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E. Leumann, An outline of the Avaśyaka literature
(Translation p. 34 [12]) The 32 faults from which the salutation ritual should be free XII 111 (1207). 'anādhiyam ca thaddham ca, pavviddham "paripindiyam Ptola-gai 'ankusam c'eva, tahā 'kacchabha-ringiyam XII 112 (1208). ®macch’uvvattam'maņasā pauttham taha ya ''veiyāvaddham "bhayasā c'eva 'bhayantam, "mittī-14gārava-"kāraṇā. XII 113 (1209). 16teņiyam "paļiņiyam c'eva, 18 ruttham "tajjiyam eva ya 20sadham ca 2'hīliyam c'eva, tahā 22 vipaliunciyam. XII 114 (1210). 23 dittham a-dittham ca tahā, 24singam ca 2kara 2omoaņam 27ālittham anālittham, 28ūnam auttara-cūliyam. XII 115 (1211). "mūyam ca "daddharam c'eva, Scuddalim ca apacchimam battīsa-dosa-parisuddham, kii-kammam paunjaī.
(Translation p. 39 [14']) XII 119 (1215). vinaôvayāra mānassa bhanjanā pūyanā guru-janassa titthayarāņa ya āņā sua-dhammârāhanā 'kiriyā. XII 120 (1216). viņao sāsaņe mūlam, viņio samjao bhave viņayāð vippamukkassa, kao dhammo kao tavo? XII 121 (1217). jamhā viņayai kammam atthaviham cāuranta-mukkhāe tamhā u vayanti viū viņað tti vilīna-samsārā.
(XII 122-130 : see text and translation p. 20 [84]).
VII. English translations of two reviews of the Übersicht
originally published in German
Review by H. von Glasenapp published in Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 38, 1935, No. 6, pp. 388-389.
"Āvaśyakas", that is necessities”, is the name given by the Jainas to six duties, whose daily performance is indispensable. They are 1. to take upon oneself the solemn promise to refrain from any type of evil, 2. glorification of the 24 Tīrthankaras, 3. respect towards the teacher, 4. confession, 5. to remain in the kāyotsarga position, which serves to liberate the spirit from the carnal, 6. to take upon oneself the solemn promise to refrain from certain pleasures. These āvasyakas, which had been handed down in various formulas, belong to the oldest component of the Jaina scriptures and have themselves become the starting-point of an extremely extensive literature in which numerous Jaina writers have considered it their duty to comment upon the āvasyakas and to elucidate them through narratives. Thus the history of the Āvaśyaka-literature forms a "paradigmatic section of the entire Jaina literature” which for research on Jainism is equally significant both from the point of view of religion and for literary history. During painstaking work over eleven years, Ernst Leumann has provided an overview of the multilayered Āvaśyaka scriptures that he has partly put into print, but that was never published because the author later turned to other studies. Now, Leumann's disciple, W. Schubring, provides an excellent Manul print of this unique work based on printed sheets in a single copy of this unfinished work. Every researcher on Jainism will be most grateful to the editor because it would have been an irreperable loss for German
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