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śramaņa, Vol 55, No. 10-12/October-December 2004
distribution done dishonestly economic disparity prevails there which spoils the economic, social and ethical life of the nation. The poor and weak people of the society suffer alot from the lackness of necessary items while clever and rich persons have surplus quantity of necessary things which are misused by them.
The government, in order to prevent the unequal distribution of necessary commodities manages shops controlled by government itself in which wheat, rice, sugar, oil, cloths etc are selled on the controlled rates. Moreover, from the controlled shop a man cannot purchase anything as much as he desires. Because right of purchasing a thing from government shop depends on the number of the family members. But generally the shop-keepers and clever persons of society violate the government rules and the distributions of commodities runs unequally. The unequal and unjustified distribution of necessary things causes violence. Exchange
Exchange consists of giving and taking. A man gives something to somebody form whom he takes something according to his need. In ancient time exchange was very trouble some. There was Barter system according to which commodities were being exchanged because there was no currency. A man in need of rice and having extra wheat, used to search the man having extra rice and in need of wheat. It was very difficult to search out man according to own necessity. But after the discovery of currency the exchange has become easy. A man sells his extra things by receiving currencies and he purchases the things he needs by paying currencies to the shopkeepers or to the persons who sell his extra things. Exchange may be seen in the factories where labours work and in stead of that they receive labour-charges. In schools and colleges teachers teach students and for that they get salaries. In the same way exchange may be seen in the different fields of human life. But, the exchange becomes unjustified and injurious when values of things exchanged are assessed dishonestly and unequally. The assessment of labour of labours working in the factories and the money given to them as
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