Sudha Sagar Hindi English Jaina Dictionary

Author(s): Rameshchandra Jain
Publisher: Gyansagar Vagarth Vimarsh Kendra Byavar

Page 216

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this Akas ā the Krttika constellation at present. Akalanka objects to the habit of making cosmic substances the pak sa in an inference because that would lead to over absurdity, that is, in that case no hetu valid or invalid would lead to overabsurdity, that is, in that case no betu valid or invalid would be without a Pak sa. Take the following example of obviously invalid inference; 'There is fire on the sea because there is smoke in the kitchen. On the Bud- dhist view even here the hetu - "there is smoke in the kitchen' - should not be considered to be devoid of a pak sa. H has the universe as its Pak sa. We may state the inference in the form : "The universe bas fire on the sea because it has smoke in the kitchen. So Akalan ka concludes that it is better to admit that there are some valid hetus that have no Pak sa than to posit cosmic substances as Pak sа in the case of such hetus. Thus according to the Jaina logician there is only one essential condition of a valid hetu and that is its otherwise - unaccountability. Byotherwise - unaccountability they mean its necessary universal connection with the Sadhya. हे त्वाभास - Fallacies of reason (Hetvā bhāsa) हेत्वाभास के विषय में अकलङ्ककीमान्यताAkalan ka bas tried to be consistent with his doctrine of 'one condition of a valid reason. Though he accepts all the fallacies of reason recognised traditionally, he observes that there is in fact only one fallacy of reason and that is called asiddhaor aki I citkaraby him; all the other fallacies are mere species of this one fallacy. Asiddha or aki icitkara, therefore, means that fal
lacy of reason which results when the sole condition of a valid hetu - the otherwise (i.e.in the absence of Sa dhya) unaccountability of the hetu - is violated in different ways, there arise four fallacies of reason that constitute the species of a single fallacy. They are asiddha, sandigdha, viruddha and akifícitkara. Asiddha and aki citkara are here understood by Akalanka in a restricted sense. The asiddha fallacy occurs when hehu does not reside in Pak sa. But Akalar ka andother Jaina logicians have not recognised the residence in Pak sa to be an essential condition of a valid hetu. So how could they say that when hetu does not reside in Pak sa there arises the fallacy of reason called asiddha ? By aki ficitkara Akalanka here means a fallacy of reason that results when the reason is adduced to prove a thesis that is either already proved or is contradicted by other valid cognitions. But then these two types of aki Tcitkara can not really be treated as fallacies of reason. They are in fact fallacies of thesis. 37797 as farg age and - There are four conditions that make a person an apta. (1) He should know correctly the fact stated by him (2) He should have no desire to deceive others (3)He should have a desire to speak out the truth. (4) He should have his concerned sense organs in perfact order. 300 tican-Akalanka recognises the possilbility of the knowledge of the intemal quility absence of narrow love and hatred which as we have already seen, makes a person an authority. He opines that a man's good and bad overt behaviour is governed by and caused by