Jain Dharm me Aachar Shastriya Siddhant Part 03

Author(s): Kamalchand Sogani, Shakuntala Jain
Publisher: Jain Vidya Samsthan
Catalog link: https://jainqq.org/explore/004208/1

Page #1
jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (Ethical Doctrines in Jainism) (khaNDa-3) lekhaka va saMpAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI anuvAdaka zrImatI zakuntalA jaina samAjAnIjAnI jainavidhA zrImahAvIra jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna Jal Education temalonal For personalePrivaleuse only

Page #2
jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta ( khaNDa - 3 ) Hindi Translation of the English book 'Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' by Dr. Kamal Chand Sogani (General Editors: Dr. A. N. Upadhye and Dr. H. L. Jain) lekhaka va saMpAdaka DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI pUrva prophesara darzana zAstra, ema. ela. sukhAMr3iyA vizvavidyAlaya, udayapura nidezaka jaina vidyA saMsthAna - apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI anuvAdaka zrImatI zakuntalA jaina sahAyaka nidezaka jainavidyA saMsthAna jAjjIbI jIbI jainavidyA saMsthAna zrI mahAvIrajI prakAzaka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI rAjasthAna For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #3
prakAzaka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI zrI mahAvIrajI - 322 220 (rAjasthAna) dUrabhASa - 7469-224323 prApti-sthAna 1. jainavidyA saMsthAna, zrI mahAvIrajI 2. sAhitya vikraya kendra digambara jaina nasiyA~ bhaTTArakajI savAI rAmasiMha roDa, jayapura - 302 004 dUrabhASa - 0141-2385247 prathama saMskaraNa 2011 sarvAdhikAra prakAzakAdhIna mUlya 350/ISBN No. 81-88677-08-6 (khaNDa-3) pRSTha saMyojana phreNDsa kampyUTarsa, 3939, motIsiMha bhaumiyoM kA rAstA, pahalA caurAhA jauharI bAjAra, jayapura - 302004 dUrabhASa - 0141-2562288, mo. 9828112284 mudraka jayapura priNTarsa prA. li. ema.AI. roDa, jayapura - 302 001 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #4
samarpaNa sva. mAsTara motIlAla saMghI (saMsthApaka zrI sanmati pustakAlaya, jayapura 1920) sva. paM.cainasukhadAsa nyAyatIrtha (prAcArya, digambara jaina AcArya saMskRta mahAvidyAlaya, jayapura) sva. DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye sva. DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina sva. zrImatI kamalA devI TholiyA/sogANI (dharmapatnI-DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #5

Page #6
6. bAdhA ke rUpa meM avidyA ( 12 - 14 ), jAgrata aura supta AtmAe~ (14-18), AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie guru kI AvazyakatA ( 18 - 19 ), AdhyAtmika jIvana ke preraka (19-22), zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra kA mahattva ( 23-27), cAritra kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa- pApoM aura kaSAyoM kA parivarjana ( 27-29), cAritra kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa - indriya aura mana kA saMyama ( 29-32), cAritra kA sakArAtmaka pakSa- sadguNoM kA vikAsa (32-36), cAritra kA sakArAtmaka pakSa - dhyAna ( 36-37), cAritra kA sakArAtmaka pakSa - bhakti ( 37-38 ), yoga yA dhyAna kA zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika prabhAva aura prasAda kA tattva (39-40), pUrNatA prApta rahasyavAdI kI vizeSatAe~ (40-45 ), vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa kI dhAraNA ( 45-48 ), vibhinna darzanoM meM avidyA kI dhAraNA ( 48-50 ), mokSaprApti ke sAdhana ( 50-52 ), yoga kA aSTAMga mArga ( 52-57), buddha ke cAra Aryasatya (57-62) / jaina aura pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM ke prakAra 63-75 pUrva adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (63), AcArazAstrIya cintana kA pazcima meM prAraMbha ( 64 ) , samasyA aura cintana dRSTi ( 64 ), AcArazAstrIya Adarza kI samasyAsophisTa (64-66), sukarAta ( 66-67 ), sukarAta ke paMtha ( 67-68 ), plaTo aura arastu ( 68-70 ), bainthama (VI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #7
aura mila (70-71), kAnTa (71-72), sadguNasophisTa, sukarAta, pleTo aura arastu (72-73), sadguNoM kA vargIkaraNa - (1) vyaktigata guNa, (2) sAmAjika guNa, (3) AdhyAtmika guNa (73-75) / jaina AcAra aura vartamAna samasyAe~ 76-84 vyakti aura samAja (76-78), rAjya kI dhAraNA aura usake kArya (78-79), rAjya ke sadguNa (80-84) / sArAMza . 85-94 sandarbha-grantha-sUcI 95-99 10. 1. khaNDa - 1 (prakAzita) jaina AcAra kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi : jaina AcAra kA tAttvika AdhAra ___ samyagdarzana aura sAta tattva . gRhastha kA AcAra 5. . 6. khaNDa - 2 (prakAzita) muni kA AcAra jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva (VII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #8

Page #9
prakAzakIya - jainadharma evaM darzana ke adhyetAoM ke lie DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI dvArA likhita pustaka 'Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' ke hindI-anuvAda 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' kA prakAzana karate hue atyanta harSa kA anubhava ho rahA hai| . digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI kI prabandhakAriNI kameTI dvArA san 1982 meM 'jainavidyA saMsthAna' kI sthApanA kI gyii| yaha saMsthAna san 1947 meM sthApita 'sAhitya zodha saMsthAna' kA vikasita rUpa hai| usa samaya isakI sthApanA meM sva. paNDita cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha, jayapura kI preraNA va tatkAlIna maMtrI zrI rAmacandrajI khindUkA kA prayAsa rahA hai| - jainavidyA saMsthAna jainadharma-darzana evaM saMskRti kI bahuAyAmI dRSTi ko sAmAnyajana evaM vidvAnoM ke samakSa prastuta karane ke lie satata prayatnazIla hai| isa uddezya kI pUrti ke upakrama meM saMsthAna dvArA aneka mahattvapUrNa pustakoM kA prakAzana kiyA gyaa| udAharaNArtha- jaina purANakoza', 'AdipurANa' (sacitra), bhaktAmara' (sacitra), 'parama puruSArtha ahiMsA', 'pravacana prakAza', 'solahakAraNa bhAvanA-viveka', 'arhata pravacana', 'jaina bhajana saurabha', 'dyAnata bhajana saurabha', 'daulata bhajana For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #10
saurabha', 'budhajana bhajana saurabha', 'bhUdhara bhajana saurabha', 'bhAgacanda bhajana saurabha', 'jaina nyAya kI bhUmikA', 'nyAya dIpikA', 'nyAya-mandira', 'dravyasaMgraha', 'AcArya kundakunda : dravyavicAra', 'samayasAra', syAdvAda : eka anuzIlana' Adi kA prakAzana kiyA jA cukA hai jinameM jainadharmadarzana ke siddhAntoM, usake sAMskRtika mUlyoM ko sarala sahaja rUpa meM prastuta kiyA gayA hai| usI krama meM 'jainavidyA saMsthAna' dvArA 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' kA prakAzana kiyA jA rahA hai| saMsthAna se zodha-patrikA ke rUpa meM 'jainavidyA' kA prakAzana kiyA jAtA hai| vartamAna meM saMsthAna ke mAdhyama se jainadharma-darzana evaM saMskRti kA adhyApana patrAcAra ke mAdhyama se kiyA jA rahA hai jisakA lAbha deza ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM rahanevAle loga uThA rahe haiN| 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' meM dasa adhyAya haiM jinameM jaina AcAra ke vibhinna AyAmoM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| hamArA vizvAsa hai ki yaha pustaka sAmAnyajana evaM vidvAnoM ke lie AdhArabhUta pustaka ke rUpa meM upayogI hogI aura jainadharma-darzana ke adhyayanArthiyoM ke lie vibhinna vizvavidyAlayoM meM pAThyakrama ke rUpa meM calAyI jA skegii| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI jo deza-videza ke khyAtilabdha vidvAna haiM aura digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI kI prabandhakAriNI kameTI ke sadasya haiM, unhoMne apane dvArA likhita aMgrejI pustaka ke hindI anuvAda kA svayaM hI sampAdana karake anuvAda ko prAmANika banA diyA hai| isake lie hama apanI gauravapUrNa prasannatA vyakta karate haiN| DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina, adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI ne jainadharma-darzana ke (X) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #11
vibhinna AyAmoM ko ujAgara karane vAlI isa cirapratIkSita pustaka kA prAkkathana likhakara jo garimA pradAna kI hai usake lie hama unake AbhArI haiN| jainavidyA saMsthAna - apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI meM kAryarata zrImatI zakuntalA jaina ne hindI anuvAda karake hindI-jagata ke svAdhyAyiyoM aura jaina AcAra ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie yaha pustaka upalabdha karavAyI, isake lie ve dhanyavAda kI pAtra haiN| prastuta pustaka ke dasa adhyAyoM meM se cAra adhyAya khaNDa-1 ke rUpa meM tathA pA~cavA~ aura chaThA adhyAya khaNDa-2 ke rUpa meM prakAzita kie jA cuke haiN| aba sAtavA~, AThavA~, navA~ tathA dasavA~ adhyAya khaNDa-3 meM prakAzita kiye jA rahe haiN| pustaka prakAzana meM saMsthAna ke sahayogI kAryakarttA evaM mudraNa ke lie jayapura prinTarsa prAiveTa limiTeDa, jayapura dhanyavAdArha haiN| prakAzacandra jaina maMtrI - nagendrakumAra jaina adhyakSa 15.03.2011 prabandhakAriNI kameTI digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (XI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #12
jaina AcAra kA anya AcAra ke sAtha tulanAtmaka adhyayana karanA bhI eka atyanta rocaka viSaya hai| AcArya siddhasena likhate haiM ki prAkkathana " sunizcitaM naH parataMtrayuktiSu sphuranti yAH kAzcana sUktasaMpadaH / tavaiva tAH pUrvamahArNavotthitAH jagatpramANaM jinavAkyavipruSaH / / "" 1 artha- he RSabhadeva ! merA yaha dRr3ha nizcaya hai ki anya darzanoM meM bhI jo koI ucita bAteM (sUktasaMpadA) haiM ve Apake hI mahAsAgara se uchalakara gaI huI haiM, ataH vAstava meM kevala Apake hI vAkya vidvAnoM ke lie pramANa haiN| jainadarzana ke udbhaTa vidvAna DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI kI kRti 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' kA yaha tIsarA khaNDa mukhya rUpa se jaina evaM jainetara AcArazAstra ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana hetu hI samarpita hai| isameM jaina AcArazAstra kA upaniSad, gItA, bauddha evaM pAzcAtya darzanoM ke AcArazAstra ke sAtha sAmya-vaiSamya dekhane kA zodhapUrNa prayAsa kiyA gayA hai| Azcarya hotA hai ki una sabake bIca bhArI samAnatA dRSTigocara hotI hai| vizeSa rUpa se upaniSadoM kA 1. siddhasena dvAtriMzikA, 1/30 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #13
pratipAdana to jainAcArazAstra se lagabhaga pUrA kA pUrA hI milatA-julatA pratIta hotA hai| isase sabhI ke mUla srota kA ekatva siddha hotA hai| 'jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' ke isa tRtIya khaNDa meM jainAcAra ko vartamAna samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM bhI dekhane kI rocaka evaM prAsaMgika ceSTA kI gaI hai| vAstava meM hI jainAcAra ke antargata rASTra kI hI nahIM, apitu samUce vizva kI sarva samasyAoM ke sazakta samAdhAna chupe huye haiN| bhArata ke pUrva rASTrapati jJAnI jailasiMha to yahA~ taka kahate the ki yadi sabhI loga jainAcAra kA pAlana kareM to eka bhI pulisa-caukI kI AvazyakatA na pdd'e| isa prakAra isa kRti kA yaha tIsarA khaNDa bhI pUrvavartI do khaNDoM kI bhA~ti bar3A hI upayogI bana gayA hai| pratipAdana-zailI isakI bhI aisI hI hai ki pAThaka anta taka isase ba~dhA rahatA hai| isa prakAra aba isa kRti kA prakAzana-kArya pUrNatA ko prApta hotA hai| kRti kI anuvAdikA zrImatI zakuntalA jaina tathA prakAzaka, jainavidyA saMsthAna, digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI koTizaH dhanyavAdAha haiM ki unhoMne jaina AcArazAstra ko samajhane ke lie atyanta upayogI isa kRti ko hindI pAThakoM ko upalabdha karAyA, anyathA yaha mahAna kArya zAyada hI kabhI ho paataa| - vIrasAgara jaina (XIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #14
(XIV) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #15
sampAdakIya rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA san 1961 meM pIeca. DI. kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta zodha prabandha Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' pustaka rUpa meM san 1967 meM DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye aura DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina kI dekha-rekha meM jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA, solApura se prakAzita huaa| isakA dUsarA saMskaraNa san 2001 meM prakAzita hai| ___ yaha pustaka videzoM meM, pUrvI va dakSiNI bhArata meM adhyayanArtha atyadhika rUpa se prayoga meM aaii| lagabhaga 43 varSa taka aMgrejI jagata ke adhyayanArthiyoM ne isakA bharapUra upayoga kiyaa| DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye likhate haiM- "The Dharmamrta of Asadhara (1240A.D.) is perhaps a fine attempt to propound the twofold discipline in one unit. The Jaina literature abounds in treatises dealing with the life of a monk, and for a handy survey of which one can consult the History of Jaina Monachism by S. B. Deo (Deccan College, Poona 1956). * A Critical and historical study of the discipline prescribed for a householder is found in that excellent monograph, the Jaina Yoga by R. Williams (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1963). In the present volume (1967) Dr. K. C. Sogani has attempted an admirable survey of the entire range of the For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #16
ethical doctrines in jainism . He has given us an exhaustive study of the ethical doctrines in jainism, presenting his details is an authentic manner." arthAt AzAdhara kA dharmAmRta (1240 IsvI) do prakAra ke AcAra-dharma ko eka ikAI meM prastuta karane kA saMbhavataH sundara prayAsa hai| jaina sAhitya meM sAdhu ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita zodha-prabandha pracura mAtrA meM haiN| saMkSipta sarvekSaNa ke lie koI bhI vyakti S. B. Deo dvArA likhita 'History of Jaina Monachism' (Deccan College, Poona 1956) kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| . gRhasthoM ke lie pratipAdita AcAra-dharma kA AlocanAtmaka aura aitihAsika adhyayana Ara. viliyamsa dvArA likhita jaina yoga (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1963) nAmaka uttama nibandha meM prApta hotA hai| prastuta kRti (1967) meM DaoN. ke. sI. sogANI ne jainadharma ke AcAra-sambandhI siddhAntoM ke sampUrNa AyAmoM kA utkRSTa sarvekSaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| unhoMne jainadharma ke AcAra-sambandhI siddhAntoM ko prAmANika rIti se pradarzita karate hue unakA sarvAGgapUrNa adhyayana hameM pradAna kiyaa|" 12 aprela san 1971 ko pro. dalasukha mAlavaNiyA ne likhA"Apake dvArA bhejI gayI 'Ethical Doctrines in Jainism' milii| kheda hai itanI acchI pustaka maiM aba taka nahIM dekha skaa| ApakI yaha pustaka jaina AcAra viSaya ko lekara antara aura bAhya sabhI pahaluoM kI carcA se saMpanna hai| Apane muni aura gRhastha ke AcAroM kA nirUpaNa to kiyA hI hai, kintu jaina tattvajJAna ke sAtha usakA kyA saMbaMdha haiusakA bhI sundara vivecana kiyA hai| itanA hI nahIM kintu bhUmikA rUpa meM vaidika paramparA ke AcAra ke prakAza meM jaina AcAra ko dekhane kA jo (XVI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #17
prayatna hai, vaha ApakI painI dRSTi kA paricAyaka hai| sAtha hI misTIsijhma aura bhaktivAda kA jaina AcAra ke sAtha kisa prakAra mela hai tathA pAzcAtya dezoM meM jo AcAra-saMbaMdhI vicAraNA huI hai usake sandarbha meM bhI Apane jaina AcAra ko dekhA hai vaha ApakI apanI sUjha hai aura vaha Apa tattvajJAna ke vidyArthI hone se acchI taraha kara sake haiM- isameM sandeha nahIM hai|" isa pustaka ke hindI-anuvAda kI carcA kAphI samaya se cala rahI thii| jainavidyA saMsthAna-apabhraMza sAhitya akAdamI kI kAryakartA zrImatI zakuntalA jaina ne isake hindI-anuvAda karane kI icchA prakaTa kii| pichale 19 varSoM se ve saMsthAna-akAdamI meM kAryarata haiN| prAkRta aura apabhraMza kI unakI yogyatA sarAhanIya hai| unakI utkaTa icchA ko dekhakara maiMne unako isa pustaka kA hindI anuvAda karane kI anumati pradAna kara dI aura usakA sampAdana karanA maiMne svIkAra kiyaa| hamAre sAgraha nivedana para pro. (DaoN.) vIrasAgara jaina, adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI ne isake prAkkathana likhane kI svIkRti pradAna karane kI kRpA kii| isake lie hama unake atyanta AbhArI haiN| - isa pustaka ko tIna khaNDoM meM prakAzita karane kA nirNaya liyA gyaa| prathama cAra adhyAya (1) jaina AcAra kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi (2) jaina AcAra kA tAttvika AdhAra (3) samyagdarzana aura sAta tattva (4) gRhastha kA AcAra - ye eka khaNDa meM rakhe gaye haiN| anya do adhyAya (5) muni kA AcAra (6) jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva- ye dvitIya khaNDa meM rakhe gaye haiN| (7) jaina aura jainetara bhAratIya AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (8) jaina aura pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya (XVII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #18
siddhAntoM ke prakAra (9) jaina AcAra aura vartamAna samasyAe~ (10) sArAMza - ye tRtIya khaNDa meM rakhe gaye haiN| prathama khaNDa kI kucha mahattvapUrNa bAteM isa prakAra haiM prathama, jainadharma apane udgama ke lie RSabhadeva kA RNI hai jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama haiN| IsA pUrva prathama zatAbdI meM aise vyakti the jo prathama tIrthaMkara RSabhadeva kI pUjA karate the| niHsandeha jainadharma mahAvIra yA pArzvanAtha ke pahale bhI pracalita thaa| jaina AcAra apane udbhava meM mAgadhIya hai| dvitIya,sampUrNa jaina AcAra vyavahAra meM ahiMsA kI ora unmukha hai| gRhastha ke AcAra kA varNana karane ke lie vyApaka paddhati haigRhasthAcAra ko pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana meM vibhAjita krnaa| sallekhanA kI prakriyA kA AtmaghAta se bheda kiyA jAnA caahie| sallekhanA usa samaya grahaNa kI jAtI hai jaba ki zarIra vyakti kI AdhyAtmika AvazyakatAoM ko pUrNa karane meM asaphala ho jAtA hai aura jaba mRtyu kA Agamana nirvivAda rUpa se nizcita ho jAtA hai, kintu AtmaghAta bhAvAtmaka azAnti ke kAraNa jIvana meM kisI bhI samaya kiyA jA sakatA hai| tRtIya, jaina tattvamImAMsA jaina AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta ke pratipAdana kA AdhAra hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta tAttvika dRSTi anekAntavAda yA anirapekSavAda ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| jainadarzana kI dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki darzana meM nirapekSavAda naitika cintana kA vinAzaka hai, kyoMki nirapekSavAda sadaiva cintana kI prAganubhavika pravRtti para AdhArita hotA hai jo anubhava se bahuta dUra hai| ahiMsA kI (XVIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #19
dhAraNA jo jaina AcAra ke kSetra se saMbaMdhita hai, padArthoM ke tAttvika svabhAva kA tArkika pariNAma hai| caturtha, jainadharma kevala AcAra aura tattvamImAMsA hI nahIM hai balki adhyAtmavAda bhI hai| yaha isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki jaina AcAryoM dvArA nirantara samyagdarzana (AdhyAtmika jAgrati) kI vAstavika upalabdhi para jora diyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kI pRSThabhUmi ke binA sampUrNa jaina AcAra cAhe gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA, pUrNatayA nirjIva hai| dvitIya khaNDa kI mahattvapUrNa bAteM isa prakAra haiM munidharma kriyA-jagata se nahIM balki hiMsA-jagata se pIche haTanA hai| vAstava meM kriyA tyAgI nahIM. jAtI hai lekina kriyA kA lokAtIta svarUpa sAMsArika svarUpa kA sthAna le letA hai| munidharma kA AcaraNa jo samyagdarzana sahita zubha bhAvoM se sambandhita hotA hai manda kaSAya ke rUpa meM AdhyAtmika bAdhAoM kI upasthiti ke kAraNa ahiMsA kI pUrNa anubhUti ko roka detA hai| niHsandeha muni jIvana isa anubhUti ke lie pUrNa bhUmikA pradAna karatA hai lekina isakA sampUrNa anubhava kevala rahasyAtmaka anubhUti kI paripUrNatA meM hI saMbhava hotA hai| __ jainadharma meM 'rahasyavAda' kA samAnArthaka zabda 'zuddhopayoga' hai| kundakunda ke anusAra bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai arthAt bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA paramAtmA kI parA-naitika avasthA ko prApta karanA rahasyavAda hai| yadi rahasyavAdI kI paddhati anubhava aura antarjJAna hai to tattvamImAsaMka kI paddhati kevala vicAraNA hai| rahasyavAdI mArga ko nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata rakhA gayA hai, udAharaNArtha(1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla (2) AtmajAgrati aura (XIX) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #20
usase patana (3) zuddhIkaraNa (4) jyotipUrNa avasthA (5) jyoti ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kAla aura (6) lokAtIta jiivn| tRtIya khaNDa kI mahattvapUrNa bAteM isa prakAra haiM prathama, preya mArga aura zreya mArga meM bheda karane ke pazcAt vivekI zreya mArga ko cunatA hai jisake kAraNa jIvana kA vAstavika uddezya prApta kiyA jAtA hai| yaha zreya mArga manuSya ko kSaNabhaMgura sAMsArika vastuoM se aura duHkhoM se mukta kara detA hai| parA vidyA yA aparA vidyA ke sandarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki zuddhanaya (nizcayanaya) antardRSTyAtmaka anubhava hai jo parA vidyA ke anurUpa hai aura vyavahAranaya bauddhika jJAna hai jo aparA vidyA ke anurUpa hai| karmayogI sakriyatA ke jIvana meM karmoM ko anAsakti bhAva se sampanna karatA hai| niSkAma karma AdhyAtmika rUpa se prakAzita jIvana kA svAbhAvika pariNAma hai| tIrthaMkara jIvana meM sakriyatA ke udAharaNa hai| ve sabhI karmoM ko anAsakta bhAva se karate haiN| supta-AtmA indriyoM ke dvArA bAhya padArthoM meM saMlagna rahatA hai kintu jAgrata-AtmA indriyoM ko andara kI ora mor3atA hai aura AtmA ko dekhatA hai| zuddha anta:karaNa vAlA vyakti dhyAna se hI paramAtmA kA anubhava kara pAtA hai| naitika anuzAsana aura tapoM kA pAlana karate hue tathA AgamoM kA vistRta adhyayana hote hue bhI AdhyAtmika jIvana meM saphalatA dhyAna ke binA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI hai| dvitIya, pazcima meM sophisTa AcArazAstrIya vijJAna ke janaka kahe jA sakate haiN| sophisTika Andolana ne manuSya ke vicAroM ko jagAyA aura darzana, dharma Adi ko cunautI dI aura buddhi ko inake lie mahattvapUrNa maanaa| sukarAta ke anusAra jJAna uccatama zubha hai kintu kaSAyoM (XX) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #21
ke astitva ko bhulAyA nahIM jA sakatA hai| pleTo aura arastu ne vAsanAtmaka bhAgoM kA bauddhika jIvana se sAmaMjasya sthApita karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| bainthama aura mila upayogitAvAda ke pravartaka haiN| jaina AcAra adhikatama logoM ke adhikatama sukha ke sthAna para sabhI logoM ke adhikatama sukha ko svIkAra karatA hai| kAnTa ke anusAra uccatama zubha aise naitika niyama ke sammAna meM kArya karanA hai jo nirapekSa rUpa se binA paristhiti, pariNAma aura bhAvAtmaka rUpa ke Adezita hai| jaina AcAra ke anusAra ahiMsA kA mApadaNDa sadguNoM ke nirNaya ke lie pratipAdita hai| tRtIya, vyakti aura samAja eka dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| vyakti samAja ko gar3hatA hai aura samAja ke dvArA gar3hA jAtA hai| isa taraha vyakti samAja para nirbhara hotA hai, kintu vaha zanaiH-zanaiH samAja se svataMtra ho jAtA hai, nirbharatA tyAga detA hai| rAjya eka Avazyaka burAI hai| rAjya ko cAhie ki vaha apane kAryoM kI vyavasthA isa prakAra kare ki jisase vaha pUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA ke vikAsa meM sahayogI bana ske| rASTriya aura antarrASTriya kriyAkalApoM ko ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke siddhAnta para AdhArita honA caahie| jAti kevala eka hI hai, vaha hai- mnussytaa| jIvana meM yogyatA jAti kA AdhAra hotI hai aura jAti kA ahaMkAra samyagjIvana ko naSTa kara detA hai| yadi Adhunika prajAtaMtra ko saphala honA hai to jAtivAda samApta honA caahie| jAtivAda aura prajAtaMtra ekadUsare ke virodhI haiN| mujhe likhate hue harSa hai ki DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina ke preraNAprada protsAhana va mArgadarzana ne tathA zrImatI zakuntalA jaina kI kAryaniSThA ne mere sampAdana-kArya ko sugama banA diyA, phalasvarUpa isakA khaNDa-1, (XXI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #22
khaNDa-2 evaM khaNDa-3 prakAzana ke lie taiyAra ho sakA; ataH maiM inakA atyanta AbhArI huuN| maiM vizeSatayA DaoN. vIrasAgara jaina ke prati kRtajJatA vyakta karatA hU~ jinhoMne isa pustaka ko AdyopAnta akSarazaH par3hA, bahumUlya sujhAva die aura isake prAkkathana' likhane kI svIkRti pradAna kara anugRhIta kiyaa| DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI 'nidezaka jainavidyA saMsthAna digambara jaina atizaya kSetra zrI mahAvIrajI (XXII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #23
sAmAnya sampAdakIya AcAra jainadharma kA eka mahattvapUrNa pakSa hai| isake do prayojana haiM- prathama, yaha AdhyAtmika zuddhi utpanna karatA hai aura dvitIya, yaha vyakti ko yogya sAmAjika prANI banAtA hai; jisase vaha uttaradAyitvapUrNa evaM sadvyavahAravAlA par3ausI bana ske| (1) pahalA prayojana karma ke jaina siddhAnta se utpanna hotA hai; jo svacAlitarUpa se kriyAzIla niyama hai; jisase karma-vidhAna ke antargata pratyeka vyakti ko usake svayaM ke vicAroM, zabdoM aura kriyAoM kA zubha yA azubha phala avazyaM milatA hai| karma ke isa niyama meM IzvarIya hastakSepa ko koI sthAna nahIM hai, yahA~ Izvara ko sRSTi kA kartA svIkAra nahIM kiyA gayA hai| vaha na to sAMsArika prANiyoM ko prasAda pradAna kara sakatA hai aura na hI daNDa de sakatA hai| niHsandeha yaha eka sAhasika dRSTikoNa hai jo jainadharma meM buniyAdI taura para pratipAdita kiyA gayA hai jisake kAraNa vyakti nizcaya hI apane bhAgya kA svayaM nirmAtA hotA hai| karma eka sUkSma 'pudgala' yA 'UrjA' kA eka prakAra mAnA gayA hai jo vicAroM, zabdoM aura kriyAoM ke phalasvarUpa AtmA ko prabhAvita karatA hai| vAstava meM pratyeka AtmA anAdikAla se karmoM ke prabhAva meM hai| pratyeka vyakti atIta ke karmoM ke phaloM kA anubhava karatA hai aura naye karma bA~dhatA hai| isa taraha se kriyA aura usake phala kA cakra calatA rahatA hai| kevala anuzAsanAtmaka jIvana jIne se vyakti karmoM se chuTakArA pA sakatA hai| isa taraha se jaba AtmA pUrNatayA karmoM se mukta ho jAtA hai to yahI AdhyAtmika mukti kahI jAtI hai| For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #24
(2) dUsarA prayojana sabhI prANiyoM ke prati samAnatA kA dRSTikoNa vikasita karane ke lie prerita karatA hai aura yaha eka vyakti aura usakI saMpatti ke prati bhI pavitra dRSTikoNa utpanna karatA hai| __yaha AcAra jainadharma meM zreNIbaddha rUpa se varNita hai| yaha vyakti ke lie prastAvita karatA hai ki vaha AcAra kA niSkapaTa rUpa se pAlana kre| . isa AcAra kA AdhAra ahiMsA kA siddhAnta hai| yaha vyakti ke svAbhAvika adhikAra kI svIkRti hai, jisako yaha kahakara sArvajanika rUpa se abhivyakta kiyA gayA hai ki pratyeka vyakti jInA cAhatA hai, koI bhI maranA nahIM caahtaa| isalie dUsare prANiyoM ko naSTa karane yA nukasAna pahu~cAne kA kisI ko bhI adhikAra nahIM hai; usa rUpa meM vicAra karane para ahiMsA susaMskRta aura vivekapUrNa jIvana kA mUlabhUta niyama hai aura isa taraha yaha jainadharma ke samasta naitika zikSaNa kA AdhAra bana jAtA hai| "na kisI ko mAranA aura na hI kisI ko nukasAna pahu~cAnA aise Adeza kA nirdhAraNa mAnava ke AdhyAtmika itihAsa meM mahAna ghaTanA hai|" yaha bAta 'alabarTa svAiTajara' ke dvArA (Indian Thoughts and its Development London 1951, pp. 82-3) ucitarUpa se kahI gayI hai| "jahA~ taka hamako jJAta hai yaha bAta spaSTa rUpa se prathama bAra jainadharma meM abhivyakta kI gayI hai|" jaina nItizAstrI pUrNarUpa se isa bAta se paricita haiM ki ImAnadAra aura sudRr3ha ahiMsAvAdI vyakti ko vyAvahArika kaThinAiyoM kA sAmanA karanA par3atA hai| ve samajha cuke haiM ki jainadharma ne sacetana prANiyoM ko jaivika vijJAna ke anurUpa zreNIbaddha rUpa se vyavasthita kiyA hai| isakA uddezya vyakti ko kisI bhI uccazreNIvAle jIva ko mArane aura nukasAna pahu~cAne se paraheja karane ke yogya banAnA hai aura (XXIV) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #25
aMtima rUpa se yaha batAnA hai ki vyakti nimna zreNIvAle jIva ko bhI nukasAna pahu~cAne se paraheja kre| yaha bAta hI paryApta nahIM hai ki hama kevala vyakti ke jIvana ke prati sammAna prakaTa kareM, kintu hameM usake vyaktitva aura usakI saMpatti kI pavitratA ko bhI anivArya rUpa se Adara denA caahie| yaha dRSTikoNa jaina vratoM ke sAra ko vyakta karatA hai jo isa.prakAra varNita haiM - ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| ye aNuvrata kahalAte haiM jaba gRhasthoM ke lie batAe jAte haiM aura jaba yathArtharUpa se sAdhuoM dvArA pAlana kiye jAte haiM to mahAvrata kahalAte haiN| inakA adhyayana yaha batAtA hai ki "ve eka dUsare para Azrita aura eka dUsare ke pUraka haiN|" yaha bAta benIprasAda dvArA vicArottejaka nibandha (World Problems and Jaina Ethics, Lahore 1945, pp. 17-18) meM acchI prakAra se kahI gayI hai| "jaba kisI eka vrata kA mAnavIya saMbaMdhoM ke lie upayoga kiyA jAtA hai to tArkikarUpa se dUsare vrata bhI isameM A jAte haiN| yadi aisA nahIM hotA hai to vAstava meM dUsare vratoM ke binA koI bhI vrata apane Apa meM nirarthaka siddha hogaa| una vratoM meM se prathama arthAt ahiMsA mukhya mAnI gayI hai| yaha (ahiMsA) samasta ucca jIvana kA AdhAra hai, jaina aura bauddha naitika niyamoM meM yaha (ahiMsA) mAnavatAvAda se adhika vyApaka hai, kyoMki isake antargata sampUrNa sacetana sRSTi samAviSTa hai| ahiMsA kI taraha asteya aura aparigraha dikhane meM niSedhAtmaka haiM, kintu vAstava meM prayoga meM vidheyAtmaka haiN| pA~coM aNuvrata milakara jIvana kI naitika aura AdhyAtmika dhAraNA kA nirmANa karate haiN| ye sva-utkarSa ke mahAna siddhAnta ke prati niSThA vyakta karate haiN| inheM mUlyoM kA utkarSIkaraNa bhI kahA jA sakatA hai|" (XXV) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #26
- jainadharma meM jIvana-caryA do prakAra se prastAvita kI gaI hai| eka jIvana-caryA to sAdhu ke lie hai jisane sAMsArika baMdhanoM ko tor3a diyA hai aura dUsarI gRhastha ke lie hai jisake Upara kaI sAmAjika uttaradAyitva haiN| sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM ke karttavyoM ke pratipAdana ke lie jainadharma meM atyadhika mAtrA meM sAhitya vikasita huA hai| AdhArabhUta nirdezana aura daNDAtmaka niyaMtraNa ne sAdhuoM aura gRhasthoM ko samyakcAritra para calane ke lie sahAyatA kI hai| AzAdhara kA dharmAmRta (1240 IsvI ke bAda), do prakAra ke AcAra ko eka ikAI meM prastuta karane kA saMbhavata: sundara prayAsa hai| jaina sAhitya meM sAdhu ke jIvana se saMbaMdhita zodhaprabandha pracura mAtrA meM haiN| saMkSipta sarvekSaNa ke lie koI bhI vyakti S. B. Deo dvArA likhita (History of Jaina Monachism, Deccan College, Poona 1956) kA upayoga kara sakatA hai| gRhasthoM ke lie pratipAdita AcAra kA AlocanAtmaka aura aitihAsika,adhyayana Ara. viliyamsa dvArA likhita jaina yoga (Oxford University Press, Oxford 1963) nAmaka uttama nibandha meM prApta hotA hai| isake lie koI bhI vyakti dUsare srota jaise-vasunandi zrAvakAcAra (saMpAdaka hIrAlAla jaina, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, banArasa 1952), upAsakAdhyayana (saMpAdaka kailAzacandra zAstrI, banArasa 1964), aura ema. mehatA dvArA likhita jaina AcAra (vArANasI 1966) kA bhI adhyayana kara sakatA hai| / prastuta kRti meM DaoN. ke. sI. sogANI ne jainadharma ke AcArasambandhI siddhAntoM ke sampUrNa AyAmoM kA utkRSTa sarvekSaNa karane kA prayAsa kiyA hai| jaina AcAra kI aitihAsika pRSThabhUmi para kucha TippaNiyA~ prastuta karane ke pazcAt (I) ve tAttvika AdhAra ko vistAra se prastuta karate haiM jisa para jaina AcAra kA bhavana vistRtarUpa se nirmita hai (II-III) usake pazcAt gRhasthoM aura muniyoM kA AcAra vistArapUrvaka varNita hai (XXVI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #27
(IV-V) jaina AcAra AdhyAtmika vikAsa kA mArga dikhAtA hai, isalie usakA rahasyAtmaka mahattva hai (VI) yadyapi jainadharma kI apanI svayaM kI vizeSatAe~ haiM phira bhI jaina aura ajaina ke naitika siddhAntoM ke tulanAtmaka adhyayana se nizcaya hI lAbhakArI pariNAma utpanna hote haiM (VII) jaina AcAra siddhAntoM kA dUragAmI sAmAjika tAtparya hai aura unakA Adhunika samasyAoM ke sandarbha meM adhyayana kiyA jAnA upayukta hai| jainadharma ke tIna siddhAnta- ahiMsA, aparigraha aura anekAnta yadi ucita rUpa se samajhe jAe~ aura unako vyavahAra meM kriyAnvita kiyA jAya to ve kisI bhI vyakti ko aise sammAnanIya nAgarika banA sakate haiM, jo apanI jIvana dRSTi meM mAnavIya hote haiM aura parigraha vRtti se anAsakta hote hai aura apanI mAnasika sthiti meM uccakoTi ke buddhisampanna aura sahanazIla hote haiN| sArAMza yaha hai ki DaoN. sogANI ne hameM jainadharma ke AcAra-sambandhI siddhAntoM ko prAmANika rIti se pradarzita karate hue unakA sarvAGpUrNa adhyayana pradAna kiyA hai| DaoN. sogANI kI prastuta kRti mUla rUpa se vahI zodhaprabandha hai jo rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca. DI kI upAdhi ke lie svIkRta kI gayI thii| yaha unakA atyadhika sneha thA ki unhoMne jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA meM prakAzana ke lie usako hamArI vyavasthA meM sauNpaa| sAmAnya sampAdaqa hone ke nAte hama TrasTa kameTI ke sadasyoM aura prabandha samiti ko aise prakAzanoM ke vAste vitta prabandha ke lie mana se dhanyavAda arpita karate haiN| isa bAta kI AzA kI jAtI hai ki isa prakAra 'jaina AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM' kA sarvAGpUrNa pratipAdana bhAratIya dhArmika ciMtana ke vidyArthiyoM ke lie jainadharma ko samIcIna rUpa se samajhane ke yogya banA degaa| (XXVII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #28
__ hameM yahA~ likhate hue atyadhika duHkha hai ki zrI gulAbacanda hIrAcandajI kA 22.01.67 ko nidhana ho gyaa| ve TrasTa kameTI ke adhyakSa the aura unhoMne graMthamAlA kI pragati meM tIvra ruci drshaayii| sAmAnya sampAdakoM ne unameM nihita upakAritA kI nidhi ko tathA uccakoTi ke udAratAvAda ko kho diyaa| unake kAraNa adhikatara hamAre prakAzanoM kI nIti kI rUparekhA taiyAra huii| yaha hamAre lie saMtoSa kI bAta hai ki unake pazcAt unake bhAI zrI lAlacaMda hIrAcaMdajI hamAre adhyakSa bne| seTha zrI lAlacaMdajI gatizIla preraNA ke lie prasiddha haiM, . unakI yaha preraNA, hama AzA karate haiM ki, saMgha kI gatividhiyoM meM navIna utsAha bhara degii| hama mana se dhanyavAda karate haiM zrI vAlacanda devIcandajI aura zrI mANakacanda vIracandajI kA jo ina prakAzanoM meM sakriya ruci le rahe haiN| unake sahayoga aura sahAyatA ke binA sAmAnya saMpAdakoM ke lie vividha prakAra ke prakAzanoM ko saMpAdita karanA kaThina hotaa| e. ena. upAdhye kolhApura eca. ela. jaina jabalapura (XXVIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #29
prastAvanA prastuta kRti mUlata: vahI zodhaprabandha hai jo rAjasthAna vizvavidyAlaya dvArA pIeca.DI kI upAdhi ke lie san 1961 meM svIkRta kI gayI thI / isa kRti meM sarvaprathama yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki sampUrNa jaina AcAra vyavahAra meM ahiMsA kI ora unmukha hai| jainAcAryoM ke dvArA ahiMsA kI paripUrNa anubhUti ko mAnava jIvana kA uccatama Adarza samajhA gayA hai| ahiMsA jainadharma meM itanI pramukha hai ki ise jainadharma kA prAraMbha aura aMta kahA jA sakatA hai| samantabhadrAcArya kA kathana hai ki "sabhI prANiyoM kI ahiMsA paramabrahma kI anubhUti ke samAna hai|" yaha kathana ahiMsA ke uccatama svabhAva ko prakAzita karatA hai| ahiMsA kA Adarza kramikarUpa se anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| jo vyakti ahiMsA kA AMzikarUpa (Partially) se pAlana karane ke yogya hotA hai vaha gRhastha kahalAtA hai aura jo ahiMsA kA pUrNarUpa (Completely) se pAlana karatA hai, yadyapi paripUrNarUpa ( Perfectly) se nahIM kara pAtA vaha saMnyAsI yA muni kahA gayA hai| niHsandeha muniyoM kA jIvana ahiMsA ke anubhava ke lie pUrA AdhAra pradAna karatA hai, kintu isakA paripUrNarUpa se anubhava kevala AdhyAtmika (rahasyAtmaka) anubhava kI pUrNatA meM hI saMbhava hai jo ki arhat avasthA kahI jAtI hai| isa prakAra gRhastha aura muni do pahiye haiM jisa para jaina AcArarUpI gAr3I bilakula AsAnI se calatI hai| jaina AcAryoM ko yaha zreya prApta hai ki unhoMne ina do AcAroM ko apanI dRSTi meM sadaiva rkhaa| unhoMne kabhI bhI eka-dUsare ke karttavyoM kA ghAlamela karane yA unako gaDDamaDDa karane For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #30
kA samarthana nahIM kiyaa| pariNAmasvarUpa unhoMne jainadharma meM gRhasthaAcAra ko utanI hI spaSTatA se vikasita kiyA jitanI spaSTatA se muni-AcAra vikasita kiyA gyaa| munipravRtti se abhibhUta hokara jainadharma ne gRhastha-AcAra kI upekSA nahIM kii| aNuvratoM ke siddhAnta ko vikasita karane ke kAraNa jainadharma ne aisA mArga dikhA diyA hai jisa para gRhastha apanI jIvana-yAtrA saphalatApUrvaka calA sakatA hai| aNuvratoM kA siddhAnta bhAratIya cintana ko jainadharma kA advitIya yogadAna dvitIya, yaha batAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jaina tattvamImAMsA jaina nItiparaka siddhAnta ke pratipAdana kA AdhAra hai| jaina dArzanikoM dvArA svIkRta tAttvika dRSTi anekAntavAda yA anirapekSavAda ke nAma se jAnI jAtI hai| dravya ke svarUpa ko prakaTa karane ke lie jaina dArzanika nirapekSa dRSTikoNa kA anumodana nahIM karate haiN| jainadarzana kI dRr3ha dhAraNA hai ki darzana meM nirapekSavAda naitika cintana kA vinAzaka hai, kyoMki nirapekSavAda sadaiva cintana kI prAganubhavika pravRtti para AdhArita hotA hai jo anubhava se bahuta dUra hai| isa dRSTi se samantabhadra kA kathana mahattvapUrNa hai| unake anusAra baMdhana aura mokSa, puNya aura pApa kI jo dhAraNA hai vaha apanI prAsaMgikatA kho detI hai yadi hama dravya ke svabhAva ke nirmANa meM kevala nityatA yA anityatA ko svIkAra karate haiN| thor3e se cintana se yaha spaSTa ho jAyegA ki ahiMsA kI dhAraNA jo jaina AcAra ke kSetra se saMbaMdhita hai padArthoM ke tAttvika svabhAva kA tArkika pariNAma hai| __ tRtIya, yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki adhyAtmavAda meM jaina AcAra kI parAkASThA hai| isa prakAra yadi AcAra kA mUla srota tattvamImAMsA hai to adhyAtmavAda isakI parisamApti hai| AcArazAstra (XXX) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #31
tAttvika cintana aura AdhyAtmika anubhava ko jor3anevAlI kar3I hai| yaha kahanA galata na hogA ki jainadharma kevala AcAra aura tattvamImAMsA hI nahIM hai balki adhyAtmavAda bhI hai| yaha isa bAta se spaSTa hai ki jaina AcAryoM dvArA nirantara samyagdarzana ( AdhyAtmika jAgrati) kI vAstavika upalabdhi para jora diyA gayA hai| samyagdarzana kI pRSThabhUmi ke binA sampUrNa jaina AcAra cAhe gRhastha kA ho yA muni kA pUrNatayA nirjIva hai| isa prakAra sampUrNa jaina AcAra meM adhyAtmavAda vyApta hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana-patha ke prati gahana niSThA ke kAraNa jainadharma ne AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha sopAna vikasita kiye haiM jinheM guNasthAna kahA jAtA hai| maiMne ina sopAnoM ko nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata sammilita kiyA hai, udAharaNArtha - ( 1 ) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArapUrNa kAla (AtmA kI aMdhakArapUrNa rAtri), (2) AtmajAgrati (AtmA kA jAgaraNa), (3) AcAra-sambandhI zuddhIkaraNa, (4) prakAza - jyoti, (5) prakAza - jyoti ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kA kAla aura (6) sAmAnya anubhava se pare lokottara jIvana / ina sopAnoM se pare eka avasthA aura hai jise siddha-avasthA ke nAma se jAnA jAtA hai| caturtha, yaha dikhAne kA prayAsa kiyA gayA hai ki jainadharma meM bhakti kI saiddhAntika saMbhAvanA hai| sAmAnyatayA yaha mAnA jAtA hai ki jainadharma aura bhakti Apasa meM eka dUsare ke virodhI zabda haiM, kyoMki bhakti meM eka aise divya / IzvarIya hastI ke astitva kI pUrva mAnyatA hai jo bhakta kI AkAMkSAoM kA sakriyatA se uttara de sake aura jainadharma meM aisI hastI kI dhAraNA amAnya hai| yaha kahanA satya hai ki jainadharma aisI IzvarIya hastI ke vicAra kA samarthana nahIM karatA hai, lekina jainadharma meM niHsandeha arhat aura siddha, jo ki divya anubhava prApta AtmAe~ haiM, (XXXI) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #32
bhakti ke viSaya ho sakate haiM, kintu ve mAnavIya prArthanAoM ke viSaya hote hue bhI mAnavIya sukha-duHkha se bilakula taTastha rahate haiN| lekina jainadharma ke anusAra arhat yA siddha ke prati bhakti kI preraNA isa bAta se utpanna hotI hai ki unameM se kisI kI bhI bhakti AtmA meM uccatama prakAra ke puNya kA saMcaya karatI hai, jo phalasvarUpa bhautika aura AdhyAtmika lAbha utpanna karatI hai| arhat yA siddha ke prati bhakti ke dvArA hamAre vicAra aura saMvega zuddha hote haiM jisake pariNAmasvarUpa AtmA meM puNya kA saMcaya hotA hai| isa prakAra kA puNya kevala patthara kI pUjA karane se utpanna nahIM ho sakatA hai, isalie jainadharma meM arhat aura siddha kI pUjA kA mahattva hai| isa tathya ke kAraNa samantabhadra yaha ghoSaNA karate haiM ki arhat kI ArAdhanA AtmA meM atyadhika puNya kA saMcaya karatI hai| jo usakI bhakti karatA hai vaha samRddhi ko pAtA hai aura jo usakI nindA karatA hai vaha duHkha meM giratA hai| aisA samajhane para sAdhaka ko Izvara (arhat aura siddha) ke alagAva pUrNa vyavahAra ke lie nirAzA kI zvAsa nahIM lenI caahiye| saca to yaha hai ki jo unakI bhakti karate haiM, ve svata: hI unnata ho jAte haiN| aMta meM isa tathya kI ora dhyAna AkarSita kiyA gayA hai ki vAstava meM vaidika, jaina aura bauddha se prApta tAttvika niSkarSoM meM bheda hote hue bhI unake pratipAdakoM ne vastuoM kI asAratA se pare jAne ke lie samAna paddhatiyoM aura yuktiyoM kA sahArA liyA hai| isa prakAra ve manovaijJAnika, AcArazAstrIya aura dhArmika bhAva ke stara para asAdhAraNa rUpa se sahamata haiN| isake sAtha hI maiMne kucha mahattvapUrNa pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM kI bhI AlocanAtmaka dRSTi se parIkSA kI hai| (XXXII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #33
___ isa kArya ke Ayojana meM jina srotoM kA upayoga kiyA gayA hai unake prati pAdaTippaNa meM RNa svIkAra kiyA gayA hai| zabdaza: anuvAda kI apekSA mUla srotoM kA anuvAda karane ke lie bhAva kA adhika dhyAna rakhA gayA hai| prArambha meM hI maiM gaharI kRtajJatA ke bhAva ko abhivyakta karatA hU~ sva. mAsTara motIlAlajI saMghI, jayapura (rAjasthAna) ke prati, jinhoMne na kevala zabdoM se kintu apane jIvana aura cintana ke tarIke se mujhe darzana kI ora modd'aa| AdhyAtmika vyaktiyoM meM maiM unheM ucca zreNI kA mAnatA huuN| vyaktiyoM ko jAti aura mata ke pakSapAta ke binA badalane ke tarIke ke kAraNa aura AdhyAtmika sAhitya ke adhyayana ke prati ruci utpanna karane ke kAraNa ve mujhe sukarAta kI yAda dilAte haiN| paM. cainasukhadAsajI nyAyatIrtha, prAcArya, jaina saMskRta kaoNleja, jayapura (rAjasthAna) mere lie sadaiva prakAza aura preraNA ke srota bane rhe| unakA agAdha pANDitya, gaMbhIra ciMtana aura saMta jaisA jIvana mere lie mArgadarzaka bnaa| unake kAraNa hI maiM mUla srotoM ke adhyayana meM lagA rahA aura unako vartamAna rUpa meM prastuta kara skaa| mere lie ve dRr3hatA, dhairya, sAhasa aura akSuNNa utsAha ke pratIka haiN| maiM unakA kitanA RNI hU~- yaha merI abhivyakti se pare hai| maiM pUrNarUpa se kRtajJatA svIkAra karatA hU~ mere suparavAijara DaoN. vI. eca. dAte ke prati, jinake nirdezana aura snehI vyavahAra se vartamAna kArya kara skaa| yahA~ mujhe yaha ullekha karate hue hicakicAhaTa nahIM hai ki unake kAraNa hI maiM merA snAtakottara adhyayana pUrA kara sakA aura darzana meM kaI nayI bAteM sIkha sakA jinako kevala lambe vyaktigata samparka ke kAraNa hI sIkhA jA sakatA hai| maiM unake vAtsalya ko kabhI nahIM bhulA sktaa| (XXXIII) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #34
DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye jo graMthamAlA ke sAmAnya saMpAdaka hai unake prati merI kRtajJatA kI abhivyakti ke lie zabda aparyApta hai| vividha bauddhika kAryoM ke hote hue bhI unhoMne isa kArya ke prakAzana meM vyaktigata ruci lI aura unhoMne eka se adhika bAra prUphoM kA saMzodhana kiyaa| maiM mana se dhanyavAda arpita karatA hU~ jIvarAja jaina graMthamAlA ke TrasTiyoM kA jinhoMne isa kArya ke prakAzana kI vyavasthA kii| maiM atyanta RNI hU~ zrI pI. sinhA, prAcArya, Ara. Ara. kaoNleja, alavara (rAjasthAna) kA jinhoMne mujhe aise kAryoM ko karane ke lie sabhI prakAra kI Avazyaka suvidhAe~ pradAna kii| maiM mere mitra zrI bI. Ara. bhaNDArI ko dhanyavAda detA hU~ jinhoMne apanA atyadhika samaya anukramaNikA taiyAra karane meM lgaayaa| isa avasara para mujhe dhanyavAda denA nahIM bhUlanA cAhiye apanI patnI zrImatI kamalA devI sogANI ko jinhoMne apane bahuta se svArthoM ke tyAga dvArA aura mUla srotoM se sAmagrI nikAlane meM madada dvArA mujhe vyAvahArika protsAhana diyaa| ke. sI. sogANI udayapura 01.03.67 (XXXIV) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #35
sAtavA~ adhyAya jaina aura jainetara bhAratIya AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta pUrva adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa 'jaina AcAra kA rahasyAtmaka mahattva' nAmaka pUrva adhyAya meM hamane batAyA hai ki manuSya kisa prakAra kaSAya kI guphA se bAhara nikalakara lokAtIta cetanA ke AvAsa meM vizrAma karatA hai ? bahirAtmA pratyeka vastu ko svIkAra karatA hai, antarAtmA sabhI ko nakAratA hai lekina paramAtmA na to svIkAra karatA hai aura na nakAratA hai kintu vaha svIkArane aura nakArane ke dvaita se pare ho jAtA hai| isa saMbaMdha meM prathama, hamane rahasyavAda kI jaina dhAraNA aura usakA tattvamImAMsA se saMbaMdha kI vyAkhyA kI hai| dvitIya, hamane mithyAtva meM DUbI huI AtmA kI durdazA ko batAyA hai, sAtha meM AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa ke svarUpa aura usakI utpatti kI prakriyA kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai tathA naitika aura bauddhika rUpAntaraNa se usake bheda ko samajhAyA hai| tRtIya, zuddhIkaraNa aura naitika taiyArI kI AvazyakatA kA digdarzana karAyA gayA hai aura usameM svAdhyAya aura bhakti ke Upara jora diyA gayA hai| caturtha, jyotipUrNa avasthA kI dhAraNA aura do prakAra ke patana kI saMbhAvanA arthAt prathama, AtmajAgrati se aura dvitIya, jyotipUrNa avasthA se - ina donoM ko citrita kiyA gayA hai| paMcama, sadehamukti aura videhamukti ke pariprekSya meM hamane lokAtIta jIvana kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA hai| AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha guNasthAnoM ke antargata uparyukta sabhI bAtoM ko sammilita kiyA Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (1)

Page #36
gayA hai, sAtha hI hamane siddha avasthA ko bhI samajhAyA hai jo ina caudaha guNasthAnoM se pare hai| vartamAna adhyAya meM hama upaniSad, bhagavadgItA, zaMkara-vedAnta, pUrva-mImAMsA, nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga tathA prAraMbhika bauddha dharma ke AcAra ke sAtha jaina AcAra kI tulanA kreNge| vibhinna prakAra se naitika Adarza kI abhivyaktiyA~ sarvaprathama hama gItA aura upaniSadoM ke cintakoM dvArA jo naitika Adarza kA svarUpa batAyA gayA hai usako smjhaayeNge| unhoMne vibhinna prakAra ke naitika Adarza para vicAra kiyA hai kintu ve kevala abhivyakti kI bhinnatAe~ haiM, unake artha meM koI bhinnatA nahIM hai| (ka) prathama, kaThopaniSad meM pratipAdita preya mArga aura zreya mArga meM bheda karane ke pazcAt vivekI preya kI apekSA zreya mArga ko cunatA hai jisake kAraNa jIvana kA vAstavika uddezya prApta kiyA jAtA hai| isake viparIta mUr3ha preya mArga kI tarapha lAlAyita rahane ke kAraNa zreya mArga kA vAstavika lAbha prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai| ataH preya mArga jisakA adhikAMza loga anusaraNa karate haiM usakA zreya mArga se bheda kiyA jAnA caahiye| yaha zreya mArga manuSya ko kSaNabhaMgura sAMsArika vastuoM se aura duHkhoM se mukta kara detA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA mArga jJAniyoM dvArA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai jaba ki mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra kA mArga ajJAniyoM dvArA svIkAra kiyA jAtA hai| pUrvavartI mArga manuSya ko sAMsArika baMdhanoM se mukta kara detA hai 1. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/1, 2 (2) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism FETOS A TERREIN ANG For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #37
jaba ki paravartI mArga usako duHkhapUrNa icchAoM ke daladala meM phaMsA detA quo (kha) isI prakAra chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra jJAnI aura zraddhAvAna saMnyAsI devayAna mArga ko cunatA hai jisake pariNAmasvarUpa vaha brahma kI yA mukti kI prApti karatA hai| isake viparIta gRhastha jo saMsAra meM lipta rahatA hai vaha pitRyAna mArga se jAtA hai aura isI saMsAra meM punarjanma letA hai| isI taraha gItA ne bhI do mArga svIkAra kiye haiMarthAt zuklamArga aura kRssnnmaarg| pUrvavartI mokSa kA kAraNa hai aura paravartI punarjanma kaa| zuklamArga AvAgamana ko samApti kI ora le jAtA hai jaba ki kRSNamArga janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghumAtA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra siddhagati aura cAra gatiyA~ mAnI gayI haiM arthAt devagati, manuSyagati, tiryaMcagati aura nrkgti| pUrvavartI zAzvata va aparivartanIya hai| isako prApta karane meM AvAgamana pUrNatayA samApta ho jAtA hai jaba ki paravartI saMsAra meM janma-maraNa kA kAraNa hotI haiN| dvitIya, parAgati kI anubhUti usa brahma yA AtmA ke samAnArthaka hai jo lakSya ke rUpa meM sAdhI jAtI hai, kevala vo hI vAMchanIya hai, vo * ' 2. chAndogyopaniSad, 5/10/1, 3, 5 bhagavadgItA, 8/26 * samayasAra, 1 gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 145, 151 kaThopaniSad, 1/3/10 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 1/4/8 muNDakopaniSad, 2/2/2 zvetAzvetaropaniSad, 1/1/12 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (3) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #38
hI atyadhika rUpa se jAnane yogya hai vo hI cintanIya aura darzanIya vastuoM kA vizrAma sthala hai|" bhagavadgItA ke anusAra amRtamaya paramapada," brAhmI sthiti, 12 brahma nirvANa, 13 parama gati, 14 parama zAnti" aura parama siddhi"- ye samAnArthaka lokAtIta uddezya kahe gaye haiM / kaThopaniSad ke anusAra brahma yA parama puruSa yA zAnta AtmA jo indriya, mana aura buddhi ke pAra hai sAdhaka kI yAtrA kA uccatama uddezya hai jisako jAnane ke pazcAt vaha amaratva prApta kara letA hai aura yahI hamAre prayatnoM kI paripUrNatA hai / " zAnta AtmA yA brahma zabdarahita, sparzarahita, rUparahita, rasarahita aura gaMdharahita hai tathA jo zAzvata, avinAzI aura 17 18 ananta hai| 1" jainadharma ke anusAra paramAtmA yA brahma uccatama Adarza hai| sAdhaka ko usI ke bAre meM pUchanA cAhie, usI kI icchA karanI cAhie aura usI ke zAzvata jJAna - prakAza ko prApta karane kA prayAsa karanA caahie| " 19 jainadarzana aura upaniSad - cintakoM ke anusAra paramAtmA kA svarUpa bahuta kucha samAna hai| paramAtmA zAzvata hai, doSarahita hai, rUpa, 9. chAndogyopaniSad, 8/7/1 10. praznopaniSad, 4 / 7, 8, 9 11. bhagavadgItA, 2/51 12. bhagavadgItA, 2/72 13. bhagavadgItA, 5/25 14. bhagavadgItA, 6/45, 9/32 15. bhagavadgItA, 4/39 16. bhagavadgItA, 14 / 1 17. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/10, 11, 2/3/7,8 18. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/15 19. iSTopadeza, Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (4) 49 For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #39
gaMdha, zabda, rasa aura sparza rahita hai aura janma-maraNa Adi se pare hai| kundakunda ke bhAvapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki sarvocca AtmA rUpa, gaMdha, zabda, rasa aura sparza rahita hai aura cetanA isakA guNa hai, kisI bhI cihna se nahIM pahacAnI jA sakatI hai aura usakA AkAra aparibhASita hai|21 itanI samAnatA hote hue bhI paramAtmA ke svarUpa meM jo bheda hai usakI upekSA nahIM kI jA sktii| yahA~ yaha samajhanA cAhie ki jainadarzana ke tAttvika dRSTikoNa ke kAraNa yaha vizva kA AdhAra nahIM ho sktaa| AtmA kA tAttvika bahuvAda jo jainadarzana meM batAyA gayA hai usake anusAra pratyeka AtmA antaHzakti kI apekSA brahma yA paramAtmA hai| tRtIya, Ananda kI prApti sAdhane yogya lakSya hai| brahma kA Ananda zAMti aura zAzvatatA kI paripUrNatA hai|22 taittirIyopaniSad brahmAnanda kI tulanA zArIrika Ananda se karatA hai aura manuSyoM, devatAoM Adi ke AnandoM kI saMkhyA jor3ane ke pazcAt nirNaya karatA hai ki prajApati ke sau Ananda brahmAnanda kA nirmANa karate haiN| yahA~ yaha batAyA jA sakatA hai ki AdhyAtmika Ananda anUThA hotA hai aura kisI bhI zArIrika Ananda ke sAtha usakI tulanA nahIM kI jA sktii| kundakunda ke anusAra uccatama Ananda upamA se pare hotA hai|24 yogIndu kA kathana hai ki uccatama Ananda kI prApti jo paramAtmA 20. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/17, 19 21. bhAvapAhuMDa, 64 pravacanasAra, 2/80 paJcAstikAya, 127 taittirIyopaniSad, 1/6 taittirIyopaniSad, 2/8 24. pravacanasAra, 1/13 22. Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (5) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #40
ke dhyAna meM anubhava kI jAtI hai vaha sAMsArika jIvana meM asaMbhava hai| taittirIyopaniSadda kahatA hai ki AtmA kI pA~ca parateM hotI haiM unameM aMtima paramAnandamaya AtmA hai| pahalI parata bhojana se banI hai, dUsarI prANavAyu se, tIsarI mana se, cauthI buddhi se aura pA~cavIM parata Ananda hai| taittirIyopaniSad meM bhRgu ne paramasattA ke svarUpa ke bAre meM varuNa se prazna puuchaa| vaha jo uttara milA usase saMtuSTa nahIM huaa| vaha aMtima rUpa se usa samaya saMtuSTa huA jaba usane uttara diyA ki Anandamaya cetanA saba vastuoM kA AdhAra hai|" hama jainadharma meM pratipAdita bahirAtmA kI tulanA- annarasamaya, prANamaya aura manomaya AtmA se kara sakate haiN| antarAtmA kI tulanA hama vijJAnamaya AtmA se kara sakate haiM aura paramAtmA kI tulanA Anandamaya AtmA se kara sakate haiM yadyapi paramAtmA vizva kI cetanA nahIM hai| gItA ke anusAra bhI Ananda kI prApti uccatama Adarza hai aura yaha parama mUlya bhI hai| yogI jisakA mana pUrNatayA zAnta hai, jo kaSAyarahita hai, niSkalaMka hai, lagAtAra AtmA meM apane Apako lagAye rakhatA hai vaha brahma se samparka hone ke kAraNa uccatama Ananda prApta karatA hai| chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra AtmA kA dhyAna karane se Ananda kI prApti hotI hai| 25. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/116, 117 tattvAnuzAsana, 246 taittirIyopaniSad, 2/1, 2, 3, 4, 5 27. Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy, P. 301 28. bhagavadgItA, 6/27, 28 (6) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #41
pUjyapAda aura anya dUsare bhI AtmA ko uccatama Ananda se . bharA huA mAnate haiN| 'iSTopadeza' kA kathana hai ki jo yogI apanI AtmA meM sthita hotA hai vaha uccatama Ananda prApta karatA hai| yogIndu kA yogasAra' mAnatA hai ki jo dhyAna meM lage hue haiM ve avarNanIya Ananda prApta karate haiN| 'tattvAnuzAsana' kA kathana hai ki AtmA ko AtmA ke dvArA dekhane se aura ucca ekAgratA hone para bAharI vastuoM ke hote hue bhI sivAya Ananda ke usako kucha bhI anubhava nahIM detaa| pUjyapAda ke anusAra jo yogI dhyAna meM DUba jAtA hai vaha zArIrika cetanA se pare ho jAtA hai|32 __isa prakAra gItA, upaniSad aura jainadharma Ananda kI prApti ke saMbaMdha meM ullekhanIya samAnatA vyakta karate haiM kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra vastue~ AtmA para Azrita nahIM haiM yA unakA usase tAdAtmya nahIM hai| caturtha, muNDakopaniSad parA vidyA aura aparA vidyA meM bheda karatA hai aura parA vidyA ke pakSa meM yaha nirNaya karatA hai ki yaha AcAra ke uccatama Adarza ko nirdhArita karatI hai jisakA anubhava karane se dUsarI sabhI vastue~ jAna lI jAtI haiN| parA vidyA jo ucca jJAna ke sadRza hotI hai vaha aise brahma ko batAtI hai jo adRzya hai, agrAhya hai, asaMbaMdhita hai, raMga aura AkRti se rahita hai, netra aura karNa Adi jJAnendriyoM se aura hAtha-paira Adi karmendriyoM se rahita hai, nitya hai, sarvavyApI hai, atyanta . 29. . samAdhizataka, 32 30. iSTopadeza, 47 31. yogasAra, 97 tattvAnuzAsana, 170, 172 iSTopadeza, 42 33. muNDakopaniSad, 1/1/3, 4 va zaMkara kI TIkA sahita 32. 2 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (7) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #42
sUkSma hai, avinAzI aura samasta prANiyoM kA parama kAraNa hai| yaha brahma kA bauddhika jJAna nahIM hai kintu usakA antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna hai| aparA vidyA kA saMbaMdha nimna koTi ke jJAna se hai jisake antargata zikSA, kalpa, vyAkaraNa, nirukta, chanda, jyotiSa Adi kA jJAna sammilita hai| ___ parA vidyA uccatama Adarza hai jisakI puSTi nArada aura sanatkumAra kA vArtAlApa jo chAndogyopaniSad meM diyA gayA hai usase hotI hai jisameM kahA gayA hai ki vividha viSayoM jaise itihAsa, gaNita, tarkazAstra Adi kA jJAna prApta karate hue bhI nArada zoka ko jItane meM asamartha hai kyoMki usako AtmA kA jJAna nahIM hai| isa prakAra hama samajhate haiM ki AtmA kA antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna hI duHkha ke sAgara se hamako pAra karAne meM samartha hai, kevala bauddhika jJAna nhiiN| ataH parA vidyA uccatama anubhava hai aura udAtta Adarza hai| yahA~ yaha samajhanA cAhie ki bauddhika jJAna ko pUrNatayA nindita nahIM kiyA jAnA cAhie kintu isako antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna se adhika mahattva nahIM diyA jAnA caahie| jaba uccatama Adarza kI prApti ho jAtI hai to antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna bauddhika jJAna kA sthAna le letA hai| hama ina saba bAtoM kI samAnatA jainadarzana meM vahA~ dekhate haiM jahA~ kundakunda kahate haiM ki zuddhanaya (nizcayanaya) satya hai aura vyavahAranaya asatya hai|" zuddhanaya AtmA kA antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna hai vyavahAranaya AtmA ke ekatva meM bheda utpanna karatA hai| ve sAdhaka jo rahasyAtmaka 34. 35. muNDakopaniSad, 1/1/5, 6 va zaMkara kI TIkA sahita muNDakopaniSad, 1/1/5 chAndogyopaniSad, 7/1/2, 3 samayasAra, 11 36. 37. Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #43
anubhava kI pUrNa U~cAI para pahu~ca cuke haiM unake lie zuddhanaya kA jJAna upayogI hai kintu jo sAdhaka itanI U~cAI para nahIM pahu~ce haiM unako vyavahAranaya kA Azraya lenA caahie| 38 isa prakAra aparA vidyA aura vyavahAranaya vahIM taka satya hai jahA~ taka ve hamako bauddhika rUpa se Age le jAte haiM kintu ve aMtima nahIM haiN| jisa prakAra eka vyakti gRhasthAvasthA chor3akara saMnyAsa dhAraNa karatA hai usI prakAra vyavahAranaya nizcaya ke pakSa meM chor3a diyA jAtA hai / 39 nizcaya aura vyavahAra kA eka dUsarA artha bhI jaina granthoM meM diyA gayA hai| usake anusAra AdhyAtmika anubhava ina donoM bauddhika dRSTikoNoM se pare jAtA hai| 40 amRtacandra kahate haiM ki ziSya kA jJAna usI samaya ucita kahA jAyegA jaba vaha nizcaya aura vyavahAra ke svabhAva ko samajhakara una donoM ke prati upekSA bhAva dhAraNa karegA arthAt vaha ina bauddhika dRSTiyoM se pare calA jAyegA / " isa vyAkhyA ke anusAra hamAre vicAra se aparA vidyA donoM nayoM ke samAnArthaka hai aura parA vidyA AdhyAtmika anubhava ke anurUpa hai| saMkSepa meM parA vidyA yA aparA vidyA ke sandarbha meM kahA jA sakatA hai ki zuddhanaya antardRSTyAtmaka anubhava hai jo parA vidyA ke anurUpa hai aura vyavahAranaya bauddhika jJAna hai jo aparA vidyA ke anurUpa hai| ataH parA vidyA yA zuddhanaya ko hama naitika Adarza ke rUpa meM samajha sakate haiM jisakA bheda aparA vidyA yA vyavahAranaya se kiyA jAnA caahie| samayasAra, 12 paramAtmaprakAza, bhUmikA, pRSTha 30 samayasAra, 142 puruSArthasiddhayupAya, 34 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta 38. 39. 40. 41. For Personal & Private Use Only (9)

Page #44
pA~cavA~, muNDakopaniSad kA kathana hai ki jisane brahma kA anubhava kara liyA hai usane sabhI puNya aura pApa ko tyAga diyA hai aura sampUrNa samatA bhAva kI prApti kI hai|42 usI prakAra kaThopaniSad kahatA hai ki paramAtmA dharma-adharma se pare hai| gItA ke anusAra brahma kA anubhava zubha-azubha se mukta kara detA hai| jaba AtmA sattva, raja aura tama se pare hotA hai to vaha janma-maraNa, vRddhAvasthA va duHkha se mukta ho jAtA hai aura zAzvata jIvana ko prApta karatA hai| isa taraha manuSya kI upalabdhiyoM kI pUrNatA isa bAta meM hai ki vaha naitika stara se pare ho jAtA. hai aura AdhyAtmika stara kI prApti kara letA hai|46 gItA, upaniSad aura jainadharma isa bAta meM samAna hai ki lokAtIta jIvana puNya-pApa se pare hotA hai| kundakunda ke anusAra sAMsArika manuSya azubha ko pApa kahate haiM aura zubha ko puNya kahate haiM kintu puNya bhI manuSya ko janma-maraNa ke cakkara meM DAla detA hai| jisa prakAra ber3I lohe kI ho yA sone kI, manuSya ko bA~dhatI hai usI prakAra zubha-azubha cAritra AtmA ko saMsAra meM bhramaNa karAtA hai| ata: prajJAvAna puruSa zubha-azubha donoM ko chor3a detA hai| aise manuSya bahuta virala hote haiM jo 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/3 kaThopaniSad, 1/2/14 bhagavadgItA, 9/28, 2/50 bhagavadgItA, 14/20 bhagavadgItA, 2/45, 14/14, 15, 18 samayasAra, 145 samayasAra, 146 yogasAra, 72 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #45
puNya ko bhI pApa kI taraha chor3a deN| pUjyapAda kahate haiM ki avrata se pApa hotA hai aura vratoM ke pAlana se puNya hotA hai kintu mukti donoM ke tyAga se utpanna hotI hai| sAdhaka ko avrata ko TAlane ke lie vratoM ko apanAnA cAhie aura uccatama avasthA ko prApta karane ke pazcAt vratoM ko bhI chor3a denA caahie| paramAtmA kI avasthA puNya-pApa se pare hotI hai aura aise vyakti jinhoMne paramAtmA kA anubhava kara liyA hai ve saMsAra-cakra se mukta ho jAte haiN| chaThA, naitika Adarza karmoM ke rUpa meM vyakta kiyA gayA hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad kahatA hai ki eka manuSya ko apane sau varSa ke jIvana meM karmoM ko lagAtAra karate rahanA caahiye| bhagavadgItA ke anusAra karmayoga yA sakriyatA kA jIvana uccatama Adarza hai| bhagavadgItA kA kahanA hai ki karmoM ko anAsakti bhAva se aura phala kI AkAMkSA rahita hokara samatApUrvaka sampanna karanA caahiye|54 yahA~ yaha samajhanA cAhie ki isa prakAra karmoM kA karanA AtmA meM sthiratA kI prApti se hI saMbhava ho sakatA hai| niSkAma karma AdhyAtmika rUpa se prakAzita jIvana kA svAbhAvika pariNAma hai| ___jainadharma ke anusAra tIrthaMkara jIvana meM sakriyatA ke udAharaNa haiN| tIrthaMkara sabhI karmoM ko anAsakta bhAva se karate haiM kintu jainadharma ke 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. yogasAra, 71 samAdhizataka, 83 samAdhizataka, 84 IzopaniSad, 2 bhagavadgItA, 2/47 Vedanta explained, Vol. II, P.527 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (11) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #46
anusAra sabhI bhavya AtmAe~ sakriyatA kA jIvana jIne meM samartha nahIM hotI haiN| kevala ve hI AtmAe~ jinhoMne tIrthaMkara avasthA prApta kI hai ve hI kalyANakArI sakriyatA kA jIvana jI sakate haiM jabaki dUsarI AtmAe~ kevala dhyAna meM DUbI rahatI haiM aura unakA prabhAva prANiyoM para parokSa rUpa se hI hotA hai| isa taraha se jainadharma ke anusAra sakriyatA kA jIvana sArvabhauma nahIM ho sakatA lekina isakA yaha abhiprAya nahIM hai ki mAnava-kalyANa ke lie muni ke dvArA kiye gaye puNya kArya svIkAra nahIM kiye jA skte| bAdhA ke rUpa meM avidyA bhagavadgItA aura upaniSad dvArA naitika Adarza kI abhivyaktiyA~ aura unakI jainadharma se tulanA karane ke pazcAt aba hama uccatama jIvana kI prApti kI prakriyA ko samajhAne kA prayAsa kreNge| prathama, hama usa bAdhA kI ora dhyAna deMge jo AtmA kI prApti ko avaruddha karatI hai| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad aura kaThopaniSad kA kathana hai ki eka brahma ke hote hue bhI jo vizva meM anekatA ko dekhatA hai vaha bAra-bAra mRtyu ke dvArA grasita hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM ajJAnI manuSya apane Apako buddhimAna mAnatA huA avidyA meM rahatA hai| isakA pariNAma yaha hotA hai ki vaha aMdhe manuSya ke dvArA calAye jAnevAle aMdhe manuSya kI taraha asahAya hokara bhaTakatA hai| IzAvAsyopaniSad kA kathana hai ki usa manuSya ke lie jo saba prANiyoM meM AtmA ko dekhatA hai aura saba prANiyoM ko 56. 57. chAndogyopaniSad, 8/3/3 kaThopaniSad, 2/1/10, 11 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4/4/19 kaThopaniSad, 1/2/5 58. (12) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #47
AtmA meM dekhatA hai usameM moha, zoka aura ghRNA nahIM hotI hai| isa taraha se mithyA dRSTikoNa jo avidyA se utpanna hotA hai vaha hameM anekatA ko dekhane ke lie bAdhya karatA hai| bhagavadgItA ke anusAra AtmA prakRti ke tIna guNoM se tAdAtmya kara letI hai| vaha AtmA ke sacce svarUpa ko bhUla jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa AvAgamana kA zikAra ho jAtI hai| jaba yogI ina tIna guNoM se vikRta nahIM hotA taba vaha saba prANiyoM meM AtmA ko dekhatA hai aura AtmA meM saba prANiyoM ko dekhatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vaha ekatva kA anubhava karatA hai aura anekatA vilIna ho jAtI hai| jainadharma ke anusAra AtmA aura anAtmA meM tAdAtmya sAMsArika jIvana kA AdhAra hai| pUjyapAda kA kathana hai ki AtmA pudgala se bhinna hai aura pudgala AtmA se bhinna hai|61 mithyAtva ananta AvAgamana kA mUla hai| jaba lokAtIta AtmA kA anubhava ho jAtA hai to yogI ke jJAna meM sabhI padArtha jhalaka jAte haiM kintu vaha apanI AtmA una padArthoM meM nahIM dekhatA hai| yogIndu kahate haiM ki jagata kA astitva paramAtmA ke kevalajJAna meM hai aura vaha jagata meM hai kintu vaha jagata ke rUpa meM badalatA nahIM hai|2 sAMsArika vastue~ uccatama anubhava meM bhI bhinna rUpa se hI upasthita rahatI haiN| isa bAta meM jainadharma kA upaniSadoM aura bhagavadgItA se bheda hai| jainadharma nahIM kahatA hai ki anekatA kevala dikhAyI detI hai kintu usakA mAnanA hai ki anekatA tAttvika rUpa se nizcita hai, kevala AtmA ko usake dvArA bhramita nahIM honA caahie| yadyapi anAdikAlIna avidyA saMsAra kA kAraNa hai to bhI donoM meM artha kA antara hai| upaniSad 59. IzAvAsyopaniSad, 50 60. bhagavadgItA, 14/5, 7/13, 27 61. iSTopadeza, 50 62. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/41 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (13) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #48
aura bhagavadgItA meM anekatA avidyA hai kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra jIva aura pudgala meM tAdAtmya avidyA hai| jAgrata aura supta AtmAe~ aba hama saMkSepa meM jAgrata aura supta AtmAoM ke bAre meM vicAra kreNge| kaThopaniSad ke anusAra supta AtmA apanI indriyoM se bAhara dekhatA hai kintu jAgrata AtmA jo zAzvatatA cAhatA hai vaha indriyoM ko andara kI ora mor3atA hai aura apane andara AtmA ko dekhatA hai| " supta AtmA indriya-sukhoM meM DUbatA huA mRtyu ke jAla meM pha~sa jAtA hai kintu jAgrata AtmA jinhoMne amarapaMda ko jAna liyA hai vaha kSaNika sukhoM ke pIche nahIM bhAgatA hai / 4 samAdhizataka ke anusAra bahirAtmA (supta ) indriyoM ke dvArA bAhya padArthoM meM saMlagna rahatA hai aura zarIra aura AtmA ko gaDDamaDDa kara detA hai kintu antarAtmA (jAgrata) indriyoM kI isa pravRtti ko svIkAra nahIM karatA aura AtmA ko dekhatA hai|'' iSTopadeza kA kathana hai ki jAgrata manuSya indriyoM ke sukhoM ke lie prayAsa nahIM karatA hai kintu supta manuSya unase sukha cAhatA hai jo usako nirAzA meM le jAtA hai| " muNDakopaniSad ke anusAra supta AtmAe~ puNya kAryoM ko bahu mahattvapUrNa mAnatI haiM aura uccatama Adarza kA unako koI bhAna nahIM hotA hai, ata: isa saMsAra meM bAra-bAra janma letI haiN| 7 usa manuSya kI 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. (14) kaThopaniSad, 2/1/1 kaThopaniSad, 2/1/2 samAdhizataka, 7, 16 iSTopadeza, 17 samAdhizataka, 55 muNDakopaniSad, 1/2/10 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #49
ajJAna-granthi khula jAtI hai jo apane hRdaya meM sthita parama brahma ko jAnatA hai| kaThopaniSad kA kathana hai ki hameM AtmA ko apane zarIra se alaga karanA cAhie jaise koI talavAra ko usakI myAna se alaga karatA hai| kauSItakI upaniSad kA kathana hai ki jaise eka cir3iyA ghosale meM rahatI hai usI prakAra yaha cetana AtmA zarIra meM rahatA hai| samayasAra kA kathana hai ki (supta) manuSya binA paramArtha ke jAne tapa aura vrata kA pAlana karate haiM ata: unake tapa aura vrata bacakAne hote haiN| ve nahIM jAnate ki puNya bhI saMsAra meM AvAgamana kA kAraNa hai aura ve usIkI AkAMkSA karate rahate haiN| yogIndu ke yogasAra ke anusAra ve AtmAe~ bahuta virala hotI haiM jo yaha jAnatI haiM ki jinadeva kA nivAsa zarIra ke andara hai; vaha na to tIrthasthAnoM meM hai aura na hI maMdiroM meM hai|2 amitagati kA kathana hai ki hamako AtmA se zarIra ko alaga karanA caahie| kArtikeya ke anusAra zarIra bAharI AvaraNa kI taraha hotA hai| . bhagavadgItA ke anusAra prathama, jAgrata manuSya zarIra ke parivartana se vyAkula nahIM hotA hai| vaha socatA hai ki jaise eka vyakti kapar3e badalatA hai usI prakAra sadeha-AtmA purAne zarIra ko chor3atA hai aura nayA 68. muNDakopaniSad, 2/1/10 69. kaThopaniSad, 2/3/17 70. . kauSItakI upaniSad, 4/20 71. samayasAra, 152, 154 72. yogasAra, 42, 45 73. amitagati sAmAyika pATha, 2 74. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 316 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (15) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #50
zarIra dhAraNa karatA hai| jAgrata puruSa vicAratA hai ki AtmA ajanmA hai, zAzvata hai, nitya hai, sarvavyApaka hai aura zarIra ke kATane para bhI kATA nahIM jAtA hai| na yaha jalAyA jA sakatA hai aura na hI sukhAyA jA sakatA hai| samAdhizataka kA kathana hai ki antarAtmA ne apane Apako zarIra se alaga kara liyA hai aura yaha zArIrika zakti ko, durbalatA ko aura zarIra ke nAza ko AtmA se saMbaMdhita nahIM mAnatA hai| samayasAra ke anusAra supta AtmA vicAratA hai ki maiM dUsare prANiyoM ko mAratA hU~ yA maiM dUsare prANiyoM dvArA mArA jAtA huuN| jainadarzana ke anusAra AtmA sarvavyApaka nahIM hai| dvitIya, jAgrata AtmA saMkalpavAna hotA hai kintu supta AtmA kI buddhi aneka zAkhAoM vAlI hotI hai| dUsare zabdoM meM jAgrata AtmA kI buddhi sAttvika hotI hai jaba ki supta AtmA kI buddhi rAjasika aura tAmasika hotI hai| pUjyapAda ke anusAra vaha manuSyaM jisakI buddhi AtmA kI tarapha jhukane ke kAraNa sthira ho gaI hai 81 AtmA ke dvArA hI saMtoSa prApta karatA hai 2 aura AtmA ko hI nivAsa-sthAna samajhatA hai| vaha zarIra ke prati 75. bhagavadgItA, 2/13, 22 76. bhagavadgItA, 2/19, 20, 25 77. samAdhizataka, 63, 64, 77 78. samayasAra, 247 79. bhagavadgItA, 2/41 80. bhagavadgItA, 18/30, 31, 32 81. samAdhizataka, 49 82. samAdhizataka, 60 83. samAdhizataka, 73 (16) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #51
Asakti tyAga detA hai jisake phalasvarUpa vaha mokSa prApta kara letA hai| isake viparIta jisakI buddhi vyAkula hai aura AtmA meM sthita nahIM hai vaha ajJAnavaza bAharI vastuoM ko saMtoSa denevAlA mAnatA hai;87 gA~va aura jaMgala ko nivAsa sthAna mAnatA hai;88 tapoM ke kAraNa sundara zarIra ko prApta karane kI icchA karatA hai aura isa taraha mokSa prApta karane meM asaphala ho jAtA hai| ... tRtIya, supta manuSya apane Apako kartA mAnatA hai yadyapi zArIrika kriyAe~. 'prakRti' se utpanna hotI haiN| jAgrata manuSya apane Apako kartA nahIM maantaa| vaha apane Apako karmoM kA akartA mAnatA hai| usake anusAra sarvocca AtmA saba prANiyoM meM nivAsa karatI hai; vaha puruSa aura prakRti meM bheda karatA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra AtmA lokAtIta dRSTikoNa se zuddha bhAvoM kA kartA hotA hai aura pudgala karmoM se utpanna kriyAoM dvArA prabhAvita nahIM hotA hai| laukika dRSTikoNa se AtmA pudgala karmoM se utpanna 84. samAdhizataka, 42 85. samAdhizataka, 71 86. . samAdhizataka, 49 87. samAdhizataka, 60 88. samAdhizataka, 73 89. samAdhizataka, 42 90. samAdhizataka, 71 91. bhagavadgItA, 3/27, 18/16 bhagavadgItA, 13/31, 32 93. bhagavadgItA, 13/27 94. . bhagavadgItA, 13/23 92. Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (17) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #52
zubha-azubha bhAvoM kA kartA hotA hai| yogIndu. paramAtmaprakAza meM kahate haiM ki nizcayanaya ke anusAra baMdhana aura mokSa va sukha aura duHkha karmoM ke pariNAma hai, isake viparIta AtmA kA puNyarUpa aura pAparUpa honA vyavahAra dRSTikoNa se nyAyocita hai| AtmA kriyAoM kA akartA haijaina dRSTikoNa se yaha bAta kevala lokAtIta dRSTi se ucita hai| jAgrata manuSya AtmA ko jJAna aura zraddhA se nirmita mAnatA hai tathA zAzvata, svataMtra aura zuddha mAnatA hai| isa prakAra jAnane se vaha moha kI gA~Tha ko naSTa kara detA hai| vaha saMsArI vastuoM ke parivartana se vyAkula nahIM hotA hai| eka bAta yahA~ dhyAna dene yogya hai ki jainadharma ke anusAra jAgrata manuSya saba AtmAoM ko saba vastuoM meM vyApta nahIM mAnatA hai| AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie guru kI AvazyakatA AtmAnubhava ke mArga para calane ke lie hama guru ke mahattva para vicAra kreNge| muNDakopaniSad kA kathana hai ki brahma kA jJAna prApta karane ke lie sAdhaka ko usa guru ke pAsa jAnA cAhie jisane AtmA kA anubhava kara liyA hai|" kaThopaniSad kA vicAra hai ki AtmAnubhava kA mArga talavAra kI dhAra para calane ke samAna kaThina hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vyakti ko AtmA kA jJAna unase prApta karanA cAhie jo anubhava kI ucca pIThikA para sthita haiN| bhagavadgItA meM kahA gayA hai ki guru sAdhaka ko moha kI avasthA se anAsakti kI avasthA para le jAne ke lie mahattvapUrNa haiN| 95. 96. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/60, 64, 65 pravacanasAra, 176 muNDakopaniSad, 1/2/12 kaThopaniSad, 1/3/14 97. 98. Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #53
jainadharma meM bhI rahasyAtmaka mArga para calane ke lie guru ke mahattva kI upekSA nahIM kI gaI hai| vAstavika artha meM AcArya guru haiN| kundakunda ke bhAvapAhuDa ke anusAra AtmA ke bAre meM guru se jAnakara usa para dhyAna karanA caahie| 99 AdhyAtmika jIvana ke preraka - upaniSad aura bhagavadgItA meM ullikhita hama aise prerakoM ko samajhAyeMge jo amaratva kI prApti ke lie preraNA dete haiN| prathama, sAMsArika vaibhava kI anityatA kA preraka usa samaya kAryakArI huA jaba naciketA mRtyu ke devatA ke pralobhana dene para bhI sAMsArika vastuoM ko asvIkRta kara detA hai| vaha ghoSaNA karatA hai ki ye kSaNabhaMgura vastue~ dIrgha jIvana ke hone para bhI nirarthaka siddha hotI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa inase asaMtoSa hI utpanna hotA hai|10deg bRhadAraNyakopaniSad meM maitreyI pRthvI ke dhana-vaibhava kI apekSA ko adhika cAhatI hai, kyoMki vaibhava usako zAzvata jIvana pradAna nahIM kara sktaa| 101 maitrI upaniSad saMsAra kI nazvaratA ko citrita karatA hai| usake anusAra saMsAra kI vastue~, samudra, parvata Adi sabhI nazvara haiN| aise jagata meM icchAoM ke pIche daur3ane se kyA lAbha hai ? 102 usI prakAra gItA kahatI hai ki indriya-viSaya duHkha kA srota hote haiM, unakA prAraMbha aura aMta hotA hai; ataH jJAnI AdamI unameM sthAyitva anubhava nahIM karatA hai| 103 99. bhAvapAhuDa, 64 100. kaThopaniSad, 1/1/23, 24, 25, 26, 27 101. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 2/4/2 102. Maitri-Upanisad, 1/4 (Translation vide 'Principal Upanisads' 103. bhagavadgItA, 2/14, 5/22 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (19)

Page #54
- isa preraka kI tulanA jainadarzana meM pratipAdita anityatA ke preraka se kI jA sakatI hai| uttarAdhyayana'04 kA kathana hai ki hameM eka kSaNa ke lie bhI pramAda nahIM karanA cAhiye kyoMki manuSya kA jIvana sthAyI nahIM hai| isa jIvana kI samApti osa kI bUMda yA per3a ke usa patte kI taraha hotI hai jo jamIna para gira jAtA hai| isake atirikta indriya-sukha anitya hone ke kAraNa manuSya ko usI taraha tilAMjali de dete haiM jisa prakAra eka pakSI phala ke abhAva meM ur3a jAtA hai aura per3a ko chor3a detA hai|105 bhagavatI ArAdhanA kA kathana hai ki bhoga aura upabhoga kI sabhI vastue~ barpha ke Dhera kI taraha naSTa ho jAtI haiM aura pratiSThA saMsAra meM avilamba cuka jAtI hai|106 jisa prakAra bahatI huI nadI kA pAnI vApasa nahIM lauTatA usI prakAra yauvana eka daphA samApta hone ke bAda puna: nahIM lautttaa|107 kArtikeyAnuprekSA kA kathana hai ki zarIra poSita kie jAte hue bhI Avazyaka rUpa se bikhara jAtA hai jaise binA pakA huA miTTI kA bartana pAnI bharane ke kAraNa TUTa jAtA hai|108 mitra, saundarya, dhana aura sabhI saMbaMdha asthAyI hote haiM jaise navIna AkRti vAle bAdaloM kA samUha yA indradhanuSa yA bAdaloM kI bijlii|109 AtmAnuzAsana ke anusAra rAjAoM ke bhAgya eka dIpaka kI lau kI taraha kSaNa bhara meM naSTa ho jAte haiN| 10 104. uttarAdhyayana, 10/1, 2 105. uttarAdhyayana, 13/31 106. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1727 107. bhagavatI ArAdhanA, 1789 108. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 9 109. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 6, 7 110. AtmAnuzAsana, 62 (20) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #55
dvitIya, AvAgamana AdhyAtmika preraka mAnA gayA hai| jaba hama zarIra ke rahate hue AtmA kA anubhava nahIM karate haiM to hameM vibhinna gatiyoM meM gamana karanA par3atA hai|11 kenopaniSad ke anusAra vaha vyakti jo zarIra ke rahate hue AtmAnubhava ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA vaha vinAza kI ora calA jAtA hai| 112 isI taraha gItA kahatI hai ki janma-maraNa ke cakra meM vaha vyakti pha~sA rahatA hai jo parama jJAna ke prati zraddhA nahIM rakhatA hai|13 ve vyakti jinhoMne AtmAnubhava kara liyA hai isa kSaNabhaMgura aura duHkhapUrNa janma ko prApta nahIM karate haiN|114 ata: isa duHkhamaya aura anitya saMsAra meM Akara vyakti ko AdhyAtmika satya prApta karane kA prayatna karanA caahie|115 isa preraka kI tulanA jainadarzana ke AvAgamana ke preraka se kI jA sakatI hai| AcArAMga ke anusAra "jo vyakti sAMsArika sukhoM meM Asakta hote haiM ve bAra-bAra.janma lete haiM"116 aura "jo ajJAna se to mukta nahIM hote aura mokSa kI bAta karate haiM ve janma-maraNa ke cakra meM ghUmate haiN|"117 uttarAdhyayana meM kahA gayA hai ki mRgAputra ke pitA usake saMnyAsa grahaNa karane ko nirutsAhita karate haiN|18 to mRgAputra kahatA hai ki 111. kaThopaniSad, 2/3/4 112. kenopaniSad, 2/5, bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 4/4/14 113. bhagavadgItA, 9/2, 3 114. bhagavadgItA, 8/15 115. bhagavadgItA, 9/33 116. AcArAMga, 1/4/1 pRSTha 36 117. AcArAMga, 1/5/1 pRSTha 43 118. uttarAdhyayana, 19/24-42 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (21) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #56
* "vaha isa saMsAra meM jo ki vRddhAvasthA aura mRtyu kA ghara hai, kaI bAra janma-maraNa kara cukA hai|''119 paramAtmaprakAza kA kathana hai ki jisa vyakti ne puNya ekatrita nahIM kiyA hai aura tapoM kA pAlana nahIM kiyA hai usako naraka meM giranA hogaa|120 yaha eka prakAra se apane Apako dhokhA denA hai yadi manuSya janma ko tapa karane ke lie upayogI nahIM banAyA gayA hai| AtmA taba taka asaMkhya janmoM meM pha~sI rahatI hai jaba taka usameM sarvocca jJAna kA udaya nahIM hotA hai|121. .. tRtIya, maitrI upaniSad zArIrika apavitratA ke preraka kA ullekha karatA hai| usake anusAra yaha asArabhUta zarIra haDDI, mA~sa aura raktAdi se banA huA hai| aise zarIra meM icchAoM kI tRpti se kyA lAbha?122 gItA zArIrika apavitratA ke bAre meM mauna hai| AtmAnuzAsana meM guNabhadra kA kahanA hai ki isa zarIra ke prati rAga nahIM karanA cAhie kyoMki yaha eka kArAgRha hai jo haDDI, mA~sa Adi ghRNita vastuoM se banA huA hai| zarIra saba burAiyoM kI paramparA kA AdhAra hai|123 paramAtmaprakAza kA kahanA hai ki yaha zarIra apavitra vastuoM se bharA huA hai aura usakA zRMgAra duSTa AdamI kA pakSa lene ke samAna vyartha hai|124 svayaMbhUstotra ke anusAra zarIra apanI kriyA ke lie AtmA para nirbhara hai, yaha ghRNita hai, vinAzazIla hai, du:khoM kA kAraNa hai| ata: usake prati rAga rakhanA kAryakArI nahIM hai|125 119. uttarAdhyayana, 19/46 120. paramAtmaprakAza, 2/133, 135 121. paramAtmaprakAza, 2/123 122. Maitri-Upanisad,1/3 (Translation vide 'Principal Upanisads' 123. AtmAnuzAsana, 59 124. paramAtmaprakAza, 2/148, 149 125. svayaMbhUstotra, 32 (22) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #57
zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra kA mahattva manuSya ko AtmAnubhava ke mArga para preraNA denevAle prerakoM para hamane vicAra kiyA hai| aba hama usa mArga para vicAra kareMge jo hameM AtmAnubhUti kI prApti karAne meM sahayogI hotA hai| dUsare zabdoM meM sAdhaka ko isa prakAra kA jIvana jInA apekSita hai jisase naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa kI bAdhAoM ko jItA jA ske| AdhyAtmika jIvana meM vikAsa ke lie pahalI AvazyakatA zraddhA hai| kaThopaniSad kA kathana hai ki mana, vANI aura cakSuoM se brahma prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| vaha usa samaya taka prApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA hai jaba taka koI yaha nahIM kahatA hai ki 'vaha hai|126 jaba taka vaha usake astitva ko pUrNatayA mAna nahIM letA taba taka vaha Izvara ko prApta nahIM kara sktaa|127 praznopaniSad kA kathana hai ki AtmA zraddhA, jJAna, tapa aura brahmacarya se khojI jA sakatI hai|128 ata: kevala zraddhA hI nahIM kintu jJAna aura cAritra bhI mokSa ke mArga kA nirmANa karate haiN| gItA ke anusAra vaha manuSya jisako parama satya meM zraddhA nahIM hai vaha janma-maraNa ke cakra meM hI ghUmatA hai| ve vyakti jinako pUrNa zraddhA hai ve baMdhana se mukta ho jAte haiM jaba ki azraddhAvAna saMsAra meM bhaTakate haiN|130 kevala ve hI vyakti jo zraddhAvAna haiM; jJAna meM lIna haiM aura jinhoMne apanI indriyoM ko jIta liyA hai ve parama zAnti prApta karate haiN|131 126. kaThopaniSad, 2/3/12 127. kaThopaniSad, 2/3/13 128. praznopaniSad, 1/10 129. bhagavadgItA, 9/3 130. bhagavadgItA, 3/31, 4/40 131. bhagavadgItA, 4/39 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (23) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #58
jainadharma ke anusAra mokSa kI prApti samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra para nirbhara hai| 132 yahA~ yaha jAnanA cAhie ki upaniSad aura gItA meM usa parama AtmA meM zraddhA joki vizva kA AdhAra hai vaha andara kI AtmA se tAdAtmya rakhatA hai kintu jainadharma meM usa lokAtIta AtmA meM zraddhA jo kevala hamAre zarIra meM hai vaha samyagzraddhA hai| yogIndu kA kathana hai ki AtmA samyagdarzana hai| 1 33 isa bheda ke hote hue bhI sabhI paramparAe~ * AtmajAgrati aura divyatva kI prApti meM vizvAsa karatI haiN| . ' zraddhA ko hRdayaMgama karane ke pazcAt jJAnaM aura cAritra ko grahaNa karane kA uddezya banAyA jAnA cAhie / muNDakopaniSad ke anusAra AtmA jo zarIra ke andara hai, kAntimaya hai, zuddha hai, jo AvazyakarUpa se ucita jJAna, satya, tapa aura brahmacarya ke dvArA prApta kI jA sakatI hai| 134 isake atirikta yaha unake dvArA anubhava kI jA sakatI haiM jinhoMne sabhI doSoM aura sabhI icchAoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai| 135 kevala bauddhika jJAna paryApta nahIM hai, yaha kahIM nahIM pahu~cAtA hai| kaThopaniSad kA mAnanA hai ki AtmA na to pravacana ke dvArA, na sUkSma buddhi ke dvArA aura na adhika sIkhane ke dvArA prApta kI jA sakatI hai / 1 36 vaha jo pApa kriyAoM se nivRtta nahIM huA hai jisakA mana zAnta aura saMtulita nahIM hai vaha gahana 132. tattvArthasUtra, 1 / 1 133. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/96 134. muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/5 135. muNDakopaniSad, 3 / 1 /5 kaThopaniSad, 2/3/14 136. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/23 muNDakopaniSad, 3/2/3 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (24) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #59
buddhi ke hote hue bhI AtmA ko prApta nahIM kara sakatA hai|'' muNDakopaniSad kA kathana hai ki AtmA kA anubhava usa vyakti ko prApta nahIM ho sakatA jo zaktihIna yA akarmaNya yA anucita tapasyA se yukta hai|138 gItA ke anusAra jo jJAna cakSuvAle haiM ve hI anta:sthita AtmA ko dekha sakate haiN|139 jJAna tIna prakAra kA mAnA gayA hai| sAttvika jJAna sAre astitva meM eka aparivartanIya sattA ko dekhatA hai, usakA bheda rAjasa se kiyA jAnA cAhie jo astitva kI vividhatA ko dekhatA hai aura tAmasa se bhI kiyA jAnA cAhie jo eka vastu ko hI pUrNa mAnakara dekhatA hai|140 gItA ke anusAra sAttvika jJAna ucita jJAna hai| anuzAsanahIna vyakti ke dvArA divya avasthA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI hai|41 aura pApa karmoM ko karanevAle jo mAyA se bhramita haiM aura jo duSTa svabhAvavAle haiM ve ucca avasthA prApta nahIM kara sakate jaba ki zAMti unake dvArA anubhava kI jA sakatI hai jinhoMne sabhI icchAoM ko tyAga diyA hai aura jo Asakti, abhimAna aura svArtha se rahita hai|142 icchA krodha ko utpanna karatI hai aura jJAna ko DhaMka detI hai, pariNAmasvarUpa vaha AtmA kI nitya zatru hai|143 137. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/24 138.. . muNDakopaniSad, 3/2/4 139. bhagavadgItA, 15/10 140. bhagavadgItA, 18/20, 21, 22 141. bhagavadgItA, 15/11 142. bhagavadgItA, 7/15, 2/71 143. bhagavadgItA, 3/37, 38, 39 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (25) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #60
mokSapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki cetana aura acetana ke bheda kA jJAna samyagjJAna hai|144 inakA bheda jainadarzana ke tAttvika cintana ke anurUpa hai| akelA na to jJAna aura na hI tapa lAbhadAyaka hai lekina donoM ke saMyukta hone para hI mokSa prApta hotA hai145 aura adhika spaSTa kareM to zIla aura jJAna eka dUsare ke virodhI nahIM haiM balki samyagzraddhA, jJAna, tapa, AtmasaMyama, satya, acaurya, brahmacarya, saMtoSa aura prANiyoM ke lie karuNA- ye sabhI zIla ke parivAra haiN|146 kevala usa yogI ke dvArA hI AtmA kA anubhava kiyA jA sakatA hai jo pazu-pravRttiyoM 47 se alaga . hai aura jisane sabhI doSoM ko chor3a diyA hai| 48 vaha cAritrarUpI talavAra se pAparUpI khaMbhoM ko kATa detA hai|149 vyAkaraNa, chaMda aura nyAya ke jJAna se zIla adhika mahattva kA mAnA gayA hai|150 para se saMbaMdhita mAnasika avasthA ko tyAge binA zAstroM kA jJAna bhI upayogI nahIM hai|151 mUlAcAra kA kathana hai ki zAstra kA jJAna anAsakti ke binA vyartha hotA hai jaise aMdhe manuSya ke hAtha meM dIpaka hotA hai|152 yogasAra ke anusAra anAsakti ke binA bauddhika adhyayana, pustakoM ko rakhanA aura dhArmika sthAna meM rahanA dharma nahIM kahA jA sakatA hai|153 jo vyakti rAga 144. mokSapAhuDa, 41 145. mokSapAhuDa, 59 146. zIlapAhuDa, 2, 19 147. mokSapAhaDa, 66 148. bhAvapAhuDa, 85 149. bhAvapAhuDa, 159 150. zIlapAhuDa, 16 151. yogasAra, 96 152. mUlAcAra, 894, 933 153. yogasAra, 47 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #61
dveSa ko tyAgatA hai, AtmA ko nivAsa-sthAna mAnatA hai vaha zAzvata gati kI ora gamana karatA hai| 154 mokSapAhuDa ke anusAra jo krodha, mAna, mAyA aura lobha se mukta hai, jo parigraha, Asakti, sAMsArika pApakarmoM se rahita hai, jisane parISahoM ko sahana kiyA hai vaha mokSamArga meM sthita hai aura sarvocca Ananda ko prApta karatA hai / 155 ataH cAritra kA mahattva spaSTa haiN| cAritra kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa- pApoM aura kaSAyoM kA parivarjana cAritra ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa kA saMbaMdha pApoM aura kaSAyoM ke zuddhIkaraNa, indriyoM ke jItane aura mana ke saMyama se hai| chAndogyopaniSad kA kathana hai ki suvarNa kI corI karanevAle, madyapAna karanevAle aura unakI saMgati karanevAle patita hote haiN| 156 praznopaniSad kA mata hai ki jo na to kuTila haiM, na jhUTha bolanevAle haiM aura na hI kapaTI haiM unako brahma kI anubhUti hotI hai| 157 isa prakAra cora, zarAbI, vyabhicArI, jhUThe, kapaTI aura unakI saMgati karanevAle sabhI naSTa ho jAte haiN| jainadharma ke anusAra AtmAnubhava ke mArga ke yAtrI ko madya, mAMsa, madhu, hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha kA kRta, kArita aura anumodanA se tyAga karanA cAhie | 158 gItA ke anusAra AsurI saMpadA ke antargata pAkhaNDa, ahaMkAra, krodha, kaTuvacana aura ajJAna sammilita haiN| 159 AsurI vRttivAle pravRtti 154. yogasAra, 48 155. mokSapAhuDa, 45, 80 156. chAndogyopaniSad, 5/10/9 157. praznopaniSad, 1/1/16 158. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 66 159. bhagavadgItA, 16/4 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (27)

Page #62
aura nivRtti meM bheda nahIM jAnate haiM, unameM na zauca, na AcAra aura na satya hI hotA hai|160 kaThinatA se pUrNa honevAlI kAmanAoM meM lInatA aura moha ke vazIbhUta anucita vicAra, azuddha saMkalpoM se kArya karanA- ye sabhI AsurI sampadAvAle haiN| saikar3oM AzApAzoM se baMdhe hue, kAmakrodha meM phaMse hue aura anucita tarIkoM se icchAoM kI pUrti ke lie dhana kA saMgraha karate hue, apane Apako rAjA mAnate hue, dhana aura janma kA ahaMkAra karate hue, lobhI aura hiMsaka bane hue manuSya- sabhI AsurI sampadA ke antargata haiN|161 aise loga jagata ko binA AdhAra ke mAnate haiM. aura Izvara ko ayathArtha mAnate haiN| ve paramasattA se jo unameM aura dUsaroM meM chipI huI haiM ghRNA karate haiN|162 yadi vikAsa karanA hai to uparyukta sabhI pApa pravRttiyA~ tyAgI jAnI caahie| jainadharma ke anusAra azubha Asrava kI tulanA AsurI saMpadA se kI jA sakatI hai| cAra prakAra kI saMjJA,163 tIna prakAra kI azubha lezyA, indriya-Asakti, Arta va raudra dhyAna, jJAna kA anucita prayoga, moha164 aura teraha prakAra kI kaSAyeM,165 aura hiMsA, jhUTha, corI, kuzIla aura parigraha azubha Asrava ke antargata sammilita haiN| chaha lezyAoM166 meM prathama tIna azubha haiM aura aMtima tIna zubha haiN| aba hama tIna prakAra kI 160. bhagavadgItA, 16/7, 10, 11 161. bhagavadgItA, 16/12, 13, 14, 15 162. bhagavadgItA, 16/8, 18 163. AhAra, bhaya, maithuna aura parigraha 164. paJcAstikAya, 40 165. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/9 krodha, mAna, mAyA, lobha, hAsya, rati, arati, zoka, bhaya, jugupsA, puruSaveda, strIveda aura napuMsakaveda 166. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 493 (28) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #63
azubha lezyAoM kA varNana kareMge kyoMki ve AsurI saMpadA se mela rakhatI haiN| kRSNa lezyA - tIvra krodhI, vaira rakhanevAlA, jhagar3Alu, duSTa, dayA va karuNA se rahita vyakti kRSNa lezyAvAlA hotA hai| 167 nIla lezyA - jo AlasI ho, abhimAnI ho, mAyAcArI ho, lAlacI ho, dhokhebAja ho, nidrAlu ho, indriya-viSayoM ke lie icchuka ho- vaha nIla lezyAvAlA hotA hai| 168 kApota lezyA - jo dUsaroM para krodha karatA ho, zoka karatA ho, DaratA ho, dUsaroM kI nindA karatA ho, IrSyAlu ho, dUsaroM ko satAtA ho, cApalUsoM se prasanna hotA ho, apane lAbha-hAni ko na samajhatA ho, apanA prazaMsaka ho, cApalUsoM ko dhana detA ho, dUsaroM kA vizvAsa na karatA ho- ye sabhI kApota lezyA ke lakSaNa haiN| 169 ATha prakAra ke mada haiM jo AsurI saMpadA meM sammilita kiye jA sakate haiM- jJAna mada, pratiSThA mada, kula mada, jAti mada, bala mada, Rddhi mada yA vidyA mada, tapa mada aura zarIra mada- 170 ina sabako tyAganA caahie| gItA se itanI samAnatA hote hue bhI jainadharma paramAtmA ko jagata meM svIkAra nahIM karatA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra pratyeka AtmA paramAtmA hai| cAritra kA niSedhAtmaka pakSa- indriya aura mana kA saMyama kaThopaniSad kA kathana hai ki jo buddhi rUpI sArathi avivekI evaM asaMyata citta se yukta hotA hai usake adhIna indriyA~ usI prakAra nahIM rahatI jaise sArathi ke adhIna duSTa ghor3e / " AtmA ko zarIrarUpI ratha kA 171 167. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 509 168. gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 510, 511 169. 170. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, 25 171. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/5 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, 512, 513, 514 For Personal & Private Use Only (29)

Page #64
mAlika, buddhi ko sArathi, mana ko lagAma, indriyoM ko ghor3e, viSayoM ko unakA mArga, mana aura indriyoM se yukta AtmA ko 'bhoktA' kahA gayA hai|172 jo vyakti kuzala aura dRr3ha cittavAlA hotA hai usake adhIna indriyA~ usI prakAra rahatI haiM jaise sArathi ke adhIna ghodd'e|173 isalie vaha janma-maraNa ke cakra ko samApta kara detA hai aura usa paramapada ko prApta kara letA hai jahA~ se saMsAra meM vApasa nahIM AnA hai|174 bRhadAraNyaka, kena aura taittirIyopaniSad bhI AtmasaMyama aura Atmavijaya ko. prastAvita karate haiN|175 gItA ke anusAra indriyA~, mana aura buddhi icchA ke nivAsa sthAna haiN| inake dvArA ve jJAna ko AcchAdita karake saMsArI AtmA ko mohita karatI haiN|176 indriyA~ tathA indriya-viSayoM ke prati rAga-dveSa AtmA ke zatru haiN|177 indriya-viSayoM kA cintana karanevAle kI una viSayoM meM Asakti ho jAtI hai, Asakti se icchA utpanna hotI hai, icchA ke rokane para krodha utpanna hotA hai,178 krodha ke prabhAva se moha paidA hotA hai, moha ke kAraNa smRti kA nAza hotA hai, smRti se buddhi kA vinAza hotA hai aura buddhi ke vinAza se vaha svayaM naSTa ho jAtA hai|179 172. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/3, 4 173. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/6 174. kaThopaniSad, 1/3/8, 9 175. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 5/2/1 __ kenopaniSad, 4/4/8 taittirIyopaniSad, 1/9 176. bhagavadgItA, 3/40 177. bhagavadgItA, 3/34 178. bhagavadgItA, 2/62 179. bhagavadgItA, 2/63 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism nti For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #65
mana bar3A caMcala, krodhI, dRr3ha aura balavAna hai usako rokanA vAyu ko rokane ke samAna AsAna nahIM hai| abhyAsa aura anAsakti se mana ko rokA jAnA cAhie,180 indriyoM ko saMyama meM rakhA jAnA cAhie aura icchAoM kA unmUlana kiyA jAnA caahie| jo vyakti icchAoM ko jIte binA indriyoM ko bAhya kriyAoM se rokatA hai vaha kevala mithyAcArI hotA hai|182 jainadharma ke anusAra indriyoM, icchAoM aura mana kA saMyama sarvocca pragati ke lie Avazyaka hai| manarUpI baMdara ko indriya-viSayoM meM jAte hue jo roka letA hai usako icchita phala kI prApti ho jAtI hai|183 vAstava meM jo asaphala ho jAtA hai usake lie zAstra kA adhyayana, tapa karanA, vrata pAlanA aura zArIrika tapa- ye sabhI vyartha ho jAte haiN|184 indriyarUpI U~ToM ko DhIlA nahIM chor3anA cAhie, kyoMki sukharUpI ghAsa ko carane ke pazcAt ve phira AtmA ko punarjanma meM le jAte haiN| 85 ata: netA arthAt mana ko pakar3a lene para anya sabhI indriyA~ vaza meM kara lI jAtI haiM kyoMki jar3a ko ukhAr3ane para pattiyA~ Avazyaka rUpa se murajhA jAtI haiN| 86 icchA hI indriyoM ko madirA kI taraha uttejita karatI hai|187 phira indriya-viSayoM kI icchA krodhAdi kaSAyoM ko utpanna 180. bhagavadgItA, 6/34, 35 181. . bhagavadgItA, 3/41 182. bhagavadgItA, 3/6 183. jJAnArNava, 22/23 184. jJAnArNava, 22/28 185. paramAtmaprakAza, 2/136 186. paramAtmaprakAza, 2/140 187. jJAnArNava, 17/7 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (31) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #66
karatI haiN| 188 ye kaSAyeM jo rAgadveSa ke rUpa meM pragaTa hotI haiM ve mana ko mohita kara detI haiM aura sthiratA se DigA detI haiN| 189 manarUpI pakSI rAgadveSarUpI paMkhoM ke kaTa jAne se ur3ane meM asamartha hotA hai / 190 rAgadveSarUpI bIja moha hI hai jo jJAna ko Dha~ka detA hai, pariNAmasvarUpa vastuoM kA vAstavika svarUpa chipA rahatA hai / " 191 cAritra kA sakArAtmaka pakSa- sadguNoM kA vikAsa aba hama cAritra ke sakArAtmaka pakSa para vicAra kreNge| bRhadAraNyakopaniSad ke anusAra AtmasaMyama ke atirikta dAna aura dayA kA pAlana kiyA jAnA caahie| 192 chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra tapa, dAna, Arjava (saralatA) aura satyavacana kA pAlana karttavya hai| 193 kucha upaniSad brahmacarya ke pAlana ko bhI prastAvita karate haiN| 194 taittirIyopaniSad ke anusAra sadAcaraNa kA pAlana aura pavitra graMthoM kA adhyayana- ye hI sadguNa haiN| 195 jaba ziSya adhyayana karane ke pazcAt guru se vidA letA hai taba usako parAmarza diyA jAtA hai ki vaha satya bole, niyamoM kA Adara kare, pavitra graMthoM ke adhyayana meM pramAda na kare, kalyANa ke mArga aura 188. jJAnArNava, 22/2 189. jJAnArNava, 23/7 190. jJAnArNava, 23/27 191. jJAnArNava, 23/30 192. iSTopadeza, 7 bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, 5/2/3 193. chAndogyopaniSad, 3/17/4 194. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/15 praznopaniSad, 1/1/15 195. taittirIyopaniSad, 1/9 (32) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #67
vikAsa ke sAdhanoM se na gire, vaha mAtA kA, pitA kA, guru kA va atithi kA sammAna kare, nirdoSa kriyAe~ kare aura apane guru ke ucca AcaraNa kA anukaraNa kre| gItA meM ullikhita daivI sampadA yA sadguNa'97 ko hama vibhinna vargoM meM bA~Ta sakate haiM jisase jainadharma kI sadguNoM kI dhAraNA se tulanA kI jA ske| (1) prathama varga- indriya-viSayoM se apane ko haTAnA aura mana-vacana-kAya aura buddhi kA sNym| (2) dvitIya varga- dAna, zAnti, karuNA aura AcArya upaasnaa| (3) tRtIya varga- ahiMsA, satyavacana, aparigraha, tyAga aura doSa dekhane kA abhaav| isI ke antargata kAmavAsanA se mukti, krodha, ahaMkAra, lobha aura bhaya sammilita haiN| (4) caturtha varga- kSamA, udAratA, zuddhatA, tapa, vinaya, zAstrAdhyayana, AdhyAtmika jJAna, vyavahAra meM srltaa| (5) pA~cavA~ varga- janma-maraNa, vRddhAvasthA aura roga kI burAiyoM ko smjhnaa| isake antargata dhyAna, saMyama, dhairya, dRr3hatA, anAsakti, AdhyAtmika anubhava, ekAnta meM ruci, bhIr3a meM aruci, caMcalatA kA abhAva, mana kI pavitratA, rAga-dveSa se mukti va sabhI iSTa aura aniSTa ghaTanAoM meM samatA bhaav| . tIna prakAra ke tapa arthAt sAttvika, rAjasa aura tAmasa gItA dvArA ullikhita haiN| (1) sAttvika tapa tIna prakAra ke hote haiM arthAt . zArIrika, vAcika aura maansik| (i) zArIrika tapa- pavitratA, brahmacarya, ahiMsA, Arjava (vyavahAra meM saralatA), jJAnI aura AdhyAtmika guru 196. taittirIyopaniSad, 1/11 197. bhagavadgItA, 13/7, 8, 9, 10, 11; 17/1, 2, 3; 18/51, 52, 53 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (33) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #68
kI puujaa| (ii) vAcika tapa- zAstra svAdhyAya, anAkramaka, hitakArI aura satya vcn| (iii) mAnasika tapa- zAnti, mauna, AtmasaMyama, mana kI prasannatA aura vicAroM kI pvitrtaa|198 (2) tapa jo dikhAve yA Adara prApta karane ke lie kiyA jAtA hai rAjasa hotA hai|199 (3) tapa jo moha ke vazIbhUta kiyA jAtA hai, apane Apa ko yA dUsare ko kaSTa dene ke lie kiyA jAtA hai vaha tAmasa hotA hai|200 - tIna prakAra kA dAna isa prakAra hai- (1) sAttvika dAna- jo dAna karttavya samajhakara tathA sthAna, samaya aura pAtra ke anusAra tathA binA kisI apekSA ke diyA jAtA hai|201 (2) rAjasa dAna- jo dAna anicchApUrvaka, apekSA bhAva tathA svArtha ke vazIbhUta diyA jAtA hai|202 (3) tAmasa dAna- jo dAna ghRNApUrvaka, binA Adara ke aura samaya, sthAna tathA pAtra ke binA vicAre diyA jAtA hai|203 tIna prakAra kA tyAga isa prakAra hai- (1) sAttvika tyAgadAna, tapa aura anAsaktipUrvaka krm|204 (2-3) rAjasa va tAmasa tyAgaajJAnavaza kriyAoM ko tyAganA aura duHkha kA bhaya rakhanA kramaza: rAjasa aura tAmasa tyAga kahalAte haiN|205 198. bhagavadgItA, 17/14, 15, 16, 17 199. bhagavadgItA, 17/18 200. bhagavadgItA, 17/5, 6, 19 201. bhagavadgItA, 17/20 202. bhagavadgItA, 17/21 203. bhagavadgItA, 17/22 204. bhagavadgItA, 18/6 205. bhagavadgItA, 18/7, 8 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #69
yadi hama jainadharma kI upaniSadoM se tulanA kareM to hama yaha pAte haiM ki donoM ne svAdhyAya ko sarvottama tapa kahA hai|206 jainadharma ahiMsA ko AdhArabhUta siddhAnta mAnatA hai kintu upaniSad satya ke pakSa meM sabase adhika hai| gRhastha jo brahmacaryANuvrata, satyANuvrata tathA atithisaMvibhAgavata kA pAlana karatA hai vaha lagabhaga upaniSadoM ke dvArA ziSya ke lie nirdezita hai| gItA se tulanA karane para hama pAte haiM ki prathama cAra vargoM kI tulanA jainadharma meM prastAvita vibhinna sadguNoM se kI jA sakatI hai arthAt tIna gupti (mano-gupti, vacana-gupti, kAya-gupti) indriyoM kA saMyama, zubhAsrava ke kAraNa, solaha prakAra kI bhAvanAe~, kaSAyoM se mukti, pA~ca vrata arthAt ahiMsA, asteya, brahmacarya, aparigraha aura satya tathA dasa dharma arthAt kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, satya, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brhmcry| pA~caveM varga kI tulanA hama AdhyAtmika jIvana ke lie kucha prerakoM se kara sakate haiM:07 tathA jJAna, cAritra, adhyayana, dhyAna, tapa kA mahattva,208 ekAnta, dhairya, sukha va duHkha meM samAna rahanA tathA rAga, dveSa va moha ko jItane se bhI kara sakate haiN|209 sAtvika tapa kI tulanA jainadharma meM varNita aMtaraMga tapa se kI jA sakatI hai| gItA ke tapa kA vistAra jainadharma ke aMtaraMga va bAhya tapa ke anusAra nahIM hai| jainadharma ke anusAra tapa kA mukhya uddezya devatva ko prakaTa karanA hai| ata: rAjasa aura tAmasa tapa jainadharma ke dRSTikoNa se mAnya nahIM haiN| 206. mUlAcAra, 409 207. (1) anitya vastuoM kI preraka (anityAnuprekSA), (2) anivArya rUpa se mRtyu kI preraka (AsravAnuprekSA), (3) AvAgamana kI preraka saMsArAnuprekSA), (4) zArIrika azuddhatA kI preraka (azuci-anuprekSA) 208. mUlAcAra, 968 209. mUlAcAra, 950, 816, 880 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (35) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #70
.. atithisaMvibhAgavata10 aura gItA kA sAttvika dAna samAna haiN| yaha dhyAna denA mahattva kA hai ki sAre zubha kArya mAyA, mithyA aura nidAna-211 (sAMsArika lAbha kI icchA) rahita hokara karanA caahiye| sAMsArika lAbha kI icchA yadyapi nindita kI gayI hai kintu AdhyAtmika lAbha kI prazaMsA kI gayI hai-12 jisase sabhI sadguNa utpanna hote haiN| cAritra kA sakArAtmaka pakSa- dhyAna muNDakopaniSad dhyAna kA mahattva batAte hue kahatA hai ki na to netroM se, na vANI se, na dUsarI indriyoM se, na tapa se, na kisI karma se paramAtmA grahaNa kiyA jA sakatA hai kintu zuddha anta:karaNavAlA vyakti dhyAna se hI paramAtmA kA anubhava kara pAtA hai|213 zvetAzvataropaniSad ke anusAra paramAtmA kA nirantara dhyAna karane se, mana ko usameM lagAye rakhane se mAyA kI nivRtti ho jAtI hai|214 bhagavadgItA ke anusAra U~cAIyoM para car3hane ke lie yogI ko saba icchAoM ko, aura parigraha ko tilAMjali denI caahiye| vaha mana aura indriyoM ko jIte aura ekAnta meM binA kisI bAdhA ke paramezvara kA dhyAna kre|15 mokSapAhuDa kahatA hai ki jo saMsArarUpI bhayAnaka samudra ko pAra karanA cAhatA hai vaha saba kaSAyoM ko tyAgakara sAMsArika vyastatAoM se apane Apako dUra karake aura mauna dhAraNa karake zuddha AtmA kA dhyAna 210. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21, 38, 39 211. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/18 212. amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 20, 21, 22 213. muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/8 214. zvetAzvetaropaniSad, 1/1/10 215. bhagavadgItA, 6/10, 23, 24, 25, 26 (36) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #71
kare | 216 bhAvapAhuDa ke anusAra dhyAna ke dvArA saMsArarUpI vRkSa kA jar3a se unmUlana kiyA jA sakatA hai 217 jisa prakAra eka dIpaka jo havA se bAdhA-rahita hai vaha jalatA rahatA hai usI prakAra jJAna kA dIpaka Asakti rUpI vRkSa ke abhAva meM jalatA rahatA hai| 218 paramAtmaprakAza kA kathana hai ki AtmA jo zAstroM aura indriyoM dvArA nahIM jAnA jA sakatA hai vaha kevala dhyAna dvArA prApta hotA hai| 219 naitika anuzAsana aura tapoM kA pAlana karate hue tathA AgamoM kA vistRta adhyayana hote hue bhI AdhyAtmika jIvana meM saphalatA dhyAna ke binA prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI hai|220 jainadharma, gItA aura upaniSad dhyAna ko saphalatApUrvaka karane ke lie ucita sthAna, ucita Asana aura ucita samaya para samAna rUpa se vicAra karate haiN| cAritra kA sakArAtmaka pakSa - bhakti upaniSadoM meM bhakti ke bAre meM pro. rAnADe kA dRSTikoNa isa prakAra hai- unakA kathana hai " upaniSadoM kA zuSka buddhivAda aura cintanAtmaka dRSTi upasthita hai jo bhagavadgItA ke yuga meM samApta hotI hai 221 aura vahA~ para paramasattA kA anubhava karane ke lie saguNa aura nirguNa bhakti ko sAdhana mAne gaye haiN|" 222 avicala bhakti tIna guNoM (sAttvika, 216. mokSapAhuDa, 26, 27, 28 217. bhAvapAhuDa, 122 218. bhAvapAhuDa, 123 219. 220. 221. 222. paramAtmaprakAza, 1/23 amitagati zrAvakAcAra, 96 Constructive Survey of Upanisadic philosophy, P. 198 bhagavadgItA, 12/2, 5; 11/53, 54 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (37)

Page #72
* rAjasa aura tAmasa) se pare jAne ke lie Avazyaka hai|23 cAra prakAra ke bhakta ginAye gaye haiM arthAt Arta bhakta (sAMsArika padArthoM ke lie bhakti karanevAlA), jijJAsu bhakta (yathArtha rUpa se jAnane kI icchA se bhakti karanevAlA), arthArthI bhakta (saMkaTa nivAraNa ke lie bhakti karanevAlA) aura jJAnI bhakta (niSkAmI bhkt)|224 inameM se jJAnI bhakta sabase uttama mAnA gayA hai| gItA kahatI hai ki ucca vikAsa ke lie bhakti ko TAlA . nahIM jA sakatA hai| jainadharma meM bhakti ko solaha prakAra kI bhAvanAoM meM mahattvapUrNa sthAna diyA gayA hai|225 muni ke SaT AvazyakoM ke lie,226 gRhastha ke dvArA pratidina kI jAnevAlI jinapUjA ke lie tathA AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie bhakti ko Avazyaka mAnA gayA hai| mokSapAhuDa kA kahanA hai ki deva aura guru kI bhakti meM lIna honevAlA mokSa ke mArga para sthita hai|227 isa prakAra kI bhakti ko saguNa bhakti kahA jA sakatA hai aura nirguNa bhakti kI tulanA dhyAna se kI jA sakatI hai| gItA ke nimna tIna prakAra ke bhakta- Arta, jijJAsu aura arthArthI kI tulanA jainadharma kI nidAnapUrvaka bhakti se kI jA sakatI hai| jainadharma meM pratipAdita hai ki bhakti binA Izvara ke astitva ke saMbhava hai| 223. bhagavadgItA, 14/26 224. bhagavadgItA, 7/16, 17 225. solaha prakAra kI bhAvanAe~-(1) darzanavizuddhi, (2) vinayasampannatA, (3) zIla vrateSvanaticAra, (4) abhIkSNajJAnopayoga, (5) saMvega, (6) zaktitastyAga, (7) zaktitastapa, (8) sAdhu-samAdhi, (9) vaiyAvRttya, (10) arhanta bhakti, (11) AcArya bhakti, (12) bahazruta bhakti, (13) pravacana bhakti, (14) AvazyakAparihAra, (15) mArgaprabhAvanA aura (16) prvcnvaatsly| 226. chaha Avazyaka- (1) sAmAyika, (2) stuti, (3) vaMdanA , (4) pratikramaNa, (5) pratyAkhyAna aura (6) kaayotsrg| 227. mokSapAhuDa, 52, 82 (38) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #73
yoga yA dhyAna ke zArIrika aura AdhyAtmika prabhAva aura prasAda kA tattva ujjvala rUpa, madhura vANI, zarIra meM acchI gandha kA honA, halkA aura svastha zarIra, indriyAsakti se nivRtti- ye sabhI yoga yA dhyAna ke zArIrika prabhAva haiN|228 AdhyAtmika prabhAva haiM- sabhI prakAra ke duHkhoM aura zArIrika baMdhanoM se chUTa jAnA jisakA pariNAma brahma kA anubhava hai|29 lekina isa prApti se pahale IzvarIya prasAda Avazyaka hai| muNDakopaniSad kahatA hai ki AtmA kI anubhUti kevala usI ko hotI hai jisako Izvara svIkAra kara letA hai|30 jaba taka paramAtmA kA prasAda prApta na ho taba taka IzvarIya anubhUti nahIM ho sktii|31 gItA ke anusAra jo yoga meM saphala hote haiM unako AdhyAtmika prabhAva ke rUpa meM parama zAnti kA anubhava hotA hai aura jo yoga ke apUrNa abhyAsa ke kAraNa asaphala ho jAte haiM ke svarga meM paidA hote haiM, tatpazcAt ve samRddha vyaktiyoM ke ghara meM yA yogiyoM ke kula meM paidA hote haiM aura aMta meM prayatna ke phalasvarUpa mukti prApta karate haiN|232 uccatama avasthA prApta karane se pahale IzvarIya prasAda Avazyaka hai|233 228. zvetAzvetaropaniSad, 2/2/13 229. zvetAzvetaropaniSad; 2/2/14, 15 230. . muNDakopaniSad, 3/2/3 kaThopaniSad, 1/2/23 231. Constructive Survey of Upanisadic philosophy, P.345 232. bhagavadgItA, 6/15, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 18/56, 58, 62 233. bhagavadgItA, 18/56, 58, 62 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (39) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #74
mokSapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki paradravya (AtmA ke atirikta sabhI vastuoM) se bhinna svadravya (zuddhAtmA) ke dhyAna se mokSa prApta hotA hai jo tIrthaMkara kA mArga hai|234 yadi kucha kamiyoM ke kAraNa mokSa prApta nahIM bhI hotA hai to svarga avazya prApta kiyA jAtA hai| vahA~ se lauTane ke pazcAt samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra kA pAlana karane se sAdhaka mokSa ko prApta kara skeNge|235 aisA vyakti isa saMsAra meM jJAna, dhairya, sampannatA, svAsthya, saMtoSa, zakti aura sundara zarIra prApta karatA hai|236 jainadharma meM IzvarIya prasAda kA siddhAnta mAnya nahIM hai237 kyoMki vahA~ tIrthaMkara se Upara koI Izvara nahIM hai aura tIrthaMkara bhI rAga-dveSa se mukta haiN| isalie IzvarIya prasAda jaina dRSTikoNa se amAnya hai, kevala dhyAna ke prayAsa se hI antata: nirvANa kI prApti hotI hai| pUrNatA-prApta rahasyavAdI kI vizeSatAe~ __prathama, kaThopaniSad aura muNDakopaniSad kA kathana hai ki cUMki pUrNatA prApta rahasyavAdI ne AtmA kA anubhava kiyA hai:38 isalie vaha apanI AtmA se sabhI prakAra kI icchAoM ko tyAgane meM saphala huA hai|239 isa prakAra vaha AtmA kA AtmA ke dvArA paripUrNa saMtoSa prApta 234. mokSapAhuDa, 17, 18, 19 235. mokSapAhuDa, 20, 77 jJAnArNava, 41/26, 27 236. tattvAnuzAsana, 198 237. mUlAcAra, 567 kaThopaniSad, 2/3/14 muNDakopaniSad, 3/2/2 bhagavadgItA, 2/55 239. bhagavadgItA, 4/19 238. (40) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #75
karatA hai| gItA ke anusAra usake sabhI kArya icchA-rahita hote haiN| AtmasaMyama, parigraha kA tyAga aura indriyoM para vijaya prApta karane ke kAraNa240 vaha mAnava kalyANa ke lie kiye gaye karmoM se baMdhana prApta nahIM karatA hai|241 dUsare zabdoM meM, vaha karmoM ke phala se usI prakAra malina nahIM hotA hai jisa prakAra kamala kA pattA pAnI se malina nahIM hotA hai|242 saMkSepa meM, paripUrNa yogI karma meM akarma ko dekhatA hai yA akarma meM karma ko dekhatA hai|243 jainadharma ke anusAra paripUrNa rahasyavAdI ne sArI kaSAyoM kA unmUlana kara diyA hai aura anubhava se paritoSa prApta kiyA hai|244 usake mAnasika, vAcika aura zArIrika kriyAe~ na to icchA se prerita hotI haiM na ajJAna se utpanna hotI haiN|245 khar3e hone, baiThane, calane aura upadeza dene, jAnane aura dekhane kI kriyAe~ icchA se utpanna nahIM hotI haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa ve AtmA ko baMdhana meM DAlane meM asamartha haiN|246 jisa prakAra eka mA~ bacce ko usI ke lAbha ke lie zikSita karatI hai aura eka dayAlu cikitsaka rogI kA ilAja karatA hai usI prakAra pUrNatA prApta rahasyavAdI vikAsa ke lie manuSya jAti ko zikSita karatA hai aura duHkhI mAnavatA ke lie 240. bhagavadgItA, 4/21; 5/7 241. bhagavadgItA, 3/25 242. chAndogyopaniSad, - 4/14/3 243.. bhagavadgItA, 4/18 244. svayaMbhUstotra, 67 bodhapAhuDa, 40 245. svayaMbhUstotra, 74 246. svayaMbhUstotra, 73 niyamasAra, 173, 174, 175 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (41) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #76
AdhyAtmika goliyA~ vitarita karatA hai|247 vaha mAnava jAti kA netA hotA hai|248 __ dvitIya, gItA ke anusAra rahasyavAdI ke uccatama anubhava ne usake sAre duHkhoM ko samApta kara diyA hai|249 rahasyavAdI saba jagaha AtmA ko anubhava karatA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra rahasyavAdI ne sabhI duHkhoM ko naSTa kara diyA hai kyoMki usane saMsAra kI sabhI vastuoM se Asakti ko naSTa kara diyA hai| tRtIya, jainadharma, gItA aura upaniSad meM isa bAta meM samAnatA hai ki AtmAnubhava yA brahma ke anubhava ke kAraNa rahasyavAdI mitra aura zatru, sukha aura duHkha, prazaMsA aura nindA, jIvana-maraNa, miTTI aura sonA, rAga-dveSAdi- ina saba dvaitoM se pare ho gayA hai|250, caturtha, kaThopaniSad aura muNDakopaniSad ke anusAra rahasyavAdI ke hRdaya kI sabhI gA~TheM khula gayI haiN|251 dUsare zabdoM meM, AtmAnubhava kI prApti ke kAraNa rahasyavAdI sabhI prakAra ke saMdehoM se mukta ho gayA hai| 247. svayaMbhUstotra, 11, 35 248. svayaMbhUstotra, 35 249. bhagavadgItA, 2/65; 5/26 IzAvAsyopaniSad, 7 muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/2 250. pravacanasAra, 3/41 svayaMbhUstotra, 10 kaThopaniSad, 1/2/12 bhagavadgItA, 6/7, 8, 9; 2/56, 57 251. kaThopaniSad, 2/3/15 muNDakopaniSad, 2/2/8 (42) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #77
jainadharma ke anusAra rahasyavAdI ne antardRSTi se jagata kI sabhI vastuoM ko jAna liyA hai.52 pariNAmasvarUpa kisI prakAra ke saMdeha kA prazna hI utpanna nahIM hotA hai|253 pA~cavA~, vaha vyakti jisane rahasyAtmaka U~cAiyoM para ArohaNa kiyA hai usane apanA tAdAtmya samatA bhAva se kara liyA hai aura puNyapApa ke saMgraha se apane Apako dUra rakhA huA hai|254 bodhapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki arhanta puNya-pApa se pare haiM isalie samatA bhAva meM sthita haiN|255 chaThA, kaThopaniSad aura gItA mAnatI hai ki pUrNatA prApta rahasyavAdI asImita Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai|256 mokSapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki yogI ahaMkAra, krodha, mAyA aura lobha ko naSTa karake aura zuddha svabhAva ko prApta karake sarvotkRSTa Ananda kA anubhava karatA hai|257 sAtavA~, gItA kahatI hai ki jo saba prANiyoM ke lie rAtri hai vaha pUrNatA-prApta AtmA ke lie jAgane kA samaya hai aura jo saba prANiyoM ke lie jAgane kA samaya hai vaha pUrNatA-prApta rahasyavAdI ke lie rAtri hai|258 kundakunda ke anusAra yogI vyavahAra meM sotA hai jaba ki AtmAnubhava 252. pravacanasAra, 1/15 253. pravacanasAra, 2/105 254. bhagavadgItA, 2/50; 5/19 . muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/3 255. bodhapAhuDa, 30 256. kaThopaniSad, 1/2/13 bhagavadgItA, 6/28 257. mokSapAhuDa, 45 258. bhagavadgItA, 2/69 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (43) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #78
ke kArya meM vaha jAgatA hai|259 AcArAMga kA kathana hai ki ajJAnI sote haiM, kintu muni sadaiva jAgate haiN|260 samantabhadra kA kathana hai ki jIveSaNA se prerita hokara sAdhAraNa manuSya dina bhara parizrama karate haiM aura thakane ke pazcAt rAtri meM so jAte haiM kintu rahasyavAdI Atmazuddhi aura AtmAnubhava kI prakriyA meM pramAda, akarmaNyatA aura zithilatA ke vazIbhUta hue binA rAta aura dina jAgatA hai|261 itanA hote hue bhI gItA, upaniSad aura jainadharma meM maulika bheda yaha hai ki jainadharma meM varNita rahasyavAdI AtmA kA anubhava karane ke pazcAt bhI AtmA ko saba jagaha nahIM dekhatA hai| . AThavA~, muni jisane ucca avasthA ko prApta kara liyA hai vaha caTTAna kI taraha dRr3ha hotA hai| koI bhI vastu jo usase TakarAtI hai naSTa ho jAtI hai| chAndogyopaniSad ke anusAra vaha vyakti jo pavitra AtmAoM kI nindA karatA hai vaha apane Apako naSTa kara detA hai|262 isI prakAra samantabhadra kA kathana hai ki vaha vyakti jo ucca AtmAoM para jhUThA Aropa lagAtA hai, barbAdI kI ora jAtA hai|263 navA~, muNDakopaniSad kahatA hai ki jo manuSya samRddhi cAhatA hai use usa rahasyavAdI kI jisane AtmAnubhava prApta kara liyA hai, pUjA karanI caahiye|264 jainadharma ke anusAra rahasyavAdI kA pavitra nAma hI zubha aura icchita uddezyoM kI prApti meM sahAyaka hotA hai|265 259. mokSapAhuDa, 31 260. Acaranga-Sutra, 1.3,1, P.28 261. svayaMbhUstotra 48 262. chAndogyopaniSad, 1/2/8 263. svayaMbhUstotra, 69 264. muNDakopaniSad, 3/1/10 265. svayaMbhUstotra, 7 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #79
dasavA~, gItA ke anusAra rahasyavAdI jo AtmA meM Ananda letA hai aura jo AtmA meM saMtuSTa hai usake dvArA aba kucha bhI prApta karane yogya nahIM hai| vaha jagata kI vastuoM ko apane lie nahIM cAhatA hai|266 jainadarzana ke anusAra muni ne vaha kara liyA hai jo use dhyAna ke dvArA kiyA jAnA cAhiye thaa|267 vibhinna darzanoM meM mokSa kI dhAraNA hama nyAya-vaizeSika, sAMkhya-yoga, pUrvamImAMsA, zaMkara-vedAnta aura prAraMbhika bauddha darzana ke mokSa kI dhAraNAoM para vicAra kreNge| yadyapi ina darzanoM meM prAraMbhika pUrvamImAMsA ke sivAya sabhI darzana mokSa ko mAnava-jIvana kA uccatama Adarza mAnate haiM kintu inake svarUpa ke varNana meM atyadhika bheda hai| kucha darzana isakA niSedhAtmaka rUpa se nirUpaNa karate haiM arthAt duHkha se mukti yA saMsAra ke jAla se chuuttnaa| jaba ki dUsare darzana isako sakArAtmaka rUpa se samajhAte haiM arthAt Ananda kI praapti| pUrvavartI dRSTi ke samarthaka haiM vaizeSika, prAraMbhika naiyAyika, sAMkhya-yoga aura uttarakAlIna mImAMsakoM meM se kucha aura prAraMbhika bauddha drshn| paravartI dRSTikoNa meM jainadarzana, uttarakAlIna naiyAyika va mImAMsaka aura advaita vedAnta sammilita haiN| ye darzana na kevala mokSa ke svarUpa meM bhinna hote haiM kintu ve isa loka meM yA paraloka meM mokSa kI prApti kI saMbhAvanA meM bhI bhinna haiN| pUrvavartI dRSTi jIvanamukti kahalAtI hai jaba ki paravartI dRSTi videhamukti kahalAtI hai| jainadarzana, advaita vedAnta, sAMkhya-yoga aura bauddha darzana donoM dRSTiyoM ko svIkAra karate haiM jaba ki nyAyavaizeSika aura mImAMsA kevala paravartI dRSTi ko hI mAnate haiN| 266. bhagavadgItA, 3/17, 18 zvetAzvetaropaniSad, 2/2/14 267. svayaMbhUstotra, 110 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (45) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #80
nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra AtmA svataMtra astitva rakhatI hai jisameM icchA, dveSa, saMkalpa, sukha-duHkha aura jJAna ke guNa sammilita haiN| ye guNa AtmA meM zAzvata rUpa se nahIM rahate haiM kintu jaba AtmA zarIra dhAraNa karatI hai taba hI ye utpanna hote haiN| isa prakAra cetanA yA jJAna Adi AtmA ke Agantuka guNa haiM,268 pariNAmasvarUpa mokSa kI avasthA meM ye lupta ho jAte haiN| naiyAyika udyotakara kA kathana hai ki zAzvata sukha ke anubhava ke lie mokSa meM zAzvata zarIra kI AvazyakatA hai kyoMki anubhava binA zarIra ke saMbhava nahIM hai|269 udyotakara ke kathana se yaha pariNAma nikalatA hai ki mukti zarIra ke rahate saMbhava nahIM hai| kintu udyotakara aura vAtsyAyana donoM hI jIvanamukti ke anurUpaM eka sthiti ko mAnate haiM arthAt aisA vyakti zarIra-rahita to nahIM hogA kintu saMkucita prema aura ghRNA usake jIvana meM samApta ho jAyegI, sAtha meM svArthapUrNa kriyA bhii|270 yahA~ yaha kahanA ucita hogA ki isa mukti kI niSedhAtmaka dhAraNA ko paravartI naiyAyikoM jaise bhAsarvajJa Adi ne bhI amAnya kara diyA hai aura ina sabhI ne sakArAtmaka Ananda kI avasthA ko svIkAra kiyA hai|271 __ pUrva mImAMsaka jaiminI aura zabara mokSa kI samasyA se saMbaMdhita nahIM rahe kintu unhoMne svarga ko hI manuSya kA uccatama uddezya maanaa| paravartI mImAMsaka kumArila aura prabhAkara ne mokSa ko jIvana kA Adarza 268. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 1/1, 10 269. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 1/1, 4, 58 270. Outlines of Indian Philosophy, P.266 271. nyAyasAra, pRSTha 39, 40, 41; tulanA. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 1/1, 4, 58 (46) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #81
btaayaa| nyAya-vaizeSika ke samAna mImAMsakoM ne yaha mAnA ki cetanA AtmA meM svAbhAvika nahIM hai| ata: mokSa sukha-duHkha-rahita hotA hai|272 kucha dUsare mImAMsaka yaha svIkAra karate haiM ki mokSa kevala duHkha se nivRtti nahIM hai kintu usameM zAzvata Ananda bhI hotA hai|273 sAMkhya-yoga mokSa kI niSedhAtmaka dhAraNA ko pratipAdita karate haiM kintu cetanA ko AtmA kA svabhAva batAte haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika aura pUrva mImAMsA kI taraha ve cetanA ko eka pRthakkaraNIya guNa nahIM maante| mukti Ananda kI abhivyakti nahIM hai kyoMki puruSa saba guNoM se svataMtra mAnA gayA hai|274 jaba viveka utpanna hotA hai to prakRti turanta puruSa ko nahIM chor3a detI hai| usakA kArya kucha samaya taka pUrva Adata ke vega ke kAraNa calatA rahatA hai|275 yaha jIvanamukti kI sthiti hai| maraNa hone para jIvanamukta videhamukti prApta karatA hai jo pUrNarUpa se duHkha se rahita hotI hai|276 zaMkarAcArya ke advaita vedAnta ke anusAra mokSa AtmA kA brahma se tAdAtmya hai, jo sArvalaukika sattA hai| isameM kevala duHkha kA abhAva hI nahIM hotA kintu yaha AnaMda kI sakArAtmaka avasthA hai| koI bhI vyakti isa avasthA ko saMsAra meM zarIra ke rahate hue prApta kara sakatA hai| 272. Sastradipika, P.188 273. Sastradipika, P.126, 127 274. Samkhyapravacana Sutra, 5/74 (vide Radhakrishnan, 1. P. Vol. II. P. 313) 275. sAMkhyakArikA, 67 276. sAMkhyakArikA, 68 Ethical Doctrines in Jainis For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #82
bauddha darzana ke anusAra mokSa kI dRSTi ko hama Age smjhaayeNge| jainadarzana ke anusAra ananta jJAna, ananta Ananda Adi kI prApti mokSa meM hotI hai| zarIra ke rahate hue mokSa kI prApti ke udAharaNa tIrthaMkara haiN| videhamukti kI avasthA siddhatva kahalAtI hai| vibhinna darzanoM meM avidyA kI dhAraNA hama yahA~ sAMsArika avasthA ke lie uttaradAyI siddhAnta para vicAra kreNge| isa siddhAnta ko avidyA kahA jAtA hai jo bhautikavAdiyoM ke atirikta sabhI bhAratIya darzana svIkAra karate haiN| usI kAraNa AtmA janmoM ke cakra meM ghUmatA hai aura vahI jIvana ke AnandadAyaka pakSa ko Dhaka letA hai| yadyapi avidyA kA kArya vastuoM ke vAstavika svarUpa para pardA DAlanA mAnA gayA hai phira bhI usakA svarUpa darzanoM kI tattvamImAMsaka sthiti ke anusAra bhinna-bhinna mAnA gayA hai| nyAyadarzana ke anusAra moha jisako mithyAjJAna kahA gayA hai (vaha) sAMsArika jIvana kA kAraNa hai|277 yaha rAga aura dveSa ko utpanna karatA hai jo mana-vacana-kAya kI kriyA kA kAraNa hotA hai|278 yaha pravRtti (saMkalpAtmaka kriyA) dharma aura adharma ko utpanna karatI hai jo ekatrita ho jAtI hai jisake phalasvarUpa agale janma meM naye zarIra kA nirmANa hotA hai|279 yaha janma duHkhapUrNa hotA hai| mithyAjJAna ke svarUpa ke bAre meM vAtsyAyana kA kathana hai- anAtmA ko AtmA maannaa| isa truTipUrNa jJAna se maiM zarIra hU~ yaha mAnA jAtA hai| isake prabhAva meM AtmA 277. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 4/1/3 278. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 4/1/6 279. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 3/2/60 Ethical Doctrines in Jainisn For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #83
zarIra se, indriyoM se, bhAvoM se aura jJAna se tAdAtmya kara letA hai|280 vaizeSika nyAyadarzana ke vicAra ko hI svIkAra karatA hai| pUrvamImAMsA ke anusAra niSiddha aura kAmya karma karanA va nitya aura naimittika karmoM ko na karanA baMdhana kA kAraNa hai|281 sAMkhya-yoga ke anusAra puruSa aura prakRti meM bheda na karanA duHkha kA kAraNa hai| ina donoM ko gaDDa-maDDa karanA avidyA ke kAraNa hotA hai jisake phalasvarUpa koI vyakti azAzvata ko zAzvata mAnatA hai; azuddha ko zuddha mAnatA hai; duHkha ko sukha mAnatA hai tathA anAtmA ko AtmA mAnatA hai|282 yoga darzana ke anusAra avidyA kleza hai aura anya cAra prakAra ke klezoM kA AdhAra hai arthAt asmitA (ahaMkAra), rAga, dveSa aura abhiniveza (jiivessnnaa)|283 puruSa aura buddhi kA tAdAtmya ahaMkAra hai yA puruSa ko karttA va bhoktA mAnanA ahaMkAra hai;284 sukhoM meM Asakti rAga hai;285 pUrva duHkha ke prati krodha dveSa hai;286 mRtyu ke kAraNa zarIra va sukha ke viSayoM ko khone kA bhaya abhiniveza hai|287 isa prakAra kleza se saMsAra va usake duHkha bar3hate haiN| zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra avidyA kA artha hai ki prakAzamAna viSayI para viSaya kA Aropa aura viSaya para viSayI kA Aropa arthAt 'maiM yaha hU~ aura yaha merA haiN'| bauddha darzana kI 280. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 4/2/1; bhUmikA, pRSTha 762, 763 281. Indian Philosophy, 1.P.Vol.II. P. 418 282. yogasUtra, 2/5, 24 283. yogasUtra, 2/3, 4 284. yogasUtra aura bhASya, 2/6 . 285. yogasUtra aura bhojavRtti, 2/6, 7 286. yogasUtra aura bhASya, 2/8 287. yogasUtra aura bhojavRtti, 2/9 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (49) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #84
avidyA ke bAre meM Age vicAra kreNge| yahA~ hama kevala yaha batA denA cAhate haiM ki bauddha darzana ke anusAra avidyA kA saMbaMdha duHkha ko sukha mAnane meM hai aura kSaNikatA ko nityatA mAnane meM hai| jainadharma ke anusAra sAMsArika jIvana ke AdhAra haiM- mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyaacaaritr| ye tInoM sAMsArika jIvana ke lie uttaradAyI haiN| mithyAdarzana viparIta zraddhA hai; mithyAjJAna viparIta jJAna hai aura mithyAcAritra viparIta cAritra hai| mithyAjJAna saMsAra kA AdhAra nahIM hai kintu mithyAdarzana hai arthAt zarIra se bhinna AtmA meM azraddhA hai| isa azraddhA ke kAraNa jJAna aura cAritra viparIta ho jAte haiM arthAt samyagdarzana ke abhAva meM gaMbhIra jJAna aura anuzAsanAtmaka cAritra U~cAI para le jAne meM asamartha hai| avidyA jo mithyAjJAna kA paryAyavAcI hai vaha saMsAra kA kAraNa hai kintu yaha dRSTikoNa jainadarzana ko mAnya nahIM hai| mokSa-prApti ke sAdhana sabhI jainetara bhAratIya darzana mokSa kI prApti ke lie ucita jJAna ko samAna rUpa se mahattva dete haiN| yadyapi pUrvamImAMsA kucha kriyAoM ke karane ko atirikta mahattva dete haiN| nyAya-vaizeSika ke anusAra solaha padArthoM288 kA jJAna mokSa ke lie Avazyaka hai| sAMkhya-yoga ke anusAra 288. solaha padArtha haiM- (1) pramANa (pratyakSa, anumAna, upamAna aura zabda), (2) prameya (AtmA, zarIra, indriya, artha- bhoga kI jAnevAlI vastuoM kA samUha, buddhi- bhogajJAna, mana, pravRtti-mana,vacana tathA zarIra kA vyApAra, doSa- jisake kAraNa acche yA bure kAmoM meM pravatti hotI hai, pretyabhAva-punarjanma, phala-sukha-duHkha kA saMvedana, duHkhaicchAvighAtajanya pIr3A aura apavarga-duHkha se Atyantika nivRtti), (3) saMzaya, (4) prayojana, (5) dRSTAnta, (6) siddhAnta, (7) avayava, (8) tarka, (9) nirNaya, (10) vAda, (11)jalpa, (12) vitaNDA, (13) hetvAbhAsa, (14) chala, (15) jAti aura (16) nigrhsthaan| (dekheM nyAya sUtra, 1.1.1; 1.1.3; 1.1.9, bhAratIya darzana, pRSTha-202) (50) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #85
puruSa aura prakRti meM bheda mokSa kI ora le jAtA hai|289 sAMkhyakArikA kA kathana hai ki yaha jJAna ki 'maiM nahIM hU~', 'merA kucha nahIM hai' aura 'ahaMkAra kA astitva nahIM hai' mokSa kI ora le jAtA hai|290 pUrvamImAMsA ke anusAra kAmya aura pratiSiddha karmoM ko tyAganA aura nitya aura naimittika karmoM ko karanA saMsAra ke duHkhoM ko TAlane ke lie Avazyaka hai| kintu mImAMsA darzana kA prabhAkara mata mokSa ke lie jJAna kI AvazyakatA ko svIkAra karatA hai|291 zaMkarAcArya ke anusAra brahma kA svayaM se tAdAtmya kA saccA jJAna mokSa kI prApti karAtA hai| AtmA vAstava meM brahma hai kintu avidyA ke kAraNa vaha apanI garimA ko bhUlA huA hai| 'maiM brahma hU~'- isa jJAna se garimA punaH prApta kI jA sakatI hai| bauddha darzana ke anusAra cAra AryasatyoM kA jJAna nirvANa-prApti ke lie Avazyaka hai|292 ucita jJAna ko bauddhika jJAna se gaDDamaDDa nahIM karanA cAhie, usako antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna hI samajhanA caahie| nyAyavaizeSika aura vedAnta antardRSTyAtmaka jJAna prApta karane ke lie tIna vidhiyA~ batAte haiN|293 (1) zAstroM kA adhyayana aura yogya guru kA nirdezana (zravaNa), (2) jo kucha par3hA gayA hai aura par3hAyA gayA hai usakA cintana (manana) aura (3) AtmA ke vAstavika svarUpa kA dhyAna (nididhyaasn)| satya ko jAnane ke lie nyAya-vaizeSika va sAMkhyayoga aSTAMga mArga ko ullikhita karate haiN| pUrvamImAMsA bhI usako 289. * yogasUtra aura bhASya aura bhojavRtti, 2/25, 26 290. sAMkhyakArikA, 64 291. prakaraNa paJjikA, 154-157 292. Indian Philosophy, 1.P.Vol.II. P. 418 293. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, 4/2/38; 47, 49 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (51) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #86
svIkAra karatA hai|294 advaita vedAnta brahmajJAna ke lie cAra pUrva AvazyakatAe~ pratipAdita karatA hai 295 arthAt ( 1 ) zAzvata aura azAzvata meM viveka, (2) sAMsArika vastuoM meM anAsakti, (3) zAnti, saMyama, Asakti, dhairya, jAgarUkatA aura zraddhA kA honA aura (4) mokSa kI icchA / uparyukta vicAroM kI jainadarzana se tulanA karane para hama pAte haiM ki kevala samyagjJAna ke dvArA sAMsArika jIvana se mukti prApta nahIM kI jA sakatI kintu samyak zraddhA aura samyakcAritra isake sAtha jor3A jAnA caahie| dUsare zabdoM meM samyagjJAna aura samyagzraddhA ke atirikta samyakcAritra bhI mokSa ke sAdhana ke rUpa meM Avazyaka hai / bhAvapAhuDa kA kathana hai ki AtmA ko guru ke dvArA jAnakara usa para dhyAna kiyA jAnA cAhie | 296 yahA~ yaha dhyAna denA cAhie ki nyAya-vaizeSika, vedAnta aura pUrvamImAMsA darzana jIvana meM AcAra prakriyA ke lie upaniSad, gItA aura yoga darzana para Azrita haiN| aba hama yoga ke aSTAMga mArga aura buddha ke cAra AryasatyoM para vicAra kreNge| yoga kA aSTAMga mArga AtmA kA Izvara yA nirapekSa sattA se kisI prakAra kA saMyoga yoga nahIM hai kintu isakA abhiprAya hai cittavRttiyoM kA nirodha yA puruSa aura prakRti meM bheda297 yA puruSa kA mUla svabhAva meM sthita honA / 298 ye tInoM abhiprAya eka dUsare se bhinna nahIM haiN| dUsarA abhiprAya jo pataMjali 294. 295. 296. bhAvapAhuDa, 64 297. yogasUtra, 2/25, 26 298. yogasUtra, 1/3, 4/ 34 prakaraNa paJjikA, 154-157 Vedanta Explained, Vol. I. P. 8 (52). Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #87
ne yoga zabda ko diyA hai vaha uparyukta Adarza kI prApti kI prakriyA ko sUcita karanevAlA hai|299 jainadarzana meM yoga ke lie samAnArthaka abhivyakti uccatama sthiti ke artha meM zuddhopayoga hai| jisameM zubha-azubha bhAva ruka jAte haiM aura AtmA apane mUla svabhAva meM sthita ho jAtI hai| uccatama ArohaNa ke lie anuzAsana ko cAritra kahA jAtA hai jo artha bhI yoga ko diyA gayA hai| vaha anuzAsana jo uccatama U~cAIyoM kA ArohaNa karane ke lie Avazyaka hai vaha vairAgya aura abhyAsa hai|300 vairAgya niSedhAtmaka hai aura abhyAsa skaaraatmk| pUrvavartI kA abhiprAya hai jagata kI kSaNika vastuoM se pUrNatayA alaga ho jAnA aura paravartI kA abhiprAya hai AtmA ko yaugika mArga para lgaanaa| jainAcAryoM dvArA batAyI gayI bAraha anuprekSAe~301 vairAgya utpanna karane ke lie paryApta hai| vairAgya aura abhyAsa yaugika prakriyA kA saMkSepa hai| pataMjali yoga kI ATha prakriyA batAte haiM jinakA pAlana karane para mokSarUpI phala prApta ho jAtA hai|302 ve haiM- (1) yama, (2) niyama, (3) Asana, (4) prANAyAma, (5) pratyAhAra, (6) dhAraNA, (7) dhyAna aura (8) smaadhi|303 (1) yama- yama:04 pA~ca prakAra kA hai- (1) ahiMsA, (2) satya, (3) asteya, (4) brahmacarya aura (5) aprigrh| pataMjali kA kathana hai ki ye yama mahAvrata bana sakate haiM305 jaba isameM aNuvratoM kI 299. yogasUtra aura vRtti, 2/1 300. yogasUtra, 1/12 301. tattvArthasUtra, 9/7 302. yogasUtra, bhASya aura vRtti, 2/28 303. yogasUtra, 2/28 304. yogasUtra, 2/30 305. yogasUtra, 2/31 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (53) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #88
sImA pAra kara lI jaay| isake atirikta pataMjali saMnyAsa jIvana ke pakSa meM hai kyoMki gRhastha jIvana mahAvratoM ke pAlana meM kaI bAdhAe~ utpanna karatA hai| saMnyAsI jIvana yaugika prakriyA kA Avazyaka pakSa haiN| vyAsa bhASya kA kathana hai ki ahiMsA yama va niyama kA AdhAra hai aura ahiMsA ko zuddha rUpa meM pAlane ke lie yama va niyama sAMdhe jAne cAhie | 306 ye mahAvrata jainadarzana ke mahAvrata 307 se mela rakhate haiM jisameM ahiMsA AdhArabhUta hotI hai / 308 aNuvrata gRhastha ke lie hote haiM isa saMbaMdha meM pataMjali ke vicAroM ko samajhanA saMbhava nahIM hai| (2) niyama- niyama 309 pA~ca prakAra kA hai- ( 1 ) zauca, (2) saMtoSa, ( 3 ) tapa, (4) svAdhyAya aura (5) IzvarapraNidhAna / sAdhaka jisane mana ko zuddha kara liyA hai vaha sakArAtmaka guNoM ko vikasita karatA hai| jainAcArya kaI guNa prastAvita karate haiM jinako sAdhaka dvArA apanAyA jAtA hai arthAt kSamA, mArdava, Arjava, zauca, saMyama, tapa, tyAga, AkiMcanya aura brahmacarya | 310 svAdhyAya Antarika tapoM meM sammilita kiyA gayA hai jaba ki stuti aura vaMdanA bhakti meN| pataMjali''' kA yaha kathana ki jaba sAdhaka pApapUrNa vicAroM ke prabhAva meM rahatA hai to use unake bure pariNAmoM ko socakara dUra kara denA cAhie, isakI tulanA tattvArtha sUtra 12 meM ullikhita isa bAta se kI jA sakatI hai ki vratoM kA 11 306. yogasUtra aura bhASya, 2/30 307. cAritrapAhuDa, 30, 31 acaranga-Sutra, 2/15 308. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 309. yogasUtra, 2/32 310 . tattvArthasUtra, 9/6 311. yogasUtra, 2 / 33, 34 312. tattvArthasUtra, 7/9 (54) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #89
pAlana karane ke lie una duHkhoM ke bAre meM socA jAnA cAhiye jo una vratoM kA pAlana na karane se utpanna ho sakate haiN| ( 3 - 4 ) Asana aura prANAyAma - sthira aura ArAmadAyaka sthiti Asana hai| 13 layAtmakatA aura niyama se zvAsa lenA prANAyAma hai / 3 14 jainadarzana meM bhI Asana kA mahattva samajhA gayA hai| mUlAcAra kA kathana hai ki muni jo svAdhyAya aura dhyAna meM lagA huA hai nidrA ke adhIna nahIM hotA aura rAtri guphA meM padmAsana, vIrAsana yA usI ke samAna sthiti meM vyatIta karatA hai| 15 kArtikeyAnuprekSA aura jJAnArNava dhyAna ke abhyAsa ke lie kaI prakAra ke Asana prastAvita karate haiM / 3 16 jainadarzana prANAyAma ke pakSa meM nahIM hai| zubhacandra mAnate haiM ki jo muni mokSa kI abhilASA karatA hai usake lie prANAyAma kriyA avarodha kA kArya karatI hai kyoMki usase alaukika zaktiyA~ prApta ho jAtI haiN| 317 yadyapi vaha dhyAna ke lie isake mahattva ko svIkAra karate haiM / 3 18 (5) pratyAhAra - indriyoM ko unake viSayoM ke AkarSaNa se vApasa mor3anA pratyAhAra kahalAtA hai / 319 isakI tulanA jainadharma meM pA~ca indriyoM ke niyaMtraNa se kI jA sakatI hai| 320 jo muni AdhyAtmika mArga 313. yogasUtra, 2/46 314. yogasUtra, 2/49, 50 315. mUlAcAra, 794, 795 316. kArtikeyAnuprekSA, 355 jJAnArNava, 28/10 317. jJAnArNava, 29/6, 11 318. jJAnArNava, 29/1 319. yogasUtra, 2 / 54, 55 320. mUlAcAra, 16 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (55)

Page #90
para ArohaNa karatA hai ye usakI naitika aura bauddhika taiyArI kI saMracanA karate haiN| indriyoM ke saMyama se sAdhaka bAhya aura Antarika vyavadhAna se mukta ho jAte haiN| (6-8) dhAraNA, dhyAna aura samAdhi- ye tInoM eka viSaya para ekAgratA kI prakriyA ke sopAna haiN|321 yogI jo kisI eka kA prayAsa karatA hai vaha usameM nahIM Thahara sakatA, vaha dhyAna yA samAdhi kI ora saraka jAtA hai| isI kAraNa se ina tInoM prakriyAoM kA sAmAnya nAma hai- sNym|322 dhAraNA kisI viSaya para mana ko ThaharAnA hai|323 dhyAna usI viSaya para vicAroM kA anavarata pravAha hai|324 jaba dhyAna meM viSayI, viSaya aura dhyAna kI prakriyA ke bheda samApta ho jAte haiM to vaha samAdhi kahalAtI hai|325 ye samAdhi do prakAra kI hotI hai (1) saMprajJAta aura asaMprajJAta yA sabIja aura nirbIja yA sAlaMbana aura niraalNbn| jainadharma dhyAna aura samAdhi meM bheda nahIM karatA hai| kintu yaha inako zukladhyAna ke andara sammilita kara letA hai| saMprajJAta samAdhi kI tulanA pRthaktvavitarka aura ekatvavitarka zukladhyAna se kI jA sakatI hai| asaMprajJAta samAdhi kI tulanA ekatvavitarka zukladhyAna kI pUrNatA se kI jA sakatI hai| jainadharma ke anusAra AtmA yahA~ kevalajJAna prApta kara letA hai, yaha sadehamukti hai| videhamukti sUkSmakriyApratipatti aura vyuparatakriyAnivRtti zukladhyAna se prApta kI jA sakatI hai| 321. Yoga of the Saints, P. 87 322. yogasUtra, 3/4 323. yogasUtra, 3/1 324. yogasUtra, 3/2 325. yogasUtra aura bhASya, 3/3 (56) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #91
itanI samAnatAe~ hote hue bhI yogadarzana se kucha AdhArabhUta bheda hai| yogadarzana meM AtmajAgrati kA ullekha nahIM hai, aisA pratIta hotA hai ki isane AtmajAgrati aura naitika parivartana ko gaDDamaDDa kara diyA hai| isake atirikta yogadarzana meM guru ke mahattva ko aura ArohaNa se patana kI saMbhAvanA ko bhI svIkAra nahIM kiyA hai| pratikramaNa aura pratyAkhyAna ko bhI mahattva nahIM diyA gayA hai| ye sabhI ghaTaka rahasyAtmaka vikAsa ke lie bahuta Avazyaka haiN| buddha ke cAra Aryasatya aba hama prAraMmbhika bauddha dharma para vicAra kreNge| buddha kA dRSTikoNa nimnalikhita kathana se pahacAnA jA sakatA hai| jo vyakti AtmA aura jagata para usa samaya saiddhAntika cintana karatA hai jaba ki vaha duHkha meM tar3apa rahA hai aisA vyakti usa mUrkha AdamI kI taraha hotA hai jo jaharIlA tIra pArzva bhAga meM ghusa gayA ho usa samaya tIra ko turanta nikAlane ke bajAya usakI utpatti, nirmAtA aura pheMkanevAle kA vyartha rUpa se cintana karatA hai|326 ata: DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan ucita rUpa se kahate haiM ki "buddha ke prAraMbhika zikSaNa meM tIna vizeSatAe~ rahI haiM - ( 1 ) AcAra saMbaMdhI gaMbhIratA, ( 2 ) IzvarIya pravRtti kA abhAva aura (3) tattvamImAMsaka cintana ke prati vikarSaNa | 327 usane cAra AryasatyoM 328 kI 326. majjhima - nikAya - sutta, 63 ( Warren, P. 120. vide An Introduction to Indian Philosophy) 327. Indian Philosophy, Vol.1, P. 358 328. aMguttara - nikAya 3/61, 6 dIgha - nikAya, 22 /4, 5 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (57)

Page #92
ghoSaNA arthAt duHkha, duHkha kA kAraNa, duHkha kA nirodha aura duHkhanirodha kA mArga- ye usake AcArazAstrIya dRSTikoNa kA saMkSepa hai|" jainadharma ke sAta tattvoM meM se pA~ca tattvoM- Asrava, baMdha, saMvara, nirjarA aura mokSa kI tulanA buddha ke cAra AryasatyoM se kI jA sakatI hai| baMdha duHkha kA dyotaka hai, Asrava duHkha kA mUla hai, saMvara aura nirjarA duHkhanirodha ke upAya hai aura mokSa duHkha kA pUrNa nirodha hai| - pahale Aryasatya kA saMbaMdha sarva laukika duHkhoM ke anubhava se hai| janma, jarA, mRtyu, vilApa, duHkha kA saMsarga, atRpta icchA aura sukha se viccheda sabhI duHkhapUrNa hote haiN| jainadharma ke anusAra karmabaMdhana duHkha ke tulya hai| dUsarA Aryasatya, duHkha kA kAraNa hai jise pratItyasamutpAda ke siddhAnta se samajhAyA jA sakatA hai| isa siddhAnta kA abhiprAya hai ki pratyeka vastu kA astitva kAraNa para Azrita hotA hai| (1) jarA maraNa kA kAraNa hai- (2) jAti arthAt janma, jAti kA kAraNa hai- (3) bhava arthAt janma kI icchA, bhava kA kAraNa hai- (4) upAdAna arthAt sAMsArika viSayoM se lipaTe rahane kI abhilASA, upAdAna kA kAraNa hai(5) tRSNA arthAt viSayabhoga kI vAsanA, tRSNA kA kAraNa hai(6) vedanA arthAt indriyoM se utpanna sukhAnubhUti, vedanA kA kAraNa hai(7) sparza arthAt indriyoM kA viSayoM ke sAtha samparka, sparza kA kAraNa hai- (8) SaDAyatana arthAt jJAna kI pA~ca indriyA~ tathA mana, SaDAyatana kA kAraNa hai- (9) nAmarUpa arthAt garbhastha bhrUNa kA zarIra aura mana, nAmarUpa kA kAraNa hai- (10) vijJAna arthAt caitanya, vijJAna kA kAraNa hai- (11) saMskAra arthAt pUrvajanma kA saMskAra, saMskAra kA kAraNa hai(12) avidyA arthAt mithyaajnyaan| saMsAra kI prakriyA kA mUla kAraNa (58) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #93
anAdikAlIna avidyA hai| saMsAra kI prakriyA ke mAtA-pitA anAdikAlIna avidyA aura tRSNA hai / 329 " avidyA ke prabhAva ke antargata truTipUrNa rUpa se anitya nitya samajha liyA jAtA hai / " 330 DaoN. rAdhAkRSNan kahate haiM ki 'ahaM' aura 'cAra AryasatyoM' ke sacce svarUpa ke bAre meM ajJAna avidyA hai| 3 31 jainadharma ke anusAra sAmparAyika Asrava kA kAraNa mithyAdarzana, mithyAjJAna aura mithyAcAritra hai jo saMsAra kI prakriyA ke mUla meM hai| tIsarA Aryasatya, duHkhanirodha yA nirvANa kI prApti hai| kAra ke naSTa hone se kArya samApta ho jAtA hai| nirvANa kA artha hai bujhanA yA zItala honA / pUrvavartI kA artha hai naSTa honA aura paravartI kA artha hai kaSAyoM kI smaapti| isa tathya ko mAnanA ki buddha ko divya prakAza milA aura usane mAnava jAti ke utthAna ke lie upadeza diyA isase yaha siddha hotA hai ki nirvANa kA artha bujhanA nahIM hai usakA artha hai kevala kaSAyoM kA nAza / nirvANa ke svarUpa ke bAre meM anizcitatA kA kAraNa yaha hai ki buddha ne nirvANa ke prazna kA javAba denA naitika dRSTikoNa se mahattvapUrNa nahIM maanaa| 332 " buddha ke mauna kA yaha abhiprAya pratIta hotA hai ki mukti kI avasthA sAdhAraNa anubhava se nahIM samajhAyI jA 329. laMkAvatAra sUtra, pRSTha 138 (vide Tatia, Studies in Jaina Philosophy, P. 127) 330. Studies in Jaina Philosophy, P. 127 331. Indian Philosophy, Vol.1, P. 416 332. poTTapAda sutta, 9/3 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (59)

Page #94
sktii|''333 "yaha bhASA meM avarNanIya hai|''334 vinAza ke virodha meM samajhAne ke lie usane niSedhAtmaka zabdoM meM samajhAyA ki nirvANa jIvana ke duHkhoM kA anta hai aura rAga, dveSa aura moha se bacAva hai|35 yaha zAnta, saMtulana aura kaSAya rahitatA kI avasthA hai| bauddhaguru nAgasena ne grIka rAjA (milinda) ko nirvANa kA AnandadAyaka svarUpa smjhaayaa|336 jainadharma ke anusAra mokSa-prApti kA artha hai ananta jJAna, ananta Ananda aura ananta zakti Adi kI praapti| jainadharma mokSa ke svarUpa. ko binA kisI duvidhA ke samajhAtA hai usakA artha hotA hai- sAMsArika duHkha kA avarodha aura ananta Ananda kI praapti| isa taraha se jainadharma aura bauddhadharma ke vicAroM meM kucha antara hai| brAhmaNa dharma kA yogI, jainadharma kA tIrthaMkara aura bauddhadharma kA arhat- sabhI eka hI nAva meM cala rahe haiN| itanI samAnatA hote hue bhI bauddhadharma meM AtmA kI asvIkRti kA jainadharma se bar3A bheda hai jo AtmA ke astitva ko svIkAra karatA hai| cauthe Aryasatya kA sambandha duHkha ko haTAne se hai| buddha ke dvArA aSTAMgika mArga337 prastAvita hai| (1) sammadiTThi (samyak-dRSTi), (2) sammasaMkappa (samyak-saMkalpa), (3) sammavAca (samyak-vAk), 333. Radhakrishnan Article , the teaching of Buddha by speech and silence, Hibbert Journal April, 1934 (vide Dutta & Chatterjee, An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, P. 128) 334. History of Philosophy: Eastern and Western, P. 166 335. History of Philosophy: Eastern and Western, P. 167 336. Milinda-panha, (vide Introduction to Indian Philoso phy, P. 128) 337. dIgha-nikAya, 22/5 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #95
(4) sammakammanta (samyak -karmAnta), (5) samma-Ajiva (samyagAjIva), (6) sammavAyAma (samyak-vyAyAma), (7) sammasati (samyak-smRti), (8) sammasamAdhi (smyk-smaadhi)| (1) sammadiTThi (samyak-dRSTi)-samyak-dRSTi kA artha hai cAra Arya satyoM kA jnyaan|38 jainadharma ke anusAra samyakcAritra samyakzraddhA se prArambha hotA hai kintu usake viSayoM meM bheda hai| (2) sammasaMkappa (samyak-saMkalpa)- samyaksaMkalpa ke antargata Asakti kA tyAga yA dUsaroM ke prati bure vicAroM kA tyAga aura dUsaroM ko nukasAna pahu~cAne kA tyAga hai|39 (3) sammavAca (samyak-vAk)- samyak-vANI meM jhUTha, nindA, kaTuvacana aura vyartha kI bAtacIta kA tyAga sammilita hai|340 (4) sammakammanta (samyakkarmAnta)- isake antargata hiMsA, corI tathA indriya-Asakti kA tyAga hai|41 (5) samma-Ajiva (samyagAjIva)- samyagAjIva kA artha hai acche sAdhanoM se dhnaarjn|42 (6) sammavAyAma (samyak-vyAyAma)samyak-vyAyAma meM cAra prakAra ke prayatna sammilita hai (i) burAI na Ane denA. (ii) vartamAna burAI ko naSTa karanA (iii) acche vicAroM ko utpanna karanA (iv) acche vicAroM aura guNoM ke prati lagana rkhnaa|43 (7) sammasati (samyak-smRti)- samyak-smRti ke antargata haiMzarIra aura mana kA svabhAva, hAnikAraka mAnasika sthitiyA~, kAmukatA, saMdeha, Alasya, mana aura zarIra kI ashaanti| (8) sammasamAdhi 338. dIgha-nikAya, 22/4, 5 339. dIgha-nikAya, 22/4, 5 340. dIgha-nikAya, 22/4, 5 341. dIgha-nikAya, 22/4, 5 342. dIgha-nikAya, 22/4, 5 343. dIgha-nikAya, 22/4, 5 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (61) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #96
(samyak-samAdhi)- dhyAna kI cAra avasthAe~ mAnI gayI haiM(i) prathama avasthA meM sAdhaka kAmukatA va burI vRttiyoM se apane Apako dUra karatA hai tathA cAra AryasatyoM kA vitarka tathA vicAra karatA hai aura vaha anAsakti se utpanna zAMti tathA AnaMda kA anubhava karatA hai| (ii) dvitIya avasthA meM vaha sabhI tarka-vitarkoM kA damana kara detA hai aura ekAgratA se utpanna zAMti aura AnaMda kA anubhava karatA hai| (iii) tIsarI avasthA meM vaha dhyAna se utpanna zAMti aura, AnaMda ko tyAga detA hai aura samatA kI Ananda cetanA meM sthira ho jAtA hai| (iv) cauthI avasthA meM vaha zuddha AtmAvasthA va samatA meM praveza kara jAtA hai aura isa avasthA meM saba duHkhoM kA anta ho jAtA hai| isa avasthA meM nirvANa kI prApti ho jAtI hai| samAdhi kI avasthA ko prApta karane ke lie paJcazIla atyAvazyaka hai| paJcazIla ke antargata ahiMsA, asteya, satyabhASaNa, brahmacarya tathA nazA kA sevana na karanA sammilita hai| ina paJcazIloM kI tulanA jainadharma ke pA~ca mahAvratoM se kI jA sakatI hai| isake atirikta dhyAna kI tIna avasthAoM kI tulanA do prakAra ke zukladhyAna pRthaktvavitarka aura ekatvavitarka se kI jA sakatI hai| isameM dUsare prakAra ke zukladhyAna kI paripUrNatA se cauthI avasthA kI tulanA kI jA sakatI hai| isI ko arhat avasthA yA sadehamukti kahate haiN| videhamukti aMtima do prakAra ke zukladhyAna kA pariNAma hai| (62) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #97
AThavA~ adhyAya jaina aura pAzcAtya AcArazAstrIya siddhAntoM ke prakAra pUrva adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa jaina aura jainetara bhAratIya AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta' nAmaka pUrva adhyAya meM prathama, hamane upaniSadoM dvArA pratipAdita AcArazAstrIya dRSTikoNa kA nirUpaNa kiyA hai| dvitIya, hamane gItA aura upaniSadoM dvArA nirupita naitika Adarza ke svarUpa kA varNana kiyA hai| tRtIya, Adarza kI prApti kA avarodha karanevAlI bAdhAoM ke svarUpa kA ullekha kiyA hai, supta aura jAgrata AtmAoM ke bheda para vicAra kiyA hai aura jJAna. ke lie guru ke mahattva ko samajhAyA hai| caturtha, hamane AdhyAtmika prerakoM kA varNana kiyA hai tathA zraddhA, jJAna aura cAritra ke mahattva kI vyAkhyA kI hai jisase hama naitika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke bAdhaka tattvoM ko jIta skeN| paMcama, cAritra ke niSedhAtmaka pakSa jisameM kaSAyoM ke tyAga kA varNana, indriya aura mana kA saMyama aura sakArAtmaka pakSa jisameM sadguNoM ke vikAsa sahita bhakti aura dhyAna kA pratipAdana kiyA gayA hai| chaThA, Adarza muni kI vizeSatAoM kA varNana kiyA gayA hai| sAtavA~, mukhya bhAratIya darzanoM ke naitika Adarza ke svarUpa ko aura AvAgamanAtmaka jIvana ke astitva ke kAraNoM ko aura rahasyAtmaka jIvana kI prApti kI prakriyA ko batAyA gayA hai| aMta meM yoga ke aSTAMga mArga aura buddha ke cAra Arya satyoM kA vivaraNa prastuta kiyA gayA hai| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (63) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #98
AcArazAstrIya cintana kA pazcima meM prArambha . grIka dArzanikoM ne sophisToM ke AvirbhAva se pahale apane Apako brahmANDa vijJAna meM saMlagna kiyaa| sophisToM ke pUrva dArzanika ne kevala tattvamImAMsA saMbaMdhI samasyAoM meM apane Apako lgaayaa| sophisTa jo IsA pUrva pA~cavavIM zatAbdI meM hue, unhoMne dArzanikoM kA dhyAna mAnavIya cAritra para AkarSita kiyaa| isa taraha se unhoMne dArzanikoM ko prakRti se manuSya kI tarapha modd'aa| isase sophisToM ke cintana meM mAnavIya AcAra kA udaya huaa| phalasvarUpa sophisTa AcArazAstrIya vijJAna ke janaka kahe jA sakate haiN| jaina cintakoM kA AcArazAstrIya cintana 23veM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha se mAnA jA sakatA hai| unakA astitva AThavIM zatAbdI IsA pUrva thaa| yadyapi jaina paramparA apane darzana ke prArambha ko bahuta prAcIna kAla se mAnatI hai| samasyA aura cintana dRSTi AcArazAstrIya cintana kA saMbaMdha mAnavIya cAritra ke uccatama uddezya se hai| yaha cintana mAnavIya caritra kA ucita-anucita aura zubha-azubha ke rUpa meM mUlyAMkana karatA hai| cAritra se yahA~ abhiprAya hai aicchika kriyAe~ jinakI pUrva mAnyatA hai- vyaktiyoM kA astitv| AcArazAstrIya cetanA ke pazcima meM udaya hone se vibhinna cintanadRSTiyA~ naitika kSetra meM utpanna huii| hama yahA~ kevala sophisTa, sukarAta, pleTo, arastu, bainthama aura mila va kAnTa ke saMbaMdha meM carcA kareMge aura unakI jaina AcAra se tulanA kreNge| (1) AcArazAstrIya Adarza kI samasyA- sophisTa yaha kahA jAtA hai ki "sophisTa darzanazAstra ko svarga se manuSya ke AvAsa taka lAye aura unhoMne usakA dhyAna bAhya prakRti se manuSya Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #99
kI ora mor3A kyoMki unhoMne manuSya kA mahattva sarvopari maanaa|" sophisToM ke samaya taka yUnAnI dArzanika jagata ke mUla ko pAne meM lage hue the| sophisToM ne isakI tarapha niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAyA aura unhoMne yaha kahA ki "manuSya hI saba vastuoM kA mApadaNDa hai" aura "satya vyakti ke sApekSa hai|''2 isakA prabhAva yaha huA ki AcArazAstra Atmagata aura sApekSa ho gyaa| isa taraha se jitane vyakti hoMge utane hI AcArazAstrIya uddezya hoNge| isakA pariNAma yaha huA ki AcArazAstra ke kSetra meM arAjakatA ho gyii| yadyapi proTogorasa kI pravRtti naitikatA aura jJAna ke kSetra meM Atmagata thI, phira bhI usakA deya yaha thA ki usane manuSya ke mahattva ko sarvopari mAnA hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa naitikatA ne ahaMvAdI dRSTikoNa apanA liyaa| kintu hamako yaha samajhanA cAhiye ki ekAntika ahaMvAdI dRSTikoNa hAnikAraka hai|' yaha satya hai ki sophisTika Andolana ne manuSya ke vicAroM ko jagAyA aura darzana, dharma Adi ko cunautI dI aura buddhi ko inake lie mahattvapUrNa maanaa| - 'jisa yuga meM mahAvIra hue vaha sophisToM se milatA-julatA thaa| proTogorasa ke samAna mahAvIra ne tattvamImAMsAtmaka cintana kI nindA nahIM kI. kintu AtmagatasApekSavAda kA khaNDana kiyaa| inhoMne jJAnAtmaka vastuniSThA kA pratipAdana kiyaa| isa taraha se dravya ke svabhAva meM anekatA kA ullekha kiyA aura ve anekAntavAda ke poSaka ho gye| isakA prabhAva AcArazAstrIya cintana para par3A aura yaha niSkarSa nikalA 2. 3. 4: History of Philosophy, P.61 History of Philosophy, P.57 Short History of Ethic, P.34 * History of Philosophy, P.61, 62 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (65) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #100
ki zubha Atmagata nahIM hai, viSayagata hai yadyapi yaha vyaktiyoM dvArA anubhava kiyA jAtA hai| isa prakAra jainadharma ke anusAra ahiMsA vastuniSTha zubha hai kintu isakI pUrNa prApti rahasyavAdI anubhava meM hI hotI hai| yaha eka prakAra se naitika aura AdhyAtmika ahaMvAda hai jo proTogorasa ke svArthavAdI ahaMvAda se bilakula bhinna hai| isake AdhAra para AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta nirmita ho sakate haiN| svArthavAdI ahaMvAda ke AdhAra se to kevala naitika asta-vyastatA hI hAtha lgegii| - sukarAta sukarAta ne apane yuga kI bauddhika aura naitika arAjakatA se saMgharSa kiyA aura sophisToM kI Atmagata aura sApekSa naitikatA kA virodha kiyA kyoMki unhoMne naitikatA ko vyaktigata mauja banA diyA thaa| sukarAta ne proTogorasa kI dRSTi ko svIkAra kiyaa| isake anusAra zubha - mAnavIya kalyANa hai, kintu usase isa bAta meM bheda thA ki yaha vyaktiyoM kI parivartanazIla abhiruciyoM se svatantra hai| yaha Atmagata nahIM hai, vastuniSTha hai, kyoMki isako hama sAmAnya dhAraNAoM ke AdhAra para samajha sakate haiM aura ye dhAraNAe~ buddhi kI upaja haiM jo manuSya meM eka sArvalaukika tattva haiM aura isakA zubha ke sAtha tAdAtmya hai| isa taraha se sukarAta ke anusAra jJAna uccatama zubha hai| isa dRSTikoNa kA pariNAma yaha hai ki koI bhI vyakti aicchika rUpa se burA nahIM hotA / jainadharma sukarAta kI dRSTi ko itanA hI svIkAra karegA ki samyagjJAna cAritra ke lie Avazyaka hai kintu vaha isa bAta ko svIkAra nahIM karatA hai ki vaha Avazyaka rUpa se zubha utpanna kregaa| AtmA meM jo kaSAyeM haiM unako hama bhUla nahIM skte| ye kaSAyeM manuSya ke AtmA ke kalyANa ko rokatI haiN| sukarAta kI dRSTi hai ki jJAna zubha hotA hai| (66) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #101
isako pramANita mAnA jA sakatA hai yadi vyakti rahasyAtmaka U~cAIyoM ko prApta kara leM kintu saMbhavata: sukarAta kA yaha abhiprAya nahIM thA / vAstavika zubha manuSya kA zubha hai, yaha jaina dRSTikoNa se ucita hai| uccatama zubha AdhyAtmika hotA hai aura anucita kriyAe~ AdhyAtmika vikAsa ko avaruddha karatI haiN| sukarAta ke paMtha sukarAta kI nItizAstra kI bahumukhI dRSTi ke kAraNa eka-dUsare se virAdhI paMtha utpanna hue jo sinika aura sirenaika ke nAma se prasiddha hue| donoM paMtha mAnavIya kalyANa ko uccatama zubha mAnate haiM kintu unameM kalyANa ke viSaya ko lekara bheda hai| sinika kA kahanA hai jIvana kA Adarza sArI icchAoM ko samApta karanA hai aura saba prakAra ke parigraha aura AvazyakatAoM se svataMtra honA hai| vaha pUrNa saMnyAsa aura kaThora tapasyA ko prastAvita karatA hai | sirenaiksa ne sarvAdhika sukha kI prApti para jora diyA yadyapi unhoMne zArIrika sukhoM kI prazaMsA kI kintu ye indriya bhoga aura pazutA se bace kyoMki unhoMne kahA ki zubha ke cunAva meM buddhi kA upayoga Avazyaka hai| buddhimAna vyakti AtmasaMyama vikasita karatA hai tathA adhika sukha aura kama duHkha kA cunAva karatA hai| jaina dRSTikoNa se sinika kA Adarza prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| jaba taka AtmA - sthira na ho mAtra niSedha kahIM nahIM le jAtA hai| aMtaraMga aura bAhya aparigraha binA AdhyAtmika svAmitva ke prApta nahIM kiyA jA sktaa| sinika ne vyaktigata zubha kA sAmAjika sukha se sAmaMjasya nahIM kiyaa| jaina dRSTikoNa se gRhastha kA jIvana aura muni kA jIvana vyakti ke utthAna ke lie saMtulana rakhatA hai| korA ahaMvAda AtmaghAtI hai kintu AdhyAtmika ahaMvAda sAmAjika zubha se saMgata hai| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (67)

Page #102
jisakA udAharaNa AcArya aura arihaMta kA jIvana hai| siniksa sAmAjika aparigraha kI dhAraNA ko vikasita nahIM kara ske| jisakA pariNAma yaha huA ki sAmAjika jIvana kA AdhAra khatare meM par3a gyaa| jainadharma ke anusAra aNuvrata tapasvI jIvana aura indriyabhogoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai| mahAvratoM kA jIvana yadyapi vyaktivAdI pravRtti hai kintu sAmAjika zubha se asaMgata nahIM hai| sirenaiksa sukha kI ahaMvAdI dizA meM bddh'e| yaha dRSTi jainadharma ko svIkRta nahIM hai| sukhavAdI ahaMvAda zArIrika cetanA se pare nahIM jAtA hai aura yaha. paropakArI kAryoM ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| pleTo aura arastu pleTo ke anusAra pratyayoM' ke lokAtIta jagata se satya kA nirmANa hotA hai aura buddhi AtmA kA sarvotkRSTa pakSa hai| saMsArI vastue~ 'pratyayoM' kI chAyA haiN| pariNAmasvarUpa vastuoM kI taraha zarIra aura indriyA~ bhI AtmA ke svabhAva se bhinna haiN| vyakti kA vAstavika jIvana AtmA kA zarIra se svataMtra honA hai aura pratyaya' jagata kA ciMtana karanA hai| jIvana kA vAstavika uddezya bhUtakAla kI smRtiyoM ko cetanA ke stara para lAnA hai jaba ki AtmA ne 'pratyayoM' kA jJAna kiyA thaa| jIvana kI vAstavika kalA indriya jagata se marane kI kalA hai jisase nirapekSa zubha aura saundarya se ekatva sthApita ho ske| pleTo kI yaha tapasvI pravRtti rahasyavAda meM samApta hotI hai| pleTo ke naitika Adarza kA eka dUsarA pahalU bhI hai jisake anusAra jagata kI vastue~ pratyaya' jagata meM sahabhAgI hotI haiN| AtmA kA 5. Outlines History of Ethic, P.41 6. History of Philosophy, P.91 (68) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #103
zarIra ke kArAgRha meM rahanA bauddhika bhAga ko abauddhika bhAga se mizraNa karanA hai| isa dRSTikoNa se naitika Adarza AtmA ke vibhinna bhAgoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karanA hai| AtmA ke abauddhika bhAga naSTa nahIM hote haiM kintu buddhi kI adhInatA svIkAra kara lete haiN| aisA manuSya mitroM ko aura deza ko corI va dhokhA nahIM degA aura usake jIvana meM Ananda phalita hogaa| isa taraha pleTo ke isa dRSTikoNa ne saMkucita tapasyAvAda ko TAlA aura sAmAjika zubha ke lie sthAna banAyA / arastu ne pleTo ke lokAtItavAda kA khaNDana kiyA aura vastuoM meM 'pratyayoM' ko vyApta batAyA aura bauddhika jIvana ko naitika Adarza ke rUpa meM pratipAdita kiyaa| usake anusAra bauddhika jIvana kI anubhUti sarvopari hai| manuSya ke abauddhika ( vAsanAtmaka) bhAgoM kA bauddhika bhAgoM se arastu ne samanvaya karane kA prayAsa kiyaa| bauddhika niyaMtraNa ke kAraNa abauddhika bhAgoM kA sAmAjika kalyANa ke lie upayoga kiyA jA sakatA hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra zubhopayogI buddhi ( mahAvratI buddhi) kI tulanA bauddhika jIvana se kI jA sakatI hai kintu jainadarzana ke anusAra abauddhika (vAsanAtmaka) bhAga zubhopayogI jIvana meM koI mahattva nahIM rakhatA hai| phira bhI jainadarzana ke anusAra vAsanArahita zubhopayoga kA sAmAjika kalyANa se virodha nahIM hai, kintu yaha zubhopayogI buddhi bahuta thor3e logoM ke dvArA hI prApta kI jA sakatI hai| ataH arastu kI dRSTi jisameM bauddhika va abauddhika sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA gayA hai usakI tulanA aNuvrata kI dhAraNA se kI jA sakatI hai| aNuvrata kI dhAraNA meM 7. History of Philosophy, P. 90 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (69)

Page #104
bauddhika jIvana aura abauddhika ( vAsanAtmaka) jIvana meM sAmaMjasya hai| inake anusAra sAmAjika kalyANa to saMbhava hai kintu vyaktigata zubha pUrNatayA prApta nahIM ho sakatA kyoMki jIvana meM abauddhika bhAga ko pUrNatayA aNuvratoM ke jIvana meM samApta nahIM kiyA jA sakatA / bainthama aura mila bainthama aura mila upayogitAvAda ke mukhya pravartaka haiN| unake anusAra uccatama Adarza hai- " adhikatama logoM kA adhikatama sukha / " ye donoM cintaka ahaMvAda se sArvalaukikavAda kI ora bar3hane kA dAvA karate haiM kintu ye isameM pUrNatayA saphala nahIM ho ske| bainthama ne ahaMvAdI vicAradhArA ke sAtha indriyasukha kI mAtrA ke mApadaNDa ko upayogitAvAda kA AdhAra btaayaa| unakA kahanA hai ki manuSya usa samaya taka dUsaroM kI sevA nahIM karegA jaba taka usakA svayaM kA koI lAbha na ho| isa taraha se vaha ahaMvAdI upayogitAvAda kA pravartaka bana gayA kyoMki svArtha usake upayogitAvAda kA AdhAra bnaa| jainadharma ke anusAra jIvana meM aise bahuta se avasara Ate haiM jahA~ manuSya apanI hAni karake bhI dUsaroM kI sevA karate haiM / manovaijJAnika tathya ko AcArazAstra kI garimA ke stara para nahIM rakhanA caahie| jaina AcAra una kriyAoM kI prazaMsA karatA hai jo vyaktigata svArthoM se Upara uThakara kI jAtI haiN| isake atirikta jaina AcAra kA mAnanA hai ki indriyasukhavAda ko Atma niyaMtraNa se rokA jAnA cAhie / mila kA upayogitAvAda sahAnubhUtipUrNa upayogitAvAda kahalAtA hai| usake anusAra manuSya paropakArI AcaraNa mAnavatA ke sukha ke lie apanAtA hai aura U~ce aura nIce sukhoM meM bheda karatA hai / isa bheda kA mApadaNDa mila ke anusAra 'garimA kA prAkRtika bhAva' hai| (70) - Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #105
se jainadharma bhI sukhoM meM to bheda karatA hai kintu usakA mApadaNDa ahiMsA hotA hai| usa ahiMsA ke AdhAra para manuSya parArtha ke bahuta kArya kara sakatA hai| aisA karanA ahiMsA ke siddhAnta ke anurUpa hai| jaina AcAra adhikatama logoM ke adhikatama sukha ke sthAna para sabhI logoM ke adhikatama sukha ko svIkAra karatA hai| saca to yaha hai ki ahiMsA kA anubhava uccatama Adarza hai aura sukha usake phalasvarUpa prApta hotA hai| upayogitAvAdI mAtra bhAva ko uccatama Adarza batAtA hai| jo anupayukta hI pratIta hotA hai kyoMki Adarza jJAnAtmaka aura kriyAtmaka jIvana kA pahalU hai| kAnTa kAnTa ke anusAra uccatama zubha aise naitika niyama ke sammAna meM kArya karanA hai jo nirapekSa rUpa se binA paristhiti, pariNAma aura bhAvAtmaka rUpa ke Adezita hai| vaha kahatA hai- "isa saMsAra meM zubha saMkalpa ke atirikta koI bhI vastu nirapekSa rUpa se zubha nahIM kahI jA sakatI hai|" nirapekSa Adeza pratipAdita karatA hai ki "aise niyama ke anusAra kArya karo jo sArvalaukika bana skeN|" isa prakAra hI bauddhika prANiyoM kA samAja bana skegaa| jainadharma ke anusAra tIrthaMkara hI aisA yogI hai jo paristhitiyoM, pariNAmoM aura bhAvanAoM se sImita nahIM hotA hai| kintu jainadharma kA kahanA hai ki aise yogI ke kArya Ananda utpanna karate haiN| jainadharma ke anusAra kAnTa naitikatA aura parA naitikatA ko gaDDamaDDa kara detA hai aura tarka kI nirapekSa paddhati ke kAraNa vizeSa paristhitiyoM para dhyAna nahIM de pAtA hai| kAnTa ke anusAra brahmacarya aura garIboM ko dAna naitika niyama nahIM banAye jA sakate haiN| ye niyama sArvalaukika hone para svayaM hI naSTa ho jaayeNge| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (71)

Page #106
jainadharma ke anusAra isa jagata meM koI bhI vastu jo zubha kahI jA sakatI hai vaha sabhI prANiyoM kI ahiMsA hai| ye siddhAnta vizeSa paristhitiyoM meM bhI lAgU kiyA jA sakatA hai| isake atirikta zubha bhAvoM ko naitikatA ke jIvana se nahIM haTAyA jA sakatA hai| kAnTa ne zubha bhAvoM ko naitikatA ke kSetra se bAhara nikAla diyA jo niSkAsana naitika jIvana ke lie hAnikAraka hai| sAMsArika jIvana meM karuNA va sahAnubhUti kA atyanta mahattva hai inheM kAnTa bilakula hI mahattva nahIM detA hai| sadguNa- sophisTa, sukarAta, pleTo aura arastu sophisToM ne sadguNa ko svArtha se jodd'aa| sukarAta ne kahA'jJAna hI sadguNa' hai| jJAna hI Avazyaka aura paryApta zarta haiM sadguNa kii| jJAna ke binA sadguNa asaMbhava hai aura kevala isake hone se hI sadguNAtmaka karma saMbhava ho jAte haiN| isa dhAraNA ke kAraNa sukarAta ne kahA ki sadguNa kA zikSaNa ho sakatA hai aura yaha eka hai| bhinna-bhinna sadguNa jaise dhairya, paropakAra Adi eka jJAna se hI utpanna hote haiN| pleTo ke anusAra cAra prakAra ke mukhya sadguNa haiN| pahalA, buddhi se utpanna sadguNa jJAna hai; dUsarA, saMvega bhAvoM se utpanna sadguNa sAhasa hai; tIsarA, vAsanA se utpanna sadguNa saMyama hai aura cauthA sadguNa nyAya hai| nyAya kA sadguNa buddhi, saMvega aura vAsanA kA saMtulita vikAsa hai| arastu ne do prakAra ke sadguNa kahe- (1) bauddhika aura (2) naitik| tArkika jIvana bauddhika sadguNa hai aura jIvana meM madhyama mArga naitika sadguNa hai| udAharaNArtha- udAratA kA artha hai- ativyaya aura kRpaNatA kA mdhy| sAhasa kA artha hai- dussAhasa aura kAyaratA kA mdhy| kucha 8. History of Philosophy, P.70 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #107
pApoM meM yaha siddhAnta lAgU nahIM kiyA jAtA hai jaise- vyabhicAra, corI Adi kyoMki ye arastu ke anusAra apane Apa meM hI azubha haiN| __ jaina AcAra ke anusAra arastu kA madhya maMda kaSAya hai| sadguNa kA nirNaya buddhimAna vyakti kA nirNaya kahA jA sakatA hai| jainadharma ke anusAra arihaMta, AcArya, upAdhyAya Adi ke nirNaya bhI sadguNa kI koTi meM kahe jA sakate haiM kintu jainadharma ne hameM ahiMsA kA mApadaNDa sadguNoM ke nirNaya ke liye diyA hai| pleTo ke dvArA varNita sadguNa muni ke jIvana meM pUrNatayA kintu gRhastha ke jIvana meM AMzika rUpa se pAlana kiye jA sakate haiN| aNuvratoM kA jIvana pUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA ke lie paryApta hai kintu vyakti kI pUrNatA ke lie mahAvratoM kA jIvana anivArya hai| sadguNoM kA vargIkaraNa - jainadharma ke anusAra mukhya sadguNa isa prakAra haiM- (1) samyagdarzana (AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa), (2) svAdhyAya, (3) ahiMsA, (4) satya, (5) asteya, (6) brahmacarya, (7) aparigraha, (8) dhyAna aura (9) bhkti| jainadharma ke anusAra vistRta sadguNa isa prakAra haiM(1) vyaktigata guNa (i) sarAgasaMyama (azubha pravRtti kA tyAga), (ii) zauca, (ii) mArdava," (iv) Arjava," (v) satya, (vi) asteya," (vii) brahmacarya,15 9... sarvArthasiddhi, 6/12 10. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6 11. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6 12. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6 13. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6 . 14. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 15. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (73) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #108
(viii) ni:zaMkA," (ix) ni:kAMkSA, 17 (x) amUr3hatA, 18 (xi) anarthadaNDatyAga (asAra kAryoM kA tyAga ) 19 aura (xii) ATha prakAra ke madoM ko ttaalnaa| 20 (2) sAmAjika guNa 21 (i) bhUta - anukampA (saba prANiyoM para anukampA ) aura maitrI, 2 (ii) dAna, 22 (iii) nirvicikitsA, 23 (iv) pramoda, 24 (v) karuNA, 25 (vi) madhyasthatA, 26 (vii) aparigraha, 27 (viii) ahiMsA, 28 (ix) kSamA 29 aura (x) prabhAvanA | 30 16. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 17. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 18. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 19. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/21 20. mUlAcAra, 53 21. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/12, 7/11 22. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/12, 7/11 23. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 24. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/11 25. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/11 26. paJcAstikAya, 137 27. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/11 28. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 29. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/1 30. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6 (74) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #109
(3) AdhyAtmika guNa ___(i) zArIrika tapa, (ii) parISahajaya, (iii) svAdhyAya, (iv) dhyAna,34 (v) deva, zAstra aura guru kI bhakti, (vi) sAta prakAra ke bhaya kA tyAga,6 (vii) vairAgya," (vii) vaiyAvRttya,38 (ix) samyagdarzana,39 (x) AkiJcana, (xi) prAyazcitta," (xii) vAtsalya,42 (xiii) nidrA,43 Asana aura bhojana kI icchA para vijaya, (xiv) bhojana kI zuddhatA,45 (xv) sallekhanA aura (xvi) sthitiikrnn| 31. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 32. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/19 33. sarvArthasiddhi, .9/9 34. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/20 35. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/20 36. sarvArthasiddhi, 6/24 mUlAcAra, 9/20 38. sarvArthasiddhi, 7/12, 9/7 39. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/20 40. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/24 41. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/6 . * 42. sarvArthasiddhi, 9/20 43. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 44. . . mokSapAhuDa, 63 mUlAcAra, 421 sarvArthasiddhi, 7/22 47. cAritrapAhuDa, 7 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #110
navA~ adhyAya jaina AcAra aura vartamAna samasyAe~ . sarvaprathama hameM yaha svIkAra karanA cAhie ki vartamAna manuSya eka aisI duniyA meM raha rahA hai jo prAcIna yA madhyakAlInaM manuSya se adhika jaTila hai| rASTroM meM eka-dUsare para nirbharatA bar3ha gayI hai aura usase gaMbhIra aura vyApaka prabhAva hamAre arthika, bauddhika aura sAmAjika sthitiyoM para par3A hai| vijJAna ne dezoM ko eka-dUsare kA par3ausI banA diyA hai| bhinna-bhinna jAtiyA~, bhinna-bhinna saMskRtiyA~ aura bhinna-bhinna dRSTikoNa eka-dUsare ke nikaTa Aye haiN| prastuta adhyAya meM hama rAjya aura samAja kA aisA dRSTikoNa rakhane kA prayAsa kareMge jo jaina AcArazAstra ke vicAroM se utpanna hotA hai aura hama prayAsa kareMge una samasyAoM ke samAdhAna kA jo sAmAjika, rASTriya aura antarrASTriya mahattva kI haiM aura jo vartamAna manuSya ke sammukha khar3I haiN| vyakti aura samAja yaha kahA jAtA hai ki jaina AcArazAstra kevala Atmazuddhi aura AtmavikAsa kI ora dhyAna detA hai| pro. maitrA kA kathana hai ki jaina AcAra sAmAjika sadguNoM arthAt paropakAritA, sahayoga aura sAmAjika sevA ko sammilita nahIM karatA hai|" isase yaha niSkarSa nikalatA hai ki jaina sadguNa sAmAjika sevA kI apekSA Atma-utthAna ko mahattva dete - 1. The Ethics of the Hindus, P.203 Ethical Doctrines in Jainism TIC For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #111
haiM kintu pichale adhyAya meM hamane sadguNoM kA jo vargIkaraNa kiyA hai usase yaha kathana tarkasaMgata pratIta nahIM hotA hai aura hama yaha kaha sakate haiM ki jaina AcAra vyakti aura sAmAjika vikAsa donoM dRSTiyA~ rakhatA hai| yaha vyakti ko sAmAjika prANI mAnatA hai kyoMki vyakti kI samAja para bauddhika, naitika aura bhautika lAbha ke lie AzritatA akhaMDanIya sAdhu bhI apanI sAmAjika nirbharatA kI mAnyatA kA khaMDana karane meM asamartha hai| yadyapi sAdhu-avasthA meM nirbharatA kI dhAraNA meM kAphI parivartana hotA hai| vAstavika sAdhutA kRtaghnatA kA kArya nahIM hai kintu sarvocca kRtajJatA kA kArya hai arthAt sAdhu-jIvana samAja ko cA~dI ke sikkoM ke badale sone ke sikke lauTAtA hai| sAdhu apane saMyama ke kAraNa puNya kA saMgraha karatA hai jo kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM sAmAjika RNa hai| yaha sAmAjika RNa nirantara janmoM ke lie uttaradAyI hai, jaba taka pUrNa RNa nahIM cuka jAtA hai| usakI samAja para yaha nirbharatA sammAnajanaka hai| - tIrthaMkara yA divya manuSya jo sAmAjika nirbharatA se pare cale gaye haiM, ve bhI duHkhI mAnavatA ko upadeza aura AdhyAtmika mArgadarzana dekara sAmAjika upakAra karate haiM, yaha upakAra bhaviSya ke janma ko utpanna nahIM karatA hai| isa prakAra kA sAmAjika upakAra apUrva hotA hai| isake samAna koI dUsarA nahIM hai| - isa prakAra hama dekhate haiM ki sAmAjika nirbharatA zanaiH-zanaiH kama ho jAtI hai aura pUrNa svatantratA meM parivartita ho jAtI hai| aise stara para hI hama kahane meM samartha haiM ki vyakti sAmAjika RNa se pUrNatayA mukta hai| isake pariNAmasvarUpa jainadharma kA kahanA hai ki vyakti sAmAjika DhA~ce Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (77) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #112
para pUrNatayA nirbhara nahIM hotA hai| sAmAjika nirbharatA AdhyAtmika vyaktitva prApta karane kI svatantratA ko chIna nahIM sakatI hai| vyakti sAmAjika mazIna meM kevala eka dA~tA nahIM hai| jainadharma aise vyaktitva ko svIkAra nahIM karatA jo sAmAjika uttaradAyitva kI upekSA karatA ho| isa taraha se vAstavika dRSTikoNa mAnatA hai ki vyakti aura samAja eka-dUsare ko prabhAvita karate haiN| vyakti samAja ko gar3hatA hai aura samAja ke dvArA vaha gar3hA jAtA hai| isa taraha vyakti samAja para nirbhara hotA hai, kintu vaha zanaiH-zanaiH samAja se svataMtra ho jAtA hai, nirbharatA tyAga detA rAjya kI dhAraNA aura usake kArya yaha kahanA atizayokti nahIM hai ki aNuvratoM aura zIlavratoM kA pAlana karane se rAjyarahita samAja kA vikAsa ho sakatA hai| rAjanaitika zakti aise vyaktiyoM ke udaya hone se jinakA jIvana Atma-niyaMtrita hai anAvazyaka ho jaayegii| gRhastha ke ye vrata-aparigraha, satya, asteya, digvrata, dezavrata va bhogopabhogaparimANavrata Arthika samasyAoM ko hala karane meM samartha hoMge aura brahmacarya, sAmAyika aura proSadhopavAsa ye vyakti ko Atma-saMyama meM zikSita karane ke lie sakArAtmaka rUpa se aura anarthadaNDatyAgavata niSedhAtmaka rUpa se paryApta hoNge| vaiyAvRttya ke kAraNa sAmAjika sevA kI bhAvanA ko poSaNa milegaa| aMta meM ahiMsA vyApaka siddhAnta ke rUpa meM kArya kregii| jaba samAja ina vratoM kA pAlana karegA to rAjya jo samAja kA bAhya AvaraNa hai usako chor3anA pdd'egaa| isa taraha rAjya samApta ho jaayegaa| eka sajaga sAmAjika vyavasthA kA astitva rAjya ke binA ho sakatA hai kintu yaha Adarza vyavasthA hai aura isakA kabhI bhI kriyAnvayana nahIM ho skegaa| saMbhavatayA aisA samaya (78) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #113
kabhI nahIM hogA jaba sabhI vyakti Atma-niyaMtrita ho jaayeN| ata: kisI na kisI rUpa meM rAjya kA astitva rhegaa| isa prakAra mAnavIya apUrNatA ke kAraNa rAjya kA niyaMtraNa va adhikAra Avazyaka rhegaa| niHsandeha rAjya eka burAI hai kintu yaha eka Avazyaka burAI hai| rAjya ko cAhie ki vaha apane kAryoM kI vyavasthA isa prakAra kare ki jisase vaha pUrNa sAmAjika vyavasthA ke vikAsa meM sahayogI bana ske| rASTriya aura antarrASTriya kriyAkalApoM ko ahiMsA aura anekAnta ke siddhAnta para AdhArita honA caahie| rAjya manuSya ke AdhyAtmika svarUpa meM hastakSepa ke binA ucita prakAra se kArya kara sake isake lie rAjya samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra se tAdAtmya sthApita kre| rAjya kI nIti aisI honI cAhie ki vaha ahiMsA ke siddhAnta meM dRr3ha zraddhA kA digdarzana kraaye| isase rAjya samyagzraddhA prApta karegA jisake phalasvarUpa samyagjJAna utpanna hogaa| anekAnta kA aMgIkAra karanA samyagjJAna hai| rAjya kI rASTriya aura antarrASTriya samasyAoM ke samAdhAna hetu ahiMsA aura anekAnta kA pAlana samyakcAritra hogaa| kisI bhI rAjya se ghRNA va bhaya, manuSya ke kisI bhI varga ke prati ghRNA aura dUsare rAjyoM ke prati mAyAcAra, apane rAjya ko bar3hAne kA lAlaca aura dUsare rAjyoM ke dhana aura svataMtratA ko chInanA, dhana, zakti, vikAsa aura paramparA kA mada- ye sabhI rAjya se dUra haTA dene cAhie kyoMki ye rAjya ke vAstavika vikAsa ko vikRta kara dete haiN| rAjya ko usa anuzAsana kA pAlana karanA cAhie jo samyagdarzana, samyagjJAna aura samyakcAritra se prasUta hotA hai| udAharaNArtha- ATha sadguNa samyagdarzana se utpanna hote haiM, eka samyagjJAna se aura pA~ca samyakcAritra se niHsRta hote haiN| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (79) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #114
-- rAjya ke sadguNa ___ samyagdarzana se rAjya ke lie jo sadguNa utpanna hote haiM ve isa prakAra haiM- prathama, ahiMsA kI prabhAvotpAdakatA meM rASTriya aura antarrASTriya samasyAoM ko hala karane ke lie rAjya ko jarA sA bhI saMdeha nahIM karanA caahie| bhaya jo ahiMsA ke vizvAsa meM bAdhA utpanna karatA hai use haTA denA caahie| ahiMsA ko kAyaratA aura majabUrI kA guNa nahIM samajhanA caahie| isako upayogitA kA hathiyAra mAnanA rAjya ke ni:zaMkita sadguNa ko vikRta karanevAlA mAnA jAnA caahie| pariNAmasvarUpa isameM dRr3ha zraddhA rAjya kI kaThina paristhitiyoM meM bhI aparivartanIya rhegii| dUsarA, rAjya ko kisI bhI paristhiti meM dUsare dezoM kI upalabdhiyoM ko dekhakara una para zAsana karane kI pravRtti nahIM dikhAnI caahie| kisI rAjya kI madada karane meM usa para zAsana karane kI bhAvanA nahIM honI caahie| yaha rAjya kA ni:kAMkSita sadguNa hai| tIsarA, nirvicikitsA sadguNa ke anusAra rAjya ko garIboM kI avahelanA nahIM karanI caahie| cauthA, amUDhadRSTi sadguNa yaha batAtA hai ki rAjya ko bhaya, hInatA aura lAlaca ke vazIbhUta hokara sainika anubaMdha meM sammilita nahIM honA cAhie / pA~cavA~, jaba rAjya apanI utpAdana zakti ko bar3hAtA hai to usake sAtha ucita vibhAjana kI bhI vyavasthA karanI caahie| yaha usakA upabRMhaNa sadguNa hai| chaThA, jaba dUsare rAjya bhaya, lAlaca Adi kaSAyoM se ucita aura zAMti ke mArga se bhramita ho jAye to usako mAnavIya uddezyoM kI yAda dilAkara punaHsthApita karanA sthitIkaraNa sadguNa kahalAtA hai| sAtavA~, rAjya ke sabhI sadasyoM ke prati binA kisI jAti, raMga, mata aura liMga ke pakSapAta ke prema rakhanA vAtsalya sadguNa kahalAtA hai| AThavA~, yaha rAjya ke lie Avazyaka hai ki vaha apane sadasyoM ko zikSita kare jisase rAjya kA vikAsa ho aura ahiMsA ke sAdhanoM kA (80) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #115
isa prakAra upayoga kare ki dUsare rAjya bhI isakI nIti se prabhAvita hoN| isase siddhAnta aura nItiyoM kA pracAra dUsare rAjyoM meM bhI hogaa| yaha rAjya kA prabhAvanA sadguNa hai| jo sadguNa samyagjJAna se utpanna hotA hai vaha hai- anekaant| jisakA uddezya vibhinna dRSTikoNoM ko sammilita karanA hai jisase unameM sAmaMjasya sthApita kiyA jA ske| jaba rAjya anekAnta kI bhAvanA ko grahaNa kara letA hai to yaha sahanazIla ho jAtA hai aura usake vibhinna pakSoM para dhyAna detA hai| anekAnta kA siddhAnta ekAntavAda ko vyavahAra meM se hI haTA detA hai| nirapekSa dRSTi ke kAraNa rAjya dUsare rAjyoM ke prati jinakA jIvana bhinna prakAra kA hotA hai unake prati niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanA letA hai kintu anekAnta hamArI dRSTi ko vyApaka karatA hai aura eka dRSTi kI nirapekSatA ko samApta kara detA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa yaha antarrASTriya bhAvanAoM kA poSaNa karatA hai aura anekAntavAdI dRSTikoNa samasyA ke samAdhAna hetu apanAtA hai| yaha dUsare rAjyoM ke prati sahAnubhUtipUrNa dRSTikoNa apanAtA hai| yahA~ kahanA anucita na hogA ki yuddha ekAntavAda kA pariNAma hotA hai jaba ki zAnti bahumukhI dRSTikoNa se utpanna hotI hai| paravartI dRSTikoNa rAjya ko anizcayI nahIM banAtA hai kintu yaha saMzleSAtmaka dRSTikoNa ko apanAtA hai aura vibhinna dRSTikoNoM meM sAmaMjasya sthApita karatA hai| . samyakcAritra rAjya ko pA~ca sadguNoM kA gaurava pradAna karatA hai arthAt ahiMsA, satya, asteya, brahmacarya aura aprigrh| prathama, ahiMsA kI paripUrNatA rAjya meM gRhastha ke samAna Atma-virodhI hogii| jaba taka rAjya hai taba taka kisI-na-kisI rUpa meM hiMsA anivArya rhegii| jisa prakAra gRhastha muni ke samAna hiMsA nahIM TAla sakatA usI prakAra rAjya Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta ____(81) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #116
bhI pUrNatayA hiMsA ko nahIM TAla sakatA kyoMki rAjya-viruddha aura samAja-viruddha pravRttiyA~ astitva meM raha sakatI haiN| unake vyavadhAna ko rokane ke lie bAharI niyaMtraNa Avazyaka hai| hiMsA icchApUrvaka nahIM kI jAyegI kintu yaha eka Atma-surakSA kA hathiyAra rhegii| bala kA prayoga karate hue bhI rAjya ke lie yaha Avazyaka hai ki vaha ahiMsA kA vAtAvaraNa bnaaye| yahA~ hama batAnA cAhate haiM ki yaha sadguNa kevala manuSyoM taka hI sImita nahIM honA caahie| kintu anya prANiyoM ko bhI isakA lAbha milanA cAhie kyoMki manuSyetara prANiyoM kI hiMsA ahiMsA kI bhAvanA ke viruddha hai aura amAnavIya pratIta hotI hai| nazIlI vastuoM ke prayoga para pratibaMdha lagAyA jAnA cAhie aura inake prayoga ke viruddha sAmAjika cetanA jagAyI jAnI caahie| ahiMsA kA gaMbhIra mahattva yuddha ke TAlane meM hai kyoMki yuddha ne manuSya ko sabhyatA ke udayakAla se hI kaSTa diyA hai| yuddha ko Avazyaka nahIM samajhA jAnA cAhie jaisA ki nitse, musolinI aura kaI dUsaroM ne socA hai| do vizvayuddhoM ne bhayaMkara barbAdI kI hai| antarrASTriya saMsthA kI sthApanA aura nirastrIkaraNa kI pravRtti yaha batAtI hai ki yuddha aura hiMsA se antarrASTriya vivAda hala nahIM kiye jA skte| rAjyoM kA ApasI tanAva-nivAraNa, vizvazAnti aura mAnavIyaM kalyANa kA unnayana ahiMsA ke vAtAvaraNa ke nirmANa se hI ho sakatA hai| isa taraha se ahiMsA kA siddhAnta yaha batAtA hai ki bala ke sthAna para sahanazakti aura ApasI sahayoga kA prayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| dvitIya, rAjya meM ApasI saMbaMdha satya ke AdhAra para honA caahie| atizayokti, chidrAnveSaNa aura azobhanIya bhASA ke prayoga ko rAjya ke vyavahAra meM se niSkAsita kiyA jAnA caahie| (82) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #117
tRtIya, rAjya ke dvArA dUsaroM ke adhikAroM kA sammAna karanA acaurya hai| upanivezavAda corI hai aura dUsare rAjyoM para prabhutva jamAnA DakaitI hai| ata: isakI nindA kI jAnI caahie| caturtha, brahmacarya yaha batalAtA hai ki rAjya ko apanI zakti sainya vyavasthA meM, aNu zastra ke nirmANa meM barbAda nahIM karanA caahie| rAjya kA dhana aura zakti mAnava-kalyANa meM lagAyI jAnI caahie| ___pA~cavA~, aparigraha ke sadguNa se abhiprAya hai ki rAjya ko dUsare rAjyoM ke dhana ke pIche nahIM daur3anA caahie| atirikta utpAdana dUsare rAjyoM ke lie kAma meM liye jAne caahie| rAjya ko sAmrAjyavAdI pravRtti nahIM apanAnA caahie| aparigraha kA sadguNa pUMjIvAda aura sAmyavAda ke madhya sthita mAnA jA sakatA hai| sadguNoM kA uparyukta varNana jisakA saMbaMdha rAjya se hai usake AdhAra para hameM yaha svIkAra karanA hogA ki rAjya mAnava ke vyaktitva ke vikAsa ke lie Avazyaka hai| vyakti apanA bhAga rAjya ko pradAna karatA hai jisase vyakti kA bhautika aura AdhyAtmika vikAsa ho ske| jisa prakAra bhautika pichar3Apana vyakti ke vikAsa ko rokatA hai usI prakAra rAjya bhI bhautika sAdhanoM ke binA azakta ho jAtA hai| kintu bhautikavAda rUpI ghor3oM kI lagAma adhyAtmavAda ke hAthoM meM honI caahie| uparyukta sadguNa rAjya meM santulita dRSTikoNa utpanna karane ke lie paryApta haiN| ahiMsA aura aparigraha ke sadguNa sArvalaukika zAMti sthApita karane meM samartha hai| ahiMsA rAjya meM usa samaya taka vikasita nahIM kI jA sakatI jaba taka lobha kaSAya kA unmUlana na kara diyA jaae| hiMsA kA mUla kAraNa bhautika vastue~ haiN| aparigraha ke sadguNa ke mahattva Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (83) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #118
ko antarrASTriya stara para samajhane se ahiMsA kA dRSTikoNa vikasita ho skegaa| vyakti aura samAja kI jaina dhAraNA, rAjyavihIna samAja kI saMbhAvanA aura rAjya ke ve sadguNa jinase rASTriya aura antarrASTriya samasyAoM kA samAdhAna saMbhava hai - inakA vicAra karane ke pazcAt aba hama jAtivAda ke prati jainadharma ke dRSTikoNa para vicAra kreNge| jainadharma jAtivAda ko ghRNA kI dRSTi se dekhatA hai| eka jAti kI dUsarI jAti se uccatA jaina AcAra se saMgata nahIM hai| jAtivAda eka burAI hai aura yaha ghRNA aura ahaMkAra kI kaSAya para Azrita hai| ye donoM hI tIvra kaSAyeM haiM, ataH ve pApa haiN| jaina AgamoM meM aise saMdarbha prApta hote haiM jinake anusAra guNa jAti kA nirNAyaka hotA hai na ki janma | AtmAnubhava se jAti kA koI bhI saMbaMdha nahIM hai| uttarAdhyayana kA kathana hai ki harikezI jo achUta thA usane tapoM ke pAlana se muni-jIvana prApta kiyaa| zubha cAritra hI sammAna kA viSaya hai, na ki jAti / jAtivAda kAlpanika hai aura asatya meM sthApita hai| AcArya amitagati kA kathana hai ki jAtivAda kisI bhI prakAra kI guNayukta prApti karAne meM asamartha hai| jIvana meM yogyatA satya, tapa, dhyAna aura svAdhyAya se utpanna hotI hai / cAritra meM bheda se hI jAti meM bheda hotA hai / jAti kevala eka hI hai, vaha hai - mnussytaa| jIvana meM yogyatA jAti kA AdhAra hotI hai aura jAti kA ahaMkAra samyagjIvana ko naSTa kara detA hai| yadi Adhunika prajAtaMtra ko saphala honA hai to jAtivAda samApta honA caahie| jAtivAda aura prajAtaMtra eka-dUsare ke virodhI haiN| (84) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #119
dasavA~ adhyAya sArAMza paramparA ke anusAra jainadharma apane udgama ke lie RSabhadeva kA RNI hai jo caubIsa tIrthaMkaroM meM prathama haiN| yajurveda aura bhAgavatapurANa isa dRSTi kA samarthana karate haiM ki RSabhadeva jainadharma ke saMsthApaka the| jainadarzana aura jaina AcAra kA cintana vartamAna sthiti meM hamAre jJAna ko aitihAsika rUpa se tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha taka le jAtA hai| pArzvanAtha ke dharma ko cAturyAma dharma kahA gayA hai jaba ki mahAvIra dvArA jo spaSTIkaraNa kiyA gayA vaha thA pArzvanAtha ke cAra vratoM meM pA~caveM vrata brahmacarya kI spaSTa rUpa se vRddhi| caubIsaveM tIrthaMkara mahAvIra ne spaSTIkaraNa ke dvArA apane pUrvavartI arthAt teIsaveM tIrthaMkara pArzvanAtha ke dharmamata ko unnata kiyA aura nayA dharmamata sthApita nahIM kiyaa| pro. ghATage kA kathana hai ki mahAvIra eka vidyamAna dharma ke sudhAraka ke rUpa meM rakhe jA sakate haiM"brahmacarya vrata ko jor3anA, nagnatA kA mahattva aura dArzanika siddhAntoM kI adhika yojanAbaddha vyavasthA- inake lie mahAvIra ke sudhAravAdI utsAha ko zreya diyA jA sakatA hai|" mahAvIra ke nirvANa ke pazcAt jainadharma do sampradAyoM meM vibhakta ho gyaa| samaya bItane ke sAtha hI donoM sampradAyoM meM naye sampradAyoM kA udaya ho gyaa| jinameM se yApanIyasaMgha ke muni do pramukha sampradAyoM meM sAmaJjasya sthApita karAnevAle kahe jA sakate haiN| DA. upAdhye kA kathana hai ki jaina AcArazAstra apane udbhava meM mAgadhIya hai| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (85) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #120
jaina AcAra jaina tattvamImAMsA para Azrita hai| dravya ke svabhAva ko kevala nitya mAnanA yA kevala anitya mAnanA jainadharma ke anusAra AcArazAstrIya cintana kA vinAzaka hai aura yaha dRSTi prAganubhavika aura nirapekSavAdI pravRtti para Azrita hai| pariNAmasvarUpa jaina cintakoM kI vicAradhArA ke anusAra nityatA jitanI tAttvika hai utanI hI anityatA bhI hai yaha cintana 'anubhava' (Experience) para Azrita hai| dravya vaha hai - jo sat ( astitva) hai yA ekasamaya meM vaha utpatti ( utpAda), vinAza (vyaya) tathA sthAyitva (dhrauvya) se yukta hai yA guNa aura 'paryAya' kA AdhAra hai| 'paryAya' vizeSatayA jainadarzana kI hI parikalpanA hai| sat ina sabhI lakSaNoM ko apane meM sammilita kara letA hai / dravya aura guNa, dravya aura paryAya tathA dravya aura sat meM saMbaMdha abheda meM bheda kA hai| anekAntAtmaka dravya ko jAnane kA sAdhana hai- pramANa aura ny| pUrvavartI arthAt pramANa dravya ko samagra rUpa se jAnatA hai jaba ki paravartI arthAt naya samagratA meM se kevala eka pakSa ko jAnatA hai aura dUsare pakSa ko dRSTi meM rakhatA hai / anekAntAtmaka dravya kA binA kisI vikAra ke saMpreSaNa kiyA jA sake isake lie pratyeka kathana ke pahile 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga Avazyaka hai| 'syAdavAda' kA yaha siddhAnta jainadarzana kI parikalpanA hai| pratyeka kathana ke pUrva 'syAt' zabda kA prayoga kiyA jAnA caahie| jaina dRSTikoNa se 'syAt' zabda ko saMdehavAdI nahIM ginA jAnA cAhie, dUsare guNoM ke lie jo kathana nahIM kahe gaye haiM unake lie vaha prakAza stambha hai| jainadarzana ke anusAra sampUrNa astitva zAzvata, svayaMbhU aura saha-astitvavAle jIva aura ajIva kI do svataMtra zreNiyoM meM Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (86) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #121
vibhAjita hai| paravartI pudgala (bhautika padArtha), dharma (gati kA siddhAnta), adharma (sthiti kA siddhAnta), AkAza (sthAna) aura kAla (samaya) meM vibhAjita hai| ata: yathArthatA dvaitavAdI hai aura anekatvavAdI bhii| anekatA kA yadi vastugata aura saMzleSAtmaka dRSTikoNa se vicAra kiyA jAye to tAttvika anekatA sat kI ekatA ke sAtha bhI baMdhI huI hai| chaha dravya kabhI bhI apane mUla svabhAva ko nahIM chor3ate haiN| pudgala aNu se skandha avasthA taka cAra indriyaguNa- sparza, rasa, gaMdha aura varNa sahita hote haiN| yadyapi aNu dhvanirahita hotA hai, to bhI paramANuoM ke saMyoga se dhvani paidA ho sakatI hai jaba ve paramANuoM ke dUsare saMyoga ke saMparka meM Ate haiN| isa prakAra dhvani bhautika hotI hai| . AkAza kA vizeSa guNa sabhI dravyoM ko AvAsa pradAna karanA hai| dharma aura adharma dravya gati aura sthiti meM kramaza: udAsIna nimitta hote haiN| ye donoM siddhAnta lokAkAza aura alokAkAza kI sImA ke vibhAjana ke lie uttaradAyI haiN| kAla dravyoM meM parivartana kI avasthA ko prakaTa karatA hai| .. AtmA (jIva) jo cetanA yukta hai vaha saba dravyoM meM uccatama mahattva rakhatA hai aura saba tattvoM meM uccatama mUlyavAlA hai| saMsArI AtmAe~ anAdikAla se karmoM se baMdhI huI hai| ve svayaM ke dvArA kiye hue zubhaM aura azubha kriyAoM ke bhoktA hote haiM tathA jJAtA aura dRSTA bhI mAne gaye haiN| ve zarIra parimANa kI sImA taka phailate haiM, saMkocavistAra ke guNavAle hote haiM, utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya ke trayI svabhAva se saMbaMdhita hote haiM aura unameM cetanA kA viziSTa guNa hotA hai| mukta AtmA sabhI karmoM se svataMtra hotA hai aura ananta jJAna, ananta Ananda Adi ko prakaTa karatA hai| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #122
vibhinna prakAra ke naitika Adarza ullikhita haiN| ve eka hI artha ko vyakta karate haiN| AtmA kI mukti, paramAtma avasthA kI prApti, svasamaya yA svayaMbhU avasthA kI upalabdhi, AtmA ke svarUpa sattA kI anubhUti aura jJAna cetanA kI prApti, ahiMsA kA anubhava, zuddha bhAvoM kI prApti jo zubha aura azubha bhAvoM se pare hote haiM, zuddha bhAvoM kA kartA aura bhoktA honA, lokAtIta maraNa kI prApti- ye saba uccatama Adarza mAne gaye haiN| uccatama Adarza jJAnAtmaka, kriyAtmaka aura bhAvAtmaka AtmA meM nihita antaHzaktiyoM kA pUrA prakaTIkaraNa hai| AtmA kI kaluSitatA anAdikAla se calI A rahI hai| mithyAtva se dRSTi, jJAna aura cAritra dUSita ho jAte haiN| isase divya Adarza kI anubhUti avaruddha ho jAtI hai| pariNAmasvarUpa samyagdarzana (AdhyAtmika jAgrati) prApta kiyA jAnA cAhie jo jJAna aura cAritra ko samyak banA detA hai aura mokSa-prApti ke lie preraka ho jAtA hai| AtmA meM dRr3hatApUrvaka zraddhAna nizcaya samyagdarzana hai jaba ki sAta tattvoM meM zraddhA vyavahAra samyagdarzana kahalAtA hai| cAritra binA samyagdarzana ke naitikatA se pare nahIM jAtA hai, samyagdarzana yA AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa siddha karatA hai ki jaina AcAra AdhyAtmikatA kA AdhAra liye hue hai| samyagjJAna kA prakAza sAdhaka ko apane avaguNoM ko dekhane ke yogya banAtA hai| samyakcAritra kA pAlana una bAtoM kA unmUlana kara detA hai jo anavarata Ananda aura ananta jJAna ko rokate haiN| samyagdarzana aura samyagjJAna ke atirikta samyakcAritra bhI mokSa ke lie Avazyaka hai| vaha jo AMzika rUpa se cAritra kA pAlana karatA hai vaha pApoM kA pUrNa tyAga karane meM samartha nahIM hotA hai vaha gRhastha kahalAtA hai| gRhastha ke AMzika cAritra meM bane rahane ke lie pA~ca aNuvratoM kA pAlana aura (88) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #123
madya, mA~sa aura madhu kA tyAga sammilita hai| tyAgI jIvana ko unnata karane ke lie zIlavratoM kA zikSaNa Avazyaka hai| muni jIvana ke lie suvyavasthita gyAraha pratimAe~ batAyI gaI haiN| gRhastha ke AcAra kA varNana karane ke lie vyApaka paddhati ke rUpa meM pakSa, caryA aura sAdhana kA AdhAra apanAyA gyaa| yadi vyakti vartamAna jIvana ke samApta hone ke kAraNoM ke sammukha hotA hai to usako sallekhanA kI prakriyA kA sahArA lenA cAhie, yaha prakriyA mRtyu kA AdhyAtmika svAgata hai| yaha mRtyu ke sAmane jhukanA nahIM hai balki nirbhayatApUrvaka aura yatheSTa prakAra kI mRtyu kI cunautI ko svIkAra karanA hai| ataH isakA AtmaghAta se bheda kiyA jAnA caahie| pUrNa tyAgamaya jIvana (muni jIvana) azubha bhAvoM ke unmUlana ko saMbhava banAtA hai jo gRhastha ke AMzika tyAga kI sthiti meM saMbhava nahIM hotA hai| munidharma kriyA-jagata se pIche haTanA nahIM balki hiMsA-jagata se pIche haTanA hai| ucca aura udAtta mArga para ArohaNa AdhyAtmika prerakoM se prApta preraNA ke kAraNa hotA hai| paramparA ke anusAra ye preraka bAraha anuprekSAe~ kahI jAtI haiN| yadi ve (preraka) gRhastha ko pUrNa tyAgamaya jIvana meM jhA~kane kI zakti pradAna karate haiM, to ve sAdhuoM ke lie pathapradarzaka hote haiN| uparyukta varNita prerakoM ke kAraNa sAdhaka sAMsArika * kriyAoM va upalabdhiyoM ke prati niSedhAtmaka dRSTikoNa rakhatA hai kintu AtmA ke prati svIkArAtmaka dRSTikoNa apanAtA hai| aMtaraMga aura bAhya svarUpa ko utkRSTa guru ke saMrakSaNa meM grahaNa karane ke pazcAt prastAvita anuzAsana kI prakriyA ko prApta karake sAdhaka zramaNa bana jAne kA ...' sammAna prApta kara letA hai| __Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (89) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #124
- muni pA~ca mahAvrata (ahiMsA, satya, asteya, aparigraha aura brahmacarya), pA~ca prakAra kI samiti (IryA, bhASA, eSaNA, AdAnanikSepaNa aura utsarga), tIna gupti (mana, vacana aura kAya), chaha prakAra ke AvazyakoM (sAmAyika, stuti, vaMdanA, pratikramaNa, pratyAkhyAna aura kAyotsarga) kA pAlana karate haiN| isake atirikta vaha pA~ca indriyoM kA niyaMtraNa, kezaloMca, dina meM kevala eka bAra bhojana karatA hai, snAna nahIM karatA aura daMta dhAvana nahIM karatA hai| nagnatA, jamIna para sonA, hathelI meM khar3e hokara dina meM eka bAra AhAra grahaNa karanA- digambara sAdhuoM kI viziSTa caryA hai| isa prakAra muni apanI sampUrNa UrjA karmoM ko rokane (saMvara) aura vinAza (nirjarA) meM samarpita karatA hai| pariNAmasvarUpa vaha bAIsa prakAra ke parISahoM ko jItanA aura bAraha prakAra ke tapoM ko karanA apanI anivAryatAoM ke kSetra meM svIkAra karatA hai| parISaha muni kI icchA ke viruddha utpanna hote haiM, jaba ki tapa sAdhaka kI icchA ke anurUpa AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke lie kiye jAte haiN| ina tapoM ko karane kA uddezya zArIrika tyAga hI nahIM hai kintu indriyoM aura zarIra ke prati Asakti ko naSTa karanA hai| chaha prakAra ke aMtaraMga tapoM meM dhyAna kA atyadhika mahattva hai| sabhI anuzAsanAtmaka kriyAe~ dhyAna kI pRSThabhUmi kA nirmANa karatI haiN| vaha samyakcAritra kA anivArya saMghaTaka hai aura yaha divya antaHzaktiyoM ke prakaTIkaraNa ke lie sIdhe rUpa se saMbaMdhita hai moTe taura para dhyAna do prakAra kA hotA hai arthAt (1) prazasta aura (2) aprshst| pUrvavartI ke antargata do prakAra kA dhyAna hai arthAt (i) dharmadhyAna aura (ii) zukladhyAna, aura paravartI meM bhI do prakAra ke Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #125
dhyAna haiM arthAt (i) ArtadhyAna aura (ii) raudradhyAna / tapa ke rUpa meM dhyAna kA saMbaMdha prazasta prakAra ke dhyAna se hai kyoMki kevala ve hI zubha aura lokAtIta jIvana se saMbaMdhita haiN| isake viparIta aprazasta dhyAna sAMsArika duHkhoM kI ora le jAtA hai| vaha muni jisake asAdhya roga hai, asahanIya vRddhAvasthA hai, sthAnIya akAla hai, sunane aura dekhane meM kamajorI hai, pairoM meM azaktatA Adi hai, sallekhanA (maraNa kA AdhyAtmika svAgata ) grahaNa karatA hai| sampUrNa AcArazAstra jo gRhastha aura muni ke lie nirdhArita hai vaha vyavahAra meM ahiMsA ke rUpAntaraNa ke lie pratipAdita hai, jisakI pUrNatA rahasyAtmaka anubhUti meM udghATita hotI hai| isa taraha se AcArazAstra ke mUlasrota kA saMbaMdha yadi tattvamImAMsA se ghaniSTha hai to usakA rahasyavAda se bhI saMbaMdha kama nahIM hai| jainadharma meM 'rahasyavAda' kA samAnArthaka zabda 'zuddhopayoga' hai| bahirAtmA ko chor3ane ke pazcAt antarAtmA ke dvArA lokAtIta AtmA kI anubhUti rahasyavAda hai / antarAtmA se lokAtIta AtmA taka kI yAtrA naitika aura bauddhika sAdhanoM ke mAdhyama se kI jAtI hai, jo bhI antardivyatA kI utpatti meM bAdhaka hote haiM ve miTA diye jAte haiN| pUrNatA prApta hone se pahale eka jyotipUrNa avasthA se giranA saMbhava ho sakatA hai| tAttvika zabdAvalI meM hama kaha sakate haiM ki 'rahasyavAda' AtmA kI svAbhAvika utpAda, vyaya aura dhrauvya kI anubhUti hai / yaha AtmA kI svarUpasattA kI anubhUti hai / rahasyavAda aura tattvamImAMsA dravya kI samasyA ke prati bheda darzAte haiN| yadi rahasyavAdI kI paddhati anubhava aura antarjJAna hai to tattvamImAMsaka kI paddhati kevala vicAraNA hai| Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (91)

Page #126
. AdhyAtmika vikAsa ke caudaha sopAna jo pAribhASika rUpa se guNasthAna jAne jAte haiM unheM nimnalikhita zIrSakoM ke antargata sammilita kara sakate haiM arthAt (1) jAgrati se pUrva AtmA kA aMdhakArakAla, (2) AtmajAgrati, (3) zuddhIkaraNa, (4) jyotipUrNa avasthA, (5) jyoti ke pazcAt aMdhakAra kAla aura (6) lokAtIta jiivn| ina avasthAoM se pare eka aura avasthA hai jo siddha avasthA jAnI jAtI hai| . (1) AtmA ke itihAsa meM ghora aMdhakAra kA kAla vaha hai jaba AtmA mithyAtva se grasita hotA hai| prathama avasthA arthAt mithyAtva guNasthAna meM AtmA kI dazA pUrNa rUpa se candragrahaNa ke samAna hotI hai athavA bAdaloM se ghire hue AkAza kI taraha hotI hai| yaha AdhyAtmika nidrA kI sthiti hai jisakI vizeSatA hai ki AtmA svayaM hI isa nidrA se avagata nahIM hai| mithyAdRSTi vyakti gahana rUpa se bauddhika aura dRr3ha rUpa se naitika ho sakatA hai kintu usameM rahasyavAda kI yogyatA kA abhAva rhegaa| isa prakAra AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa kA naitika rUpAntaraNa aura bauddhika upalabdhiyoM se bheda kiyA jAnA caahie| (2) jisa AtmA meM AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa kI prApti huI hai usane vartamAna janma meM yA pUrva janma meM unase upadeza sunA hogA jinhoMne apane jIvana meM divyatva anubhava kara liyA hai yA jo divya anubhava ke mArga para hai| arihaMta sarvocca guru haiN| AcArya, upAdhyAya aura sAdhu divya anubhUti ke mArga para haiN| kevala AcArya ko hI vyaktiyoM ko rahasyAtmaka jIvana meM dIkSA dene kA adhikAra hai isalie ve guru kahalAte haiN| aba AtmA cauthe guNasthAna meM hai| dUsarI aura tIsarI avasthAe~ AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa se girane kI avasthAe~ haiN| (3) aba AtmA jAgrata-AtmA meM rUpAntarita ho cukI hai| sAdhaka aba svayaM ko svAdhyAya meM lagAtA hai aura Atma-saMyama kA (92) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #127
pAlana karatA hai| saMkSepa meM, vaha zuddhIkaraNa ke mArga kA anusaraNa karatA hai jo kevala niSedhAtmaka prakriyA nahIM hai balki sakArAtmaka prApti ko bhI samAviSTa karatI hai| svAdhyAya aura bhakti rahasyavAdI ke naitika aura AdhyAtmika anuzAsana kA anivArya bhAga haiN| isa taraha AtmA apane vikAsa ke anusAra pA~caveM yA chaThe yA sAtaveM guNasthAna ke prathama bhAga meM pahu~ca jAtA hai| ( 4 ) isI samaya AtmA ne apane meM apane ko nimajjana karane kI zakti prApta kara lI hai, vaha gahana rUpa se antarmukhI ho jAtA hai| sAtaveM guNasthAna kA dUsarA bhAga aura zeSa bArahaveM guNasthAna taka dhyAna kI yA jyotipUrNa aura harSollAsa pUrNa avasthAe~ haiN| zreNiyA~ gahare dhyAna ke mAdhyama se car3hI jAtI haiN| (5) jaba AtmA gyArahaveM guNasthAna meM pahu~catA hai to vaha prathama yA caturtha guNasthAna meM giratA hai| isakA kAraNa hai- kaSAyoM ke damana kA ubharanA aura isa prakAra AtmA aMdhakAra kAla kA anubhava karatA hai / sabhI rahasyavAdI isa aMdhakAra kAla kA anubhava nahIM karate haiN| jo rahasyavAdI kSapaka zreNI car3hate haiM ve aMdhakAra kAla se baca jAte haiM aura turanta lokAtIta jIvana kA anubhava karane meM samartha ho jAte haiM kintu jo upazama zreNI car3hate haiM ve isa jIvana se vaMcita ho jAte haiN| niHsandeha paravartI rahasyavAdI bhI utanI hI U~cAI para pahu~ca jAyeMge kintu kevala taba jaba ve kSapaka zreNI cddh'eNge| AtmAe~, yadyapi pratyeka nahIM, apane jIvana meM tIna prakAra ke aMdhakAra kA sAmanA karatI hai| prathama- jAgrati se pUrva, dvitIya - jAgrati ke pazcAt, tRtIya- upazama zreNI car3hane ke kaarnn| (6) supta AtmA jAgrata hone ke pazcAt aba AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa, naitika aura bauddhika taiyArI ke mAdhyama se dhyAna kI sIr3hiyoM Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta (93) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #128
se car3hatA huA udAtta lakSya kI ora pahu~catA hai| yaha lokAtIta jIvana hai aura atimAnasika avasthA hai| yaha AtmA kI vijaya hai, rahasyavAda kA phUla hai| aba AtmA 'arihaMta' hai aura terahaveM aura caudahaveM guNasthAna meM ThaharatI hai| caudahaveM guNasthAna se turanta vaha videhamukti prApta kara letA hai, AtmA kI yaha avasthA guNasthAnoM se pare hai| AtmA kI yaha avasthA rahasyAtmaka yAtrA kI samApti hai| vaidika, jaina aura bauddhoM kA cintana ullekhanIya rUpa se eka dUsare ke sAtha manovaijJAnika, naitika aura dhArmika stara para samAna hai| jainadharma ke anusAra mUla sadguNa haiM- (1) AdhyAtmika rUpAntaraNa, (2) svAdhyAya, (3) ahiMsA, (4) satya, (5) asteya, (6) brahmacarya, (7) aparigraha, (8) dhyAna aura (9) bhkti| jaina AcAra vyaktigata, sAmAjika, rASTriya aura antarrASTriya pragati lAne meM samartha kahA jA sakatA hai| (94) Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #129
sandarbha-grantha-sUcI aMguttaranikAya, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa amitagati zrAvakAcAra, anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. cAritrapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha 'aSTapAhuDa' antarga IzAvAsyopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura iSTopadeza, pUjyapAda, rAyacanda jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI kaThopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura kArtikeyAnuprekSA, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI kenopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura gommaTasAra jIvakANDa, nemicandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 10. chAndogya upaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura 11. jJAnArNava, zubhacandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI bambaI 12. tattvArthasUtra, umAsvAmI, sarvArthasiddhi ke antargata, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 13. tattvAnuzAsana, nAgakumAra muni, vIrasevA mandira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 14. taittirIyopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura 15. dIgha nikAya, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, banArasa 16. niyamasAra, padmaprabhamaladhArIdeva kI TIkA sahita, jaina graMtharatnAkara kAryAlaya, ba 17. nyAyadarzana, gautama, vAtsyAyana ke bhASya sahita, caukhambA, banArasa 18. nyAyasUtra-bhASya-vartikA, udyotakara, caukhambA, banArasa 19. paJcAstikAya, kundakunda, amRtacandra aura jayasena kI TIkA sahita, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 20. paramAtmaprakAza, yogindu, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 21. puruSArthasiddhyupAya, amRtacandra, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta For Personal & Private Use Only (95)

Page #130
22. pottapada sutta, mahAbodhi sabhA, sAranAtha, 'dIghanikAya' ke antargata 23. pravacanasAra, kundakunda, amRtacandra aura jayasena kI TIkA sahita, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 24. praznopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura 25. bodhapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, antargata 26. bRhadAraNyakopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura 27. bhagavadgItA, gItA presa, gorakhapura 28. bhAgavata purANa, gItA presa, gorakhapura 29. bhAvapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha, 'aSTapAhuDa' antarga 30. muNDakopaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura 31. mUlAcAra, vaTTakera, anantakIrti digambara jaina granthamAlA, 32. mokSapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, antargata mAroTha 'aSTapAhuDa' 33. yogadarzana, pataMjali, gItA presa, gorakhapura 34. yogadarzana bhASya aura bhojavRtti, zaMkaradatta zarmA, murAdAbAda (96) bambaI mAroTha 'aSTapAhuDa' ke 35. yogasAra, yogIndu, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 36. ratnakaraNDa zrAvakAcAra, samantabhadra, vIrasevA maMdira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 37. zIlapAhuDa, kundakunda, pATanI digambara jaina granthamAlA, mAroTha ''aSTapAhuDa' ke antargata 38. zvetazvetaropaniSad, gItA presa, gorakhapura 39. samayasAra, kundakunda, amRtacandra aura jayasena kI TIkA sahita, rAyacandra jaina zAstramAlA, bambaI 40. samAdhizataka, pUjyapAda, vIrasevA maMdira, dariyAgaMja, dillI 41. sarvArthasiddhi, pUjyapAda, bhAratIya jJAnapITha, kAzI 42. sAMkhyakArikA, Izvara kRSNa, caukhambA, banArasa 43. svayaMbhUstotra, samantabhadra, vIrasevA maMdira, dariyAgaMja, dillI For Personal & Private Use Only ke Ethical Doctrines in Jainism jainadharma meM AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta

Page #131
44. Acaranga-Sutra, Sacred Books of the East., Vol.XXII 45. Atmanusasana of Gunabhadra, Sacred Books of the Jains, Vol. VII 46. Bhagavad-Gita, English Translation by Radhakrishnan, George Allen & Unwin, London 47. Bhagavad-Gita, as the Philosophy of God-realisation by R.D.Ranada, Nagpur University, Nagpur 48. Constructive Survey of Upanisadic Philosophy by R.D. Ranade, Oriental Book Agency, Poona 49. Doctrines of Jainism, Schubring, Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi 50. Early Buddhist Monachism, Dr. Dutta, London 51. Ethics of the Hindus, S. K. Maitra, University of Calcutta 52. Fundamentals of Ethics, Urban, George Allen & Unwin, London 53. Greek Philosophy, Burnet, Mac Millan and Co. 54. History of Philosophy Eastern and Western, Vol.I, George Allen and Unwin, London 55. Indian Philosophy, Vol. I & II, Radhakrishnan, George Allen & Unwin, London 56. Introduction of Indian Philosophy, Datta and Chatterjee, .: University of Calcutta, Calcutta 57. Kausitaki-Upanisad, George Allen & Unwin, London, under the title "Principal Upanisads' 58. Maitri-Upanisad, George Allen & Unwin, London, under the title 'Principal Upanisads' 59Niyamsara of Kundakunda, Sacred Books of the Jains, Vol. Kh 60. Outline of the History of Ethics, Henry Sidgwick, Mac Millan and Co., London Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #132
61. Outline of the History of Greek Philosophy, Zeller, Routledge and Kegan, London 62. Outline of Indian Philosophy, M. Hiriyanna, George Allen & Unwin, London 63. Pathway of God-realization in Hindi Literature, H. D. Ranada, Adhyatma Vidya Mandir, Sangli 64. Principal Upanisads, George Allen & Unwin, London 65. Religion and Society, Dr. Radhakrishnan, George Allen & Unwin, London 66. Sastradipika, Parthasarathi Misra, Oriental Institute, Baroda 67. Short History of Ethics, R. A. P. Rogers, Mac Millan & Co. London 68. Studies in Jaina Philosophy, Nathmal Tatia, Jaina Cultural Research Society, Banaras 69. Uttaradhyayana, Sacred Books of the East, Vol.XLV 70. Vedanta Explained Vol. I & II, Dr. V. H. Date, D. M. Tilak, Bombay 71. World Problems and Jaina Ethics, Beni Prasad, Jain Cultural Society, Banaras 72. Yoga, Immortality and Freedom, Micrcea Eliade, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London Ethical Doctrines in Jainism For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #133
viSaya-sUcI adhyAya viSaya pRSTha saMkhyA samarpaNa prakAzakIya XI prAkkathana pro. (DaoN.) vIrasAgara jaina XIV adhyakSa, jainadarzana vibhAga, zrI lAlabahAdura zAstrI rASTriya saMskRta vidyApITha, naI dillI sampAdakIya DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI XVII sAmAnya sampAdakIya DaoN. e. ena. upAdhye XXIII DaoN. hIrAlAla jaina prastAvanA DaoN. kamalacanda sogANI XXIX khaNDa-3 jaina aura jainetara bhAratIya AcArazAstrIya siddhAnta 1-62 pUrva adhyAya kA saMkSipta vivaraNa (1-2), vibhinna prakAra se naitika Adarza kI abhivyaktiyA~ (2-12), (V) For Personal & Private Use Only

Page #134
Jan Education internal anel