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E. Leumann, An outline of the Avasyaka Literature
Hemacandra's explanation is more verbose. However, he passes over reasons 4 and 5 of 91a, but justifies the necessity of the atoms of the secondary directions with a citation'. The drawing, found opposite, which he adds, was already included at niry. VIII 121', respectively at Viś. IV.89.
About this Hemacandra remarks that the diś-diagram actually cannot be presented graphically, but only understood cetasi "intellectually" (i.e. by means of a spatial imaginative power (avadharaniya) apparently, because the directions represented by the middle atom "above" and "below" come out of the plane, and instead of a planimetrical, require a stereometrical drawing.
The waiver of the three-dimensional viewpoint was apparently intended by the inventors of the orthodox diagram of directions, as only the simplicity, thus gained by it artificially, would have secured priority for it over the one containing ten atoms that, theoretically, would have been more correct.
Without doubt, two atoms each in the orthodox schema were attributed to the main directions, only to be able to characterize them as such. Therefore, it can only be expected that the incognizableness of the main directions of the opposing schema would be criticized.
What the Cūrṇi says about the diś-diagram is completely confused. It treats the conglomerate containing thirteen and the conglomerate having ten atoms as equal; the first is called ring-like, and the latter is supposed to be the Rucaka!
As far as the regional dis is concerned, Jinabhadra offers the following line: 91 The regional dis (starts out) in the middle of Meru from the Rucaka, which contains eight
atoms.
The drawing presented here by Haribhadra and Hemacandra is not clear enough3 which is why we replace it with the following: [43]
+ Oo O O O O + The square in the middle represents the upper and lower side of the Rucaka-cube and the main directions have been recorded as small o circles, the subordinate directions as small crosslets. As can be seen, the area of a main direction begins with two atoms and increases steadily by two more, whereas the area of a subordinate direction has only one atom in each new panel. The areas of both remaining directions ("above" and "below") are not depicted in the figure. Each of them has the form of a square column, which expands over, respectively below the Rucaka.
After these preliminary remarks, three stanzas, conveyed by Haribhadra, Śīlānka (Exc. p. 14) and Hemacandra that are also found in the Vulgate-text of the Niryukti (VIII 12124) and in the Ac.-niry. (42, 44, 46), but have been completely ignored by our Curni, should be comprehensible; they teach:
O + 0 0 O +
OOO
OOO
0
+ O
OO
+ 0
0 O +
O 0 + O
• 0
O
O
+
O
0 0 +
0 O 0 O O O +
O
Jain Education International
O
O
O O O O
1. The Rucaka, containing eight atoms in the midst of the middle world, is the source of the (four main) directions; it is also (the source) of the (four) subordinate directions.
2. The four (main directions) contain two atoms at the beginning and each increases by two, the four (subordinate) directions contain one atom and do not increase, both (directions "above" and "below") contain four (atoms) at the beginning and do not increase.
3. The four main directions, having the form of a waggon attachment, the four
1
egapaes'ogāḍham satta-paesa ya se phusaṇā ||
2 davva-disā jahannena terasa-padesiyam davvam, tam jahannayam dasadisāgam, terasa-padesiyam pi jahannayam davvam bhavati, dasa-padesiyam pi. tattha puņa terasa-padesie parimandalam samthanam bhavati; dasa-padesie disão bhavanti, Ruyao ya so bhannai, u k ko se nam anant a-padesi ya m asamkhejjapades'ogadham. e sa davva-disā.
The words in italics are to be found in niry. VIII 121', those spread apart in Viś. IV 89.
3
The same is also found, apparently added by the glossarist, in Sīlānka's manuscript; cp. plate 28 below (at the right margin of fol. 272).
118
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