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CHAPTER V
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arise from the Jaina belief in the manifold nature of all things (sarvasyānekāntātmakatvergīkriyamāņe). If reality is of multiple nature, that is, if all natures or characters subsist in all things, then a person proceeding to get water (jala) may find himself getting fire (anala) and another person proceeding to get fire may find himself getting water.
10. Pratyakşādipramāṇabadhā is what is contrary to all experience of reality by perception and other means of valid knowledge. That is, the bhedābheda nature of reality, as conceived by the Jaina, is not borne out perceptually or inferentially or in any other manner.
11. Asambhava may be described as impossibility, resulting from the supposedly absurd view of reality held by the Jaina. Cf. TRD., p. 232.
12. Ubhayadosa : In the bhedabheda structure of reality the abhedatva signifies unitariness or oneness (ekāntenaikātmatva) and the bhedatva signifies manyness or plurality such that there arises the twofold doşa of unity (ekasvabhāvatvam) subsisiing in plurality (anekāntatve) and vice versa (anekasvabhāvatvam ekāntatve). (PKM, p. 52, and SRK, p. 739.)
13. Abhāva: The nature of this doşa is not clearly indicated. Abhayadeva, however, seems to understand it as a dosa which is presumed to rest on the non-cognisability (apratibhāsatve) of the incongruous reality as supposed to be contemplated by the Jaina theory: An incongruous real is, as stated under doşat No. 10 in this f.n., what is contrary to experience and consequently what is contrary to experience is as good as being non-existent (abhāva, cf. TBV, p. 452).
It is not possible to demarcate clearly and severally the specific features of these dosas since they are highly overlapping among themselves in their character. For instance ubhayadoşa which refers to ekatva or anekatva of the bheda - bhedātmakavastutva may, with a slight turn in the expression be easily included in, or identified with, vyadhikaraṇatādoşa which also refers to the need for more than one, instead of one abode or nature. Similarly there is very little or practically no significant difference between the dosas Nos. 7 and 8 on the one hand and those of Nos. 10, 11 and 13 on the other. Even tually all other dosas are derived from, and therefore traceable to, virodha, the supposedly root evil, against which the Jaina has to marshal out all his dialectical resources.
