Bhagwan Mahavir ki Parampara evam Samsamayik Sandarbh

Author(s): Trilokchandra Kothari, Sudip Jain
Publisher: Trilok Ucchastariya Adhyayan evam Anusandhan Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/032426/1

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika saMdarbha DaoN. triloka candra koThArI

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kRti-paricaya Adhunika-vidhi ke lekhana meM pratyeka -vidhA aura paramparA ko aitihAsika dRSTi se tathyaparaka paricaya dene kI zailI vikasita huI hai| lagabhaga pratyeka dhArmika, dArzanika evaM anya jJAna-vijJAna kI dhArAoM meM isa zreNI kI kRtiyA~ likhI gayI haiN| jaina-paramparA meM aMtima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA kA aitihAsika dRSTi se tathyaparaka paricaya dene vAlI gambhIra vaiduSya evaM mata-matAntaroM ke ullekhanoM se utkIrNa kucha kRtiyA~ gata zatAbdI meM likhI gayI haiM; jo mAtra itihAsa kI gahana jAnakArI rakhanevAle vidvAnoM ke lie hI vizeSataH upayogI haiM, tathA unakA vistAra bhI adhika huA hai| bhASA-zailI kI dRSTi se starIya kintu subodhagamya tathA anativistAra se yukta yaha kRti zodhArthiyoM se lekara sAmAnya jijJAsuoM taka ke liye upAdeya hai| 3. isake pA~ca khaNDa haiM, jinake zIrSaka kramazaH nimnAnusAra haiM 1. jainadharma kI pRSThabhUmi aura bhagavAn mahAvIra, 2. mahAvIrottara yuga aura jainAcArya-paramparA, jaina bhaTTAraka-paramparA aura usakA yogadAna, 4. samasAmayika sandarbhoM meM mahAvIra kI paramparA, 5. vizvabhara meM jainadharma kA itivRtta evaM vartamAna sthiti| inake mAdhyama se vyApaka viSayakSetra kA maryAditarUpa meM garimApUrvaka prastutIkaraNa hI isa kRti kA vaiziSTya hai|

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha (eka zodhaparaka kRti) maMgala AzIrvacana AcArya zrI vidyAnanda munirAja lekhaka DaoN. triloka candra koThArI sampAdana evaM prastAvanA DaoN. sudIpa jaina adhyakSa, prAkRtabhASA vibhAga zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha (mAnita vizvavidyAlaya) naI dillI -110016 prakAzaka triloka uccastarIya adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna saMsthAna (oma koThArI phAuNDezana dvArA sthApita evaM sampoSita)

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bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha ( eka zodhaparaka kRti) maMgala- AzIrvacana lekhaka sampAdana evaM prastAvanA prakAzaka : Author Editing and Preface First Edition Price Published by : mudraka mUlya : 200/- ( do sau rupaye) prathama saMskaraNa 2001 I. (c) lekhaka evaM prakAzaka ke pAsa sarvAdhikAra surakSita / : : DaoN. sudIpa jaina triloka uccastarIya adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna saMsthAna (oma koThArI phAuNDezana dvArA sthApita evaM sampoSita) O.K.I.M., A-1, Special I.P.I.A., Jawahar Road, Kota-324005 ( Rajasthan ) : : AcArya zrI vidyAnanda munirAja DaoN. triloka candra koThArI prApti-sthala 1. zrI kundakunda bhAratI, 18 - bI, spezala iMsTITyUzanala eriyA, naI dillI-110067 2. anila jaina, koThArI bhavana, 16/121-122, phaiz2a roDa, karola bAga, naI dillI-110005 : BHAGWAN MAHAVIR KI PARAMPARA AVAM SAMSAMYIK SANDARBH (A Researchful Prose) : Dr. Trilok Chandra Kothari : Dr. Sudeep Jain : 2001 A.D. Rs. 200/ Trilok Institute of Higher Studies & Research (Promoted & Established by : Om Kothari Foundation)

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samarpaNa ratnatraya kI pAvana triveNI ke saMgama vidyA-mahodadhi abhIkSNa-jJAnopayogI paramapUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ke karakamaloM meM savinaya samarpita -DaoN. triloka candra koThArI

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krama saMkhyA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. OO iv viSaya- anukramaNikA viSaya prakAzakIya : sI.pI. koThArI maMgala- AzIrvacana : pUjya AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI prastAvanA : DaoN. sudIpa jaina khaNDa - eka : jainadharma kI pRSThabhUmi aura bhagavAn mahAvIra prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva anya jaina tIrthaMkara jainadharma kA vistAra khaNDa-dvitIya : mahAvIrottara - yuga aura jainAcArya - paramparA 'zruta' yA 'Agama' ke bheda tIna kevalajJAnadhArI pA~ca zrutavalI dasa pUrvadhArI AcArya zrutadharAcArya AcArya guNadhara AcArya dharasena AcArya puSpadanta AcArya bhUtabali AcArya kundakunda AcArya AryamakSu aura AcArya nAgahasti AcArya vajrayaza patrakAra AcArya yativRSabha AcArya, vappadevAcArya AcAryaH gRddhapicchAcArya AcArya vaTTara AcArya zivArya AcArya kumAra yA svAmI kumAra athavA kArtikeya sArasvatAcArya AcArya samantabhadra AcArya siddhasena AcArya pUjyapAda devanandi * AcArya svAmI pAtrakesarI AcArya joiMdu AcArya vimalasUri AcArya RSiputra pRSTha saMkhyA X xi xiii 1-22 2 7 13 23-93 2222222~~~ 25 30 30 34 34 34 35 36 39 39 40 40 43 44 45 45 46 47 47 48 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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krama-saMkhyA viSaya pRSTha-saMkhyA AcArya mAnatuMga AcArya raviNa AcArya jaTAsiMhanandi AcArya akalaMkadeva AcArya elAcArya AcArya vIrasenAcArya AcArya jinasena dvitIya AcArya vidyAnandi AcArya devasena AcArya amitagati prathama AcArya amitagati dvitIya AcArya amRtacandrasUri AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI AcArya narendrasena AcArya nemicandra muni AcArya siMhanandi AcArya sumati AcArya kumAranandi AcArya vajrasUri AcArya yazobhadra AcArya kanakanandi prabuddhAcArya AcArya jinasena (prathama) AcArya guNabhadra AcArya vAdIbhasiMha mahAvIrAcArya AcArya vRhat anantavIrya AcArya mANikyanandi AcArya prabhAcandra AcArya laghu anantavIrya AcArya vIranandi AcArya mahAsena AcArya hariSeNa AcArya somadevasUri AcArya vAdirAja AcArya padmanandi prathama AcArya padmanandi dvitIya AcArya jayasena prathama AcArya jayasena dvitIya AcArya padmaprabhamaladhArideva AcArya zubhacandra AcArya anantakIrti AcArya malliSeNa AcArya indranandi prathama AcArya jinacandrAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00v

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krama-saMkhyA pRSTha-saMkhyA viSaya AcArya zrIdharAcArya AcArya durgadeva AcArya padmakIrti AcArya indranandi dvitIya AcArya vasunandi prathama AcArya rAmasenAcArya AcArya gaNadharakIrti AcArya bhaTTavosari AcArya ugrAditya AcArya nayasena AcArya vIranandi siddhAntacakravartI zrutamuni AcArya hastimalla AcArya mAghanandi AcArya vajranandi AcArya mahAsena dvitIya AcArya sumatideva AcArya padmasiMha muni AcArya mAdhavacandra vidya AcArya nayanandi paramparApoSakAcArya AcAryatulya kavi aura lekhaka AcArya pArzvadeva AcArya bhAskaranandi AcArya brahmadeva AcArya ravicandra AcArya abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI saMskRta-bhASA ke kavi aura lekhaka kavi parameSThI yA paramezvara mahAkavi dhanaJjaya mahAkavi asaga mahAkavi haricandra kavi cAmuNDarAya mahAkavi AzAdhara mahAkavi arhaddAsa kavi nAgadeva kavi rAmacandra mumukSu kavi rAjamalla abhinava cArukIrti paMDitAcArya apabhraMza-bhASA ke kavi evaM lekhaka kavi caturmukha mahAkavi svayaMbhUdeva mahAkavi puSpadanta kavi dhanapAla dhavala kavi 00 vi bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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krama saMkhyA 6. 7. kavi hariSeNa vIra kavi kavi zrIdhara prathama kavi devasena kavi muni kanakAmara mahAkavi siMha kavi lAkhU kavi yaza: kIrti prathama kavi devacanda viSaya mahAkavi raidhU kavi haricanda yA jayamitrahala kavi harideva kavi tAraNasvAmI hindI kavi aura lekhaka mahAkavi banArasIdAsa kavi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa kavi dyAnatarAya kavi paMDita daulatarAma kAsalIvAla kavi AcAryakalpa paM. ToDaramala kavi daulatarAma dvitIya kavi paNDita jayacanda chAbar3A kavi dIpacandazAha kavi sadAsukha kAsalIvAla kavi paNDita bhAgacanda kavi budhajana kavi vRndAvanadAsa khaNDa - tRtIya : bhaTTAraka- paramparA evaM usakA yogadAna bhaTTAraka-yuga bhaTTArakoM dvArA dharmotthAna ke kArya bhaTTArakagaNa dillI, jayapura zAkhA kAlapaTa bhaTTAraka - paramparA ke kSINa hone ke kAraNa dakSiNa-bhArata meM bhaTTAraka- gAdiyA~ khaNDa - caturtha : samasAmayika sandarbhoM meM mahAvIra - paramparA digambara jainoM kA sAmAjika va sAMskRtika jIvana digambara jaina - jAtiyA~ khaNDelavAla agravAla paravAra bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha pRSTha saMkhyA 85 85 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 87 87 87 87 87 88 88 88 ********* 88 89 89 90 90 90 90 91 94-114 95 97 100 101 110 115-168 115 116 119 121 122 OO vii

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pRSTha-saMkhyA krama-saMkhyA viSaya jaisavAla pallIvAla narasiMhapurA osavAla lamecU huMbaDa yA hUmaDa golApUrva golAlAre golasiMghAre (golazrRMgAra) padmAvatI-poravAla 125 125 126 127 127 128 129 129 129 130 130 cittaur3A nAgadA baraiyA kharauA-miThauA rAyakavAla mevAr3A caranAgare kaThanerA zrImAla bIsavIM zatAbdI nirgrandha-sAdhuoM kI zatAbdI AdisAgara aMkalIkara AdisAgara bhosekara AdisAgara bhoja AcArya pAyasAgara jI mahArAja AcArya zrIsanmatisAgara jI AcAryazrI kuMthusAgara jI AcArya vidyAnanda jI AcArya vidyAsAgara jI gaNadharAcArya kuMthusAgara jI AcArya vardhamAna sAgara jI upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja niSkarSa 19-20vIM zatAbdI meM digambara-jaina-samAja kI sthiti kA avalokana khaNDa-paMcama : vizvabhara meM jainadharma kA itivRtta . evaM vartamAna-sthiti videzoM meM jainadharma evaM samAja tibbata aura jainadharma 130 131 131 131 131 132 132 132 134 134 135 135 143 143 144 146 146 147 147 148 148 149 |169-185 169 _170 00 viii bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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174 krama-saMkhyA viSaya pRSTha-saMkhyA jApAna aura jainadharma 170 brahmadeza (barmA) meM jainadharma 174 zrIlaMkA meM jainadharma 174 tibbata deza meM jainadharma aphagAnistAna meM jainadharma 174 hindeziyA, jAvA, malAyA, kamboDiyA Adi dezoM meM jainadharma 175 nepAla deza meM jainadharma 175 bhUTAna deza meM jainadharma 175 pAkistAna ke paravartI-kSetroM meM jainadharma 176 takSazilA janapada meM jainadharma 176 siMhapura jaina mahAtIrtha 176 brAhmIdevI kA maMdira - eka jaina-mahAtIrtha 177 kazyapameru (kazmIra janapada) meM jainadharma 177 har3appA-parikSetra meM jainadharma 177 gAMdhAra aura puNDa janapada meM jainadharma 177 bAMglAdeza evaM paravartI kSetroM meM jainadharma 177 videzoM jaina-sAhitya aura kalA-sAmagrI 178 videzoM meM sthita jaina samparka-kendra 179 jApAna meM jaina-kendra jarmanI meM jaina-kendra 179 iMglaiNDa meM jaina-kendra 179 kanADA meM jaina-kendra 180 kanADA meM jaina-pustakAlaya 180 kanADA meM jaina-maMdira 181 amarIkA meM jaina-kendra 181 amarIkA meM jaina-vivAha sUcanA kendra 184 amarIkA meM jaina-pustakAlaya 184 amarIkA meM jainadharma kI pustakoM ke prakAzaka amarIkA meM jaina-chAtravRttiyA~ 184 haoNrvarDa vi.vi. meM jainadharma ke adhyayana kA prabandha amarIkA meM jaina-maMdira amarIkA meM jaina vIDiyo-philma nirmAtA 185 khaNDa-SaSTha : sandarbha-grantha evaM patra-patrikAoM kI | 186-191 vivaraNikA hindI-grantha 187 patra-patrikAyeM lekha 191 179 184 184 184 191 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 ix

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prakAzakIya vartamAna yuga meM vaijJAnika- saMsAdhanoM ne mudraNa ke kSetra meM abhUtapUrva - krAnti kA sRjana kiyA hai| isI kAraNa se Aja prakAzanoM kI bAr3ha sI A gaI hai| yadyapi viSaya kI dRSTi se to pAThya sAmagrI meM vividhatA evaM tulanAtmaka aMtara prArambhakAla se hI the; kintu Aja vyAvasAyikatA kI sImita dRSTi ne viSayagata garimA ko aura adhika saMkucita kara diyA hai| bhale hI saMcAra takanIkI ke kSetra meM AI abhUtapUrva - krAnti ne kSetra kI dUriyoM ko prAyaH samApta kara diyA ho; kintu viSayagata guNavattA ke bAre meM stara prAyaH ghaTA hI hai| aisI paristhitiyoM meM naitika mUlyoM evaM sAMskRtika - dArzanika-tattvoM kA tathyaparaka lokopayogI prastutIkaraNa karanevAle sAhitya kI upalabdhatA rASTrIya, sAmAjika evaM vaiyaktika-hitoM kI dRSTi se atyanta Avazyaka ho gaI hai| inhIM lakSyoM kI pUrti ke liye 'oma koThArI phAuNDezana' ke antargata 'triloka uccastarIya adhyayana evaM anusaMdhAna saMsthAna' kI sthApanA kI gii| isa saMsthAna ke anekoM lokahitakArI uddezya haiM, jinameM uparyukta stara ke zodhaparaka prAmANika sAhitya kA prakAzana bhI eka pramukha uddezya hai| isa uddezya kI pUrti ke liye isa saMsthAna ne apanI sthApanA ke prathama varSa meM hI eka vizva kIrtimAna-nirmAtA vidvAn kI zrama - sAdhanA se nirmita mahanIya kRti ko prakAzita karane kA nirNaya liyaa| jaina darzana, jaina- itihAsa evaM jaina- - samAjazAstra ke kSetra meM ullekhanIya sAmagrI kA tathya - AdhArita prastutIkaraNa karane vAlI isa kRti para vizvavikhyAta jaina-saMta AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ne 'maMgala- AzIrvacana' likhakara isakI garimA ko kaI gunA bar3hA diyA hai, ataH maiM pUjya AcAryazrI ke caraNoM meM savinaya 'namo'stu' arpita karatA huuN| vidvAn lekhaka AdaraNIya bAbUjI DaoN. triloka canda jI koThArI ke gahana tapasyA se yaha kRti nirmita hai, ataH unake prati maiM sAdara vaMdana karatA huuN| alpavayaH meM hI vidvattA evaM vaijJAnika-saMpAdana ke pratimAna banAnevAle manISI DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne prabhUta zramapUrvaka isakA vaijJAnika-saMpAdana kiyA hai, ata: unake prati bhI maiM hRdaya se AbhArI huuN| koThArI samUha ke samarpita kAryakarttA zrI anila jaina ne isakI vyavasthA ke liye bharapUra zrama kiyA, ataH unakA bhI dhanyavAda karatA huuN| nirdoSa TaMkaNa - vyavasthA evaM nayanAbhirAma mudraNa ke liye saMbaddha saMsthAnoM kA bhI maiM dhanyavAda vyakta karatA huuN| AzA hai vidvAnoM evaM samAja ke jijJAsujanoM ke liye yaha kRti upayogI siddha hogI / 00 x - sI. pI. koThArI mainejiMga TrasTI, oma koThArI phAuNDezana bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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maMgala-AzAvacana " AtmAnaM snApayennityaM jJAnavAriNA cAruNA / yena nirmalatAM yAti jano jnmaantressvpi|" artha :- apanI AtmA ko nityaprati manohArI jJAnarUpI jala se snAna karAte rahanA caahiye| isake prabhAva se vyakti janmAntaroM taka nirmalatA ko prApta karatA rahatA hai, arthAt nirmala banA rahatA hai| saMsAra meM prANI anAdikAla meM karmamala meM malina huA cAra gati caurAsI lAkha yoniyoM meM paribhramaNa kara rahA hai| moha ke prabhAva se use apane hita kA mArga dikhAyI nahIM detA hai| saMsAra kI sthiti bar3I vicitra hai| aneka prakAra ke saMyoga-viyoga calate rahate haiN| iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa - saMyoga hone para jIva aneka prakAra ke saMkleza- yukta pariNAma karake duHkhI hotA hai| aise virale hI jIva hote haiM, jo iSTa-viyoga aura aniSTa-saMyoga hone para bhI apane jJAna aura viveka ko jAgRta rakhate huye vicalita nahIM hote haiM, aura tattvasvarUpa vicArakara dhairya dhAraNa karate huye apanA ihaloka aura paraloka saphala banAte haiN| viparIta paristhiti meM bhI dhairya dhAraNa karane vAle manuSyoM ko vidvAn loga 'mahAtmA' kahate haiM--" aho hi dhairyaM mhaatmnaam|" isI dhairya aura viveka ke bala para ve saMyoga-viyoga - janya saMkleza ko jItakara manuSyabhava ko sArthaka banAte haiN| vAstava meM jJAna hI eka aisA amRta-tattva hai, jo vyakti ko sampUrNa saMklezoM se dUra kara unnati ke mArga para samarpita karatA hai / dharmAnurAgI zrI trilokacanda jI koThArI ne apane do yuvA-putroM kA viyoga saha kara bhI atyanta dhairya aura vivekapUrvaka apane Apako isa vRddhAvasthA meM yuvakocita utsAha ke sAtha jJAnArAdhanA ke patha para samarpita kiyA, aura koTA vizvavidyAlaya se jainadarzana meM pI-eca.DI. kI zodha - upAdhi arjita kara aneka logoM ke lie eka anukaraNIya Adarza upasthita kiyaa| aba unakA yaha zodha kArya pustakAkAra rUpa meM kramazaH prakAzita hone jA rahA hai, isa nimitta merA bahuta - bahuta maMgala - AzIrvAda hai| zrutapaMcamI parva, 27 maI 2001 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha - AcArya vidyAnanda muni 00 xi

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sampAdakIya samAdaraNIya DaoN. triloka canda jI koThArI kA zodhaparaka kArya vartamAna paristhitiyoM meM atyanta samasAmayika evaM yuga kI mA~ga ke anurUpa thaa| tathA unhoMne vRddhAvasthA meM bhI apAra zrama karake adhyayana aura jIvana ke anubhavoM kA sAmaMjasya banAte huye atyanta vyApaka sAmagrI ekatrita kI thii| vartamAna yuga kI vaijJAnika-saMpAdana-vidhi ke anurUpa usako yadi eka saMskaraNa meM prakAzita kiyA jAtA, to usakA AkAra atyanta vizAla ho jAtA, tathA vaha vyAvahArika rUpa se utanA upayogI nahIM rhtaa| isIliye unake isa mahanIya kArya ke samAna-viSayoM kA vargIkaraNa karake unheM alaga-alaga kRtiyoM ke rUpa meM prakAzita karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| isa zrRMkhalA meM yaha prathama saMskaraNa prakAzita hone jA rahA hai| isameM vastutaH jainadharma aura usakI paramparA ke prAcInakAla se aba taka ke mahattvapUrNa viSayoM kA saMkSipta kiMtu prAmANika rUpa se prastutIkaraNa huA hai| phira bhI, vartamAna yuga meM jo jainadharma, saMskRti evaM samAja ke saMsthAgata svarUpa haiM, jinameM vibhinna munisaMghoM aura unake adyAvadhi-paryanta ke munivaroM kA paricaya evaM yogadAna, vartamAna vidvAnoM kA paricaya evaM yogadAna, jaina-sAmAjika-saMsthAoM kA paricaya evaM avadAna, jaina-prakAzana saMsthAoM kA paricayAtmaka mUlyAMkana, tathA jainadarzana evaM sAhitya kI vividha vidhAoM ke bAre meM zodhaparaka prAmANika-lekhana, anusaMdhAna, maulika-sRjana Adi kI dRSTi se jo ullekhanIya kArya huye haiM aura ho rahe haiM, una sabhI kA paricaya dene vAlI pustaka AgAmI saMskaraNa ke rUpa meM prakAzita kI jaayegii| isa saMskaraNa meM jitane ina uparyukta saMdarbho meM ullekha Aye haiM, ve saMketa-mAtra haiN| ataH unake bAre meM ise paripUrNa nahIM mAnanA caahiye| prAsaMgikatA ke kAraNa unakA saMkSipta ullekha huA hai, tathA jijJAsu pAThaka-varga se ina viSayoM meM AgAmI saMskaraNa kI pratIkSA ke anurodha ke sAtha isa saMskaraNa ko yahA~ sImita kiyA jA rahA hai| viSaya ke ati-vistAra ko zabdoM kI sImA meM bA~dhanA atyanta kaThina kArya hai, aura use yahA~ mUrtarUpa pradAna karane kA yathAsaMbhava prayatna kiyA gayA hai| maiM vidvAn lekhaka ko unake isa bhagIratha-prayatna ke liye hArdika badhAI aura sAdhuvAda detA hU~, tathA prakAzana-saMsthAna ke dvArA isake garimApUrNa prakAzana kI jo vyavasthA kI gaI hai, tadartha unakI bhI hArdika anuzaMsA karatA huuN| --DaoN. sudIpa jaina 00xiil bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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prastAvanA vizva ke jitane bhI dharma aura darzana pracalita haiM, unameM jainadharma-darzana kA cirakAla se ati-pratiSThita aura mahattvapUrNa sthAna rahA hai| lagabhaga sampUrNa vizva ke pratyeka dharmadarzana para aura mahApuruSoM ke jIvana para isakA ullekhanIya prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| aitihAsika dRSTi se bhI dekheM to bauddhadharma-darzana ke pravartaka mahAtmA gautama buddha aura IsAI dharma ke pravartaka mahAtmA IsA masIha ke jIvana para bhI jainadharma-darzana kA vyApaka prabhAva dekhane ko milatA hai| mUla bauddha-graMthoM ke AdhAra para yaha pramANita hotA hai ki mahAtmA gautama buddha ne ghara chor3ane ke bAda sarvaprathama tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI paramparA ke nirgrantha-zramaNa 'pihitAsrava' se nirgrantha jaina-zramaNa ke rUpa meM dIkSA aMgIkAra kI thI, aura ve lagabhaga tIna varSoM taka isa rUpa meM sAdhanA karate rhe| bAda meM jaba jaina-zramaNa kI kaThina sAdhanA unase nahIM nibha sakI, to unhoMne jaina-sAdhanA-paddhati meM varNita gRhastha aura sAdhu ke madhya kA mArga apnaayaa| isIliye unheM madhyamArgI bhI kahA jAtA hai| jaina-paramparA meM isa madhyamArgI sthiti ko 'kSullaka' kahA jAtA hai| yadyapi bAda meM mahAtmA buddha ne apanA svataMtra dharma-darzana pracArita kiyA, phira bhI unakI vezabhUSA kSullaka jaisI hI banI rahI, aura jainadharma ke ahiMsA Adi siddhAMtoM kA una para gahana prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| isIprakAra mahAtmA IsA masIha ke bAre meM kucha aitihAsika pramANa milate haiM ki nirgrantha-jaina-zramaNoM se jainadharma-darzana ke mahattvapUrNa vicAroM tathA sAdhanA-paddhati ke bAre meM jAnane ve bhArata Aye the, aura vartamAna ke baMgalAdeza meM aura tatkAlIna bhArata meM sthita eka sthAna para ve gaye aura vahA~ jAkara unhoMne nirgrantha- jaina-zramaNoM se bahuta-sI jijJAsAyeM zAMta kii| ve mUlataH karma aura punarjanma siddhAMta ko nahIM mAnate the, kintu bAda meM unhoMne ina donoM siddhAMtoM ko nirgrantha-jaina-zramaNoM ke samparka meM Akara hI svIkAra kiyaa| anekoM vidvAn isa tathya kI anekatra puSTi kara cuke haiN| isI krama meM hama yadi anya bhAratIya-darzanoM ko dekhate haiM, to inameM to ahiMsA kA mUla-prasAra dRSTigocara hotA hai, tathA tyAga kI udAtta bhAvanA parilakSita hotI hai; to vaha pUrNataH jainadharma-darzana se bahuta sImA taka anuprANita hai| kyoMki jainadharmadarzana prArambha se hI ahiMsA-mUlaka aura nivRtti-mArgI rahe haiN| bhArata ke prathama pradhAnamaMtrI paMDita javAharalAla neharU ne to apanI aitihAsika pustaka 'DiskavarI oNpha iNDiyA' meM spaSTarUpa se likhA hai ki 'jaina bhAratavarSa ke mUla-nivAsI the|' isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma-darzana bhAratavarSa meM cirakAla se pracalita aura pratiSThita hai| hindU-paramparA ke vaidika-graMthoM aura purANa-graMthoM meM jainoM ke prAyaH sabhI tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha milatA hai, tathA unheM aura unakI paramparA ke zramaNoM-zrAvakoM ko 'vrAtya' saMjJA se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| bauddha-graMthoM meM bhI jainoM ke bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00xii

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caubIsoM tIrthaMkaroM kA ullekha milatA hai, aura unheM nirgrantha kahA gayA hai| vartamAnayuga meM jainadharma-darzana kA prathama pravartana Adi-tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke dvArA huA, jinake jyeSTha putra cakravartI bharata ke nAma para isa deza kA nAma bhAratavarSa pdd'aa| isI paramparA meM ajitanAtha, saMbhavanAtha, abhinaMdananAtha, sumatinAtha, padmaprabha, supArzvanAtha, candraprabha, puSpadaMtanAtha, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjyanAtha, vimalanAtha, anaMtanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAMtinAtha, kuMthunAtha, aranAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvratanAtha, naminAtha, neminAtha, pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra svAmI - ye teIsa tIrthaMkara aura huye| ina caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA nirantara jainadharma-darzana kI prabhAvanA hotI rahI, aura apane vyAvahArika, jIvanopayogI siddhAMtoM ke bala para jainadharma-darzana nirantara pracAra-prasAra meM banA rhaa| ina sabhI tIrthaMkaroM aura unake anuyAyiyoM ne lokajIvana meM apane AcaraNa aura vicAroM dvArA eka aisI adbhuta krAnti utpanna kI, jisake pariNAmasvarUpa sAmAnyajana se lekara bar3e-bar3e samrATa bhI isake anugAmI bane, aura isakI prabhAvanA meM unhoMne apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna kiyaa| aitihAsika samrAT candragupta maurya aura samrAT khAravela ke bAre meM to zilAlekhIya pramANa milate haiM ki ye jaina-samrAT the aura inhoMne niSpakSa-bhAva se jainadharma-darzana kI prabhAvanA ke liye abhUtapUrva yogadAna kiyaa| __inake sAtha hI sampUrNa jainAcArya-paramparA ne bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA prastuta evaM gautama gaNadhara ke dvArA vargIkRta 'dvAdazAMgIzruta' ke smRta aMza ko lipibaddha karake tathA usako puSTa karane vAle maulika-sAhitya kA vipula parimANa meM sRjana karake atulanIya yogadAna kiyA hai| isI krama meM vidvAnoM ke dvArA kiyA gayA sAhityikaavadAna bhI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| inhIM ke prabhAva se jainadharma vibhinna kAlakhaNDoM meM, vibhinna kSetroM meM prasarita hotA huA vizva-bhara meM vyApta huaa| ina sabhI ke kAraNa hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA aura unake dvArA pradatta tattvajJAna yathAyogya rUpa meM adyAvadhi-paryanta avicchinna hai| yadyapi ina viSayoM ko prastuta karanevAlA sAhitya likhA gayA hai, kintu sImita parimANa meM upayogI sUcanAoM kA saMgraha karane vAlI yaha prAmANika kRti una sabhI pustakoM kI AdhAra-sAmagrI se puSTa hote huye bhI apane-Apa meM maulika, viziSTa evaM vyApaka-upayogI hai| tathA isa mahanIya kArya ko mUrtarUpa dene ke liye vidvAn-lekhaka abhinandana ke yogya haiN| -DaoN. sudIpa jaina 00xiv bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha -

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- khaNDa-eka jainadharma kI pRSThabhUmi aura bhagavAn mahAvIra bhAratavarSa meM nirgrantha jaina-paramparA kI pRSThabhUmi atyanta prAcIna aura pratiSThita rahI hai| sAtha hI isakI yaha bhI vizeSatA hai ki jahA~ anya kaI darzana aura vicAradhArAyeM udita hokara apanI nirantaratA nahIM banA sakIM, vahIM jainadharma kI paramparA anavarata pravahamAna rahI hai| vartamAna yuga meM karor3oM varSa pUrva huye tIrthaMkara AdibrahmA RSabhadeva se lekara Aja se 2600 varSa pUrva huye caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra taka yaha paramparA akSuNNa rahI, tathA vartamAnakAla meM yaha dharma bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA ke rUpa meM nirantara gatizIla hokara apanI maulika-pahacAna banAye huye hai| isa sudIrgha kAla meM aneka prakAra ke bhaugolika, rAjanItika, sAMskRtika evaM sAmAjika parivartanoM ke madhya isakI maulikatA aura paramparA-mUlakatA nirantara banI rahI hai| vartamAna yuga meM isakI kyA sthiti hai, aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA yahA~ taka kaise pahu~cI? - isakA saMkSipta lekhA-jokhA yahA~ prastuta karane kA naiSThika prayatna kiyA jA rahA hai| samasAmayikatA kI dRSTi pradhAna hone ke kAraNa yahA~ vartamAna saMdarbho se bAta prArambha hogii| bIsavIM sadI ke antargata digambara jaina samAja ke vaicArika va sAmAjika darzana ke adhyayana ke liye yaha Avazyaka hai ki isa kAla ke jaina samAja ke svarUpa kI vizleSaNAtmaka prastuti kI jaaye| bhAratIya itihAsa kI paramparA meM jaina va bauddhadharma chaThI zatAbdI IsA pUrva astitva meM aaye| kintu jainadharma para AdhArita zodhakAryoM se hI yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki jainadharma pUrNataH prAgaitihAsika dharma hai| paM. javAharalAla jI neharU ne apanI pustaka 'DiskavarI oNpha iNDiyA' meM spaSTa rUpa se ghoSita kiyA hai ki "jaina isa deza ke mUla-nivAsI haiM" - isase spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainadharma aura saMskRti bhArata meM prAcInatama hai| _ "eka samaya thA jaba jainadharma ko bauddhadharma kI zAkhA samajha liyA gayA thA, kintu aba vaha bhrAnti dUra ho cukI hai aura naI khojoM ke phalasvarUpa yaha pramANita ho cukA hai ki jainadharma bauddhadharma se na kevala eka pRthak aura svataMtra dharma hai, kintu usase bahuta prAcIna bhI hai| aba antima tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ko jainadharma kA saMsthApaka nahIM mAnA jAtA aura unase ar3hAI sau varSa pahale hone vAle bhagavAn bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 101

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pArzvanAtha ko eka aitihAsika mahApuruSa svIkAra kara liyA hai|" vartamAna yuga meM jainadharma va jainasamAja ko bhAratIya saMskRti meM pramukha sthAna prApta hai| sanAtanI va vaidika paramparAoM se bhinna hone ke uparAnta bhI jainadharma va samAja kA inake sAtha koI ullekhanIya antarvirodha vyApta nahIM hai| prAcInakAla se hI jainadharma ko vibhinna nAmoM se jAnA jAtA rahA hai| inameM ise mukhya taura para zramaNadharma, zrAvakadharma, nirgranthadharma, jainadharma ityAdi nAmoM se jAnA jAtA rahA hai| samAja va saMskRti ke rUpa meM 'jainadharma' - isa nAmakaraNa ko sabase antima mAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma kI paramparAnusAra yaha bhArata kI sabase prAcIna saMskRti hai| isake udbhava evaM vikAsa kI kahAnI utanI hI purAnI hai, jitanI yaha sRsstti| jaina vidvAn to yahA~ taka mAnate haiM ki jainadharma ke udbhavakAla ko sImA meM nahIM bAMdhA jA sakatA, kyoMki usakA udaya va vikAsa vaidikakAla se bhI pUrvavartI hai| aneka purAtAttvika avazeSa bhI isa avadhAraNA kI puSTi karate haiN| aba yaha sthApita ho cukA hai ki jainadharma ke pravartaka mahAvIra svAmI caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara the, arthAt inake pUrva 23 tIrthaMkara paidA hue, jinhoMne jainadharma ko Age nirantaratA pradAna kii| jaina 'jit' dhAtu se banA hai, jisakA artha hai 'jItanA', arthAt jinhoMne apanI indriyoM para vijaya prApta kara sAMsArikatA para vijaya prApta kara lI hai, unheM 'jina' arthAt 'vijetA' kahA gayA tathA inake anuyAyiyoM ko 'jaina' kahA jAne lgaa| jaisAki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki jainadharma athavA jainasaMskRti vaidikakAla se hI astitva meM thI, kintu isakI lokapriyatA atyadhika sImita thii| vaidika paramparA se bhinna isa paramparA ko vibhinna nAmoM se jAnA jAtA rahA thaa| vaidikadharma meM vyApta sAmAjika burAIyoM ke virodha meM jainadharma ko lokapriyatA prApta huii| vaidikadharma meM zUdroM va mahilAoM ko ucita sthAna prApta nahIM thA, jabaki jainadharma meM prANImAtra ko samAna mahattva aura sthAna pradAna kiyA gayA hai| isakA spaSTa udAharaNa yaha hai ki pratyeka varga ke logoM va mahilAoM ko bhI sAdhu-saMgha meM sthAna diyA gayA hai| eka jaina vidvAn ne isa sthiti ko spaSTa karate hue likhA hai ki "vaidika paramparA janma-AdhArita varNa-vyavasthA ko mAnatI thii| brAhmaNoM ko sarvazreSTha, kSatriyoM ko zreSTha va vaizya madhyama tathA zUdroM ko ina donoM se nIcA sthAna detI thii| brahmAjI ke mu~ha se brAhmaNa, bhujAoM se kSatriya jAMghoM se vaizya va pairoM se zUdra paidA hue haiM - aisA pratipAdita kiyA jAtA thaa| jainAcAryoM ne varNa-vyavasthA ko karma-AdhArita mAnA aura sabakI samAnatA va dharma-mArga para Age bar3hane hetu samAna vyavahAra va adhikAra kI bAta khii|"3 isaprakAra jainadharma sabhI vargoM meM adhika lokapriya huaa| isI kAraNa jainadharma meM bhAratIya samAja ke paramparAgata cAroM varNoM ne praveza kiyaa| jainadharma kI paramparA meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI avadhAraNA ne isakI prAcInatA 002 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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ko satyApita kiyA hai| ina tIrthaMkaroM ke bAre meM jaina dharmAnuyAyiyoM kI spaSTa mAnyatA hai ki unhoMne deza evaM samAja ko asatya ke yuga se satya ke yuga meM praveza dilAyA tathA pApI se nahIM, apitu pApa se ghRNA karane kA mantra sikhlaayaa| ina sabhI ne samAnarUpa se deza evaM samAja ko adhyAtma kI ora le jAne meM saphalatA prApta kI tathA pUre samAja ko dharmamaya banAne kA punIta kArya kiyaa| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva bhagavAn RSabhadeva ko jainadharma va saMskRti kA pravartaka mAnA jAtA hai, yataH jaina-paramparAnusAra ve prathama tIrthaMkara the| inake bAre meM puSTa aitihAsika tathyoM kA bhale hI abhAva hai, kintu bhAratIya saMskRti ke purANoM ko evaM vaidika vAGmaya se inake jIvana, vyaktitva evaM avadAna kI mahanIyatA puSTa hotI hai| aneka samakAlIna srotoM se patA calatA hai ki RSabhadeva kA janma ayodhyA meM huA thaa| mahArAjA 'nAbhirAya' unake pitA the aura mAtA kA nAma 'marudevI' thaa| RSabhadeva ko janmajAta divya-puruSa mAnA jAtA hai| jainadharma ke pramukha-grantha 'AdipurANa' meM likhA hai ki "jisa samaya ye garbha meM the, usa samaya devatAoM ne svarNa kI vRSTi kI isalie inheM 'hiraNyagarbha' bhI kahate haiM"4 inake samaya meM prajA ke sAmane jIvana kI samasyA vikaTa ho gaI thI, kyoMki jina kalpavRkSoM se loga apanA jIvana-nirvAha karate Aye the, ve lupta ho cuke the aura jo naI vanaspatiyA~ pRthvI para ugI thIM, ve unakA upayoga karanA nahIM jAnate the| taba inhoMne unheM uge hue ikSu-daNDoM se rasa nikAlakara kSudhA zAnta karanA sikhlaayaa| isalie inakA vaMza 'ikSvAkuvaMza' ke nAma se prasiddha huA aura ye usake 'AdipuruSa' khlaaye| inhoMne prajA ko kRSi, asi, masi, zilpa, vANijya aura vidyA - ina SaTkarmoM se AjIvikA karanA batalAyA; isalie inheM 'prajApati' bhI kahA jAtA hai| sAmAjika vyavasthA ko calAne ke lie inhoMne tIna vargoM kI sthApanA kii| jinako rakSA kA bhAra diyA, ve 'kSatriya' kahalAye; jinheM khetI, vyApAra, gopAlana Adi ke kArya meM niyukta kiyA gayA, ve 'vaizya' kahalAye; aura jo sevA-nivRtti karane ke yogya samajhe gaye, unheM 'zUdra' nAma diyA gyaa| isaprakAra jaina-vidvAn evaM dharmAnuyAyI RSabhadeva ko pahalA vyakti mAnate haiM, jinhoMne dharma ke sAtha-sAtha sAmAjika vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kiyaa| inake yuga ko 'vijJAna kA prathama-parIkSaNakAla' bhI kahA jAtA hai| RSabhadeva ko mahArAja nAbhi ke putra hone ke kAraNa zAsana karane kA svayameva adhikAra mila gayA aura ve apane pitA ke sAnnidhya meM prajA kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karane lge| isalie inako usI samaya se 'prajApati' ke rUpa meM bhI jAnA jAtA hai| unhoMne svayaM chaH vidyAoM kA parIkSaNa va prayoga apane jIvana meM kiyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 003

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ina vidyAoM kI satyatA jAnane ke pazcAt prajAjanoM ko inake upayoga kI vaijJAnika vidhi btlaaii| eka Adhunika jaina vidvAn ne inheM 'mAnava saMskRti kA prathama sUtradhAra' mAnate haiN| inake anusAra "tIrthaMkara RSabha mAnava- - saMskRti ke prathama sUtradhAra the| unhoMne ahiMsaka - sa 5- samAja - vyavasthA kA sUtrapAta kiyA aura asi, masi, kRSi, vidyA, vANijya aura zilpa ina chaH kriyAoM ke mAdhyama se jIvana-yApana kI zikSA dekara deza ko vaijJAnika yuga meM praveza dilaayaa| ve aise yuga meM paidA hue, jaba deza saMkrAnti - kAla se gujara rahA thA / vanya-jIvana, choTe-choTe kabIloM ke jIvana evaM kalpavRkSoM para AdhArita jIvana ko naI dizA kI ora mor3A tathA sabako grAmINa - jIvana evaM nAgarika jIvana jInA sikhaayaa| samAja ko eka sUtra meM bAMdhane evaM sabameM apane-apane kAryoM ke prati niSThA jAgRta karane ke lie samAja ko kSatriya, vaizya evaM zUdra vargoM meM karmAnusAra vibhAjita kiyA aura apane jIvana meM hI usake acche pariNAma dekhe / ' 116 ---- RSabhadeva ko 'ikSvAkuvaMza' kA mAnA gayA hai, jisameM kAlAntara meM zrIrAma kA janma huA thaa| inakI do patniyAM thiiN| eka kA nAma 'sunandA' va dUsarI kA 'nandA' thaa| inase inake 101 putra aura 2 putriyAM paidA huiiN| unake bar3e putra kA nAma 'bharata' thaa| yahI bharata isa yuga meM bhAratavarSa ke 'prathama cakravartI' rAjA hue|' eka jainavidyA ke jJAtA isa sandarbha meM likhate haiM ki inhIM bharata ke nAma para 'bhArata deza' kA nAmakaraNa huA hai| isake anusAra "RSabhadeva ke jyeSTha putra bharata the / ve prathama samrAT the| unhoMne isa deza kA nAma 'bhArata' rakhA aura vaha bhAratavarSa kahalAne lgaa| jisa duSyaMta ke putra bharata ke nAma se bhArata kA nAma mAnA jAtA hai, vaha to cakravartI bharata ke bahuta bAda meM hue the| cakravartI bharata ne hI deza ko rAjanItika svarUpa pradAna kiyaa| jaina - bhUgola ke anusAra uttara se dakSiNa aura pUrva se pazcima taka sArA deza 'bharata kSetra' kahalAtA hai| yahA~ gaMgA evaM sindhu nadI bahatI hai aura deza kI bhUmi ko zasyazyAmalA banAtI hai| cakravartI bharata ke choTe bhAI bAhubali ne podanapura meM tapa sAdhanA kI aura kaivalya prApta kiyA thaa| isalie uttara se dakSiNa tathA pUrva se pazcima taka sArA deza 'bhAratavarSa' kahalAtA hai| "8 jaina-paramparA meM RSabhadeva ko 'maryAdA puruSottama' bhI mAnate haiN| isake anusAra unake AcaraNa ko Adarza mAnakara mAnava samAja meM prathama bAra maryAdAyeM sthApita huiiN| unhoMne Adarza prajApAlaka zAsaka, Adarza pati evaM pitA ke rUpa meM to apane AcaraNa se Ama janatA ko prabhAvita kiyA hI, sAtha hI unhoMne eka sAdhu va dharmopadezaka ke rUpa meM mAnava ke kalyANa kA mArga prazasta kiyaa| mAnava samAja ko apane ApasI sahayoga evaM sauhArda kI bhAvanA ke sAtha sucArurUpa se calAne ke lie RSabhadeva ne apanI apratima pratibhA va sUjhabUjha ke AdhAra para Avazyaka niyama - upaniyama banA die / 00 4 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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samAja ke variSThajanoM va agrajanoM ne niyamoM va maryAdAoM kA pAlana karavAne ke liye nAbhi-rAjA se apane putra RSabhadeva ko 'prathama zAsaka' banAne kA anurodha kiyA, jise unhoMne svIkAra kara liyA aura RSabhadeva sabhI prajAjanoM kI Ama sahamati se tatkAlIna samAja ke prathama rAjA ke rUpa meM abhiSikta kiye gye| ___ isake pazcAt jaina-purANoM va anuzrutiyoM ke anusAra sattA ke sabhI Ananda lete hue va prajA kA santAna kI taraha pAlana karate hue zAsana karate rhe| phira eka dina 'nIlAJjanA' nAmaka nRtyAMganA ko nRtya karate acAnaka kAla-kavalita hote dekha, unheM vairAgya ho gayA tathA ve sabakucha tyAgakara nirgrantha munidIkSA aMgIkAra karake dhyAnasAdhanA meM lIna ho gye| isake pahale unhoMne apane bar3e putra bharata ko ayodhyA kA tathA zeSa 99 putroM ko anya alaga-alaga rAjyoM kA zAsaka banAyA thA, taba vana meM jAkara unhoMne jina-dIkSA aMgIkAra kara lii|' jaina-granthoM, janazrutiyoM va paramparA kA anuzIlana karate huye paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI ne saMkSepa meM RSabhadeva ke jIvanavRtta ko citrita karate hue likhA hai ki "eka dina bhagavAn RSabhadeva rAjasiMhAsana para virAjamAna the| rAjasabhA lagI huI thI aura 'nIlAJjanA' nAma kI apsarA nRtya kara rahI thii| acAnaka nRtya karate-karate nIlAJjanA kA zarIrapAta ho gyaa| isa Akasmika ghaTanA se bhagavAn kA citta virakta ho utthaa| turaMta saba putroM ko rAjyabhAra sauMpakara unhoMne pravrajyA le lI aura chaH mAha kI samAdhi lagAkara khar3e ho gye| unakI dekhA-dekhI aura bhI aneka rAjAoM ne dIkSA lii| kintu ve bhUkha-pyAsa ke kaSTa ko na saha sake aura mArgacyuta ho gye| cha: mAha ke bAda jaba bhagavAn kI samAdhi bhaMga huI, to ve AhAra ke liye nikle| unake prazAMta nagna-rUpa ko dekhakara prajA umar3a pdd'ii| koI unheM vastra bheMTa karatA thA, koI bhUSaNa bheMTa karatA thA, koI hAthI-ghor3e lekara unakI sevA meM upasthita hotA thA; kintu nirgrantha jaina-muni ko AhAra dene kI vidhi koI nahIM jAnatA thA, ataH unakA AhAra saMbhava nahIM ho skaa| isa taraha ghUmate-ghUmate chaH mAha aura bIta gye| isI taraha ghUmate-ghUmate eka dina RSabhadeva hastinApura meM jA phuNce| vahA~ kA rAjA zreyAMsa bar3A dAnI thaa| usane bhagavAn kA bar3A Adara-satkAra kiyaa| AdarapUrvaka bhagavAn ko pratigraha (par3agAhanA) karake uccAsana para baiThAyA, unake caraNa dhoye, pUjana kI aura phira namaskAra karake bolA - "bhagavAn! yaha ikSurasa, prAsuka hai, nirdoSa hai; ise Apa svIkAra kreN|" taba bhagavAn ne khar3e hokara apanI aMjali meM rasa lekara piyaa| usa samaya logoM ko jo Ananda huA, vaha varNanAtIta hai| munirAja RSabhadeva kA yaha AhAra vaisAkha zuklA tIja ke dina huA thaa| isI se yaha tithi 'akSaya tRtIyA' kahalAtI hai| AhAra karake munirAja RSabhadeva phira vana ko cale gaye aura AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho gye| eka bAra munirAja RSabhadeva 'puramatAla' nagara ke bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 005

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udyAna meM dhyAnastha the| usa samaya unheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii| isa taraha 'jina' pada prApta karake bhagavAn bar3e bhArI samudAya ke sAtha dharmopadeza dete hue vicaraNa karane lge| unakI vyAkhyAnasabhA 'samavasaraNa' kahalAtI thii| usakI sabase bar3I vizeSatA yaha thI ki usameM pazuoM taka ko dharmopadeza sunane ke liye sthAna milatA thA, aura siMha jaise bhayAnaka jantu zAnti ke sAtha baiThakara dharmopadeza sunate the| bhagavAn jo kucha kahate the, sabakI samajha meM A jAtA thaa| isa taraha jIvana-paryanta prANimAtra ko unake hita kA upadeza dekara bhagavAn RSabhadeva kailAza parvata se mukta hue| ve vartamAna 'avasarpiNI kAla' ke jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara the| hindU-purANoM meM bhI unakA varNana milatA hai| isa yuga meM unake dvArA hI jainadharma kA Arambha huaa|"10 uparokta vivaraNa se hama isa niSkarSa para pahu~cate haiM ki jaina-paramparA meM RSabhadeva ko eka 'divya-puruSa' evaM 'bhagavAn' mAnA gayA hai| isa paramparA meM inheM 'AdibrahmA' mAnA gayA hai| isI bhAratIya pariveza meM puSpita aura pallavita hone ke kAraNa jainadharma aura vaidikadharma meM samAnatA dikhAI detI hai| jisaprakAra hindUdharma meM AdipuruSa 'brahmA' ko sRSTi kA kartA mAnA gayA hai, usI prakAra jainadharma meM RSabhadeva ko 'Adi-brahmA' ke rUpa meM mAnA gayA hai| sanAtana hindU-saMskRti meM brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ko kramazaH sRSTi kA sRjanakartA, pAlaka va vinAzaka kA pratIka mAnA gayA hai| vizAla dRSTi se vicAra karane para jisaprakAra nitya-parivartanazIla vastu meM ekasAtha ye tInoM guNa pAye jAte haiM, usIprakAra bhagavAna RSabhadeva meM brahmA, viSNu aura maheza ke tInoM guNa ekasAtha milate haiN| jainAcArya jinasena ne RSabhadeva ko brahmA evaM ziva-svarUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| isa sambandha meM jinasena racita 'harivaMza-purANa' kA yaha zloka ullekhanIya hai-- "tvaM brahmA paramajyoti svatvaM prbhissnnu-raajorjaaH| tvamAdidevo devAnAm adhidevo mheshvrH||11 arthAt he RSabhadeva! Apa brahmA haiM, paramajyoti svarUpa haiM, samartha haiM, pAparahita haiM, prathama tIrthaMkara haiM, aura devoM ke bhI adhideva mahezvara (ziva) haiN| __vaidika-paramparA RSabhadeva ko viSNu kA rUpa bhI mAnatI hai|12 vaidika-saMskRti meM viSNu ke caubIsa avatAra mAne gaye haiN| ye rUpa jIvana ke uttarottara vikAsa ke adbhuta udAharaNa haiN| ina avatAroM meM pazu, pazu-nara, apUrNa-nara evaM pUrNa-nara kA sarvAMgINa vikAsa samAhita hai| 'bhAgavata-purANa' ke paMcama skaMdha evaM vedoM meM nAbhi-putra RSabhadeva ko viSNu kA avatAra mAnA hai| viSNupurANa, mArkaNDeyapurANa, prabhASapurANa, Rgveda, zivapurANa Adi meM bhI 'RSabhadeva ko jainadharma kA prathama tIrthaMkara' mAnA gayA hai| isaprakAra Adi-brahmA ke sAtha RSabhadeva sRSTi ke saMrakSaka bhI mAne gaye haiN| 006 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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jaina - paramparA meM RSabhadeva ko samAja meM varNa-vyavasthA kA saMsthApaka mAnA gayA hai| eka vidvAn ne likhA hai ki " bhagavAn RSabhadeva ne samAja ko tIna varNoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA, lekina unake putra cakravartI samrAT bharata ne isameM eka varNa aura jor3A aura cauthe brAhmaNa varNa kI sthApanA kii| samrAT bharata cAhate the ki 'jo aNuvratoM ke pAlana karane meM Age rahate haiM, zrAvakoM meM zreSTha haiM, aise vyaktiyoM ko dAna dene se puNya lAbha hotA hai, tathA guNoM kI vRddhi hotI hai|' isalie aise vyaktiyoM ko dAna dene ke lie cakravartI samrAT bharata ne unheM 'brAhmaNa' ke nAma se sambodhita kiyA aura eka naye varNa kI sthApanA kii| vratoM ke saMskAra se 'brAhmaNa', zastra dhAraNa karane se 'kSatriya', nyAyapUrvaka dhana kamAne se 'vaizya' tathA sevAvRtti kA Azraya lene se 'zUdra' kahalAye gye| lekina jaba RSabhadeva ko caturtha-varNa-sthApanA kA samAcAra svayaM cakravartI samrAT bharata ne nivedana kiyA, to unhoMne bharata ke ukta kadama kI sarAhanA nahIM kii| samrAT ne ekabAra jo ghoSaNA kara dI, usa ghoSaNA ko vApisa lene meM unakI akuzalatA kA bodha hotA / isa kAraNa unhoMne yahI kahA ki " jinakI sRSTi kI jA cukI hai, unheM naSTa karanA ThIka nhiiN| "14 RSabhadeva ke sandarbha meM upalabdha jAnakAriyoM se yaha to spaSTarUpa se kahA jA sakatA hai ki ve eka purANa- puruSa the| aneka sAkSyoM se yaha spaSTarUpa se sthApita ho cukA hai ki RSabhadeva prathama jaina tIrthaMkara the| ve hI isa yuga meM jainadharma ke saMsthApaka the| anya jaina tIrthaMkara jaina - - paramparA meM caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM ko 'dharma kA saMsthApaka' mAnA gayA hai| RSabhadeva ke pazcAt ajitanAtha, sambhavanAtha, abhinandana, sumatinAtha, padamaprabhu, supArzvanAtha, candraprabhu, puSpadanta, zItalanAtha, zreyAMsanAtha, vAsupUjya, vimalanAtha, anantanAtha, dharmanAtha, zAntinAtha, kunthunAtha, aranAtha, mallinAtha, munisuvratanAtha, naminAtha, neminAtha ( ariSTanemi), pArzvanAtha evaM mahAvIra svAmI huye / prathama 21 tIrthaMkara prAgaitihAsika kAla ke mAne jAte haiN| unheM paurANika mahApuruSa bhI mAnA jAtA hai| antima tIna tIrthaMkara pUrNata: aitihAsika mAne jAte haiN| prathama 21 tIrthaMkara ne RSabhadeva dvArA pratipAdita dharma ke svarUpa, usake pAlana karane kI vidhi, gRhasthadharma, munidharma, ahiMsA, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha jaise siddhAMtoM ko jIvana meM utArane va tadanusAra jIvana ko DhAlane kA upadeza diyaa| unhoMne jIvana ko nivRttiparaka banAne para jora diyA, tathA tyAgamaya jIvana kA nirvAha karane para bala diyaa| inake anusAra rAga, dveSa, moha, mamatA * ye saba jIvana ke vikAra haiM, jIvana kA vinAza karane vAle haiM, isaliye ve saba tyAjya haiN| 15 - tIrthaMkara neminAtha neminAtha 22veM jaina tIrthaMkara the| jaina - mAnyatAnusAra nemikumAra karmayogI kRSNa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 007

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ke cacere bhAI the, inheM 'ariSTanemi' bhI kahA jAtA hai| zaurIpura nareza 'andhakavRSTi' ke dasa putra huye| sabase bar3e putra kA nAma 'samudravijaya' aura sabase choTe putra kA nAma 'vasudeva' thaa| 'samudravijaya' ke ghara 'neminAtha' ne janma liyA aura 'vasudeva' ke ghara 'zrIkRSNa' ne| 'jarAsandha' ke bhaya se yAdavagaNa zaurIpura chor3akara dvArakA nagarI meM jAkara rahane lge| vahA~ jUnAgar3ha rAjA kI putrI rAjamati se nemikumAra kA vivAha nizcita huaa| bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha bArAta jUnAgar3ha ke nikaTa pahu~cI / neminAtha bahuta-se rAjaputroM ke sAtha ratha meM baiThe hue Asa-pAsa kI zobhA dekhate hue jA rahe the| unakI dRSTi eka ora gaI, to unhoMne dekhA bahuta-se pazu eka bAr3e meM banda haiM, ve nikalanA cAhate haiM, kintu nikalane kA koI mArga nahIM hai| neminAtha ne turanta sArathI ko ratha rokane kA Adeza dete hue pUchA ki "itane pazu isa taraha kyoM roke huye haiM?" sArathI ke dvArA neminAtha ko yaha jAnakara bar3A duHkha huA ki unakI bArAta ke satkAra ke liye ina pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAne vAlA hai| unako bhArI mAnasika kaSTa huA aura bole "yadi mere vivAha ke nimitta itane pazuoM kA jIvana saMkaTa meM hai, to dhikkAra hai aise vivAha ko / aba maiM vivAha nahIM kruuNgaa|" ve ratha se nIce utara par3e aura mukuTa va kaMgana ko pheMkakara vana kI ora cala pdd'e| unako vairAgya ho gayA tathA ve satya kI talAza meM nikala pdd'e| aisI mAnyatA hai ki ve pAsa meM hI sthita giranAra parvata para car3ha gaye aura sabhI paridhAna chor3akara digambara munivrata aMgIkAra karake AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho gaye aura paryApta tapa:sAdhanA karake kevalajJAna ko prApta kara giranAra se hI nirvANa lAbha kiyA / 16 inakI honevAlI patnI rAjakumArI rAjamati ne bhI dIkSA le lI aura ve jainadharma ke pracAra meM saMlagna ho gaI / neminAtha aura rAjamati ke jIvana-prasaMga ko lekara bar3I saMkhyA meM vividha rocaka kAvya race gaye haiN| jIvadayA evaM ahiMsA kI pratiSThApanA meM inakA bar3A yogadAna mAnA jAtA hai / 17 tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha pArzvanAtha 23veM tIrthaMkara the| inakA janma vArANasI nagara ke rAjA azvasena evaM mAtA vAmAdevI ke putra ke rUpa meM huaa| inakI cittavRtti Arambha se hI vairAgya kI ora thii| inakI laukika evaM rAjanItika kAryoM meM koI ruci nahIM thI / mAtA-pitA ne aneka bAra inase vivAha kA prastAva rakhA, kintu unhoMne sadA TAla diyA / eka dina ve apane sAthiyoM ke sAtha vanabhramaNa ko jA rahe the ki mArga meM paMcAgni tapa karatA huA eka tapasvI dikhAI diyaa| ve usake pAsa pahu~ce aura pUchA, " ina lakar3iyoM ko jalAkara kyoM jIva hiMsA karate ho?" tapasvI pArzvanAtha kI bAta sunakara krodhita ho gyaa| usane pUchA ki " maiM tapasyA kara rahA hU~, isameM hiMsA kahA~ se A gayI?" taba pArzvakumAra bole ki isa moTI lakar3I ke andara eka nAga-nAgina kA jor3a jala rahA hai aura maraNAsanna hai|" taba usa tapasvI ne kulhAr3I uThAkara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 8

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jyoMhI jalatI huI lakar3I ko cIrA, to usameM se nAga aura nAgina kA jalatA huA jor3A niklaa| unhoMne usa maraNAsanna sarpa-yugala ko upadeza dekara usakA uddhAra kiyA aura hiMsAyukta tapa ke sthAna para saMyama, vivekayukta sAttvika tapa karane kA upadeza diyaa| unheM isa ghaTanA se bar3A kaSTa huaa| kucha samaya pazcAt unhoMne rAjapATa ko tilAMjalI dekara munidIkSA dhAraNa kara lii| usa samaya se ve AtmadhyAna meM lIna ho gaye tathA satya kA mArga dikhAne meM saphala rhe|18 pArzvanAtha ne kahA ki "jisa tapa se Antarika kupravRttiyoM kA zamana ho, krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha Adi kaSAyoM ke nIce dabI huI samatva kI bhAvanA hRdaya meM jAgRta ho, aisA tapa hI sarvottama hai|"19 pArzvanAtha kA rAjasthAna se vizeSa sambandha rahA huA mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya guNabhadra dvArA likhita 'uttara-purANa' meM isakA vistArapUrvaka varNana milatA hai| 'uttara-purANa' meM pArzvanAtha ke sandarbha meM ullikhita bhaugolika va janajAtIya ullekhoM se spaSTa hotA hai ki inakI tapobhUmi lambe samaya taka rAjasthAna rhiiN|20 ajamera ke AsapAsa kA kSetra ahicchatrapura ke nAma se jAnA jAtA thaa| pArzvanAtha ke prasaMga meM 'ahicchatra' ke vana meM dhyAnamagna hote samaya unake pUrvajanma ke bairI kamaTha dvArA unake Upara kiye upasarga kA ullekha milatA hai| isa sandarbha meM ullekha milatA hai ki muni banane ke pazcAt jaba ve ahicchatra ke vana meM dhyAnastha the, taba unake pUrvajanma ke bairI saMvaradeva (kamaTha) ne ghora upasarga kiyaa| vaha unake Upara IMTa aura pattharoM kI barasAta karane lgaa| jaba usase bhI usane pArzvanAtha ke dhyAna meM vighna par3atA na dekhA, to vaha mUsalAdhAra varSA karane lgaa| AkAza meM meghoM ne bhayAnaka rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA, unake garjana se dila dahalane lgaa| pRthvI para cAroM ora pAnI hI pAnI umar3a pdd'aa| aise ghora upasarga meM jo nAga aura nAgina marakara 'dharaNendra' va 'padmAvatI' huye, ve apane upakArI (pArzvanAtha) ke Upara upasarga huA jAnakara turaMta aaye| dharaNendra ne sahasra phaNavAle sarpa kA rUpa dhAraNa karake bhagavAn ke Upara apanA phana phailA diyA aura isa taraha upasarga se unakI rakSA kii| usI samaya inheM kevalajJAna kI prApti huii|21 pArzvanAtha ko mahimA-maNDita karane ke dhyeya se jainadharmAnurAgiyoM ne aneka ghaTanAkrama prastuta kiye| isase inakI aitihAsikatA bhI siddha hotI hai| pArzvanAtha kI jo mUrtiyAM pAI jAtI haiM, unake sira para sarpa phaNAvalI banI huI hotI hai| yaha usI tapasyA ke ghaTanAkrama ko citrita karatA hai| jisameM unakI rakSA dharaNendra ne sarpa banakara kI thii| vibhinna aitihAsika tathya bhI isa ora iMgita karate haiM ki kevalajJAna prApta hone ke pazcAt ve rAjasthAna ke 'bijoliyA' nAmaka gAMva meM Aye aura apane caraNa-kamaloM se ise pavitra kiyaa|2 kaivalya hone ke pazcAt rAjasthAna evaM anya pradezoM meM vihAra karate huye sau varSa kI Ayu meM pArzvanAtha ne 'sammedazikhara' para bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 009

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tapasyA karate hue nirvANa prApta kiyaa| 23 pArzvanAtha ke samaya kA samAja ahiMsApriya samAja thA, kintu paMcAgni tapa karane vAle sAdhuoM kA bolabAlA thA / aMdhavizvAsa phailA huA thaa| pArzvanAtha ke pUrva hone vAle tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA upadiSTa dharma ko prAyaH bhulA diyA gayA thA, kintu pArzvanAtha ke kevalI banane ke pazcAt deza meM puna: ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya evaM aparigraha vratoM kA pAlana kiyA jAne lagA aura samAja meM aMhisAdharma (jainadharma) ko adhika mAnyatA milane lagI thii| pArzvanAtha ke yuga kI dhArmika sthiti ke bAre meM vidvAnoM kI mAnyatA hai ki vaha bar3A uthala-puthala kA samaya thA / vaidikadharma meM yajJoM kI pradhAnatA thii| yaha brAhmaNa-yuga ke anta aura vedAnta-yuga ke Arambha kA samaya thA / AtmA aura brahma kI jijJAsA purohitavarga meM balavatI thii| paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI likhate haiM, "isI yuga ke Arambha meM kAzI meM pArzvanAtha ne janma lekara bhoga kA mArga chor3akara yoga kA mArga apnaayaa| usa samaya vaidika Arya bhI tapa ke mahattva ko mAnane lage the, kintu apane pradhAna karma agnihotra ko chor3ane meM ve asamartha the| ataH unhoMne tapa aura agni ko saMyukta karake ' paMcAgni tapa' ko aMgIkAra kara liyA thaa| "124 pArzvanAtha kA prabhAva nauvIM sadI IsApUrva arthAt mahAvIra svAmI se 250 varSa pUrva phailaa| ve uccakoTi ke dharmazikSaka the tathA hiMsaka karma-kAMDoM ke kaTTara virodhI the / yajJoM kI bali prathA kA virodha karate hue hiMsA ko tyAgane kI zikSA dii| vaha jAti, nasla aura liMgabheda ke binA hara daravAje para dharmapracAra ke liye pahu~ce / strI evaM puruSa donoM hI pArzvanAtha ke saMgha samAnarUpa se praveza kara sakate the| pArzvanAtha jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM ko cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyaa| ina cAra zreNiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra ko eka nizcitarUpa pradAna kiyaa| inake dvArA nirdhArita zreNiyAM isa prakAra thIM (1) yati arthAt sAdhu athavA muni, (2) AryikA athavA sAdhvI, (3) zrAvaka, (4) zrAvikA / isa vargIkaraNa ke dvArA jaina samudAya ko prAcInakAla se susaMgaThita kara diyA gayA, jisake mAdhyama se jaina- - samudAya saMgaThitarUpa se calatA rhaa| paravartIkAla meM bauddhadharma kI tulanA meM jainadharma ke bhArata meM jIvita rahane kA yaha eka pramukha kAraNa rahA hai| 25 ataH pArzvanAtha ko jainadharma va samAja kA prabala pracAraka mAnA jAtA hai | 26 - tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI vaise to pArzvanAtha ne jainadharma ko eka suvyavasthita aura sunizcita rUpa pradAna kara diyA thA; kintu mahAvIra svAmI ne jainadharma kA bhArI vistAra kiyaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne kaI dArzanika vicAra jainadharma meM lAgU kiye| ataH inako jaina- paramparA meM 24veM tIrthaMkara kA sthAna prApta hai| aisA mAnA jAtA hai ki pArzvanAtha ne satya, asteya va aparigraha ke siddhAMta (cAturyAma) kA hI pratipAdana kiyA thA / mahAvIra ahiMsA, 0010 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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svAmI ne pA~cavA~ siddhAMta 'brahmacarya' jor3akara use paJcamahAvrata ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyA thaa|7 mahAvIra svAmI kA janma 599 IsApUrva bihAra prAnta ke 'kuNDagrAma' nagara ke rAjA siddhArtha ke ghara meM huaa| unakI mAtA trizalA vaizAlI-gaNataMtra ke adhyakSa rAjA ceTaka kI putrI thii|28 mahAvIra kA janma caitra zuklA trayodazI ke dina huA thaa| isa dina bhAratavarSa meM mahAvIra kI jayantI bar3I dhUmadhAma se manAI jAtI hai| vartamAna meM jainoM meM 'vIranirvANa-samvat' pracalita hai, isakA AdhAra 527 IsvI pUrva meM mahAvIra parinirvANa hai| digambara-paramparA ke anusAra mahAvIra avivAhita hI rhe| na unhoMne strI-sukha bhogA, na raaj-sukh| jisa samaya mahAvIra svAmI kA janma huA, usa samaya bhAratIya samAja va dharma meM aneka burAIyAM vyApta thii| usa samaya yajJa Adi kA bahuta jora thA aura yajJoM meM pazubali bahutAyata se hotI thii| becAre mUka-pazu dharma ke nAma para mAra diye jAte the| karuNA ke sAgara mahAvIra ke kAnoM taka bhI una mUka-pazuoM kI cItkAra pahu~cI aura mahAvIra kA hRdaya karuNA se AplAvita ho utthaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne 30 varSa kI Ayu meM munidIkSA dhAraNa kara 12 varSa taka kaThora tapasyA kii| 42 varSa kI Ayu meM unheM kaivalya prApta huaa| kaivalya-prApti ke pazcAt 30 varSoM taka ve deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vihAra karate rahe, tathA 72 varSa kI Ayu meM unhoMne nirvANa ko prApta kiyaa| mahAvIra svAmI ne 30 varSa taka deza-dezAntaroM meM vihAra karake dharmopadeza diyaa| ve jahA~ pahu~cate the, vahIM unakI upadeza-sabhA (samavasaraNa) laga jAtI thii| isa taraha mahAvIra svAmI kAzI, kauzala, paMcAla, kaliMga, kurujAMgala, kannauja, sindhu, gAndhAra Adi dezoM meM vihAra karate huye anta meM pAvApurI phuNce| mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM ko vyavasthita karane tathA unakA smaraNa rakhane kA kArya unake 'gaNadhara' karate the| digambara-sAhitya meM mahAvIra svAmI ke 11 gaNadharoM ke bAre meM ullekha milatA hai, tathA prathama gaNadhara indrabhUti nAma kA 'gautama' gotrIya brAhmaNa thaa| unake ye sabhI gaNadhara brAhmaNa batAye gaye haiN| ve sabhI mahAvIra svAmI kI jJAnagarimA se abhibhUta hone ke kAraNa unake anuyAyI bane the| indrabhUti gautama 'pramukha gaNadhara' pada se vibhUSita hue| isase mahAvIra kI sAre deza meM lokapriyatA ho gaI aura bhArI janasamUha jainadharma meM dIkSita hone lagA tathA sampUrNa deza meM mahAvIra evaM jainadharma ko lokapriyatA milii| unake saMgha meM eka lAkha zrAvaka, 3 lAkha zrAvikAyeM thIM; isa kAraNa unake anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA to karor3oM meM honI caahiye|30 ___ mahAvIra svAmI kA vyaktitva bar3A krAntikArI thaa| inake samaya meM saMskRti kA nirmala va lokakalyANakArI rUpa vikRta hokara Ama-janatA se dUra ho gayA thaa| dharma ke nAma para karmakANDoM va andhavizvAsoM meM vRddhi huii| yajJa ke nAma para mUka-pazuoM kA vadha kiyA jAtA thaa| varNAzrama-vyavasthA meM bhI aneka vikRtiyAM ghara bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayiH 1011

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kara gaIM thiiN| strI aura zUdra adhama tathA nIca samajhe jAne lge| unheM AtmaciMtana va sAmAjika pratiSThA kA koI adhikAra nahIM rhaa| tyAgI-tapasvI samajhe jAne vAle loga sampatti ke mAlika bana baitthe| saMyama kA sthAna bhoga va aizvarya ne le liyaa| isaprakAra kA sAMskRtika saMkaTa utpanna ho gyaa| isase mAnavatA ko ubAranA Avazyaka thaa| isa vikaTa sAmAjika sAMskRtika va dhArmika sthitiyoM ke sudhAra ke liye mahAvIra ne krAntikArI kadama utthaaye| mahAvIra svAmI ne hI jainadharma ko Ama-janatA taka pahu~cAne kA mahattvapUrNa kArya kiyaa| unhoMne dharma ko kriyAkANDa na mAnakara AtmA kA svabhAva mAnA aura bAhya anuSThAnoM ke badale Antarika pavitratA aura cittavRtti kI nirmalatA ko 'dharma' khaa| unhoMne dharma ke cAra dvAra batalAye - kSamA, santoSa, saralatA aura viny| krodha se kSamA meM, abhimAna se vinaya meM, mAyA se saralatA meM aura lobha se santoSa meM AnA hI dharma kI ArAdhanA hai|31 pArzvanAtha dvArA jaina-samAja kA cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhAjana mahAvIra svAmI ke kAla meM bhI jArI rhaa| mahAvIra svAmI kI mRtyu ke samaya inake saMgha meM 14,000 muni athavA sAdhu, 36,000 AryikAyeM athavA sAdhviyA~, 1 lAkha 59,000 hajAra zrAvaka evaM 3 lAkha 18,000 zrAvikAyeM thiiN|32 mahAvIra svAmI ke parinirvANa ke pazcAt unake gaNadhara indrabhUti gautama jainadharma ke mukhiyA bne| unake bAda unake ziSya sudharmasvAmI pramukha bane aura unhoMne apane ziSya jambUsvAmI ke samakSa jaina-siddhAMtoM kI vyAkhyA usIprakAra kI, jisaprakAra gautamasvAmI ke samakSa mahAvIra svAmI ne kI thii| vartamAna yuga ke nirgrantha-zramaNa inhIM ke AdhyAtmika vaMzaja mAne jAte haiN| anya gaNadharoM ne koI ziSya-paramparA nahIM chodd'ii|33 jaisA ki vidita hai mahAvIra svAmI 24veM va antima jaina tIrthaMkara the| arthAt unake nirvANa ke sAtha hI isa yuga meM tIrthaMkara-paramparA samApta ho gii| isake pazcAt indrabhUti gautama, sudharmasvAmI ora jAmbUsvAmI - ye tIna kevalI huye, jinhoMne jainadharma kA pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| gaNadharoM ne mahAvIra svAmI ke upadezoM ko maukhika rUpa se yAda rakhate huye pracArita kiyaa| inako mahAvIra svAmI ke jIvana-kAla meM lipibaddha nahIM kiyA gayA thaa| mahAvIra svAmI kI zikSAyeM uttarAdhikArI gaNadhara yAda kara lete the, va Ane vAle uttarAdhikAriyoM ko yAda karA dete the| isase mahAvIra svAmI kI zikSAoM kI maulikatA kamajora par3ane lagI thii| IsApUrva dvitIya zatAbdI meM samrAT khAravela ne aitihAsika zramaNa-sammelana ur3IsA ke 'kumArI parvata' (khaNDagiri-udayagiri) para bulavAyA aura vahA~ prathama bAra mahAvIra ke upadezoM ko dvArazAMga ke rUpa meM vyavasthita kara cAra anuyogoM meM vargIkRta karane kA kArya kiyaa|34 isake bAda IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI meM AcArya puSpadanta-bhUtabali, AcArya guNadhara evaM AcArya kundakunda Adi AcAryoM ne ise lipibaddha karane kA kArya kiyaa| 40 12 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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vaise to mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt kucha samaya taka jainadharma saMgaThita hI rhaa| kintu bAda meM vibhinna mata-matAntara panapane lage the, tathA jainadharma pramukha do sampradAyoM kramazaH 'digambara' va 'zvetAmbara' meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| digambaroM kI yaha mAnyatA hai ki unhoMne mUladharma ko surakSita rakhA hai, jabaki zvetAmbaroM ne samayAnusAra isameM parivartana kiye haiN| aisI mAnyatA hai ki mahAvIra svAmI ke bAda san 80 IsvI meM zvetAmbara-paMtha astitva meM aayaa|35 jainadharma kA vistAra __ Aja sAre vizva meM jainadharma ke anuyAyI bhArI saMkhyA meM haiM, kintu jainadharma kA vikAsa mukhyarUpa se bhArata meM hI huaa| vyavasAya va vANijya ke mAdhyama se jainadharma kA pracAra va prasAra sampUrNa vizva meM huaa| isakI prAcInatA ke AdhAra para jainamatAnuyAyI jainadharma ko bhArata ko mUladharma mAnate haiN| inakI mAnyatA hai ki jainadharma aura jainasamAja donoM hI aitihAsika kAla se bhArata ke mUladharma evaM samAja rahe haiN| AryoM ke Agamana ke pUrva jo jAtiyA~ yahA~ rahatI thIM, ve saba zramaNadharma kI upAsaka thIM, ahiMsApriya thIM tathA zAnta-svabhAva kI thiiN| isake uparAnta bhI jainadharma vaidikadharma ke sAtha astitva meM rhaa| ataH jainadharma kA sampUrNa deza meM vistAra honA koI Azcarya kI bAta nahIM hai| uttara bhArata ke vibhinna prAntoM meM jainadharma kI sthiti kAphI sudRr3ha thii| vibhinna itihAsajJoM ke kathana se patA calatA hai ki buddha ke nirvANa ke pazcAt prathama sadI meM uttara bhArata ke vibhinna sthAnoM meM jaina-samudAya pramukha thaa| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga IsvI san kI sAtavIM sadI meM bhArata AyA thaa| vaha apane yAtrA-vivaraNa meM nAlandA ke vihAra kA varNana karate huye likhatA hai ki "nirgrantha (jaina) sAdhu ne, jo jyotiSa-vidyA kA jAnakAra thA, naye bhavana kI saphalatA kI bhaviSyavANI kI thii|" isase prakaTa hai ki usa samaya magadha-rAjya meM jainadharma phailA huA thaa| jainadharma kI unnati kA sUcaka dUsarA mukhyapramANa azoka kI prasiddha ghoSaNA hai, jisameM nirgranthoM ko dAna dene kI AjJA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki azoka ke zAsanakAla meM jo zramaNa 'nirgrantha' ke nAma se vikhyAta the, ve itane yogya va prabhAvazAlI the ki azoka kI rAja-ghoSaNA meM unakA mukhya ullekha karanA Avazyaka samajhA gayA thaa| uttara-bhArata meM jainadharma kI pragati kI dRSTi se 'kaliMga' kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| dUsarI zatAbdI IsApUrva kA prasiddha khAravela zilAlekha kaliMga meM jainadharma kI pragati ko pramANita karatA hai| zrI raMgAsvAmI AyaMgara ke matAnusAra bauddhadharma ke pracAra ke prati azoka ne jo utsAha dikhalAyA, usake phalasvarUpa jainadharma kA kendra magadha se uThakara kaliMga calA gayA, jahA~ hvenatsAMga ke samaya taka jainadharma kA bhArI prabhAva thaa| yadyapi IsApUrva 400 meM naMda rAjA dvArA 'kaliMga-jina' kI pratimA ur3IsA meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0013

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magadha lAye jAne kA ullekha yaha siddha kara detA hai ki mahAvIra ke kAla se hI kaliMga meM jainadharma kA pracAra thA aura vahA~ jaina tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyoM kI pUjA kI jAtI thii| khAravela ke zilAlekha kI taraha hI prasiddha mathurA ke purAtAttvika sAkSya prakaTa karate haiM ki IsA kI prathama zatAbdI se bahuta pahale se mathurA jainadharma kA eka pramukha kendra thaa| isaprakAra uttara- bhArata ke pratyeka prAnta meM mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt lagabhaga pA~ca zatAbdiyoM taka jainadharma tejI ke sAtha unnati karatA rhaa| adhika vistAra meM jAye binA satahI taura para jainadharma ke vistAra - kSetroM kI jAnakArI nA prAsaMgika rhegaa| bihAra to bhagavAn mahAvIra kI janmabhUmi, tapobhUmi, karmabhUmi va nirvANabhUmi thii| vahA~ ke rAjagharAnoM meM jainadharma kA acchA pracAra va prasAra huaa| bihAra meM hI sammeda zikhara, rAjagRha, pAvApurI, kuNDagrAma jaise jaina tIrtha Aja bhI prativarSa hajAroM lAkhoM yAtriyoM ko apanI ora AkarSita karate haiN| kaliMga isakA pramukha - kendra rahA hai| hAthIgumphA-abhilekha ke anusAra kaliMga kA zAsaka khAravela to jaina thA hI, sAtha ur3IsA kA sArA rASTra usa samaya jaina hI thaa| ur3IsA meM khaNDagiri va udayagiri kI guphAyeM Aja bhI jainadharma ke pramukha tIrtha sthAnoM meM sammilita haiN| jainadharma kA Adi aura pavitra sthAna magadha aura pazcima baMgAla samajhA jAtA hai| baMgAla kA 'vardhamAna' jilA varddhamAna ( mahAvIra) ke nAma para hI banA hai| vahA~ ke vIrabhUmi, siMhabhUmi va mAnabhUmi jiloM kA nAmakaraNa mahAvIra svAmI ke 'vardhamAna' nAma ke evaM unake cihna ke AdhAra para hI huA hai| baMgAla ke pazcimI hisse meM jo 'sarAka' jAti pAI jAtI hai, vaha jaina zrAvakoM kI pUrva smRti karAtI hai| Aja bhI bahuta-se jaina - mandiroM ke dhvaMsAvazeSa, jaina- mUrtiyA~, zilAlekha ityAdi jaina smRti cihna baMgAla ke bhinna-bhinna bhAgoM meM pAye jAte haiN| 38 'bAMkurA' aura 'vIrabhUmi' jiloM meM Aja bhI jaina - pratimAoM ke milane ke samAcAra pAye jAte haiN| mAnabhUmi meM paMcakoTa ke rAjA ke adhInastha aneka gA~voM meM vizAla jaina-mUrtiyoM kI pUjA hindU purohita yA brAhmaNa karate haiN| ve 'bhairava' ke nAma se pukArI jAtI haiM aura nIca yA zUdra jAti ke loga vahA~ pazu-bali bhI karate haiN| ina saba mUrtiyoM ke nIce aba bhI jainalekha mila jAte haiN| 39 aisI mAnyatA hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 1,000 varSa taka yahA~ jaina- samAja phalA-phUlA; lekina muslima - kAla meM usakA nirantara patana hotA gayA / samrAT akabara ke zAsanakAla meM punaH baMgAla meM jainadharma kA utthAna hotA huA dikhAI detA hai| akabara ke zAsanakAla meM 'Amera ke rAjA mAnasiMha baMgAla ke sUbedAra rahe the| usa samaya aneka jaina vyApArI va sarakArI adhikArI rAjasthAna se baMgAla meM jAkara basa gaye the| prasiddha 'jagataseTha' bhI jaina samudAya se sambandhita thaa| yaha parivAra bhI mAnasiMha ke sAtha hI baMgAla gayA thaa| aise hI eka jaina - padAdhikArI 'nAnUgodhA' kA 0014 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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ullekha milatA hai, jo mAnasiMha ke samaya baMgAla ke mukhyamaMtrI the / nAnUgodhA ne usa samaya baMgAla meM 84 mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA, isase yaha spaSTa hai ki usa samaya bhI vahA~ jaina samAja bar3I saMkhyA meM rahatA thaa| 40 baMgAla meM aMgrejI rAjya kI sthApanA ke pUrva hI mAravAr3I jaina - vyApArI baMgAla meM paryApta saMkhyA meM maujUda the| aMgrejI - rAjya kI sthApanA meM sahAyaka hone ke kAraNa mAravAr3I - jaina- vyApAriyoM kA jamAvar3A baMgAla meM huaa| 41 pichale 200 varSoM se baMgAla va AsAma ke kSetroM meM rAjasthAna se mAravAr3I - samAja vyavasAya ke liye jAtA rahA hai| ataH 20vIM sadI meM baMgAla va AsAma ke kSetroM meM jainadharma ke anuyAyI paryApta saMkhyA meM maujUda haiN| gujarAta ke sAtha jainadharma kA prAcIna sambandha hai| jainiyoM kA prasiddha siddhakSetra 'giranAra' parvata 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA nirvANa sthala hai| mahAvIra ke pazcAt AcArya dharasena usI giranAra parvata kI guphA meM rahate the aura unhoMne dakSiNa bhArata se bhUtabali evaM puSpadanta nAmaka muni-yugala ko Agama - sAhitya kA avaziSTa jJAna - lAbha dene ke liye bulAyA thaa| muslima - kAla meM bhI bhaTTAraka- paramparA kA sabase adhika vikAsa sUrata, bharUca, navasArI, porabandara, mehasAnA jaise nagaroM meM huA thaa| 42 vartamAna meM kAnajI svAmI ne 'sonagar3ha' (saurASTra) ko apanA kAryakSetra banAyA aura gujarAta meM bahuta se digambara jaina mandiroM kA nava-nirmANa krvaayaa| jaina - samudAya kI janasaMkhyA kI dRSTi se gujarAta kA bhArata meM tIsarA sthAna hai| yahA~ yaha ullekhanIya hai ki 1971 kI janagaNanA ke anusAra jaina- janasaMkhyA kA vivaraNa nimnAMkita sAraNI ke anusAra thA+3 sAraNI kra.saM. rAjya kA nAma 1. rAjasthAna 2. gujarAta 3. mahArASTra 4. dillI madhyapradeza 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. maisUra dAdarA evaM nAgara-havelI caMDIgar3ha hariyANA kula janasaMkhyA kA jaina pratizata 1.99 1.69 1.40 1.24 0.83 0.75 0.41 0.39 0.31 uparokta sAraNI se spaSTa hai ki sampUrNa bhArata meM jaina samAja phailA huA hai| jainadharma ke vistAra kI dRSTi se 'rAjasthAna' kA nAma agraNI mAnA jA sakatA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 15

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svargIya rAyabahAdura gaurIzaMkara hIrAnaMda ojhA ne apane 'rAjapUtAne ke itihAsa' ke prathama bhAga meM ullekha kiyA hai ki ajamera jile ke 'sArzva' nAmaka gA~va meM vIra-saMvat 84 (vikramapUrva 386, IsApUrva 443) kA eka zilAlekha milA hai, jo ajamera ke myUjiyama meM surakSita hai| usa zilAlekha meM yaha anumAna lagAyA gayA hai ki azoka ke pahale bhI rAjasthAna meM jainadharma kA prasAra ho cukA thaa| jainiyoM kI prasiddha jAtiyA~, jaise - osavAla, khaNDelavAla, bagheravAla, pallIvAla Adi kA udaya-sthAna rAjapUtAnA hI mAnA jAtA hai| cittaur3a ke aitihAsika kIrti-stambha jainoM kA hI nirmANa karAyA huA hai| udayapura ke samIpa RSabhadeva kA mandira, jise 'kesariyAjI' ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai, jainoM kA prAcIna pavitra sthAna hai| jisakI pUjA-vandanA jainoM ke atirikta anya-dharmAnuyAyI bhI karate haiN| rAjasthAna meM jaina dezI riyAsatoM meM dIvAna, maMtrI, senApati Adi bhI rahe haiN| vizeSataura para madhyakAla meM jainasamAja kI pragati rAjasthAna meM adhika dikhAI detI hai| jaina-paramparA ke anusAra madhyakAla meM jainadharma kA uttarapradeza, bihAra, baMgAla va anya sIdhe muslima-zAsana ke antargata jainadharma va samAja patana kI ora agrasara huaa| ___muslimakAla meM prAyaH yuddha huA karate the, aura ina yuddhoM meM hAra-jIta ke pazcAt vijetA muslima-zAsakoM dvArA mandiroM va mUrtiyoM ko lUTA va tor3A jAtA thaa| yahI nahIM, mUrti-bhaMjana ke pazcAt nagaravAsiyoM ko bhI dharma-parivartana ke liye majabUra kiyA jAtA thA, evaM sampatti kI lUTa-khasoTa Ama bAta thii| atizayakSetra kezavarAyapATana tathA gvAliyara kile meM virAjamAna mUrtiyA~ isake sAkSAt pramANa haiN| ajamera kA DhAI dina kA jhoMpar3A, vahA~ kI prasiddha khvAjA sAhaba kI daragAha, pahale jaina-mandira the - aisI itihAsakAroM kI bhI mAnyatA hai| muslimakAla meM kucha apavAdoM ko chor3akara zeSa kAla meM muslima-zAsana jaina-saMskRti ke liye bhI ghAtaka sAbita huaa| jo kucha bacA rahA athavA nirmita huA, vaha yA to yahA~ ke rAjapUta-zAsakoM ke riyAsatoM meM athavA yuddhoM meM phaMse rahane se udhara dhyAna nahIM jAne ke kAraNa bhI bahuta se mandira bace rhe|45 rAjasthAna meM madhyakAla meM jainadharma atyadhika surakSita rhaa| madhyakAla ke rAjasthAna ke adhikAMza durgoM meM Aja bhI jaina-mandira vidyamAna hai| vaise to jainadharma ke anuyAyI sampUrNa bhArata meM haiM, kintu rAjasthAna ko prathama sthAna prApta hai| rAjasthAna ke bAda madhyapradeza (madhyaprAnta) jaina-matAnuyAyiyoM kI dRSTi se atyadhika mahattvapUrNa hai| madhyapradeza ke baitUla jile meM 'muktAgirI', sAgara jile meM damoha ke pAsa 'kuNDalapura' aura nimAr3a jile meM 'siddhavarakUTa' prasiddha jaina tIrtha-sthAna hai| 'bhelasA' (vidizA) ke samIpa kA bIsanagara (udayagiri) jainiyoM kA bahuta prAcIna sthAna hai| zItalanAtha tIrthaMkara kI janmabhUmi hone se yaha atizayakSetra 00 16 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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mAnA jAtA hai| jaina-granthoM meM isakA nAma 'bhaddalapura' pAyA jAtA hai| bundelakhaNDa meM bhI aneka jaina-tIrtha haiM, jinameM sonAgira, devagar3ha, nayanAgiri aura droNagiri kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| khajurAho ke prasiddha jaina-mandira Aja bhI darzanArthiyoM ko AkarSita karate haiN| satrahavIM sadI meM vahA~ jainadharma kA hrAsa honA Arambha huaa| jahA~ kisI samaya lAkhoM jainI the, vahA~ aba jainadharma kA patA jaina-mandiroM ke khaNDaharoM aura TUTI-phUTI jaina-mUrtiyoM se calatA hai| uttara pradeza meM jainadharma kA kendra hone kI dRSTi se 'mathurA' kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| mathurA ke kaMkAlI TIle se jo lekha prApta huye haiM, ve IsApUrva kI dUsarI sadI se lekara pA~cavIM IsvI zatAbdI taka ke haiM, jisase isa sthAna kI jainadharma ke kendra ke rUpa meM prAcInatA kA AbhAsa hotA hai| ina lekhoM se patA calatA hai ki sudIrghakAla taka mathurA nagarI jainadharma kA pradhAna-kendra thii| jaina-tIrthaMkaroM kA sambandha ayodhyA aura banArasa se bhI rahA hai| vartamAna meM bhI jainadharma ke anuyAyI uttara pradeza meM acchI saMkhyA meM, vizeSakara pazcimI-uttarapradeza ke adhikAMza jiloM meM jaina-matAvalambiyoM kI bahutAyata hai, jabaki pUrvI-uttarapradeza meM 80 pratizata jaina rAjasthAna-mUla ke haiM, jo vyApAra-vANijya ke liye vahA~ base huye haiN| hariyANA, paMjAba evaM kazmIra - ina tInoM hI pradezoM meM kabhI jaina-samAja acchI saMkhyA meM rahatA thaa| san 1992-93 meM 'larakAnA' sthita 'moana-jo-dar3o' ke TIle kI khudAI meM prApta miTTI kI mudrAoM para eka tarapha bar3e AkAra meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI kAyotsarga-mudrA meM mUrti banI huI hai| dUsarI tarapha baila kA cihna banA huA hai| 'har3appA' kI khudAI meM kucha khaNDita mUrtiyAM bhI prApta huI haiN| ina donoM purAtAttvika mahattva ke sthaloM se prApta avazeSoM se isa bAta para prakAza par3atA hai ki har3appA-kAlIna jaina-tIrthaMkaroM kI mUrtiyA~ jainadharma meM varNita kAyotsarga-mudrA kI hI pratIta hotI haiN| paMjAba-pradeza meM pahale hariyANA-pradeza bhI zAmila thaa| gAMdhAra, jammU, puMja, siyAlakoTa, jAlaMdhara, kAMgar3A, sahAranapura se ambAlA, pAnIpAta, sonIpata, karanAla, hisAra evaM kazmIra kA bhAga - ye sabhI paMjAba-pradeza meM gine jAte the| paMjAba meM jainoM ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne apane dvitIya putra bAhubali ko 'gaMdhAra' kA rAjya diyA thA, jisakI rAjadhAnI takSazilA thii| paMjAba-pradeza meM 11vIM zatAbdI taka jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA paryApta thii| aisA ullekha milatA hai ki sikandara ko svadeza lauTate samaya aneka nagna sAdhu mile the| kintu 11vIM sadI se 15vIM sadI ke daurAna mahamUda gajanavI se lekara sikandara lodI taka aneka musalamAna-AkramaNakAriyoM ne isa kSetra kI jaina-saMskRti ko bhArI kSati phuNcaayii| san 1947 meM pAkistAna banane se pUrva rAvalapiNDI-chAvanI, siyAlakoTa-chAvanI, lAhaura-chAvanI, lAhaura-nagara, phirojapura-chAvanI, ambAlA-chAvanI, multAna, DerA gAjI-khAna Adi nagaroM meM jainoM ke acchI saMkhyA meM ghara the tathA mandira bhI the| ina jainoM meM mukhyarUpa se agravAla, khaNDelavAla va osavAla jAtiyoM kI pramukhatA thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0017

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paMjAba - pradeza meM bhaTTAraka, jinacandra, prabhAcandra evaM zubhacandra ne vihAra kiyA thA aura aMhisA-dharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| saMvat 1723 meM lAhaura meM khaDgasena kavi ne 'trilokadarpaNa kathA' kI racanA kI thI / lAmapura (lAhaura) meM jina - mandira thA, ve vahIM baiThakara dhArmika carcA kiyA karate the| 47 san 1981 kI janagaNanA ke anusAra ina pradezoM meM jainoM kI saMkhyA nimnAnusAra thI 48 1. 2. 3. 4. rAjya kA nAma paMjAba hariyANA caMDIgar3ha jammU-kazmIra 00 18 janasaMkhyA 27049 35482 1889 1576 dakSiNa bhArata meM bhI jaina-dharmAnuyAyI paryApta saMkhyA meM pAye jAte haiN| aisA vRttAnta milatA hai ki candragupta maurya ke zAsanakAla meM uttara - bhArata meM 12 varSa kA bhayaMkara durbhikSa par3ane para jainAcArya bhadrabAhu ne apane vizAla jaina saMgha ke sAtha dakSiNa bhArata kI aura prayANa kiyA thaa| isase yaha bAta spaSTa hotI haiM ki dakSiNa-bhArata meM usa samaya bhI jainadharma kA acchA prasAra thA aura bhadrabAhu ko pUrNa vizvAsa thA ki vahA~ unake saMgha ko kisI prakAra kA kaSTa nahIM hogaa| yadi aisA na hotA, to ve itane bar3e saMgha ko dakSiNa bhArata kI ora le jAne kA sAhasa nahIM karate | 49 sAtha hI yaha bAta bhI ullekhanIya hai ki jaina saMgha kI isa yAtrA ne dakSiNa-bhArata meM jainadharma ko majabUtI pradAna kI thii| pro. rAmasvAmI AyaMgara likhate haiM " suzikSita jaina sAdhu choTe-choTe samUha banAkara samasta dakSiNa bhArata meM phaila gaye aura dakSiNa kI bhASAoM meM apane dhArmika sAhitya kA nirmANa karake usake dvArA apane dhArmika vicAroM ko dhIre-dhIre, kintu sthAyIrUpa meM janatA meM phailAne lge| kintu yaha kalpanA karanA ki 'ye sAdhu sAdhAraNatayA laukika-kAryoM meM udAsIna rahate the', galata hai| eka sImA taka yaha satya hai ki ye saMsAra meM saMlagna nahIM hote the| kintu megasthanIja ke vivaraNa se hama jAnate haiM ki IsA pUrva caturtha zatAbdI taka rAjA loga apane dUtoM dvArA vanavAsI jaina zramaNoM se rAjakIya mAmaloM meM svataMtratApUrvaka salAha-mazavarA karate the| jaina- guruoM ne rAjavaMzoM ko AzIrvAda evaM mArgadarzana pradAna kiyA thA, aura ve rAjya zatAbdiyoM taka jainadharma ke prati sahiSNu bane rhe| kinta jainadharma-granthoM meM raktapAta ke niSedha para jo atyadhika jora diyA gayA, usake kAraNa samasta jaina-jAti rAjanItika unnati nahIM kara sakI / "50 jainadharma ke vistAra kI dRSTi se dakSiNa bhArata ko do bhAgoM meM bA~TA jA sakatA hai - tamilanADu tathA karnATaka / tamilanADu meM jainadharma prAcInakAla se ---- bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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vidyamAna thaa| vahA~ ke prAcIna 'cola' aura 'pANDya' narezoM ne jainadharma ko bharapUra Azraya diyaa| pANDyoM kI rAjadhAnI 'madurA' dakSiNa-bhArata meM jainoM kA pramukha tIrtha-sthAna bana gayI thii| dakSiNa-bhArata ke eka jainAcArya kundakunda ne sampUrNa bhArata meM jainadharma va darzana ke vikAsa meM mahattvapUrNa bhUmikA nibhaaii| cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga sAtavIM zatAbdI meM kAMcIpuram' AyA thaa| usane yahA~ jina dharmoM ko dekhA, unameM jainoM kA nAma bhI milatA hai| karnATaka va telugU meM bhI jainadharma kA bhArI pracAra thaa| isaprakAra karnATaka, tamilanADu, Andhrapradeza va ur3IsA taka jainadharma kA bar3A prabhAva thA; kintu dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma ke itihAsa meM 'karnATaka' ko vizeSa-sthAna prApta hai| yaha sthAna prAcInakAla se hI digambara-jaina-sampradAya kA pramukha sthAna rahA hai| karnATaka meM bhagavAn bAhubali kI vizAla khaDgAsana pratimA isakA jIvanta pramANa hai| karnATaka ke belagA~va jile meM digambara jainoM kI janasaMkhyA varSa 1971 meM 110135 darja kI gii|51 yahA~ eka bAta aura ullekhanIya hai ki jahA~ uttarI bhArata meM adhikAMza jaina-matAnuyAyI zaharoM meM nivAsa karate haiM, vahIM karnATaka-prAnta meM adhisaMkhya jaina grAmINa-kSetroM meM nivAsa karate haiN| varSa 1971 meM karnATaka ke belagA~va jile ke 907002 jaina-matAnuyAyI grAmINa-kSetra ke the|52 dakSiNa-bhArata meM rAjasthAna, gujarAta va mahArASTra meM vyavasAya-hetu base huye jaina-matAnuyAyiyoM kI saMkhyA bhI paryApta hai| jainadharma ke vistAra kI dRSTi se mahArASTra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| kucha vidvAn karnATaka kA par3osI hone ke kAraNa mahArASTra ko dakSiNa bhArata meM sammilita kara lete haiN| uttarI-mahArASTra meM madhyapradeza, gujarAta, rAjasthAna ke jaina-samudAyoM kI saMkhyA adhika hai, kintu auraMgAbAda Adi dakSiNI-mahArASTra meM karnATaka-mUla ke jaina adhika pAye jAte haiN| san 1981 I. kI janagaNanA ke anusAra mahArASTra meM jainoM kI saMkhyA isaprakAra darzAyI gayI hai53bambaI mahAnagara 341980 kolhApura 121722 sAMgalI 67314 65907 ThANe ahamadanagara 33565 nAsika 28792 jalagA~va 24589 solApura 24141 auraMgAbAda 23328 45509 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0019

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eka jaina - lekhaka kI mAnyatA hai ki janasaMkhyA ke sarakArI A~kar3a vAstavikatA se bahuta dUra haiN| 54 yaha mAnyatA kucha sImA taka satya bhI pratIta hotI hai; kyoMki adhikAMza jaina- matAnuyAyI apanA upanAma gotra, jAti, sthAna ityAdi ke nAma para lagAte haiN| jisase unake dharma kA sahI jJAna nahIM ho pAtA hai| jabaki janagaNanA vAle 'jaina' upanAma likhanevAloM ko hI jainadharma kA anuyAyI mAnate haiM, anya ko nhiiN| aneka aisI jAtiyA~ hai, jo hindU va jaina donoM matoM ko mAnanevAlI haiN| unheM jainoM ke sthAna para hindUdharma meM hI sammilita kara liyA jAtA hai| jainadharma ke vistAra - viSayaka vivaraNa se yaha bhalI-bhA~ti spaSTa hotA hai ki prAcInakAla se lekara Aja taka jainadharma bhArata meM cahu~diza phala-phUla rahA hai| vaise to samaya ke sAtha badalatI paristhitiyoM meM jaina-matAnuyAyiyoM meM sAmAjika va dhArmika darzana ke kSetra meM aneka parivartana Aye hai; kintu 20vIM sadI sabase adhika cunautI - bharI sadI rahI hai| isa saMvedanazIla samaya meM digambara jaina samAja apanI mAnyatAoM ko dRr3ha banAne hetu saMgharSarata rahA hai| samaya ke sAtha inhoMne parivartana bhI kiye haiN| digambara jaina samAja ke vibhinna saMgaThana apane dharma ko susaMgaThita karane kA prayAsa kara rahe haiN| ina saMgaThanoM ke mAdhyama se digambara jaina samAja meM vyApta burAIyoM ko samApta kara samAja-sudhAra ke prayAsa kiye jA rahe haiN| jainadharma kI mUla - zikSAoM ke pracAra-prasAra hetu sAhitya, samAcAra-patra va patrikAoM kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| purAne tIrtha kSetroM, atizayakSetroM, siddha-kSetroM va mandiroM kA punaruddhAra ina saMgaThanoM ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA rahA hai| sampUrNa bhArata kA digambara jaina samAja sabase adhika saMgaThita dikhAI detA hai| aneka jAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hone ke uparAnta bhI digambara jaina samAja dharma va darzana ke kSetra meM ekatAbaddha dikhAI detA hai| - 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. sandarbha- vivaraNikA paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, bhAratIya digambara jainasaMgha mathurA, caturtha saMskaraNa, pRSTha 1-2. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina sAhitya kA itihAsa, zrI gaNeza varNI digambara jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha 1-2. DaoN. mAnamala jainakoTA, jaina samAja kA dharma va darzana ke kSetra meM yogadAna (aprakAzita zodha-lekha ). AcArya jinasena, harivaMza purANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, pRSTha 8. vahI / 0020 + I bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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15. AcArga, 20. 21. 6. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla-jaina-samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pRSTha 2. 7. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 13. 8. DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla-jaina-samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pRSTha 3. ___ AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, prathama bhAga, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana. 10. - paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 14-15. 11. AcArya jinasena, harivaMzapurANa, pRSTha 1. 12. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina-sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 67. 13. vahI, pRSTha 67-84. 14. DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla-jaina-samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pRSTha 3. AcArya guNabhadra, uttarapurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, pA~cavA~ saMskaraNa, 1986. 16. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 16-17. 17. DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, sAMskRtika cetanA aura jaina-patrakAritA, siddhazrI prakAzana, jayapura, pRSTha 9. 18. AcArya guNabhadra, uttarapurANa, pRSTha 429. 19. vahI. vahI, pRSTha 429-443. vahI, pRSTha 429, 'uttara-purANa' meM likhA hai ki "he deva! anya tIrthakaroM kA mAhAtmya prakaTa nahIM hai, parantu Apako mAhAtmya-atizaya prakaTa hai; isIliye ApakI kathA acchI taraha kahane ke yogya hai| AcArya kahate haiM ki he prabhu! cUMki ApakI dharmayukta kathA kumArga kA nivAraNa aura sanmArga kA prasAraNa karanevAlI hai| ataH mokSagAmI bhavya-jIvoM ke liye use avazya khuuNgaa|' 22. bijoliyA (rAja.) meM prAcIna pArzvanAtha kA mandira Aja bhI vidyamAna hai| isI mandira meM saMvat 1226 kA eka vistRta zilAlekha upalabdha hai, jisameM unake kaivalya-prApti kI kathA kA pUrNa vivaraNa hai| paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 18... paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jaina-sAhitya kA itihAsa, pRSTha 106. vilAsa e. sAMgave, jaina kamyUniTI : e sozala sarve, pApulara prakAzana, bAmbe, saikaNDa rivAijDa eDIzana, 1980, pRSTha 47 evaM 359. 26. vahI, pRSTha 359-60. 27. e.sI. sena, skUlsa eNDa sekTasa ina jaina-liTarecara, kalakattA, 1931, pRSTha 43. zvetAmbara-mAnyatA ke anusAra mahAvIra kI mAtA trizalA ceTaka kI bahina thiiN| vahI, pRSTha 143. 30. vahI, pRSTha 125-35. 31. DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, sAMskRtika-cetanA aura patrakAritA, pRSTha 10. 32. yU.DI bAroDiyA, hisTrI eNDa liTarecara oNpha jainijma, bAmbe, 1909, pRSTha 40; tathA Ara. Ara. divAkara, bihAra zrU dI ejeja, kalakattA, 1959, pRSTha 127. 33. je.sI. jaina, lAipha ina ezIyeMTa iNDiyA eja DepikTeDa ina jaina kenana, bAmbe, 1947, pRSTha 25. 34. "coyati-saMga-saMtikaM turiyaM upAdayati" -hAthIgumphA-abhilekha. 35. eca. jaikobI, insAikalopIDiyA oNpha rIlijana eNDa aithiksa, jilda sAta, ahamadAbAda, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0021

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36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 1950, pRSTha 474. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina- samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, prathama saMskaraNa, jaina itihAsa prakAzana saMsthAna, jayapura, 1992, pRSTha 4. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 26. vahI, pRSTha 39; evaM DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, prathamakhaNDa, pRSTha 7. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 39-40. DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, jaina- samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pRSTha 6. DaoN. bRjakizora zarmA, parsapekTipasa oNna maoNrDana ikonaoNmika eNDa sozala hisTrI, paoNinTara pablizarsa, jayapura, 1999, pRSTha 220-229. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, jayapura, 1990, pRSTha 6. 1971 kI janagaNanA riporTa se saMkalita. isa mandira ke Asa-pAsa ke AdivAsI bhIla - janasaMkhyA bahutAyata se rahatI hai| ve isakI pUjA 'kAlAjI bApajI' ke nAma se karate haiN| mUrti kAle raMga ke patthara kI hai| vistRta jAnakArI hetu dekheM- - DaoN. bRjakizora zarmA, parsapekTiasa oNna maoNrDana ikonaoNmika eNDa sozala hisTrI, pRSTha 59. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, khaNDa- eka, pRSTha 5-6. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 43-44. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, khaNDa-eka, pRSTha 9. vahI. isa saMgha meM 12,000 jaina - sAdhu sammilita the| Ara.esa. AyaMgara sTaDIja ina sAutha iNDiyana jainijma, madrAsa, 1922, pRSTha 105-106. vilAsa e. sAMgave, pUrvAkta, pRSTha 14. vahI, pRSTha 15. bhArata kI janagaNanA riporTa 1981 se saMgaNita. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jainadharma kA vRhad itihAsa, pRSTha 8. 0022 //// bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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khaNDa-dvitIya mahAvIrottara-yuga aura jainAcArya-paramparA tIrthaMkaroM, kevaliyoM evaM zrutakevaliyoM kI paramparA ke bAda zruta ke aMzadhAraka AcAryoM ne tIrthaMkaroM ke dvArA upadiSTa tattvajJAna ko surakSita evaM saMrakSita kiyaa| isa paramparA kA zrutalekhana ke rUpa meM saMrakSaNa paravartI AcArya-paramparA ne atyanta zrama evaM niSThApUrvaka kiyaa| isase spaSTa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke dvArA upadiSTa zruta kI paramparA hI inake dvArA Age pravartita huii| isa viSaya meM 'tiloyapaNNattI' kA yaha kathana mananIya hai mahAvIra-bhAsiyattho tassiM khettammi tattha kAle y| khAyovasayama-vivaDDhida-cauramala-maIhi punnnnenn|| loyAloyANa tahA jIvAjIvANa vivih-visyesu| saMdeha-NAsaNatthaM uvgd-siriviir-clnnmlenn|| vimale godamagotte AdegaNaM iNdbhuudi-nnaamenn| cauveda-pArageNaM sisseNa visuddhsiilenn|| bhAvasuda-pajjayehiM pariNada-madiNA a baarsNgaannN| cA~ddasapuvvANa tahA eNkkamuhutteNa vicaraNA vihido|| iya mUlataMtakatto sirivIro iNdbhuudi-vipp-vro| uvataMte kattAro aNutaMte ses-aairiyaa| NiNNaTTha-rAgadosA mahesiNo divvsuttkttaaro| kiM kAraNaM pabhaNidA kahiduM suttassa paamnnnnN|' arthAt tIrthaMkara mahAvIra arthakartA haiN| inake dvArA upadiSTa padArtha-svarUpa usI kSetra aura usI kAla meM jJAnAvaraNa ke vizeSa kSayopazama se vRddhi ko prApta nirmala cAra buddhiyoM se paripUrNa, loka-aloka aura jIvAjIvAdi vividha viSayoM meM utpanna huye sandeha ko naSTa karane vAle, zaraNAgata, nirmala 'gautama' gotra meM utpanna, prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga, tathA isIprakAra cAra vedoM athavA Rk, yaju, sAma aura atharva - ina cAroM vedoM meM pAraMgata, vizuddha zIla ke dhAraka, bhAvazrutarUpa paryAya se buddhi kI paripakvatA ko prApta 'indrabhUti' nAmaka ziSya arthAt 'gautama gaNadhara' ne eka muhUrta meM bAraha aMga aura caudaha pUrvo kI racanA kii| isaprakAra tIrthaMkara mahAvIra 'mUlataMtrakartA', indrabhUti gaNadhara 'upataMtrakartA' evaM zeSa AcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0023

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'anutaMtrakarttA' haiN| spaSTa hai ki vAGmaya ko mUrtarUpa dene kA sarvaprathama kArya indrabhUti gaNadhara ne hI kiyA hai| jisaprakAra sUrya kA Aloka prApta kara manuSya apane netroM se dUravarttI padArtha kA bhI avalokana kara letA hai, usIprakAra pUrvAcAryoM ke dvArA nibaddha jJAnasUrya kA Aloka prApta kara sUkSmAtisUkSma padArthoM kA bodha prApta hotA hai| 'harivaMzapurANa' meM bhI AgamataMtra ke mUlakarttA tIrthaMkara vardhamAna hI mAne gaye haiN| uttarataMtra ke racayitA gautama gaNadhara haiM aura uttarottarataMtra ke karttA aneka AcArya batAye gaye haiM / yahA~ yaha smaraNIya hai ki ye sabhI AcArya 'sarvajJa kI vANI ke anuvAdaka' hI haiN| ye apanI ora se aise kisI naye tathya kA pratipAdana nahIM karate, jo tIrthaMkara ko divyadhvani bahirbhUta ho / kevala tIrthaMkaroM dvArA pratipAdita tathyoM ko naye rUpa aura nayI zailI meM abhivyakta karate haiN| jaisAki kahA gayA hai : -- tathAhi mUlatantrasya kartA tIrthaMkaraH svayam tato'pyuttaratantrasya gautamAkhyo gaNAgraNIH // uttarottaratantrasya kartAro bahavaH kramAt / pramANaM te'pi naH sarve sarvajJoktyanuvAdinaH // 2 ataeva spaSTa hai ki zruta kA mUlakarttA tIrthaMkaroM ko hI mAnA gayA hai| uttarataMtrakarttA gaNadhara aura uttarottaratantrakarttA anya AcArya haiN| isa zrutajJAna kA saMrakSaNa evaM lipibaddhIkaraNa lokahita meM isaliye Avazyaka thA, kyoMki yaha zrutajJAna amRta ke samAna hitakArI hai, viSayavedanA se saMtapta prANI ke liye paramauSadhi hai, jaisA ki AcArya kundakunda ne kahA hai jiNavayaNamosahamiNaM visayasuha - vireyaNaM amidabhUdaM / jara - maraNa-vAhiharaNaM khayakaraNaM savva- dukkhANaM // 3 prANimAtra ke liye paramahitakArI isa 'zruta' kA nAmAntara ' Agama' ' bhI hai| isake anya nAmoM meM 'jinavANI' evaM 'sarasvatI' Adi nAma bhI AcAryoM ne prayukta kiye haiM / Agama kA svarUpa likhate huye AcArya somadeva ne kahA hai ki jo dharma, * artha, kAma aura mokSa ina cAra puruSArthoM kA avalambana lekara heya aura upAdeya rUpa se trikAlavartI padArthoM kA jJAna karAtA hai, use 'Agama' kahate haiN| tattvajJAtAoM kA abhimata hai ki Agama meM avirodherUpa se dravyoM, tattvoM aura guNa- paryAyoM kA kathana rahatA hai| likhA hai - heyopAdeyarUpeNa cturvrg-smaashryaat| kalitraya - gatAnarthAngamayAnnAgamaH smRtaH // yaha AgamajJAna pratyakSajJAna ke samAna hI pramANabhUta hai| jisaprakAra pratyakSajJAna 00 24 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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avisaMvAdI hone ke kAraNa pramANabhUta hai, usIprakAra AgamajJAna bhI apane viSaya meM avisaMvAdI hone ke kAraNa pramANa hai| svAmI samantabhadra ne kevalajJAna aura syAdvAdamaya zrutajJAna ko samasta padArthoM kA samAnarUpa se prakAzaka mAnA hai| donoM meM kevala pratyakSa aura parokSa kA hI antara hai-- syAdvAda - kevalajJAne sarvatattva - prkaashne| bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca hyavastvanyatamaM bhavet // isI tathya kI puSTi siddhAntacakravartI AcArya nemicandra ke kathana se bhI hotI hai-- sudakevalaM ca NANaM doNNavi sarisANi hoMti bohAdo / sudaNANaM tu parokkhaM paccakkhaM kevalaM gANaM // samasta dravya aura paryAyoM ko jAne kI apekSA zrutajJAna aura kevalajJAna donoM hI samAna haiN| antara itanA hai ki kevalajJAna dravya aura tattvoM ko pratyakSarUpa se jAnatA hai aura zrutajJAna parokSarUpa se / vistAra aura gahanatA kI dRSTi se donoM kA viSayakSetra tulya hI hai| 'zruta' yA 'Agama' ke bheda 4 'zruta' yA 'Agama' ke do bheda haiM 1. dravyazruta, aura 2. bhaavshrut| Apta ke upadezarUpa dvAdazAMgavANI ko 'dravyazruta' aura usase hone vAle jJAna ko ' bhAvazruta' kahate haiN| dUsare zabdoM meM isaprakAra kahA jA sakatA hai ki zabdarupazruta ko 'dravyazruta' aura usase hone vAle jJAnarupazruta ko 'bhAvazruta' kahA gayA hai| saMkSepa meM grantharUpa zruta ko 'dravyazruta' aura artharUpa zruta ko 'bhAvazruta' kahA gayA hai| grantharUpa dravyazruta ke mUlata: do bheda haiM 1. aMgabAhya, aura aMgapraviSTa / inameM se 'aMgapraviSTa' ke bAraha bheda haiM 1. AcArAMga, 2. sUtrakRtAMga, 3. sthAnAMga, 4. samavAyAMga, 5. vyAkhyAprajJapti, 6. jJAtRdharmakathA, 7. upAsakAdhyayanAMga, 9. antaHkRddazAMga, 9. anuttaropapAdika, 10. praznavyAkaraNAMga, 11. vipAkasUtrAMga, aura 12. dRssttivaadaaNg| isa zruta yA AgamajJAna ko puruSa ke zarIrAMga kI upamA dI gayI hai| jaise puruSa ke zarIra meM do paira, do jAMgha, do Uru, do hAtha, eka pITha, eka udara, eka chAtI aura eka mastaka ye bAraha aMga hote haiM, usI prakAra zrutajJAnarUpI puruSa ke bhI bAraha aMga haiN| tIrthaMkara apane divyajJAna dvArA padArthoM kA sAkSAtkAra kara bIjapadoM ke rUpa meM upadeza dete haiM, aura gaNadhara una bIjapadoM tathA unake artha kA avadhAraNa kara grantharUpa meM vyAkhyAna karate haiN| zrutajJAna kI paramparA anAdi - anavacchinna rUpa se calI A rahI hai| prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ke kAla meM zrutajJAna kI jo paramparA Arambha huI thI, vaha pArzvanAtha aura mahAvIra tIrthaMkara ke kAla meM bhI gatizIla rahI hai| - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 25

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isa dvAdazAMgI zruta ke parimANa evaM viSaya ke bAre meM DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI ne nimnAnusAra paricaya diyA hai 7 'AcArAMga' meM 19,000 padoM dvArA muniyoM ke AcAra kA varNana rahatA hai| arthAt muni ko kaise calanA cAhiye, kaise khar3A honA cAhiye, kaise baiThanA cAhiye, kaise sonA cAhiye, kaise bhojana karanA cAhiye aura kaise vArtAlApa karanA cAhiye ityAdi viSayoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| 'sUtrakRtAMga' meM 36,000 padoM dvArA jJAnavinaya, prajJApanA, kalpya - akalpya, chedopasthApanA Adi vyavahAradharma kI kriyAoM kA varNana hai, tathA isa aMga meM svasiddhAnta aura parasiddhAnta kathana bhI samAviSTa haiN| 'sthAnAMga' meM 42,000 pada hote haiN| isameM eka se lekara uttarottara eka-eka adhika sthAnoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA jAtA hai| 'samavAyAMga' meM 1,64,000 pada hote haiN| isameM dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAvarUpa samavAya kA citraNa kiyA gayA hai| isaprakAra samAnatA kI apekSA jIvAdi padArthoM ke samavAya kA varNana samavAyAMga meM upalabdha hotA hai| 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' aMga meM 2,28,000 pada hote hai / / isameM 60,000 praznoM dvArA jIva, ajIva Adi padArthoM kA vivecana kiyA jAtA hai| 'jJAtRdharmakathA' nAmaka aMga meM 5,56,000 pada hote haiN| isameM tIrthaMkaroM kI dharmadezanA, vividha praznottara evaM puNyapuruSoM ke AkhyAna varNita haiN| 'upAsakAdhyayana' aMga meM 11,70,000 pada haiM aura isameM zrAvakAcAra kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| 'antaHkRddazAMga' nAmaka aMga meM 23,28,000 pada haiN| isameM pratyeka tIrthaMkara ke tIrthakAla meM aneka prakAra ke dAruNa upasargoM ko sahana kara nirvANa prApta karanevAle dasa-dasa antaHkRta-kevaliyoM kA varNana hai| 'anuttaraupapAdikadazA' nAmaka aMga meM 92,44,000 pada haiM aura eka-eka tIrthaMkara ke tIrthakAla meM nAnAprakAra ke dAruNa-upasargoM ko sahana kara pA~ca anuttara - vimAnoM meM janma - grahaNa karane vAle dasa-dasa muniyoM kA caritra aMkita hai| 'praznavyAkaraNa' aMga meM AkSepa - pratyAkSepapUrvaka praznoM kA samAdhAna aMkita hai| prakArAntara se kaheM to AkSepaNI, vikSepaNI, saMvedinI aura nirvedinI ina cAra kathAoM kA vistRta varNana hai| - 'vipAkasUtra' aMga meM 1,84,00,000 pada haiN| isameM puNya aura pAparUpa karmoM kA phala bhoganevAle vyaktiyoM kA caritra nibaddha hai| 'utpAdapUrva' meM jIva, pudgala, kAla Adi dravyoM ke utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kA varNana hai| 'agrAyaNIyapUrva' meM sAta sau sunaya aura durnaya; chaH dravya, nau padArtha, evaM 00 26 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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paMcAstikAyoM kA varNana hai| 'vIryAnupravAha' meM AtmavIrya, paravIrya, ubhayavIrya, kSetravIrya, kAlavIrya, bhavavIrya aura tapavIrya kA varNana AyA hai / 'asti nAstipravAdapUrva' meM svarUpacatuSTaya kI apekSA samasta dravyoM ke astitva kA aura pararUpacatuSTaya kI apekSA unake nAstitva kA varNana hai| 'jJAnapravAdapUrva' meM pA~ca samyagjJAna aura tIna kujJAna ina ATha jJAnoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana hai| 'satyapravAdapUrva' meM dazaprakAra ke satyavacana, aneka prakAra ke asatyavacana aura bAraha prakAra kI bhASAoM kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| viSayavarNana kI dRSTi se Adhunika manovijJAna 'jJAnapravAda' aura 'satyapravAda' ke antargata haiN| 'AtmapravAdapUrva' meM nizcaya aura vyavahAra ina donoM nayoM kI apekSA jIva ke kartRtva, bhoktRtva, sUkSmatva, amUrttatva Adi kA vivecana kiyA hai| 'karmapravAdapUrva' meM AThoM karmoM ke svarUpa, kAraNa evaM bheda-prabhedoM kA citraNa kiyA hai| 'pratyAkhyAnapUrva' meM sAvadyavastu kA tyAga, upavAsa-vidhi, paMca-samiti, tIna gupti Adi kA varNana hai| 'vidyAnuvAdapUrva' meM sAta sau alpavidyAoM kA aura pA~ca sau mahAvidyAoM kA vivecana kiyA gayA hai, jinameM ATha mahAnimittoM kA viSaya bhI nibaddha hai| vartamAna sAmudrika zAstra, prazna, sUrya, candra, graha, tArAgaNa Adi ke cArakSetra, upapAdasthAna, gati, viparItagati aura unake phaloM kA nirUpaNa hai| jyotiSazAstra ke gaNita aura phalita donoM hI vibhAga isI pUrva ke arntagata haiN| 'prANAvAyapUrva' meM aSTAMga Ayurveda, bhUtikarma, viSavidyA evaM vibhinna prakAra ke bhautika viSayoM kA parijJAna sammilita hai| rasAyanazAstra aura bhautikazAstra sambandhI aneka siddhAnta bhI isa pUrva meM samAviSTa haiN| 'kriyAvizAlapUrva' meM bahattara chandazAstroM kA varNana hai / 'lokabindusAra' nAmaka pUrva meM ATha prakAra ke vyavahAra, cAra prakAra ke bIja, mokSa prApta karAnevAlI kriyAyeM evaM mokSa ke sukha kA varNana hai| ina chaH 'agrAyaNIya' meM pUrvAnta, aparAnta Adi caudaha prakaraNa the| inameM se paMcama prakaraNa kA nAma 'cayanalabdhi' thA, jisameM bIsa pAhuDa vidyamAna the| bIsa pAhuDoM meM se caturtha pAhuDa kA nAma 'karmaprakRti' thaa| isa 'karmaprakRtipAhuDa' ke kRti, vedanA Adi caubIsa anuyogadvAra the; jinakI viSayavastu ko grahaNa kara 'SaTkhaNDAgama' ke jIvaTThANa, khuddAbaMdha, baMdhasAmitta-vicaya, vedaNA, vaggaNA aura mahAbaMdha khaNDoM kI racanA huI hai| isakA kucha aMza 'samyaktvotpatti' nAmaka jIvasthAna kI AThavIM cUlikA ko bArahaveM aMga 'dRSTivAda' ke dvitIya bheda 'sUtra' se tathA 'gati-Agati' nAmaka navIM cUlikA kI 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' se utpanna batAyA gayA hai| isaprakAra vartamAna Agama - sAhitya kA sambandha 'dRSTivAda aMga' ke sAtha hai| 'dravyazruta' ke dUsare bheda ' aMgabAhya' ke caudaha bheda haiM 1. sAmAyika, 2. caturviMzatistava, 3. vandanA, 4. pratikramaNa, 5. vainayika, 6. kRtikarma, 7. dazavaikAlika, 8. uttarAdhyayana, 9. kalpavyavahAra, 10. kalpyAkalpya -- bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha -- 0027

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11. mahAkalpya, 12. puNDarIka, 13. mahApuNDarIka, aura 14. niSiddhikA / 'sAmAyika' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM nAma, sthApanA, dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva-sambandhI caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM kI vandanA karane kI vidhi, unake nAma, saMsthAna, utsedha, pA~ca mahAkalyANaka, cauMtIsa atizaya Adi kA varNana hai| 'vandanA' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM eka tIrthaMkara aura usa tIrthaMkara - sambandhI jinAlayoM, vandanA karane kI vidhi evaM phala kA citraNa hai| 'pratikramaNa' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM daivasika, rAtrika, pAkSika, cAturmAsika, sAMvatsarika, IryApathika aura auttamArthika ina sAta prakAra ke pratikramaNoM kA varNana AyA hai| pramAda se lage huye doSoM kA nirAkaraNa karanA 'pratikramaNa' hai| 'vainayika' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM jJAnavinaya, darzanavinaya, cAritravinaya, tapavinaya aura upacAravinaya Adi kA vizada varNana hai| 'kRtikarma' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM arihanta, siddha, AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu kI pUjAvidhi kA varNana hai| 'dazavaikAlika' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM sAdhuoM ke AcAra, vihAra evaM paryaTana Adi kA varNana hai| 'uttarAdhyayana' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM cAra prakAra ke upasarga aura bAIsa pariSahoM ke sahana karane kA vidhAna evaM unake sahana karanevAloM ke jIvanavRtta kA varNana rahatA hai| RSiyoM ke karane yogya jo vyavahAra haiM, usa vyavahAra se skhalita ho jAne para prAyazcita karanA hotA hai| isa prAyazcita kA varNana 'kalpavyavahAra' meM rahatA hai| 'kalpyAkalpaya' meM sAdhu aura asAdhuoM ke AcaraNIya aura tyAjya vyavahAra kA varNana pAyA jAtA hai| dIkSAgrahaNa, zikSA, AtmasaMskAra, sallekhanA aura uttama kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kA Azraya lekara 'mahAkalpya' nAmaka aMgabAhya kathana karatA hai| 'puNDarIka' nAmaka aMgabAhya meM bhavanavAsI, vyantara, jyotiSI, kalpavAsI evaM vaimAnika-sambandhI deva, indra, sAmAnika Adi meM utpatti ke kAraNabhUta dAna, pUjA, zIla, tapa, upavAsa aura akAmanirjarA kA tathA unake upapAda-sthAna aura bhavanoM kA utpatti ke kAraNabhUta tapa aura upavAsa Adi kA varNana hai / 'niSiddhikA' meM aneka prakAra kI prAyazcita - vidhiyoM kA kathana AyA hai| - isaprakAra 'aMgapraviSTa' aura 'aMgabAhya' ke antargata Adhunika sabhI viSayoM kA samAveza to hotA hI hai, sAtha hI AdhyAtmika bhAvanA, karmabandha kI vidhi aura phala, karmoM ke saMkramaNa Adi ke kAraNa, vibhinna dArzanika carcAyeM, mata-matAntara, jyotiSa, Ayurveda, gaNita, bhautikazAstra, AcArazAstra, sRSTi- utpatti - vidyA, bhUgola evaM paurANika mAnyatAoM kA parijJAna bhI ukta zruta yA Agama se prApta hotA hai| Agama kA yaha viSaya - vistAra itanA saghana aura vistRta hai ki isakI jAnakArI se vyakti zrutakevalI - pada prApta karatA hai| jJAna yA Agama ke viSaya kA parijJAna kisaprakAra aura kisa vidhi se sambhava hotA hai. * isakA varNana bhI pUrvokta AgamagranthoM meM AyA hai-- - OO 28 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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kevalaNANI ya aMtimajiNaNivvANe godama- muNiMdo / bArahavAse ya gaNI sudhammasAmI ya saMjAdo // 1 // taha bArahavAse puNa saMjAdo jaMbusAmi muNiNAho / aThatIsa - vAsa- rahiyo kevalaNANI ya ukkiTTho // 2 // bAsaThi kevalavAse tihi muNI godama-sudhamma- jambU ya bAraha - bAraha do jaNa tiya dugahINaM ca cAlIsaM // 3 // sudakevali paMca- jaNA bAsaThi vAse gade susaMjAdA / paDhamaM caudaha- vAsaM viNhukumAraM muNedavvaM // 4 // supuvvaharA / jAdA // 7 // dimitta vAsa - solaha tiya aparAjiya vAsa vAvIsaM / iga- hINa-vIsa vAsaM govaddhaNa bhaddabAhu sada sudakevalaNANI paMca jaNA viNhu - aparAjiya-govaddhaNa taha bhaddabAhU ya sada-vAsaTThi-suvAse gade su uppaNNa daha sada-tirAsi-vAsANi ya egAraha muNivarA Ayariya visAkha- poTThala- khattiya - jayaseNa - NAgaseNa muNI / siddhattha dhitti vijayaM buhiliMga deva dhammaseNaM // 8 // daha ugaNIsa ya sattara ikavIsa aTThAraha sattara / aTThAraha teraha vIsa caudaha codasa ( solaha ) kameNeyaM // 9 // aMtima jiNa- NivvANe tiyasaya- paNa cAlavAsa jAdesu / gAdahaMgadhAri ya paMca jaNA muNivarA jAdA // 10 // Nakkhatto jayapAlaga paMDava dhuvaseNa kaMsa AyariyA / aTThAraha vIsavAsaM guNacAlaM coda-battIsaM // 11 // sada-tevIsa-bA egAdaha - aMgadharA jAdA / vAsaM sattANavadi ya dasaMga - Nava- aMga- aTThadharA // 12 // subhaddaM ca jasobhaddaM bhaddabAhu kameNa c| lohAcariya- muNIsaM ca kahidaM ca jiNAgametaccaM // 13 // chaha-aTThAraha-vAse tevIsa vAvaNa (paNAsa ) vAsa muNiNAhaM / dasa Nava aTThagadharA vAsa dusadavIsa saddhe // 14 // paMcasaye paNasaThe aMtima - jiNa-samaya- jAdesu / uppaNA paMca jaNA eyaMgadhArI muNedavvA // 15 // ahivalli mAghaNaMdi ya dharaseNaM pupphadaMta bhUdabalI / aThavIsaM DhagavIsa igaNIsaM tIsa vIsa vAsa puNo // 16 // igasaya aThAra - vAse eyaMgadhArI ya muNivarA jAdA / chasaya-tirAsiya- vAse NivvANA aMgadditti kahida jiNe // 17 // 8 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha guNatIsaM // 5 // dimitto ya / saMjAdA // 6 // 00 29

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mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt tIrthaMkara-paramparA samApta ho gaI thii| unake nirvANa ke pazcAt jainadharma ke mukhiyA va saMrakSakoM ke rUpa meM gaNadharoM kI mukhya bhUmikA rahI thii| gaNadharoM ke pazcAt jainAcAryoM kI eka nirantara calI A rahI AcArya paramparA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt kitane hI prasiddha AcArya, muni evaM bhaTTAraka huye haiM jinhoMne apane sadAcAra aura sadvicAroM se na kevala jaina-samAja ko anuprANita kiyA, balki apanI amara lekhanI dvArA bhAratIya sAhitya ko samRddha bnaayaa| Aja taka yaha paramparA apane samRddharUpa meM calI A rahI hai| pArzvanAtha ke pazcAt mahAvIra svAmI ne pUre saMgha ko cAra zreNiyoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thaa| ye cAra zreNiyAM kramazaH muni, AryikA, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA thiiN| saMgha meM muni, AryikA, sAdhu-varga sammilita the; jabaki zrAvaka evaM zrAvikA gRhastha the| nirgrantha rahakara tapasAdhanA karanevAloM ko 'AcArya' va 'muni' pada diyA gyaa| 'AryikA' yadyapi vastradhArI hotI haiM, jo unakI zarIra kI sthiti ko dekhakara chUTa dI gaI hai| isI kAraNa se unheM upacAra se 'mahAvratI' kahA gayA hai| mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt unakI saMgha-vyavasthA yathAvat calatI rhii| unake nirvANa ke pazcAt prathama gaNadhara gautama svAmI ne jaina-saMgha ko netRtva pradAna kiyaa| inhoMne 12 varSa taka saMgha ke mukhiyA ke rUpa meM adhyAtma-sAdhanA karate huye nirvANa-pada prApta kiyaa| eka paTTAvalI ke anusAra mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt nimna prakAra kevalI, zrutakevalI evaM aMgadhArI AcArya hote rhe| kevalI kAla tIna kevalajJAnadhArI 1. gautama svAmI 12 varSa 2. sudharmA svAmI 12 varSa 3. jambU svAmI 38 varSa 62 varSa --ina tInoM kevalI-bhagavantoM ne 62 varSoM taka utkRSTa sAdhanA ke dvArA jagat ko mahAvIra ke sadRza kevalajJAna prAptakara upadezAmRta kA pAna karAyA aura phira nirvANa prApta kiyaa| pA~ca zrutakevalI' 1. viSNunandi 14 varSa 2. nandipriya 16 varSa 3. aparAjita 22 varSa 4. govardhana . 19 varSa 5. bhadrabAhu svAmI 29 varSa 100 varSa --ye pA~ca AcArya kevalajJAna ke sthAna para pUrNa-zrutajJAna hI prApta kara ske| isaliye 0030 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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19 varSa 17 varSa ye 'zrutakevalI' khlaaye| isameM bhadrabAhu svAmI antima zrutakevalI the| dasa pUrvadhArI AcArya 1. vizAkhAcArya 10 varSa 2. proSThilAcArya 3. kSatriyAcArya 17 varSa 4. jayasenAcArya 21 varSa 5. nAgasenAcArya 18 varSa 6. siddhArthAcArya 7. dhRtisenAcArya 18 varSa 8. vijayAcArya 9. bRddhiliMgAcArya 20 varSa 10. devAcArya 14 varSa 11. dharmasenAcArya 16 varSa 183 varSa isaprakAra 183 varSoM meM 11 AcArya huye, jo gyAraha aMga aura dasa pUrvadhArI AgamavettA the| ye na to kevalI the aura na hI zrutakevalI, phira bhI ye AgamazAstroM ke adhikAMza bhAga ke jJAtA the| __inake pazcAt jJAna kA aura hrAsa ho gayA aura 123 varSoM meM pA~ca AcArya kevala gyAraha aMgoM ke jJAtA hI raha gye| 1. nakSatrAcArya 2. janasAlAcArya 20 varSa 3. pANDavAcArya 39 varSa 4. dhruvasenAcArya 14 varSa 5. kaMsAcArya 32 varSa 62 varSa smRtikSINatA evaM ekAgratA kI uttarottara kamI ke kAraNa jJAna kA barAbara hrAsa hotA gayA aura phira dazAMga, navAMga evaM aSTama aMgadhArI hote rhe| aise AcAryoM meM mAtra cAra AcArya huye, jinake nAma nimnaprakAra haiM1. subhadrAcArya 6 varSa 2. yazobhadrAcArya 18 varSa 3. AcArya bhadrabAhu 23 varSa 4. lohAcArya 50 varSa 97 varSa 18 varSa bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0031

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aura 118 varSoM meM pA~ca ekAMgadhArI AcArya huye, jinake nAma nimnaprakAra haiM 1. AcArya arhadbali 28 varSa 2. AcArya mAghanandi 21 varSa 3. AcArya dharasena 19 varSa 4. AcArya puSpadanta 30 varSa 5. AcArya bhUtabali 20 varSa 118 varSa inameM antima tIna AcAryoM meM AcArya dharasena ne apane avaziSTa AgamajJAna ko AcArya bhUtabali aura puSpadanta ko dakSiNa se bulAkara pradAna kiyA aura AgamajJAna ke eka aMgajJAna ko naSTa hone se bacA liyaa| isaprakAra mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt 643 varSoM taka AcArya-paramparA calatI rhii| isa AcArya-paramparA ne jaina-saMgha ko apane pAralaukika jJAna se Age bddh'aayaa| ina AcAryoM ke pazcAt IsA kI 14vIM zatAbdI taka mahAvIra kI nirgrantha-paramparA meM aneka AcArya evaM munigaNa hote rahe, jinhoMne apanI sAdhanA, tapasyA evaM jJAna-zakti ke mAdhyama se bhAratavarSa meM ahiMsA, anekAnta evaM aparigrahavAda ke siddhAMta ko pracArita kiyaa| ina 643 varSoM meM Agama-zAstra ke jJAtA AcAryoM kA bAhulya rhaa| aneka bAra Agama ke jJAtA AcAryoM kI carcAyeM itanI gahana va kliSTa hotI thIM, jo sAmAnyajana ke samajha se pare hotI thiiN| aisI sthiti meM sAmAnyajana ko upayogArtha sIdhI-sAdI bhASA meM likhe granthoM kI mAMga hone lgii| isakI pUrti ke lie vikrama saMvat kI prathama sadI meM AcArya guNadhara ne zruta kA vinAza ho jAne ke bhaya se 'kasAyapAhuDa' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa siddhAMta-grantha prAkRta-gAthAoM meM nibaddha kiyaa|11 prAkRta isa yuga kI janabhASA thii| isI yuga meM paidA huye AcArya kundakunda ko jaina-AcAryoM meM mukhya sthAna prApta hai| ye jainadharma ke mahAn prabhAvazAlI AcArya the| __AcArya kundakunda ne 84 pAhuDa-granthoM kI prAkRtabhASA meM racanA karake eka abhUtapUrva kArya kiyA aura deza evaM samAja ko, zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAoM, muniyoM evaM AryikAoM sabhI ke liye upayogI sAhitya kA sRjana kiyaa| unake granthoM kI jitanI TIkAyeM likhI gaIM, utanI kisI anya AcArya ke granthoM para nahIM milatI haiN|12| AcArya kundakunda ke pazcAt AcArya gaddhapiccha, umAsvAmI, samantabhadra, siddhasena, devanandi, pAtrakesarI Adi pacAsoM AcArya eka ke bAda dUsare hote gaye tathA dharma va saMskRti ko apane jJAna se pallavita karate rhe| sAtavIM zatAbdI ke akalaMka nAma ke AcArya bahuta prasiddha huye| ye jainanyAya ke pratiSThAtA the, tathA prakANDa paMDita, dhuraMdhara zAstrArthI aura utkRSTa vicAraka the| jainanyAya ko inhoMne jo rUpa diyA, use 00 32 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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hI uttarakAlIna jaina granthakAroM ne apnaayaa| bauddhoM ke sAtha inakA khUba saMgharSa rhaa| ye svAmI samantabhadra ke dvArA pravartita jaina - nyAya- paramparA ke suyogya uttarAdhikArI the| inhoMne unake 'AptamImAMsA' grantha para 'aSTazazatI' nAmaka bhASya kI racanA kI thii| 13 DaoN. kAsalIvAla dvArA prastuta kI gaI pramukha AcArya - aNukramaNikA ke anusAra 13vIM zatAbdI taka 122 prabhAvazAlI AcArya huye, jinhoMne samAja aura donoM ke pracAra-prasAra meM yogadAna diyA / 14 -- uparokta AcArya grantha-lekhana meM samarpita rahate the| isI paramparA meM 9vIM sadI meM AcArya jinasena huye, jinhoMne 'harivaMza - purANa' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| unake 'harivaMza purANa' se samAja meM kRSNa-kathA kA vyApaka pracAra huA aura 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA jIvana lokapriya bana gayA / 15 isake pazcAt AcArya vIrasena ke ziSya eka anya AcArya jinasena huye, jo vizAla buddhi ke dhAraka, kavi, vidvAn aura sAhityakAra the| jinasena ke ziSya the AcArya guNabhadra, jinhoMne apane guru ke liye likhA hai ki "jisaprakAra himAlaya se gaMgA kA udaya aura udayAcala se sUrya kA udaya hotA hai, usIprakAra vIrasena se jinasena kA udaya huA hai|" 'AdipurANa' kA antima bhAga evaM 'uttara - purANa' kI racanA karake unhoMne purANa- jagat meM eka abhUtapUrva kArya kiyaa| ye kArya jaina-jagat ke bhaviSya ke liye varadAna siddha huaa| jinasenAcArya ne 'mahApurANa' likhane kA saMkalpa kiyA, kintu use pUrA nahIM kara pAye / 'mahApurANa' meM caubIsa (24) tIrthaMkaroM ke jIvana kA pUrA varNana milatA hai| 16 inakI mRtyu ke pazcAt inake ziSya guNabhadrAcArya ne 'mahApurANa' ke lekhana kA kArya pUrA kiyaa| 17 AcArya jinasena ke guru vIrasena the, jinhoMne 'chakkhaMDAgamasutta' ke prathama skaMdha kI cAroM vibhaktiyoM para 'dhavalA' nAma kI 20 hajAra zlokapramANa TIkA likhane kA zreya prApta kiyaa| isake pazcAt AcArya jinasena ne use pUrA kiyaa| tInoM hI guru-ziSyoM arthAt vIrasena, AcArya jinasena evaM AcArya guNabhadra ne jitanA adhika sAhitya kA sRjana kiyA, vaha apane Apa meM anUThA hai| 18 9vIM zatAbdI meM mahAvIrAcArya huye, jinhoMne 'gaNitasAra' likhakara gaNita - sAhitya meM eka abhUtapUrva racanA prastuta kii| isake pazcAt apabhraMza-kAla Arambha huA aura joindu, svayaMbhU, puSpadanta, vIra, nayanandi, evaM raidhU jaise kavi huye, jinhoMne apabhraMza - sAhitya kA praNayana karake janasAmAnya ko bolacAla kI bhASA meM kAvya, purANa evaM caritra - pradhAna sAhitya upalabdha kraayaa| 19 DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI jyotiSAcArya digambara- ArAtIya-AcArya - paramparA ko nimnalikhita pA~ca bhAgoM meM vibhakta karake unakA kathana kiyA hai20 1. zrutadharAcArya, 2. sArasvatAcArya, 3. prabuddhAcArya, 4. paramparApoSakAcArya, evaM 5. AcArya tulya kavi aura lekhaka bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 33

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1. zrutadharAcArya _ 'zrutadharAcArya' se abhiprAya una AcAryoM se hai, jinhoMne siddhAnta-sAhitya. karma-sAhitya, adhyAtma-sAhitya kA grathana digambara-AcAryoM ke cAritra aura guNoM kA jIvana meM nirvAha karate huye kiyA hai| vaise to prathamAnuyoga, karaNAnuyoga, caraNAnuyoga aura dravyAnuyoga kA pUrva-paramparA ke AdhAra para grantharUpa meM praNayana karane kA kArya sabhI AcArya karate rahe haiN| para kevalI aura zrutakevaliyoM kI paramparA meM jo aMga yA pUrvo ke ekadezajJAtA AcArya huye haiM, unakA itivRtta zrutadhara-AcAryoM kI paramparA ke antargata prastuta kiyA jaayegaa| ataeva ina AcAryoM meM guNadhara, dharasena, puSpadanta, bhUtabali, yativRSabha, uccAraNAcArya, AryabhakSu, nAgahasti, kundakunda, gRddhapicchAcArya aura bappadeva kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| 'zrutadharAcArya' yugasaMsthApaka aura yugAntarakArI AcArya haiN| inhoMne pratibhA ke kSINa hone para naSTa hotI huI zrutaparamparA ko mUrtarUpa dene kA kArya kiyA hai| yadi zrutadharAcArya isaprakAra kA prayAsa nahIM karate, to Aja jo jinavANI avaziSTa hai, vaha dikhalAyI nahIM pdd'tii| zrutadharAcArya digambara-AcAryoM ke mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM se yukta the aura paramparA ko jIvita rakhane kI dRSTi se ve grantha-praNayana meM saMlagna rahate the| zruta kI yaha paramparA 'arthazruta' aura 'dravyazruta' ke rUpa meM IsApUrva kI zatAbdiyoM se Arambha hokara IsA kI caturtha-paMcama zatAbdI taka calatI rahI hai| ataeva zrutadhara-paramparA meM karmasiddhAnta, lokAnuyoga evaM sUtrarUpa meM aisA nibaddha-sAhitya, jisa para uttarakAla meM TIkAyeM, vivRttiyA~ evaM bhASya likhe gaye haiM, kA nirUpaNa samAviSTa rhegaa| pramukha aura prabhAvaka zrutadharAcAryoM kA vivaraNa nimnalikhita haiAcArya guNadhara zrutadharAcAryoM kI paramparA meM sarvaprathama AcArya 'guNadhara' kA nAma AtA hai| 'guNadhara' aura 'dharasena' donoM hI zruta-pratiSThApaka ke rUpa meM prasiddha haiN| 'jayadhavalA' ke maMgalAcaraNa ke padya se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya guNadhara ne 'kasAyapAhuDa' kA gAthAoM dvArA vyAkhyAna kiyA hai jeNiha kasAyapAhuDamaNeya-NayamujjalaM annNttthN| gAhAhi viracidaM taM guNaharabhaDArayaM vNde|| 6 // vIrasena AcArya ke anusAra AcArya guNadhara pUrvavidoM kI paramparA meM sammilita the| eka anya pramANa se yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki guNadhara aise samaya meM huye the, jaba pUrvo ke AMzika jJAna meM utanI kamI nahIM AI thI, jitanI kamI AcArya dharasena ke 0034 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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samaya meM A gaI thii| ataH AcArya guNadhara AcArya dharasena se pUrvavartI haiN| inake guru Adi ke sambandha meM koI jAnakArI prApta nahIM hotI hai| ataH AcArya guNadhara kA samaya vikramapUrva prathama zatAbdI mAnanA sarvathA ucita hai| unakI racanA 'kasAyapAhuDa' hai, jisakA dUsarA nAma 'pejjadosapAhuDa' bhI hai| bhASA kI dRSTi se bhI 'chakkhaMDAgama' se 'kasAyapAhuDa' kI bhASA aprAcIna hai| 16,000 pada-pramANa 'kasAyapAhuDa' ke viSaya ko saMkSepa meM eka sau assI gAthAoM meM hI upasaMhRta kara diyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki 'kasAyapAhuDa' kI zailI gAthAsUtra-zailI hai evaM AcArya guNadhara digambara-paramparA ke sarvaprathama sUtrakAra haiN| AcArya dharasena dhavalAgraMtha ke anusAra 'chakkhaMDAgama' viSaya ke jJAtA 'AcArya dharasena' the| saurASTra deza ke 'girinagara' (giranAra) kI 'candraguphA' meM rahane vAle aSTAMga-mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI, pravacanavatsala the| aMgazruta ke viccheda ke bhaya se unhoMne 'puSpadanta' aura 'bhUtabali' nAma ke do ziSyoM ko apane aMgazruta kI zikSA dI thii| AcArya dharasena ke guru kA nAma yadyapi patA nahIM calatA; tathApi zrutAvatAra meM 'arhadbali', 'mAghanandi' aura 'dharasena' - ina tInoM AcAryoM kA ullekha milane ke kAraNa ina tInoM meM paraspara guru-ziSya-sambandha kI saMbhAvanA kI jAtI hai| abhilekhIya pramANa ke AdhAra para dharasena kA samaya IsApUrva kI prathama zatAbdI AtA hai| AcArya dharasena siddhAntazAstra ke jJAtA the| inake viSaya meM 'SaTkhaNDAgama'-TIkA se jo tathya upalabdha hote haiM, unase aisA jJAta hotA hai ki dharasenAcArya mantra-tantra ke bhI jJAtA the| 'dhavalATIkA' meM bhI 'yoniprAbhRta' nAmaka mantrazAstra-sambandhI inake eka anya grantha kA nirdeza milatA hai| unake bAre meM dhavalATIkA se yaha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai ki - dharasena sabhI aMga aura pUrvo ke ekadeza jJAtA, aSTAMga-mahAnimitta ke pAragAmI, lekhanakalA meM pravINa, mantra-tantra Adi zAstroM ke vettA, 'mahAkammapayaDipAhuDa' ke vettA, pravacana aura zikSaNa dene kI kalA meM paTu, pravacanavatsala, praznottarazailI meM zaMkAsamAdhAnapUrvaka zikSA dene meM kuzala, mahanIya viSaya ko saMkSepa meM prastuta karane ke jJAtA, agrAyaNIyapUrva ke paMcama vastu ke caturtha prAbhRta ke vyAkhyAnakartA evaM paThana, ciMtana va ziSya-udbodhana kI kalA meM pAraMgata the| AcArya puSpadanta 'AcArya puSpadanta' aura 'AcArya bhUtabali' kA nAma sAtha-sAtha milatA hai| prAkRtapaTTAvalI ke anusAra AcArya puSpadanta AcArya bhUtabali se jyeSTha mAne jAte haiN| parantu donoM hI AcAryoM ne AcArya dharasena ke sAnnidhya se zruta kI zikSA prApta kI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0035

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thii| zikSA-samApti ke uparAnta sundara daMtapakti ke kAraNa unakA nAma 'puSpadanta' rakhA gyaa| dhavalATIkA meM bhI puSpadanta ke nAma kA isa prakAra ullekha hai "avarassa vi bhUdehi pUjidassa atthaviyattha-TThiya-daMta-paMtimosAmiya bhUdehi' samIkaya-daMtassa 'pupphadaMto' tti NAmaM kdN|" arthAt devoM ne pUjA kara jinakI astavyasta daMtapaMktiyoM ko ThIka kara sundara banA diyA, unakI dharasena bhaTTAraka ne 'puSpadanta' saMjJA dii| naMdisaMgha kI prAkRtapaTTAvalI ke anusAra puSpadanta bhUtabali se pUrvavartI the| unake anusAra inakA samaya IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI ke lagabhaga honA caahiye| AcArya puSpadanta ke vaiziSTya ke rUpa meM yaha tathya jJAtavya hai ki 'SaTakhaMDAgama' kA AraMbha AcArya puSpadanta ne kiyA hai| puSpadanta 'mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta' ke acche jJAtA evaM usake vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM prasiddha rahe haiN| yadyapi sUtroM ke racayitAoM kA nAma nahIM milatA hai; para dhavalATIkA ke AdhAra para 'satprarUpaNA' ke sUtroM ke racayitA puSpadanta haiN| puSpadanta ne anuyogadvAra aura prarUpaNAoM ke vistAra ko anubhava kara hI sUtroM kI racanA prArambha kI hogii| AcArya bhUtabali AcArya 'puSpadanta' ke sAtha AcArya 'bhUtabali' ne bhI samAnakAla meM AcArya 'dharasena' se siddhAnta-viSaya kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| taduparAnta unhoMne 'aMkalezvara' meM cAturmAsa samApta kara 'dravir3a' deza meM sUtra kA nirmANa kiyaa| zravaNabelagola ke eka zilAlekha meM puSpadanta ke sAtha bhUtabali ko bhI 'arhadbali kA ziSya' kahA hai| isa kathana se aisA jJAta hotA hai ki bhUtabali ke dIkSAguru 'arhadbali' aura zikSAguru 'dharasenAcArya' rahe hoNge| ___bhUtabali ke vyaktitva aura jJAna ke sambandha meM 'dhavalAgrantha' meM yaha batAyA gayA hai ki "bhUtabali bhaTTAraka asaMbaddha bAta nahIM kaha skte| ataH mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRtarUpI amRtapAna se unakA samasta rAga-dveSa-moha dUra ho gayA hai|" jisase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki bhUtabali 'mahAkarmaprakRtiprAbhRta' ke pUrNajJAtA the| isaliye unake dvArA racita siddhAntagrantha sarvathA nirdoSa aura arthapUrNa hai| bhUtabali kA samaya bhI IsApUrva prathama zatAbdI kA antima caraNa mAnA jAtA hai| ___ 'indranandi' ne apane 'zrutAvatAra' meM yaha likhA hai ki bhUtabali AcArya ne SaTkhaNDAgama kI racanA kara use grantharUpa meM nibaddha kiyA thaa| zrutAvatAra se isa grantha ke bAre meM yaha jAnakArI milatI hai ki AcArya puSpadanta ne 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI rUparekhA nirdhArita kara satprarUpaNA-sUtroM kI racanA kI thI aura zeSa-bhAga ko bhUtabali ne samApta kiyA thaa| 0036 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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AcArya kundakunda mUlatattvajJAna ko surakSita rakhate huye ukta samasta ADambaroM kA do-TUka nirAkaraNapUrvaka samAja ko adhyAtma-dRSTi evaM nirdoSa AcaraNa-paddhati kA atyaMta prabhAvazAlI DhaMga se nirUpaNa kara AcArya kundakunda ne mUla digambara jaina-AmnAya kI rakSA hI nahIM kI, apitu usakI atyaMta spaSTa vyAkhyA bhI prastuta kI hai| isaprakAra zraddhA, jJAna evaM AcaraNa - ina tInoM kSetroM meM sahI arthoM meM abhUtapUrva 'yuga-pravartaka' AcArya the| unake isa garimAmaya vyaktitva kA akhaMDa prabhAva Aja bhI banA huA hai, tathA Aja bhI jaina-paramparA AcArya kundakunda ke nAma se pahacAnI evaM pramANita kI jAtI hai, aura isI kAraNa unheM zAsananAyaka tIrthaMkara mahAvIra svAmI, zrutakartA gautama gaNadhara ke nAma se maMgalarUpa meM sAdara smaraNa kiyA gayA hai___ "maMgalaM bhagavado vIro, maMgalaM gaudamo gnnii| maMgalaM koNDakuMdAirio, jeNhaM dhammo'tthu mNglN||" AcArya kundakunda AMdhrapradeza ke 'anantapura' jile kI 'guTi' tahasIla meM sthita kauNDakundapura (kauNDakundI) nAmaka grAma, joki usa samaya atyaMta samRddha nagara thA, ke nagaraseTha guNakIrti kI dharmaparAyaNA patnI zAMtalA ke garbha meM putra ke rUpa meM utpanna huye| garbhakAla pUrNa kara IsApUrva 108 ke zArvarI saMvatsara ke mAgha mAsa ke zuklapakSa kI paMcamI tithi ke dina eka tejasvI bAlaka kA janma huaa| guNakIrti evaM zAMtalA kA lADalA vahI bAlaka bar3A hokara yugapradhAna AcArya kundakunda bnaa| cU~ki garbhadhAraNa ke pUrva mA~ zAMtalA ne svapna meM candramA kI cA~danI dekhI thI, ataeva bAlaka kA nAma 'padmaprabha' rakhA gyaa| ___bAlaka padmaprabha ne gyArahaveM varSa meM praveza kiyA, tabhI aSTAMga-mahAnimitta ke jJAtA AcArya 'AcArya anantavIrya' kauNDakundI grAma meM padhAre evaM usa bAlaka ko dekhakara bole ki "yaha bAlaka mahAn tapasvI evaM paramapratApI saMta hogA, tathA jaba taka jaina-paramparA rahegI, isa kAla meM isakA nAma amara rhegaa|" munirAja kI yaha vANI saphala siddha huI, tathA usa alpAyu meM hI vaha bAlaka ghara-bAra ko tyAgakara nagna digambara-zramaNa ke rUpa meM dIkSita ho gyaa| dIkSA ke bAda unakA nAma padmanaMdi prasiddha huA, tathA naMdi-saMgha kI paTTAvali ke anusAra AtmavettA AcArya jinacandra inake dIkSAguru pratIta hote haiN| ___ 'muni' pada para lagabhaga taiMtIsa varSa taka nirantara jJAnArAdhanA evaM vairAgyarasa se otaprota tapa:sAdhanApUrvaka digambara jainazramaNa kI kaThina caryA kA nirdoSa pAlana karate huye IsApUrva 64 meM mArgazIrSa kRSNa aSTamI, guruvAra ke dina caturvidha-saMgha ne inheM 44 varSa kI Ayu meM AcArya-pada para pratiSThita kiyaa| isa pada para rahate huye caturvidha-saMgha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0037

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ke nAyaka hokara graMtha-nirmANa evaM anya anekoM punIta kAryoM ke dvArA samAja evaM rASTra ko naI dizA pradAna karate huye 95 varSa, 10 mAha evaM 15 dina kI dIrghAyu vyatIta kara IsApUrva 12 meM Apane samAdhimaraNa-pUrvaka svargArohaNa kiyaa| yaha nirvivAda tathya hai ki AcArya kundakunda kA mUla dIkSAnAma 'padmanandi' thA tathA koNDakuNDapura ke vAsI hone ke kAraNa inakA nAma 'koNDakunda' hI adhika pracalita huaa| sambhavataH aisA pratIta hotA hai ki usa samaya padmanandri nAma ke aura bhI munirAja, AcArya rahe hoMge, ataH "kauna-se padmanandi?" - aise prazna ke uttarasvarUpa 'koNDakuMDapura vAle' - aisA pracalana rahA hogaa| phira dhIre-dhIre unakA yahI nAma adhika pracalita ho gyaa| prAcIna zilAlekhoM meM unakA nAma 'koNDakuNDa' athavA 'koNDakunda' hI milatA hai, jo bAda meM 'kuNDakunda' aura phira 'kundakunda' bana gyaa| prApta ullekhoM ke anusAra AcArya kundakunda ne caurAsI (84) pAhuDa-graMthoM kI racanA kI thii| inameM se adhikAMza racanAyeM Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| DaoN. e.ena. upAdhye ne aise 43 pAhuDa-graMthoM ke nAma khoje haiM, jo AcArya kundakunda ke dvArA likhita mAne gaye haiM, kintu inameM se koI bhI prApta nahIM hotaa| Aja upalabdha kundakunda-sAhitya meM mAtra caudaha graMtha hI aise haiM, jo nirvivAdarUpa se AcArya kundakunda kI racanAoM ke rUpa meM mAne jAte haiN| ve haiM - 1. samayasAra, 2. pavayaNasAra, 3. NiyamasAra, 4. paMcatthikAyasaMgaho, 5. daMsaNapAhuDa, 6. carittapAhuDa, 7. suttapAhuDa, 8. bodhapAhuDa, 9. bhAvapAhuDa, 10. mokkhapAhuDa, 11. liMgapAhuDa, 12. sIlapAhuDa, 13 bArasaaNuvekkhA evaM 14. bhattisaMgaho (isameM siddhabhakti Adi ATha bhaktiyA~ saMgrahIta hai)| inake atirikta 'SaTkhaMDAgama' ke prathama do khaMDoM para racita 'parikarma' nAmaka TIkA', "tirukkurala' nAmaka nItigraMtha, 'mUlAcAra' evaM 'rayaNasAra' Adi graMtha bhI kundakunda ke dvArA racita mAne jAte haiM; kintu isa bAre meM sabhI vidvAnoM kA eka mata nahIM hai| AcArya AryamaMkSu aura AcArya nAgahasti ina donoM AcAryoM kA nAma digambara evaM zvetAmbara - donoM paramparAoM meM pratiSThita hai| dhavalATIkA meM ina donoM ko 'mahAzramaNa' aura 'mahAvAcaka' likhA gayA hai| usa lekhana se yaha spaSTa hai 'AryamaMkSu' aura 'nAgahasti' hI 'mahAzramaNa' aura 'mahAvAcaka' padoM se vibhUSita the, jo unakI siddhAnta-viSayaka jJAna-garimA kA paricAyaka hai| 'jayadhavalATIkA' ke maMgalAcaraNa ke padya 7-8 meM vIrasena AcArya ne likhA hai ki jina AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti ne guNadhara AcArya ke mukhakamala se vinirgata 'kasAyapAhuDa' kI gAthAoM ke samasta artha ko samyakprakAra grahaNa kiyA, ve hameM vara pradAna kreN| cUrNisUtra-racayitA yativRSabha AryamaMkSu ke ziSya aura nAgahasti 0038 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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ke antevAsI haiN| jo isa tathya ke poSaka hai ki AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti samakAlIna the, unameM 'kasAyapAhuDa' kI vijJatA thI evaM yativRSabha ke guru bhI the| indranandi ke 'zrutAvatAra' meM AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti ko guNadharAcArya kA ziSya batAyA gayA hai| 'nandisUtra' kI 'paTTAvalI' meM AcArya AryamaMkSu kA paricaya evaM zvetAmbara paTTAvalI meM nAgahasti kA paricaya dekhane se ina donoM ke vyaktitva ke sambandha meM yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki ye donoM AcArya siddhAnta ke marmajJa, zruta-sAgara ke pAragAmI, sUtroM ke artha-vyAkhyAtA, gupti, samiti aura vratoM ke pAlana meM sAvadhAna tathA parISaha aura upasargoM ke sahana karane meM paTu tathA vAcaka aura prabhAvaka bhI the| AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti 'mahAkammapayaDipAhuDa' ke jJAtA the| dhavalA-TIkAkAra AcArya vIrasena ne AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti ke upadeza kA varNana karate huye likhA hai ki "AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti ke upadeza pravAhakrama se Aye huye the|" una upadeza ko 'pavAijjamANa' kahA hai| inase yativRSabha ne 'kasAyapAhuDa' ke sUtroM kA vyAkhyAna prApta kara cUrNisUtroM kI racanA kI hai| AcArya vajrayaza "tiloyapaNNattI' meM AcArya 'vajrayaza' ko ullekhapUrvaka antima prajJAzramaNa batAyA gayA hai| AcArya vrajayaza yA 'vairajasa' unakA ullekha karane vAle AcArya yativRSabha ke pUrvavartI the| cUrNisUtrakAra AcArya yativRSabha jayadhavalATIkA ke nirdezAnusAra AcArya yativRSabha ne AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti se 'kasAyapAhuDa' kI gAthAoM kA samyak prakAra adhyayana kara artha-avadhAraNa kiyA aura 'kasAyapAhuDa' para cUrNisUtroM kI racanA kii| jayadhavalATIkA meM aneka sthaloM para yativRSabha kA ullekha kiyA gayA hai, likhA hai_ "evaM jadivasahAiriyadesAmAsiyasuttatthaparUvaNaM kAUNa saMpahi jaivasahAiriyasUcidatthamuccAraNAe bhnnissmaamo|" ___ arthAt yativRSabha AcArya dvArA likhe gaye cUrNisUtroM kA avalambana lekara uktArtha prastuta kiyA gayA hai| ataH digambara-paramparA meM cUrNisUtroM ke prathama racayitA hone ke kAraNa yativRSabha kA atyadhika mahattva hai| cUrNisUtrakAra yativRSabha AThaveM 'karmapravAda' ke jJAtA the| Apane AryamaMkSu aura nAgahasti kA ziSyattva svIkAra kiyA thaa| vyaktitva kI mahanIyatA kI dRSTi se yativRSabha bhUtabali ke samakakSa haiN| inake matoM kI mAnyatA sArvajanIna hai| yativRSabha AgamavettA to the hI, para unhoMne sabhI paramparAoM meM pracalita upadezazailI kA parijJAna bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0039

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prApta kiyA aura apanI sUkSma pratibhA kA cUrNisUtroM meM upayoga kiyaa| ___ yativRSabha kA samaya zaka-saMvat ke nirdeza ke AdhAra para 'tiloyapaNNattI' ke Aloka meM bhI prathama IsvI san ke AsapAsa siddha hotA hai| nirvivAdarUpa se yativRSabha kI do hI kRtiyA~ mAnI jAtI hai| - 1. kasAyapAhuDa para racita 'cUrNisUtra' aura, 2. 'tiloypnnnnttii'| paM. hIrAlAla jI zAstrI ke matAnusAra AcArya yativRSabha kI eka anya racanA 'kammapayaDi'-cUrNi bhI hai| yativRSabha ke nAma se karaNasUtroM kA nirdeza bhI prApta hotA hai, para Aja ina karaNasUtroM kA saMkalita rUpa prApta nahIM hai| AcArya vappadevAcArya zrutadharAcAryoM meM zubhanandi, ravinandi ke sAtha 'vappadevAcArya' kA nAma bhI AtA hai| vappadevAcArya ne samasta siddhAntagranthoM kA adhyayana kiyaa| yaha adhyayana 'bhImarathi' aura 'kRSNAmekha' nadiyoM ke madhya meM sthita 'utkalikAgrAma' ke samIpa 'magaNavalli' grAma meM huA thaa| isa adhyayana ke pazcAt unhoMne 'mahAbandha' ko chor3a zeSa pA~ca khaNDoM para 'vyAkhyAprajJapti' nAma kI TIkA likhI hai aura chaThe khaNDa kI saMkSipta vivRtti bhI likhI hai| ina chahoM khaNDoM ke pUrNa ho jAne ke pazcAt unhoMne 'kaSAyaprAbhRta' kI TIkA kA parimANa 60,000 aura 'mahAbandha' kI TIkA kA 5 adhika 8,000 batAyA jAtA hai| ye sabhI racanAyeM prAkRta-bhASA meM kI gayI thIM, joki Aja anupalabdha haiN| __ vappadeva kA samaya vIrasena svAmI se pahile hai| saMkSepa meM vappadeva kA samaya 5vIM se 6vIM zatI hai| AcArya gRddhapicchAcArya 'tattvArthasUtra' ke racayitA AcArya gRddhapiccha haiN| inakA aparanAma umAsvAmI prApta hotA hai| AcArya vIrasena ne jIvasthAna ke kAla anuyogadvAra meM 'tattvArthasUtra' aura usake kartA gRddhapicchAcArya ke nAmollekha ke sAtha unake 'tattvArthasUtra' kA eka sUtra uddhRta kiyA hai ___ 'taha giddhapicchAiriyappayAsida-taccatthasutte vi "vartanApariNAmakriyA: paratvAparatve ca kAlasya" idi davvakAlo parUvido'121 'tattvArthasUtra' ke TIkAkAra ne bhI nimna padya meM tattvArtha ke racayitA kA nAma gRddhapicchAcArya diyA hai 'tattvArthasUtrakartAraM gRddhpicchoplkssitm| vande gnniindrsNjaatmumaasvaamimuniishvrm|| gRddhapiccha ke guru kA nAma kundakundAcArya honA caahiye| zravaNavelagolA ke 0040 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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abhilekha saMkhyA 108 meM gRddhapiccha umAsvAmI kA ziSya balAkapicchAcArya ko batalAyA hai| 'tattvArthasUtra' ke nirmANa meM kundakunda ke granthoM kA sarvAdhika upayoga kiyA gayA hai| gRddhapiccha ne kundakunda kA zAbdika aura vastugata anusaraNa kiyA hai, ataH Azcarya nahIM ki gRddhapiccha ke guru kundakunda rahe hoN| inakA samaya nandisaMgha kI paTTAvali ke anusAra vIra-nirvANa samvat 571 hai, joki vikrama saMvat 101 AtA hai| nandisaMgha kI paTTAvali meM batAyA hai ki umAsvAmI 40 varSa 8 mahIne AcArya-pada para pratiSThita rhe| unakI Ayu 74 varSa kI thI aura vikrama samvat 142 meM unake paTTa para lohAcArya dvitIya pratiSThita huye| AcArya gRddhapiccha kI ekamAtra racanA 'tattvArthasUtra' hai| isa sUtragrantha kA prAcIna nAma 'tattvArtha' rahA hai| isa grantha meM jinAgama ke mUla-tattvoM ko bahuta hI saMkSepa meM nibaddha kiyA hai| isameM kula dasa adhyAya aura 357 sUtra haiN| saMskRta-bhASA meM sUtrazailI meM likhita yaha pahalA sUtragrantha hai| isameM karaNAnuyoga, dravyAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga kA sAra samAhita haiN| jaina-vAGmaya meM saMskRta-bhASA ke sarvaprathama sUtrakAra gRddhapiccha haiM aura sabase pahalA saMskRta-sUtragrantha 'tattvArthasUtra' hai| sUtrazailI kI jo vizeSatAyeM pahale kahI jA cukI haiM, ve sabhI vizeSatAyeM isa sUtragrantha meM vidyamAna haiN| yaha racanA itanI susambaddha aura prAmANika hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI dvAdazAMgavANI ke samAna ise mahattva prApta hai| AcArya vaTTakera 'mUlAcAra' nAmaka graMtha ke racayitA AcArya vaTTakera batAye jAte haiN| kintu bahuta se vidvAn mUlAcAra ko AcArya kundakunda kI hI racanA mAnate haiM, tathA 'vaTTakera' zabda ko unakI upAdhi mAnate haiM; kyoMki isa zabda kA artha 'hitakArI-vANI yA jinavANI kA pravartaka' mAnA gayA hai, aura AcArya kundakunda ke vyaktitva evaM yogadAna ko dekhate huye yaha upAdhi unake liye saTIka jAna par3atI hai| phira bhI kaI AcAryoM ne vaTTakera kA alaga se ullekha kiyA hai, tathA kundakunda ke mUla-sAhitya kI pANDulipiyoM evaM TIkAgranthoM meM bhI kundakunda AcArya kI upAdhi ke rUpa meM isakA prayoga nahIM milatA hai| isIliye kaI vidvAn vaTTakara ko svataMtra AcArya mAnate haiM, tathA unakI ekamAtra kRti 'mUlAcAra' mAnate haiN| vaTTakera ke bAre meM aisI duvidhApUrNa sthiti nirmita hone kA eka pramukha kAraNa yaha bhI hai ki AcArya vaTTakera ke jIvana, kAla-nirNaya, anya granthoM tathA kisI bhI prakAra ke aitihAsika tathya Adi ke ullekha kA abhAva hai| yahA~ taka ki mUlAcAra ke TIkA-sAhitya meM bhI inake jIvana evaM yogadAna ke bAre meM sabhI TIkAkAra mauna bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0041

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haiN| isIliye vidvAnoM ne yaha anumAna lagA liyA ki sambhavataH kundakunda hI vaTTakera the; ataeva kundakunda ke bahuzruta hone ke kAraNa vaTTakera ke bAre meM alaga se koI ullekha nahIM kiyA gyaa| mUlAcAra kI bhASA evaM viSaya-vastu ke sAtha-sAtha pratipAdana-zailI bhI paryApta prAcIna hone se isakI kundakunda se samakAlikatA bhI pratIta hotI hai| mUlAcAra meM muniyoM ke AcAra ke sambandha meM ati-vistAra se varNana hai| itanI vistRta sAmagrI munidharma ke bAre meM anyatra kahIM ekasAtha nahIM milatI hai| AcArya zivArya ___muni-AcAra para 'zivArya' kI 'bhagavatI ArAdhanA' atyanta mahattvapUrNa kRti hai| isake anta meM jo prazasti dI gayI hai, usase unakI guru-paramparA evaM jIvana para prakAza par3atA hai| prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki AcArya zivArya pANitalabhojI hone ke kAraNa digambara-paramparAnuyAyI haiM, ve vinIta, sahiSNu aura pUrvAcAryoM ke bhakta haiM evaM inhoMne guruoM se sUtra aura usake artha kI samyak jAnakArI prApta kI hai| prabhAcandra ke 'ArAdhanAkathAkoSa' aura devacandra ke 'rAjAvalikathe' (kannar3agrantha) meM zivakoTi ko svAmI samantabhadra kA ziSya batalAyA hai| zrI premIjI ne zivArya yA 'zivakoTi' ko yApanIya saMgha kA AcArya mAnA hai aura inake guru kA nAma prazasti ke AdhAra para 'sarvagupta' siddha kiyA hai| DaoN. hIrAlAla jI isa grantha kA racanAkAla IsvI san dvitIya-tRtIya zatI mAnate haiN| isa grantha para TIkA aparAjita sUri dvArA likhI gyii| TIkA 7vIM se 8vIM zatAbdI kI hai| ataH isase pUrva zivArya kA samaya sunizcita hai| mathurA abhilekhoM se prApta saMketoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya IsvI san kI prathama zatAbdI mAnA jA sakatA hai| zivArya kI bhagavatI 'ArAdhanA' yA 'mUlArAdhanA' nAma kI eka hI racanA upalabdha hai| isa grantha meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktapa - ina cAra ArAdhanAoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| isa grantha meM 2166 gAthAyeM aura cAlIsa adhikAra haiN| yaha grantha itanA lokapriya rahA hai, jisase sAtavIM zatAbdI se hI isa para TIkAyeM aura vivRttiyA~ likhI jAtI rahI haiN| aparAjita-sUri kI vijayodayA TIkA, AzAdhara kI mUlArAdhanAdarpaNa TIkA, prabhAcandra kI ArAdhanApaMjikA aura zivajita aruNa kI bhAvArthadIpikA nAma TIkAyeM upalabdha haiN| zivArya ArAdhanA ke atirikta tatkAlIna svasamaya aura parasamaya ke bhI jJAtA the| unhoMne apane viSaya kA upasthitakaraNa kAvyazailI meM kiyA hai| dhArmika viSayoM ko sarasa aura camatkRta banAne ke liye alakRta zailI kA vyavahAra kiyA hai| 1042 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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AcArya kumAra yA svAmI kumAra athavA kArtikeya hariSeNa, zrIcandra aura brahmanemidatta ke kathAkoSoM meM batAyA gayA hai ki kArtikeya ne kumArAvasthA meM muni-dIkSA dhAraNa kI thii| unakI bahana kA vivAha 'roheDa' nagara ke rAjA kauMca ke sAtha huA thA aura unhoMne dAruNa upasarga sahana kara svargaloka ko prApta kiyaa| ve 'agni' nAmaka rAjA ke putra the| . AcArya svAmI kumAra ne 'bArasa-aNukkhA ' kI racanA kii| Apa brahmacArI the, isI kAraNa Apane antya-maMgala ke rUpa meM pA~ca bAla-yatiyoM ko namaskAra kiyA hai| Apane caMcala mana evaM viSaya-vAsanAoM ke virodha ke liye ye anuprekSAyeM likhI haiN| . svAmI kArtikeya pratibhAzAlI, Agama-pAragAmI aura apane samaya ke prasiddha AcArya haiN| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ne isa grantha para vikrama-saMvat 1613 (IsvI san 1556) meM saMskRta TIkA likhI hai| isa TIkA meM aneka sthAnoM para grantha kA nAma 'kArtikeyAnuprekSA' diyA hai aura granthakAra kA nAma 'kArtikeya-muni' prakaTa kiyA hai| svAmI kArtikeya AcArya gRddhapiccha ke samakAlIna athavA kucha uttarakAlIna haiN| arthAt vikrama saMvat kI dUsarI-tIsarI zatI unakA samaya honA caahiye| dvAdazAnuprekSA meM kula 489 gAthAyeM haiN| inameM adhruva, azaraNa, saMsAra, ekatva, anyatva, azucitva, Asrava, saMvara, nirjarA, loka, bodhadurlabha aura dharma - ina bAraha anuprekSAoM kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA hai| prasaMgavaza jIva, ajIva, Asrava, bandha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa - ina sAta tattvoM kA svarUpa bhI varNita hai| jIvasamAsa tathA mArgaNA ke nirUpaNa ke sAtha, dvAdazavrata, pAtroM ke bheda, dAtA ke sAta guNa, dAna kI zreSThatA kA mAhAtmya, sallekhanA, dazadharma, samyaktva ke ATha aMga, bAraha prakAra ke tapa evaM dhyAna ke bheda-prabhedoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya-svarUpa evaM Atmazuddhi kI prakriyA bhI isa grantha meM vistArapUrvaka samAhita hai| isa grantha kI abhivyaMjanA bar3I hI sazakta hai| granthakAra ne choTI-sI gAthA meM bar3e-bar3e tathyoM ko saMjokara sahajarUpa meM abhivyakta kiyA hai| bhASA sarala aura parimArjita hai| zailI meM arthasauSThava, svacchatA, preSaNIyatA, . sUtrAtkamatA, alaMkArAtmakatA samaveta hai| 2. sArasvatAcArya _ 'sArasvatAcAryoM' se abhiprAya una AcAryoM se hai, jinhoMne prApta huI zruta-paramparA kA maulika granthapraNayana aura TIkA-sAhitya dvArA pracAra aura prasAra kiyA hai| ina AcAryoM meM maulika pratibhA to rahI hai, para zrutadharoM ke samAna aMga aura pUrva-sAhitya kA jJAna nahIM rahA hai| ina AcAryoM meM samantabhadra pUjyapAda-devanandi, pAtrakesarI, joindu, RSiputra, akalaMka, vIrasena, jinasena, mAnatuMga, elAcArya, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0043

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jaTAsiMhanandi, vIranandi, vidyAnanda Adi AcArya parigaNita haiN| sArasvatAcAryoM kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM vidvAnoM ne nimnAnusAra batAIM haiM Agama ke mAnya-siddhAntoM kI pratiSThA hetu tarka-viSayaka granthoM kA praNayana, zrutadharAcAryoM dvArA saMketita karma-siddhAnta, AcAra-siddhAnta evaM darzana-viSayaka svatantra granthoM kA nirmANa, lokopayogI purANa, kAvya, vyAkaraNa, jyotiSa-prabhUti viSayoM se sambaddha granthoM kA praNayana aura paramparA se prApta siddhAntoM kA pallavana, yugAnusArI viziSTa pravRttiyoM kA samAveza karane ke hetu svatantra evaM maulika-granthoM kA nirmANa, mahanIya aura sUtrarUpa meM nibaddha racanAoM para bhASya evaM vivRttiyoM kA lekhana, saMskRta kI prabandhakAvya-paramparA kA avalambana lekara paurANika-carita aura vyAkhyAnoM kA graMthana evaM prAcIna lokakathAoM ke sAtha Rtu-parivartana, sRSTi-vyavasthA, AtmA kA AvAgamana, svarga-naraka, pramukha tathyoM evaM siddhAntoM kA saMyojana anya dArzanikoM evaM tArkikoM kI samakakSatA pradarzita karane tathA vibhinna ekAntavAdoM kI samIkSA hetu syAdvAda kI pratiSThA karanevAlI racanAoM kA sRjana karanA aadi| pramukha aura prabhAvaka sArasvata AcAryoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimnAnusAra haiAcArya samantabhadra sArasvatAcAryoM meM sarvaprathama sthAna svAmI 'samantabhadra' kA hai| vidvAnoM ne inheM zrutadharAcAryoM ke samAna mahanIya mAnA hai| inheM Adi-jaina-saMskRta kavi evaM stutikAra ke sAtha-sAtha advitIya dArzanika evaM nyAya kA vizeSajJa mAnA gayA hai| 'AdipurANa' ke kartA AcArya jinasena ne inheM apane yuga ke vAdI, vAgmI, kavi evaM gamaka manISiyoM meM sarvazreSTha mAnA hai tathA likhA hai ki "maiM una samantabhadra ko namaskAra karatA hU~, jo kaviyoM meM brahmA haiM tathA jinake vacanarUpI-vajrapAta se mithyAtamarUpI-parvata cUra-cUra ho jAte haiN|"23 anekoM zilAlekhoM evaM granthoM meM bhI ApakA yazogAna milatA hai| ___ inheM dakSiNabhArata ke colavaMza kA rAjakumAra anumAnita kiyA gayA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki inake pitA 'uragapura' ke kSatriya-rAjA the, joki kAverI ke taTa para basA huA atyanta samRddha nagara thaa| inakA janma kA nAma 'zAMtivarmA' batAyA jAtA hai| vidvAnoM ne vibhinna pramANoM ke adhyayanapUrvaka inakA samaya IsA kI prathama zatAbdI kA uttarArddha evaM dUsarI zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha mAnA hai| stutikAvya ke pravartaka samantabhadra AcArya ke dvArA racita 11 granthoM kA ullekha milatA hai - 1. vRhat svayambhUstotra, 2. stutividyA-jinazataka, 3. devAgamastotra-AptamImAMsA, 4. yuktyanuzAsana, 5. ratnakaraNDazrAvakAcAra, 6. jIvasiddhi, 7. tattvAnuzAsana, 8. prAkRtavyAkaraNa, 9. pramANapadArtha, 10., karmaprAbhRtaTIkA, evaM 11. gndhhstimhaabhaassy| 0044 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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inameM se prArambha kI pA~ca racanAyeM hI prApta hotI haiM, zeSa chaH racanAyeM anupalabdha haiN| nyAya aura darzana ke gUr3ha siddhAntoM ko lagabhaga sUtrAtmaka zailI meM kAvya-zAstrIya uccamAnadaNDoM ke anurUpa prastuta kara samantabhadrAcArya jaina - AcAryaparamparA ke ziromaNi bana gaye haiN| AcArya siddhasena zvetAmbara evaM digambara donoM paramparAoM meM mAnya AcArya 'siddhasena' prakhyAta dArzanika, nyAyavettA evaM kavi the| Apake dvArA racita sAhitya prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha hokara bhI vyApakarUpa se vidvAnoM meM samAdrita rahA hai| ApakI sUktiyA~ bar3e-bar3e AcAryoM ke dvArA bhI sarAhI gaI haiN| 'prabhAvakacarita' ke anusAra ujjayinI nagarI ke kAtyAyana - gotrIya devarSi brAhmaNa kI devazrI patnI ke udara se inakA janma huA thaa| ye pratibhAzAlI aura samasta zAstroM ke pAraMgata vidvAn the / vRddhavAdI jaba ujjayinI nagarI meM padhAre, to unake sAtha siddhasena kA zAstrArtha huA / siddhasena vRddhavAdI se bahuta prabhAvita huye aura unakA ziSyatva svIkAra kara liyaa| guru ne inakA dIkSAnAma 'kumudacandra' rkhaa| Age calakara ye siddhasena ke nAma se prasiddha huye / vyApaka UhApoha ke bAda vidvAnoM ne AcArya siddhasena kA samaya vikrama saMvat 625 ke Asa-pAsa mAnA hai| digambara jaina paramparA ke anusAra Apake dvArA racita granthoM meM 'sanmati-sUtra' evaM 'kalyANamaMdira' stotra haiN| 'sanmati - sUtra' prAkRta bhASA meM likhita darzana evaM nyAya ke tattvoM se samanvita advitIya grantha hai, jabaki 'kalyANamaMdira-stotra' saMskRta meM racita hai| pratIta hotA hai ki isakI racanA AcArya siddhasena ne dIkSA ke turanta bAda hI kI hogI, kyoMki isameM granthakarttA ke rUpa meM ApakA dIkSAnAma 'kumudacandra' prApta hotA hai| siddhasena dArzanika aura kavi donoM haiN| donoM meM unakI gati askhalita hai| jahA~ unakA kAvyatva uccakoTi kA hai, vahIM unakA usake mAdhyama se dArzanika vivacena bhI gambhIra aura tattvapratipAdanapUrNa hai| ojaguNa inakI kavitA kA vizeSa upakaraNa hai| AcArya pUjyapAda devanandi adhyAtmavettA-dArzanika, zreSTha kavi, bhiSag evaM vyAkaraNa jaise bahuAyAmI vaiziSTyoM ke dhanI AcArya devanandi apane atulanIya pratibhA evaM siddhiyoM ke kAraNa 'pUjyapAda' ke viruda se vibhUSita huye aura kAlAntara meM inakA yahI nAma adhika pracalita ho gyaa| kannar3a bhASA ke kathAgranthoM evaM zilAlekhoM meM devatAoM ke dvArA pUjita caraNa hone ke kAraNa inheM 'pUjyapAda' kahA gayA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki Apake bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 45

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mAtA-pitA karnATaka rAjya ke 'kole' nAmaka grAma ke nivAsI, uccakulIna brAhmaNa the, tathA pitA kA nAma 'mAdhavabhaTTa' evaM mAtA kA nAma 'zrIdevI' thaa| Apa bAlyakAla se hI dIkSita mAne jAte haiN| ApakA sthitikAla pA~cavIM zatAbdI IsvI mAnA gayA hai| ___ AcArya pUjyapAda devanandi ne dazabhakti, jainAbhiSeka, tattvArthavRtti (sarvArthasiddhi), jainendra-vyAkaraNa, siddhipriya-stotra, iSTopadeza tathA samAdhizataka Adi granthoM kI racanA kii| inake atirikta vaidyaka-sambandhI grantha bhI AcArya pUjyapAda ke dvArA racita mAnA jAtA hai| unake vaiduSya kA anumAna 'sarvArthasiddhi' grantha se kiyA jA sakatA hai| naiyAyika, vaizeSika, sAMkhya, vedAnta, bauddha Adi vibhinna darzanoM kI samIkSA kara inhoMne apanI vidvattA prakaTa kI hai| nirvacana aura padoM kI sArthakatA ke vivecana meM AcArya pUjyapAda kI samakakSatA koI nahIM kara sakatA hai| AcArya svAmI pAtrakesarI ___ mahAna dArzanika kavi svAmI pAtrakesarI kA janma uccakulIna brAhmaNavaMza meM huA thA, tathA ye kisI rAjA ke mahAmAtya-pada para pratiSThita the - aisA vidvAn anumAna karate haiN| ahicchatra nagara ke pArzvanAtha bhagavAna ke caityAlaya meM cAritrabhUSaNa muni ke mukha se AcArya samantabhadra dvArA racita 'devAgama-stotra' ko sunakara usakA artha vicArakara inakI jaina-tattvoM para pragAr3ha zraddhA ho gaI, aura aMtataH ve jaina-muni bana gye| kahA jAtA hai ki hetu ke lakSaNa ke viSaya meM unheM kucha saMdeha banA rahA, to rAtri ke antima prahara meM unheM eka svapna AyA ki pArzvanAtha svAmI ke maMdira meM pratimA kI phaNAvalI para unheM hetu kA lakSaNa likhA huA mila jAyegA, aura agale dina prAta:kAla jaba ve mandira meM pahu~ce, to unheM hetu kA nimnalikhita lakSaNa phaNAvalI para likhA huA milA "anyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim| nAnyathAnupapannatvaM yatra tatra trayeNa kim||" isake bAda svAmI pAtrakesarI ne jaina-darzana evaM nyAya ke viSaya meM apanA lekhana prArambha kiyA, tathA 'trilakSaNa-kadarthana' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kii| isake atirikta 'pAtrakesarI-stotra' nAmaka racanA bhI Apane kI, joki upalabdha hai; jabaki "trilakSaNa-kadarthana' ullekhamAtra zeSa hai| Apako IsvI san kI chaThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura sAtavIM zatAbdI ke pUrvArddha kA manISI-sAdhaka mAnA jAtA hai| samakAlIna samasta darzanoM kI mAnyatAoM kA nyAyazAstrIya rIti se prabhAvI samIkSaNa karate huye jaina-darzana kI avadhAraNAoM kI tarka aura yuktisahita puSTi karane meM svAmI pAtrakesarI kA atimahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| 046 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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AcArya joiMdu apabhraMza-bhASA meM jaina-vAGmaya ke prathama-praNetA ke rUpa meM AcArya joiMdu kA nAma vizvavikhyAta hai| ApakA vAstavika nAma 'yogIndra' thA, jisakA apabhraMza-rUpa 'joiMdu' paramAtma-prakAza nAmaka graMtha meM ullikhita milatA hai, isIse ApakA nAma joiMdu pracalita ho gyaa| apabhraMza-bhASA ke niyamoM kI dRSTi se bhI 'yogIndra' kA 'joiMdu' rUpa hI sahI baiThatA hai| isa viSaya meM DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne apane zodha-graMtha24 meM vyApaka pramANapUrvaka siddhi kI hai| AcArya joiMdu ke jIvana ke bAre meM koI bhI pramANa nahIM miltaa| ekamAtra samparkasUtra graMtha kI racanA kA nimitta 'bhaTTaprabhAkara' kA ullekha hai, kintu yaha bhI koI aitihAsika vyaktitva nahIM haiM, jisase inake vyaktitva-paricaya yA kAla-nirNaya meM koI madada mila ske| inake kAla-nirNaya ke bAre meM anya aMta:sAkSyoM evaM bahirsAkSyoM ke AdhAra para DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne inakA kAla chaThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha nirdhArita kiyA hai| prArambha meM ApakI mAtra do racanAyeM mAnI jAtI thIM - 'paramAtma-prakAza' (paramappayAsu) evaM 'yogasAra' (joysaaru)| bAda meM apane anusaMdhAnakArya meM DaoN. sudIpa jaina ne vyApaka zodhakhojapUrvaka do graMtha aura nikAle haiM, ve haiM - 'amRtAzIti' evaM 'nijaatmaassttk'| ina cAra graMthoM meM se paramAtma-prakAza aura yogasAra apabhraMza-bhASA ke graMtha haiM, tathA 'amRtAzIti' saMskRta-bhASA kA aura 'nijAtmASTaka' prAkRta-bhASA kA graMtha hai| ina sabhI graMthoM para TIkAyeM milatI haiM, aura ve prakAzita bhI haiN| AdhyAtmika tattvajJAna evaM yogasAdhanA ke viSayoM ke nirUpaNa meM AcArya joiMdu ati viziSTa sthAna rakhate haiM, tathA pahale inako mAtra apabhraMza-bhASA kA kavi mAnA jAtA thA; kintu aba ye apabhraMza ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta evaM prAkRta-bhASA ke adhikArI vidvAn-kavi siddha hote haiN| AcArya vimalasUri prAkRta-bhASA meM 'carita-kAvya' graMtha likhane vAle kaviyoM aura manISiyoM meM AcArya vimalasUri kA sarvaprathama sthAna hai| ApakI racanA 'paumacariyaM' kA jaina-rAmakathA-sAhitya meM vahI sthAna hai, joki vaidika-paramparA meM vAlmIki rAmAyaNa kA hai| inake dvArA likhita rAmakathA jaina-paramparA ke anurUpa tathA atikAlpanikatA se pare vyAvahArika dharAtala para bhagavAn rAma kA prabhAvI-caritra prastuta karatI hai| vimalasUri kA samaya vidvAnoM ne vyApaka UhApoha ke bAda cauthI zatAbdI IsvI anumAnita kiyA hai| AcArya vimalasUri kI do racanAyeM kahI jAtI haiM - paumacariyaM evaM hrivNscriyN| inameM se 'paumacariyaM' hI vimalasUri kI asaMdigdha kRti mAnI jAtI hai| isa graMtha meM 118 paryoM evaM sAta adhikAroM meM sampUrNa rAmakathA kA samAveza bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0047

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kiyA gayA hai| kAvya-zAstrIya mAnadaNDoM evaM jaina-siddhAntoM ke sundara samAyojana se alaMkRta yaha racanA AcArya vimalasUri ke agAdha vaiduSya tathA bhAvuka kavi-hRdaya hone kA jIvanta pramANa hai| isakA paravartI samasta rAmakathA-sAhitya para vyApaka prabhAva par3A hai| yahA~ taka kI vaidika-paramparA ke kavi gosvAmI tulasIdAsa ne bhI apane 'rAmacaritamAnasa' ko inase upakRta mAnA hai, aura likhA hai je prAkRtakavi parama sayAne, bhASoM jina haricarita bkhaane| bhaye je ahahiM je hohahiM Age, pranavahu~ sabahiM kapaTa saba tyaage|| isase AcArya vimalasUri kI prabhAvotpAdakatA ko spaSTarUpa se parilakSita kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya RSiputra Apa jaina-jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAn the| Apake pitA AcArya garga bhI jyotiSa ke prakANDa vidvAn the| inake dvArA racita 'pAzakevalI' nAmaka graMtha paTanA ke pustakAlaya meM milatA hai| sambhavataH garga ke putra hone ke kAraNa hI inakA nAma 'RSiputra' prasiddha huaa| Apake dvArA racita 'RSiputra-saMhitA' kA ullekhamAtra milatA hai| vidvAnoM ne vibhinna pramANoM kI samIkSA karake ApakA samaya IsA kI chaThI-sAtavIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA hai| prApta pramANoM ke AdhAra para yaha anumAna kiyA jAtA hai ki AcArya RSiputra phalita-jyotiSa ke viziSTa vidvAn the, tathA inake upalabdha graMtha 'nimitta-zAsra' ke AdhAra para hI inake vaiduSya kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| AcArya mAnatuMga __bhakti-sAhitya ke sRSTA AcArya mAnatuMga eka aise advitIya AcArya haiM, jinakI pratiSThA digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM sampradAyoM meM samAnarUpa se hai| Apake dvArA racita 'bhaktAmara-stotra' mAtra 48 'vasaMtatilakA' padyoM kI saMkSipta racanA hote huye bhI yaha jaina-samAja meM sarvAdhika pracalita evaM gAyI jAne vAlI racanA hai| ApakI racanA kI bahuzrutatA ke kAraNa Apake bAre meM donoM sampradAyoM meM aneka prakAra kI kathAyeM pracalita ho gaIM, kintu ApakA vyaktitva evaM kRtitva apane Apa meM paryApta pratiSThA rakhatA hai, aura ina kathAoM se use pratiSThA kI apekSA nahIM hai| bhASA-zailI, alaMkAra, geyatA evaM prabhAvotpAdakatA Adi kI dRSTi se AcArya mAnatuMga dvArA racita 'bhaktAmara-stotra' eka advitIya kAvya hai, jisako antarrASTrIya-pratiSThA prApta hai| vidvAnoM ne vyApaka ciMtana ke bAda ApakA kAla samrATa zrIharSa ke nikaTa mAnA hai| ata: hama inheM IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA vidvAn mAna sakate haiN| ApakI racanA bhakti, darzana evaM kAvyatva kI pAvana triveNI hai| 10 48 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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AcArya raviSeNa jaina-rAmakathA ko saMskRta-bhASA meM prastuta karane vAle AcArya raviSeNa saMskRta-bhASA meM 'jaina-caritakAvya' likhane vAle mahattvapUrNa AcArya haiN| Apake gaNa-gaccha Adi kA koI ullekha nahIM milatA, kintu Apake nAma se pratIta hotA hai ki Apa senasaMgha ke AcArya the| vidvAnoM ne Apake guru kA nAma AcArya 'lakSmaNasena' batAyA hai| Apake dvArA racita 'padam-caritam' meM varNita prakRti aura paryAvaraNa ke tattvoM ke AdhAra para Apako dakSiNa-bhAratIya anumAnita kiyA jAtA hai| Apane apanI racanA vikrama saMvat 734 ke vaizAkha mAsa ke zukla-pakSa meM pUrNa batAI hai| ata: inakA kAla vikrama kI AThavIM zatAbdI asaMdigdharUpa se mAnA jA sakatA hai| inakI racanA yadyapi AcArya vimalasUri ke 'paumacariyaM' para AdhArita hai, tathApi viSaya-vastu, pratipAdana-zailI evaM bhASA Adi kI dRSTi se isameM paryApta maulikatA samAhita hai| chaH khaNDoM aura 123 paryoM meM nibaddha isa kathA-graMtha meM rAmakathA kA jaina-dRSTi se vistRta varNana huA hai| bhASika tattvoM tathA kAvya-zAstrIya mAnadaNDoM ke AdhAra para yaha kisI bhI utkRSTa saMskRta-mahAkAvya ke tulya mAnA jAtA hai| AcArya jaTAsiMhanandi 'varAMgacarita' nAmaka ativiziSTa caritakAvya ke dvArA pratiSThA prApta AcArya jaTAsiMhanandi kA ullekha anekoM pratiSThita jainAcAryoM ne Adara evaM bahumAna ke sAtha kiyA hai| isase ApakI pratiSThA aura garimA kA spaSTa avabodha hotA hai| ApakA nAma prAyaH 'jaTAcArya' milatA hai| kahIM-kahIM Apako 'jaTilAcArya' yA 'jaTilamuni' ke nAma se bhI ullikhita kiyA gayA hai, kintu 'cAmuNDarAya' ne Apako AcArya 'jaTAsiMhanandi' ke pUrNa nAma se varNita kiyA hai| prApta ullekhoM ke anusAra dakSiNa-bhArata ke karnATaka prAnta ke 'koppala' grAma meM ApakI samAdhi huI thii| ata: Apane apanA jIvana dakSiNa-bhArata meM hI vyatIta kiyA hogaa| 'varAMgacarita' meM prApta varNanoM ke AdhAra para bhI Apake dAkSiNAtya hone kI puSTi hotI hai| vidvAnoM ne paurvAparya sAkSyoM ke anuzIlana ke bAda ApakA samaya IsA kI sAtavIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha evaM AThavIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha nirdhArita kiyA hai| ApakI ekamAtra racanA 'varAMgacarita' hI ApakI akSaya yazogAthA kA pramANa hai| vidvAnoM ne ise paurANika-mahAkAvya mAnA hai| isameM ApakI apUrva kAvya-pratibhA parilakSita hotI hai| AcArya akalaMkadeva bauddhoM ke carama prabhAva ke yuga meM jaina-darzana tattvajJAna evaM siddhAntoM kI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0049

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tarkayukti aura nyAyapUrvaka akATya-rIti se siddhi karane vAle AcArya akalaMkadeva jaina-nyAya ke kSetra meM atyadhika pratiSThita AcArya haiN| akalaMka mAnyakheTa ke rAjA, zubhatuMga ke mantrI 'puruSottama' ke putra the| 'rAjAvalikathe' meM inheM kAMcI ke 'jinadAsa' nAmaka brAhmaNa kA putra kahA gayA haiM para 'tattvArthavArtika' ke prathama adhyAya ke anta meM upalabdha prazasti se ye 'laghuhavvanRpati' ke putra pratIta hote haiN| ___kAMcIpurI meM bauddhadharma ke pAlaka pallavarAja kI chatrachAyA meM akalaMka ne bauddhanyAsa kA adhyayana kiyaa| akalaMka zAstrArthI vidvAn the| inhoMne dIkSA lekara sudhApura ke dezIyagaNa kA AcArya-pada suzobhita kiyaa| akalaMka ne himazItala rAjA kI sabhA meM zAstrArtha kara tArAdevI ko parAsta kiyaa| brahma nemidattakRta 'ArAdhanAkathAkoSa' aura 'malliSeNa-prazasti' se bhI ukta tathya puSTa hotA hai| vidvAnoM ke anumAnoM se akalaMka kA samaya sAtavIM zatI kA uttarArddha siddha hotA hai| akalaMkadeva kI racanAyeM do vargoM meM vibhAjita haiM - 1. svatantra-graMtha, evaM 2. ttiikaa-grnth| svatantra-graMtha meM svopajJavRttisahita laghIyatraya, nyAyavinizcaya-savRtti, siddhivinizcaya-savRtti evaM pramANasaMgraha-savRtti racanAyeM AtI haiM, jabaki TIkA-granthoM meM tattvArthavArtika-sabhASya evaM aSTazatI aparanAma devAgamavivRtti haiN| - akalaMkadeva kA unakI racanAoM para se SaDdarzanoM kA gambhIra aura sUkSma-cintana avagata hotA hai evaM zailI kI dRSTi se akalaMka nizcaya hI udyotakara aura dharmakIrti ke samakakSa haiN| AcArya elAcArya elAcArya kA smaraNa AcArya 'vIrasena' ne vidyAguru ke rUpa meM kiyA hai| vIrasena ne 'jayadhavalATIkA' meM elAcArya kA smaraNa kiyA hai, tathA unakI kRpA se prApta Agama-siddhAnta ko likhe jAne kA nirdeza kiyA hai| inake samaya kA nirdhArakarUpa se bar3A pramANa yahI hai ki vIrasena ne unheM apanA guru batAyA hai, aura unhIM ke Adeza se siddhAnta-granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| ataH elAcArya vIrasena ke samakAlIna athavA kucha pUrvavartI haiN| vIrasena ne dhavalATIkA zaka-saMvat 738 (IsvI san 819) meM samApta kI thii| ataeva elAcArya AThavIM zatAbdI ke uttarArddha aura navamI zatI ke pUrvArddha ke vidvAnAcArya haiN| elAcArya ke grantha upalabdha nahIM hai, aura na koI aisI kRti hI upalabdha hai, jisameM elAcArya kI kRtiyoM ke uddharaNa hI milate hoN| phira bhI A. vIrasena ke guru hone ke kAraNa ye siddhAntazAsra ke marmajJa vidvAn the, isameM sandeha nahIM hai| 0050 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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AcArya vIrasenAcArya bahuAyAmI jJAna-vijJAna ke sAtha-sAtha agAdha kavitva-pratibhA ke dhanI AcArya vIrasena jaina-AcArya-paramparA ke advitIya manISI haiM, jinheM samasta paravartI AcAryoM aura manISiyoM ne atyanta bahumAna ke sAtha smaraNa kiyA hai| Apake dvArA 'SaTkhaNDAgama' Adi siddhAnta-graMthoM para racita TIkA-sAhitya vizva-bhara ke vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM advitIya sthAna rakhatA hai| itanA hI nahIM, vyAkhyA-sAhitya ke mAnadaNDa bhI Apake dvArA nirdhArita kiye gaye haiM, tathA isa vidyA ke anekoM abhinava prayoga inake vyAkhyA-sAhitya meM spaSTa dRSTigocara hote haiN| Apa paMcastUpAnvaya' ke AcArya 'Aryanandi' ke dvArA dIkSita the, tathA Apake vidyAguru kA nAma 'elAcArya' thaa| guru kI AjJA se Apane 'vATagrAma' (bar3audA) ke 'Anatendra-jinAlaya' meM 'bappadeva' dvArA nirmita siddhAnta-grantha kI TIkA kA adhyayana kara unhoMne kula 72,000 zlokapramANa 'SaTkhaNDAgama' kI dhavalATIkA likhii| tatpazcAt 'kaSAyaprAbhRta' kI cAra vibhaktiyoM kI 20,000 zlokapramANa hI jayadhavalATIkA likhe jAne ke uparAnta unakA svargavAsa ho gayA, aura unake ziSya jinasena dvitIya ne avazeSa jayadhavalATIkA 40,000 zlokapramANa likhakara pUrI kii| __aneka vidvAnoM ke vibhinna anumAnoM ke bIca AcArya vIrasena kA samaya IsvI san kI nauMvIM zatAbdI (IsvI san 816) mAnA hai| inakI do hI racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| ina donoM meM se eka pUrNa racanA hai, aura dUsarI apuurnn| inhoMne 72,000 zlokapramAlA prAkRta aura saMskRta-mizrita bhASA meM maNi-pravAlanyAya se 'dhavalA' TIkA likhI hai| vIrasenasvAmI ne 92,000 zlokapramANa racanAyeM likhI haiN| eka vyakti apane jIvana meM itanA adhika likha sakA, yaha Azcarya kI bAta hai| ina TIkAoM se vIrasena kI vizeSajJatA ke sAtha bahujJatA bhI prakaTa hotI hai| vIrasenAcArya ne akele vaha kArya kiyA hai, jo kArya 'mahAbhArata' ke racayitA ne kiyA hai| mahAbhArata kA pramANa eka lAkha zloka hai, aura yaha TIkA bhI lagabhaga itanI hI bar3I hai| ataeva 'yadihAsti tadanyatra yannehAsti na tatkvacid' ukti yahA~ bhI caritArtha hai| AcArya jinasena dvitIya AcArya jinasena dvitIya, zrutadhara aura prabuddhAcArya ke bIca kI kar3I hone ke kAraNa inakA sthAna sArasvatAcAryoM meM parigaNita hai| ye pratibhA aura kalpanA ke advitIya dhanI haiN| yahI kAraNa hai ki inheM 'bhagavat jinasenAcArya' kahA jAtA hai| zruta yA Agama-granthoM kI TIkA racane ke atirikta mUlagrantharacayitA bhI haiN| inake vaiyaktika jIvana ke sambandha meM vizeSa jAnakArI aprApta hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 4051

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jayadhavalATIkA ke anta meM dI gayI padya racanA se inake vyaktitva ke sambandha meM kucha jAnakArI prApta hotI hai| inhoMne bAlyakAla meM (abiddhakarNa-- karNasaMskAra ke pUrva) hI jinadIkSA grahaNa kara lI thii| kaThora brahmacarya kI sAdhanA dvArA vAgdevI kI ArAdhanA meM tatpara rhe| inakA zarIra kRza thA, AkRti bhI bhavya aura ramya nahIM thI / bAhya vyaktvi ke manorama na hone para bhI tapazcaraNa, jJAnArAdhanA evaM kuzAgra buddhi ke kAraNa inakA antaraMga vyaktitva bahuta hI bhavya thA / ye jJAna aura adhyAtma ke avatAra the / jinasena mUlasaMgha ke paMcastUpAnvaya ke AcArya haiN| inake guru kA nAma vIrasena aura dAdAguru kA nAma Aryanandi thaa| vIrasena ke eka gurubhAI jayasena the / yahI kAraNa hai ki jinasena ne apane AdipurANa meM 'jayasena' kA bhI gururUpa meM smaraNa kiyA hai| jinasena kA citrakUTa, vaMkApura aura baTagrAma se sambandha rahA hai|26 vaMkApura usa samaya vanavAsa deza kI rAjadhAnI thI, jo vartamAna meM dhAravAr3a jile meM hai| citrakUTa bhI vartamAna 'cittaur3a' se bhinna nahIM hai| isI citrakUTa meM elAcArya nivAsa karate the, jinake pAsa jAkara vIrasenAsvAmI ne siddhAntagrantha kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| vidvAnoM dvArA lagAye gaye vibhinna samaya- anumAnoM meM inakA samaya IsvI san kI AThavIM zatI kA uttarArddha siddha huA hai| inakI kevala tIna hI racanAyeM upalabdha hai 1. pAzrvAbhyudaya, 2. AdipurANa evaM 3. jayadhavalATIkA / AcArya vidyAnandi - AcArya vidyAnandi aise sArasvata AcArya haiM, jinhoMne pramANa aura darzana-sambandhI granthoM kI racanA kara zruta- paramparA ko gatizIla banAyA hai| inake jIvanavRtta ke sambandha meM prAmANika itivRtta jJAta nahIM hai / 'rAjAvalikathe' meM A. vidyAnandi kA ullekha AtA hai aura saMkSipta jIvana-vRtta bhI upalabdha hotA hai, para ve sArasvatAcArya vidyAnandi nahIM haiM, paramparA - poSaka vidyAnandi haiN| AcArya vidyAnandi kI racanAoM ke avalokana se yaha avagata hotA hai, ki ye dakSiNa-bhArata karnATaka prAnta ke nivAsI the| isI pradeza ko inakI sAdhanA aura kAryabhUmi hone kA saubhAgya prApta hai| kiMvadantiyoM ke AdhAra para yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki inakA janma brAhmaNa-parivAra meM huA thaa| inhoMne kumArAvasthA meM hI vaizeSika, nyAya, mImAMsA, vedAnta Adi darzanoM kA adhyayana kara liyA thaa| sArasvatAcArya vidyAnandi kI kIrti IsvI san kI 10vIM zatAbdI meM hI vyApta ho cukI thii| unake mahanIya vyaktitva kA sabhI para prabhAva thA / dakSiNa se uttara taka unakI prakhara nyAyapratibhA se sabhI Azcaryacakita the / vidyAnandi gaMganareza zivamAra dvitIya ( IsvI san 810 ) aura rAcamalla satyavAkya prathama (IsvI san 813 ) ke samakAlIna haiM, aura inhoMne apanI kRtiyA~ prAyaH inhIM ke rAjya- samaya meM banAyI haiN| AcArya vidyAnandi kA samaya IsvI san 00 52 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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775-840 IsvI pramANita hotA hai| 27 1. AcArya vidyAnandi kI racanAoM ko do vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA svatantra - graMtha, evaM 2. TIkA- graMtha / svatantra - graMtha meM AptaparIkSA svopajJavRttisahita, pramANaparIkSA, patraparIkSA, satyazAsanaparIkSA, zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra evaM vidyAnandamahodaya racanAyeM AtI haiM, jabaki TIkA- graMthoM meM aSTasahasrI, tattvArthazlokavArtika evaM yuktyanuzAsanAlaMkAra racanAyeM haiN| - AcArya devasena devasena ne bhI prAkRta, saMskRta aura apabhraMza bhASA meM racanAoM kA praNayana kiyA hogaa| unakI sarasvatI - ArAdhanA kA kAla vikrama saMvat 990 (IsvI san 933) se vikrama saMvat 1012 ( I. san 955) taka hai| darzanasAra, bhAvasaMgraha, ArAdhanAsAra, tattvasAra, AlApapaddhati, laghunayacakra Adi granthoM ke racayitA vimalasenagaNi ziSya devasenagaNi haiN| AcArya amitagati prathama nemiSeNa guru tathA devasena ke ziSya amitagati 'prathama amitagati' haiN| inhoMne prathama amitagati ko 'tyaktani:zeSazaMga' vizeSaNa dekara apane ko unase pRthak siddha kiyA hai| amitagati dvitIya kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1050 hai| inake dvArA ullikhita amitagati, prathama inase do pIr3hI pUrva hone se unakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1000 nizcita hotA hai| inakA ekamAtra 'yogasAraprAbhRta' nAmaka mahattvapUrNa grantha hai, jo prakAzita ho cukA hai| yaha grantha 9 adhikAroM meM vibhakta hai 1. jIvAdhikAra, 2. ajIvAdhikAra, 3. AsravAdhikAra, 4. bandhAdhikAra, 6. saMvarAdhikAra, 7. nirjarAdhikAra, 7. mokSAdhikAra, 8. cAritrAdhikAra evaM navama adhikAra ko navAdhikAra yA navamAdhikAra ke nAma se ullikhita kiyA hai| isa adhikAra kI saMjJA cUlikAdhikAra ke rUpa meM kI gayI hai| yoga-sambandhI granthoM meM 'yogasAraprAbhRta' kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| niHsandeha yoga ke adhyayana, manana aura cintana ke liye yaha nitAnta upAdeya hai| AcArya amitagati dvitIya AcArya amitagati dvitIya bhI prathitayaza sArasvatAcArya haiN| ye mAthura saMgha ke AcArya the| darzanasArakarttA devasena ne apane 'darzanasAra' meM mAthura saMgha ko jainAbhAsoM meM parigaNita kiyA hai| inheM niHpicchika bhI kahA gayA hai, kyoMki isa saMgha ke muni mayUrapiccha nahIM rakhate the| yaha saMgha kASThAsaMgha kI eka zAkhA hai| isa saMgha kI utpatti vIrasena ke ziSya kumArasena dvArA huI hai| zrI paNDita vizvezvaranAtha ne amitagati dvitIya ko vAkpatirAja muja kI sabhA ke eka ratna ke rUpa meM svIkAra kiyA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0 53

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amitagati bahuzruta AcArya the| unhoMne vividha viSayoM para granthoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai| kAvya, nyAya, vyAkaraNa, AcAra-prabhRti aneka viSayoM ke vidvAn the| inhoMne 'paMcasaMgraha' kI racanA 'masUtikApura' meM kI thii| yaha sthAna 'dhAra' se sAta kosa dUra 'masIdakilaudA' nAmaka gA~va batAyA jAtA hai| amitagati kA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai| amitagati kI aneka racanAyeM mAnI jAtI hai para jinheM nirvivAdarUpa se amitagati kI racanA mAnA gayA hai, ve haiM - subhASitaratnasaMdoha, dharmaparIkSA, upAsakAcAra, paMcasaMgraha, ArAdhanA, bhAvanAdvAtriMzatikA, candra-prajJapti evaM vyaakhyaa-prjnypti| uparyukta granthoM ke atirikta laghu evaM vRhat sAmAyika pATha, jambUdvIpaprajJapti grantha bhI inake dvArA race gaye mAne jAte haiN| 'sAmAyika pATha' meM 120 padya haiN| inameM sAmAyika kA svarUpa, vidhi aura mahattva pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya amRtacandrasUri sArasvatAcAryoM meM TIkAkAra amRtacandrasUri kA vahI sthAna hai, jo sthAna saMskRta-kAvyaracayitAoM meM kAlidAsa ke TIkAkAra mallinAtha kA hai| kahA jAtA hai ki yadi mallinAtha na hote, to kAlidAsa ke granthoM ke rahasya ko samajhanA kaThina ho jaataa| usI taraha yadi amRtacandrasUri na hote, to AcArya kundakunda ke rahasya ko samajhanA kaThina ho jaataa| ataeva kundakunda AcArya ke vyAkhyAtA ke rUpa meM aura maulika grantha-racayitA ke rUpa meM amRtacandrasUri kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| nizcayataH ina AcArya kI vidvattA, vAgmitA aura prAMjala zailI apratima hai| inakA paricaya kisI bhI kRti meM prApta nahIM hotA hai; para kucha aise saMketa avazya milate haiM, jinase inake vyaktitva kA nizcaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| __ AdhyAtmika vidvAnoM meM kundakunda ke pazcAt yadi AdarapUrvaka kisI kA nAma liyA jA sakatA hai, to ve amRtacandrasUri hI haiN| ye bar3e nispRha AdhyAtmika AcArya the| __paMDita AzAdhara ne amRtacandrasUri kA ullekha 'Thakkura pada' ke sAtha kiyA hai| Thakkura kA prayoga jAgIradAra yA jamIMdAroM ke liye hotA hai| isase nizcita hai ki ve kisI sammAnita kula ke vyakti the| saMskRta aura prAkRta ina donoM hI bhASAoM para inakA pUrNa adhikAra thaa| ye mUlasaMgha ke AcArya the| paTTAvalI meM amRtacandra ke paTTArohaNa kA samaya vikrama saMvat 962 diyA hai, jo ThIka pratIta hotA hai| amRtacandrasUri kI racanAyeM do bhAgoM meM vibhakta haiM, jo isa prakAra haiM, 1. maulika racanAyeM - puruSArthasiddhayupAya, tattvArthasAra, samayasArakalaza; evaM 2. TIkA-grantha - samayasAra-TIkA, pravacanasAra-TIkA, pNcaastikaay-ttiikaa| AcArya nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI siddhAntagranthoM ke abhyAsI ko 'siddhAntacakravartI' kA pada prAcIna samaya se hI 1054 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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diyA jAtA rahA hai| vIrasenasvAmI ne 'jayadhavalA' kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki bharata - cakravartI kI AjJA ke samAna jinakI bhAratI 'SaTkhaNDAgama' meM skhalita nahIM huii| anumAna hai ki vIrasenasvAmI ke samaya se hI siddhAntaviSayajJa ko 'siddhAntacakravartI' kahA jAne lagA hai| nizcayataH AcArya nemicandra siddhAntagranthoM ke adhikArI vidvAn the| yahI kAraNa hai ki unhoMne dhavalAsiddhAnta kA maMthana kara 'gommaTasAra' aura jayadhavalA - TIkA kA maMthana kara 'labdhisAra' grantha kI racanA kI hai| AcArya nemicandra dezIyagaNa ke haiN| inhoMne abhayanandi, vIranandi aura indranandi ko apanA guru batalAyA hai| vastutaH abhayanandi ke vIranandi, indranandi aura nemicandra ye tInoM hI ziSya the| vayaH aura jJAna meM laghu hone ke kAraNa nemicandra ne vIranandi aura indranandi se bhI adhyayana kiyA hogA / - AcArya nemicandra kA ziSyatva cAmuNDarAya ne grahaNa kiyA thaa| yaha cAmuNDarAya gaMgavaMzI rAjA rAcamalla kA pradhAnamantrI aura senApati thaa| usane aneka yuddha jIte the aura usake upalakSya meM aneka upAdhiyA~ prApta kI thiiN| vaha 'vIramArttaNDa' kahalAtA thaa| 'gommaTasAra' meM 'sammattarayaNaNilaya' samyaktvaratnanilaya, 'guNarayaNabhUSaNaM'guNaratnabhUSaNa, 'satyayudhiSThira '28, 'devarAja '29 Adi vizeSaNoM kA prayoga kiyA hai| ina cAmuNDarAya ne zravaNabelagolA (mesUra ) meM sthita vindhayagiri parvata para bAhubali svAmI kI 50 phITa U~cI atizaya manojJa pratimA pratiSThita kI thii| cAmuNDarAya kA gharelU nAma 'gommaTa' thaa| unake isa nAma ke kAraNa hI unake dvArA sthApita bAhubali kI mUrti gommaTezvara ke nAma se prasiddha huI hai| isI 'gommaTa' upanAmadhArI cAmuNDarAya ke liye nemicandrAcArya ne apane 'gommaTasAra' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| ataeva yaha spaSTa hai ki gaMganareza rAcamalladeva ke pradhAna saciva aura senApati cAmuNDarAya kA AcArya nemicandra ke sAtha ghaniSTha sambandha rahA hai| AcArya nemicandra kA samaya IsvI san kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha yA vikrama-saMvat 11vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha hai| AcArya nemicandra AgamazAstra ke vizeSajJa haiN| inakI prasiddha racanAyeM haiM * gommaTasAra, trilokasAra, labdhisAra, evaM kSapaNAsAra / AcArya narendrasena - amRtacandra ke 'tattvArthasAra' kI zailI para AcArya narendrasena ne 'siddhAntasArasaMgraha' nAmaka grantha racA hai| zailI meM samAnatA hone para bhI donoM ke nAmoM ke anurUpa viSaya meM antara hai| tattvArthasAra 'tattvArthasUtra' ke anurUpa hai, para 'siddhAntasAra-saMgraha ' meM siddhAnta-sambandhI aise viSaya carcita haiM, jo 'tattvArthasUtra' aura usakI TIkAoM ke atirikta anyatra bhI prApta haiN| lADavAgar3a saMgha meM 'dharmasena' nAma ke digambara munirAja huye| unake pazcAt kramazaH zAntiSeNa, gopasena, bhAvasena, jayasena, brahmasena aura vIrasena huye / vIrasena ke bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 55

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ziSya guNasena huye aura guNasena ke ziSya narendrasena huye / narendrasena 'dharmaratnAkara' ke karttA jayasena ke vaMzaja haiN| narendrasena ko vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI ke dvitIya caraNa kA vidvAn mAnanA ucita hai| narendrasena bhI amitagati ke samAna kASThasaMghI hI pratIta hote haiN| kASThAsaMgha meM nanditaTa, mAthura, bAgar3a aura lATavAgar3a yA jhADavAgar3a ye cAra prasiddha gaccha huye haiN| nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI dvArA viracita 'gommaTasAra' tathA 'trilokasAra' kA bhI upayoga narendrasena ne apanI racanA meM kiyA pratIta hotA hai| isakI eka hI racanA upalabdha hai siddhaantsaar-sNgrh| yaha grantha 12 adhyAyoM meM vibhAjita hai, aura saMskRta bhASA meM anuSTupa chandoM meM likhA gayA hai| pratyeka adhyAya ke anta meM chanda-parivartana huA hai, aura puSpikA meM 'siddhAntasAra - saMgraha' yaha nAma diyA gayA hai| nizcayataH isa grantha meM 'tattvArthasAra' kI apekSA aneka viSayoM kA samAveza hai| 'tattvArthasAra' meM carcita viSayoM kA vistArapUrvaka kathana kiyA hI gayA hai| AcArya nemicandra muni 'dravyasaMgraha' ke racayitA nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI se bhinna anya koI nemicandra haiM, jinheM nemicandra siddhAntideva yA nemicandramuni kahA gayA hai| 'dravyasaMgraha ' ke racayitA nemicandra siddhAntideva kA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha hai| arthAt IsvI san kI 11vIM zatI kA antima pAda hai| nemicandra siddhAntideva kI do hI racanAyeM upalabdha haiM 1. laghudravyasaMgraha, aura 2. vRhdddrvysNgrh| granthakAra ne isameM bahuta saMkSepa meM jainadarzana ke pramukha tattvoM kA kathana kiyA hai| - - AcArya siMhanandi gaMga - rAjavaMza kI sthApanA meM sahAyatA denevAle AcArya siMhanandi vizeSa ullekhanIya haiN| gaMgavaMza kA sambandha prAcIna 'ikSvAkuvaMza' se mAnA jAtA hai| mUlataH yaha vaMza uttara yA pUrvottara kA svAmI thaa| IsvI san kI dUsarI zatAbdI ke lagabhaga isa vaMza ke do rAjakumAra dakSiNa meM aaye| unake nAma 'daDiga' aura 'mAdhava' the| 'perUra' nAmaka sthAna meM unakI bheMTa jainAcArya siMhanandi se huii| siMhanandi ne unakI yogyatA aura zAsanakSamatA dekhakara unheM zAsanakArya kI zikSA dii| 56 siMhanandi ko mUlasaMgha kundakundAnvaya, kANUragaNa aura meSapASANagaccha kA AcArya tathA dakSiNavAsI batAyA hai| siMhanandi ke prabhAva se hI gaMgarAjAoM ne jainadharma ko saMrakSaNa pradAna kiyA thaa| ye Agama, tarka, rAjanIti aura vyAkaraNa - zAstra Adi viSayoM ke jJAtA the| inakA samaya I. san kI dvitIya zatAbdI hai / uparyukta ullekhoM se vidita hai ki gaMgavaMza - saMsthApaka siMhanandi rAjanIti ke bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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sAtha Agama-zAstra ke bhI jJAtA the| ataH asambhava nahIM ki inakI racanAyeM bhI rahI hoM, jo Aja upalabdha nahIM haiN| AcArya sumati AcArya sumatideva kA ullekha sanmati-TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM pAyA jAtA hai| sumatideva kI yaha TIkA 11vIM zatAbdI ke zvetAmbarAcArya abhayadeva kI TIkA se lagabhaga tIna zatAbdI pahale kI honI caahiye|30 zravaNabelagolA ke abhilekha-saMkhyA 54 meM bhI sumatideva kA ullekha AyA hai; yaha abhilekha zaka-saMvat 1050 kA hai| sumatideva acche prabhAvazAlI tArkika huye haiM, jinakA sthitikAla 8vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga rahA hai| tattvasaMgraha aura zilAlekha ke ullekha batalAte haiM ki AcArya sumatideva pramANa aura naya ke viziSTa vidvAn haiN| tArkika ke rUpa meM inakI khyAti AThavIM, nauvIM zatAbdI meM pUrNatayA vyApta rahI hai| AcArya kamAranandi Aja kumAranandi kI koI racanA upalabdha nahIM hai| para unake tathA unake grantha ke ullekha kaI sthAnoM para prApta hote haiN| AcArya vidyAnanda ne apane grantha pramANa-parIkSA, patra-parIkSA aura tattvArthazlokavArtika meM kumAranandi kA ullekha kiyA hai| AcArya vidyAnandi ke uddharaNoM se prakaTa hai ki kumAnanandi vidyAnanda ke pUrvavartI AcArya haiN| inhoMne vAdanyAya kA praNayana kiyA thA, jisakI katipaya kArikAyeM vidyAnandi ne apane granthoM meM uddhRta kI haiN| nAgamaMgala-tAmrapatra meM bhI kumAranandi kA ullekha AyA hai| kumAranandi ko 'samasta vidvalloka kA parirakSaka' aura 'munipati' kahA hai| isase sambhAvanA hai ki vidyAnandi dvArA ullikhita aura vAdanyAya ke kartA tArkika kumAranandi kA hI isameM guNakIrtana hai| isameM itanA spaSTa hai, ki AcArya kumAranandi eka prabhAvazAlI tArkika evaM 'vAdanyAyavicakSaNa'-granthakAra the| AcArya vajrasUri ye vajrasUri devandi-pUjyapAda ke ziSya drAvir3a saMgha ke saMsthApaka vajranandi jAna par3ate haiN| 'harivaMzapurANa' meM inake sambandha meM kahA hai . vajrasUrevicAriNyaH shetvorbndhmokssyoH| ___ pramANaM dharmazAstrANAM prvktRnnaamivoktyH|| arthAt jo hetu-sahita bandha aura mokSa kA vicAra karanevAlI haiM, aisI zrI vajrasUri kI uktiyA~ dharmazAstroM kA vyAkhyAna karane vAle gaNadharoM kI uktiyoM ke samAna pramANarUpa haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0057

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isa ullekha se spaSTa hai ki vajrasUri ke vacana gaNadharoM ke samAna mAnya the| darzanasAra ke ullekhAnusAra inakA samaya chaThI zatI IsvI pratIta hotA hai| AcArya yazobhadra prakhara tArkika ke rUpa meM jinasena ne inakA smaraNa kiyA hai| 'AdipurANa' meM batAyA hai viduSviNISu saMsatsu yasya nAmApi kiirtitm| nikharvayati tardagarvaM yazobhadraH sa pAtu nH||1 arthAt vidvAnoM kI sabhA meM jinakA nAma kaha dene mAtra se sabhI kA garva dUra ho jAtA hai, ve yazobhadra svAmI hamArI rakSA kreN| jainendra-vyAkaraNa meM "kva vRSimRjAM yazobhadrasya" (2/1/99) sUtra AyA hai; ataH jinasena ke dvArA ullikhita yazobhadra aura devanandi ke jainendra-vyAkaraNa meM nirdiSTa yazobhadra yadi eka hI haiM, to inakA samaya vikrama saMvat chaThI zatI ke pUrva honA caahiye| AcArya kanakanandi siddhAnta-granthoM ke racayitA ke rUpa meM kanakanandi kA nAma bhI nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke samAna samAdaraNIya hai| inheM bhI 'siddhAnta-cakravartI' kahA gayA hai| nemicandra ne 'gommaTasAra' kI racanA kanakanandi se adhyayana karake kI hai, aura ve unake guru rahe hoMge yA 'guru' nAma se ve adhika khyAta hoNge| kanakanandi dvArA racita 'vistarasattvatribhaMgI' nAmaka grantha jaina-siddhAnta-bhavana, ArA meM vartamAna hai| isa graMtha kI kAgaja para likhI gayI do pratiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| donoM kI gAthA-saMkhyA meM antara hai| eka prati meM 48 aura dUsarI meM 51 gAthAyeM haiN| kanakanandi siddhAntacakravartI ne 'karmakANDa' ke likhane meM sahayoga pradAna kiyA hogA aura kucha gAthAyeM adhika jor3akara use svatantra graMtha kA rUpa pradAna kiyA hogaa| karmakANDa meM kanakanandi ke matAntara ko dekhane se ukta kathana puSTa hotA hai| isase spaSTa hai ki kanakanandi apane samaya ke prasiddha AcArya haiN| 3. prabuddhAcArya 'prabuddhAcArya' se hamArA abhiprAya aise AcAryoM se hai, jinhoMne apanI pratibhA dvArA grantha-praNayana ke sAtha vivRttiyA~ aura bhASya bhI race haiN| yadyapi 'sArasvatAcArya' aura 'prabuddhAcArya' - donoM meM hI pratibhA kA bAhulya hai, para donoM kI pratibhA ke tAratamya meM antara hai| jitanI sUkSma nirUpaNa-zakti sArasvatAcAryoM meM pAyI jAtI hai, utanI sUkSma nirUpaNa-zakti prabuddhAcAryoM meM nahIM hai| kalpanA kI ramaNIyatA yA 0058 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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kalpanA kI ur3Ana prabuddhAcAryoM meM adhika hai, aura isa zreNI ke sabhI AcArya prAyaH kavi haiN| inakA gadya aura padya bhI alaMkRta-zailI kA hai| ataH abhivyaMjanA kI sazakta kAvyazakti ke rahane para bhI siddhAnta-nirUpaNa kI vaha kSamatA nahIM hai, jo kSamatA sArasvatAcArya yA zrutadharAcAryoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| isa zreNI ke AcAryo meM A. jinasena prathama, prabhAcandra, narendrasena, bhAvasena, Aryanandi, nemicandragaNi, padmanandi, vAdIbhasiMha, hariSeNa, vAdirAja, padmanandi-jaMbUdvIvapaNNattIkAra, mahAsena, somadeva, hastimalla, rAmasiMha, nayanandi, mAdhavacandratraividya, vizvasena, jayasenAcArya dvitIya, anantavIrya evaM indranandi Adi kI gaNanA kI jA sakatI hai| ina AcAryoM ne padayAtrA dvArA bhArata kA bhramaNa kiyA aura prAkRta, apabhraMza evaM saMskRta Adi bhASAoM meM grantha-racanA kii| __ svatantra-racanA-pratibhA ke sAtha TIkA, bhASya evaM vivRtti likhane kI kSamatA bhI prabuddhAcAryoM meM thii| zrutadharAcArya aura sArasvatAcAryoM ne jo viSaya-vastu prastuta kI thI, usI ko prakArAntara se upasthita karane kA kArya prabuddhAcAryoM ne kiyA hai| yaha satya hai ki ina AcAryoM ne apanI maulika pratibhA dvArA paramparA se prApta tathyoM ko navIna rUpa meM bhI prastuta kiyA hai| ataH viSaya ke prastutIkaraNa kI dRSTi se ina AcAryoM kA apanA mahattva hai| prabuddhAcAryoM meM kaI AcArya itane pratibhAzAlI haiM ki unheM sArasvatAcAryoM kI zreNI meM parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai| kintu viSaya-nirUpaNa kI sUkSma-kSamatA prabuddhAcAryoM meM vaisI nahIM hai, jaisI sArasvatAcAryoM meM pAyI jAtI hai| ___ pramukha evaM prabhAvaka prabaddhAcAryoM kA vivaraNa yahA~ diyA jA rahA haiAcArya jinasena (prathama) AcArya jinasena prathama aise prabuddhAcArya haiM, jinakI varNana-kSamatA aura kAvya-pratibhA apUrva hai| inhoMne 'harivaMzapurANa' nAmaka kRti kA praNayana kiyA hai| ye punnATasaMgha ke AcArya haiN| inake guru kA nAma kIrtiSeNa thaa| 'harivaMzapurANa' ke 66veM sarga meM bhagavAn mahAvIra se lekara lohAcArya-paryanta AcAryoM kI paramparA aMkita hai| 'punnATa' karnATaka kA prAcIna nAma hai| 'hariSeNa-kathAkoSa' meM AyA hai ki bhadrabAhu svAmI ke AdezAnusAra unakA saMgha candragupta yA vizAkhAcArya ke sAtha dakSiNApatha ke punnATa deza meM gyaa| ataH isa deza ke munisaMgha kA nAma punnATasaMgha par3a gyaa| jinasena se 50-60 varSa pUrva hI yaha saMgha uttara bhArata meM praviSTa huA hogaa| jisaprakAra paMcastUpAnvayI vIrasena svAmI kA 'vATanagara' meM jJAnakendra thA, sambhavataH usI prakAra amitasena ne 'badanAvara' meM jJAnakendra kI sthApanA kI ho aura usI kendra meM ukta donoM granthoM kI racanA sampanna huI ho| AcArya jinasena prathama kA samaya lagabhaga IsvI san 748-818 siddha hotA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0059

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inakI eka hI racanA prApta hai 'hrivNshpuraann'| isakI kathAvastu jinasena ko apane guru kIrtisena se prApta huI thii| isa purANa - grantha para pUrvAcAryoM kA pUrNa prabhAva hai| isa purANa meM 22veM tIrthaMkara neminAtha kA caritra nibaddha hai, para prasaMgopAtta anya kathAnaka bhI likhe gaye haiN| 'harivaMzapurANa' jJAnakoSa hai| isameM karma - siddhAnta, AcArazAstra, tattvajJAna evaM AtmAnubhUti - sambandhI carcAyeM nibaddha haiN| yaha purANagrantha hone para bhI uccakoTi kA mahAkAvya hai| sAhityika suSamA ke sAtha sRSTividyA, dharmazAstra, tattvajJAna, SaTdravya, cAstikAya Adi kA bhI vistArapUrvaka varNana AyA hai| AcArya jinasena ne apane samaya kI rAjanItika paristhiti kA bhI citraNa kiyA hai| AcArya guNabhadra pratibhAmUrti guNabhadrAcArya saMskRta bhASA ke zreSTha kavi haiN| guNabhadra kA samasta jIvana sAhitya - sAdhanA meM hI vyatIta huaa| ye utkRSTa jJAnI aura mahAn tapasvI the| bhadrAcArya kA nivAsa sthAna dakSiNa ArakaTa jile kA 'tirumaruDakuNDam' nagara mAnA jAtA hai| inake gRhastha jIvana ke sambandha meM tathya ajJAta haiN| inake granthoM kI prazastiyoM se spaSTa hai ki ye senasaMgha ke AcArya the| inake guru kA nAma AcArya jinasena dvitIya aura dAdA guru kA nAma vIrasena hai| AcArya jinasena prathama yA dvitIya ke samAna guNabhadra kI bhI sAdhanA - bhUmi karnATaka aura mahArASTra kI bhUmi rahI hai| guNabhadrAcArya jinasena dvitIya ke ziSya the tathA unake apUrNa mahApurANa (AdipurANa) ko inhoMne pUrNa kiyA thA / guNabhadra kA samaya zaka saMvat 820, IsvI san 898 arthAt IsvI san kI navama zatI kA antima caraNa siddha hotA hai| apanI racanA 'AdipurANa' meM guNabhadrAcArya ne apane guru jinasena dvitIya dvArA adhUre chor3e 'AdipurANa' ke 43veM parva ke cauthe padya se samAptiparyanta kula 1620 padya likhe haiN| 'uttarapurANa' eka aura racanA hai, jo 'mahApurANa' kA uttara bhAga hai| anya racanAyeM 'AtmAnuzAsana' evaM 'jinadattacarita - kAvya' haiN| AcArya vAdIbhasiMha -gadya zreNya - - gadya-saMskRta-sAhitya meM jo sthAna mahAkavi bANa kA hai, jaina - saMskRta - - sAhitya meM vahI sthAna vAdIbhasiMha kA hai / kavi vAdIbhasiMha ne 'gadyacintAmaNi' jaisA gadyakAvya kA utkRSTa grantha likhakara jaina-saMskRta-kAvya ko amaratva pradAna kiyA hai| DaoN. kItha ne likhA hai-- " kAdambarI se pratispardhA karane kA dUsarA prayatna oDayadeva (vAdIbhasiMha) ke 'gadyacintAmaNi' meM parilakSita hotA hai, unakA upanAma vAdIbhasiMha thA / ve eka digambara-jaina-muni the aura puSpasena ke ziSya the| " taMjaura meM 'gadyacintAmaNi' kI pANDulipiyoM kA prApta honA bhI isa bAta kI 60 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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ora saMketa karatA hai ki kavi kA nivAsa tamilanADu meM yA usake Asa-pAsa kisI sthAna meM honA cAhiye / oDayadeva yA vAdIbhasiMha ne 'gadyacintAmaNi' ke prArambha meM apane guru kA nAma puSpasena likhA hai aura batAyA hai ki " guru ke prasAda se hI unheM vAdIbhasiMhatA aura munipuMgavatA prApta huI / " kavi ne 'gadyacintAmaNi' ke maMgalavAkyoM meM apane guru kA smaraNa nimnaprakAra kiyA hai-- zrIpuSpasenamuninAtha iti pratIto divyo manurmama sadA hRdi saMnidadhyAt / yacchaktitaH prakRtimUDhamatirjano'pi vAdIbhasiMha - munipuMgavatAmupaiti 32 // samasta pramANoM kA Adhyayana karane se yahI niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki vAdIbhasiMha kA samaya navama zatI hai| vAdIbhasiMha kI do hI racanAyeM upalabdha haiM 1. kSatracUr3AmaNi, evaM 2. gadyacintAmaNi / mahAvIrAcArya bhAratIya gaNita ke itihAsa meM mahAvIrAcArya kA nAma Adara ke sAtha liyA jA sakatA hai| mahAvIrAcArya kI isa gaNita -grantha kI pANDulipiyoM evaM kannar3a aura tamila TIkAoM ke AdhAra para yaha niSkarSa nikAlA jA sakatA hai ki mahAvIrAcArya maisUra prAnta ke kisI kannar3a bhAga meM huye hoNge| mahAvIrAcArya ne pUrvavartI gaNitajJoM ke kArya meM paryApta saMzodhana aura parivarddhana kiye| inhoMne zUnya ke viSaya meM bhAga karane kI praNAlI kA AviSkAra kiyA / AcArya vRhat anantavIrya 'siddhivinizcaya' ke TIkAkAra aura ravibhadra - pAdopajIvI AcArya anantavIrya nyAyazAstra ke pAraMgata aura aneka zAstroM ke marmajJa the| siddhivinizcaya-TIkA se avagata hotA hai ki inakA darzana - zAstrIya adhyayana bahuta vyApaka aura sarvatomukhI thii| vaidika saMhitAoM, upaniSad, unake bhASya evaM vArttika Adi kA bhI inhoMne gaharA adhyayana kiyA thaa| nyAya-vaizeSika sAMkhya-yoga, mImAMsA, cArvAka aura bauddhadarzana ke ye asAdhAraNa paNDita the| 'siddhivinizcayaTIkA' ke puSpikAvAkyoM se inake guru kA nAma ravibhadra jAna par3atA hai| inhoMne apane ko unakA 'pAdopajIvI' batalAyA hai| isake atirikta inake viSaya meM aura koI jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hotii| 'siddhivinizcayaTIkA' ke racayitA anantavIrya kA samaya IsvI san 975-1025 ghaTita hotA hai| ravibhadraziSya anantavIrya kI do racanAyeM haiM 'siddhivinizcayaTIkA' aura 'pramANasaMgraha bhASya' yA 'prmaannsNgrhaalNkaar'| AcArya mANikyanandi AcArya mANikyanandi jaina - nyAyazAstra ke mahApaNDita the| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 1 - -------------------- inakA 0061

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'parIkSAmukhasUtra' jaina-na - nyAyazAstra kA Adya - nyAyasUtragraMtha hai| isake srota kA nirdeza karate huye 'prameyaratnamAlA' meM kahA gayA hai-- akalaMkavaco'mbhodheruddadhe yena dhImatA / nyAyavidyAmRtaM tasmai namo mANikyanandine // 33 arthAt jisa zrImAn ne akalaMkadeva ke vacana - sAgara kA manthana karake 'nyAyavidyAmRta' nikAlA, usa mANikyanandi ko namaskAra hai / - mANikyanandi 'nandisaMgha' ke pramukha AcArya the| 'dhArAnagarI' inakI nivAsa-sthalI rahI hai - aisA prameyaratnamAlA kI TippaNI tathA anya pramANoM se avagata hotA hai / 34 mANikyanandi kA samaya nayanandI ke samaya vikama saMvat 1100 se 30-40 varSa pahale arthAt vikrama saMvat 1060, IsvI san 1003 ( IsvI san kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa) avagata hotA hai| mANikyanandi kA ekamAtra grantha 'parIkSAmukha' hI milatA hai| isa grantha kA nAmakaraNa bauddhadarzana ke hetumukha, nyAyamukha jaise granthoM ke anukaraNa para mukhAnta nAma para kiyA gayA hai| parIkSA - mukhasUtra meM pramANa aura pramANAbhAsoM kA vizada pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| yaha grantha nyAyasUtra, vaizeSikasUtra aura tattvArthasUtra Adi sUtragranthoM kI taraha sUtrAtmaka zailI meM likhA gayA hai| isa para uttarakAla meM aneka TIkA - vyAkhyAyeM likhI gayI haiN| inameM prabhAcandrAcArya kA vizAla prameyakamalamArttaNDa, laghu anantavIrya kI madhyamapariNAmavAlI 'prameyaratnamAlA', bhaTTAraka cArukIrti kA 'prameyaratnamAlAlaMkAra' evaM zAnti varNI kI 'prameyakaNThikA' Adi TIkAyeM upalabdha haiN| 'parIkSAmukhasUtra' kA prabhAva AcArya devasUri ke 'pramANanayatattvAloka' aura AcArya hemacandra kI 'pramANamImAMsA' para spaSTataH dikhalAI par3atA hai / uttaravarttI prAyaH samasta jainanaiyAyikoM ne isa grantha se preraNA grahaNa kI hai| AcArya prabhAcandra AcArya prabhAcandra ne parIkSAmukha para 12,000 zlokapramANa 'prameyakamalamArttaNDa' nAma kI vRhat TIkA likhI hai| yaha jainana - nyAyazAstra kA atyadhika mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| prabhAcandra ne apane ko mANikyanandi ke pada meM rata kahA hai| isase unakA sAkSAt ziSyatva prakaTa hotA hai, ataH yaha sambhava hai ki prabhAcandra ne jaina- -nyAya kA abhyAsa mANikyanandi se kiyA ho aura unhIM ke jIvanakAla meM 'prameyakamalamArttaNDa' kI racanA kI ho| DaoN. darabArIlAla jI koThiyA ke sapramANa anusandhAna ke anusAra prabhAcandra aura mANikyanandi kI samasAmayikatA prakaTa hotI hai, aura unameM paraspara sAkSAt 00 62 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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guru-ziSyatva bhI siddha hotA hai| 35 isase bhI AcArya prabhAcandra kA samaya IsvI san kI 11vIM zatI nirNIta hotA hai| inakI ye racanAyeM mAnya haiM prameyakamalamArttaNDa : parIkSAmukha - vyAkhyA; nyAyakumudacandra : laghIyastraya - vyAkhyA; tattvArthavRttipadavivaraNa : sarvArthasiddhi-vyAkhyA; zAkaTAyananyAsa : zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa - vyAkhyA; zabdAmbhojabhAskara : jainendravyAkaraNavyAkhyA; pravacanasArasarojabhAskara : pravacanasAra - vyAkhyA; gadyakathAkoSa svataMtra racanA; ratnakaraNDaka zrAvakAcAra - TIkA; samAdhitaMtra - TIkA; kriyAkalApa - TIkA; AtmAnuzAsana - TIkA; evaM mahApurANa- TippaNa / inhoMne jina TIkAoM kA nirmANa kiyA hai, ve TIkAyeM svataMtra grantha kA rUpa prApta kara cukI haiN| : - AcArya laghu anantavIrya uttarakAlavartI hone ke kAraNa 'prameyaratnamAlA' ke racayitA anantavIrya ko laghu anantavIrya yA dvitIya anantavIrya kahA jAtA hai| inhoMne 'parIkSAmukha' ke sUtroM kI saMkSipta, kintu vizada vyAkhyA kI hai| sAtha hI prasaMgataH cArvAka, bauddha, sAMkhya, nyAya, vaizeSika aura mImAMsA darzanoM ke katipaya siddhAntoM kI samIkSA bhI kI hai| inakI ekamAtra kRti 'prameyaratnamAlA' prApta hai| grantha ke Arambha meM isa TIkA ko inhoMne 'parIkSAmukha- paMjikA' kahA hai| pratyeka samuddezya ke anta meM dI gayI puSpikAoM meM ise 'parIkSAmukha - laghuvRtti' bhI kahA hai| anantavIrya kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha pratiphalita hotA hai| 'prameyakamalAmArttaNDa' meM jina viSayoM kA vistAra se varNana hai, unhIM kA saMkSepa meM spaSTarUpa se kathana karanA 'prameyaratmAlA' kI vizeSatA hai| pratipAdana - zailI bar3I sarala, vizada aura hRdayagrAhI hai| AcArya vIranandi AcArya vIranandi siddhAntavettA hone ke sAtha janasAdhAraNa ke manobhAvoM, hRdaya kI vibhinna vRttiyoM evaM vibhinna avasthAoM meM utpanna hone vAle mAnasika vikAroM ke sajIva citraNakartA mahAkavi the| inake dvArA racita 'candraprabha - mahAkAvya' inakI kAvya-pratibhA kA cUr3Anta - nidarzana hai| ye nandisaMgha dezIyagaNa ke AcArya haiN| candraprabha ke anta meM inhoMne jo prazasti 36 likhI hai, usase jJAta hotA hai ki ye AcArya abhayanandi ke ziSya the| abhayanandi ke guru kA nAma guNanandi thaa| nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI inake ziSya athavA laghu gurubhAI pratIta hote haiN| inhoMne unheM namaskAra kiyA hai| 37 vIranandi kA samaya IsvI san 1025 se pUrva aura IsvI san 900 ke bAda arthAt 950-999 siddha hotA hai| AcArya vIranandi kI ekamAtra racanA 'candraprabhacarita' bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 63

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hai, jo upalabdha tathA prakAzita hai|38 isa mahAkAvya meM 18 sarga aura 1697 padya haiN| kavi ne saMskRta ke sabhI prasiddha chandoM kA isameM prayoga kiyA hai| AThaveM tIrthaMkara candraprabha kA isameM jIvana-carita varNita hai| racanA bar3I sarasa aura hRdayagrAhI hai| AcArya mahAsena mahAsena lATa-vargaTa yA lAr3a-bAgar3a saMgha ke AcArya the| guNAkarasena ke ziSya mahAsenasUri huye, jo rAjA muMja dvArA pUjita the aura sindhurAja yA sindhula ke mahAmAtya parpaTa ne jinake caraNakamaloM kI pUjA kI thii| inhIM mahAsena 'pradyumnacarita' kAvya kI racanA kI aura rAjA ke anucara vivekavAn madyana ne ise likhakara kovidajanoM ko diyaa| lATa-vargaTasaMgha mAthurasaMgha ke hI samAna kASThAsaMgha kI zAkhA hai| yaha saMgha gujarAta aura rAjapUtAne meM vizeSa rUpa se nivAsa karatA thaa| kavi AcArya mahAsena parpaTa ke guru the| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya mahAsena kA vyaktitva atyanta unnata thA aura rAjaparivAroM meM unakI bar3I pratiSThA thii| AcArya mahAsena kA samaya 10vIM zatI kA uttarArddha hai| AcArya mahAsena kA 'pradyumnacarita' mahAkAvya upalabdha hai| isa kAvya meM 14 sarga haiN| paramparA-prApta kathAnaka ko AcArya ne mahAkAvyocita rUpa pradAna kiyA hai| prastuta mahAkAvya kA kathAnaka zrRMkhalAbaddha evaM sugaThita hai| kAvya-pravAha ko sthira evaM prabhAvotpAdaka banAye rakhane ka liye avAntara-kathAyeM bhI gumphita haiN| racanA sarasa aura rocaka hai| AcArya hariSeNa hariSeNa nAma ke kaI AcArya huye haiN| DaoN. ena. ena. upAdhye10 ne chaH hariSeNa nAma ke granthakAroM kA nirdeza kiyA hai| hariSeNa ke dAdAguru ke guru maunI bhaTTAraka jinasena kI uttaravartI dUsarI, tIsarI pIr3hI meM huye hoNge| hariSeNa punnATa saMgha ke AcArya haiM aura isI punnATa saMgha meM 'harivaMzapurANa' ke kartA jinasena prathama bhI huye haiN| hariSeNa ne kathAkoza kI racanA varddhamAnapura meM kI hai| isa sthAna ko DaoN. e. e. upAdhye kAThiyAvAr3a kA bar3avAna mAnate haiN| zaka-saMvat 853, vikrama saMvat 988 (IsvI san 931) meM kathAkozagrantha racA gayA hai| ataH antaraMga pramANa ke AdhAra para hariSeNa kA samaya I. san kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga siddha hotA hai| ___ AcArya hariSeNa ne padyabaddha vRhat kathAkoza grantha likhA hai| isa kozagrantha meM choTI-bar3I saba milAkara 157 kathAyeM haiM, aura grantha kA pramANa 'anuSTup chanda' meM 12,500 (sAr3he bAraha hajAra) zloka haiN| AcArya somadevasUri AcArya somadeva mahAn tArkika, sarasa sAhityakAra, kuzala rAjanItijJa, prabuddha 0064 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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tattvacintaka aura uccakoTi ke dharmAcArya the| unake liye prayukta hone vAle syAdvAdAcalasiMha, tArkikacakravartI, vAdIbhapaMcAnana, vAkkallolapayonidhi, kavikularAjakuMjara, anavadyagadya-padyavidyAdharacakravartI Adi vizeSaNa unakI utkRSTa prajJA aura prabhAvakArI vyaktitva ke paricAyaka haiN| 'nItivAkyAmRta' kI prazasti meM ukta sabhI upAdhiyA~ prApta hotI hai| 1 yazodava ko devasaMgha kA tilaka kahA gayA hai|42 somadeva ke saMrakSaka 'arikezarI' nAmaka cAlukya rAjA ke putra vAdyarAja yA baddiga nAmaka rAjakumAra the| yazastilaka kA praNayana gaMgadhArA nAmaka sthAna meM rahate huye kiyA gayA hai| somadeva ne apane sAhitya meM rASTrakUToM ke sAmrAjya ke tatkAlIna abhyudaya kA paricaya prastuta kiyA hai| vastutaH rASTrakUToM ke rAjyakAla meM sAhitya, kalA, darzana evaM dharma kI bahumukhI unnati huI hai| kavi kA 'yazastilakacampU' madhyakAlIna bhAratIya saMskRti ke itihAsa kA apUrva srota hai| A. somadeva IsvI san 959 arthAt dazama zatI ke vidvAnAcArya haiN| A. somadeva advitIya pratibhAzAlI kavi aura dArzanika vidvAn the| AcArya vAdirAja dArzanika, cintaka aura mahAkavi ke rUpa meM vAdirAja khyAta haiN| ye uccakoTi ke tArkika hone ke sAtha bhAvapravaNa mahAkAvya-praNetA bhI haiN| inakI buddhirUpI gAya ne jIvanaparyanta sutarkarUpI ghAsa khAkara kAvya-dugdha se sahRdayajanoM ko tRpta kiyA hai| inakI tulanA jaina-kaviyoM meM somadevasUri se aura itara saMskRta-kaviyoM meM naiSadhakAra zrIharSa se kI jA sakatI hai| prastuta vAdirAja jagadekamalla dvArA sammAnita huye the, ataH inakA samaya san 1010 se 1065 IsvI pratIta hotA hai| AcArya padmanandi prathama ____ padmanandi prathama se hamArA abhiprAya 'jambUdIvapaNNatti' ke kartA se hai| ye apane ko vIranandi kA praziSya aura balanandi kA ziSya batalAte haiN| inhoMne vijayaguru ke pAsa granthoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| grantha-racanA ke sthAna aura vahA~ ke zAsaka kA nAma nirdeza karate huye yaha batalAyA hai ki bArAMnagara kA svAmI narottamazaktibhUpAla thaa| 'jambUdIvapaNNati' ke atirikta inakI do racanAyeM aura mAnI jAtI haiM, eka hai prAkRtapadyAtmaka 'dhammarasAyaNa' aura dUsarI hai 'prkRtpNcsNgrhvRtti'| padmanandi kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1100 arthAt IsvI san 1043 ke lagabhaga siddha kiyA hai| AcArya padmanandi dvitIya padmanandi dvitIya padmanandi-paMcaviMzatikA ke racayitA haiN| inhoMne apane guru vIranandi ko namaskAra kiyA hai| AcArya padmanandi dvitIya kA samaya IsvI san 959 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0065

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ke bAda honA caahiye| amitagati se uttaravartI hone ke kAraNa padmanandi dvitIya kA samaya IsvI san kI 11vIM zatI mAnA gayA hai| amitagati ne vikrama saMvat 1073 meM apanA 'paMcasaMgraha' racA hai| 'padmanandipaMcaviMzati' atyanta lokapriya racanA rahI hai| isa para kisI ajJAta vidvAn kI saMskRta-TIkA hai| isa racanA meM 26 viSaya haiM - 1. dharmopadezAmRta, 2. dAnopadeza, 3. anityapaMcAzata, 4. ekatvasaptati, 5. yatibhAvanASTaka, 6. upAsakasaMskAra, 7. dezavratodyotana, 8. siddhastuti, 9. AlocanA, 10. sadbodhacandrodaya, 11. nizcayapaMcAzata, 12. brahmacaryarakSAvarti, 13. RSabhastotra, 14. jinadarzanastavana, 15. zrutadevatAstuti, 16, svayaMbhUstuti, 17. suprabhAtASTaka, 18. zAntinAthastotra, 19. jinapUjASTaka, 20. karuNASTaka, 21. kriyAkANDacUlikA, 22. ekatvabhAvanAdazaka, 23. paramArthaviMzati, 24 zarIrASTaka, 25. snAnASTaka, evaM 26. brhmcryaassttk| AcArya jayasena prathama 'dharmaratnAkara' nAmaka grantha ke racayitA AcArya jayasena 'lADabAgaDa' saMgha ke vidvAn the| unhoMne dharmaratnAkara kI antima prazasti meM apanI guruparamparA aMkita kI hai| isa paramparA meM batAyA hai ki dharmasena ke ziSya zAntiSeNa, zAntiSeNa ke gopasena, gopasena ke bhAvasena aura bhAvasena ke ziSya jayasena the| inhoMne apane vaMza ko 'yogIndravaMza' kahA hai| 'dharmaratnAkara' meM jo usakA racanAkAla vikrama saMvat 1055 diyA gayA hai, usakI puSTi anya pramANoM se bhI hotI hai| AcArya jayasena dvitIya AcArya jayasena dvitIya bhI amRtacandrasUri ke samAna kundakunda ke granthoM ke TIkAkAra haiN| inhoMne samayasAra kI TIkA meM amRtacandra ke nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai, aura unakI TIkA ke katipaya padya bhI yathAsthAna uddhRta kiye haiN| jayasenAcArya ke guru kA nAma somasena aura dAdA-guru kA nAma vIrasena thaa| jayasenAcArya senagaNAnvayI haiN| inhoMne anya kisI TIkA meM apanA paricaya nahIM diyA hai| jayasenAcArya ne apanI TIkAoM meM aneka zloka aura gAthAyeM anya granthoM se uddhRta kI haiN| jayasena IsvI san 1154 ke pazcAt hI huye hoNge| jayasenAcArya ne kundakunda ke samayasAra, pravacanasAra aura paMcAstikAya - ina tInoM granthoM para apanI TIkAyeM likhI haiN| inhoMne AcArya amRtacandra dvArA kI gayI TIkA se bhinna zailI meM apanI TIkA likhI hai| inakI TIkA-zailI kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM isaprakAra haiM - samasta padoM kA vyAkhyAna, Azaya kA spaSTIkaraNa, 0066 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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vyAkhyA meM nizcayanaya ke sAtha vyavahAranaya kA bhI avalambana, vyAkhyAna kI puSTi-hetu uddharaNoM kA prastutIkaraNa, evaM pAribhASika zabdoM kA spssttiikrnn| AcArya padmaprabhamaladhArideva AcArya kundakunda ke 'niyamasAra' kI 'tAtparyavRtti' nAmaka TIkA ke racayitA padmaprabhamaladhArideva haiN| inhoMne apane ko kavijanoMpayogamitra, paMcendrimaprasaravarjita aura gAtramAtraparigraha batAyA hai| padmaprabha ne apanI guruparamparA yA gaNa-gaccha kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| padmaprabhamaladhArideva 'padmanandipaMcaviMzati' ke kartA padmanandi se bhinna hI pratIta hote haiN| niyamasAra-TIkA ke sAtha 'pArzvanAthastotra' kI racanA bhI inake dvArA kI gayI hai| 'niyamasAra' kI TIkA meM 'niyamasAra' ke viSaya kA hI spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA hai| siddhAntazAsra ke marmajJa vidvAna hone ke kAraNa TIkA meM Aye huye viSayoM kA vizada spaSTIkaraNa kiyA hai| AcArya zubhacandra ___ AcArya zubhacandra kA 'jJAnArNava' yA 'yogapradIpa' nAmaka grantha prApta hai| kiMvadantI hai ki bhartRhari ko munimArga meM dRr3ha karane aura sacce yoga kA jJAna karAne ke liye zubhacandra ne 'yogapradIpa' athavA 'jJAnArNava' kI racanA kii| 'jJAnArNava' ke prArambha meM samantabhadra, devanandi, bhaTTAkalaMka aura jinasena kA smaraNa kiyA hai| isameM sabase antima jinasenasvAmI haiM, jinhoMne jayadhavalATIkA kA zeSabhAga vikrama-saMvat 894 meM samApta kiyA thaa| isase yaha spaSTa hai ki jJAnArNava kI racanA hI san 837 ke pazcAt huI hai| ataH zubhacandra kA samaya vikrama-saMvat kI 11vIM zatI honA caahiye| isase bhoja aura muMja kI samakAlInatA bhI ghaTita ho jAtI hai| zubhacandra kI ekamAtra racanA 'jJAnArNava' upalabdha hai| mahAkAvya ke samAna lekhaka ne isake viSaya kA bhI sargoM meM vibhAjana kiyA hai| samasta grantha 42 sagoM meM vibhakta haiN| anta meM jJAnArNava kA mahattva batalAte huye grantha samApta kiyA hai jJAnArNavasya mAhAtmyaM citte ko vetti tttvtH| yajJAnAttIryate bhavyairdustaro'pi bhvaarnnvt:|| AcArya anantakIrti 'vRhatsarvajJasiddhi' aura 'laghusarvajJasiddhi' ke kartA anantakIrti haiM, jinake zAntisUri ke 'jaina tarkavArtika' meM ullekha evaM uddharaNa pAye jAte haiM, tathA abhayadevasUri tarkapaMcAnana kI 'tattvabodhavidhAyinI' aparanAma 'vAdamahArNavasanmati-TIkA' meM jinakA anusaraNa pAyA jAtA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0067

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anantakIrta ke granthoM ke dekhane se jJAta hotA hai ki ve apane yuga ke prakhyAta tArkika vidvAn the, inhoMne svapnajJAna ko mAnasapratyakSa mAnA hai| anantakIrti kA samaya IsvI san 98044 ke pUrva hai| anantakIrti kA samaya jinasena ke bAda aura vArijasUri se pahale arthAt vikrama-saMvat 840 aura 1082 ke bIca mAnanA caahiye|45 AcArya malliSeNa ubhayabhASA-kavicakravartI AcArya malliSeNa apane yuga ke prakhyAta AcArya haiN| inheM 'kavizekhara' kA viruda prApta thaa| ye apane ko sakalAgamavedI, lakSaNavedI aura tarkavedI bhI likhate haiN| AcArya malliSeNa kI 'kavi' aura 'mantravAdI' ke rUpa meM vizeSa khyAti hai| ye una ajitasena kI paramparA meM huye haiM, jo gaMganareza rAcamalla aura unake mantrI tathA senApati cAmuNDarAya ke guru the aura jinheM nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ne 'bhuvanaguru' kahA hai| malliSeNa ke guru jinasena haiM aura jinasena ke kanakasena tathA kanakasena ke ajitasena46 guru haiN| AcArya malliSeNa ne apane kaI granthoM kI prazastiyoM meM apane ko kanakasena kA ziSya aura jinasena kA praziSya batalAyA hai| asambhava nahIM ki jinasena aura unake anuja narendrasena donoM hI malliSeNa ke guru rahe hoM - donoM ne bhinna-bhinna viSayoM kA adhyayana kiyA ho| isameM sandeha nahIM ki ye saMskRta-bhASA, sAhitya aura mantravAda ke prasiddha AcArya rahe haiN| malliSeNa kA samaya IsvI san kI 11vIM zatAbdI hai| inakI ye racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - nAgakumArakAvya, mahApurANa, bhairavapadmAvatIkalpa, sarasvatImantrakalpa, jvAlinIkalpa, evaM kaamcaannddaaliiklp| pravacanasAraTIkA, paMcAstikAyaTIkA, vajrapaMjaravidhAna, brahmavidyA Adi kaI grantha malliSeNa ke nAma se ullikhita milate haiN| para nizcayapUrvaka yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki ye hI malliSeNa ina granthoM ke racayitA haiN| 'vajrapaMjaravidhAna' aura 'brahmavidyA' mantra-grantha hone ke kAraNa ina malliSeNa ke sambhava haiN| vajrapaMjaravidhAna kI pANDulipi zrI jaina siddhAnta-bhavana ArA meM hai| AcArya indranandi prathama yahA~ mantrazAstravijJa jvAlamAlinIkalpa ke racayitA indranandi abhipreta haiN| ekasandhibhaTTAraka dvArA viracita jinasaMhitA meM unake pUrvavartI ATha pratiSThAcAryoM kA ullekha AyA hai| jvAlamAlinIkalpa kI prazasti se avagata hotA hai ki indranandi yogIndra mantrazAstra ke viziSTa vidvAn the tathA vAsavanandi praziSya aura bappanandi ke ziSya the| inhoMne helAcArya dvArA ucita huye artha ko lekara isa jvAlamAlinIkalpa kI racanA kI hai| 1068 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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'jvAlamAlinIkalpa' mantrazAstra kA utkRSTa grantha hai| prastuta grantha dasa paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai, jinake nAma isa prakAra haiM 1. mantrIlakSaNa arthAt divyastrIgraha, divyapuruSagraha, mantrasAdhaka ke lakSaNa; 2. divyAdivyagraha adivyastrIgraha, adivyapuruSagraha; 3. sakalIkaraNakriyA - azuddhi, bIjAkSarajJAna; 4. maNDalaparijJAna * sAmAnyamaNDala, sarvatobhadramaNDala Adi maNDaloM kA vivecana; 5. bhatAkampana taila; 6. rakSAstambhana vazya prakaraNa; 7. vazIkaraNa prakaraNa; 8. pUjanavidhi prakaraNa; 9. nIrAjanavidhi; evaM 10. ziSyaparIkSA evaM ziSyapradeyastotra Adi vivaraNa | - -------- isa mantragrantha meM bhAratI kI 8-9vIM zatI kI mAntrika - paramparA kA saMkalana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya ne jahA~-tahA~ paMcaparameSThI aura unake bIjAkSaroM kA nirdeza kara sAmAnya mantra-paramparA ko jainatva kA rUpa diyA hai| jainadarzana aura jaina-ta - tattvajJAna ke sAtha isakA koI bhI mela nahIM hai, para lokavidhi ke antargata isakI upayogitA hai| madhyakAla meM phalAkAMkSI vyakti zraddhAna se vicalita ho rahe the, ataH usa yuga meM jaina- mantroM kA vidhAna kara janasAdhAraNa ko isa lokaiSaNA meM sthita kiyA hai| AcArya jinacandrAcArya 'siddhAntasAra' grantha ke racayitA jinacandrAcArya haiN| tattvArtha kI sukhabodhikATIkA meM jo prazasti prApta hotI haiM, usameM bhAskaranandi ke guru jinacandra siddhAntazAstroM ke pAraMgata vidvAn batalAye gaye haiN| siddhAntasAragrantha kA adhyayana karane se yaha jJAta hotA hai ki isa grantha para 'gommaTasAra jIvakANDa' aura 'karmakANDa' ina donoM kA prabhAva hai| AcArya nemicandra ke gommaTasAra kA adhyayana kara hI isa grantha kI racanA jinacandra ne kI hai| siddhAntasAra kI prArambhika gAthAyeM gommaTasAra jIvakANDa se pUrNatayA prabhAvita haiN| jinacandra kA samaya nemicandra aura prabhAcandra ke madhya meM honA caahiye| arthAt IsvI san kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha yA 12vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha nizcita hai| jinacandra kA siddhAntasAra prAkRta bhASA meM nibaddha upalabdha hai| isa grantha para jJAnabhUSaNa kA saMskRta bhASya bhI hai| isakA prakAzana 'mANikacandra' granthamAlA se 'siddhAntasArAdisaMgraha' ke rUpa meM ho cukA hai| isa laghukAya grantha meM paryApta saiddhAntika viSayoM kI carcA AyI hai| AcArya zrIdharAcArya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha zrIdharAcArya gaNitasAra, jAtakatilaka, kannar3a lIlAvatI, jyotirjJAnavidhi Adi jyotiSa - viSayaka granthoM ke racayitA haiN| zrIdharAcArya ke 'jAtakatilaka' kA racanAkAla IsvI san 1049 hai| ataH 69

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zrIdharAcArya kA samaya IsvI san kI AThavIM zatI kA antima bhAga yA navama zatI kA pUrvArddha hai| zrIdharAcArya kI jyotiSa aura gaNita-viSayaka cAra racanAyeM mAnI jAtI haiM - 1. gaNitasAra yA triMzatikA; 2. jyotijJavidhi - karaNaviSayaka jyotiSa-grantha; 3. jAtakatilaka - jAtaka-sambandhI phalita-grantha; evaM 4. bIjagaNita - bIjagaNitaviSayaka gnnit-grnth| inameM se jAtakatilaka kannar3a-bhASA meM likhita jAtaka-sambandhI grantha hai| AcArya durgadeva AcArya durgadeva digambara-paramparA ke haiN| jaina-sAhitya saMzodhaka meM prakAzita 'bRhaTTippaNikA' nAmaka prAcIna jaina-grantha sUcI meM 'maraNakaNDikA' aura 'mantrodadhi' ke kartA durgadeva ko digambara AmnAya kA AcArya mAnA hai| 'riSTasamuccaya' kI prazasti se jJAta hotA hai ki inake guru kA nAma 'saMyamadeva'48 thaa| durgadeva ne 'riSTasamuccaya' grantha kI racanA lakSmInivAsa rAjA ke rAjya meM kumbhanagara nAmaka pahAr3I nagara ke zAntinAtha jinAlaya meM kI hai| vizeSajJoM kA anumAna hai ki yaha kumbhanagara bharatapura ke nikaTa 'kumhara', 'kumbhera' athavA 'kumbherI' nAma kA prasiddha sthAna hI hai| isa grantha kI racanA zaurasenI-prAkRta meM huI hai| ___'riSTasamuccaya' kI prazasti meM saMyamadeva aura durgadeva - ina donoM kI vidvattA kA varNana AyA hai| durgadeva ke guru saMyamadeva SaDdarzana ke jJAtA, jyotiSa, vyAkaraNa aura rAjanIti meM pUrNa niSNAta the| ye siddhAntazAsra ke pAragAmI the aura muniyoM meM sarvazreSTha the| ina yazasvI yamadeva ke ziSya durgadeva bhI vizuddha caritravAn aura sakalazAstroM ke marmajJa paNDita the| durgadeva IsvI san kI 11vIM zatI ke vidvAn haiN| durgadeva kI ye racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - riSTasamuccaya, arghakANDa, maraNakaNDikA, evaM mntrmhoddhi| graMthakartA ke jIvana kI chApa grantha meM rahatI hai -- isa niyama ke anusAra yaha spaSTa hai ki AcArya durgadeva eka acche mantravettA the| 'mantramahodadhi' mantrazAstra kA mahattvapUrNa grantha hai| AcArya padmakIrti ___ 'pAsaNAhacariu' ke kartA muni padmakIrti haiN| isa graMtha kI pratyeka sandhi ke antima kar3avaka ke patte meM 'pauma' zabda kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai| 14vIM aura 18vIM sandhiyoM ke antima pattoM meM 'paumakittimuNi' kA prayoga A jAtA hai, jisase spaSTa hai ki AcArya padmakIrtimuni ne 'pAsaNAhacariu' kI racanA kii| padmakIrti ke guru jinasena, dAdAguru mAdhavasena aura paradAdAguru candrasena the| senasaMgha atyanta prasiddha rahA hai aura isa sasaMgha meM bar3e-bar3e AcArya utpanna huye haiN| padmakIrti dAkSiNAtya the, kyoMki senasaMgha kA prabhutva dakSiNa bhArata meM rahA hai| 070 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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'pAsaNAhacariu' ke varNanoM se bhI inakA dAkSiNAtya honA siddha hotA hai| yuddhavarNana - sambandha meM karnATaka aura mahArASTra ke vIroM kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai| ataeva janmabhUmi ke prema ke kAraNa kavi ko dAkSiNAtya mAnane meM kisI prakAra kI bAdhA nahIM hai| arthAt 18 saMdhiyoM se yukta yaha purANa 63 purANoM meM sabase adhika pradhAna hai / nAnAprakAra ke chandoM se suzobhita 310 kar3avaka tathA 3323 se kucha adhika paMktiyA~ isa grantha kA parimANa haiN| AcArya padmakIrti ne dharma, darzana aura kAvya kI triveNI isa grantha meM ekasAtha pravAhita kI hai| AcArya indranandi dvitIya paM. jugalakizora jI ne anumAna kiyA thA ki 'cheda- piNDa' ke racayitA indranandi 'malliSeNaprazasti' meM nirdiSTa indranandi haiM / indranandi kA samaya IsvI san kI 10vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha yA 11vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha honA sambhava hai| indranandi kA 'chedapiNDa' nAmaka grantha upalabdha hotA hai| isa grantha kA prakAzana mANikacandra granthamAlA se vikrama saMvat 1978 meM huA hai| prakAzita prati meM 362 gAthAyeM haiM, para grantha meM nibaddha gAthA meM 333 hI gAthAoM kI saMkhyA batAyI hai aura zloka - pramANa 420 batAyA gayA hai| nAmAnusAra tattadadhikAra meM honevAle doSa aura ina doSoM ke nirAkaraNArtha prAyazcittavidhi kA varNana AyA hai| vastutaH yaha prAyazcitazAstra Atma-zuddhi ke liye atyanta upayogI hai| mUlaguNa aura uttaraguNoM meM pramAda yA ajJAna se laganevAle doSoM kA kathana kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vasunandi prathama - - vasunandi prathama ne 'pratiSThAsaMgraha' kI racanA saMskRta bhASA meM kI hai aura zrAvakAcAra' yA 'upAsakAdhyayana' kI racanA prAkRta bhASA meN| ataH spaSTa hai ki ve ubhaya bhASA ke jJAtA the| yahI kAraNa hai ki vasunandi ko uttaravartI AcAryoM ne 'saiddhAntika ' upAdhi dvArA ullikhita kiyA hai / kundakundAcArya kI paramparA meM zrInandi nAma ke AcArya huye| unake ziSya nayanandi aura nayanandi ke ziSya nemicandra huye / nemicandra prasAda se vasunandi ne yaha 'upAsakAdhyayana' likhA hai| grantharacanAkAra vasunandi ne isa grantha ke nirmANa kA samaya nahIM diyA hai| vasunandi kA samaya IsvI san kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA antima caraNa yA 12vIM zatAbdI kA prathama caraNa sambhava hai| AcArya vasunandi ke 'pratiSThAsArasaMgraha', 'upAsakAcAra' aura 'mUlAcAra kI AcAravRtti' ye tIna grantha haiN| ' AptamImAMsAvRtti' aura 'jinazataka' TIkA ke racayitA anya vasunandi haiN| ina samasta granthoM meM inakI sabase mahattvapUrNa racanA 'upAsakAdhyayana' yA ' zrAvakAcAra' hai| 4 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0071

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AcArya rAmasenAcArya AcArya rAmasenAcArya 'tattvAnuzAsana' ke kartA the| 'tattvAnuzAsana' ke anta meM prazasti dI gayI hai, jisameM AcArya ne apane vidyAguru aura dIkSAguru kA nirdeza kiyA hai| 'tattvAnuzAsana' ke racayitA muni rAmasena senagaNa ke AcArya haiN| rAmasenAcArya guNabhadra ke uttarakAlIna haiN| guNabhadra kA 'uttarapurANa' zaka-saMvat 950 meM pUrNa huA hai| ataeva rAmasena ke samaya kI pUrvasImA 950 taka pahu~ca jAtI hai| rAmasena kA samaya IsvI san kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha hai| tattvAnuzAsana' nAmaka graMtha meM 259 padya haiN| isa graMtha kA prakAzana mANikacandra graMthamAlA ke graMthAMka 13 meM kiyA gayA hai| isa prakAzana meM isa graMtha ke racayitA nAgasena batalAye haiM, para AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra ne isa grantha kA saMzodhita saMskaraNa prakAzita kiyA hai, jisameM isake racayitA rAmasenAcArya siddha kiye haiN| yaha grantha adhyAtma-viSayaka hai aura svAnubhUti se anuprANita hai| isa grantha meM vistArapUrvaka dhyAna kA varNana AyA hai| AcArya gaNadharakIrti ___AcArya gaNadharakIrti adhyAtma-viSaya ke vidvAn haiN| ye darzana-vyAkaraNa aura sAhitya ke pAraMgata vidvAn the| gadya aura padya - donoM meM likhane kI kSamatA inameM vidyamAna thii| adhyAtmataraMgiNI ke TIkAkAra ke rUpa meM gaNadharakIrti kI khyAti hai| ye gujarAta pradeza ke nivAsI the| inhoMne apanI yaha TIkA somadeva nAma ke kisI vyakti ke anurodha se racI hai| yaha TIkA gujarAta ke cAlukyavaMzI rAjA jayasiMha yA siddharAja jayasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM samApta kI thii| vikrama saMvat 1189, caitra zuklA paMcamI, ravivAra, puSya nakSatra meM isa TIkA kI racanA kI gayI thii| zrI paM. paramAnanda jI zAstrI ne isakI do pANDulipiyoM kI carcA kI hai| eka pANDulipi 'ailaka pannAlAla digambara jaina sarasvatI bhavana, jhAlarApATana' meM hai| yaha prati vikrama saMvat 1533 Azvina zukla dvitIyA ke dina 'hisAra' meM likhI gayI hai| yaha prati sunAmapura ke vAsI khaNDelavAlavaMzI saMghAdhipati zrAvaka kalhU ke cAra putroM meM se prathama putra dhIrA kI patnI dhanazrI ke dvArA apane jJAnAvaraNI karma ke kSayArtha likhakara tAtkAlika bhaTTAraka jinacandra ke ziSya paNDita medhAvI ko pradAna kI hai| dUsarI prati pATana ke zvetAmbarI zAsabhaNDAra meM hai| AcArya bhaTTavosari AcArya bhaTTavosari jyotiSa aura nimittazAstra ke AcArya haiN| ye digambarAcArya dAmanandi ke ziSya the| bhaTTavosari ne guru dAmanandi ke pAsa se AyoM kA rahasya prApta kara Aya-viSayaka sampUrNa zAsroM ke sArarUpa meM yaha grantha likhA hai| isa grantha para 0072 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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svayaM granthakAra kI racI huI saMskRta - TIkA bhI hai| TIkA athavA mUlagrantha meM racayitA ne racanA-samaya kA nirdeza nahIM kiyA hai| bhASA-zailI aura viSaya ina donoM hI dRSTiyoM se Aya - jJAnatilaka 11vIM zatAbdI se pahale kI racanA pratIta hotI hai| isa grantha meM 415 gAthAyeM aura 25 prakaraNa haiN| praznazAstra kI dRSTi se yaha mahattvapUrNa hai| isameM vajra, dhUma, siMha, gaja, khara, zvAna, vRSa aura dhvAMkSa ina ATha AyoM dvArA praznoM ke phala kA sundara varNana kiyA hai| inhoMne ATha AyoM dvArA sthira cakra aura cala - cakrAdika kI racanA kara vividha praznoM ke uttara diye haiN| isa prakAra praznAkSaroM dvArA phalAdeza - vidhi kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| praznakarttA kI zArIrika zuddhi ke sAtha mAntrika zuddhi bhI apekSita hai| AcArya ne tana-mana kI zuddhi kA varNana kara anta meM mAntrika zuddhi kA vidhAna kiyA hai| prazna- zAstra kI dRSTi se yaha grantha vizeSa mahattvapUrNa hai| - AcArya ugrAditya Ayurveda ke vizeSajJa vidvAn ugrAdityAcArya ne apanA vizeSa paricaya nahIM likhA hai| inhoMne apane guru kA nAma zrInandi, grantha-nirmANa sthAna rAmagiri parvata batAyA hai| zrInandi nAma ke kaI AcArya huye haiN| nandisaMgha kI paTTAvalI meM ullikhita zrInandi hI ugrAdityAcArya ke guru haiN| ina zrInandi kA samaya saMvat 749 hai| yadi isako zaka saMvat mAna liyA jAye, to ugrAditya AcArya nandi - saMgha ke AcArya siddha hote haiN| - ugrAdityAcArya kA 'kalyANakAraka' nAmaka eka vRhadkAya grantha prApta hai| isa grantha meM 25 paricchedoM ke atirikta anta meM pariziSTa-rUpa meM 'ariSTadhyAya' aura 'hitAdhyAya' ye do adhyAya bhI Aye haiM / granthakarttA ne pratyeka pariccheda ke Arambha meM jinendra bhagavAn ko namaskAra kiyA hai| grantha racane kI pratijJA, uddezya Adi kA varNana gayA hai| pariziSTa-rUpa meM 'riSTAdhikAra' meM ariSToM kA varNana aura hitAdhyAya meM pathyApathya kA nirUpaNa AyA hai| Ayurveda kI dRSTi se yaha grantha atyanta upayogI evaM mahattvapUrNa hai| inakA samaya IsvI san kI 13vIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga honA sambhava hai| inakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta haiM pramAprameya, kathA- vicAra, zAkaTAyanavyAkaraNa-TIkA, kAtantrarUpamAlA, nyAyasUryAvali, bhukti-muktivicAra, siddhAntasAra, nyAyadIpikA, saptadArthI - TIkA, evaM vizvatattvaprakAza / yaha vizvatattvaprakAza bhI kisI grantha kA eka pariccheda hI pratIta hotA hai / sambhavataH pUrNa grantha AcArya kA dUsarA hI rahA hogaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 73

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AcArya nayasena 'dharmAmRta' ke racayitA AcArya nayasena kA janmasthAna dhAravAr3a jile kA mUlagundA nAmaka tIrthasthAna hai| uttaravartI kaviyoM ne unheM 'sukavi-nikara-pikamAkanda', 'sukavijana-mana:saroja-rAjahaMsa' evaM 'vAtsalyaratnAkara' Adi vizeSaNoM se vibhUSita kiyA hai| nayasena ke guru kA nAma narendrasena thaa| nayasenAcArya saMskRta, tamila aura kannar3a ke dhurandhara vidvAn the| inhoMne 'dharmAmRta' ke atirikta kannar3a kA eka vyAkaraNa bhI racA hai| inhoMne apane ko 'tarkavAgIza' kahA hai tathA apane ko cAlukyavaMza ke bhuvanaikamalla (zaka saMvat 1069-1076) dvArA vandanIya kahA hai| ___ 'dharmAmRta' meM grantharacanA kA samaya diyA huA hai| isase inakA samaya IsvI san kI 12vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha siddha hotA hai| 'dharmAmRta' grantha meM kathAoM ke mAdhyama se dharma ke mahattvapUrNa siddhAnta pratipAdita kiye gaye haiN| zrAvakAcAra kI prAyaH sabhI bAteM isa graMtha meM batAyI gayI haiN| viSaya-pratipAdana karane kI vidhi atyanta sarala aura sarasa hai| kathAtmaka-zailI meM dharmasiddhAntoM kA nirUpaNa kiyA gayA hai| AcArya vIranandi siddhAntacakravartI _ 'AcArasAra' ke racayitA vIranandi siddhAntacakravartI mUlasaMgha, pustakagaccha aura dezIyagaNa ke AcArya haiN| inake guru meghacandra siddhAntacakravartI the| meghacandra ke ziSya vIranandi kA samaya IsvI san kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA madhya bhAga hai| vIranandi siddhAntacakravartI kI eka hI kRti prApta hai - 'aacaarsaar'| isameM muniyoM ke AcAra kA vistArapUrvaka varNana kiyA gayA hai| grantha 12 paricchedoM meM vibhakta hai| zrutamuni zrutamuni kI tIna racanAyeM prApta hotI haiM - 1. paramAgamasAra, 2. AsravatribhaMgI, evaM 4. bhaavtribhNgii| 'AsravatribhaMgI' meM 62 gAthAyeM haiM, jinameM Asrava ke 57 bhedoM kA guNasthAnoM meM kathana kiyA gayA hai| 'bhAvatribhaMgI' meM 116 gAthAyeM haiN| isa grantha meM guNasthAna aura mArgaNAsthAnakramAnusAra bhAvoM kA varNana AyA hai| 'paramAgamasAra' meM 230 gAthAyeM haiM, aura Agama ke svarUpa tathA bheda-prabhadoM kA varNana AyA hai| donoM tribhaMgI-grantha 'mANikacandra granthamAlA' se granthasaMkhyA 20 meM prakAzita haiN| AcArya hastimalla hastimalla vatsyagotrIya brAhmaNa the aura inake pitA kA nAma govindabhaTTa thaa| ye dakSiNa-bhArata ke nivAsI the| vikrAntakaurava nATaka kI prazasti se avagata hotA hai ki govindabhaTTa ne svAmI samantabhadra ke prabhAva se AkRSTa hokara mithyAtva tyAga 0074 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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kara jainadharma grahaNa kiyA thaa| govindabhaTTa ke chaH putra the - 1. zrIkumArakavi, 2. satyavAkya, 3. devaravallabha, 4. udayabhUSaNa, 5. hastimalla, evaM 6. vrddhmaan| ye chahoM putra kavIzvara the| hastimalla ke sarasvatI-svayaMvara-vallabha, mahAkavi-tallaja aura sUktiratnAkara viruda1 the| unake bar3e bhAI satyavAkya ne 'kavisAmrAjyalakSmIpati' kahakara hastimalla kI sUktiyoM kI prazaMsA kI hai| 'rAjAvalikathe' ke kartA ne unheM 'dvayabhASAkavicakravartI' likhA hai| hastimalla ke putra kA nAma pArzvapaNDita batAyA jAtA hai, joki pitA ke samAna hI yazasvI aura bahuzAstrajJa thaa| 'guDDipattanadvIpa' vartamAna 'tanjaura' jilAntargata 'dopanaguDi' sthAna hI hai| nATakakAra hastimalla isI sthAna ke nivAsI the| unakA yaha upAdhiprApta nAma hai| unakA vAstavika nAma malliSeNa thaa| paravAdIrUpI hastiyoM ko vaza karane ke kAraNa hastimalla yaha upAdhinAma bAda meM prasiddha huA hogaa| inake nATakoM ke adhyayana se avagata hotA hai ki AcArya-hastimalla, bahubhASAvid, kAmazAsrajJa, siddhAntatarkavijJa evaM vividha zAsroM ke jJAtA the| hastimalla senasaMgha ke AcArya haiM aura ye vIrasena aura jinasena kI paramparA meM huye haiN| hastimalla kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1217-1237 (IsvI san 1161-1181) taka mAnA gayA hai| ubhayabhASAkavicakravartI AcArya-hastimalla ke nimnalikhita cAra nATaka aura eka purANa-grantha prApta hai - 1. vikrAntakaurava, 2. maithilIkalyANama, 3. aMjanApavanaMjayaM, 4. subhadranATikA, evaM 5. aadipuraann| inake dvArA viracita eka pratiSThApATha bhI batAyA jAtA hai| uparyukta cAra nATakoM ke atirikta udayanarAja, bharatarAja, arjunarAja aura meghezvara - ye cAra nATaka aura inake dvArA viracita mAne jAte haiN| bharatarAja sambhavataH subhadrAnATikA aura meghezvara vikrAntakaurava kA hI aparanAma hai| udayanarAja aura arjunarAja ina do nATakoM ke sambandha meM abhI taka yathArtha jAnakArI upalabdha nahIM hai| AcArya mAghanandi inhoMne 'zAstrasArasamuccaya' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| isa grantha ke anta meM eka padya aMkita hai, jisameM mAghanandi yogIndra ko 'siddhAntAmbodhicandramA' kahA gayA hai| 'zAsrasArasamuccaya' ke kartA kA samaya IsvI san kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga hai| yaha grantha cAra adhyAyoM meM vibhakta hai| prathama adhyAya meM 20 sUtra haiM, dvitIya adhyAya meM 45 sUtra hai, tRtIya adhayAya meM 66 sUtra hai, jabaki caturtha adhyAya meM 65 sUtra haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0075

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AcArya vajranandi malliSeNaprazasti meM vajranandi kA nAma AyA hai, inheM 'navastotra' kA racayitA batAyA hai| ye vahI vajranandi mAlUma hote haiM, jo pUjyapAda ke ziSya the aura jinheM devasenasUri ne apane 'darzanasAra' meM drAviDasaMgha kA saMsthApaka batalAyA hai| 'navastotra' ke atirikta inakA koI pramANagrantha bhI thaa| jinasena ke ullekha se inake kisI siddhAntagrantha ke hone kI bhI sambhAvanA kI jA sakatI hai| AcArya mahAsena dvitIya jinasena prathama ne apane harivaMzapurANa meM 'sulocanAkathA' ke racayitA mahAsena kA ullekha kiyA hai| dhavala kavi ne bhI apabhraMza ke 'harivaMzapurANa' meM 'sulocanAkathA' kI prazaMsA kI hai| 'kuvalayamAlA' ke racayitA udyotanasUri ne bhI mahAsenakavi kI sulocanAkathA kI carcA kI hai| yaha kathA sambhavataH prAkRta meM rahI hogii| udyotanasUri ne jinasena prathama se 5 varSa pUrva apane grantha kI racanA kI hai| ataeva yaha nizcita hai ki donoM ke dvArA prazaMsita 'sulocanAkathA' eka hI hai| ataH mahAsena kA samaya IsvI san kI 8vIM zatAbdI kA uttarArddha yA 9vIM zatAbdI kA pUrvArddha honA caahiye| AcArya sumatideva malliSeNaprazasti meM sumatideva nAma ke AcArya kA ullekha hai, jo 'sumatisaptaka' ke racayitA haiN| malliSeNaprazasti meM kundakunda, samantabhadra, siMhanandi, vakragrIva, vajranandi aura pAtrakesarI ke pazcAt sumatideva kI stuti kiye jAne ke kAraNa inakA samaya 7vIM-8vIM zatAbdI anumAnita kiyA hai| AcArya padmasiMha muni padmasiMhamuni ne 'jJAnasAra' nAmaka prAkRta-grantha kI racanA vikrama saMvat 1086 meM 'ambaka' nAma ke nagara meM kI hai| padmasiMhamuni ne yaha racanA 63 gAthAyeM, 74 zloka pramANa meM racI haiN| ina gAthAoM se spaSTa hai ki kavi jJAna, pramANa, naya, karmasiddhAnta Adi viSayoM kA pUrNa jJAtA hai| AcArya mAdhavacandra traividya mAdhavacandra nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI ke ziSya mAdhavacandra vidya haiM, jinahoMne apane guru kI sammati se kucha gAthAyeM yatra-tatra samAviSTa kI haiN| AcArya jugalakizora mukhtAra aura premIjI donoM hI 'gommaTasAra' meM ullikhita tathA 'trilokasAra' ke saMskRtaTIkAkAra ko nemicandra siddhAntacakravartI kA ziSya mAnate haiM, 0076 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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para DaoN. jyotiprasAda jI ne 'kSapaNAsAra' kI prazasti ke AdhAra para usakA racanAsthAna dullakapura yA chullakapura yA kolhApura batAyA hai| AcArya nayanandi AcArya nayanandi apane yuga ke prasiddha AcArya haiN| inake guru kA nAma mANikyanandi vidya thaa| nayanandi ne apane grantha 'sudaMsaNacariu' meM apanI guru-paramparA aMkita kI hai| prazasti se spaSTa hai ki sunakSatra, padmanandi, vizvanandi, nandanandi, viSNunandi, vizAkhanandi, rAmanandi, mANikyanandi aura nayanandi nAmaka AcArya huye haiN| 'sudaMsaNacariu' kA racanAkAla svayaM hI granthakartA ne aMkita kiyA hai| yaha grantha vikrama saMvat 1100 meM racA gayA hai| AcArya ne batAyA hai ki avanti deza kI dhArA nagarI meM jaba tribhuvananArAyaNa zrIniketananareza bhojadeva kA rAjya thA, usI samaya dhArA nagarI ke eka jaina-mandira meM baiThakara vikrama-saMvat 1100 meM 'sudarzanacarita' kI racanA kii| nayanandi kA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 11vIM zatAbdI kA antima aura 12vIM zatI kA prArambhika bhAga hai| nayanandi kI 'sudaMsaNacariu' aura 'sayalavihivihANakavva' nAmaka do racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| sudaMsaNacariu apabhraMza kA eka prabandhakAvya hai, jo mahAkAvya kI koTi meM parigaNita kiyA jA sakatA hai| rocaka kathAvastu ke kAraNa AkarSaka hone ke sAtha sAlaMkAra kAvya-kalA kI dRSTi se bhI yaha grantha ucca-koTi kA hai| 'sakalavidhividhAna' kAvya 58 sandhiyoM meM samApta huA hai, para yaha grantha apUrNa hI upalabdha hai| isa grantha kI racanA kI preraNA muni harisiMha ne kI thii| isa graMtha kI sAmagrI atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| saMsAra kI asAratA aura manuSya kI unnati-avanati kA isameM hRdayagrAhI citraNa AyA hai| 4. paramparApoSakAcArya ___'paramparApoSaka' AcAryoM se abhiprAya una bhaTTArakoM se hai, jinhoMne digambara-paramparA kI rakSA ke liye prAcIna AcAryoM dvArA nirmita granthoM ke AdhAra para apane navIna-grantha likhe| sArasvatAcArya aura prabuddhAcArya meM jaisI maulika-pratibhA samAviSTa thI, vaisI maulika-pratibhA paramparApoSaka-AcAryoM meM nahIM pAyI jaatii| sAmAnyataH yahA~ para inakA paricayAtmaka vivaraNa prakaraNa-prApta hai, kintu isakI vyApakatA tathA yogadAna ko pRthaktaH rekhAMkita karane ke liye maiM inakA agale khaNDa meM svataMtra-rUpa se varNana kruuNgaa| isIliye yahA~ para inakA ullekha nahIM kara rahA huuN| kRpayA jijJAsu pAThaka-vRnda isa krama-parivartana ko anyathA na lete huye yaha sAmagrI AgAmI khaNDa meM dekhane kA kaSTa kreN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0077

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5. AcAryatulya kavi aura lekhaka digambara-paramparA ke zruta kA saMrakSaNa aura vistAra AcAryoM ke atirikta gRhastha lekhaka aura kaviyoM ne bhI kiyA hai| paMDita AzAdhara jaise bahuzrutajJa vidvAn isa paramparA meM huye haiM, jinhoMne maulika racanAoM ke sAtha aneka granthoM kI TIkAyeM aura TippaNa bhI likhe haiN| mahAkavi raidhU, asaga, haricanda Adi ne bhI racanAyeM likhakara ArAtIya-paramparA ke vikAsa meM yogadAna diyA hai| AcArya jinasena, mahAkavi puSpadanta kI paramparA kA vikAsa vibhinna bhASAoM dvArA racita vAGmaya ke AdhAra para kiyA hai| prabuddha AcAryoM ne jina paurANika mahAkAvyoM ke racanAtantra kA prArambha kiyA thA, usa racanAtantra kA samyak vikAsa ina kaviyoM dvArA huaa| saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI, kannar3a, tamila, telugU Adi bhASAoM meM kaviyoM aura lekhakoM ne siddhAnta aura AcAraviSayaka racanAyeM likhakara zruta-paramparA kA vikAsa kiyA hai| ye lekhaka aura kavi bhI vAGmaya ke sraSTA aura saMvarddhaka haiN| isa zreNI ke kavi aura lekhakoM meM asaga, haricanda, arhaddAsa, AzAdhara, dhabhaMdhara, doDya, jagannAtha, lakSmIcandra, rAmacandra mumukSu, padmanAbha kAyastha, kavivara banArasIdAsa, paMDita rAmacandra, brahma kAmarAja, rUpacandra, rUpacandra pANDeya, harapAla, kezavasena, akSayarAma, devadatta, paMDita dharasena, zivabhirAma, brahma rAjamala Adi pramukha haiN| sAdhAraNataH ina kaviyoM aura lekhakoM meM adhikAMza kA sambandha bhaTTArakoM ke sAtha hai| yaha bhI sambhava hai ki inameM se do-cAra kavi yA lekhaka bhaTTAraka bhI rahe hoM, para racanAoM se inakA jIvana sAMsArika gRhastha ke samAna hI pratIta hotA hai| isI kAraNa hamane inakI gaNanA kaviyoM aura lekhakoM meM kI hai| paramparapoSaka AcAryoM dvArA nirmita vAGmaya ko nimnalikhita vargoM meM vibhakta kiyA jA sakatA hai-1. nyAya-darzanaviSayaka vAGmaya, 2. adhyAtma evaM siddhAnta-sambandhI vAGmaya, 3. caritra yA AcAramUlaka dhArmika vAGmaya, 4. paurANikacaritagrantha, 5. laghuprabandhagrantha, 6. dUtakAvya, 7. prabandhAtmaka prazastimUlaka grantha, 8. aitihAsika grantha, 9. sandhAnakAvya, 10. sUktikAvya, 11. stotra, pUjA aura bhakti-viSayaka sAhitya, 12. saMhitA-viSayaka sAhitya, 13. mantra-tantra evaM camatkAra-viSayaka sAhitya, 14. vratamAhAtmya-sambandhI sAhitya, 15. udyApana evaM kriyAkANDa-viSayaka sAhitya, evaM 16. jyotiSa-Ayurveda-viSayaka saahity| saMkSepa meM, paramparApoSaka-AcAryoM ne apanI pratibhA kA pUrNa pradarzana kara lokahita-sAdhaka vAGmaya kA praNayana vizeSarUpa meM kiyA hai| bhale hI Agama, darzana, adhyAtma Adi viSayoM meM nUtanatA kA samAveza na huA ho, para laukika sAhitya kA prabhUta praNayana kara janamAnasa ko apanI ora AkRSTa karane kA pUrNa prayAsa kiyA hai| 40 78 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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pramukha evaM prabhAvaka paramparApoSaka- AcAryoM kA saMkSipta paricaya nimnAnusAra haiAcArya pArzvadeva AcArya pArzvadeva laukika-viSayoM ke marmajJa paNDita haiN| inhoMne anya zAstroM ke sAtha saMgItazAstra - sambandhI grantha kI racanA kI hai| pArzvadeva mahAdevArya ke ziSya aura abhayacandra ke praziSya the| kRSNamAcArya ne inheM zrIkAnta jAti ke 'Adideva' evaM 'gaurI' kA putra batAyA hai| inakI 'zrutajJAnacakravartI', 'saMgItakAra' aura 'bhASApravINa' upAdhiyA~ thiiN| zrInArAyaNa morezvara khare ne pArzvadeva ko dAkSiNAtya anumAnita kiyA hai| 'saMgItasamayasAra' meM kevala dezI saMgIta para hI vicAra kiyA gayA hai| pArzvadeva kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI kA antima pAda yA 13vIM zatAbdI kA prathama pAda honA sambhava hai| pArzvadeva kI 'saMgItasamayasAra' nAmaka eka hI kRti upalabdha hai| graMtha nava-adhikaraNoM meM samApta huA hai| isa prakAra pArzvadeva ne apane isa grantha meM saMgIta kI upAdeyatA svIkAra kI hai aura ise samAdhiprApti kA kAraNa mAnA hai| ataH dharmazAstra ke samAna hI saMgItazAstra kA mahattva svIkAra kiyA hai| AcArya bhAskaranandi tattvArtha ke TIkAkAroM meM bhAskaranandi kA apanA sthAna hai| bhAskaranandi ke guru kA nAma jinacandra aura jinacandra ke guru kA nAma sarvasAdhu thaa| bhAskaranandi kA samaya vikrama-saMvat 16vIM zatI hai| bhAskaranandi kI eka racanA upalabdha hai 'tattvArthasUtravRtti' - sukhasubodhaTIkA / isakA prakAzana maisUra vizvavidyAlaya ne kiyA hai| TIkAkAra ne pUjyapAda ke sAtha akalaMka aura vidyAnanda ke graMthoM se bhI prabhAva arjita kiyA hai| isa vRtti kI pramukha vizeSatAyeM isaprakAra haiM- viSaya- spaSTIkaraNa ke sAtha navIna siddhAntoM kI sthApanA, pUrvAcAyoM dvArA pratipAdita siddhAntoM ko AtmasAt kara unakA apane rUpa meM prastutIkaraNa, graMthAntaroM ke uddharaNoM kA prastutIkaraNa, mUla mAnyatAoM kA vistAra evaM pUjyapAda kI zailI kA anusaraNa karane para bhI maulikatA kA smaavesh| inakI eka anya racanA 'dhyAnastava' bhI hai, jo rAmasena ke 'tattvAnuzAsana' ke AdhAra para racita hai| AcAryaM brahmadeva adhyAtmazailI ke TIkAkAroM meM AcArya brahmadeva kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| ye jainasiddhAnta ke marmajJa vidvAn the| zrI paNDita paramAnanda jI zAstrI ne apane eka nibandha meM batAyA hai ki 'dravyasaMgraha' ke racayitA nemicandra siddhAntadeva, vRttikAra brahmadeva aura somarAja zreSThi ye tInoM hI samasAmayika haiN| utthAnikAvAkya se yaha spaSTa hai ki brahmadeva kI TIkA aura dravyasaMgraha donoM hI bhoja ke kAla meM race gaye haiN| ataeva brahmadeva kA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 12vIM zatAbdI honA caahiye| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 79

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brahmadeva kA samaya IsvI man kI 12vIM zatI hai| inakI racanAyeM haiM - vRhadrvyasaMgraha kI TIkA, paramAtmaprakAza kI TIkA, tattvadIpaka, jJAnadIpaka, pratiSThAtilaka, vivAhapaTala, evaM kthaakoss| brahmadeva kI TIkA-zailI para bhASyAtmaka hone para bhI sarala hai| vyAkhyAyeM naye rUpa meM prastuta kI gayI hai| anya granthoM se jo uddharaNa prastuta kiye gaye haiM, unakA viSaya ke sAtha mela baiThatA hai| TIkAkAra ke vyaktitva ke sAtha mUla-lekhaka kA / vyaktitva bhI brahmadeva meM samAviSTa hai| AcArya ravicandra AcArya ravicandra apane ko 'munIndra' kahate haiN| unakA nivAsa sthAna karnATaka-prAnta ke antargata 'panasoja' nAma kA sthAna hai| abhilekhoM se inakA samaya IsvI san kI dazama zatAbdI siddha hotA hai|52 ___ isa paricaya se itanA to spaSTa hai ki AcArya dakSiNa-bhArata ke nivAsI the aura inhoMne jaina-Agama kA pANDitya prApta kiyA thaa| 'ArAdhanAsAra' meM ravicandra ne pUrvAcAryoM ke aneka uddharaNa prastuta kiye haiN| ataeva inakA samaya I. san kI 12vIM zatAbdI kA antima pAda yA 13vIM zatI kA prathama pAda saMbhava hai| ravicandra kA 'ArAdhanAsArasamuccaya' saMskRtapadyoM meM likhA gayA upalabdha hai| isa grantha meM samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna, samyakcAritra aura samyaktapa - ina cAroM ArAdhanAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| ravicandra ne yaha samasta grantha AryAchanda meM likhA hai| AcArya abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI mUlasaMgha, dezIyagaNa, pustakagaccha, koNDakundAnvaya kI 'iMgalezvarI' zAkhA ke zrIsamudAya meM mAghanandi bhaTTAraka huye haiN| inake nemicandra bhaTTAraka aura abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI - ye do ziSya huye haiN| abhayacandra bAlacandra paNDita ke zrutaguru the| abhayacandra ke samAdhimaraNa se sambandhita abhilekha meM kahA gayA hai ki vaha chancha, nyAya, nighaNTu, zabda, samaya, alaMkAra, bhUcakra, pramANazAstra Adi ke viziSTa vidvAn the| zrutamuni kA samaya IsvI san kI 13vIM zatAbdI nizcita hai| abhayacandra siddhAntacakravartI ne 'karmaprakRti' nAmaka grantha kI racanA kI hai| inako gommaTasAra jIvakANDa kI 'mandaprabodhikA TIkA' kA racayitA bhI mAnA hai| isa grantha meM samasta 146 uttaraprakRtiyoM kA svarUpa-nirdhAraNa aura bheda batalAye gaye haiN| ___ isa prakAra saMkSepataH ullikhita jainAcArya-paramparA ke paricayAtmaka-vivaraNa se 00 80 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki jainAcAryoM dvArA na kevala dhArmika aura dArzanika kSetroM meM, apitu jJAna-vijJAna ke kSetra meM bhI bahuAyAmI-graMthoM kA praNayana kara bhAratIya saMskRti aura sAhitya ko abhinava-kSitija pradAna kiye gaye haiN| bhAratIya sAhitya aura prAtibhajJAna kI paramparA meM inakA yogadAna atulanIya hai| bhAratIya-sAhitya kA itihAsa likhanevAle adhikAMza lekhakoM ne inakI upekSA sAmpradAyika-dRSTikoNa se kI hai athavA viSayajJAna kI vyApakatA na hone se kI hai| isase bhAratIya-sAhitya kI vyApakatA kA pUrNabodha nahIM ho pAyA hai| ataH yaha Avazyaka hai inake prakAzya-saMskaraNoM meM ye tathya niSpakSatA meM jor3e jAyeM tAki sampUrNa vizva ke samakSa bhAratIya-vAGmaya kI garimA kA sampUrNatA se bodha ho ske| saMskRta-bhASA ke kavi aura lekhaka saMskRta-kAvya kA prAdurbhAva bhAratIya-sabhyatA ke uSa:kAla meM hI huA thaa| jaina-kaviyoM aura dArzanikoM ne darzanazAstra ke gahana aura gUDha granthoM kA praNayana saMskRta-bhASA meM bhI kiyA thA tathA darzana ke kSetra ko apanI mahattvapUrNa racanAoM ke dvArA samRddha bnaayaa| pramukha evaM prabhAvaka saMskRtabhASI kaviyoM evaM lekhakoM kA saMkSipta varNana nimnAnusAra kiyA jA rahA haikavi parameSThI yA paramezvara kavi paramezvara kA smaraNa 9vIM zatI se lekara 13vIM zatI taka ke kannar3a kavi evaM saMskRta ke kavi karate rahe haiN| uddharaNoM se spaSTa hai ki kavi paramezvara atyanta prasiddha aura prAmANika purANa-racayitA haiN| isa purANa kA nAma 'vAgarthasaMgraha' thaa| isa grantha kI racanA samantabhadra aura pUjyapAda ke samakAlIna athavA kucha samaya pazcAt huI hogii| kavi paramezvara kI racanA hI samasta jaina-purANa-sAhitya kA mUlAdhAra hai| mahAkavi dhanaJjaya 'dvisandhAnamahAkAvya' ke antima padya kI vyAkhyA meM TIkAkAra ne inake pitA kA nAma vasudeva, mAtA kA nAma zrIdevI aura guru kA nAma dazaratha sUcita kiyA hai| inakA samaya I. san kI 8vIM zatI ke lagabhaga hai| inakI racanAoM meM 'dhanaJjaya nAmamAlA' chAtropayogI 200 padyoM kA zabdakoza hai| isa nAmamAlA ke sAtha 46 zlokapramANa eka anekArthanAmamAlA bhI sammilita hai| 'viSApahArastotra' eka stutiparaka kAvya hai| 'dvisandhAnamahAkAvya' sandhAnazailI kA sarvaprathama saMskRta-kAvya hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 9081

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mahAkavi asaga ___ kavi ke pitA kA nAma 'paTumati' aura mAtA kA nAma 'vaireti' thaa| guru kA nAma 'nAganandi AcArya' likhA hai| kavi kA samaya I. san kI 10vIM zatAbdI hai| kavi kI do mahAkAvya racanAyeM prApta haiM - 1. varddhamAnacarita, aura 2. shaantinaath-crit| mahAkavi haricandra inake pitA kA nAma 'Ardradeva' aura mAtA kA nAma 'ravyAdevI' thaa| inakI jAti kAyastha thI, para ye jainadharmAvalambI the| haricandra kA vyaktitva kavi aura AcArazAstra ke vettA ke rUpa meM upasthita hotA hai| mahAkavi haricandra kI do racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - 1. dharmazarmAbhyudaya, evaM 2. jiivndhrcmpuu| kavi cAmuNDarAya cAmuNDarAya 'vIramArtaNDa', 'raNaraMgasiMha', 'samaradhurandhara' aura 'vairikulakAladaNDa' hone para bhI kalAkAra evaM kalApriya haiN| inakI mAtA kA nAma 'kAlikAdevI' batalAyA gayA hai aura samajhA jAtA hai ki inake pitA tathA pUrva gaMgavaMza ke zraddhAbhAjana rAjyAdhikAra rahe hoNge| ve mahArAja mArasiMha tathA rAjamalla dvitIya ke pradhAnamaMtrI the| inakA vaMza 'brahmakSatriyavaMza' batAyA gayA hai|54 inhoMne zravaNabelAgola meM bAhubali svAmI kI mUrti kI pratiSThA I. san 981 meM kI hai| cAmuNDarAya kA samaya I. san kI dazama zatAbdI hai| _ 'cAmuNDarAyapurANa' aparanAma 'triSaSThipurANa' hai| yaha grantha kannar3agadya kA sabase prathama grantha hai| AcArazAstra kA saMkSepa meM spaSTarUpa se varNana isa grantha meM saMskRta ke gadyarUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi AzAdhara __mahAkavi AzAdhara jainAcAra, adhyAtma, darzana, kAvya, sAhitya, koSa, rAjanIti, kAmazAstra, Ayurveda Adi sabhI viSayoM ke prakANDa paNDita the| AzAdhara mANDalagar3ha (mevAr3a) ke mUlanivAsI the; kintu mAlavA kI rAjadhAnI 'dhArA' nagarI meM apane parivAra sahita Akara basa gaye the| paM. AzAdhara bagheravAla-jAti ke zrAvaka the| inake pitA kA nAma 'sallakSaNa' evaM mAtA kA nAma 'zrIratnI' thaa| 'sarasvatI' inakI patnI thIM, jo bahuta suzIla aura suzikSitA thiiN| inake putra bhI thA, jisakA nAma 'chAhar3a' thaa| inake vidyAguru prasiddha vidvAn 'paM. mahAvIra' the| AzAdhara kA samaya vikrama kI teharavIM zatI nizcita hai| abhI taka unakI nimnalikhita racanAoM ullekha mile haiM - prameyaratnAkara, bharatezvarAbhyudaya, jJAnadIpikA, rAjImativipralaMbha, adhyAtmarahasya, mUlArAdhanA TIkA, iSTopadeza TIkA, bhUpAlacaturvizati kA TIkA, ArAdhanAsAra TIkA amarakITAza TIkA, kriyAkalApa, 1082 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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kAvyAlaMkAra TIkA, sahasranAmastavana saTIka, jinayajJa kalpasaTIka, triSaSThismRtizAsra, nityamahodyota, ratnatrayavidhAna, aSTAMgahRdyotinI TIkA, sAgAradharmAmRta saTIka, evaM anagAradharmAmRta sttiik| mahAkavi arhaddAsa saMskRta gadya aura padya ke nirmAtA ke rUpa meM mahAkavi arhaddAsa advitIya haiN| inake guru 'AzAdhara' the| arhaddAsa kA samaya vi. saM. 1300 mAnanA ucita hai| arhaddAsa kI tIna racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - 1. munisuvratakAvya, 2. purudevacampU, aura 3. bhvyjnknntthaabhrnn| kavi nAgadeva nAgadeva sArasvatakula meM utpanna huye aura unake parivAra ke sabhI vyakti cikitsAzAstra yA anya kisI zAstra se paricita the| nAgadeva kA samaya vi. saM. 1573 ke pUrva hai| nAgadeva kA eka hI grantha 'madanaparAjaya' upalabdha hai| kavi rAmacandra mumukSu ye divyamuni 'kezavanandi' ke ziSya the| rAmacandra mumukSu kI 'puNyAsravakathAkoza' ke sAtha 'zAntinAthacarita' kRti bhI batalAyI jAtI hai| rAmacandra kA samaya 13vIM zatI ke madhya kA bhAga hogaa| kavi rAjamalla rAjamalla kA kAvya adhyAtmazAstra, prathamAnuyoga aura caraNAnuyoga para AdhRta hai| inakA samaya vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI hai| inakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta haiM - lATIsaMhitA, jambUsvAmIcarita, adhyAtmakamalamArtaNDa, paJcAdhyAyI, evaM pingglshaastr| abhinava cArukIrti paMDitAcArya abhinava paMDitAcArya kA janama dakSiNa bhArata ke siMhapura meM huA thaa| jaba zravaNabelagola meM bhaTTAraka-pada prApta kiyA, to inakA upAdhinAma 'cArukIrti' ho gyaa| inakA samaya I. san kI 16zIM zatI honA caahiye| abhinava paMDitAcArya kI do racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - 1. gItavItarAga, aura 2. prmeyrtnaalNkaar| apabhraMza-bhASA ke kavi evaM lekhaka gurjara, prAtihAra, pAlavaMza, cAlukya, cauhAna, cedi, gahar3avAla, candela, paramAra Adi rAjAoM ke rAjyakAla meM apabhraMza kA paryApta vikAsa huaa| chaThavIM zatI se caudahavIM zataka taka apabhraMza meM aneka mAnya AcArya huye, jinhoMne apanI lekhanI se apabhraMza-sAhitya ko maulika kRtiyA~ samarpita kii| bhaMgavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 4083

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pramukha evaM prabhAvaka apabhraMza-bhASI kaviyoM aura lekhakoM kA vivaraNa nimnalikhita haikavi caturmukha caturmukha kavi apabhraMza-bhASA ke khyAtiprApta kavi the| 'paddhar3iyA' chanda ke kSetra meM caturmukha kA sarvAdhika mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| sambhavataH inakI do racanAyeM rahI haiM - 1. mahAbhArata, aura 2. pNcmiicriu| Aja ye racanAyeM upalabdha nahIM haiN| mahAkavi svayaMbhadeva kAvya-racayitA ke sAtha svayaMbhU chandazAstra aura vyAkaraNa ke bhI prakANDa paNDita the| svayaMbhUdeva gRhastha the| inakI kaI paliyA~ thIM, jinameM do ke nAma prasiddha haiM - eka 'aiccaMbA (AdityambA) ora dUsarI saamiaNbbaa| svayaMbhu kA vyaktitava prabhAvaka th| ve zarIra se kSINakAya hone para bhI jJAna se puSTakAya the| puSpadanta ne inheM 'ApulasaMghIya' batAyA hai| isaprakAra ye yApanIya-sampradAya ke anuyAyI jAna par3ate haiN| ve dAkSiNAtya the| inakA samaya I. san 783 hai| inakI racanAyeM haiM - paumacariu, riTaNemicariu, svayaMbhuchaMda, soddhayacariu, paMcamicariu, evaM svyNbhuvyaakrnn| mahAkavi puSpadanta puSpadanta kA gharelU nAma 'khaNDa' yA khaNDU' thaa| inakA svabhAva ugra aura spaSTavAdI thaa| kavi ke upAdhinAma abhimAnameru kavikula-tilaka, sarasvatInilaya aura kAvyapisalla' the| mahAkavi puSpadanta kazyapagotrIya brAhmaNa the| inake pitA kA nAma 'kezavabhaTTa' aura mAtA kA nAma 'mugdhAdevI' thaa| AraMbha meM kavi zaiva the, para bAda meM vaha kisI jaina-muni ke upadeza se jaina ho gye| mAnyakheTa meM kavi ne apanI adhikAMza racanAyeM likhI haiN| mahAkavi kA samaya I. san kI prathama zatI hai| inakI tIna racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - 1. tisaThimahApurisaguNAlaMkAra yA mahApurANa, 2. NAyakumAracariu, evaM 3. jshrcriu| kavi dhanapAla dhanapAla ke pitA kA nAma 'mAesara' (mAyezvara) aura mAtA kA nAma 'dhanazrI' thaa| inakA janma 'dhakkar3a' vaMza meM huA thaa| dhanapAla digambara-sampradAya ke anuyAyI the| inakA samaya 10vIM zatI hai| kavi kI eka hI racanA 'bhavisayattakahA' prApta hai| dhavala kavi kavi dhavala ke pitA kA nAma 'sUra' aura mAtA kA nAma 'kesulla' tathA inake guru kA nAma 'ambasena' thaa| dhavala brAhmaNakula meM utpanna huye the; para anta meM ve jena-dharmAvalambI ho gaye the| kavi kA samaya 10vIM-11vIM zatI siddha hotA hai| kavi kA eka hI graMtha 'harivaMzapuraNa' upalabdha hai| 0084 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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kavi hariSeNa hariSeNa mevAr3a meM sthiti citrakUTa (cittaur3a) ke nivAsI the| inakA vaMza 'dhakkar3a yA 'dharakaTa' thaa| inake pitA kA nAma 'govarddhana' aura mAtA kA nAma 'guNavatI' thaa| ye kisI kAraNavaza citrakUTa chor3a acalapura meM rahane lage the| 'dharma-parIkSA' graMtha meM kavi ne brAhmaNa-dharma para vyaMgya kiyA hai| kavi hariSeNa kA samaya vi. saM. kI 11vIM zatI hai| vIra kavi kavi vIra kA janma mAlavA deza ke 'gukhakheu' nAmaka grAma meM huA thaa| unake pitA 'lADabAgaDa' gotra ke 'mahAkavi devadatta' the, jo ki svayaM bhI apabhraMza ke khyAtiprApta kavi the| kavi kI cAra patniyA~ thIM - 1. jinamati, 2. padmAvatI, 3. lIlAvatI, evaM 4. jyaadevii| inakA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatAbdI haiM kavi zrIdhara prathama kavi agravAla-kula meM utpanna huye the| inakI mAtA kA nAma 'vIlhAdevI' aura pitA kA nAma 'budhagolha' thaa| kavi ko naTTala sAhU ne 'pAsaNAhacariu' ko likhane kI preraNA dI thii| zrIdhara prathama yA vivudha zrIdhara kA samaya vikrama kI 11vIM zatI nizcita hai| kavi vivudha zrIdhara kI do racanAyeM nizcitarUpa se mAnI jA sakatI haiM - 1. pAsaNAhariu, aura 2. vaDDhamANacariu, jinameM se kavi kI 'pAsaNAhacariu' upalabdha hai| ye donoM hI racanAyeM paurANika mahAkAvya haiN| kavi devasena kavi devasena muni haiN| ve nivaDideva ke praziSya aura vimalasena gaNadhara ke ziSya the| devasena kA vyaktitva AtmArAdhaka, tapasvI aura jitendriya sAdhaka kA hai| unhoMne sulocanA ke carita ko 'mammala' rAjA kI nagarI meM nivAsa karate huye likhA hai| kavi devasena kA samaya vi. saM. 1132 ThIka pratIta hotA hai| kavi muni kanakAmara kavi muni kanakAmara ke guru kA nAma 'paMDita' yA 'budhamaMgaladeva' hai| ve brAhmaNavaMza ke candraRSigotrIya the| jaba virakta hokara ve digambara-muni ho gaye, to unakA nAma 'kanakAmara' prasiddha huaa| unhoMne apane ko 'budhamaMgaladeva' kA ziSya kahA hai| muni kanakAmara kA samaya vikrama kI 12vIM zatAbdI hai|56 inakI racanA 'karakaMDucariu' 10 sandhiyoM meM vibhakta haiM, isameM karakaNDu mahArAja kI kathA varNita hai| mahAkavi siMha mahAkavi siMha saMskRta, prAkRta, apabhraMza aura dezIbhASA ke prakANDa vidvAn the| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0085

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inake pitA kA nAma 'ralhaNa paMDita' thA, jo saMskRta aura prAkRta bhASA ke prakANDa paNDita the| ye gurjara kula meM utpanna huye the| kavi kI mAtA kA nAma 'jinamatI' batAyA gayA hai| kavi ne isI kI preraNA se 'pajjuNNacariu' kI racanA kI hai, jisakA samayakAla I. san kI 12vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha mAnA gayA hai / kavi kI ekamAtra racanA 'pradyumnacarita' hai| kavi lAkhU yaM. lAkhU dvArA viracita 'jinadattakathA' apabhraMza ke kathA- kAvyoM meM uttama racanA hai| lAkhU kA janma jAyasavaMza meM huA hai| inake prapitAmaha kA nAma 'kozavAla' thA, jo jAyasavaMza ke pradhAna tathA atyanta prasiddha vyakti the| kavi kA sAhityika jIvana vi saM. 1275 se Arambha hokara vi. saM. 1313 taka banA rahatA hai / kavi kI tIna racanAyeM upalabdha haiM 1. caMdaNachaTThIkahA, 2. jiNayattakahA, aura 3. aNuvayarayaNa- paI / kavi yaza: kIrti prathama 'caMdappahacariu' ke racayitA kavi yaza: kIrti haiN| kavi ne isa graMtha ko humbaDakulabhUSaNa kuMvarasiMha ke suputra siddhapAla ke anurodha se racA hai| kavi ne isa graMtha kI racanA 11vIM zatI I. ke anta meM yA 12vIM zatI ke prArambha meM kI hogI / kavi devacanda kavi devacanda ne 'pAsaNAhacariu' kI racanA guMdijja nagara ke pArzvanAtha maMdira meM kI hai / kavi mUlasaMgha gaccha ke vidvAn vAsavacanda ke ziSya the| devacandra kA samaya 12vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga hai| mahAkavi devacandra kI ekamAtra racanA 'pAsaNAhacariu' upalabdha hai| mahAkavi raidhU mahAkavi raidhU ke pitA kA nAma 'harisiMha' aura pitAmaha kA nAma 'saMghapati devarAja' thaa| inakI mA~ kA nAma 'vijayazrI' aura patnI kA nAma 'sAvitrI' thA / raidhU 'padmAvatIpuravAlavaMza' meM utpanna huye the| inakA aparanAma 'siMhasena' bhI batAyA jAtA hai / idhU apane mAtA-pitA ke tRtIya putra the| inake anya do bar3e bhAI bhI the, jinake nAma kramazaH 'bahola' aura 'mAnasiMha' the| raidhU kASThAsaMgha mAthuragaccha kI puSkaragaNIya zAkhA se sambaddha the| hisAra, rohataka, kurukSetra, pAnIpata, gvAliyara, sonIpata aura yoginIpura Adi sthAnoM ke zrAvakoM meM unakI acchI pratiSThA thii| ve grantha-racanA ke sAtha mUrti - pratiSThA evaM anya kriyA-kANDa bhI karate the| mahAkavi raidhU ne akele hI vipula parimANa meM granthoM kI racanA kI hai| inheM mahAkavi na kahakara eka pustakAlaya - racayitA kahA 0086 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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jA sakatA hai| DaoN. rAjArAma jaina ne vibhinna srotoM ke AdhAra para abhI taka kavi kI 37 racanAoM kA anveSaNa kiyA hai| kavi haricanda yA jayamitrahala - inake guru padmanandi bhaTTAraka the| ye mUlasaMgha balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatIgaccha ke vidvAn the| jayamitrahala kI do racanAyeM upalabdha haiM - 1. vaDDhamANacariu, aura 2. mllinnaahkvv| 'vaDDhamANacariu' kA dUsarA nAma 'seNiyacariu' bhI milatA hai| kavi harideva inake pitA kA nAma 'caMgadeva' aura mAtA kA nAma 'citrA' thA / harideva kA samaya 12vIM zatI se 15vIM zatI ke bIca mAnA hai| 57 kavi kI eka hI racanA 'mayaNaparAjayacariu' upalabdha hai| yaha choTA-sA rUpaka khaNDakAvaya hai| kavi tAraNasvAmI tAraNasvAmI bAlabrahmacArI the| Arambha se hI unheM ghara se udAsInatA aura AtmakalyANa kI ruci rahI / kundakunda ke samayasAra, pUjyapAda ke iSTopadeza aura samAdhizataka tathA yogIndu ke paramAtmaprakAza aura yogasAra kA unapara prabhAva lakSita hotA hai| saMvegI- zrAvaka rahate huye bhI adhyAtma - jJAna kI bhUkha aura usake prasAra kI lagana unameM dRSTigocara hotI hai| tAraNasvAmI kA janama agahana sudI 7, vikrama saMvat 1505 meM 'puSpAvatI' ( kaTanI, madhyapradeza) meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma 'gar3hAsAhU' aura mAtA kA nAma 'vIrazrI' thaa| jyeSTha vadI 6, vikrama saMvat 1572 meM zarIratyAga huA thaa| 67 varSa ke yazasvI dIrgha - jIvana meM inhoMne jJAna - pracAra ke sAtha 14 granthoM kI racanA bhI kI hai| tAraNasvAmI 16vIM zatI ke lokopakArI aura adhyAtma-pracAraka santa haiN| inake granthoM kI bhASA usa samaya kI bolacAla kI bhASA jAna par3atI hai| hindI kavi aura lekhaka pramukha evaM prabhAvaka hindI kaviyoM va lekhakoM kA saMkSipta vivaraNa isa prakAra haimahAkavi banArasIdAsa 'bIholiyAvaMza' kI paramparA meM zrImAla - jAti ke antargata banArasIdAsa kA eka dhanI-mAnI sambhrAnta parivAra meM janma huA / inake prapitAmaha 'jinadAsa' kA 'sAkA' calatA thaa| pitAmaha 'mUladAsa' hindI aura phArasI ke paMDita the, aura ye 'naravara' (mAlavA) meM vahA~ ke musalamAna - nabAbA ke modI hokara gaye the| inake mAtAmaha 'madanasiMha cinAliyA' jaunapura ke prasiddha jaurI the| pitA khaDgasena kucha dinoM taka baMgAla ke sultAna modIkhA~ ke potadAra the| aura kucha dinoM ke uparAnta bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 87

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jaunapura meM javAharAta kA vyApAra karane lage the| isa prakAra kavi kA vaMza sampanna thA tathA anya sambandhI bhI dhanI the| banArasIdAsa kA janma vivava.saM. 1643 mAgha, zuklA ekAdazI ravivAra ko rohiNI nakSatra meM huaa| 14 varSa kI avasthA meM unhoMne paM. devIdAsa se vidyAdhyayana kA saMyoga prApta kiyaa| muni bhAnucandra se bhI vividha-zAstroM kA adhyayana AraMbha kiyaa| kavi janmanA zvetAmbara-sampradAya kA anuyAyI thaa| usake sabhI mitra bhI zvetAmbara-sampradAya kI mAnyatAoM kI ora huaa| banArasIdAsa ke nAma se nimnalikhita racanAyeM pracalita haiM - nAmamAlA, samayasAranATaka, banArasIvilAsa, arddhakathAnaka, mohavivekayuddha evaM nvrspdyaavlii| kavi bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa AgarA-nivAsI kaTAriyA-gotrIya osavAla jaina the| inake dAdA kA nAma 'dazaratha sAhU' aura pitA kA 'lAlajI' thaa| inhoMne stutiparaka yA bhaktiparaka jitane pada likhe haiM, unameM tIrthaMkaroM ke guNa aura itivRtta digambara-sampradAya ke anusAra aMkita haiN| bhaiyA banArasIdAsa 18vIM zatAbdI ke kavi haiN| bhaiyA bhagavatIdAsa kI racanAoM kA saMgraha 'brahmavilAsa' ke nAma se prakAzita hai| isameM 67 racanAyeM saMgRhIta haiN| mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa hindI-bhASA ke jaina-kaviyoM meM mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa kA nAma ullekhanIya hai| kavi AgarA-nivAsI the aura inakI jAti khaNDelavAla thii| inakI racanAoM se inakA samaya vi. saM. kI 18vIM zatI (1781) siddha hotA hai| mahAkavi bhUdharadAsa ne pArzvapurANa, jinazataka aura pada-sAhitya kI racanA kara hindI-sAhitya ko samRddha banAyA hai| inakI kavitA ucca-koTi kI hai| kavi dyAnatarAya dyAnatarAya AgarA-nivAsI the| inakA janma agravAla-jAti ke goyala-gotra meM huA thaa| inake pUrvaja 'lAlapura' se Akara yahA~ basa gaye the| inake pitAmaha kA nAma 'vIradAsa' aura pitA kA nAma 'zyAmadAsa' thaa| inakA janma vi. saM. 1733 meM huA aura vivAha vi. saM. 1748 meN| inakA mahAn grantha 'dharmavilAsa' ke nAma se prasiddha hai| isa grantha meM 333 pada, aneka pUjAyeM evaM 45 viSayoM para phuTakara kavitAyeM saMgrahIta haiN| kavi ne inakA saMkalana svayaM vi. saM. 1780 meM kiyA hai| kavi paMDita daulatarAma kAsalIvAla paM. daulatarAma jI kAsalIvAla kA janma vi. saM. 1745 meM 'basavA' grAma meM 0088 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma 'AnandarAma' thaa| jAti khaNDelavAla aura gotra kAsalIvAla thaa| jayapura ke mahArAja se inakA vizeSa paricaya thaa| ye udayapura rAjya meM jayapura ke vakIla banakara gaye the, aura vahA~ 30 varSoM taka rhe| saMskRta ke acche jJAtA the| hindI-gadyasAhitya ke kSetra meM sabase pahalI racanA inhIM daulatarAma kI upalabdha hai| ___ inakA samaya vikrama kI 18vIM zatI kA aMtima bhAga aura 19vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hai| inhoMne nimnalikhita racanAyeM likhI haiM - 1. puNyAsravavacanikA (vi. saM. 1777), 2. kriyAkoSabhASA (vi. 1795), 3. AdipurANavacanikA (saM. '1824), 4. harivaMzapurANa (saM. 1829), 5. paramAtmaprakAzavacanikA, 6. zrIpAlacarita (saM. 1822), 7. adhyAtmabArAkhar3I (vi. saM. 1728), 8. vasunandIzrAvakAcAra TabbA (vi. saM. 1818), 9. padamapurANavacanikA (saM. 1833), 10. vivekavilAsa (vi. saM. 1829), 11. tattvArthasUtrabhASA, 12. caubIsadaNDaka, 13, siddhapUjA, 14. AtmabattIsI, 15. sArasamuccaya, 17. jIvaMdharacarita (vi. saM. 1805), 17. puruSArthasiddhupAya vacanikA, jo paM. ToDaramala jI pUrNa nahIM kara pAye the| kavi AcAryakalpa paM. ToDaramala mahAkavi AzAdhara ka anupama vyaktitva kI tulanA karevAlA vyaktitva AcAryakalpa paM. ToDaramala jI kA hai| ye svayaMbuddha the| inakA janma jayapura meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma 'jogIdAsa' aura mAtA kA nAma 'ramA' yA 'lakSmI' thaa| inakI jAti khaNDelavAla aura gotra godIkA thaa| inakI pratibhA vilakSaNa thii| isakA eka pramANa yahI hai ki inhoMne kisI se binA par3he hI kannar3a lipi kA abhyAsa kara liyA thaa| ___aba taka ke upalabdha pramANoM ke AdhAra para inakA samaya vi. saM. 1797 hai, aura mRtyu saM. 1824 hai| mAtra 18-29 varSa kI avasthA meM hI gommaTasAra, labdhisAra, kSapaNasAra evaM trilokasAra ke 65,000 zlokapramANa kI TIkA kara inhoMne janasamUha meM vismaya bhara diyA thaa| ToDaramala jI kI kula 11 racanAyeM haiM, jinameM sAta TIkAgrantha aura cAra maulika-grantha haiN| maulika-graMthoM meM 1. mokSamArgaprakAzaka, 2. AdhyAtmika patra, 3. arthasaMdRSTi, aura 4. gommaTasArapUjA parigaNita haiN| unake dvArA racita TIkAgrantha haiM - 1. gommaTasAra (jIvakANDa)-samyagjJAnacandrikA, 2. gommaTasAra (karmakANDa)samyagjJAnacandrikA, 3. labdhisAra--samyagjJAnacandrikA, 4. kSapaNAsAra-vacanikA, 5. trilokasAra, 6. AtmAnuzAsana, evaM 7. purussaarthsiddhyupaay| kavi daulatarAma dvitIya kavi daulatarAma dvitIya labdhapratiSTha kavi haiN| ye hAtharasa ke nivAsI aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 0089

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pallIvAla- jAti ke the| inakA gotra 'gaMgaTIvAla' thA, para prAyaH loga inaheM 'phatehapurI' kahA karate the| inakA janma vi. saM. 1855 yA 1856 ke madhya huA thaa| inakI do racanAyeM upalabdha haiM 1. chahaDhAlA, aura 2. padasaMgraha | - kavi paNDita jayacanda chAbar3A hindI jaina - sAhitya ke gadya-padya lekhaka vidvAnoM meM paNDita jayacanda jI chAbar3A kA nAma ullekhanIya hai / kavi kA janama 'phAgI' nAmaka grAma meM huA thA / yahA~ Apake pitA 'motIrAmajI' paTavArI kA kAma karate the| jayacanda jI kA svabhAva sarala aura udAra thaa| unakA rahana-sahana aura veza-bhUSA sIdhI-sAdI thii| ve bar3e acche vidyAvyasanI the| inake putra kA nAma 'nandalAla' thA, jo bahuta hI suyogya vidvAn thaa| paNDita jayacanda jI kA samaya vi. saM. kI 19vIM zatI hai| inhoMne nimnalikhita granthoM kI bhASA - vacanikAyeM likhI haiM. 1. sarvArthasiddhi vacanikA, 2. tattvArthasUtrabhASA, 3. prameyaratnamAlA TIkA, 4. svAmikArtikeyAnuprekSA, 6. dravyasaMgraha - TIkA, 7. devAgamastotra - TIkA, 8. aSTapAhuDa bhASA, 9. jJAnArNava- bhASA, 10. bhaktAmara - stotra, 11. pada - saMgraha, 12. candraprabhacaritra, evaM 13. dhanyakumAracaritra / - kavi dIpacandazAha dIpacandazAha vi. ke 18vIM zatAbdI ke pratibhAvAna vidvAn aura kavi haiN| ye sAMgAnera ke rahanevAle the| kavi dIpacanda kA gotra kAsalIvAla thA / inakI bhASA dUr3hArI aura vrajamizrita hai| inake dvArA racita kRtiyA~ haiM cidvilAsa, anubhavaprakAza, guNasthAnabheda, AtmAvalokana, bhAvadIpikA, paramArthapurANa; tathA ye racanAyeM gadya meM likhI gayI haiN| adhyAtma-paccIsI, dvAdazAnuprekSA, jJAnadarpaNa, svarUpAnanda, evaM upadezasiddhAnta / - kavi sadAsukha kAsalIvAla vi. kI 19vIM zatI ke vidvAnoM meM paNDita sadAsukha kAsalIvAla kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| inakA janma vi. saM. 1842 meM jayapuranagara meM huA thaa| inake pitA kA nAma 'dulIcanda' aura gotra kAsalIvAla thA / inakA janma DeDarAjavaMzI meM bhagavatIhuA thaa| inakA samAdhimaraNa vi. saM. 1923 meM huA / inakI racanAyeM haiM ArAdhanA vacanikA, sUtrajI kI laghuvacanikA, artha- prakAzikA kA svatantra - grantha, akalaMkASTaka vacanikA, ratnakaraMDa zrAvakAcAra vacanikA, mRtyumahotsava vacanikA, nityaniyama pUjA, samayasAra nATaka para bhASA vacanikA, nyAyadIpikA vacanikA, evaM RSimaMDalapUjA vacanikA / 9'0 - kavi paNDita bhAgacanda 19vIM zatAbdI ke antima pAda aura 20vIM zabdI ke prathama pAda ke pramukha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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vidvAnoM meM paNDita bhAgacanda jI kI gaNanA hai| ye saMskRta aura prAkRta-bhASA ke sAtha hindI-bhASA ke bhI marmajJa vidvAn the| gvAliyara ke antargata IsAgar3ha ke nivAsI the| inakI jAti osavAla aura dharma digambara jaina thaa| kavi kI nimnalikhita racanAyeM upalabdha hotI haiM - mahAvIrASTaka (saMskRta), amitagatizrAvakAcAra vacanikA, upadezasiddhAntaratnamAlA vacanikA, pramANaparIkSA-vacanikA, neminAthapurANa, jJAnasUryodaya nATaka vacanikA, evaM pdsNgrh| kavi budhajana inakA pUrA nAma 'vRddhicanda' thaa| ye jayapura ke nivAsI aura khaNDevAla jaina the| inakA samaya anumAnataH 19vIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga hai| abhI taka inakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM upalabdha haiM -- tattvArthabodha, yogasArabhASA, paMcAstikAya, budhajanasatasaI, budhajanavilAsa, evaM pd-sNgrh| kavi vRndAvanadAsa kavi vRndAvana kA janma zAhAbAda jile ke 'vArA' nAmaka gA~va meM saM. 1842 meM huA thaa| ye goyala-gotrIya agravAla the| kavi ke vaMzadhara 'vArA' chor3akara kAzI meM Akara rahane lge| kavi ke pitA nAma 'dharmacandra' thaa| kavi vRndAvana kI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta haiM - pravacanasAra, tIsa-caubIsI pATha, caubIsI pATha, chanda-zataka, arhatpAsAkevalI, evaM vRndaavn-vilaas| isaprakAra anekoM AcArya evaM manISI jainadharma aura darzana kI paramparA ko sudIrgha-kAla taka samRddha karate rahe, aura una sabake yogadAna ke kAraNa jainadharma evaM darzana sampUrNa bhAratIya saMskRti aura itihAsa meM na kevala apanI maulika-pahacAna banA sakA hai; apitu inake vikAsa meM usakI mahanIya bhUmikA rahI hai| sandarbha-vivaraNikA tiloyapaNNattI, 1/77-81. harivaMzapurANa, 1/56-57. daMsaNapAhuDa, gAthA 17. upAsakAdhyayana, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana. padya 100. A samaMtabhadra AptamImAMsA, kArikA 105. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, gAthA 468. draSTavya, tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA, bhAga 2, pRSTha 10-20. 5. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 1091

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21. 8. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 1, kiraNa 4, pRSTha 71-74. 9. AcArya yativRSabha, tiloyapaNNatI, zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, koTA 1986 I. (TIkAkI AryikA 105 zrI vizuddhamatI mAtAjI, gAthA saMkhyA 66-67). 10. vahI, gAthA saMkhyA 57-77. 11. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 265. 12. nAthUrAma premI, jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, bambaI, 1972, pRSTha 17. 13. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 269. 14. DaoN. kastUracandra kAsalIvAla, AcArya kundakunda : vyaktitva evaM kRtittva, zrI mahAvIra graMtha akAdamI, jayapura, 1990, isI lekhaka kI eka anya kRti khaNDelavAla jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pRSTha 18-23. 15. paramAnanda zAstrI, jaina dharma kA prAcIna itihAsa : dvitIya khaNDa, mathurA, 1950, pRSTha 87. 16. vahI, pRSTha 154-55. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, jainadharma, pRSTha 270. 18. nAthUrAma premI, pRSTha 420. AcArya jinasena, AdipurANa, pRSTha 174. vizeSa draSTavya : tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya-paramparA, bhAga 2 evaM. SaTkhaNDAgama, dhavalATIkA, jIvasthAna, kAla anuyogadvAra, pRSTha 316. 22. tatvArthasUtra kI aneka pratiyoM ke anta meM upalabdha padya. 23. namaH samantabhadrAya mahate kvivedhme| yadvaco-vajrapAte mardante kumaatdryH|| yogIndu : vyaktitva evaM kartRtva, adyAvadhi aprakAzita. draSTavya, vahI. uttarapurANaprazasti, zloka 11-13 taka. 27. zrIpurapArzvanAthastotra, vIra senA mandira sarasAvA, san 1949 IsvI, prastAvanA, pRSTha 12. 28. karmakANDa, gAthA 1. 29. jIvakANDa, gAthA 1. 30. purAtana jainavAkyasUcI, vIra senA mandira, prathama saMskaraNa, prastAvanA, 121. 31. AdipurANa, bhAratIya jJAnapITha kAzI saMskaraNa, 1/46. 32. gadyacintAmaNi, bhAratIya jJAnapITha saMskaraNa, 1/6. 33. prameyaratnamAlA, 1/2. 34. vahI, TippaNa, pRSTha 1. 35. AptaparIkSA, prastAvanA, pRSTha 27-33, vIra senA mandira saMskaraNa, 1949. 36. prameyaratnamAlA. caukhambA vidyAbhavana. vArANasI. 1/3. 37. jassa ya pAyapasAyeNaNaMtasaMsArajalahimutti nnnno| vIraridaNaMdivacchoM NamAmi taM abhynnNdiguruN|| 38. jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga-6, kiraNa-4, zravaNabelagola evaM yahA~ kI gommaTa mUrti, pRSTha 205 tathA isI aMka meM gommaTa mUrti kI pratiSThakAlIna mUrti kA phala. 39. shriilaatt-vrgttnbhstlpuurnn..............| jaina sAhitya itihAsa, dvitIya saMskaraNa, pRSTha 411. 40. bRhat kathAkoza, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, san 1943, aMgrejI prastAvanA, pRSTha 117-119. 41. "iti sakalatArkikakacakracUDAmaNicumbitacaraNasya ramaNIyapaMcapaMcAzanmahAvAdidivijayo 25. 26. 4092 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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pArjitakIrtimannAkinIpavicitratratribhuvanasya paratapazcaraNaratnodanvataH zrInemidevabhagataH priyaziSyeNa vAdIndrakAlanalazrImanmahendradevabhaTTArakAnujaina syAdvAdAcalasiMhatArkikacakravAdIbhapaMcAnanavAkkallolapayonidhikavikularAjakuMjaraprabhRtitiprazasti-prastAvanAlaMkAreNa SaNNavatiprakaraNayukticintAmaNi-trivargamahendramAlisaMjalpa-yazodharamahArAja-carita-mahAzAsravedhasA zrImatsomadevasUriNA viracitaM nItivAkyAmRtaM nAma rAjanItizAstraM smaaptm|" zrImAnasti sa devasaMghatilako devo yazaHpUrvakaH ziSyastasya babhUvasadguNanidhiH shriinemidevaalyH|| tsyaashcrytp:sthitetrinytejeNturmhaavaadinaam| ziSyo'bhUdiha somadeva iti yastasyaiSa kaavykrmH|| --yazastilaka, khaNDa 2, pRSTha 418. 43. jJAnArNava, 42188. 44. jaina sandeza, zodhAMka 1, pRSTha 36. 45. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, prathama saMskaraNa, pRSTha 452. 46. jaina sAhitya aura itihAsa, pRSTha 314. 47. prazasti-saMgraha, prathama bhAga, vIrasevA mandira, prastAvanA, pRSTha 61. 48. jayau jae jiyamANo saMjamadevo muNIsaro itth| tahabi hu saMjamaseNo mAhavacando gukhthy|| raiyaM bahusatthatyaM uvajIvittA hu duggevenn| riTThasamuccayasartha bayaNeNa sNjmdevss| --riSTasamuccaya, godhAgranthamAlA, indaura saMskaraNa, gAthA - 254, 255 / 49. sirikuMbhaNayaraNa (ya; e sirilcchinnivaasnnivirmi| sirisaMtiNAha bhavaNe muNi-bhavia-sammaume llane) rmme|| --riSTasamuccaya, gAthA 2611 50. govindabhaTTa ityaasiidvidvaanmithyaatvvrjitH| devAgamanasUtrasya zrutyA sddrshnaanvitH||10|| -vikraantkaurvprshsti| zrIkumArakaviH satyavAkyo dervllbhH||12|| -vikraantkaurvprshsti| udyadbhUSaNAnAmA ca hstimllaabhidhaankH| vardhamAnakavizceti SaDabhUvan kviishvraaH||13|| -vikraantkaurvprshsti| sUtradhAra......asti kila sarasvatIsvayaMvaravallabhena bhaTTAragovindasvAmisUnunA hastimallanAmnA kahAkavitallajaina viraciMta vikrAntakauravaM nAma ruupkmiti|| -vikrAntakauravaprazasti, pRSTha 3, mANikacandra granthamAlA, bambaI 19721 52. __paramArthaprakAza, TI. pRSTha 7-8. 53. anekAnta, varSa 8, kiraNa 12, pRSTha 441. 54. ___ "jagatpavitravabrahmakSatriyavaMzabhAge", cA. pu., pRSTha 5. 55. jainasiddhAntabhAskara, bhAga 6, kiraNa 4, pRSTha 261. 56. karakaMDucariu, prastAvanA, pRSTha 11-12. 57. mayaNaparAjayacariu, bhAratIyajJAnapITha kAzI, prastAvanA, pRSTha 61. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 1093

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/ khaNDa-tRtIya bhaTTAraka-paramparA evaM usakA yogadAna inakI parigaNanA pichale khaNDa meM 'paramparApoSakAcAryoM' meM kI gaI hai, tathA inheM 'bhaTTAraka' kI saMjJA dI gaI hai| sAmAnyataH jaina-paramparA meM bhaTTAraka kA koI pada nahIM hai, yaha mAtra eka pUjyatAvAcI vizeSaNa hai| kintu paristhitiyoM ke kAraNa gRhastha aura sAdhu ke bIca kI jo eka naI sthiti sRjita huI thI, use koI-na-koI nAma denA thA, ataH inheM 'bhaTTAraka' kahA gyaa| nayI sambhAvanAoM kA vikAsa inake dvArA nahIM ho sakA hai| piSTapeSaNa kA kArya hI inake dvArA huA hai| vaise to saMskRti-nirmAtAoM ke rUpa meM aneka paramparApoSaka-AcArya Ate haiM, para vAGmaya-sRjana kI maulika-pratibhA aura adhyayana-gAmbhIrya prAyaH inheM prApta nahIM thaa| dhanI-mAnI ziSyoM se veSTita rahakara, mantra-tantra yA jAdU-Tone kI carcAyeM kara ye janasAdhAraNa ko apanI ora AkRSTa karate rahate the| dharmapracAra karanA, janasAdhAraNa ko dharma ke prati zraddhAlu banAye rakhanA evaM sarasvatI kA saMrakSaNa karanA prAyaH paramparApoSaka-AcAryoM kA lakSya huA karatA thaa| yahI kAraNa hai ki ina AcAryoM dvArA gaddiyoM para samRddha granthAgAra sthApita kiye gye| maulika-grantha-praNayana ke sAtha ArSa aura mAnya kaviyoM evaM zrutadharoM dvArA racita vAGmaya, kAvya evaM adhyAtma-sAhitya kI pratilipiyA~ bhI inake tattvAvadhAna meM prastuta kI gayI haiN| paramparApoSaka-AcAryoM ne yugAnusAra racanAyeM na likhakara dharmapracArArtha kathAkAvya yA darzanasambandhI granthoM kA praNayana kiyA hai| dharma aura saMskRti ke dAyitva kA nirvAha lagabhaga pA~ca-cha: sau varSoM taka ina AcAryoM ke dvArA hotA rahA hai| ye AcArya Arambha meM nizcayataH nispRhI, tyAgI, jJAnI evaM jitendriya the| svayaM vidvAn hone ke kAraNa manISI vidvAnoM kA sampoSaNa bhI inhIM kI gaddiyoM se hotA thaa| paramparApoSakaAcAryoM kA lakSya granthoM ke saMkhyAbAhulya para thA, maulika-racanA kI ora nhiiN| ___ isa zreNI ke AcAryoM meM bhAskaranandi, sakalakIrti, vAmadeva, siMhasUri, malliSeNa, zrutasAgara, ajitasena, varddhamAna bhaTTAraka, jJAnakIrti, brahma nemidatta, vAdicandra, somakIrti, vibudha zrIdhara, amarakIrti, devacandra, yazakIrti, haricandra, tejapAla, pUrNabhadra, dAmodara, trivikrama, jJAnakIrti, vidyAnandi, brahmazrutasAgara, padmanandi, nemicandra, sahasrakIrti, jinendrabhUSaNa, dharmabhUSaNa, guNacandra, zubhacandra, zubhakIrti, devendrakIrti, cAritrabhUSaNa, nAgadeva, candrakIrti, jayakIrti, sumatisAgara, aruNamaNi, 0094 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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zrInandi, zrIcandra, kamalakIrti Adi pramukha haiN| ina AcAryoM ne nimnalikhita rUpa meM vAGmaya kI sevA kI hai 1. paurANika carita - kAvya, 2. laghuprabandha - kathAkAvya, 3. dUta-kAvya, 4. nyAya - darzana - viSayaka sAhitya, 5. adhyAtma - sAhitya, 6. prabandhAtmaka prazastimUlaka aitihAsika kAvya, 7. sandhAna- kAvya, 8. sUkti- AcAramUlaka kAvya, 9. stotra aura pUjAbhakti - sAhitya, 10. nATaka, 11. vividha viSayaka samasyApUrtyAtmaka kAvya, evaM 12. saMhitA - viSayaka sAhitya | bhaTTAraka-yuga - AcAryoM kI taraha bhaTTArakoM ko bhI dhArmika mukhiyA athavA svAmI mAnA jAtA thaa| bhaTTArakoM kI paramparA digambara jaina samAja kI vizeSatA hai| digambara jaina- sampradAya bhI do pramukha upasampradAyoM kramazaH 'bIsapaMthI' va 'terApaMthI' meM ba~TA huA hai| bIsapaMthI bhaTTAraka - vyavasthA meM vizvAsa karate haiM tathA bhaTTArakoM ko apane dhArmika mukhiyA va upadezaka ke rUpa meM mAnate haiN| 14vIM zatAbdI se hI 'bhaTTAraka-yuga' prArambha ho gayA, jo 19vIM zatAbdI taka calatA rahA / ' eka Adhunika vidvAn likhate haiM ki bhaTTAraka - saMsthA kevala digambara jainoM meM hI pAI jAtI hai, jo madhyakAla meM sthApita huI / isakI sarvaprathama sthApanA dillI meM huI tathA usake pazcAt sampUrNa bhArata meM aneka sthAnoM para huii| kucha pramukha sthAnoM meM gvAliyara, jayapura, DUMgarapura, IDara, sojitarA, nAgapura, kAraMjA, laTUrA, nAMdanI, kolhApura, mUDavidrI, zravaNabelagolA, penUgoDA, kAMcI Adi haiN| abhI bhI kucha kSetroM meM bhaTTAraka kAphI prabhAvazAlI hai; jabaki anyatra bhaTTAraka-saMsthA dhIre-dhIre samApta ho rahI hai| 2 bhaTTAraka-saMsthA kI utpatti ke sambandha meM nizcita taura para kucha bhI patA nahIM hai| kintu aisA kahA jAtA hai ki jaba jaina muni - paramparA DhIlI par3ane lagI, to bhaTTAraka-saMsthA kA janma huaa| muslima zAsakoM ko jaina sAdhuoM digambaratva pasaMda nahIM thA, isaliye nagna- -muniyoM ke bhramaNa para roka - sI laga gaI thii| isa samaya jaina - samudAya meM vikhaMDana kI sthiti utpanna ho gaI thii| usa samaya jainana-samudAya meM bhArI anizcitatA va asurakSA vyApta thI, to aisI vikaTa sthiti meM jainadharma ko vidhvaMsa se bacAne ke liye bhaTTArakoM kA udaya huaa| ye bhaTTAraka vastra dhAraNa karate the, tathA ve sAmAjika va dhArmika donoM prakAra ke karttavyoM kA nirvahana karane lge| inakA pada jaina- samAja meM sAmAnya zrAvaka se Upara va muniyoM se nIcA mAnA jAtA hai| bhaTTArakoM ke adhikAra kSetra bhI nirdhArita the tathA ve apane adhikAra - kSetra meM janasamudAya meM AtmacetanA ko banAye rakhane kA kArya karate the| vaha apane samudAya kI AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM kI pUrti karate the| unakI sthiti dhIre-dhIre bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 95

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hindU-dharma ke purohita ke samAna ho gaI thii| ve gharelU saMskAroM, janma, vivAha evaM mRtyu ke samaya kriyAkalApoM kA saMcAlana karate the| itanA hI nahIM ve vaidya, jyotiSI va salAhakAra ke rUpa meM bhI apanI sevAyeM dene lge| Aja bhI bhaTTAraka sAmAjika aura dhArmika anuSThAna karavAte haiN| isake atirikta mandira-nirmANa, mUrti-sthApanA Adi kA kArya bhI inakI nigarAnI meM sampanna hotA hai| isaprakAra bhaTTAraka mahattvapUrNa uddezyoM kI pUrti karate Aye haiN| apane svayaM ke jJAna va vyavahAra tathA apane ziSyoM kI madada se bhaTTArakoM ne na kevala jainadharma ke saMdezoM ko phailAyA, balki unhoMne bikharate hue jaina-samAja ko ekatA ke sUtra meM piroyaa| yaha bhI eka satya hai ki bhaTTArakoM ke na hone kI sthiti meM digambara jaina-sampradAya zAyada hI sampradAya baca paataa| atyadhika nAjuka saMkaTa-kAla meM bhaTTArakoM ne digambara-jaina-sampradAya ko vighaTana va patana se bacAyA, kintu bAda meM bhaTTAraka-saMsthA meM aneka vikRtiyA~ Ane lagI thiiN| ye vikRtiyA~ isa sImA taka pahu~ca gaI thIM ki saMgaThana kI zakti-vidhvaMsa kA rUpa dhAraNa karane lagI thii| bhaTTAraka AdhyAtmika ke sthAna para sAMsArika hote jA rahe the| ve ucita aura anucita donoM tarIkoM se apanI sthiti ko Upara uThAne va dhana ekatrita karane meM saMlagna ho gaye tathA apane dhArmika va sAmAjika kartavyoM kI pUrNa upekSA karane lge| inake kAryakSetra meM bhI girAvaTa Ane lagI thii| ve sampUrNa jaina-samAja ke hita-sAdhana ke sthAna para jainoM kI jAti-vizeSa taka hI sImita raha gaye the| isake pariNAmasvarUpa hama pAte haiM ki dakSiNa (mahArASTra va karnATaka) meM pratyeka pramukha jaina-jAti kA pRthak bhaTTAraka hotA hai, jo usa jAti ke sAmAjika va dhArmika jIvana ko niyaMtrita karatA hai| svAbhAvika taura para isane vibhinna jaina-jAtiyoM ke madhya khAI ko caur3A kara diyA thaa| vikrama saMvat kI satrahavIM sadI ke uttarArddha meM sthiti yahA~ taka pahu~cI ki bhaTTArakoM ke badalate AcAra-vicAroM se kSubdha hokara aneka digambara jainoM ne bhaTTAraka-saMsthA ke viruddha vidroha kara diyA tathA digambara jainoM ke eka anya sampradAya 'terApaMtha' kI sthApanA kii| isaprakAra bhaTTArakoM ke mudde para digambara jaina-samAja kramazaH 'bIsapaMthI' va 'terApaMthiyoM' meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| tabhI se 'bIsapaMthI' digambara jaina bhaTTArakoM meM vizvAsa rakhate haiM, jabaki 'terApaMthI' bhaTTArakoM meM kataI AsthA nahIM rkhte| Aja bhI bhaTTArakoM kI sthiti meM koI sudhAra nahIM huA hai tathA digambara-jainoM ke samakSa Aja bhI yaha prazna anizcita va anirNIta sthiti meM yathAvat par3A huA hai ki bhaTTAraka-saMsthA ko pUrNataH samApta kara diyA jAye, athavA badalatI huI paristhitiyoM ke anukUla ise nayA rUpa pradAnakara surakSita rakhA jaaye| adhisaMkhya 'bIsapaMthI' digambara-jaina isa saMsthA ko banAye rakhane ke pakSa meM haiM; kyoMki inakI yaha mAnyatA hai ki jaina-sampradAya ke AdhyAtmika jIvana kI 096 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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dekhabhAla-hetu isa taraha kI saMsthA kA honA Avazyaka hai| aise vicAra ubharakara A rahe haiM ki bhaTTArakoM ko jAti-vizeSa kA mukhiyA mAnane ke sthAna para unheM sampUrNa digambara jaina samAja ke saMgaThanakartA, pracAraka va niyamoM ke pAlanakartA ke rUpa meM suzikSita logoM ko hI bhaTTArakoM ke rUpa meM niyukta kiyA jaaye| isameM una logoM ko hI niyukta kiyA jAye, jo sAMsArika jIvana se mukti prApta kara AdhyAtmika kAryoM meM hI ruci rakhate hoN| isase digambara-jainoM ke madhya vyApta 'bIsapaMthI' va 'terApaMthI' kA vidveSa to samApta ho hI jAyegA tathA sAtha hI bhaTTArakoM kI vizAla jAyadAdeM vibhinna sAmAjika va dhArmika uddezyoM kI pUrti hetu prApta ho jaayeNgii| saMvat 1351 se 1800 taka bhaTTAraka hI vizeSa rUpa meM digambara jainoM dvArA pUje jAte rhe| ye bhaTTAraka apanA AcaraNa zramaNa-paramparA ke pUrNataH anukUla rakhate the| prANa-pratiSThA mahotsavoM evaM vividha vrata-upavAsoM kI samApti para hone vAle AyojanoM ke saMcAlana meM inakI pramukha bhUmikA hotI thii| rAjasthAma ke jaina-zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM aisI hajAroM pANDulipiyA~ saMgrahIta haiM, jo ina bhaTTArakoM kI preraNA se vibhinna zrAvaka-zrAvikAoM ne vrata-udyApana Adi ke zubha-avasaroM para likhavAkara ina zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM virAjamAna kI thiiN| isaprakAra sAhitya-sRjana kI dRSTi se bhaTTArakoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| bhaTTArakoM dvArA dharmotthAna ke kArya saMvat 1351 se saMvat 1900 taka jitane bhI deza meM paMcakalyANaka-mahotsava sampanna huye, ve prAyaH sabhI bhaTTArakoM ke netRtva meM hI Ayojita huye the| saMvat 1548, 1664, 1783, 1826 evaM 1852 meM deza meM jo vizAla pratiSThAyeM huI thIM, ve itihAsa meM advitIya thIM aura unameM hajAroM mUrtiyA~ pratiSThApita huI thiiN| uttara-bhArata ke prAyaH sabhI mandiroM meM Aja ina saMvatoM meM pratiSThApita mUrtiyA~ avazya milatI haiN| ye bhaTTAraka saMyamI hote the| inakA AhAra evaM vihAra yathAsaMbhava zramaNa-paramparA ke antargata hotA thaa| mugala bAdazAhoM taka ne unake caritra evaM vidvattA kI prazaMsA kI thii| madhyakAla meM to ve jainoM ke 'AdhyAtmika rAjA' kahalAne lage the, kintu yahI unake patana kA prArambhika kadama thaa| saMvat 1351 se saMvat 2000 taka ina bhaTTArakoM kA kabhI utthAna haA, to kabhI ve patana kI ora agrasara huye, lekina phira bhI ve samAja ke Avazyaka aMga mAne jAte rhe| yadyapi digambara-jaina-samAja meM 'terApaMtha' ke udaya se ina bhaTTArakoM para vidvAnoM dvArA kar3e prahAra kiye gaye tathA kucha vidvAn-bhaTTArakoM kI lokapriyatA ko samApta karane meM bar3e bhArI sAdhaka bhI bane; lekina phira bhI samAja meM inakI AvazyakatA banI rahI aura vrata-vidhAna evaM pratiSThA-samArohoM meM to ina bhaTTArakoM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 4097

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kI upasthiti Avazyaka mAnI jAtI rhii| 650 varSoM meM se 600 varSa taka to ye bhaTTAraka jaina-samAja ke aneka virodhoM ke bAvajUda bhI zraddhA ke pAtra bane rahe aura samAja inakI sevAoM ko Avazyaka samajhatA rhaa| zubhacandra, jinacandra, sakalakIrti, jJAnabhUSaNa jaise bhaTTAraka kisI bhI dRSTi se sAdhakoM se kama nahIM the; kyoMki unako jJAna, tyAga, tapasyA aura sAdhanA sabhI to unake samAna thI aura ve apane samaya ke ekamAtra nirvivAda digambara samAja ke pratinidhi the| unhoMne mugaloM ke samaya meM jainadharma kI rakSA hI nahIM kI, kintu sAhitya evaM saMskRti kI rakSA meM bhI atyadhika tatpara rhe| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra ko 'yatiyoM kA rAjA' kahA jAtA thA tathA bhaTTAraka somakIrti apane Apako 'AcArya' likhanA adhika pasanda karate the| bhaTTAraka vIracandra 'mahAvratiyoM ke nAyaka' the| unhoMne 16 varSa taka nIrasa AhAra kA sevana kiyA thaa| tathA bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ko 'nirgrantharAja' kahA jAtA thaa| graMtha-bhaNDAroM kI sthApanA, navIna pANDulipiyoM kA lekhana evaM unakA saMgraha Adi sabhI inake advitIya kArya the| Aja bhI jitanA adhika pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha bhaTTArakoM ke kendroM para milatA hai, utanA anyatra nhiiN| ajamera, nAgaura, Amera jaise nagaroM ke zAstra-bhaNDAra isake pratyakSa udAharaNa haiN| ye bhaTTAraka jJAna kI jIvanta mUrti hote the| inhoMne prAkRta evaM apabhraMza ke sAtha-sAtha saMskRta evaM hindI meM graMtha-racanA ko adhika protsAhana diyA aura svayaM ne bhI pramukhataH inhIM bhASAoM meM graMthoM kA nirmANa kiyaa| isake atirikta ve sAhitya kI kisI bhI eka vidyA se cipake nahIM rahe, kintu sAhitya ke sabhI aMgoM ko pallavita kiyaa| unhoMne carita-kAvyoM ke sAtha-sAtha purANa, kAvya-velI, rAsa pacAsikA, zataka-bAvanI, vivAhalo, AkhyAnapada evaM gItoM kI racanA meM gaharI ruci lI aura saMskRta evaM hindI meM saikar3oM mahattvapUrNa racanAoM meM unake pracAra-prasAra meM pUrNa yoga diyaa| inhIM ke ziSya 'brahma jinadAsa' jaisA hindI-sAhitya meM dUsarA koI kavi nahIM milegA; jinhoMne akele 35 'rAsaka' graMtha likhe hoN| brahma jinadAsa kA 'rAma-sItArAsa' tulasIdAsa ke 'rAmacarita mAnasa' se bhI kahIM bar3A hai|' sAhitya-nirmANa ke atirikta zramaNa-saMskRti ke ina upAsakoM dvArA rAjasthAna, madhyapradeza, dehalI, bAgaDa pradeza evaM gujarAta meM mandiroM ke nirmANa meM, pratiSThA-samArohoM ke AyojanoM meM, mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA meM jitanA yogadAna diyA gayA, vaha bhI Aja hamAre liye itihAsa kI vastu hai| Aja sArA bAgaDa pradeza, mAlavA pradeza, koTA, bUMdI, evaM jhAlAvAr3a kA pradeza, campAvatI, ToDArAyasiMha evaM raNathambhaura kA kSetra jitanA jaina purAtattva meM samRddha hai, utanA deza kA anya koI kSetra nahIM hai| mugala-zAsana meM evaM usake bAda bhI ina bhaTTArakoM ne isaprakAra ke kArya kI sampannatA meM jitanA rasa liyA, vaha bhAratIya purAtattva ke itihAsa kI mahattvapUrNa ghaTanA 098 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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hai| saMvat 1548 meM bhaTTAraka jinacandra ne 'muMDAsA' nagara meM eka lAkha bhI adhika mUrtiyoM kI pratiSThA kA kArya sampanna kiyA thaa| yaha vizAla Ayojana jIvarAja pAr3IvAla dvArA karAyA gayA thaa| isI taraha saMvat 1826 meM 'savAI mAdhopura' meM bhaTTAraka sukhendrakIrti ke tattvAvadhAna meM jo vizAla pratiSThA samAroha huA thA, usameM bhI hajAroM mUrtiyoM ko pratiSThita kiyA gayA thaa| rAjasthAna meM Aja koI aisA mandira nahIM hogA, jisameM saMvat 1826 meM pratiSThApita mUrti nahIM milatI ho| ye bhaTTAraka bAda meM apane kIrti stambha banavAne lage the, jinameM bhaTAraka- paramparA kA vistRta ullekha milatA hai| aisA hI kIrtistambha pahale 'cAkasU meM thA, jo Ajakala rAjasthAna purAtattva vibhAga ke adhIna hai aura yaha Amera ke bAga meM sthApita kiyA huA hai| Amera (jayapura) meM eka naziyAM 'kIrtistambha kI naziyA~' ke nAma se hI prasiddha hai| isa kIrtistambha ko saMvat 1883 meM bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti ne sthApita kiyA thaa| isI taraha 'cAMdakher3I' evaM 'maujamAbAda' meM vizAla pratiSThAoM kA Ayojana huA thaa| saMvat 1664 meM pratiSThApita 200 se adhika mUrtiyA~ to svayaM 'maujamAbAda' meM virAjamAna haiN| vizAla evaM kalApUrNa mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM bhI inakI gaharI ruci hotI thii| jayapura meM pArzvanAtha kI pratimA sAgavAr3A, cAMdakher3I, jhAlarApATana meM aisI vizAlakAya evaM manojJa mUrtiyA~ mUrtikalA ke utkRSTa udAharaNa haiN| bhaTTAraka-saMsthA kA udaya 13vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM huA, jaba usa yuga meM bhaTTAraka bananA gaurava kI bAta samajhI jAne lagI thii| isaliye bhaTTAraka - paramparA sAre deza meM vigat 700 varSoM meM akSuNNa rUpa se calatI rhii| aura eka ke pazcAt eka bhaTTAraka hote gaye aura pUrA jaina samAja bhI unheM apanA adhikAra samarpita karatA rhaa| deza meM 100 varSa pahale rAjasthAna meM bhI mahAvIra jI, nAgora evaM ajamera meM bhaTTAraka- gAdiyA~ thiiN| inake atirikta madhyapradeza meM sonAgira, mahArASTra meM kAraMjA, dakSiNa bhArata meM mUDabidrI, zravaNabelagolA, kolhApura, humacA Adi meM bhaTTArakagAdiyA~ vartamAna meM bhI vidyamAna haiN| ye bhaTTAraka Agama-granthoM ke vettA hote the| pUjA-pATha, abhiSeka, vidhi-vidhAna, paMca kalyANaka pratiSThAyeM, pANDulipi - lekhana navIna sAhitya kA nirmANa kArya karate the| apane jIvana ke Arambha - parigraha se rahita jina-mArga ke upadeSTA hote the| 400-500 varSoM taka to bhaTTAraka samAja ke ekamAtra pratinidhi the| dhArmika mAmaloM ke pravartaka the| mandiroM ke saMrakSaka the, samAja ke niyantA the| ye mandiroM meM rahate the| * bhaTTAraka zAstroM ke racayitA bhI hote the| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti, bhaTTAraka zubhacandra, bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa, bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti evaM Amera gAdI ke bhaTTAraka jagatakIrti, ye sabhI ucca koTi ke vidvAn the| ye kitane hI kAvyoM ke racayitA the| ye saMskRta meM dhArApravAha likhate the| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke ziSya jinadAsa to bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 99

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mahAn vidvAn the| jinake pacAsoM graMtha Aja bhI jaina-zAstra-bhaNDAroM kI zobhA bar3hA rahe haiN| ve mahAkavi the| rAma-sItA-rAsa, harivaMzapurANa jaise vizAla graMtha unake dvArA racita haiN| yaha kahanA sahI hogA ki yadi ina bhaTTArakoM dvArA zAstra-bhaNDAroM kI rakSA nahIM hotI, to Aja jaina-zAstra itane samRddha nahIM hote| DaoN. kAsalIvAla ke anusAra akele rAjasthAna meM ina graMtha-bhaNDAroM kI saMkhyA 200 se bhI adhika hai, jinameM tIna lAkha se bhI adhika saMkhyA meM pANDulipiyoM kA saMgraha upalabdha hotA hai|' rAjasthAna ke jina pramukha bhaTTArakIya-gAdiyoM kA varNana itihAsa meM milatA hai, unameM sabase pramukha gAdI 'Amera' kI mAnI jAtI thii| bhaTTAraka-sampradAya meM ise 'dehalI-jayapura-zAkhA kI gAdI' bhI kahA hai| isa zAkhA ke bhaTTArakoM kA kAla nimna-prakAra rahA bhaTTArakagaNa - dillI, jayapura zAkhA kAlapaTa 1. padyanandI, 2. zubhacandra (saMvat 1450-1507), 3. jinacandra (saMvat 1507-1571), ratnakIrti, siMhakIrti (nAgaura zAkhA), 4. prabhAcanacha (saMvat 1571-1580), 5. candrakIrti (saMvat 1654), 6. devendrakIrti, 7. narendrakIrti, 8. surendrakIrti (saMvat 1722), 9. jagatkIrti (saMvat 1733), 10. devendrakIrti (saMvat 1770), 11. mahendrakIrti (saMvat 1790), 12. sunendrakIrti (saMvat 1822) 13. sukhendrakIrti (saMvat 1852) 14. narendrakIrti (saMvat 1880), 15. devendrakIrti (saMvat 1883) 16. mahendrakIrti (saMvat 1939), evaM 17. candrakIrti (saMvat 1975) / inameM se katipaya-pramukha prabhAvaka bhaTTArakoM kA paricaya evaM unake yogadAna kA vivaraNa nimnAnusAra haibhaTTAraka padmanandi saMskRta-bhASA ke unnAyakoM meM bhaTTAraka AcArya padmanandi kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| ye prabhAcandra ke ziSya the| kahA jAtA hai ki dillI meM ratnakIrti ke paTTa para vikrama saMvat 1310 kI pauSa zukla pUrNimA ko bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra kA abhiSeka huA thaa| ye mUlasaMgha sthita nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa aura sarasvatIgaccha ke the| paTTAvaliyoM aura prazastiyoM ke AdhAra para padmanandi kA samaya IsvI san kI 14vIM zatI hai| bhaTTAraka padmanandi ke nAma se kaI stotra milate haiN| unakI sunirNIta racanAyeM haiM - jIrApallIpArzvanAthastavana, bhAvanApaddhati, zrAvakAcArasAroddhAra, anantavratakathA, evaM vrddhmaancrit| jabaki saMdigdha kRtiyA~ haiM - vItarAgastotra, zAntijinastotra, evaM jiiraavnnpaarshvnaathstotr| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti vipula sAhitya-nirmANa kI dRSTi se AcArya sakalakIrti kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna 40 100 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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hai| inhoMne saMskRta evaM prAkRta-vAGmaya ko saMrakSaNa hI nahIM diyA, apitu usakA paryApta pracAra aura prasAra kiyaa| inakI prasiddhi mahAkavIzvara ke rUpa meM thii| AcArya sakalakIrti ne prApta AcArya-paramparA kA sarvAdhikarUpa meM poSaNa kiyA hai| tIrtha-yAtrAyeM kara janasAmAnya meM dharma ke prati jAgarukatA utpanna kI aura navamaMdiroM kA nirmANa karAkara pratiSThAyeM kraayiiN| niHsandeha AcArya sakalakIrti kA asAdhAraNa vyaktitva thaa| tatkAlIna saMskRta, apabhraMza, rAjasthAnI Adi bhASAoM para apUrva adhikAra thaa| bhaTTAraka sakalabhUSaNa ne apane 'upadezaratnamAlA' nAmaka grantha kI prazasti meM sakalakIrti ko aneka purANagranthoM kA racayitA likhA hai| nirgranthAcArya sakalakIrti eka bar3e tapasvI, jJAnI, dharma-pracAraka aura grantharacayitA the| usa yuga meM ye advitIya pratibhAzAlI evaM zAstroM ke pAragAmI the| AcArya sakalakIrti kA janma vikrama saMvat 1443 (IsvI san 1386) meM huA thaa|12 inake pitA kA nAma karmasiMha aura mAtA kA nAma zobhA thaa| ye hUvar3a jAti ke the aura aNahilapurapaTTana ke rahane vAle the|13 bAlaka kA nAma mAtA-pitA ne pUrNasiMha yA pUnasiMha rakhA thaa| eka paTTAvalI meM inakA nAma 'padArtha' bhI pAyA jAtA hai| inakA varNa rAjahaMsa ke samAna zubhra aura zarIra 32 lakSaNoM se yukta thaa| mAtA-pitA ne 14 varSa kI avasthA meM hI pUrNasiMha kA vivAha kara diyaa| kahA jAtA hai ki mAtA-pitA ke Agraha se ye cAra varSoM taka ghara meM rahe aura 18veM varSa meM praveza karate hI vikrama saMvat 1463 (IsvI san 1406) meM samasta sampatti kA tyAga kara bhaTTAraka padmanandi ke pAsa 'neNavAM' meM cale gye| 34veM varSa meM AcArya padavI dhAraNa kara apane pradeza meM vApisa Aye aura dharma-pracAra karane lge| isa samaya ve nagnAvasthA meM the| AcArya sakalakIrti ne bAgar3a aura gujarAta meM paryApta bhramaNa kiyA aura dharmopadeza dekara zrAvakoM meM dharma-bhAvanA jAgRta kI thii| balAtkAragaNa kI IDarazAkhA kA Arambha bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti se hI hotA hai| inakA sthitikAla vikrama-saMvat 1443-1499 taka AtA hai| AcArya sakalakIrti saMskRta-bhASA ke praur3ha paMDita the| inake dvArA likhita nimnalikhita racanAoM kI jAnakArI prApta hotI hai - zAntinAthacarita, varddhamAnacarita, mallinAthacarita, yazodharacarita, dhanyakumAracarita, sukamAlacarita, sudarzanacarita, jambUsvAmIcarita, zrIpAlacarita, mUlAcArapradIpa, praznottaropAsakAcAra, AdipurANavRSabhanAthacarita, uttarapurANa, sadbhASitAvalI-sUktimuktAvalI, pArzva-nAthapurANa, siddhAntasAradIpaka, vratakathAkoSa, purANasArasaMgraha, karmavipAka, tattvArtha-sAradIpaka, paramAtmarAjastotra, AgamasAra, sAracaturviMzatikA, paMcaparameSThIpUjA, aSTAhnikApUjA, bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00101

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solahakAraNapUjA, dvAdazAnuprekSA, gaNadharavalayapUjA evaM samAdhimaraNotsAhadIpaka / rAjasthAnI bhASA meM likhita racanAyeM isa prakAra haiM ArAdhanApratibodhasAra, nemIzvara-gIta, muktAvalI - gIta, NamIkAra - gIta, pArzvanAthASTaka, solakakAraNarAso, zikhAmaNirAsa, evaM rattrayarAsa / niHsandeha AcArya sakalakIrti apane yuga ke pratinidhi lekhaka haiN| inhoMne apane purANa-viSayaka kRtiyoM meM AcArya - paramparA dvArA pravAhita vicAroM ko hI sthAna diyA hai / caritranirmANa ke sAtha siddhAnta, bhakti evaM karma-viSayaka racanAyeM paramparA ke poSaNa meM vizeSa sahAyaka haiN| bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti sakalakIrti ke pradhAna ziSyoM meM bhaTTAraka bhuvanakIrti kI gaNanA kI gayI hai| sakalakIrti ke 33 varSoM ke pazcAt bhuvanakIrti ko vikrama saMvat 1532 meM bhaTTAraka - pada milA hogaa| AcArya bhuvanakIrti vividha bhASAoM aura zAstroM ke jJAtA the| inheM vibhinna kalAoM kA parijJAna bhI thA / bhuvanakIrti ke sambandha meM brahmajinadAsa, bhaTTAraka jJAnakIrti Adi ne batAyA hai ki pahale ye muni rahe haiM aura sakalakIrti kI mRtyu pazcAt inheM bhaTTAraka- pada pradAna kiyA gayA hai| bhuvanakIrti ne grantha-racanA ke sAtha-sAtha pratiSThAyeM bhI karAyI thiiN| - AcArya bhuvanakIrti ke 'jIvandhararAsa', 'jambUsvAmIrAsa' aura 'aMjanAcarita' grantha upalabdha haiN| 'jIvandhararAsa' meM jIvandhara ke puNyacarita kA aura 'jambUsvAmIrAsa ' meM jambUsvAmI ke pAvana carita kA rAsazailI meM varNita kiyA gayA hai| AcArya brahmajinadAsa brahmajinadAsa saMskRta ke mahAn vidvAn aura kavi the| ye kundakundAnvaya, sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke kaniSTha bhrAtA aura ziSya the| balAtkAragaNa kI IDara zAkhA ke sarvAdhika prabhAvaka bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti ke anuja hone ke kAraNa inakI pratiSThA atyadhika thI / inakI mAtA kA nAma 'zobhA' aura pitA kA nAma 'karNasiMha' thaa| ye pATana ke rahanevAle tathA 'hUMvar3a' jAti ke zrAvaka the| inhoMne guru ke rUpa meM sakalakIrti kA AdarapUrvaka smaraNa kiyA hai| brahmajinadAsa kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1450-1525 honA caahiye| brahmajinadAsa grantha racayitA hone ke sAtha kuzala upAdhyAya bhI the| inakI racanAyeM do bhASAoM meM haiM kI racanAyeM isa prakAra haiM jambUsvAmIcarita, rAmacarita, harivaMzapurANa, puSpAMjalivratakathA, jambUdvIpapUjA, sArddhadvayadvIpapUjA, saptarSipUjA, jyeSThijinavarapUjA, solahakAraNapUjA, gurupUjA, anantavratapUjA, evaM jlyaatraavidhi| rAjasthAnI-bhASA meM saMskRta evaM rAjasthAnI / saMskRta bhASA - 00 102 -- - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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racita kRtiyA~ isa prakAra haiM - AdinAthapurANa, harivaMzapurANa, rAma-sItArAsa, yazodhararAsa, hanumatarAsa, nAgakumArarAsa, paramahaMsarAsa, ajitanAtharAsa, holIrAsa, dharmaparIkSArAsa,jyeSThijinavararAsa, zreNikarAsa,samakitamithyAtvarAsa,sudarzanarAsa, ambikArAsa, nAgazrIrAsa, zrIpAlarAsa, jambUsvAmIrAsa, bhadrabAhurAsa, karmavipAkarAsa, sukauzalasvAmIrAsa, rohiNIrAsa, solahakAraNarAsa, dazalakSaNarAsa, anantavratarAsa, dhannakumArarAsa, cArudattaprabandharAsa, puSpAMjalirAsa, dhanapAlarAsa, bhaviSyadattarAsa, jIvandharAsa, nemI-zvararAsa, karakaNDurAsa, subhaumacakravartIrAsa, aTThAbIsamUlaguNarAsa, mithyAdukkar3avinatI, bArahavatagIta, jIvar3AgIta, jiNandagIta, AdinAthastavana, AlocanAjayamAla, gurujayamAla, zAstrapUjA, sarasvatIpUjA, gurupUjA, jambUdvIpapUjA, nirdoSasaptamIvratapUjA, ravivratakathA, caurAsIjAtijayamAla, bhaTTArakavidyAdharakathA, aSTAMgasamyaktvakathA, vratakathA, evaM pNcprmesstthiigunnvrnnn| AcArya somakIrti __ ye kASThAsaMgha kI nanditaTa-zAkhA ke bhaTTAraka the tathA 10vIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha bhaTTAraka rAmasena kI paramparA meM honevAle bhaTTAraka the| inake dAdAguru kA nAma lakSmIsena aura guru kA nAma bhImasena thaa| inakA janma vikrama saMvat 1480 ke lagabhaga AtA hai| inake ziSyoM meM yazakIrti, vIrasena aura yazodhara - ye tIna pradhAna haiN| inakI mRtyu ke pazcAt yazakIrti hI bhaTTAraka bne| somakIrti labdhapratiSTha vidvAn the aura inakI vANI meM amRta-jaisA prabhAva thaa| AcArya somakIrti ne saMskRta evaM hindI ina donoM hI bhASAoM meM grantha-praNayana kiyA hai| upalabdha racanAyeM nimprakAra haiM - 1. saMskRta racanAyeM - saptavyasanakathA, pradyumnacarita, evaM yazodharacarita; 2. rAjasthAnI racanAyeM - gurvAvali, yazodhararAsa, RSabhanAtha kI dhUli, malligIta, evaM aadinaathvintii| isaprakAra somakIrti ne ahiMsA, zrAvakAcAra, anekAnta Adi viSayoM kA pratipAdana kiyA hai| AcArya jJAnabhUSaNa jJAnabhUSaNa prArambha meM bhaTTAraka vimalendrakIrti ke ziSya the; kintu uttarakAla meM inhoMne bhuvanakIrti ko apanA guru svIkAra kiyA hai| jJAnabhUSaNa evaM jJAnakIrti ye donoM hI sage bhAI evaM gurubhAI the| ye golAlAre-jAti ke zrAvaka the| ___ nandisaMgha kI paTTAvali se jJAta hotA hai ki jJAnabhUSaNa gujarAta ke rahanevAle the| gujarAta meM inhoneM sAgAradharma dhAraNa kiyA, ahIra (AbhIra) deza meM meM 11 pratimAyeM dhAraNa kI aura 'vAgavaTa' yA 'bAgar3adeza' meM durdhara mahAvrata grahaNa kiye| taulavadeza ke yatiyoM meM inakI bar3I pratiSThA huii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00103

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bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1500-1562 hai| bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ne saMskRta aura hindI - - donoM hI bhASAoM meM racanAyeM likhI haiN| unakI saMskRta-racanAyeM haiM Atmasambodhana kAvya, RSimaNDalapUjA, tattvajJAnataraMgiNI, pUjASTakaTIkA, paMcakalyANakodyApanapUjA, neminirvANakAvya kI paMjikATIkA, jabaki bhaktAmarapUjA, zrutapUjA, sarasvatIpUjA, sarasvatIstuti, evaM zAstramaNDalapUjA; hindI - racanAyeM haiM AdIzvaraphAga, jalagAlanarAsa, posaharAsa, SaTkarmarAsa, evaM nAgadrArAsa / - - bhaTTAraka abhinava dharmabhUSaNa abhinava dharmabhUSaNa inakA ullekha vijayanagara ke zilAlekha saMkhyA 2 meM varddhamAna bhaTTAraka ke ziSya ke rUpa meM AyA hai| 'nyAyadIpikA' meM tRtIya prakAza kI puSpikAvAkya meM tathA granthAnta meM Aye huye padya meM dharmabhUSaNa ne apane ko varddhamAna bhaTTAraka kA ziSya batalAyA hai| inakA antima samaya IsvI san 1418 AtA hai| abhinava dharmabhUSaNa rAjAoM dvArA mAnya evaM labdhapratiSTha yazasvI vidvAn the| inake dvArA racita 'nyAyadIpikA' nAmaka eka nyAyagrantha upalabdha hotA hai| isa grantha meM tIna prakAza yA pariccheda haiN| isa choTe se grantha meM nyAyazAstra - sambandhI siddhAntoM kA acchA samAveza kiyA gayA hai| bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti vijayakIrti bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya the aura sakalakIrti dvArA sthApita bhaTTAraka- gaddI para AsIna huye the| inake pitA kA nAma 'zAhagaMga' aura mAtA kA nAma 'ku~ari' thaa| inakA zarIra kAmadeva ke samAna sundara thA / zreNicarita meM vijayakIrti ko yatirAja, puNyamUrti Adi vizeSaNoM dvArA ullikhita kiyA hai| vikrama saMvat 1547-1570 taka inake bhaTTAraka - pada para AsIna rahane kA ullekha milatA hai| ataeva vijayakIrti kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI mAnA jAtA hai| vijayakIrti zAstrArthI vidvAn the| inhoMne apane vihAra aura pravacana dvArA jainadharma kA pracAra evaM prasAra kiyA thaa| inake dvArA likhita koI bhI grantha abhI taka upalabdha nahIM huA hai| 00104 AcArya zubhacandra bhaTTAraka zubhacandra vijayakIrti ke ziSya the| bhaTTAraka zubhacandra kA jIvanakAla vikrama saMvat 1535 - 1620 honA caahiye| 40 varSoM taka bhaTTAraka - pada para AsIna rahakara zubhacandra ne sAhitya aura saMskRti kI sevA kI hai| saMskRta aura hindI donoM bhASAoM meM hI inakI racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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unakI saMskRta - racanAyeM haiM candraprabhacarita, karakaNDucarita, kIrtikeyAnuprekSATIkA, candanAcarita, jIvandharacarita, pANDavapurANa, zreNikacarita, sajjanacittavallabha, pArzvanAtha kAvyapaMjikA, prAkRtalakSaNa, adhyAtmataraMgiNI, ambikAkalpa, aSTAhnikAkathA, karmadahanapUjA, candanaSaSThIvratapUjA, gaNadharavalayapUjA, cAritrazuddhividhAna, tIsacaubIsIpUjA, paMcakalyANakapUjA, pallIvratodyApana, terahadvIpapUjA, puSpAMjalivratapUjA, sArddhadvayadvIpapUjA, evaM siddhacakrapUjA / inake dvArA racita hindI kRtiyA~ haiM mahAvIrachanda, vijayakIrtichanda, guruchanda, neminAthachanda, tattvasAradUjA, evaM aSTAhnikAgI / bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi vidyAnandi balAtkAragaNa kI sUrata- zAkhA ke bhaTTAraka the| bhaTTAraka vidyAnandi ke dvArA 'sudarzanacarita' nAmaka caritakAvya kI racanA gandhAranagara yA gandhArapurI meM kI gayI hai / sambhavataH yaha sUrata nagara kA hI nAmAntara hai| isa kRti kI racanA vikrama-saMvat 1355 ke lagabhaga sampanna huI hai| bhaTTAraka mallibhUSaNa vidyAnandi ke paTTa ziSyoM meM mallibhUSaNa kI gaNanA kI jAtI hai| inhoMne vikrama saMvat 1805 meM sUrata eka AdinAthamUrti sthApita kI thI / AcArya vIracandra bhaTTArakIya balAtkAragaNa sUrata- zAkhA ke bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti kI paramparA meM lakSmIcandra ke ziSya AcArya vIracandra huye haiN| vIracandra atyanta pratibhA sampanna vidvAn the| vyAkaraNa evaM nyAyazAstra ke prakANDavettA the| chanda, alaMkAra evaM saMgIta-zAstra kI marmajJatA ke sAtha vAdavidyA meM nipuNa the| sAdhujIvana kA nirvAha karate huye ve gRhasthoM ko bhI saMyamita jIvana-yApana karane kI zikSA dete the| lakSmIcandra ke ziSya hone ke kAraNa vIracandra kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1556-1582 ke madhya hai / inake dvArA racita kRtiyoM meM jo samaya prApta hotA hai, usase bhI inakA kAryakAla vikrama kI 17vIM zatAbdI siddha hotA hai| AcArya vIracandra saMskRta, prAkRta, hindI aura gujarAtI ke niSNAta vidvAn the| inake dvArA likhita ATha racanAyeM prApta haiM 1. vIravilAsaphAga, 2. jambUsvAmIveli, 3. jinAntara, 4. sImandharasvAmIgIta, 5. sambodhasattANu, 6. neminAtharAsa, 7. cittanirodhakathA, evaM 8. bAhubaliveli / AcArya sumatikIrti - - sumatikIrti kA ullekha bhaTTAraka jJAnabhUSaNa ke ziSya ke rUpa meM AtA hai| ina jJAnabhUSaNa karmakANDa kI TIkA sumatikIrti kI sahAyatA se likhI hai| ye sumatikIrti nandisaMgha balAtkAragaNa evaM sarasvatIgaccha ke bhaTTAraka vIracanda ke ziSya bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 105

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the| inakA samaya 16vIM zatAbdI kA antima bhAga aura 17vIM zatAbdI kA madhyabhAga hai| inhoMne saMskRta aura hindI bhASAoM meM apanI racanAyeM likhI haiN| saMskRta-bhASA kI racanAyeM haiM - karmakANDaTIkA evaM paMcasaMgrahaTIkA; jabaki hindI-bhASA kI kRtiyA~ haiM - dharmaparIkSArAsa, vasantavidyAvilAsa, jihvAdantasaMvAda, jinavarasvAmIvinatI, zItalanAthagIta, evaM phuTakara pdy| bhaTTAraka jinacandra dillI kI bhaTTAraka-gaddI ke AcAryoM meM jinacandra kA mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| vikrama saMvat 1407 jyeSTha kRSNa paMcamI ko inakA paTTAbhiSeka bar3I dhUmadhAma ke sAtha huA thaa| 64 varSa taka ye bhaTTAraka-pada para AsIna rhe| inakI Ayu 91 varSa, ATha mAha, sattAIsa dina thii| ye bagheravAla-jAti ke the| jinacandra ne rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza, paMjAba evaM dillI ke vibhinna pradezoM meM paryApta vihAra kiyA aura janatA ko dharmopadeza diyaa| __ AcArya jinacandra ne maulika-granthalekhana ke sAtha prAcIna-granthoM kI pANDulipiyA~ taiyAra kraayiiN| inakI 'siddhAntasAra, evaM 'jinacaturviMzatistotra' racanAyeM upalabdha haiN| bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra jinacandra ke ziSya prabhAcandra ke sambandha meM paTTAvalI meM batalAyA hai - "saMvat 1471 phAlgunavadI dvitIyA ko bha. prabhAcaMdra jI gRhasthavarSa 15 dIkSAvarSa 35 paTTavarSa 9 mAsa, 4 divasa, 25 aMtaradivasa, 8 sarvavarSa, 59 mAsa, 5 divasa, 2 ekai bAra gaccha doya huA cItoDa ara nAgora kA saM. 1572 kA assvaal|"14 prabhAcandra khaNDelavAla-jAti ke zrAvaka the| vikrama saMvat 1571 kI phAlguna kRSNa dvitIyA ko dillI meM dhUmadhAma se inakA paTTAbhiSeka huaa| paTTAvalI ke anusAra ye 15 varSa taka bhaTTAraka-pada para rhe| prabhAcandra ne sAhitya, purAtattva, granthAdvAra evaM janasAdhAraNa meM dharma ke prati abhiruci utpanna karane ke kArya sampanna kiye| bhaTTAraka jinasena dvitIya dvitIya jinasena bhaTTAraka yazakIrti ke ziSya haiN| inakI eka kRti 'neminAtharAsa' upalabdha huI hai, jisakI racanA vikrama saMvat 1556 mAgha zukla paMcamI, guruvAra, siddhayoga meM javAccha nagara meM sampanna huii| yaha rAsa prabandhakAvya hai aura jIvana kI samasta pramukha ghaTanAyeM isameM citrita haiN| samasta racanA meM 93 padya haiN| isakI prati jayapura ke digambara-jaina bar3A mandira terahapaMthI zAstra-bhaNDAra meM saMgrahIta hai| prati kA lekhanakAla vikama-saMvat 1516 pauSa zukla pUrNimA hai| rAsa kI bhASA rAjasthAnI hai, jisapara gujarAtI kA prabhAva hai| jinasena kA samaya vikrama-saMvat kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai| 00106 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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AcArya brahma jIvandhara bhaTTAraka brahma jIvandhara bhaTTAraka somakIrti ke praziSya evaM yazakIrti ke ziSya the| inhoMne vikrama saMvat 1590 vaizAkha zukla trayodazI, somavAra ke dina, bhaTTAraka vinayacandra 'svopajJacUnar3ITIkA' kI pratilipi apane jJAnAvaraNIyakarma ke kSayArtha kI thii| ataH inakA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai| inakI nimnalikhita racanAyeM prApta haiM guNasthAnaveli, khaTolArAsa, jhubuMkagIta, zrutajayamAlA, nemicarita, satIgIta, tInacaubIsIstuti, darzanastotra, jJAnavirAgavinatI, AlocanA, bIsatIrthaMkarajayamAlA, evaM caubIsatIrthaMkarajayamAlA / AcArya zrutasAgarasUri - zrutasAgarasUri kevala paramparA - paripoSaka hI nahIM haiM, apitu maulika saMsthApaka bhI haiN| inakI 'tattvArthasUtra' para eka 'zrutasAgarI' nAma kI vRtti upalabdha hai, jisase inakI maulikatA kA paricaya prApta hotA hai| ye mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke AcArya haiN| inake guru kA nAma vidyAnandi thaa| zrutasAgara ne apane ko dezavratI, brahmacArI tathA varNI likhA hai tathA 'navavanavatimahAvAdivijetA, tarka-vyAkaraNa - chaMda - alaMkara - siddhAnta - sAhityAdi - zAstranipuNa, prAkRtavyAkaraNAdianekazAstracaMcu, uyabhASAkavicakravartI, tArkikaziromaNi, paramAgamapravINa Adi vizeSaNoM se alaMkRta kiyA hai| 15 zrutasAgara kA vyaktitva eka jJAnArAdhaka tapasvI kA vyaktitva hai, jinakA eka-eka kSaNa zrutadevatA kI upAsanA meM vyatIta huA hai| zrutasAgara nissandeha atyanta pratibhAzAlI vidvAn hai| ye kalikAsarvajJa kahe jAte haiN| bhaTTAraka zrutasAgarasUri kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai| zrutasAgara kI aba taka 38 racanAyeM prApta haiN| inameM ATha TIkAgrantha haiM, aura caubIsa kathAgrantha haiM, zeSa chaH vyAkaraNa aura kAvya-grantha haiN| ye kRtiyA~ isaprakAra haiM1. yazastilakacandrikA, 2. tattvArthavRtti, 3. tattvatrayaprakAzikA, 4. jinasahasranAmaTIkA, 5. mahAbhiSekaTIkA, 6. SaTpAhuDaTIkA, 7. siddhabhaktiTIkA, 8. siddhacakrASTakaTIkA, 9. jyeSThajinavarakathA, 10. ravivratakathA, 11. saptaparamasthAnakathA, 12. muktisaptamIkathA, 13. akSayanidhikathA, 15, SoDasakAraNakathA, 15, meghamAlAvratakathA, 16, candanaSaSThIkathA, 17. labdhi - vidhAnakathA, 18. purandaravidhAnakathA, 19. dazalakSaNIvratakathA, 20. puSpAM - jalivratakathA, 21. AkAzapaMcamIvratakathA, 22. muktAvalIvratakathA, 23. nirduHkha - saptamIkathA, 24. sugandhadazamIkathA, 25. zrAvaNakSadazamIkathA, 26. ratnatrayavratakathA, 27. anantavratakathA, 28. azokarohiNIkathA, 29. tapo - lakSaNapaMktikathA, 30. paMktikathA, 31. vimAnapaMktikathA, 32. palli - bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 107

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vidhAnakathA, 33. zrIpAlacarita, 24. yazodharacarita, 35. audAryacintAmaNi (prAkRtavyAkaraNa), 36. zrutaskandhapUjA, 37. pArzvanAthastavana, evaM 38. shaantinaathstvn| bhaTTAraka brahmanemidatta brahmanemidatta mUlasaMgha sarasvatI gaccha balAtkAragaNa ke vidvAn bhaTTAraka mallibhUSaNa ke ziSya the| inake dIkSAguru bhaTTAraka devendrakIrti ke ziSya vidyAnandi the| brahmanemidatta saMskRta, apabhraMza, hindI aura gujarAtI bhASA ke vidvAn the| inhoMne saMskRta meM carita, purANa, kathA Adi granthoM kI racanA kI hai| brahmanemidatta kA samaya vikrama kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai| inakI 12-13 racanAyeM prApta haiM, jo isaprakAra haiM - 1. ArAdhanAkathAkoza, 2. neminAthapurANa, 3. zrIpAlacarita, 4. rAtri-bhojanatyAgakathA, 6. prItaGkaramahAmunicarita, 7. dhanyakumAracarita, 8. neminirvANakAvya--isakI prati IDara meM prApta hai, 9. nAgakumArakathA, 10. dharmopadezapIyUSavarSazrAvakAcAra, 11. mAlarohiNI, evaM 12. aadityvaarvrtraas| bhaTTAraka yazakIrti kASThAsaMgha ke mAthurAnvaya puSkaragaNa ke bhaTTArakoM meM bhaTTAraka yazakIrti kA nAma AyA hai| guNakIrti ke paTTaziSya-yazakIrti huye tathA inake paTTaziSya malayakIrti huye| yazakIrti apane samaya ke atyanta prasiddha aura yazasvI vyakti the| 'bhaviSyadattacarita' ke pratilipi kI puSpikA se spaSTa hai ki vikrama saMvat 1486 meM DUMgarasiMha ke rAjyakAla meM bhaTTAraka yazakIrti yazasvI ho cuke the| inakA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 15vIM zatI kA antima bhAga tathA 16vIM zatI kA pUrvArddha hai| inakI cAra racanAyeM prApta haiM - 1. pANDavapurANa, 2. harivaMzapurANa, 3. jiNarattikahA, evaM 4. rvivykhaa| ye sabhI apabhraMza-bhASA meM haiN| bhaTTAraka mahanandi muni muni mahanandi bhaTTAraka vIracanda ke ziSya the| ye apane yuga ke atyanta pratiSThita sAhityakAra the| inake dvArA viracita 'bArakhar3I dohA' yA 'pAhuDa dohA' grantha prApta haiM isameM 333 dohe haiN| inhoMne grantha ke Adi meM apane guru kA nAma kA ullekha kiyA hai| inakA samaya vikrama saMvat kI 16vIM zatAbdI hai| ___mahanandi kI eka hI racanA prApta hai - paahudddohaa| yaha racanA bArahakhar3I ke krama se likhI gayI hai| isameM 333 dohe haiM, jisakI saMkhyA kI abhivyaMjanA kavi ne vibhinna rUpoM meM kI hai| bhaTTAraka guNacandra bhaTTAraka guNacandra mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha balAtkAragaNa ke bhaTTAraka ratnakIrti ke praziSya aura bhaTTAraka yazakIrti ke ziSya the| yazakIrti apane samaya ke acche 00108 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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vidvAn the| bhaTTAraka guNacandra kA samaya vikrama saMvat 1613 - 1653 hai| bhaTTAraka guNacandra kI saMskRta aura hindI donoM bhASAoM meM racanAyeM pAyI jAtI haiN| saMskRta racanAyeM isa prakAra haiM- anantanAtha pUjA evaM maunavratakathA, jabaki hindI racanAyeM haiM dayArasarAsa 16, rAjamatirAsa, AdityavratakathA, bArahamAsa, bArahavrata, vinatI, stuti nemijinendra, jJAnacetanAnuprekSA, evaM phuTakara - pada / AcArya narendrasena narendrasena senagaNa puSkaragaccha kI guru- paramparA meM chatrasena ke paTTAdhikArI huye haiN| narendrasena tarkazAstrI vidvAn the| 'pramANaprameyakalikA' inhIM chatrasena ke ziSya narendrasena kI hai| inakA samaya vikrama saMvat 1787 - 1790 ( IsvI san 1730-1733 IsvI) hai| 17 narendrasena kI 'pramANaprameyakalikA' nyAyaviSayaka racanA hai| isameM pramANatattvaparIkSA aura prameyatattvaparIkSA nibaddha kI gayI hai| yaha laghukAya grantha pramANa aura prameya-sambandhI viSayoM kI dRSTi se vizeSa upAdeya hai| AcArya dharmakIrti ye mUlasaMgha sarasvatIgaccha aura balAtkAragaNa ke AcArya the| inakI do racanAyeM upalabdha haiM. padmapurANa aura harivaMzapurANa / dharmakIrti kA samaya vikrama kI 17vIM - zatAbdI hai| bhaTTAraka- paramparA ke kSINa hone ke kAraNa 1. rAjasthAna meM jahA~ bhaTTArakoM kA atyadhika prabhAva thA, vahA~ unakA astitva hI samApta ho gyaa| bhaTTArakoM ke patana ke kAraNa nimnalikhita kahe jA sakate haiM 19vIM zatAbdI se hI bhaTTArakoM meM uccakoTi kI vidvattA samApta ho gii| Agama evaM siddhAMta-graMthoM kI vyAkhyA, paThana-pAThana karAne meM ve asaphala rhe| pravacana karane evaM zrAvakoM ko AkarSita karane meM bhI ve akSama siddha rhe| bhaTTArakoM ke patana kA eka kAraNa munidharma kA vApisa jAgRta honA bhI hai| nirgrantha-muniyoM ke vihAra se sarvatra bhaTTArakoM ke prati vaise hI samAja kI zraddhA kama ho gii| muniyoM ke sAmane unakI pratiSThA bhI kama hotI gii| samAja meM jAgRti AyI, paMcAyatoM meM mandiroM ke prabaMdha kA uttaradAyitva svayaM ne le liyaa| pada kI abhilASA, samAja para prabhAva jaise kArya bhI bhaTTAraka- paramparA kI samApti meM sahAyaka bane / 2. 3. 4. - eka bhaTTAraka kI samApti ho jAne ke pazcAt unakI gAdiyA~ bahuta varSo taka khAlI par3a rahIM aura kisI ne usa para yogya vyakti ko nahIM biThAyA; isaliye jaba khAlI gAdI se bhI samAja kA kArya calane lagA, to phira samAja bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 109

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bhaTTArakoM ke prati upekSita ho gyaa| 5. bhaTTAraka banane ke liye kisI vidvAn zrAvaka kA Age nahIM AnA bhI eka pramukha kAraNa rhaa| par3itoM kA sadbhAva evaM unake dvArA paMcakalyANaka pratiSThAyeM, vidhAna Adi svayaM karavAnA hai| bhaTTArakoM ke astitva ko bhulAne meM paMDita-varga kA bhI vizeSa hAtha rahA hai| dakSiNa-bhArata meM bhaTTAraka-gAdiyA~ uttara-bhArata se dakSiNa-bhArata kI sthiti ekadama bhinna hai| uttara bhArata meM bhaTTArakoM kA nAma lenA bhI nahIM rhaa| vahIM dakSiNa bhArata meM vartamAna meM ATha bhaTTAraka-pITha haiM, jahA~ bhaTTArakagaNa padAsIna haiM aura dhArmika kriyAoM ko karAte rahate haiN| ve samAja meM Ate-jAte haiM, sammAna prApta karate haiN| bar3e-bar3e maTha haiM, jahA~ kitane hI vyakti maTha kI sevA meM lage rahate haiN| gAr3I-ghor3e haiN| dakSiNa ke bhaTTAraka jaba uttara bhArata meM Ate haiM, taba samAja unakI sevA meM laga jAtA hai| dakSiNa-bhArata meM vartamAna meM mUDabidrI, zravaNabelagolA, humacA, kolhApura, nAMdanI jaise kucha bhaTTAraka-maTha haiM, jahA~ bhaTTArakoM kI sArI dhArmika, sAhityika evaM sAMskRtika vidhiyA~ calatI haiN| ina bhaTTAraka-pIThoM kA itihAsa nimnaprakAra hai - zravaNabelagola bhaTTAraka-pITha zravaNabelAgola 'zravaNa' arthAt 'zramaNa' aura 'belagola' (bela+gola) zabdoM kI saMdhi se banA haiM 'zravaNa' athavA 'zramaNa' kA artha hai 'jaina-sAdhu' athavA yaha gommaTezvara jaina mUrti belagola do kannaDa zabdoM 'bela' arthAt 'zveta' tathA 'gola' arthAt sarovara se banA hai| donoM pahAr3iyoM arthAt 'viMdhyagiri' tathA 'candragiri' ke madhya meM yaha sundara 'kalyANI sarovara' nirmita hai| isa mUrti evaM 'kalyANa sarovara' meM sambandha jor3akara isaprakAra isa sthAna kA nAma 'zravaNabelagola' prasiddha huA hai| vRddhA dvArA gullakeya phala ke khola se bhare dUdha dvArA gommaTezvara mUrti kA abhiSeka kiye jAne ke kAraNa bhI isakA nAma 'zravaNabelagola' par3A hai| uttara-bhArata ke jaina ise 'jainabidrI' bhI kahate haiN| karnATaka ke 'hAsana' jile meM sthita yaha choTA-sA sundara nagara karnATaka kI rAjadhAnI 'baMgalaura' se lagabhaga 50 kilomITara dUra tathA bandaragAha maMgalaura se lagabhaga 250 kilomITara dUra hai| sundara pakkI sar3aka dvArA basoM athavA kAroM se yahA~ sugamatA se pahu~cA jA sakatA hai| jaina-maTha yaha eka sundara mandira evaM zravaNabelagola ke maThAdhIza paMDitAcArya svasti zrI cArukIrti bhaTTAraka svAmI kA pUrva nivAsa-sthAna hai| maTha ke bIca meM khulA huA prAMgaNa 00110 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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tathA usase Age jinamandira hai| tIna garbha-gRhoM meM dhAtu, pASANa Adi kI aneka kalApUrNa mUtiyA~ haiM, jisameM se kucha mUrtiyA~ saMskRta va tuvvu bhASAoM ke lekha sahita, jo grantha-lipi meM haiM, bahuta prAcIna haiN| mandira meM jvAlAmAlinI, zAradA evaM kuSmAMDinI Adi zAsana-deviyoM kI mUrtiyA~ banI haiN| maTha kI dIvAroM para tIrthaMkaroM tathA jaina-narezoM kI jIvana-ghaTanAoM ke raMgIna citra aMkita kiye huye haiN| maTha ke pravezamaNDapa ke stambhoM para khudAI kA sundara kArya kiyA huA hai| Upara kI maMjila meM, jo bAda meM nirmita huI, tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha kI mUrti sthApita hai| pratiSThita mUrtiyoM meM se aneka tamilanADu ke jaina-bandhuoM dvArA bheMTa kI gaI haiN| ina mUrtiyoM para saMskRta evaM tamila bhASA meM jo lekha aMkita haiM, unakA kAla san 1850 se lekara 1858 taka par3A hai| maTha meM nava-devatA kI mUrti vizeSa ullekhanIya hai| isa mUrti meM paMca-parameSThI ke atirikta jinadharma, jinAgama, caitya evaM caityAlaya bhI pratIka rUpa meM bane haiN| isI kAraNa ise 'navadevatA mUrti' kahA jAtA hai| maTha candragupta-granthamAlA nAmaka zAstra-bhaNDAra, aneka prAcIna hastalikhita bhojapatrIya aura tADapatrIya granthoM ke saMgraha ke kAraNa yatheSTha prasiddha hai| maTha meM amUlya navaratnamaya mUrtiyoM kA darzana bhI karAyA jAtA hai| ___ gommaTezvara mUrti kI pratiSThA ke pazcAt cAmuNDarAya ne apane guru nemicanda siddhAMtacakrartI ko apanA AdhyAtmika parAmarzaka nirdhArita kiyA thaa| yahA~ ke cArukIrti paMDitAcArya maThAdhIza evaM rAjaguru mAne jAte the aura aneka rAjavaMza unakI alaukika pratibhA se upakRta huye the| yahA~ ke maThAdhIzoM kI vidvattA tathA AdhyAtmika-zakti pradarzana ke aneka ullekha milate haiN| 'siddhara basadi' ke dAyeM aura bAyeM stambhoM para utkIrNa vistRta lekhoM (krama saMkhyA 360 se 364) ke anusAra yahA~ para AsIna guru cArukIrti paMDita ko hoyasala-nareza ballAla prathama (rAjyakAla 1100-1106) ko vyAdhi-mukta kara dene ke kAraNa 'ballAla-jIvanarakSaka' kI upAdhi se vibhUSita kiyA gayA thaa| pUrvakAla se hI yahA~ ke bhaTTAraka japa, svAdhyAya, dhyAna, samAdhi evaM mauna anuSThAna meM rata rahate huye zrAvakoM ko dharmopadeza dekara AtmakalyANa ke liye prerita karate rahe haiN| jaisAki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA jA cukA hai ki digambara jainoM ne madhyakAla meM apane nirantara dhArmika evaM sAmAjika vighaTana ke viruddha bhaTTAraka-saMsthA Arambha kI thii| vyavahAra meM jaba digambara-jaina-zramaNa-paramparA kamajora par3ane lagI, to bhaTTAraka digambara-jaina-sampradAya ke dhArmika va sAmAjika netRtva ke rUpa meM ubhare the| bhaTTArakoM ne digambara-jaina-samAja kI do dhArmika zreNiyoM kramazaH saMgha, gaNa athavA gaccha meM vibhAjita kiyaa| bhaTTAraka moTe taura para digambara-jaina-samAja se jur3e the; kintu isake sAtha eka aura doSapUrNa vyavasthA Arambha huI, vaha thI digambara-jainavizeSa ke bhaTTArakoM kI prmpraa| aisA dikhAI detA hai ki digambara-jaina-jAtiyoM meM bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 111

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yaha Avazyaka nahIM hai ki unake apane bhaTTAraka hoN| arthAt pratyeka jaina-jAti ke bhaTTAraka honA anivArya nahIM thaa| 20vIM sadI meM mukhya taura para hummar3a mevAr3A, narasiMhapurA, khaNDelavAla, saitavAla, caturtha, paMcama, bogarA, upAdhyAya, vaizya evaM kSatriya jAtiyoM ke apane pRthak-pRthak bhaTTAraka hote the| jabaki kathAnerA, bUDhelA, agravAla, golApUrva, jAyasavAla, naivI evaM hummar3a (mahArASTra ke) ityAdi jAtiyoM meM jAti-AdhArita bhaTTAraka vyavasthA vidyamAna nahIM hai|18 isake atirikta paravAra, bannaura, ukAr3A evaM bagheravAlI meM bhaTTAraka-vyavasthA pracalita thI; kintu aba isakA lopa ho cukA hai| uparokta jAtiyoM meM jinameM bhaTTAraka-vyavasthA aba bhI pracalita hai, unake bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyA~ nimnAnusAra haiM jAti kA nAma jAti-vizeSa ke bhaTTArakoM kI gaddI sthAna 1. hummar3a mevAr3A sUrata, sojitarA, kalaula, narasiMhapura evaM DUMgarapura 2. narasiMhapurA sUrata, sojitarA evaM kesariyA 3. khaNDelavAla gvAliyara, sonAgira, nAgaura, ajamera evaM zrI mahAvIra jI 4. setavAla lAtUra evaM nAgapura 5. caturtha nAMdanI, kolhApura, hosura evaM TerAdAlA 6. paMcama kolhApura, rAyabAga, kosara evaM humcA 7. bogArA humcA, maisUra, zravaNabelagolA, narasiMharAjapurA 8. upAdhyAya mUDabidrI evaM kArakala 9. vaizya evaM sItAmUr3A, zravaNabelagolA, jinakAMcI 10. kSatriya nrsiNhraajpuraa| uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hotA hai ki bhaTTArakoM kI gaddiyA~ una sthAnoM para sthita haiM, jahA~ unase sambandhita jAti-vizeSa kA nivAsa adhika hai| bhaTTArakoM kA mukhyakArya dharma-rakSA thaa| ve yaha kArya anya dharmAnuyAyiyoM meM jainadharma ko adhika vyAvahArika va prabhAvI batAkara karate the| arthAt ve jainoM ke AdhyAtmika kalyANa se sambandhita rhe| inake sAmAjika kartavyoM meM jAti-vizeSa ke hitoM kI rakSA sammilita thaa| vaha unakI sAmAjika mAmaloM meM salAha dekara athavA unake ApasI-vivAdoM ko sulajhAkara athavA sAmAjika-sambandhoM ko niyamita kara jaina-granthoM meM nirdhArita vyavahAra va AcaraNa ke niyamoM ke anusAra saMsthAoM, rIti-rivAjoM va tarIkoM kA niyamana bhI karate rhe| bhaTTArakoM kI niyukti kA koI nirdhArita niyama nahIM hai| sAmAnyataH guru-ziSya-paramparA dvArA hI bhaTTArakoM kI niyukti hotI hai| tathA bhaTTAraka apane 00112 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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jIte-jI apane ziSyoM meM se kisI eka ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kara dete haiN| jaba pUrvavartI bhaTTAraka dvArA apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta kara diyA jAtA hai, to unake anuyAyI jAti-vizeSa ke loga use pada sauMpa dete haiN| yaha prathA hummar3a, mevAr3A, narasiMhapurA evaM khaNDelavAla jAtiyoM meM pracalita hai| bhaTTAraka kI niyukti kI eka anya vyavasthA bhI hai| isa paddhati ke dvArA uttarAdhikArI kA cayana pUrvavartI bhaTTAraka ke ziSyoM meM se anuyAyI jAti ke logoM ke dvArA uttarAdhikAra kA cayana kiyA jAtA hai| yaha kArya jAti-vizeSa ke pratinidhiyoM ke dvArA kiyA jAtA hai, jinheM 'paMca' kahate haiN| setavAla, caturtha, paMcama, upAdhyAya, bogarA, vaizya evaM kSatriya jAtiyoM meM yaha prathA Amataura para pracalita hai| 'karnATaka' meM bhaTTArakoM kI niyukti meM sarakAra kI sahamati Avazyaka hotI hai, vahA~ janatA ke sthAna para sarakAra ko bhaTTAraka-niyukti ke mAmale meM adhika adhikAra prApta haiN|20 eka bAra bhaTTAraka ke niyukta ho jAne ke pazcAt use usake pada se nahIM haTAyA jA sakatA, cAhe vaha apane kartavyoM ke pAlana meM asaphala ho jAye athavA apane pada kA durupayoga kre| bhaTTAraka ko padacyuta karane kA mAmalA kabhI sunA nahIM gyaa| vartamAna meM kevala hummar3a, mevAr3A jAti yaha dAvA karatI hai ki 've bhaTTAraka ko haTA bhI sakate haiM'; jabaki anya jAtiyA~ isa bAta kA spaSTa ullekha karatI haiM ki 've bhaTTAraka ko nahIM haTA skte'| isakA sIdhA Azaya yaha huA ki bhaTTAraka ko usake anuyAyI hamezA sahana karate haiN| bhaTTAraka ko eka muni kI taraha jIne kI AvazyakatA nahIM hotii| vaise vaha jIvanabhara anuSThAna karatA hai tathA dhArmika-siddhAMtoM ke anusAra jIvanayApana karatA hai; kintu use sampatti rakhane kA adhikAra hai| sAmAnyataH bhaTTAraka cala aura acala-sampatti rakhate haiM tathA ve usakA upayoga apanI icchAnusAra karate haiN| inakI sampatti meM apane anuyAyiyoM dvArA dI jAne vAlI bheMTa va rAjya dvArA diye jAne vAle anudAna sammilita hote haiN| bhaTTAraka apane logoM ke dhArmika va sAmAjika-kalyANa ke kArya meM saMlagna rahate haiM, to unheM apane sadasyoM ke Upara aneka niyaMtraNa lagAne ke adhikAra bhI diye gaye haiN| kintu Ajakala bhaTTArakoM kI sthiti meM kAphI antara A rahA hai| setavAla, caturtha, paMcama, bogarA, vaizya evaM kSatriya bhaTTAraka abhI bhI apane anuyAyiyoM para nizcita niyaMtraNa rakhate haiN| jabaki narasiMhapurA jAti ke bhaTTArakoM kA koI niyaMtraNa nahIM hai, tathA hummar3a mevAr3A, khaNDelavAla evaM upAdhyAya bhaTTAraka apanA niyaMtraNa svayaM samApta kara rahe haiN| isaprakAra adhikatara vartamAna bhaTTAraka apanI niyaMtraka-zaktiyoM kA upayoga nahIM kara rahe haiM, tathA ve apane anuyAyiyoM se anudAna lete haiM aura unake dainika jIvana meM koI hastakSepa nahIM karate haiN| aba bhaTTArakoM kI sattA atyadhika kSINa ho cukI hai, kintu abhI bhI ve dhArmika va sAmAjika utsavoM kA saMcAlana avazya karate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00113

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12. 13. sandarbha-vivaraNikA DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jayapura, 1990, pRSTha 5. vilAsa e saMgave, pRSTha 269. vI. joharApurakara, bhaTTAraka sampradAya, solApura, 1958, pRSTha 7-17. vilAsa e. sAMgave, pRSTha 270. nAthUrAma premI, bhaTTAraka, jaina hitaiSI, jindI 7, naM. 7-8, pRSTha 59-69, naM. 9, pRSTha 13-24, naM. 10-11, pRSTha 1-9 evaM jindI 8 naM. 2, pRSTha 57-70. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pRSTha 7. vahI. vahI. vahI. vI. joharApurakara, bhaTTAraka sampradAya, pRSTha 112-113. zrImatprabhAcandramunIndrapaTTe zazcatapratiSThaH prtibhaagrisstthH| vizuddhasiddhAntarahasyaratna-ratnAkarI nandatu pdmnndii||28|| gurvAvalI, jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 1, kiraNa 4, pRSTha 53. coUda tritAli pramANi pUrai dina putra janamIu. nyAti mAhi guhutavaMta hUMvaDa haraSi vkhnniie| karamasiMha vitapanna udayavaMta isa jaanniiie| zobhita tarasa arAgi, mUli sarIsya suNdriiy| sIla svayagArita aMgi pekhu pratyakSe purNdriiy| -sakalakIrtirAsa, jaina sandeza, zodhAMka 16 meM uddhRta. bhaTTAraka sampradAya, solApura, lekhAMka 265. "ityanavadyagadyapadyavidyAvinoditapramodapIyUSara sapAnapavinamatisabhAjaratnarAjamahatisAgarayatirAjajitArthanasamarthana tarkavyAkaraNachando'laMkArasAhityAdizAtranizitamatinA zrImaddevendra kIrtibhaTTArakapraziSyeNa ziSyeNa sakalavidvajjanavihitacaraNasevasya zrI vidyAnandidevasya saMchaditamithyAmatadurgareNa zrutasAgareNa sUriNA viracitAyAM zlokavArtika-rAjavArtika-sarvArthasiddhi-nyAyakumucandodaya-prameyakamalamArtaNDapracaNDASTasahasrIpramukhagranthasandarbhavilokanabuddhivirAjitAyAM" - zrutasAgarItattvArthavRtti, bhAratIya jJAnapITha saMskaraNa, pRSTha 326 para uddhRt| tathA - "tarka-vyAkaraNAhata-pravilasatsidvAMtasArAmalachaMdolaMkRtipUrvanavyakRtadhIrsazravyakAvyoccaye" --jainagrantha prazasti saMgraha, prathama bhAga, yazodhara caritaprezasti, pRSTha 31 / jaina siddhAnta bhAskara, bhAga 13, kiraNa 2, pRSTha 114. pramANa-prameyakalikA, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI, prastAvanA, pRSTha 59. vilAsa e sAMgave, pu. 318. vahI. vahI, pRSTha 319. 14. 17. 20. 00114 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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khaNDa-caturtha samasAmayika sandarbho meM mahAvIra-paramparA caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra ke anuyAyiyoM kI paramparA Ajataka anavarata-rUpa se calI A rahI hai| isakI nirantaratA meM anekoM mahApuruSoM, dharmAcAryoM, manISiyoM evaM samAjaseviyoM kA ananya yogadAna rahA hai| isake bahuAyAmI-svarUpa ke nirmANa meM jainoM kI avAntara-jAtiyoM ne bhI mahanIya bhUmikA nibhAyI hai| sAtha hI viparIta se viparItakAla meM bhI jainoM ne kisI na kisI kI chatrachAyA meM jainatva kI rakSA aura mahAvIra kI paramparA kA saMrakSaNa jisaprakAra se kiyA hai, vaha apane Apa meM eka anukaraNIya Adarza hai| vigata paccIsa sau varSoM kA lekhAjokhA san 1974 IsvI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke paccIsa sauveM nirvANa-mahotsava kA vizvavyApI Ayojana kara jainoM ne bhalI-bhA~ti jJApita kiyA thaa| bIsavIM aura ikkIsavIM zatAbdI meM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jaina-paramparA kina-kina rUpoM meM calI hai aura isane kyA naye kSitija AviSkRta kiye haiM - ina saba bAtoM ke liye hameM vyApakarUpa se vicAra karanA hogaa| cU~ki mUlataH bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA nirgranthatva kI thI aura sampUrNa bhAratIya-vAGmaya ke Aloka meM vidvAnoM ne yaha siddha kiyA hai ki isa 'nirgrantha' zabda kA mUla-artha pUrNataH aparigrahI-digambara-zramaNa hI hote haiN| isI kAraNa se yahA~ para digambaratva ko hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUla-paramparA mAnate huye usI kA samasAmayika-saMdarbho meM vizeSa-vivaraNa diyA jA rahA hai| digambara jainoM kA sAmAjika va sAMskRtika jIvana jainadharma kI bhAMti jaina-samAja bhI aneka utAra-car3hAvoM se gujarA hai; aneka bAra jainetaroM ko yaha bhrama utpanna ho jAtA hai ki jaina koI jAtimAtra hai| jabaki vAstavikatA yaha hai ki jaina mUlataH eka dharma hai| prArambha meM vistArapUrvaka batAyA gayA hai ki jainadharma ke prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ne jainadharma ke anuyAyiyoM ko tIna vargoM meM vibhAjita kiyA thA evaM tatpazcAt cakravartI bharata ne cAra varNoM kI avadhAraNA ko svIkRti pradAna kara dI thii| vaidika varNa-vyavasthA ne hI kAlAntara meM jAti-prathA kA rUpa dhAraNa kara liyA thaa| cU~ki jainadharma ne prArambha se hI varNa-vyavasthA ko svIkAra kiyA thA, to svAbhAvika hai ki jainadharma ke anuyAyI aneka jAtiyoM meM ba~Te huye haiN| jaina-dharmAnuyAyiyoM ke AcAra-vicAra meM zuddhatA banAye rakhane ke dhyeya se samAja kA cAra vargoM meM vargIkaraNa kiyA gayA thaa| jainadharma ke atirikta sikkha, muslima evaM IsAiyoM taka meM jAti-prathA pAI jAtI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha on 15

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jainadharma meM bhI jAti-prathA kA pracalana kaI rUpoM meM hai| jaina-jAtiyoM meM ApasI khAnapAna va vaivAhika sambandhoM kA nirdhAraNa jaina samAja meM maujUda jAtIya AdhAroM para hotA hai / jAtIya AdhAroM para digambara jainoM meM bhArI bikharAva hai. kintu dhArmika-sUtra ne unheM ekatAbaddha rakhA hai| jAti aura sampradAya kevala sAmAjika mudde hI nahIM haiM, balki ye sAMskRtika va dArzanika mudde bhI haiN| jaisA ki kahA jA cukA hai ki jaina- sampradAya do pramukha samudAyoM, kramazaH 'digambara' va 'zvetAmbara' meM vibhAjita hai| kintu digambara jaina samAja punaH do pramukha sampradAyoM kramazaH 'bIsapaMthI' va 'terApaMthI' meM ba~TA huA hai| jaina-sampradAya ke anuyAyiyoM meM saMghabheda bhI vyApta hai| saMghabheda se adhika vyApaka jAti -pra -prathA jaina-sa -samudAya meM adhika mahattva rakhatI hai; kintu jAti-prathA ke bAre meM yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki sAdhu-sanyAsiyoM ke saMgha, gaNa evaM gacchoM meM vibhAjana se samasta jaina samAja bhI jAtiyoM evaM upajAtiyoM meM vibhAjita ho gyaa| - digambara jaina - jAtiyA~ digambara jaina samAja meM jAti prathA kI utpatti ke do pramukha kAraNa ubharakara sAmane Ate haiN| prathama evaM pramukha kAraNa vaidika paramparA meM pracalita varNa evaM jAti-prathA ko hI mAnA jaayegaa| dUsarA mahattvapUrNa kAraNa jaina samAja kA aneka saMghoM, upasaMghoM, sampradAyoM, upasampradAyoM ityAdi meM vibhAjita honA hai| digambara jaina - jAtiyoM ke nAmoM se yaha bhI AbhAsa hotA hai ki inakI aneka jAtiyA~ vyavasAya, pradeza, sthAna ityAdi ke nAma para bhI utpanna huI haiN| yadyapi bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samaya jAti-prathA ne adhika jora nahIM pakar3A thA; lekina unake nirvANa ke kucha varSoM pazcAt hI saikar3oM jaina-jAtiyoM kI utpatti dikhAI detI hai| isaliye samyagdarzana ke paripAlana meM 'jAtimada' ko bhI avarodhaka mAnA gayA hai| 'AdipurANa' ke racayitA AcArya jinasena ne " manuSyajAti ekaiva" kahakara jAtiyoM ke mahattva ko kama karanA cAhA aura samasta mAnava jAti ko eka hI samAna mAnA hai / mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt hone vAle gaNadharoM, kevaliyoM, AcAryoM evaM bhaTTArakoM kI aneka paTTAvaliyA~ milatI haiM, jinameM AcAryoM evaM bhaTTArakoM ke nAma ke sAtha unakI jAtiyoM kA ullekha milatA hai| isase yaha spaSTa hotA hai ki jaina - sampradAya meM jAti prathA kA pracalana mahAvIra svAmI ke nirvANa ke pazcAt hI Arambha ho gayA thaa| jaisAki pUrva meM ullekha kiyA gayA hai ki jaina-jAtiyoM ke udgama ke tIna pramukha kAraNa rahe haiN| 1. vaidika - prabhAva, 2. vibhinna jaina-samUhoM va sampradAyoM kA udaya, 3. sthAna- vizeSa va vyavasAya-AdhArita jAti Adi pramukha - OO 116 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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rahe haiN| jaina-samudAya meM jAti-prathA aba pUrNataH janma-AdhArita hai; kintu isakA udaya vibhinna kAraNoM se huaa| jaina-jAtiyA~ nAma-bhara kI hI jAtiyA~ nahIM hai, balki inakA Aja bhI bhArI sAmAjika va sAMskRtika mahattva hai| aneka sAmAjika masale inakI jAtIya-paMcAyatoM dvArA nirdhArita hote haiN| kisI bhI sAmAjika aparAdhI ko daNDita karane kA kArya jainoM kI jAtIya-paMcAyateM karatI haiN| digambara jaina-samudAya bhArI saMkhyA meM jAtiyoM meM ba~TA huA hai tathA isakI pratyeka jAti kI apanI alaga paMcAyata hai, jo apanI jAti ke logoM ke jIvana ko niyamita karatI hai| vibhinna jAtiyoM ke naitika staroM meM bhI bhArI bhinnatA vyApta hai| udAharaNa ke liye uttara-bhArata kI adhikAMza jaina-jAtiyA~ vidhavA-vivAha kI AjJA nahIM detIM, jabaki dakSiNa kI jAtiyoM meM vidhavA-vivAha Amataura para pracalita hai| itanA hI nahIM, balki pratyeka jAti meM janma, vivAha evaM mRtyu-sambandhI AyojanoM meM bhI jAtIya-AdhArita bhinnatA hai| zrImAlI, agravAla, paravAra, setavAla evaM anya jAtiyA~ rIti-rivAjoM meM bhArI bhinnatA liye huye haiN| inameM apanI-apanI jAti ko sarvocca mAnane kA mithyA abhimAna bhI dikhAI detA hai| aneka jaina-jAtiyA~ jAti taka hI sImita nahIM haiM, balki usa jAti ke andara bhI bIsA, dassA Adi bheda bhI vyApta haiN| digambara jainoM ke 'terApaMtha-samudAya' kI 6 jAtiyoM meM 'cAraNagAre jAti' ko atyadhika sammAnajanaka mAnA jAtA hai; kyoMki isa jAti meM aneka dhArmika vibhUtiyA~ va vidvAn hastiyA~ paidA huI haiN| isIprakAra haidarAbAda sTeTa ke pUrva nijAma ke rAjya-kSetra meM 'poravAr3oM' kI tulanA meM 'sarAvagiyoM' kA adhika sammAna hotA thA tathA unheM sabase U~cA mAnA jAtA thaa| karnATaka ke 'uttarI kanArA' jile meM jainoM ke tIna vibhAjana haiM, jinameM kramazaH caturtha, tagArA-bogarA evaM pujArI zAmila haiN| yaha bAta vizeSa rUpa se ullekhanIya hai ki adhikAMza jaina apane Apako vaizya-samudAya (vaNik yA vyApArI) kA mAnate haiN| zUdroM ko vaidika-paramparA meM atyadhika nimna-sthAna prApta thA; jinheM dhArmika grantha par3hane kA adhikAra nahIM thaa| mandira-praveza para bhI roka thI, isaliye hara varga ke loga jainadharma kI ora AkarSita huye| jaina-sampradAya meM brAhmaNoM kA bhI mahattva nahIM hai| jainoM meM brAhmaNoM ke sthAna para kSatriyoM ko pramukha sthAna prApta hai| aisA dekhane ko milatA hai ki jainoM kI aneka jAtiyoM ke nAma unake udgama-sthAna ke nAma para hai| udAharaNArtha zrImAla (vartamAna bhInamAla) se zrImAlI, osiyA~ se osavAla, agrohA se agravAla, bagherA se bagheravAla, cittaur3a se cittaur3A, khaNDelA se khaNDelavAla ityaadi| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00117

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digambara jaina-samAja bhI vibhinna jAtiyoM meM vibhAjita hai| mAtra jaina koI nahIM hai| inakI pahacAna kisI na kisI jAti meM samAhita huye binA nahIM hai| digambara jaina-jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA nizcita nahIM hai| vaise adhikAMza jaina-vidvAn 84 jAtiyoM ke nAma ginAte haiN| 84 kI saMkhyA uttarI bhArata meM bahuta pracalita hai; isaliye 84 jAtiyoM kA ullekha AtA hai| vibhinna zatAbdiyoM meM hone vAle vidvAnoM ne bhI jo jAtiyoM kA vivaraNa likhA hai, usameM samAnatA nahIM hai| 15 vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn brahma jinadAsa ne sarvaprathama 84 jAtiyoM ke nAma ginAye haiM, lekina usake pazcAt hone vAle kaviyoM dvArA pratipAdita jAtiyoM kA vivaraNa brahma jinadAsa se nahIM milatA hai| AThavIM zatAbdI ke kavi bakhtarAma sAha ne likhA hai ki "unhoMne 5-7 pothiyoM ko dekhakara ina jAtiyoM ke bAre meM likhA hai|" unake yuga meM kitanI jAtiyA~ milatI thIM - isa bAre meM vaha mauna haiN| san 1941 meM jAtiyoM kI janagaNanA kI gaI thI, taba 84 ke sthAna para kevala 70 jAtiyoM kI jAnakArI dI gii| usa samaya deza meM 70 jaina-jAtiyoM kI janasaMkhyA nimnaprakAra thIkra.saM. jAti-nAma janasaMkhyA | kra.saM. jAti-nAma janasaMkhyA 1. khaNDelavAla 64729 2. jaisavAla 11089 agravAla 67121 4. paravAra 54873 5. pallIvAla 4272 golAlAre 5582 7. vinaikyA 3685 8. osavAla (di.) 747 9. baraiyA 1584 gaMgeravAla 772 11. digambara jaina 1167 polavA 13. buDhele 566 14. lohiyA 602 golasighAre 529 kharauvA 1750 17. lamecU 1977 18. golApUrva 10834 caranAgare 1987 dhAkar3a 1272 21. kaThanerA 699 22. poravAr3a 2581 kAsAra 9987 bagheravAla 4324 __ ayodhyAvAsI 592 26. kAmbhoja 705 27. samaiyA 1107 28. asATI 467 29. hUMbaDa (dassAbIsA) 20634 30. paMcama 32556 31. caturtha 69285 32. badanere 501 6. 10. 12. 115 15. 10118 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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kra.saM. jAti-nAma 33. nemA 263 35. narasiMhapurA ( dassAbIsA) 7065 37. mevADA 2160 39. cittaur3A ( dassAbIsA) 41. selavAra 43. 45. sAdara (jaina) jaina digambara kra.saM. jAti-nAma 34. bhavasAgara 36. setavAla 38. 857 40. 433 42. 44. 46. 48. 47. upAdhyAya 49. khurasAle janasaMkhyA nAgadA zrImAla zrAvaka bogAra 11241 9772 1218 240 20 anya jAtiyoM kI janasaMkhyA 100 se kama hai aura saba milAkara 726 haiN| haradara brAhmaNa jaina inameM se kucha pramukha jaina jAtiyoM kA paricaya nimnaprakAra hai bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha janasaMkhyA - 80 20869 3551 780 8467 2431 236 704 1. khaNDelavAla khaNDelavAla jaina-ra - samAja rAjasthAna, mAlavA, AsAma, bihAra, baMgAla, nAgAlaiNDa, maNipura, uttarapradeza ke kucha jiloM meM evaM mahArASTra meM bahusaMkhyaka samAja rahA hai aura Aja bhI mumbaI, kolakAtA, jayapura, indaura, ajamera jaise nagara aise kendra mAne jAte haiM, jahA~ khaNDelavAla jaina samAja bahusaMkhyaka samAja hai| isa samAja meM aneka AcArya, muni, bhaTTAraka, kSullaka, brahmacArI huye, jinhoMne deza evaM samAja ko prabhAvazAlI mArgadarzana diyaa| saikar3oM-hajAroM mandiroM ke nirmANakarttA, pratiSThA - kAraka, mUrti - pratiSThA karAnevAloM ko utpanna karane kA zreya isI samAja ko hai| isa samAja meM pacAsoM dIvAna athavA pramukha rAjya saMcAlaka ucca padastha - rAjyAdhikArI huye, jinhoMne saikar3oM varSoM taka jayapura-rAjya kI abhUtapUrva sevA kI evaM yuddhabhUmi meM vijaya prApta kii| rAjasthAna ke saikar3oM mandira isI samAja ke dvArA nirmita haiN| akele jayapura nagara meM 200 se adhika mandiroM kA nirmANa isa samAja kI dhArmika niSThA kA pratIka hai| sAMgAnera, mojamAbAda, ToDArAyasiMha, lADanUM, sujAnagar3ha, sIkara meM isa samAja ke logoM dvArA nirmita mandiroM ke unnata zikharoM kI zobhA dekhate hI banatI hai| - isa samAja kI dhArmika AsthA tathA vrata-upavAsa, pUjA evaM bhakti Adi kAryoM meM ruci se sArA digambara jaina samAja anuprANita hai| usake pratyeka rIti-rivAjoM meM zramaNa saMskRti kI jhalaka dikhAI detI hai, tathA usakA pratyeka sadasya jainadharma ke pratinidhi ke rUpa meM apane Apako prastuta karatA hai| sAre deza meM phaile huye khaNDelavAla jaina saMkhyA kI dRSTi se bhI ullekhanIya hai, jo dasa lAkha ke karIba hai, arthAt pUre digambara jaina - sa - samAja kA lagabhaga pAMcavA~ hissA hai| 00119

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'khaNDelavAla' jAti kA nAmakaraNa 'khaNDelA' nagara ke kAraNa huaa| 'khaNDelA' nagara rAjasthAna ke 'sIkara' jile meM sthita hai, jo sIkara se 45 ki.mI. dUra hai| khaNDelA ke itihAsa kI abhI pUrI khoja nahIM ho sakI hai, lekina zrIharSa kI pahAr3I para jo jaina-avazeSa milate haiM, usase patA calatA hai ki zaiva-pAzupatoM kA kendra banane ke pahale yaha 'khaNDelA' nagara jainoM kA pramukhakendra thaa| isakA purAnA nAma 'khaMDillakapattana' athavA 'khaNDelagiri' thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 10veM gaNadhara 'medArya' ne 'khaNDillakapattana' meM Akara kaThora tapasyA kI thI - aisA ullekha AcArya jayasena ne apane grantha 'dharmaratnAkara' kI prazasti meM kiyA hai| AcArya jayasena 11vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn santa amRtacandra evaM somadeva ke bAda ke AcArya the| zrI vardhamAnanAthasya medAryo dshmo'jni| gaNabhRddazadhA dharmo yo mUrto vA vyvsthitH|| medAryeNa maharSibhirviharatA tepe tapo dushcrN| zrI khaDillakapattanAnte krnnaabhyddhiprbhaavaattdaa|| khaNDelA kA itihAsa 'khaNDelA' kA rAjanaitika itihAsa adhikAMzarUpa meM to andhakArapUrNa hai| prArambha meM yahA~ cauhAna-rAjAoM kA rAjya rhaa| 'hammIra' mahAkAvya meM bhI 'khaNDelA' kA nAmollekha huA hai| mahArANA kumbhA ne bhI 'khaNDelA' para apanI vizAla senA ko lekara AkramaNa kiyA thA tathA nagara kI khUba lUTa-khasoTa kI thii| san 1467 meM yahA~ udayakaraNa kA zAsana thA, aisA 'vardhamAna-carita' kI prazasti meM ullekha milatA hai| rAyasala 'khaNDelA' ke prasiddha zAsaka rahe tathA jo apane mantrI devIdAsa ke parAmarza se mugala-senA meM bhartI huye aura apanI vIratA evaM svAmibhakti ke sahAre mugala bAdazAha akabara ke kRpA-pAtra bana gaye aura 'khaNDelA' evaM anya nagaroM kI jAgIrI prApta kii| ve barAbara Age bar3hate rhe| rAyasala jI ke samaya meM hI 'khaNDelA' cauhAnoM ke hAthoM meM se nikalakara zekhAvatoM ke hAthoM meM aayaa| bhAdavA sudI 13 ravivAra, vikrama saMvat 101 ke zubhadina khaNDelA meM vizeSa darabAra lagAyA gyaa| sabhI sAmantoM evaM darabAriyoM ko Amantrita kiyA gyaa| AcAryazrI jinasena apane saMgha ke kucha sAdhuoM ke sAtha darabAra-hAla meM gye| sArA darabAra-hAla 'bhagavAn mahAvIra kI jaya, AcArya jinasena kI jaya' ke nAroM se gUMjane lgaa| mahArAjA khaNDelagiri ko unake parivAra ke sAtha jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA gayA tathA ahiMsAdharma kA kaTTaratA se pAlana karane kA niyama dilAyA gyaa| mahArAjA khaNDelagiri ke sAtha 13 anya cauhAna parivAravAle sAmantagaNoM ko bhI jainadharma meM dIkSita kiyA gyaa| (1) mahArAjA khaNDelagiri, (2) rAjA zrI bhAvasyaMdha jI, 00120 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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(3) rAjA zrI pUraNacanda jI, (4) rAjA zrI yomasiMha jI, (5) rAjA zrI ajabasiMha jI, (6) rAjA zrI abhairAma jI, (7) rAjA zrI narottama jI, (8) rAjA zrI jhAMjhArAma jI, (9) rAjA zrI jasorAmajI, (10) rAjA damatAri jI, (11) rAjA zrI bhUdharamala jI, (12) rAjA zrI rAmasiMha jI, (13) rAjA zrI durajana siMha jI, (14) rAjA zrI sAhimala jii| ye saba mahArAja khaNDelagiri ke parivAra ke hone ke kAraNa inheM bhI 'rAjA' kI upAdhi prApta thii| ina sabako jainadharma meM ekasAtha dIkSita kiyA gyaa| 2. agravAla uttara bhArata meM 'agravAla' jaina-jAti atyadhika prasiddha, samRddha evaM vizAla saMkhyAvAlI jAti mAnI jAtI hai| hariyANA, rAjasthAna, uttarapradeza, madhyapradeza, dehalI jaise pradeza agravAla-digambara-jainoM ke pramukha kendra hai|| jainadharma, sAhitya evaM saMskRti ke vikAsa meM agravAla-jainoM kA pramukha yogadAna rahA hai| agravAla-jAti jaina evaM - vaiSNava donoM meM baMTI huI hai, tathA una donoM meM sAmAjika sambandha bhI pragAr3ha bane huye haiN| lekina agravAla jaina-samAja dharma aura saMskRti ke paripAlana meM anya kisI jaina-jAti se pIche nahIM haiN| mandira nirmANa karavAne, sAhitya ko saMrakSaNa dene, sAdhu-jIvana apanAne athavA unakI sevA-suzrUSA meM, tIrthoM kI rakSA jaise kAryoM meM ve sadaiva Age rahe haiN| agravAla-jAti kI utpatti 'agrohA' se mAnI jAtI hai| 14vIM zatAbdI meM hone vAle 'sadhArU kavi' ne ukta mantavya kA hI samarthana kiyA hai| agrohA 'hariyANA' pradeza ke 'hisAra' prAnta meM sthita hai| prAcInakAla meM yaha eka aitihAsika nagara thaa| san 1939-40 meM jaba yahA~ ke eka TIle kI khudAI huI, to usameM tAMbe ke sikkoM para aMkita karNa, gaja, vRSabha, mIna, siMha, caityavRkSa Adi ke jo cihna prApta huye haiM, unako jaina-mAnyatA kI ora spaSTa saMketa mAnA jAtA hai| sikkoM ke pIche brAhmI-lipi akSaroM meM 'agodake agada-janapadasa' aMkita hai, jisakA artha 'agrodaka' meM 'agrada' janapada kA sikkA hotA hai| agrohe kA nAma 'agrodaka' bhI rahA hai| 'epigrAphikA iMDiyA, jilda 2, pRSTha 244' aura 'iMDiyana enTIkverI, bhAga 15, pRSTa 343' para agrohaka-vaizyoM kA varNana kiyA huA hai| janazruti ke anusAra 'agrohA' meM 'agrasena rAjA' rAjya karatA thaa| isI se 'agravAla' jAti kA udbhava huA, lekina isake abhI taka koI poSaka pramANa nahIM mila sake haiN| kavivara bulAkhIcanda ne agravAla-jAti kI utpatti RSi dvArA mAnI hai , tathA lohAcArya dvArA agravAloM ko jainadharma meM dIkSita karanA mAnA hai| agravAloM ke 18 gotra rahe haiM, jinake nAma isaprakAra haiM - garga, goyala, siMghala, muMgila, tAyala, tarala, kaMsala, bachila, ena, DhAlaNa, cintala, mittala, jiMdala, kiMghala, haraharA, kachila, pukhanyA evaM bNsl| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 10121

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bhaTTAraka-paTTAvalI ke anusAra vi.saM. 565 meM muni ratnakIrti huye, jo agravAla-jAti ke the| dehalI ke tomaravaMzIya zAsaka anaMgapAla ke zAsanakAla meM racita 'pAsaNAhacariu' ke anusAra kavi zrIdhara svayaM agravAla-jaina the tathA apane liye 'ayaravAla-kulasaMbhavena' likhA hai| 'pAsaNAhacariu' ko likhAnevAle naTTalasAhu bhI jaina-agravAla the| alIgar3ha ke nivAsI sAhU pArasa ke putra ToDara agravAla ne mathurA meM 514 stUpoM kA nirmANa karavAkara pratiSThA karavAI thii| sAhU pAMDe rAjamalla ne vikrama saMvat 1642 meM 'jambUsvAmI caritra' nirmANa kiyA thaa| apabhraMza ke mahAn kavi raidhU ke AzrayadAtA evaM graMtha-racanAnimitta adhikAMza agravAlazrAvaka the| 'AdityavAra-kathA' ke racayitA bhAu kavi bhI agravAla jaina the| rAjasthAna ke jaina-graMtha-bhaNDaroM meM agravAla-zrAvakoM dvArA likhavAI huI hajAroM pANDulipiyA~ saMgrahita haiN| mandiroM evaM mUrtiyoM ke nirmANa meM bhI agravAla jaina-samAja kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna hai| gvAliyara kile kI aneka sundara mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa agravAla-jainoM ne karAyA thaa| dillI ke rAjA harasukharAya suganacanda ne dillI meM aneka jina-mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thaa| isaprakAra agravAla jaina-samAja digambara jaina-samAja kA pramukha aMga hai, jo vartamAna meM deza ke pratyeka bhAga meM basA huA hai| deza meM agravAla-jaina-samAja kI 10 lAkha se adhika saMkhyA mAnI jAtI hai|' 3. paravAra digambara-jaina-paravAra-samAja kA pramukha kendra bundelakhaNDa kSetra ke sAgara, jabalapura, lalitapura Adi jile mAne jAte haiN| isa samAja ke zrAvaka evaM zrAvikAyeM dharmaniSTha, AcAra-vyavahAra meM dRr3ha dekhI jAtI haiM, tathA ye prAcIna paramparAoM ke anuyAyI haiN| paravAra-jAti kA ullekha 'paurapaTTAnvaya' ke rUpa meM mUrtilekhoM evaM prazastiyoM meM milatA hai| lekina isa jAti ke utpatti-sthAna ke sambandha meM abhI taka koI nizcita grAma, nagara kA nAma nahIM milaa| paTTAvaliyoM meM paravAra-jAti kA ullekha vikrama saMvat 26 se milatA hai; aura muni guptigupta isa jAti meM utpanna huye the, aisA bhI ullekha ukta paTTAvalI meM milatA hai| isake pazcAt saM. 765 meM hone vAle paTTAdhIza evaM saM. 1256, 1264 meM hone vAle AcArya bhI paravAra-jAti meM utpanna huye - aisA ullekha milatA hai| paM. phUlacanda zAstrI ke matAnusAra paravAra-jAti ko prAcInakAla meM 'pragvATa' nAma se abhihita kiyA jAtA rahA hai| lekina brahma jinadAsa ne caurAsI jAti jayamAla meM 'poravAr3a' zabda se 'paravAra' jAti kA ullekha kiyA hai| apabhraMza-graMthoM meM 'paravAra' ko 'paravAr3A' zabda se abhihita kiyA gayA hai| mahAkavi dhanapAla kA 'bAhubali 00122 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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cariu', raidhU kavi kA 'zrIpAla-siddhacakra-cariu', AcArya zrutakIrti kA 'harivaMzapurANa' evaM paM. zrIdhara kA 'sukumAlacariu' kI graMtha-prazastiyoM meM 'puravADa' zabda kA hI prayoga kiyA gayA hai| lekina zrAvakoM kI 72 jAtiyoM vAlI eka pANDulipi meM iSTasakhA poravADa, dusakhA poravADa, cosakhA poravADa, jAgaDA poravADa, padmAvatI paravAra, soraThiyA poravADa nAmoM ke sAtha 'paravAra' nAma ko bhI ginAyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki paravAra-jAti, bheda evaM prabhedoM meM itanI ba~Ta gaI thI, ki inameM paraspara meM roTI-vyavahAra evaM beTI-vyahAra bhI banda ho gayA thaa| causakhA-samAja vartamAna meM 'tAraNapaMthI samAja' ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| kavivara bakhtarAma sAha ne apane 'buddhi-vilAsa' meM paravAra-jAti ke sAta khApoM kA ullekha kiyA hai| ___'paurapaTTa anvaya' meM jo 12 gotra suprasiddha haiM, unake nAma nimnaprakAra haiM - goilla, vAchalla, iyADimma, bAjhalla, kAsilla, koilla, loiccha, kochalla, bhArilla, mADilla, gohilla aura phaagull| pratyeka gotra ke antargata 12-12 mUla ginAye gaye haiM, jo sambhavataH grAmoM ke nAma para bane huye haiN| paravAra-jAti meM aneka vidvAn evaM bhaTTAraka huye haiN| saMvat 1371 meM kavi delha ne 'caubIsI gIta' likhA thaa| kavi kA janma paravAra-jAti meM huA thaa| 13vIM zatAbdI meM porapaTTAnvayI mahicanda sAdhu kI preraNA se mahAn paM. AzAdhara ne 'sAgara dharmAmRta' graMtha evaM usakI TIkA likhI thii| isa jAti ke bAre meM vistRta-lekhana kI AvazyakatA hai| deza meM paravAra-jAti mukhyataH bundelakhaNDa kSetra meM milatI hai| jabalapura, sAgara, lalitapura, kaTanI, sivanI Adi nagaroM meM bahusaMkhyA meM milate haiN| sAre deza meM paravAra-jAti kI saMkhyA 5-6 lAkha se adhika hogii| 3. bagheravAla ___'bagheravAla-jAti' rAjasthAna kI eka pramukha digambara-jaina-jAti hai| pradeza ke koTA, bUMdI evaM ToMka jile bagheravAla-samAja ke pramukha kendra haiN| rAjasthAna ke atirikta mahArASTra meM bhI bagheravAla-jAti acchI saMkhyA meM milatI hai| bagheravAla-jAti kI utpatti vikrama saMvat 101 meM ToMka jile ke 'bagherA' gA~va se mAnI jAtI hai| kRSNadatta ke vikrama saMvat 1746 meM racita 'bagheravAlarAsa' meM ukta mata kI puSTi kI gaI hai "Adi baghere apanoM nizcala utpatti naam| baDakula jasa tiNa varNAye, bagheravAla vriyaam||" 'bagherA' rAjasthAna meM 'kekar3I' se lagabhaga 16 ki.mI. dUrI para sthita hai| vartamAna meM vahA~ bagheravAloM kA eka bhI parivAra nahIM rahatA, lekina bagheravAla bandhu bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00123

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apanI paitRka-bhUmi ke darzana karane jaba kabhI avazya Ate rahate haiN| yahA~ do digambara jaina-mandira haiM, jinameM zAMtinAtha svAmI ke mandira meM 11vIM se 13vIM zatAbdI kI aneka jina-pratimAyeM haiM, jinameM zAMtinAtha bhagavAn kI mUrti atyadhika manohara, prAcIna evaM kalApUrNa hai| yahA~ khudAI meM aneka mUrtiyA~ prApta hotI rahatI haiM, jisase patA calatA hai ki 'bagherA' kabhI vaibhavazAlI vizAla nagara thA; taba digambarajaina-samAja yahA~ acchI saMkhyA meM rahatA thaa| zAMtinAtha svAmI kA mandira atizayakSetra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta hai, jisake darzanArtha jaina, ajaina sabhI Ate haiN| zAMtinAtha svAmI kI pratimA lagabhaga 9 phITa U~cI hai, jo bhUgarbha se prApta huI thii| isake lekha se patA calatA hai ki saMvat 1254 meM isakI pratiSThA sampanna huI thii| isa mandira ke nirmANa kA 'bijauliyA' ke zilAlekha meM ullekha AtA hai ki 'prAgvATa vaMza' ke 'vaizravaNa zreSThi' ne 'vyAdhareka' Adi sthAnoM meM mandiroM kA nirmANa karavAyA thaa| yaha zilAlekha vikrama saMvat 1226 kA hai| zilAlekha ke anusAra vaizravaNa zreSThi koNArka se 8 pIr3hI pUrva huA thaa| yadi 35 varSa kI eka pIr3hI mAnI jAye, to vaizravaNa zreSTha 10vIM zatAbdI meM honA cAhiye aura usI samaya 'bagherA' meM mandira kA nirmANa honA caahiye| 'bagherA' grAma meM jitanI bhI mUrtiyA~ nikalI haiM, ve sabhI 12vIM zatAbdI kI haiN| bagheravAla jAti ke 52 gotra mAne gaye haiM, jinakA varNana bhI ukta rAsa meM kiyA gayA hai bAvana gota udyotavara, avani huA avtaar| vivadhi tAsa jasa bistaro, e karaNI adhikaarii|| ina gotroM ke nAma isaprakAra haiM - khaMDavaDa, lAMbAbAMsa, khAsUvyA, dhAnotyA samadharA, bAI, sIghaDatoDa, kAgaTyA, harasorA, sAhulA, koriyA, bhaMDA, kaTArayA, banAvar3ayA, TholyA, pagAsyA, borakhaMDyA, dIvADyA, baMDamUDI, tAtahaDasayA, maMDAyA, badalacar3ha, potalyA, darogyA, bhUrayA, dahalodda, niTharagIvAla, mathurayA, guhIvAla, sAkhUNyA, saravADyA, pApalyA, DUMgaravAla, Thaga, vahasi, seDiyA, camArayA, sAMbharayA, suralakyA, ghoTApA, solaurayA, gadda, vetagyA, khrddyaa| bagheravAloM ke TholyA, sAkhUNyA, pItalyA, nigotyA, pApalyA, kaTAryA jaise gotra khaNDelavAla-jainoM ke gotroM se milate-julate haiN| ina gotroM meM 25 gotra 'kASThAsaMgha' ke evaM zeSa 27 gotra 'mUlasaMghI' mAne jAte haiN| cittaur3a-kile para sthita jaina-kIrtistambha 'sAha jojA' dvArA banavAyA gayA thaa| ye 'bagheravAla' jAti ke zrAvaka the| nainavA, koTA, bUMdI meM bagheravAloM ke vizAla mandira bane huye haiN| cAMdakher3I kSetra kI sthApanA, mandira kA nirmANa tathA vikrama saMvat 1746 meM vizAla paMcakalyANaka-pratiSThA-mahotsava kizanadAsa-bagheravAla dvArA karAyA gayA 00124 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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thaa| mahApaNDita 'AzAdhara' bagheravAla-jAti ke bhUSaNa the|12 deza meM bagheravAloM kI saMkhyA eka lAkha se Upara ginI jAtI hai| 5. jaisavAla 17vIM zatAbdI ke 'kavi bulAkhIcanda' jaisavAla-jAti ke the| unhoMne apane 'vacanakoza' (saMvat 1737) meM jaisavAla-jAti kI utpatti 'jaisalamera nagara' se mAnI hai|13 yaha jAti bhagavAn mahAvIra ke upadeza se jainadharma meM dIkSita huii| jaisavAla do upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta hai - eka 'tirotiyA' evaM dUsarA 'uprotiyaa'| 'uparotiyA' jaisavAla 'kASThAsaMghI' evaM 'tirotiyA mUlasaMghI' jaina-dharmAvalambI haiN| 'uparotiyA' zAkhA ke 36 gotra evaM 'tirotiyA' zAkhA ke 46 gotra haiN| jaisavAla 'ikSvAku-kula' ke kSatriya the, jo vaizya-kula meM parivartita ho gaye the| 'jaisavAla-jAti' meM aneka rAjA, rAjazreSTha, mahAmAtya aura rAjamAnya mahApuruSa ho gaye haiM vikrama-saMvat 1190 meM jaisavAla-vaMzI sAhU nemicandra ne kavi zrIdhara se 'vardhamAna-carita' kI racanA karAI thii| jaisavAla-jAti ke kavi mANikyarAja ne 'amarasena-carita' evaM 'nAgakumAra-carita' kI racanA kI thii| tomaravaMzI rAjA bIramadeva ke mahAmAtya jaisavAla kuzarAja ne 'gvAliyara' (ma.pra.) meM candraprabhu bhagavAn kA mandira banavAyA thA tathA saMvat 1475 meM eka-yaMtra kI pratiSThA karavAI thI, jo Ajakala 'naravara' ke mandira meM virAjamAna haiN| jaisavAla-kulotpanna kavivara lakSmaNadeva ne vikrama saMvat 1275 meM 'jiNayatta-cariu' nAmaka apabhraMza-graMtha kI racanA kI thii| vikrama saMvat 1752 meM jaisavAla-kulotpanna delha kavi ne 'jinadatta-carita' kI racanA samApta kI thii| jaisavAla-jaina-samAja ke AgarA, gvAliyara, phirojAbAda, jhAlAvAr3a Adi nagara pramukha-kendra mAne jAte haiN| deza meM jaisavAla-jaina-samAja kI saMkhyA eka lAkha se adhika hogii| jaisavAla-jaina-samAja kA vistRta itihAsa 31 mArca, 1988 ko zrI raNajIta jaina eDavokeTa ne likhakara prakAzita karAyA hai|15 6. pallIvAla ___'pallIvAla' prArambha meM digambara-jaina-jAti thI, lekina vigata 300-400 varSoM se isa jAti meM kucha parivAra zvetAmbara-dharma mAnanevAle bhI ho gye| lekina vartamAna meM yaha jAti mukhyataH digambara-dharmAnuyAyI hI hai| khaNDelA se khaNDelavAla, agrohA se agravAla-jAti ke samAna 'pallavI-jAti' kI utpatti rAjasthAna ke 'pAlI' nagara se mAnI jAtI thI, lekina DaoN. anila kumAra jaina ne nayI khoja ke AdhAra para yaha siddha kiyA hai ki 'pallIvAla-jAti' dakSiNa-bhArata ke 'pallI' nagara meM utpanna huI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00125

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thii| unake anusAra yadi 'pAlI - nagara' meM 'pallIvAla- jAti' kA udbhava huA hotA, to yaha jAti 'pallIvAla' ke sthAna para 'pAlIvAla' kahalAtI; kyoMki 'A' ke sthAna para 'a' ke prayoga kA koI aucitya pratIta nahIM hotA / AcArya kundakunda bhI 'pallIvAla- jAti' meM utpanna huye the, aisA paTTAvaliyoM meM ullekha milatA hai| phirojAbAda ke nikaTa 'candravADa' nAmaka nagara thA, jisakI sthApanA vikrama saMvat 1052 meM 'candrapAla' nAmaka jaina - rAjA kI smRti meM karavAI gaI thii| 'candravADa' meM 13vIM zatAbdI se lekara 16vIM zatAbdI taka cauhAnavaMzI rAjAoM kA rAjya rhaa| ina rAjAoM meM adhikAMza maMtrI 'pallIvAla - jaina' the| pallIvAla-jAti meM kucha kavi bhI huye haiM, jinameM bajaraMga lAla, daulatarAma Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| vartamAna meM pallIvAla AgarA, phirojAbAda, kannauja, alIgar3ha kSetroM evaM gvAliyara, ujjaina Adi nagaroM meM milate haiN| AgarA- kSetra ke pallIvAloM ke gotroM evaM kannauja, alIgar3ha-phirojAbAda ke pallIvAloM ke gotroM meM thor3A antara hai / 'murainA' tathA 'gvAliyara-kSetra' ke pallIvAloM ke 35 gotra haiM, jabaki nAgapura - kSetra ke pallIvAloM ke 12 gotra hI haiN| 7. narasiMhapurA 'narasiMhapurA - jAti' ke pramukha - kendra haiM rAjasthAna meM 'mevAr3a' evaM 'bAgar3A - prdesh'| vese isa jAti kI utpatti bhI mevAr3a - pradeza kA 'narasiMhapurA-nagara' se mAnI jAtI hai| isI nagara meM 'bhAhaDa' nAmaka zreSThi- zrAvaka rahate the, jo zrAvaka-dharma kA pAlana karate the| bhaTTAraka rAmasena ne sabhI kSatriyoM ko jainatva meM dIkSita kiyA tathA 'narasiMhapurA - jAti' kA udbhava kiyaa| 16 isa jAti kI utpatti vikrama saMvat 102 meM mAnI jAtI hai tathA yaha jAti 27 gotroM meM vibhAjita hai| 'pratApagar3ha' meM narasiMhapurA - jAti ke bhaTTArakoM kI gAdI thii| bhaTTAraka rAmasena ke pazcAt jinasena, yazakIrti, udayasena, tribhuvanakIrti, ratnabhUSaNa, jayakIrti Adi bhaTTAraka huye| ye sabhI bhaTTAraka tapasvI evaM sAhitya - premI the / pradeza meM vihAra karate huye samAja meM dhArmika kriyAoM ko sampAdita karAyA karate the| kASThAsaMgha, nadI-taTa-gaccha, vidhAgaNa, narasiMhapurA laghu- zAkhA - AmnAya meM sUraja Adi ke bhaTTArakoM kI saMkhyA 110 mAnI jAtI hai / antima bhaTTAraka yaza-kIrti the| yaha jAti bhI dassA, bIsA upajAtiyoM meM vibhakta hai| 'siMhapurA - jAti' bhI eka digambara jaina jAti thI, jo saMvat 1404 meM 'narasiMhapurA - jAti' meM vilIna ho gii| 17 00 126 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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8. osavAla 'osavAla' bhI mUlataH digambara - samAja kI eka jAti rahI hai| 'osavAlajAti' kA udgama-sthAna 'osiyA' meM mAnA jAtA hai| osavAloM meM digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI dharmoM ko mAnanevAle pAye jAte haiN| multAna se Aye huye multAnI-osavAloM meM adhikAMza digambaradharma ko mAnanevAle haiN| multAnI - osavAla vartamAna samaya meM jayapura evaM dillI meM base huye haiM, jinake gharoM kI saMkhyA karIba 400 hogii| aisA lagatA hai ki 'osiyA' se jaba 'osavAla - jAti' deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM AjIvikA ke liye nikalI tathA paMjAba kI ora basane ke liye Age bar3hI, to usameM digambara-dharmAnuyAyI bhI the| unameM se adhikAMza multAna DerA gAjIkhAna, vaidya evaM uttarI - paMjAba ke anya nagaroM meM basa gaye aura vahIM vyApAra karane lage / osavAla- digambara - samAja atyadhika samRddha evaM dharma ke prati dRr3ha-AsthA vAlI jAti hai| -------- digambara jaina- osavAla - jAti meM vardhamAna navalakhA, amolakAbAI, luhinmAmala, daulatarAma osavAla Adi aneka jaina vidvAn evaM zreSThIgaNa huye haiM / 18 9. lamecU " yaha bhI 84 jAtiyoM meM eka jAti hai, jo mUrti - lekhoM aura graMtha - prazastiyoM meM 'lamba-kaMcukAnvaya' nAma se prasiddha hai| mUrti - lekhoM meM 'lambakaMcukAnvaya' ke sAtha 'yaduvaMzI' likhA huA milatA hai, jisase yaha eka kSatriya jAti jJAta hotI hai| isa jAti kA vikAsa kisI 'lambakAMcana' nAmaka nagara se huA jAna par3atA hai| isameM khariyA, rAvata, kakoTA aura pacole gotroM kA bhI ullekha milatA hai| isa jAti meM aneka pratiSThita aura paropakArI puruSa huye haiM, jinhoMne jina-mandiroM aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa karAyA hai, aneka graMtha likhavAye haiN| inameM 'buDhele' aura lamecU' ye do bheda pAye jAte haiM, jo prAcIna nahIM hai| bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne 'pratimA - lekha - saMgraha ' meM likhA hai ki " buDhele-laMbecU athavA 'lambakaMcuka' jAti kA eka gotra thA, kintu kisI sAmAjika-anabana ke kAraNa vikrama saMvat 1590 aura 1670 ke madhya kisI samaya ye donoM pRthak jAtiyA~ bana giiN| " 'buDhele' jAti ke sAtha rAvata, saMghaI Adi gotroM kA ullekha milatA hai| isase prakaTa hai ki isa gotra ke sAtha anya loga bhI lamecuoM se alaga hokara eka anya jAti banAkara baiTha gye| ina jAtiyoM ke itivRtta ke liye anveSaNa kI AvazyakatA hai| 'candravADa' ke cauhAnavaMzI rAjA Ahavamala ke rAjyakAla meM 'laMbakaMcuka - kula' ke maNi sAhU seTha ke dvitIya putra, jo malhAdevI kI kukSi se janme the, bar3e buddhimAna aura rAjanIti meM dakSa the| inakA nAma kaNha yA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha ------------ 00127

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kRSNAditya thaa| ye Ahavamala ke pradhAnamaMtrI the, jo bar3e dharmAtmA the| unakI dharmapatnI kA nAma sulakSaNA thA, jo udAra, dharmAtmA, patibhakta aura rUpavatI thii| inake do putra the-- harideva aura dvijraaj| inhIM kaNha kI prArthanA se kavi lakSmaNa ne vi.saM. 1313 meM 'aNavaya-rayama-paIva' nAma kA graMtha banAyA thaa| kavi dhanapAla ne apane 'bAhubali-carita' kI prazasti meM likhA hai ki 'candravADa' meM cauhAnavaMzI rAjA abhayacandra ke, aura unake putra jayacanda ke rAjyakAla meM lambakaMcuka-vaMza' ke sAhU somadeva maMtrI-pada para pratiSThita the, aura unake dvitIya putra rAmacandra ke samaya somadeva ke putra vAsAdhara rAjya ke maMtrI the, jo samyaktvI jina-caraNoM ke bhakta, jainadharma ke pAlana meM tatpara, dayAlu, mithyAtva-rahita, bahuloka-mitra aura zuddha-citta ke dhAraka the| inake ATha putra the - jasapAla, ratapAla, candrapAla, viharAja, puSpapAla, bAhaDu aura ruupdev| ye AThoM putra apane pitA ke samAna dharmajJa aura suyogya the| bhaTTAraka prabhAcandra ne vikrama saMvat 1454 meM meM vAsAdhara kI preraNA se 'bAhubali-carita' kI racanA kI thii| unhoMne 'candravADa' meM eka mandira banavAyA aura usakI pratiSThA kI thii| ina saba ullekhoM se spaSTa hai 'lambakaMcuka-AmnAyI' bhI acche sampanna aura rAjamAnya rahe haiN| vartamAna meM bhI ve acche dhanI aura pratiSThita haiN| 10. huMbaDa yA hUmaDa yaha jAti bhI una caurAsI-jAtiyoM meM se eka hai| yaha jAti vinayasena AcArya ke ziSya kumArasena dvArA vikrama saMvat 800 ke anumAnataH 'jAgaDa deza' meM sthApita kI gaI thii| yaha jAti sampanna aura vaibhavazAlinI rahI hai| isa jAti kA nivAsa-sthAna gujarAta, mumbaI-prAnta aura bAgaDa-prAnta meM rahA hai| yaha 'dassA' aura 'bIsA' ina do bhAgoM meM ba~TI huI hai| isa jAti meM utpanna anekoM zrAvaka rAjyamaMtrI aura koSAdhyakSa Adi sammAnanIya padoM para pratiSThita rahe haiN| inake dvArA nirmita aneka mandira aura mUrtiyA~ pAI jAtI haiN| graMtha-nirmANa meM bhI yaha preraka rahe haiN| inake dvArA likhAye huye graMtha aneka zAstra-bhaNDAroM meM upalabdha hote haiN| vartamAna meM bhI ve samRddha dekhe jAte haiN| inameM 18 gotra pracalita haiN| khairajU, kamalezvara, kAkaDezra, uttarezvara, maMtrezvara, bhamezvara, bhadrezvara, gaNezvara, vizvezvara, saMkakhezvara, Ambezvara, bAcanezvara, somezvara, rAjiyAnoM, lalitezvara, kAzvezvara, buddhezvara aura sNgheshvr| isake atirikta isa jAti ke dvArA nirmita mandiroM meM sabase prAcIna mandira 'jhAlarApATana' meM zAMtinAtha-svAmI kA hai, jisakI pratiSThA humaDavaMzI zAha pIpA ne vi.saM. 1103 meM karavAI thii| isa jAti meM aneka vidvAn bhaTTAraka bhI huye haiN| bhaTTAraka sakalakIrti aura brahmajinadAsa isa jAti ke bhUSaNa the, jinakI 00128 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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paramparA 250-300 varSoM taka clii| isa jAti meM jaina-dharma-paramparA kA barAbara pAlana hotA rahA hai| vartamAna meM hUmar3a-samAja kI janasaMkhyA 2-3 lAkha hogii| mumbaI, udayapura, DUMgarapura, pratApagar3ha, sAgavAr3A jaise nagara isa samAja ke pramukha-kendra haiN| 11. golApUrva jaina-samAja kI 84 jAtiyoM meM 'golApUrva' bhI eka sampanna-jAti rahI hai| isa jAti kA vartamAna meM adhikatara nivAsa 'bundelakhaNDa' meM sAgara jilA, damoha, chattarapura, pannA, satanA, rIvA, AhAra, jabalapura, zivapurI aura gvAliyara ke Asa-pAsa ke sthAnoM meM nivAsa rahA hai| 12vIM aura 13vIM zatAbdI ke mUrti-lekhoM se isakI samRddhi kA anumAna kiyA jA sakatA hai| isa jAti kA nivAsa 'gollAgar3ha' (golAkoTa) kI pUrva dizA se huA hai| isakI pUrva-dizA meM rahanevAle 'golApUrva' kahalAte haiN| yaha jAti kisI samaya ikSvAkuvaMzI kSatriya thI, kintu vyApAra Adi karane ke kAraNa vaNik-samAja meM isakI gaNanA hone lgii| mUrti-lekhoM aura mandiroM kI vizAlatA se 'golApUrvAnvaya' gauravAnvita hai| vartamAna meM bhI isa jAti dvArA nirmita aneka zikharabanda mandira zobhA bar3hA rahe haiN| 12. golAlAre 'golAgar3ha' gvAliyara yA gopAcala kA hI dUsarA nAma hai| isake samIpa rahanevAle 'golAlAre' kahalAte haiN| yaha upajAti yadyapi saMkhyA meM alpa rahI hai, parantu phira bhI dhArmika dRSTi se bar3I kaTTara rahI hai| isa jAti ke dvArA pratiSThita anekoM mUrtiyA~ dekhane meM AtI haiN| aneka vidvAn tathA lakSmIputra bhI isameM hote rahe haiM, aura Aja bhI unakI acchI saMkhyA hai| isake udbhava kA sthAna 'golAgar3ha' hai| inake gotroM kI saMkhyA kitanI aura unake kyA-kyA nAma haiM, isake bAre meM vyavasthita jAnakArI nahIM miltii| 13. golasiMghAre (golazrRMgAra ) _ 'golAgar3ha' meM sAmUhikarUpa se nivAsa karanevAle zrAvakagaNa 'golasiMghAre' kahe jAte haiN| zrRMgAra' kA artha yahA~ 'bhUSaNa' hai, jisakA artha huA golAgar3ha ke bhuussnn| isa jAti kA koI vizeSa itihAsa nahIM miltaa| 17vIM zatAbdI ke kitanI hI graMtha-prazastiyoM meM isa jAti ke zrAvakoM kA ullekha milatA hai, para 'siMghAre' kA artha sahaja abhiprAya ko vyakta karatA hai| isake udaya, abhyudaya aura hrAsa Adi kA vizeSa itivRtta jJAta nahIM hotA aura na isake graMthakartA vidvAn kaviyoM kA hI paricaya jJAta ho skaa| kucha mUrti-lekha hamAre dekhane meM avazya Ate haiN| eka yaMtra-lekha bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 129

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avazya milatA hai, jo saMvat 1754 kA hai, usameM usake 'jayasavAla' gotra kA spaSTa ullekha pAyA jAtA hai, jisase spaSTa jAnA jAtA hai ki isa 'upajAti' meM bhI gotroM kI mAnyatA hai| sambhavataH lambakaMcuka, golArADAnvaya aura golasiMgharAnvaya ye tInoM golakArIya jAti ke abhisUcaka haiN| 14. padmAvatI-poravAla24 isa jAti ko 'paravAra-jAti' kA hI eka aMga mAnA jAtA hai, jisakA samarthana bakhtarAma sAha ke 'buddhi-vilAsa' se hotA hai| isa upajAti kA nikAsa 'pomAbAI' (padmAvatI) nAma ke nagara se huA hai| yaha nagarI pUrvakAla meM atyanta samRddha thii| isakI samRddhi kA ullekha khajurAho ke saMvat 1052 ke zilAlekha meM pAyA jAtA hai| isa nagara meM gaganacumbI aneka vizAla bhavana bane huye haiN| yaha nAga-rAjAoM kI rAjadhAnI thii| isakI khudAI meM aneka nAga-rAjAoM ke sikke Adi prApta huye haiN| isa jAti meM aneka vidvAn, tyAgI, brahmacArI aura sAdhu-puruSa huye haiM aura vartamAna meM bhI unake dhArmika, zraddhAvAna evaM vratoM ke paripAlana meM dRr3hatA dekhI jAtI hai| mahAkavi raidhU isa jAti meM utpanna huye the| kavivara chatrapati evaM brahmagulAla bhI isa jAti ke aMga the| inake dvArA aneka mandira aura mUrtiyoM kA nirmANa bhI huA hai| 15. cittaur3A digambara-jaina-cittaur3A-samAja rAjasthAna ke mevAr3a-pradeza meM adhika saMkhyA meM nivAsa karatA hai| akele udayapura meM isa samAja ke 100 se bhI adhika ghara haiN| yadyapi cittaur3A-jAti kA udgama svayaM cittaur3a-nagara hai lekina vartamAna meM vahA~ isa samAja kA eka bhI ghara nahIM hai| cittaur3A-samAja bhI 'dassA' evaM 'bIsA' meM baMTI huI hai| samAja meM gotroM kA astitva hai| vivAha ke avasara para kevala svayaM kA gotra hI TAlA jAtA hai| sAre deza meM cittaur3A-samAja kI janasaMkhyA 50 hajAra ke karIba hogii| 16. nAgadA DUMgarapura meM 'UMDA-mandira' nAgadoM evaM hUMbar3oM donoM kA kahalAtA hai| nAgadA-samAja kA mukhya kendra rAjasthAna kA 'bAgaDa' evaM 'mevAr3a-pradeza' hai| yaha samAja bhI 'dassA' evaM 'bIsA' meM baMTI huI hai| 'udayapura' meM sambhavanAtha-digambarajaina-mandira nAgadA-samAja dvArA nirmita hai| nAgadA-samAja ke 'udayapura' meM hI 150-200 parivAra rahate haiN| 'salumbara' meM bhI isa samAja ke 150 se adhika ghara haiN| yaha pUrA samAja apanI prAcIna paramparAoM se baMdhA huA hai| yahA~ para bhI eka mandira isI jAti kA hai, jisameM 15vIM tathA 16vIM zatAbdI meM pratiSThita prAcIna mUrtiyA~ virAjamAna haiN| 00130 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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17. baraiyA 27 baraiyA jAti bhI 84 jAtiyoM meM eka ullekhanIya jAti hai| isa jAti ke mukhya- kendra gvAliyara, indaura jaise nagara haiN| gvAliyara meM 250 se adhika parivAra rahate haiN| paM. gopAladAsa jI baraiyA isa jAti meM utpanna huye the| ve apane samaya ke sabase sammAnita paNDita the| gvAliyara meM isa samAja ke kaI mandira haiN| prAcIna 84 jAtiyoM kI nAmAvalI meM isa jAti kA ullekha nahIM miltaa| bra. jinadAsa, bakhtarAma evaM vinodIlAla ne bhI 84 jAtiyoM meM isa jAti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA hai| aisA lagatA hai ki pahale yaha jAti kisI dUsarI jAti kA hI eka aMga thI, lekina kAlAntara meM isane apanA svataMtra astitva kAyama kara liyaa| baraiyA - samAja kA itihAsa zrI raNajIta jaina eDavokeTa, lazkara ne likhA hai| 18-19. kharauA - miThauA 28 'kharauA' jAti pahale 'golAlAre' jAti kA hI eka aMga thI, lekina kAlAntara meM 'kharauA-jAti' eka alaga jAti bana gii| 'miThauA' bhI isI jAti meM se nikalI huI eka jAti hai / yaha kahA jAtA hai ki nagara meM kuyeM kA mIThA pAnI hone se yaha 'miThauA-jAti' kahalAne lgii| 20. rAyakavAla" 'rAyakavAla' jAti kA ullekha 15vIM zatAbdI ke vidvAn brahma jinadAsa ne kiyA hai, lekina san 1914 meM prakAzita DAirekTrI meM isa jAti kI saMkhyA kA koI ullekha nahIM kiyaa| lekina yaha jAti pahale gujarAta - prAnta ke 'sUrata' jile meM pAI tI thii| 'sUrata' se 15 mIla 'bAraDolI' meM 200 varSa pahale isa jAti ke 200 ghara the| aba yaha jAti aura bhI kama saMkhyA meM simaTa gaI hai| vartamAna meM 'kArA' tathA 'mahuA' meM isake kucha parivAra milate haiN| 21. mevAr3A mevAr3a - pradeza se vikasita hone ke kAraNa yaha jAti 'mevAr3A' kahalAne lgii| mevAr3A - jAti kA sabhI itihAsakAroM ne ullekha kiyA hai| yaha jAti bhI dassA - bIsA meM baMTI huI hai| mevAr3A - samAja sabase adhika mahArASTra meM milatI hai| yaha jAti 'kASThasaMghI' rahI hai| sUrata ke maMdira meM zItalanAtha svAmI kI saMvat 1892 meM pratiSThita pratimA hai, jo mevAr3A-jAti kI laghu-zAkhA ke sanAtha - bizanadAsa Adi zrAvakoM bhaTTAraka vijayakIrti ke sAnnidhya meM pratiSThita karAI gaI thii| san 1914 meM kI gaI janagaNanA meM isa jAti kI saMkhyA karIba 2160 thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 131

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22. caranAgare 1 yaha bhI 84 jAtiyoM meM se eka jAti hai| madhyapradeza meM caranAgare-samAja pramukha rUpa se nivAsa karatA hai| san 1914 kI janagaNanA meM isa samAja kI saMkhyA 1987 thii| 23. kaThanerA 2 yaha bhI 84 jAtiyoM meM eka choTI jAti hai / kaThanerA - samAja kI janasaMkhyA san 1914 meM kevala 711 thI, jo aba kitanI raha gaI hogI, isakA anumAna lagAnA kaThina hai| phira bhI yaha jIvita jAti hai| 24. zrImAla yaha jAti bhI digambara - samAja kI jIvita jAti mAnI jAtI hai| 'zrImAla ' yadyapi digambara evaM zvetAmbara donoM hI sampradAyoM meM milate haiM; lekina adhikAMza jAti digambara-dharma ko mAnanevAlI hai| rAjasthAna meM digambara- dharmAnuyAyI zrImAloM kI acchI saMkhyA meM parivAra haiN| jayapura ke badhIcanda jI ke mandira ke bahare meM saMvat 1394 kI pArzvanAthe kI pratimA hai, jo zrImAla - jAtIya - zrAvakoM dvArA pratiSThita kI gaI hai| 18vIM zatAbdI meM akhayarAja - zrImAla hindI gadya ke acche vidvAn ho gaye haiM, jinhoMne 'caudahaha - guNasthAna - carcA' likhI thI - 00 132 - caudaha guNasthAnaka kathana bhASA suni sukha hoI / akherAja zrImAla ne karI jathA mati joI // 25. vinaikyA 34 yaha jAti bhI digambara jaina samAja kA eka aMga rahI hai; lekina yaha bikharI huI samAja hai| jainadharma evaM saMskRti ke rakha-rakhAva meM isa jAti kA vizeSa yogadAna nahIM milatA hai| 26. samaiyA 35 kisI bhI itihAsakAra ne isa jAti kA ullekha nahIM kiyA, kyoMki yaha paravAra jAti kA hI eka aMga thI; lekina jaba se tAraNa-samAja kI sthApanA huI, tathA mUrti-pUjA ke sthAna para zAstra - pUjA kI jAne lagI, taba se isa jAti kA 'samaiyA' nAmakaraNa ho gyaa| yaha jAti bhI sAgara - jile meM mukhyarUpa se milatI hai| san 1914 kI janagaNanA meM meM samaiyA - jAti kI saMkhyA 1107 thI; lekina Aja tAraNa-paMthiyoM kI acchI saMkhyA hai| sAgara ke pUrva sAMsada zrI DAlacandra jI jaina samaiyA - jAti ke sadasya haiN| prArambha meM tAraNa-paMtha kA avazya virodha huA thA; lekina vartamAna meM tAraNapaMthI bhI digambara jaina samAja ke hI aMga haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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27. gaMgeravAla 36 gaMgeravAla bhI 84 jAtiyoM meM se eka hai| isakA gaMgeDA, gaMgeravAla, gaMgarIka, gogarAja evaM gaMgeravAla Adi vibhinna nAmoM se ullekha milatA hai| paM. RSabharAya ne saMvat 1833 meM 'ravivrata kathA' kI racanA kI thii| ve svayaM gaMgeravAla - zrAvaka the| dakSiNa bhArata kI digambara jaina - jAtiyA~ - dakSiNa bhArata ke mahArASTra, Andhrapradeza, tamilanADu evaM karnATaka Adi prAntoM meM digambara jainoM kI kevala cAra jAtiyA~ thiiN| paMcama, caturtha, kAsAra, bogAra aura setavAla / pahale ye cAroM jAtiyA~ eka thIM aura 'paMcama' kahalAtI thI / 'paMcama' nAma varNAzrayI brAhmaNoM kA diyA huA jAna par3atA hai| jainadharma varNa-vyavasthA kA virodhI thA, isaliye usake anuyAyiyoM ko 'cAturvarNa' se bAhara pA~caveM varNa kA arthAt 'paMcama' kahate the| jaba jainadharma kA prabhAva kama huA, to yaha nAma rUr3ha ho gayA aura antataH jainoM ne bhI ise svIkAra kara liyaa| dakSiNa meM jaba vIra, zaiva yA liMgAyata- - sampradAya kA udaya huA, to usane isa paMcama- jainoM ko apane dharma meM dIkSita karanA zurU kara diyA aura ve 'paMcama- liMgAyata' kahalAne lge| 12vIM zatAbdI taka sAre dakSiNAtya - jaina 'paMcama' hI kahalAne lge| pahale dakSiNa ke tamAma jainoM meM roTI-beTI vyavahAra hotA thaa| 37 16vIM zatAbdI ke lagabhaga sabhI bhaTTArakoM ne apane prAntIya athavA prAdezika saMgha tor3akara jAtigata saMgha banAye aura usa samaya maThoM ke anuyAyiyoM ko caturtha, zetavAla, bogAra tathA kAsAra nAma prApta huye / sAdhAraNataura se khetI ora jamIMdArI karanevAloM ko caturtha; kAMse pItala ke bartana banAnevAloM ko 'kAsAra' yA 'bogAra' aura kevala khetI tathA kapar3e kA vyApAra karanevAloM ko 'setavAla' kahA jAtA hai| hindI meM jinheM 'kasere' yA 'tamere' kahate haiM, ve hI dakSiNa meM 'kAsAra' kahalAte haiN| 'paMcama' meM brAhmaNa, kSatriya aura vaizya - ina tInoM varNoM ke dhandhA karanevAloM ke nAma samAnarUpa se milate haiN| jinasena maTha (kolhApura) ke anuyAyiyoM ko chor3akara aura kisI maTha ke anuyAyI 'caturtha' nahIM khlaate| paMcama, caturtha, setavAla aura bogAra yA kAsAroM meM paraspara roTI vyavahAra hotA hai| - san 1914 meM prakAzita digambara jaina - DAirekTrI ke anusAra digambara jainajAtiyoM meM sabase adhika saMkhyA 'caturtha' jAti kI thI, jo usa samaya 69285 thI; jisake AdhAra para vartamAna meM isa jAti kI saMkhyA 10 lAkha se kama nahIM honI caahiye| isI taraha 'paMcama' jAti ke zrAvakoM kI saMkhyA 32559, setavAloM kI saMkhyA 20889, bogAroM kI saMkhyA 2439 tathA kAsAroM kI saMkhyA 9987 thii| yadi hama dakSiNa- bhArata kI digambara jaina - jAtiyoM ke zrAvakoM kI ora dhyAna deM, to hameM mAlUma bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha OO 133

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hogA ina jAtiyoM kI saMkhyA lAkhoM meM hogI; kintu bhASA, rIti-rivAja kI bhinnatA ke kAraNa unameM sAmaMjasya sthApita nahIM hotA / bIsavIM zatAbdI nirgrandha - sAdhuoM kI zatAbdI bhaTTAraka - saMsthA kA patana 19vIM zatAbdI se hI prArambha ho gayA, tathA 20vIM zatAbdI meM to isa saMsthA kA prAyazaH astitva samApta ho gayA; lekina dakSiNa- bhArata meM abhI unakA astitva hai| mUDabidrI (karnATaka), zravaNabelagola (karnATaka), kolhApura (mahArASTra), humacA (karnATaka) jaise sthAnoM meM abhI taka unake kendra haiM, jinheM 'gAdI' kahA jAtA hai| yahA~ ke bhaTTArakagaNa bhI prazikSita evaM prabhAvaka haiN| isase dakSiNa bhArata ke jaina samAja meM unake prati AkarSaNa banA huA hai| 20vIM zatAbdI ke pUrva uttara- bhArata meM bhaTTAraka-saMsthA ke kAraNa nirgrantha- - paramparA meM vyavadhAna par3a gayA thA aura nagna - digambara- muni prAyaH nahIM dikhAI dete the| lekina dakSiNa bhArata meM 20vIM zatAbdI ke prArambha meM nirgrantha- paramparA punaH jIvita ho uThI ora cAra zrAvakoM ne muni dIkSA dhAraNa kI aura cAroM ko hI 'AdisAgara' nAma diyA gyaa| ve janma-sthAnoM ke nAma se jAne jAne lge| isase 1. AdisAgara boragAMva, 2. AdisAgara aMkalIkara, 3. AdisAgara bhosekara, aura 4. AdisAgara bhoja ye cAra nAma diye gye| ------------ 1. AdisAgara boragAMva 'boragAMva' ke AdisAgara munirAja 'boragAMva' ke parvata para rahate the| ve somavAra ke somavAra arthAt ATha dina meM eka bAra AhAra lete the| AhAra meM ganne kA rasa lete the, to mAtra ganne kA rasa hI lete the| isI taraha yadi Ama kA rasa lete, to Ama kAhI rasa lete the| ATha dina meM Apako eka bAra AhAra dekara zrAvakagaNa apane ko dhanya mAnate the| ApakA gRhastha jIvana kA nAma 'jinappA' thaa| 39 2. AdisAgara aMkalIkara AdisAgara aMkalIkara kA janma phAlguna kRSNa 13, guruvAra, saMvat 1886 meM 'aMkalI' grAma meM huA, jo mahArASTra prAnta meM hai| 'aMkalI' grAma meM janma lene ke kAraNa Apa 'aMkalIkara' nAma se prasiddha huye / Apa bacapana se hI bar3e vilakSaNa, buddhimAna aura zaktizAlI the| mitroM aura sAthiyoM meM ApakI bar3I dhAka thii| ApakA sAhasa jabaradasta thA / yuvAvasthA meM ApakA vivAha 'AU' nAma kI kanyA se huA / gRhasthAzrama meM rahakara bhI Apa Atma-cintana, vrata, upavAsa, saMyama Adi kA dRr3hatApUrvaka pAlana karate the| " je kamme sUrA, te dhamme sUrA" kI sUkti Apa para akSarazaH caritArtha hotI thii| 00 134 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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lagabhaga 15 varSa kI avasthA meM mAtR-viyoga, 27 varSa kI avasthA meM pitR-viyoga aura lagabhaga 40 varSa kI avasthA meM patnI viyoga ho gayA / saMsAra, zarIra aura bhogoM se virakti ho gii| bAla-baccoM ko apanI bahana ko sauMpakara gRha-virata ho gye| pahale Apane 1906 meM 'kSullaka dIkSA' lI aura kevala tIna mAha bAda 'ailaka dIkSA' grahaNa kara lI aura nirantara dhyAna - svAdhyAya meM lIna rahane lge| jaba munivrata pAlana kA acchA pUrvAbhyAsa ho gayA, taba vikrama saMvat 1914 mArgazIrSa zuklA 2, maMgalavAra ko prAtaH 10 baje mUla nakSatra meM kunthalagiri kSetra meM zrI jinendradeva kI sAkSIpUrvaka munidIkSA aMgIkAra kara lI / usa samaya nirgrantha-jaina muniyoM evaM AcAryoM kA abhAva-sA pAyA jAtA thaa| aise samaya meM Apane sarvaprathama jainezvarI dIkSA lekara sAre deza meM tahalakA macA diyaa| bhavya bandhuvRnda aba taka kevala digambara jaina muniyoM kI carcA sunate the; parantu aba sAkSAt munivara ke darzana pAkara apane Apako dhanya anubhava karane lge| dIkSA ke bAda dakSiNa bhArata ke aneka grAmoM meM Apane maMgalavihAra kiyA aura dharmAmRta kI varSA kii| dharma-bandhuoM meM dharmabhAvanA kI jAgRti huii| Apa 'konnUna' kI guphA meM ugra tapa karate the| janmajAta baira rakhane vAle jIvoM ne ApakI prazAnta - mudrA se prabhAvita hokara vaira kA vamana kara diyA aura bhI bahuta se atizaya huye / ApakI antima 'divya-dezanA' para pUjya AryikA vijayamatI jI ne acchI pustaka likhI hai| 20vIM zatAbdI ke katipaya varSoM pahale jo digambara - muni - paramparA samApta ho cukI thI, usako ApakI muni dIkSA dvArA nava-jIvana milA; kyoMki Apane muni dIkSA lene ke pazcAt dakSiNa bhArata meM vihAra kiyA aura dharmAmRta kI varSA dvArA jainadharma kI mahAn prabhAvanA meM vRddhi kii| 3. AdisAgara bhosekara AdisAgara bhosekara jinakA nambara tIna thA, ve 'jobhosaMgI svAmI' ke nAma se prasiddha the| 4. AdisAgara bhoja cauthe AdisAgara 'bhojagrAma' ke the| Apa pahile 'ratnappA svAmI' ke nAma se jAne jAte the| AcArya zAMtisAgara jI (dakSiNa) AcArya zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja 20vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn AcArya the| ve nirgrantha- paramparA ke samartha pracAraka the| AcAryazrI yadyapi dAkSiNAtya the, lekina AcArya-avasthA meM uttara - bhArata meM jAkara nirgrantha-jIvana kA bharapUra pracAra kiyA aura bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 135

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eka bahuta bar3e saMgha ko lekara sAre uttara bhArata meM vihAra kiyaa| AcAryazrI kA janma ASAr3ha-kRSNA vikrama saMvat 1872 meM 'yeLagUDa' gA~va meM apane nanihAla meM huA thaa| Apake pitAzrI kA nAma zrI gaur3A evaM mAtA kA nAma 'satyavatI' thaa| inakA nAma 'sAtagauDA' rakhA gyaa| inake do bar3e bhAI the, jinake nAma kramazaH 'AdigauDA' aura 'devagauDA' the| choTe bhAI kA nAma 'kugauDA' aura bahina kA nAma 'kRSNA bAI' thaa| AcAryazrI ke jIvana para unake mAtA-pitA kA gaharA prabhAva pdd'aa| unakA pUrA parivAra dharmaniSTha thaa|1 sAtagauDA kA bacapana se hI nivRtti-mArga kI ora jhukAva thaa| Amoda-pramoda se bahuta dUra rahA karate the| Apa vItarAgI pravRttivAle yuvaka the| bAlyakAla se hI ve zAMti ke sAgara the| muniyoM para unakI bar3I Asakti thI, ve apane kandhe para munirAja ko baiThAkara 'vedagaMgA' aura 'dUdhagaMgA' nadiyoM ko pAra karA dete the| ve kapar3e kI dukAna para baiThate the aura grAhaka se apane manapasaMda kA kapar3A chA~Tane, aura bahI meM likha dene ko kaha dete the| mAtA-pitA ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt 41 varSa kI avasthA meM digambara sAdhu 'devappA' ke pAsa munidIkSA ke liye nivedana kiyA, lekina munizrI ne munijIvana ke asAdhAraNa kaSToM ko dekhate huye pahale inheM saMvat 1972 meM kSullaka-dIkSA pradAna kI aura 'zAMtisAgara' nAma rakha diyaa| Apa tapa:sAdhanA meM vizeSa saMlagna rahate the| eka bAra 'koganolI' ke jaina mandira meM dhyAnastha the ki eka chaH hAtha lambA sarpa vahA~ AyA aura inako dhyAnastha dekhakara zarIra para car3ha gayA aura zarIra se lipaTa gyaa| jaba mandira ke paMDitajI dIpa jalAne andara Aye, to sarpa ko dekhakara vaha bhAga khar3e huye| vahA~ bahuta-se loga ekatrita ho gye| vahA~ ekatrita janasamUha sarpa kI krIr3A ko dekhatA rhaa| thor3I dera bAda vaha sarpa svayaM utara gayA aura anyatra calA gyaa| AcAryazrI ke jIvana meM aneka upasarga Aye, lekina Apane sabako zAMtipUrvaka sahana kara liyaa| 'rAjAkher3A' (rAjasthAna) meM eka bAra chiddI brAhmaNa guNDoM ke sAtha naMgI talavAra lekara A gayA thaa| sarparAja to kitanI hI bAra Aye aura cale gye| eka bAra asaMkhya cIMTiyA~ Apa ke Upara car3ha gaIM, eka bar3I cIMTI to Apake mukhya liMga para kATane lagI, lekina Apa sAdhanA meM lIna rahe aura dhyAna se jarA bhI vicalita nahIM huye| isaprakAra gA~va-gA~va vihAra karate huye Apa 'giranAra kSetra' meM pahu~ce aura vahA~ 'ailaka' dIkSA grahaNa kara lI aura jIvana-bhara ke liye ghI, namaka, dahI, tela aura zakkara - ina pA~ca rasoM kA tyAga kara diyaa| isake pazcAt 'karanAla' meM paMcakalyANaka-mahotsava ke avasara para dIkSA-divasa ke dina san 1920 zaka-saMvat 10136 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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1841 phAlguna zuklA caturdazI ke zubhadina Apako muni-dIkSA dI gii| dIkSA dene vAle guru the devendrakIrti, jinhoMne Apako kSullaka-dIkSA dI thii| isake pazcAt 'samaDolI' meM nemIsAgara jI kI ailaka-dIkSA tathA vIrasAgara jI kI muni-dIkSA ke dina samAja ne Apako 'AcArya'-pada se alaMkRta kara diyaa| AcArya-pada para pratiSThita hone ke pazcAt AcAryazrI mArga meM apUrva dharmaprabhAvanA karate huye 'sammeda zikhara jI' san 1928 phAlguna kI aSTAhnikA-parva para phuNce| isake pazcAt AcAryazrI ne apane saMgha ke sAtha uttara-bhArata ke pramukha kSetroM meM vihAra kiyA aura paraspara bhAIcArA evaM dhArmika sadbhAva paidA kiyaa| Apane apane ziSya yA ziSyoM kI eka bar3I paMkti khar3I kara dii| jIvana-paryanta utkRSTa municaryA kA pAlana karate huye aura anta meM 35 dina taka utkRSTa yogasAdhanA evaM sallekhanA-vrata ke sAtha kuMthalagiri para 18 sitambara bhAdrapada zukla dvitIyA ko AcAryazrI ne svarga-prayANa kiyaa| AcAryazrI zAMtisAgara jI nirgrantha-paramparA ke punaruddhAraka mAne jAte haiM aura vartamAna meM sabhI jainAcArya unase apanA sambandha jor3ate haiN|42 AcArya vIrasAgara jI AcArya zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja kA paTTa ziSya hone kA saubhAgya AcArya vIrasAgara jI ko milaa| jaba AcArya zrI ne yama-samAdhi le lI thI, usI samaya 26 agasta, 1995 zukravAra ko inheM 'AcArya'-pada pradAna kiyA gyaa| yadyapi usa samaya vIrasAgara jI vahA~ nahIM the, lekina unheM 'AcArya'-pada dete huye unhoMne kahA thA ki "hama svayaM ke santoSa se apane prathama nirgrantha ziSya vIrasAgara ko 'AcArya' pada dete haiN|" unhoMne usa samaya apanA mahattvapUrNa upadeza nimna zabdoM meM bhejA thA, "Agama ke anusAra pravRtti karanA, hamArI hI taraha samAdhi dhAraNa karanA aura suyogya ziSya ko apanA uttarAdhikArI niyukta karanA, jisase paramparA barAbara cle|"43 AcArya vIrasAgara jI adhika dinoM taka AcArya-pada para nahIM raha sake aura san 1957 meM hI jayapura-khAniyA~ meM unhoMne samAdhimaraNa le liyaa| unakA Atmabala bar3A teja thA aura usI ke sahAre ve apanA mArga-nirdhAraNa karate the| AcArya vIrasAgara jI dakSiNa-bhArata meM gRhastha-jIvana meM bhI avaitanikarUpa se dharma-zikSA-kArya karate the|44 AcArya zivasAgara jI AcArya vIrasAgara jI ke pazcAt zAMtisAgara jI paramparA ko banAye rakhane ke liye muni zivasAgara jI mahArAja vikrama saMvat 2014 meM 'AcArya' pada para pratiSThita kiye gye| AcArya banane ke pazcAt 'byAvara' meM ApakA prathama cAturmAsa huaa| isake bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00137

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pazcAt ajamera, sujAnagar3ha, sIkara, lADanUM, khAniyA~ (jayapura), papaurA, zrI mahAvIra jI, koTA, udayapura evaM pratApagar3ha meM Apake cAturmAsa sampanna huye aura phAlguna kRSNa amAvasyA vikrama saMvat 2025 ko cha:-sAta dina ke sAdhAraNa jvara ke pazcAt 'zrI mahAvIra jI' meM ApakA svargavAsa ho gyaa| zivasAgara jI kA janma vikrama-saMvat 1958 meM huA thaa| ye 'khaNDelavAla' jAti evaM 'rAMvakA' gotrIya zrI nemIcanda jI ke suputra the| ApakI janmabhUmi 'auraMgAbAda' jile ke antargata 'aDagA~va' thii| ApakA janma nAma hIrAlAla thaa| Apake do bhAI evaM do bahaneM thiiN| pitA kI Arthika-sthiti vizeSa-acchI nahIM hone ke kAraNa Apa evaM Apake bhAI-bahana uccAdhyayana se vaMcita rhe| 13 varSa kI Ayu meM hI Apake mAtA-pitA evaM bar3e bhAI kI mRtyu ho jAne se sArI gRhasthI kA bhAra Apa para A gyaa| jaba Apa 28 varSa ke the, taba AcArya zAMtisAgara jI ke darzana karane kA saubhAgya milA aura prathama bheMTa meM hI AcAryazrI se Apane vrata-pratimA grahaNa kii| 41 varSa kI Ayu meM Apane 'muktAgirI' siddhakSetra para saptama-pratimA dhAraNa kara lI aura brahmacArI ke rUpa meM saMgha ke sAtha rahane lge| isake pazcAt inhoMne 'kSullaka-dIkSA' lI aura saMvat 2006 meM 'nAgaura' (rAjasthAna) meM Apane 'muni-dIkSA' dhAraNa kara lii| isake pazcAt 14 varSa taka Apa AcAryazrI vIrasAgara jI ke saMgha meM muni-avasthA meM rahe aura cAroM anuyogoM kA acchA jJAna prApta kiyA aura anta meM saMvat 2014 meM AcArya vIrasAgara jI ke svargavAsa ke pazcAt Apa saMgha ke AcArya banAye gye| Apane apane jIvana meM 48 sAdhuoM ko dIkSA dii| vikrama saMvat 2020 meM jaba khAniyA~ (jayapura) meM ApakA cAturmAsa huA, to vahA~ nizcaya aura vyavahAra ko lekara vidvAnoM kI eka vRhad goSThI kA Ayojana huaa| yaha eka aitihAsika goSThI thI, jisameM samAja ke kitane hI mUrdhanya vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyaa| ToDaramala smAraka bhavana ke dvArA prakAzita 'khAniyA~ tattvacarcA' ke do bhAgoM meM isakI vivecanA prakAzita ho cukI hai| zrI mahAvIra jI meM nirmita 'zAMtivIra nagara' ApakI hI preraNAoM kA sukhada phala hai| AcArya dharmasAgara jI46 AcArya zivasAgara jI ke pazcAt AcArya dharmasAgara jI saMgha ke AcArya bne| ye bar3e spaSTavAdI AcArya the| Apa mAravAr3I bhASA meM prabhAvaka pravacana dete the| kaThora tapa:sAdhanA karanevAle the| ApakA janma pauSa pUrNimA vikrama saMvat 1870 ke zubhadina huaa| 'gambhIrA' gA~va ke zreSThI bakhtAvaramala jI evaM mAtA umarAva bAI ke putra rUpa meM Apane janma liyaa| vi.saM. 2008 meM Apane 'phulerA' meM 'ailaka-dIkSA' grahaNa kI aura kArtika zukla caturdazI vikrama saMvat 2008 meM Apane 'muni-dIkSA' grahaNa kii| 00138 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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isake pazcAt Apa barAbara bar3hate hI gye| vi. saMvat 2025 phAlguna zukla aSTamI ko 'zrI mahAvIra jI' kSetra meM Apako pUre saMgha ne milakara 'AcArya-pada' pradAna kiyaa| Apa vizAla saMgha ke sAtha rhe| AcArya banane ke pazcAt Apane sAre deza meM vihAra kiyA aura apanI amRtamaya vANI se sabako apanA banA liyaa| Apane munidharma ko prabhAvaka banAyA aura Apane 28 muni-dIkSAyeM, kaI ailaka-dIkSAyeM, 7 kSullaka-dIkSAyeM evaM 21 AryikA-dIkSAyeM evaM 3 kSullikAdIkSAyeM karAke muni-dharma kA khUba pracAra-prasAra kiyaa| Apa sneha evaM saujanya kI mUrti the, lekina siddhAMta-virodhI-pravRtti kA pakSa kadApi nahIM lete the| AcArya dharmasAgara jI kA karanI aura kathanI meM kiJcit bhI antara nahIM thaa| ve dhanADhya tathA garIba se samAna vyavahAra karate the| AcArya zAMtisAgara jI chANI AcArya zAMtisAgara jI nAma ke Apa dUsare AcArya the| eka hI nAma hone ke kAraNa ve apane grAma ke nAma ke kAraNa 'chANI mahArAja' kahalAne lge| ApakA janma san 1888 meM 'udayapura' riyAsata ke 'chANI' grAma meM huA thaa| Apane 35 varSa kI Ayu meM san 1923 meM 'muni-dIkSA' dhAraNa kii| san 1926 meM Apako 'AcArya-pada' diyA gayA tathA lagAtAra 20 varSa taka nirantara vihAra karane ke pazcAt san 1944 meM Apane samAdhimaraNa-pUrvaka zarIra tyAga diyaa| isIprakAra eka AcArya zAMtisAgara jI dakSiNa meM huye| ina donoM AcAryoM kI jIvana-gAthA nimnaprakAra hai janma kSullaka munidIkSA AcArya samAdhi san dIkSA pada prApta AcArya zAMtisAgara jI dakSiNa 1872 1915 1920 1924 1955 AcArya zAMtisAgara jI chANI 1888 1922 1923 1926 1944 'chANI mahArAja' kA uttara bhArata ke gA~voM meM vihAra huA aura cAturmAsa sthApita kiye| eka bAra 'byAvara' meM san 1933 meM donoM AcAryoM ke eka-sAtha cAturmAsa sampanna huye| isase janasAdhAraNa meM apUrva dhArmika jAgRti utpanna huii| yadyapi 'chANI mahArAja' kI 'terahapaMtha-paramparA' thI aura zAMtisAgara jI dakSiNavAloM kI 'bIsapaMtha' kI paramparA thI; lekina donoM meM paraspara khUba mela rahA tathA donoM ne paramparAoM ko ApasI virodha kA kAraNa nahIM banane diyaa| AcArya zAMtisAgara jI chANI ne muni banane ke pazcAt rAjasthAna evaM mAlavA ke vibhinna nagaroM meM 20 cAturmAsa sthApita kiye, jinakI tAlikA nimnaprakAra hai48 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 139

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kra.saM. ini mi vikrama-saMvat 1981 1982 1983 IsvI san 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929 v o n o o o = sin 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 cAturmAsa kA sthAna indaura lalitapura girIDIha (AcArya pada prApta) paratApura (bAMsavAr3a) IDara sAgavAr3A indaura IDara nasIrAbAda byAvara sAgavAr3A udayapura IDara galiyAkoTa pArasaulA bhiNDara taloda RSabhadeva RSabhadeva salUmbara 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 o 1997 1940 1998 1941 a 1942 1999 2000 1943 AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara jI AcAryazrI jJAnasAgara jI kA janma rAjasthAna ke 'sIkara' jilAntargata 'rANolI' grAma meM saMvat 1948 meM eka sampanna parivAra meM huA thaa| unake pitA kA nAma 'caturbhuja' evaM mAtA kA nAma 'ghevarI' devI thaa| janma ke samaya unakA nAma 'bhUrAmala' rakhA gyaa| gA~va kI prArambhika zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt unako saMskRta-bhASA ke ucca-adhyayana kI icchA jAgRta huI aura mAtA-pitA kI anumati lekara 'zAstrI' kI parIkSA pAsa kii| rAjasthAna ke prasiddha dArzanika vidvAna paM. cainasukhadAsa jI nyAyatIrtha Apake sahapAThiyoM meM se the| kAzI ke snAtaka banane ke pazcAt ye vApisa apane grAma A gaye ora granthoM ke adhyayana ke sAtha-sAtha svataMtra 00140 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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vyavasAya bhI karane lge| lekina kAvya - nirmANa meM vizeSa ruci lene ke kAraNa unako vyavasAya meM mana nahIM lgaa| vivAha kI carcA Ane para unhoMne Ajanma avivAhita rahane kI apanI hArdika icchA vyakta kI aura apane Apako mA~ jinavANI kI sevA meM samarpita kara diyA / 49 - unhoMne san 1955 meM 'kSullaka dIkSA' dhAraNa kii| san 1959 meM AcArya zivasAgara se 'muni dIkSA' prApta kI / san 1969 meM 'AcArya pada' prApta kiyaa| jUna 1973 ko samAdhimaraNa prApta kiyaa| Apane saMskRta evaM hindI meM aneka mahAkAvya, kAvya evaM hindI meM bhI kitane hI kAvyoM kI racanA kii| Apa vartamAna ke AcArya vidyAsAgara ke dIkSA - guru haiM / AcArya mahAvIrakIrti jI AcAryazrI kA janma baizAkha zukla 9 saMvat 1967 meM u.pra. ke 'phirojAbAda' nagara ke paThAnAna mohalle meM huA thaa| ApakA bacapana kA nAma 'mahendrakumAra' thaa| ApakI mAtA 'bUMdAdevI' bar3I dharmAtmA thIM unhIM ke vicAroM aura saMskAroM kA prabhAva bAlaka mahendra para pdd'aa| munirAja ne 20 varSa kI avasthA meM vikrama saMvat 1987 meM paramapUjya muni candrasAgara jI munirAja se saptama - pratimA grahaNa kI aura saMvat 1995 arthAt 28 varSa kI avasthA meM gujarAta prAnta ke 'TAkAToMkA' grAma meM paramapUjya AcAryakalpa vIrasAgara jI se kSullaka dIkSA lI tathA 32 varSa kI avasthA 1999 meM paramapUjya AcArya AdisAgara jI mahArAja se 'muni dIkSA' dhAraNa kii| AcArya mahArAja ne apane saMgha-sahita bhArata ke nagaroM aura tIrthakSetroM para vihAra kiyA aura apanI amRtamaya vANI se janatA kA upakAra kiyaa| saikar3oM nagara aura gA~va Apake padArpaNa se pavitra huye / Apake vihAra meM kaI sthAnoM para upasarga huye aura unheM Apane zAMti se sahana kiyA / paramapUjya AcAryazrI mahAvIrakIrti jI bhI aba hamAre bIca nahIM rhe| aise lokopakArI AcArya zrI kA 6 janavarI 1972 I. ko rAtri ke 9.18 baje mehasANA (gujarAta) meM samAdhimaraNa ho gyaa| 50 AcArya sUryasAgara" AcArya zAMtisAgara jI ke pazcAt jina jainAcAryoM kA samAja evaM sAMskRtika vikAsa meM sabase adhika yogadAna rahA, unameM AcArya sUryasAgara jI mahArAja kA nAma sabase ullekhanIya hai| AcAryazrI 20vIM zatAbdI ke mahAn santa the / ApakA mahAn vyaktitva evaM tapa:sAdhanA dekhate hI banatI thii| deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM vihAra karake Apane samasta jaina samAja ko eka sUtra meM bA~dhane kA prayAsa kiyA thaa| AcAryazrI kA janma saMvat 1940 ke kArtika zuklA navamI ke zubhadina huA bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00141

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thaa| ApakA janma-sthAna gvAliyara rAjya ke 'zivapurI' jilA antargata 'pepasara' grAma meM huA thaa| ApakA bacapana kA nAma 'hajArImala' thaa| pitA ke sahodara bhAI baladeva jI jhAlarApATanavAloM ke yahA~ lAlana-pAlana huA thaa| bacapana se hI Apa cintanazIla rahate the tathA dhArmika kriyAoM meM ApakI vizeSa ruci rahatI thI, jo vivAha hone ke uparAnta bhI usI rUpa meM banI rhii| jaba Apa 41 varSa ke the, to eka svapna ke phalasvarUpa Apako jagat se virakti ho gaI aura Azvina zukla SaSThI, vikrama saMvat 1981 ko Apane indaura meM AcAryazrI zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja ke pAsa ailaka-pada kI dIkSA le lii| usI samaya Apako 'sUryasAgara' nAma rakhA gyaa| kucha samaya pazcAt Apa muni aura phira AcArya pada ko prApta ho gye| AcArya sUryasAgara jI vidvAn santa the| unakI vANI meM miThAsa thii| isaliye unakI sabhAoM meM paryApta saMkhyA meM zrotAgaNa Ate the| unakA mahAn grantha 'sUryasAgara granthAvalI' jayapura se prakAzita ho cukA hai| isa grantha meM jainadharma evaM usake siddhAMtoM kA atyadhika sundara DhaMga se pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| AcAryazrI kA svargavAsa 'DAlamiyA nagara' meM samAdhipUrvaka huA thaa| vahIM para unakI bhavya samAdhi banI huI hai| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI ___AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI 20vIM zatAbdI ke prabhAvaka AcArya the| Apa nirantara dhyAna-svAdhyAya meM lage rahate the| saMskRta, aMgrejI bhASA ke atirikta kannar3a evaM marAThI bhASA ke bhI acche vidvAn the| ApakA janma 'belagA~va' jile ke 'kothalapura' (kothalI) gA~va meM huA thaa| pitA kA nAma 'sAtagoDA' evaM mAtA kA nAma 'akkAtAI' thaa| saMvat 1995 meM ApakA janma huaa| ApakA janma-nAma 'bAlagauDA' thaa| Apa jaba tIna mAha ke the, tabhI mAtA jI svargavAsI ho gaIM aura sAta varSa kI avasthA meM Apa pitRhIna ho gye| Apake pAlana-poSaNa kA pUrA bhAra nAnI para A gyaa| 15 varSa kI avasthA meM Apane kannar3a aura marAThI bhASAoM meM acchI zikSA prApta kii| prArambha meM mandira jAne ke pakSa meM nahIM the, lekina AcArya jayakIrti ke upadezoM kA gaharA prabhAva par3A aura 20 varSa kI avasthA meM 'rAmaTeka' meM Apane 'ailaka-dIkSA' le lI aura 20 varSa kI avasthA meM kuMthalagiri kSetra para Apako AcAryazrI jayakIrti munirAja ne 'muni-dIkSA' de dii| Apako 'sUrata' (gujarAta) meM 'AcArya-pada' se vibhUSita kiyA gyaa| muni-avasthA meM Apane khUba vidyAbhyAsa kiyaa| ApakI preraNA se ayodhyA-tIrtha para 31 phuTa UMcI AdinAtha svAmI kI khaDgAsana-pratimA virAjamAna kI gaI tathA vahA~ gurukula kI sthApanA karavAI gii| - Apane baMgAla, bihAra, ur3IsA, haidarAbAda, mahArASTra, gujarAta, hariyANA, uttarapradeza, madhyapradeza evaM rAjasthAna meM khUba vihAra kiyaa| Apane kothalI, jayapura Adi nagaroM meM bhavya jinAlayoM kI pratiSThA krvaaii| anekoM paMcakalyANaka-pratiSThAyeM 00142 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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Apake sAnnidhya meM sampanna huiiN| AcAryazrI kI vidvattApUrNa pravacana-zailI bahuta AkarSaka thii| AcArya vidyAnanda jI munirAja Apake ziSya haiN| Apane bharateza-vaibhava, ratnAkara-zataka, paramAtma-prakAza, dharmAmRta, nirvANa-lakSmIpati-stuti, niranjana-stuti Adi kannar3a bhASA ke mahAn granthoM kA hindI, gujarAtI, marAThI bhASA meM anuvAda kiyA thaa| apane samaya ke prabhAvaka AcArya rahate huye Apane samAdhimaraNa san 1989 meM 'kothalI' (mahArASTra) meM prApta kiyA thaa| AcArya pAyasAgara jI mahArAja ApakA janma ainApura meM phAlguna zuklA paMcamI vIra ni.saM. 2415 ko huA thaa| Apane gokAka ke jaina-mandira meM zrImad zrI zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja se kArtika sudI 4 vIra saM. 2450 san 1923 meM 'ailaka-dIkSA' lii| 'sonAgiri' siddhakSetra para AcAryazrI se hI vi.saM. 2456 meM 'muni-dIkSA' grahaNa kii| 12-10-56 meM Apane apanA 'AcArya-pada' muni anantakIrti jI ko sauMpa diyA tathA 'stavanidhi tIrthakSetra' para samAdhipUrvaka zarIra ko chodd'aa| Apa kuzala vaktA, dIrgha tapasvI aura prabhAvI AcArya the| Apane anekoM zrAvakoM ko dIkSA dekara satpatha meM lgaayaa| AcArya zrIsanmatisAgara jI54 ApakA janma vikrama saMvat 1995 meM mAgha zukla saptamI ko uttarapradeza meM 'eTA' jile ke antargata 'phaphUtA' nAmaka grAma meM huaa| seTha pyArelAla jI Apake pUjya pitA the aura ApakI mAtA kA nAma jayamAtA thaa| bar3A hI dharmAtmA parivAra thaa| ata: bacapana se hI ApakA jIvana dharma ke saMskAroM se otaprota thaa| jyotiSI ne bhI bhaviSyavANI karate huye batalAyA ki "baccA honahAra hai, vidvAn to hogA hI; parantu ucca pada prApta kregaa|" kevala 9 varSa kI avasthA meM hI dhArmika aura laukika zikSA donoM meM dakSatA prApta kara lii| hindI, gaNita, itihAsa, bhUgola, vyAkaraNa, nAgarikazAstra Adi aneka viSayoM ke jJAtA ho gye| bI.e. taka laukika-zikSA prApta kI aura 'puruSArthasidhyupAya' taka dhArmika zikSA arjita kii| Apako AcAryazrI vimalasAgara dvArA 'sammeda zikhara jI' meM munidIkSA dI gayI aura 'muni sanmatisAgara' nAma rkhaa| 'AcArya'-pada 'mehasANA' meM AcArya mahAvIrakIrti se prApta kiyaa| AcAryazrI kA vihAra jaba banArasa se ayodhyA kI tarapha ho rahA thA, taba kucha DAkuoM ne saMgha meM upadrava kiyA; parantu dUsare dina ve hI DAkU AcAryazrI ke caraNoM meM natamastaka huye aura apane duSkRtya kI bAra-bAra kSamA yAcanA kI tathA DAkU-jIvana kA tyAgakara aneka prakAra ke vrata-niyama liye| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00143

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AcAryazrI kuMthUsAgara jI 55 dakSiNa meM karnATaka - prAnta ke 'belagA~va' jile meM 'ainApura' meM sAtappA va sarasvatI ke putra ke rUpa meM vIra - nirvANa - saMvat 2420 meM ApakA janma huaa| mAtA-pitA ne nAma 'rAmacandra' rkhaa| rAmacandra ke hRdaya meM bAlyakAla se hI vinayazIlatA va sadAcAra ke bhAva jAgRta huye the, jinheM dekhakara loga Azcaryacakita va santuSTa hote the| rAmacandra ko bAlyAvasthA meM hI sAdhu-saMyamiyoM ke darzana kI utkRSTa icchA rahatI thii| koI sAdhu ainApura meM Ate, to yaha bAlaka daur3akara unakI vandanA ke liye pahu~catA thA / bAlyakAla se hI usake hRdaya meM dharma ke prati abhiruci thii| sadA apane sahadharmiyoM ke sAtha tattvacarcA karane meM hI samaya bitAtA thA / isaprakAra solaha varSa vyatIta huye| aba mAtA - pitA ne rAmacandra kA vivAha karAne kA vicAra pragaTa kiyA, to rAmacandra ne vivAha ke liye manA kiyA evaM prArthanA kI "pitAjI! isa laukika vivAha se mujhe saMtoSa nahIM hogaa| maiM alaukika vivAha arthAt mukti - lakSmI ke sAtha vivAha karanA cAhatA huuN|" mAtA-pitA ne punaH Agraha kiyA / mAtA-pitA kI AjJA ke ullaMghana ke bhaya se icchA na hote huye bhI rAmacandra ne vivAha kI svIkRti dii| bAlyakAla se saMskAroM se sudRr3ha hone ke kAraNa yauvanAvasthA meM bhI rAmacandra ko koI vyasana nahIM thA / vyasana thA to kevala dharmacarcA, satsaMgati va zAstra-svAdhyAya kA thaa| bAkI vyasana to unase ghabarAkara dUra bhAgate the / isaprakAra paccIsa varSa paryanta rAmacandra ne kisI taraha ghara meM vAsa kiyA / parantu bIca-bIca meM yaha bhAvanA jAgRta hotI thI ki "bhagavAn! maiM isa gRhabaMdhana se kaba chuuhuuN| ? jina - dIkSA lene kA saubhAgya kaba milegA? vaha dina kaba AyegA jaba ki sarvasaMga parityAga kara maiM svakalyANa kara sakU~?" daivavazAt isa bIca meM mAtA-pitA kA svargavAsa huaa| vikarAla kAla kI kRpA se bhAI aura bahana ne bhI vidA lii| taba rAmacandrajI kA citta aura bhI udAsa huaa| unakA baMdhana chUTa gyaa| taba saMsAra kI sthiti kA unhoMne svAnubhava se pakkA nizcaya karake aura bhI dharmamArga para sthira huye / rAmacandra ke zvasura bhI dhanika the| unake pAsa bahuta sampatti thii| parantu unako aura koI santAna nahIM thI / ve rAmacandra se kaI bAra kahate the ki " yaha sampatti ( ghara vagairaha ) tuma hI le lo, mere yahA~ ke saba kArobAra tuma hI claao|" aura rAmacandra apane 'zvasura ko duHkha na ho', isa vicAra se kucha dina sasurAla meM rahe bhii| parantu mana meM yaha vicAra kiyA karate the kiM "maiM apanA bhI ghara-bAra chor3anA cAhatA huuN| inakI sampatti ko lekara maiM kyA karU~gA?" rAmacandra kI isaprakAra kI vRtti se zvasura ko duHkha hotA thA, parantu rAmacandra lAcAra thaa| jaba usane sarvathA gRhatyAga karane kA 00 144 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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nizcaya hI kara liyA, to unake zvasura ko bahuta adhika duHkha huaa| Apane paramapUjya AcAryazrI zAMtisAgara jI mahArAja ke pAdamUla ko pAkara apane saMkalpa ko pUrNa kiyaa| san 1925 meM ' zravaNabelagolA' ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka ke samaya para Apane 'kSullaka dIkSA' lI tathA 'sonAgirI' kSetra (ma.pra.) para 'munidIkSA' lI aura 'muni kuMthusAgara' ke nAma se prasiddha huye| jaba Apa ghara chor3a karake sAdhu huye, taba ApakI dharmapatnI dharmadhyAna karatI huIM ghara meM hI rahI thiiN| sAhitya-nirmANa meM ApakI bahuta ruci thii| Apane caturviMzatijinastuti, zAMtisAgara-caritra, bodhAmRtasAgara, nijAtmazuddhibhAvanA, mokSamArgapradIpa, jJAnAmRtasAgara, svarUpadarzanasUrya, manuSyakRtsAra, zAMtisudhAsindhu Adi nItipUrNa, tattvagarbhita 40 grantharatnoM kI racanA karake eka udAharaNa prastuta kiyA / Apake durlabha saMskRtabhASA - pAMDitya para bar3e-bar3e vidvAn paMDita bhI mugdha ho jAte the| ApakI granthanirmANa - zailI apUrva thii| ApakI bhASaNa pratibhA, zAMta va gaMbhIra mudrA ke sAmane bar3e-bar3e rAjAoM ke mastaka jhukate the| gujarAta prAnta ke prAyaH sabhI saMsthAnAdhipati Apake AjJAkArI ziSya bane huye haiN| hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jainetara Apake sadupadeza se prabhAvita hokara makAratraya (madya, mAMsa, madhu) ke tyAgI va saMyamI bana cuke the| gujarAta va bAgar3a prAnta meM Apake dvArA jo dharma - prabhAvanA huI vaha itihAsa ke pRSThoM para svarNAkSaroM meM cirakAla taka aMkita rhegii| gujarAta meM kaI saMsthAoM ne apane rAjya meM isa tapodhana ke janmadina ke smaraNArtha sArvajanika chuTTI va sArvatrika ahiMsAdivasa manAne ke Adeza nikAle haiN| 'sudasanA sTeTa' ke prajAvatsala nareza to itane bhakta bana gaye the ki muni - mahArAja kA jahA~-jahA~ vihAra hotA thA, vahA~ prAyaH unakI upasthiti rahatI thii| kabhI anivArya rAjyakArya se paravaza hokara mahArAja se vidA lene kA prasaMga Ane para 'mAtA se bichar3ate huye putra ke samAna' nareza kI A~khoM se A~sU bahate the| gujarAta meM jaina, jainetara, hindU evaM musalamAna unake caraNoM ke bhakta the / aluvA, mANikapura, pethApura, DUMgarapura, bAMsavAr3A, khAMdU Adi aneka sTeToM ke adhipati Apake sadguNoM se mugdha the| bar3audA rAjya meM ApakA apUrva svAgata huA / rAjya ke nyAyamandira meM sTeTa ke pradhAna sara kRSNamAcArI kI upasthiti meM AcAryazrI kA sArvajanika tattvopadeza huA thaa| gujarAta meM vihAra kara mahArAjazrI ne rAjasthAna ke gar3a-prAnta ko pAvana kiyaa| vikrama-saMvat 2001 meM ApakA padArpaNa 'dhariyAvada' huaa| isI varSa dhariyAvada meM 51 varSa kI Ayu meM ASAr3ha kRSNa 6, ravivAra, dinAMka 1-7-1945 I. ko samAdhimaraNa pUrvaka ApakA svargavAsa ho gayA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00145

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AcArya vidyAnanda jI " haiN| AcArya vidyAnanda jI mahArAja vartamAna meM zramaNa saMgha ke sabase pramukha AcArya / ApakA janma 'belagA~va' jile ke 'zeDavAla' grAma meM huaa| Apake pitAjI kAlappA upAdhye evaM mAtA zrI sarasvatI thiiN| ApakA janma 22 apraila, 1925 meM huA thaa| bAlyAvasthA kA nAma 'surendra' rakhA gyaa| ApakI zikSA-dIkSA 'belagA~va' meM huii| Apako brahmacarya vrata, taponidhi zrI mahAvIrakIrti jI mahArAja se prApta huye| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI mahArAja ne Apako dillI meM 'muni dIkSA' pradAna kii| Apane deza ke vibhinna nagaroM evaM gA~voM meM vihAra kiyA / himAlaya ke uttuMgazikhara para jAkara tapasyA kii| badrIdhAma meM jAkara AdinAtha svAmI ke darzana kiye| Apa ojasvI vaktA, madhurabhASI evaM AkarSaka vyaktitva ke dhanI haiN| AcArya dezabhUSaNa jI kI samAdhi ke pazcAt dillI jaina samAja ne Apako 'AcArya pada' se alaMkRta kiyaa| Apa sAhitya-premI haiN| prAkRta-sAhitya meM ApakI vizeSa ruci hai| naI dillI meM 'kundakunda bhAratI' nAmaka saMsthA Apake sAnnidhya meM sAhitya - nirmANa va prakAzana kA kArya kara rahI hai| ApakI pramukha racanAoM meM vizvadharma kI rUparekhA, picchI kamaNDalu, kalyANa- - muni aura sikandara, Izvara kyA aura kahA~ ? jaisI pustakoM ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| -- AcArya vidyAnanda jI kA Aja santa- jagat meM eka vizvavikhyAta nAma hai| ApakI vANI meM jAdU hai aura janatA svayameva Apake pAsa calI AtI hai| Apa mAnavatA ke poSaka haiM aura 'mata ThukarAo, gale lagAo, dharma sikhAo' ApakA nArA hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 2500vA~ nirvANotsava, gommaTezvara sahasrAbdI mahAmastakAbhiSeka gommaTagiri (iMdaura) evaM bAvanagajA ke mahotsava, zrImahAvIra jI kA sahasrAbdI-samAroha Adi anekoM abhUtapUrva Ayojana Apake pAvana AzIrvAda evaM maMgalasAnnidhya meM apAra garimApUrvaka sampanna huye haiN| samprati Apa 'niyama- sallekhanA' kA vrata lekara AtmasAdhanA meM nirata haiN| AcArya vidyAsAgara jI 57 vartamAna jaina - AcAryoM meM AcArya vidyAsAgara jI kA nAma prathama paMkti meM AtA hai| Apa bhI dakSiNa bhArata se haiN| ApakA janma karnATaka prAnta ke 'sadalagA' grAma meM Azvina zuklA pUrNimA vikrama saMvat 2003 meM zrImatI evaM zrI malappA ke yahA~ huaa| ApakA bacapana kA nAma 'vidyAdhara' thaa| Apako prArambha se hI nivRtti kI ora bhAva thaa| 22 varSa kI avasthA meM Apane AcArya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja se 'ajamera ' meM 30 jUna san 1968 ko 'muni dIkSA' grahaNa kI aura unhoMne hI san 1972 meM Apako 'AcArya-pada' para biThalAkara svayaM ne 'sallekhanA - vrata' dhAraNa kara liyaa| Apa tyAga, tapasyA evaM gambhIra jJAna ke dhArI haiN| ApakA vizAla muni-saMgha 00146 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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hai, jisameM vartamAna meM 45 ucca-zikSita yuvakoM ko muni-dIkSA evaM ailaka, kSullaka-dIkSA dekara unake jIvana ko tapomaya banAyA hai| isI taraha karIba 27 bahanoM ko AryikA-dIkSA de cuke haiN| ApakA pUrA saMgha kaThora tapa:sAdhanA meM saMlagna rahatA hai| Apake do bhAI, pitAjI, mAtAjI evaM donoM bahanoM ne muni evaM AryikA-vrata dhAraNa kara liye the| AcAryazrI vizAla sAhitya ke lekhaka evaM nirmAtA haiN| Apake svaracitasAhitya, anUdita-sAhitya, pravacana-saMgraha evaM sphuTa racanAyeM haiN| gaNadharAcArya kuMthusAgara jI58 ApakA janma 01 jUna 1947 tadnusAra jyeSTha zukla 13 vi.saM. 2003 ko 'bATher3A' (udayapura) rAjasthAna meM huaa| Apake pitAzrI paM. devacanda jI evaM mAtAjI kA nAma sohanI devI thaa| janma nAma 'kanhaiyA lAla' rakhA gyaa| ApakI mAtRbhASA "hindI' rahI haiM 21 varSa kI Ayu meM Apane 9 julAI, 1967 ko 'muni-dIkSA' dhAraNa kii| Apake 'dIkSA-guru' AcArya mahAvIrakIrti jI the| san 1972 meM Apako 'gaNadhara-pada' evaM 1980 meM Apako 'AcArya-pada' pradAna kiyA gyaa| taba se deza ke vibhinna nagaroM evaM gA~voM meM Apa nirantara vihAra kara rahe haiN| AcArya vardhamAna sAgara jI vartamAna meM AcArya zAMtisAgara (dakSiNa) kI paramparA meM pada para pratiSThita pA~cave AcArya vardhamAna sAgara kA janma 'sanAvada' (madhyapradeza) meM huA thaa| Apake pitAjI kA nAma kamalacandra jI thaa| Apane bI.e. prathama varSa taka zikSA prApta kii| Apane 'zrImahAvIra jI' meM phAlguna zukla aSTamI vi. saM. 2025 meM AcArya dharmasAgara jI se 'muni-dIkSA' prApta kI thii| Apa para kitane hI upasarga Ate rhe| eka bAra ApakI A~khoM kI jyoti bhI calI gaI thii| lekina ApakI apUrva jinendra-bhakti se A~khoM kI jyoti punaH A gii| yaha eka camatkAra hI thaa| graMthoM kA svAdhyAya, lekhana evaM pravacana meM Apako vizeSa dakSatA prApta ho gaI hai| AcArya ajitasAgara jI ke samAdhimaraNa ke pazcAt Apako 'AcArya-pada' para pratiSThita kiyA gyaa| AcArya banane ke pazcAt Apane dakSiNa-bhArata meM vihAra kiyaa| varSa 1993 meM Apane bhagavAn bAhubali gommaTezvara ke mahAmastakAbhiSeka meM lAkhoM bhaktoM ko AzIrvAda diyaa| vartamAna meM AcArya varddhamAna sAgara jI rAjasthAna meM vihAra kara rahe haiN| upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI mahArAja - upAdhyAya jJAnasAgara jI kA janma 'murainA' (madhyapradeza) meM vaizAkha zuklA dvitIyA ke zubhadina huaa| unake pitA kA nAma zAMtilAla evaM mAtA kA nAma azarphI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00147

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bAI hai| bAlyajIvana se hI nivRtti kI ora unakI abhiruci rahI / sAdhuoM kI saMgati unheM acchI lagatI thii| 'umeza' inake ghara kA nAma thA / saMgIta meM unakI bahuta ruci thii| sAmAnya - zikSA prApta karane ke pazcAt jayapura (rAjasthAna) meM saMskRta kA uccaadhyayana kiyaa| 17 maI san 1974 ko Apane 'kSullaka dIkSA' AcArya kuMthUsAgara jI se prApta kI aura ekAkI vihAra karane lage / ApakA kSullaka - jIvana kaThora tapasyA se yukta rhaa| aneka upasarga Ate rahe, lekina kabhI Apane asantoSa prakaTa nahIM kiyaa| isI avasthA meM AcArya vidyAsAgara jI mahArAja ke sAnnidhya meM aaye| AcAryazrI Apake jIvana se bar3e prasanna rahe / kSullaka - avasthA meM unakA nAma 'kSullaka guNasAgara' rakhA gayA / 13 varSa paryanta saMgha meM rahakara jaina-graMthoM kA viziSTa adhyayana karane ke pazcAt Apako AcAryazrI sumatisAgara jI ne 'muni dIkSA' evaM 'upAdhyAya-pada' pradAna kiyaa| upAdhyAya banane ke pazcAt Apa nirantara 10 varSoM taka uttarapradeza, rAjasthAna, bihAra evaM hariyANA ke vibhinna gA~voM meM vihAra karake deza meM ahiMsA, jainadharma kA pracAra kara rahe haiN| niSkarSa uparokta vivaraNa se spaSTa hai ki mahAvIra svAmI kI mRtyu ke pazcAt jainadharma va samAja aneka utAra-car3hAvoM se gujarA hai| jainadharma ko dhArmika kSetra meM nirantara AdhyAtmika-netRtva kI AvazyakatA pdd'ii| mahAvIra svAmI ke pazcAt lagabhaga 700 varSa taka vibhinna gaNadharoM va AcAryoM ne jaina samAja ko sAmAjika, dhArmika evaM dArzanika netRtva pradAna kiyaa| madhyakAla meM digambara muniyoM va AcAryoM ke abhAva ke kAraNa jaina - saMskRti ke vighaTana kI cunautI utpanna ho gaI thii| aisI nAjuka sthiti meM bhaTTAraka-saMsthA kA janma huA, jo 19vIM sadI ke anta taka prabhAvazAlI bhUmikA nibhAtI rhii| bIca meM vikrama saMvat kA 17vIM zatAbdI ke antima varSoM meM bhaTTArakoM ke viruddha vidroha ne digambara jaina samAja ko do bhAgoM kramazaH 'bIsapaMthI' va 'terApaMthI' meM vibhAjita kara diyaa| nyUnAdhika rUpa se 20vIM sadI meM Aja taka bhaTTAraka-saMsthA vidyamAna avazya hai, kintu prabhAvahIna ho cukI hai| 20vIM sadI ko sAdhuoM, muniyoM va AcAryoM kI sadI kahA jAye, to koI atizayokti nahIM hogI / 20vIM sadI digambara jaina samAja ke utthAna kI sadI rahI hai| isa daurAna jainadharma, darzana va saMskRti kA adbhuta vikAsa huA hai| prAcIna mandiroM kA punaruddhAra, naye mandiroM kA nirmANa, mUrtiyoM kI sthApanA, paMcakalyANaka mahotsava Adi kI anavarata dhArA pravAhita ho rahI hai| digambara jaina sa -samAja ke aneka jAgaruka saMgaThana, sAhityakAra, patrakAra vibhinna patra-patrikAoM, sAhityika kRtiyoM Adi ke dvArA apane samAja va dharma ke utthAna meM saMlagna haiN| - 00 148 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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19- 20vIM zatAbdI meM digambara jaina samAja kI sthiti kA avalokana bhArata meM svataMtratA-saMgrAma kA bigula 1857 meM baja gayA thA, parantu usako aMgrejoM ne 'gadara' kA nAma dekara dabA diyaa| usake bAda kAMgresa kI sthApanA 1885 meM huI, jisake dvArA deza ko svataMtra karAne kI gatividhiyA~ calanA prArambha huiiN| isameM jaina - samAja ne agrasara hokara apanA sakriya sahayoga diyaa| deza ke pratyeka kSetroM se hajAroM kAryakarttA jela meM gaye va apane jIvana kA balidAna diyaa| san 1901 meM kAlA - pAnI kI sajA pAne vAle, jitane loga aMDamAna-nikobAra meM the, unameM 49 jaina the| digambara jaina mahAsabhA kI sthApanA : 1895 meM digambara jaina mahAsabhA kI sthApanA ho gaI thI, jisameM usa samaya ke agraNI netAoM evaM vidvAnoM ne apanA sahayoga denA prArambha kiyaa| prathama sabhApati mathurA ke seTha lakSmaNadAsa jI manonIta huye| samAcAra patra 'jaina gajaTa' prArambha kiyA gyaa| 'digambara jaina mahAsabhA' dvArA anekoM mahattvapUrNa kArya huye haiN| unhoMne digambara jaina samAja kI rakSA ke liye agrasara hokara kArya kiye haiN| digambara jaina tIrthoM kI rakSA, mUrtiyoM kI surakSA, prAcIna mandiroM ke jIrNoddhAra, AcArya evaM munirAjoM ke vihAra va unake liye sabhI prakAra kI vyavasthA karAne meM apanA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna diyaa| 'jaina gajaTa' ke sampAdaka bairisTara campatarAya jI bahuta samaya taka rhe| isake adhyakSa sAhU salekacandra jI, bairisTara campatarAya jI, seTha hukumacandrajI, zrI bhAgacandra jI sonI, zrI rAjakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla, zrI bha~varalAla bAkalIvAla, zrI cAMdamala pAMDyA, zrI lakSmIcanda chAbar3A Adi ke nAma ullekhanIya haiN| san 1981 meM koTA - adhivezana meM zrI nirmalakumAra seThI adhyakSa manonIta huye, taba se ve nirantara adhyakSa cale A rahe haiN| DaoN. TI.sI. koThArI ke netRtva meM digambara jaina tIrtha- saMrakSaNI mahAsabhA ke dvArA vigata 20 varSoM meM jo mukhya kArya kiye gaye haiM, unakA saMkSipta vivaraNa nimnAnusAra haiM (1) sarvaprathama 6 sAla taka mahAmaMtrI ke rUpa meM eka samaya yojanA kA vrata lekara deza ke hara prAnta meM va kaI jilA samitiyoM kA gaThana karake saMgaThana ko majabUta banAkara hamAre sadasya banAye / (2) hara varSa meM 2-3 prAntIya va akhila bhAratIya stara ke sammelana va zivira lagAye evaM sAhitya - nirmANa kraayaa| (3) tIrtha kSetroM va prAcIna maMdiroM ke jIrNoddhAra kA sAre bhArata meM kAma kiyaa| kAma kA vistAra hAne ke bAda tIrtha- saMrakSaNI mahAsabhA kA kAma kiyaa| ( 4 ) eka karor3a kA dhruvakAMDa-sabhA kI Arthika majabUtI ke liye jamA kiyaa| (5) kamboDiyA ke aMgakora sthita paMcameru ke jaina maMdiroM kA tathA videzoM meM jainadharma ke prasAra kA patA lagAne ke liye aura yugAnurUpa pracAra ke liye bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha DO 149

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(8) vidvAnoM ko lekara gye| (6) U.S.A. va U.K. kI yAtrAoM va paMca-kalyANaka va vizvajaina-sammalenoM meM bhAga liyaa| (7) mahAsabhA ke zatAbdI-varSa meM hareka prAnta meM sammAna samAroha Ayojita karake vidvAnoM va pratiSThita samAjasevakoM va kAryakartAoM ko sammAna-patra bheMTa kiye| AcArya varddhamAna sAgarajI ko paMcamapaTTAdhIza banAkara sAre bhArata meM gommaTezvara kalazAbhiSeka ke avasara para unakA vihAra karAne meM yogadAna kiyaa| (9) jainagaz2aTa, jaina-mahilAdarza evaM jaina-bAlAdarza jaisI pratiSThita patrikAoM kA prakAzana prArambha kiyA evaM inakA sadasyatA-abhiyAna claayaa| (10) tIrthoM ke jIrNoddhAra ke liye adhyakSa zrI seThI jI ne 2 varSa takaM sAre vyavasAya ko chor3akara pUrA samaya lagAkara lAkhoM rupaye kA jIrNoddhAra ke liye dAna dilAkara nirmANa kArya kraayaa| usa samaya samAja kI sthiti : usa samaya digambara jaina samAja atyanta rUr3hivAdI, karmakANDoM meM lipta thA aura zikSA se vaMcita thaa| jAti-prathA aura sAmpradAyikatA logoM kI nasa-nasa meM vyApta thI, loga presa meM chape graMthoM ko chUnA taka pApa samajhate the| kisI kA jAti se bahiSkRta kara denA mAmUlI bAta thI, samAja meM bAla-vivAhoM kA pracalana thA, bahuta kama umra kI jo lar3akiyA~ vidhavA ho jAtI thIM, unake punarvivAha kI samAja meM mAnyatA nahIM thii| sAdhAraNa kAraNoM se hI jAti se bahiSkRta kara dene ke kAraNa 'dassA samAja' kA janma huaa| jinheM mandiroM meM darzana, pUjana se vaMcita kara diyA jAtA thA va birAdarI meM sammilita nahIM hone diyA jAtA thaa| javAna yA bar3I umra meM marane para samasta gA~vavAloM ko bhojana karAnA, riztedAroM va parivAravAloM meM miSThAna va pAritoSika vitaraNa karanA anivArya thA, karja lekara bhI karanA par3atA thaa| digambara-jaina-samAja kI upajAtiyoM meM vivAhoM Adi ko 'dharma-viruddha' kahakara samAja ko aneka upajAtiyoM meM bA~Ta rakhA thaa| vivAha ke avasara para nAcanevAliyoM Adi ko samArohoM meM bulAne jaise ADambarapUrNa kAryoM para anApa-zanApa vyaya ho rahA thaa| bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala kI sthApanA : san 1892 meM vardhA (mahA.) meM 'jaina-sabhA' ke nAma se saMsthA kA gaThana huA, jisameM aneka sudhAravAdI kAryakartA sammilita huye| san 1899 meM 'jaina yaMgamaina esosiyazana' kI sthApanA jAti va sampradAya ke bheda ko gauMNa karake samasta jaina-samAja ke AdhAra para gaThita huI, jisakA prathama adhivezana rAyabahAdura sultAnasiMha jI kI adhyakSatA meM huaa| dhIre-dhIre deza ke sabhI kSetroM ke mahAnubhAva isameM sammilita hone lge| kucha samaya bAda isakA nAma 'oNla iNDiyA jaina esosiyazana' kara diyA gayA, Aja yaha saMsthA 00150 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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'bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala' ke nAma se kArya kara rahI hai| 'jaina-jagat' isakA mukhya samAcAra-patra hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 2500vAM nirvANa-mahotsava ko manAne kI preraNA isa saMsthA dvArA hI dI gii| isameM samAja ke agraNI AcAryoM kA sahayoga prApta huaa| bambaI prAMtika sabhA kI sthApanA : lagabhaga 90 varSa pUrva huye seTha mANakacanda jI, mumbaI nivAsI ne 'mumbaI digambara jaina prAMtika sabhA' kI sthApanA kI va samAcAra-patra 'jainamitra' kA prakAzana Arambha kiyaa| digambara jainapariSad kI sthApanA : jaina bimba-pratiSThA ke avasara para dillI meM dinAMka 26 janavarI, 1923 ko zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA kA adhivezana 'zrI khaNDelavAla sabhA' ke maMDapa meM ho rahA thaa| zrImAn sAhU jugamundara dAsa jI ne 'jaina gajaTa' ke saMpAdaka ke liye sva. bAbU campatarAyajI kA nAma peza kiyA, isakA samarthana bAbU nirmalakumAra jI ne kiyA; kintu kucha sajjanoM ne mAnanIya bairisTara jI (jo mahAsabhA ke sabhApati pada ko suzobhita kara cuke the, aura jinhoMne apane sabhApatitva meM mahAsabhA kI zlAghanIya sevAyeM kI thIM) ko ayogya zabda kahe jinase jhalakatA thA ki ve bairisTara jI ko jaina-dharma kA azraddhAlu pramANita kara rahe haiN| isa ayogya bartAva se anekoM janoM kA mana mahAsabhA ke adhivezana meM sammilita hone se udAsa ho gyaa| isI kAraNa ve loga rAta ko mahAsabhA kI sabajaikTa kameTI meM sammilita na hokara sAmAjika unnati tathA dharma-pracAra ke liye anya saMgaThana kA vicAra karane meM laga gye| ina sajjanoM kI dUsare dina, 27 janavarI, ko sabhA huii| dillI meM 27 janavarI, 1923 ko rAyasAhaba bAbU pyArelAla jI vakIla ke ghara meM eka sAtha baiThakara sabhA AmaMtrita kara nizcita huA ki isa sabhA ke sabhApati rAyabahAdura tAjirulamulka seTha mANikacanda jI, jhAlarApATana sarvasammati se nirvAcita kiyA jaaye| seTha sAhaba ne sabhApati kA Asana grahaNa kiyaa| tatpazcAt nimnalikhita prastAva sarvasammati se nirNita huye - 1. digambara jainadharma ke pracAra aura jaina-samAja kI unnati ke uddezya se 'bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina-pariSad' ke nAma se saMsthA sthApita kI jaaye| 2. rAyabahAdura tAjirulamulka seTha mANikacanda jI isa pariSad ke sabhApati nirvAcita kiye jaayeN| zrIyUta bairisTara campatarAyajI maMtrI aura ratanalAla jI bijanaura aura bAbU bajitaprasAda jI vakIla, lakhanaU sahamaMtrI aura zrIyuta lAlA devIdAsa jI (sabhApati sthAnIya jaina sabhA lakhanaU) koSAdhyakSa niyukta kiye jaayeN| isa pariSad kA eka pAkSika mukhapatra 'vIra' hindI meM prakAzita kiyA jaaye| sau se adhika mahAzayoM ne isa pariSad kA sadasya honA svIkAra kiyA aura sUcI para hastAkSara kara diyA, taba se yaha saMsthAna sudhAra vicAradhArA ko lekara pragati-patha para cala rahI hai| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00151

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jabalapura kANDa : san 1958 meM digambara jaina samAja ko jabalapura kANDa ne cetAvanI dI ki 'jAgo aura apane astitva kI rakSA karo, anyathA miTa jAoge / ' isa cetAvanI evaM kANDa ke phalasvarUpa apraila 1959 meM dillI meM sakala digambara jaina - samAja kA adhivezana Ayojita kiyA gayA, jisameM mahAsabhA, pariSad, vidvadpariSad, tIrthakSetra-kameTI Adi saMsthAoM ke sabhI agraNIya mahAnubhAvoM evaM vidvAnoM ne bhAga liyaa| sabhI mahAnubhAvoM kA hRdaya jabalapura kANDa se duHkhI thA, sabhI kI bhAvanA thI ki samAja saMgaThita ho va tIrthoM kI rakSA kI jAye evaM jaina evaM saraseTha bhAgacandra sonI jI kI adhyakSatA meM huA va svAgatAdhyakSa sva. lAlA rAjendra kumAra jaina jI the| sabhI kI tIvra bhAvanA thI ki samAja kI ekatA ko kAyama rakhakara hI apriya ghaTanAoM kA mukAbalA kreN| mahAsabhA ke niyama naM. 9 ko nikAla diyA jAye, pariSad ko samApta kara usake sabhI sadasya mahAsabhA meM vilIna kara, kevala mahAsabhA hI samasta samAja kA sAmAjika netRtva kare, kintu samAja kA durbhAgya ki mahAsabhA niyama naM. 9 ko pRthak karane ko taiyAra nahIM huii| isake niyamAnusAra jaina upajAtiyoM meM vivAha tathA vidhavA ke samarthana karane vAle mahAsabhA ke sadasya nahIM ho sakate the| 'jabalapura kANDa' digambara jaina mandiroM kI mUrtiyoM ko khaNDita karane para huA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa - mahotsava manAne kA nirNaya : san 1969 meM A. bhA. digambara jaina pariSad ne AcArya vidyAnaMda jI munirAja ke sAnnidhya meM digambara jaina samAja kI akhila bhAratIya saMsthAoM ke pratinidhiyoM kA sammelana sahAranapura meM bulAyA, jisakI adhyakSatA sva. seTha bhAgacanda jI sonI ne kI / sammelana meM sabhI saMsthAoM ke pramukha mahAnubhAvoM evaM vidvAnoM ne bhAga lekara nirNaya kiyA ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 2500vAM nirvANa mahotsava samasta digambara jaina- samAja milakara mnaaye| isa nirNaya ke AdhAra para mahotsava deza-bhara meM vizAlarUpa se manAye gaye, jisase sampUrNa samAja suparicita hI hai| isa mahotsava se samAja kI ekatA, saMgaThana kI zakti kA paricaya bhI prApta huA / 'digambara jaina mahAsamiti' ke gaThana kA vicAra : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke nirvANa - mahotsava para arjita sAmAjika zakti, saMgaThana ko banAye rakhane ke vicAra se dillI meM san 1975 meM eka sammelana bulAyA gayA, jisameM sabhI saMsthAoM ke pratinidhi zAmila huye| sabhI kI eka hI bhAvanA thI ki jo samAja kI ekatA va saMgaThana kI zakti banI rahe, use banAye rakhA jaaye| ise racanAtmaka mor3a dekara jIvita rakhA jaaye| yaha bhI sujhAva AyA ki digambara jaina samAja kI donoM pramukha saMsthAoM - mahAsabhA aura pariSad ko milAkara 'digambara jaina mahAsamiti' kA gaThana mahAsabhA va pariSad saMsthA ke vilIna hone para hI kiyA jaaye| kucha samaya bAda yaha spaSTa huA ki 'mahAsabhA' apanA pRthak astitva cAhatI hai, jinake bAda mahAsamiti ke gaThana kA vicAra chor3a diyA gyaa| 00 152 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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pradhAnamaMtrI zrImatI iMdirA gAMdhI se digambara jaina samAja kA eka pratinidhimaNDala sAmAjika samasyAoM ke nirAkaraNa hetu maI 4, 1976 ko milA, pratinidhimaNDala meM sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI seTha bhAgacandra sonI, seTha rAjakumAra siMha kAsalIvAla, zrI lakSmIcanda jI chAbar3A, sAhU zreyAMsa prasAda jI, zrI mizrIlAla gaMgavAla evaM zrI akSayakumAra jaina Adi pramukha the| pradhAnamaMtrI se bheMTa karake vApisa Ane para paraspara sAmAjika carcAoM meM zrI mizrIlAla jI gaMgavAla ne sAhU zAMtiprasAda para jora DAlakara kahA ki " Apa mahAsamiti kA gaThana kareM, hama saba Apake sAtha haiM", kucha Avazyaka vicAra-vimarza ke bAda 'digambara jaina mahAsamiti' ke gaThana kA nirNaya liyA gayA, nirNaya para upasthita mahAnubhAvoM ne hastAkSara kiye, usake bAda jayapura meM aktUbara, 1976 meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa - mahotsava ke samApana ke Ayojita vizAla kAryakrama meM jisameM deza ke sabhI digambara jaina saMsthAoM ke pramukha vyakti sammilita huye, una sabase milakara 'digambara jaina mahAsamiti' kA gaThana kiyA tathA mahAsamiti ke vidhAna ko aMtima rUpa ke liye upasamiti kA gaThana kiyA gyaa| 4 maI, 1976, kI baiThaka meM huye nirNaya ke bAda samAja ko tor3ane, dUSita vAtAvaraNa banAne vAle tattvoM ne antataH sitambara mAha meM hI jinavANI kA anAdara, jala-pravAha, jalAnA Adi kArya zurU kiye gaye, jisase sampUrNa jaina- samAja ciMtita huaa| taba khuraI (ma.pra.) ke zrImaMta seTha RSabhakumAra jI evaM kalakattA ke seTha zrI pannAlAla evaM ratanalAla gaMgavAla jI ne apane sadprayAsoM se digambara jaina samAja kI a.bhA. saMsthAoM ke padAdhikAriyoM tathA anya pramukha mahAnubhAvoM kI svIkRti prApta kara eka sArvajanika apIla prakAzita kI, jisameM sabhI ne isa kArya ko nidaMnIya mAnA / AcAryazrI vidyAnanda jI munirAja ne bhI isa kANDa kA virodha kiyA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa mahotsava ke samApana samAroha, aktUbara, 1976, meM jayapura meM sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI ke pratinidhiyoM ne bhI bhAga liyaa| upasthiti mahAnubhAvoM ke hRdaya meM jinavANI ke prati gahana pIr3A thii| sabhI ne apane-apane vicAra vyakta kara isa kArya kI ghora niMdA kI tathA bhaviSya meM aise niMdanIya kArya na hoM, isake liye apIla kI gaI ki "jinavANI kA prakAzana kisI saMsthAna dvArA ho, vaha samasta samAja ke liye pUjanIya hai|" samaya-samaya para digambara jaina- samAja para ApattiyA~ AtI rahIM, jaise munirAjoM ke vicaraNa va surakSA para, digambara jaina mandiroM kI sampatti Adi para sarakAra kA adhikAra ityAdi apane prayAsoM se nirAkaraNa kiyA gayA va digambara jaina tIrthoM para anadhikAra kabjA karane ke prayAsa kA bhI samAja ne sAmanA kiyaa| sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI kA nidhana : sAmAjika ghaTanAkrama meM jaina-samAja kA vajrapAta huA, kuzala evaM sammAnIya netA sAhU zAMtiprasAdajI kA svargavAsa ho gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 153

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unake svargArohaNa ke pazcAt mahAsamiti kI eka baiThaka 18 disambara, 1977 ko dillI meM Ayojita kI gaI, jisameM adhyakSa kA dAyitva sAhU zreyAMsa prasAdajI ko sauMpA gyaa| unhoMne bar3I lagana se isake kArya kI pragati kii| jisa bhAvanA ko lekara mahAsamiti kA gaThana huA, vaha to pUrNa nahIM huaa| kucha tattva ise zaktizAlI banAne meM bAdhA DAlate rahe, tathA sAmAjika rIti-rivAjoM meM Agama ke nAma para dharma-virodhI hone kA pracAra Adi anekoM kAraNoM se samAja meM vAda-vivAda kA vAtAvaraNa banA diyA gyaa| sAmAjika netRtva karane kI tIvra abhilASA meM kucha logoM ne samAja ko khaNDita karane meM apanA gaurava smjhaa| sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI ne digambara jaina mahAsamiti ke adhyakSa pada kA bhAra zrI ratanalAla gaMgavAla jI ko apane jIvanakAla meM hI sauMpa diyA, kyoMki unakA svAsthya narama cala rahA thaa| abhA. digambara jaina adhivezanoM, sammelanoM, baiThakoM meM sonagar3ha TrasTa evaM paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, jayapura Adi ke pratinidhiyoM ko AmaMtrita kiyA jAtA rahA hai, tathA unake pratinidhi bhAga lete rhe| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa-mahotsava samiti meM bhI unake pratinidhiyoM ko sammilita kiyA gayA tathA unhoMne hara kArya meM bharapUra sahayoga diyA va barAbara sahayoga de rahe haiN| ___ AdhyAtmika satpuruSa kAnajI svAmIjI digambaratattva meM pUrNa zraddhA rakhate the| unhoMne jaba digambara-jainadharma apanAyA, usa samaya virodhiyoM ne nAnAprakAra kI dhamakiyA~ dIM, hamale karane kI yojanA banAI, hamale bhI kiye| yaha jAnakArI prApta hote hI saraseTha hukumacanda jI, sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI va digambara jaina samAja ke prasiddha vidvAnoM va samAja ke agraNI mahAnubhAvoM ne unheM sahayoga diyaa| unhoMne AdhyAtmikatA kA vyApaka pracAra kiyA, anekoM digambara jaina-mandiroM kA nirmANa karAyA, hajAroM parivAroM ne digambara jaina-dharma meM praveza kiyaa| Aja inakI saMsthAoM dvArA deza-videzoM meM vyApaka pracAra ho rahA hai| bar3I saMkhyA meM sAhitya prakAzita hokara ghara-ghara paha~ca rahA hai| svAdhyAya karane kA mArga vyApaka huA, kaI samAcAra prakAzita ho rahe haiN| mumukSa-maNDala sakriya kArya kara rahe haiN| samAja kI anya gatividhiyA~ : AcArya zrI vidyAnaMda jI ne apane dUradarzitA se samaya-samaya para samAja ko TUTane se bacAyA, unake dvArA va AcArya vidyAsAgara jI va anya muni-mahArAjoM, dvArA vyApakarUpa se dharma ke pracAra-prasAra ke kArya cala rahe haiN| dharma jor3atA hai, tor3atA nahIM - isakA saMdeza de rahe haiN| sAmUhika vivAha : vivAhoM meM hone vAle apavyaya ke kAraNa sAmUhika vivAha prAraMbha huye, jisameM sabhI samAjoM ke bandhuoM kA sahayoga prApta huaa| bairisTara jamunAprasAda jI, seTha bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla jI Adi ke netRtva meM sAmUhika vivAhoM ke Ayojana prArambha huye va unhoMne apane baccoM ke vivAha bhI sampanna karAye, Aja anekoM jAtiyoM va saMsthAoM dvArA bhinna-bhinna kSetroM meM Ayojita ho rahe haiM, jisakA 00154 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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lAbha prApta ho rahA hai| gajarathoM kA prArambha paMcakalyANaka mahotvasoM ke sAtha buMdelakhaNDa meM prArambha huA, isameM 'siMghaI' kI padavI prApta karane kA mukhya lakSya hai, isameM bhagavAn ke rathoM ko hAthiyoM se calAyA jAtA hai| - mAlavA - kSetra meM lagabhaga 200 jaina parivAra jo dharma se pichar3a rahe the, saraseTha hukumacanda jI, indaura vAloM kI dUradRSTitA va prayAsa se unheM digambara jainadharma meM praveza karAkara 'vaida gotra' dekara samAja se jor3A gyaa| AcArya samantabhadra jI kI preraNA se mahArASTra, karnATaka Adi pradezoM meM anekoM brahmacarya Azrama, gurukula, chAtrAvAsa kA nirmANa huA, jinameM bar3I saMkhyA meM chAtroM ko dhArmika zikSA prApta karane ke avasara prApta huye| unameM se kaI chAtra Aja ucca padoM para AsIna haiN| mahArASTra, karnATaka, tamilanADu ke gA~voM meM saikar3oM varSoM se digambara jaina bar3I saMkhyA meM rahate haiN| jo kRSi - Adi se apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiN| unake baccoM ke liye yaha gurukula Adi atyanta upayogI sAbita huI, yahA~ ke nivAsI dharma meM zraddhA, jIvana sAdagI ke sAtha nirvAha karate haiN| kucha varSoM taka digambara jaina muni - mahArAjoM kA abhAva rahA hai| bAda meM AcArya zAMtisAgara jI ne apane saMgha ke sAtha adhikAdhika pradezoM kA bhramaNa kara samAja meM dhArmika cetanA paidA kii| unake bhramaNa meM itara samAja ne nAnA prakAra kI bAdhAyeM khar3I kIM, jinakA nivAraNa samAja ne ekajuTa hokara kiyA va saphalatA prApta kii| Aja deza ke pratyeka kSetra meM bar3I saMkhyA meM munigaNoM kA bhramaNa binA kisI bAdhA ke ho rahA hai| AcArya zAMtisAgara jI ke saMgha ke atirikta dUsarA saMgha AdisAgara jI kA bhI hai / Aja isa saMgha ke bhI munigaNa vihAra kara rahe haiN| jaina samAja meM AcArya vidyAnanda jI va AcArya vidyAsAgara kA pramukha sthAna hai| - bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa - mahotsava para AcArya vidyAnanda jI kI preraNA va AzIrvAda se samasta jaina samAjoM kI mAnyatA prApta 'jaina pratIka', pA~ca raMga dhvaja evaM samaNagraMtha kI jaina kI dena eka aitihAsika nirNaya huye haiN| dakSiNa- bhArata jaina-sabhA sAMgalI (mahA.) kI prasiddha saMsthA hai, jisake dvArA pUnA se lekara kolhApura, belagA~va Adi kSetroM meM mahattvapUrNa kArya huye haiN| inakA samAcAra-patra 'jainabodhaka' sau varSa se adhika se prakAzita hotA hai, samprati isakI saMpAdikA sau. sarayU daphtarI jI haiN| yaha saMsthA aba bhI sakriya kArya kara rahI hai| isa saMsthA ne sAMgalI meM 1964 meM ' bhArata jaina - mahAmaNDala' kA vizAla adhivezana karAyA, jisameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA 2500vAM nirvANa - mahotsava manAne kA nirNaya kiyA gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha OO 155

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- bra. zItalaprasAda jI ne 'sarAka-jAti' meM digambara jaina-dharma meM unakI AsthA banAne ke kArya karane kI preraNA dI, jisake kAraNa dharma se vimukha huI yaha jAti, jo anya dharma ko aMgIkAra kara sakatI thI, use bacAkara digambara jainadharma meM praveza karAne ke kArya ko prArambha kraayaa| Aja yaha pracAra vyApaka rUpa se cala rahA hai va saphalatA prApta ho rahI hai| sarAka jAti adhikatara bihAra-pradeza meM nivAsa karatI hai| digambara jaina-tIrthakSetra kameTI ko zaktizAlI banAne ke liye AcArya samantabhadra jI kI preraNA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| tIrthoM para cale rahe vivAdoM ke kesa Aja bhI adAlatoM meM cala rahe haiM, jinameM samAja ko saphalatA prApta ho rahI hai| Aja samAja apane tIrthoM va mandiroM kI rakSA ke liye jAgaruka hai| digambara jaina-tIrthoM ko kameTI dvArA Arthika sahayoga diyA jAtA hai| jainadharma kA pramukha graMtha 'dhavalA' kA prakAzana seTha zitAbarAya lakSmIcanda jI jaina, vidizA dvArA prathama bAra kraayaa| bahuta bar3I saMkhyA meM hastalikhita mahattvapUrNa graMtha alamAriyoM meM banda par3e huye haiM, unake prakAzana ke liye prayAsa prArambha huye, jinameM Aja saikar3oM graMthoM kA prakAzana ho cukA hai| syAdvAda mahAvidyAlaya, vArANasI, gaNezaprasAda varNI vidyAlaya, sAgara, mahAvidyAlaya kAraMjA (mahA.) jaina gurukula zrI hastinApura jI, murainA kA prasiddha mahAvidyAlaya, mahArASTra va karnATaka pradezoM meM kaI mahattvapUrNa vidyAlayoM, saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura, aise mahattvapUrNa vidyAlaya huye, jinake dvArA samAja meM anekoM, ucca-koTi ke vidvAna taiyAra kiye haiN| Aja isa kArya meM ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa dvArA bhI vidyAlaya cala rahA hai, jahA~ anekoM chAtroM ko ucca-koTi ke vidvAn taiyAra karate haiN| isake atirikta anya vidyAlayoM meM bhI zikSA prApta karane vAle chAtroM ko vidvAn banAyA jAtA hai| digambara jaina-samAja meM mahilA-pariSadoM kI sthApanA huI hai| a.bhA. saMsthAoM dvArA mahilA vibhAga gaThita kara unake dvArA vyApaka rUpa se samAja meM agrasara hokara kArya kara rahI haiN| samAja meM rAtri-bhojana kA calana nahIM thA, samasta samAja dina meM bhoja karatA thA, jisakI chApa itara-samAjoM para par3I huI thii| durbhAgya se Aja vaha sthiti nahIM hai| rAtri-bhojana sAmUhika rUpa se ho rahe haiM, jo dharma-viruddha haiN| samAja ko isa para ciMtana kara dina meM hI sAmUhika bhojana karane kI vyavasthA karanI caahiye| dhanI varga ko vizeSa dhyAna denA caahiye| hamArA isa dizA meM sAdhu-samAja jaldI sudhAra lA sakate haiN| 00156 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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samAja ke digambara jainadharma kI pragati va rakSA ke liye jisa dUradarzitA se dina-rAta lagana ke sAtha pUjya bra. zItalaprasAda jI ne jo kArya kiye, use samAja hajAroM varSa yAda rkhegaa| unhoMne anekoM prakAra kI kaThinAiyoM ko bhI sahana kiyA, hamAre pAsa zabda nahIM haiM, jo unake prati zraddhA ke sumana arpita kiyA jA skeN| bhArata ke svataMtratA ke bAda bhArata meM bhinna-bhinna dharmoM ke mAnanevAloM kI jAnakArI hetu zAsakIya janagaNanA meM jo kaoNlama darzAyI haiM, unameM jainadharma ko pRthak sthAna diyA gayA hai, jisameM kevala 'jaina' likhavAnA anivArya hai| jainadharma ko mAnane vAle anekoM upajAtiyA~, gotra apane nAma ke sAtha ullekha karate haiM, isakAraNa vyApakarUpa se pracAra-prasAra kiyA gayA ki kaoNlama meM kevala 'jaina' hI likhvaayeN| jaina eka karor3a se adhika haiM, parantu zAsakIya janagaNanA meM kevala lagabhaga 40 lAkha kI saMkhyA AtI hai| isakA kAraNa hai ki jainiyoM ko hindU ke kaoNlama meM aMkita kara diyA jAtA hai| hamAre kAryakarttA unake sAtha lagakara jaina likhavAne ke liye sakriya hokara kArya nahIM karate haiN| jainiyoM kI bar3I saMkhyA Aye, isakA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra honA cAhiye tathA Avazyaka kArya lagana se ho, yaha atiAvazyaka hai| zikSA - prApti ke liye jaina samAja dvArA anekoM kaoNlija, hAyara sekenDarI skUla, miDilaskUla, garlsa hAIskUla, pAThazAlAyeM Adi lagabhaga 400 se adhika isa deza ke pratyeka kSetroM meM cala rahe haiM, jinameM bar3I saMkhyA meM chAtra-chAtrAyeM zikSA prApta karatI haiN| jaina-samAja kI gatividhiyoM kI jAnakArI hetu evaM jainadharma ke pracAra- prasAra ke kArya ko pragati dene ke liye lagabhaga 200 jaina patra-patrikAyeM Aja prakAzita ho rahI haiM, jinake dvArA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra hotA hai, inameM kucha samAcAra-patra akhila bhAratIya saMsthAoM se jur3e huye haiN| bhArata ke svataMtratA ke pazcAt svadezI vastuoM ko upayoga meM lAne kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra huaa| videzI vastroM kA tyAga evaM svadezI vastroM ko grahaNa kiyA, pUjA-sthaloM meM jo videzI vastroM kA upayoga hotA thA, usake sthAna para svadezI vastroM ko sthAna diyA gyaa| - - samasta digambara jaina- samAja paricita hai ki digambara jaina muni saMgha kA abhAva muslima zAsana meM huaa| usa samaya bhaTTAraka- paddhati prArambha huI thii| bhaTTAraka - mahArAjoM ne apane gaddI sthApita kI, jisake sAtha jamIMdArI Adi bhI unheM prApta huii| unhoMne bar3I saMkhyA meM prAcIna graMthoM va bahumUlya mUrtiyoM kI surakSA kii| Aja jina sthAnoM para yaha gaddiyA~ zobhAyamAna hai, unameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha OO 157

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zravaNabelagolA, jahA~ bhagavAna bAhubali kI vizAla mUrti sthApita hai, jisameM abhiSeka ke do bAra vizAla Ayojana ho cuke haiN| ve mUDabidrI, humacA, kolhApura kI gaddiyA~ apanA pramukha sthAna rakhatI haiN| sabhI bhaTTArakoM dvArA samAja ke pratyeka kAryakramoM meM pUrA sahayoga prApta hotA rahatA hai| mUDabidrI meM 'siddhAntabasadi' meM hIre-panne Adi kI bahumUlya mUrtiyA~ surakSita haiN| mahAvIra-jayaMtI manAne kA prArambha : dillI kI prasiddha saMsthA 'jaina-mitra-maNDala' dvArA bhagavAn kA janma-divasa manAyA jAnA prArambha huA, usake pazcAt bhArata meM anekoM saMsthAoM dvArA yaha divasa manAne kA kArya prArambha ho gyaa| Aja koI aisA kSetra nahIM, jahA~ yaha divasa manAyA nahIM jAtA ho| isa divasa para vizAla zobhAyAtrAyeM nikAlI jAtI haiN| samAroha meM deza ke rAjanItijJa, zAsakIya adhikArI, maMtrIgaNa, sAdhu-sAdhvI, vidvAnoM ke atirikta hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM bhAI-bahana sammilita hote haiN| kendra sarakAra va prAdezika sarakAroM dvArA sArvajanika avakAza rahate haiN| mahAvIra-jayaMtI para kendra sarakAra dvArA avakAza ghoSita : svataMtratA ke bAda sabase prathama banI lokasabhA evaM rAjyasabhA meM jaina-samAja ke 22 sadasya the, unhoMne milakara usake atirikta jaina-samAja ke anya agraNIya vyaktiyoM ko lekara 'Ala iMDiyA mahAvIra jayaMtI kameTI' ke nAma se saMsthA gaThita kI, jisake dvArA prativarSa vizAla Ayojana hone prArambha huye, jinameM rASTrapati, pradhAnamaMtrI va anya maMtrIgaNoM ke atirikta samAja ke pramukha AcArya munigaNa, vidvAn va bar3I saMkhyA meM samAjasevI sammilita hote rhe| isa samiti ke tattvAvadhAna meM bhagavAn mahAvIra ke janmadina ke liye sArvajanika avakAza karAne kI mA~ga ko lekara barAbara pratinidhimaNDala gRhamaMtrI va pradhAnamaMtrI jI se milate rhe| kendrIya sarakAra dvArA avakAza ghoSita karane ke pazcAt isa samiti ko banda kara diyA gyaa| dillI ke rAmalIlA maidAna meM isa sambandha meM vizAla Ayojana isI kameTI ne hI kiyA thaa| baccoM meM naitika-zikSA : pichale kucha varSoM se baccoM meM naitika-zikSA dene ke liye pracAra-prasAra kiyA jA rahA hai| zikSaNa-ziviroM ke Ayojana meM vidvAnoM dvArA baccoM meM naitika-zikSA dene kA prayAsa cala rahA hai| garmiyoM kI chuTTiyoM meM ziviroM ke Ayojana kiye jAte haiN| pAritoSika yojanAyeM : bhAratIya jJAnapITha dvArA deza kI bhinna-bhinna bhASAoM ke vidvAnoM dvArA jo sAhitya prakAzita hotA hai, unameM se cayana karake yaha saMsthA prativarSa vizAla Ayojana kara unheM sammAnita karatI hai| AcArya vidyAnaMda jI munirAja kI preraNA se jainadharma ke prasiddha vidvAnoM ko bhI bhinna-bhinna viSayoM para sammAnita kiyA jAnA prArambha huA hai| 00158 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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jambUdvIpa kI racanA : tIrthakSetra zrI hastinApura jI meM digambara jaina - trilokasaMsthAna dvArA jambUdvIpa kI vizAla racanA kI gaI hai, jo mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI hai| AryikA jJAnamati jI kI lagana se yaha racanA huI hai| - tIrtharAja zrI sammedazikhara jI kA vivAda: jaina samAja kA tIrtharAja zrI sammedazikhara jI haiN| zvetAmbara jaina samAja ke sAtha pichale 100 varSoM se adhika nyAyAlayoM meM bhinna-bhinna kesa calate A rahe haiN| deza kI svataMtratA se pUrva aMgrejI-ra - rAja meM suprIma korTa landana meM hotI thI, usameM bhI isa vivAda ke liye kesa calA, jisameM bairisTara campatarAya jI ne pairavI karake yaha nirNaya liyA ki digambara jaina AmnAya ke anusAra zrI sammedazikhara jI kI 20 ToMke haiN| kevala pUjA - Adi karane kA samasta jaina samAja ko adhikAra hai / parantu zvetAmbara - samAja una para apanA mAlikAnA haka mAnate rahe haiN| bihAra prAnta ke jilA giriDIha Adi meM isa sambaMdha meM anekoM kesa cala rahe haiN| pichale 5-6 varSa pUrva ina samasta kesoM ko bihAra kI rAMcI hAIkorTa meM eka jagaha kara kesa prArambha kiyaa| anekoM ucca koTi ke eDavokeTa donoM ora se apanI-apanI bahasa karate rhe| pichale 3 varSa huye, rAMcI hAIkorTa dvArA jo nirNaya kiyA, vaha atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai; usake dvArA samasta pahAr3a kA mAlikAnA adhikAra samasta jaina samAja ko diyA gayA hai, va unheM yaha bhI adhikAra diyA ki vaha Apasa meM milakara isakI vyavasthA kreN| aba bihAra sarakAra ne digambara jaina -: -samAja evaM zvetAmbara ( AnaMdajI kalyANajI TrasTa) samAja ke sAtha zAsakIya adhikAriyoM ko milAkara eka vyavasthA samiti kA gaThana kara diyA hai, jisakI dekharekha meM yaha kArya cala rahA hai| isa kArya meM digambara jaina samAja ko jo saphalatA prApta huI, isakA samasta jaina samAja ke saMgaThana ko zreya jAtA hai, jisakA netRttva sAhU azoka kumAra jI kara rahe the| mAMzrI candAbAI jI, ArA : AryikAratna candA mAMzrI kA vivAha 12 varSa kI Ayu meM rAjarSi devakumAra jI, ArA (bihAra), ke laghu - bhrAtA zrI dharmakumAra jI ke sAtha sampanna huaa| vivAha ke eka varSa bAda hI plega ke phailane se dharmakumAra jI kA nidhana ho gyaa| 13 varSa kI alpAyu meM vaha vidhavA ho giiN| bra. zItalaprasAda evaM bhaTTAraka ne mIsAgara jI varNI ke mArgadarzana evaM upadezoM se inhoMne jainadharma ke pramukha - graMthoM kA svAdhyAya karanA prAraMbha kara diyA va apanA sArA jIvana kA samaya unameM vyatIta karane lgiiN| 20 varSa kI Ayu meM ve eka prasiddha viduSI bana giiN| 1907 meM 'ArA kanyA pAThazAlA' sthApita kara usakI dekharekha karate huye adhyayana kA kArya karatI rahIM / digambara jaina - mahilA - pariSad kA gaThana kiyaa| san 1921 meM mahilAzrama kI sthApanA kara usakA nAma 'dharmakuMja' rakhA gyaa| inake isa kArya kA prabhAva deza ke kone-kone meM huA / Azrama meM jaina - bAlAzrama kA bhI prArambha kiyA gyaa| gAMdhIjI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha OO 159

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dvArA calAye gaye khAdI-AMdolana se prerita hokara 40 carakhe Adi kA prazikSaNa chAtroM ko denA prArambha kara diyaa| 1936 meM vidyAlaya meM jinAlaya kA nirmANa huaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUrti evaM mAnastambha Adi ke bhI nirmANa huye| san 1953 meM rASTrapati DaoN. rAjendraprasAda jI ne candAbAI jI kA sammAna kiyaa| 18 julAI 1977 ko inake svargavAsa ke bAda vidyAlaya ke samasta kAryoM kI dekhabhAla zrI subodhakumAra jI, maMtrI pada para rahakara kara rahe haiN| Azrama meM rASTrapitA mahAtmAgAMdhI, DaoN. rAjendraprasAda jI, paM. javAharalAla neharU, subhASacandra bosa, jayaprakAza nArAyaNa, AcArya vinobAbhAve, kAkA kAlekara, bAbU jagajIvanarAma jI, je. bI. kRpalAnI, rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara evaM hajArIprasAda dvivedI Adi samaya-samaya para padhArate rahe haiN| vizvamaitrI-divasa : jaina samAja parvarAja payUSaNa ke pazcAt kSamAvaNI-divasa dhArmika-sthaloM para manAtA rhaa| 1950 meM dillI ke kucha prasiddha vicAroM ne vicAra kiyA ki isa mahattvapUrNa divasa se saMsAra ke vyaktiyoM ko preraNA dI jA sakatI hai; taba unhoMne isa parva kA nAma 'vizvamaitrI-divasa' rakhakara sArvajanika-sabhA Ayojita kI, jisameM samasta jaina-samAja kA samarthana prApta huaa| tatpazcAt AcArya-mahArAjoM ke atirikta munigaNa, sAdhu-sAdhvI, anya dharmoM ke santa, rASTrapati, pradhAnamaMtrI, rAjanItika netA, agraNIya mahAnubhAva tathA bar3I saMkhyA meM bhAI-bahana bhAga lete rhe| Aja yaha divasa sthAna-sthAna para manAyA jAtA hai va samAja kI saMgaThana-zakti kA pratIka bana gayA hai| isakA zreya 'bhArata-jaina-mahAmaNDala' ko jAtA hai| vIrasevA mandira : vIrasevA mandira kI sthApanA paM. jugalakizora jI mukhtAra va bAbU choTelAla jI kalakattAvAloM kI lagana se huii| isakA apanA vizAla bhavana hai, samAcAra-patra bhI prakAzita hotA hai, prAcIna-graMthoM kA bhaNDAra hai| varNI-mahArAjoM kI dena : digambara jaina-samAja varNI-mahArAjoM ko bhUla nahIM sakatI, jinake dvArA mahattvapUrNa kArya huye haiN| pUjya gaNezaprasAda jI varNI ne jo samAja ke kArya kiye, usakA ullekha kaI sthAnoM para kara cuke haiN| zrI sahajAnaMda varNI ne sthAna-sthAna para jAkara AdhyAtmikatA kA pracAra-prasAra kiyA, sAhitya-prakAzana karAyA, meraTha va mujaphpharanagara ko apane kAryoM kA kendra banAyA, unake sAhitya va vicAroM kA pracAra unake samAcAra-patra dvArA ho rahA hai| jinendraprasAda varNI jI ke dvArA mahattvapUrNa sAhitya prakAzita huA hai, jisameM jinendra siddhAntakoza Adi apanA vizeSa sthAna rakhate haiN| ahiMsA-sthala : ahiMsA-sthala kA nirmANa lAla premacanda jI (jainAvaoNca) kI lagana va mehanata kA phala hai| yaha sthAna dillI ke meharaulI-kSetra meM suramya pahAr3I para sthita hai| deza-videza se anekoM loga pratidina yahA~ darzanArtha Ate haiN| yahA~ bhagavAn mahAvIra kI vizAla padmAsana-pratimA mukhya AkarSaNa kA kendra hai| prAkRtikasuSamA se susajjita suvyavasthita-vAtAvaraNa meM yahA~ sAhitya-vikraya-kendra, 00 160 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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auSadhAlaya Adi anekoM kArya niyamitarUpa se saMcAlita haiN| jaina - sAhitya kA prakAzana : bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina saMgha, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, pariSad pabliziMga hAUsa, ahiMsA mandira, vIrasevA mandira evaM TrasTa, zrI gaNezavarNI jaina-graMthamAlA, vizva jaina-mizana, triloka zodha saMsthAna, paM. ToDaramala smAraka TrasTa, digambara jaina tIrthakSetra, zrI mahAvIra jI, vidvat pariSad, vIra - nirvANagraMtha prakAzana-samiti, anekAnta sAhitya pariSad, kunthasAgara svAdhyAya sadana, zrI vItarAga sat - sAhitya prasAraka TrasTa, zrI jaina- saMskRti saMrakSaka- saMgha, jIvarAja jaina-graMthamAlA, kundakunda jJAnapITha, bhArata jaina - mahAmaNDala, jaina bhavana kalakattA, digambara jaina pustakAlaya sUrata, seMTrala pabliziMga hAUsa, kundakunda bhAratI TrasTa, naI dillI, Adi ke dvArA tathA aMgrejI - sAhitya, bairisTara campatarAya jI evaM je. ela. jainI TrasTa Adi se prakAzita huA / inake atirikta anya saMsthAoM dvArA bhI sAhitya prakAzita ho rahA hai| vikalAMgoM kI sahAyatA : bhAratIya vikalAMgoM kI sahAyatA hetu 'bhagavAn mahAvIra vikalAMga-samiti' ke nAma se jayapura meM kArya prArambha huaa| aba yaha saMsthA vizAla rUpa meM kArya kara rahI hai| isakI kaI sthAnoM para zAkhAyeM cala rahI haiN| jinake dvArA hara prakAra se sahayoga diyA jA rahA hai| dharmacakra : bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500veM nirvANa - mahotsava ke upalakSya meM deza ke kone-kone meM dharmacakroM ke bhramaNa karake jo kArya evaM dhArmika - cetanA jagAI, usakI sarAhanA jitanI bhI kI jAye kama hai| isa yojanA ke preraNA-srota AcArya vidyAnaMda jI munirAja the| 'akhila - vizva - jaina- mizana' kI sthApanA : samAja ke prasiddha vidvAn bAbU kAmatAprasAda jI ne jaina - sAhitya ke pracAra ke liye akhila - vizva - jaina- mizana kI sthApanA kI thii| unhoMne isake liye agrasara hokara kArya kiyA, unake nidhana ke bAda kArya meM zithilatA A gii| saMsthA kA nAma cala rahA hai| isakA samAcArapatra bhI prakAzita hotA hai| zodhakArya : anekoM saMsthAoM dvArA zodhakArya ho rahe haiN| prAcIna graMthoM ke prakAzana bhI ho rahe haiN| yaha kArya atyanta mahattvapUrNa hai| jo saMsthAyeM yaha kArya kara rahI haiM, ve badhAI kI pAtra haiN| karmavIra bhAUrAva pATIla : karmaTha kAryakarttA jana- janArdana kI sevA meM samarpita karmavIra bhAUrAva pATIla ne mahArASTra pradeza ke usa kSetra meM kArya kiyA, jahA~ digambara jaina samAja apanA jIvana khetI va sAdagI se vyatIta karatI thI / inake kAryoM kI prazaMsA jitanI kI jAye kama hai| mA~ zrIkauzala jI : kauzala jI kA digambara jaina samAja meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai va apanI vicAradhArA se samAja ko jor3ane, kurItiyoM, ADambaroM se dUra rahane kI bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 161

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preraNA detI A rahI haiN| Apane dillI-meraTha rAjamArga para vizAla mandira-Adi bhavanoM kA nirmANa karAkara sAdhanA-kendra sthApita kiyA hai, usake dvArA gatividhiyA~ cala rahI haiN| jaina-samAja ko sAhU-parivAra kA yogadAna : sAhU salekacanda jI va sAhU jugamundaradAsa jI va unake parivAra ke anya mahAnubhAva prArambha se samAja kI gatividhiyoM meM sakriya sahayoga dete rahe haiN| usake bAda sAhU zreyAsaMprasAda jI, sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI ne vyApakarUpa se sahayoga diyA va unake bAda sAhU azokakumAra jI, sAhU, ramezacandra jI kA samAja ko sahayoga prApta haiM san 1932 meM jaina-sTUDenTa kAMphresa bAbU lAlacanda jaina, eDavokeTa, rohataka, kI adhyakSatA meM zrI hastinApura jI meM Ayojita huii| isa samaya sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI meraTha kaoNleja meM zikSA prApta kara rahe the| unhoMne apane anya sAthiyoM ke sAtha maMca para Akara vivAhoM meM hone vAlI mA~ga ke viruddha vicAra vyakta kiye va svayaM mA~ga na karane kI zapatha lii| deza ke prasiddha udyogapatiyoM meM zrI rAmamizana DAlamiyA jI kA pramukha sthAna hai| unakI suputrI zrImatI ramA jaina ke sAtha sAhU zAMtiprasAda kA vivAha hone ke bAda kalakatte nivAsa karane lge| sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI lAhaura rahate the| unheM dezadrohI ghoSita kara diyA thA, taba ve lAhaura chor3akara mumbaI cale gaye the| DAlamiyA nagara (bihAra) meM kAgaja, sImeMTa, cInI ityAdi anekoM prakAra kI phaikTriyA~ kArya karatI thiiN| ina sabako sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI dekhate the| isake atirikta prakAzana vibhAga 'baneTa kolamaina eNDa kaM. li.' Adi mahattvapUrNa phaikTriyoM ke mAlika ho gye| udhara mumbaI meM sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI ne kaI mahattvapUrNa phaikTriyA~ sthApita kii| jaina-samAja kI pramukha saMsthA 'bhArata-jaina-mahAmaNDala' meM donoM sAhU ne agrasara hokara sahayoga diyaa| 1942 I. meM sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI kI adhyakSatA meM kAnapura meM digambara jaina-pariSad kA vizAla adhivezana huaa| taba se ve pariSad se barAbara jur3e rhe| sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI san 1950 meM dillI meM adhivezana ke adhyakSa bne| pariSad ko ina donoM mahAnubhAvoM kA sakriya sahayoga prApta hotA rhaa| jaina-samAja, vizeSakara digambara jaina-samAja, kA koI aisA pramukha kArya nahIM, jisameM inakA agrasara hokara sahayoga nahIM ho| tIrthoM kI rakSA, jIrNoddhAra kAryoM para vizeSa dhyAna diyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 2500 veM nirvANa-mahotsava ko jisa vizAlarUpa se manAne ke kAryakrama bane, unameM inakA sabase adhika yoga hai, jisase sArA jaina-samAja paricita hai| jaina-samAja ke saMgaThana ko bar3I zakti prApta huii| kailAzadeva bhagavAn AdinAtha nirvANa-sthalI : prasiddha tIrtha badrInAtha meM AdinAtha AdhyAtmika ahiMsA phAunDezana, indaura dvArA vizAlarUpa se nirmANakArya huA hai| AcArya vidyAnaMda jI munirAja badrInAtha jI kI yAtrA karane ke bAda ghoSaNA kI thI ki "isa mandira jI meM jo mUrti hai, vaha bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI hai|" usake pazcAt yaha samasta kArya prArambha huaa| 00162 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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zAstrI - pariSad : paM. lAlabahAdura zAstrI evaM paM. bAbUlAla jamAdAra ke prayatnoM se zAstrI pariSad kA gaThana huaa| usa samaya jina vidvAnoM se inake apane vyaktigata sambandha the, unheM sammilita kara kArya prArambha kara diyA gyaa| bAda meM anya vidvAn bhI isameM sammilita huye| Aja yaha saMsthA apanA kArya kara rahI hai| vidvat-pariSad : a. bhA. digambara jaina vidvat-pariSad kA gaThana zraddheya pUjya gaNezaprasAda jI varNI kI preraNA se huaa| usa samaya ke jo pramukha vidvAn the, usameM sammilita ho gaye, jisake dvArA kaI mahattvapUrNa granthoM kA prakAzana huA hai| paM. jugalakizora mukhtArajI, paM. phUlacanda jI zAstrI, paM. kailAzacanda jI zAstrI, DaoN. hIrAlAla, DA. e. ena. upAdhye, paM. devakInandana jI Adi sabhI ne isakI gatividhayoM meM apanA sakriya sahayoga diyaa| abhI saMsthA ne apanA svarNa jayaMtI samAroha bar3e vizAla rUpa meM manAyA hai| paM. nAthUlAla jI premI, mumbaI, jinhoMne kaThina paristhitiyoM se jaina samAja kI sevA kI, unheM kauna bhulA sakatA hai| samprati DaoN. rAjArAma jaina, isake adhyakSa haiM aura yaha saMsthA ullekhanIya kArya kara rahI hai| ArA, prasiddha audyogika bAlacandra grupa : seTha lAlacanda hIrAcanda dozI parivAra mahArASTra digambara jaina samAja meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatA hai| inake dvArA TaiknIkala kaoNlija cala rahA hai| Apa bhArata jaina mahAmaNDala evaM a. bhA. digambara jaina - tIrthakSetra kameTI ke adhyakSa rhe| Apa rAjyasabhA evaM mumbaI vidhAnasabhA ke sadasya rhe| vyApArika kSetra meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna rhaa| inakI suputrI va suputra bahana sarayU daphtarI Aja mahilA - samAja meM apanA mahattvapUrNa sthAna rakhatI haiM va kaI saMsthAoM kA saMcAlana kara rahI haiN| zrI aravinda dozI tIrthakSetra - kameTI ke mahAmaMtrI pada kA kArya kara rahe haiN| mahArASTra meM 'bAlacanda hIrAcanda grupa' bahuta samaya se prasiddha hai| saraseTha hukumacanda jI : saraseTha hukumacanda jI dvArA indaura meM anekoM adbhuta kArya huye, jinameM kA~ca kA digambara jaina mandira, zIzamahala, atithigRha, nasiyAjI, ghaMTAghara, udAsIna Azrama, indrabhavana, sabhI mahattvapUrNa bhavana haiN| ve pratidina pUjA-arcanA svAdhyAya vidvAnoM dvArA zAstra - pravacana meM bhAga lete the| zikSA ke liye vidyAlaya evaM chAtrAvAsa kA saMcAlana kiyA hai| Apa anekoM padaviyoM se suzobhita the| atithiyoM kA Adara-sammAna karate the / dharmasthala : karnATaka rAjya meM dharmasthala kA eka mahattvapUrNa sthAna hai| DaoN. DI. vIrendra hegar3e dharmAdhikArI vahA~ kI samasta gatividhiyA~ calAte haiN| yahA~ bhagavAn bAhubali kI vizAla mUrti virAjamAna hai| zikSaNa sasthAoM, cikitsAlaya, chAtrAvAsa, atithigRha Adi mahattvapUrNa sthala haiN| karnATaka ke tIrthakSetroM ke darzanArtha tIrthayAtrI jo vahA~ jAte haiM, vaha sabhI dharmasthaloM ke darzanArtha avazya jAte haiN| yAtriyoM ke liye bhojanAlaya barAbara calate rahate haiN| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha DO 163

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madhya bhArata meM zAsaka : bhArata ke svataMtratA ke pazcAt bhArata ke zAsana meM bAbU takhtamala jaina mukhyamaMtrI ke netRtva maMtrimaNDala kA gaThana huA, jisameM zrI mizrIlAla gaMgavAla, zrI zyAmalAla pANDIva, saubhAgyamala jI jaina Adi ATha jaina maMtrI pramukha-pramukha vibhAgoM ko dekhate the| indaura meM kAMgresa ke vizAla adhivezana meM bhArata ke pradhAnamaMtrI jI javAharalAla neharU jI ke vizvAsapAtra bAbU takhtamala jI, mizrIlAla gaMgavAla Adi adhivezana ke pramukha vyaktiyoM meM rhe| zrI bAbUlAla pATaudI kAMgresa-kAryAlaya kI dekhabhAla karate the| jaina-samAja kI gatividhiyoM meM sabhI jaina-maMtrI agrasara hokara sahayoga pradAna karate rhe| dharmAdA TrasTa bila : sarakAra dvArA lokasabhA meM dharmAdA TrasTa bila prastuta kiyA gayA, jisa para carcA hone ke bAda isameM 30 sAMsada-sadasyoM kI upasamiti gaThita kara, use adhikAra diyA gayA ki ve sabhI dharmoM ke dvArA diye gaye jJApana ke pratinidhiyoM ko bulAkara jAnakArI prApta kreN| unhoMne isa sambaMdha meM jaina-samAja ke pratinidhimaNDala ko bulAkara samasta jAnakArI prApta kii| pratinidhimaNDala meM DaoN. esa. sI. kizora, zrI bhagatarAma jaina, zrI esa. esa. modI, zrI vijaya kumAra siMha nAhara, zrI lakSmIcanda jaina, zrI narendra siMghavI, zrI motIcanda vIracanda gAMdhI, zrI popaTalAla rAmacandra gAMdhI, zrI rAjendra kumAra jaina ne bhAga liyaa| pratinidhimaNDala kI mA~goM ko unhoMne svIkAra kara jaina-samAja ko isa ekTa se mukta kara diyA, jisase samAja ko bar3A lAbha phuNcaa| sonagar3ha (gujarAta) meM digambara jaina-paramAgama kA vizAla mandira : AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke mUla-graMtha, jo digambara jaina-AmnAya-Agama ke haiM, samayasAra, pravacanasAra, paMcAstikAyasaMgraha, niyamasAra, paramAgama (mUlagAthA) mazIna ke dvArA saMgamaramara ke zilApaTa utkIrNa karAkara dIvAroM meM lagAye gaye haiN| pratyeka dvAra kI khir3akiyA~ saMgamaramara ke utkIrNa katipaya tIrthaMkaroM ke vairAgya evaM dIkSA Adi ke puruSArtha-preraka bhavya prasaMga tathA tIrtha-kSetroM ke atimanohara citra haiN| yaha paramAgama mandira tIna ramaNIya zikharoM se suzobhita haiN| bar3e zikhara kI U~cAI 80 phITa hai, isa mandira kI racanA bahuta hI bhavya evaM advitIya hai| isake atirikta zrI kAnajI svAmI kI preraNA se pUre gujarAta meM 100 se adhika digambara-jaina-maMdiroM kA bhavya-nirmANa huA hai| isake atirikta indaura kA kA~ca mandira, ajamera kI naziyAMjI, khajurAho kA pArzvanAtha digambara jaina-mandira, zravaNabelagolA kI bhagavAna bAhubali jI kI vizAla mUrti evaM mUDabidrI meM hIre-pannoM kI mUrtiyA~ bhagavAn zrI sahasrAphaNI pArzvanAtha kA vIjApura kA durga-mandira zilpakalA kA adbhuta udAharaNa hai| tIrthayAtriyoM ko ina vizAla mandiroM ke avazya hI darzana karane caahiye| tamilanADu ke kSetra meM kaI vizAla mandira haiN| AcArya kundakunda svAmI ke caraNa isa hI pradeza meM ponnUramalai-kSetra para haiN| yahA~ gAvoM meM nivAsa karane vAle 10164 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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digambara jaina haiM, unameM sAdagI va dhArmika saMskAra haiM, khetI se jIvana - nirvAha karate haiN| cennaI Adi nagaroM meM bhI digambara jaina samAja nivAsa kara apane vyApAra meM saMlagna hai| yuvA varga : digambara jaina samAja bahuta varSoM se yuvA varga ko samAja ke kAryoM meM sakriya karane ke liye prayAsa kara rahI hai, anekoM samitiyA~ bhI gaThita huI haiM, parantu yuvA varga jisa lagana ke sAtha samAja kAryoM meM agrasara honA cAhiye, vaha nahIM ho pA rahA hai| gommaTagiri kA nirmANa : AcArya zrI vidyAnaMda jI munirAja ke prayAsa evaM preraNA se gommaTagiri kA nirmANa indaura (ma. pra. ) meM mukhya zahara se lagabhaga 10 kilomITara dUra huA hai| yaha kSetra dinoM-dina pragati ke patha para haiN| navIna- nirmANa : kaI kSetroM meM vizAlarUpa se nirmANa kI yojanAyeM bana rahI haiM, jisake liye karor3oM rupaye kA dhana-saMgraha kiyA jA rahA hai| bahuta saMbhava hai ki kucha varSoM ke bAda kaI vizAlarUpa se navIna - tIrthoM ke rUpa meM samAja darzanoM kA lAbha uThA ske| digambara jaina samAja ke liye tana-mana-dhana ke sAtha jina agraNI mahAnubhAvoM ne sahayoga diyA, unameM se kucha vizeSa mahAnubhAvoM ke nAma nimnalikhita haiM, jisake liye digambara jaina samAja sadaiva AbhArI rahegA - seTha lakSmanadAsa jI mathurA, bairisTara campatarAya jI dillI, bAbU devakumAra jI ArA, saraseTha hukumacanda jI indaura, saraseTha bhAgacanda sonI ajamera, seTha mANakacanda jI, mumbaI, seTha cAMdamala pAMDayA, rAjasthAna, sAhU salekacanda jI najIbAbAda, sAhU jugumundaradAsa jI najIvAbAda, sAhU zreyAMsaprasAda jI mumbaI, sAhU zAMtiprasAda jI kalakattA, bAbU ajitaprasAda jI lakhanaU, bairisTara je. ela. jainI indaura, bAbU ratanalAla jI bijanaura, bAbU lAlacanda jaina rohataka, DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina nAgapura, bairisTara jamunAprasAda jI nAgapura, lAlA rAjendra kumAra jaina bijanaura, zrI bhagavAnadAsa zobhAlAla DAlacanda jaina sAgara, bAbU kAmatAprasAda jaina alIgaMja (eTA), zrI nanhemala jaina dillI, zrI ciraMjIlAla bar3ajAtyA vardhA, DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina lakhanaU, zrImatI bahana lekhavatI jaina ambAlA, zrI amaracanda pahAr3iyA kalakattA, zrI ratanalAla gaMgavAla kalakattA, zrI nathamala seThI kalakattA, zrI devakumAra siMha indaura, zrI rAjakumAra siMha indaura, seTha bAlacanda hIrAcanda dozI mumbaI, karmavIra bhAUrAva pATIla (mahA.), paM. bAbUbhAI cunnIlAla mehatA gujarAta, paM. nAthUlAla zAstrI indaura, zrI nirmalakumAra jI ArA, rAyabahAdura sakhIcanda jaina paTanA, zrI tanasukharAma jI dillI, seTha lakSmIcanda rAjendra kumAra jaina vidizA, lAla munnAlAla jI lakhanaU, bAbU choTelAla jI kalakattA, zrI akSayakumAra jaina naI dillI, zrI mizrIlAla gaMgavAla indaura, paM. zIlacanda jaina zAstrI mavAnA (meraTha), zrI mUlacanda kApar3iyA sUrata, zrI nirmalakumAra seThI lakhanaU, zrI ummedamala pAMDyA dillI, zrI jJAnacanda khindukA jayapura, zrI ena.ke. seThI jayapura, zrI rAyabahAdura harakacanda jaina rAMcI, zrI bAbUlAla bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha O 165

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pATaudI indaura, zrI bAbU sukumAracanda jaina meraTha, zrI prakAzacanda jaina sAsanI, zrI jambukumAra jaina koTA, zrI viradhIlAla seThI jayapura, paM. sumati candra zAstrI murainA, paM. zikhara caMda jaina bhiMDa, sva. paM. lAla bahAdura zAstrI dillI, DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina lakhanaU, sva. paM. bAbU lAla jamAdAra bar3auta, paM. narendra prakAza jI phirojAbAda aadi| digambara jaina-samAja ke pramukha vidvAna, jinhoMne dina-rAta digambara jaina-Agama ke pracAra-prasAra evaM prAcana-graMthoM ke prakAzana kara jana-jana taka pahu~cAne meM dhArmika cetanA paidA kI, unameM se kucha nAma nimnalikhita ullekhanIya haiM paM. nAthUrAma premI lakhanaU, paM. parameSThIdAsa jI lalitapura, paM. jugalakizora mukhtAra sarasAvA, paM. nAthUrAma premI mumbaI, bAbU kAmatA prasAda jaina, paM. phUlacanda jI siddhAntAcArya vArANasI, paM. kailAzacanda jI vArANasI, paM. cainasukhadAsa jI jayapura, paM. makkhanalAla jI murainA, paM. devakIlAla naMdana kAraMjA, paM. sumeracanda jI divAkara sivanI, DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye (mahA.), mahAtmA bhagavAnadIna, DaoN. mahendrakumAra jI nyAyAcArya banArasa, paM. darabArIlAla satyabhakta vardhA, paM. nAthUlAla jI zAstrI indaura, paM. pannAlAla jI sAhityAcArya sAgara, paM. darabArI lAla koThiyA bInA, paM. satyaMdharakumAra seThI ujjaina, paM. gaNezaprasAda jI varNI sAgara, zrI mANikacanda caivara kAraMjA, paM. bra. mANikacandra bhisIkara kumbhoja-bAhubali, zrI sahajAnanda varNI mujaphpharanagara, paM prakAza hitaiSI dillI, DaoN. hukumacaMda bhArilla jayapura, paM. ratanacaMda bhArilla jayapura, DaoN. rAjArAma jaina ArA, paM nIraja jaina satanA, DaoN. devendra kumAra zAstrI nImaca, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla jayapura, DaoN. premasAgara jaina bar3auta, DaoN. vidyAdhara joharApurakara mahArASTra, paM. hIrAlAla siddhAMtazAstrI sADhUmala, DaoN. premasumana jaina udayapura, paM. anUpacanda nyAyatIrtha jayapura, DaoN. jagadIzacanda jaina muMbaI, DaoN. udayacanda jaina udayapura, DaoN. rameza canda bijanaura, DaoN. bhAgacaMda bhAskara nAgapura, DaoN. sudIpa jaina naI dillI, DaoN. uttamacaMda jaina sivanI, pro. sAgaramala jaina zAjApura (ma.pra.), pro. bhAgacandra bhAskara vArANasI (u.pra.), pro. dayAnanda bhArgava lADanU, pro. dharmacanda jaina kurukSetra, DaoN. zekharacanda jaina ahamadAbAda, DaoN. kulabhUSaNa lokhaNDe solApura, DaoN. kastUracandra sumana mahAvIrajI, DaoN. bhAgacandra bhAgendu damoha, pro. vimala prakAza jaina dillI, pro. satyaraMjana banarjI kalakattA, DaoN. suSamA siMghavI udayapura, DaoN. nemicanda jaina indaura, paM. sumati candra zAstrI murainA, sva. paM. zikhara caMda jaina bhiMDa, sva. paM. lAla bahAdura zAstrI dillI, DaoN. jyotiprasAda jaina lakhanaU, sva. paM. bAbU lAla jamAdAra bar3auta, paM. narendra prakAza jI phirojAbAda, DaoN. ciraMjIlAla bagar3A kalakattA, DaoN. ramezacanda jaina bijanaura, DaoN. dharmacanda jaina jodhapura, DaoN. jinendra kumAra jaina lADanU, DaoN. vijaya kumAra jaina lakhanaU, DaoN. kamaleza kumAra jaina vArANasI, DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina dillI, DaoN. jayakumAra upAdhye dillI, paM. azoka zAstrI dillI, vaidya suzIla kumAra jaina jayapura aadi| 10166 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 222 22 2 2 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. sandarbha-vivaraNikA draSTavya, jaina sudIpa kA lekha, bauddhadra- paramparA evaM nirgrantha- jaina- zrAmaNya, prAkRtavidyA, varSa 8, aMka 3. eca.vI. glAsenappA, jainijma, bhAvanagara, vikrama saMvat 1987, pRSTha 326-27. vilAsa eva. sAMgave, pUrvokta, pRSTha 77. vahI. vahI. vahI, pRSTha 79. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla jaina- samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pUrvokta, pRSTha 48. je.ela. jaina, dI jaina laoN, ArA, 1916, pRSTha 17. eca. eca. rijale, TrAibsa eNDa kAsTs oNpha baMgAla, bhAga eka, kalakattA, 1891, pRSTha 7. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pUrvokta, pRSTha 50. phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandana grantha, sampAdaka : bAbU lAla jaina, phAgulla, phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandanagrantha prakAzana samiti, vArANasI, 1985. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla jaina- samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pUrvokta, pRSTha 52. vahI. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, kavivara bulAkhIcandra bulAkIdAsa evaM hemarAja, zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jayapura, 1983, pRSTha 108-114. DaoN. mAtAprasAda gupta, jinadatta carita, sAhitya- zodha vibhAga, digambara jaina - atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIra jI, jayapura 1966, pRSTha 1. rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa, jaisavAla jaina itihAsa, jaisavAla jaina samAja, lazkara, 1988. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pUrvokta, pRSTha 54. vahI, pRSTha 55. vahI. vahI, pRSTha 56. vahI. vilAsa e. sAMgave, pUrvokta, pRSTha 92 surendra kumAra jaina, golApUrva jaina samAja itihAsa evaM sarvekSaNa, pArasa zodha-saMsthAna, kaTarA bAjAra, sAgara, 1996. rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa, golAlora jaina-jAti itihAsa, vIrasena jaina sarrApha maisarsa lAlArAma vIrasena jena sarrApha, sadara bAjAra, bhiNDa, 1995. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla jaina- samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pUrvokta, pRSTha 58. vahI. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. vahI. 31. vahI. vahI, pRSTha 59. vahI. vahI, pRSTha 60. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 167

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37 32. vahI. 33. vilAsa e, sAMgave, pUrvokta, pRSTha 88-89. vahI. 35. sI. ema. dozI, dazA zrImAlI jaina baniyAj oNpha kAThiyAvAr3a, bAmbe, 1953, pRSTha 54. 36. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, khaNDelavAla jaina-samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, pUrvokta, pRSTha 61. vahI. 38. vahI. AryikA vizuddhamatI mAtAjI, aise the caritra cakravatI', lakhanaU, 1994 I., pRSTha 11-12. _ vahI, pRSTha 12. __ vahI, pRSTha 23-24. 42. vahI. vahI evaM AcArya zrI vIrasAgara-smRti-grantha. vahI. zrI zivasAgara-smRti-grantha, sujAnagar3ha, vIra-saMvat 2499. AcArya dharmasAgara-smRti-grantha, mathurA, san 1984. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, AcAryazrI zAMtisAgara mahArAja chANI : eka paricaya, digambara jaina samAja, gayA (bihAra), san 1992. 48. vahI, pRSTha 59. 49. 50. AcArya jJAnasAgara, jayodaya mahAkAvya parizIlana, madanagaMja-kizanagar3ha, san 1995. AcArya mahAvIrakIrti-smRti-grantha, bhAga do, mathurA, san 1974. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, rAjasthAna ke jaina saMta : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, pRSTha 269. vahI. vahI. vahI. 55. 57. 58. 59. vahI. vahI. vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara, zrI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra mandira saMghI jI, sAMgAnera-jayapura, 1996. DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, prathama khaNDa, pRSTha 37. vahI. 10168 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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khaNDa-pacama vizvabhara meM jainadharma kA itivRtta evaM vartamAna sthiti videzoM meM jainadharma evaM samAja amerikA, phinalaiNDa, soviyata gaNarAjya, cIna evaM maMgoliyA, tibbata, jApAna, IrAna, turkistAna, iTalI, ebIsiniyA, ithopiyA, aphagAnistAna, nepAla, pAkistAna, Adi vibhinna dezoM meM kisI na kisI rUpa meM vartamAnakAla meM jainadharma ke siddhAntoM kA pAlana dekhA jA sakatA hai| unakI saMskRti evaM sabhyatA para isa dharma kA prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai| ina dezoM meM madhyakAla meM AvAgamana ke sAdhanoM kA abhAva eka-dUsare kI bhASA se aparicita rahane ke kAraNa, rahana-sahana, khAna-pAna meM kucha-kucha bhinnatA Ane ke kAraNa hama eka-dUsare se dUra haTate hI gaye aura apane prAcIna sambandhoM ko saba bhUla gaye / amerikA meM lagabhaga 2000 IsApUrva meM saMghapati jaina AcArya 'kvAjana koTala' ke netRtva meM zramaNa sAdhu amerikA pahu~ce aura tatpazcAt saikar3oM varSoM taka zramaNa amerikA meM jAkara basate rhe| amerikA meM Aja bhI aneka sthaloM para jainadharma zramaNa-saMskRti jitanA spaSTa prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| vahA~ jaina maMdiroM ke khaNDahara, pracuratA meM pAye jAte haiN| katipaya hastalikhita granthoM meM mahattvapUrNa pramANa mile haiM ki aphagAnistAna, IrAna, IrAka, TarkI Adi dezoM tathA soviyata saMgha ke jIvana - sAgara evaM oba kI khAr3I se bhI uttara taka tathA jATaviyA se ullaI ke pazcimI chora taka kisI kAla meM jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra thaa| ina pradezoM meM aneka jaina maMdiroM, jaina - tIrthaMkaroM kI vizAla mUrtiyoM, dharmazAstroM tathA jaina muniyoM kI vidyamAnatA kA ullekha milatA hai / ' cIna kI saMskRti para jaina saMskRti kA vyApaka prabhAva dRSTigocara hotA hai| cIna meM bhagavAn RSabhadeva ke eka putra kA zAsana thaa| jaina saMghoM ne cIna meM ahiMsA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra kiyA thA, ati prAcInakAla meM bhI zramaNa - sanyAsI yahA~ vihAra karate the himAlaya kSetra AvisthAna ko diyA aura kaispiyAnA taka pahale hI zramaNa-saMskRti kA pracAra- prasAra ho cukA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha OO 169

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cIna aura maMgoliyA meM eka samaya jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra thaa| maMgoliyA ke bhUgarbha se aneka jaina-smAraka nikale haiM, tathA kaI khaNDita jaina-mUrtiyA~ aura jaina-maMdiroM ke toraNa mile haiM, jinakA A~khoM dekhA purAtAttvika vivaraNa 'bambaI samAcAra' (gujarAtI) ke 4 agasta san 1934 ke aMka meM nikalA thaa| ___ yAtrA-vivaraNoM ke anusAra siragama deza aura DhAkula kI prajA aura rAjA saba jaina dharmAnuyAyI haiN| tAtAra-tibbata, koriyA, mahAcIna, khAsacIna Adi meM saikar3oM vidyA-maMdira haiN| isa kSetra meM ATha taraha ke jainI haiN| cIna meM 'talAvAre' jAti ke jainI haiN| mahAcIna meM 'jAMgaDA' jAti ke jainI the| cIna ke jigarama deza DhAkula nagara meM rAjA aura prajA saba jaina-dharmAnuyAyI haiN| pIkiMga nagara meM 'tubAbAre' jAti ke jainiyoM ke 300 maMdira haiM, jo saba maMdira zikhara-baMda haiN| inameM jaina-pratimAyeM khaDgAsana va padmAsanamudrA virAjamAna haiN| yahA~ jainiyoM ke pAsa jo Agama haiM, ve 'cInDI lipi' meM haiN| koriyA meM bhI jainadharma kA pracAra rahA hai| yahA~ 'sovAvAre' jAti ke jainI haiN| ___ 'tAtAra' deza meM 'jainadharmasAgara nagara' meM jaina-maMdira 'yAtake' yathA 'ghagheravAla' jAtiyoM ke jainI haiN| inakI pratimAoM kA AkAra sAr3he tIna gaja UMcA aura Der3ha gaja caur3A hai| ___ 'muMgAra' deza meM jainadharma yahA~ 'bAdhAmA' jAti ke jainI haiN| isa nagara meM jainiyoM ke 8,000 ghara haiM tathA 2,000 bahuta suMdara jaina-maMdira haiN| tibbata aura jainadharma tibbata meM jainI 'Avare' jAti ke haiN| erUla nagara meM eka nadI ke kinAre bIsa hajAra jaina-maMdira haiN| tibbata meM sohanA-jAti ke jaina bhI haiN| khilavana nagara meM 104 zikhara-baMda jaina-maMdira haiN| ve saba maMdira ratna-jaTita aura manorama haiN| yahA~ ke vanoM meM tIsa hajAra jaina-maMdira haiN| dakSiNa tibbata ke hanuvara deza meM dasa-pandraha kosa para jainiyoM ke aneka nagara haiM, jinameM bahuta-se jaina-maMdira haiN| hanuvara deza ke rAjA-prajA saba jainI haiN| yUnAna aura bhArata meM samudrI samparka thaa| yUnAnI lekhakoM ke anusAra jaba sikandara bhArata se yUnAna lauTA thA, taba takSazilA ke eka jaina-muni 'kolAnasa' yA 'kalyANa-muni' unake sAtha yUnAna gaye, aura aneka varSoM taka ve ethensa nagara meM rhe| unhoMne ethensa meM sallekhanA lii| unakA samAdhi-sthAna yahIM para hai| jApAna aura jainadharma jApAna meM bhI prAcInakAla meM jaina-saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra thA, tathA sthAna-sthAna para zramaNa-saMgha sthApita the| unakA bhArata ke sAtha niraMtara samparka banA 00 170 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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rahatA thaa| bAda meM bhArata se samparka dUra ho jAne para ina jaina-zramaNa sAdhuoM ne bauddhadharma se sambandha sthApita kara liyaa| cIna aura jApAna meM ye loga Aja bhI jaina-bauddha kahalAte haiN| madhya eziyA aura dakSiNa eziyA - leninagrADa sthita purAtattva-saMsthAna ke prophesara 'yUri jeDaneyohaskI' ne 20 jUna san 1967 ko naI dillI meM eka patrakAra sammelana meM kahA thA ki "bhArata aura madhya eziyA ke bIca sambandha lagabhaga eka lAkha varSa purAne haiN| ataH yaha svAbhAvika hai ki jainadharma madhya eziyA meM phailA huA thaa|"2 prasiddha phrAMsIsI itihAsavettA zrI je. e. dube ne likhA hai ki AksiyAnA, kaismiyA, balkha aura samarakaMda nagara jainadharma ke Arambhika kendra the| soviyata ArmIniyA meM nezavanI nAmaka prAcIna nagara haiN| prophesara ema. esa. rAmasvAmI AyaMgara ke anusAra jaina-muni-saMta grIsa, roma, nArve meM bhI vihAra karate the| zrI jAna liMgaTana ArkiTekTa evaM lekhaka nArve ke anusAra nArve myUjiyama meM RSabhadeva kI mUrtiyA~ haiN| ve nagna aura khaDgAsana haiN| tarjikistAna meM sarAjya ke purAtAttvika utkhanana meM paMcamArka sikkoM tathA sIloM para nagna mudrAyeM banI haiM, joki siMdhu-ghATI-sabhyatA ke sadRza hai| haMgarI ke 'buDApesTa' nagara meM RSabhadeva kI mUrti evaM bhagavAn mahAvIra kI mUrti bhU-garbha se milI hai| IsA se pUrva IrAka, IrAna aura philistIna meM jaina-muni aura bauddha bhikSu hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM cahu~ora phaile huye the, pazcimI eziyA, mira, yUnAna aura ithiyopiyA ke pahAr3oM aura jaMgaloM meM una dinoM agaNita zramaNa-sAdhu rahate the, jo apane tyAga aura vidyA ke liye prasiddha the| ye sAdhu nagna the| vAnakrepara ke anusAra madhya-pUrva meM pracalita samAniyA-sampradAya 'zramaNa' kA apabhraMza hai| yUnAnI lekhaka mitra ecIsIniyA aura ithiyopiyA meM digambara-muniyoM kA astitva batAte haiN| prasiddha itihAsa-lekhaka mejara janarala je.jI. Ara-phalAMga ne likhA hai ki arastU ne IsvI san se 330 varSa pahale kahA hai, ki prAcIna yahUdI vAstava meM bhAratIya ikSvAku-vaMzI jaina the, jo judiyA meM rahane ke kAraNa 'yahUdI' kahalAne lage the| isaprakAra yahUdIdharma kA srota bhI jainadharma pratIta hotA hai| itihAsakAroM ke anusAra turkIstAna meM bhAratIya-sabhyatA ke anekAneka cihna mile haiN| istAnabula nagara se 570 kosa kI dUrI para sthita tArA tambola nAmaka vizAla vyApArika nagara meM bar3e-bar3e vizAla jaina-maMdira, upAzraya, lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM jaina-dharmAnuyAyI, caturvidha-saMgha tathA saMghapati-jainAcArya apane ziSyoM-praziSyoM ke muni-sampradAya ke sAtha vidyamAna the| AcArya kA nAma udayaprabha sUri thaa| vahA~ kA rAjA aura sArI prajA jaina-dharmAnuyAyI thii| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00171

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prasiddha jarmana-vidvAn vAnakrUra ke anusAra madhya-pUrva-eziyA meM pracalita samAniyA-sampradAya zramaNa-jaina-sampradAya thaa| vidvAn jI.epha. kAra ne likhA hai ki IsA kI janmazatI ke pUrva madhya eziyA IrAka, DabarAna aura philistIna, turkIstAna Adi meM jaina-muni hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM phailakara ahiMsAdharma kA pracAra karate rhe| pazcimI eziyA, misra, yUnAna aura ithiyopiyA ke jaMgaloM meM agaNita jaina-sAdhu rahate the| misra ke dakSiNa bhAga ke bhU-bhAga ko rAkSastAna kahate haiN| ina rAkSasoM ko jaina-purANoM meM vidyAdhara kahA gayA hai| ye jainadharma ke anuyAyI the| usa samaya yaha bhU-bhAga sUDAna, ebIsiniyA aura ithiyopiyA kahalAtA thaa| yaha sArA kSetra jainadharma kA kSetra thaa| misra (ejipTa) kI prAcIna rAjadhAnI paiviksa evaM misra kI viziSTa pahAr3I para musAphira lekharAma ne apanI prasiddha pustaka 'kulapati Arya musAphira' meM isa bAta kI puSTi kI hai ki usane vahA~ aisI mUrtiyA~ dekhI hai, jo jaina-tIrtha giranAra kI mUrtiyoM se milatI-julatI haiN| prAcInakAla se hI bhAratIya, mizra, madhya eziyA, yUnAna Adi dezoM se vyApAra karate the, tathA apanA vyApAra ke prasaMga meM ve una dezoM meM jAkara basa gaye the| bolAna meM aneka jaina-maMdiroM kA nirmANa huaa| pazcimottara sImA-prAnta (uccanagara) meM bhI jainadharma kA bar3A prabhAva thaa| uccanagara kA jainoM se atiprAcInakAla se sambandha calA A rahA hai, tathA takSazilA ke samAna hI vaha bhI jainoM kA kendra-sthala rahA hai| takSazilA, puNDavardhana, uccanagara Adi prAcInakAla meM bar3e hI mahattvapUrNa nagara rahe haiN| ina atiprAcIna nagaroM meM bhagavAna RSabhadeva ke kAla se hI hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina-parivAra AbAda the| gholaka ke vIra dhavala ke mahAmaMtrI 'vastupAla' ne vikrama saM. 1275 se 1303 taka jainadharma ke vyApaka prasAra ke liye yogadAna kiyA thaa| ina logoM ne bhArata aura bAhara ke vibhinna parva-zikharoM para suMdara jaina-maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA, aura unakA jIrNoddhAra karAyA evaM siMdha (pAkistAna), paMjAba, multAna, gAMdhAra kazmIra, siMdhu-sovIra Adi janapadoM meM unhoMne jaina-maMdiroM, tIrthoM Adi kA nava-nirmANa karAyA thaa| kamboja (pAmIra) janapada meM jainadharma yaha pezAvara se uttara kI ora sthita thaa| yahA~ para jainadharma kI mahatI-prabhAvanA aura janapada meM vihAra karane vAle zramaNa-saMgha kamboja, yAkambeDiga-gaccha ke nAma se prasiddha the| gaMdhAragaccha aura kambojA-gaccha sAtavIM zatAbdI taka vidyamAna the| takSazilA ke ujar3a jAne ke samaya takSazilA meM bahuta-se jaina-maMdira aura stUpa vidyamAna the| ___ arabiyA meM jainadharma islAma ke phailane para arabiyA-sthiti AdinAtha, neminAtha aura bAhubali ke maMdira aura aneka mUtiyA~ naSTa ho gaI thiiN| arabiyA-sthita 'podanapura' jainadharma kA gar3ha thA, aura vahA~ kI rAjadhAnI thI, tathA vahA~ bAhubali kI uttuMga pratimA vidyamAna thii| 10 172 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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RSabhadeva ko arabiyA meM 'bAbA Adama' kahA jAtA hai| maurya-samrAT samprati ke zAsanakAla meM vahA~ aura phArasa meM jaina-saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra huA thA, tathA vahA~ aneka bastiyA~ vidyamAna thiiN| makkA meM islAma kI sthApanA ke pUrva vahA~ jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra thaa| vahA~ para aneka jaina-maMdira vidyamAna the| islAma kA pracAra hone para jaina-mUtiyA~ toDa dI gaIM, aura maMdiroM ko masjida banA diyA gyaa| isa samaya vahA~ jo masjideM haiM, unakI banAvaTa jaina-maMdiroM ke anurUpa hai| isa bAta kI puSTi jaimsaphargyusana ne apanI 'vizva kI dRSTi' nAmaka prasiddha pustaka ke pRSTha 26 para kI hai| madhyakAla meM bhI jaina-dArzanikoM ke aneka saMgha bagadAda aura madhya eziyA gaye the, aura vahA~ para aMhisAdharma pracAra kiyA thaa| yUnAniyoM ke dhArmika itihAsa se bhI jJAta hotA hai, ki unake deza meM jaina-siddhAMta pracalita the| pAithAgorasa, pAyaroM, ploTIna Adi mahApuruSa zramaNadharma aura zramaNa-darzana ke mukhya pratipAdaka the| ethensa meM digambara jaina-saMta zramaNAcArya kA caitya vidyamAna hai, jisase prakaTa hai ki yUnAna meM jainadharma kA vyApaka prasAra thaa| prophesara rAmasvAmI ne kahA hai ki bauddha aura jaina-zramaNa apane-apane dharmoM ke pracArArtha yUnAna-romAniyA aura nArve taka gaye the| nArve ke aneka parivAra Aja bhI jainadharma kA pAlana karate haiN| AsTriyA aura haMgarI meM bhUkampa ke kAraNa bhUmi meM se buDApesTa nagara ke eka bagIce se mahAvIra svAmI eka prAcIna mUrti hastagata huI thii| ataH yaha svataH siddha hai ki vahA~ jaina-zrAvakoM kI acchI bastI thii| sIriyoM meM nirjanavAsI zramaNa-sanyAsiyoM ke saMgha aura Azrama sthApita the| IsA ne bhI bhArata Akara sanyAsa aura jaina tathA bhAratIya darzanoM kA adhyayana kiyA thaa| IsA masIha ne bAibila meM jo ahiMsA kA upadeza diyA thA, vaha jaina-saMskRti aura jaina-siddhAMta ke anurUpa hai| ___ skeDineviyA meM jainadharma ke bAre meM karnalaTADa apane prasiddha grantha 'rAjasthAna' meM likhate haiM, ki "mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai, ki prAcInakAla meM cAra buddha yA medhAvI mahApuruSa huye haiN| inameM pahale AdinAtha aura dUsare neminAtha the| ye neminAtha kI skeDineviyA nivAsiyoM ke prathama auDana tathA cIniyoM ke prathama 'phe' nAmaka devatA the| DaoN. prANanAtha vidyAlaMkAra ke anusAra sumera jAti meM utpanna bAbula ke sildiyana samrATa nebucaMda nejara ne dvArakA jAkara IsA-pUrva 1140 ke lagabhaga neminAtha kA eka maMdira banavAyA thaa| saurASTra meM isI samrAT nebucaMda nejara kA eka tAmra-patra prApta huA hai|" kezpiyA meM jainadharma madhya eziyA ke balakha kriyA mizI, mAkezmiyA, usake bAda mAsavoM nagaroM amana, samarakanda Adi meM jainadharma pracalita thA, isakA ullekha IsApUrva pA~cavIM, chaThI zatI ke yUnAnI itihAsa meM kiyA gayA thaa| ata: yaha bilkula saMbhava hai ki jainadharma kA pracAra kairipayA, rUkAbiyA aura samarakanda boka Adi nagaroM meM rahA thaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00173

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brahmadeza (barmA) meM jainadharma zAsroM meM brahmadeza ko svarNadvIpa kahA gayA hai| janamata prasiddha jainAcArya kAlakAcArya aura unake ziSya gayA svarNadvIpa meM nivAsa karate the, vahA~ se unhoMne AsapAsa ke dakSiNa-pUrva eziyA ke aneka dezoM meM jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| thAilaiNDa-sthita nAgabuddha kI nAgaphaNavAlI pratimAyeM pArzvanAtha kI pratimAyeM haiN| zrIlaMkA meM jainadharma bhArata aura laMkA (siMhaladvIpa) ke yugoM purAne sAMskRtika sambandha rahe haiN| siMhaladvIpa meM prAcInakAla meM jainadharma kA pracAra thaa| maMdira, maTha, smAraka vidyamAna the, jo bAda meM bauddha saMghArAma banA liye gye| sampUrNa siMhaladvIpa ke jana-jIvana para jainasaMskRti kI spaSTa chApa dRSTigocara hotI hai| jaina-muni yaza:kIrti ne IsAkAla kI Arambhika zatAbdiyoM meM siMhaladvIpa jAkara jainadharma kA pracAra kiyA thaa| zrIlaMkA meM jaina-zrAvakoM aura sAdhuoM ne sthAna-sthAna para caubIsoM jaina-tIrthaMkaroM ke bhavya maMdira banavAye suprasiddha purAtattavid phargyusana ne likhA hai ki kucha yUropiyana logoM ne zrIlaMkA meM sAta aura tIna phaNoM vAlI mUrtiyoM ke citra liye| ye sAtayAnoM phaNa pArzvanAtha kI mUrtiyoM para aura 3 phaNa unake zAsanadeva dharamendra aura zAsanadevI padmAvatI kI mUrti para banAye jAte haiN| bhArata ke suprasiddha itihAsavettA zrI pI.sI. rAya caudharI ne zrIlaMkA meM jainadharma ke viSaya meM vistAra se zodha-khoja kI hai| tibbata deza meM jainadharma ___ tibbata ke himina-maTha meM rUsI paryaTaka noTobica ne pAlIbhASA kA eka graMtha prApta kiyA thA, usameM spaSTa likhA hai ki "IsA ne bhArata tathA maurya deza jAkara vahA~ ajJAtavAsa kiyA thA, aura vahA~ unhoMne jaina-sAdhuoM ke sAtha sAkSAtkAra kiyA thaa|" himAlaya-kSetra meM nivAsita vartamAna himarI jAti ke pUrvaja tathA gar3havAla aura tarAI ke kSetra meM pUrvaja jaina 'himarI' zabda 'digambarI' zabda kA apabhraMzarUpa hai, jaina-tIrtha aSTApada (kailAza parvata) hima-pradeza ke nAma se vikhyAta hai, jo himAlaya parvata ke bIca zikharamAlA meM sthita hai, aura tibbata meM hai, jahA~ AdinAtha bhagavAn kI nirvANa-bhUmi hai| aphagAnistAna meM jainadharma aphagAnistAna prAcInakAla meM bhArata kA bhAga thA, tathA aphagAnistAna meM sarvatra jaina-sAdhu nivAsa karate the| bhArata sarakAra ke purAtattva-vibhAga ke bhUtapUrva saMyukta mahAnidezaka zrI TI.ena. rAmacandrana ne aphagAnistAna gaye eka ziSTamaMDala ke 10174 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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netA ke rUpa meM yaha mata vyakta kiyA thA, ki "maiMne I. chaThI, sAtavIM zatAbdI ke prasiddha cInI-yAtrI hvenasAMga ke isa kathana kA satyApana kiyA hai, ki yahA~ jaina-tIrthaMkaroM ke anuyAyI bar3I saMkhyA meM haiN| usa samaya elegjenDrA meM jainadharma aura bauddhadharma kA vyApaka pracAra thaa|" cInI-yAtrI hvenasAMga 686-712 IsvI ke yAtrA ke vivaraNa ke anusAra kapiza deza meM 10 jaina-maMdira haiN| yahA~ nirgrantha jaina-muni bhI dharma-pracArArtha vihAra karate haiN| 'kAbula' meM bhI jainadharma kA prasAra thaa| vahA~ jaina-pratimAyeM utkhanana meM nikalatI rahatI haiN|' hindreziyA, jAvA, malAyA, kamboDiyA Adi dezoM meM jainadharma ina dvIpoM ke sAMskRtika itihAsa aura vikAsa meM bhAratIyoM kA mahattvapUrNa yogadAna rahA hai| ina dvIpoM ke prArambhika apravAsiyoM kA adhipati suprasiddha jaina-mahApuruSa 'kauTilya' thA, jisakA ki jainadharma-kathAoM meM vistAra se ullekha huA hai| ina dvIpoM ke bhAratIya AdivAsI vizuddha zAkAhArI the| una dezoM se prApta mUrtiyA~ tIrthaMkara-mUrtiyoM se milatI-julatI haiN| yahA~ para caityAlaya bhI milate haiM, jinakA jaina-paramparA meM bar3A mahattva hai| nepAla deza meM jainadharma nepAla kA jainadharma ke sAtha prAcInakAla se hI bar3A sambandha rahA hai| AcArya bhadrabAhu mahAvIra nirvANa-saMvat 170 meM nepAla gaye the, aura nepAla kI kandarAoM meM unhoMne tapasyA kI thI, jisase sampUrNa himAlaya-kSetra meM jainadharma kI bar3I prabhAvanA huI thii|10 nepAla kA prAcIna itihAsa bhI isa bAta kA sAkSI hai| usa kSetra kI badrInAtha, kedAranAtha evaM pazupatinAtha kI mUrtiyA~ jaina-mudrA 'padmAsana' meM haiM, aura una para RSabha-pratimA ke anya cihna bhI vidyamAna haiN| nepAla ke rASTrIya abhilekhAgAra meM aneka jaina-graMtha upalabdha haiM, tathA pazupatinAtha ke pavitra-kSetra meM jaina-tIrthaMkaroM kI aneka mUrtiyA~ vidyamAna haiN| vartamAna meM saMyukta jaina-samAja dvArA nepAla kI rAjadhAnI kAThamANDU meM 'kamalazezvarI' nAmaka sthAna meM eka vizAla jaina-maMdira kA nirmANa kiyA jA cukA hai| vartamAna nepAla meM lagabhaga 500 parivAra jainadharma ko mAnane vAle haiN| yahA~ zrI umeza canda jaina evaM zrI anila jaina Adi sAmAjika-kAryakartA haiN| bhUTAna deza meM jainadharma bhUTAna meM jainadharma kA khUba prasAra thA, tathA jaina-maMdira aura jaina sAdhu-sAdhviyA~ vidyamAna the| vikrama saMvat 1806 meM digambara jaina-tIrthayAtrI lAgacIdAsa golAlAre brahmacArI bhUTAna deza meM jaina-tIrthayAtrA ke liye gayA thA, jisake vistRta bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00175

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yAtrA-vivaraNa (jaina zAstra-bhaNDara, tijArA rAjasthAna) kI 108 pratiyA~ bhinna-bhinna jaina zAsra-bhaNDAroM meM surakSita haiN| pAkistAna ke paravartI kSetroM meM jainadharma AdinAtha svAmI ne bharata ko ayodhyA, bAhubali ko podanapura tathA zeSa 98 putroM ko anya deza pradAna kiye the| bAhubali ne bAda meM apane putra mahAbali ko podanapura kA rAjya sauMpakara muni-dIkSA lI thii| podanapura vartamAna pAkistAna kSetra meM vindhyArdha parvata ke nikaTa siMdhu nadI ke suramya evaM ramyaka ke deza uttarArdha meM thA aura jaina-saMskRti kA Aditya jagata-vikhyAta vizva-kendra thaa| kAlAntara meM podanapura ajJAta kAraNoM se naSTa ho gyaa| takSazilA janapada meM jainadharma takSazilA ati prAcInakAla meM zikhA kA pramukha kendra thA, tathA jainadharma ke pracAra kA bhI mahattvapUrNa kendra rhaa| isa dRSTi se prAcIna jaina-paramparA se yaha sthAna tIrthasthala-sA ho gayA thaa| siMhapura bhI prAcIna jaina-pracAra kendra ke rUpa meM vikhyAta thaa| samrATa harSavardhana ke kAla meM cInI yAtrI hvenasAMga ne yahA~ kI yAtrA kI thI, jisase isa sthAna para jagaha-jagaha jaina-zramaNoM kA nivAsa batAyA thaa|11 siMhapura jaina mahAtIrtha yahA~ eka jaina-stUpa ke pAsa jaina-maMdira aura zilAlekha the, yaha jaina mahAtIrtha 14vIM zatAbdI taka vidyamAna thaa| isa mahAjaina-tIrtha kA vidhvaMsa sambhavataH sultAna sikandara butazikana ne kiyA thaa| DaoN. bUlara kI preraNA se DaoN. sTaoNina ne siMhapura ke jaina-maMdiroM kA patA lagAne para kaTAkSa se do mIla kI dUrI para sthita mUrti-gA~va meM khadAI se bahuta-sI jaina-mUrtiyA~ aura jaina-maMdiroM tathA stUpoM ke khaNDahara prApta kiye, jo 26 U~ToM para lAdakara lAhaura lAye gaye, aura vahA~ ke myUjiyama meM surakSita kiye gye| brAhmIdevI kA maMdira - eka jaina-mahAtIrtha yaha sthAna kisI samaya zramaNa-saMskRti kA pramukha kendra thaa| isa kSetra meM jaina-sAdhuoM kI yaha paramparA eka lambe samaya se avicchinna-rUpa se calI A rahI hai| 'kalpasUtra' ke anusAra bhagavAn RSabhadeva kI putrI 'brAhmI' isa deza kI mahArAjJI thI, aMta meM vaha sAdhvI-pramukha bhI banIM, aura usane tapa kiyaa| mo-ana-jo-dar3o Adi kI khudAiyoM meM jo anekAneka sIleM prApta huI haiM, una para nagna digambara-mudrA meM yogI aMkita hai| mo-ana-jo-dar3o, har3appA, kAlIbaMgA Adi 200 se adhika sthAnoM ke 00 176 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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utkhanana se jo sIleM, mUrtiyA~ evaM anya purAtAttvika sAmagrI prApta huI hai, vaha saba zAzvata jaina-paramparA kI dyotaka hai| kazyapameru (kazmIra janapada) meM jainadharma kavi kalhaNakRta rAjatari giri ke anusAra kazmIra-aphagAnistAna kA rAjA satyapratijJa azoka jaina thA, jisane aura jisake putroM ne aneka jaina-maMdiroM kA nirmANa karAyA thA, tathA jainadharma kA vyApaka pracAra kiyaa| har3appA-parikSetra meM jainadharma isake atirikta sakkhara mo-ana-jo-dar3o, haDappA, kAlIbaMgA Adi kI khudAIyoM se bhI mahattvapUrNa jaina purAtattva-sAmagrI prApta huI hai, jisameM bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina-mUrtiyA~, prAcIna sikke, bartana Adi vizeSa jJAtavya haiN| gAMdhAra aura puNDa janapada meM jainadharma siMdhu nadI se kAbula nadI taka kA kSetra multAna aura pezAvara gAMdhAramaMDala meM sammilita the| pazcimI paMjAba aura pUrvI aphagAnistAna bhI isameM sammilita the| gAMdhAra-janapada meM vihAra karanevAle jaina-sAdhu 'gAMdhAra-gaccha' ke nAma se vikhyAta the| sampUrNa janapada jainadharma bahula-janapada thaa| bAMglAdeza evaM paravartI kSetroM meM jainadharma bAMglAdeza aura usake nikaTavartI pUrvI kSetra aura kAmarUpa-janapada meM jaina-saMskRti kA vyApaka pracAra-prasAra rahA hai, jisake pracura saMketa sampUrNa vaidika aura paravartI sAhitya meM upalabdha haiN| Aja isa kAmarUpa pradeza meM jisameM bihAra, ur3IsA aura baMgAla bhI Ate haiM, sarvatra gA~va-gA~va, jiloM-jiloM meM prAcIna sarAka jaina-saMskRti kI vyApaka zodha-khoja ho rahI hai, aura naye-naye tathya udghATita ho rahe haiN| pahAr3apura (rAjazAhI baMgalAdeza) meM upalabdha 478 IsvI ke tAmrapatra ke anusAra pahAr3apura meM eka jaina-maMdira thA, jisameM 5,000 jaina-muni dhyAna-adhyayana karate the, aura jisake dhvaMsAvazeSa cAroM ora bikhare par3e haiN| 'maujDavardhana' aura usake samIpastha 'koTivarSa' donoM hI prAcIlakAla meM jainadharma ke pramukha kendra the| zrutakevalI bhadrabAhu aura AcArya arhadbali - donoM hI AcArya isI nagara ke nivAsI the| pariNAmataH jainadharma baMgAla evaM usake AsapAsa ke kSetroM meM atyadhika lokapriya ho gyaa| sambhavataH prArambhikakAla meM baMgAla meM lokapriya bana jAne ke kAraNa hI jainadharma isa pradeza ke samudrI taTavartI bhU-bhAgoM se hotA huA utkala pradeza ke vibhinna bhU-bhAgoM meM bhI atyanta zIghra gati se phaila gyaa| bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00177

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videzoM jaina-sAhitya aura kalA-sAmagrI ___ laMdana-sthita aneka pustakAlayoM meM bhAratIya-graMtha vidyamAna haiM, jinameM se eka pustakAlaya meM to lagabhaga 1,500 hastalikhita bhAratIya-graMtha haiM, aura adhikatara graMtha prAkRta, saMskRta bhASAoM meM haiM, aura jainadharma se sambandhita haiN| jarmanI meM bhI barlina-sthita eka pustakAlaya meM bar3I saMkhyA meM jaina-graMtha vidyamAna haiM, amerikA ke vAziMgaTana aura bosTana nagara meM 500 se adhika pustakAlaya haiM, inameM se eka pustakAlaya meM 40 lAkha hastalikhita pustakeM haiM, jinameM bhI 20,000 pustakeM prAkRta, saMskRta bhASAoM meM haiM, jo bhArata se gaI huI haiN| phrAMsa meM 1,100 se adhika bar3e pustakAlaya haiM, jinameM perisa sthita bibliyothika nAmaka pustakAlaya meM 40 lAkha pustakeM hai| unameM 12 hajAra pustakeM prAkRta, saMskRta bhASA kI haiM, jinameM jaina-graMthoM kI acchI saMkhyA hai| rUsa meM eka rASTrIya pustakAlaya hai, jisameM 5 lAkha pustakeM haiN| unameM 22 hajAra pustakeM prAkRta, saMskRta kI haiN| isameM jaina-graMthoM kI bhI bar3I saMkhyA hai| iTalI ke pustakAlayoM meM 60 hajAra pustakeM to prAkRta, saMskRta kI haiM, aura isameM jaina-pustakeM bar3I saMkhyA meM haiN| nepAla ke kAThamANDU sthita pustakAlayoM meM hajAroM kI saMkhyA meM jaina prAkRta aura saMskRta-graMtha vidyamAna haiN| isI prakAra cIna, tibbata, barmA, iMDoneziyA, jApAna, maMgoliyA, koriyA, turkI, IrAna, aljIriyA, kAbula Adi ke pustakAlayoM meM bhI jaina-bhAratIya-graMtha bar3I saMkhyA meM upalabdha haiN| bhArata se videzoM meM graMtha le jAne kI pravRtti kevala aMgrejIkAla se hI prArambha nahIM huI, apitu isase hajAroM varSa pUrva bhI bhArata kI isa amUlya-nidhi ko videzI loga apane-apane dezoM meM le jAte rahe haiN| ve loga bhArata se kitane graMtha le gaye, unakI saMkhyA kA sahI anumAna lagAnA kaThina hai| isake atirikta mlecchoM, AtatAyiyoM, dharmadveSiyoM ne hajAroM, lAkhoM kI saMkhyA meM hamAre sAhitya-ratnoM ko jalA diyaa| isIprakAra jaina-maMdiroM, mUrtiyoM, smArakoM, stUpoM Adi para bhI atyadhika atyAcAra huye haiN| bar3e-bar3e jaina tIrtha, maMdira, smAraka Adi mUrti-bhaMjakoM ne dharAzAyI kiye| aphagAnistAna, kAzyapakSetra, siMdhu, sovIra, balUcistAna, bebIlona, sumeriyA, paMjAba, lakSazilA tathA kAmarUpa-pradeza bAMglAdeza Adi prAcIna jaina-saMskRti-bahula kSetroM meM yaha vinAzalIlA calatI rhii| aneka jaina-maMdiroM ko hindU aura bauddha maMdiroM meM parivartita kara liyA gayA yA unameM masjideM banA lI giiN| aneka jaina-maMdira, mUrtiyA~ Adi anya dharmiyoM ke hAthoM meM cale jAne se athavA anya devI-devatAoM ke rUpa meM pUje jAne se jaina-itihAsa aura purAtattva evaM kalA-sAmagrI ko bhArI kSati pahu~cI hai| 00 178 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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videzoM meM sthita jaina samparka-kendra vizva ke lagabhaga sabhI dezoM meM bhAratIya parivAra nivAsa kara rahe haiN| inameM se bahuta-se jaina parivAra haiM, jo Arthika unnati ke sAtha jainadharma meM apanI AsthA banAye huye haiN| Aja aneka dezoM meM inake dvArA jaina-maMdira, pustakAlaya, kendra, sosAyaTI, patra-patrikAoM kI sthApanA kI jA rahI hai| ___ yahA~ jApAna, siMgApura, jarmanI, iMglaiNDa, kanADA, tathA amerikA meM sthita aise hI jaina samparka-kendroM ke pate diye jA rahe haiN| inase patra-sambandhI koI bhI vyavahAra kara sakate haiM, tathA dharma-sambandhI pustakeM-patrikAyeM ma~gAyI aura bhejI jA sakatI haiN| jApAna meM jaina-kendra 1. Shri Mahavir Swami Jain Temple, 7-5 Kitano Cho, 3. Chome, Chuo Ku, Kobe, ZZ, Japan (Phone : 078-241-5995, Call : F.C. Karani) siMgApura meM jaina-kendra 2. Singapore Jain Religious Society, 18-Jalan Yasin, Off Jalan Eunous, Singapore, 1441, SI, Singapore. (Phone : 7427829, Call : Nagindas Dosi) jarmanI meM jaina-kendra 3. Jain Association International Society, W. Germany, Brandwed 5 2091, Garsted, New Hamburg, W. Germany (Phone : 04173-8711, Call : Ajit Benadi) 4. Mr. Markus Mossner, Editor, DER JAIN PFAD, Bahnhofstr. 5, 7817- Ihringen, W. Germany. (jarmana-bhASA meM jainadharma viSaya kI patrikA) iMglaiNDa meM jaina-kendra 5. Jain Association of U.K. 61, Upper Selsdon Rd., Sanderstead, Sur CR2-8DJ, U.K. Jain Samaj of Europe, 69, Rowley Fields Ave., Leicester LE3-2ES, U.K. (Phone : 0533-891077) Young Jains, 199, Kenton Ln., Harrow, Middlesex HA3-8TL, U.K. (Phone : 907-5155, Call : Atul Mehta) Oshwal Association of U.K., 7, The Ave., Wembly, Middex HA9-98H, U.K. (Ratibhai Shah) Jain Samaj Europe (Temple), 32, Oxford St., Leicester LE1-5XU, U.K. (Rame) 10. ___Mahavir Foundation, 18, Florence Mansions, Vivian Ave., London NW4, (H. Bhandari) bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00173

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11. Jain Social Group, 153, Chalklands, Webly, Middx, U.K. (Pramod Punate) 12. Jain Association of U.K., 1, Harford Ave., Kenton, Middx, U.K. (Jagdish) Navnat Vanik Assoc. U.K., 19, Hedge Ln., London N13-5SJ, U.K. (Vinod) Bhakti Mandal, 23, Silkfield Rd., Colindale, London, NW9, U.K. (Ramanb) Vanik Association, 71, Pretoria Road, Streatham, London SW-16-6RL E (Chimanlal Shah) Navyug Jain Pragati Mandal, 79, Friar Rd., Orpington, Kent BR-52BP, U.K. (Uttam Dalal) Digambar Visa Mevaad Jain Association, 116, Kingscount Rd., London, S (Anil Shah) Vanik Samaj of U.K., 92, Osborne Rd., Brighton, East Sussex, U.K. (Jayan) International Mahavir Mission, 25, Sunny Garden Rd., London NW4, U.K. (p) kanADA meM jaina-kendra 20. Jain Group of Edmonton, 2136-104B, Edmonton, AL. TGJ-SG8, Canada, 403-437-7177, Call : Jaswant Mehta. 21. Jain Centre of British Columbia, 5620, Clear Water Dr. Richmond, BC, V7E5 (Phone : 604-277-5177, Call : Gyan Singhai) Jain Society of Ottawa, 331, Bridge St., Carleton PI, ON. K7C3H9, Canada 613--257-2898, Call : Balu Kuria. 23. I.M.J.M. (Canada), 12, Royal Rouge. Trail, Scarborough, ON. MIB4T4. Canada 416-525-5651, Call : Harish Jain 19. 22. kanADA meM jaina-pustakAlaya Jaina Library Clo Makino Metal Ltd., 2360, Midland Ave., Unit 16/14, Scar Ontario MIS1P8, Canada. (Phone : 416-291-9721 or 416-291 8716, Call : H) kanADA meM jaina-maMdira * Hindu Jain Temple, 14225-133 Ave., Edmonton, Alberta T5L4W3, Canada. 24. Jain Meditation Canada, 26, Jedburgh Rd., Toronto, ON, MSM-3K3, 00 180 bhagavAna mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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31. Canada (Phone : 416-481-5550, Call : Irene Upenieks) Jain Society of Toronto, 247, Parklawn Rd., Toronto, ON M6Y-336, Canada (Phone : 416-273-9387, Call : Dinesh Jain) 26. Jain Group of London ON, 118, Franklin Way, R.R.I., Hyde Park, ON, NOMIZO. Canada (Phone : 519-473-4385, Call : P.C. Shah) 27. Jain Centre of Montreal, 2780, Jasmi, Ville St., Laurent, QU. H4R1H7. Canada (Phone : 514-331-4376, Call : Suresh Kuria) amarIkA meM jaina-kendra 28. JAIN DIGEST (Magazine) 3, Ransom Rd., Athens, OH. 45701, U.S.A. (Phone : 614-592-1660, Call : S.K. Jain) 29. Young Jains of America, 5, Yellow Star Ct., Woodridge, IL, 60517, U.S.A.. (Phone : 312-969-8845) Jain Centre SE Connecticut 226, Lynch Hill Rd., Oakdale, CT. 06370, U.S.A. (Phone : 203-848-3498, Call : Lax Gogri) Jain Centre of Louisville, 507, Bedforshive Rd., Louisville, KY. 40222, U.S.A. (Phone : 502-426-8658, Call : Pran Ravani) 32. Jain Centre of Lansing, 2601 Cochise Lane, Okemos, MI. 48864, U.S.A. (Phone : 517-337-7888, Call : Mayurika Poddar) Jain Group of Arizona, 24, W. Interlacken Dr., Phoenix, AZ. 85023, U.S.A. (Phone : 602-866-7030, Call : Kishor Parekh) Jain Social Group of LA, 237S. Hoover St., Los Angeles, CA, 90004, U.S.A. (Phone : 213-388-5274) Jain Centre of S. CA (LA), 8072, Commonwealth Ave., P.O. Box 549, Buena Park, CA 90621-0549, U.S.A. (Phone : 714-898-3156, Call : Manilal Mehta) 36. Jain Mandal of San Diego, 9133, Mesa Woods Ave., San Diego, CA 92126-2816, U.S.A. (Phone : 619-693-8272, Call : Narendra Sheth) 37. Jain Centre of N. California (SF), 34143, Fremont Blvd., Fremont, CA 94555, U.S.A. (Phone : 415-794-9700, Cali Pravin Turakhia) Jain Centre of Connecticut, I, Coach Dr., Brookfield, CT. 06805-1503, U.S.A. (Phone : 203-795-0430, Call : Ashwin Shah) Arun Jain Int. Cul. Association, 233, N. Ocean Ave., Daytona Beach, FL. 320 U.S.A. (Phone : 904-252-1634, Call : Lal C. Jain) 40. Jain Society of Central Florida, 1689, Grange Circle, Longwood, FL. 32750, U. (Phone : 407-260-6459, Call : Raj Mehta) 41. Jain Society of Southern Florida, 8010, South Lake Dr., West Palm Beach, FL. 33, U.S.A. (Phone : 407-582-6768, Call : Rajendra Shangvi) 33. 34. 8. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 181

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2. 43. 44. 45. 51. Jain Group of Boca Raton, FL. 8120, Twin Lake Dr., Boca Raton, FL. 33434, U. (Phone : 305-483-5511) Jain Group of Atlanta GA, P.O. Box 5041, Athens, GA, 30604, U.S.A. (Phone : 404-546-5464, Call : Narendra Shah) Jain Social Group of Chicago, 625, Alexandria Court, Itasca, IL. 60143-1406, U. (Phone : 301-887-7424, Call : Rashmikant Gardi) Jain Society of Chicago, 617 W. Hill Side Dr., Bensenville, IL. 60106, U.S.A. (Phone : 312-766-3090, Call : Uttam Jain) Jain Society of S. Louisiana, 3829, Deer Creek Ln., Harvey, LA. 70058-2114, U. (Phone : 504-340-4283, Call : Santosh Shah) Jain Centre of Greater Boston, 83, Fuller Brook Rd., Wellesley, MA. 02181-7, U.S.A. (Phone : 508-470-0255, Call : Chandra Khasgiwal) Jain Society of Greater Detroit, 10506, Continental Drive, Taylor, MI. 48180-31, U.S.A. (Phone : 313-291-2652, Call : Sharad Shah) Jain Centre of Minnesota, 147, 14th Ave., SW, St. Paul, MN. 55112, U.S.A. (Phone : 612-636-1075, Call : Ram Gada) Jain Centre of St. Louis, 541, Princeway Ct., Manchester, MO. 63011, U.S.A. (Phone : 314-394-3195, Call : Satish Nayak) Jain Study Centre of NC, (Raleigh), 1119, Flanders, St. Garner, NC. 27529-44, U.S.A. (Phone : 919-469-0956, Call : Pravin K. Shah) Jain Society of Charlotte, NC, 6215, Old Coach Rd., Charlotte, NC. 28215-1513, U.S.A. (Phone : 704-535-2111, Call : Dhiru Patel) Jain Centre of New Jersey, 233, Runnymede Rd., Essex Falls, NJ. 07021-1113, U.S.A. (Phone : 201-228-4355, Call : Sanat Jhaveri) I.M.J.M. Siddhachalam, 65, Mud Pond Rd., Blairstown, NJ.078259734, U.S.A. (Phone : 201-362-9793) Jain Centre of South New Jersey, 81, South White Horse Pike, Berlin, NJ. 08009-2321, U.S.A. (Phone : 608-768-4273) Jain Sangh Inc., 3401, Cooper Ave., Pennasauken, NJ. 08109, U.S.A. (Phone : 609-424-4827, Call : Shashikant Shah) Jain Meditation International Centre, 244, Ansonia Station, New York, NY. 10023-9998, U.S.A. (Phone : 212-362-6483, Call : Gurudev Chitrabhanu) Acharya Sushil Jain Ashram, 722, Tompkins Ave., Staten Island, NY. 10305-3044, U.S.A. (Phone : 212-447-9505) Jain Centre of America, NY. 4311, Ithaca St., Elmhurst, NY. 113733451, U.S.A. (Phone : 516-741-9269, Call : Naresh Shah) Jain Society of Long Island, 22, cedar PI. Kings Park, NY. 11754-1007, U.S.A. (Phone : 516-269-1167, Call : Arvind Vora) 4. 58. 59. 00 182 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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61. 62. 64. 65. 68. 69. 0. Jain Centre Syracuse, 4013, Pawnee Dr., Liverpool, NY. 13089, U.S.A. (Phone : 315-622-1980, Call : Jitendra Turakhia) Jain Community of Buffalo, 135, Mornings Dr., Grand Island, NY. 14072, U.S.A. (Phone : 716-773-1314, Call : Dhiraj Shah) Jain Centre Elmyra/Corning, 602, Tifft Ave., Horseheads, NY. 14845, U.S.A. (Phone : 607-739-9926, Call : Suresh Shah) Jain Society of Rochester, 61, Falling Brook Rd., Fairport, NY. 14450, U.S.A. (Phone : 716-223-8456, Call : Kishor Sheth) Jain Study Circle, 90-11, 60 Ave., No. 3-D, Flushing, NY. 11368-4436, U.S.A. (Phone : 718-699-4653, Call : D.C. Jain) Jain Society of Greater Cleveland, 3122, Bowmen Ln., Parma, OH. 44134, U.S.A. (Phone : 216-842-0807, Call : Jiten Shah) Federation of JAIN, 9831, Tall Timber Dr., Cincinnati, OH. 45241, U.S.A. (Phone : 513-777-1554, Call : Sulekh Jain) I.M.J.M. (USA), 161, Devorah Dr., Aurora, OH. 44202-9217, U.S.A. (Phone : 216-464-4212, Call : Peter Funk) Jain Centre of Cincinnati, 9831, Tall Timber Dr., Cincinnati. OH. 45241, U.S.A. (Phone : 513-777-1554, Call : Sulekh Jain) Jain Group of Toledo OH, 3100, West Central Ave., Toledo, OH. 43606, U.S.A. (Phone : 419-841-3662, Call : Shirish Shah) Jain Community of Pittsburgh, 140, Penn Lear Dr., Monroeville, PA. 15146, U.S.A. (Phone : 412-856-9235, Call : Vinod Doshi) Jain Centre of Allentown PA, 4200, Airport Rd., Allentown, PA. 18103, U.S.A. (Phone : 215-437-9596, Call : Mohan Jain) Jain Samaj of HYL PA, 2547, Spilt Rail Dr., East Petersburg, PA. 17520, U.S.A. (Phone : 717-569-3239, Call : Bakul Doshi) Jain Group of Greenville SC, 108, Meaway Ct., Simsonville, SC. 29681, U.S.A. (Phone : 803-967-4605, Call : Dilip Doshi) Jain Society of N. Texas (Dalls), 538, Apollo St., Richardson, TX. 75080, U.S.A. (Phone : 214-424-4902, Call : Atul Khara) Jain Society of Houston, 3905, Arc St. Houston, TX., U.S.A. (Phone : 713-530-61, Call : Dilip Shah) Jain Centre of W. Texas, 4410-50th St., Lubbock, TX. 79414, U.S.A. (Phone : 806-4777, Call : Premchand Gada) J. Metro, Washington, 11820, Triple Crown Rd., Reston, VA. 220913014, U.S.A. (Phone : 703-620-9837, Call : Manoj Dharamsi) Jain Social Group of Milwaukee, 4526, West Bonnie Ct., Mequon, WI. 53092-2128, U.S.A. (Phone : 414-242-4827, Call : Kamal Shah) 77. 78. 79. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00 183

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amarIkA meM jaina-vivAha sUcanA-kendra * Jaina Marriage Information Service, 9001, Goodluck Rd., Lanham, MD. 20706, U.S.A. (Phone : 301-577-5215) amarIkA meM jaina-pustakAlaya * Jaina Library, 4410-50th St., Lubbock, TX 79414, U.S.A. (Phone : 806-794-4777, Call : Prem Chand Gada) amarIkA meM jainadharma kI pustakoM ke prakAzaka * A.M.S. Press Inc., 56, East 13th Street, New York. 10003, U.S.A. amarIkA meM jaina-chAtravRttiyA~ * Dr. Arvind Shah, 36, Regent Drive, Oak Brook IL. 60521, U.S.A. amarIkA ke haoNrvarDa vizvavidyAlaya meM jainadharma ke adhyayana kA prabandha Dr. John Court, Centre for Study of World Religious Harvard University, 42, Francis Avenue, Cambridge, MA. 02138, U.S.A. Dr. Paul Kuepferie, TVKC, Box 404, Mendham, NJ. 07945, U.S.A. (Phone : 201-543-2000) amarIkA meM jaina-maMdira Jain Bhavan, 8072, Commonwealth Ave., Buena Park, CA. 90621, U.S.A. Jain Chaityalay (Temple), 3401, Coppeer Ave., Pennuhsauken, New Jersey, U.S.A. Jain Chaityalay (Temple), 1021, Briggs Chaney Road, Springs, Maryland, Washington D.C., U.S.A. amarIkA meM jaina vIDiyo-philma nirmAtA Ahimsa-Nonviolence Direct Cinema Ltd., P.O. Box 69799, Los ___Angeles, CA. 0069, U.S.A. The Frontier of Peace : Jainism of India. The Visual Knowledge Corporation, P.O. Box 404, Mendham NJ. 07945-0404, U.S.A. uparokta lagabhaga sabhI pate hameM JAIN DIGEST (USA) nAmaka patrikA se prApta ho sake haiN| inameM se kisI bhI pate para patra likhate samaya kRpayA jaina DAijesTa' evaM 'jaina samparka DAyarekTrI' kA ullekha avazya kreN| 00184 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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sandarbha- vivaraNikA jaina vidyA kA sAMskRtika avadAna iNDiyana eksapresa, naI dillI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. zrImata- purANa, adhyAya 73, zloka 27-30. 9. 10. 11. - - DaoN. rAmacandra, pRSTha 162. 21-6-1987. zaoNrTa sTaDIz2a ina di sAiMsa oNpha kampairiTiva rilijansa, 1887, iMTroDakzana. jaina - paramparA kA itihAsa - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU, pRSTha 114. sAiMsa oNpha kampairiTiva rilijansa, mejara janarala je.jI. Ara. pharlAMga, pRSTha 28. iNDiyana eksapresa, naI dillI, 21-6-1987. hindI vizvakoSa (tRtIya bhAga), zrI nagendranAtha basu, pRSTha 128. draSTavya, sI.je. zAha jainijma ina nAradarna iMDiyA laMdana - 1932. yUropiya itihAsakAra parasavina leMDana, san 1928. vATarsa oNna yuvAnacvAMgsa Traivalsa ina iNDiyA, bhAga 1, pRSTha 248. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha + OO 185

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sandarbha-grantha evaM patra-patrikA vivaraNikA Books in English 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. r 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 222280 26. 27. 29. 30. khaNDa-SaSTha All India Digambara Jaina Directory, Bombay, 1914. Ayyanagar And Rao: Studies in South Indian Jainism, Madras, 1992. Basham A.L.: The Wonder that was India, London, 1954. Barodia U.D. History and Literature of Jainism, Bombay, 1909. Bhargava Dayanand, Jain Ethics, Delhi, 1968. Bhattacharya H: Divinity in Jainism, Madras, 1925. Bool Chand Lord Mahavira - A Study in Historical Perspective, Banaras, 1948 Bool Chand Jain Cultural Studies, Banaras, 1946. Chakravarti A: Jaina Literature in Tamil, Arrah, 1941. Diwakar R.R. (ED): Bihar Through the Ages, Calcutta, 1959. Doshi C.M. The Dasa Srimali Jaina Banias of Kathiawar, (thessis), Bombay, 1933. Ghurye G.S. Caste and Race in India, London, 1932. Jain C.R. Jaina Culture, Bijnore, 1934. Jain Kailash Chand : Jainism in Rajasthan, Sholapur, 1963. Kalghatagi T.G.: Jain View of Life, Sholapur, 1963. Kapadia H.R.: Jain Religion and Literature, Lahore, 1944. Mehta M.L. Jain Culture, Varanasi, 1969. Roy Choudhary P.C.: Jainism in Bihar, Patna, 1956.. Sangave V.A. Jaina Community-A Social Survey, Bombay, 1980. Saletore B.A.: Medieval Jainism, Bombay, 1938. Sen A.C. Schools and Sects in Jain Literature, Calcutta, 1931. Sen A.C. Elements of Jainism, Calcutta, 1953. Shah U.P. Studies in Jaina Art, Banaras, 1955. Sharma S.R.: Jainism and Karnataka Culture, Dharwar, 1940. Sharma B.K. Perspective on Modern Economic and Social History, Jaipur, 1999. Shara G.N. Social Life in medieval Rajasthan, Agra, 1968. Tank U.S. Jain Historical Studies, Delhi, 1914. Tatia Nathmal: Studies in Jaina Philosophy, Banaras, 1951. The Jain Law, J.L. Jain, Aara, 1916. Tribes And Castes Of Bengal, H.H. Rizle, Calcutta, 1891. Vaidya P.L.: Jaina Dharma Ani Vangmaya (in Marathi), Nagpur, 1948. Williams R. Jaina Yoga, London, 1963. 186 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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hindI grantha 1. AcArya AdisAgara aMkalIkara- smRti-grantha, saM. zreyAMsa kumAra jaina, kiranapura (bijanaura). AcArya kunkunda : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI prakAzana, jayapura, 1990. AcArya dharmasAgara abhinaMdana - grantha, saM. paM. dharmacanda zAstrI, digambara jaina navayuvaka maNDala, kalakattA, 1981-82. AcArya mahAvIrakIrti smRti grantha, mathurA, 1974. AcArya vidyAsAgara - samagra- prakAzana, sAgara (madhyapradeza), 1992. AcArya vIrasAgara smRti grantha, saM. ravindra kumAra jaina, digambara jaina triloka zodha saMsthAna, hastinApura, 1990. AcArya zAntisAgara jI mahArAja : eka paricaya, ajIta kumAra zAstrI, dillI, 1956. AcArya zivasAgara smRti grantha, zrImatI sau. bhaMvarIdevI pAMDyA, sujAnagar3ha (rAjasthAna), 1955. AcArya zrI zAntisAgara mahArAja chANI : eka paricaya, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, digambara jaina samAja, gayA (bihAra), 1992. AdipurANa jinasenAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, 1944. AptaparIkSA, A. vidyAnandi svAmI, saM. DaoN. darabArI lAla koThiyA, vIra sevA mandira saMskaraNa, 1949. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. AptamImAMsA (devAgamastotra), A. samaMtabhadra svAmI, sampAdaka : DaoN. udayacanda jaina, gaNezavarNI jaina saMsthAna, vArANasI (u.pra.). uttarapurANa, guNabhadrAcArya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1986, upAsakAdhyayana, A. somadevasUri, saM. paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, naI dillI, 1964. 15. aise the caritra - cakravartI, AryikA, vizuddhamati, zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina - mahAsabhA, lakhanaU, 1994. khaNDelavAla jaina- samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina itihAsa prakAzana saMsthAna, jayapura, 1989. gadyacintAmaNi, vAdIbhasiMha, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, naI dillI. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, nemicandra siddhAMtacakravartI. gommaTezvara bAhubali evaM zravaNabelagolA, satIza kumAra jaina, lADAdevI granthamAlA prakAzana, kalakattA, 1992. 13. 14. 16. -- 17. 18. 19. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00187

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23. 20. golApura jaina-samAja itihAsa evaM sarvekSaNa, surendra kumAra jaina, pArasa zodha saMsthAna, sAgara, 1996. 21. golAlAre jaina-jAti kA itihAsa, rAmajIta jaina eDavokeTa, mai. lAlArAma vIrasena jaina sarrApha, bhiNDa (madhyapradeza), 1995. gRhastha dharma, zItalA prasAda, bAmbe, 1930. cAMdakher3I smArikA, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, digambara jaina atizayakSetra, cAMdakher3I, 1985. 24. jayodaya mahAkAvya-parizIlana, sakala digambara jaina-samAja, madanagaMja kizanagar3ha, 1950. 25. jiNadattacarita, sampAdaka DaoN. mAtA prasAda gupta, mahAvIra bhavana, jayapura, 1966. jaina-jAgaraNa ke agradUta, ayodhyA prasAda goyalIya, bhAratIya jJAnapITha vArANasI, 1952. 27. jaina DAyarI, jaina DAyarIja, rAmagaMja bAjAra, jayapura, 1989. 28. jainadharma, paM kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhAratI digambara jaina-saMgha, mathurA, caturtha saMskaraNa, 1966. 29. jainadharma kA prAcIna itihAsa, paM. paramAnanda zAstrI vIrasena maMdira, dillI, 1955. 30. jaina-paramparA kA itihAsa - yuvAcArya mahAprajJa, jaina vizvabhAratI, lADanU 31. jaina vidyA kA sAMskRtika avadAna, DaoN. rAmacandra. 32. jaina-zAsana, sumerucanda divAkara, zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina-mahAsabhA, prakAzana vibhAga, DImApura (nAgAlaiNDa), 1983. 33. jaina-sAhitya kA itihAsa - pUrva pIThikA, paM. kailAzacandra zAstrI, zrI gaNezavarNI digambara jaina-saMsthAna, vArANasI, 1996. 34. jaina-samAja kA vRhad itihAsa, sampAdaka DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, jaina itihAsa prakAzana saMsthAna, jayapura, 1992. 35. jaina-sAhitya aura itihAsa, paM. nAthUrAma premI, hindI grantha-ratnAkara kAryAlaya, mumbaI, 1992. 36. jaina sandeza, jainasaMgha mathurA kA mukhapatra. jainijma, eca.vI. glAsenappA, bhAvanagara, vikrama saMvat 1987. jaisavAla jaina-samAja kA itihAsa, DaoN. rAmajIta jaina, lazkara, 1988. 39. jJAnArNava, A. zubhacandra, jaina saMskRti saMrakSaka saMgha, solApura, prathama saMskaraNa, 1977. 40. jaisavAla jaina-itihAsa, rAjamatI jaina eDavokeTa, jaisavAla jaina-samAja, lazkara, 1988. 00188 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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41. tattvArtha sUtra umAsvAmI, paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhAratIya digambara jaina - saMgha, caurAsI mathurA, vI. ni. 2477, 42. tamilanADu meM jainadharma, paM. mallinAtha zAstrI, madrAsa, 1955 43. tilAyepaNapatti 44. bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, koTA, 1986. tIrthaMkara mahAvIra aura unakI AcArya paramparA, DaoN. nemicandra zAstrI, maMtrI, zrI bhA. di. jaina vidvatpariSad, sAgara (madhya pradeza), 1974. dazA zrImAlI jaina baniyAj oNpha kAThiyAvAr3a, sI. ema. dozI, bAmbe, 1953. dakSiNa bhArata meM jainadharma, paM. kailAzacanda zAstrI, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, vArANasI, 1967. 46A. digambara jaina - sAdhu, paM. dharmacanda zAstrI, dillI, 1985. 47. 48. 45. 46. 49. 50. - 51. 55. yativRSabhAcArya, TIkAkartI AryikA vizuddhamati, 56. 57. 58. 59. padmapurA-paMcakalyANaka smArikA, saM. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, digambara jaina- atizaya kSetra, padmapurA ( rAjasthAna), 1993. paramArthaprakAza TIkA, brahmadevasUri. 52. 53. pradyumnacarita, zrI digambara jaina atizayakSetra, zrI mahAvIra jI, jayapura, 1960. pallIvAla jaina-jAti kA itihAsa, DaoN. anila kumAra jaina, zrI pallIvAla sAhitya prakAzana samiti, alavara, 1985. 54. pUjya AryikA ratnamatI abhinandana grantha, bhAratavarSIya digambara jainamahAsabhA, DImApura (nAgAlaiNDa), 1983. prameyaratnamAlA, laghu anaMtavIrya. prAkRta evaM jainavidhA zodha - sandarbha, kapUracanda jaina, khataulI, 1991. premI abhinandana grantha, premI abhinandana grantha samiti, TIkamagar3ha, 1946. phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandana grantha, sampAdaka : bAbU lAla jaina, phAgulla, phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandanagrantha prakAzana samiti, vArANasI, 1985. 60. bijauliyA patrikA, bijauliyA (bhIlavAr3A), rAjasthAna 1985. 61. bulAkIcanda, bulAkI evaM hemarAja, saM. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrI mahAvIra grantha akAdamI, jayapura, 1983. dharmasthala aura usake yazasvI dharmAdhikArI zraddheya vIrendra hegar3e, nIraja jaina paMDitA candAbAI abhinandana-graMtha, saM. ena. sI. zAstrI, akhila bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahilA - pariSad, ArA, 1954. paMjAba meM hindI patrakAritA kA udaya aura vikAsa, candrakAntA sUda, dillI, 1975. paM. phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandana - grantha, bAbUlAla jaina phAgulla, phUlacanda zAstrI abhinandana - graMtha prakAzana samiti, vArANasI, 1985. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha OO 189

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62. bRhat kathAkoza, bhAratIya vidyA bhavana, bambaI, san 1943. 63. bhaTTAraka-sampradAya, vidyAdhara jauharApurakara, solApura, 1958. multAna jaina-samAja kA itihAsa, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, multAna jaina-samAja, jayapura, 1996. 65. yUropIya itihAsakAra parasavina leMDana, 1928. rAjasthAna ke jaina santa : vyaktitva evaM kRtitva, DaoN. kastUracanda kAsalIvAla, zrI digambara jaina-sAhitya zodha vibhAga, jayapura 1990. 67. vATarsa oNna yuvAnacyAMgsa Traivalsa ina iNDiyA. 68. videzoM meM jainadharma, gokulaprasAda jaina, zrI bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina mahAsabhA, naI dillI, 1997. 69. vidyAdhara se vidyAsAgara, zrI digambara jaina-atizayakSetra, maMdira saMghIjI, sAMganera, jayapura, 1986. vidvat abhinandana-grantha, cAMdamala sarAvagI cerITebala TrasTa, gohATI (AsAma), 1976. 71. zaoNrTa sTaDIz2a ina di sAiMsa oNpha kampairiTiva rilijansa, 1887, iMTroDakzana. 72. zrIpura-pArzvanAthastotra, A. vidyAnanda, vIra senA mandira sarasAvA, 1949. zrImata-purANa. SaTkhaNDAgama, A. puSpadaMta-bhUtabali, jaina sAhityoddhAraka phaMDa, vidizA. SoDaza saMskAra, lAlArAma zAstrI, jinavANI pracAraka kAryAlaya, kalakattA, 1924. samAcArapatroM kA itihAsa, ambikAprasAda bAjapeyI, lakhanaU, 1970 77. sarAka jaina-kSetroM kA sarvekSaNa, kastUracandaM kAsalIvAla, zrI digambara jaina-samAja, bihArI kaoNlonI, zAhadarA, dillI, 1996. sAiMsa oNpha kampairiTiva rilijansa, mejara janarala je.jI.Ara. phalAMga. sAMskRtika-cetanA aura jaina-patrakAritA, DaoN. saMjIva bhAnAvata, siddhazrI prakAzana, jayapura, 1990 80. siddhakSetra campApurI-mandAgiri-smArikA, saM. lAlacanda jaina, bhAratavarSIya anekAnta vidvat-pariSad, vArANasI, 1997. 81. sI.je. zAha jainijma ina nAradarna iMDiyA, draSTavya, laMdana, 1932.. 82. harivaMzapurANa, AcArya jinasena, bhAratIya jJAnapITha prakAzana, dillI, 1950 83. hindI jaina-sAhitya kA saMkSipta itihAsa, ke.pI. jaina, banArasa, 1947. 84. hindI vizvakoSa (tRtIya bhAga), zrI nagendranAtha basu. 85. hindI-sAhitya kA AdikAla, DaoN. hajArIprasAda dvivedI, banArasa, 1948. 86. hukumacanda abhinandana-grantha, saM. zrI satyadeva vidyAlaMkAra, bhAratavarSIya digambara jaina-mahAsabhA, dillI, 1951 00190 bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha

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patra-patrikAyeM 1. prAkRtavidyA 2. jaina-gajaTa 3. jaina-mitra 4. jaina-hitaiSI 5. digambara-jaina 6. jaina-siddhAMta-bhAskara 7. jaina-mahilAdarza 8. jaina-jagat 9. anekAnta 10. vIra 11. jaina-sandeza 12. sanmati-sandeza 13. vIravANI 14. samyagjJAna 15. zramaNa 16. ahiMsA-vANI 17. tIrthaMkara 18. sanmati-vANI 19. vItarAga-vANI 20. arhat-vacana 21. prAkRta-bhAratI 22. zodhAdarza 23. darzana-jJAna-cAritra 24. aMkalezvara 25. ratnatraya 26. ahiMsA 27. ahiMsA-sandeza 28. jharatA karuNA srota 29. jaina-pracAraka 30. tAraNa-bandhu 31. : bAlAdarza 32. karuNAdIpa 33. dharma-maMgala 34. samanvaya-vANI 35. yugavIra 36. pariNaya-pratIka 37. syAdvAda 38. jJAnagaMgA 39. ahiMsA-samIra 40. iNDiyana eksapresa lekha 1. mAnamala jaina, jaina-samAja kA dharma va darzana ke kSetra meM yogadAna (aprakAzita lekha, I-11, sarovara nagara, ballabhabAr3I, kottaa| 2. zrI rAmasiMha tomara, jaina-sAhitya kI hindI-sAhitya ko dena, premI abhinandana-grantha, TIkamagar3ha, 1946. bhagavAn mahAvIra kI paramparA evaM samasAmayika sandarbha 00191

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lekhaka-paricaya nAma : DaoN. triloka candra koThArI, - pitA (sva.) zrImAn sohanalAla jI koThArI mAtA (sva.) zrImatI jar3Ava devI kAThArI janmabhUmi : 'dUnI', jilA-ToMka (pAjasthAna - sahadharmiNI : zrImatI lADa devI koThArI 11 jUna san 1927 I. meM sAMskRtika dRSTi se sardAdhika samRddha rAjasthAna prAnta meM dhArmika saMskAroM se otaprota parivAra meM janme bAlaka triloka candra ke bAre meM bAlyAvasthA se hI jyotiSavidoM ne unake atyanta ujjvala bhaviSya kI sUcanA de dI thii| sAmAnya parivAra meM janma lene tathA mAtra cauthI kakSA taka zikSA prApta karane ke bAda bhI naitika, AdhyAtmika, vyAvasAdhika evaM zaikSika jagat meM Apane jina kSitijoM ko pAyA hai, ve paristhitiyoM ko dekhate haye / atyanta duSkara the| bhagavAn mahAvIra ke 'aparigraha' siddhAnta se anuprANita gA~dhIvAdI evaM sarvodayI vicAradhArA ko apanAkara apane jIvana ko 'sAdA jIvana ucca vicAra' kA anupama nidarzana banAyA hai| apAra Arthika unnati evaM vizAla audyogika sAmrAjya sthApita karake bhI / usakA upayoga deza kI berojagArI dUra karatA aura lokahitakArI yojanAoM, vizeSata: zikSA aura svAsthya ke kSetroM meM bhahanIya kArya karane meM kiyA hai| zikSA ke prati vaiyaktika samarpaNa kI parAkASThA taba pratiphalita huI, jaba Apane laukika dAyitvoM kA sundara nirvAha karane ke uparAnta jIvana ke AThaveM dazaka meM koTA mukta vishvvidyaaly'| se pI.eca.DI. kI zodha-upAdhi vidhivat rUpa se arjita kI, jo ki eka vizva kIrtimAna hai| AdhyAtmika rUpa se sudRr3hatama caritra ke dhanI Apa sadA se rahe haiN| yahA~ taka apane do yuvA-putroM ke viyogarUpI vajrapAta ko samatAbhAva se sahana kara apane lakSya ke prati aura adhika samarpita ho gye| zArIrika svAsthya kI anukUlatA na hote hue bhI ucca manobala evaM gahana dhArmika-AdhyAtmika saMskAroM se Apa sampanna haiM vividha sAmAjika evaM dhArmika saMsthAoM, AyojanoM evaM kAryakramoM se sampRkta rahe DaoN. triloka candra koThArI jaba jainadarzana aura tattvajJAna ko antarrASTrIya stara para prasArita karane ke lie kRtasaMkalpa haiN| padena Apa abhI bhI 1. oma koThArI phAuNDezana, 2. oma koThArI insTITyUTa oNpha inphormezana TeknolaoNjI, 3. oma koThArI insTITyUTa oNpha mainejameMTa, 4. triloka uccastarIya adhyayana anusaMdhAna saMsthAna, tathA 5. koThArI udyoga samUha ke pramukha haiN|

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syAdavAda aparigraha anekAntavAda ahiMsA