Samanvay Shanti Aur Samatvayog Ka Adhar Anekantwad

Author(s): Pritam Singhvi
Publisher: Parshwa International Shaikshanik aur Shodhnishth Pratishthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/002458/1

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PARSVA FOUNDATION SERIES NO. 4 "Anekanta-vada as the basis of Equanimity, Tranquality and Synthisis of opposite view points" poi samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda By Dr. Pritam Singhvi (06 prakAzaka pArzva inTaranezanala zaikSaNika aura zodhaniSTha pratiSThAna ahamadAbAda

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"Anekanta-vada as the basis of Equanimity, Tranquality and Synthisis of opposite view points" samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda . By Dr. Pritam Singhvi (M.A., Ph.D., N. W. D.) prakAzaka pArzva inTaranezanala zaikSaNika aura zodhaniSTha pratiSThAna ahamadAbAda 1999

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"Anekanta-vada as the basis of Equanimity, Tranquality and Synthisis of opposite view points" (c) P. Singhvi First Edition 1999 Price: Rs. 60-00 Publisher : Dr. S. S. Singhvi Managing Trustee Parsva International Educational and Research Foundation, 4-A, Ramya Apartment, Opp. Ketav Petrol Pump, Polytechnic, Ambawadi, Ahmedabad-380015 Phone : 6562998, 6749220 prAptisthAna : sarasvatI pustaka bhaMDAra 112, hAthIkhAnA, ratanapola, ahamadAbAda-380 001 79 : 5356692 Printed by: Krishna Graphics Kirit H. Patel 966, Naranpura Old Village, Ahmedabad-380 013 * (Phone : 7484393)

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A Petal, DEDICATION At the feet of...... THE HOLY PENTD: Arihantas.... Siddhas,...... Acaryas,...... Upadyayas..... Sadhus..... and To the Memory of My Parents

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Publisher's Forword We have great pleasure in publishing Dr. Pritam Singhvi's "Anekanta-vada as the basis of Equanimity Tranquality and Synthisis of opposite view points". She has treated one of the important Jain Philosphical tenets in Comparision with Similar views in other Philosophical traditions, eastern and western. She has also touched upon modern views in this matter. H. C. Bhayani Acadamic Advisery Commitee. Parsva International Educational and Research Foundation

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AzIrvacana // namo namaH zrIgurunemisUraye // sthira ajavALU patharAze vizvabharamAM Aje anekAneka kSetramA krAnti AvI che te ja rIte vaicArika kSetre paNa krAnti AvI che. Ajano mANasa judA judA viruddha dizAnA vicArAne sAMbhaLato, vAMcato thayo che tethI te satata dvidhAmAM aTavAto rahyo che. tevA samaye AvA pustakanA vAcanathI sAma-sAmA cheDAnA vicAromAM paNa rahelI ekatAnA darzana thaI zake che. mAruM aq namra maMtavya che ke koIe paNa jainadarzana viSe kazuMya bolavU ke lakhavU hoya to teno vyavasthita abhyAsa karavo pachI ja te viSe bolavU ke lakhavaM. anyathA tene pUro anyAya thavA saMbhava che. te dizAmAM paNa DaoN. prItama siMghavIno A prayatna jarUra sthira ajavALU. pAtharanAro nIvaDaze. hajI temanA hAthe AvA ja pustako ApaNane maLatA rahe tevI AzA asthAne nahIM gaNAya. padyumnasUri mahArAja AMbAvADI, jainaupAzraya, amadAvAda-15 nUtanavarSAraMbhadina vi.saM. 2055

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Amukha zrImatI DaoN. prItama siMghavIo lakhelu prastuta pustaka 'samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda' anekAntavAda vize sAmAnyapaNe pravartatI gerasamajane dUra kare che ane anekAntavAdanA hArdane pragaTa kare che. vaLI, lokabhogya zailImAM lakhAyelo anekAntavAda vizenA hindI pustakoM nahivat hoI prastuta pustaka vizeSa AvakArya che. uparAMta, vyApaka dRSTile pustaka lakhAyuM hoI, sAmAnya vAcakane paNa temAM avazya rasa paDaze. prakaraNonI yojanA ane viSayanirUpaNanI paddhati paNa tarkayukta ane sarala che. vastumAM aneka dharmo che, pAsAM che. sarva dharmo sahita akhaMDa vastune grahaNa karavI manuSyane mATe azakya che. manuSya sva apekSA yA prayojanane anurUpa te te dharmane ke pAsAne grahaNa kare che, vastune AMzikapaNe grahaNa kare cha, samagrapaNe grahaNa karato nathI - karI zakato nathI. tenuM jJAna ane pratipAdana AMzika satyane viSaya kare che, pUrNa satyane viSaya karatuM nathI. A sabhAnatAne ja anekAntavAda prastuta kare che tathA vividha dRSTio ke AMzika satyono samanvaya karavAno prayAsa kare che. koI paNa dharmane laI sAvadhAnIpUrvaka pratipAdana karavAnI paddhatine saptabhaMgI kahevAmAM Ave che. judI judI dRSTio-apekSAo te dharma vize sAta vidhAno karI zakAya che. A sAta vidhAno ja saptabhaMgInA bhaMgo yA avayavo che. potAnA AMzika jJAnane pUrNa mAnI levAnI bhUlane kAraNe ja vaicArika asahiSNutA ane pariNAme hiMsA janme che. Ama anekAntavAda vaicArika sahiSNutA, ahiMsA, zAnti ane samanvayano poSaka che. anekAntavAda bahu upayogI che. anAthI matAgrahanA sthAne vaicArika udAratA ane dRSTinI saMkucitatAnA sthAne dRSTinI vizAlatA Ave che. bhinna bhinna vyaktionA dRSTikoNone samajavAmAM ghaNI sahAyatA maLe che. jIvananA pratyeka kSetramA sAmAjika, dhArmika, Arthika, rASTrIya AdimAM lAbhaprada che. virodhI vicArono samanvaya karanAra che. A ja vastunuM vistArathI pratipAdana prastuta graMthamAM thayu hoI vyakti ane samAjane lAbhadAyI vicArane vahana karato te puravAra thaze ama lAge che. tA. 2-10-98 nagIna jI. zAha

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prastAvanA anekAnta kI vicAradhArA bahuta prAcIna evaM vyApaka hai / veda, upaniSada, anya darzanoM, anya vaicArika saMpradAyoM, paravartI cintakoM aura paravartI dArzanika saMpradAyo meM bhI yaha vicAradhArA athavA isake samAnadharmA vicAroM kA ullekha dekhane meM AtA hai| anekAnta kI vicAradhArA cAhe jitanI prAcIna ho, yA vyApaka rahI ho, jainadarzana ke viziSTa vicAra ke rUpa meM sthApita hone ke bAda Aja taka anekAntavAda darzana kSetra meM athavA isake bAhara ke kSetroM meM bhI vicitra rUpa meM dekhA jAtA rahA hai| vAstava meM anekAnta darzana ahiMsA ko puSTa karanevAlI vicAradhArA hai| ahiMsA kA mUla udgama samatva se hotA hai, aura samatva hI anekAnta kA hRdaya hai| anekAnta kA abhiprAya hai- aneka dharmavAlA padArtha / vastu sarva dharmamaya nahIM aneka dharmamaya hai / use sarvathA eka dharmAtmaka bhI nahIM kahA jA sktaa| jaise - agni, jala, Adi / agni jvalanazIla hai, prakAzaprada hai, uSNa Adi . guNa vAlI hai| jala zItala hai, pravAhayukta hai, rUpa rasa, gaMdha varNayakta hai, bhArI hai, halkA hai, pudgala hai ityAdi / pratyeka padArtha isI prakAra vividha svadharma guNoM kA nikAya hai| yadi use kisI eka dharma se avicchina aura kUTastha mAneM to itara vidhamAna dharmoM ko asvIkAra karanA hogA / svIkArane athavA asvIkArane mAtra se padArthoM kA nirNaya siddha nahIM hotA / dArzanika dRSTi saMkucita na hokara vizAla honI cAhie / jitane bhI dharma vastu meM pratibhAsita hote hoM, una sabakA samAveza usa dRSTi meM honA caahie| yaha ThIka hai ki hamArA dRSTikoNa kisI samaya kisI eka dharma para vizeSa bhAra detA hai, kisI samaya kisI dUsare dharma para / itanA hote hue bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA ki vastu meM amukha dharma hai aura anya koI dharma nahIM / vastu kA

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pUrNa vizleSaNa karane para pratIta hogA ki vAstava meM hama jina dharmoM kA niSedha karanA cAhate haiM, ve saba dharma vastu me vidyamAna haiM / isI dRSTi ko sAmane rakhate hue vastu ananta dharmAtmaka kahI jAtI hai / vastu svabhAva se hI aisI hai ki usakA aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para hI vastu ke yathArtha jJAna yA pUrNajJAna kI ora agrasara huA jA sakatA hai / isa dRSTi kA nAma hI anekAntavAda hai| jaina dharma ne anekAnta dRSTi se vizva ko dekhA aura syAdvAda kI bhASA meM usakI vyAkhyA kI / mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI kA hI dUsarA nAma 'anekAntavAda' hai| usake mUla meM do tattva hai - pUrNatA aura yathArthatA / jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa meM pratIta hotA hai, vahI satya kahalAtA mahAvIra ke anekAntavAda kA yahI artha hai ki koI dRSTi pUrI nahIM hai, koI dRSTi virodhI nahIM hai, saba dRSTiyA~ sahayogI hai aura saba dRSTiyAM kisI baDe satya meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| . jainAcAryoM ne anekAnta ko pAribhASita karate hue likhA hai 'sarvathaikAnta pratikSepa lakSaNo'nekAMtaH arthAt anekAnta mAtra ekAMta kA niSedha hai aura vastu meM nihita paraspara viruddha dharmoM kA prakAzaka hai| __anekAntavAda jaina paraMparA kI maulika dena hai kyoMki yaha jJAna kA eka aMga hai, isake dvArA mAnasika, sAmAjika, dhArmika rAjanaitika va vyavahArika tathA AntarrASTrIya matabheda dUra kiye jA sakate haiN| isako pAkara mAnava antardRSTA banatA hai| isakA prayoga jIvanavyavahAra meM samanvayaparaka hai| yaha samatA va zAnti ko sarjatA hai, buddhi ke vaiSamya ko miTAtA hai / isake dvArA mAnava kA AcAravyavahAra pUrNata: 'manasyekaM vacasyekaM karmaNyekam ke anurUpa ho jAtA hai| .. prastuta grantha meM maiMne na kevala anekAntavAda kI jaina dRSTikoNa se vyAkhyA kI hai, apitu anya bhAratIya darzanoM evaM pAzcAtya darzanoM ke sAtha isakA tulanAtmaka vivaraNa bhI prastuta kiyA hai / Adhunika yuga meM isa siddhAnta kI aneka parivezoM meM upAdeyatA hai|

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isa vAda ke viSaya meM vidvAnoM meM bahuta vicArabhrama hai, use dUra kara isake yathArtha svarUpa ko sabake sammukha prastuta karanA Avazyaka hai / ataH isa viSaya para grantha likhanA upayukta pratIta huA / 'samanvaya, zAnti aura samatayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda' viSayaka mere isa adhyayana evaM ciMtana ko mUrta rUpa pradAna karane meM jina mahApuruSoM vicArakoM, dArzanikoM, lekhakoM, gurujanoM evaM mitroM kA sahayoga rahA hai una sabake prati AbhAra pradarzita karanA maiM apanA punita kartavya samajhatI huuN| prastuta grantha ke liye jina-jina pustakoM ko par3hA, unase saMdarbha liye aura jinakI preraNA se mujhameM yaha dRSTikoNa AyA, una sabakI maiM hRdaya se AbhAra . mAnatI huuN| RNasvIkAra una gurujanoM ke prati, jinake protsAhana evaM mArgadarzana ne mujhe isa kArya meM sahayoga diyA hai, yahA~ zraddhA prakaTa karanA bhI merA anivArya kartavya hai| AdaraNIya paMDitavarya, AgamavetA, mahAmanISI padmabhUSaNa paM. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA va sauhArda saujanya evaM saMyama kI mUrti zraddheya DA. bhAyANIjI hamezA se merI preraNA ke srota rahe haiM, isake liye maiM hRdaya se kRtajJa huuN| parama pUjya AcArya zrI vijayazIlacandrasUrijI kI preraNA va sahayoga se. yaha kArya sampanna huA, isake liye hRdaya se unakA AbhAra mAnatI huuN| DA. navInabhAI zAha kI hRdaya se kRtajJatA kA anubhava karatI hU~, jinhoMne apane pariSkRta dRSTikoNa se AvazyakatAnusAra hara samaya mArgadarzana kiyaa| tathA prastuta pustaka kA 'Amukha' likhA usake liye maiM AbhArI huuN| paramapUjya AcAryazrI vijaya pradyumnasUrijI kI atyaMta kRtajJa hU~ jinhoMne aneka kAryoM meM vyasta rahate hue bhI merI prArthanA para prastuta graMtha ke liye 'AzIrvacana' likha diyA isake liye hRdaya se unakA AbhAra mAnatI huuN| maiM apane sva. pUjya pitAzrI evaM mAtAzrI kI bhI AbhArI hU~ jinakA AzIrvAda sadA avyakta rUpa se mere sAtha rahatA hai| unhIMkI preraNA se Aja maiM

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mA~ sarasvatI kI sevA kara pA rahI huuN| lekhana kArya kI vyastatA ke avasara para mere parivAra ke sadasyoM kA jo samaya-samaya para sarAhanIya preraNA va sahayoga milatA rahA use zabdoM meM varNana karanA muzkila hai| ___ isa pustaka ko prakAzita karane ke liye pArzva inTaranezanala zaikSaNika aura zodhaniSTha pratiSThAna (ahamadAbAda) prati maiM hArdika AbhAra prakaTa karatI huuN| kriznA grAphiksa, ahamadAbAda ko sundara chapAI ke lie dhanyavAda detI DA. prItama siMghavI

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anukramaNikA viSaya praveza prathama prakaraNa anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA anekAnta kI khoja kA uddezya aura usake prakAzana kI shrte| . dvitIya prakaraNa * syAdvAda, sapta-bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa * syAdvAda * sapta-bhaMgI * syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI vizeSatA * nayavAda * pramANa tRtIya prakaraNa cAra AdhAra, pAMca kAraNa cAra AdhAra : (i) dravya (ii) kSetra (iii) kAla (iv) bhAva 29 pAMca kAraNa : (i) kAla (ii) svabhAva (iii) bhavitavyatA arthAta niyati (iv) karma arthAt prArabdha (v) puruSArtha 32 caturtha prakaraNa anekAntavAdaH samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka paMcama prakaraNa vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha kA vibhajyavAda - eka tulanA * vibhajyavAda * bhagavAna buddha ke avyAkRta prazna * loka kI nityAnityatA - sAntAnantatA * jIva - zarIra kA bhedAbheda * jIva kI nityAnityatA * bha. buddha kA anekAntavAda

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74 74 75 76 76 SaSTha prakaraNa anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyAM 1. vaidika darzana aura syAdvAda (a) sAMkhyayoga aura syAdvAda (ba) nyAya, vaizeSika aura syAdvAda (sa) pUrvamImAMsA darzana aura syAdvAda (da) vedAnta aura syAdvAda (2) cArvAka darzana aura syAdvAda (3) pAzcAtya darzana aura syAdvAda * syAdvAda aura samanvaya dRSTi saptama prakaraNa anekAntavAda : pramukha dArzanikoM kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa aSThama prakaraNa anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva upasaMhAra saMdarbha sUci 77 78 103

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viSaya praveza sRSTi ke AraMbha se Ajataka aneka RSi maharSiyoM ne tattvajJAna saMbaMdhI aneka prakAra ke naye-naye vicAroM kI khoja kI, parantu hamArI dArzanika gutthiyAM Aja bhI pahale kI taraha ulajhI par3I huI hai / jagata meM cAroM ora Aja jo dekhane ko aura jAnane ko milatA hai usameM bahuta virodhAbhAsa hai / kyA yaha saba virodhAbhAsa asatya haiM ? bhrama haiM ? __ kisI eka ko jo dIkhatA hai, samajha meM AtA hai vaha dUsare ko nahIM dikhAI detA hai, na hI samajha meM AtA hai aura taba kyA hama yaha mAnaleM ki dekhane vAle aura nahIM dekhane vAle, samajhane vAle aura nahIM samajhane vAle, sabhI loga asatya bolate haiM ? unake sAtha bAta karane para mAlUma hogA ki pratyeka vyakti apane ko saccA aura dUsare ko jhUThA mAnatA hai| ... AdhyAtmika tattvajJAna ke bAre meM bhI kucha aisA hI hai| isameM vibhinna vicAradhArAeM dekhane ko milatI hai / jaba taka jagata kA astitva hai taba taka matabheda to rahegA hii| AdikAla se matabheda calate Arahe haiM aura aMtakAla taka matamatAMtara rahane vAle haiM / matamatAMtara yA visaMvAda ke kAraNa hI isa vizva kA astitva gatizIla rahA hai| yadi ekamatatA yAne saMvAditA sthApita ho jAya to gati ruka jaayegii| isa vizva meM jIne kA jo majA hai vaha matabheda ke kAraNa hI hai| matabheda ko rokane kA jo prabala puruSArtha AdikAla se mahApuruSoM ke hAthoM se hotA AyA hai, yaha bAta baDe gaurava kI hai| phira bhI hama dekhate haiM ki matabheda kama hone ke bajAya bar3hate jA rahe haiN| parantu, isase nirAza hone ki AvazyakatA nahIM hai| jisa prakAra matabheda aura matamatAMtara anAdi aMnata hai| usI prakAra, satya kyA haiM ? yaha jAnane kI mAnava kI jijJAsA bhI AdikAla se saMcita hai aura aMtakAla taka jIvita rhegii| satya kI khoja kI icchA jaba taka manuSya ke mana se lupta nahIM hogI taba taka usakA vikAsa rukegA nahIM / yaha vizva aneka tattvoM kI samanviti hai / vedAnta darzana ne advaita kI sthApanA kI para dvaita ke binA vizva kI vyAkhyA nahIM kI jA sakI to use mAyA .

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda kI parikalpanA karanI pdd'ii| brahma ko sAmane rakhakara vizva ke mUlasrota kI aura mAyA ko sAmane rakhakara usake vistAra kI vyAkhyA kI gaI / sAMkhya-darzana ne dvaita ke AdhAra para vizva kI vyAkhyA kii| usake anusAra puruSa cetana aura prakRti acetana hai| donoM vAstavika tattva hai| vizva kI vyAkhyA ke ye do mukhya koNa hai-advaita aura dvaita / jo dArzanika vizva ke mUlasrota kI khoja meM cale, ve calate-calate cetana tattva taka pahuMce aura unhoMne cetana tattva ko vizva ke mUlasrota ke rUpa meM pratiSThita kiyaa| jina dArzanikoM ko vizva ke mUlasrota kI khoja vAstavika nahIM lagI, unhoMne usake parivartanoM kI khoja kI aura unhoMne cetana aura acetana kI svataMtra sattA kI sthApanA kii| pratyeka darzana apanI - apanI dhArA meM calatA rahA aura tarka ke avirala pravAha se use vikasita karatA rahA / isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki dArzanika jagata meM zAnti kA abhAva sA ho gayA / pArasparika virodha hI darzana kA mUla thA / hameM yaha socanA cAhie ki sabhI vAda eka dUsare ke virodhI hai, isakA kAraNa kyA hai ? vicAra karane para mAlUma paDatA hai ki isa virodha ke mUla meM mithyA Agraha hai / yahI Agraha ekAnta Agraha kahA jAtA hai| __ koI mahAtmA, paMDita, jJAnI va ciMtaka Aja apane jIvana ke anubhavoM ke AdhAra para yadi eka naye satya yA siddhAMta kA anusaMdhAna kara pAtA hai to vaha satya usa kSetra meM usa kAla meM svIkArya ho sakatA hai; paraMtu vahI aMtima satya nahIM hai| bhagavAn mahAvIrane yaha dekhA ki jitane bhI mata, pakSa yA darzana haiM ve apanA eka khAsa pakSa sthApita karate haiM aura vipakSakA nirAsa karate haiM / bhagavAn ne una sabhI tatkAlIna dArzanikoM kI dRSTioM ko samajhanekA prayatna kiyaa| aura unako pratIta huA ki nAnA manuSyoM ke vastu darzanameM jo bheda ho jAtA hai usakA kAraNa kevala vastukI anekarUpatA yA anekAntAtmakatA hI nahIM balki nAnA manuSyoM ke dekhane ke prakArakI anekatA yA nAnArUpatA bhI kAraNa hai / isIliye unhoMne sabhI matoMkoM, darzanoMko vasturUpake darzanameM yogya sthAna diyA hai| kisI matavizeSa kA sarvathA nirAsa nahIM kiyA hai| nirAsa yadi kiyA hai to isa arthameM ki jo ekAnta AgrahakA viSa thA, apane hI pakSako, apane hI mata yA darzanako

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viSaya praveza satya, aura dUsaroM ke mata, darzana yA pakSako mithyA mAnane kA jo kadAgraha thA, usakA nirAsa karake una matoM ko eka nayArUpa diyA hai / pratyeka matavAdI kadAgrahI ho kara. dUsare ke matako mithyA batAte the, ve samanvaya na kara sakane ke kAraNa ekAntavAda meM hI phasate the| bha. mahAvIrane unhIMke matoM ko svIkAra karake unameM se kadAgraha kA viSa nikAlakara sabhI kA samanvaya karake anekAntavAdarUpI saMjIvanI mahauSadhikA nirmANa kiyA hai| dArzanika dRSTikoNa saMkucita na hokara vizAla honA cAhie / jitane bhI dharma vastu meM pratibhAsita hote ho, una sabakA samAveza usa dRSTi meM honA cAhie / yaha ThIka hai ki hamArA dRSTikoNa kisI samaya kisI eka dharma para vizeSa bhAra detA hai, kisI samaya kisI dUsare dharma para / itanA hote hue bhI yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai ki vastu meM amuka dharma hai aura koI dharma nhiiN| vastu kA pUrNa vizleSaNa karane para pratIta hogA ki vAstava meM hama jina dharmoM kA niSedha karanA cAhate haiM ve saba dharma vastu meM vidyamAna hai| isI dRSTiko sAmane rakhate hue vastu anantadharmAtmaka kahI jAtI hai| vastu svabhAva se hI aisI hai ki usakA aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra kiyA jA sakatA hai aura aneka dRSTiyoM se vicAra karane para hI vastu ke yathArtha jJAna yA pUrNajJAna kI ora agrasara huA jA sakatA hai| isa dRSTi kA nAma hI anekAntavAda hai| satrahavIM sadI meM pAzcAtya rASTroM meM lIbanaTsa nAmaka vicAraka ne bhI anekAMtavAda se hI milatA-julatA abhimata prastuta kiyA to saba cakita raha gaye / usakA kathana yoM thA- "isa duniyA meM jo jar3a hai vaha kadApi satya nahIM ho sakatA vizva to cetanAmaya hai / yahA~ aneka cetanAyukta prANI hai / cetanAyukta jIvoM se jo kucha bhI kiyA jAtA hai vahI satya hai| paraMtu saMpUrNa cetanAmaya sthiti meM jo AtmA hai vahI paramAtmA hai / aura usI paramAtmA se isa vizva meM sAmarasya kI sthApanA huI hai / ' unIsavIM zatAbdI meM yUropa meM maiksagarTa nAmaka ciMtaka ne bhI gahana ciMtana ke bAda anekAMtavAda kI pratipAdanA kii| usane apane isa abhiprAya kA samarthana karate hue kahA- "isa vizva meM jitanI bhI vastue~ haiM ve saba isa vizva ke hI aMga hai / isa vizva kA satya bhAvanApradhAna tathA cetanAmaya hai|" ___ 'maiksagarTa" to eka vaijJAnika (sAiMTisTa) thaa| ataH usane jo kucha

Page #20
samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda kahA vaha atIva tAkika evaM AdhArapUrNa thA / vaijJAnikatA kI pRSThabhUmi meM usane gaMbhIra citana va manana karane ke bAda yaha udaghoSita kiyA isa vizva meM anekatA hI adhika vAstavika hai / ekAMgI dRSTikoNa se durAgraha karanA nitAMta mUrkhatA kA kAma hai / isa vizva meM AtmA to anAdi evaM anaMta hai|" pAzcAtya rASTroM me vijJAna ke prAbalya ke ahaMkAra se calanevAle garviSTha vidvAnoM ko latADate hue 'jemsa kADa' nAmaka eka manaHzAstrajJane jo kucha kahA vaha Aja bhI vicAraNIya hai| unakA abhimata thA- 'Adhunika vijJAna apane vaijJAnika sAdhanoM evaM upakaraNoM kI sahAyatA se anusaMdhAna karake jisa satya kA pratipAdana karatA hai vaha to kevala tAtkAlika satya hai, na ki carama sty| vaijJAnika loka meM jo kacha bhI satya nirUpaNa hotA hai vaha to satya kA ekAMgI svarUpa hai, na to pUrNa-satya ko ve jAnate haiM, na batA bhI pAte haiN|' TAlsaTAya ne kahIM kahA hai ki jaba maiM javAna thA to maiM socatA thA ki kaMsisTeMTa vicAraka hI asalI vicAraka hai, jo bilakula susaMgata bAta kahatA hai| eka cIja kahatA hai to usake virodha meM kabhI dUsarI bAta nahIM kahatA / lekina aba jaba maiM bUDhA ho gayA hU~ to maiM jAnatA hU~ ki jo susaMgata hai, usane. vicAra hI nahIM kiyaa| kyoMki jindagI sAre kaMTrADiksana se bharI hai| jo vicAra karegA, usake vicAra meM bhI kaMTrADikzana A jAeMge- A hI jaaeNge| vaha aisA satya nahIM kaha sakatA, jo ekAMgI, pUrNa aura dAvedAra ho / usake pratyeka satya kI ghoSaNA meM bhI jhijhaka hogii| lekina jhijhaka usake ajJAna kI sUcaka bana jAegI, jabaki jhijhaka usake jJAna kI sUcaka hai| ajJAnI jitanI tIvratA se dAvA karatA hai, utanA jJAnI ke lie karanA bahuta muzkila hai| asala meM ajJAna sadA dAvA karatA hai, dAvA kara sakatA hai / kyoMki samajha itanI kama hai, dekhA itanA kama hai, jAnA itanA kama hai , pahacAnA itanA kama hai, ki usa kama meM vaha vyavasthA banA sakatA hai| lekina jisane sArA jAnA hai, aura jindagI ke saba svarUpa dekhe, use vyavasthA banAnI muzkila ho jAtI hai| mahAvIra ke anekAnta kA yahI artha hai ki koI dRSTi pUrI nahIM hai, koI

Page #21
viSaya praveza dRSTi virodhI nahIM hai, saba dRSTiyA~ sahayogI hai aura saba dRSTiyAM kisI baDe satya meM samAhita ho jAtI hai / aura jo baDe satya ko jAnatA hai, jo virATa satya ko jAnatA hai-na vaha kisIke pakSa meM hogA na vaha kisIke vipakSa meM hogA / aisA vyakti hI niSpakSa ho sakatA hai / yaha bar3e maje kI bAta hai ki sirpha anekAnta kI jisakI dRSTi ho, vahI niSpakSa ho sakatA hai- samatva prApta kara sakatA hai / 'samatA se tAtparya hai mana kI sthiratA, rAgadveSa kA upazamana, samabhAva arthAt sukha-duHkha meM nizcala rahanA / rAga-dveSa ke bhAvoM se apane Apako haTAkara sva-svabhAva meM ramaNa karanA vastutaH samatva hai / samatA vastutaH paramAtmA kA sAkSAt svarUpa hai / isakI prApti bhAratIya naitika sAdhanA athavA yoga kA mukhya lakSya hai| rAga-dveSa Adi samasta mAnasika vikAroM tathA antardvandvo se mukta hone para hI manuSya ko samatva kI prApti hotI hai| use apane vAstavika svarUpa kA jJAna hotA hai / 'samatva kA AdhAra hai zAntarasa / AdhyAtmika zAnti mAnava hRdaya ke liye sArabhUta hai / jIvana kA koI bhI kSaNa cAhe va sukha kA ho athavA duHkha kA, AdhyAtmika zAnti kI icchA kiye bagaira nahIM gujaratA / zAntarasa kI utpatti AtmA kI svatantratA se hotI hai / isakA sambandha icchAoM ke vinAza se hotA hai| jyoM-jyoM rAga-dveSa kI AkulatA kama hotI jAtI hai aura jJAna kA Aloka phailatA jAtA hai, tyoM tyoM antaH karaNa meM zAnti kA vikAsa hotA hai / isa saMsAra meM aneka prakAra ke puruSa haiM, jo vastu tattva kI yathArthatA ko jAnanA cAhate haiM, ve sat kyA hai, asat kyA hai, dharma kyA hai, zIla kyA hai aura zAnti- azAnti kyA hai ? ina vividha dharmoM kA bodha karanA cAhate haiM / anekAnta meM yahI to hai - zAnti ke sAtha azAnti para vicAra karatA hai, sat ke sAtha asat para vicAra karatA hai aura phira saMdeza detA hai ki jJAna meM zaMkita na ho zAnti yA azAnti meM dhairya kA parityAga na kareM / ve " ahAnuiyAi susikkhajjA" yathoka zikSaNa prApta kreN| phira pAlana kareM jJAna kA, jJAna ke artha kA / kyoMki " nANaM sayA samaNuvAsijjAsi" ( AcA. 6- 1) jJAna parAkramI banAtA hai, isalie usakI ArAdhanA karanA cAhie 1

Page #22
prathama prakaraNa anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA aba anekAnta zabda para vicAra kareM / anekAnta zabda do zabdoM se milakara banA hai, eka 'aneka' zabda, dUsarA 'anta' zabda / anta zabda kI vyutpatti ratnAkarAvatArikA meM isa prakAra kI gaI hai : "amyate' gamyate- nizcIyate iti antaH dhrmH| na ekaH anekaH anekazcAsau antazca iti anekaantH|" vastu meM aneka dharmoM ke samUha ko mAnanA anekAnta hai| . anekAnta ko syAdvAda bhI kahA jAtA hai| "syAt" anekAnta dyotaka avyaya hai| vAstava meM anekAnta kyA hai ? isa prazna kA uttara isa prakAra hai :yadeva tat tadeva atat , yadevaikaM tadevAnekam / yadeva sat tadevAasat yadeva nityaM / tadevAnityamityekavastuvastutvaniSpAdaka paraspara viruddhazaktidvayaprakAzanamanekAntaH / / jo vastu tattvasvarUpa hai vahI atattvasvarUpa bhI hai / jo vastu eka hai vahI aneka bhI hai, jo vastu sat hai vahI asat bhI hai / tathA jo vastu nitya hai vahI anitya bhI hai| isa prakAra eka hI vastu ke vastutva ke kAraNabhUta paraspara virodhI dharmayugaloM kA prakAzana anekAnta hai / aura bhI dekhie "sadasannityAnityAdisarvathaikAntapratikSepalakSaNo naikAntaH / -devAgama- aSTazatI kArikA / 103

Page #23
anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA vastu sarvathA sat hI hai athavA asat hI hai, nitya hI hai, athavA anitya hI hai, isa prakAra sarvathA ekAnta ke nirAkaraNa karane kA nAma anekAnta hai / isa prakAra anekAnta meM paraspara virodhI pratIta hone vAle do dharma rahate haiN| anekAnta darzana se manuSya meM sadvicAra kA AvirbhAva hotA hai| aura pUrvAgraha athavA ekAnta haThavAda kA anta ho jAtA hai / anekAnta dRSTimAn yaha vicAratA hai ki padArtha meM eka mAtra vahI guNadharma nahIM hai, jise maiM jAnatA hU~, apitu dUsarA vyakti usameM jisa apara guNa kI sthiti batA rahA hai, vaha bhI usameM hai| yaha vicAroM kI prAMjalatA, darzana kI vyApakatA tathA sahiSNutA ko prasArita kara samanvaya mArga ko prazasta karatA hai| jaina dharma ne anekAnta dRSTi se vizva ko dekhA aura syAdvAda kI bhASA meM usakI vyAkhyA kI, isalie vaha na advaitavAdI banA aura na dvaitavAdI / usakI dhArA svataMtra rhii| phira bhI usane donoM koNoM kA sparza kiyA / anekAnta dRSTi ananta nayoM kI samaSTi hai| usake anusAra koIbhI eka naya pUrNa satya nahIM hai| aura koI bhI naya asatya nahIM hai| ve sApekSa hokara satya hote haiM aura nirapekSa hokara asatya ho jAte haiN| hama saMgrahanaya kI dRSTi se dekhate haiM taba sampUrNa vizva astittva ke mahAskaMdha meM avasthita hokara eka ho jAtA hai| isa naya kI sImA meM dvaita nahIM hotA, cetana aura acetana kA bheda bhI nahIM hotA / dravya aura guNa tathA zAzvata aura parivartana kA bheda bhI nahIM hotaa| sarvatra advaita hI advaita / yaha vizva ko dekhane kA eka naya hai| use dekhane ke dUsare bhI naya hai| hama vyavahAranaya se dekhate haiM taba vizva aneka khaNDoM meM dikhAI detA hai / isa naya kI sImA meM cetana bhI hai acetana bhI hai / dravya bhI hai aura guNa bhI hai / zAzvata bhI hai aura parivartana bhI hai / satya kI vyAkhyA kisI eka naya se nahIM ho sktii| vaha anantadharmA hai| usakI vyAkhyA ananta nayoM se hI ho sakatI hai| hama kucheka nayoM ko hI jAna pAte haiM, phalataH satya ke kucheka dharmoM kI hI vyAkhyA kara pAte haiM / koI bhI zAstra sampUrNa satya kI vyAkhyA nahIM kara pAtA aura koI bhI vyakti zAstrIya AdhAra para sampUrNa satya ko sAkSAt nahIM jAna pAtA / darzanoM kA yaha antara aura matavAdoM kA bheda hamAre jJAna aura pratipAdana zakti kI apUrNatA ke kAraNa hI cala rahA hai| yaha bheda satya ko vibhakta kie hue hai|

Page #24
samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda jitane darzana utane hI satya ke rUpa bana gae haiM / jaina darzana kA adhyayana hameM satya kI dizA meM Age le jAtA hai aura darzana ke AkAza meM chAe hue kuhAse meM dekhane kI kSamatA detA hai| dravya ke ananta dharma haiN| koI darzana kisI eka dharma ko mukhya mAnakara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai to dUsarA darzana kisI dUsare dharma ko mukhya mAnakara usakA pratipAdana karatA hai| donoM kI pRSThabhUmi meM eka hI dravya hai, kintu ekAMgI pratipAdana ke kAraNa ve virodhI se pratIta hone lagate haiM / unameM pratIta hone vAle virodha kA zamana anekAnta dRSTi se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| anekAnta ke binA ahiMsA kI gaharAI kA sparza kabhI bhI nahIM ho sktaa| kisI vyakti ke viparIta vyavahAra ko dekhakara agara hamAre mana meM usake prati ghRNA hotI hai, dveSa hotA hai, to vaha ghRNA aura dveSa saMsAra kI vRddhi ke kAraNa haiN| hiMsA kI jaDa meM hI rAga, dveSa, IrSyA aura mAyA haiM / ahiMsA kA mula udagama samatva se hotA hai, aura samatva hI anekAnta kA hRdaya hai| dUsare zabdoM meM anekAnta vaicArika ahiMsA kA vikasIta rUpa hai| paMDita sukhalAlajIkA kahanA hai ki "anekAnta dRSTi satya para khaDI hai| yadyapi sabhI mahAna puruSa satya ko pasanda karate haiM aura satya kI khoja tathA satya ke hI nirUpaNa meM apanA jIvana vyatIta karate haiM, tathApi satya ke nirUpaNa kI paddhati aura satya kI khoja sabakI eka-sI nahIM hotii| buddhadeva jisa zailI se satya kA nirUpaNa karate haiM yA zaMkarAcArya upaniSadoM ke AdhAra para jisa DhaMga se satya kA prakAzana karate haiM unase mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI judA hai| mahAvIra kI satya prakAzana kI zailI kA hI dUsarA nAma "anekAntavAda" hai / usake mUla meM do tattva hai- pUrNatA aura yathArthatA / jo pUrNa hai aura pUrNa hokara bhI yathArtha rUpa se pratIta hotA hai, vahI satya kahalAtA hai / "5 anekAnta kA udbhava anekAnta ke udbhava kA jaina darzana se sambandhita Agamika svarUpa se hama paricaya kareM / jaina Agama meM bhI aura gItA meM bhI yaha kahA gayA hai ki jaba jaba dharma kA nAza hotA hai aura adharma baDha jAtA hai / taba mahApuruSa kA

Page #25
anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA avatAra hotA hai / isa ukti ke anusAra pRthvI para jaba bahuta adharma baDha jAtA hai aura dharma kA nAza ho jAtA hai taba adharma kA nAza karane ke lie tathA dharma kI vRddhi karane ke lie mahApuruSoM kA avatAra huA karatA hai / isa anAdi niyama ke anusAra pratyeka kAla meM 24 tIrthakara utpanna hote haiM / tIrthaMkara yAne dharma kI sthApanA karake tIrtha yAne saMgha ko pravRtta karane vAle mahApuruSa / isa kAla (yuga) meM bhI 24 tIrthaMkara hue haiM aura unhoMne dharma kI sthApanA kI hai| yahA~ yaha bAta bhI dekhane kI hai ki ina 24 tIrthakaroM meM se kaiyoM ke nAma vaidika dharma ke 24 avatAroM meM parigaNita haiM, unake nAma vedoM meM bhI ullikhita . janma ke bAda tIrthaMkara yauvana meM padArpaNa karate haiM, unheM vairAgya AtA hai aura ve saMsAra ko chor3akara dIkSA yAne sanyAsa le lete haiN| kaThora tapa, sAdhanA evaM dhyAna ke dvArA apane zubha evaM azubha karmoM kA vinAza kara ve apane Atma svarUpa ko prApta kara lete haiM / isako jaina darzana me kevalajJAna honA kahate haiN| kevalajJAna yAne sarvajJatA kI sthiti / unheM saMsAra kI sUkSma se sUkSma vastu kA hastAmalakavat pratyakSa jJAna hone lagatA hai| kevala jJAna, yaha anya vastu nahIM, jisakI prApti tIrthaMkara ko hotI hai yaha to AtmA kA svarUpa hI hai / jainadarzana meM AtmA saccidAnaMdamaya mAnA jAtA hai| AtmA meM anaMta jJAna evaM anaMta Ananda hai, vaha usakA svarUpa hI hai| matalaba yaha ki unheM apane pUrNa Atma svarUpa kI abhivyakti ho jAtI hai| taba ve satya ke pracAra ke lie upadeza denA prArambha karate haiN| prathama upadeza meM unake ziSya banate haiN| ziSya pUchate haiM ki tattva kyA hai ? tIrthaMkara kA prathama vAkya yaha rahatA hai - 'uppannei vA vigamei vA dhuvei vA', yaha tIrthaMkara kA tripadI rUpa upadeza hai / isa tripadI se zAstroM kI racanA hotI hai| sabake mUla meM yaha tripadI hai| isakA artha hai- 'utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura dhruva hai yAne nitya hai' isame pratyeka vastu ko trilakSaNa pariNAma rUpa batalAyA / pratyeka vastu utpanna hotI hai, naSTa hotI hai aura usameM sthira evaM nitya tattva hai| yaha vilakSaNa pariNAmavAda kahA jAtA hai| yaha tripadI anekAntavAda kI vicAra paddhati kA sAra tattva hai / anekAnta, syAdvAda evaM nayavAda viSayaka vipula sAhitya isI kA vistAra hai / yaha tripadI hI tIrthakara

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10 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda dvArA boyA bIja hai, usI se vikasita yaha anekAnta kA vaTavRkSa hai / tripadI hI vaha nIMva hai, jisa para bAda ke AcAryoM ne jaina darzana kA bhavya prAsAda nirmita kiyA jisake AdhArabhUta vizAla stambha hai - utpAdAdi trilakSaNa pariNAmavAda, anekAnta dRSTi, syAdvAda bhASA aura Atma dravya kI svataMtra sattA / anekAnta ke udbhava ke do AdhAra haiM, itihAsa aura paramparA | paramparA kI dRSTi se isa yuga meM anekAnta ke udbhAvaka prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva haiM 1 sarva prathama yaha upadeza RSabhadeva ne diyA / 11 ataH anekAnta kA udbhava isa yuga ke prArambhakAla meM huA / aitihAsika dRSTi se anekAnta kA udbhava taiMtIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke dvArA huA / 12 unake 250 varSa ke bAda mahAvIra anekAnta ke pravartaka hue / isa yuga ke aMtima tIrthaMkara mahAvIra haiN| mahAvIra kA bhI prathama upadeza tripadI rUpa se hI huA hai 1 kisI paramparAgata mAnyatA ke sammukha natamastaka na hokara svataMtra dRSTise vastu ko dekhane kI tathA usake saMbaMdha meM anyAnya matavAdoM ke marma ko niSpakSa bhAva se samajhane aura unheM ucita mAnyatA pradAna karane kI pravRtti hI anekAnta kI janmasthalI hai / vibhinna darzanoM se dRSTa satyoM meM eka rUpatA lAne, unameM samanvaya evaM sAmaMjasya sthApita karane tathA durAgraha evaM abhiniviSTa vRtti ko chor3akara nirmala aura taTastha bhAva se satya kI khoja karane ke prayatna hI anekAnta udbhava ke hetu haiM / yahA~ AcArya haribhadra kA zloka dhyAna dene yogya hai : I ke " AgrahI bata ninISati yukti tatra yatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahitasya tu yuktiryatra tatra matireti nivezam // 13 anAgrahI evaM samabhAva vAlA vyakti nitAnta niSpakSa dRSTise vastu ko dekhane kA prayatna karatA hai / vaha vastu ke katipaya aMzoM ko hI dekhakara apane ko kRtakRtya nahIM mAnatA, kintu vaha vastu ke samagra svarUpa kA Akalana karane kA prayAsa karatA hai / usakI dRSTi vastu ke kisI AMzika saundarya se cakita ho pathabhraSTa nahIM hotI, kintu usake sampUrNa svarUpa ko dekhane ke lie Akula rahatI hai / isa vRtti kA pratiphala hI anekAnta kA udbhava hai /

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anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA I 1 anekAnta kevala jJAnajanya anubhUti hai / usI anubhUti kA vacana dvArA prakAzana syAdvAda hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavadvANI syAdvAdamayI hotI hai / 14 ataH syAdvAda kA janma bhagavAna arhanta deva kI divya bhASA ke sAtha hai / isa yuga ke Adi tIrthaMkara RSabha deva haiM / isalie unako hI syAdvAda kA Adi pravartaka kahA jA sakatA hai / bhagavAn RSabha ke anantara bAIsa tIrthaMkara usI prakAra kA upadeza apanI syAdvAdamayI vANI dvArA karate rahe haiM / 15 vartamAna samaya ke tIrthaMkara bhagavAn mahAvIra haiN| bhagavAna mahAvIra kI pratiSThA aura siddhAnta bauddha tripiTakAdi graMthoM dvArA siddha hai / isa samaya ve hI syAdvAda - siddhAnta ke puraskartA kahe jAte haiM / kahA jAtA hai ki unake hI samakAlIna saMjaya velatthaputta ne isa siddhAnta kA ajJAnavAda ke rUpa meM pratipAdana kiyA thA / usIko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne parivardhita aura pariSkRta kiyA, athavA uttara kAla meM jisa vastu ko mAdhyamikoM ne catuSkoTi vinirmukta kahA" usIko bhagavAna mahAvIra ne vidhi rUpa dekara paripuSTa kiyA / aitihAsika paMDitoM kI ye parikalpanAeM isaliye nirAdhAra haiM ki jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne anekAnta tattva kA sAkSAtkAra kiyA aura zruta- kevaliyoM ne unake artha ko anuzruta karake syAdvAda kA zruta ke rUpa meM varNana kiyaa| isake atirikta niSedha sadA vidhipUrvaka" hotA hai, ata: unake pratiSThApaka arhanta - kevalI, zruta-kevalI Adi hI haiM, sAdhAraNa vyakti nahIM / anya ArAMtiAdikoM ne unhIM kA anusaraNa kiyA hai / syAdvAda kA spaSTa ullekha samantabhadra, siddhasena, akalaMka Adi ke graMthoM meM haiM / syAdavAda kI mukhya pratiSThA kA zreya samantabhadra ko hai / siddhasena ne bhI isakI paripuSTi meM acchA bhAga liyA hai / akalaMka, haribhadra, vidyAnanda, hemacandra, Adi ne isake vikAsa meM cAra cA~da lagA diye haiN| AcArya kundakunda ne saptabhaMgI kA ullekha kiyA hai, syAdvAda kA nahIM / jo kucha bhI ho, syAdvAda jaina darzana ke tattvoM kA varNana karane meM atyanta sahAyaka siddha huA hai / I 11 anekAnta ke udbhava kartAoM ne yaha acchI taraha anubhava kiyA thA ki jIvana-tattva apane meM pUrNa hote hue bhI vaha kaI aMzoM kI akhaNDa samaSTi hai| yahI sthiti pratyeka vastu tattva kI bhI hai / ataH vastu ko samajhane ke lie aMza kA samajhanA bhI Avazyaka hai| kisI mazIna ko pUrNa rUpa se samajhane ke liye usake purjoM kA samajhanA bhI jarUrI hai / yadi hama aMza ko samajhane

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12 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda meM AnAkAnI karate raheM yA usakI upekSA karate raheM to hama aMzavAn yAne vastutattva ko usake sarvAMga - saMpUrNa rUpa meM nahIM samajha sakeMge / sAdhAraNatayA samAja meM jo jhagaDA yA vAdavivAda hotA hai, vaha durAgraha, haThavAditA aura eka pakSa para ar3e rahane ke kAraNa hotA hai| yadi hama satya kI jijJAsA se usake samasta pahaluoM ko acchI taraha dekha leM to kahIM na kahIM satya kA aMza nikala aaegaa| eka hI vastu yA vicAra ko eka tarapha se na dekhakara use cAroM ora se dekha liyA jAya, phira kisI ko etarAja bhI na rahegA / isa dRSTikoNa ko hI mahAvIra ne anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda khaa| AinsTIna kA sApekSavAda, aura bhagavAna buddha kA vibhajyavAda isI bhUmikA para khar3A hai / " anekAntavAda ina donoM kA vyApaka yA vikasita rUpa hai| isa bhUmikA para hI Age calakara saguNa aura nirguNa ke vAda-vivAda ko, jJAna aura bhakti ke jhagar3e ko sulajhAyA gyaa| AcAra meM ahiMsA kI aura vicAra meM anekAnta kI pratiSThA kara mahAvIra ne apanI dRSTi ko vyApakatA pradAna kI / anekAnta kI maryAdA anekAnta aura syAdvAda kA prayoga karate samaya yaha jAgarUkatA rakhanA. bahuta Avazyaka hai ki hama jina paraspara virodhI dharmoM kI sattA vastu meM pratipAdita karate haiM, unakI sattA vastu meM saMbhAvita hai bhI yA nahIM / anyathA kahIM hama aisA na kahane lageM ki kadAcit jIva cetana hai, aura kadAcit acetana bhI / acetanatva kI jIva meM saMbhAvanA nahIM hai / ataH yahA~ anekAnta batAte samaya asti aura nAsti ke rUpa meM ghaTAnA caahie| jaise jIvana cetana hI hai, acetana nahIM / vastutaH cetanatva aura acetanatva to paraspara virodhI dharma haiM aura nityatva-anityatva paraspara virodhI nahIM, virodhI-se pratIta hone vAle dharma haiM / ve paraspara virodhI pratIta hote haiM parantu hai nhiiN| unakI sattA dravya meM eka sAtha pAI jAtI hai / anekAnta paraspara virodhI se pratIta hone vAle dharmo kA prakAzana karatA hai / hama Upara ke prakaraNa meM batA cuke haiM ki vastusthiti ko dekhakara anekAnta kA udbhava huA hai / vastu kA jaisA rUpa - svarUpa hai usako pUrNa va yathArtha rUpa se dekhane ke lie anekAntavAda AyA hai| arthAt vastu kA svarUpa

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anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA 13 mukhya hai / jaisA vastu kA svarUpa hai, vaisA hI to hama anekAnta dRSTi se dekha sakate haiM / anekAnta ko prayukta karane meM hama itane vivekahIna na ho jAyeM ki vastu-svarUpa ke viruddha hI kahane laga jAyeM / yaha anekAntavAda kA durUpayoga hai / ataH vastu - svarUpa kI sthiti ke anusAra bahuta jAgarukatA ke sAtha anekAnta ko lAgU kiyA jAya / mahAvIra kA syAdvAda rUpI nayacakra atyanta painI dhAra vAlA hai / ise atyanta sAvadhAnI se calAnA caahie| anyathA dhAraNa karane vAle kA hI mastaka bhaMga ho sakatA hai |20 anekAnta kI khoja kA uddezya aura usake prakAzana kI zarte 1 vastu kA pUrNa rUpa meM trikAlAbAdhita - yathArtha darzana honA kaThina hai, kisI ko vaha ho bhI jAya tathApi usakI usI rUpa meM zabdoM ke dvArA ThIkaThIka kathana karanA usa satyadRSTA aura satyavAdI ke lie bhI baDA kaThina hai koI usa kaThina kAma ko kisI aMza meM karane vAle nikala bhI AeM to bhI deza, kAla, paristhiti, bhASA aura zailI Adi ke anivArya bheda ke kAraNa una sabake kathana meM kucha na kucha virodha yA bheda kA dikhAI denA anivArya hai / yaha to huI una pUrNadarzI aura satyavAdI ine-gine manuSyoM kI bAta, jinheM hama sirpha kalpanA yA anumAna se samajha yA mAna sakate haiM / hamArA anubhava to sAdhAraNa manuSyoM taka parimita hai aura vaha kahatA hai ki sAdhAraNa manuSyoM meM bhI bahuta se yathArthavAdI hokara bhI apUrNadarzI hote haiN| aisI sthiti meM yathArthavAditA hone para bhI apUrNa darzana ke kAraNa aura use prakAzita karane kI apUrNa sAmagrI ke kAraNa satyapriya manuSyoM kI bhI samajha meM kabhI-kabhI bheda A jAtA hai / aura saMskAra bheda unameM aura bhI pArasparika Takkara paidA kara detA hai| isa taraha pUrNadarzI aura apUrNadarzI sabhI satyavAdiyoM ke dvArA anta meM bheda aura virodha kI sAmagrI Apa hI Apa prastuta ho jAtI hai / yA dUsare loga unase aisI sAmagrI paidA kara lete haiM / aisI vastusthiti dekhakara bhagavAn mahAvIra ne socA ki aisA kaunasA rAstA nikAlA jAe jisase vastu kA pUrNa yA apUrNa satyadarzana karanevAle ke sAtha anyAya na ho | apUrNa aura apane se virodhI hokara bhI yadi dUsare kA darzana satya hai, isI taraha apUrNa aura dUsare se virodhI hokara bhI yadi apanA

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14 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda darzana satya hai to donoM ko hI nyAya mile isakA kyA upAya hai ? isI cintana pradhAna tapasyA ne bhagavAna ko anekAnta dRSTi sujhAI, unakA satya saMzodhana kA saMkalpa siddha huaa| unhoMne usa milI huI anekAnta dRSTi kI cAbI se vaiyaktika aura sAmASTika jIvana kI vyAvahArika aura pAramArthika samasyAoM ke tAle khola diye aura samAdhAna prApta kiyA / taba unhoMne jIvanopayogI vicAra aura AcAra kA nirmANa karate samaya usa anekAnta-dRSTi ko nimnalikhita mukhya zartoM para prakAzita kiyA aura usake anusaraNa kA apane jIvana dvArA unhIM zarto para upadeza diyA / ve zarte isa prakAra hai : rAga aura dveSajanya saMskAroM ke vazIbhUta na honA arthAt tejasvI madhyastha bhAva rakhanA / jaba taka madhyastha bhAva kA pUrNa vikAsa na ho taba taka usa lakSya kI ora dhyAna rakhakara kevala satya kI jijJAsA rkhnaa| kaise bhI virodhI bhAsamAna pakSa se na ghabarAnA aura apane pakSa kI taraha usa pakSa para bhI AdarapUrvaka vicAra karanA tathA apane pakSa para bhI virodhI pakSa kI taraha tIvra samAlocaka dRSTi rkhnaa| apane tathA dUsaroM ke anubhavoM meM se jo-jo aMza ThIka jace, cAhe ve virodhI hI pratItaM kyoM na hoM, una sabakA viveka -prajJA se samanvaya karane kI udAratA kA abhyAsa karanA aura anubhava baDhane para pUrva ke samanvaya meM jahA~ galatI mAlUma ho vahA~ mithyAbhimAna chor3a kara sudhAra karanA aura isI krama se Age baDhanA / pAdaTIpa: 1. "am gatyAdiSu" bhvAdigaNaM / 2. ratnAkarAvatArikA pR. 89 / 3. aSTasahasrI, pR.286 / AtmamImAMsA, zloka 103 / paMcAstikAya gAthA 15 / amatRcandrasUri kI TIkA pR. 30 / 4. samayasAra 10/247. AtmakhyAti / 5. darzana aura cintana : paM. sukhalAlajI /

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anekAnta kA artha, usakA udbhava tathA maryAdA 6. 'yadA yadA hi dharmasya glAnirbhavati bhArata, abhyutthAnamadharmasya tadAtmAnaM sRjAmyaham / / -gItA 4/7 7. jaina zAstroM meM kAla do prakAra ke hote haiM - utsarpiNI aura avsrpinnii| 8. RSabhadeva ke viSaya meM - Rgveda 10/11/14, 1.1.2, 45, 3, 8, 43, 12 / vaidika inDeksa bhAga 1, pR. 129 nemi ke viSaya meM - Rgveda 1, 32, 15; 141, 9, 2; 2, 5, 3, 5, 13, 6; vaidika inDeksa bhAga 1, pR. 518 / 9. ThAnAMgasuttam, sthAna 10 SaDdarzanasamuccaya, pR. 347 / 10. zramaNa saMskRti kA vikAsa evaM vistAra-DA. puSpamitra (amara bhAratI, mArca-eprila, 1971) / 11. bhAratIya darzana (baladeva upAdhyAya) pR. 91 12. pArzvanAtha ke caturyAma (dharmAnanda kauzAMbI) pR. 14 13. nyAyakhaNDanakhAdya kI bhUmikA se uddhRta / 14. . syAdvAda bhagavatapravacananaya-nyAya vinizcaya vivaraNa, pR. 364 15. savve titthayarA evameva saccaM bhAsayanti- 'AcArAMgasUtra- kalpasUtra' / 16. atthIti na bhaNAmi NatthIti na bhaNAmi ityaadi| 17. mAdhyamika kArikA - nAgArjuna / 18. vidhipUrvakatvAnniSedhasya / 88. Pandit Dalsukhbhai Malvania has shown with considerable care how what was known as the Vibhajya -vada in the later part of the Sarmana movement in India culminated in the Anekanta-vada of Mahavira. -Santisuri Nyayavatar Varttikavrtti. (Bombay : Bharatiya vidya Bhavan) 20. puruSArthasiddhayupAya zloka 59 (amRtacandra sUri) / 'atyantanizitadhAraM durAsadaM jinavarasya nayacakram / khaMDayati dhAryamANaM mUrdhAnaM jhaTiti durvidagdhAnAm / ' 21. darzana aura cintana : paM. sukhalAlajI

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dvitIya prakaraNa syAdvAda, sapta-bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa syAdvAda pratyeka vastu paraspara virodhI guNadharmoM se yukta hai tathA aise tattvoM ko anekAnta dRSTikoNa se dekhane para hI unakA vAstavika jJAna hotA hai| isa jJAna ko hama acchI taraha se prApta kara sakeM tathA usakA spaSTa rUpa se darzana ho sake isake liye koI gaNita yA paddhati hamAre pAsa ho to vaha kAphI upayogI siddha ho sakatI hai / isake jAnane ke lie jaina dArzanikoM ne syAdvAda nAma kI paddhati batAI hai| anekAntadRSTi se yaha siddha ho cukA hai ki pratyeka vastu meM paraspara virodhI ananta guNa hote haiM / isa bAta ko yuktipUrNa va tarka ke sAtha prastuta karane kI paddhati syAdvAda batAtA hai / syAdvAda, anekAntavAda athavA apekSAvAda (sApekSavAda) ke nAma se bhI jAnA jAtA hai| sAmAnya dRSTi se syAdvAda aura anekAntavAda eka jaise hI lagate haiM parantu donoM ko yadi spaSTa rUpa se samajhA jAya to mAluma hogA ki anekAntavAda ke tattvajJAna ko prastuta karane ki paddhati 'syAdvAda' hai| syAdvAda bhASA kI nirdoSa paddhati hai| syAdvAda eka bhASA prayoga hai, jisameM apanA dRSTikoNa batAte hue bhI anya dRSTikoNoM ke astitva kI svIkRti rahatI hai| jaba padArtha ananta dharma vAlA hai, taba eka dharma kA kathana karane vAlI bhASA, ekAMza meM to satya ho sakatI hai, sA~za meM nahIM \ apane dRSTikoNa ke sivAya anya dRSTikoNoM kI svIkRti 'syAt' zabda detA hai / 'syAt' zabda kahatA hai ___ "vastu kA vahI rUpa nahIM hai, jo Apa kaha rahe haiM / vastu ke ananta rUpa hai| vastu ke jisa dharma kA Apa kathana kara rahe haiM , usake atirikta bhI vastu meM bahuta-se dharma hai, unake astittva kI sUcanA hI maiM Apako kara

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17 syAdvAda, sapta-bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa rahA huuN|" . 'syAt' zabda kA artha-na sambhAvanA hai, aura na zAyada hI hai| parantu usakA artha hai - eka nizcita dRSTikoNa / syAdvAda ke marma ko jAnane vAlA kabhI bhI vastu-svarUpa ke prati anyAya nahIM karatA / syAdvAda, bhASA meM namratA aura sahiSNutA ko lekara hI vastu svarUpa kA kathana karatA hai / syAdvAda rahasyavida AcAryoM ne syAdvAda kI paribhASA ina zabdoM meM kI hai - "apane athavA dUsare ke vicAroM, mantavyoM, vacanoM tathA kArya meM tanmUlaka vibhinna apekSA yA dRSTikoNa kA dhyAna rakhanA hI 'syAdvAda' hai / isa paribhASA ko aura adhika spaSTa karate hue AcArya amRtacandra kahate haiM "jisa prakAra gvAlina maMthana karane kI rassI ke do choroM meM se kabhI eka ko aura kabhI dUsare ko khIMcatI hai, usI prakAra anekAnta-paddhati bhI kabhI vastu ke eka dharma ko mukhyatA detI hai, aura kabhI dUsare dharma ko / ' syAdvAda ko dArzanika paribhASA isa prakAra kI jA sakatI hai - 'pratyakSAdipramANAviruddhAnekAtmakavastu-pratipAdakaH zrutaskandhAtmakaH syAdvAdaH / "syAd" zabda kA artha samajhane meM kaI loga dhokhA khAjAte haiM / koI isakA artha 'saMzaya' karatA hai, to dUsarA isakA artha 'saMbhavitatA' karatA hai tathA kisI ne 'kathaciMt' artha meM prayukta kiyA hai / ye sabhI artha galata hai| jaina darzana kA virodha karane vAle isa prakAra kA galata artha nikAlakara isa mahAna tattvajJAna kI yathArthatA ke viSaya meM saMzaya khaDA karane kA prayatna karate haiM / kama samajha ke kAraNa yA talasparzI jJAna ke abhAva meM athavA Alasya aura anicchA ke kAraNa isa prakAra kA galata artha nikAla kara baiTha jAte haiM / jaina tattvavetAoM ne jisa artha meM isa zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai vo samajhane ke liye aMdara taka jAne kI anicchA rakhane vAle isa se ulajhana yA takalIpha anubhava karate haiN| jo samajhanA nahI cAhate ve apane nikAle hue artha para aDiga rahate haiM / phalasvarUpa nukasAna unheM hI hotA hai kyoMki ve loga AtmavikAsa ke eka anokhe aura sabala sAdhana se vaMcita raha jAte haiN| gujarAta ke prasiddha vidvAna

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18 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda I sva. AnaMdazaMkara dhruva ne apane eka vyAkhyAna meM syAdvAda siddhAnta ke bAre meM kahA thA ki "syAdvAda" ekIkaraNa kA bindu hamAre samakSa khaDA karatA hai zaMkarAcArya ne 'syAdvAda' ke bAre meM jo AkSepa kiyA hai vaha mUla rahasya ke sAtha saMbaMdha nahIM rakhatA hai | yaha nizcita hai ki vividha dRSTibinduoM se nirIkSaNa kiye binA koI bhI vastu, sampUrNa rUpa se samajha meM nahIM A sktii| isake liye "syAdvAda upayogI aura sArthaka hai / mahAvIra ke siddhAnta meM batAye gaye' syAdvAda ko kaI loga 'saMzayavAda' kahate haiM, isa bAta se maiM sahamata nahIM huuN| syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM hai kintu vaha hameM eka dRSTibindu dikhAtA hai- vizva avalokana kisa prakAra karanA cAhiye, yaha hameM sikhAtA hai / " syAdvAda yahI pratipAdana karatA hai, ki hamArA jJAna pUrNa satya nahIM kahA jA sakatA, vaha padArthoM kI amuka apekSA ko lekara hI hotA hai, isaliye hamArA jJAna ApekSika satya hai / pratyeka padArtha meM ananta dharma haiM / ina ananta dharmoM meM se hama eka samaya meM kucha dharmoM kA hI jJAna kara sakate haiM, aura dUsaroM ko bhI kucha dharmoM kA hI pratipAdana kara sakate haiM / jaina tattvavetAoM kA kathana haiM, ki jisa prakAra kaI aMdhe manuSya kisI hAthI ke bhinna bhinna avayavoM ko hAtha se TaTolakara hAthI ke una bhinna bhinna avayavoM ko hI pUrNa hAthI samajha kara paraspara laDate haiM, ThIka isI prakAra saMsAra kA pratyeka dArzanika satya ke kevala aMzamAtra ko hI jAnatA hai, aura satya ke isa aMzamAtra ko sampUrNa satya samajha kara paraspara vivAda aura vitaNDA khaDA karatA hai / sacamuca yadi saMsAra ke dArzanika apane ekAnta Agraha ko choDakara anekAnta athavA syAdvAda dRSTi se kAma lene lageM, to hamAre jIvana ke bahuta se prazna sahaja meM hI hala ho sakate haiM / vAstava meM satya eka hai, kevala satya kI prApti ke mArga judA judA haiM 1 alpa zaktivAle chadmastha jIva isa satya kA pUrNa rUpa se jJAna karane meM asamartha haiM, isa liye unakA sampUrNa jJAna ApekSika satya hI kahA jAtA hai / yahI jaina darzana kI anekAnta dRSTi kA gUDha rahasya hai / 1 yahA~ eka zaMkA ho sakatI hai, ki isa siddhAnta ke anusAra hameM kevala ApekSika athavA ardhasatya kA hI jJAna ho sakatA hai, syAdvAda se hama pUrNa satya nahIM jAna sakate / dUsare zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai, ki syAdvAda hameM

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syAdvAda, sapta-bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa ardha-satyoM ke pAsa le jAkara paTaka detA hai, aura inhIM ardhasatyoM ko pUrNa satya mAna lene kI preraNA karatA hai / parantu kevala nizcita-anizcita ardhasatyoM ko milAkara eka sAtha rakha dene se vaha pUrNa satya nahIM kahA jA sktaa| tathA kisI na kisI rUpa meM pUrNa satya ko mAne binA koI bhI darzana pUrNa kahe jAne kA adhikArI nahIM hai / isa bhAva ko bhArata ke prasiddha vicAraka vidvAna pro. rAdhAkriznan ne nimna prakAra se upasthita kiyA hai - * The Theory of Relativity cannot be logically sustained without the hypothesis of an absolute .... The Jains admit that things are one in their universal aspect (Jati or Karana) and many in their particular aspect (Vyakti or Karya). Both these, according to them, are partial points of view. A plurality of reals is admittedly a relative truth. We must rise to the complete point of view and look at the whole with all the wealth of its attitudes, If Jainism stops short with plurality, which is at best a relative and partial truth, and does not ask whether there is any higher truth pointing to a one which particularises itself in the objects of the world, connected with one another, vitally, essentially and immanently, it throws overboard its own logic and exalts a relative truth into an absolute one.3 isa zaMkA kA samAdhAna bahuta spaSTa hai, aura vaha yaha hai, jaisA ki Upara batAyA gayA hai, ki syAdvAda padArthoM ke jAnane kI eka dRSTi mAtra hai| syAdvAda svayaM aMtima satya nahIM hai| yaha hameM antima satya taka pahuMcAne ke liye kevala mArgadarzaka kA kAma karatA hai / syAdvAda se kevala vyavahAra satya ke jAnane meM upasthita hone vAle virodhoM kA hI samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai, isIliye jaina darzanakAroM ne syAdvAda ko vyavahAra satya mAnA hai| vyavahAra satya ke Age bhI jaina siddhAnta meM nirapekSa satya mAnA gayA hai, jise jaina pAribhASika zabdoM meM kevalajJAna ke nAma se kahA jAtA hai / syAdvAda meM sampUrNa padArthoM kA kramakrama se jJAna hotA hai, parantu kevalajJAna satyaprApti kI vaha utkRSTa dazA hai, jisameM sampUrNa padArtha aura una padArthoM kI ananta paryAyoM kA eka sAtha jJAna hotA hai| syAdvAda parokSajJAna zrutajJAna meM garbhita hotA hai, isaliye syAdvAda se kevala

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20 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda indriyajanya padArtha hI jAne jA sakate haiM, kintu kevalajJAna pAramArthika pratyakSa hai, isaliye kevalajJAna meM bhUta, bhaviSya aura vartamAna sampUrNa padArtha pratibhAsita hote haiM / ataeva syAdvAda hameM kevala jaise-taise ardhasatyoM ko hI pUrNasatya mAna lene ke liye bAdhya nahIM krtaa| kintu vaha satya kA darzana karane ke liye aneka mArgoM kI khoja karatA hai / syAdvAda kA itanA hI kahanA hai, ki manuSya kI zakti bahuta sImita hai, isaliye vaha ApekSika satya ko hI jAna sakatA hai| pahale hameM vyavahArika virodhoM kA samanvaya karake ApekSika satya ko prApta karanA cAhiye / ApekSika satyake jAnane ke bAda hama pUrNasatya-kevalajJAna-kA. sAkSAtkAra karane ke adhikArI haiN| sapta-bhaMgI jaina-darzana meM jitanA mahattva syAdvAda kA mAnA gayA hai, aura bauddhika vizleSaNa ke dvArA padArthoM kA vAstavika jJAna prApta karane ke lie jaisA upayoga syAdvAda kA kiyA jAtA hai, utanA hI mahattva aura upayoga saptabhaMgI kA bhI mAnA gayA hai / 'sapta-bhaMgI' vaha mahAn siddhAnta hai, jo vastu ke dharma para avalambita rahatA hai| astu, kisI prazna ke uttara meM yA to hama 'hA~' bolate hai yA 'nhiiN'| isI 'hA~' aura 'nahIM' ke aucitya ko lekara sapta-bhaMgIvAda kI racanA huI hai| sapta-bhaMgoM kA sAmAnya artha hai- 'vacana ke sAta prakAroM kA eka samudAya' / kisI bhI padArtha ke lie apekSA ke mahattva ko dhyAna meM rakhate hue sAta prakAra se vacanoM kA prayoga kiyA jAsakatA hai / ve sAta vacana isa prakAra haiM - 2. nahIM hai 3. hai aura nahIM hai 4. kahA nahIM jA sakatA 5. hai, parantu kahA nahIM jA sakatA 6. nahIM hai, parantu kahA nahIM jA sakatA . 7. hai aura nahIM hai, parantu kahA nahIM jA sakatA

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syAdvAda, sapta- bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa 21 paribhASA - "praznavazAdekatra vastuni avirodhena vidhi- pratiSedha- - kalpanA saptabhaMgI / " T. saptanayabhaMgI meM kIsi prazna ko lekara vastuoM meM avarodha se vidhi yA niSedha = hakArAtmaka aura nakArAtmaka pahalUoMkI kalpanA kI bhAtI hai / arthAt - prazna ke anusAra eka hI vastu meM virodha rahita vidhi aura pratiSedha kI kalpanA ko saptabhaMgI kahate haiM / kisI bhI padArtha evaM vastu ke viSaya meM sAta prakAra ke prazna ho sakate haiM, isIlie saptabhaMgI kahI gaI hai| sAta prakAra ke praznoM kA kAraNa hai sAta prakAra kI jijJAsA, aura sAta prakAra kI jijJAsA kA kAraNa hai- sAta prakAra ke saMzaya, tathA sAta prakAra ke saMzayoM kA kAraNa hai- usake viSaya-rUpa vastu ke dharmoM kA sAta prakAra se honA / * - astu, isa paribhASA yA lakSaNa se yaha spaSTa ho jAtA hai ki saptabhaMgI ke sAta 'bhaMga' kevala zAbdika kalpanA hI nahIM hai, apitu vastu ke dharma- vizeSa para Azrita hai| isalie sapta-bhaMgI kA adhyayana, manana aura cintana karate samaya isa bAta kA dhyAna rakhanA nitAnta Avazyaka hai ki usake pratyeka bhaMga kA svarUpa vastu ke dharma ke sAtha sambaddha ho / yadi kisI bhI padArtha kA koI bhI dharma dikhalAyA jAnA Avazyaka ho to, use isa prakAra dikhalAnA cAhie jisase ki una dharmoM kA sthAna usa vastu meM se vilupta na ho jAe / mAna lIjie, Apa ghaTa meM nityatva kA svarUpa dikhalAnA cAhate haiM to Apako ghaTa ke nityatva kA bodha karAne ke lie koI aisA upayukta zabda prayoga karanA hogA, jo ghaTa meM rahane vAle nityatva dharma kA bodha to karAe kintu anya anityatva Adi dharmoM kA virodha na kare / yaha kArya saptabhaMgI ke dvArA hI ho sakatA hai| yathA- 'syAd nitya eva ghaTa' athavA 'syAd anitya eva ghaTa'- arthAt ghaTa 'nitya' bhI hai aura 'anitya' bhI / dravya-dRSTi se vaha 'nitya' hai, aura paryAya- dRSTi se 'anitya' / astu, aba isI udAharaNIbhUta ghaTa para sapta- bhaGgoM kI vacana prayoga zailI isa prakAra hogI /

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22 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda yathA 1. syAd nitya eva ghaTa: 2. syAd anitya eva ghaTa: 3. syAd nityAnitya eva ghaTaH 4. syAd avaktavya eva ghaTa: 5. syAd nityo'avaktavya eva ghaTaH 6. syAd anityo'avaktavya eva ghaTaH 7. syAd nityAnitya avaktavya eva ghaTaH kisI bhI padArtha ke viSaya meM ukta sAta prakAra se hI prazna ho sakate / ataH AThavAM navAM yA dazavAM bhaGga nahIM bana sakatA / isIlie 'saptabhaGgI' meM sapta pada bilkula sArthaka evaM avadhAraNAtmaka hai, arthAt - sAta. hIM bhaGga haiM, kama yA adhika nahIM / ukta sAta vacana - prayogoM kA spaSTIkaraNa isa prakAra hai 1. ghaTa, dravya - apekSA se nitya hai / 2. ghaTa, paryAya- apekSA se anitya hai / 3. ghaTa, krama - vivakSA se nitya bhI hai aura anitya bhI / 4. ghaTa, avaktavya hai, arthAt - yugapad - vivakSa se avaktavya bhI hai / ukta cAra vaMcana-prayogoM para se pichale tIna vacana aura banAe jAte haiM / -vivakSA 5. dravya - apekSA se ghaTa 'nitya' hone ke sAtha sAtha yugapad - se 'avaktavya' hai / 6. paryAya-apekSA se ghaTa 'anitya' hone ke sAtha-sAtha yugapada-vivakSA se avaktavya hai / 7. dravya aura paryAya kI apekSA se ghaTa kramaza: 'nitya' aura 'anitya' hone ke sAtha-sAtha yugapad - vivakSA se avaktavya hai| pichale tIna vacana-prayoga, avaktavya rUpa caturtha aMga ke sAtha pahalA, dUsarA aura tIsarA milAne se banate haiM / ataH vAstava meM mukhya rUpa se tIna hI bhaGga haiM 1

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23 syAdvAda, sapta-bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa . syAdvAda ke bhaMgoM kI vizeSatA Rgveda se bha0 buddha paryanta jo vicAradhArA pravAhita huI hai usakA vizleSaNa kiyA jAya to pratIta hotA hai ki prathama eka pakSa upasthita huA jaise sat yA asat kA / usake virodhameM vipakSa utthita huA asat yA satkA / taba kisIne ina do virodhI bhAvanAoMko samanvita karane kI dRSTise kaha diyA ki tattva na sat kahA jA sakatA hai aura na asat vaha to avaktavya hai| aura kisI dUsarene do virodhI pakSoMko milAkara kaha diyA ki vaha sadasat hai / vastutaH vicAradhArAke uparyukta pakSa, vipakSa aura samanvaya ye tIna kramika sopAna haiN| kintu samanvayaparyanta AjAneke bAda phirase samanvayako hI eka pakSa banAkara vicAradhArA Age calatI hai, jisase samanvayakA bhI eka vipakSa upasthita hotA hai| aura phira naye pakSa aura vipakSake samanvaya kI AvazyakatA hotI hai| yahI kAraNa hai ki jaba vastukI avaktavyatAmeM sad aura asatkA samanvaya huA taba vaha bhI eka ekAnta pakSa bana gayA / saMsArakI gatividhi hI kucha aisI hai, manuSyakA mana hI kucha aisA hai ki use ekAnta sahya nahIM / ataeva vastukI ekAntika avaktavyatAke viruddha bhI eka vipakSa utthita huA ki vastu ekAntika avaktavya. nahIM usakA varNana bhI zakya hai / isI prakAra samanvayavAdIne jaba vastuko sadasat kahA taba usakA vaha samanvaya bhI eka pakSa bana gayA aura svabhAvataH usake virodhameM vipakSakA utthAna huA / ataeva kisIne kahA eka hI vastu sadasat kaise ho sakatI hai, usameM virodha hai / jahA~ virodha hotA hai vahA~ saMzaya upasthita hotA hai / jisa viSayameM saMzaya ho vahA~ usakA jJAna samyagjJAna nahIM ho sakatA / ataeva mAnanA yaha cAhie ki vastukA samyagjJAna nahIM / hama use aisA nahIM kaha sakate, vaisA bhI nahIM kaha sakate / isa saMzaya yA ajJAnavAdakA tAtparya vastukI ajJeyatA, anirNeyatA, avAcyatAmeM jAna paDatA hai| yadi virodhI matoMkA samanvaya ekAnta dRSTise kiyA jAya taba to phira pakSavipakSa-samanvayakA cakra anivArya hai / isI cakrako bhedanekA mArga bhagavAn mahAvIrane batAyA hai| unake sAmane pakSa-vipakSa -samanvaya aura samanvayakA bhI vivakSa upasthita thA / yadi ve aisA samanvaya karate jo phira eka pakSakA rUpa le taba to pakSa-vipakSa-samanvayake cakrakI gati nahIM rukatI / isIse unhoMne

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24 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda samanvayakA eka nayA mArga liyA, jisase vaha samanvaya svayaM Age jAkara eka naye vipakSako avakAza na de sake / unake samanvaya kI vizeSatA yaha hai ki vaha samanvaya svataMtra pakSa na hokara sabhI virodhI pakSoMkA yathAyogya saMmelana hai / unhoMne pratyeka pakSake balAbalakI ora dRSTi dI hai| yadi ve kevala daurbalyakI ora dhyAna de karake samanvaya karate taba sabhI pakSoMkA sumela hokara ekatra saMmelana na hotA kintu aisA samanvaya upasthita ho jAtA jo kisI eka vipakSake utthAnako avakAza detaa| bha0 mahAvIra aise vipakSakA utthAna nahIM cAhate the| ataeva unhoMne pratyeka pakSakI saccAI para bhI dhyAna diyA / aura sabhI pakSoMko vastuke darzanameM yathAyogya sthAna diyA / jitane bhI abAdhita virodhI pakSa the una sabhIko saca batAyA arthAt saMpUrNa satyakA darzana to una sabhI virodhoMke milana se hI ho sakatA hai, pArasparika nirAsake dvAra nahIM, isa bAtakI pratIti nayavAdake dvArA kraaii| sabhI pakSa, sabhI mata, pUrNa satyako jAnaneke bhinna bhinna prakAra hai| kisI eka prakArakA itanA prAdhAnya nahIM hai ki vahI saca ho aura dUsarA nahIM / sabhI pakSa apanI apanI dRSTise satya hai, aura inhIM saba dRSTioMke yathAyogya saMgamase vastuke svarUpakA bhAsa hotA hai / yaha nayavAda itanA vyApaka hai ki isameM eka hI vastuko jAnaneke sabhI saMbhavita mArga pRthak pRthak naya rUpase sthAna prApta kara lete haiN| ve naya taba kahalAte haiM jaba ki apanI apanI maryAdAmeM rahe, apane pakSakA spaSTIkaraNa kareM aura dUsare pakSakA mArga avaruddha na kareM paraMtu yadi ve aisA nahIM karate to naya na kahe jAkara durnaya bana jAte / isa avasthAmeM vipakSoMkA utthAna sAhajika hai| sArAMza yaha hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIrakA samanvaya sarvavyApI hai arthAt sabhI pakSoMkA sumela karanevAlA hai ataeva usake viruddha vipakSako koI sthAna nahIM raha jAtA / isa samanvayameM pUrvapakSoMkA lopa hokara eka hI mata nahIM raha jaataa| kintu pUrva sabhI mata apane apane sthAnapara raha kara vastudarzanameM ghar3Ike bhinna bhinna purjekI taraha sahAyaka hote haiM / isa prakAra pUrvokta pakSavipakSa-samanvaya ke cakrameM jo doSa thA use dUra karake bhagavAnane samanvayakA yaha nayA mArga liyA jisase phala yaha huA ki unakA vaha samanvaya aMtima hI rhaa|

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syAdvAda, sapta- bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa naya-vAda mAnava kA svastha evaM vyApaka dRSTikoNa hI use satya kI ora le jAtA hai / satya - vizAla, vyApaka, ananta aura akhaNDa hotA hai / parantu sAmAnyataH mAnava kA parimita jJAna use sampUrNa rUpa meM jAna nahIM pAtA / khaNDa rUpa meM athavA aneka aMzoM meM hI vaha vastu kA paribodha kara pAtA hai / satya ke parijJAna ke lie, kiMvA jJAta satya ko jIvana ke samatala para utArane ke lie, vyApaka dRSTikoNa kI AvazyakatA hI nahIM, anivAryatA bhI hai 25 - vyaSTi, samaSTi aura parameSThI - jIvana vikAsa kI yaha krama - paddhati hai / jaina- darzana kI satyonmukhI anekAnta dRSTi, jaina-dharma kA sarva-sahiSNu ahiMsAsiddhAnta, aura jaina - paramparA kA cirAgata samanvayavAda - ye tInoM milakara eka hI kArya karate haiM / aura vaha kArya yaha hai ki - vyaSTi apanI kSudra sImA meM kaida na ho jAe, samaSTi vyakti ke vikAsa mArga meM caTTAna banakara usake vikAsa ko avaruddha na kareM, apitu eka-dUsare se samajhotA karake donoM parameSThI ke rUpa meM pariNIta ho jAe~, parama jyoti bana jAe~ / - vastu tattva isa zubhaMkara evaM sarva hitaMkara vizAla dRSTikoNa ko jIvana meM r3hAlane se pUrva vastu tattva ke svarUpa ko samajha lenA bhI Avazyaka hai| cetana-acetanamaya isa jagata kI pratyeka vastu sat hai, zAzvata hai aura ananta hai / pratyeka vastu ananta guNa-dharmoM kA akhaNDa piNDa hai / vaha kabhI nahIM rahIyaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vaha kabhI nahIM rahegI- yaha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / vaha nahIM hai - vaha bhI nahIM kahA jA sakatA / kahA yaha jAegA ki - "vaha 3 thI, vaha hai aura vaha rahegI / " vRtta, vartamAna aura vartiSyamANa - ina tInoM kAloM meM kabhI usakA abhAva nahIM hotA / - to vastu sat hai, zAzvata hai aura nitya hai parantu kUTastha nitya nahIM, mI nitya hai| kyoMki pratyeka vastu meM pratikSaNa pUrva paryAya kA vigama aura uttara - paryAya kA utpAda hotA rahatA hai / astu, dravya-dRSTi se nitya hai, vigama aura utpAda kI dRSTi se, arthAtparyAya- dRSTi se pariNAmI pratikSaNa badalane vAlI bhI hai| kanaka ke kaMgana ko

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26 . samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda tor3akara usakA mukuTa banavA DAlA / huA kyA ? AkRti badala gaI, parantu usakA kanakatva nahIM badalA / vaha to jyoM kA tyoM hI rahA / jaisA pahale thA, vaisA aba bhI hai / siddhAnta yaha rahA ki-"dravyaM nityaM, AkRti punaranityA / " pramANa aura naya - ananta-dharmAtmaka vastu kA samyagjJAna do se hotA hai - pramANa se, aura naya se| ananta-dharmAtmaka vastu-tattva ke samagra dharmoM ko athavA usake aneka dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna-pramANa hotA hai| aura usa vastu ke kisI eka hI dharma ko grahaNa karane vAlA jJAna-naya kahA jAtA hai / ayaMghaTa:-yaha jJAna- pramANa hai, kyoMki isameM ghaTa ke rUpa, rasa, sparza aura gandha tathA kaniSTha-jyeSTha Adi samagra dharmoM kA paribodha ho jAtA hai| parantu jaba yaha kahA jAtA hai- 'rUpavAn ghaTa' taba kevala ghaTa ke ananta dharmoM meM se 'rUpa' kA hI parijJAna hotA hai, usake anya dharma-rasa, sparza aura gandha Adi kA nahIM / ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke parijJAna meM aMza kalpanA-yahI vastutaH naya hai| ataH aMzI ke kisI eka aMza kA jJAna 'naya' aura aneka aMzoM kA jJAna 'pramANa' hotA hai| ___'nayavAda' vastutaH jaina-darzana kI apanI eka viziSTa vicAra-paddhati hai| jaina-darzana pratyeka vastu kA vizleSaNa 'naya' se karatA hai| jaina-darzana meM eka bhI sUtra aura artha aisA nahIM jo naya-zUnya ho / vizeSAvazyaka bhASya meM yaha tathya isa prakAra hai "natthi naehi vihuNaM, suttaM atthoM ya jiNa-mae kiMci / " T. bina pravacana meM koi bhI sUtra ivaM artha nayoM se vihIna nahIM hai. jaina dArzanikoM ke samakSa eka bar3A hI jaTila prazna, sAtha hI gambhIra bhI thA, ki -naya kyA hai ? naya pramANa hai athavA apramANa ? yadi vaha pramANa hai, to pramANa se bhinna kyoM ? aura yadi vaha apramANa hai, to vaha mithyA jJAna hogaa| aura mithyA jJAna ke lie vicAra-jagata meM kyA kahIM sthAna hotA hai ? ina praznoM kA maulika samAdhAna jaina dArzanikoM ne baDI gambhIratA aura satarkatA se kiyA hai| ve apanI tarka-zailI meM kahate haiM "naya. na to pramANa hai, aura na apramANa / parantu pramANa kA eka aMza

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syAdvAda, sapta-bhaMgI, nayavAda, pramANa 27 hai / sindhu kA eka bindu na to sindhu hai, aura na asindhu - apitu vaha sindhu kA eka aMza hai / eka sainika ko senA nahIM kaha sakate, parantu use asenA bhI to nahIM kaha sakate, kyoMki vaha senA kA eka aMza to hai hI / naya ke sambandha meM bhI yahI satya hai / " pramANa kA viSaya anekAntAtmaka vastu hai, aura nayakA viSaya hai, usa vastu kA eka aMza / yadi naya ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI eka hI aMza (dharma) ko grahaNa karatA hai, to vaha mithyA jJAna hI rahegA / phira usake dvArA vastu kA yathArtha bodha kaise hogA ? isa prazna kA uttara bhI jaina dArzanikoM neM apanI usI satya-mUlakatarka - zailI para diyA hai / "naya ananta dharmAtmaka vastu ke eka aMza ko hI grahaNa karatA hai, yaha satya hai / parantu itane mAtra se hI vaha eka mithyA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / eka aMza kA jJAna yadi vastu ke anya aMzoM kA niSedhaka ho jAe, tabhI vaha mithyA hogA / kintu jo aMza-jJAna, apane se atirikta aMzoM kA niSedhaka na hokara, kevala apane dRSTikoNa ko hI vyakta karatA hai, to vaha mithyA jJAna nahIM ho sakatA / " jo na apane svIkRta aMza kA pratipAdana karate hue yadi apane se bhinna dRSTikoNa kA niSedha karate haiM, to nissandeha ve 'nayAbhAsa' kiMvA durnaya kahe jAe~ge / paraspara nirapekSa naya durnaya hai, aura sApekSa sunaya hai 1 nayoM kI saMkhyA yadyapi naya ananta hai, 1 kyoMki vastu ke dharma bhI ananta hai, phira bhI nayoM ke mUla meM do bheda hai- dravyArthika aura paryAyArthika abheda-gAminIdRSTi ko dravyArthika naya kahate haiM, aura bhedagAminIdRSTi ko paryAyArthika naya kahate haiM / nayoM meM naigamAdi tIna dravyArthika haiM, aura RjusUtra Adi cAra paryAyArthika hai / 1 - pramANa kisI bhI vastu kA paribodha karanA, yaha eka mAtra AtmA ke jJAna guNa

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28 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda - kA kArya hai / isa dRSTi se jJAna hI pramANa mAnA jAtA hai| jaina darzana jJAna ke atirikta kisI anya indriya Adi jaDa upakaraNoM ko pramANotvena svIkAra nahIM karatA / jisake dvArA vastu-tattva kA saMzayAdivya vacchedena yathArtha paribodha kiyA jAtA hai, vaha pramANa hai / jo jJAna svayaM apane ApakA aura apane se bhinna anya vastuoM kA bhI samyag rUpa se nizcaya karatA hai, vaha jJAna pramANa kahA jAtA hai / 7 pAdaTIpa : 1. ekenAkarSantI zlathayantI vastu-tvamitareNa / antena jayati jainI nItirmanthAna- netramiva gopI // - puruSArthasiddhyupAya 2. aSTa- sahastrI / 3. inDiyana philAsaphI ji. 1, pR. 305 - 6 / 4. syAdvAda se hI lokavyavahAra cala sakatA hai, isa bAta ko siddhasena divAkara nimna gAthA se vyakta kiyA hai 5. jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvathA Nivvaie / tassa bhuvaNeka- guruNo Namo aNergatavAyassa / / samaMtabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM syAdvAda aura kevalajJAna ke bheda ko spaSTa rUpa se vyakta kiyA hai / dekhiye - aSTasahastrI pR. 275-288 / samantabhadra ne AptamImAMsA meM syAdavAda aura kevalajJAna ke bheda ko spaSTarUpa se nimna zlokoM meM pratipAdana kiyA hai - tattvajJAnaM pramANaM te yugapatsarvabhAsanaM / kramabhAvi ca yajjJAnaM syAdvAdanayasaMskRtaM // 101 upekSAphalamAdyasya zeSasyAdAnahAnadhIH / pUrvaM vA'jJAnanAzo vA sarvasyAsya gocare // 102 syAdvAda kevalajJAne sarvatattvaprakAzane / bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca hyavastvanyatamaM bhaveta // 105 aSTa sahastrI, pR. 275 - 288 6. prakarSeNa, saMzayAdivyacchedena bhIyate, parichidyate, jJAyate vastu-tattvaM yena tat pramANam / 7. sva-para-vyavasAyi jJAnaM pramANam / - pramANanaya-tattvAloka, 1-2 |

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tRtIya prakaraNa cAra AdhAra, pA~ca kAraNa cAra AdhAra kisI bhI vastu ke bAre meM nirNaya karane ke liye atyanta Avazyaka aise AdhAra stambha samAna cAra zabdoM ko aura usakI upayogitA ko barAbara samajha lenA cAhiye / isa meM prathama AdhAra hai 'dravya' / . prathama AdhAra-'dravya' / dravya arthAt payArya / aMgrejI meM isakoM Substance athavA Matter kahate haiN| yahAM para usakA artha mUla dravya se hai| mUla se artha hai ki avasthAoM meM parivartana hone para bhI jinakA mUla dravya kAyama rahatA hai vaha dravya / udAharaNa ke taura para jevara meM sonA, pharnIcara meM lakaDA tathA ghaDe meM miTTI / jaina dharma meM jo cha: dravya batAe gaye haiM unameM kAla dravya kA isameM samAveza nahI hotA kyoMki, kAla eka viziSTa evaM avibhAjya vastu hai / isake vibhAga nahIM ho sakate / dina-rAta, ghaMTe miniTa saikaMDa ityAdi jo vibhAga hamane kAla ke kiye haiM ve sabhI kAla ke vibhAga nahIM hai / vyavahAra calAne ke lie hamane kalpanA aura buddhi kA Azraya lekara aise vibhAga kiye haiM / prAtaHkAla, sandhyAkAla, rAtri Adi jo bhI kAla hai vaha vAstava meM kAla nahI hokara prakAza Adi padArthoM kA paribhramaNa mAtra hai| kAla eka niyAmaka dravya haiM / pRthvI, pAnI, agni, vAyu, zabda ye sabhI dravya hai| ye sabhI padArtha 'pudgala' dravya meM AjAte haiN| dravya kA artha hamezA AdhArabhUta dravya ke rUpa meM kiyA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para talavAra kA mUla dravya lohA, Tebala kA mUla dravya lakaDI, vITI kA mUla dravya sonA, roTI kA mUla dravya geMU, cappala kA mUla dravya - camaDA 'ityAdi dUsarA AdhAra - 'kssetr'| kSetra zabda kA artha uparokta dravyoM ke rahane kA sthAna hotA hai / aMgrejI meM ise place athavA space kahate haiM / kSetra sambandhI uparokta artha aura usake

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30 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda vyavahAra tAttvika artha meM thoDA antara hai| udAharaNa ke taura para tapelI meM dUdha bharA huA hai| sAmAnya artha meM yahI kaheMge ki dUdha ke rahane kA kSetra tapelI hai, dRSTi se yaha mAnane meM koI bAdhA nahIM hai / parantu, kSetrakI apekSA, ko barAbara samajhanA ho to isa prakAra kI mAnyatA meM hama thApa khA jAyeMge / tapelI meM dUdha ke rahene kA jo sthala hai vaha tapelI se alaga hai / vAstava meM dUdha tapelI meM nahIM balki usake pole bhAga meM hai / isaliye 'kSetra' zabda kA upayoga jaba hama karate haiM tathA binA kisI dUsare ke AdhAra ke jo sthala- kSetra kA ullekha hai, usa artha meM kiyA jAtA hai / isameM AvazyakatAnusAra apanI viveka-buddhi kA upayoga kara sakate haiM / tapelI aura dUdha donoM apane apane kSetra se alaga hai| kSetra kI apekSA se jaba bhI vicAra karanA ho taba usa vastu ke dravya kA kSetra - usake rahane kA sthala aisA samajhanA cAhiye / tIsarA AdhAra - 'kAla' I yahA~ 'kAla' kA artha usa vastu kA - vastu ke dravya kA - hama vicAra karate haiM to usake usa astitva ke samaya se kiyA jAtA hai| vastu kA jaba parivartana hotA hai taba usa samaya jo pariNamana hotA hai, vaha usakA 'kAla' samaya hai / dravya tarIke kAla svayaM eka alaga padArtha hai, jisa vastu kA jisa samaya pariNamana hotA hai vaha samaya usa vastu kA pariNamana kA samaya hai / eka hI samaya meM bahuta sArI vastuoM kA parivartana hotA rahatA hai / kintu una sabhI vastuoM kA pariNamana- parivartana eka hI kAla meM huA aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / pratyeka vastu kA jisa samaya parivartana huA, vaha samaya usa vastu ke pariNamana kA svayaM kA samaya hai, svayaM kA kAla hai / pratyeka vastu ke kAla kA samaya usI vastu ke saMdarbha meM kiyA jAtA hai / ghaDI ke kAMTe kI dRSTi se kAla samaya eka hone ke uparAnta bhI vaha samaya ghaDI ke kAMTe kA hai kisI dUsarI vastu ke parivartana kA nahIM / udAharaNa ke taura para varSA hone kA samaya comAsA, bhagavAn mahAvIra kA Ayu kA samaya usa samaya ke 72 varSa, tIrthaMkara prabhu ke nirvANa kA kAla, jisa samaya unakA nirvANa huA vaha / isa prakAra jaba hama kisI vastu kI kAla kI apekSA kI bAta karate hai taba hameM usa vastu ke udbhava, pariNamana, astitva tathA kArya karane kA kAla

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cAra AdhAra, pA~ca kAraNa ityAdi kA dhyAna rakhanA cAhiye, isameM bhI apane viveka va buddhi kA upayoga avazya karanA caahiye| cauthA AdhAra - 'bhAva' / bhAva zabda kA artha vastu ke guNa dharma se hai| udAharaNa ke taura para rUpa, rasa, gandha, sparza, Adi sabhI bhAva meM A jAte haiM / saMkSipta meM vastu ke guNa zakti aura pariNAma ko bhAva kahane meM AtA hai| aMgrejI meM ise quality and Functions of the Substance kahate haiM / yaha sabhI guNa dharma samaya samaya para parivartita hote rahate haiN| bhAva pratyeka kA apanA sva-bhAva hai jo bhinna-bhinna hotA hai| eka vastu ke svabhAva kI dUsarI vastu ke svabhAva se samAnatA ho sakatI hai kintu sampUrNa rUpa se ekatA nahIM ho sakatI hai| pratyeka vastu kA apanA bhAva-svabhAva hotA hai jo nirantara parivartanazIla hai| hameM jaba bhAva kI apekSA se kisI vastu kA nirNaya karanA ho to jisa vastu kA nirNaya karanA ho usI vastu ke guNadharmoM ko lakSya meM rakhanA cAhiye / udAharaNa ke taura para kAlA athavA lAla ye ghaDe kA bhAva hai athavA uSNatA agni kA aura zItalatA pAnI kA bhAva haiM / jaina tattvajJAnioMne ghaDe kA udAharaNa diyA hai / usameM miTTI usakA 'dravya' hai, jahAM para banAyA gayA ho yA. rakhA gayA ho vaha usakA 'kSetra', hai jaba banA ho athavA jisa samaya use rakhA gayA ho vaha usakA 'kAla' hai tathA kAlA tathA lAla raMga yaha usakA 'bhAva' hai| dUsarI mahattvapUrNa vastu yaha hai ina cAroM apekSAoM ke 'sva' aura 'para' ye do vibhAga hai saptabhaMgI ke pahale do padoM meM 'hai' aura 'nahIM haiM aise do vidhAna kiye hue hai| ye vidhAna 'sva' aura 'para' kI apekSAoM se kiye gae haiN| 'sva' arthAta apanA aura 'para ' arthAt ' apanA nahIM' / isaliye jaba apekSA kI bAta kI jAtI hai taba vaha do prakAra se hotI haiM-eka to 'sva-dravya, sva-kSetra, sva-kAla, aura sva-bhAva' aura dUsarA 'para-dravya, para-kSetra, para-kAla aura prbhaav'| isa prakAra pratyeka vastu kA nirNaya karane meM kula ATha apekSAeM hotI hai|

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 1 vastu ke dravya, kSetra, kAla aura bhAva kI apekSAtmaka jaba 'sva' zabda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai taba usase asti' arthAta 'hai' aisA nirdeza hotA hai isI prakAra jaba ina cAra apekSAoM meM jaba 'para' zabda kA upayoga hotA hai taba 'nAsti' arthAt 'nahI hai' aisA nirdeza hotA haiM / arthAt ina cAroM meM jaba sva-svarUpa kI apekSA AtI hai taba 'hai' aisA kahate haiM aura jaba para- svarUpa kI apekSA AtI hai taba 'nahIM hai' aisA kahate haiM / 32 ina sabhI cAroM apekSAoM ke liye 'catuSTaya' zabda kA upayoga kiyA jAtA hai, cAroM kA upayoga jaba eka sAtha karanA ho taba isa zabda kA upayoga hotA hai / 'sva' aura 'para' zabda ko 'catuSTaya' zabda meM joDakara 'sva catuSTaya' aura 'para catuSTaya' aise zabdoM kA prayoga kiyA jAtA hai / pAMca kAraNa isa jagata meM jo kucha bhI kArya hotA hai usake pIche koI na koI kAraNa to honA cAhiye, hotA hI hai, kucha kAraNa dRSTigocara hote haiM, kucha adRzya hote haiM, kucha jJAta hote haiM, to kucha ajJAta hote haiM sUrya nikalatA hai aura asta hotA hai| rAta jAtI hai aura dina AtA hai / manuSya kA janma hotA hai aura mRtyu hotI hai / isake alAvA bhI sukha, duHkha, garIbI, amIrI, tandurastI tathA bImArI ityAdi bAtoM ko lekara bahuta sI ghaTanAeM hamArI najaroM ke sAmane hamezA hotI rahatI hai / aise aneka kArya anAdikAla se hote rahe haiM aura anaMtakAla taka hote rheNge| inameM se kitane hI kAryoM ke kAraNa hamArI samajha meM Ate haiM, kitaneva samajha meM nahIM bhI Ate haiM / jJAnakI sImitatA ke kAraNa bahuta sI ghaTanAoM ke kAraNa hamArI samajha meM nahIM Ate haiN| sabhI isa rAya para eka mata hai ki sabhI kAryoM ke pIche koI na koI kAraNa avazya hotA hai / vibhinna tattvavizAradoM ne isake bhinna kAraNa batAye haiM / jaina tattvavizAradoM ne isake pAMca kAraNa batAye haiM / ina pAMcoM kAraNoM ko alaga 2 svIkAra ne vAle mata bhI hai / kintu jaina dArzanikoM kA kahanA hai jahA~ taka ye pAMcoM kAraNa 1

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(2) cAra AdhAra, pA~ca kAraNa eka sAtha nahIM mile vahAM taka koI bhI kArya saMbhava nahIM hai / ye pAMca kAraNa nimnalikhita hai : (1) kAla (samaya : Time) svabhAva (vastukA guNadharma : Quality or function) (3) bhavitavyatA arthAt niyati (agamya zakti Abstruse Po tentiality) (4) karma arthAt prArabdha (nasIba : Luck) (5) puruSArtha (prayatna : effort) isa viSaya meM vibhinna mata pracalita haiN| kucha loga yaha mAnate haiM ki pratyeka kArya kA kAraNa kAla hI hai| apane apako svabhAvavAdI kahane vAle pratyeka kArya ke liye svabhAva ko hI kAraNa mAnate haiM / jaba ki niyati meM mAnane vAloM ke anusAra pratyeka kArya kA kAraNa sirpha niyati hI hai| cauthA varga karmavAdiyoM kA hai| ye loga karma ke alAvA dUsarA koI kAraNa mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM, jaba ki puruSArtha meM mAnane vAle udyamavAdI pratyeka kArya ke pIche udyama ke alAvA dUsarA koI kAraNa mAnane ko taiyAra nahIM hai| jaina dArzanIkoM ke anusAra ye pAMcoM kAraNa pratyeka kArya ko gati pradAna karate haiM (Guiding force) kA kArya karate haiM, ye pAMcoM kAraNa jaba taka eka sAtha ikaTe nahIM ho jAte taba taka sAmAnyatayA koI kArya nahIM ho sktaa| (1) kAla kevala kAla ko hI kAraNa mAnane vAloM ke anusAra pratyeka vastu niyamita samaya para paidA hotI hai aura niyamita samaya para naSTa ho jAtI hai| garbha ke andara se bAlaka, dUdha ke andara se dahI, bIja ke andara se vRkSa, vRkSa ke andara se phala eka nizcita samaya para hI hote haiM / cakravartiyoM, tIrthaMkaroM, avatAroM, bacapana, yauvana, vRddhAvasthA, janma-mRtyu ityAdi sabhI kAla ke vipAka hai| kAla ko choDakara koI bhI kArya sambhava nahIM hai| kAla ko bhI ye loga kAla hI kA kArya mAnate haiM /

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34 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda (2) svabhAva svabhAva yahA~ usake bhAva athavA guNadharma ke artha meM prayukta huA hai| svabhAvavAdI jagata kA kAraNa svabhAva ko hI mAnate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki bandhyA strI ke kabhI bAlaka nahIM hotA, hAtha kI hathelI meM athavA pA~va ke talIyeM meM kabhI bAla paidA nahIM hote, nIma ke peDa para kabhI Ama nahIM lagate, Ama kI guTalI ke andara se kabhI nAriyala yA kelA nahIM nikalatA, mora ke paMkha mora ke zarIra para hI paidA hote hai, parvata kI sthiratA, vAyu kI asthiratA, . ityAdi svabhAva kA hI pariNAma hai, kAla kA nahIM. machalI aura tumbA pAnI para tairatA hai| kaMkara aura patthara pAnI meM DUba jAte haiM / uSNatA kA svabhAva vAlA sUrya, zItalatA kA svabhAva vAlA candramA, ganne kI miThAsa ityAdi sabhI apane svaguNoM ke hisAba se calate haiN| isaliye kArya kA kAraNa kAla nahIM hokara svabhAva hai| (3) bhavitavyatA jo loga bhavitavyatA ko pAnate haiM unake anusAra jo kArya nahIM hone kA hotA hai vaha nahIM hotA hai tathA jo honA hotA hai vaha hotA hI hai| vyakti ko niyati jisa ora le jAtI hai usa ora nahI cAhane para bhI use jAnA par3atA hai / niyati meM ho to binA kisI koziSa ke vastu mila jAtI hai| garbha se paidA hone vAle sabhI bAlaka jIvita nahIM rahate / Ama ke per3a para lagane vAle sabhI phUla Ama meM parivartita nahIM hote / ghane jaMgala meM se aura yuddhabhUmi se vyakti jIvita lauTakara AjAtA hai aura ghara meM Akara bistara para mRtyu ko prApta karatA hai| isaliye ina sabhI ghaTanAoM ke liye bhavitavyatAvAdioM ke anusAra niyati jimmedAra hai / niyati hI ina saba kAryoM kA kAraNa hai| yahA~ hameM bhavitavyatA kA artha spaSTa rUpa se samajha lenA cAhiye / sAdhAraNatayA isa zabda kA do arthoM meM prayoga kiyA jAtA hai| (1) karma ke anusAra vyakti kA bhAgya hotA hai| (2) Izvara kI kRpA athavA icchA / 'maiMne yaha kArya kiyA hai' aisA

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cAra AdhAra, pA~ca kAraNa 35 mAnanA mithyA hai / Izvara kI icchA ke binA eka pattA bhI hila nahIM sakatA aisA mAnane vAle aura kahane vAle bhavitavyatA arthAt niyati kA artha kevala Izvara kI icchA, aisA mAnate haiN| ye donoM artha galata hai| yahA~ bhavitavyatA do meM se kisI bhI eka artha meM prayukta nahIM huA hai| jaina tattvajJAnI kartA ke rUpa meM Izvara ke astitva ko svIkAra nahIM karate / koI bhI kArya karane kI icchA yaha eka manuSya sulabhavRtti hai aura aisI vRtti jisameM ho use Izvara nahIM mAnA jA sakatA. hindu dharma meM Izvara ke sAkAra aura nirAkAra do svarUpa mAne gaye haiM jo donoM svarUpa Izvara ko kriyAzIla kartA ke svarUpameM mAnate haiM / jaina tattvajJAna ise svIkAra nahIM karatA / ___ jaina tattvajJAnI bhavitavyatA urpha niyati kA artha 'nizcita huA' aisA karate haiM / kAla ke do vibhAga hai / utsarpiNI aura avasarpiNI; pratyeka vibhAga meM bAraha cakravartI aura caubIsa tIrthaMkara hote haiM, aisA hI nizcita kama hai aura isakA kAraNa vaha loga bhavitavyatA mAnate haiN| dUsare cAra kAraNoM ke sAtha milakara yaha kAraNa kArya karAtA hai| jaina dArzanikoM ke anusAra pratyeka kArya ke pIche pAcavA~ anivArya kAraNa niyati hotA hai| isa vizva kI racanA meM tathA saMsAra kI ghaTanAoM meM kitane hI aise kArya hote haiM jinake pIche kAla, svabhAva, karma aura udyama rUpI kAraNoM ke alAvA koI aura agamya kAraNa bhI hotA hai| ye cAra kAraNa jaba paryApta nahIM hote taba ina cAroM ko sAtha rakhakara pAcavA kAraNa bhI kAma karatA hai| udAharaNa ke taura para jainazAstra meM kAla ke jo vibhAga batAye gaye haiM unameM kitane hI kArya kramazaH aura nizcita rUpa meM hote haiM, utsarpiNI kAla meM rUpa, rasa, gaMdha, zarIra, AyuSya, vaibhava Adi kI kramazaH vRddhi hotI hai| jaba ki avasarpiNI kAla meM vaibhava kramazaH kama-jyAdA hotA rahatA hai| manuSya ke zarIra kA pramANa-kada avasarpiNI ke prArambha meM jo hotA hai vaha kama hotA jAtA hai| isI prakAra manuSya kI Ayu bhI kama hotI jAtI hai| avasarpiNI vibhAga jaba purA ho jAtA hai aura utsarpiNI zuru hotA hai taba kada aura pramANa bar3hate jAte haiM / yaha krama kAlacakra ke pratyeka vibhAga meM nizcita hotA hai| ina saba

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36 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 1 ke pIche kAraNa ke rUpa meM 'bhavitavyatA' kA pramukha bhAga hotA hai / yahA~ para yaha dhyAna rakhane yogya hai ki kisI bhI kArya ke pIche bhavitavyatA ko akelA tathA svatantrata kAraNa ke rUpa meM jaina dArzanikoM ne svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| 1 eka bAta aura jo dhyAna dene yogya hai vaha yaha ki jahA~ cAra kAraNa sAtha milakara kisI eka kArya ko nahIM kara sakate vahA~ para hI 'niyati' AtI hai, aisA nahIM hai / pratyeka kArya meM pA~coM kAraNa sammilita hokara sAmAnyatayA kArya karate haiM / kintu pratyeka kArya meM bhinna-bhinna apekSA se koI kAraNa mukhya rUpa se kArya karatA hai jabaki dUsare usameM goNa rUpa se upasthita rahate haiN| yadi niyati ko hI eka mAtra kAraNa mAnA jAya to karma aura puruSArtha kI bAta pUrNa rUpa se samApta ho jAtI hai / isIliye jaina tattvajJAnI bhavitavyatA ko pA~ca meM se eka kAraNa hI mAnate haiM / ( 4 ) karma jaina aura hindI paribhASA meM 'karma' zabda vibhinna arthoM meM prayukta huA haiN| jaina paribhASA 'mana-vacana-kAyA' kahatI hai, jaba ki hindu paribhASA meM 'mana-vANI aura karma' kA kathana hai| kAyA se hone vAlI kriyA hai- sthUla karma / mana aura vANI se honI vAlI sthUla sUkSma kriyA bhI karma hai| jaina dharma meM 'karma' zabda pAribhASika dRSTi se 'bandhana' ke artha meM prayukta hai, kriyA yA kArya zabda se karma ke arthakI abhivyakti kI jAtI hai| karma ke sarvathA binA kSaya kiye baMdhana meM se mukti nahI hai aisA jaina darzana kA kathana hai / vahA~ karma kA artha kArya yA karttavya na karate hue pAribhASika liyA gayA hai / mana, vacana aura kAyA ke zubhAzubha upayoga dvArA karmaNA ke pudgala paramANuoM ko AtmA apanI ora khIMcatI hai aura ve paramANu AtmapradezoM meM cipaka jAte haiM isa prakriyA ko jaina darzana 'karma baMdhana' kahatA hai, binA rAga aura dveSa kiye mana, vacana aura kAyA ke dvArA yadi kArya yA kriyA kI jAya to adhyavasAya ke anusAra karmabaMdha hogA / isa dRSTi se karma zabda jaina darzana meM viziSTa pAribhASika artha meM prayukta huA hai I - namaskAra mahAmantra meM aSTa karma rahita siddhadeva se pahale, karmacatuSTayaparahita arihanta deva ko 'namo arihaMtANaM' pada se praNAma kiyA gayA hai, kyoMki

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cAra AdhAra, pA~ca kAraNa 37 arihantadeva mahAna karmayogI hote haiM / unake bAda 'namo siddhANaM' pada se siddha deva ko praNAma kiyA gayA hai| kyoMki siddhAvasthA meM yadyapi AtmA zuddhatama ho jAtI hai, phira bhI 'karmayoga' nahI hotA hai isase siddha hotA hai ki karmayoga vyakti ko siddhadeva se bhI prathama vandanIya banAtA hai / isase baDhakara karmayoga kI mahattA ke liye kauna sA pramANa ho sakatA hai| jaina darzana meM karma sambandhI vicAra sUkSma, vyavasthita aura ativistRta hai| karma zAstra ko jaina sAhitya kA hRdaya kahanA caahiye| dhana, zarIra Adi bAhya vibhUtiyoM meM Atma-buddhi karanA, arthAt jaDa meM ahaMtva karanA, bAhya dRSTi hai / isa abheda-bhrama ko bahirAtmabhAva siddha karake use chor3ane kI zikSA, karma-zAstra detA hai| jinake saMskAra kevala bahirAtmabhAvamaya ho gae haiM unheM karma-zAstra ke upadeza bhale hI rUcikara na ho, parantu isase usakI saccAI meM kucha bhI antara nahIM paDa sakatA / .. zarIra aura AtmA ke abheda bhrama ko dUra karA kara, usa ke bheda-jJAna ko (viveka-khyAti ko) karma-zAstra prakaTAtA hai / isI samaya se antardRSTi khulatI hai| antardRSTi ke dvArA apane meM vartamAna paramAtma-bhAva dekhA jAtA hai| paramAtmabhAva ko dekhakara use pUrNatayA anubhava meM lAnA, yaha jIva ziva (brahma) honA hai / isI brahma-bhAva ko vyakta, karAne kA kAma kucha aura DhaMga se hI karmazAstra ne apane para le rakhA hai| kyoMki vaha abheda-bhrama se bheda jJAna kI tarapha jhukAkara, phira svAbhAvika abhedadhyAna kI ucca bhUmikA kI ora AtmA ko khIMcatA hai| basa usakA kartavya-kSetra utanA hI hai| sAtha hI yoga-zAstra ke mukhya pratipAdya aMza kA varNana bhI usameM mila jAtA hai| isalie yaha spaSTa hai ki karmazAstra, aneka prakAra ke AdhyAtmika zAstrIya vicAroM kI khAna hai| vahI usakA mahatva hai / nIce ke zloka meM yahI cIja kahI gaI hai / kSmAbhRkakayormanISijaDayoH sadrUpanIrUpayoH / zrImadurgatayo balAbalavatornIrogAtayoH / saubhAgyAsubhagatvasaMgamajuSo tulye'pi nRtve'ntaraM,

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38 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda yattatkarmanibandhanaM tadapi no jIvaM vinA yuktimat // . dInAkRta TIkA karma ko sabhI kAryoM kA kAraNa mAnane vAle apane Apako 'karma kAraNavAdI' kahate haiM / ye loga kAla, svabhAva, bhavitavyatA Adi ko nahIM mAnate, unakA kahanA hai - - jagata meM jo kucha bhI hotA hai vaha karma ke kAraNa hI hotA hai| karma se hI jIva kIDA, preta, manuSya yA deva banatA hai| karma ke kAraNa rAma ko vana meM jAnA paDA, karma ke kAraNa sItA para kalaMka lagA aura use agniparIkSA denI paDI, karma ke pratApa se hI rAmAyaNa, mahAbhArata aura pAnipata ke yuddha hue, do vizva yuddha hue tathA hiTalara kA patana huA, kRSNa kA vadha huA, isAmasIha ko krosa para laTakAyA gayA tathA gAMdhIjI kI pistola kI golI se mRtyu huii| karma se hI rAjA raMka aura raMka rAjA bana jAtA hai| udyama karane vAle bhaTakate rahate haiM jabaki karma kI vajaha se vyakti sotA huA bhI saphalatA prApta kara letA karma se eka varSa taka tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva ko anna prApta nahIM huA aura mahAvIra prabhu ke kAna meM kIle DAle gaye / karma se hI nepoliyana zahanazAha banA aura karma ke hI kAraNa bAda meM kedI bana kara kArAvAsa meM mRtyu ko prApta huA / karma kAraNavAdI apane mata ke samarthana meM eka manoraMjaka dRSTAMta prastuta karate haiM - kisI eka sthAna para eka bA~sa kA TokarA rakhA huA thaa| usameM kisI ne eka sA~pa ko bandha karake rakhA huA thA / eka cuhe ko lagA ki isa Tokare meM use kucha khAne ko milegaa| isaliye usane Tokare ko kutara kara usameM baDA sA cheda banAyA / pahale to sA~pa bhaya se satarka ho gayA / kintu jaise hI cuhA andara gayA sA~pa usako nigala gayA aura cheda ke andara se bAhara nikala kara vana meM calA gyaa| sarpa ko bhakSya aura mukti ye donoM eka sAtha mila gii| lekina udyama karane vAlA cuhA mRtyu ko prApta huaa| kahiye isameM karma balavAna hai yA nahIM ? isa jagata meM sabhI kAryoM kA kAraNa karma hI hai| yahA~ karma zabda kA artha pUrva meM kiye gae karma aura usake dvArA jo prArabdha likhA jAtA hai usa

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cAra AdhAra, pA~ca kAraNa artha meM prayoga kiyA gayA haiN| hama jise udyama, yA puruSArtha kahate haiM usa artha meM 'karma' zabda kA upayoga nahIM kiyA gayA / (5) udyama - yahA~ para udyama zabda kA artha puruSArtha se hai| udyamavAdI mAtra udyama ko sabhI kAryoM kA kAraNa mAnate haiM / vaha jo kahate haiM vaha sunane lAyaka hai| kAla, svabhAva, niyati athavA karma asamartha hai sirpha udyama samartha hai| udyama karane se rAmacandrajI sAgara ko pAra kara gaye, udyama se hI unheM laMkA kA rAjya prApta huA jise unhoMne vibhISaNa ko supurda kara diyaa| puruSArtha se pANDavoM ne kauravoM ko yuddha meM parAjita kiyA / . udyama kiye binA kheta me se anAja aura tila ke andara se tela nahIM nikalatA / udyama kiye binA taiyAra bhojana kA eka kora bhI mukha meM nahIM jA sakatA, udyama ke binA khetI kI paidAvAra nahIM hotI / eka bAra udyama karane se yadi kArya siddha nahIM ho to, dUsarI bAra, tIsarI bAra phira se udyama karane se kArya avazya siddha hotA hai| ye vizeSa meM kahate haiM ki karma to putra hai, udyama kA phala hai| udyama usakA pitA hai / udyama se karma kiye jAte haiM tathA usase hI karmoM kA nivAraNa bhI hotA hai / dRDhapaharI ne hatyAeM karake ghora karma kA upArjana kiyA phira bhI cha: mahIne taka udyama karake usane unakI nirjarA kI / udyama se hI artha, kAma, dharma aura mokSa prApta hotA hai| vidyA aura kalA bhI udyama se hI prApta hotI hai| udyamavAdiyoM ke anusAra jagata ke sAre kArya udyama se hI hote haiM / udyama ke sivAya sabhI kAraNa nirarthaka, arthahIna aura napusaMka haiM / eka hI kAraNa ko mAnanevAle ke uparAnta, pA~ca kAraNoM ko eka samUha meM mAnanevAlA varga bhI hai| jaina dArzanika pA~coM kAraNoM ko eka samUha meM prastuta karate haiM / unakA kahanA hai ki jahA~ taka pA~coM kAraNa eka sAtha nahIM milate taba taka koI kArya saMbhava nahIM hotA / pratyeka vastu ke guNa dharma aura kAryakAraNa bhAva ko samajhAne kA jaina tattvajJAniyoM kA tarIkA anokhA aura nirAlA hai| vo vastu ke kisI

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40 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda eka aMta meM - eka svarUpa meM - ekAnta meM nahIM mAnate / unakI dRSTi anekAnta hai / unakA kahanA hai ki kisI eka kAraNa se sabhI kArya hote haiM aisA mAnanA ekAntasUcaka hai / ekAnta mithyAtva hai jabaki anekAnta samyaktva hai| ___ pA~ca UgaliyA~ athavA do hAtha jaba milate haiM taba koI kArya sampanna hotA hai| hAtha nahIM ho to hama kucha pakaDa nahIM sakate aura pA~va ke binA calanA asambhava hai| do hAthoM ke binA tAlI nahIM bajhatI / Agraha meM Akara kisI eka vastu yA kAraNa ko mahattva dene se koI artha nahIM nikalatA / jahA~ taka pA~coM kAraNa eka sAtha nahIM milate vahA~ taka kisI bhI kArya kA honA asambhava hai|

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caturtha prakaraNa anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka anekAntavAda bhAratIya darzanoM ki eka saMyojaka kar3I aura jaina darzana kA hRdaya hai / isake bIja Aja se sahastroM varSa pUrva saMbhAvita jaina AgamoM meM utpAd vyaya, dhrauvya, syAsti, syAnnAsti, dravya guNa, paryAya, saptanaya Adi vividha rUpoM meM bikhare par3e haiM / siddhasena, samantabhadra Adi jaina dArzanikoM ne saptabhaMgI Adi ke rUpa meM tArkika paddhati se anekAntavAda ko eka vyavasthita rUpa diyA / tadanantara aneka AcAryoM ne isa para agAdha vAGmaya racA jo Aja bhI usake gaurava kA paricaya detA hai / vigata 1500 varSoM meM syAdvAda dArzanika jagata kA eka sajIva pahalU rahA aura Aja bhI hai / saMsAra ke jitane bhI vidvAna isa tarka paddhati ke paricaya meM Ate haiM, ve sabhI isa para mugdha ho jAte haiM / DA. harmana jekobI, Do. sTInakono, 1 DA. TesIorI, Do. pArolDa, jArja barnArDa zA, jaise coTI ke pAzcAtya vidvAnoM ne isa siddhAnta kI mukta kaNTha se prazaMsA kI hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA yugadarzana - praNayana kA yuga thA / AtmA, paraloka, svarga, mokSa, hai yA nahIM ina praznoM kI gUMja thii| sAmAnya viSaya bhI bahuta carce jAte the / mahAtmA buddha madhyama pratipadAvAda yA vibhajyavAda ke dvArA samajhAte the| saMjaya velaTThiputa nipekSavAda yA anizciyavAda kI bhASA meM bolate the / bhagavAn mahAvIra kA pratipAdana syAdvAda ke sahAre hotA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne AtmA Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke svarUpanirUpaNa ke avasara para kabhI mauna dhAraNa nahIM kiyA / jaba kabhI koI jijJAsu unake samIpa AyA aura usane AtmA Adi atIndriya padArthoM ke saMbaMdha meM koI prazna pUchA taba bhagavAn ne anekAnta dRSTi ke AdhAra para usake prazna kA samAdhAna karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| jabaki bhagavAn mahAvIra ke samakAlIna tathAgata buddha ne isa prakAra ke praznoM ko avyAkRta koTi meM DAla diyA thA / bhagavAna mahAvIra ke yuga ke pracalita vAdoM kA adhyayana jaba kabhI hama prAcIna 4

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42 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda I sAhitya kA anuzIlana karate samaya karate haiM, taba jJAta hotA hai ki eka AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM hI kisa prakAra kI vibhinna dhAraNAe~ usa yuga meM thI / AtmA ke saMbaMdha meM isa prakAra ke vibhinna vikalpa usa samaya pracalita the - AtmA hai bhI, nahIM bhI, nitya bhI, anitya bhI, kartA bhI aura akartA bhI - Adi Adi / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne apanI anekAntamayI aura ahiMsAmayI dRSTi se apane yuga ke vibhinna vAdoM kA samanvaya karane kA saphala prayatna kiyA thA / bhagavAn mahAvIra ne kahA sva-svarUpa se AtmA hai, para svarUpa se AtmA nahIM hai / dravyadRSTi se AtmA nitya hai, aura paryAvadRSTi se AtmA anitya hai / dravya-dRSTi se AtmA akartA hai aura paryAya dRSTi se AtmA kartA bhI hai| vastutaH vastu-svarUpa ke pratipAdana kI yaha udAra dRSTi hI anekAntavAda hai / anekAnta dRSTi kA aura anekAntavAda kA jaMba hama bhASA ke mAdhyama se kathana karate haiM taba usa bhASAprayoga ko syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI kahA jAtA hai / anekAntavAda kA AdhAra hai, saptanaya / aura saptanaya kA AdhAra hai saptabhaMga eMva saptavikalpa | bhagavAn mahAvIra ne anekAnta dRSTi aura syAdvAda kI bhASA kA AviSkAra karake dArzanika jagata kI viSamatA ko dUra karane kA prayatna kiyA thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki bhagavAn mahAvIra kI yaha ahiMsAmUlaka anekAnta dRSTi aura ahiMsAmUlaka saptabhaMgI jaina darzana kI AdhAra - zilA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIra ke pazcAt vibhinna yugoM meM honevAle jaina AcAryoM ne samaya-samaya para anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda kI yugAnukUla vyAkhyA karake use pallavita aura puSpita kiyA hai / isa kSetra meM sabase adhika aura sabase pahale anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda ko vizada rUpa dene kA prayatna AcArya siddhasena divAkara ne tathA AcArya samantabhadra ne kiyA thA / ukta donoM AcAryoM ne apane-apane yuga meM upasthita honevAle samagra dArzanika praznoM kA samAdhAna karane kA prayatna kiyA / AcArya siddhasena ne apane " sanmatitarka" nAmaka graMtha meM sanayoM kA vaijJAnika vizleSaNa kiyA hai / jabaki AcArya samantabhadra ne apane " AptamImAMsA" graMtha meM saptabhaMgI kA sUkSma vizleSaNa aura vivecana kiyA hai. madhya yuga meM isI kArya ko AcArya haribhadra aura AcArya akalaMkadeva ne Age baDhAyA / navyanyAyayuga meM vAcaka yazovijayajI ne anekAntavAda aura syAdvAda para navyanyAya - zailI meM tarka- graMtha likhakara donoM siddhAMto ko ajeya banAne kA saphala prayatna kiyA hai| bhagavAna mahAvIra se prApta

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka . 43 mUla dRSTi ko uttarakAla ke AcAryoM ne apane yuga kI samasyAoM kA samAdhAna karate hue vikasita kiyA hai| koI bhI padArtha syAdvAda kI maryAdA kA ullaMghana nahIM kara sakatA - "AdIpamAvyoma samasvabhAvaM syAdvAdamudrAnatibhedi vastu" -anyayogavyavacchedadvAtriMzikA anekAntavAda kA AdhAra na liyA jAe to vyAvahArika aura dArzanika donoM dRSTiyoM se kAphI ulajhaneM khar3I ho jAtI hai| eka hAthI ko dekhane vAle sAta andhoM kA dRSTAnta syAdvAda ke samarthana ke rUpa meM prasiddha hai| eka vyakti kavi hai, lekhaka hai, vaktA hai, kalAkAra hai, citrakAra hai, saMgItakAra hai, aura bhI na jAne kyA-kyA hai / kavitA-goSThI meM usakA kavi rUpa sAmane AtA hai usa samaya usakI dUsarI-dUsarI vizeSatAe~ samApta nahIM ho jAtI para eka samaya meM eka vizeSatA kI hI carcA hotI hai| usake lie koI yaha kahe ki yaha kavi hI hai, isa kathana meM satyatA nahIM rahatI / isalie syAdvAda ko samajhane vAlA vyakti kahegA-syAd yaha kavi hai / eka apekSA se yaha kavi hai kintu anya apekSAoM se vaktA, lekhaka Adi bhI hai, jinakI carcA kA yahA~ prasaMga nahIM hai| vartamAna meM je vizeSatA carcA kA viSaya hotI hai, vaha pradhAna bana jAtI hai aura anya vizeSatAe~ gauNa ho jAtI hai| isa dRSTi se syAd zabda paripUrNa satya kA vAcaka bana jAtA hai| - apUrNa satya vyakti ke mana meM bhrama utpanna kara detA hai| usake AdhAra para vaha sahI yA galata kA nirNaya nahIM kara pAtA / eka vastu hai aura use jAnane yA dekhane vAle aneka haiM / sabake pAsa apanI-apanI dRSTiyA~ haiM / bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNoM se samajhI huI vastu kA svarUpa eka samAna nahIM ho sakatA / eka himAlaya parvata ke bAre meM cAra vyaktiyoM ke bhinnabhinna dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para Apa isa tathya ko adhika spaSTatA se samajha sakate haiM / cAra parvatArohI himAlaya kI evaresTa coTI para pahu~ce / cAroM vyakti cAra sthAnoM meM khaDe the / vahA~ se unhoMne himAlaya parvata ke citra liye / cAroM apane-apane citra lekara logoM se mile| unhoMne sabako citra dikhAe aura kahA

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda himAlaya aisA hai / cAroM citroM meM asamAnatA thI / pratyeka parvatArohI apane citra ko sahI batA rahA thaa| darzaka loga ulajhana meM paDa ge| Akhira eka vyakti ne sabakI ulajhana samApta karate hue batAyA kI ye cAroM citra himAlaya ke haiN| cU~ki ye bhinna-bhinna sthAnoM se lie gae haiM, isalie inameM bhinnatA svAbhAvika hai / amuka sthAna para khaDe hone se jo dRzya dikhAI detA hai, vaha dUsare sthAna se dRSTigocara nahIM ho sakatA / dRSTikoNa kI bhinnatA se tathyoM meM bhinnatA A jAtI hai / Apa cAroM vyakti sahI haiN| cAroM ke citra himAlaya ke citra haiM para inake sAtha sthAna vizeSa kI vivakSA jor3anI hogI / 44 uparyukta udAharaNa syAdvAda kA bodha karAne meM sahAyaka hai / eka vastu ko hama bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se dekheMge to usake svarUpa meM antara nizcita rhegaa| isa antara ko samajhane ke lie una-una dRSTiyoM ko samajhanA Avazyaka hai aura yahI syAdvAda hai / jaina darzana meM isakA sthAna bahuta mahattvapUrNa hai / 1 vastu ananta dharmAtmaka hai, isalie visadRza bhI hai aura sadRza bhI hai| eka padArtha dUsare padArtha se visadRza hotA hai, isalie ki unake guNa samAna nahIM hote / ve donoM sadRza bhI hote haiM, isalie ki unake aneka guNa samAna bhI hote haiM / cetana guNa kI dRSTi se jIva pudgala se bhinna hai to astitva aura prameyatva guNa kI apekSA vaha pudgala se abhinna bhI hai / koI bhI padArtha dUsare padArtha se na sarvathA bhinna hai, aura na sarvathA abhinna, kintu bhinnAbhinna hai / vaha vizeSa guNa kI dRSTi se bhinna hai aura sAmAnya guNa ki dRSTi se abhinna / bhagavatI sUtra hameM batAtA hai "jIva pudgala bhI hai aura pudgalI bhI hai / zarIra AtmA bhI hai aura AtmA se bhinna bhI hai / zarIra rUpI bhI hai aura arUpI bhI hai, sacita bhI hai aura acita bhI hai|" jIva kI pudgala saMjJA hai, isalie vaha pudgala hai / vaha paudgalika indriya sahita hai, pudgala kA upabhoktA hai, isalie pudgalI hai; athavA jIva aura pudgala meM nimittanaimittika bhAva hai / saMsArI dazA meM jIva ke nimitta se pudgala kI pariNati hotI hai aura pudgala ke nimitta se jIva kI pariNati

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka hotI hai, isalie pudgalI hai| . zarIra AtmA ko paudgalika sukha-duHkha kI anubhUti kA sAdhana banAtA hai , isalie vaha usase abhinna hai| AtmA cetana hai, kAya acetana hai| vaha punarbhavI hai, kAya ekabhavI hai / isalie ye donoM bhinna haiM / sthUla zarIra kI apekSA vaha rUpI hai aura apane svarUpa kI apekSA vaha arUpI hai / zarIra AtmA se kvacit apRthaka bhI hai, isa dRSTi se jIvita zarIra cetana hai / vaha pRthak bhI hai isa dRSTi se acetana, mRta zarIra acetana hI hotA hai| ___yaha pRthvI syAt hai, syAt nahIM hai aura syAt avaktavya hai / vastu svadRSTi se hai, para-dRSTi se nahIM hai, isalie vaha sat-asat ubhaya rUpa hai / eka kAla meM eka dharma kI apekSA vastu vaktavya hai aura eka kAla meM aneka dharmoM kI apekSA vastu avaktavya hai| isalie vaha ubhaya rUpa hai / jisa rUpameM sat hai, usa rUpa meM sat hI hai aura jisa rUpa meM asat haiM usa rUpa meM asat hI hai| vaktavya-avaktavya kA yahI rUpa banatA hai| upaniSada meM eka ziSya ne guru se pUchA - " he bhagavan ! aisI kaunasI vastu hai jisake jJAna se vastumAtra kA jJAna ho jAya ?" (muNDaka 1-13) aisA hI eka prazna pUchanevAle dUsare vidyArthI zvetaketu ko usake pitA AruNi ne kahAH miTTI ke eka loMde ko jAna lene se miTTI se banI huI sabhI vastuoM kA jJAna ho jAtA hai-ekena mRtpiNDena vijJAtena mRNmayaM vijJAtaM syAt / (chAMdogya6-1-4) jaina dharma ne vaha bAta to batAI so batAI kintu sAtha hI meM usase phalita honevAle eka upasiddhAnta kA bhI nirmANa kiyA aura syAdvAda kA svarUpa-varNana karate hue kahA ki jo eka padArtha ko sarvathA jAnatA hai vaha sabhI padArthoM ko sarvathA jAnatA hai / jo sarva padArthoM ko sarvathA jAnatA hai vaha eka padArtha ko bhI sarvathA jAnatA hai| "eko bhAvaH sarvathA yena dRSTaH sarvebhAvAH sarvathA tena dRSTAH / sarvebhAvAH sarvathA yena dRSTAH eko bhAvaH sarvathA tena dRSTaH // arthAt sabhI padArthoM ko unake sabhI sthAnAntaroM sahita jAnane vAlA

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda sarvajJa hI eka padArtha ko pUrNa rUpa se jAna sakatA hai| sAmAnya vyakti eka bhI padArtha ko pUrA nahIM jAna sakatA / aisI avasthA meM amuka vyakti ne amuka bAta mithyA kahI, aisA kahane kA hameM koI adhikAra nahIM / yaha adhikAra to sarvajJa ko hI hai| vyakti kA padArtha viSayaka jJAna adhUrA hotA hai, ataH yadi koI apane adhUre jJAna ko pUrNa jJAna ke rUpa meM dUsaroM ke sAmane rakhane kA sAhasa karatA ho aura vahI saccA aura dUsare saba jhUThe aisA kahatA ho to hama use itanA avazya kaha sakate hai ki "tuma apanI maryAdA kA ullaMghana kara rahe ho / " isase adhika hama use kucha nahIM kaha sakate / jaina-darzana pratipAdita "syAdvAda' siddhAnta se aisA phalita hotA hai| anekAntavAda kI isa viziSTatA ko hRdayaMgama karake hI jaina dArzanikoM ne use apane vicAra kA mUlAdhAra banAyA hai| vastutaH vaha samasta .dArzanikoM kA jIvana hai , prANa hai| jainAcAryoM ne apanI samanvayAtmaka udAra bhAvanA kA paricaya dete hue kahA hai-ekAnta vastugata dharma nahIM, kintu buddhigata kalpanA hai / jaba buddhi zuddha hotI hai to ekAnta kA nAma-nizAna nahIM rahatA / dArzanikoM kI bhI samasta dRSTiyA~ anekAnta dRSTi meM usI prakAra vilIna ho jAtI hai jaise vibhinna dizAoM se AnevAlI saritAe~ sAgara meM ekAkAra ho jAtI hai|' prasiddha vidvAna upAdhyAya yazovijayajI ke zabdoM meM kahA jA sakatA hai-'saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM kara sakatA / vaha ekanayAtmaka darzanoM ko isa prakAra vAtsalya kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai jaise koI pitA apane putroM ko dekhatA hai| anekAntavAdI na kisI ko nyUna aura na kisI ko adhika samajhatA hai - usakA sabake prati samabhAva hotA hai / vAstava meM saccA zAstrajJa kahalAne kA adhikArI vahI hai jo anekAntavAda kA avalambana lekara samasta darzanoM para samabhAva rakhatA ho / madhyasthabhAva rahane para zAstra ke eka pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai, anyathA koTi-koTi zAstroM ko par3ha lene para bhI koI lAbha nahIM hotA / haribhadrasUri ne likhA hai-AgrahazIla vyakti yuktiyoM ko usI jagaha khIMcatAna karake le jAnA cAhatA hai jahA~ pahale se usakI buddhi jamI huI hai, magara pakSapAta se rahita madhyastha puruSa apanI buddhi kA niveza vahIM karatA hai jahA~

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka . 47 yuktiyA~ use le jAtI hai / anekAnta darzana yahI sikhAtA hai ki yukti-siddha vastu-svarUpa ko hI zuddha buddhi se svIkAra karanA cAhie / buddhikA yahI vAstavika phala hai / jo ekAnta ke prati AgrahazIla hai aura dUsare satyAMga ko svIkAra karane ke lie tatpara nahIM hai, vaha tattva rUpI navanIta nahIM pA sktaa| gopI navanIta tabhI pAtI hai jaba vaha mathAnI kI rassI ke eka chora ko khIMcatI hai aura dUsare chora ko DhIlA hor3atI hai| agara vaha eka hI chora ko khIMce aura dUsare ko DhIlA na chor3e to navanIta nahIM nikala sakatA / isI prakAra jaba eka dRSTikoNa ko gauNa karake dUsare dRSTikoNa ko pradhAna rUpa se vikasita kiyA jAtA hai tabhI satya kA amRta hAtha lagatA hai| ataeva ekAnta ke gandale pokhara se dUra raha kara anekAnta ke zItala svaccha sarovara meM avagAhana karanA hI ucita hai| syAdvAda kA udAra dRSTikoNa apanAne se samasta darzanoM kA sahaja hI samanvaya sAdhA jA sakatA hai / AcArya samantabhadra ne spaSTa kiyA hai, "syAdvAda aura kevalajJAna donoM hI vastutattva ke prakAzaka haiM / bheda itanA hI hai ki kevalajJAna vastu kA sAkSAt jJAna karAtA hai jabaki syAdvAda zruta hone se asAkSAt jJAna karAtA hai|" syAdvAda kA suvyavasthita nirUpaNa jaina-darzana ne kiyA, yaha ThIka hai, kintu yaha niyama to jagat jitanA hI prAttona tathA vyApaka hai / malliSeNa ke kathAnusAra syAdvAd saMsAravijayI aura niSkaNTaka rAjA hai / "evaM vijayini niSkaNTake syAdvAdamahAnarendre" isa siddhAnta kA ullekha Rgveda taka meM milatA hai "ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti' / (Rgveda 1/164/46) eka hI sat tattva kA vipra vividha prakAra se varNana karate haiM - yaha syAdvAda kA bIjavAkya hai / jaina darzana kI dRSTi ke anusAra eka hI padArtha ke viparIta varNana apanI apanI dRSTise sacce haiM / pAribhASika zabdoM meM kahA jAya to pratyeka padArtha meM "viruddhadharmAzrayatva" hai / isa prakAra kA paraspara virodhI varNana upaniSada meM bhI eka jagaha AtA hai| AtmA ke viSaya meM upaniSadakAra kahate haiM "vaha calatA hai, vaha sthira hai, vaha dUra hai, vaha samIpa hai, vaha sarvAntargata hai, vaha sabhI se bAhara hai"- "tadejati tannajati tadre tadantike / tadantarasya

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda sarvasya tadsarvasyAsya bAhyataH / " Iza - 5 sokreTIsa ko apane jJAna kI apUrNatA kA, - usakI alpatA kA pUrA bhAna thA / isa maryAdA ke bhAna ko hI usane jJAna athavA buddhimattA kahA hai / vaha kahatA thA ki maiM jJAnI hU~ kyoMki maiM jAnatA hU~ ki maiM ajJa huuN| dUsare jJAnI nahIM haiM kyoMki ve yaha nahIM jAnate ki ve ajJa haiN| svAmI dayAnaMda sarasvatI se pUchA gayA "Apa vidvAna haiM yA avidvAna?" svAmI jI ne kahA "dArzanika kSetra meM vidvAna aura vyApArika kSetrameM avidvaan|" yaha anekAntavAda nahIM to kyA hai ? pleTo ne isa syAdvAda athavA sApekSavAdakA nirUpaNa vistAra se kiyaa| usane kahA ki hama loga mahAsAgara ke kinAre khelanevAle una baccoM ke samAna haiM jo apanI sIpiyoM se sAgara ke pUre pAnI ko nApanA cAhate haiN| hama una sIpiyoM se mahodadhi kA pAnI khAlI nahIM kara sakate phira bhI apanI choTI-choTI sIpiyoM meM jo pAnI ikaTThA karanA cAhate haiM, vaha usa arNava ke pAnI kA hI eka aMza hai, isameM koI saMzaya nahIM / usane aura bhI kahA hai ki bhautika padArtha sampUrNa sat aura asat ke bIca ke ardhasat jagat meM rahate jaina kI taraha usane bhI jagata ko sadasat kahate hue samajhAyA ki vRkSa, pakSI, athavA manuSya Adi "hai" aura "nahI' hai" arthAt eka dRSTi se "hai" aura anya dRSTise "nahIM hai" "athavA" eka samaya meM "hai" aura dUsare samaya meM nahIM hai athavA nyUna yA adhika hai, athavA parivartana yA vikAsa kI kriyA se gujara rahe haiM / sat aura asat donoM ke mizraNa rUpase haiM athavA sat aura asat ke bIca meM haiM / usakI vyAkhyA ke anusAra nitya vastu kA Akalana athavA pUrNa-Akalana "sAyansa" (vidyA) hai aura asat athavA avidyamAna vastu kA Akalana athavA saMpUrNa ajJAna "nesyansa" (avidyA) hai, kintu indriyagocara jagat sat aura asat ke bIca kA hai| isIlie usakA Akalana bhI "sAyansa" tathA "nesyansa" ke bIca kA hai / 2 isake lie usane "opiniyana" zabda kA prayoga kiyA hai| usake AdhAra para yaha kahA jA sakatA hai ki "noleja" kA artha pUrNa jJAna hai, aura "opiniyana" kA artha aMza jJAna

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka 49 hai| usane " opiniyana" kI vyAkhyA "saMbhAvanA viSayaka vizvAsa" (Trust in probabilities) bhI kI hai arthAt jisa vyakti meM apane aMza - jJAna yA alpa jJAna kA bhAna jagA huA hotA hai vaha namratA se pada-pada para kahatA hai ki aisA honA bhI saMbhava hai mujhe aisA pratIta hotA hai| isIlie syAdvAdI pada-pada para apane kathana ko maryAdita karatA hai / syAdvAdI jiddI kI taraha yaha nahIM kahatA ki maiM hI saccA hU~ aura bAkI jhUThe haiM / luI phizara ne gAMdhIjI kA eka vAkya likhA hai- " maiM svabhAva se hI samajhautA - pasanda vyakti hU~ kyoMki maiM hI saccA hU~ aisA mujhe kabhI vizvAsa nahIM hotA / 13 - isalie sabhI dharma aura sabhI darzana jaisA ki gA~dhIjIne kahA hai, saca to haiM, kintu adhUre haiM arthAt pratyeka meM satya kA nyUnAdhika aMza hai| kisI eka meM sampUrNa satya nahIM hai| Tenisana ne kahA hai ki sabhI dharma aura darzana Izvara ke hI sphuliMga haiM kintu satyanArAyaNa svayaM una sabhI meM baddha na hokara, unase dazAMgula u~cA hI rahatA hai / 14 "They are but broken dish of thee And thou o Lord! art More than they"""" gA~dhIjI ne 1933 I. meM Do. paTTAbhi se kahA thA ki jaba maiM kisI manuSya ko salAha detA hU~ taba apanI dRSTi se nahIM kintu usIkI dRSTi se detA hU~ / isake lie maiM apane ko usake sthAna meM rakhane kA prayatna karatA hU~ / jahA~ maiM yaha kriyA nahIM kara sakatA vahA~ salAha dene se inkAra kara detA hU~ // 16 I advise a man not from my standpoint but from his. I try to put myself in his shoes. When I cannot do so, I refuse to advise.17 isa prakAra kI dekhane - socane kI Adata pratyeka viSaya meM ho to hameM bahuta sI vastue~ anokhe svarUpa meM hI dikhAI degii| isakA eka udAharaNa detI hU~ - "strI kI buddhi hamezA tuccha hotI hai|" ityAdi striyoM kI hInatA dikhAnevAle aneka vacana puruSoM ne likhe haiN| striyoM kI tArkika zakti puruSoM ke samAna nahIM hai, yaha saca haiN| viliyama hejaliTa ne kahA hai - strIyA~ mithyA tarka nahIM karatIM kyoMki ve tarka karanA jAnatI hI nahIM Women do not reason

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda wrong for they do not reason at all. .. kintu A~kha ke darzanamAtra se puruSa ke hRdaya kI parIkSA karane kI jo zakti strI meM hai vaha puruSa meM nahIM hai| yaha bhI saca hai ki puruSa meM buddhi kA aura strI meM bhAvanA kA prAdhAnya hai / purAnA sthAna choDakara nayA sthAna svIkRta karanA puruSa ke lie sahaja nahIM hai, purAne kI mamatA choDanA puruSoM ke lie sarala nahIM hai, kintu strI ? vaha eka sthAna tathA kuTumbakI mAyA mamatA-chor3a kara kisI anya sthAna tathA anajAna parakIya vyaktiyoM ko sahaja hI meM svakIya banA letI hai| : When crowned with blessings. She doth rise To Take her latest leave of home, As parting with a lon; embrace, She enters other realn s of love.''18 isa kriyA ko bhI vaha sahaja tathA sarasa rUpa se karatI hai| vahI strI mAtA hone ke bAda kitanI badala jatI hai aura vidhavA hone ke bAda sabhI vastra tathA AbhUSaNoM ko, mauja aura zauka ko sarpa kI keMculI kI bhAMti utAra kara pheMka dene meM eka kSaNa kI bhI dera nahIM karatI / bhAvanAoM ke itane parivartanoM kA eka hI jIvana meM anubhava ka nA sAmAnya bAta nahIM hai| saMsAra meM yadi sacamuca kahIM jAdU hai to vaha strI ke hRdaya meM hI hai| gAMdhIjI kahate the ki mere andara strI-hRdaya hai| isIlie unhoMne strI-vikAsa meM kAphI yoga diyaa| aneka striyAM apanA sukha-duHkha niHsaMkoca unake sAmane kaha sakatI thIM / syAdvAda athavA anekAntavAda kisI bhI viSaya ke do antoM ko choDakara zAnti kA madhyama mArga grahaNa karane kA Adeza detA hai| syAdvAda kA artha yahI hai ki sadaguNa ke aneka rUpa haiM / sAdhu kI tapasyA, satI kA satItva, bAlaka kI nirdoSatA, subhaTa kA zaurya Adi sabhI ke lie saMsAra meM sthAna hai / syAdvAdI ina sabhI kA sammAna kara sakatA hai| vaha yadi nisargapremI ho to varSAkAla kI varSA, zarada Rtu kI zItalatA aura grISmakAla kA Atapa ina sabhI avasthAoM kA Ananda le sakatA hai| kyoMki vaha samajhatA hai ki prAkRtika racanA meM ina sabako sthAna hai, sabhI kA upayoga

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka . 51 hai| inameM se kisI bhI Rtu kI viparItatA se anya Rtue~ bhI vikRta ho jAtI haiM / jo kucha anubhava meM Ave usake sAtha samarasa hone kA prayAsa karanA, yahI syAdvAda kI pravRtti kA cihna hai / syAdvAdI apane virodhiyoM ke kathana kA unhIM kI dRSTi se Adara kara sakatA hai, yadyapi vaha usase sarvathA sammata na bhI ho / dadhi (dUdhavAlI) Dhulamula nIti kI nindA kI jAtI hai, kintu vaha sadaiva ke lie avaguNa hI hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / dadhi aura dUdha donoM ke guNa jAnanevAlA yadi prakRti-bheda ke kAraNa dadhi nahIM khA sakatA to bhI vaha usake guNa kI upekSA nahIM kara sakatA / vaha yaha samajhatA hai ki pratyeka vastu yA kArya apane hI samucita sthala-kAla-saMyoga meM suzobhita hotA hai / yadi anucita kAlAdi saMyogoM meM rakhA jAye to nindApAtra, kurUpa yA jugupsita ho jAtA hai / isIlie "maile" zabda kI vyAkhyA kI gaI hai - asthAna meM rakhA huA padArtha (Matter misplaced is dirt) ataeva koI bhI vastu yA kArya svataMtra rUpa se asundara yA nirUpayogI nahIM hotA / tyAjya mala bhI jaba jamIna meM gAr3A jAtA hai taba vaha bahumUlya khAda ke rUpa meM kRSi ke lie puSTikAraka padArtha bana jAtA hai| ... ataeva Dhulamula nIti jaise chichore AkSepoM kA jokhima uThAkara bhI syAdvAda sApekSavAda arthAt rileTiviTI kA riddhAnta paraspara viruddha dikhanevAlI vastuoM kA ekatra-samarthana karatA hai aura paraspara virodhI vastuoM ke saMmizraNa kA prayatna karatA hai| vaha kahatA hai ki manuSya meM aura samAja meM prema Avazyaka hai aura vairAgya bhI Avazyaka hai / komalatA cAhie aura kaThoratA bhI cAhie; chUTa cAhie aura maryAdA bhI cAhie / praNAlikA-rakSaNa aura praNAlikA-bhaMga donoM Avazyaka hai| yadi vastutaH dekhA jAya to yahI salAha saccI hai| udAharaNa ke taura paraM prema aura vairAgya paraspara virodhI nahIM hai , apitu eka hI sikke ke do bAjU haiM / prema meM jaba vairAgya kI mAtrA ho tabhI vaha saccA prema ho sakatA hai, anyathA vaha kevala moha yA Asakti rUpa bana jAyegA / "tena tyaktena bhuJjIthAH"19 - tyAga karake bhoga karo / upaniSada ke isa vAkya meM yahI bAta kahI gaI hai / dUsarI aura vairAgya bhI prema se anuraMjita hone para hI suzobhita hotA hai, aura suphaladAyaka banatA hai / anyathA vaha manuSya ke hRdaya ko zuSka, vIrAna banA detA hai| strI-putrAdi ke sAtha kalaha karake yadi saMsAra-tyAga kiyA

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda ho to vaha vairAgya nahIM hai / siddhArtha kA yazodharA se asIma sneha thA isI se unakA gRha-tyAga mahAbhiniSkramaNa kahA gayA aura usImeM se "Atmano hitAya jagataH sukhAya ca" isa prakAra kA saMsAra ke lie eka upayogI sandeza prakaTa huA / syAdvAda athavA sApekSavAda se yaha bAta phalita hotI hai ki koI bhI guNa jaba taka apanI maryAdA kA ullaghaMna nahIM karatA, guNa rahatA hai, kintu yadi usameM nyUnatA yA atizayatA A jAya to vaha doSa ho jAtA hai / yahI madhyama mArga hai| gItA meM bhI kahA hai ki samatva hI yoga hai / maiDema bleveTskI ne santulana (Equilibrium) rakhane kA upadeza diyA hai| kintu jIvana meM sadaguNa kI sAdhanA karanA aura sAtha hI sAtha santulana kI rakSA karanA rassI para nAcane se kama nahIM hai| jIvana kA lolaka jaba taka hilatA rahatA hai taba taka vaha bIca kI samatva sthiti se Age yA pIche hI rahatA hai / bIca kI sthiti meM to kevala eka kSaNa ke lie hI AtA hai yadi vaha usa sthiti meM hamezA ke lie sthira ho jAya to jIvana kI ghar3I hI banda ho jAya / ataH jIvana kI gati satata santulana ko bigAr3ane vAlI hI eka kriyA hai, tathApi jIvana kI gati ko calAte hue santulana kI rakSA karanA yahI manuSya kA sAdhya hai / u~ce laTakAye gaye tarAjU ke donoM palar3oM ko sthira rakhane kI kriyA ke samAna yaha mArga dharma-sAdhana kI dRSTi se hI nahIM apitu saphala evaM sarala vyavahAra ke lie bhI Avazyaka hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI manuSya sarvasadguNoM kA samAna bhAva se anuzIlana nahIM kara sakatA / deza-kAla kA vAtAvaraNa, AnuvaMzika saMskAra tathA pUrvajanma se prApta evaM isa janma meM vikasita vRtti ina sabhI sImAoM ke anusAra hI vaha bhinna bhinna guNoM kA anuzIlana kara sakatA hai| usakI zaktiyoM ke vikAsa meM bhI isI prakAra kA tAratamya A jAtA hai / prakRti kA gurutvAkarSaNa sarvatra saMtulita hai| ataH eka guNa yA zakti kI nyUnatA yA adhikatA hone para usake pUraka guNa yA zakti usI pariNAma meM kama yA adhika hote haiM / eka indriya ke kamajora hone para dUsarI adhika balavAna hotI hai| eka ke adhika balavAna hone para dUsarI manda ho jAtI hai|

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka 53 1 isake uparAnta manuSya kI jo vizeSatA eka dRSTi se guNarUpa pratibhAsita hotI hai vahI anya dRSTi se doSarUpa dikhAI detI hai / lekI ne apane 'hisTrI opha yuropIyana moralsa' meM isakA eka udAharaNa diyA hai ki jo manuSya udAra hotA hai vaha kharcIlA dIkhatA hai aura jo manuSya karakasarapUrvaka kharca karatA hai vaha kaMjUsa dIkhatA hai / isI prakAra strI kA prema saMkucita hai kyoMki vaha ananya hai, usakA mana anyatra nahIM jAtA yahI usakI zobhA hai| nadI kA pravAha jahA~ gaharA hotA hai vahA~ saMkarA aura jahA~ vistRta hotA hai vahA~ chichalA hotA hI hai / yahI bAta strI ke prema ke viSaya meM bhI samajhanI caahie| jisa prema ke bala antara kA pratyeka tAra hila uThatA hai, vaha prema eka hI sAtha kitane vyaktiyoM meM bahAyA jA sakatA hai ? imarasana ne ise " Law of Compensation" -kSatipUrti kA niyama kahA hai / isa viSaya kA usakA jo nibandha hai vaha syAdvAda viSayaka hI hai / usameM usane likhA hai ki hamArI zakti apanI nirbalatA se hI utpanna hotI hai (Our strength grows out of our weakness) pratyeka miThAsa meM khaTAI kA aMza hotA hI hai aura pratyeka burAI meM bhalAI kA pakSa bhI rahatA hI hai Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. phrAMsisa Tomasana ne bhI kahA hai ki mAdhurya meM zoka aura zoka meM mAdhurya samAviSTa hI hai / The sweetness in the sad and the sadness in the sweet. yahI samajha hameM bahuta AzvAsana detI hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu isase hameM dUsaroM meM jo doSa dikhAI dete haiM unameM bhI guNoM kA darzana hone lagatA hai / e. jI. gArDinara ne apane eka nibandha meM kisI eka phreMca lekhaka kA uddharaNa diyA hai / usameM usane likhA hai ki jona aura smitha milate haiM taba vastuta: chaH vyaktiyoM kA milana hotA hai, vaha isa prakAra hai- jona ke apane mana meM jona kA khuda kA citra, smitha ke mana meM jona kA citra, Izvara kI dRSTi meM jona kA citra (John as john knows himself John as smith

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54 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda knows him, John as God Knows him). -isI prakAra tIna smitha / isakA tAtparya yaha hai ki hama apane ko yA kisI anya ko sampUrNa rUpa se nahIM jAna sakate / yaha samajha eka ora hameM anya ke prati udAra bananA sikhAtI hai aura anya ke dvArA honevAlI TIkA ke prati-sahiSNu bananA sikhAtI hai / arthAt anya ke darpaNa meM hamArA jo pratibimba hai use dekhane kI zikSA detI hai| . upaniSada meM kahA hai ki mA ko bar3A rakho, vaha vrata hai - "mahAmanA syAt tad vratam / " isIko senTa paoNna ne "charity" kahA aura use zraddhA tathA AzA se bhI bar3A pada diyA / And now abideth faith. hope, charity these three; but the greatest of these is charity. isI Charity ko gItA meM "Atmaupamya" kahA hai aura dhammapada meM jisake viSaya meM "attAnaM upamaM katvA" aisA kahA gayA hai| kintu guNoM ke viSaya meM Upara jo kucha kahA gayA hai usakA kahIM anartha na ho, isa dRSTikoNa ko sAmane rakhakara itanA-sA spaSTIkaraNa kara denA cAhatI hU~ ki pApa va puNya meM koI bheda nahIM hai aura "rAmAya svasti" rAvaNAya svasti" kahanA eka hI bAta hai - aisA syAvAda kA artha nahIM hai| jo tAratamya hai vaha guNotkarSa kI apekSA se hai| isI ke sAtha itanA aura samajhanA cAhie ki kaI bAra pApa-puNya kA nirNaya karanA jarA aTapaTAsA ho jAtA hai| isI prakAra kaI bAra vyakti anicchA hone para bhI vivaza hokara pApa karatA hai| hama svayaM bhI aisA hI karate haiN| isase gA~dhIjI ne yaha phalitArtha nikAlA ki pApa kA tiraskAra karanA cAhie, pApI kA nahIM / pApa para dayA karake use puNya kI koTi meM rakhane se anartha hI hotA hai| isalie itihAsakAra ko etihAsika vyaktiyoM ke kArya kA mUlyAMkana karane kI jo salAha lArDa ekaTana ne dI hai vaha ThIka hai, kyoMki nyAya vyakti kA nahIM apitu usake kAryoM kA hotA hai| jIvana meM anubhava (Experience) aura tarka (Reason) donoM kI bhinna bhinna dRSTiyAM haiM / anubhava kI dRSTi se dekhane para mAlUma hotA hai ki prakRti ne jagat ke samAna jIvana meM bhI bADa khaDI nahIM kI hai| jIvana meM to teja aura chAyA (Light and shade) hai athavA jaina darzana ke kathAnusAra taratama bhAva hai|

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka bArDe yA dIvAreM to tarka ne khar3I kI haiM / kisI samaya manuSya eka zikhara para khar3A rahakara bolatA hai aura kabhI dUsare para / kintu vaha eka-eka vAkya ke pIche yaha nahIM kaha sakatA ki isa samaya maiM amuka zikhara se bola rahA hU~ / vyavahAra calAne ke lie isI prakAra kI gati Avazyaka hai | anubhava kahatA hai ki jo vastu ThaMDI hai vaha garama bhI hai| tarka kahatA hai ki vastu yA to ThaMDI hI hai yA garama hI hai |tthNddii aura garama ekasAtha nahIM hosakatI / isIlie anubhava aura tarka kA virodha aparihArya hai| manuSya bhinna-bhinna samaya meM bhinna-bhinna zikhara para khar3A raha kara bolatA hai / ataH usake kathana meM parasparavirodha honA svAbhAvika hai| aisI avasthA meM kisI vyakti ke vacanoM meM paraspara asaMgati batAkara usakA khaMDana karane kA AnaMda liyA jA sakatA hai / kintu khaMDana karanevAle ke apitu vyaktimAtra ke kathana meM bhI paraspara virodha hotA hI hai / isalie hameM isa prakAra ke AkSepa se nahIM ghabarAnA cAhie / 55 1 isa nirUpaNa se do bAteM phalita hotI hai - eka to yaha ki saMsAra meM kucha bhI asaMkIrNa nahIM hai saba saMkINa hai- mizra hai| kisI bhI prazna kA eka nidAna nahIM hai aura na eka upacAra hI hai| jIvana kA koI bhI kSetra yA aMga liyA jAya usameM indradhanuSa ke samAna vividha raMgo kA mizraNa hotA hai yaha jAnakara hama vividhatA aura mizraNa se vyAkula nahIM hote / vividhatA prakRti ko priya hai / yahI usakI lIlA hai taba hama vividhatA ke avalokana se rasa prApta karane ke bajAya vyAkula kyoM ho ? leki ne kahA hai ki jIvana kavitA nahIM hai, itihAsa hai "Life is history and not poetry" isakA artha yaha nahIM kI jIvana meM kavitA kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai apitu isakA Azaya yahI hai ki saMsAra meM kucha bhI sIdhA aura sarala nahIM hotA / sarvatra utAra car3hAva dRSTigocara hotA hai / usameM aneka virodhI bala eka hI sAtha kArya karate haiM usameM eka hI kAla meM Urdhva gati aura adho gati donoM hai / aisI pecIdA sthiti meM kyA kartavya hai aura kyA akartavya hai, isakA nirNaya karanA bahuta kaThina hai / isIlie gItA meM kahA hai ki kyA karma hai aura kyA akarma hai, isakA nirNaya karane meM jJAnI bhI bhrAnta ho jAte haiM (ki karma kimakarmeti kavayo'vyatra mohitAH) / gA~dhIjI ne kahA hai ki jIvana kA mArga sIdhA nahIM I -

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56 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda hai usameM bahuta ulajhaneM hai| vaha relagADI nahIM ki eka bAra calane para barAbara dauDatI hI jAya - ____ "Life is not one straight road. There are too many complexities in it. It is not like a train which once started keeps on running."20 dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki saMsAra meM jitane bhI matabheda haiM unakA adhikAMza to dRSTibheda aura eka hI vastu ke bhinna-bhinna aMgoM para bhAra dene ke kAraNa haiM / jo vyakti jagata kI ekatA kI khoja meM lagA ho use vividhatA kI upekSA karanI par3atI hai| usa vividhatA ko use 'pazyannapi na pazyati' karanI par3atI hai| jaina darzana kyoMki anekAntadarzana hai aura anekAntadarzana meM pratyeka vastu ko ananta dharmAtmaka mAnA gayA hai| usa ananta dharmAtmaka vastu kA yathArtha bodha pramANa aura naya se hI kiyA jA sakatA hai| pramANa kA artha hai jisake dvArA padArtha kA samyak parijJAna ho / jaina darzana ke anusAra pramANa kA lakSaNa hai "sva-para-vyavasAyijJAnaM pramANam" arthAt sva aura para kA nizcaya karane vAlA jJAna hI pramANa hai / jaina darzana usI jJAna ko pramANa mAnatA hai jo apane Apako bhI jAne aura apane se bhinna para-padArthoM ko bhI jAne aura vaha bhI nizcayAtmaka evaM yathArtha rUpa meM / pramANa-vAkya sakalAdeza hai, kyoMki usase samagra dharmAtmaka vastu kA pradhAna rUpa se bodha hotA anekAntavAda kA AdhAra saptanaya hai| pramANa se gRhIta anantadharmAtmaka vastu ke kisI bhI eka dharma kA mukhya rUpa se jJAna honA naya hai| kisI eka hI vastu ke viSaya meM bhinna bhinna manuSyoM ke bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa ho sakate haiN| ye dRSTikoNa hI naya hai - yadi ve paraspara sApekSa haiM to / paraspara viruddha dikhane vAle vicAroM ke mUla kAraNoM kA zodha karate hue una sabakA samanvaya karanevAlA zAstra nayavAda hai| naya -vAkya vikalAdeza hai, kyoMki usase vastu ke eka dharma kA hI bodha hotA hai / vaha vibhinna ekAMgI dRSTiyoM meM sundara evaM sAdhAra samanvaya sthApita karatA hai| AcArya dhruva ne ThIka hI kahA hai ki syAdvAda eka vAda nahIM apitu dRSTi hai / sarva vAdoM ko dekhane ke lie yaha aMjana hai athavA yoM kahie ki cazmA hai / unhoMne yaha bhI kahA hai ki syAdvAda eka prakAra kI bauddhika

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka ahiMsA hai| syAdvAda siddhAnta kI camatkArika zakti aura vyApaka prabhAva ko " syAdvAda se saba satya hRdayaMgama karake Do. harmana jaikobI ne kahA thA vicAroM kA dvAra khula jAtA hai // " siddhasena divAkara ne kahA hai - - 57 " jeNa viNA logassa vavahAro savvathA Na Nivvaie / tasya bhuvaNeka- guruNo Namo 'gaMtavAyassa / 21 bhAvArtha - jisake binA lokavyavahAra sarvathA nahIM calatA, usa bhuvana zreSTha guru anekAntavAda ko namaskAra ho / iMglaiMDa ke prasiddha vidvAna Do. thomasana ne kahA hai - "Jain logic is very high. The place of Syadvada in it is very important. It throws a fine light upon the various conditions and states of thing." (nyAyazAstra meM jaina nyAya ucca hai / usameM syAdvAda kA sthAna atyaMta mahatvapUrNa hai / vastuoM kI bhinna-bhinna paristhitiyoM para vaha sundara prakAza DAlatA hai) mahAmahopAdhyAya rAmazAstrI ne kahA hai "syAdvAda jaina darzana kA abheda kilA hai / usameM prativAdiyoM ke mAyAmaya gole praveza nahIM kara sakate haiM / " mahAtmA gA~dhI syAdvAda ke viSaya meM kahate haiM, " syAdvAda mujhe bahuta priya hai| usameM maine musalamAnoM kI dRSTi se unakA, IsAiyoM kI dRSTi se unakA, isa prakAra anya sabhI kA vicAra karanA sIkhA / mere vicAroM ko yA kArya ko koI galata mAnatA taba mujhe usakI ajJAnatA para pahale krodha AtA thA / aba maiM unakI dRSTibindu, unakI A~khoM se dekha sakatA huuN| kyoMki maiM jagat ke prema kA bhUkhA hU~ / syAdvAda kA mUla ahiMsA aura satya kA yugala hai / " Agama sAhitya ke manISI AcArya zrI tulasI ne kahA- " syAdvAda eka samudra hai jisameM sAre vAda vilIna ho jAte haiM / " syAdvAda eka tarka-vyUha ke rUpa meM gRhIta nahIM huA, kintu satya

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda ke eka dvAra ke rUpa meM gRhIta huA / jaina darzana meM syAdvAda kA itanA adhika mahattva hai ki Aja syAdvAda jaina darzana kA paryAya bana gayA hai| jaina darzana kA artha syAdvAda ke rUpa meM liyA jAtA hai| vAstava meM syAdvAda jaina darzana kA prANa hai| jaina AcAryoM ke sAre dArzanika cintana kA AdhAra syAdvAda hai| jaina tIrthaMkaroM ne mAnava kI ahaMkAramUlaka pravRtti aura usake svArthI vAsanAmaya mAnasa kA spaSTa darzana kara una tatvoM kI ora prArambha se hI dhyAna AkRSTa kiyA jisase mAnava kI dRSTi kA ekAMgIpana dUra ho aura usameM anekAMgitA kA samAveza ho tathA vaha apanI dRSTi kI taraha sAmane vAle kI dRSTi kA bhI sammAna sIkhe aura usake prati sahiSNu bane / dRSTi meM isa prakAra ke bhAvoM kA samAveza ho jAne se usakI bhASA mRdula hotI hai| usameM svagata kI haThAgratA dUra hokara samanvaya kI pravRtti A jAtI hai / usakI bhASA meM tiraskAra bhAva na hokara dUsaroM ke abhiprAya, vivakSA aura apekSA dRSTi ko samajhane kI kSamatA A jAtI hai| yahI sthiti usakI mAnasika zuddhi arthAt syAdvAdamaya vANI ke svIkaraNa kI hai, aura vaisI sthiti meM mAnava kA AcAravyavahAra pUrNataH 'manasyekaM vacasyekaM karmaNyekam' ke anurUpa ho jAtA hai / syAdvAda siddhAnta jaina tIrthakaroM kI maulika dena hai kyoMki yaha jJAna kA eka aMga hai,jo tIrthakaroM ke kevala-jJAna meM svataH hI pratibiMbita hotA hai| syAdvAda siddhAnta ke dvArA mAnasika matabheda samApta ho jAte haiM, aura vastu kA yathArtha svarUpa spaSTa ho jAtA hai / isako pAkara mAnava antardRSTA banatA hai / syAdvAda kA prayoga jIvana-vyavahAra meM samanvayaparaka hai| vaha samatA aura zAnti ko sarjatA hai, buddhi ke vaiSamya ko miTAtA hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJa manISI DaoN. rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara kA spaSTa abhibhata hai ki "syAvAda kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA-sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA zIghra apanAvegA vizva meM zAnti utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogii|" jaina darzana yuktipUrNa tathyoM ko grahaNa karane kA sadeva sandeza prastuta karatA hai usakA vyaktivizeSa meM koI Agraha nahIM balki vaha to siddhAMta kI

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anekAntavAda : samanvaya zAnti evaM samabhAva kA sUcaka udAtta pravRtti para bala detA hai| AcArya haribhadra kA kathana isI tathya kI puSTi karatA hai| "pakSapAto na me vIre, na dveSaH kapilAdiSu / yuktimad vacanaM yasya tasya kAryaH parigrahaH / " -bhagavAn mahAvIra ke prati na to merA vizeSa anurAga hai, aura na hI sAMkhyadarzana ke pravartaka kapila Adi se koI dveSa hI hai / jisakA kathana yuktipUrNa ho use svIkAra karanA cAhie / pAdaTIpa 1. bhagavatI 8/499 2. vahI 13/128 3. vahI 13/128 4. syAdvAda maMjarI, pR. 115 5. udadhAviva sarvasindhavaH, samudIrNAstvayi nAtha ! dRSTayaH / na ca tAsu bhavAn praddazyate, avibhaktAsu saritsvivodadhi : // -siddhasena / yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tanayeSviva / tasyA'nekAntavAdasya ka nyUnAdhikazemuSI tena syAdvAdamAlambya sarvadarzanatulyatAm / mokSoddezAvizeSeNa yaH pazyati sa zAstravit / / mAdhyasthyameva zAstrArtho yena tattcAru siddhyati // sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyad bAlizavalganam / / mAdhyasthasahitaM hyekapadajJAnamapi prmaa| zAstrakoTivRthaivAnyA tathA coktaM mahAtmanA / / " -jJAnasAraH upAdhyAya yazovijaya AgrahI bata ninISati yukti / tatra, yatra matirasya niviSTA / pakSapAtarahisya tu yuktiyatra tatra matireti nivezam / / 8. ekenAkarSantI zlathayantI vastutvamitareNa antena jayati jainI nItirmanthAnanetramiva gopI / / syAdvAdakevalajJAne vastutattvaprakAzane bhedaH sAkSAdasAkSAcca hAvastvanyatamaM bhavet / / AptamImAMsA, 105 10. sI.I.em joDa-philosophI phora Avara TAimsa, pR.49 . .

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60 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 11. erikaleana - pleTo - pR. 60 12. vahI, pR.64 13. I am essentially a man of compromise because I am never sure ___ I am right." -Louis Fischer - "The great Challenge" 14. Rgveda 10-9-1 15. In Memoriam 16. More Conversations of Gandhiji -by Chandra Shankar Shukla. 17. More Conversations of Gandhiji -By Chandra Shankar Shukla 18. In Memoriam - 39 - Tennyson 19. IzopaniSada / 20. C. P. Shukla - "Conversation of Gandhiji p.10.. 21. sanmati tarka 3/68

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paMcama prakaraNa vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha kA vibhajyavAda -eka tulanA vibhajyavAda sUtrakRtAMga meM bhikSu kaisI bhASAkA prayoga kareM, isa prazna ke prasaMgameM kahA gayA hai ki vibhajyavAda kA prayoga karanA caahie| vibhajyavAdakA matalaba ThIka samajhane meM hameM jaina TIkAgranthoMke atirikta bauddha .grantha bhI sahAyaka hote haiM / bauddha majjhimanikAya (sutta. 99) meM zubha mANavaka ke praznake uttarameM bha.buddhane kahA ki- "he mANavaka ! maiM yahA~ vibhajyavAdI hU~, ekAMzavAdI nhiiN|" usakA prazna thA ki maiMne suna rakhA hai ki gRhastha hI ArAdhaka hotA hai, pravrajita ArAdhaka nahIM hotaa| isameM ApakI kyA rAya hai? isa prazna kA ekAMzI hA~ meM yA nahIM meM uttara na dekara bhagavAna buddhane kahA ki gRhastha bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai to nirvANamArgakA ArAdhaka nahIM aura tyAgI bhI yadi mithyAtvI hai to vaha bhI ArAdhaka nahIM / kintu yadi ve donoM samyak pratipattisampanna hai, tabhI ArAdhaka hote haiN| apane aise uttarake bala para ve apane Apako vibhajyavAdI batAte haiM aura kahate haiM ki maiM ekAMzavAdI nahIM huuN| ___yadi ve aisA kahate ki gRhastha ArAdhaka nahIM hotA, tyAgI ArAdhaka hotA hai yA aisA kahate ki tyAgI ArAdhaka hotA hai, gRhastha ArAdhaka nahIM hotA * taba unakA vahaM uttara ekAMzavAda hotA / kintu prastutameM unhoMne tyAgI yA gRhasthakI ArAdhakatA aura anArAdhakatA batAyA hai| arthAt praznakA uttara vibhAga karake diyA hai ataeva ve apane Apako vibhajyavAdI kahate haiM / / yahA~ para yaha dhyAna rakhanA cAhie ki bhagavAn buddha sarvadA sabhI praznoMke uttarameM vibhajyavAdI nahIM the| kintu jina praznoM kA uttara vibhajyavAdase hI saMbhava thA una kucha hI praznoMkA uttara dete samaya hI ve vibhajyavAdakA avalambana lete uparyukta bauddha sUtrase ekAMzavAda aura vibhajyavAdakA paraspara virodha spaSTa sUcita ho jAtA hai / jaina TIkAkAra vibhajyavAda kA artha syAdvAda arthAt

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda anekAntavAda karate haiN| ekAntavAda aura anekAntavAdakA bhI paraspara virodha spaSTa hI hai / aisI sthitimeM sUtrakRtAMgagata vibhajyavAdakA artha anekAntavAda yA nayavAda yA apekSAvAda yA pRthakkaraNa karake, vibhAjana karake kisI tattvake vivecana kA vAda bhI liyA jAya to ThIka hI hogaa| apekSAbhedase syAtzabdAMkita prayoga AgamameM dekhe jAte haiM / ekAdhika bhaMgoMkA syAdvAda bhI AgamameM milatA hai| ataeva AgamakAlIna anekAntavAda yA vibhajyavAdako syAdvAda bhI kahA jAya to anucita nhiiN| bhagavAna buddhakA vibhajyavAda kucha maryAdita kSetrameM thA / aura bhagavAna mahAvIrakA vibhajyavAdakA kSetra vyApaka thA / yahI kAraNa hai ki jainadarzana Age jAkara anekAntavAdameM pariNata ho gayA aura bauddhadarzana kisI aMzame vibhajyavAda hote hue bhI ekAntavAda kI ora agrasara huA / bhagavAn buddhake vibhajyavAdakI taraha bhagavAn mahAvIrakA vibhajyavAda bhI bhagavatIgata praznoMttarose spaSTa hotA hai| gaNadhara gautama Adi aura bhagavAn mahAvIra ke kucha praznottara nIce diye jAte haiM jinase bha. mahAvIrake vibhajyavAda kI tulanA bha. buddhake vibhajyavAda se karanI sarala ho ske| gau0-koI yadi aisA kahe ki "maiM sarva prANa, sarvabhUta, sarva jIva, sarva sattvakI hiMsA kA pratyAkhyAna karatA hU~ to kyA usakA vaha pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hai yA duSpratyAkhyAna ! bha0 mahAvIra-syAt supratyAkhyAna hai aura syAt duSpratyAkhyAna hai / gau0- bhante ! isakA kyA kAraNa ? bha0 mahAvIra- jisako yaha bhAna nahIM ki ye jIva hai aura ye ajIva, ye trasa hai aura ye sthAvara, usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna duSpratyAkhyAna hai / vaha mRSAvAdI hai| kintu jo yaha jAnatA hai ki ye jIva haiM aura ye ajIva, ye trasa haiM aura ye sthAvara, usakA vaisA pratyAkhyAna supratyAkhyAna hai, vaha satyavAdI hai| - bhagavatI za.7.u.2.sU.270 /

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vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha... 63 jayaMtI - bhaMte ! sonA acchA hai yA jaganA ? bha0 mahAvIra-jayaMti ! kitaneka jIvoMkA sonA acchA hai aura kitaneka jIvoMkA jaganA acchA hai| ja0- isakA kyA kAraNa hai ? bha0 mahAvIra-jo jIva adharmI hai, adharmAnuga hai, adharbhASTha hai, adharmAkhyAyI hai, adharmapralokI hai, adharmaprarajjana hai, adharmasamAcAra hai, adhArmika vRttivAle haiM ve sote raheM yahI acchA hai; kyoMki jaba ve sote hoMge aneka jIvoMko pIr3A nahIM deMge / aura isa prakAra sva, para aura ubhayako adhArmika kriyAmeM nahIM lagAveMge ataeva unakA sonA acchA hai| kintu jo jIva dhArmika hai, dharmAnuga hai yAvat dhArmika vRttivAle haiM unakA to jAgana hI acchA hai| kyoMki ye aneka jIvoMko sukha dete haiM aura sva, para aura ubhaya ko dhArmika anuSThAna meM lagAte haiM ataeva unakA jAganA hI acchA hai| bhagavAna buddhake vibhajyavAdakI tulanA meM aura bhI kaI udAharaNa diye jA sakate haiM kintu itane paryApta haiN| isa vibhajyAvAdakA mUlAdhAra vibhAga karake uttara denA hai jo Uparake udAharaNoMse spaSTa hai| asalI bAta yaha hai ki do virodhI bAtoMkA svIkAra eka sAmAnyameM karake usI eka ko vibhakta karake donoM vibhAgoMmeM do virodhI dharmo ko saMgata batAnA, itanA artha isa vibhajyavAdakA phalita hotA hai| kintu yahA~ eka bAtakI ora vizeSa dhyAna denA Avazyaka hai| bha. buddha jaba kisIkA vibhAga karake virodhI dharmoMko ghaTAte haiM aura bhagavAn mahAvIrane jo ukta udAharaNoMmeM virodhI dharmoM ko ghaTayA hai usase spaSTa hai ki vastutaH do virodhI dharma ekakAlameM kisI eka vyaktike nahIM balki bhinna bhinna vyaktioMke haiM / vibhajyavAdakA yahI mUla artha ho sakatA hai jo donoM mahApuruSoM ke vacanoMmeM ekarUpase AyA hai| kintu bhagavAn mahAvIrane isa vibhajyavAdakA kSetra vyApaka banAyA hai| unhoMne virodhI dharmoko arthAt aneka antoMko eka hI kAlameM aura eka hI vyaktimeM apekSAbhedase ghaTAyA hai| isI kAraNa se vibhajyavAdakA artha anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda huA aura isIliye bhagavAn mahAvIrakA darzana Age calakara

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64 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda anekAntavAdake nAmase pratiSThita huA / tiryaksAmAnyakI apekSAse jo vizeSa vyaktiyAM hoM unhIM vyaktioMmeM virodhI dharmakA svIkAra karanA yaha vibhajyavAdakA mUlAdhAra hai jabaki ki tiryaga aura urdhvatA donoM prakArake sAmAnyoMke paryAyoMmeM virodhI dharmoM kA svIkAra karanA yaha anekAntavAdakA mUlAdhAra hai / anekAntavAda vibhajyavAdakA vikasita rUpa hai / ataeva vaha vibhajyavAda to hai hI / para vibhajyavAda hI anekAntavAda hai aisA nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataeva jaina dArzanikoMne apane vAdako jo anekAntavAdake nAmase hI vizeSarUpase prakhyApita kiyA hai vaha sarvathA ucita hI huA hai| __ bhagavAn mahIvArane jo anekAntavAdako prarUpaNA kI hai usake mUlameM tatkAlIna dArzanikoMmeMse bhagavAn buddhake niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNakA mahatvapUrNa sthAna hai / syAdvAdake bhaMgoMkI racanAmeM saMjayabelaTThIputtake vikSepavAdase bhI madada lI gaI ho-yaha saMbhava hai| kintu bhagavAn buddhane tatkAlIna nAnA vAdoMse alipta rahaneke liye jo rUkha aMgIkAra kiyA thA usImeM anekAntavAdakA bIja hai aisA pratIta hotA hai / jIva aura jagat tathA Izvarake nityatva-anityatvake viSayameM jo prazna hote the unako unhoMne avyAkata batA diyaa| isI prakAra jIva aura zarIrake viSayameM bhedAbhedake praznako bhI unhoMne avyAkRta kahA. hai / jaba ki bha0 mahAvIrane unhIM praznoMkA vyAkaraNa apanI dRSTise kiyA hai| arthAt unhIM praznoMko anekAntavAdake Azrayase sulajhAyA hai| una praznoMke spaSTIkaraNameMse jo dRSTi unako siddha huI usIkA sArvatrika vistAra karake anekAntavAdako sarvavastuvyApI unhoMne banAdiyA hai| yaha spaSTa hai ki bha0 buddha do virodhI vAdoMko dekhakara unase bacaneke lie apanA tIsarA mArga unake asvIkAra meM hI sImita karate haiM, taba bha. mahAvIra una donoM virodhI vAdoM kA samanvaya karake unake svIkArameM hI apane naye mArga anekAntavAdakI pratiSThA karate haiN| ataeva anekAntavAdakI carcAkA prAraMbha buddhake avyAkRta praznoMse kiyA jAya to ucita hI hogA / (1) bhagavAna buddhake avyAkRta prazna / bhagavAn buddhane nimnilikhita praznoMko avyAkRta kahA hai-" (1) loka zAzvata hai ?

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vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha.... 65 (2) loka azAzvata hai ? (3) loka antavAn hai ? (4) loka ananta hai ? (5) jIva aura zarIra eka hai ? (6) jIva aura zarIra bhinna haiM ? (7) maraneke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ? (8) maraneke bAda tathAgata nahIM hote ? (9) maraneke bAda tathAgata hote bhI haiM, aura nahIM bhI hote haiM ? (10) maraneke bAda tathAgata na-hote haiM, aura na-nahI hote haiM ? ina praznoMkA saMkSepa tIna hI praznameM hai- (1) lokakI nityatA - anityatA aura sAntatA-nirantatAkA prazna (2) jIva-zarIrake bhedAbhedakA prazna aura (3) tathAgatakI maraNottara sthiti-asthiti arthAta jIvakI nityatA anityatAko prazna / ye hI prazna bhagavAna buddhake jamAneke mahAn prazna the| aura inhIMke viSayameM bha. buddhane ekatarahase apanA mata dete hue bhI vastutaH vidhAyakarUpase kucha nahIM kahA / yadi ve loka yA jIvako nitya kahate to unako upaniSad -mAnya zAzvatavAdako svIkAra karanA paDatA aura yadi ve anitya pakSako svIkAra karate taba cArvAka jaise bhautikavAdI saMmata ucchedavAdako svIkAra karanA pdd'taa| itanA to spaSTa hai ki unako zAzvatava dameM bhI doSa pratIta huA thA aura ucchedavAdako bhI ve acchA nahIM samajhate the / itanA hote hue bhI apane naye vAdako kucha nAma denA unhoMne pasaMda nahI kiyA aura itanA hI kaha kara raha gaye ki ye donoM vAda ThIka nahIM / ataeva aise praznoMko avyAkRta, sthApita, pratikSipta batA diyA aura kaha diyA ki loka zAzvata ho yA azAzvata, janma hai hI, maraNa hai hI / maiM to inhIM janmamaraNake vighAta ko batAtA huuN| yahI merA vyAkRta hai / aura isIse tumhArA bhalA honevAlA hai / zeSa lokAdikI zAzvatatA Adike prazna avyAkRta haiN| una praznoMkA maiMne kucha uttara nahIM diyA aisA hI smjho| itanI carcAse spaSTa hai ki bha0 buddhane apane mantavyoMko vidhirUpase na rakha kara azAzvatAnucchedavAdakA hI svIkAra kiyA hai| arthAt upaniSadamAnya neti

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66 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda ti kI taraha vastusvarUpakA niSedhaparaka vyAkhyAna karanekA prayatna kiyA hai| aisA karanekA kAraNa spaSTa yahI hai ki tatkAlameM pracalita vAdoMke doSoMkI ora unakI dRSTi gaI aura isa liye unameM se kisI vAdakA anuyAyI honA unhoMne pasaMda nahIM kiyA / isa prakAra unhoMne eka prakArase anekAntavAdakA rAstA sApha kiyA / bhagavAna mahAvIrane tatdvAdoMke doSa aura guNa donoMkI ora dRSTi dI / pratyeka vAdakA guNadarzana to usa vAdake sthApakane prathamase karAyA hI thA, una virodhIvAdoMmeM doSadarzana bha0 buddhane kiyA / taba bhagavAn mahAvIrake sAmane una vAdoMke guNa aura doSa donoM A gae / donoM para samAna bhAvase dRSTi dene para anekAntavAda svataH phalita ho jAtA hai / bhagavAn mahAvIrane tatkAlIna vAdoM ke guNadoSoMkI parIkSA karake jitanI jisa vAdameM saccAI thI use utanI hI mAtrAmeM svIkAra karake sabhI vAdoMkA samanvaya karanekA prayatna kiyaa| yahI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda yA vikasita vibhajyavAda hai / bhagavAn buddha jina praznoMkA uttara vidhirUpase denA nahIM cAhate the una sabhI praznoMkA uttara denemeM anekAntavAdakA Azraya karake bhagavAn mahAvIra samartha hue| unhoMne pratyeka vAdameM pIche rahI huI dRSTiko samajhanekA prayatna kiyA, pratyeka vAdakI maryAdA kyA hai, amuka vAdakA utthAna honemeM mUlataH kyA apekSA honI cAhie, isa bAtakI khoz2a kI aura nayavAdake rUpameM usa khojako dArzanikoMke sAmane rakhA / yahI nayavAda anekAntavAdakA mUlAdhAra bana gayA / aba mUla jainAgamoMke AdhAra para hI bhagavAn ke anekAntavAdakA digdarzana karAnA upayukta hogA / pahale una praznoMko liyA jAtA hai jinako ki bha0 buddhane avyAkRta batAyA hai| aisA karanese yaha spaSTa hogA ki jahA~ buddha kisI eka vAdameM paDa jAneke bhaya se niSedhAtmaka uttara dete haiM vahA~ bha0 mahAvIra anekAntavAdakA Azrayakarake kisa prakAra vidhirUpa uttara dekara apanA apUrva mArga prasthApita karate haiM lokakI nityAnityatA uparyukta bauddha avyAkRta praznoMmeM prathama cAra lokakI nityAnityatA aura sAntatA-anantatAke viSayameM hai / una praznoMke viSayameM bhagavAn mahAvIra kA jo - * sAntAnantatA /

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vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha... 67 spaSTIkaraNa hai vaha bhagavatImeM skandaka parivrAjakake adhikArameM upalabdha hai| usa adhikArase aura anya adhikAroMse yaha suvidita hai ki bhagavAnne apane anuyAyioMko lokake saMbaMdhameM honevAle una praznoMke viSayameM apanA spaSTa mantavya batA diyA thA, jo apUrva thaa| ataeva unake anuyAyI anya tIrthikoMse isI viSayameM prazna karake unheM cUpa kiyA karate the / isa viSayameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake zabda dekhiye bhaga0 1.1.90 / isakA sAra yaha hai ki loka dravyako apekSAse sAnta hai kyoMki yaha saMkhyAmeM eka hai| kintu bhAva arthAt paryAyoMko apekSAse loka ananta haiM kyoMki lokadravyake paryAya ananta haiM / kAlakI dRSTise loka ananta hai arthAt zAzvata hai kyoMki aisA koI kAla nahIM jisameM loka kA astitva na ho / kintu kSetrakI dRSTise loka sAnta hai kyoMki sakalakSetrameM se kucha hI meM loMkA hai anyatra nhiiN| ___ isa uddharaNameM mukhyataH sAnta aura ananta zabdoMko lekara anekAntavAdakI sthApanA kI gaI hai / bhagavAn buddhane lokakI-sAntatA aura anantatA donoMko avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA hai| taba bhagavAn mahAvIrane lokako sAnta aura ananta apekSAbhedase batAyA hai| aba lokakI zAzvatatA-azAzvatatAke viSayameM jahA~ bha. buddhane avyAkRta kahA vahA~ bha0 mahAvIrakA anekAntavAdI mantavya kyA hai use unhIMke zabdoMmeM dekhiye bhaga0 9.6.387 jamAlI apane Apako arhat samajhataH thA kintu jaba lokakI zAzvatatAazAzvatatAke viSayameM gautama gaNadharane usase prazna pUchA taba vaha uttara na de sakA, tisapara bha. mahAvIrane uparyukta samAdhAna yaha kaha karake kiyA ki yaha to eka sAmAnya prazna hai / isakA uttara to mere chadmastha ziSya bhI de sakatA hai / ___ jamAlI ! loka zAzvata hai aura azAzvata bhI / trikAlameM aisA eka bhI samaya nahIM jaba loka kisI na kisI rUpameM na ho ataeva vaha zAzvata hai| kintu vaha aMzAzvata bhI hai kyoMki loka hamezA ekarUpa to rahatA nahIM / usameM avasarpiNI aura utsarpiNIke kAraNa avanati aura unnati bhI dekhI jAtI hai / ekarUpameM - sarvathA zAzvata meM parivartana nahIM hotA ata eva use azAzvata bhI mAnanA caahie|

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 68 loka kyA hai ? prastutameM lokase bha. mahAvIrakA kyA abhiprAya hai yaha bhI jAnanA jarurI hai / usake liye praznoMttara dekhiye, bhaga0 13.4.481 1 arthAt pA~ca astikAya hI loka hai / pA~ca astikAya ye haiM dharmAstikAya, adharmAstikAya, AkAzAstikAya, jIvAstikAya aura pudralAstikAya / - jIva- zarIrakA bhedAbheda / jIva aura zarIrakA bheda hai yA abheda isa praznako bhI bha. buddhane avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA hai / isa viSayameM bhagavAn mahAvIrake mantavyako bhaga0 13.7.95. para ke saMvAdase jAnA jA sakatA hai / uparyukta saMvAda se spaSTa hai ki bha. mahAvIrane gautamake praznaMke uttarameM AtmAko zarIrase abhinna bhI kahA hai aura usase bhinna bhI kahA hai| aisA kahanepara aura do prazna upasthita hote haiM ki yadi zarIra AtmA se abhinna hai to AtmAkI taraha vaha arUpa bhI honA cAhie aura sacetana bhI / ina praznoMkA uttara bhI spaSTarUpase diyA gayA hai ki kAya arthAt zarIra rUpi bhI hai aura arUpi bhii| zarIra sacetana bhI hai aura acetana bhI / jaba zarIrako AtmAse pRthak mAnA jAtA hai taba vaha rUpi aura acetana hai / aura jaba zarIra ko AtmAse abhinna mAnA jAtA hai taba zarIra arUpi aura sacetana hai / 1 bhagavAn buddhake matase yadi zarIrako AtmAse bhinna mAnA jAya taba brahmacaryavAsa saMbhava nahIM / aura yadi abhinna mAnAjAya taba bhI - brahmacaryavAsa saMbhava nahIM / ata eva ina donoM antoM ko chor3akara bhagavAna buddhane madhya mArgakA upadeza diyA aura zarIrake bhedAbhedake praznako avyAkRta batAyA- saMyukta XII 135 / kintu bhagavAn mahAvIrane isa viSaya meM madhyamamArga-anekAntavAdakA Azraya lekara uparyukta donoM virodhI vAdoMkA samanvaya kiyA / yadi AtmA zarIrase atyanta bhinna mAnA jAya taba kAyakRta karmoM kA phala use nahIM milanA

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vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha... 69 cAhie / atyantabheda mAnanepara isa prakAra akRtAgama doSakI Apatti hai / aura yadi atyanta abhinna mAnA jAya taba zarIra kA dAha ho jAnepara AtmA bhI naSTa hogA jisase paraloka saMbhava nahIM rhegaa| isa prakAra kRtapraNAza doSa kI Apatti hogI / ataeva inhIM donoM doSoMko dekhakara bhagavAn buddhane kaha diyA ki bheda pakSa aura abheda pakSa ye donoM ThIka nahIM hai| jaba ki bha0 mahAvIrane donoM virodhI vAdoMkA samanvaya kiyA aura bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoMkA svIkAra kiyA / ekAnta bheda aura abheda mAnanepara jo doSa hote haiM ve ubhayavAda mAnanepara nahIM hote / jIva aura zarIrakA bheda isaliye mAnanA cAhie ki zarIra kA nAza ho jAnepara bhI AtmA dUsare janmameM maujUda rahatI hai yA siddhAvasthAmeM azarIrI AtmA bhI hotI hai / abheda isaliye mAnanA cAhie ki saMsArAvasthAmeM zarIrI aura AtmAkA kSIranIravat yA agnilohapiNDavat tAdAtmya hotA hai isIliye kAyase kisI vastukA sparza honepara AtmAmeM saMvedana hotA hai aura kAyika karmakA vipAka AtmAmeM hotA hai / bhagavatIsUtrameM jIvake pariNAma daza ginAe haiM- bhaga0 14.4 514 / jIva aura kAyAkA yadi abheda na mAnA jAya to ina pariNAmoM ko jIvake pariNAmarUpase nahIM ginAyA jA sakatA / isI prakAra bhagavatImeM ( 12.5.451.) jo jIvake pariNAmarUpase varga gandha sparzakA nirdeza hai vaha bhI jIva aura zarIra ke abheda ko mAna kara hI ghaTAyA jA sakatA hai / anyatraM jIvake kRSNavarNaparyAyakA bhI nirdeza hai - bhaga0 25.4 | ye sabhI nirdeza jIva zarIrake abhedakI mAnyatApara nirbhara haiM / cArvAka zarIrako hI AtmA mAnatA thA aura aupaniSada RSigaNa AtmA ko zarIra se atyanta bhinna mAnate the / bha. buddhako ina donoM matoMmeM doSa to najara AyA kintu ve vidhirUpase samanvaya na kara sake / jaba ki bhagavAn mahAvIra ne ina donoM matoM kA samanvaya uparyukta prakArase bheda aura abheda donoM pakSoMkA svIkAra karake kiyA / 13. jIvakI nityAnityatA mRtyuke bAda tathAgata hote haiM ki nahIM isa praznako bha0 buddhane avyAkRta koTimeM rakhA hai kyoMki aisA prazna aura usakA uttara sArthaka nahIM, Adi

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda brahmacarya ke liye nahIM, nirveda, nirodha, abhijJA, saMbodha aura nirvANake liye bhI nahIM |14 70 AtmAke viSayameM cintana karanA yaha bha0 buddhake matase ayogya hai / jina praznoMko bha. buddhane 'ayoniso manasikAra' - vicArakA ayogya DhaMga - kahA hai ve ye hai- " maiM bhUtakAlameM thA ki nahIM thA / maiM bhUtakAlameM kyA thA ? maiM bhUtakAlameM kaisA thA ? maiM bhUtakAlameM kyA hokara phira kyA huA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAlameM hoUMgA ki nahIM ? maiM bhaviSyat kAlameM kyA hoUMgA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAlameM kaise hoUMgA ? maiM bhaviSyat kAlameM kyA hokara kyA hoMUMgA ? maiM hU~ ki nahIM ? maiM kyA hU~ ? maiM kaise hU~ ? yaha sattva kahAMse AyA ? yaha kahAM jAyagA ? bhagavAn buddhakA kahanA hai ki 'ayoniso manasikAra' se naye Astrava utpanna hote haiM aura utpanna Astrava vRddhigata hote haiM / ataeva ina praznoMke vicArameM laganA sAdhakake liye anucita hai / 15 1 ina praznoMke vicArakA phala batAte hue bha0 buddhane kahA hai 'ayoniso manasikAra' ke kAraNa ina chaH dRSTioM meM se koI eka dRSTi utpanna hotI hai usameM pha~sakara ajJAnI pRthagjana jarA - maraNAdise mukta nahIM hotA (1) merI AtmA hai / (2) merI AtmA nahIM hai / (3) maiM AtmAko AtmA samajhatA hU~ (4) maiM anAtmAko AtmA samajhatA hU~ / (5) yaha jo merI AtmA hai vaha puNya aura pApakarma ke vipAkakI bhoktA hai| (6) yaha merI AtmA nitya hai, dhruva hai, zAzvata hai, avipariNAmadharmA hai, jaisI hai vaisI sadaiva rahegI / 16 ataeva unakA upadeza hai ki ina praznoMko choDakara duHkha, duHkhasamudAya, duHkhanirodha aura duHkhanirodhakA mArga ina cAra AryasatyoMke viSayameM hI manako lagAnA cAhie / usIse Astravanirodha hokara nirvANalAbha ho sakatA hai / bha0 buddha ke ina upadezoM ke viparIta hI bhagavAn mahAvIra kA upadeza

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vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha...... hai| isa bAta kI pratIti prathama aMga AcArAMga ke prathama vAkya se hI ho jAtI __ bha0 mahAvIrake matase jaba taka apanI yA dUsare kI buddhise yaha patA na laga jAya ki maiM yA merA jIva eka gatise dUsarI gatiko prApta hotA hai, jIva kahAMse AyA, kauna thA aura kahA~ jAyagA ?-taba taka koI jIva AtmavAdI nahIM ho sakatA, lokavAdI nahIM ho sakatA, karma aura kriyAvAdI nahIM ho sktaa| ataeva AtmAke viSayameM vicAra karanA yahI saMvarakA aura mokSakA bhI kAraNa hai| jIvakI gati aura agatike jJAna se mokSalAbha hotA hai isa bAtako bha0 mahAvIrane spaSTarUpase kahA hai- (AcA. 1.5.6) - bhagavatI 12.5.452 / - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki jina praznoM ko bhagavAn buddhane nirarthaka batAyA hai unhIM praznoMse bhagavAn mahAvIrane AdhyAtmika jIvanakA prAraMbha mAnA hai / ataeva una praznoMko bha0 mahAvIrane bha0 buddhakI taraha avyAkRta koTimeM na rakhakara vyAkRta hI kiyA hai / itanI sAmAnya carcAke bAda aba AtmAkI nityatA-anityatA ke prastuta prazna para vicAra kiyA jAtA hai - bhagavAn buddhakA kahanA hai ki tathAgata maraNAntara hotA hai yA nahIM-aisA prazna anyatIrthikoMko ajJAnake kAraNa hotA hai / unheM rUpAdi" kA ajJAna hai ata- eva ve aisA prazna karate haiM / ve rUpAdiko AtmA samajhate haiM, yA AtmAko rUpAdiyukta samajhate haiM, yA AtmAmeM rUpAdiko samajhate haiM, yA rUpameM AtmAko samajhate haiM jaba ki tathAgata vaisA nahIM samajhate18 / ataeva tathAgata ko vaise prazna bhI nahIM uThate aura dUsaroMke aisA praznako ve avyAkRta batAte haiM / maraNAnantara rUpa vedanA Adi prahINa ho jAtA hai ataeva aba prajJApanAke sAdhana rUpAdi ke na honese tathAgatake liye 'hai' yA 'nahI hai' aisA vyavahAra kiyA nahIM jA sktaa| ataeva maraNanantara tathAgata 'hai' yA 'nahIM' hai' ityAdi praznoMko maiM avyAkRta batAtA huuN| bha0 mahAvIra ne jIvako apekSAbheda se zAzvata aura azAzvata kahA hai| isakI spaSTatA ke liye dekhiye bhaga0 7.2.273 / spaSTa hai ki dravyArthika arthAt dravyakI apekSAse jIva nitya hai aura bhAva arthAt paryAyakI dRSTise jIva anitya hai aisA mantavya bha0 mahAvIrakA hai|

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda bha0 buddhakA anekAntavAda ___ isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki bhagavAn buddhake sabhI avyAkRta praznoMkA vyAkaraNa bha0 mahAvIrane spaSTarUpase vidhimArgako svIkAra karake kiyA hai aura anekAntavAdakI pratiSThA kI hai| isakA mUla AdhAra yahI hai ki eka hI vyaktimeM apekSAke bhedase aneka saMbhavita virodhI dhokI ghaTanA karanA / manuSya svabhAva samanvayazIla to hai hI kintu sadA sarvadA kaI kAraNoMse usa svabhAvakA AvirbhAva ThIka rUpase ho nahIM pAtA / isI liye samanvayake sthAnameM dArzanikoMmeM vivAda dekhA jAtA hai| aura jahA~ dUsaroMko spaSTarUpase samanvayakI saMbhAvanA dIkhatI hai vahA~ bhI apane apane pUrvagrahoM ke kAraNa dArzanikoMko virodhakI gaMdha AtI hai| bhagavAn buddhako ukta praznoMkA uttara avyAkRta denA paDA unakA kAraNa yahI hai ki unako AdhyAtmika unnatimeM ina jaTila praznoMkI carcA nirarthaka pratIta huii| ataeva ina praznoMko sulajhAnekA unhoMne koI vyavasthita prayatna nahIM kiyA / kintu isakA matalaba yaha kabhI nahIM ki unake svabhAvameM samanvaya kA tattva bilakula nahIM thaa| unakI-samanvaya zolatA siMha senApati ke sAtha hue saMvAdase spaSTa hai / bhagavAn buddhako anAtmavAdI honeke kAraNa kucha loga akriyAvAdI kahate the / ataeva siMha senApati ne bha0 buddhase pUchA ki Apako kucha loga akriyAvAdI kahate haiM to kyA yaha ThIka hai ? isake uttarameM unhoMne jo kucha kahA usImeM usakI samanvayazIlatA aura anekAntavAditA spaSTa hotI hai| uttara meM unhoMne kahA ki saca hai maiM akuzala saMskArakI akriyAkA upadeza detA hU~ isaliye maiM akriyAvAdI hU~ aura kuzala saMskArakI kriyA mujhe pasaMda hai aura maiM usakA upadeza detA hU~ isI liye maiM kriyAvAdI bhI huuN| isI samanvayaprakRti kA pradarzana anyatra dArzanika kSetrameM bhI yadi bha0 buddhane kiyA hotA to unakI pratibhA aura prajJAne dArzanikoMke sAmane eka nayA mArga upasthita kiyA hotA / kintu yaha kArya bha0 mahAvIra kI zAnta aura sthira prakRti se hI honevAlA thA isaliye bhagavAn buddhane Arya catuHsatyake upadezameM hI kRtakRtyatAkA anubhava kiyaa| taba bhagavAn mahAvIra ne jo bha0 buddhase na ho sakA use karake dikhAyA aura ve anekAntavAdake prajJApaka hue| bha0 buddha ne to apanI prakRtike anusAra una sabhI praznoMkA uttara niSedhAtmaka diyA hai; kyoMki aisA na kahate to unako ucchedavAda aura zAzvatavAdako

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vardhamAna mahAvIra kA anekAntavAda aura gautama buddha... 73 Apatti kA bhaya thA / kintu bhagavAn kA mArga to zAzvatavAda aura ucchedavAda ke samanvaya kA mArga hai ata eva una praznoM kA samAdhAna vidhirUpa se karane meM unako koI bhaya nahIM thA / unako prazna kiyA gayA ki kyA karmakA kartA svayaM hai, anya hai yA ubhaya hai ? isake uttara meM bha0 mahAvIra ne kahA ki karma kA kartA AtmA svayaM haiM; para nahIM hai aura na svaparobhaya / 21 jisane karma kiyA hai vahI usakA bhoktA hai aisA mAnanemeM aikAntika zAzvatavAda kI Apatti bha0 mahAvIrake matameM nahIM AtI; kyoMki jisa avasthAmeM kiyA thA usase dUsarI hI avasthA meM karmakA phala bhogA jAtA hai / tathA bhoktRtva avasthAseM karmakartRtva avasthAkA bheda honepara bhI aikAntika ucchedavAdakI Apatti isaliye nahIM AtI kI bheda hote huye bhI jIva dravya donoM avasthAmeM eka hI mojUda hai / pATIpa 1. " bhikkhU vibhajjavAyaM ca viyAgarejjA" / sUtrakRtAMga 1.14.22 / 2. dekho - dIghanikAya - 33 saMgitipariyAya suttameM cAra praznavyAkaraNa | 4. nyAyavArtika (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ), prastAvanA pR. 13-14 3. vahI / 6. dIghanikAya - sAmaJJaphalasutta / 5. nyA. prastAvanA, pR. 14 7. majjhimanikAya cUlamAluMkyaputta 63 / 8. isa praznako Izvarake svataMtra astitva yA nAstitva kA prazna bhI kahA jA sakatA hai / 10. zataka 2 uddezaka 1 | 9. nyA. prastAvanA, pR. 15 11. zataka 9 uddezaka 6 / sUtrakRtAMga 1.1.4.6 - " antavaM niie loe ii dhIro tipAsaI / " 12. loka kA matalaba hai paMcAstikAya / paMcAstikAya saMpUrNa AkAzakSetra meM nahIM kintu asaMkhyAta koTAkoTI yojana kI paridhi meM hai / nyA. (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) prastAvanA, pR. 3 13. nyA. (paM. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA) prastAvanA, 19 14. saMyuttanikA XVI 12; XXII 86; majjhimanikAya 15. majjhimanikAya - savvAsaMvasutta 2 / 17. saMyuttanikAya XXXIII 1. 19. vahI 20. vinayapiTaka mahAvaggaM VI. 81. aura aMgutara nikAya, Part IV. p 791. 21. bhagavatI 1.6.52 / cUlamAluMkyasutta 63 16. majjhimanikAya - savvAsaMvasutta 2. / saMyuktanikA XLIV. 8. 18.

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SaSTha prakaraNa anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyAM 1. vaidika darzana aura syAdvAda anya darzanoM meM syAdvAda kA kyA sthAna hai ? - yaha viSaya bhI apanA eka maulika sthAna rakhatA hai / vaidika - darzana ke adhyayana se pratIta hotA hai ki vaidika RSi syAdvAdika prakriyA se paricita the / anyathA ve nAsadIya sUkta meM sat aura asat donoM kA virodha na karate / ' eka jagaha kahA gayA hai : vaha nahIM hilatA hai, aura hilatA bhI hai / anyatra eka RSi kahatA hai : sat eka hai kintu vipra use aneka rUpa se varNana karate haiM / dUsarI jagaha kahA hai : "sRSTi ke Arambha meM sat hI thA, asat se sat kI utpatti kaise ho gaI ? "4 gItA meM eka jagaha kahA gayA hai : "na sa sattannAsaducyate" arthAt vaha na sat hai aura na asat / ina ullekhoM se itanA spaSTa hai ki vaidika RSi sat aura asat donoM se paricita the kahIM eka kA samarthana hai kahIM donoM kI vidhi hai aura kahIM donoM kA niSedha hai / yathArtha meM dekhA jAe to pratIta hogA ki yahI tInoM vikalpa sat -asat avaktavya naya ke samAna haiN| guNa- guNI Adi kA sarvathA bheda syAdvAda se viruddha par3atA hai| donoM darzana paryAyavAdI hone ke kAraNa kucha samAnatA rakhate haiM / pRthvI Adi tatvoM ko nityAnitya mAnakara, syAdvAda ke kucha nikaTa pratIta hote haiM / inakA pramANaviSayaka cintana apUrNa hai / akalaMka Adi ne isake cintana se prabhAvita hokara pratyakSa ke mukhya aura sAMkhya - vyavahArika do bheda kiye haiM / (a) sAMkhyayoga aura syAdvAda sAMkhya atyanta prAcIna hone ke kAraNa vizeSa vicAraNIya hai / ye do tattva ko mAnate haiM: 1. puruSa aura 2. prakRti / puruSa puSkara- palAza ke samAna nirlepa hai|" vaha bhoktA hai| puruSa jaina darzana ke samAna aneka haiN| vaha nirapekSa draSTA hai| buddhi se adhyavasita artha meM puruSa cetanA paidA karatA hai| inakA lakSya kaivalya hai / prakRti tattva jaina pudgana tattva se samAnatA rakhatA hai kintu yaha eka

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anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyAM 75 hai, jar3a hai,aura prasavadharmI hai / satva, raja, tamas kI samatA prakRti hai / inake andara kSobha hone se sRSTi kA Arambha hotA hai| aura prakRti se mahAn, mahAn se ahaMkAra, usase SoDaza guNa, pAMca jJAnendriyAM, pAMca karmendriya pAMca bhUta aura unase pAMca tanmAtrae~ aura mana kI utpatti yA vikAsa hotA hai|6|| kartRtva-dharma isameM pAyA jAtA hai| yaha vikAra ko bhI sthAna detI hai| puruSa na prakRti hai na vikRti / yoga-siddhAnta bhI prAyaH isI prakriyA anekAnta yA syAdvAda kA mUla hai| anekAnta syAvAda aura saptabhaMgI ke siddhAMta inakI hI suvyavasthA karate haiN| (ba) nyAya, vaizeSika aura syAdvAda nyAya aura vaizeSika cintana aura prakriyA meM lagabhaga samAna hone ke kAraNa eka gine jAte haiM / sapta padArtha yA solaha padArtha lagabhaga samAna hai| dravya, guNa, karma, sAmAnya, vizeSa, samavAya, abhAva Adi kA varNana nityAnityatva donoM ko lie hue haiN| kintu ye darzana sarvathA bheda ke pratipAdaka hone ke kAraNa ekAntavAdI kahalAte haiM / inakA cintana naigama ko mAnatA hai / pataMjali ne Izvara ko tathA yoga (aSTAMga) ko isake sAtha milAkara navIna darzana kA nirmANa kiyaa| jaina yoga aura pataMjali yoga bahuta kucha samAnatA rakhate haiM / ina donoM darzanoM ne prakRti ko eka aura aneka mAnakara syAdvAda kI mahattA kA paricaya diyA hai| pratIta hotA hai ki ye darzana isake abhAva se sarvathA vaMcita nahIM rahe (sa) pUrvamImAMsA darzana aura syAdvAda ___ mImAMsA darzana kI utpatti vaidika kriyAkANDa ko prAmANika siddha karane ke lie huI thii| bhAvanA, vidhi, niyoga Adi ke dvArA vaidika sUktoM ke arthoM kA nirNaya kiyA gayA hai| jahA~ taka dArzanika tattvoM kA saMbaMdha haiM, ye jaina darzana ke samAna hI utpAda, vyaya, dhrovyAtmaka tattva ko hI mAnate the| inake do bheda haiM / 1. bhATa mata aura, 2. prabhAkara mata / donoM meM bahuta thoDA antara hai / utpAdAdi traya ko tattva kA svarUpa mAnane se inakI AsthA syAdvAda meM pratIta hotI hai| tattva-saMgrahakAra inake syAdvAda kA poSaka mAnatA thaa| isalie nirgranthoM ke sAtha-sAtha hI inakA bhI khaMDana kiyA gayA hai| ye vedoM ko apane

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76 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda cintana kA AdhAra mAnate haiM / veda-prAmANya evaM zabda ke nityatva ke siddhAntoM kI AlocanA karake jaina darzanakAra tIrthaMkara-praNIta Agama aura zabda ke anityatva kI siddhi karate haiN| phira bhI dArzanika kSetra meM inakA cintana sAmAnya vizeSAtmaka hai| (da) vedAnta aura syAdvAda bhAratIya darzana meM vedAnta kA vikAsa aMtima aura sabase mahattvapUrNa hai| yaha brahmatattva ko mAnatA hai| vaha sat-cit-Anandamaya hai| brahma satya hai jagata mithyA hai / jIva aura brahma meM koI antara nahIM / bAhya jagata kI vyAkhyA ke lie isa darzana ne mAyA ke siddhAnta kA nirmANa kiyA hai| mAyA anirvacanIya hai| yaha hai aura nahIM bhI hai| isake lie nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA Azraya liyA gayA hai / jAgrata, svapna aura suSupti-rUpa tIna avasthAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| jaba brahma mAyA se avicchinna hotA hai, taba Izvara kA rUpa nirmANa kara jagat ke sarjana meM pravRtti hotA hai / jagat brahma kA vivarta hai / jaise samudra meM lahareM uThatI haiM, usI taraha jagat brahma kA bAhya rUpa hai| saMsAra se nivRtti ke lie mAyA se brahma kA pArthakya Avazyaka hai| AcArya bAdarAyaNa ne 'brahmasUtra' meM isakA acchA varNana kiyA hai| zaMkara ne bhASya likhakara isa siddhAnta kI acchI taraha paripuSTi kara advaita tattva kI sthApanA kI / rAmAnuja ne isI para bhASya likhakara viziSTAdvaita kI sthApanA kI hai| mAdhvAcArya, nimbArka, Adi AcAryoM ne bhedAbheda Adi siddhAntoM ko pratipAdita kara, advaita-tattva hI sarvapradhAna hai, yaha sthApita kiyA hai| mAyA ke kSetra meM syAdvAda kA Azraya liyA gayA hai| (2) cArvAka darzana aura syAdvAda cArvAka darzana bhautika darzana hai| isakA pratipAdana sRSTi-kartRtva tathA sRSTi abhivyakti dvArA huA hai| kucha loga bhUta-catuSTaya ko vizva kA kartA mAnate the, aura kucha loga eka tattva se sRSTi kI abhivyakti mAnate the / vahA~ kevala pratyakSa hI pramANa thA / ataH jIvana ko sukhamaya banAnA yA aihika sukhavAda hI unake jIvana kA lakSya thaa| cArvAka darzana ke loga jaDa padArtha se hI nirjIva tattva aura jIvana-tattvakI vyAkhyA karate haiM, jo binA syAdvAda dRSTi ko apanAe

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anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyAM 77 nahIM banatI / ataH cArvAka kA yaha cintana syAdvAda kA AdhAra liye pratIta hotA hai / bhautika kSetra meM syAdvAda ko apanAnA syAdvAda kA niSedha nahIM kahA jA sakatA / (3) pAzcAtya darzana aura syAdvAda 1 pAzcAtya dezoM meM darzana (Philosophy) buddhi kA camatkAra rahA hai / vahA~ loga jJAna ko mAtra jJAna ke lie hI jIvana kA lakSya samajhate haiM / pAzcAtya vicAroM ke anusAra dArzanika vaha hai jo jIva, jagata, paramAtmA, paraloka Adi tattvoM kA nirapekSa vidyAnurAgI ho / pAzcAtya jagata kA Adi dArzanika pleTo kahatA hai - "saMsAra ke samasta padArtha dvandvAtmaka haiM, ataH jIvana ke pazcAt mRtyu aura mRtyu ke pazcAt jIvana anivArya hai|"13 isI prakAra sukarAta, arastu Adi pramukha dArzanikoM kI niSThA bhI punarjanma ke siddhAnta meM rahI hai / grIka darzana meM bhI empIDoklIja (Empedocles) eTomisTsa (Atomists) aura enaiksAgorasa (Anaxagoras ) dArzanikoM ne iliaTiksa (Eleatics) ke nityatvavAda aura hairekliTasa ( Hereclitus) ke kSaNikavAda kA samanvaya karate hue padArthoM ke nityadazA meM rahete hue bhI apekSika parivartana (Relative change) svIkAra kiyA hai / 14 grIka ke mahAna vicAraka pleTo ne bhI isI prakAra ke vicAra pragaTa kiye haiM / 15 pazcima ke Adhunika darzana (Modern Philosophy) meM bhI isa prakAra ke samAna vicAroM kI kamI nahIM haiN| udAharaNa ke liye jarmanI ke prakANDa tattvavettA hegela (Hegel) kA kathana hai, ki viruddhadharmAtmakatA hI saMsAra kA mUla hai| kisI vastu kA yathArtha varNana karane ke liye hameM usa vastu saMbaMdhI saMpUrNa satya kahane ke sAtha usa vastu ke viruddha dharmoM kA kisa prakAra samanvaya ho sakatA hai, yaha batAnA cAhiye / 16 naye vijJAnavAda (New gdealism) ke pratipAdaka breDale ke anusAra pratyeka vastu dUsarI vastuoM se tulanA kiye jAne para AvazyakIya aura anAvazyakIya donoM siddha hotI hai| saMsAra meM koI bhI padArtha nagaNya athavA akiMcitkara nahIM kahA jA sakatA / ataeva pratyeka tuccha se tuccha vicAra meM aura choTI se choTI sattA meM satyatA vidyamAna hai / 17 Adhunika dArzanika joacima (Joachim) kA kahanA hai, ki koI bhI vicAra svataH hI, dUsare vicAra se sarvathA anapekSita hokara kevala

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78 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda apanI hI apekSA se satya nahIM kahA jA sakatA / udAharaNa ke liye, tIna se tIna ko guNA karane para nau hotA hai (3 x 3 = 9 ), yaha siddhAMta eka bAlaka ke liye sarvathA niSprayojana hai, parantu ise paDhakara eka vijJAnavettA ke sAmane gaNitazAstra ke vijJAna kA sArA nakzA sAmane A jAtA hai / 8 mAnasazAstra ke vidvAna pro. viliyama jemsa (W.James) ne bhI likhA hai, hamArI, aneka duniyA haiM / sAdhAraNa manuSya ina saba duniyAoM kA eka dUsare se asambaddha tathA anapekSita rUpa se jJAna karatA hai / pUrNa tattvavettA vahI hai, jo sampUrNa duniyAoM se eka dUsare se sambaddha aura apekSita rUpa meM jAnatA hai| isI prakAra ke vicAra perI2deg (Perry), naiyAyika josepha' (Joseph), eDamanDa hArsa22 (Edmund Holms) prabhRti vidvAnoM ne pragaTa kiye haiM / syAdvAda aura samanvaya dRSTi __ syAdvAda sampUrNa jainetara darzanoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| jaina darzanakAroM kA kathana hai, ki sampUrNa darzana nayavAda meM garbhita ho jAte haiM, ataeva sampUrNa darzana naya kI apekSA se satya haiM / udAharaNa ke liye RjUsUtranaya kI apekSA bauddha, saMgrahanaya kI apekSA vedAnta, naigamanaya kI apekSA nyAya-vaizeSika, zabdanaya kI apekSA zabda brahmavAdI, tathA vyavahAranaya kI apekSA cArvAka darzanoM ko satya kahA jA sakatA hai / 23 ye nayarUpa samasta darzana paraspara viruddha hokara bhI samudita hokara samyaktva rUpa kahe jAte haiM / jisa prakAra bhinna bhinna maNiyoM ke ekatra gUMthe jAne se eka sundara mAlA taiyAra ho jAtI hai, usI taraha jisa samaya bhinna bhinna darzana sApekSa vRtti dhAraNa karake ekatrita hote haiM, usa samaya ye jaina darzana kahe jAte haiM / ataeva jisa prakAra dhana, dhAnya Adi vastuoM ke liye vivAda karane vAle puruSoM ko koI sAdhu puruSa samajhA bujhAkara zAMta kara detA hai, usI taraha syAdvAda paraspara eka dUsare ke Upara AkramaNa karane vAle darzanoM ko sApekSa satya mAnakara sabakA samanvaya karatA hai / isIliye jaina vidvAno ne jina bhagavAna ke vacanoM ko mithyAdarzanoM kA samUha mAnakara amRta kA sAra batAyA hai / upAdhyAya yazovijaya jI ke zabdoM meM kahA jAya, to hama kaha sakate haiM, ki eka "saccA anekAntavAdI kisI bhI darzana se dveSa nahIM karatA / vaha sampUrNa nayarUpa darzanoM ko isa prakAra se vAtsalya dRSTi se dekhatA hai, jaise koI

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anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyAM 79 pitA apane putroM ko dekhatA hai| kyoMki anekAntavAdI kI nyUnAdhika buddhi nahIM ho sakatI / vAstava meM saccA zAstrajJa kahe jAne kA adhikArI vahI hai, jo syAdvAda kA avalaMbana lekara sampUrNa darzanoM me samAna bhAva rakhatA hai| vAstava meM mAdhyastha bhAva hI zAstroM kA gUDha rahasya hai. yahI dharmavAda hai| mAdhyastha bhAva rahane para zAstroM ke eka pada kA jJAna bhI saphala hai, anyathA karoDoM zAstroM ke paDha jAne se bhI koI lAbha nahIM / 24 nissandeha saccA syAdvAdI sahiSNu hotA hai, vaha rAga-dveSa rUpa AtmA ke vikAroM para vijaya prApta karane kA satata prayatna karatA rahatA hai / vaha dUsaroM ke siddhAntoM ko Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai, aura madhyastha bhAva se sampUrNa virodhoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| siddhasena divAkara ne veda, sAMkhya, nyAyavaizeSika, bauddha Adi darzanoM para dvAtriMzikAoM kI racanA karake, aura haribhadrasUri ne SaDadarzanasamuccaya meM chaha darzanoM kI niSpakSa samAlocanA karake isI udAra vRtti kA paricaya diyA hai / itanA hI nahIM, balki mallavAdI, haribhadrasUri, rAjazekhara paM. AzAdhara, u. yazovijaya Adi aneka jaina vidvAnoM ne vaidika aura bauddha graMthoM para TIkA-TippaNiyAM likhakara apanI guNagrAhitA, samanvayavRtti aura hRdaya kI vizAlatA ko spaSTarUpa se pramANita kiyA hai| ___ vAstava meM dekhA jAya to satya eka hai tathA vaidika, jaina aura bauddha darzanoM meM koI paraspara virodha nahIM / pratyeka dArzanika bhinna bhinna deza aura kAla kI paristhiti ke anusAra satya ke kevala aMza mAtra ko grahaNa karatA hai| vaidika dharma vyavahAra pradhAna hai, bauddha dharma ko zravaNa pradhAna, aura jainadharma ko kartavya pradhAna kahA jA sakatA hai / 25 eka darzana karma, upAsanA aura jJAna ko mokSa kA pradhAna kAraNa kahatA hai; dUsarA zIla, samAdhi aura prajJA ko; tathA tIsarA samyagadarzana, jJAna aura cAritra ko mokSa kA pradhAna kAraNa mAnatA hai, parantu sabakA dhyeya eka hI hai| jisa prakAra sarala aura TeDhe mArga se jAnevAlI bhinna bhinna nadiyA~ anta meM jAkara eka hI samudra meM milatI haiM, usI taraha bhinna bhinna ruciyoM ke kAraNa udbhava hone vAle samasta darzana eka hI pUrNa satya meM samAviSTa ho jAte haiN|26 SaTdarzanoM ko jinendra ke aMga kahakara paramayogI AnaMdaghanajI ne Anandaghana caubIsI meM isa bhAva ko nimna bhASA meM vyakta kiyA hai

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda SaT darasaNa jina aMga bhaNIje / nyAya SaDaMga jo sAdhe re / namijinavaranA caraNa upAsaka / SaT darzana ArAdhe re // 1 jinasura pAdapa pAya vakhANuM / sAMkhyajoga doya bhedeM re|| Atama sattA vivaraNa karatA / laho duga aMga akhedeM re / 2 bheda abheda sugata mImAMsaka / jinavara doya kara bhArI re / . lokAloka avalaMbana bhajiye / gurugamathI avadhArI re // 3 lokAyatika kUkha jinavaranI / aMzavicAra jo kIje / tattvavicAra sudhArasa dhArA / gurugama viNa kema pIje // 4 jaina jinezvara uttama aMga / aMtaraMga bahiraMge re| akSaranyAsa dharA ArAdhaka / ArAdhe dharI saMge re // 5 nissandeha ekatA meM vividhatA aura vividhatA meM ekatA kA darzana karake jaina AcAryoM ne syAdvAd kA pratipAdana karake vizva ko mahAna sevA arpaNa kI pAdaTIpa 1. nAsadAsInna sadAsItadAnIm - ityAdi / -Rgveda 10-129-1 . 2. yannaijjati tade jati...-upaniSad 3. ekaM sad viprA bahudhA vadanti // - Rgveda 1/164/86, pR. 320 / 4. sadeva saumyedamagra AsIt -chAndogyopaniSat 6/2 .. 5. prakRtistu kI puruSastu puSkarapalAza vnirlepH| 6. prakRtermahA~stato'haMkAra.....paMcebhya: paMcabhUtAni - sAMkhya tattvakaumudI / 7. na prakRtiH na vikRtiH puruSa : / 8. nirvizeSaM hI sAmAnyaM bhavecchAgaviSANavat ta sAmAnyarahitvena vizeSAstadvedeva hi| -kumArila - mImAMsA zloka vArtika 9. sat cit Anandamaya brahma / 10. brahma satyaM jaganmithyA, jIvo brahmaiva naapr| 11. janmAdya brahmasya yataH - brahmasUtra / 12. yAvajjIvet sukhaM jIvet RNaM kRtvA ghRtaM pibet - cArvAk darzana

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anekAntavAda aura anya dArzanika praNAliyAM 81 33. There are beings or particles of reality that are permanent, origi nal, imperishable, underived, and these can not change into anything else: They are what they are and must remain so, just as the Eleatic school maintains. These beings, or particles of reality, however, can be combined and separated, that is, form bodies that can again be resolved into their elements. The original bits of reality can not be created or destroyed or change their nature, but they can change their relations in respect to each other. And that is what we mean by change. Thilly. History of Philosophy Pg. 32. 15. When we speak of not being, we speak, I suppose not of something opposed to being, but only different. -Dialogues of Plato 16. Reality is now this, now that; In this sense it is full of nega tions, contradictions, and oppositions: the plant germinates, blooms, withers, and dies; man is young, mature, and old. To do a thing justice, We must tell the whole truth about it, predicate all those contradictions of it, and show how they are reconciled and preserved in the articulated whole which we call the life of the thing. --Thilly : History of Philosophy Y. 8EUR/g 17. Everything is essential and everything worthless in comparison with other. Now where is there even a Single fact so Fragmentary that to the universe it does not matter. There is truth in every idea however false, there is reality in every existence however light. -Appearance and Reality q. 866 18. No judgment is true in itself and by itself. Every judgment as a piece of concrete thinking is informed, conditioned to some extent, constituted by the apperceipient character of the mind. -Nature of truth 37. 3, P. 52-3 19. The principles of psychology Vol. 1 37. po . P88 20. Present Philosophical Tendencies Chapter On Realism. 21. Introduction to Logic. q. 262-38

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82 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 22. Let us take the antithesis of the swift and the slow. It would be nonsense to say that every moment is either swift or slow. It would be nearer the truth to say that every moment is both swift and slow, swift by comparison with what is slower than itself, slow by comparison with what is swifter than itself --In the quest of India pR. 21 23. bauddhAnAmRjusUtrato matamabhUdvedAntinAM saMgrahAt / sAMkhyAnAM tata eva naigamanayAd yaugazca vaizeSika: // zabda brahmavido'pi zabdanayataH sarniyairgumphitA / jainI dRSTiritIha sArataratA pratyakSamudvIkSyate // - adhyAtmasAra-jinamatistuti 24. yasya sarvatra samatA nayeSu tanayeSTiva / tasyAnekAntavAdasya kva nyUnAdhika zemuSI // 61 tena syAdvAdamAlaMbya sarvadarzanatulyatAM / mokSoddezAvizeSeNa yaH pazyati sa zAstravit / / 70 mAdhyasthameva zAstrArtho yena taccAra sidhyati / / sa eva dharmavAdaH syAdanyadvAlizalganam // 72 mAdhyastha sahitaM hokapadajJAnamapi pramA / zAstrakoTiH vRthaivAnyA tathA cokta mahAtmanA / / 73 // adhyAtmasAra / 25. zrotavyo saugato dharmaH kartavyaH pumarAhataH / vaidiko vyavahartavyo dhyAtavyaH paramaH zivaH // haribhadra / 26. trayI sAMkhyaM yogaH pazupatimataM vaiSNavamiti / prabhinne prasthAne paramidamataH pathyamiti ca / rUcInAM vaicitryAt RjukuTilanAna pathajuSAM / nRNAmeko gamyastvamasi payasAmarNava iva // zivamahimnaH srotra /

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saptama prakaraNa anekAntavAda : pramukha dArzanikoM kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa jaina darzana ne darzana zabda kI kAlpanika vyAkhyAoM se Upara uThakara tattvacintana ke kSetra meM baddhamUla ekAntika dhAraNAoM kA unmUlana karane evaM vastu ke yathArtha svarUpa ko abhivyakta karane ke lie anekAntadRSTi aura syAdvAda kI bhASA dI hai / isa dena meM usakA yahI uddezya rahA hai ki vizva apane vAstavika svarUpa ko samajhe ki usakA pratyeka cetana aura jar3a tattva anaMtadharmo kA bhaNDAra hai / pratyeka vastu ananta guNa, paryAya aura dharmoM kA piNDa hai / vaha apanI anAdi-a da- ananta saMtAna- sthiti kI dRSTi se nitya hai / kabhI bhI aisA samaya nahIM A sakatA jaba vizva ke raMgamaMca se eka RNa kA bhI samUla vinAza ho jAye yA usakI saMtati sarvathA ucchinna ho jAye / sAtha hI usake paryAya pratikSaNa badala rahe haiM / usake guNadharmo meM sadRza yA visadRza parivartana ho rahA hai, ata: yaha anitya bhI / isI taraha ananta guNa zakti, paryAya aura dharma pratyeka vastukI nijI saMpatti hai, lekina hamArA svalpa jJAna inameM se eka-eka aMza ko viSaya karake kSudra matavAdoM kI sRSTi kara rahA hai / syAdvAda ke ukta dRSTikoNa ko nahIM samajhakara aura vastu ko yathArtha dRSTikoNa se dekhane kA prayAsa na kara aneka bhAratIya dArzanikoM ne apane ekAMgika cintana ke AdhAra para syAdvAda siddhAnta kI AlocanA evaM usa para doSAropaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai / koI vastu hai bhI, aura nahIM bhI hai- yaha kathana anya darzanakAroM ko hRdayaMgama nahIM hotA / kisI bhI vastu meM astitva ke sAtha nAstitva ko bhI dharma rUpa se batAnA UparI sataha vAle mAnasika dharAtala para jamatA nahIM hai| astitva aura nAstitva paraspara virUddha dharma dikhate haiM / virodhI dharma ekasAtha eka vastu meM kaise raha sakate haiM ? isa tarka ke sAtha anya tarka bhI anekAnta ke virodha meM pratIta hone lagate haiM / yahI kAraNa hai ki anya darzanakAroM ko anekAntavAda sadoSa mAlUma par3A aura unhoMne isameM tarka dvArA kaI doSa udbhAvita kiye haiM / sarvaprathama hama AcArya dharmakIrti ko lete haiM / ye vidvAna bauddha AcArya 1

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84 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda haiM aura upalabdha sAhitya ke anusAra anekAnta-virodhI tarka ke sarvaprathama prastotA hai / AcArya dharmakIrti ke do, tarka sAmane Ate haiM / 1. eka to vastu ko sva-pararUpa mAnane se bar3I kaThinAI paidA honaa| 2. dUsare sabako sva-svarUpa mAnane se buddhi aura zabda bhinna nahIM ho skeNge| AcArya dharmakIrti ne jo prathama virodhI tarka upasthita kiyA hai, vaha vastu ko svapararUpa mAnane kI mAnyatA ko lekara hai| lekina sAdhAraNa taura para dekhA jAya to yaha anekAntavAda kI mAnyatA nahIM hai| anekAntavAda vastu meM svarUpa kI dRSTI se sattva aura pararUpa kI dRSTi se asattva mAnatA hai| ghaTa ghaTatva kI apekSA sat hai, paTatva kI apekSA asat hai| isakA matalaba yaha huA ki ghaTa paTa nahIM hai| tabhI to paTatvAvacchedena usameM nAstitva AtA hai| yadi ghaTa ko rUpa bhI mAna liyA to paTTatvAvacchedena usameM nAstitva dharma nahIM AyegA / anekAntadarzana to vastu meM astitva aura nAstitva donoM dharmoM ko mAnatA haiN| usake mata meM sattva asattva ko choDakara nahIM rahatA hai| donoM dharma vastu meM avacchedaka bheda se rahate haiN|' isa vivecana ke pariprekSya meM dekhA jAya to anekAnta darzana vastu ko pararUpa nahIM mAnatA hai| ataH AcArya dharmakIrti kA yaha dUSaNa udbhAvita karanA anucita evaM nirmUla hai| dUsarA tarka AcAryazrI ne yaha diyA hai ki sabake sva svarUpa mAna lene se eka zabda se hI arthoM kA bodha ho jAyegA / sAdhAraNataH anekAnta darzana meM sabako sva svarUpa nahIM mAnA gayA hai| yadi sabako sva svarUpa mAna liyA jAya to para yA anya ke abhAva se vastu bhAvAbhAvAtmaka nahIM ho pAyagI aura vastu kI pratiniyata svabhAvatA ke liye Avazyaka anya vyAvRtti rUpa svabhAva vastu kA nahIM bana paaygaa| yadi ghaTa paTadi rUpa ho jAya to anya ke abhAva ho jAne se anya vyAvRtti na ho pAyegI / phalasvarUpa vastu kI pratiniyata svabhAvatA nahIM rhegii| ataH pratyakSabodha AvegA / anekAnta kA mUla siddhAnta hai vastu ko bhAvAbhAvAtmaka Adi mAnanA / isa siddhAnta ko bhI kSati phuNcegii| ataH sabako sva svarUpa nahIM mAnA jAtA / / maharSi bAdarAyaNa ne apane brahmasUtra meM sAmAnya rUpa se anekAnta tattva

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anekAntavAda : pramukha dArzanikoM kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa 85 meM dUSaNa dete hue kahA thA / "naikasminnasaMbhavAt / " -eka vastu meM aneka dharma nahIM ho sakate haiN| zaMkarAcArya ne brahmasUtra para likhita apane sAMkhya-bhASya meM ukta sUtra kI vyAkhyA meM ise "vivasana samaya" likhakara syAdvAda ke saptabhaMgI naya meM sUtranirdiSTa virodha ke alAvA saMzayadoSa kA bhI saMketa kiyA hai| sUtra para bhASya likhate hue unhoMne kahA hai ki "eka vastu meM paraspara virodhI aneka dharma nahIM ho sakate haiN| jaise ki eka hI vastu zIta aura uSNa nahIM ho sakatI hai / jo sAta padArtha yA paMcAstikAya batAye haiM, unakA varNana jisa rUpa meM hai, ve usa rUpa meM bhI hoMge aura anya rUpa meM bhI / yAnI eka bhI rUpa se unakA nizcaya nahIM hone se saMzaya dUSaNa AtA hai / pramAtA, prameti, Adi ke svarUpa meM bhI isI taraha nizcayAtmakatA na hone se tirthaMkara kise upadeza deMge aura zrotA kaise pravRtti kareMge ? pAMca astikAyoM kI pAMca saMkhyA hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, yaha to bar3I vicitra bAta hai| eka tarapha avaktavya bhI kahate haiM, phira use vaktavya zabda se kahate bhI jAte haiM / yaha to spaSTa virodha hai ki "svarga aura mokSa hai bhI aura nahIM bhI, nitya bhI hai anitya bhii|" tAtparya yaha ki eka vastu meM paraspara virodhI do dharmoM kA honA saMbhava hI nahIM hai| ata: Arhata mata kA syAdvAda siddhAnta asaMgata hai|" zaMkarAcArya ke ukta kathana ke bAre meM syAvAda kA dRSTikoNa prastuta karane ke pUrva yahAM una vidvAnoM kA abhimata upasthita karatI hU~, jinhoMne zAMkara bhASya aura syAdvAda ke bAre meM tulanAtmaka dRSTi se cintana karake apane vicAra vyakta kiye haiN| pro. baladeva upAdhyAya ke anusAra "syAdvAda saMzayavAda kA rUpAntara nahIM hai, Apa use sambhavavAda kahanA cAhate haiM, parantu "syAt" kA artha sambhavavAda karanA bhI nyAyasaMgata nahIM hai| syAsi ghaTaH arthAt svadravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva kI apekSA se ghaTa hai hI, syAnAsti ghaTaH paradravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAvakI apekSA se ghaTa nahIM hai / syAdavAda spaSTa rUpa se yaha kaha rahA hai ki 'syAsti' yaha dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva isa sva catuSTayako apekSA se hai hI, to yaha nizcita avadhAraNA hai ataH yaha na sambhavavAda hai aura na anizcayavAda

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 86 hI, kintu kharA apekSAyukta nizcayavAda hai / pro. phaNibhUSaNa adhikArI ne spaSTa likhA hai / " jaina dharma ke syAdvAda siddhAnta ko jitanA galata samajhA gayA, utanA anya kisI bhI siddhAnta ko nhiiN| yahA~ taka ki vaidika AcArya zaMkarAcArya bhI doSamukta nahIM hai / unhoMne bhI isa siddhAnta ke prati anyAya kiyA hai / yaha bAta alpajJa puruSoM ke lie kSamya ho sakatI thI kintu yadi mujhe kahane kA adhikAra ho to maiM bhArata ke isa mahAna vidvAna ke lie to akSamya hI kahU~gA, yadyapi maiM isa maharSi ko atIva Adara kI dRSTi se dekhatA huuN| aisA jAna par3atA hai ki unhoMne isa dharma ke darzanazAstra ke mUla graMthoM kI paravAha nahIM kI / " I pAzcAtya vidvAna Do. thAmasa kA kahanA hai- " " syAdvAda siddhAnta baDA gambhIra hai / yaha vastu kI bhinna-bhinna sthitiyoM meM acchA prakAza DAlatA hai I syAdvAda kA amara siddhAnta dArzanika jagat meM bahuta U~cA siddhAnta mAnA gayA hai / vastutaH syAdvAda satya jJAna kI kuMjI hai / dArzanika kSetra meM syAdvAda ko samrATa kA rUpa diyA gayA hai| syAt zabda ko eka praharI ke rUpa meM svIkAra karanA cAhie jo uccarita dharma ko idhara-udhara nahIM jAne detA hai| yaha avivakSita dharma kA saMrakSaka hai, saMzayAdi zatruoM kA saMrodhaka va vibhinna dArzanikoM kA saMpoSaka hai / " vidvAnoM ke abhimatoM ko upasthita karane ke bAda aba zaMkarAcArya ke kathana ke bAre meM syAdvAda kA dRSTikoNa prastuta karatI hU~ 1 vastu anekAnta rUpa hai, usameM aneka dharma apekSA - pUrvaka avirodha rUpa se rahate haiM, yaha samajhane kI bAta nahIM hai| eka hI padArtha apekSAbheda se paraspara virodhI aneka dharmo kA AdhAra hotA hai / jaise ki eka hI vyakti apekSAoM ke bheda se pitA bhI hai, putra bhI hai, guru bhI hai, ziSya bhI hai, jyeSTa bhI hai, kaniSTha bhI hai, isI taraha aura bhI aneka upAdhibheda apanI-apanI apekSAoM se usameM vidyamAna haiM / yahI bAta pratyeka vastu ke bAre meM bhI samajhanI cAhie ki dravya, kSetra, kAla, bhAva Adi vibhinna apekSAoM se usameM ananta dharma saMbhava haiN| kevala apanI icchA se yaha kaha denA ki jo pitA hai, vaha putra kaise ? jo jyeSTha hai, vaha kaniSTha kaise ? jo guru hai, vaha ziSya kaise ? Adi pratitisiddha aura pratyakSa dikhAI dene vAle svarUpa kA apalApa hI mAnA jAyegA / apanI ekAMgI dRSTise 1

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anekAntavAda : pramukha dArzanikoM kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa 87 kucha bhI mAna liyA jAye athavA kaha diyA jAye, kintu vastu meM vidyamAna una pratItisiddha dharmo kA apalApa nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai, unheM jhuThalAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| __ aba ukta dRSTAMto ke prakAza meM hama syAdvAda ke kathana kI parIkSA kreN| syAdvAda meM paraspara, viruddha do dharmoM ko eka padArtha meM mAnane kA kAraNa yaha hai ki usameM ekAnta nitya aura ekAnta anitya se vilakSaNa tIsarA hI pakSa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai / kyoMki syAdvAda meM pratyeka vastu kisI apekSA se nitya aura kisI apekSA se anitya svIkAra kI gaI hai| yaha nityAnitya rUpa saba logoM ke anubhava meM AtA hai| jaina darzana meM sAta tattvoM kA jo svarUpa hai, unakA usa svarUpa se hI to astitva hai, kintu bhinna svarUpa se to unakA nAstitva hI hai| yadi jisa rUpa se unakA astitva kahA jAtA hai, usI rUpa se nAstitva kahA jAye to virodha yA asaMgati ho sakatI thI / strI jisakI patnI hai, usI kI mAtA kahI jAye to viparIta bAta ho sakatI hai| brahma kA jo svarUpa nitya, eka aura vyApaka batAyA jAtA hai usI rUpa se to brahma kA astitva mAnA jA sakatA hai, anitya, aneka aura avyApaka rUpa se to nahIM / hama yahAM eka prazna pUchate haiM ki bahma kA nityAdi rUpa se jisa prakAra astitva hai, kyA usI prakAra anitya Adi rUpa se bhI usakA astitva hai ? yadi aisA hI mAnA jAye to kyA brahma kA svarUpa samajhane yogya raha jAtA hai ? aura phira kyA vaha samajha liyA jAyegA? yadi nahIM, to brahma nityAdi rUpa se sat hai aura anityAdi rUpa se asat hai, isa prakAra vaha aneka-dharmAtmaka siddha ho jAtA hai, vaise hI jagat ke samasta padArtha isa trikAlabAdhita svarUpa se vyApta haiN| pramAtA aura pramiti Adi ke jo svarUpa haiM, unakI dRSTi se hI to unakA astitva hogA / anya svarUpoM se unakA astitva kaise ho sakatA hai? anyathA svarUpoM meM saMkaratA hone se jagat kI vyavasthA kA hI lopa ho jaayegaa| sAmAnyajana asamaMjasa meM paDa jAyeMge ki hama pramAtA kise kaheM, pramiti kyA hai aura pramANa kA lakSya kyA hai ? ___paMcAstikAya kI saMkhyA pAMca hai; vAra, tIna yA do nahIM, isameM kyA virodha hai ? yadi yaha kahA jAtA hai ki "paMvAstikAya pAMca haiM, aura pAMca nahIM

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88 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda hai to virodha ho sakatA thA, para apekSAbheda se to paMcAstikAya pAMca hai, cAra Adi nahIM / dUsarI bAta yaha hai ki sAmAnya se pA~co astikAya astikAyatvena eka hokara bhI vizeSa kI apekSA tattad vyaktiyoM kI dRSTi se pAMca bhI haiM, isameM virodha kaisA aura virodha karane kA kAraNa kyA hai ? svarga aura mokSa apane svarUpa kI dRSTi se hai, narakAdi kI dRSTi se nahIM, isameM kyA Apatti hai / svarga, svarga hai, naraka to hai nahIM, mokSa, mokSa hI to hogA, saMsAra to nahIM hogaa| isa bAta ko to Apako bhI mAnanA par3egA aura Apa mAnate hI hoNge| upaniSadoM meM sat, asat, sadasat, aura avaktavya - ye cAroM pakSa milate haiM / bauddha tripiTaka meM bhI cAra pakSa milate haiM / sAntatA aura anantatA, nityatA aura anityatA Adi praznoM ko buddha ne avyAkRta kahA hai| usI prakAra ina cAroM pakSoM ko bhI avyAkRta kahA gayA hai| udAharaNa ke lie nimna prazna avyAkRta haiM - 1. hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAti ? na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAti ? . . hoti ca na hoti ca tathAgato paraM maraNAti neva hoti na na hoti tathAgato paraM maraNAti ? sayaM kataM dukkhaMti ? paraM kataM dukkhaMti ? . sayaM kataM paraM kataM ca dukkhaMti asayakAraM aparakAraM dukkhaMti ? saMjayavelaTThiputta bhI isa prakAra ke praznoM kA na 'hAM' meM uttara detA thA na "nA" meN| usakA kisI bhI viSaya meM kucha bhI nizcaya na thA / vaha na hAM kahatA thA na "nA" kahatA, na avyAkRta kahatA, na vyAkRta kahatA / kisI bhI prakAra kA vizeSaNa dene meM vaha bhaya khAtA thA / dUsare zabdoM meM vaha saMzayavAdI thaa| kisI bhI viSaya meM apanA nizcita mata prakaTa nahIM karatA thaa| syAdvAda aura saMjayake saMzayavAda meM yaha antara hai ki syAdvAda nizcayAtmaka hai, jabaki saMjaya kA saMzayavAda anizcayAtmaka hai| mahAvIra pratyeka

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anekAntavAda : pramukha dArzanikoM kI AlocanAoM kA nirAkaraNa 89 prazna kA uttara apekSAbheda se nizcita uttara dete the| ve na to buddha kI taraha avyAkRta kahakara yala dete the, aura na saMjaya kI taraha anizcaya kA bahAnA banAte the / jo loga syAdvAda ko saMjayavelaTThiputta kA saMzayavAda samajhate haiM, ve syAdvAda ke svarUpa ko samajha nahIM pAe haiM / jaina darzana ke AcAryoM ne spaSTa kahA hai ki syAdvAda saMzayavAda nahIM hai / vaha nizcayavAda hai, jJAnavAda hai| saMjaya ke anizcayavAda kA syAdvAda se koI sambandha nahIM hai| anekAnta ke virodhI toM para gambhIratA se vicAra kiyA jAya to patA lagatA hai ki vibhinna darzanakAroM ne jo anekAnta virodhI tarka prastuta kiye haiM, unameM una darzanakAroM ne anekAnta darzana ke sAtha nyAya nahIM kiyA hai| mAlUma hotA hai ki virodhI darzanakAro ne anekAntavAda ko samajhane kA yA to prayatna hI nahIM kiyA, yA samajhakara bhI Upara Upara hI usakA virodha kiyA / vaijJAnika mArga yaha hai ki hama apane virodhiyoM kI bAta ko ThIka se samajheM, phira usa para AlocanA kareM yadi hama usako ThIka na samajhakara athavA usake dvArA ukta zabdoM ke artha ko ghumAkara yA usake eka deza ko lekara hama usakA upahAsa karane kI dRSTi se kucha bhI artha kareM, yaha ucita mArga athavA tattvAnveSaNa yA tattva jijJAsA kA mArga nahIM hai aura yaha saMdarbhita cintana ke prati anyAya bhI yaha pahale bhI spaSTa kiyA jA cukA hai aura yahAM punaH duharAte haiM ki syAdvAda padArthoM ko jAnane kI eka dRSTi hai| syAdvAda svayaM aMtima satya nahIM hai / vaha hameM aMtima satya taka pahuMcAne ke lie kevala mArgadarzaka kA kAma karatA hai / syAdvAda se vyavahAra-satya ke jAnane meM upasthita honevAle virodhoM kA samanvaya kiyA jA sakatA hai / isalie jaina darzanakAroM ne syAdvAda ko vyavahAra-satya mAnA hai| vyavahAra-satya ke Age jaina darzana meM nirapekSa satya bhI mAnA gayA hai jise pAribhASika zabdoM meM kevalajJAna kahA jAtA hai / syAdvAda meM sampUrNa padArthoM kA krama-krama se jJAna hotA hai| kintu kevalajJAna satyaprApti kI utkRSTa dazA hai, usameM sampUrNa padArtha aura una padArthoM ke ananta paryAya ekasAtha pratibhAsita hote haiM / syAdvAda kA kSetra loka-vyavahAra bhI hai aura dravyamAtra bhI hai, jisakA parijJAna saptabhaMgI dvArA ho jAtA hai / syAdvAda hameM kevala jaise-taise ardhasatyoM ko hI pUrNa satya mAna lene ke lie bAdhya nahIM karatA

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90 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 1 hai / kintu satya ke darzana ke lie aneka mArgo kI khoja karatA hai / syAdvAda kA kathana hai ki manuSya kI zakti sImita hai, isIlie vaha ApekSika satya ko hI jAna sakatA hai / hameM pahale vyAvahArika virodhoM kA samanvaya karake ApekSika satya ko prApta karanA cAhie aura ApekSika satya ko jAnane ke bAda hama pUrNa satya kevalajJAna kA sAkSAtkAra karane ke adhikArI ho sakate haiM / yadyapi syAdvAda ko virodhI samAlocakoM ke bharapUra AkSepa sahana karane par3e haiM parantu bhagavAn mahAvIra anantadharma vAlI vastu ke saMbaMdha meM vyavasthita aura pUrNa nizcayavAdI the / unhoMne na kevala vastu kA anekAnta svarUpa hI batAyA kintu usake jAnane-dekhane ke upAya naya dRSTiyAM aura usake pratipAdana kA prakAra - syAdvAda bhI batAyA / syAdvAda na to saMzayavAda hai, na kadAcitvAda hai, na kiMcitvAda hai aura na saMbhavavAda yA abhISTavAda hI hai / vaha to " apekSA se prayukta hone vAlA nizcayavAda hai / " isIlie syAdvAda saMpUrNa jainetara darzanoM kA unakI dRSTiko yathAsthAna rakhakara samanvaya karane meM samartha ho sakA hai / pAdaTIpa 1. syAdvAda maMjarI zloka 28, pR. 195 upAdhibhedopahitaM viruddhaM nArtheSvasatvaM sadavAcyate ca ityaprabudhyaiva virodha bhItAH...28 // 2. pratyakSAdinA pramANena anantadharmAtmakasyaiva sakalasya pratIteH.... ghaTaH svadravyakSetrakAlabhAvaiH vidyate, para dravyakSetrakAlabhAvaiH ca na vidyate / 3. 4. 5. brahmasUtra, 212133 zAMkarabhASya, 2/2/33 bhAratIya darzana pR. 173 anekAnta vyavasthA kI antima prazasti / - SaDdarzana samuccaya, pR.329

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aSTama prakaraNa anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva vibhinna darzanakAroM ne kisI samasyA ko hala karane evaM kahIM para Ane vAlI visaMgati ko dUra karane ke lie ajJAta rUpa se anekAnta dRSTi yA usake samAnadharmA upAya apanAyA hai / - mahAmuni pataMjali kA vyAkaraNa mahAbhASya meM jo kathana hai, usako leN| pataMjali kA samaya IsA se pahale dUsarI zatAbdI hai / mahAmuni ke sammukha yaha prazna AyA ki kiM punaH nityaH zabdaH Ahosvit kAryaH ?' zabdanitya hai yA anitya ? isakA uttara Age ve dete haiM / "saMgrahe etatprAdhAnyena parIkSitam // "2 "nityo vA syAt kAryo vA iti / tatroktAH doSAH prayojanAnyapi uktAni / tatra tveSaH nirNayaH yadyeva nityaH athApi kAryaH ubhayAthApi lakSaNe pravartyamiti / " mahAbhASyakAra samAdhAna karate haiM - "saMgraha" nAmaka vyADi AcArya kRta graMtha meM pradhAna rUpa se isakA vicAra kiyA gayA hai| isa viSaya kI parIkSA karake, doSa tathA prayojana kahane ke bAda vahA~ yaha nirNaya batalAyA gayA hai ki zabda nitya hai aura anitya bhI hai| donoM prakAra se lakSaNa kI pravRtti karanI caahie| - yahAM para zabda kI nityatA evaM anityatA donoM batalAkara spaSTa rUpa se mahAbhASyakAra ne anekAnta dRSTi ko apanAyA hai / .. AcArya baladeva upAdhyAya gItA ke viSaya meM kahate haiM - . "gItA kA adhyAtma pakSa jitanA yuktiyukta tathA samanvayAtmaka hai, usakA vyavahAra pakSa bhI utanA hI manorama tathA AdaraNIya hai..... ina vidvAna bhASyakAroM kI yuktiyAM apane dRSTikoNa se nitAnta sAragarbhita haiM, ise koI bhI Alocaka mAnane se nahIM hicaka sakatA, paraMtu pUrvakta matoM meM gItA ke upadezoM

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92 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda kI samagratA tathA vyApakatA para pUrNataH dhyAna nahIM diyA gayA hai / zAstroM ne mAnavI prakRti kI bhinnatA kA dhyAna rakha carama lakSya kI prApti ke lie trividha upAyoM kI vyavasthA kI hai / cintana kA premI sAdhaka jJAnamArga se, sAMsArika viSayoM kI abhiruci vAlA puruSa karmayoga se tathA anurAgAdi mAnasika vRttiyoM kA vizeSa vikAsa vAlA vyakti bhakti kI sahAyatA se apane uddezya para pahuMca sakatA hai| ina bhinna-bhinna mArgoM ke anuyAyI sAdhaka apane hI mArga kI viziSTatA tathA upAdeyatA para jora dete the tathA anya mArgoM ko nitAnta heya batalAte the / gItA ke adhyAya se hI patA calatA hai ki usa samaya bhAratavarSa meM cAra prakAra ke pRthak - pRthak mArga pracalita the / "3 ina cAroM ke nAma haiM karmamArga, jJAnamArga, dhyAnamArga tathA bhaktimArga / jo jisa mArga kA pathika thA, vaha use hI sabase acchA mAnatA thA, usakI dRSTi meM mukti kA dUsarA mArga thA hI nahIM, parantu bhagavAn ne gItA kA pracAra kara ina vividha sAdhanoM kA apUrva samanvaya kara diyA hai, jisakA phala yaha hai ki jisa prakAra prayAga meM gaMgA, yamunA tathA sarasvatI kI dhArAe~ bhAratabhUmi ko pavitra karatI huI triveNI ke rUpa meM baha rahI haiM, usI prakAra karma, jJAna, dhyAna tathA bhakti kI dhArAe~ gItA meM milakara tattvajijJAsuoM kI jJAnapipAsA miTAtI huI bhagavAn kI ora agrasara ho rahI haiN| yaha samanvaya gItA kI apanI viziSTatA haiN|" isa kathana meM batalAyA gayA hai ki gItA meM karma, dhyAna, jJAna tathA bhakti ina cAra mArgoM kA samanvaya kiyA gayA hai / isa kathana meM spaSTa rUpa se anekAnta kI chAyA hai| yogI Anandaghana kavi kA yaha prasiddha pada - "rAma kaho rahamAna kaho, kou kAnha kaho mahAdeva rI pArasanAtha kaho koI brahmA sakala brahma svayameva rI // bhAjanabheda kahAvata nAnA eka mRttikA rUpa rii| taise khaNDa kalpanAropita Apa akhaNDa svarUpa rI // " "nija pada rame rAma so kahie rahama kare rahamAna rI / karSe karma kAnha so kahie brahma cinheM so brahma rI // " dekhae. ina donoM meM pUrvokta zloka ke samAna anekAnta ke samAna

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anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva aneka vikalpAtmaka kathana haiN| hegela mahodaya kA eka kathana aura dekhie - "pratyeka vastu bhAva aura abhAva kA mela hai| isake astitva kA artha hI yaha ekasAtha hai aura "nahIM" hai / bhAva meM hI abhAva vidyamAna hai / "5 yaha bhAvAbhAvAtmaka vastu ko mAnanA spaSTa anekAnta ke sadRza hai / anekAntavAda astitva, nAstitva Adi ubhaya dharmoM kA samanvita rUpa hai / spaSTa hI anekAnta ke samAna kathana yahA~ hai| aba hama prasiddha cintaka zrI kabIra kA uddharaNa leM - "sAkAra brahma merI mAM hai, aura nirAkAra brahma mere pitA / maiM kise choDUM, kise svIkAra karU~ ? tarAjU ke donoM palaDe barAbara bhArI haiM / "6 yahAM eka hI brahama meM avacchedaka bheda se sAkAratva aura nirAkAratva, pitRtva evaM mAtRtva do vizuddha dharmoM ko mAnA gayA hai / yaha spaSTa hI anekAnta __ aba hama AdhyAtmika jagata ke vartamAna mahAna cintaka zrI rAmakRSNa paramahaMsa ke kArya para dRSTi DAlate haiN| unake vicAroM para anekAnta kA kAphI prabhAva parilakSita hotA hai / Do. hRdayanArAyaNa mizra likhate haiM - "parama sattA saMbaMdhI apane vicAroM ke lie rAmakRSNa zaMkara ke advaita aura rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita donoM se prabhAvita jAna par3ate haiN|" "vAstava meM rAmakRSNa ne ina donoM vicAradhArAoM meM samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayatna kiyA / " . Upara batalAyA gayA hai ki rAmAnuja ke siddhAnta para anekAnta kA spaSTa prabhAva hai| zrI rAmakRSNa ne zaMkara ke sAtha rAmAnuja ke viziSTAdvaita ko bhI aMgIkAra kiyA hai / yaha do vibhinna matoM kA samAveza evaM samanvaya binA anekAnta ke prabhAva ke nahIM ho sakatA / pazcima ke suprasiddha cintaka zrI romAM rolAM ne zrI rAmakRSNa ke zabdoM ko udadhRta kiyA hai - "merI devI mAM nirapekSa se bhinna nahIM hai / vaha eka hI samaya meM eka

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94 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda aura aneka donoM haiM aura eka aura aneka donoM se pare haiM / " yahAM eka hI devI mAM meM eka hI samaya meM ekatva, anekatva tathA ina donoM se paratva batalAyA hai| yaha spaSTa anekAntavAda kI dizA hai| aba svAmI vivekAnanda ko leM / inake bhI cintana evaM vicAroM meM anekAnta kI samAnadharmI dhArA spaSTa rUpa se parilakSita hotI hai / DaoN. mizrA likhate haiM - "eka sacce vedAntI kI bhAMti vivekAnanda ne brahma aura jIva kI ekatA ko bhI svIkAra kiyA hai| ve mAnate haiM ki hamArI AtmA bhoktA va kartA ke rUpa meM brahma se tAdAtmya nahIM rakhatI, kintu sAra rUpa meM jIva brahma hI hai|" isa kathana meM svAmI vivekAnaMda ne apekSAbheda yA avacchedaka bheda se jIva ko brahma se bhinna evaM abhinna donoM batalAyA hai| sAmAnyatayA jIva evaM brahma eka haiM, lekina kartRtva evaM bhoktRtva kI apekSA se bhinna bhI haiM / yahAM spaSTa anekAnta kA prabhAva hai| .. zrI khIndranAtha Taigora ke vicAroM kA avalokana karie / zrI mIzrA. likhate haiM - "mAyA kI avadhAraNA zaMkara aura Taigora kucha bhinna prakAra se karate haiN| zaMkara kA kahanA thA ki mAyA na sat hai, aura na asat / Taigora kahate haiM ki mAyA hai aura nahIM bhI hai| yaha siddhAnta vallabha pratipAdita mAyA se adhika sAmya rakhatA hai| sasImatA aura anekatA kA anubhava hone ke kAraNa mAyA kA astitva mAnanA paDatA hai| ananta sattA kI akhaMDatA kA bodha ho jAne para mAyA vilIna ho jAtI hai / isalie kahA jAtA hai ki vaha nahIM hai / "10 uparyukta kathana meM zrI Taigora ne mAyA kA astitva evaM nAstitva donoM batalAyeM haiM aura unameM kAraNa haiM - apekSAbheda / yaha spaSTa anekAnta dRSTi se pratipAdita kiyA huA pratIta hotA hai| aba mahAtmA gAMdhI ke vicAroM ko lIjie / ve likhate haiM - "unake lie vaha eka hai aura aneka haiM / aNu se bhI chaTA aura himAlaya se bhI bar3A hai| vaha jala ke eka bindu meM samA sakatA hai aura sAta

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anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva samudra milakara usakI samAnatA nahIM kara sakateM haiM / 111 uparyukta kathana meM Izvara ko eka evaM aneka, choTA evaM bar3A batalAyA gayA hai| paraspara viruddha bhAsita hone vAle dharmoM ko apekSAbheda se eka hI Izvara meM nirUpita kiyA gayA hai / yaha spaSTa anekAnta kA cintana hai / 95 zrI dinakara gA~dhIjI ke vicAroM ke viSaya meM likhate haiM "anekAnta jaina darzanoM meM soyA huA thaa| bhAratavAsI jaise apane darzana kI anya bAteM bhUla cuke the, vaise hI anekAntavAda kA yaha durlabha siddhAnta bhI unakI A~kho se ojhala ho gayA thA / kintu navotthAna ke krama meM jaise hamAre aneka prAcIna satyoM ne dubAra janma liyA, vaise hI gA~dhIjI meM Akara anekAntavAda ne bhI navajIvana prApta kiyA / saMpUrNa satya kyA hai - ise jAnanA bar3A hI kaThina hai / tAttvika dRSTi se yahI kahA jA sakatA hai ki pratyeka satyAnveSI satya ke jisa pakSa ke darzana karatA hai, vaha usI kI bAteM bolatA hai, isIlie satya ke mArga para Aye hue vyakti kI sabase baDI pradhAnatA yaha hotI hai ki vaha durAgrahI nahIM hotA, na vaha yahI kahatA hai ki maiM jo kucha kaha rahA hU~ vahI satya hai / apane Upara eka prakAra kI zraddhA tathA yaha bhAva ki kadAcit pratipakSI kA mata ThIka ho, ye anekAntavAdI manuSya ke pramukha lakSaNa haiM / " aba hama zrI rAmadhArI siMha dinakara ke vicAroM ko dekheM / ve likhate haiM - "jaina darzana kevala zArIrika ahiMsA taka hI sImita nahIM hai, pratyuta vaha bauddhika ahiMsA ko bhI anavArya batAtA hai| yaha bauddhika ahiMsA hI jaina darzana kA anekAntavAda hai / 12 1 anekAntavAda kA dArzanika AdhAra yaha hai ki pratyeka vastu ananta guNa- paryAya aura dharmo kA arUpa piMDa hai| vastu ko hama jisa koNa se dekha rahe haiM, vastu utanI hI nahIM hai / usameM ananta dRSTikoNoM se dekhe jAne kI kSamatA / usakA virATa svarUpa ananta dharmAtmaka hai / hameM jo dRSTikoNa virodhI mAlUma hotA hai usa para ImAnadArI se vicAra kareM to usakA viSayabhUta dharma bhI vastu meM vidyamAna hai / citta se pakSapAta kI durabhisaMdhi nikAleM aura dUsare ke dRSTikoNa ke viSaya ko bhI sahiSNutApUrvaka khojeM, vaha bhI vahIM laharA rahA hai| isameM koI sandeha nahIM ki anekAnta kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA hI zIghra apanAyegA vizva meM zAnti bhI

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96 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogI / Adhunika vicAraka saMta vinobA bhAve anekAnta ke viSaya meM likhate "apanA satya to satya hai hI kintu dUsarA jo kahatA hai, vaha bhI satya hai| donoM satya milakara pUrNa satya hotA hai / yahI mahAvIra kA syAdvAda hai / 13 gAMdhIvAdI vicAraka kAkA kAlelakara likhate haiM - "mere pAsa jo 'samanvaya dRSTi' hai yaha maiM jainiyoM ke " anekAntavAda" se sIkhA hU~ / anekAntavAda ne mujhe bauddhika ahiMsA sikhAI, isake lie maiM jaina darzana kA RNI hU~ / "14 aba anta meM vAcaspati gairolA ke vicAra dekheM / ve likhate haiM - "pratyeka niSpakSa vicAraka ko lagegA ki syAdvAda ne darzana ke kSetra meM vijaya prAptakara aba vaijJAnika jagat meM vijaya pAne ke lie sApekSavAda ke rUpa meM janma liyA hai / 115 "syAdvAda kA jitanA saMbaMdha AdhyAtma se hai, utanA hI bhautika vastu se bhI // 16 "jainoM kA anekAntavAda kucha aisA gaDhA huA siddhAnta nahIM hai, jisameM jaina darzana kI vaiyaktika dRSTi kA AbhAsa milatA ho / vaha to lokadRSTi se jitanA upayogI hai vicAra kI dRSTi se bhI utanA hI upayogI hai / " 17 pUrva aura pAzcAtya darzanoM meM syAdvAda kA mUlya apUrva hai / syAdvAda sukha, zAnti aura sAmaMjasya kA pratIka hai| vicAra ke kSatra meM anekAnta, vANI ke kSetra meM syAdvAda aura AcaraNa ke kSetra meM ahiMsA ye saba bhinna-bhinna dRSTiyoM se lekara eka rUpa hI hai / jo doSa nityavAda meM hai, ve samasta doSa anityavAda meM usI prakAra se haiM artha-kriyA na nityavAda meM banatI hai, na anityavAda meM / ataH donoM vAda paraspara vidhvaMsaka hai / isI kAraNa syAdvAda kA sthAna sarvazreSTha hai / hiMsA, ahiMsA, satya, asatya Adi kA nirNaya isake dvArA saralatA se kiyA 1

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anekAntavAda kA Adhunika dArzanikoM para prabhAva jA sakatA hai / mAnava, AcaraNa ko zuddha kara, syAdvAda rUpa vANI, dvArA satya kI sthApanA karake, anekAMta rUpa, vastu-tattva prApta kara Atma-sAkSAtkAra kara sakatA hai, antaH catuSTya aura siddhAnta kI prApti saMbhava ho sakatI hai| pa. dalasukhabhAI mAlavaNiyA likhate haiM ki - "nissandeha saccA syAdvAdI sahiSNu hotA hai / vaha rAga-dveSa AtmA ke vikAroM para vijaya prApta karane kA satata prayAsa karatA hai; dUsare ke siddhAntoM ko Adara-dRSTi se dekhatA hai aura mAdhyastha-bhAva se sampUrNa virodhoM kA samanvaya karatA hai| pAdaTIpa 1. vyAkaraNamahAbhASya bhUmikA - (ma.ma.giridhara zarmA caturvedI pR. 27, caukhambA san 1954 / 2. vyAkaraNamahAbhASya 1/1/1, pR. 37 gItA 13/24/25 4. bhAratIya darzana / baladeva upA. / pR. 60/61/62 5. pazcimI darzana - Do. dIvAnacaMdra / pR. 180 vI.esa.naravaNe ke "mArDana iMDiyA thATa' kA hindI anuvAda, pR. 75 samakAlIna dArzanika cintana / Do. mizra / pR. 88 ! dvi.saMskaraNa / The life of Ramkrishna by Romain Rolland P.67. samakAlIna dArzanika cintana pR. 94 / samakAlIna darzanika ciMtana pR. 103 / 11. samakAlIna darzanika citana pR. 105 12. saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya pR. 135 13. amara bhAratI : jUna 1972 aMtima pRSTha / 14. jaina darzana - jagata samanvaya vizeSAMka 1972, pR. 211 / 15. bhAratIya darzana (gairolA pR. 120) 16. vahI, pR. 120 / 17. vahI, pR. 125 /

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upasaMhAra koI bhI viziSTa darzana ho yA dharma-pantha, usakI AdhArabhUta-usake mUla pravartaka puruSakI eka khAsa dRSTi hotI hai; jaise ki zaMkarAcArya kI apane mata nirUpaNa meM 'adveta dRSTi' aura bhagavAna buddha kI apane dharma-pantha pravartana meM 'madhyama pratipadA dRSTi' khAsa dRSTi hai / jainadarzana bhAratIya darzanoM meM eka viziSTa darzana hai aura sAtha hI eka viziSTa dharma-pantha bhI hai, isaliye usake pravartaka aura pracAraka mukhya puruSoM kI eka khAsa dRSTi unake mUla meM honI hI cAhie aura vaha hai bhI! yahI dRSTi anekAntavAda hai| anekAntavAda ke anusAra pratyeka vastu paraspara virodhI aneka guNadharmAtmaka vividhatAoM se yukta hotI hai| kisI eka dRSTikoNa se dekhane para hama kisI vastu ke viSaya meM apanA abhiprAya nahIM de sakate / kisI bhI viSaya kA nirNaya lene se pahale hameM use sabhI dRSTikoNoM se talAza kara lenA cAhiye / . ___ mahAvIra ke anekAntavAda kA yahI artha hai ki koI dRSTi pUrI nahIM hai, koI dRSTi virodhI nahIM hai, saba dRSTiyA~ sahayogI hai aura saba dRSTiyA~ kisI bar3e satya meM samAhita ho jAtI hai| arthAt eka hI vastu yA vicAra ko eka tarapha se na dekhakara use cAroM aura se dekha liyA jAya, phira kisI ko aitarAja bhI na rhegaa| isa dRSTikoNa ko hI mahAvIra ne anekAntavAda yA syAdvAda kahA / AinsTIna kA sApekSavAda aura bhagavAna buddha kA vibhajyavAda isI bhUmikA para khar3A hai| anekAntavAda ina donoM kA vyApaka yA vikasita rUpa hai| isa bhUmikA para hI Age calakara saguNa aura nirguNa ke vAda-vivAda ko, jJAna aura bhakti ke jhagaDe ko sulajhAyA / AcAra meM ahiMsA kI aura vicAra meM anekAnta kI pratiSThA kara mahAvIra ne apanI dRSTi ko vyApakatA pradAna kii| . ___anekAnta dRSTi yadi AdhyAtmika mArga meM saphala ho sakatI hai aura ahiMsA kA siddhAnta yadi AdhyAtmika kalyANa sAdhaka ho sakatA hai to yaha bhI mAnanA cAhiye ki ye donoM tattva vyAvahArika jIvana kA zreya avazya kara

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upasaMhAra 99 sakate hai; kyoMki jIvana vyAvahArika ho yA AdhyAtmika - para usakI zuddhi ke svarUpa meM bhinnatA ho hI nahIM sakatI aura hama yaha mAnate haiM ki jIvana kI zuddhi anekAnta dRSTi aura ahiMsA ke sivAya anya prakAra se ho hI nahIM sktii| isaliye hameM jIvana vyAvahArika yA AdhyAtmika kaisA hI pasaMda kyoM na ho para yadi use unnata banAnA iSTa hai to usa jIvana ke pratyeka kSetra meM anekAnta dRSTi ko tathA ahiMsA tattva ko prajJApUrvaka lAgU karanA hI cAhiye / Aja vizva meM, deza meM, samAja meM va sAhitya meM aise cintana kI AvazyakatA nahIM hai, jo hameM bhinna-bhinna karake bikhera de / Aja to sarvatra aise cintana evaM vicAroM kI AvazyakatA hai ki jo alaga vyaktioM ko joDa de, unameM ekatA kI dhArA pravAhita kara de / aura usameM samarasatA, samanvaya evaM sAmaMjasya sthApita kara de / isI prakAra ke cintana evaM vicAroM se vizva, deza, samAja evaM hama jIvita raha sakate haiN| jIvana meM aura usake vikAsa meM sabako paraspara sahayoga kI AvazyakatA hai / yaha saba kArya anekAnta ke dRSTikoNa se hI saMbhava hai / vibhinnatA meM ekatA, samarasatA, sahiSNutA, sAmaMjasya evaM samanvaya sthApita kara sakatA hai / Aja ke yuga meM to isakI bahuta AvazyakatA hai / Ajakala ke jagata kI sabase bar3I AvazyakatA yaha hai ki apaneapane paramparAgata vaiziSTaya ko rakhate hue bhI vibhinna manuSya jAtiyA~ eka dUsare ke samIpa AveM aura unameM eka vyApaka mAnavatA kI dRSTi kA vikAsa ho / anekAnta siddhAntamUlaka samanvaya kI dRSTi se hI yaha ho sakatA hai / Aja vizva meM AntarrASTriya kSitija meM vaicArika tanAva bahuta adhika hai| AMtarrASTrIya kSetra meM pradhAnatayA do vicAra dhArAe~ haiM - eka sAmyavAda aura dUsarA pUMjIvAda / vAstava meM sAmyavAda kI virodhI dhArA pU~jIvAda hai| pUMjIvAdI dezoM ne prajAtantra ko apanA rakhA hai| bahuta samaya se ina donoM prakAra ke rASTroM meM kAphI tanAva hai / kaI bAra saMgharSa ke avasara A cuke haiN| lekina donoM ke pAsa bhayaMkaratama saMhAra karane vAle astra evaM zastra hai| isaliye donoM hI saMgharSa se katarAte haiM aura yuddha se dUra rahakara sAmaMjasya evaM samanvaya sthApita karane kA prayatna karate haiM / bhayaMkaratama saMhAraka astra zastra vAle yuga meM sahaastitva, sahiSNutA aura vaicArika udAratA kI anivArya AvazyakatA hai / yahI donoM deza

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samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda 100 kara rahe haiM aura sahaastitva kA mArga DhU~Dhate jA rahe haiM / aise samaya meM anekAnta kI AvazyakatA sarvopari hai / vizva meM vizva zAnti kAyama rakhanA hai to anekAnta se hI yaha raha sakatI hai / isI prakAra samAja meM aura hamAre deza meM bhI anekAnta kI vicAra dhArA evaM anekAntika dRSTikoNa kI adhika AvazyakatA hai / samAja meM aura hamAre deza meM vibhinna dharma, vibhinna jAti, vibhinna bhASA ke loga rahate haiM / yadi una vibhinnatAoM meM ekatA kA sUtra na rahe to samAja meM aura deza meM zAnti kAyama rahanA kaThinatama ho jAtA hai / yaha ekatA kA sUtra kAyama rakhanA anekAnta dRSTi se hI ho sakatA hai / vibhinnatA meM ekatA rakhanA anekAnta kA hI kArya hai / isa ekatA ke bala para hI deza vikasita hotA hai / bhArata meM Aja taka pArasparika saMgharSa hue haiM, unameM dhArmikatA kI aMdhazraddhA adhika preraka rahI hai| yadi isa kSetra meM bhI anekAMta kI bhAvanA A jAya to bhaviSya meM kabhI bhI isa prakAra ke saMgharSa hone kI naubata na A ske| anekAnta kevala dArzanika cintana evaM kathana kI praNAlI hI nahIM hai, apitu pratidina jIvana vyavahAra meM bhI hama anekAnta kA prAyogika rUpa dekha sakate haiM / anekAnta vAda svastha cintana kI prakriyA ke sAtha-sAtha svastha AcAra kI bhI prAthamika bhUmikA hai / " jaina darzana kI vizva ko baDI bhArI dena ahiMsAvAda hai, jo ki vAstava meM dArzanika bhitti para sthApita anekAntavAda kA hI naitika zAstra kI dRSTi se anuvAda kA jA sakatA hai| dhArmika dRSTi se yadi ahiMsAvAda ko hI sarva prathama sthAna denA Avazyaka ho to hama anekAntavAda ko hI usakA dArzanika dRSTi se anuvAda kaha sakate haiM / vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA yA asahiSNutA IrSyA-dveSa kI jananI hai / isa asahiSNutA ko hama kisI aMdhakAra se kama nahIM smjhte| Aja jo vizva meM azAMti hai, usakA mukhya kAraNa yahI vicAroM kI saMkIrNatA hai / isa saMkIrNatA ko anekAntavAda miTAtA hai / samanvaya kA dRSTikoNa Aja jagat ke vyavahAra meM anivArya bana gayA

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upasaMhAra 101 hai / eka deza dUsare deza se, eka vAda dUsare vAda se, eka nIti dUsarI nIti se, eka manuSya dUsare manuSya se ekadama bhinna nahIM hai / yahI bhinnatA kI vRtti saMgharSa kA mUla hai / apitu kisI dRSTi se abhinna bhI hai| vizva meM koI do padArtha, do vAda, do vyakti, do samudAya ekAntika rUpa se ekadama bhinna nahIM ho sakate / unakI bhinnatA meM bhI koI AdhArabhUta abhinnatA avazya rahatI hai| isI sanAtana satya kA prayogAtmaka rUpa AMtarrASTrIya kSitija para saMyukta rASTra saMgha ke rUpa meM AyA / hirozimA aura nAgAsAkI para aNubama ke visphoTa ke bAda dvitIya vizvayuddha samApta huaa| tRtIya vizvayuddha kI pralayakArI vibhISikAoM ko socate huye vizva ke samasta rASTroM ne milakara saMyukta rASTra saMgha kI sthApanA kii| AMtarrASTrIya kSetra meM yaha mahattvapUrNa avasara thA, jaba pU~jIvAdI aura sAmyavAdI jaisI virodhI vicAradhArAoM ke rASTroM ne ekasAtha baiThane kA tathA vizva sAhacarya ke vikAsa kA eka samAna dharAtala cunaa| ugra matabhedoM meM bhI kriyAtmaka sAmya kA yaha eka advitIya saMgaThana hai, usakI prabhAvazIlatA kA mUlyAMkana to isa bAta se hI ho jAtA hai ki vizva kA pratyeka rASTra usakA sadasya bane rahane meM hI apanA gaurava evaM surakSitatA samajhAtA hai| yahIM baiThakara sabhI rASTra apane vicAra bhedoM meM samanvaya kA mArga DhUMDhane kA prayatna karate haiM / bhArata ke bhUtapUrva pradhAnamaMtrI sva. paM. javAharalAla naheru ne ahiMsA evaM anekAnta ko apanI niti meM sadA mahatvapUrNa sthAna diyA hai| unakA 'paMcazIla' siddhAnta kA nirmANa isa dizA meM mahatvapUrNa aitihAsika upalabdhi hai| anekAnta kI chAyA meM vikasita saha-astitva kA siddhAnta vizva zAnti kA sabase sugama upAya evaM zreSTha patha mAnA jA rahA hai| isako apanAye binA vizva zAnti asaMbhava hai| saha-astitva kA prayojaka, vibhinna vibhinna vicAradhArAoM meM bhI ekatA lAne vAlA, vibhinna vibhinnatAoM meM samarasatA utpanna karane vAlA anekAnta siddhAnta vizva zAnti ke liye anivArya hai| bhAratIya saMskRti ke vizeSajJa manISI DaoN. rAmadhArIsiMha dinakara kA spaSTa abhimata hai ki "syAdavAda kA anusaMdhAna bhArata kI ahiMsA-sAdhanA kA carama utkarSa hai aura sArA saMsAra ise jitanA zIghra apanAegA vizva meM zAnti utanI hI zIghra sthApita hogii| .

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102 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda Adhunika vicAraka saMta binobA bhAve anekAnta ke viSaya meM likhate "apanA satya to satya hai hI kintu dUsarA jo kahatA hai, vaha bhI satya haiN| donoM satya milakara pUrNa satya hotA hai / yahI mahAvIra kA syAdvAda hai|" gAMdhIvAdI vicAraka kAkA kAlelakara likhate haiM - "mere pAsa jo samanvaya dRSTi hai yaha maiM jainiyoM ke 'anekAntavAda' se sIkhA huuN| anekAntavAda ne mujhe baiddhika ahiMsA sikhAI, isake liye maiM jaina darzana kA RNI huuN|"

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saMdarbha sUci aSTa sahastrI adhyAtmasAra anekAntavAda : eka parizIlana - vijayamunizAstrI anekAnta hai tIsarA netra : muni mahAprajJajI anekAnta aura syAdvAda : udayacandrajI saMdarbha sUci anekAnta syAdvAda aura saptabhaMgI eka cintana : sAgaramala jaina anekAntavAda-1 da- eka samIkSAtmaka adhyayana : rAjendralAla DosI - yazovijayajI anekAnta vyavasthA anekAnta jayapatAkA : eca. Ara. kApaDiyA abhidhAna rAjendrakoza bhAga - 8, rAjendrasUri amara bhAratIya zramaNa saMskRti vizeSAMka - lekha 'anekAnta kI prAcInatA' Agama yuga kA jaina darzana : dalasukha mAlavaNiyA Atma mImAMsA - samantabhadra AcArAMgasUtra inDiyana philAsaphI izopaniSada dIghanikAya cArvAka darzana chAndogya upaniSada jaina darzana : mahendrakumAra jaina darzana : mohanalAla mahetA jainadarzana manana aura mImAMsA - muni nathamalajI tattvArthasUtra : umAsvAti darzana aura ciMtana - paM. sukhalAlajI siMghavI anAMgasUtra nyAyavatAra vArtikavRti - dalasukha mAlavaNiyA nyAya khaNDana khAdya puruSArtha siddhayupAya - amRtacandrasUri 103

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104 samanvaya, zAnti aura samatvayoga kA AdhAra anekAntavAda paMcAstikAya - amRtacandrasUri kI TIkA pramANanaya tattvAloka - vAdidevasUri pazcimI darzana : dIvAnacanda pAzcAtya darzana kA Adhunika yuga pArzvanAtha ke caturyAma - dharmAnanda kauzAMbI brahmasUtra zAMkara bhASya brahmasUtra nibArka bhASya bauddhadarzana : zarbetsakAya bhagavatIsUtra bhagavata gItA bhAratIya darzana - rAdhAkRSNana bhAratIya saMskRti meM jaina darzana kA yogadAna : hIrAlAla bhAratIya cintana paramparA : dAmodara bhAratIya darzana : gerola bhAratIya darzanoM kA samanvaya - DaoN. AdityanAtha jhA mAdhyamika vRtti majjhimanikAya ratnAkarAvatArikA vedika iMDeksa zramaNa saMskRti kA vikAsa evaM vistAra - DaoN. puSyamitra zAstravArtA samuccaya - haribhadra zivamahimA strota SaDdarzana samuccaya - haribhadra SaDdarzana samuccaya - guNaratnasUri TIkA SaDdarzana samuccaya - mAlavaNiyA sanmati tarka sUtrakRtAMga saptabhaMgItaraMgiNI : vimaladAsa samayasAra syAdvAdamaMjarI : jagadIzacandra zAstrI

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saMdarbha sUci syAdvAda syAdvAda bhagavata pravacananaya syAdvAda : mahAvIrasiMha mUrDiyA saMskRti ke cAra adhyAya - dinakara samadarzI AcArya haribhadra - paM. sukhalAlajI siMghavI samavAyAMgasUtra Conversation of Gandhiji : C. P. Shukla Dialogues of Plato

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Dr. Pritam Singhve has been researching in Jainology. She is auther of several works like 'Hindi Jain Sahitya mein Krishna Ka Svarup-vikas.' 'Samatvayog: Ek Samanvay Dristi' 'Anekanta-vada as the basis of Equanimity, Tranquality and Synthesis of Opposite-Viewpoits'. 'Anupeha, 'Sadayvatsacarita' of Harsavardhanagani and Anamda.

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Parsva International Series 1. bArahakkhara-kakka of mahAcaMdra muni 1997 Ed. H. C. Bhayani, Pritam Singhvi . 2. gAthAmaMjarI Ed. H. C. Bhayani 1998 3. dohANupehA Pritam Singhvi 1998 anekAntavAda : Pritam Singhvi sadayavatsa-kathAnaka of Harsavardhanagani 1999 Ed. Pritam Singhvi ANaMdA of AnaMdatilaka 1999 Ed. H. C. Bhayani, Pritam Singhvi. dohApAhuDa 1999 Ed. H. C. Bhayani, R. M. Shah, Pritam Singhvi 7.