Comparative Study Of Jaina Theories Of Reality And Knowledge

Author(s): Y J Padmarajaiah
Publisher: Jain Sahitya Vikas Mandal

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JAINA THEORIES OF REALITY AND KNOWLEDGE
bhedābhedavāda', or dvaitādvaitavāda', a doctrine of 'identityin-difference'', or of 'unity-in-diversity”. According to this doctrine brahman, the ultimate reality, evolves itself into the manifold world of objects and the selves (jīvas) and the relation between brahman on the one hand and the world and the selves on the other is one of identity and difference. Owing to the evolutionary character of brahman this doctrine may also be called a type of brahmapariņāmavāda". As brahman, in the metaphysics of Bhartsprapañca, is "not robbed of its manifestations" or the evolutes, viz., the world and the selves, but possesses them, its nature is said to be saprapanca'.
Some of the examples by which the dual nature of 'identity in difference', in brahman on the one hand and in the jivas and the world on the other, is illustrated are the
Bhartsprapanca" have been brought together, by Hiriyanna, in a paper bearing this title (see Proceedings and Transactions of the Third Oriental Conference, Madras, 1924, pp. 439-450). In the article 'Bhartsprapanca: An Old Vedāntin' contributed to The Indian Antiquary, 1924, pp. 77-86, the same writer has attempted, "a tentative reconstruction of Bhartsprapañca's doctrine in its broad outline". There have been practically no further attempts, before or since the publication of the two contributions, just mentioned. The two contributions named will be referred to as FrBH and BOV, respectively. The sources from which the 'fragments' are taken, and on which the 'reconstruction' is based, are mentioned in the course of the body and
the footnotes of the two works. 1. See, for instance, BOV, p. 78 and FrBH, p. 439. 2. BOV, p. 82, and K. C. Bhattacharya's Studies in Vedāntism, Cal
cutta, 1909, p. 25. 3. FrBH, p. 439 and BOV, p. 78, etc. 4. BOV, p. 82. 5. FrBH, p. 439. 6. Cf. BOV, p. 7, f.n. 2.