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JC Sikdar
Pltch, Intensity, Quality and Wave of Soand and Its Propagation
It is explained that Bhasa (sound 10corporated in speech or language) 18 slated to belong to the beings, it originates from the body, it is of the shape of agra (thunderbolt) and it reaches the last border of the universe 24 Bhasa, having originated from the body, breaks forth by two samajas (instants) There are stated to be mainly two kinds of Bhaça, viz paryapuka (developed, and arany aplika (undeveloped) Paryaptıkabhäşā bas been sub-divi ded into two kinds, viz, satyabhasa (trae speech or language) and mysabhasa (u tong or false splech or language) They are again further divided and sub-divided into inany kinds, such as, Janapada-satyabhaşa, Samyag-satya, stharana-satya, namasatya, rüpasatza, etc In reality, there are two kinds of Bhaja, viz. dravjabhaşa (physical speech) and bhavabhasa (psychical speech or language)" Dravyabhasa is sub-divided into the following groups, viz grahanam (Speech received by the self through transformation), mhsarana (that which is emitted by the function or action of lungs, pharynx, throat, etc) and paragharabhasa (speech sent out through the act of transformation by those emitted physical vocal substances)
The beings receive bhaşadranya (speech-substance) from six directions 20 Nihsaranad ravyabhasa is identical with the voice or speech of the medical Scicace, emitted by the beings In the medical science speech is regarded As material It comes out of the larynx or the organ of voice which is triangular box of cartilage and muscles situated below the pharynx and the root of the tongue It presents a considerable projection at the upper and front parts of the neck externally At the upper part of the larynx there is a lid of cartilage called the epiglottis 97 The voice is generated by forcing au from the lungs through the space between two stretched vocal chords which are stressed across the trachea with a narrow vocal slit between them, the edges of the slit acting as reeds "The two vocal chords (membraDes) aro attached to muscles by which their tension and vibration frequently can be altered" The edges of the membranes are set into vibrations like reeds by the air from the lungs and thus sound is produced, the pitch of which can be altered by altering the tension of the vocal chords, and the quality of which depends upon the air-cavities of the noso, throat and mouth which act as resonators, the shape and the size of which the speaker can vary at will 20 It u similarly explained in the Jaina Āgama that speech which is breaking forth, while speaking, is speech, but not that which was spoken before nor that which dies out after the crossing of the speaking time to
Intensity of Emitted Speech
Bhaça (sound incorporated in specah or language) breaks forth with gentle efforts, 1 c with low intensity, some speeches are emitted with
