraskRta thakAvaTa ko prApta milakara upadrava ke liye Aye hue mRgoM ke samUha ko gopiyA~ gIta ke guNoM se nirantara roka letI haiM / jahA~ para hima ke samAna zveta varNa vAle arjuna vRkSoM se yukta harI bharI bhUmiyA~ balAkAoM ke AkAza se girate hue bAdaloM kI taraha mAlUma par3atI haiM / 1 (jo surASTra deza) RSabha nAmaka svara vizeSa se sundara grAma svaroM ke samudAya se virAjita gurutara zreSTha athavA bar3I bar3I tantriyoM ke sanniveza se yukta tathA sarasvatI devI ke samIpa meM sthita usake hAtha se vilasita manohara, bhASyayukta, vizAla ghoSavatI vINA ko dhAraNa karate haiM / arthAta jisa deza ke manuSya hara vastu kI cintA se rahita hokara hAtha meM vINA dhAraNa kara 1

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neminirvANa meM varNanavaicitrya saMgIta sudhA kA pAna karate haiM / ' nagara varNana: 171 vAgbhaTa ne nagara kI sthiti kA bar3A hI vyavasthita citraNa kiyA hai / dvArAvatI ke varNana meM kavi ne prAkAra, parikhA tathA sundara bhavanoM kA bar3A hI acchA varNana kiyA hai / 1 samudra kI parikhA se yukta sundara bhavanoM vAlI dvArAvatI suzobhita thI / jahA~ para caMcala taraMgoM rUpI, zuNDa ke prahAra se jala rUpI hAthiyoM ke dvArA vaprakrIDA ko naSTa karate huye sindhu mAnoM ha~sa rahA ho / jisa nagarI meM nirantara bIdhane ke abhyAsa meM lage huye kAmadeva ne dhanurvidyA ke karma meM dakSatA ko pAkara mAnoM saMsAra ke caMcala manoM ko lakSya banAyA tathA jo nagarI samudra ke madhya kamalinI ke samAna zobhAyamAna hotI thI / jisa prakAra kamalinI vikasita kamaloM kI chAyA se jinakI Atapa vyathA zAnta ho gaI aise rAjahaMsoM ( haMsavizeSa ) se sevita hotI hai / usI prakAra vaha nagarI bhI bar3e-bar3e zreSTha rAjAoM se sevita thI / arthAt usameM aneka rAjA mahArAjA nivAsa karate the / isa prakAra kI nagarI ke pratibimba ko dekhakara samudra meM varuNa deva ne bhI use apanI rAjadhAnI banAne ke liye mana meM eka citra khIMcA thA / "unnata zikharoM vAlI dvArAvatI ke hamyoM para sthita siMhoM se yaha merA mRga bhayabhIta ho gayA hai" isa prakAra vicAra kara candra deva bhavanoM kI sphaTika zilA kI kiraNoM se sthira raha jAtA thA / 2 prakRti citraNa: saundarya kI abhivyaJjanA ke lie prakRti kA Azraya grahaNa karanA par3atA hai / mAnava ko prakRti ke pratyakSa bodha meM sukha-duHkha kI saMvedanA prApta hotI hai ataH kalAtmaka bhAvoM kI abhivyaMjanA evaM yauna sambaMdhI rAgAtmaka bhAvoM ke rUpa-raMga ke liye prakRti kA Azraya kavi ko grahaNa karanA par3atA hai / kavi vAgbhaTa ne prakRti ke aneka ramya rUpa upasthita kiye haiM / kavi 1. ramyAH surASTrAbhidhayA prasiddhA divo nivezA iva santi dezAH / tilottamA yatra kRSiH sukezI strI maJjughoSA ca kila prakRtyA / / gomaNDalairdiGmukhaviprakIrNairnIhArahArapratimaiH samantAt / dezAntarANAM vibhavena dRptA ye'vajJayA hAsamivodvahanti / / vapurvanAlI haritottarIyamullAsisatpatralataM vahantyAH / yatrAvanervibhramadarpaNatvaM sarAMsi vibhratyamalodakAni / / cakSuH parAbhUtamivAttakhedaM saMbhUya saMprAptamupadravAya / nirundhate gItaguNena gopyaH kSetreSu yatrAnizameNayUtham / / yatrArjunIbhistuhinArjunAbhiradhyAsitAH sAdvalabhUmibhAgAH / ghanA nabhastaH patitAH kathaMcitsamaM balAkAbhirivAvabhAnti / / virAjamAnAmRSabhAbhirAmaigrImaigarIyo guNasaMnivezAm / sarasvatIsaMnidhibhAjamurvI ye sarvato ghoSavatIM vahanti / / - neminirvANa, 1/28-33 2. tatra prasiddhAsti vicitraharmyA ramyA purI dvAravatIti nAmnA / paryantavistArivizAlazAlacchAyAchaviryatparikhApayodhiH / / vilolakallolakaraprahArairvArvAraNairghAtanipAtidantaiH / yadvapramucchettumajAtazaktiH phenairvilakSo hasatIva sindhuH / / rAdhAvyadhAbhyAsapareNa yasyAmAsAdya tatkArmukakarma dAkSyam / manobhuvA vizvamanAMsi manye notAni lolAnyapi lakSyabhAvam // parisphuranmaNDalapuNDarIkacchAyApanItAtapasaMprayogaiH / yA rAjahaMsairupasevyamAnA rAjIvinIvAmbunidhau rarAja / / evaM vidhAM tAM nijarAjadhAnIM nirmApayAmIti kutUhalena / chAyAchalAdacchajale payodhau pracetasA yA likhiteva reje / / uttuMga zrRMgotkarakezaribhyo bhAgAdbhayaM naktamayaM mRgo me / itIva yatra sphaTikAzmazAlAkarairmRgAGkaH sthagayAMbabhUva / / - neminirvANa 1/34-38 evaM 1/43

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172 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana prakRti ke Upara mAnava kA Aropa karatA huA kahatA hai - "sUrya ke cale jAne se bhAgyodaya se anya dizA kA sevana karane vAlA tathA andhakAra samUha se AvRtta mu~ha vAlA pakSI-samUha samAna duHkha se duHkhI ho rahA thA / ronA dharma manuSya kA hai kavi ne ise pakSiyoM meM Aropita kara mAnava rUpa kA citraNa kiyA hai| pRthvI rasa kA atyadhika pAna karane se sUryadeva kI kiraNeM pIlI ho gayI thI- manda par3a gayI thI, ataH punaH paTutA prApta karane ke hetu rAtri meM auSadhiyoM kA sevana kara rahI haiM / yahA~ sUrya kiraNoM meM mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai / koI bhI.manuSya kSINa zarIra ho jAne para punaH zakti prApta karane ke liye auSadhiyoM kA sevana karatA hai, usI prakAra sUrya kiraNeM bhI auSadhiyoM kA sevana kara rahI haiN| . . kumudaniyoM kI sahAnubhUti kA citraNa karatA huA kavi usameM mAnavIya bhAvanAoM kA Aropa karate huye kahatA hai ki rAtri meM vihAra karane vAle aura sUrya ke viyoga se vilApa karate huye pakSiyoM kI karuNa kraMdana rUpI vipatti ko dekhane meM asamartha kumudinI ne apane kamala rUpI netra banda kara liye| ___ yahA~ kumudaniyoM meM mAnava bhAvanAoM kA Aropa kiyA gayA hai| uddIpana ke rUpa meM prakRti citraNa karate huye kavi ne malayAnila kA varNana karate huye kahA hai ki - __"malayAnila" pathikoM ke manarUpI kAnana meM kAmadeva ke samAna agni pradIpta karane ke liye zizira Rtu ke bIta jAne se kamala pUrNa dakSiNa dizA ko prApta huA hai| isI prakAra Alambana ke rUpa meM bhI kavi ne prakRti-citraNa kiyA hai| sUryodaya evaM prAtaHkAlaH vAgbhaTa ne prabhAta varNana kA bahuta sundara citraNa kiyA hai / candrakiraNoM se sphaTika maNi nirmita sA prAsAda jo rAtri meM sudhA dhavala pratIta hotA thA, aba sUrya kiraNoM ke samparka se kuMkuma snAta sA mAlUma par3a rahA thA / nadI aura sarovaroM kA jala aruNa pratIta ho rahA thaa| sUryodaya kA varNana karate huye kavi kahatA hai : sUrya ke udita hone kA samaya hai / manojJa dA~nto vAle krIr3A-zuka apanI buddhi ke kAraNa 1. pralayaM gate dinapatau vidhervazAtparirabhya gADhamitaretaraM dishH| samaduHkhitA iva patatriNAM ravai rurudustamaHsicayasaMvRtAnanAH / / atimAtrapItavasudhArasaM kramAtparimandatAM gatamahaHpatermahaH / adhigantumAtmapaTutAM punardine dhuvamauSadhIrabhujata pratikSapam / / karuNasvaraM vilapatoranekazaH purato nizAvirahiNorvihaMgayoH / . vipadaM vilokayitumakSamA dhuvaM nalinI sarojanayanaM nyamIlayat / / - neminirvANa 9/9-11 / 2. pathikamAnasakAnanapAvakasmaramiva pratibodhayituM dadhe / yamadizA zizirAtyayataH sphuratkamalayAmalayA malayAnilaH / / - vahI, 6/18 . 3. kizalayaiH kusumaizca nirantarai pratidigantamazokamahIruhaH / / parivRtaH sahasA kamalekSaNA kramahato mahatoraNasaMnibhaiH / / - vahI 6/31

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neminirvANa meM varNanavaicitrya 173 anUdita kara rahe haiM / kumudaniyoM ke Upara navIna navIna sUrya kA par3A huA japA kusuma ke samAna kAntivAlA yaha teja zobhAyamAna hotA huA aisA lagatA hai ki apane pati candramA ke viyoga ke duHkha se hRdaya se khUna kA pravAha bahA rahe hoN| vaha samaya aisA pratIta ho rahA hai ki mAno tor3I gaI indranIla . maNi ke samAna kAnti vAle antarikSa meM caMcala mada ke kAraNa dhana rUpI parAga se lipta zarIra vAle, zIla sUrya ke ghor3oM dvArA udayAcala parvata ke taTa para bhramaroM ke dvArA kamaloM para AkramaNa kiyA jA rahA hai| sandhyA ke prArambha meM phaile huye andhakAra rUpI kastUrI ke paGka se aura rAtri meM candramA kI kAnti rUpI candana ke saMcaya se jisa loka kI arcanA kI gaI hai vaha usa samaya sUrya kI kiraNoM ke samUha rUpI lepa se lipta ho rahA thA / arthAt rAtri ko jyotsnA ne candana dravya se carcita kara diyA hai| para aba navIna sUrya kiraNoM se saMsAra kuMkama dvArA lIpA jA rahA thA / andhakAra rUpI kIcar3a meM phaMsI pRthvI kA parvata rUpI unnata zrRMgoM se uddhAra karate huye udaya ko prAptaH sUryadeva ne hajAroM kiraNoM ko phailAkara sArthaka nAma prApta kiyA hai / prAtaH kAla ke varNana meM kavi kahatA hai ki "prAtaH kAla meM pIle pIle parAga rUpI vastra se Dhake huye zarIra vAle bhramaroM kA yaha samUha mahArAnI ke zobhA ke sampUrNa vilAsa rUpI bhavana para sthita ho kevala varNa se hI nahIM apitu karma se bhI kAlimA ko prApta kara rahA thA / prAtaH kAla kA bAla-aruNa kAlasarpiNI ke samAna pratIta ho rahA hai| isake bAre meM kavi varNana karate hai ki nirdoSa hone se sundara pallavoM ke samAna kAnti vAlA sUryamaNDala lokAndhakAra ko naSTa karane se mahAn prabhAva vAle kAla sarparAja ke ratna ke samAna mAlUma par3atA thA / prAtaHkAlIna zItala manda sugandha pavana ke citraNa meM kavi kahatA hai ki svaccha hokara tAlAboM meM kamaloM ke kA~pane se cAroM ora se gire huye parAga se AcchAdita bhramarAvali kI vAcAlatA se avagata hone vAlA pavana madonmatta hAthI ke samAna dhIre dhIre pravAhita ho rahA thA / 1. sUryodayasya samayastvamihAdhunApi, nidrAsi dAsi na dadAsi manaH svakRtye / ityAdikaJcukivacastava ke likIrAH, prajJAvazAdanuvadanti manojJadanti / / tejo japAkusumakAnti kumudvatISu, vidyotate nipatitaM navabhAnavIyam / bhartuH kalAkulagRhasya viyogaduHkhairnirdAritAdiva hRdo rudhirapravAhaH / / bhinnendranIlamaNikAntibhirantarikSalolairmadAddhanaparAgaparItakAyaiH / tigmadhuterudayazailataTaM tukhairAkramyate sarabhasaiH kamalaM ca bhRMgaiH / / sandhyAgame tatatamomRganAbhipa DairnaktaM ca candrarucicandanasaMcayena / yaccarcitaM tadadhunA bhuvanaM navIna - bhAsvatkaraughaSusRNairupalipyate sma / / magnAM tamaH prasarapaMkanikAyamadhyAdgAmuddharansapadi parvazaGgatam / prApyodayaM nayati sArthakatAM svakIyamahAnaM patiH karasahasramasAvakhinnaH / / etatpravAladalakomalakAntijAlamArtaNDamaNDalamadoSatayAbhirAmam / lokAndhakAragaralacchiduraprabhAvamAbhAti ratnamiva kAlamahoragasya / / svairaM vihRtya sarasISu saroruhANAmAkampanena paritazchurito rajobhiH / bhRGgAvalImukharazRGkhalasUcyamAno mandaM maruccarati cittabhuvaH karIva / / minirvANa, 3/12-16, 22, 23

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174 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana candra varNana: nemi nirvANa meM candramA kI sthiti kA varNana karate hue kavi kahatA hai - "jahA~ para pUrva dizA ko tyAga kara navIna anurAga vAlI kAntA ko prApta nirmala kAnti vAlA candramA rAtri meM u~cce stanoM vAlI ratnoM kI evamAtra sthAna striyoM kA AliMgana karatA hai / " unnata zikharoM ke samUha rUpI siMhoM se merA mRga rAtri meM Dara ko prApta na ho jAye aisA socakara hI jahA~ para candramA sphaTika maNiyoM ke bhavanoM kI kiraNoM se sthagita ho jAtA thA / 1 isI prakAra naveM sarga meM candrodaya varNana bar3A hI manohara huA hai / parvata varNana: vAgbhaTa ne parvatoM ke varNana meM sumeru evaM raivataka parvatoM kA bar3A acchA varNana kiyA hai / svarNamayI bhUmi vAlA raivataka parvata unnata zikharoM se girate huye jharanoM ke Upara uchalate hue jala-binduoM se devAMganAoM kA zarIra zItala karatA thaa| eka ora svarNamayI aura dUsarI ora rajatamayI dIvAla se yaha parvata adbhuta zobhA pA rahA thaa| kavi ne raivataka kA varNana saptama sarga meM 55 padyoM meM kiyA hai - usa parvata para vaha gaNinI tapasvinI virAjamAna hai, jo muni samUha se sevanIya hai, guruoM se sahita hai aura jisakA samasta lakSaNa caritrAzrita hokara prakAzamAna hai / devoM dvArA kI gaI paricaryA se jinakI mahimA atyanta spaSTa hai, aise he yaduvaMza ke alaMkAra neminAtha, isa parvata para vidyuddAma se zobhAyamAna aura aneka zikharoM se sahita navIna meghoM kI mAlA, jaladhArA kI avirala varSA ke dvArA usa dAvAnala ko praNamita kara rahI hai, jisase hAthI dUra se Darate haiM jo atyanta santApa rUpa zarIra ko prApta hai I puSpoM se sampanna isa zikhara para siddha-vadhueM, devAMganAeM latA-gRhoM meM aneka puSpamAlAoM ko dhAraNa kara tathA zarIra ko aneka dhAtu khaNDoM se suramya banAkara patiyoM dvArA prArthanA kiye jAne para rati kriyA karatI haiM / 1. prAcIM parityajya navAnurAgAmupeyivAnindurudArakAntiH / uccaistanIM ratnanivAsabhUmiM kAntAM samAzliSyati yatra naktam utkarake zaribhyo mAgAdbhayaM naktamayaM mRgo me / itIva yatra sphaTikAzmayAlAkarairmRgAMDaH sthagayAMbabhUva / / neminirvANa 1/41, 43 2. munigaNasevyA guruNA yuktA jayati sAmutra / caraNagatamakhilameva sphuratitarAM lakSaNaM yasyAH / / yadUnAmuttaMsa tridazaparicaryoktamahimansadaivAsmindAvajvalanamatidUratrasadibham / lasadvidyuddAmA prazamayati saMtApitanugaM payodhArAsArairnavajaladamAlA zikhariNI / / iha kusumasamRddhe mAlinIbhUya sAnau, vipulasakaladhAtucchedanepathyaramyam / vapurapi racayitvA kuMjagarbheSu bhUyo vidadhati ratimiSTaiH prArthitAH siddhavadhvaH / / - neminirvANa, 7 / 2, 6, 12

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neminirvANa meM varNanavaicitrya deva mandira mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne dvArAvatI ke devamandiroM kA varNana karate huye kahA hai ki sphaTika maNimaya athavA sudhAlipta devAlaya candramA ke prakAza meM lIna ho jAte the / jisa (dvArAvatI ) nagarI meM rAtri ke samaya nirmala sphaTika maNiyoM ke bane huye devamandira candramA kI zubhra jyotsnA dvArA lupta kara liye jAte the / zveta mandira zubhrajyotsnA meM chipa jAte the, kevala unake suvarNa-nirmita pIle pIle kalaza hI parilakSita hote the unase aisA pratIta hotA thA ki mAno AkAza meM suvarNa kamala vikasita huye haiM / strI-puruSoM kA varNana 175 strIH kavi vAgbhaTa ne strI-citraNa karate huye kahA hai ki jahA~ para yuvatiyA~ (striyA~) kAmadeva kI astrazAlA - AyudhayazAlA ke samAna suzobhita hotI thI / yataH striyA~ apane kAnoM meM maNi nirmita karNaphUla pahane huye thI / veM cakranAmaka Ayudha ke samAna mAlUma hote the| unake hAra kAmadeva ke pAzabandhana ke samAna aura praNaya kopa se baMka bhauMhe dhanuSa ke samAna pratIta hotI thI / striyoM kI mukhoM kI sugandhi ke kAraNa bhramara unake pAsa pahu~ca jAte the / ve bhaure una striyoM kI muskAna kI zveta kAnti se vyApta hone para aise pratIta hote the mAnoM puSpoM ke parAga ke samUha se citra-vicitra ho gaye hoM / "jo uttama bhauMha rUpa yuga- juvArI sahita hai (pakSa meM uttama bhauMhe ke yugala se sahita hai) caMcala rUpa vAhoM - ghor3oM se yukta haiM / ( pakSa meM caMcala netroM ko prApta hai) aura jo kuNDala rUpI sundara cakra Ayudha vizeSa se zobhita hai ( pakSa meM camakate huye kuNDaloM kI cAru paridhi se sahita hai) aise striyoM ke mukharUpI ratha para AruDha hokara kAmadeva jisa dvArAvatI nagarI meM tInoM lokoM ko jItane vAlA bana gayA thA / puruSa : 1 usa dvArAvatI nagarI meM rahane vAle puruSa yamaikavRtI the - ahiMsA Adi yamavratoM ko dhAraNa karane vAle (pakSa meM yamarAja kI mukhya vRtti ko dhAraNa karane vAle the / veM dhanavAn adhika savAriyoM se yukta the (pakSa meM indra the) pracetasa the - utkRSTa hRdaya ko dhAraNa karane vAle the / ( pakSa meM varuNa the ) evaM dhanezvara atyadhika dhanika the (pakSa meM kubera the) / isa prakAra puruSoM ke 1. yatrendupAdaiH suramandireSu lupteSu zuddhasphaTikeSu naktam / cakre sphuTaM hATakakumbhakoTirnabhastalAmbhoruhakozazaGkayaMm // - neminirvANa, 1/55 2. cakrAyamANairmaNikarNapUraiH pAzaprakAzairatihArahAraiH / bhUbhizca cApAkRtibhirvirejuH kAmAstrazAlA iva yatra bAlAH / / sugandhinaH saMnihitA mukhasya smitadyutA vicchuritA vdhuunaam| bhRtaH babhurvatra bhRzaM prasUnasaMkrAntareNUtkarakarburA vA / / sabhUyugaM caJcalanetravAhaM yasyAM sphuratkuNDalacArucakram / Aruhya jAtasvijagadvijetA vadhUmukhasyandanamAjamA / / - vahI, 1/39, 45, 52

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176 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana chala se cAroM dizAoM ke digpAloM ne usa nagarI ko apanA nivAsa sthAna banAyA thA / putra-janmotsava kisI mahApuruSa kA janma loka kalyANa ke liye hotA hai / ataeva usake janma se jitanI prasannatA mAtA-pitA Adi pArivArika janoM ko hotI hai usase kahIM adhika nagara nivAsiyoM evama anya jana samudAya ke liye bhI / mahApuruSa kI utpatti prakRti meM bhI parivartana kara detA hai| usake janma ke sAtha hI zItala manda pavana bahane lagatI hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne neminAtha ke janma kA bar3A hI AlAdaka varNana prastuta kiyA hai| janma se pUrva rAjA samadravijaya ke yahA~ navamAsa taka ratnoM kI varSA huii| zrAvaNa kA mahInA A jAne para zukla pakSa SaSThI ke dina rAnI zivA devI ne sampUrNa lokoM ko Anandita karane vAle putra ko janma diyaa| devatAoM ke dedIpyamAna mahotsava vAle usake janmadina meM rAga-rahitatA (parAgazUnyatA) ko pAkara vAyu bhI (dhIre-dhIre) mandatA ko prApta ho gaI / janma ke samaya meM pAritoSika mAMgane vAle prANiyoM kA samUha tathA zaMkha kI dhvani se saMsAra vyApta ho gyaa| abhiSeka karane ke liye tInoM lokoM ke adhipati usa bAlaka ko dekhane aaye| rAjA samudravijaya ke yahA~ janma bhavana meM sAta dIpaka jalAye gaye, aisA mAlUma paDatA thA ki usakI sevA ke lie adbhuta kAnti vAle maharSi hI Aye hoN| 2 jalakrIDAH ____ nemi nirvANa ke AThaveM sarga meM pUrNarUpa se jalakrIr3A kA varNana kiyA gayA hai, jisameM se mukhya varNana isa prakAra hai __ "sAkSAt kAminI priyatamAoM ke sAtha yaduvaMzI rAjA thakakara jalakrIr3A karane ke liye jalAzaya para cale gye| khile huye kamaloM rUpI mukhoM vAle, pakSiyoM ke kUjana ke vArtAlApa se yukta jala ne rAjA kI mitratA se ucita samaya Ananda prApta kiyaa| nirmala jala meM striyoM ke taraMgoM ke kAraNa caMcala pratibimboM se mAnoM jala devatAyeM hI krIr3A karatI huI vicaraNa karane lagI / sundara bhauMhoM vAlI striyoM ne bhI bhayAnaka prANiyoM vAle jala meM bhaya aura krodha ke sAtha praveza kiyaa| taraMgarupI hAthoM se rAniyoM kA AliMgana karake nadI ke prANoM kI taraha pakSI acAnaka ur3a gye| 1. yamaikavRttedhanavAhanasya pracetaso yatra dhanezvarasya / vyAjena jAne jayino janasya vAstavyatAM nityamagardigIzAH / / - neminirvANa,1/57 vajavaniviraheNa hAriNI tatra saMtatamadurdinodayA / ralavRSTirajaniSTa mandire pArthivasya navamAsavartinI / / zuklapakSabhavaSaSThavAsare sAtha mAsi nabhasi prasapati / nandanaM sakalalokanandanaM sakriyeva suSuve samIhitma / / tasya janma-divase divaukasAM dUradIpitamahAmahe muhuH / prApya kAmamaparAgatAmayaM vAyureva kila mandatAM gataH / / bhAvanIyabhavaneSu saMbhavanvyApa vizvamapi zaMkhanisvanaH / jantujAtamiva yAcituM tadA pAritoSikamamuSya janmani / / vizvanAthamabhiSektumeSyatAM vIkSaNArthamiva nAkinAM zriyaH / tulyakAlamRtavaH samAruhAbhUruheSu dhanapuSpabhAriSu / / tasya janmabhavane prabodhitAH sapta maMgalamayasya dIpakAH / AgatA iva divo maharSayaH sevanArthamabhurabhutaprabhAH / / - neminirvANa, 4/12,13,15,17, 20, 23 3. sAkSAdiva smarAkSAbhiH preyasIbhiH samaM nRpaaH| te'tha kartujalakrIDAM jammuH zrAntA jlaashym|| sahAsapuNDarIkAsyaM sAlApaM pakSikUjitaiH / nRpamaitryA dhRtAnandaM sthAne jalamajAyata / / nirmale nitarAM nIre nArINAM pratibimbataiH / kallolalolaiH khelantyoM jaladevyocakrire / / puraH saraiH puropAstakrUrasattveSu vAriSu / subhravaH sabhayotkApaM zataraintaH padaM vyadhuH / / rAjadArAMstaraMAgrahastairAliMGgaya vizrataH / nadasya sahasoiDInAH prANA iva vihaMgamAH / / - neminirvANa, 8/42-46

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neminirvANa meM varNanavaicitrya 177 isa prakAra apanI-apanI udArapaliyoM ke sAtha yAdavoM kI ramaNIya jalakrIr3A ko dekhakara hI mAno sUrya bhI khinna hokara (vizAla) AkAza ko pAra kara apanI kiraNoM meM dina kI zobhA ko sameTa kara samudra ke kinAre calA gayA / madirA pAna nemi nirvANa ke dazaveM sarga meM madirA pAna kA bar3A hI rocaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / lar3akhar3AtI huI vANI vAle, girate huye vastroM vAle, bhUmi para girane ke kAraNa dhUsarita paravaza taruNa madhupAna kI lolupatA ke kAraNa bAlyAvasthA kA anubhava karane lge| atyadhika pIye gaye madirA-jala se caMcala netroM vAlI striyoM ke netrAJcala santuSTa huye kAmadeva ke lAla-lAla kAnti vAle navIna pallavoM kI taraha zobhAvAna hone lge| cakora ke samAna netroM vAlI bAlAyeM sUryakAnta maNiyoM ke pyAloM ke madhya meM pratibimbita priyatamoM ke sAtha madirA ko atyanta Ananda ke sAtha pIne lagI / madirA jala ko pItA huA bhI vaha kAmuka vyakti vitRSNA ko prApta nahIM huA kintu madirA kI zakti se kAMpate hue hAtha se pyAlA svayaM hI gira gayA / kAnoM ke AbhUSaNa rUpa kamaloM ke kAraNa samAgata bhauMroM ke dvArA sarasa gIta gAne para sundara netroM vAlI striyoM kI atyanta ghUmate huye netroM vAlI bhauheM mada ke kAraNa nAcane lgii| "priyatama parakIya vanitA ke sAtha madhu pI rahA hai / " aisA kahe jAne para lAla-lAla netroM vAlI priyatamA turanta gad-gad vANI se kupita ho kara mada kI zobhA ko prApta huI / eka dUsare ke mukha kI madirA ko grahaNa karane ke liye tatkSaNa cumbana ke bhAvoM se yukta phailAyI huI bhujAoM se mile huye priya-yugaloM ne rati ke lie mana banAyA / ava salilavilAsaM yAdavAnamudAraiH, saha nijanijadAraistatravIkSyeva ramyam / dinapatirapi khinnaHkhaM vyatItyAtimAtra, karakalitadina zrIH sAgarAntaM jagAma / / neminirvaNa, 8/80 2. asamagravAgbhiravadhUtagaladvasanairdharApatana cUsaritaiH / madhupAnalaulyavazato vivazairanubhUyate sma taruNaiH zizutA / / atimAtrapItapadirAsalilairupatarpitasya madanasya muhuH / navapallavA iva satAmraruco nayanaMcalAzcaladRzAM vibabhuH / / pratibimbitaistapana kAntadRSaccapakodareSvaya cakoradRzaH / madhu vallabhaiH saha rasAtsahasA vadanairvitAmiva gatairapiban / / na vitRSNatAmupayayau madirAsalilaM pibannapi sa kAmijanaH / / madazaktikampitakarAdamutaH svayameva kiMtu caSakaM vyagalat / / zravaNAvataMsakamalAtithibhirmadhupaiH kRte sarasagatarave / ghanaghUrNamAnanayanAntabhuvA sudRzAM bhuvA madavazAnanRte / / madhupIyate'nyavanitAbhidhayA hRdayezvareNa gaditA dayitA / aruNekSaNA sapadi gadgadavAkkupitA madaniyamavApatamAm / / itaretaraM mukhasurAgrahaNakSaNacumbanopacitabhAvabharaiH / sapadi prasAritabhujAmilitaimithunaratanyata ratAya manaH / / - vahIM,10/3,8,12-16

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178 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana rati krIDA neminirvANa meM madirApAna se masta huye yAdavoM kI rati krIDA kA varNana huA hai jo isa prakAra hai : ratikrIDA ke samaya priyatama dRr3ha AliGgana se kAMpatI huye bhujAoM vAlI koI vadhU prathama AliGgana ko karane meM samartha nahIM huI / gADha AliGgana ke kAraNa ratikrIDA ke parizrama se utpanna pasInA, girate huye maNihAra cUrNa kI taraha priyatama yugala ke zarIra para zobhAyamAna hone lgaa| adharoSTha daMza se vikasita mukha meM praveza karate huye priyAoM ke dA~toM kI kAnti vAle yuvaka ratikrIDA ke samaya sAkSAt nirmala rasa ko pIte huye kI taraha zobhAyamAna hone lge| isa prakAra neminirvANa kAvya meM mahAkAvya ke sabhI varNya viSayoM kA manorama varNana kiyA gayA hai| 1. upagUhataH priyatamasya DhUMDha prathamAnavepathu vihastabhujA / parirambhamagramaNitaM na vadhUrazakadvidhAtumaparA surate / / suratatramaprabhavavArilavaprakaro rarAja mithunasya tanA / / nibiDopagRhanavazena dalamaNihAra cUrNa iva kIrNakaNaH / / adharauSThadaMzavikasadvadanapravizapriyA dazanarAjirucaH / taruNA virejuramalaM surate rasamApibanta iva mUrtidharam / - minirvANa 10/18-20

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adhyAya-chaH (ka) neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti darzana "darzana" kA artha hai "dekhanA" / "dRzyate'neneti darzanam' arthAt jisake dvArA dekhA arthAt vicAra kiyA jAe vaha darzana hai / darzana zabda vyAkaraNa meM dRz dhAtu se karaNa artha meM "lyuT" pratyaya karane para niSpanna hotA hai / saMkSepa meM tattvoM ke yuktipUrvaka sUkSma jJAna ke prayAsa ko darzana kahA jAtA hai / vibhinna bhAratIya darzanoM meM prayukta samyakdarzana isI artha kA paricAyaka hai| bhAratIya darzana kI do pramukha zAkhAyeM - vaidika aura avaidika haiM / prAcIna vargIkaraNa ke anusAra ye hI Astika aura nAstika kahI jAtI haiM / avaidika darzanoM ko nAstika isalie kahA jAtA hai ki ve vedoM ko prAmANika nahIM mAnate (nAstiko vedanindakaH) / parantu yadi sUkSma dRSTi se vicAra kiyA jAe to hama dekhate haiM ki sAMkhya, yoga, nyAya, vaizeSika darzanoM kI utpatti bhI pUrNatayA laukika vicAroM se huI hai / veda avirodhI hone para bhI inakI utpatti vaidika vicAradhArA se nahIM mAnI jA sktii| ataH avaidika darzanoM meM jaina evaM bauddha darzana ko nAstika kahanA samIcIna nahIM hai / kyoMki ye darzana svarga, naraka, mukti Adi pAralaukika tattvoM meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM / yadi pAribhASika rUpa meM veda-virodhI hone se kucha darzanoM ko nAstika kahA jAtA hai to cArvAka, bauddha evaM jaina darzanoM ko nAstika koTi meM rakhA jAnA Azcaryajanaka nahIM hai / kyoMki nizcita rUpa se ye tInoM darzana vaidika vicAradhArAoM se sahamata nahIM haiN| prAcIna paramparA se bhAratIya darzana kA vargIkaraNa bhAratIya darzana Astika nAstika 1. sAMkhya 1. cArvAka 2. yoga 2. bauddha 3. nyAya 3. jaina 4. vaizeSika 5. mImAMsA 6. vedAnta (uttaramImAMsA) 1. samyakdarzanasampannaH karmabhinanibadhyate / darzanana vihInasta saMsAra pratipadyate / / - draSTavya - manusmRti 6/74 2. du0 - bhAratIya darzana (ena iMTroDakzana TU inDiyana philAsphI kA hindI anuvAda) caTTopAdhyAya evaM datta pR0 3-4

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180 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana paraloka meM AsthA rakhane vAle evaM AsthA na rakhane vAloM ke AdhAra para bhAratIya darzanoM kA eka navIna vargIkaraNa bhI saMbhava hai / jo isa prakAra hai : 1.cArvAka .. bhAratIya darzana paraloka virodhI paralokavAdI . 1. bauddha 2. jaina 3. sAMkhya 4. yoga 5. nyAya 6. vaizeSika 7. mImAMsA 8. vedAnta eka tIsarA vargIkaraNa vaidika vicAradhArA evaM avaidika vicAradhArA ke AdhAra para bhI prastuta kiyA jAtA hai / vaidika vicAradhArA meM bhI do prakAra ke darzana haiM : 1. prathama vizuddha rUpa se vaidika vicAradhArA, karmakANDa athavA jJAnakANDa para AdhArita 2. dvitIya laukika vicAroM se prabhAvita bhAratIya darzana veda-virodhI 1. cArvAka 2. bauddha 3. jaina vizuddha vaidika vicAradhArA para Azrita 1. mImAMsA (karmakANDI) 2. vedAnta (jJAnakANDI) laukika vicAradhArA se prabhAvita 1. sAMkhya 2. yoga 3. nyAya 4. vaizeSika

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana 181 bhAratIya darzanoM ke ina tIna vargIkaraNoM meM antima do vargIkaraNa yukti para AdhArita haiM aura prathama vargIkaraNa atizayita vaidika AsthA para AdhArita hai / arvAcIna vidvAnoM ne yukti para AdhArita antima do vargIkaraNoM ko adhika mahattva diyA hai, kyoMki yukti, darzana kA Avazyaka tattva hai| - mahAkavi vAgbhaTa viracita "neminirvANa" eka dArzanika grantha na hokara eka mahAkAvya hai / ataH isa kAvyaM meM kramabaddha rUpa se dArzanikatA dRSTigocara nahIM hotI, parantu mahAkavi vAgbhaTa jaina dharmAnuyAyI the / ataH unake isa kAvya meM jaina darzana kA bahuzaH ullekha huA hai / neminirvANa kAvya ke pandrahaveM sarga meM ise viziSTa rUpa meM dekhA jA sakatA hai / jaina darzana meM jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA, aura mokSa, ina sAta tatvoM ke yathArtha dhyAna, jJAna evaM tadanukUla AcaraNa ko mukti-mArga mAnA hai| kucha jainAcAryoM ne ina sAta tattvoM meM puNya evaM pApa ina do ko jor3akara nau padArtha mAne haiM / ataH neminirvANa meM mukti ke mArga ke rUpa meM samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna evam samyagcAritra rUpa ratnatraya tathA unake AzrayabhUta sAta tattvoM kA hI vivecana huA hai| ratnatraya : jaina darzana meM samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra kI "ratnatraya" saMjJA hai / "samayasAra" evaM "nayacakra" meM ratnatraya ko AtmA rUpa kahA hai / jaina siddhAnta ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyagcAritra se hI mokSa kI prApti hotI hai| ye tInoM "tailavartikAdIpakanyAya" se mokSa ke kAraNa mAne gaye haiM / isIlie tattvArthasUtrakAra AcArya umAsvAmI ne samyak darzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra tInoM ko milakara mokSamArga kI saMjJA dI hai|' samyagdarzana : - tattvoM ke yathArtha zraddhAnako samyagdarzana kahA jAtA hai / jIva, ajIva, Asava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA evaM mokSa ye sAta tattva mAne gaye haiN| samayasAra Adi meM ina sAta ke atirikta "puNya" "pApa" ko bhI grahaNa karane se nau saMkhyA svIkAra kI gaI hai / bhAva yaha hai ki ina tattvoM ke svarUpa ko bhalI bhA~ti jAnakara una para vaisI hI zraddhA karanA, samyakdarzana kahalAtA hai / . neminirvANa, 15/6,15/46 2. nayacakra 323 evaM samayasAra gAthA 1/16 3. syAta smygdrshnjnyaancaaritrtriyaatmkH| mArgomokSasya bhavyAnAM yuktyAgamasunizcitaH / / - tattvArthasAra 1/3 evaM dra0-samayasAra 17 evaM nayacakra 321 4. samyagdarzanajJAnacAritrANi mokssmaargH| - tattvArthasUtra 1/2 5. tatvArthazraddhAnaM samyagdarzanama! jIvAjIvAzravabandhasaMvaranirjarAmokSAstattvam / vahI 12,4 6. bhUdatyeNAbhigadA jIvAjIvA va puNNapAvaM c| AsavasaMvaraNijjarabaMdho mokkho ya sammataM / / samayasAra 1/13

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182 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana samyagjJAna : nayacakra' evaM dravyasaMgraha' ke anusAra AtmA evaM anya vastuoM ke svarUpa ko zana kI nyUnAdhikatA se hIna tathA sandeha evaM viparItatA se rahita jyoM kA tyoM jAnanA samyagjJAna hai I kahalAtA - "viruddhAnekakoTisparzijJAnaM saMzayaH" arthAt "aisA hai ki aisA hai" isa prakAra paraspara viruddhatApUrvaka do prakAra rUpa jJAna ko saMzaya kahate haiN| jaise AtmA apanA kartA hai yA para kA / yaha sIpa hai yA cAMdI, rassI hai yA sarpa, ThUMTha hai yA puruSa Adi / "viparItakoTinizcayo viparyayaH" arthAt vastu-svarUpa se viruddhatApUrvaka aisA hI hai" isa prakAra kA ekarUpa jJAna viparyaya hai jaise zarIra ko AtmA jAnanA / jainAcAryoM ne isake pA~ca bheda batAye haiM - (1) matijJAna, (2) zrutajJAna, (3) avadhijJAna, (4) mana:paryaya aura (5) kevalajJAna / prathama do jJAnoM ko parokSa tathA bAda ke tIna jJAnoM ko pratyakSa jJAna kahA gayA hai / pazcAtvartI dArzanikoM ne ise parokSa ke sAMvyavahArika pratyakSa kI koTi meM rakhakara anya bhAratIya dArzanikoM ke samAna indriya pratyakSa bhI svIkAra kara liyA hai| matijJAna : pA~coM indriyoM aura mana ke dvArA jo jJAna hotA hai, use matijJAna kahate haiM / matijJAna jaba svAnubhUti rUpa ( anubhava sahita ) hotA hai, taba isake prabhAva se hone vAlA jJAna kA vikAsa kevala jJAna ho jAtA hai / zrutajJAna : matijJAna se jAne huye padArtha kA jo vizeSa rUpa se jJAna hotA hai / vaha zruta jJAna hai isake do bheda haiM- akSarAtmaka aura anakSarAtmaka / karNa ke atirikta zeSa 4 indriyoM ke dvArA hone vAle mati jJAna ke pazcAt jo vizeSa jJAna hotA hai vaha anakSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai| jaise svayaM ghaTa ko jAnakara yaha jAnanA ki yaha ghaTa amuka amuka kAma meM A sakatA hai aura karNa indriya ke dvArA hone vAle matijJAna ke pazcAt jo vizeSa jJAna hotA hai vaha akSarAtmaka zruta jJAna hai / jaise "ghaTa" isa zabda ko sunakara karNa indriya ke dvArA jo matijJAna huA usane kevala zabda mAtra ko hI grahaNa kiyA, usake bAda usa "ghaTa" zabda ke vAcya ghar3e ko dekhakara yaha jAnanA ki yaha ghaTa hai aura yaha pAnI bharane ke kAma kA hai yaha akSarAtmaka zrutajJAna hai| yaha zabda-rUpa hone se hita ahita kA nirNaya karane vAlA vikalpa rUpa jJAna hai| yaha zrutajJAna hI kevalajJAna kA upAya hai / 1. vatthUNa jaM sahAvaM jahaTTiyaM jayapamANa taha siddhaM / taM taha va jANaNe iha sammaM pANaM jigAviMti / / - nayacakra - 326 2. saMsayavimohavibdhamavivajjiyaM apparasarUpasya / gahaNaM sammaM NANaM sAyAramaNeya bheyaM tu / / - dravya saMgraha 42 3. matizrutAvadhimana: paryayakevalAni jJAnam / tattvArthasUtra 1 / 9

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana 183 matijJAna dvArA cIMTI khAdyAnna ko grahaNa karake zrutajJAna dvArA iSTa jAnatI hai / isI prakAra agni jo zrutajJAna ke dvArA aniSTa jAna kara haTa jAtI hai / avadhijJAna : . - dravya kSetra kAla bhAva kI maryAdA liye huye rUpI padArtha kA indriyAdika kI sahAyatA binA jo pratyakSa jJAna hotA hai vaha avadhi jJAna hai / manaHparyayajJAna : manuSya loka meM vartamAna jIvoM ke mana meM sthita jo rUpI padArtha hai, jinakA una jIvoM ne sarala rUpa meM yA jaTila rUpa se vicAra kiyA hai yA vicAra kara rahe haiM yA bhaviSya meM vicAra kareMge, unakI mana kI avasthAoM ko spaSTa jAnane vAle jJAna ko manaH paryayajJAna kahate haiM / isa prakAra avadhijJAna aura manaH paryayajJAna kevala rUpI padArtha ko jAnane vAle hone se AtmajJAna aura kevalajJAna meM sahAyaka nahIM haiM / yaha to camatkArika jJAna hai / kevalajJAna : trikAlavartA samasta dravyoM kI saba paryAyoM ko eka sAtha spaSTa jAnane vAle jJAna ko kevalajJAna kahate haiN| samyagcAritra : jo doSa rahita samyagdarzana se vizuddha sabhI guNoM se yukta hai, sukha-duHkha meM bhI samAna rahatA hai, AtmA ke dhyAna meM lIna rahatA hai, rAga-dveSa aura yoga ko haTAkara jo svarUpa ko jAnatA hai vahI samyak cAritra hotA hai / vastutaH saMsAra ko bar3hAne vAle rAgadveSAdi antaraMga kriyAoM aura hiMsA Adi bahiraMga kriyAoM se virakta hokara AtmA kA apane svarUpa meM sthira ho jAnA samyakcAritra kahalAtA hai| .. samyakdarzana, samyakjJAna aura samyakcAritra, ye tInoM milakara mokSa (mukti) ke upAya hote haiM / kisI eka yA kinhIM do ke hone para bhI mukti kI prApti sambhava nahIM hai / sapta tattvoM kA vivecana : "neminirvANa" kAvya ke paMcadaza sarga meM sAta tattvoM kA vivecana huA hai jinakA pRthak-pRthak rUpa se saMkSipta vivecana isa prakAra hai - neminirvANa meM jIva, ajIva, Azrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa ina sapta tattvoM kA varNana karate huye kahA hai ki una tattvoM se tInoM loka vyApta haiM / aura inake jJAna hone se hI antataH mukti prApta hotI hai / yaha bhagavAna jinendra ne kahA hai| 1. upekSaNaM tu cAritraM tattvArthAnAM sunizcitam / tatvArthasAra 1/4 2. jIvAjIvAzravA bandhasaMvarau nirjarAnvitau / mokSazca tAni tattvAni vyApnuvanti jagatrayam / / - neminirvANa, 15/51

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184 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana (1) jIva jIva cetana hotA hai / ina jIvoM meM sabhI kA jJAna bhinna-bhinna hotA hai / jaina darzana ke anusAra jIva yA AtmA ko svadeha parimANa mAnA gayA hai / indriya saMvedana ke AdhAra para jIva ke pAMca bheda mAne gaye haiM - pRthvIkAyika, jalakAyika, agnikAyika, vAyukAyika aura vnsptikaayik| jIvoM kI eka sparzana indriya hotI hai / laTa, zaMkha, joMka, vagairaha ke sparzana-rasanA ye do indriyA~, bhauMrA, makkhI, DAMsa, macchara, ityAdi ke sparzana rasanA ghrANa cakSu ye 4 indriyA~ aura manuSya, pazu, pakSI, mahAmatsya Adi ke pA~ca indriyA~ hotI haiM / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa meM indriya saMvedana ke AdhAra para jIva ke bhedoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai| eka indriya vAle ko sthAvara aura do indriya se paMca indriya vAle ko basa kahA jAtA hai| gati kI apekSA athavA citta ke pariNAmoM kI apekSA se neminirvANa meM jIva ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM / nArakIya, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devatA / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki jo atyadhika parigraha meM rata hiMsaka evaM raudra AtmavRtti vAle hote haiM ve sAta narakoM meM utpanna hote haiN| narakoM kI saMkhyA sAta mAnI gayI hai / "ratna zarkarAbAlukApaMkadhUmatamomahAtamaHprabhA bhUmayodhaghanAmbuvAtAkAzapratiSThAH saptA'dho'dhaH / naraka ke dukhoM kA varNana karate huye neminirvANa meM kahA gayA hai - nArakIya jIvana meM ba~dhate haiM kADhe jAte haiM aura use chedana tathA bhedana (bIMdhane) ko sahana karate haiM, kATe jAte haiM aura bAra-bAra nirdayatA pUrvaka mAre jAte haiM / tapI huI lohe kI zilAoM para baiThanA par3atA hai| lohe kI kIliyoM para sonA par3atA hai tathA khaulate hue tela se sIMce jAte hue ve apane karmoM kA bhoga karate haiM / astroM ke dvArA tAr3ita hone para unake mukhoM se hRdaya me jalatI huI mukharUpI jvAlAoM kI taraha khUna kI dhArAyeM nikalatI rahatI haiM / kAMToM ke agrabhAga ke samAna tIkSNa nAkhUnoM se cIre jAne para vyAkula hokara lAla netroM vAle hokara ve dIrgha kAla taka narakoM ke duHkha ko bhogate haiM / mAyA kaSAya ke udaya se chala prapaMca karane ke kAraNa jisa pazu-pakSI Adi gati ko jIva prApta karatA hai, use tiryaJca gati kahate haiM / neminirvANa meM tiryaJca gati kA varNana karate huye kahA gayA hai ki "yaha mujhe prApta ho yA na ho" isa prakAra ke ArtadhyAna vAle jIva marakara vibhinna tiryaMca yoniyoM meM utpanna hote haiM ve apane karma bandhana kI taraha rassiyoM se bAMdhe jAte haiM / kucha loga una para ArohaNa karake lAThiyoM se unheM atyadhika tAr3ita karate haiM / jaMgaloM 1. cetanAlakSaNo jIvaH zarIraparimApabhAk ! ekendriyAdibhedena paMca yAvatsa jAyate / / - neminirvANa, 15/52 2. vanaspatyantAnAmekam / - tattvArthasUtra 2/22 3. kRmipipIlikAzramaramanuSyAdInAmekaikavRddhAni / vahI, 2/23 4. neminirvANa, 15/53-54 5.neminirvANa,15/55-56 6 . tatvArtha sUtra 31 7. neminirvANa-15/55-60 8. mAvAttairvagyonasya / tattvArtha sUtra 6/16

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana 185 me ghAsa ko khAte huye ThaNDa varSA aura garmI kA duHkha sahate huye hiMsaka prANiyoM aura baheliyoM ke duHkha se vyAkula hokara ve kabhI bhI sukha ko prApta nahIM karate haiM / kucha apavitra padArthoM kA bhojana karate haiM aura kucha sparza ke ayogya hote haiM / kucha mukha meM viSa vAle hote haiM aura kucha ghAva Adi meM kRmi ke rUpa meM bArambAra utpanna hote rahate haiM / Arta aura raudra pariNAma ke sAtha dharmadhyAna se bhAvita prANI marakara karmabhUmi meM manuSya banate haiN| unameM kucha to sundara kheta meM dhAnya kI taraha uttama kula meM utpanna hote haiM aura kucha abhavya apane duSkarmoM ke bhAva se ghuna kI taraha maleccha Adi anAryoM ke malina kula meM utpanna hote haiN| __ jo mana, vacana, kAya se dUsare ko pIr3ita karane kI icchA nahIM karate haiM, ve tapasyA aura dAnAdi ke prabhAva se deva loka meM utpanna hote haiM / vahA~ para divya devAMganAoM ke sukhoM ko bhogate hue samayayApana karate haiM / (2) ajIva : ___ yadyapi mokSa prApti ke liye AtmA hI upAdeya tattva hai / ajIva tattva to heya hai, kintu heya tattva ko jAne binA upAdeya tattva kA Azraya lenA sambhava nahIM hai / isaliye neminirvANa ke pandrahaveM sarga meM prasaMgataH ajIva kA vivecana huA hai / jIva se viparIta lakSaNa vAlA ajIva hotA hai| ajIva tattva jIva tattva kA viparIta hotA hai / jisameM cetanA nahIM hotI vahI ajIva hai / jIva ke lakSaNa se hI ajIva kA lakSaNa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / neminirvANa meM ajIva tattva ko pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA hai - (1) dharma dravya, (2) adharma dravya, (3) aNu, (4) kAladravya, aura (5) AkAza dravya / ' aNu yA mudgala neminirvANa meM prayukta aNu zabda pudgala kA upalakSaNa hai kyoMki anya sabhI jagaha pudgala zabda kA hI prayoga huA hai / inameM se pudgala mUrtikriyA rUpI hai aura zeSa cAroM amUrtikriyA arUpI haiM / aNu yA pudgala dravya hI samagra Arambha kA kAraNa hai| jisakA Tukar3A nahIM ho sakatA hai aise rUpI dravya ko aNu aura aNuoM ke paraspara mizraNa ko skandha kahate haiM / 1. neminirvANa 15/61-64 2. vahI,15/65-67 3. vahI,15/68-69 4. tadviparyayalakSaNo jIvaH / / sarvArthasiddhi1/4 5. dharmAdharmANavaH kAlAkAzau caajiivsNshitaaH| dharmo gatinimittaM syAdadharmaH sthitikAraNam / neminirvANa 15/70 ajIvo puNameo puggala dhammo adhamma AyAsa / kAlo puggala mutto rUThAdiguNoM amukti sesA du|| - dravyasaMgraha - 15

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana 186 dharma dravya : dharmadravya kA prayoga pracalita artha meM na hokara jaina darzana meM pAribhASika artha meM hotA hai / yaha gati meM sahAyaka dravya mAnA jAtA hai| yaha sAre saMsAra meM vyApta rahatA hai akhaNDa tathA phailA huA hai / neminirvANa ke anusAra yaha gati kA nimitta hai / tattvArtha sUtra' Adi granthoM meM yaha vivecana puSTa hai / adharma dravya : jar3a aura jIvoM kI sthiti meM adharma kA upayoga hotA hai| gati karane meM jisa prakAra dharma sahAyaka hotA hai, usI prakAra jIva aura pudgala kI sthiti meM adharma dravya sahAyaka hotA hai / AkAza : AkAza dravya nitya hai, avasthita hai aura arUpI hai| saMsAra meM jIvoM ko aura pudgaloM ko pUrNa rUpa se avakAza detA hai vahI AkAza dravya kahalAtA hai / ' neminirvANa meM AkAza (dravya) ko saMsAra meM sarvatra vyApta aura anazvara kahA gayA hai / " kAla : 1 1 neminirvANa meM kAla dravya ko bhI AkAza dravya ke samAna vyApta aura anazvara kahA gayA hai / kAladravya bhI AkAza Adi kI taraha amUrtika hai / kyoMki usameM rUpa, rasa Adi guNa nahIM pAye jAte haiM / kAla bahupradezIya nahIM hai / kyoMki lokAkAza ke pratyeka pradeza meM eka-eka kAlANuM pRthak-pRthak sthita hai / ve Apasa meM milate nahIM haiM / isalie jaina darzana kala ko dravya mAnate huye bhI anya dravyoM kI taraha "astikAya" nahIM mAnA gayA hai / kAla dravya asaMkhyAta haiM kintu niSkriya haiM, ataH eka sthAna se anya sthAna para nahIM jAte haiM / ve sthita rahate haiM / jitane lokAkAza ke pradeza haiM yahI nizcaya kAla dravya hai / ghar3I, ghaNTA Adi to vyavahArakAla haiM, jo nizcaya kAla dravya ke paryAya haiM / I (3) Anava : minirvANa meM kahA gayA hai ki mana, vacana, kAya kA yoga karmoM kA Asrava kahalAtA hai / yaha Asrava hI sampUrNa saMsAra rUpI nATaka ke Arambha ke liye sUtradhAra kI taraha hai / 1. gatisthityupagrahau dharmAdharmayorUpakAraH / / tattvArthasUtra 5 / 17 2. dharmogatinimittaM syAdadharmaH sthitikAraNam / neminirvANa 15/70 3. nityAvasthitAnyarUpANi / tattvArtha sUtra 5/4 4. AkAzAnte dravyANi svayAkAzate'thavA / dravyANAmAkAzaM vA karotyAkAzamastvataH / tattvArthasAra 3/37 5. jagato vyApakAvetau kAlAkAzavanazvarau / neminirvANa 15 / 71 6. kAyavAGmanasA yogaH karmaNAzrava saMjJitaH / sa hi niHzeSa saMsAranATakArambhasUtrabhRt / / neminirvANa 15/75

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana 187 1 puNya aura pApa rUpa karmoM ke Agamana ke dvAra ko Asrava kahate haiM / jaise nadiyoM dvArA samudra pratidina jala se bharA jAtA hai vaise hI mithyAdarzanAdi srotoM se AtmA meM karma Ate rahate haiM / ataH mithyA darzanAdi Anava haiM / tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki kAya, vacana aura mana kI kriyA ko yoga kahate haiM aura vahI Azrava hai| vAstava meM AtmA ke pradezoM meM jo halana calana hotI hai usakA nAma yoga hai vaha yoga (parispaMdana) yA to zarIra ke nimitta se hotA hai yA vacana nimitta se hotA hai athavA mana ke nimitta se hotA hai / ataH nimitta ke bheda se yoga ke tIna bheda ho jAte haiM - kAya yoga, vacana yoga aura manoyoga / vaha yoga hI Asava hai| Asrava ko dvAra kI upamA dI gaI hai| jisa prakAra nAle Adi ke mukha dvArA sarovara meM pAnI AtA hai usI prakAra yoga dvArA hI karma aura nau-karma vargaNAoM kA grahaNa ho kara unakA AtmA se saMbaMdha hotA hai / isalie yoga ko Asrava kahA hai / I (4) bandha : neminirvANa meM kahA gayA hai ki karmoM aura AtmA kA sambandha bandha kahalAtA hai / zubha aura azubha ke bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai / 2 nayacakra meM kahA gayA hai ki AtmA aura karma pradezoM kA Apasa meM sambandha honA bandha kahalAtA hai / rAjavArtika meM kahA gayA hai ki jo ba~dhe yA jisake dvArA bA~dhA jAye yA bandhana mAtra ko hI bandha kahate haiM / mithyAdarzanAdi dvAroM se Aye hue karma pudgaloM kA Atma pradezoM meM eka kSetrAvagAha ho jAnA ba~dha hai / jaise ber3I Adi se ba~dhA prANI paratantra ho jAtA hai aura icchAnusAra dezAdi meM nahIM jA sakatA usI prakAra karmabaddha AtmA paratantra hokara apanA iSTa vikAsa nahIM kara sakatA hai / aneka prakAra ke zArIrika aura mAnasika duHkhoM se duHkhI hotA hai / (5) saMvara : nirvANa meM kahA gayA hai ki utpanna huye anAbaddha karmoM kA ruka jAnA saMvara kahalAtA hai / " tattvArtha sUtra tattvArthasAra meM saMvara kA yahI kathana kiyA hai AtmA meM jina kAraNoM se karmoM kA Azrava hotA hai, una kAraNoM ko dUra karane se karmoM kA Agamana ruka jAtA hai use saMvara kahate haiM / isake do bheda haiM- bhAva saMvara aura dravya saMvara / zubhAzubha bhAvoM ko rokane meM samartha I 1. kAya vAG manaH karma yogaH / sa AsravaH / tattvArthasUtra 6 / 1-2 2. dRDhaM paricayasthairyaM karmaNAmAtmanazca yat / zubhAnAmazubhAnAM vA bandhaH sa iha budhyatAm / / neminirvANa 15/73 3. kammAdapadesANaM aNaNoNNapavesaNaM kasAyAdo / nayacakra 153 4. badhnati, badhyate'sau badhyate'nena bandhanamAtraM vA bandhaH / rAjacArtika 5/24 5. utpannAnAmanAbaddhakarmaNAmeva saMvRtaH / kriyate yA smarAdInAM saMvaraH saH udAhRtaH / / - neminirvANa 15/72 6. tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 1 7. tattvArthasAra 6 / 2

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188 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana jo zuddhopayoga hai vaha bhAva saMvara hai aura bhAva karma ke AdhAra se navIna pudgala karmoM kA virodha honA dravya saMvara hai / yaha saMvara gupti, samiti, dharma, anuprekSA, pariSahajaya aura cAritra se hotA hai| saMsAra bhramaNa ke kAraNa svarUpa mana, vacana aura kAya ina tIna yogoM ke nigraha karane ko gupti kahate haiM / prANiyoM ko kaSTa na pahu~ce / isa bhAvanA se yalAcAra pUrvaka pravRtti karanA samiti hai / jo AtmA ko saMsAra ke duHkhoM se chuTAkara usake iSTa sthAna meM dharatA hai vaha dharma hai / saMsAra zarIra Adi kA svarUpa bAra-bAra cintavana karanA so anuprekSA hai / bhUkha-pyAsa Adi kA kaSTa hone para karmoM kI nirjarA ke liye zAnta bhAvoM se sahana karane ko pariSahajaya kahate haiM / rAgadveSa ko sahana karane ke liye jJAnI puruSa kI caryA ko cAritra kahate haiN| (6) nirjarA : karmoM ke phaloM kA bhogapUrvaka nAza ho jAnA nirjarA kahalAtI hai nirjarA ke hone para yaha AtmA darpaNa kI taraha nirmala ho jAtA hai / tapa-vizeSa se saMcita karmoM kA kramazaH aMzarUpa se jhar3a jAnA nirjarA hai / jisa prakAra mantra yA auSadhi Adi se niHzakti kiyA huA viSa doSa utpanna nahIM karatA, usI prakAra tapa Adi se nIrasa kiye gaye karma saMsAra cakra ko nahIM calA sakate / (7) mokSa : neminirvANa meM kahA gayA hai ki aneka janmoM se bandhe huye sabhI karmoM ke chUTa jAne se AtmA kI eka sthiti hone ko, mokSa kahA jAtA hai / tattvArtha-sUtra Adi granthoM meM bhI isI prakAra kA svarUpa diyA gayA hai / samyagdarzanAdi kAraNoM se sampUrNa karmoM kA Atyantika mUloccheda honA mokSa hai / jisa prakAra bandhana yukta prANI svataMtra hokara yatheccha gamana karatA hai usI taraha karma bandhanamukta AtmA svAdhIna ho apane ananta jJAna darzana sukha Adi kA anubhava karatA hai| tattvArthasUtra meM kahA gayA hai ki mithyAtva avirati, pramAda, kaSAya aura yoga ina bandha ke kAraNoM ke abhAva meM naye karmoM kA abhAva tathA pUrva karmoM ke jhar3a jAne se samasta karmoM kA atyanta abhAva ho jAnA mokSa hai / arthAt mithyA darzanAdi kAraNoM kA abhAva ho jAne se naye karmoM kA bandha honA ruka jAtA hai aura tapa ityAdi ke dvArA pahale bandhe huye karmoM kI nirjarA ho jAtI hai / ataH AtmA sarva karma bandhanoM se chUTa jAtA hai / isI kA nAma mokSa hai| 1. tattvArtha sUtra 9/4 2. karmaNAM phUlabhogena saMkSayo nirjarA matA / bhUtyAdarza ivAtmAyaM tayA svacchatvamRcchati / / neminirvANa 15/74 3. anekajanmabaddhAnAM sarveSAmapi karmaNAm / vipramokSaH smRto mokSa AtmanaH kevalasthite / / neminirvANa 15/76 4. bandhahetvabhAva-nirjarAbhyAM-kRtsnakarmavipramokSo mokSaH / tattvArthasatra 10/2

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana 189 isa prakAra neminirvANa kAvya meM mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne AtmajJAna ke lie Avazyaka ajIva tattva bandha ke kAraNa rUpa Asrava, duHkharUpa bandha aura mokSa ke kAraNa rUpa saMvara tathA nirjarA kA varNana kiyA hai / yaha samagra varNana mokSa ke kAraNarUpa samyak zraddhA ke liye kiyA gayA hai / dhyAna : ekAgra cintA ke nirodha ko dhyAna kahate haiM / yadyapi dhyAna kI sthiti uttama saMhanana vAle ko antarmuhUrta taka hI hotI hai| kintu dhyeya badala jAne para bhI dhyAna kI bhAvanA calatI rahatI 1 hai / isaliye badalate huye dhyeya kI bhAvanA ke sAtha dhyAna adhika samaya taka bhI raha sakatA hai paM0 ToDaramala ne likhA hai ki "eka kA mukhya ciMtana hoya ara anya ciMtA ruke, tAkA nAma dhyAna hai / jo sarva cintA rukane kA nAma dhyAna hoya to acetanamana ho jAye / bahuri aisI bhI vividhatA hai jo saMtAna apekSA nAnA jJeya kA bhI jAnanA hoya, parantu yAvat vItarAgatA rahe rAgAdika kari Apa upayoga ko bhramAve nAMhI tAvat nirvikalpa dazA kahiye hai" / gati ko apekSA jIva ke nArakIya, tiryaJca, manuSya aura devatA ye cAra bheda karate hue unakI pravRttiyoM ke sandarbha meM neminirvANa meM dhyAnoM kA vivecana huA hai / dhyAna ke cAra bheda hote haiM - Arta, raudra, dharma, zukla / inameM antima do dhyAna mokSa ke kAraNa haiM / dharmadhyAna paramparA se tathA zukla dhyAna sAkSAt mokSa kA kAraNa hai| inameM se prArambha ke do dhyAna aprazasta haiM aura saMsAra ke kAraNa haiM / - (1) ArtadhyAna duHkha ke anubhava ke samaya cintA kA honA ArtadhyAna hai / yaha aniSTa saMyoga iSTa viyoga, pIr3A tathA nidAna se hotA hai| viSa, kAMTA, zatru Adi apriya vastuoM kA samAgama hone para tajjanya pIr3A se vyAkula hokara usa vastu ke viyoga ke liye satata cintA karanA aniSTa saMyogaja ArtadhyAna hai / yaha dhyAna dveSa bhAva se hotA hai iSTa padArtha kA ( putra, dhana, strI) viyoga hone para usake saMyoga ke liye bArambAra vicAra karanA so iSTa viyogaja nAma kA ArtadhyAna hai / roga janita pIr3A hone para use dUra karane ke lie rAta-dina satata cintA karate rahanA so vedanA janya ArtadhyAna hai / bhogoM kI tRSNA se pIr3ita hokara rAta dina AgAmI bhogoM ko prApta karane kI hI cintA banI rahanA nidAna ArtadhyAna hai / ' ArtadhyAna tiryaMca gati kA kAraNa hotA hai / 1 (2) raudra dhyAna raudra kA artha hai nirdayatA- krUratA / nirdaya, yA krUra pariNAmoM se hone vAle dhyAna ko raudradhyAna kahate haiM / yaha hiMsA, asatya, corI aura viSayoM ke saMrakSaNa ke bhAva se avirata aura 1. uttamasaMhanana syaikAgracintAnirodho dhyAnamAntarmuhUrtAt / / 2. mokSamArgaprakAzaka pR0 211 4. Arta-raudra-dharma-zuklAni / paremokSahetU / / tattvArtha sUtra 28-29 - tattvArthasUtra 9/27 3. neminirvANa, 15/56-61, 65 5. tattvArthasUtra 9/30-33

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190 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana deza - virata guNasthAnoM meM hotA hai / raudra dhyAna naraka gati kA kAraNa hai / raudra dhyAnI jIva hiMsA jhUTha corI viSaya - saraMkSaNa yA parigraha meM Ananda mAnakara unhIM kI cintA meM rata rahatA hai / (3) dharma dhyAna zubha rAga aura sadAcAra ke poSaNa kA cintana karanA dharma dhyAna hai / yaha dhyAna AjJA, apAya, vipAka aura saMsthAna vicaya ina cAra nimittoM se hotA hai| ataH cAra prakAra kA hai / 2 acche upadeza ke na hone se, apanI buddhi ke maMda hone se aura padArtha ke sUkSma hone se jaba yukti aura udAharaNa kI gati na ho to aisI avasthA meM sarvajJa deva ke dvArA kahe gaye Agama ko pramANa mAnakara gahana padArtha kA zraddhAna kara lenA ki yaha aisA hI hai, AjJAvicaya hai| athavA svayaM tattvoM kA jAnakAra hote huye bhI dUsaroM ko una tattvoM ko samajhAne ke liye yukti dRSTAnta Adi kA vicAra karate rahanA AjJAvicaya dharmadhyAna hai / svayaM ke aura saMsArI jIvoM ke duHkha kA vicAra karanA aura usase chUTane ke upAya kA ciMtavana karanA apAya vicaya dharmadhyAna hai| dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhava aura bhAva inakI apekSA karma kaise-kaise phala dete haiM, isakA satata vicAra karanA vipAka vicaya dharmadhyAna hai| loka ke AkAra aura usake svarUpa ke vicAra meM apane citta ko lagAnA saMsthAna vicaya dharmadhyAna hai / dharmadhyAna manuSya gati evaM devagati kI prApti kA hetu hai / (4) zukla dhyAna kaSAya rahita bhAvoM se kisI eka padArtha para citta kA laganA zukla dhyAna kahalAtA hai| isase pariNAmoM meM nirmalatA AtI haiM zukla dhyAna sAkSAt mokSa kA hetu hai| zukla dhyAna ke cAra bheda kiye gaye haiM - pRthaktva vitarka, ekatva vitarka, sUkSmakriyApratipAti aura vyuprtkriyaanirvRtti| mana vacana kAya ke dvArA aneka bhedoM se yukta dravyoM kA dhyAna pRthaktvavitarka nAbha kA zukla dhyAna hai / mana vacana kAya meM se kisI eka yoga ke dvArA eka dravya kA dhyAna ekatva vitarka zukla dhyAna hai| kAya yoga kI sUkSma kriyAoM ke kAla meM jo dhyAna hotA hai, vaha sUkSmakriyA pratipAti zukta dhyAna hotA hai / vyuparatakriyA nirvRtti nAmaka zukla dhyAna yoga rahita jIva ko hotA hai / anya jIvoM ke liye durlabha hai / 1 paMca pApa : nirvANa ke trayodazasarga meM paMca pApoM ke tyAga kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai / " (1) hiMsA pramAda - kaSAya-rAga-dveSa (avanAcAra ke sambandha) athavA pramAdI jIva ke mana vacana kAya yoga se jIva apane tathA dUsaroM ke bhAva athavA dravya prANoM kA athavA donoM kA ghAta karanA hiMsA hai / " yaha hiMsA cAra prakAra kI ho sakatI hai - jo hiMsA gRhasthiyoM ko khAnA banAne, 1. tattvArtha sUtra 9 / 35 4. neminirvANa, 13/8-9 2. vahI, 9 / 36 3. vahI, 9 / 39 5. pramattayogAt prANavyaparopaNaM hiMsA / tatvArtha sUtra 7 /13

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana .. 191 zarIra, makAna Adi ke svaccha rakhane meM hotI hai use ArambhI hiMsA kahate haiM / jo AjIvikA ke liye koI yogya vyavasAya ke karane meM hotI hai vaha udyogI hiMsA hotI hai, jo cora Adi atyAcAriyoM se apanI va apane dhana jana kI rakSA meM hotI hai use virodhI hiMsA kahate haiM tathA jo hiMsA kevala kisI ke prANa lene athavA duHkha pahu~cAne ke saMkalpa ke irAde se kI jAtI hai, use saMkalpI hiMsA kahate haiM / ina cAra prakAra kI hiMsA meM se gRhastha kevala saMkalpI hiMsA kA tyAgI ho sakatA hai| (2) anRta - pramAda ke yoga se jIvoM ko duHkhadAyaka athavA mithyA rUpa vacana bolanA asatya hai / anRta cAra prakAra kA hai - avidyamAna, padArtha kA kathana karanA, vidyamAna vastu kA niSedha karanA, viparIta vacana tathA pIr3AkArI evaM garhita vacana bolanA / (3) steya binA dI huI vastu kA lenA steya arthAt corI hai / (4) abrahma ___ maithuna ko abrahma arthAt kuzIla kahate haiN| strI aura puruSa kA jor3A mithuna kahalAtA hai aura cAritra mohanIya karma kA udaya hone para rAga pariNAma se yukta hokara unake dvArA kI gaI parzana Adi kriyA (maithuna) abrahma hai / (5) parigraha kisI bhI para vastu meM mUrchA Asakti-mamatva-lInatA parigraha hai| parigraha ke do bheda haiM - antaraMga aura bAhya parigraha / antaraMga parigraha 14 prakAra kA hai - mithyAtva, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, strIveda, puruSaveda, napusaMkaveda / bAhya parigraha 10 prakAra kA hai - kSetra, vAstu, sonA, cA~dI, dhana, dhAnya, dAsa, dAsI, vastra, brtn| isa prakAra donoM prakAra kA milA kara parigraha 24 prakAra kA batAyA hai| karma : mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne tIrthaGkaroM kI stuti ke prasaMga meM tIrthaGkara aranAtha kI stuti karate huye inheM karmoM se mukta hone ke lie namaskAra kiyA hai / karma sAMsArika bandhana rUpa haiM / ye sabhI karma pudgala ke pariNAma haiM ataH para padArtha haiM / karmoM se chuTakArA pAye binA mukti sambhava nahIM hai / karma do prakAra ke hote haiM - dravya karma aura bhAva karma / 1. asadabhidhAnamanRtam, tattvArthasUtra 7/14 3. maithunamabrahma - tattvArthasUtra 7/16. 6. neminirvANa, 1/18 2. adattAdAnasteyam / tattvArthasUtra 7/15 5. mUcchapirigrahaH / tattvArtha sUtra 7/17

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192 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana jJAnAvaraNa, darzanAvaraNa, moha aura antarAya ye cAra ghAtI evaM vedanIya, Ayu, nAma aura gotra ye cAra aghAtI milakara ATha dravya karma haiM tathA jJAnAvaraNa Adi karmoM se utpanna hone vAle moha AdibhAva bhAva-karma kahalAte haiM / jo AtmA ke jJAna guNa ko Dhake hai vaha jJAnAvaraNa karma, jo AtmA ke darzana guNa ko Dhake hai darzanAvaraNa karma, jo darzana moha kA svabhAva tattvArtha zraddhAna na hone denA hai aura cAritra moha kA svabhAva saMyama ko rokanA hai yAni jo moha rAga aura dveSa bhAva ke utpanna hone meM nimitta hai vaha moha karma tathA jo dAna, lobha, bhoga upabhoga, vIrya meM vina DAlatA hai vaha antarAya karma, jo bAhya sAmagrI ke Alambana pUrvaka sukha-duHkha kA vedana karAne meM nimitta hai vaha vedanIya, jo AtmA ko naraka, tiryaMca, manuSya yA deva zarIra (bhava) meM roke rahe vaha Ayu karma, jo nAnA prakAra ke zarIra va zArIrika vividha avasthAoM ke hone meM nimitta ho vaha nAma karma, tathA jo U~ca nIca kula meM paidA hone meM nimitta ho vaha gotra karma, kahalAte haiN| tapa: neminirvANa meM aneka sthaloM para tapa kA varNana kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ kahA gayA hai ki yadyapi tapasyA mahattvapUrNa hai tathApi prANI-vadha meM abhiruci rakhane vAle kI tapasyAyeM vyartha haiM / jaina darzana meM evaM AcAra meM tapa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai kyoMki tapa saMvara ke sAtha-sAtha nirjarA kA bhI kAraNa hai / tapa ke prabhAva se naye karmoM kA saMvara hotA hai aura prAcIna karmoM kI nirjarA hotI hai / tapa kA pradhAna phala karmoM kA nAza honA, evaM gauNa phala sAMsArika aizvarya kI prApti hai / tapa AtmA se karma maila ko haTA detA hai tathA isase kAmavAsanA naSTa hotI hai / isa prakAra tapa se karmoM kI avipAka nirjarA hotI hai, jo mokSa kA sAkSAtkAraNa hai / isI lie daza dharmoM meM bhI tapa ko parigaNita kiyA gayA hai / tapa bAhya aura Abhyantara bheda se do prakAra kA hotA hai / bAhya tapa: jisameM zArIrika kriyAoM kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura jo dUsaroM ko dekhane meM bhI AtA hai vaha bAhya tapa hai / isake chaH bheda haiN| (1) anazana - ise upavAsa bhI kahate haiN| (2) avamaudarya - bhUkha se kama khAnA avamaudarya tapa hai| (3) vRtiparisaMkhyAna - pratijJA evaM rIti ke anusAra AhAra milane para hI grahaNa karanA / (4) rasa parityAga - indriyoM ke damana ke liye ghI, dUdha Adi kA yathAzakti tyAga / (5) vivikta zayyAsana - brahmacarya Adi kI siddhi ke liye ekAnta meM zayana evaM aasn| (6) kAyakleza - pariSaha sahana ke liye padmAsana Adi lagAnA / 1. neminirvANa, 13/18-19

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - darzana 193 antaraMga tapa: jisameM mAnasika kriyA kI pradhAnatA hotI hai aura dUsare ko dikhAI nahIM par3atA hai use antaraMga tapa kahate haiM / isake bhI chaha bheda haiM :(1) prAyazcita - pramAda janita doSoM kA zodhana karanA prAyazcita hai / (2) vinaya - pariNAmoM ko komala banAnA vinaya tapa hai| (3) vaiyAvRtya - bhaktibhAva sahita pUjyapuruSoM kI sevA vaiyAvRtya hai / (4) svAdhyAya - zAstroM kA Alasya rahita abhyAsa svAdhyAya hai| (5) vyatsarga - bAhya Abhyantara parigraha ko tyAganA, tathA bhAvoM ko niHsaMga zuddha bnaanaa| (6) dhyAna - vikalparUpa citta kI caMcalatA kA tyAga / anekAMta : anekAMta kA artha hai paraspara virodhI do tatvoM kA ekatra saMmanvaya / tAtparya yaha hai ki jahA~ dUsare darzanoM meM vastu ko kevala sat yA asat sAmAnya yA vizeSa, nitya yA anitya, eka yA aneka aura bhinna yA abhinna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / vahA~ jaina darzana meM vastu ko sat aura asat, sAmAnya aura vizeSa, nitya aura anitya, eka aura aneka tathA bhinna aura abhinna svIkAra kiyA gayA hai aura jaina darzana kI yaha mAnyatA paraspara virodhI do tatvoM ke ekatra samanvaya ko sUcita karatI hai / / neminirvANa meM prathama sarga meM pArzvanAtha bhagavAna kI stuti karate huye unheM anekAnta kA vidhAna karane vAlA kahA hai / 1. tapasA nirjarA ca - tattvArtha sUtra-8/3 1. nyAvadIpikA pR0 3 2. minirvANa 1/23

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adhyAya (kha) neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti saMskRti tatkAlIna saMskRti kI amiTa chApa usa samaya ke sAhitya para par3anA svAbhAvika hI hai kyoMki lekhaka athavA kavi eka yuga nirmAtA hotA hai / vaha pUrNarUpa se saMskRti se jur3A hotA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa apane yuga ke eka sajaga praharI haiM, jinhoMne apane kAvya neminirvANa meM aneka sAMskRtika tathyoM ko prastuta kiyA hai / kavi ne jIvana kA sabhI dRSTiyoM se vivecana prastuta kiyA hai / dvIpa, kSetra, janapada, parvata, nadiyA~, vRkSa puSpa, pazu, pakSI, nagara, grAma, bhavana, vyavasAya, zikSA, parivAra Adi kA varNana neminirvANa meM huA hai / jinakA saMkSepa meM sAMskRtika vizleSaNa prastuta hai| sAhitya meM sAMskRtika pariveza kA ati mahattva hai / isake arntagata samAja, usakA, rahana-sahana, AcAra-vicAra, rAjanIti, arthanIti, tathA anya sabhI pahalU vicAraNIya hote haiM / ataH kavi ke lie bhUgola kA jJAna usake kAvyAdhyayana ke lie aparihArya hai| dvIpa: neminirvANa meM jambUdvIpa kA ullekha jaina paramparA ke anusAra hI huA hai / / yaha dvIpa lavaNa samudra se ghirA hai aura isake bIca meM sumeru parvata hai| isameM jambU vRkSa hone ke kAraNa isa dvIpa kA nAma jambUdvIpa par3A hai / isakA vistAra eka lAkha yojana tathA paridhi tIna lAkha solaha hajAra do sau sattAIsa yojana tIna kosa eka sau aTThAIsa dhanuSa sADhe teraha aMgula batAI hai / isakA ghanAkAra kSetra sAta sau nabbe karor3a chappana lAkha caurAnaveM hajAra eka sau pacAsa yojana hai| puSkarAI dvIpa : nemi nirvANa meM yaha puSkarArddha dvIpa nAma AyA hai| isa dvIpa kA puSkara dvIpa athavA puSkarArdha ye donoM hI nAma Aye haiN| isakA AkAra cUr3I ke samAna hai / isameM parvata aura nadiyA~ bar3I vizAla haiM / bIca meM puSkara vRkSa hone se isakA yaha nAma pdd'aa| isake bIcoM bIca mAnuSottara parvata hone se yaha do bhAgoM meM ba~Ta gayA hai| ataH Adhe dvIpa ko puSkarArdha yaha nAma prApta huA hai| parvata : . sAMskRtika upAdAnoM ke antargata parvatoM kA bar3A kI mahattva hai / deza kI sImAoM kI rakSA kI dRSTi se tathA jalavAyu tathA prAkRtika vAtAvaraNa meM parvatoM kA bar3A yoga hotA hai / ye deza kI sImA para praharI ke samAna kArya karate haiM / 1. miniSi, 5/58,13/65 2.AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata pR0 41 3. minirvANa, 13/52 4. yatra jambUvRkSastava puSkaraM saparivAram tat eva asya dvIpasya nAma rUDhaM puSkaradvIpa iti ..... manuSottarazailena vibhaktArdhavyAtpuSkarAdha saMjJA sarvArthasiddhi 3.34 sUtra kI vyAkhyA /

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti 195 neminirvANa me govardhana', sumeru', mandAra, meru, suparva', kailAza', malaya", raivataka', mandrA, ajjanA , tathA vindhyAra parvatoM ke nAma Aye haiN| nadiyA~: parvatoM kI taraha nadiyoM kA bhI ati mahattva hai / ye prakRti kA varadAna tathA abhizApa svarUpa hotI haiM / bhUmi kI upajAU zakti ko banAne meM nadiyA~ eka vizeSa kArya karatI haiN| pahale to AvAgamana kI suvidhA na hone se yaha kArya nadiyoM para Azrita hotA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki prAcIna bahuta se bar3e bar3e nagara nadiyoM para hI base haiN| neminirvANa meM bhI aneka nadiyoM kA ullekha huA hai jo isa prakAra haiM-sindhu2, yamunA, kalindakanyA, mandAkinI5, gaMgA, mAlinI, janutanayA, tamasAra, meklknyaa| vana evaM udyAna : bhaugolika dRSTi se vanoM va udyAnoM kA ati mahattva hai / vividha prakAra kI bhUmi aura jalavAyu ke kAraNa vibhinna vanaspatiyA~ udyAnoM evaM vanoM meM utpanna hotI haiM, jo bar3I hI lAbha dAyaka hai / tathA jIvanopayogI haiM / isI prakAra udyAna manoraJjana tathA krIr3A ke pramukha sAdhana haiM / jinakA manorama aura manohara vAtAvaraNa mana ko AkarSita karatA hai / neminirvANa meM tIna vanoM yA udyAnoM ke nAma ullikhita hai| krIDAvanA2 ambhojavana celUvana" deza kI samRddhi ke liye vRkSa ati Avazyaka upAdAna haiM jahA~ vRkSa aura latAyeM zobhAvarddhaka hotI haiM, vahIM dUsarI ora inase bahumUlya lakar3iyA~ tathA pauSTika phala-phUla bhI prApta hote haiN| neminirvANa meM vibhinna prakAra ke vRkSoM kA varNana milatA hai / jaise - paurANika vRkSoM meM kalpadruma / kalpavRkSa kA ullekha bhAratIya sAhitya meM bahutAyata se huA hai| yogabhUmi meM manuSyoM kI sampUrNa AvazyakatAoM ko cintanA mAtra se pUrI karane vAle kalpavRkSa hote haiN| 3. vahIM, 5/21,7/20 6. vaha, 5/67 1. neminirvANa 1/89 4. vahIM, 5/16,11/56 7. vahI, 6/20 9. vahI,11/37,49 12. vahI, 1/35 15. vahI, 3/36 18. vahI, 9/35 21. kahI, 8R 24. vahI, 5/44,7 2. vahIM, 5/3, 53 5. vahI, 5/40 8. vahI, 6/50,10/46,13/84 10. vahI,12/37 13. vahI,1/74 16. vahI, 5/60 19. vahI, 9/12, 24 22. vahI, 810,59 11. vahIM, 13/26 14. vahI, 1/76 17. vahIM,7/38 20. vahIM,13/31 23. vahIM,8/49

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana isake atirikta zAla', balli, arjuna, kairava', candana", azoka, vetasa", tamAla', zaivAla, kurabaka, sahakAra" (Ama) 196 madana' 2, bandhUka' 3, campaka' 4, rambhA15, (kadalI), tilaka 6, karNikA, kadambaka, ketakI, tAla, mauli, bakula 22 / puSpa : neminirvANa meM vibhinna prakAra ke zobhAdAyaka aura sugaMdhita puSpoM kA ullekha milatA hai jinameM mukhya rUpa se japAkusuma 3, puNDarIka24, (padma) (kamala) (rAjIvanI) (paMkaja) (ambhoruha ) ( saroja) nIlotpala 25, kairava, padminI 27, (nalinI), saroruha7, bandhUkara 9, pArijAta, kiMzuka", bakula, aravinda, campaka, Adi puSpoM ke nAma Aye haiM / pazu : neminirvANa meM varNita pazuoM meM gau (gAya) 35, kuraGga (hariNa), kezarI (siMha) 37, mRga, zivA", camarI, turaMga (ghor3A), gajara, mahiSa 3, devakarI 4, (airAvata - indra kA hAthI) 45, vRSa, 3. vahI, 1/32 1. neminirvANa, 1/34 4. vahI, 3/4 6. vahI, 3/28, 5/2, 6/30, 8/8, 7/38 9. vahI, 5/41, 49, 8/55 12. yahI, 6/42, 8/7 16. vahI, 7/51, 12/5 19. vahI, 8/56 22. vahI, 6/23, 47 24. vahI, 1/37, 1/1, 1/12, 3/14, 8/7, 1/44, 1/55, 1/13, 7/25, 32, 8/43 25. vahI, 1/76 26. vahI, 3/4, 3/31, 7/15 28. vahI, 3/23 27. vahI, 3/9, 3/10, 8/57 30. vahI, 4/3 33. vahI, 8/82 2. vahI, 1/70 5. vahI, 3/15 7. vahI, 4/33, 55, 10. vahI, 6/25 13. vahI, 7/4 17. vahI, 8/8 36. vahI, 1/40, 2/52, 7/45 38. vahI, 1/43, 3/15 40. vahI, 1/68, 7/42, 7/53 42. vahI, 4/16, 5/41, 3/21 44. vahI, 4/34 20. vahI, 8 / 16 23. vahI, 1/12, 3/12 8. vahI, 5/2, 58 19. vahI, 8 / 16 15. vahI, 7/50, 8/10 18. vahI, 8/10 29. vahI, 8/19 29. vahI, 7/4 32. vahI, 6/23, 47 35. vahI, 1/29 31. vahI, 6/38, 6/41 34. vahI, 1/48, 6/29 37. vahI, 1/43, 4/16, 8/2 39. vahI, 1/61, 7/44 49. vahI, 3/14, 5/38, 5/41 43. vahI, 4/31, 9/27 45. vahI, 5/4, 12 46. vahI, 6/16, 13/47

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti 197 hariNI', gajendra (gajarAja) nandinI (kAmadhenu), zArdUla', zvApada', zaza(kharagoza), sAraMga (hariNa)", zUkara haiM / jalacaroM meM mIna', makara", Adi haiN| pakSI : neminirvANa meM pakSiyoM kA ullekha nimna prakAra hai - balAkAra, rAjahaMsa'2, bhramara (madhukara) ,ga, ali, madhupa, SaTapada3, cakora 14, kokApa, ullUkara, zikhi", marAla (haMsa)8, kokila (pika), mayUra, suracakra" (cakravAka), madhukarI22 (bhauMrI), zuka (totA)22, kiir"| deza: nemi nirvANa meM deza kA varNana nimna prakAra hai - bhArata25, janapada, nagara, grAma surASTra : bhArata deza meM saurASTra yA surASTra janapada meM kAThivAr3a tathA usakA nikaTavartI pradeza sammilita thA / isakI rAjadhAnI dvArakAra6 thI / mahAbhArata meM sahadeva dvArA surASTra ko jIte jAne kA ullekha hai / giranAra parvata isI deza meM hone ke kAraNa tathA somanAtha ke maMdira ke kAraNa isakA bahudhA ullekha milatA hai| neminirvANa meM surASTra deza kA varNana huA hai| jisameM dvArAvatI (dvArakA) nagarI hai| kurujAMgala : neminirvANa ke trayodaza sarga meM kurujAMgala deza kA varNana AyA hai / 28 antima kulakara nAbhirAya ke prathama putra tIrthaGkara RSabhadeva ne bharata kSetra ko janapadoM evaM khaNDoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA / inameM eka kurujAMgala nAmaka janapada bhI thA / kurujAMgala kI rAjadhAnI hastinApura yA gajapura 1. neminirvANa, 7/15 2. vahI, 7/30, 35 3. vahI, 7/37 4. vahI,7/45 5. vahI, 7/45 6. vahI, 9/21, 9/25 7. vahI, 13/55 8. vahI,13/16 9. vahI, 9/4 10. vahI, 9/4 11. vahI, 1/32 12. vahI, 1/37, 4/48, 58 13. vahI, 1/45, 3/14, 3/11, 9/17,7/20,7/37 14. vahI, 2/23, 3/11,15,10/12 15. vahIM, 3/4 16. vahI, 3/20, 9/16 17. vahI, 4/55, 6/8,7/26 18. vahIM, 5/49 19. vahI, 691, 29, 39, 43, 47, 7/35 20. vahIM, 7/36 21. vahI, 8/13 22. vahI.841 23. vahIM, 9/3 24. vahI, 11/20 25. vahIM,13/26 26. mahAbhArata sabhAparva 28.40 27. neminirvANa,1/28 28. vI,13/75

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198 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana thii| hastinApura vartamAna meM uttara pradeza ke meraTha jile meM hai, jo jainadharmAnuyAyiyoM kA prasiddha tIrthakSetra hai / yahA~ 16 veM zAntinAtha, 17 veM kunthunAtha aura 18 veM aranAtha tIrthaGkaroM kA janma huA thA / ye tInoM pAMcaveM chaTe aura sAtaveM cakravartI bhI the / isake atirikta amarAvatI, avApura tathA amaranagara nAmoM kA ullekha milatA hai| dvArakA purI : surASTra janapada kI rAjadhAnI dvArakA purI thI jo neminAtha kI janmabhUmi hai / neminirvANa me dvArakA purI kA anekadhA varNana huA hai jo prasaMgavaza pahale adhyAya meM diyA jA cukA hai| siMhapura : ___ jambU dvIpa meM siMhapura nAma kA eka nagara hai / isa janapada ke gA~va meM bhagavAna neminAtha pUrvajanma meM utpanna huye| zrIgAndhila : yaha siMhapura janapada kA eka gA~va hai jahA~ para bhagavAna neminAtha ke pUrvajanma kA utpanna honA mAnA gayA hai| AvAsa : neminirvANa meM vividha AvAsoM kA varNana huA hai / harmya : harmya ko sAta maMjila vAlA bhavana kahA hai / harmya kI chata bahuta U~cI hotI thI / mahAkavi kAlidAsa ne apane meghadUta kAvya meM harmya kA nirdeza kiyA hai / harmya U~cI aTTAlikA vAle aise bhavana the jinameM kapota bhI nivAsa karate the / amara koSa meM dhanikoM ke bhavana ko harmya kahA hai| neminirvANa meM dvArakApurI ko vibhinna hoM vAlI kahA gayA hai / prAsAda : prAsAda racanA vAstukalA kA eka mahattvapUrNa aMga hai / prAsAda zabda sAdhAraNataH rAjAoM ke mahaloM ke lie prayoga kiyA jAtA hai parantu vAstu-zAstrIya paribhASA meM prAsAda kA tAtparya vizuddha rUpa meM deva-mandira se haiM / prAsAda meM rAja zabda jor3a dene se rAjaprAsAda yA rAjamahala kA bodhaka ho jAtA hai / ataH prAsAda zabda rAjamahaloM athavA devamandiroM ke lie prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / neminirvANa meM prAsAda zabda kA prayoga huA hai| 1. pAvanatIrtha hastinApura pR04 (do zabda) 2. neminirvANa, 215 3. vahIM, 5/12 4. vahI,7/16 5. dra0 neminirvaNa,12/24 6. vahI,13/65 7. vaha,13/65 8. hAdi dhaninaM vAsaH - amarakoza, 2/9 9. neminirvANa, 1/46

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti . 199 sadma : .. sabhA, vApikA, vimAna tathA bAga-bagIce se suzobhita bhavana ko sadma kahate haiM / rAjabhavana ko rAjasadma kahA jAtA hai / neminirvANa meM sama zabda kA ullekha tRtIya sarga meM huA hai| zAlA: zAlA - bhavanoM kI paramparA bahuta prAcIna hai / zAlA eka prakAra kA harmya yA bhavana hotA hai / maMtrazAlA, yajJazAlA, gauzAlA, gajazAlA, pAThazAlA, azvazAlA, pAkazAlA Adi isake paricAyaka haiM / neminirvANa meM sphaTikamaNiyoM se nirmitazAlA (sphaTikAzmazAlA) kA nAma AyA hai / mandira : mandira zabda ke do artha hote haiM - ghara (bhavana) tathA nagara / amarakoza meM mandira zabda bhavana vAcaka hai / prAcIna bhArata ke itihAsa para dRSTi DAlate haiM to bahuta prAcIna nagara mandira sthAnoM ke vikAsa mAtra haiM / saMsAra ke anya prAcIna nagaroM kI yahI kathA hai / prAcIna kAla meM kisI devAyatana ke pUta-pAvana bhUbhAga ke nikaTa thor3e se jijJAsu evaM sAdhaka sajjanoM ne sarvaprathama apane AvAsoM kA nirmANa kiyA / dhIre dhIre vaha sthAna apane nijI AkarSaNa se eka vizAla tIrthasthAna yA nagara meM pariNata ho gyaa| usake nikaTa kisI suramya jalAzaya, saritA kA honA Avazyaka hai / kyoMki jIvana kI atyanta mahattvapUrNa AvazyakatA jalapUrti kI sAdhana sampannatA ke kAraNa, mandira ke sundara svAsthaprada evaM pAvana vAtAvaraNa ke kAraNa nivAsa sthApana sahaja ho jAtA hai| ... neminirvANa meM sura-mandira, paTa-mandira', vizva mandira, mandira, zrImanmandira, nAmoM kA ullekha AyA hai| dIrghikA : neminirvANa meM ugrasena ke yahA~ krIr3Asthala meM sundara dIrghikA hone kA kathana 11 veM sarga meM kiyA gayA hai| dIrghikA eka lambI nahara hotI thI jo rAjamahaloM ke bhAgoM meM pravAhita hotI huI gRha udyAna taka jAtI thii| neminirvANa meM isa prakAra kI dIrghikAoM kA varNana AyA hai ki mahaloM ke aMdara bar3I bar3I dIrghikAoM meM svaccha jala bahatA thA, jahA~ snAna karatI huI striyoM ke aMgarAgoM se nirantara karpUra zrIkhaMDa kastUrI kI sugandha se krIDAdIrghikA sugandhita hotI thii| 1. neminirvANa, 3/17 . 4. neminirvANa-1/55 7. vahIM- 9/55 2. vahI, 1/43 5. vahI-7/55,10/52 8. vahI-11/20 3. bhAratIya sthApatya : pRSTha 53-54 6. vahI- 9/8 9. vahI,1/19, 23

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200 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana rAjA: neminirvANa meM rASTra nIti tathA rAjanIti kA kramabaddha varNana nahIM huA hai, kyoMki yaha eka kAvyagrantha hai / phira bhI rAjA tathA usake kartavya Adi ke viSaya meM chuTapuTa ullekha milatA hai / rAjatantrIya vyavasthA meM rAjA ko sarvocca sthAna prApta hotA hai / manusmRti ke anusAra sampUrNa samprabhutA rAjA meM hI nihita hotI hai| rAjA ke abhAva meM rAjya kI kalpanA asambhava hai / prajA kA anuraMjana hI rAjA kA mukhya kartavya hotA hai / samudravijaya tathA zrIkRSNa Adi rAjAoM meM prajA ko prasanna rakhane ke guNa vidyamAna haiM / zatruoM ko parAkrama dikhAnA, aparAdhiyoM ko kaThora daNDa denA tathA sajjanoM kI rakSA karanA rAjA kA dharma batAyA hai / neminirvANa meM rAjA samudravijaya ke parAkrama se sabhI rAjAoM kI tIna sthitiyA~ huI - usake caraNoM kI sevA, yuddha meM mRtyu athavA gahana vana meM nivAsa / jisa rAjA kI chatrachAyA meM duSToM kA samUha santApa ko prApta huA tathA jisake parAkrama se zatruoM ne spardhA se deza tyAga kara diyA / ' rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI : prAyaH rAjA kA uttarAdhikArI jyeSTha putra hI hotA thA aura vahI rAjatantra kI maryAdA bhI hotI hai / parantu isake viparIta bhI dekhA jAtA hai jaisA ki neminirvANa meM rAjA samudra vijaya ne apane bhAI vasudeva ko apane prati bhaktibhAva yukta jAnakara usake putra cakrapANi zrIkRSNa ko yuvarAja banAyA, jisase devagaNa bahuta prasanna huye tathA jo janatA ko atipriya thA unhoMne yamunA ke pravAha ko niyaMtrita kiyA tathA pUtanA tathA kezI rAkSasoM ko mArA tathA govardhana parvata uThAkara dvArakApurI kI rakSA kI / ataH kabhI kabhI rAjA niHsantAna hone se tathA santAna alpa vayaska hone se bhI apane kisI parivAra meM se ucita tathA baliSTha, vidvAna aura prajA ke priya ko bhI (yuvarAja) uttarAdhikArI banA sakatA thA / rAjA kI dAnavIratA evaM yaza : neminirvANa meM rAjA samudravijaya kI dAnavIratA ke viSaya me kahA hai ki vaha sabhI prakAra ke AhAra dAnoM ko detA huA bhI jo yAcakoM ko akSIra (dUdha se bhinna - AMkhoM se prerita) anna ko dene vAlA huA / dAna dene vAlA hote huye bhI (danu kA putra rAkSasa hone para bhI) devatAoM kA bhakta thA / jisa rAjA kA yaza cAroM dizAoM meM phailA thA tathA jisakI sevA vazIvRti rAjA nityaprati kiyA karate the| tathA jisake yaza ko sunane meM asamartha hote huye zatru yuddha meM mRtyu 1. manusmRti, 77 2. rAjJo hi duSTanigrahaH ziSTaparipalanaM ca dhrmH| - nItivAkyAmRta, 5/2 3. neminiSpa, 1/62, 63, 65 / 4. vahI, 1/73,75,79 5. vahIM,1/69 6. vahIM, 2/1

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201 neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti ko prApta ho gaye tathA unhoMne svarga meM devAMganAoM ke dvArA gAye jAte huye apane vadha ko bar3e kaSTa ke sAtha sunA / sainya : deza kI rakSA aura rASTra virodhI zaktioM evaM zatru rAjAoM ke damana ke lie rAjya meM sainya vibhAga tathA sahacAriyoM kA honA anivArya hai / vAstava meM bala hI rAjya kA AdhAra stambha hotA hai| sainya (bala) saMgaThana kA uddezya prajA kA damana karanA nahIM hai, apitu deza rakSA tathA rASTra kaMTakoM kA vinAza karanA hai| jaisA ki " nIti - vAkyAmRta" meM kahA hai ki jo zatruoM kA nivAraNa karake, dhana, dAna aura madhura bhASAoM ke dvArA apane svAmI ke samasta prayojana siddha karake usakA kalyANa karatA hai, use bala (sainya) kahate haiM / neminirvANa meM sainya-sahacAriNa zabda kA ullekha mAtra huA hai / durga : zatru rAjAoM se rakSA karane kI dRSTi se rAjya kI sImAoM para durga banAyA jAtA thaa| inhIM durgoM meM cunI huI senA kA nivAsa hotA thA, jo AkramaNakArI zatru ko nagara meM praveza se rokatI thI / ataH rAjA ke liye durga bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai prAcIna kAla meM durga nagara ke rUpa meM tathA nagara durga ke rUpa meM sanniviSTa hote the / isIlie zabda kalpadrupa meM pura kA artha durga, adhiSThAna, koTTa tathA rAjadhAnI likhA hai| prAcIna kAla meM jaba zAsana paddhati tathA zAsana vyavasthA ke ve sundara kendrIya sAdhana anupalabdha the jinase kisI vizAla bhU-bhAga para zAsana kI suvyasthA tathA zAnti rakSA kA prabandha kiyA jA sake / vibhinna bastiyA~, cAhe ve grAma hoM athavA nagara, apanI apanI rakSA kA uttaradAyitva svayaM saMbhAlatI thI / ataH ye durgama durga banAye jAte the / neminirvANa meM durma nAma kA prayoga huA hai| parikhA : parikhA ko khAI bhI kahate haiN| nagara kI surakSA kI dRSTi se banAI jAtI thI jo nagara ke cAroM ora hotI thI jisase zatru nagara ke andara praveza na kara sake / kabhI kabhI eka se adhika parikhAyeM bhI banAI jAtI thI jo AvazyakatAnusAra hotI thI / parikhA ke jala meM kabhI kabhI bhaMyakara jIvajantu bhI chor3a diye jAte the / neminirvANa meM parikhA kA ullekha huA hai ki dvArAvatI nagarI ke cAroM ora samudra kI taraha (khAI) parikhA banI thI / 1. neminirvANa, 9/67 4. puraM koTTamadhiSThAnaM koTTo strI rAjadhAnyapi / 5. bhAratIya sthApatya pR0 65, 66 6. neminirvANa, 1/20 2. nItivAkyAmRta 22.1 3. neminirvANa, 4/34 zabdakalpadruma (bhAratIya sthApatya pR0 66 ) 7. vahI, 1/34

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202 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana vapra : (miTTI kI cAradIvArI) nagara ke cAroM aura parikhAoM kA khodanA evaM vapra bhUmi kA nirmANa eka saMyukta kArya hai| kauTilya ke anusAra khAI se cAra daNDa kI dUrI para chaH daNDa (caubIsa hAtha) U~cA, nIce se majabUta, Upara se U~cAI se dugunA vistRta vapra (miTTI kI cAradIvArI) banavAye / ina vanoM ko banAte samaya bailoM aura hAthiyoM dvArA bhalI - bhA~ti khodavAkara aura dabavAkara khUba majabUta kara de / usa para kaTIlI jhAr3iyA~ aura viSailI latAeM lagA de / neminirvANa meM vapra kA ullekha aneka sthAnoM para huA hai / ' sabhA : (sadas) sabhA ke do pradhAna upakaraNa the stambha tathA vediyA~ / sabhA eka prakAra kA dvAra bhitti Adi se virahita stambha pradhAna niveza hotA thA / prAcIna sabhA bhavana kI yaha rUpa rekhA sadA vartamAna rahI / bAda meM dvAroM aura bhittiyoM kI kalpanAoM se ina bhavanoM ko anya bhavanoM ke sAdRzya meM lAne kI paramparA pallavita huI / yaha paramparA rAjanIti se prabhAvita thI / ataH sabhA rAjanItika niveza kA eka pradhAna aMga thI / jisako darabAra ke nAma se pukArA jAtA hai / neminirvANa meM sadasa zabda kA ullekha isa prakAra haA hai - "isake bAda rAjA samudravijaya kI sabhA meM anekadizAoM se Aye hue rAjAoM ke dvArA pUjita usa rAjA ne AkAza se pRthvItala para utarate hue devAMganAo ko Azcaryacakita dRSTi se dekhA" / varNa aura jAtiyA~ : jaina dharma meM jAtivAda tathA varNavAda ke prati virodha kI bhAvanA dRSTigata hotI hai / AcArya raviSeNa ne padmapurANa meM cAra jAtiyoM kI mAnyatA ko ahetuka batAte huye kisI bhI jAti ko nindanIya nahIM mAnA hai / jaina dharma apanI samanvayAtmaka vRtti ke kAraNa vaidika saMskRti ke sAtha atyanta mela se rahA / neminirvANa meM bhI isI paraMparA kA nirvAha kiyA gayA hai / varNoM meM cAroM vargoM ko svIkArA hai / jAtiyoM meM yadu (yAdava)6 apsarA", naTa", kinnara', Ayari sAmaMtara, maleccha'2, deva, dAnava gandharva, yakSa Adi nAma Aye haiM / parivAra : parivAra sArvabhaumika samAja hai / yaha samAja kAma kI svAbhAvika dRSTi ko lakSya meM rakhakara yauna sambandha aura santAnotpatti kI kriyAoM ko niyantrita karatA hai / yaha zizuoM 1. bhAratIya sthApatya, pR0102 4. vahI, 2/1 7. vahI, 5/39, 5/56 10. vahI, 7/2 13. vahI,15/32 2. kauTilya arthazAstra, 2/3 5. padmapurANa,11/194, 203 8. vahIM, 5/56 11. vahI, 11/29 . 3. neminirvANa, 1/35, 47 6. neminirvANa,1/31,6/50 9.vahI, 6/28 12. vahI,15/67

Page #217
neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti 203 ke samucita poSaNa aura vikAsa ke lie eka pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa karatA hai / ataH manuSya ke lie samAja tathA parivAra kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai / mAtRsneha, pitRsneha, dAmpatya, Asakti, apatyaprIti, sAhacarya parivAra ke mukhya stambha haiM / ina stambhoM para hI parivAra kA prAsAda sthita hotA hai| neminirvANa meM rAjA samudravijaya', rAnI zivAdevI, vasudeva, govinda (zrIkRSNa) ugrasena Adi ke eka sAtha rahane tathA parivAra ke prati sneha ko prakaTa karatA hai / rAjA samudravijaya tathA rAnI zivAdevI kA dAmpatya jIvana kA sundara citraNa hai / pati palI hRdaya se eka dUsare ko prema karate haiM / parivAra meM bhAI-bhAI kA atisneha tathA bhatIje ke prati prema tathA pitA putra kA atyadhika pyAra thA / rAjA samudravijaya ne apane prati bhAI kI bhakti se hI vasudeva ke putra zrIkRSNa ko yuvarAja bnaayaa| ataH parivAra meM sAmAnyataH AjJAkAritA kI bhAvanA hotI thI / putra pitA kI AjJA pAlana karatA thA / terahaveM sarga meM nemi ke pUrvabhavoM ke varNanoM meM putra kA pitA tathA mAtA ke prema tathA bhakti bhAvanAoM kA paricaya milatA hai / mAtA-pitA santAna ko suzikSita aura yogya banAte the / neminirvANa meM pitRsattAtmaka parivAra kA hI citraNa huA hai| parivAra meM manoraMjana ke liye janmotsava, abhiSekotsava, vivAhotsava, jAtakarmotsava Adi Ayojana kiye jAte the / pitA kA sthAna parivAra meM pramukha thaa| vivAha : vivAha kA uddezya jIvana ke puruSArthoM ko sampanna karanA hai / gArhastha jIvana kA mukhya uddezya parasevA, devapUjA, munidharma kA Azraya, dAnAdi hai / strI ke binA puruSa aura puruSa ke binA strI apUrNa hotI hai / ataH vivAha kA mahattva asaMdigdha hai / nItivAkyAmRta meM kahA gayA hai ki agni, deva aura dvija kI sAkSIpUrvaka pANigrahaNa kriyA kA sampanna honA vivAha hai|" samAja zAstra kI dRSTi se bhI dhArmika kRtyoM, samAja ke prati dAyitvoM kA nirvAha, santAnotpatti, strI-puruSa kA yauna sambandha, vivAha ke uddezya haiM / 1. neminirvANa, 1/59 2. vahI,1/59 3. vaha,1/73 4. vahI,1/73 5. vahI,11/1 6. vahIM,1/73 7. yuktito varaNavidhAnamagnidvijasAkSikaM ca pANigrahaNaM vivaahH| nItivAkyAmRta 3/2

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zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana neminirvANa kAlIna samAja meM anurUpa vara ko kanyA dene kA sAmAnya niyama thA / vivAha kA uttaradAyitva pitA athavA bar3e bhAI para hotA thA / eka vyakti aneka vivAha kara sakatA thA / neminAtha ke cecere bhAI zrIkRSNa ke bahuta sI rAniyA~ thI / spaSTa hai ki bahu vivAha prathA usa samaya samAdRta thI / nirvANa meM mi ke vivAha ke lie kRSNa rAjA ugrasena kI kanyA ko mAgane ke lie gaye / isase spaSTa hotA hai ki putra ke lie kanyA ke pitA se yAcanA karane kI prathA una dinoM thI / vivAha ke lie sabase pahale lagna aura muhUrta nikalavAyA jAtA thaa| zubha muhUrta meM vivAha kiyA jAtA thaa| bArAta varapakSa se vadhUpakSa kI ora jAtI thI / vivAha ke lie sabase pahale maMDapa banAyA jAtA thA / vara evaM vadhU ko maMgala snAna karAyA jAtA thA, vibhinna prakAra ke AbhUSaNa va vastra dhAraNa karAe jAte the, maMgalavAdya dhvani hotI thI / kanyA ko varapakSa vAle divya vastra AbhUSaNa, sugandhita dravyoM se alaMkRta karate the / hRdaya para motiyoM ke hAra, nAka meM motI, A~kha meM aMjana, ratana kuMDala isa prakAra bahuta se AbhUSaNoM aura sundara vastroM se kanyA ko sajAyA jAtA thaa|" 204 isI prakAra vara ko bhI hRdaya para svaccha hAra, ratna kaMkaNa, kAnoM meM suMdara ratnakuMDala nAsikA ke Upara candana kA tilaka, sira para sundara chatra cUr3AmaNi sajAyI jAtI thI / zarIra para aMgarAga tathA suMdara vastra dhAraNa karAe jAte the| isa prakAra saje hue vara kA vadhU pakSa meM Agamana hotA thA / bhojanapAna : bhojana aura pAna ke dvArA zarIra puSTa to hotA hI hai sAtha hI sAtha mastiSka kA bhI vikAsa hotA hai / jaisA bhojana hotA hai vaise hI hamAre vicAra aura kriyAkalApa ho jAte haiM / sAttvika bhojana karane vAloM ke sAttvika vicAra yA ahiMsakatA kI bhAvanA, isake viparIta tAmasika bhojana karane vAloM kI tAmasI tathA hiMsaka bhAvanA / isalie bhojanapAna kI zuddhatA parama Avazyaka hai| bhojana kaI prakAra kA hotA hai jaise annAhAra, phalAhAra tathA mAMsAhAra / neminirvANa kAlIna samAja meM ahiMsaka hone ke sAtha-sAtha mAMsAhAra kA ullekha bhI milatA hai / annAhAra meM kSIra, gorasa, zasya, lAja, kSata", Adi haiM / mAMsAhAra kA ullekha trayodaza sarga meM bhagavAn neminAtha ke vivAhopalakSya meM rAjAoM ko khilAne ke lie kiyA gyaa|2 peya padArthoM meM mAdaka dravya hAlA 3, madirA 4, madhu95, madya6, Adi kA ullekha hai| phalAhAroM meM nAriyala, kelA, Ama Adi kA varNana huA hai / 1. neminirvANa, 11/10 4. vahI, 12/33 7. vahI, 1 / 69 10. vahI, 12/17 13. vahI, 1 / 64 15. vahI, 6/50, 10/3, 10/4 2. vahI, 11 / 56 5. vahI, 12 / 35-38 8. vahI, 3/18 19. vahI, 12/70 14. vahI, 6/23 16. vahI, 10 / 7, 8, 10 3. vahI, 12/1 6. vahI, 12 / 2-8 9. vahI, 8 /61 12. vahI, 13/4

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205 neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti AjIvikA ke sAdhana : jIvana ko calAne ke lie AjIvikA kA sucAru aura sudRr3ha honA paramAvazyaka hai| ataH sAmAjika jIvana meM AjIvikA ke sAdhana juTAnA apekSita hai neminirvANa kAlIna samAja meM AjIvikA ke sAdhanoM meM kRSi hI eka mAtra sAdhana thA / vahA~ para vizeSa varga kRSi Azrita thA / kRSi meM uttama tiloM kI khetI hotI thii| tiloM ke atirikta anya anAja bhI utpanna hote the| vAhana : neminirvANa meM nimnalikhita vAhanoM kA ullekha milatA hai / nAva', syandana', vimAna, stha Adi / AbhUSaNa : __ AbhUSaNoM ke prati bhAratIyoM kA hRdaya sarvAdhika AkarSita rahA hai / yahA~ manuSyoM ne AbhUSaNoM kA prayoga sAmAjika sampannatA ke pratIka ke rUpa meM tathA susaMskRta jIvana ke lie zarIra ko sajjita karane Adi rUpoM meM kiyA hai / AbhUSaNoM ke dvArA vyakti ke saundarya meM vRddhi hotI hai / ataH manuSya ne prati aMga ke lie bhinna bhinna AbhUSaNoM kI racanA kI hai| neminirvANa meM striyoM aura puruSoM ke AbhUSaNa prAyaH samAna mAne gaye haiM jaise - gale meM mAlA, hAra tathA kAnoM me kuNDala, mudrikA tathA sira para mukuTa Adi dhAsNa karanA (strI-puruSa) donoM ke dvArA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA / neminirvANa meM nimnalikhita AbhUSaNoM kA ullekha milatA hai jo kramazaH isa prakAra hai zirobhUSaNa : sira ke AbhUSaNoM meM mukhya rUpa se mukuTa kirITa kA ullekha hai / mukuTa maNiyoM se banAye jAte the aura unameM hIre jar3e hote the / inakA pracalana vizeSa rUpa se rAja parivAroM meM hotA thA / yaha rAjA kA vizeSa cihna hotA thA / sira para cUr3AmaNi dhAraNa kI jAtI thii| isakA prayoga striyA~ apane bAloM ko bAMdhane meM karatI thI / cakravartI ke caudaha ratnoM meM eka ratnacUr3AmaNi nAmaka ratna bhI hotA thA / isake atirikta garmI ko rokane ke lie sira para chatra kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thA jisako Atapatra dharmavAraNa athavA AtapavAraNa bhI kahate the / 1. neminirvaSa 1/2 2. vahI, 1/5 3. vahI,1/52,5/31,34,6/14 4. vahI, 4/36, 38,5/30 5. vahI, 2/17 6. vahI, 1/1 7. vahI,1/72,12/6 8. vahI, 3/25 9. vahI,1/63 10. vahI, 2/35 11. vahI,12/20

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206 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana karNAbhUSaNa : kAna kA sAmAnya AbhUSaNa kuNDala hai jo eka bhArI yA ghumAva dAra laTakane vAlA gahanA hotA hai / ye motiyoM aura ratnoM ke banAye jAte haiM / jarA bhI zarIra saMcalana se hilane julane lagate haiN| kuNDala zabda saMskRta ke kuNDalin (sA~pa kA kuMDalI meM rahanA) se sambaddha hai / neminirvApa meM isa prakAra ke AbhUSaNoM jaise maNikarNapUra, karNotpala', kuNDala', ratnakuNDala, maNikuNDala', avantasa (avantasa prAyaH phUloM ke hote the) karNAbharaNa' kA bhI prayoga huA hai / kaNThAbhUSaNa : kaNThAbhUSaNoM meM hAra pramukha hai / ise motiyoM aura ratnoM se banAyA jAtA hai / ise muktAvalI bhI kahA jAtA hai / isake atirikta sak', mAlA, kA bhI prayoga huA hai / mAlA ko aneka bhAratIya bhAvanAoM se granthana kiyA jAtA thA / pratyeka mAMgalika kArya meM mAlA kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hotA hai / ye mAlAyeM vizeSa rUpa se puSpa nirmita hotI haiM, sone, motI Adi kI bhI huA karatI haiN| ____ isake atirikta uruhAratathA atihAra aMgahAra mauktikadAma Adi alaMkAroM kA prayoga bhI huA hai| karAbhUSaNa : hAtha ke AbhUSaNoM meM kaMkaNa aura keyUra kA varNana huA hai / ye bhI ratnoM aura maNi tathA sone cA~dI ityAdi ke banAye jAte haiM / keyUra ko bhujabanda yA aMgada bhI kahate haiM / isake atirikta kaTi ke AbhUSaNoM meM strI kI karadhanI ke lie neminirvANa meM kAMcI kA prayoga huA / AbhUSaNa ke rUpa meM to yaha AbhUSaNa thA hI adhovastra ko yathAsthAna rakhane meM bhI yaha sahAyaka hotI hai| pairoM ke AbhUSaNoM ke rupa meM neminirvANa meM ekamAtra nUpura kA ullekha huA hai| - isake atirikta zarIra meM saundarya bar3hAne vAle (lagAye jAne vAle) sugandhita dravyoM meM padmarAgAra, karpUra", kAleyaka", aMjana22, dhUpa, kajjala", kusuma-prasAdhana25, kesara, aMgarAga, kastUrI28, Adi kA prayoga milatA hai| 1. neminirvANa, 1/39 2. vahI, 1/44 3. vahI,1/52,56 4. vahI, 2/5,12/4 5. vahI, 6/35 6. vahI,10/5,10/14 7. vahI, 8/27 8. vahI,1/29,83,8/21,12/2 9. vahI,112 10. vahI,1/4,894, 21 11. vahI, 88 12. vahI,1/70 13. vahI,1/82 14. vahI,7/13 15. vahIM, 2/5,36,12/3 16. vahIM,12/38 17. vahI,1/59 18. vahI,8/2,892 19. vahIM,1/12 20. vahI, 1/42 21. vahI,1/42 22. vahI,1/49 23. vahIM,1/54 25. vahI, 4/10 26. vahI, 8/22 27. vahI;8/51,59 28. vahIM,8/54,57,11/23 ,MI 24. vahIM,1/74

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti 207 zrRMgAra karane tathA AbhUSaNa pahanane ke lie maNiyoM ke darpaNa', zrRMgAra maMDapa tathA sAdhAraNa darpaNoM kA prayoga hotA thA / vastra: neminirvANa meM vastroM kA vizeSa varNana yA nAma ullekha nahIM huA hai / phira bhI uttarIya, / vasana', tathA nepathya Adi nAma ullikhita haiM / vastroM ke nAma se jAna par3atA hai ki sUtI aura rezamI donoM vastroM kA prayoga tatkAlIna samAja karatA thA / vastra ke lie nepathya zabda kA prayoga vizeSa dhyAtavya hai / sAmAnyataH Urdhvavastra va adhovastra donoM prakAra ke vastroM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA thaa| zikSA : zikSA kA mUla uddezya vinaya kI prApti thI / neminirvANa meM kahA gayA hai ki nemi kumAra guru kI zikSA se vinaya ko prApta ho gaye / zikSA meM sabhI prakAra ke zAstroM kA adhyayana karAyA jAtA thA / zAstravidyA ke sAtha zastravidyA bhI karAI jAtI thii| saMskAra : saMskAra se tAtparya una dhArmika kRtyoM se hai jo vyaktitva kI zuddhi ke lie Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai / minirvANa meM vibhinna saMskAroM kA vivecana huA hai / (1) puMsavana : yaha eka garbhakAlIna saMskAra hai / garbhadhAraNa ke nizcaya ke bAda garbhastha zizu ko isa saMskAra ke dvArA anuSThAnita kiyA jAtA hai / isa saMskAra me puMsantati hone kI bhAvanA nihita rahatI hai / yaha saMskAra garbhAvasthA ke tIsare mAha meM kiyA jAtA hai / neminirvANa meM rAnI zivA devI kI garbhAvasthA ke bAda puMsavana nAmaka saMskAra kA ullekha milatA hai / rAnI zivA devI ne usa vizAla garbha ko dhAraNa karane meM asamartha ratnanirmita AbhUSaNoM ko chor3akara aneka raMgo vAle phUloM ke prasAdhanoM ko dhAraNa kiyA tathA usa samaya rAjA samudravijaya ne, jina puMsavana Adi saMskAroM kI icchA kI / indra ne devatAoM ke samUha ke sAtha vahA~ Akara una kriyAoM ko pUrNa kiyA / (2) sImantonnayana saMskAra : ___ yaha bhI garbhasthakAlIna saMskAra hai / yaha saMskAra garbhadhAraNa ke sAtaveM mAha me hotA hai| kucha amaMgalakAriNI zaktiyA~ garbhiNI strI ko parezAna karatI haiM / unhIM zaktiyoM ko haTAne yA zAnta karane ke lie yaha saMskAra kiyA jAtA hai / yadyapi isa saMskAra kA spaSTa rUpa se 1. neminirvapa, 2/42 2. vahI, 3/32 3. vahIM, 8/70 4. vahI,1/30 5. vahI,10/40,12/39 6. vahI, 12/1 7. vahI, 6/9 8. vahI,6/12 9. vahI, 4/10,11

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208 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana ullekha neminirvANa meM nahIM huA, kintu "puMsavanAdi pada meM Adi pada se isI saMskAra kA grahaNa hotA hai, kyoMki puMsavana saMskAra ke bAda yahI saMskAra hotA hai / (3) putrotpatti : garbhottara kAlIna saMskAroM meM sabase prathama aura yaha saMskAra ati mahattvapUrNa hotA hai / putrotpatti ke bAda aneka taraha ke utsava manAye jAte haiM / rAjagharAnoM meM isakA adhika pracalana hai / isa avasara para rAjA bahumUlya ratnAbhUSaNa aura AbhUSaNoM kA dAna karate haiM / duHkhiyoM meM dhana bAMTate haiM aura kaidiyoM ko kaida se mukta kara dete haiM / rAjA samudravijaya ke yahA~ patnI ke garbhAvasthA ke nau mahInoM taka ratnoM kI varSA huii| zrAvaNa kA mahInA A jAne para zukla pakSa kI SaSThI ke dina rAnI ne sampUrNa lokoM ko Anandita karane vAle putra ko utpanna kiyA / 2 isake janma ke samaya devatAoM ne dedIpya mAna mahotsava kiyA / janma ke samaya pAritoSika mAMgane ke lie manuSyoM ke samUha tathA saMbhrAnta logoM ke bhavanoM meM zaMkhadhvani vyApta huI / (4) nAmakaraNa saMskAra : garbhottara kAlIna saMskAroM meM putrotpatti ke uparAnta hone vAle isa saMskAra kA atyanta mahattva hai / sUtaka zuddhi ke bAda yaha saMskAra manAyA jAtA hai| isake lie zubha dina aura zubha muhUrta meM zizu kA nAma rakhA jAtA hai / " (5) caulakarma saMskAra : bAlaka ke vidyArambha ke pUrva caulakarma saMskAra kiyA jAtA haiM / caulakarma saMskAra meM bAlaka ke zarIra meM saundarya ko nikhArane ke lie bAlaka kA muMDana Avazyaka mAnA jAtA hai / isakA vidhAna nAmakaraNa ke samAna hI hai / (6) vidyArambha : yaha mAnava-jIvana kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa saMskAra hotA hai| kyoMki yaha jJAnArjana kI nIMva hai| (7) dArakarma : manuSya jIvana meM vivAha yA dArakarma kA ati mahattva hai / AcArya kauTilya kA kahanA hai ki saMsAra ke samasta vyavahAra vivAha pUrva hote haiM / " yaha saMskAra (vivAha) adhyayana ke bAda hotA hai / 1. neminirvANa, 4/11 3. vahI, 4/17 5. "vivAhapUrvovyavahAraH / " kauTilya arthazAstra, 3/21 2. vahI, 4/13 4. vahI, 4/61-62

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neminirvANa : darzana evaM saMskRti - saMskRti 209 (8) mRtyu saMskAra : neminirvANa meM spaSTa rUpa se yaha saMskAra nahIM milatA hai| isa prakAra neminirvANa meM pratyakSa yA apratyakSa rUpa se vibhinna saMskAroM kA ullekha huA hai| isase spaSTa hotA hai ki jainoM ne bhI ina saMskAroM kI sAmAjika mahattA ko svIkAra kiyA hai| manovaijJAjika dhAraNAoM ke anusAra bhI mAta kI bhAvanAoM kA garbhastha zizu para prabhAva par3atA hai| garbhakAlIna saMskAroM meM mAtA ko prasanna rakhane kI bhAvanA nihita hai, tAki garbhastha zizu para acchA prabhAva pdd'e| yarmottarakAlIna saMskAroM ke dvArA bAlaka ke arddhacetana mastiSka meM prabhAva DAlane kI bhAvanA rahatI hai| vivAha yA dAra karma saMskAra saMtAnotpatti ke sAtha hI kAmavAsanA ko sImita karane kA sAdhana bhI hai| ataH manovaijJAnika dRSTi se ina saMskAroM kA vizeSa mahattva hai| manoraMjana ke sAdhana : saMgIta, vAdya aura nRtya vibhinna prakAra kI kalAoM meM saMgIta kalA kA bhI apanA vizeSa mahattva hai / saMgIta ke antargata gIta, nRtya aura vAdya ina tInoM ko grahaNa kiyA jAtA hai : neminirvANa ke prathama sarga meM dvAravatI meM mRgoM ke samUha ko gopiyA~ apane gItoM ke guNoM se nirantara roka letI haiM tathA jahA~ para nirantara striyoM ke gAnoM meM kAna lagAye huye krIDA mRga apane viyoga ke duHkha ko bhUla jAte the / neminirvANa meM tANDava, lAsya Adi nRtyoM ke nAma ullikhita huye haiN| sanI zivA devI kI sevA karane vAlI divyAMganAoM ne vibhinna prakAra ke komala nRtyoM ke dvArA rAnI kI pUjA kI / vAstava meM vAdya ke binA gIta aura nRtya kA koI astitva nahIM hai / vAdya se sampRkta hone para hI nRtya aura gIta kI zobhA bar3hatI hai / neminirvANa meM vibhinna utsavoM para vibhinna vAdya bajAye gaye haiM jo isa prakAra haiM - vallakI', paTaha', dundubhi", zaMkha", tAla', Atodya, tuyii| isake atirikta manoraMjana ke sAdhanoM meM abhinayakriyAra, dolA2, citradarzana tathA vibhinna lalita kriyAyeM thii| 1. minirvApa,1/31, 40 __ vahI, 1/61 3. vahIM, 2040 5. vahI, 1/39, 2/39,10/6 vahI, 2/60,4/30,54 7. vahI, 427 vahI,10/6 9. kahI,1215 vahI,12/26,12/40 11. vahI,1/46 vahI,1/72 13. vahIM, 2/58 vahIM,1/25

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210 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana svapna tathA unake phala : neminirvANa ke dvitIya sarga meM zivA devI ne solaha svapna dekhe jo kramazaH isa prakAra haiM - hAthI, baila, siMha, lakSmI, mAlAe~, sUrya, candra, mInayugala, kalaza, sarovara, vizAla sAgara, U~cA siMhAsana, vimAna, susajjita bhavana, ratnoM kI rAzi tathA nirdhUma agni / rAnI ne ina svapnoM kA phala apane pati rAjA samudravijaya se pUchA to unhone Anandita hote huye kahA - he devi! tuma zIghra hI putra ratna utpanna karogI / / bhAvI putra gaja ke samAna bhUritaradAna se yukta, baila ke samAna dhurI dhAraNa karane vAlA, siMha ke samAna tejasvI, lakSmI ke svayaMvara meM mAlyArpaNa ke samAna, candramA kI kiraNoM ke samAna darzanIya, sUrya ke samAna pratApI, mIna aura kalaza se cihinata caraNa kamaloM vAlA, nirmala jalAzaya kI taraha pavitra, samudra ke samAna atyanta gambhIra, yaduvaMza ke ucca siMhAsana ko suzobhita karane vAlA, ratnoM ke samUha kI taraha camakatI huI zarIra kI kAntivAlA tathA jo agni kI taraha gAhana karmoM ko AkrAnta kara dene vAlA hai| isa prakAra rAjA samudravijaya ne dekhe gaye vibhinna svapnoM ke pariNAmoM ko batalAkara kahA ki sajjanoM ke svapa anapekSita artha vAle nahIM hote arthAt avazya hI saphalIbhUta hote isa prakAra neminirvANa meM pratipAdita saMskRti ke vivecana se Aja se lagabhaga 900 varSa se pUrva kI saMskRti kA citra upasthita hotA hai / bhAratIya saMskRti ke sarvAGga adhyayana ke lie isakI upAdeyatA asaMdigdha hai| 1. neminirvaNa, 2/49-59 2. vahI, 2/60 3. vahIM, 3/38,39 4. vahI, 3/40-43

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adhyAya - - neminirvANa : prabhAva evaM avadAna saMskRta sAhitya meM padyakAvya ke nibandhana meM kAlidAsa, kumAradAsa, bhAravi, mAgha, haricandra Adi mahAkaviyoM kA tathA gadyakAvya ke nibandhana meM kavivara bANabhaTTa kA mahattvapUrNa evaM sarvAtizAyI sthAna hai / pazcAdvartI sabhI kaviyoM ne kisI na kisI rUpa meM ina mahAkaviyoM kA anugamana kiyA hai / vaha sArvajanIna satya hai ki pratyeka kavi cAhe vaha kitanA hI pratibhAzAlI kyoM na ho, pUrva - paramparA se kucha na kucha avazya grahaNa karatA hai / yadyapi kavi kisI pUrvavartI kavi kA zabda, artha yA bhAva jyoM kA tyoM grahaNa nahIM karatA hai, tathApi vaha pUrvakaviyoM se prabhAvita avazya hotA hai| pariNAma svarUpa usake kAvya meM zabdagata, arthagata yA bhAvagata sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai / neminirvANa ke racayitA mahAkavi vAgbhaTa bhI isake apavAda nahIM haiM / inake neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM kAlidAsa Adi mahAkaviyoM ke kAvya-granthoM kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| phalataH kahIM kahIM zabdagata, arthagata yA bhAvagata sAmya kI jhalaka milatI hai / sAta jisa prakAra kavi apane pUrvavartI kaviyoM se kucha grahaNa karatA hai, usI prakAra paravartI kaviyoM ko kucha pradAna bhI karatA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ke neminirvANa kA vIranandikRta candraprabhacarita tathA munijJAna sAgarakRta sudarzanodaya Adi para prabhAva bhI pAyA jAtA hai| vIranandi aura muni jJAnasAgara ne apanI kAvyakRtiyoM meM aneka sthAnoM para vAgbhaTa ke neminirvANa kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| kAlidAsa kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : yadyapi kAlidAsa ke kAvyoM aura vAgbhaTa kRta neminirvANa ke itivRtta meM koI sAmya nahIM hai, tathApi prakRticitraNa, bhAvAbhivyaJjana tathA kaviparamparA ke paripAlana meM vAgbhaTa ne kAlidAsa se bahuta kucha grahaNa kiyA hai / pariNAmasvarUpa kAlidAsaMkRta abhijJAnazAkuntala, Rtu-saMhAra Adi kAvyoM kA vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa para spaSTa rUpa se prabhAva hai / (2) neminirvANa meM paropakAra kA varNana karate hue kahA gayA hai - 1. draSTavya- neminirvANa kA SaSTha sarga evaM kAlidAsakRta RtusaMhAra kA vasanta-varNana I (1) vAgbhaTa ke dvArA neminirvANa meM kiyA gayA vasantaRtu kA varNana kAlidAsa ke dvArA RtusaMhAra meM kiye gaye vasantaRtu ke varNana ke samAna hai / neminirvANa ke vasantavarNana meM kAlidAsakRta vasantavarNana kA zailIgata sAmya to hai hI, bhAvagata, arthagata tathA kahIM kahIM zabdagata sAmya bhI dekhA jA sakatA hai /

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212 "bhavanti namrAstaravaH phalAgamairnavAmbubhirdUravilambino ghanAH / anuddhatAH satpuruSAH samRddhibhiH svabhAva evaiSa paropakAriNAm / / "2 yahA~, kAlidAsa ne paropakAriyoM ke viveka kA varNana kiyA hai, to vAgbhaTa ne mAtaGga ke aviveka dvArA usI tathya ko prakaTa kiyA hai / zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana "phalAni puSpANi ca valkalAni vA paropakArAya vahanti hanta ye / babhaJjurAstAnapi kuJjarAstarUnkuto nu mAtaGgakule vivekitA / / ukta zloka ke pUrvArddha para abhijJAnazAkuntala ke nimnalikhita zloka kA prabhAva (3) kAlidAsa kA kanyAdAna viSayaka zloka tathA vAgbhaTa kA etadviSayaka zloka tulanIya hai| minirvANa ke zloka para kAlidAsa ke zloka kA spaSTa prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / kAlidAsa kA zloka "artho hi kanyA parakIya eva tAmadya saMpreSya parigrahItuH / jAto mamAyaM vizada H prakAmaM pratyarpitanyAsa ivAntarAtmA / / 3 vAgbhaTa kA zloka - "saMsAre'sminnAmananti prabuddhAH kanyAdAnaM sarvadAnapradhAnam / taccetpAtre nyasyate nirvikalpaM siddhau dAtuH kIrtidharmau mahArthoM / / 4 isI prakAra anyatra bhI aneka jagaha vAgbhaTa ke Upara kAlidAsa kA prabhAva dekhA jAtA hai / paravartI paramparA meM zAyada hI koI aisA kavi ho, jisa para kAlidAsa kA prabhAva na par3A ho| bhartRhari kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : vairAgya viSayaka, naitika aura zrAMgArika varNanoM meM bahudhA paravartI kavi-paramparA ko bhartRhari ke zatakatraya (vairAgyazataka, nItizataka aura zrRMgArazataka) ne prabhAvita kiyA hai / neminirvANa meM aneka sthaloM para bhartRhari ke vairAgyazataka kA to prabhAva hai hI, kahIM-kahIM zailIgata bhI unake zatakoM kA neminirvANa para prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| nItizataka meM puSpastabaka ke sadRza 1. neminirvANa, 5/33 2. abhijJAnazAkuntala, 5 /12 (kAlidAsa granthAvalI) 3. vahI, 4 / 22 (kAlidAsa granthAvalI) 4. neminirvANa, 11/50

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neminirvANa : prabhAva evaM avadAna 213 manasvI kI dvividha vRtti tathA anya zloka meM dhana kI trividha gati kA varNana kiyA gayA hai - "kusumastabakasyeva dvayI vRttirmanasvinaH / mUrSi vA sarvalokasya zIryate vane'thavA / " "dAnaM bhogo nAzastino gatayo bhavanti vittasya / yo na dadAti na bhukte tasya tRtIyA gatirbhavati / / nItizataka ke ina donoM zlokoM kI zailI kA prabhAva neminirvANa meM rAjA samudravijaya ke varNana meM dRSTigata hotA hai - "yasminbhuvo bhari satyasandhe trayI gatibhUmibhRtAM babhUva / tatpAdasevA maraNaM raNe vA kvacinnivAso vipule vane vA / / 12 kumAradAsa kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : (2) kumAradAsaviracita nimnalikhita zloka - "vayaH prakarSAdupacIyamAnastanadvayasyodvavahanatrameNa / atyantakAya vanajAyatAjhyA madhyo jagAmeti mamaiva tarkaH / / 3 kA vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa ke nimnalikhita zloka para spaSTa prabhAva hai - "durudvahastanabhAradhAraNatramAgamAdiva tanumadhyadezayA / pariSkRtAmanukRtakalpazAkhayA prabhAvatastanulatayA pavitrayA / / (2) kumAra dAsa kRta ayodhyAvarNana kA prabhAva vAgbhaTakRta dvAravatI nagarI ke varNana meM sphuTarUpa se parilakSita hotA hai / isa sandarbha meM jAnakIharaNa aura neminirvANa kA adholikhita zloka tulanIya hai| jAnakIharaNa - "AsIdavanyAmati bhogabhArAd divo'vatIrNA nagarIva divyA / kSatrAnalasthAnazamI samRddhayA purAmayodhyeti purI parArdhyA / / 5 - evam neminirvANa "tatra prasiddhAsti vicitrahA ramyA purI dvAravatIti naamnaa| paryantavistArivizAlazAlacchAyAchaviryatparikhApayodhiH / / 6 1. nItizataka, zloka 26, 35 3. jAnakIharaNa,1/32 5. jAnakIharaNa,1/1 2. neminirvANa, 1/62 4. neminirvANa, 2/31 6. neminirvANa,1/34

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214 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana (3) neminirvANa meM vAgbhaTa ne rAjA samudravijaya kA varNana karate hue likhA hai ki jisakI zatruoM kI nAriyoM ke netrakamaloM meM asandhi kArya prakaTa ho gayA thaa| isI prakAra jAnakIharaNa meM bhI kumAradAsa ne varNana kiyA hai ki usa rAjA dazaratha kI yazocandrikA zatruoM kI nAriyoM ke netrarUpI candrakAntamaNiyoM se jalasravaNa kA kAraNa banatI huI sampUrNa vizva meM vyApta ho gaI / isa sandarbha meM donoM kAvyoM kA nimnalikhita zlokArdha tulanIya hai - jAnakIharaNa - ___"tasyArinArInayanendukAntaniSyandaheturbhuvanaM tatAna / " neminirvANa ____ "yavairinArInayanAravindeSvasandhikArya prakaTIbabhUva / / 2 bhAravi kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : neminirvANa kAvya yadyapi bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIya ke samAna nArikelapAka nahIM hai, kintu neminirvANa para kirAtArjunIya kA aneka prasaGgoM para prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa kA neminirvANa aneka dRSTiyoM se kirAtArjunIya ke samAna kAvyaguNoM se samanvita hai / kirAtArjunIyake samAnaarthagAMbhIrya na hone para bhI prakRtivarNana, aprastutavidhAna, sarasa zrRMgAravarNana, padalAlitya, madhyama samAsazailI evaM kalpanA sampatti kisI bhI sthiti meM neminirvANa meM kirAtArjunIya se hIna nahIM hai / nimnalikhita sthaloM meM neminirvANa para kirAtArjunIya kA prabhAva (2) neminirvANa meM vanavihAra, puSpAvacaya, jalakrIDA evaM ratikrIDA Adi ke prasaMga kirArjunIya ke samAna haiN| (2) kirAtArjunIya ke pAMcave aura pandrahave sarga meM bhAravi ne zabdakrIDA kA pradarzana kiyA hai / varNana meM citramattA bhI dekhI jAtI hai / yathA - "syandanA no caturagAH surebhA vA vipattayaH / syandanA no ca turagAH surebhA vA vipattayaH / / 3 evaM "vikAzamIyurjagatIzamArgaNA vikAzamIyurjagatIzamaniNA / vikAzamIyurjagatIzamArgaNA vikAzamIyurjagatIzamArgaNA / / kirAtArjunIya kI ukta zabdakrIDA evaM citramattA neminirvANa meM bhI dekhI jA sakatI hai| yathA - "rambhArAmA kurabakakamalArambhArAmA kurabakrakamalA / rambhA rAmAkuravaka kamalArambhArAmAkuravakakamalA / / 5 neminirvANa kI yaha zAbdI krIDA evaM citramattA spaSTa rUpa se bhAravi ke kirAtArjunIya se prabhAvita hai| 1. jAnakIharaNa,1/25 2. neminirvANa, 1/66 3. kirAtArjunIya, 1516 4. vahIM,15/52 5. neminirvANa, 7/50

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neminirvANa : prabhAva evaM avadAna 215 (3) jisa prakAra bhAravikRta kirAtArjunIya mahAkAvya kA prAraMbhika zloka "zriyaH kuruNAmadhipasya pAlanIm-R kA prArambha zrI zabda se hotA hai, usI prakAra vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa kA prAraMbhika zloka - "zrI nAbhisUnoH padapaGmayugmanakhAH -2 zloka kA prArambha bhI zrI zabda se hotA hai / isa prakAra donoM hI zrI se prArambha hone vAle prayAdi kAvya haiM / isI prakAra vAgbhaTa kI uktiyA~ bhI bhAravi ke samAna hI svAbhAvika tathA pANDitya se paripUrNa haiN| mAgha kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : ___(1) kathAnaka rUDhiyoM evaM varNana-sandarbho meM mAghakRta zizupAlavadha kA vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa para spaSTa prabhAva hai / yadyapi mAgha ne zizupAlavadha meM zizupAla ke pUrva janmoM ke varNana prasaMga meM jaina kaviyoM ke janmAntaravivecanavAda ko hI apanAyA hai, tathApi vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa para mAghakRta zizupAlavadha ke zizupAla ke pUrvajanmoM ke varNana kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| (2) neminirvANa ke chaThe sarga se dasaveM sarga taka ke varNana meM zizupAlavadha kI zailI kI spaSTa chAyA hai / eka sarga meM vividha chandoM ke prayoga meM neminirvANa yadyapi zizupAlavadha se pUrNatayA prabhAvita hai, tathApi neminirvANa kA varNana adhika utkRSTa hai| : (3) neminirvANa ke nimnalikhita do zlokoM - "athaikadA sadasi digantarAgatarupAsitaH kSitipatibhirmahIpatiH / nabhastalAdavanitalAnusAriNIH surAGganAH sa kila dadarza vismitaH / / nirambude nabhasi nu vidyutaH kvacinu tArakAH prakaTitakAntayo divA / savismayairiti nitarAM janairmuhurvilokitAH pathi pathi baddhamaNDalaiH / / para zizupAlavadha mahAkAvya ke adholikhita do zlokoM kA spaSTa prabhAva hai "zriyaH pati zrImati zAsituM jagajjagannivAso vasudevasadmani / vasandadarzAvatarantamambarAd hiraNyagarbhAgabhuvaM muniM hariH / / gataM tirazcInamarusAratheH prasiddhamUrdhajvalanaM havirbhujaH / patatyadho dhAma visAri sarvataH kimetadityAkulamIkSitaM janaiH / / ukta zlokoM se spaSTa hai ki neminirvANa meM kiyA gayA svarga se apsarAoM ke avataraNa kA varNana zizupAlavadha meM kiye gaye nArada ke avataraNa ke varNana ke samAna hai| 1. kirArjunIya, 1/1 3. vahI, 2/2,2 2. neminirvANa, 1/1 4. zizupAlavadha, 1/2,2. . . .

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216 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana (4) jisa prakAra zizupAlavadha ke prathama zloka "zriyaH pati zrImati zAsituM jamarA kA prAraMbha zrI zabda se hotA hai, usI prakAra neminirvANa ke prathamazloka "zrInAmita padapadmayugmanakhAH2 kA prAraMbha bhI zrI zabda se hotA hai| (5) zizupAlavadha meM zyAmala zrI kRSNa jI ke suvArgAsana para baiThane kI zobhA kA varNana jambUphala se suzobhita sumeru parvata kI upamA dekara kiyA gayA hai - "sAJcane yatra muneranujJayA navAmbudazyAmatanuvikSata / jigAya jambUjAnitatriyaH zriyaM sumesthAsya tadA tadAsanam / / isI prakAra kA varNana zyAmalavarNa vAle bhagavAna neminAtha ke janmAbhiSeka ke samaya sumeruparvata para siMhAsana para virAjamAna kiye jAne para neminirvANa meM kiyA gayA hai - "mRgAripIThena tamAlanirmalaprabhAvitAnaprabhusaGgazobhinA / gurugirINAM zikharAntarAparaprarUDhajambUzikharIva so'bhavat / / (6) neminirvANa meM saptamasarga ke raivataka parvata ke varNana para zizupAlavadha ke raivatakaparvata ke varNana kA prabhAva hai| bANabhaTTa kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : (1) kAdambarI ke "avitathaphalA hi prAyo nizAvasAna samayadRSTA bhavanti svapnAH5 kA neminirvANa ke "svapnAH satAM nahi bhavantyanapekSitArthAH para prabhAva mAnA jA sakatA hai| (2) bANabhaTTa ne kAdambarI meM Azrama ke varNana me jaisA varNana kiyA hai, vaisA hI varNana neminirvANa meM bhI pAyA jAtA hai / yadyapi isa varNana meM zabdasAmya yA arthasAmya akiMcitkara hai, kintu bhAvasAmya dekhA jA sakatA hai / haricandra kA vAgbhaTa para prabhAva : mahAkavi haricandra dvArA viracita dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya meM jainadharma ke pandrahaveM tIrthaDura dharmanAtha kA jIvana carita varNita huA hai / dharmazarmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya jaina saMskRta kAvyoM meM sarvAdhika prasiddha kAvya hai / neminirvANa meM bhI jaina dharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthahara neminAtha bhagavAna kA jIvana carita varNita huA hai / phalataH donoM kI kathAvastu meM samAnatA honA svAbhAvika (2) kucha vidvAna dharmazarmAmyudaya kI racanA neminirvANa ke bAda kI mAna kara dharmazarmAbhyudaya para neminirvANa kA prabhAva mAnate haiM / parantu hamArI dRSTi meM to neminirvANa hI 1. zizupalakSa, 2. minirvANa, 3. zizupAlavadha,119 . 4. minirvaSa, 5/58 5. kAdambarI pRSTha 254 6. neminirvaNa, 3/43 7. draSTavya-baina sAhitya kA vRhad itihAsa bhAga 6 pRTa 489

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neminirvANa: prabhAva evaM avadAna 217 dharmazarmAbhyudaya se prabhAvita hai| jo kucha bhI ho, neminirvANa ke nimnalikhita padya dharmazarmAbhyudaya ke ullikhita padyoM se tulanIya haiM - (ka) "zrInAbhisUnoH padapadmayugmanakhAH sukhAni prathayantu te vaH / samaM namannAkiziraH kirITasaMghaTTavisrastamaNIyitaM yaiH / / 1 evaM (kha) (ga) (gha) (Ga) "zrInAbhisUnozciramaMtriyugmanakhendavaH kaumudamedhayantu / yatrAnamannAkinarendracakracUDAzmagarbhapratibimbameNaH / / 2 "candraprabhAya prabhave trisandhyaM tasmainamo vismayanIyabhAse / yatpAdapadmau savidhasthite'pi candre vinidrAdbhutakAntiyuktau / " evaM "candraprabhaM naumi yadIyabhAsA nUnaMjitA cAndramasI prabhA sA / no cetkathaM tarhi tadAMtrilagnaM nakhacchalAdindukuTumbamAsIt / / 4 " tatra prasiddhAsti vicitraharmyA ramyApurI dvAravatIti nAmnA / paryantavistArivizAlazAlacchAyAchaviryatparikhApayodhiH / / 15 evaM tatrAsti tadratnapuraM puraM yadddvArasthalItoraNavedimadhyam / alaMkarotyarkaturaMgapaMkti kadAcidindIvaramAlikeva / / uraH prahAratruTitoruhAramuktAphalairvairivilAsinInAm / pete kSitau yannavakIrtivallI bIjairivAnuplavapaMkilAyAm / / 7 evaM vaidagdhyadagdhArivadhUprahArahArAvacUlacyutamauktikaudhAH / bhuH prakIrNAH sakalAsu dikSu yazamtarorbIjakaNA ivAsya / / " nirambude nabhasi nu vidyutaH kvacinnu tArakAH prakaTitakAntayo divA / savismayairiti nitarAM janairmuhurvilokitAH pathi - pathi baddhamaNDalaiH / / 1. neminirvANa, 1/1 3. neminirvANa, 1/8 5. neminirvANa, 1/34 7. neminirvANa, 1/70 9. neminirvANa, 2/2 2. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 1/1 4. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 1/2 6. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 1/56 8. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 4/29

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218 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana tArakAH kva nu divoditadyuto vidyuto'pi na viyatyanambude / kvApyanesi na vahnayo mahastAtkametaditi dattavismayAH / / prajalpitAM jalaruhaharmyayA giraM nizamya tAM sa tanayacintayojjhitaH / prabhurbhuvaH sapadi babhUva bhAsuraH prabhApatirjaladharalekhayA yathA / / evaM tAvadeva kila kApi vallakIveNuhAri hariNekSaNA jagau / yAvadarthapatikAntayoditAM nAzRNodamRtavAhinIM giram / / / raNajjhaNanmaNimayakaMkaNotkaraiH karairudIritajayajalpitairiva / udakSipatkSitipakalatrapArzvayoH prakIrNake muhuramarAMganAjanaH / / ... . evaM raNajhaNatkiMkiNikAraveNa saMbhASya yatrAmbaramArgakhinnam / maruccalatketanatAlavRntaihAvalI vIjayatIva mitram / tasyAH zarIramapadoSamazeSakAntimAdhuryamArdavamukhaizca guNaigarIyaH / kAmyaM sukAvyamiva jAtamalaMkRtInAM yogena rUpakasamuccayadIpakAnAm / / . evaM zravyaM bhavetkAvyamadUSaNaM yanna nirguNaM kvApi kadApi manye / guNArdhino dUSaNamAdadAnastatsajjanAdurjana eva sAdhuH / (jha) zrIjinasya yazasA jagadbahiH sarpateva vapurantarasthiteH / vAsaraiH katipayairnRpapriyA prApa pakvazarapANDuraM vapuH / / evaM antarvapuH praNayinaH paramezvarasya, niryayazobhiriva sA parirabhyamANA / svalparahobhirabhito ghanasArasAra-klRptopadehamiva dehamuvAha devI / / 1. dharmazAbhyudaya, 5/2 2. neminirvANa, 2/29 3. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 5/53 4. minirvaNa, 2/36 5. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 1/77 6. neminirvANa, 3/34 7. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, 1/25 8. neminirvANa, 4/5 9. dharmazabhyuidaya, 6/3

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neminirvANa : prabhAva evaM avadAna 211 (ba) tasya janmabhavane prabodhitAH saptamaMgalamayasya dIpakAH / AgatA iva divo maharSayaH sevanArthamabhurabhutaprabhAH / / evaM bAlasya tasya mahasA sahasodhatena, pradhvaMsitAndhatamase sadane tadAnIm / sevAgatAmbaramunInivasapta kAcida, dIpAnvyabodhayata kevalamaMgalArtham / / pravizya zacyA zuci sUtikAgRhaM samarpa mAyAmayamanyamIdRzam / prabhuH karAbhyAM jagRhe'tha mAtRtaH kRtapraNAmAya varAya cArpitaH / / pravizya sadmanyatha suvratAyAH samarpya mAyApratirUpamaMke / zacI jinaM pUrvapayodhivIceH samujjahArendumivoditaM dyauH / / prayujyamAne tava nAmni jAyatAM prakAmamAdyaH puruSo manISiNAm / jineza yuSmatpadayogasaMbhave'pyayaM bhavatyuttama ityagocaraH / / evaM yuSmatpadaprayogeNa puruSaH syAdyaduttamaH / artho'yaM sarvathA nAtha lakSasyApyagocaraH / / isI prakAra anya aneka sthaloM para bhI neminirvANa kA zabdagata evaM arthagata sAmya dRSTigocara hotA hai / tIrthaGkara paraka hI kathAvastu hone se bhAva-sAmya to donoM kAvyoM me anekatra hai hii| (2) dharmazarmAbhyudaya meM dharmanAtha ke tIrthaGkara pUrvabhavoM kA varNana huA hai / neminirvANa meM bhI neminAtha tIrthaGkara ke pUrva bhavoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| (3) tIrthaGkara kA garbhAvataraNa, garbhAvataraNa se pahale hI indra kI AjJA se devAMganAoM dvArA tIrthaGkara kI hone vAlI mAtA kI sevA, rAnI kA solaha svapa dekhanA, tIrthaGkara ke janma hone para indra kA Asana kampita honA, caturNikAya ke devoM ke sAtha indra kA AnA, indrANI dvArA navajAta bAlaka ke sthAna para mAyAmayI bAlaka ko rakhakara bAlaka ko uThAnA tathA indra ko sauMpanA, sumeru parvata para 1008 kalazoM dvArA tIrthaGkara bAlaka kA janmAbhiSeka kiyA jAnA, tatpazcAt bAlaka ko mAtA ko sauMpa kara indra kA vApisa jAnA, dIkSA kalyANaka, tapazcaraNa, kevalajJAna evaM tIrthaGkara kA upadeza samAna rUpa se donoM hI kAvyoM meM varNita huA hai| jisa prakAra mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne pUrvavartiyoM se kucha grahaNa kiyA hai, usI prakAra pazcAtvartI kaviyoM ko unakA avadAna bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| 1. naiminirvaNa, 4/23 2. dharmazAbhyudava,6/20 3. minirvANa, 5/2 4. dharmazarmabhyudaya,7/R 5. neminirvaNa, 5/68 6. dharmazarmabhyudaya, 3/52

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220 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana vAgbhaTa kA vIranandi para prabhAva : vIranandi kRta candraprabhacarita para vAgbhaTa kI zailI kA paryApta prabhAva hai / vIranandi ne bhI vAgbhaTa ke hI samAna eka sarga meM aneka chandoM kA vivecana karake apanA chandaHkauzala prakaTa kiyA hai| unake candraprabhacarita para vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa kA atyanta prabhAva hai / candraprabhacarita kA kathAnaka bhI neminirvANa ke samAna uttarapurANa se liyA gayA hai| tIrgharotpatti, janmakalyANaka, saMsAra kI anityatA, tapagrahaNa, dArzanika upadeza Adi meM vIranandi ne vAgbhaTa kA anukaraNa kiyA hai| vAgbhaTa kA muni jJAnasAgara para prabhAva : sudarzanodaya ke "vIraprabhuH svIyasubuddhinAvA bhavAbdhitIraM gmit-prjaavaan||2 zloka para neminirvANa ke "apArasaMsArasamudranAvaM deyAddayAluH sumatirmatiM naH" kA prabhAva jAna paDatA hai| ukta vivecana se spaSTa hai ki mahAkavi vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa para kAlidAsa, kumAradAsa, bhAravi, mAgha, haricandra Adi kA prabhAva hai / isake atirikta bhartRharikRta zatakatraya evaM nIti pradhAna AkhyAna sAhitya kA bhI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / paravartI kaviyoM meM candraprabhacarita ke racayitA vIranandi tathA sudarzanodaya Adi kAvyoM ke praNetA muni jJAnasAgara jI vAgbhaTa kRta neminirvANa se prabhAvita haiM / 1. draSTavya - jaina sAhitya kA bRhada itihAsa bhAga 6 pR0484 2. sudarzanedaya, 11 3. neminirvaNa,1/5

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adhyAya ATha upasaMhAra bhAratavarSa ke naitika jIvana ko satpatha kI ora unnayana karane meM jina mahApuruSoM kA mahanIya yogadAna rahA hai, unameM jaina dharma ke bAIsaveM tIrthakara neminAtha anyatama haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki unake jIvana se prabhAvita hokara kavi nirantara kAvya-racanA karake apanI lekhanI ko saphala karate rahe haiM / jaina purANoM ke anusAra jaba saurIpura meM samudravijaya ke ariSTanemi nAmaka putra huA, usake pUrva samudravijaya ke choTe bhAI vasudeva ke yahA~ zrIkRSNa kA janma ho cukA thA / isa prakAra nemi yA ariSTanemi zrI kRSNa ke tAUjAta bhAI the| unake pAvana jIvanacarita ko mahAkAvyoM meM guMphita karane vAle mahAkaviyoM meM vAgbhaTa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM neminAtha tIrthaGkara ke kevala jIvana kA caritAMkana hI nahIM huA hai, apitu isameM mahAkAvya ke samasta guNoM kA citraNa huA hai / isameM jainadarzana ke vicAroM evaM jaina dharma ke siddhAntoM kA bhI atyanta sarala evaM sugama zailI meM pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / mAnavIya sadguNoM, dArzanika vicAroM evaM dhArmika siddhAntoM ke maNikAMcana saMyoga ke kAraNa mujhe neminirvANa para yaha zodha prabandha likhane kA vicAra huaa| ____ saMskRta sAhitya meM caritakAvyoM kI eka sudIrgha paramparA hai / yaha paramparA vaidika, jaina aura bauddha dharma kI vicAradhArAoM se nirantara pallavita hotI rahI hai / caritakAvyoM ke praNayana meM jaina kaviyoM kA mahattvapUrNa sahayoga rahA hai / jaina kavi yadyapi IsA kI dUsarI zatAbdI se hI nirantara saMskRta sAhitya kI sevA kara rahe haiM, parantu caritakAvyoM ke praNayana kI zrRMkhalA meM IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI meM viracita raviSeNAcArya kA padmacarita prathama jaina caritakAvya hai / isake bAda adyAvadhi zatAdhika caritakAvya likhe gaye haiM, jinameM jainadharmamAnya tiresaTha zalAkApuruSoM tathA anya pUjya mahApuruSoM kA carita varNita huA hai / rAma-lakSmaNa, kRSNa-baladeva, pradyumna, hanumAn Adi kI gaNanA jaina dharma meM zalAkA-puruSoM meM kI gaI hai / ataeva jainoM ne apanI paramparAnusAra inako AdhAra banAkara aneka caritakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / yahA~ taka ki jaina caritakAvyoM ke praNayana kA zrIgaNeza prAkRta evaM saMskRta donoM hI prAcIna Arya bhASAoM meM rAmakathA se hI huA hai / padmacarita meM rAma kA hI patitapAvana carita varNita hai / jaina dharma meM rAma kA nAma padma bhI milatA hai| caritakAvyoM ko jainadharma meM prathamAnuyoga bhI kahA jAtA hai / kyoMki jaina paramparA meM sampUrNa vAGmaya cAra anuyogoM meM vibhakta hai aura prathamAnuyoga meM hI paramArtha kA kathana karane vAle tiresaTha zalAkApuruSoM evaM anya dhArmika mahApuruSoM kA jIvanacarita varNita hotA hai / caritakAvyoM kA kAlAnukramika vivaraNa prastuta karate hue batAyA gayA hai ki IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI se lekara bIsavIM zatAbdI taka kauna-kauna se caritakAvya likhe gaye haiM / isa vivaraNa meM yaha bhI spaSTa kara diyA gayA hai ki unakA racanAkAla kyA hai tathA kisa kAvya kI

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222 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana pramukha vizeSatAyeM kyA haiM? yaha vivaraNa isalie Avazyaka samajhA gayA hai tAki vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa kI paramparA kA pUrvApara paricaya bhI prApta ho ske| raviSeNakRta padmacarita (7 vIM zatAbdI), jaTAsiMha nandi kA varAMgacarita (8 vIM zatAbdI), guNabhadrAcAryakRta uttarapurANa (9 vIM zatAbdI), vIranandikRta candraprabhacarita, mahAsenakRta pradyumnacarita evaM asagakRta vardhamAnacarita (10 vIM zatAbdI), vAdirAjasUrikRta pArzvanAthacarita evaM yazodharacarita (11 vIM zatAbdI), kalikAlasarvajJa hemacandrAcArya kA kumArapAlacarita aura vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa (12 vIM zatAbdI), tathA udayaprabhasUri kA dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya yA saMghapaticarita evaM mahAkavi haricandrakRta dharmazarmAbhyudaya aura jIvandharacammU (13 vIM zatAbdI) bhinna bhinna zatAbdiyoM ke pratinidhi caritakAvya haiM / inameM hemacandrAcArya ke kumArapAlacarita aura udayaprabhasUri ke dharmAbhyudaya mahAkAvya kA aitihAsika tathyoM ke jJAna kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| aneka caritakAvyoM ke nirmANa kI dRSTi se IsA kI 14 vIM-15 vIM zatAbdI kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ina do zatAbdiyoM meM pacAsa se bhI adhika caritakAvyoM kA praNayana huA hai / inameM bhaTTAraka sakala kIrti ne aneka caritakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai / vipulakAvyapraNayana kI dRSTi se bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti pramukha haiM / 16 vIM zatAbdI se lekara 19 vIM zatAbdI taka lagabhaga cAlIsa carita kAvyoM kI racanA huI hai kintu koI mahattvapUrNa upalabdhi nahIM mAnI jA sakatI hai / bIsavIM zatAbdI ke zrI jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja (pUrva nAma zrI bhUrAmalla zAstrI) ne aneka caritakAvyoM kI racanA kI hai, jinameM jayodaya, vIrodaya, sudarzanodaya, samudradattacarita Adi utkRSTa koTi ke kAvya haiM / inake kAvyoM meM bhASA, bhAva evaM navIna chanda-nirmANa kA anupama kauzala dRSTigocara hotA hai / bihArI lAla zarmA kA maMgalAyatana bhI utkRSTa gadyakAvya hai / isa prakAra spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jaina kaviyoM ne caritakAvyoM ke praNayana ke mAdhyama se saMskRta sAhitya kI mahatI sevA kI hai / yahA~ yaha dhyAtavya hai ki jaina caritakAvyoM ke nirmANa meM jainetara sampradAya ke vidvAnoM ne bhI ruci lI hai aura eka aizvaryazAlI paramparA ko prastuta kiyA hai / ye kavi mUlataH prAkRta bhASA kI paramparA ko lekara saMskRta sAhitya ke kSetra meM praviSTa huye haiM, phalataH inake kAvyoM meM prAkRta bhASA ke pAramparika tattva bhI dRSTigata hote haiM / ina kAvyoM ke vizleSaNa se saMskRta bhASA kI vyApakatA ke sAtha hI usakA vizAla bhaNDAra bhI samRddhatara hogaa| bhArata ke dhArmika jIvana ko prabhAvita karane vAle mahAtmAoM RSi-maharSiyoM, tIrthaGkaroM meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha kA cirasthAyI prabhAva hai / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhAratavarSa kI prAyaH sabhI bhASAoM meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke jIvanacarita para vibhinna zailiyoM meM aneka kAvya likhe gaye haiM / kyoMki neminAtha kA AkhyAna pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra kI taraha hI atyanta rocaka evaM ghaTanApradhAna hai| aneka kaviyoM ne unake pAvana upadeza ko pracArita karane kI bhAvanA se sabhI bhAratIya bhASAoM meM kAvyoM kA praNayana kiyA hai / prastuta zodha prabandha meM saMskRta ke lagabhaga 30, rAjasthAnI ke

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upasaMhAra 223 3, marAThI ke 2, kannaDa ke 2, prAkRta ke 4, apabhraMza ke 5, hindI ke lagabhaga 100, tathA gujarAtI ke 2, lagabhaga 150 se bhI adhika neminAtha viSayaka kAvyoM kA paricaya diyA gayA hai| saMkhyA kI dRSTi se hI nahIM, bhAvoM kI dRSTi se bhI ye kAvya prabhAvazAlI haiN| inameM vAgbhaTakRta minirvANa evaM vikramakRta nemicarita (namidUta) saMskRta meM likhita mahattvapUrNa kAvya haiM / vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa hI zodha kA Alocya viSaya hai / saMskRta sAhitya ke anuzIlana se vAgbhaTa nAmaka tIna suprasiddha vidvAnoM kA patA calatA hai- 1. aSTAMga hRdaya ke racayitA, 2. kAvyAnuzAsana nAmaka kAvyazAstrI grantha ke racayitA aura 3. vAgbhaTAlaMkAra nAmaka prasiddha alaMkArazAstrIya grantha ke praNetA / jaina siddhAnta bhavanaArA kI hastalikhita prati (vi0 saM0 1727 meM likhita) ke AdhAra para jJAta hotA hai ki vAgbhaTAlkAra ke praNetA vAgbhaTa hI neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke bhI praNetA haiN| neminirvANa kI hastalikhita pratiyoM meM prApta prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki vAgbhaTa prAgvATa (pauravADa) kula ke the tathA inake pitA kA nAma chADa thA / inakA janma ahicchatrapura meM huA thA / ahicchatrapura kI sthiti vivAdAspada hai, parantu mahAmahopAdhyAya zrI ojhA jI dvArA mAnya nAgaura (purAnA nAma nAgapura ) hI ahicchatrapura mAnanA adhika ucita pratIta hotA hai / neminirvANa evaM vAgbhaTAlaMkAra ke maMgalAcaraNoM se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki ve jainadharma kI digambara paramparA ke anuyAyI the| kyoMki unhoMne 19 veM tIrthaGkara ko mallikA puruSa rUpa meM varNana kiyA hai tathA digambara mAnya 16 svapnoM kA varNana kiyA hai| jJAtavya hai ki zvetAmbara paramparA 19 veM tIrthaGkara malli ko strI svIkAra karatI hai / kavi kA aNahillapaTTana ke prativizeSa sneha dikhAI par3atA hai / ve cAlukyanareza zrI jayasiMhadeva ke Azrita kavi the| jayasiMha deva kA samaya 1093 -1143 I0 mAnA jAtA hai / ataH inakA samaya bhI isake Asa pAsa kA hI honA cAhiye / jina jaina kaviyoM ne saMskRta ke vikAsa meM sahayoga diyA hai, unameM vAgbhaTa kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / ve bahumukhI pratibhAsampanna vidvAna the / alaMkArazAstra aura sAhitya donoM meM unakI agAdha paiTha thI / I neminirvANa mahAkAvya kA mUla srota guNabhadrAcArya dvArA praNIta uttarapurANa haiM / yadyapi uttarApurANa ke pUrva AcArya yativRSabhakRta tiloyapaNNattI meM bhagavAn neminAtha ke caritra ke kucha sUtra upalabdha hote haiM, parantu ise neminirvANa kA mUla srota svIkAra nahI kiyA jA sakatA hai / kyoMki isameM neminAtha ke mAtA-pitA kA nAma, janmasthAna, kevalajJAna evaM mokSaprApti kA digdarzana mAtra prApta hotA hai| isameM unake jIvana kI kisI bhI ghaTanA kA varNana nahI kiyA gayA hai / uttarapurANa meM tIrthaGkara neminAtha ke jIvanacaritra kA sAMgopAMga varNana huA hai, ataH vahI isakA mUla srota hai / vAgbhaTa ne neminirvANa kI kathAvastu ko mahAkAvyAnukUla svAbhAvika evaM prabhAvaka banAne ke lie apanI kalpanA se yatkiMJcit parivartana parivardhana bhI kiye haiM / uttara purANa kI mUla kathAvastu evaM neminirvANa kA sargAnusAra kathAnaka dekara parivartana- parivardhana kA saMkSipta varNana

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224 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana kiyA gayA hai / yadyapi kavi ne kalpanA se yathocita parivartana-parivardhana kiyA hai, tathApi kahIM bhI maulika parivartana nahIM kiyA hai| kAvyazAstrIya dRSTi se neminirvANa kA saMvedya evaM zilpa anupama hai / bhAva pakSa aura kalApakSa donoM meM hI vAgbhaTa siddhahasta haiM / kAvyazAstriyoM ne eka saphala mahAkAvya meM jina guNoM kA rahanA anivArya svIkAra kiyA hai, neminirvANa meM una sabhI guNoM kA suSThutayA prayoga kiyA hai / prAyaH sabhI jaina carita kAvyoM me aMgI rasa ke rUpa meM zAnta rasa kA hI paripAka huA hai, prAyaH anya sabhI rasoM kI aMga rUpa meM vyaMjanA huI hai / zrRMgAra ke ubhayapakSa, raudra, vIra, karuNa evaM adbhuta rasoM kI abhivyakti meM kavi ko vizeSa saphalatA prApta huI hai| - saMskRta sAhitya meM chandoM kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne varNanoM ko AkarSaka banAne ke lie bhAvAnurUpa chandoM kA sanniveza kiyA hai / kavi ne pacAsa se bhI adhika pracalita-apracalita chandoM kA prayoga kara pANDitya kA anupama paricaya diyA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa kI chandayojanA ativismayakArI hai / unhoMne aise chandoM kA bhI prayoga kiyA hai, jinakA patA vRttaratlAkara ke praNetA kedArabhaTTa ko bhI nahIM thA / kAlidAsa Adi ke mahAkAvyoM meM bhI inake dvArA prayukta aneka chanda nahIM milate haiN| sAtavAM sarga to chandoM kA ajAyabaghara hai / isameM kula 43 chandoM kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai tathA jisa padya meM jisa chanda kA prayoga kiyA hai, usakA nAma bhI usI meM prastuta kara diyA hai / neminirvANa meM prayukta chanda isa prakAra haiM - AryA, somarAjI, zazivadanA, anuSTupa, vidyunmAlA, pramANikA, haMsaruta mAdhajhaMga, maNiraMga, bandhUka, rukmavatI, mattA, indravajA, upendravajA, upajAti, bhramaravilasitA, strI, syoddhatA, zAlinI, acyuta, vaMzastha, drutavilambita, kusumavicitrA, sagviNI, mauktikadAma, tAmarasa, pramitAkSarA, bhujaMgaprayAta, priyavaMdA, toTaka, rucirA, nandinI, candrikA, maMjubhASiNI, mattamayUra, vasantatilakA, azokamAlinI, praharaNakalikA, mAlinI, zazikalikA, zaramAlA, hariNI,-pRthivI, zikhariNI, mandAkrAntA, zArdUlavikrIDita, sandharA, caNDavRSTi, viyoginI aura pusspitaayaa| mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne vibhinna AyAmoM meM vividha rUpoM ko prakaTa karane ke lie vividha alaMkAro dvArA manorama evaM saundaryavardhaka citroM ko apanI lekhanI meM saMjokara unheM apane kAvya neminirvANa meM bhinna bhinna prakAra se citrita karake apane alaMkAra kauzala ko prakaTa kiyA hai| zabdAlaMkAroM me anuprAsa kI zobhA, yamaka kI manoramatA, zleSa kI saMyojanA tathA citrAlaMkAroM kI vicitratA sahaja hI pAThakoM ke hRdaya ko alaukika Ananda pradAna karatI hai / yamaka alaMkAra ke bheda-prabhedoM kA prayoga karake unhoMne yamaka alaMkAra meM siddhahastatA adhigata kI hai / chaThe sarga meM sarvatra yamaka kA prayoga kiyA gayA hai| ... arthAlaMkAroM ke mAdhyama se varNanIya viSayoM kI maMjula abhivyaMjanA meM mahAkavi vAgbhaTa kuzala hai / unhoMne neminirvANa meM upamA, utprekSA, sandeha, rUpaka, parisaMkhyA, samAsokti,

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upasaMhAra 225 udAharaNa, sahokti, virodhAbhAsa, Adi alaMkAroM kA AhlAdaka prayoga kiyA hai / yadyapi sampUrNa neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM alaMkAroM kA sarvatra prayoga huA hai kintu alaMkAroM ke kAraNa kahIM bhI bhAvoM meM AvaraNa utpanna nahIM huA hai| sAhitya meM zailI ke lie rIti yA mArga zabda vyavahata hotA hai / pratyeka kavi apane bhAvoM kI abhivyakti apane DhaMga se karatA hai / zailI kA sambandha racanAkAra ke vyaktitva se otA hai| sAhitya meM vaidarbhI, gaur3I, pAMcAlI aura lATI ina cAra rItiyoM kA kaviyoM ne Azraya liyA hai| mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne apane neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM pradhAnatayA vaidI rIti kA Azraya liyA hai, kintu varNya viSaya ke AdhAra para anya rItiyoM bhI unake kAvya meM dRSTigata hotI haiM / vAgbhaTa ne prasAda guNa kA atyadhika prayoga kiyA hai, kintu mAdhurya aura ojaguNa bhI yathAsthAna neminirvANa meM prayukta huye haiN| prakRti-citraNa kAvya kA Avazyaka evaM aparihArya tattva hai / neminirvANa meM prakRti ke AlaMbana evaM uddIpana donoM hI rUpoM kA citraNa huA hai| vaha kahIM zAnta vAtAvaraNa meM nirveda kA saMcAra karatA huA dikhalAI par3atA hai to kahIM mAdaka vAtAvaraNa meM zrRMgAra kA uddIpana karatA hai / kAlidAsAdi mahAkaviyoM ke samAna neminirvANa mahAkAvya meM bhI deza. nagara, prakRti, sUryodaya, prAtaHkAla, candramA, parvata mandira, strI-puruSa, putrajanma, jalakrIr3A, madirApAna, ratikrIr3A Adi kA manorama varNana huA hai / ina varNanoM ko par3hakara sahaja hI niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki unake varNanoM meM kalA kI sazaktatA aura anubhUti kI sajagatA donoM hI kA sundara saMyojana huA hai| neminirvANa meM mahAkavi vAgbhaTa meM tIrthaDura neminAtha kI dezanA ke prasaMga meM jainadarzana kA vistRta varNana kiyA hai / pandrahavA~ sarga to pUrA dArzanika hI hai / isameM ratnatraya (samyakdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra) ke vivecana ke sAtha jIvAdi sAta tattvoM kA vistRta varNana kiyA gayA hai / jIva cetanA lakSaNa vAlA hotA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa ne indriya saMvedana ke AdhAra para jIva ke bhedoM kA vistRta vivecana kiyA hai / eka indriya vAle jIva ko sthAvara aura do se pA~ca indriya vAle jIvoM ko basa kahA jAtA hai / gati kI apekSA athavA vitta ke pariNAmoM kI apekSA jIva ke nAraka, tiryaJca, manuSya aura deva ina cAra bhedoM kA vistRta vivecana isa prasaMga meM huA hai| ajIva tatva ko pAca~ bhAgoM meM vibhakta kiyA gayA hai-dharmadravya adharmadravya, aNu, kAla aura AkAza / aNu ko hI anyatra pudgala kahA gayA hai dharmadravyagati meM aura adharmadravya sthiti meM sahAyaka hotA hai / AkAza sarvatra vyApta aura anazvara hai / kAla bhI sarvatra vyApta aura anazvara hai kintu yaha AkAza ke samAna astikAya nahIM hai / mana, vacana kAya kA yoga Atrava kahalAtA hai / kamoM aura AtmA kA sambandha bandha kahalAtA hai / yaha do prakAra kA hotA hai- zubha aura azubha / utpanna huye Abaddha karmoM kA ruka jAnA saMvara kahalAtA hai| karmoM ke phaloM kA bhogapUrvaka nAza ho jAnA nirjarA kahalAtI hai / nirbarA ke hone para vaha AtmA darpaNa ke samAna nirmala ho

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226 zrImadvAgbhaTaviracitaM neminirvANam : eka adhyayana jAtA hai / baMdhe hue sabhI karmoM kA chUTa jAnA mokSa hai / ukta sAta tatvoM ke vivecana ke atirikta neminirvANa meM Arta, raudra, dharma aura zukla ina caturvidha dhyAnoM kA, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha ina paMca pApoM kA, karmasiddhAnta bAhya aura Abhyantara tapoM kA vistAra pUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai / prasaMgataH jainadarzana ke mUlabhUta siddhAnta anekAnta kA bhI pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai / isa dArzanika anuzIlana se nemi nirvANa apane uddezya meM sarvathA saphala pratIta hotA hai| kyoMki usakA dhyeya mokSa puruSArtha hai| ____ tatkAlIna saMskRti kI amiTa chApa sAhitya para par3anA svabhAvika hai / neminirvANa meM bhaugolika pariveza meM aneka dvIpa, parvata, nadiyA~, vana, udyAna, vRkSa, vanaspatiyA~, puSpa, pazu-pakSI, deza, janapada, nagara, grAma Adi kA vistRta vivecana huA hai / nagara meM bhavanoM ke nimANa kI kalA kA sthApatya kI dRSTi se mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| . rAjanItika paristhiyA~ bhI neminirvANa meM pratibimbita huI hai / rAjA aura mantrI kA uttarAdhikAra prAyaH jyeSTha putra ko hI milatA thA, kintu kabhI kabhI yaha niyama chor3a bhI diyA jAtA thA / rAjA samudravijaya ne vasudeva kA bhaktibhAva dekhakara unake putra zrIkRSNa ko yuvarAja banA diyA thA / rAjA ke aneka adhikArI evaM sevaka hote the / rAjA aura prajA ke sambandha atyanta madhura the / nyAya aura daNDa vyavasthA sudRDha thI tathA deza kI rakSA ke lie eka sainya vibhAga hotA thA / . neminirvANa meM sAmAjika sthiti ke antargata parivAra, vivAha, bhojanapAna, AjIvikA ke sAdhana, AbhUSaNa, zikSA, saMskAra, manoraMjana svapna evaM zakunavicAra Adi kA ullekha huA hai| usa samaya sAmAnyataH zAkAhArI bhojana hI kiyA jAtA thA, kintu rAjA Adi mAMsAhArI bhojana bhI karate the / bhAratIya saMskRti ke pariprekSya meM neminirvANa meM pratipAdita saMskRti kA jJAna Avazyaka evaM avismaraNIya hai / isase hama madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti ko anAyAsa hI jAna sakate haiN| ___ sabhI kaviyoM para apanI pUrvavartI kaviparamparA kA prabhAva avazya par3atA hai / kyoMki kavi apane pUrva kaviyoM kI paramparA kA adhyayana avazya karatA hai / mahAkavi vAgbhaTa bhI isake apavAda nahIM haiM / unake kAvya meM jahA~ pUrvakAvyoM kA zailIgata, bhAvAtmaka zAbdika yA Arthika anukaraNa pAyA jAtA hai, vahA~ pazcAdvartI kaviparamparA (vizeSatayA jaina kavi paramparA) ko unakA avadAna bhI kama mahattvapUrNa nahIM hai| neminirvANa mahAkAvya ke ukta vivecana se spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki bhArata kI sAhityika sAdhanA ne bhASAviSayaka vivAdoM ko chor3akara tathA saMskRta ko AdhAra banAkara sampradAyagata saMkIrNa bandhanoM ko tor3a diyA thA / vaidika aura bauddha sampradAyoM ke sAtha-sAtha jainoM ne bhI saMskRta kI anupama sevA karake eka aizvaryazAlI paramparA kI sthApanA kI thI / mahAkavi vAgbhaTakRta neminirvANa ke isa samIkSAtmaka adhyayana se saMskRta sAhitya kI avazya hI zrIvRddhi ho skegii|

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agnipurANa anuyogadvArasUtra bhAga - abhinavabhAratI amarakoza alaMkAracintAmaNi AdipurANa bhAga 1 AratI saMgraha * uttarapurANa AdipurANa meM pratipAdita bhArata 1 kAlidAsa granthAvalI 2 pariziSTa pariziSTa sandarbhagranthAnukramaNikA prakAzaka - gurumaNDala granthamAlA manasukharAya mora 5 phlAina kalakattA, prathama saMskaraNa 1957 I0 lekhaka AryarakSita, vyAkhyAkAra - zrI ghAsIlAla jI mahArAja, prakAzaka - akhila bhAratIya zvetAmbara jaina zAstroddhAra samiti rAjakoTa, prathama saMskaraNa 1967 I0 lekhaka - abhinavagupta, prakAzaka- gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala sIrIja bar3audA lekhaka - amarasiMha, prakAzaka- gavarnameNTa senTrala buka Dipo bambaI, SaSTha saMskaraNa 1907 I0 lekhaka - ajitasena, sampAdaka evaM anuvAdaka - DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1973 I0 lekhaka - jinasena, sampAdaka evaM anuvAda - pa0 pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI 1963 I0 evaM 1965 Io lekhaka - DA0 nemicandra zAstrI, prakAzaka - zrI gaNeza prasAda varNI digambara jaina granthamAlA vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa 1968 I0 saMkalanakartA - jinadAsa cavar3e prakAzaka- jinadAsa cavar3e vardhA, 1926 I0 lekhaka - guNabhadra, sampAdaka evaM anuvAdaka - paM0 pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka- bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1954 I0 sampAdaka AcArya sItArAma, caturvedI bhArata prakAzana mandira, alIgar3ha, tRtIya saMskaraNa vi0 saM0 2019 (1962 I0 )

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kavivara bulAkhIcandra bulAkIdAsa evaM hemacandra kavivara bUcarAja evaM unake samakAlIna kavi kAdambarI kAvyaprakAza kAvyamImAMsA kAvyAdarza zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyapana lekhaka - DA. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, prakAzaka zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa lekhaka - DA0 kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, prakAzaka - . zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1979 I0 lekhaka - vANabhaTTa, prakAzaka - sAhitya bhaNDAra meraTha lekhaka - AcArya mammaTa, vyAkhyAkAra - AcArya vizvezvara, prakAzaka - jJAnamaNDala limiTeDa vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa, vikrama saMvat 2031 (1974 I0) lekhaka - rAjazekhara, anuvAdaka - gaMgAsAgararAya prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana cauka vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa san 1964 I0 lekhaka - daNDI, sampAdaka - AcArya rAmacandra mitra prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, vikrama saMvat 2028 lekhaka - vAgbhaTa, sampAdaka - zivadatta zarmA evaM kAzInAtha pANDuraMga paraba, prakAzaka - nirNayasAgara presa bambaI 1915 I0 lekhaka - hemacandra, sampAdaka - zivadatta zarmA evaM kAzInAtha pANDuraMga paraba, prakAzaka - nirNayasAgara presa bambaI, prathama saMskaraNa 1934 I0 lekhaka bhAmaha, bhASyakAra - devendranAtha zarmA, prakAzaka - bihAra rASTrabhASA pariSad paTanA prathama saMskaraNa 1962 I0 lekhaka - udbhaTa, sampAdaka - maMgeza rAmakRSNa tailaMga, prakAzaka - bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI 1915 I0 lekhaka - vAmana, sampAdaka - nArAyaNarAma AcArya prakAzaka - nirNayasAgara presa bambaI, caturtha saMskaraNa 1953 I0 lekhaka - bhAravi, prakAzaka - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa vArANasI, paMcama saMskaraNa 1968 I0 lekhaka - hemacandra, prakAzaka - bhANDArakara oriyanTala sIrIja pUnA, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1936 I0 kAvyAnuzAsana kAvyAnuzAsana kAvyAlaMkAra kAvyAlaMkArasArasaMgraha kAvyAlaMkArasUtra kirAtArjunIya kumArapAlacarita

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pariziSTa kuvalayamAlA candraprabhacarita chando'nuzAsana chandomaMjarI jinaratnakoza jaina Agama sAhitya meM bhAratIya samAja jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 1 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 2 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 3 jaina zilAlekha saMgraha bhAga - 4 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa bhAga - 5 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad itihAsa, bhAga - 6 jaina sAhitya kA bRhad - II lekhaka - udyotanasUri, DA0 AdinAtha neminAtha upAdhye, prakAzaka - siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha bhAratIya vidyA bhavana bumbaI 1959 I0 lekhaka - vIranandi, prakAzaka - lAlacanda hirAcanda dozI, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, zolApura 1971 I0 lekhaka - hemacandra, sampAdaka - haridAmodara.velaNakara prakAzaka - motIlAla banArasI dAsa dillI, tRtIya saMskaraNaM 1973 I0 lekhaka - gaMgAdAsa, TIkAkAra - paM0 haridatta zAstrI evaM zaMkaradeva pAThaka, - prakAzaka - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa, vArANasI 1964 I0 lekhaka - haridAmodara velaNakara, prakAzaka - bhANDArakara oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa pUnA, 1944 I0 lekhaka - DA0 jagadIzacandra jaina, prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana cauka vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1965 I0 sampAdaka - DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakAzaka - mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI 1928 I0 sampAdaka - paM0 vijayamUrti, prakAzaka - mANika candra digambara jaina grenthamAlA bambaI 1952 I0 sampAdaka - paM0 vijayamUrti, prakAzaka - mANika candra digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI 1956 I0 sampAdaka - DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, prakAzaka-bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, 1966 I0 lekhaka - ambAlAla pre0 zAha, prakAzaka - pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1969 I0 lekhaka - DA0 gulAbacandra caudharI, prakAzaka - pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1973 I0 lekhaka - ke0 bhujavalI zAstrI, TI0 pI0 mInAkSIsundaram

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IV itihAsa, bhAga - 7 jainAcA kA alaMkArazAstra lekhaka DA0 kamaleza kumAra jaina, prakAzaka pArzvanAtha vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1984 I0 maiM yogadAna tattvArthasAra tapArthasUtra tattvArtharAjavArtika tiloya paNatI tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA bhAga 1-4 dA jainijma ina dA hisTarI Apha saMskRta liTrenara dravya saMgraha dhanyazAlibhadracarita zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita naiminirvANam : eka adhyayana pillai aura DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara prakAzaka- pAnA vidyAzrama zodha saMsthAna vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1981 0 dharmazarmAbhyudaya dharmAbhyudaya lekhaka - amRtacandrAcArya, vyAkhyAkAra - DA0 pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka gaNezaprasAda varNI digambara jaina granthamAlA vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa vI0 ni0 saM0 2496 G = = lekhaka - gRddhapiccha ( umAsvAmI), anuvAdaka - paM0 phUlacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka gaNezaprasAda varNI digambara jaina granthamAlA vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa vI0 ni0 saM0 2476 = lekhaka - akalaMkadeva, sampAdaka- paM0 mahendrakumAra nyAyAcArya, = prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI prathama saMskaraNa = lekhaka - yativRSabhAcArya, sampAdaka DA0 e0 ena0 upAdhye = evaM DA0 hIrAlAla jaina, prakAzaka jIvarAja pranthamAlA jaina saMskRti saMgha zolApura, prathama saMskaraNa vikrama saM0 2000 lekhaka - DA0 naimicandra zAstrI, prakAzaka- akhilabhAratavarSIya digambara jaina vidvata pariSad sAgara, prathama saMskaraNa 1974 I0 lekhaka - ema0 vinTaranitva, sampAdaka - jinavijaya muni, prakAzaka - jinavijayamuni ahamadAbAda, prathama saMskaraNa 1946 I = = lekhaka - naimicandra siddhantideva, anuvAdaka - paM0 parameSThIdAsa jaina, prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagaha, paMcama saMskaraNa bI0 ni0 saM0 2506 = lekhaka - pUrNacandrasUri, prakAzaka - jinadattasUri jJAna bhaNDAra sUrata, prathama saMskaraNa 1934 I0 lekhaka - haricandra, sampAdaka - paM0 pannAlAla jaina prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1954 I0 = lekhaka - udapaprabhasUri, sampAdaka - jinavijayamuni prakAzaka : siMdhI jaina zAstra zikSApITha bhAratIya vidyAbhavana bambaI vikrama saM0 2005

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pariziSTa vanyAloka navakA lekhaka - Anandavardhana, vyAkhyAkAra - vizvezvara prakAzaka - zanamaNDala limiTeDa vArANasI lekhaka - mAilsa babala, anuvAdaka - paM0 kailAsa candra zAstrI, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapIDa kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1971 0 lekhaka - malliSeNa, hastalikhita prati Amera zAstra bhaNDAra jayapura (vartamAna - jaina vidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI) lekhaka - rAmacandra guNacandra, sampAdaka - AcArya vizvezvara, prakAzaka - dillI vizvavidyAlaya dillI, prathama saMskaraNa nAgakumAracarita nATyadarpaNa nATyazAstra lekhaka - bharatamuni, prakAzaka - gAyakavAr3a oriyanTala isTITyUTa bar3audA lekhaka - saumadevasUri, sampAdaka sundaralAla zAstrI, prakAzaka - mahAvIra jaina granthamAlA vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1976 nautivAkyAmRta meM rAjanIti lekhaka - DA. ema. ela. zarmA, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha, dillI nItizataka lekhaka - bhAra, prakAzaka - mahAlakSmI prakAzana AgarA, 1987 I0 lekhaka - vikrama, prakAzaka - bIranirvANa anya prakAzaka samiti indaura, bI0ni0 saM0 2437 naiminirvANa lekhaka - bAgbhaTa, sampAdaka - paM0 zibadana zarmA, evaM kAzInAtha pANDuraMga paraba, prakAzaka - nirNaya sAgara presa bambaI, dvitIya saMskaraNa 1936 I0 nyAbadISikA lekhaka- abhinava dharmabhUSaNa yati, sampAdaka - DA0 darabArIlAla kauliyA, prakAzaka - bIra saikA mandira dillI, dvitIya saMskaraNa lekhaka - vAdirAjasUri, sampAdaka - paM0 mahendra kumAra nAgAcArya, bhAga 1-2 prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1949 evaM 1954 I0

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VI zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita neminirvANam : eka adhyayana padmapurANa bhAga 1 - 3 lekhaka - raviSeNAcArya, anuvAdaka - paM0 pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1958 evaM 1959 I0 pAvana tIrtha hastinApura DA0 ramezacandra jaina, prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina tIrthakSetra kameTI hastinApura (u0 pra0), prathama saMskaraNa 1984 I0 pArzvanAthacarita lekhaka - udayavIragaNi, prakAzaka - jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara, prathama saMskaraNa vi0 saM0 1970 pArzvanAthacarita lekhaka - bhAvadevasUri, prakAzaka - yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA banArasa, vI0 ni0 saM0 2438 / pArzvanAthacarita lekhaka - vAdirAjasUri, saMzodhaka - paM0 manohara lAla zAstrI, prakAzaka - mANikacandra digambara jaina granthamAlA bambaI, vikrama saM01973 pArzvanAthacarita lekhaka - hemavijaya, prakAzaka - muni mohanalAla jaina granthamAlA banArasa, prathama saMskaraNa 1916 I0 pArzvanAthacarita kA lekhaka - DA0 jayakumAra jaina, prakAzaka - sanmati prakAzana samIkSAtmaka adhyayana mujaphpharanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1987 I0 purudevacampU lekhaka - arhaddAsa pRthivIcandracarita / lekhaka - rUpaviz2agagaNi, prakAzaka - jaina dharma prasAraka sabhA bhAvanagara, 1936 I0 pRthivIcandracarita lekhaka - satyarAjagaNi, prakAzaka - yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA bhAvanagara, vikrama saM0 1976 bAI ajItamati evaM unake lekhaka - DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, prakAzaka - zrI samakAlIna kavi mahAvIra grantha akAdamI jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa - 1984 I0 bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti aura lekhaka - DA0 kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, prakAzaka - zrI kumAracandra : vyaktitva evaM mahAvIra grantha akAdamI jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa kRtitva bhaTTAraka sampradAya lekhaka - DA0 vidyAdhara joharApurakara, prakAzaka - jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha zolApura vikrama saM0 2014 (1957) bhAratIya darzana lekhaka - satIzacandra caTTopAdhyAya evaM dhIrendra mohanadatta, prakAzaka - pustaka bhaNDAra paTanA dvitIya saMskaraNa (hindI) ta .

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pariziSTa VII bhAratIya sthApatya lekhaka - dvijendranAtha zukla, prakAzaka - hindI samiti sUcanA vibhAga uttara pradeza lakhanaU, prathama saMskaraNa 1968 I0 bhojacaritra lekhaka - rAjaballabha, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1964 I0 manusmRti anuvAdaka - DA0 jayakumAra jaina, prakAzaka - sAhitya bhaNDAra 'subhASa bAjAra meraTha, prathama saMskaraNa 1983 I0 / malayasundarIcarita lekhaka - jayatilakasUri, prakAzaka - devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakoddhAra bhANDAgAra 1916 I0 mahAkavi brahmajinadAsa lekhaka - DA0 premacandra rAvakA, prakAzaka. - mahAvIra grantha vyaktitva evaM kRtitva akAdamI jayapura, prathama saMskaraNa 1980 mahAbhArata lekhaka - vedavyAsa, sampAdaka - zrIpAda kRSNa belavalakara, prakAzaka - bhANDArakara, oriyanTala risarca insTITyUTa pUnA, 1961 I0 munisuvratacarita lekhaka - arhadAsa prakAzaka - devakumAra granthamAlA jaina siddhAnta bhavana ArA, prathama saMskaraNa 1919 I0 mokSamArgaprakAzaka lekhaka - paM0 ToDaramala, prakAzaka - paM0 ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, e-4, bApUnagara jayapura yazodharacarita lekhaka - vAdirAjasUri, sampAdaka - ke0 kRSNamUrti prakAzaka - karNATaka yunivarsiTI dhAravAr3a prathama saMskaraNa 1963 I0 raighU sAhitya kA lekhaka - DA0 rAjArAma jaina, prakAzaka - jaina zAstra aura AlocanAtmaka parizIlana ahiMsA zodha saMsthAna vaizAlI (bihAra sarakAra), prathama saMskaraNa 1972 I0 ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra lekhaka - samantabhadra, sampAdaka - paM0 pannAlAla jaina, prakAzaka - vIra sevA mandira TrasTa vArANasI 1972 I0 rasagaMgAdhara (kAvyalakSaNabhAga) lekhaka - paNDitarAja jagannAtha, vyAkhyAkAra - DA0 jayakumAra jaina, prakAzaka - sAhitya bhaNDAra meraTha, prathama saMskaraNa 1984 vakroktijIvita lekhaka - kuntaka, prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana cauka vArANasI (u0 pra0)

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VIII zrImadvAgbhaTaviracita naiminirvANam : eka adhyayana varAMgavarita lekhaka - baTAsiMha nandI, sampAdaka - khazAlabanda goravAlA, prakAzaka - bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha caurAsI mathurA, prathama saMskaraNa 1953 I. vastupAlavarita lekhaka - jinaharSagaNi, prakAzaka - hIrAlAla haMsarAja Amanagara, prathama saMskaraNa 1991 I0 bAgbhaTAlaMkAra lekhaka - vAgbhaTa, TIkAkAra - DA0 satyavratasiMha prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1957 I0 vRtaratmAkara lekhaka - kedArabhaTTa prakAzaka - saMskRta pariSada usmAniyA vizvavidyAlaya haidarAbAda, prathama saMskaraNa 1969 I0 zAntinAthacarita lekhaka - munibhadrasUri, prakAzaka - yazovijaya jaina granthamAlA banArasa, bI0ni0 saM0 2437 zizupAlavadha lekhaka - mAtra, prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1972 I. zrIpAlacarita lekhaka - jJAnavimalasUri, prakAzaka - devacandra lAlabhAI jaina pustakodAra granthamAlA bumbaI 1921 I0 zrutabodha prakAzaka - baukhambA vidyAbhavana cauka vArANasI 1972 I0 zreNikacarita lekhaka - jinaprabhasUri, prakAzaka - jaina dharma vidyA prasAraka varga pAlitAnA (gujarAta) saMskRta sAhitya kA lekhaka - DA0 rAmajI upAdhyAya, prakAzaka - rAmanArAyaNa zreNI AlocanAtmaka itihAsa mAdhava ilAhabAda dvitIya saMskaraNa 1977 I0 bhAga 1 saMskRta kAvya ke vikAsa meM lekhaka - DA0 micandra zAstrI, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha jaina kaviyoM kA yogadAna dillI, 1949 I. saMskRta sAhitya kA itihAsa lekhaka - e0 bI0 kIya, anuvAdaka - magaladeva zAstrI prakAzaka - motIlAla banArasIdAsa vArANasI dvitIya saskaraNa 1967 I. saMskRta hindI koza lekhaka - bAmana zivarAma ApTe, prakAzaka - motI lAla banArasIdAsa dillI, tRtIya saMskaraNa 1973 I0 saptavyasanacaritra lekhaka - saumakIrti (hindI anuvAda mAtra) prakAzaka - jaina grantha ratnAkara kAryAlaya bambaI 1912 I0 .

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pariziSTa samayasAra samayasAra jIvAjIvAdhikAra samayasAra nATaka sarasvatIkaNyAbharaNa sarvArthasiddhi lekhaka - kundakunda , anuvAdaka - paM0 parameSThIdAsa jaina, prakAzaka - zrI digambara jaina mumA maNDala bambaI 1962 I0 lekhaka - kundakunda, anuvAdaka- DA0 jayakumAra jaina prakAzaka - sAhitya bhaNDAra meraTha, prathama saMskaraNa 1981 I" lekhaka - paM0 banArasIdAsa, prakAzaka - zrI digabara jaina svAdhyAya mandira TrasTa sonagar3ha caturtha saMskaraNa vikrama saM0 2035 (1978 I0) lekhaka - bhaujadeva, sampAdaka - DA0 vizvanAtha bhaTTAcArya, prakAzaka - kAzI hindU vizvavidyAlaya vArANasI prathama saMskaraNa 1979 I0 lekhaka - pUjyapAda, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 19550 lekhaka - vizvanAtha, sampAdaka - DA0 satyavratasiMha prakAzaka - caukhambA vidyAbhavana vArANasI, bartha saMskaraNa 19760 lekhaka - vidyAnandi, prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha dillI, 1970 I0 lekhaka - muni jJAnasAgara, prakAzaka - muni jJAnasAgara jaina granthamAlA byAvara, prathama saMskaraNa 1968 I0 lekhaka - kSemendra (vRttaratnAkara ke sAtha prakAzita) prakAzaka - caukhambA saMskRta sIrIja Aphisa vArANasI, prathama saMskaraNa 1927 I0 lekhaka - jinasaina, sampAdaka - DA0 pannAlAla jaina prakAzaka - bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI, prathama saMskaraNa 1954 I0 sAhityadarpaNa sudarzanavarita sudarzanodaya subattatilaka harivaMzapurANa patrikAe~ anekAnta (traimAsika) sampAdaka - paM0 padmacandra zAstrI, prakAzaka - vIra sevA mandira 29 dariyAgaMja naI dillI prakAzaka - nAgarI pracAriNI sabhA kAzI / nAgarIpracAriNI *

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merA paricaya nAma - aniruddha kumAra shrmaa| pitA - zrI bAlakarAma zarmA (avakAza prApta adhyApaka) janmasthAna - kAjIkher3A (mujaphphara nagara u0pra0) janma-5 agasta 1960 (zukravAra, zuklapakSa trayodazI) zikSA prApti sthAna - bur3hAnA va janapada mujaphpharanagara (u0pra0) yogyatA - ema0e0 (saMskRta, hindI), bI.eDa., pI.eca.DI. meraTha vi0 vi0, meraTha sevArata - (saMskRta adhyApaka) kendrIya vidyAlaya na0-1, dillI chAvanI - 10 zIghraprakAzanAdhIna pustaka - "merI bhI kucha kavitAe~"

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