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CHAPTER V
155
(svadravya), from which the object in question is made, the spatial and the temporal setting (svakşetra and svakāla), in which it is located, and the state (sva-bhāva) it manifests in the specific context concerned, are the fourfold (svadravyādicatustaya) factors, which differentiate the positive aspect of the object concerned from the corresponding negative fourfold factors (paradravyādicatusţaya : paradravya, parakşetra, parakāla and parabhāva), associated with the other or the concomitant negative aspect of the object.
A doubt is raised, at this stage, whether the positive aspect, comprising its fourfold determining characteristics, would not be after all the same as the negative aspect, comprising the corresponding fourfold negative characteristics. This doubt is of course based on the assumption that the positive aspect, like its negative counterpart, belongs to an identical entity; therefore it (the positive aspect) ought to be the same as the other one. This amounts to the identification of position and negation, or being and non-being. The Jaina dialectician promptly objects to this treatment of the situation and reaffirms his position that the two are distinctive elements, although they refer to an identical entity and can, therefore, reside in the same entity since the entity is of a manifold nature.
Here he lays stress on the fact that identification of a part (amśa), viz., the positive aspect (bhāva), with the other part, viz., the negative aspect (abhāva), results in the dual fallacy of dissolving the bhāva in the abhāva (which means all that is
1. svadravyādisattvam eva paradravyādyasattvam/ AJP, Vol. I, p. 38 ff.
